BUREAU OF FISHERIES
REPORT OF
THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1910
AND
SPECIAL PAPERS
GEORGE M, BOWERS
Commissioner
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1911
CONTENTS.
Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1910. Document 734, 40 p. (Issued November 25, 1910.)
The distribution of fish and fish eggs during the fiscal year 1910. Document
740, 112 p. (Issued June 1, 1911.)
Dredging and hydrographic records of the U. S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross
during THE Philippine expedition, 1907-1910. Document 741, 98 p. (Issued
November 29, 1910. )
Condition and extent of the natural oyster beds of Delaware. By H. F. Moore.
Document 745, 30 p., 1 chart, (Issued February 10, 1911.)
The fisheries of Alaska in 1910. By Millard C. Marsh and John N. Cobb. Docu¬
ment 746, 72 p. (Issued April 19, 1911.)
Special investigation of the Alaska fur-seal rookeries, 1910. By Harold Heath.
Document 748, 22 p. (Issued November 10, 1911. )
The fur-seal fisheries of Alaska in 1910. By Walter I. Lembkey. Document
749, 40 p. (Issued November 8, 1911.)
The salmon fisheries of the Pacific coast. By John N. Cobb. Document 751,
180 p. (Issued November 25, 1911.)
iii
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1910
Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 734
1
CONTENTS.
Page.
General considerations . 5
Propagation of food fishes . 6
Extent of work . 6
Review of operations . 7
New stations and improvements . 11
Acclimatization and results of fish culture . 12
Fish-cultural relations with States and foreign countries . 13
Biological inquiries and experiments . 15
Oyster investigations and surveys . 15
Pearl-mussel investigations . 16
Experiments in sponge culture . 17
Study of fish diseases . 17
Other inquiries and experiments . 18
Marine biological laboratories . 19
Alaska salmon service . 19
Alaska fur-seal service . 21
The fishery industries . 22
Statistics and methods of the fisheries . 22
Shad and alewife fisheries . 27
Investigation of the mackerel fishery . 28
Fisheries of Mississippi . 31
Miscellaneous activities . 33
Relations with other government bureaus . 33
International fishery matters . . 33
Employment of vessels . 34
Publications and library . 35
Appropriations . 35
Recommendations . 36
Reorganization of personnel . - - - 36
Salaries and personnel . 36
Sponge law . 37
Extension of fish culture . 38
Laboratory for the study of fish diseases . 39
Fishery intelligence service . 40
New building . ^ - 40
3
REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
Department of Commerce and Labor, v
Bureau of Fisheries,
I V ashing ton, August 1910.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the opera¬
tions of the Bureau of Fisheries for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1910.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.
This Bureau was organized as the United States Fish Commission
in February, 1871, and on June 30, 1910, therefore, it completed the
fortieth fiscal year of its existence. Originally clothed solely with
functions of investigation and inquiry into the reputed or real de¬
crease in the food fishes of the coastal and interior waters, it soon
manifested that it could perform important service in actually increas¬
ing the supply of such fishes. In recognition of this fact acts of Con¬
gress from time to time have enlarged the functions of the Bureau
until to-day the purely practical work of increasing and conserving
aquatic food resources through cultural and experimental operations
has become the dominant feature of the Bureau’s activities.
For a long while wholly relieved of executive control of the
fisheries by reason of the constitutional reservation of that right to
the States, the Bureau recently has been invested with the adminis¬
tration of the important fisheries of Alaska, including the entire
control of the Pribilof Islands and the fur-bearing animals of the
Territory at large.
The steady increase in* the volume and importance of the Bureau’s
work has been especially rapid in the past ten years, and the fiscal
year just closed, which witnessed a drastic change in the control of
the seal herd, has added considerably to the sum of the Bureau’s
duties. The probable adoption of joint international regulations
in respect to the fisheries of the waters contiguous to our northern
boundary presents the possibility of a great enlargement of the
5
6 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
Bureau’s executive functions in the near future. Each year brings
increasing demands from the several States for aid and advice in
respect to the drafting of laws and regulations, the establishment
of state fishery services, and the best measures for the conservation
and development of fishery resources, and the Bureau feels that, its
influence for good in matters relating to the fisheries is yearly becom¬
ing more important. The salient features of the work during the
fiscal year are exhibited in the following pages.
PROPAGATION OF FOOD FISHES.
EXTENT OF WORK.
It is gratifying to be able to record another successful 3rear in fish-
cultural work. Methods have not varied appreciably from those of
former years, and attention has been directed principally to enlarg¬
ing the output.
The widespread and increasing interest taken in the Bureau’s
work by people in all sections of the country and the growing con¬
ception of the benefits resulting from the stocking of public and
private waters are manifested by the large number of applications for
fish received during the year, the number being 10,635, an increase of
523 over 1909.
Work was conducted at 35 permanent stations and 86 field and col¬
lecting stations, located in 32 States. With reference to the fishes
propagated, the regular hatcheries may be classified as follows:
Marine species, 3 ; river fishes of the eastern seaboard, 5 ; fishes of the
Pacific coast, 5 ; fishes of the Great Lakes, 7 ; fishes of the interior, 15.
The results of fish culture depend largely upon climatic conditions,
the most elaborate and carefully executed plans ending in success or
failure according to the state of the weather in the spawning season.
In 1910 these conditions were generally unfavorable, resulting in the
curtailment of egg collections of most of the important species, but
owing to the superior quality of the majority of the eggs obtained,
the Bureau was able to exceed its record year of 1909 by 126,800,000,
or 4 per cent, the total output of fish and eggs being in excess of
3,233,000,000. This was accomplished without increased funds, the
available appropriations being the same as in the preceding two
years, and was made possible largely through the faithful and effi¬
cient service rendered by the Bureau’s employees in their several
lines of work.
The following is a table summarizing the distribution of fish and
fish eggs for the year. Of these, 443,177,000 eggs and 7,425 fish were
delivered to various state fish commissions, and 600.000 eggs of salmon
and trout were shipped to foreign countries.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
7
Summary of Distribution of Fish and Eggs, Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1910.
Species.
Catfish .
Carp .
Bunalonsh .
Shad .
Whitefish .
Lake herring .
Silver salmon .
Chinook salmon .
Bluebaek salmon .
Steelhead trout .
Humpback salmon .
Rainbow trout .
Atlantic salmon .
Landlocked salmon .
Blackspotted trout .
Loch Leven trout .
Lake trout .
Brook trout .
Sunapee trout . .
Grayling .
Pike .
Pickerel .
Crappie and strawberry bass.
Rock bass .
Warmouth bass .
Smallmouth black bass .
Largemouth black bass .
Sunfish (brehm) .
Pike perch .
Yellow perch .
Striped bass .
White bass .
White perch .
Yellow bass .
Sea bass .
Smelt .
Mackerel .
Freshwater drum .
Cod.. .
Pollock .
Haddock . c .
Flatfish .
Lobster .
Eggs.
Total . 474,295,461 j 2,722,310,215
2,160,000
55, 42S, 000
1,440,000
375, 000
37,531,417
100,000
250,000
536, 494
5,000
115,000
2, 748, 550
10,210,000
516,000
25,000
321,455,000
5,200,000
4,566,000
16,500,000
4,500,000
9,854,666
780,000
Fry.
89,076,000
195,964,000
70,300,000
10, 918,025
16, 342, 556
121,136, 995
3, 570,287
1,368,000
552, 716
1,217,366
985,040
1,765,834
33,649,622
7, 405, 545
171,029
81,000
537, 600
56,600
155,025,000
326,885,000
2, 7S4,000
338, 480,000
’”808,666'
764,090
210, 354,000
38,140,000
712,000
930,755,000
162,505,000
Fingeriings,
yearlings,
and adults.
544,350
22,710
201,475
67, 525
21,719,600
179,718
1,771,128
238, 212
304, 364
884,154
68,248
4,286,150
4,228,461
18
43,300
500
414,477
69,985
792
113,305
679, 482
345,635
4,760
109,245
6,050
'”250'
9,000
ii, 950
2,052
Total.
544, 350
22,710
201,475
92,236,000
251,392,000
71,740, 000
11,293,025
53, 941,498
142,956, 595
3,900,005
1,368,000
2,860,338
1,460,578
1,404,404
5,398.538
68.248
48,145,772
12,150,006
171,029
106,018
43,300
500
414,477
69,985
792
650, 905
736, 0S2
345,635
476, 484, 760
332,194,245
7,350,000
6,050
354,980,000
250
808,000
4,509,000
764,000
11,950
220,208 000
38, 140, 000
712,000
930, 755, 000
163,287,052
36,326,896 3,233,332,572
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS.
The conspicuous increases in the output of fish and eggs over the
year 1909 were in bluebaek, silver, and Atlantic salmons, lake trout,
lake herring, yellow perch, shad, cod, flatfish, and steelhead trout,
the production of the latter three species exceeding all previous
records.
There was a slight decrease from last year in the number of chinook
salmon liberated from the Pacific coast stations. Notwithstanding
a normal run in the Sacramento, the season at the California stations
was the poorest for thirteen years, due partly to such low water that
the fish were unable to ascend the tributary streams on which the
hatcheries are located, and, later, to freshets which carried away the
racks and permitted the impounded fish to escape, with the loss of
millions of eggs. Two causes are at present militating against the
increase of salmon in these streams — the increasing numbers of black
bass, which prey upon the young salmon after planting, and the
8
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
ascent of the fry by thousands into a recently constructed irrigating
ditch, where they are left on the land to die. The only remedy that
can be suggested is to plant the fry in the lower reaches of the rivers
or establish a large hatchery at tide water, the latter method involv¬
ing less expense. Unless some action is taken the number of salmon
in these rivers will decline rapidly.
Taken as a whole, the work of the Oregon stations was satisfactory,
although high water during the spawning of the chinook salmon
shortened the season and reduced the collections to slightly below
those of the previous year.
At the Washington stations, where attention is devoted chiefly to
the sockeye, humpback, and silver salmons and the steelhead trout,
the work was augmented by the opening of two new field stations.
In Alaska, where the sockeye salmon is propagated, the yield of the
two hatcheries was. highly satisfactory, especially the Afognak sta¬
tion, operated for the first time this year.
The lake-trout, whitefish, and pike-perch work of the Great Lakes
stations, while not equal to that of some seasons, gave better results
than had been anticipated in view of the obstacles encountered. Potent
factors in the shortage at the Michigan stations were the unusually
early spawning season, followed by unfavorable weather, and the
necessity of complying with recently enacted state legislation, which
stipulates that the operations of the Bureau must be supervised by the
state fish and game warden’s department and that all eggs must be
taken and fertilized by fishermen licensed by that department, thus
placing the work in the hands of inexperienced men. Compliance
with the provisions of this law curtailed the output of Northville and
its substations fully one-fourth. The law also prohibited pike-perch
collections on the St. Clair River, one of the Bureau’s most productive
fields in past years.
At the Duluth station the weather and other conditions were favor¬
able, permitting increased lake-trout work, but whitefish and pike-
perch operations on Lake Erie were materially interfered with by
storms, although the poor collections of the latter species were offset
to a great extent by the superior quality of the eggs secured.
The lobster output from the three marine stations was about equal
to that of 1009. The impounded stock at the Boothbay Harbor sta¬
tion was stripped in April, and though the lobsters were in vigorous
health the average yield of eggs was smaller than usual, due, it is
believed, to their greater activity in the pound during the mild winter
and the consequent shedding of many eggs. The construction of two
substantial lobster pounds during the year places this station on a
greatly improved basis. At the Gloucester and Woods Hole stations,
which are not equipped with pounds, the lobsters collected during
the fall are cared for in live cars through the winter.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
9
The number of cod fry produced at these stations was nearly
100,000,000 greater than in 1909, the greatest gain being at the Glouces¬
ter station, where more eggs than could be handled were obtained from
fishing grounds in the vicinity.
. The collection of flatfish eggs was the largest ever made by the
Bureau, numbering 1,195,911,000, from which 930,755,000 fry were
hatched and distributed. At Boothbay Harbor, where this work
has only recently been undertaken, the output was increased 100 per
cent over that of the previous year.
Other marine species propagated included pollock at Gloucester,
haddock at Boothbay Harbor, and mackerel and sea bass at Woods
Hole.
In view of the steady decline in the shad fishery in rivers tributary
to the Atlantic for the past fifteen years, it is gratifying to be able
to record an increased egg collection of this species and a correspond¬
ing increase in the output of fry. The results are attributable partly
to recently enacted legislation regulating the methods of fishing in
the Albemarle Sound and partly to an exceedingly early spring,
which started the run of fish in the Potopiac River before the pound
nets could be equipped, each factor permitting a larger number of
fish than usual to ascend to the spawning grounds.
On the Susquehanna River, at one time the Bureau’s most produc¬
tive field, there was no improvement over recent years, emphasizing
anew the destructive influences of unregulated fisheries and the neces¬
sity for concerted action by the States concerned if any practical
results are to be obtained in the rehabilitation of this important
fishery.
White and yellow perch were again produced in considerable
numbers at the station on the Susquehanna River, and on the Potomac
River the output of yellow perch exceeded all previous records, due to
the enlargement of facilities for propagating the species.
Owing to the passage of a state law prohibiting the capture of
striped bass by commercial fishermen during the spawning season,
the Bureau was unable to secure eggs of this species at its California
station in 1909, and as this law remains in force no attempt was
made to conduct operations in 1910. The prospects are good for
effective work with the striped bass in this field, and its propagation
will be resumed in the event of a change in the law.
As in previous years, most of the brook-trout eggs handled at
the fisheries stations are purchased from dealers, this course having
proved more economical in most sections of the country than reliance
upon collections from waters available for the purpose. At present
only two stations — one in New England and one in Colorado —
obtain their supplies of eggs from wild fish, and the fields heretofore
10
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
open to them are narrowing each year because of the encroachments
of commercial fish culturists. In 1910 Wellington Lake and the
Grand Mesa Lakes, heretofore the most productive sources of the
Colorado station for eggs of the blackspotted, brook, and rainbow
trout, had to be given up to private enterprise.
The Bureau having been requested to undertake the propagation
of the blackspotted trout on the Truckee River with the view of re¬
plenishing the stock, depleted through excessive fishing, a field station
was established at Derby Dam, Nevada, in the winter of 1909-10. In
a normal season several millions of eggs might have been obtained,
but owing to low water in the river and the destruction of large num¬
bers of eggs by market fishermen the collections amounted to only
1,371,900. These were hatched without unusual losses and the fry
deposited in the river. It seems advisable to continue operations
here next season, as it is apparently a promising field for fish-cultural
work.
Investigation of the streams in Yellowstone Park demonstrates
the possibility of greatly extending operations with the black-spotted
trout, and it is intended to increase the force of experienced men in
this field with the view of making it a source of supply for the Lead-
ville, Spearfish, and Bozeman stations. The work in the park during
the past season was entirely satisfactory.
Taken as a whole, the output of the basses, sunfish, and catfish
from stations in various parts of the country was good, the improved
results being largely due to increased knowledge of the factors
governing the successful propagation of these species. The produc¬
tion of pond stations was supplemented by the collections on the
Mississippi and Illinois rivers, where, in addition to securing suffi¬
cient bass and allied species for restocking many depleted waters,
large numbers of other fishes were seined from shallow sloughs
formed by the floods and returned to the main streams. If not re¬
moved, the fish would perish from drought or cold, and their rescue
conserves a valuable local food resource. A new station established
at Helena, Ark., late in the summer rescued over half a million fish.
With the view of extending rescue operations over a larger ter¬
ritory, temporary collecting stations have been located at Caruthers-
ville, Mo., and Rosedale, Miss., which will be made permanent auxil¬
iary stations if experience proves favorable. It is believed that
similar inexpensive stations can be advantageously established at
various points on the Mississippi River from New Orleans to St.
Paul, as the field for this work is extensive and the number of fish
that can be economically reclaimed from the drying sloughs and
lakes is governed only by the amount of money available for the
purpose.
Although the propagation and general distribution of carp was dis¬
continued many years ago, the Bureau constantly receives applica-
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
11
tions for this fish, and in instances where the waters described are
unsuited to other species the requests are complied with by transfer¬
ring carp from other waters. In this connection it may be interest¬
ing to quote from the census records that in 1903 the total catch of
carp in the United States was 18,942,763 pounds, valued at $442,255,
and in 1908 the total catch was 42,763,100 pounds, valued at $1,135,390.
NEW STATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
Under authority of the act providing for two or more new fish-
cultural stations on Puget Sound or its tributaries, a careful investi¬
gation has been made and two suitable sites decided on. As soon as
title can be obtained construction will begin.
At Holden, Vt., 24.3 acres of land were acquired for an auxiliary
to the station at St. Johnsbury, the facilities of which were too lim¬
ited for the requirements of northern New England.
The opportunities for fish-cultural and biological work in the val¬
ley of the upper Mississippi prompted Congress to authorize a station
auxiliary to that at Fairport, Iowa, but to be more particularly
devoted to propagation and the saving of fishes from overflowed lands.
A site of about 31 acres was purchased at Homer, Minn., about 5 miles
from Winona, and a pumping plant and ponds are now nearly com¬
pleted and other buildings begun. The station will be ready for oper¬
ation at an early date.
Results in the past having warranted the extension of the station
at Mammoth Spring, Ark., 10.5 additional acres have been purchased
there for the construction of several large ponds, which will soon be
ready for use.
At the Fairport, Iowa, biological station much work in grading,
construction of roads, and laying out ponds was done. A building 20
by 50 feet, with pebble-dash finish, containing an office, storage room,
and small laboratory equipped for experimental work in fresh-water
mussel culture, was practically completed during the year. A pump¬
ing plant consisting of two gasoline engines and two centrifugal
pumps was installed in a small frame building 20 by 30 feet constructed
for that purpose. Eleven cement ponds (4 small ones, G of medium
size, and 1 large one) were also constructed for practical experiments
in mussel propagation.
Improvements provided for by special appropriations were made
at many of the stations. At Bozeman, Mont., cement hatching
troughs were installed in place of wooden ones, in accordance with
modern practice, and are giving excellent results. At Boothbay
Harbor, Me., a coal house was built, the wharf extended and
altered, and the dams at the lobster pound completed. At Erwin,
Tenn., a newT hatchery was built on modern plans, the old one hav-
12 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
ing become badly dilapidated and beyond repair. The new build¬
ing is a frame structure 32 by 72 feet on a concrete foundation, and
contains besides the hatching room, equipped with cement troughs,
an office and workrooms. The water-supply and drainage systems
have also been improved and extended, and to a considerable degree
built in concrete. At Duluth, Minn., a dwelling for the superin¬
tendent has been erected which is in harmony with the surrounding
private structures of the city and adds to the efficiency and appearance
of the reservation. It is a two-story frame structure 32 by 36 feet,
containing 7 rooms and basement, with the necessary office facilities.
At Greenlake, Me., the new road has been completed, facilitating
the distribution of fish and eggs, shortening materially the distance
over which it is necessary to haul supplies, and doing away in great
part with unreliable boat transportation. At Neosho, Mo., the new
pipe line providing an extra supply of water has been completed and
connected with the hatchery and ponds in approved manner, and the
woodwork about the ponds has been replaced by concrete. It is be¬
lieved there will be no further trouble with the water supply at this
point for many years to come.
At Leadville, Afognak, Yes Bay, and the Pribilof Islands no
expenditures of importance have been made for account of special
appropriations.
The plans and specifications for the constructions described have
been prepared in the office of the Bureau’s architect and engineer
and the work planned and supervised by him. In addition, various
surveys have been made and plotted, and maps and charts of a special
nature prepared.
For fish-cultural work on Lake Erie, in connection with the Put¬
in-Bay station and to take the place of a boat obsolete and worn out,
there was built a steel steamboat of the lake tug type 85 feet long,
16 feet beam, and 8 feet 6 inches in depth. The vessel is equipped
for the special requirements, has machinery and appliances of ap¬
proved design, and it is expected will be a valuable addition to the
facilities of the Bureau.
ACCLIMATIZATION AND RESULTS OF FISH CULTURE.
After nearly forty years of endeavor to establish the chinook
salmon of the Pacific coast in waters of the United States where it is
not indigenous, conclusive evidence of success in one instance has come
to hand. Within the past j^ear it has been ascertained that the species
has become established in Lake Sunapee, New Hampshire, where
numerous specimens from 3 to 5 pounds in weight have been taken
by anglers. This is undoubtedly the result of a plant made in 1904
by the New Hampshire fish commission, the eggs having been sup¬
plied from the Bureau’s hatchery at Baird, Cal. Encouraged by the
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
13
outcome of this experiment, the Bureau made a plant of 40,000 finger-
ling chinook salmon in Lake Champlain in the spring of 1010.
There unquestionably has been an increase in Atlantic salmon in the
Penobscot River, as evidenced by the results of the Bureau’s opera¬
tions in 1910 compared with 1908 and 1909. Though receiving the
catch of a smaller number of weirs the past season, the collection of
spawning fish was twice as great as in 1909 and 60 per cent greater
than in 1908.
It is believed that owing to the planting of the species by the
Bureau pike perch have become sufficiently abundant in the St. Law¬
rence River to warrant the collection of eggs at the Cape Vincent
station, and plans will be made accordingly. The fishermen on Lake
Ontario report that lake trout and whitefish, which have been planted
extensively by the Bureau, are increasing rapidly, and that numbers
of fishermen who were driven to other pursuits by the former deple¬
tion of the fishery are resuming operations. In 1908 the catch of
these two species was 5,567 pounds, while in 1909 it increased to
12,532 pounds. A corresponding increase is shown in the take of
pike perch in this lake.
The following statistics show the increasing catch of the striped-
bass fishery in California, the species having first been introduced
from the Atlantic coast into the waters of that State in 1879:
Year.
Pounds.
Value,
Year.
Pounds.
Value.
1889. . . .
1890. . . .
1891 . . . .
10,290
20,119
_ 30, 074
$4,073
4,021
4, 002
0, 488
1893 .
1899 .
1904 .
252, 454
1,234,320
1,570,404
1,775,700
$13,037
01,814
92,110
134, 060
1892. . . .
SO; 209
1908 .
For a series of years it has been the custom at the Baird, Cal.,
station to select for spawning purposes large fish only, a practice
which appears to be developing a larger breed of fish. Chinook
salmon of the run of 1909 averaged 20 pounds in weight, an increase
of about 3 pounds over the previous run. The possibilities of selective
breeding are indicated by this experience.
FISH-CULTURAL RELATIONS WITH STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
Several States still continue in force certain laws and regulations
in respect to the fisheries which tend to curtail and hamper the activi¬
ties of the Bureau. In <$ome cases the States show a willingness to
mitigate as far as possible the effects of laws which inadvertently
interfere with the Bureau’s work, but in one or two instances the
legislative and executive attitude appears to be unreasonable if not
hostile.
With the States in general the relations of the Bureau have always
been harmonious, and a system of cooperation has developed which
59395°- -11 - 2
14
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
has been mutually beneficial to the participants and advantageous to
the public. Eggs taken and fertilized at the Bureau’s stations are
transferred to the state fish commissions, by which they are hatched
and planted. The Bureau’s expenses and difficulties in distribution
are thereby reduced and simplified, and the superior local knowledge
usually at the service of the state authorities is of value in indicating
the most suitable localities in which to plant the fry. On Lake Erie
the Ohio and Pennsylvania fishery authorities cooperated with the
Bureau in the collection of eggs of the whitefish, lake cisco, and pike
perch.
As shown in the following table, the fish eggs allotted to the state
commissions during 1910 aggregated over 443,000,000 and were sent
into 17 States:
Allotment of Fish Eggs to State Fish Commissions, Fiscal Year ended
.June 30. 1910.“
State and species.
Eggs.
State and species.
Eggs.
California:
28, 764, 467
New York:
50, 000
Colorado:
Rainbow trout .
41 i 500
225, 000
15,000
15, 000, 000
Connecticut:
White perch .
Yellow perch .
5, 200, 000
North Dakota:
Illinois:
Steelhead trout .
100,000
500,000
4, 000, 000
10,000,000
Whitefish . . .
Ohio:
8,000,000
41,264
18,000.000
170, 725, 000
Michigan:
Oregon:
20, 000
6, 465, 300
175, 000
5, 000, 000
Pike perch .
34, 280, 000
Pennsylvania:
Missouri:
Silver salmon .
75,000
100, 000
50, 000
25,000
2,000,000
550,000
500,000
31, 428| 000
96,000,000
50,000
100,000
Pike perch .
Montana:
Blackspotted trout .
Washington:
Nevada:
Wisconsin:
Blackspotted trout .
422,000
4,500,000
New Hampshire:
Wyoming:
100,000
075, 000
443,177,531
Total .
0 Also there were allotted to Michigan 3,500 lake trout, to Oregon 45 blackspotted
trout, and to Wisconsin 3,880 lake trout, or a total of 7,425 tingerlings, yearlings, and
adults.
In response to requests coming through diplomatic channels the
Bureau furnished eggs to the governments of foreign countries as
follows :
Country and species.
Eggs.
Argentina:
Chinook salmon .
200, 000
100, 000
100, 000
25,000
50,000
Silver salmon .
Landlocked salmon .
Lake trout .
Country and species.
Eggs.
France:
Blackspotted trout .
10,000
Japan:
Rainbow trout. . . .'.
110,000
Brook trout .
5,000
Total .
•00,000
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
15
BIOLOGICAL INQUIRIES AND EXPERIMENTS.
OYSTER INVESTIGATIONS AND SURVEYS.
The field work of the survey of the public oyster beds of James
River, Virginia, which was undertaken at the request of the governor
and the fish commissioner of Virginia, was brought to a conclusion
on September 15, the charts and report were finished on November 30,
and the printed report was issued about February 1. This survey
was designed to furnish definite data concerning the location, extent,
and condition of the public grounds in the James and Nansemond
rivers above Newport News and to provide a foundation for needed
legislation by the State. The present boundary lines are based on
the survey of 1892-1894, and their justice has long been a matter of
contention, the oystermen claiming that much productive bottom was
omitted from the public grounds, and the planters contending that
a large area of barren bottom was included. The present survey
could not demonstrate the validity of the first claim, as such bottoms,
if they existed, have been long since occupied for planting purposes,
but it was shown that about 58 per cent of the present area of the
grounds consists of barren bottom and an additional 15 per cent
bears oysters too sparsely scattered to be commercially valuable. Of
the 26,408.4 acres surveyed, but 7,153 acres can be regarded as actually
productive. It was found also that in certain places oyster planters
have encroached on the public rocks, and it was evident that in other
places adjoining the planted beds the rocks had been depleted by
illicit operations.
To release from the public grounds and throw open to rental a
considerable area of the barren bottom and to rectify the boundary
lines so as to permit adequate policing, the state fish commissioner
had an enabling act introduced in the legislature at its latest session.
To attain the ends sought, it unfortunately was necessary to exclude
from the public grounds a small proportion of the productive bot¬
tom, and as the legislature held that this was in contravention of a
' constitutional provision relating to the oyster beds, the proposed
law failed of passage.
At the request of the governor of Delaware, acting in his capacity
as chairman of the Delaware Oyster Survey Commission, the Bureau,
at the close of the fiscal year, was engaged in a survey of the natural
oyster beds of Delaware, the State defraying part of the expenses for
necessary temporary assistance. As in the case of the James River
survey, the steamer Fish Hawk was detailed for the service, and a
considerable part of the work was performed by her personnel.
•The authorities of Alabama and Mississippi have also requested
assistance and advice in connection with the management of oyster
16
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
bottoms, and a preliminary inquiry has been made to determine the
most profitable and practicable assistance feasible with the resources
available to the Bureau.
Cooperation with the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Mary¬
land Shell Fish Commission in the survey of the oyster beds of Mary¬
land, pursuant to an act of Congress, has been continued, and the
field work will be completed early in the next fiscal year. It is be¬
lieved that the Bureau will have discharged all of its obligations in
this connection prior to the end of the fiscal year 1911.
The experiments in the fattening of oysters at Lynnhaven Bay,
Virginia, have produced better results than for several years past.
During a period when practically no fat oysters could be obtained
from the open waters of the bay the experimental claire was regularly
producing oysters of very fine quality. In this connection the Bu¬
reau is conducting investigations of the food and feeding of oysters
which have already developed some unexpected results, throwing
light on practical problems confronting the oyster grower. Some
minor modifications of the claire were made near the end of the fiscal
year, and it is hoped that it will be possible to fatten oysters earlier
in the season than has been possible heretofore.
PEARL-MUSSEL INVESTIGATIONS.
The Bureau has continued its investigations of the pearl-mussel
beds of the Mississippi Valley, the material depletion of which has
seriously threatened the prosperity of an important industry of that
region. With the aid of persons connected with various educational
institutions of the States principally interested, field parties were
established for the examination of various streams in Virgina, West
Virginia, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas,
Missouri, and Oklahoma. The habits, distribution, abundance, and
commercial availability of the mussels found in the several localities
were studied with the view of opening new sources of supply for the
manufacturers of pearl buttons and for the purpose of laying, a foun¬
dation for the protection, conservation, and improvement of the'
existing beds.
Owing to the severity of the weather during the winter, progress
in the erection of the biological station at Fairport, Iowa, authorized
by Congress near the close of the preceding fiscal year, was less rapid
than was desired, but on the improvement of conditions in the spring
construction work went on more rapidly, and at the close of the fiscal
year mussel-propagating operations were being conducted on a scale
promising to yield some practical results. As Avas pointed out in the
preceding report of the Bureau, this station is designed for the study
of problems relating to the general fisheries and aquatic biology of
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
17
the Mississippi Valley, but particularly for the cultivation of the
mussels employed as raw material in the pearl-button industry, a
manufacturing interest giving employment to a large number of
persons.
Progress has also been made in the construction of the substation
at Homer, Minn., which recent investigations show can be employed
for various economic purposes connected with the fisheries, in addi¬
tion to mussel culture.
EXPERIMENTS IN SPONGE CULTURE.
Although the experiments in growing sponges from artificial cut¬
tings have already developed what the Bureau regards as a prac¬
tical system of sponge culture, work is still being carried on with
the purpose of improving the methods and testing the effects of
different environments on the rate and character of sponge growth.
The sponges grown in Cape Florida Channel, which, as reported
last year, attained an average weight of 1.25 ounces each at the end
of twenty-nine months, were found to average 2 ounces ten months
later, some of the largest specimens weighing from 3 to 6 ounces
each when thoroughly cleaned and dry. The same disparity in the
rate of growth of different specimens observed in other localities
was found to occur in this place, while at Soldier Key, about 7 miles
distant, where the conditions appear to be equally favorable, growth
was very slow.
STUDY OF FISH DISEASES.
During the fiscal year the Bureau has continued cooperation with
the New York State Cancer Laboratory in the investigation of thy¬
roid tumor or cancer in domesticated fishes. An aquarium with
two independent systems of closed- water circulation, with proper
means of refrigeration, has been established for the observation of
salmon and trout and experiments in inoculation and treatment.
Investigation at various stations of the Bureau and at other hatch¬
eries have shown that the disease is even more widespread and gen¬
eral than was suspected. Considerable difficulty has been encoun¬
tered in obtaining for purposes of experiment a sufficient number
of fish above suspicion of infection, and it has been necessary in this
effort to secure a quantity of wild trout from remote streams. Owing
to the technical difficulties attending this work, which are equal
to those -retarding the advance of knowledge relating to the cause
and nature of cancer in human beings, progress is made only by
slow and painstaking steps and by the use of the most approved
appliances and methods. For this reason it is highly important
that the Bureau should be provided with a well-equipped laboratory
18 REPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
and experimental hatchery, not only for the purposes of the present
investigation but for the study of the many other diseases affecting
fishes, both under domestication and in a state of nature. The Presi¬
dent, in a special message to Congress dated April 9, 1910, urgently
recommended an appropriation for this purpose.
During the year the Bureau was called on to investigate epidemics
among hatchery fish at Spruce Creek, Pa., and Roxbury, Vt. At the
former place the mortality was due in part to the thyroid tumor or
cancer before alluded to, but the majority of the deaths were appar¬
ently caused by a bacterial infection which the Bureau has found at
other places, but which it has not the facilities to study at present. At
Koxbury the disease is also infectious and annually causes large
losses. The Bureau has likewise made investigations in Pennsylvania,
Ohio, and West Virginia upon the kindred subject of the pollution of
streams in its relation to fishes and the fisheries.
OTHER INQUIRIES AND EXPERIMENTS.
The investigations of the Pacific coast salmons have materially
advanced knowledge of the subjects during the year, particularly in
respect to parasitism and the changes in the tissues affecting the food
value of the fish at and near the breeding season, and in regard to
the relationship of the steelhead trout and rainbow trout.
In connection with the State Geological and Natural History Sur¬
vey, the Bureau has continued examination of lakes in Wisconsin, with
particular regard to the gaseous content of their waters. The rela¬
tionship of this subject to practical fish culture is highly important,
and the data so far obtained have thrown light on certain failures in
the acclimatization of fishes, the causes of which have been obscure.
The study of the physical environment and habits of the salmon, smelt,
and other fishes of Sebago Lake, Maine, w^ere continued, and in
response to a request a somewhat similar line of research was under¬
taken in Sunapee Lake, New Hampshire. In the latter locality there
is a considerable fishery for smelts as they ascend the streams to
spawn, and it was learned that young chinook salmon planted imthe
brooks were taken with the smelts.
The survey of the fishing grounds and investigation of the aquatic
resources of the Philippine Islands, in which the steamer Albatross
has been employed since the autumn of 1907, was brought to a con¬
clusion in October, 1909. The vessel returned to San Francisco on
May 4, 1910. The Philippine expedition has yielded extensive col¬
lections and a large amount of information relating to the fisheries
and fishery resources, and the material is now in course of study
for the preparation of comprehensive reports on the scientific and
economic results.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
19
MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES.
The marine biological laboratories maintained by the Bureau at
Woods Hole, Mass., and Beaufort, N. C., were open as usual for
several months during the summer and fall, and their facilities were
availed of by the usual number of investigators. The researches
carried on covered a considerable range of subjects and embraced
investigations of a number of species of economic importance, includ¬
ing the diamond-back terrapin, fishes, stone crab, quahog or hard
clam, oysters, mussels, and seaweeds. The year witnessed the com¬
pletion of an elaborate report by the. director of Woods Hole labora¬
tory on the marine biology of the waters adjacent to the station,
embodying the results of investigations carried on for many years.
ALASKA SALMON SERVICE.
The report of the agents at the salmon fisheries of Alaska, which
was published in April, 1910, includes the data for the fishing season
of 1909, practically all of which was embraced in the fiscal year 1910.
The number of salmon taken during the season was about equal to
the catch of 1907, but fully *20 per cent less than the number caught
in 1908. In 1909 there were taken 34,692,608 fish of a gross weight
of 175,028,594 pounds, as compared with 43,304,979 fish weighing
213,378,570 pounds caught in 1908. The decrease was apparent in
all species excepting the king salmon, which exhibited an increase
of about 55 per cent. The catch of red salmon was 115,120,670
pounds, as compared with 124,713,630 pounds in 1908; of humpbacks,
37,965,928 pounds, as compared with 60,424,620 pounds; of dog
salmon, 9,456,048 pounds, as compared with 18,066,576 pounds; of
king salmon, 8,959,544 pounds, as compared with 5,757,246 pounds;
and of cohos, 3,526,404 pounds, as compared with 4,416,498 pounds.
The total pack of canned salmon in 1909 was 2,403,669 cases, valued
at $9,439,152. There were 45 canneries in operation, a decrease of 5
since 1908, and the total investment in the industry, excluding cash
capital, was $8,631,345. In addition to the canned pack, the fishery
produced pickled salmon to the value of $208,758, mild-cured salmon
valued at $149,300, and some minor products.
The total yield of the salmon industry was valued at $9,796,210,
produced by an investment of $9,007,037 and the labor of 11,439
persons.
Owing to the vigilant enforcement of the laws by the agents of the
Bureau during the preceding year, there were comparatively few
coiliplaints of violations during 1909. Several convictions were
obtained for fishing during the weekly close season, but those engaged
in the fishery showed a general desire to comply with the laws and
the regulations of the Department. The pernicious practice of
20 REPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
“ jigging ” for salmon, which results in the cruel mutilation of fish
which afterwards escape and die, has been stopped, and prohibition
has been placed on the tourists’ practice of catching in their hands the
nutritively useless but reproductively valuable spawning fish strug¬
gling up the falls and rapids.
The effort to prevent the waste of edible portions of salmons, the
choice parts of which have been pickled under former practices, has
been successful, the salteries now pickling the entire fish or utilizing-
in other ways the edible parts formerly thrown away.
The statistics relating to the operations of the government and
private fish hatcheries in Alaska will not be available until the return
of the agents from the Territory.
The counting of the salmon passing into Wood River, which was
begun in the preceding year, was continued during the run of 1909.
The spawning fish numbered but 898,000, as compared with 2,000,000
in 1908, and the catch of fish in Nushagak Bay, to which Wood River
is a tributary, was but 4,900,000, as compared with 6,400,000 in the
year before. It is estimated that between 6,200,000 and 7,400,000
fish entered the Nushagak basin, and that between 20 and 35 per cent
escaped to the spawning grounds, as compared with a total run of
between 10,100,000 and 13,600,000 fish and an escape of between 37
and 53 per cent in 1908. From the valuable but still insufficient
data so far obtained it appears that for every salmon reaching the
spawning grounds from two to five return several years later, and
that of these from one to four may be taken without impairing the
fishery. These are highly probable extremes, and the present rate of
reproductive increase is between the two.
In the minor fisheries of Alaska cod were taken to the value of
$118,821 and halibut worth $195,529. There were employed in these
fisheries fixed capital to the value of $503,837 and 548 persons. In
addition there is a fleet of vessels from California and Washington
fishing in Alaskan waters, the data for which are not included in the
above.
The Bureau is making an effort to stop the use of food fishes for
fertilizer and to stimulate the utilization of scraps and waste fishes
for that purpose. This is not only in the interest of economy of con¬
sumption, but to prevent the pollution of waters through the dis¬
charge of putrescent wastes. It therefore recommends the enactment
of laws prohibiting the manufacture of fertilizer from food fishes
and the extension of the antipollution act of March 3, 1899, in such
manner as to protect the fisheries of Alaska.
Suitable vessels for the use of the salmon-inspection service are
urgently required, and provision should be made by law for the regu¬
lation and limitation of the future establishment of plants for
utilizing salmon.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 21
Attention is again called to the fact that the personnel of the
Alaska salmon service is entirely inadequate to a proper enforcement
of the laws and regulations and the carrying on of investigations
essential to a proper and intelligent administration of these important
fisheries. Several additional scientific assistants are urgently needed
in this service.
ALASKA FUR-SEAL SERVICE.
Ity an act of Congress approved April 21, 1910, that portion of the
previous law requiring the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to
lease the privilege of killing seals, on the Pribilof Islands was re¬
pealed, and as the lease of the North American Commercial Company
expired by limitation on April 30, 1910, the Bureau, under the direc¬
tion of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, assumed the entire
administration of the islands, including the functions and obligations
previously imposed on the lessees. The present duties of the Bureau
on the islands therefore embrace all matters whatsoever relating to
the seal herd and the care, education, and welfare of the native
population.
Owing to the abuses connected with pelagic sealing mentioned in
the preceding report of the Bureau, the condition of the seal herd is
more precarious than at any previous period of its known history,
and the utmost care must be exercised to save it from commercial
extinction. In anticipation of the expiration of the lease recently in
force ahd in view of the advisability of a change in the methods of
administering the islands, the Bureau called a meeting of the advisory
board mentioned in the last report, which, together with the em¬
ployees of the Bureau, embraces practically all of the available natur¬
alists and officials whose experience on the islands qualifies them to
pass in judgment upon the present requirements of the seal herd.
The Bureau has based its policy in respect to the islands upon the
unanimous advice and recommendations of the parties to this con¬
ference.
The preponderance of the pelagic kill on the high seas, which is
beyond the Bureau’s control, consists of mature cow seals, and for
reasons that are recognized by those having knowledge of the habits
of the fur seal the killing of a limited number of the excess of im¬
mature males has been deemed advisable. No definite quota has been
fixed, but the number is to be determined by the agents on the islands
governed by certain rigid limitations as to age, sex, size, and the min¬
imum number to be reserved for future breeding. The breeding-
reserve is to be selected, as far as possible, from the most vigorous
and perfect individuals, with a view to the gradual improvement of
the herd.
22 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
Under the provisions of the act of April 21, 1910. the Secretary of
Commerce and Labor is charged with all matters pertaining to the
care and preservation of all the fur-bearing animals of Alaska . Under
this authority the Bureau has drawn regulations relating to the killing
or capture in Alaska of certain fur-bearing animals other than seals,
and said regulations, having been signed and promulgated by the
Secretary of Commerce and Labor, are now effective in the Territory.
For the purpose of putting into effect the provisions of the act
above referred to, the sum of $150,000 was appropriated. The imme¬
diately necessary additional employees required by the enlargement
of the Bureau’s functions on the islands have been appointed. The
Bureau, under authority of the law and by direction of the Secretary
of Commerce and Labor, has entered into negotiations for the pur¬
chase of the buildings, boats, and other property of the North Ameri¬
can Commercial Company on the islands. The company has placed
an apparently reasonable valuation on its property, and the proposi¬
tion is under consideration subject to the results of an inventory now
being made by an agent of the Bureau on the islands.
The data relating to the killing and the condition of the seal herds
to July 31, 1909, were published in the preceding report of the Bu¬
reau. Those for the season of 1910 are not available at the time of
writing the present report, and in any event are more strictly ger¬
mane to the succeeding fiscal year.
THE FISHERY INDUSTRIES.
STATISTICS AND METHODS OF THE FISHERIES.
The commercial fisheries of the United States, including the various
fishery industries dependent upon them, represent an investment of
about .$95,000,000, and the value of the products derived from the
fisheries proper is about $62,000,000. With the exception of the
mackerel and some other fisheries that for a number of years have
not been as extensive as formerly, all of -the more important branches
of the industry are in a prosperous condition. The catch of mackerel
during the past year was smaller than in the previous year, amount¬
ing to 46,439 barrels fresh and 17,542 barrels salted in 1909, against
57,566 barrels fresh and 21,267 barrels salted in 1908. The spring
fishery in 1910 was poorer than for a number of years past, the catch
up to July 1 being only 16,410 barrels of fresh mackerel and only
2,490 barrels of salted mackerel. It was an exceptionally unfavorable
season for the seiners, as they took only about 2,200 barrels of the
total catch of fresh mackerel, the remainder being caught by the gill-
net fishermen. The fish were larger than usual, many of them weigh¬
ing from 3 to 4 pounds each, but the greater portion from 2 to 3
pounds each. The fleet numbered about 50 seiners and 125 netters.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
23
Prices were good and some of the netters made large stocks. The
first mackerel of the season were landed on April 8, at Fort Mon¬
roe, Va., the fare consisting of 1,200 fish weighing 2^ pounds each.
The seiners reported seeing a good body of fish off the southern coast,
but they were wild and could not be caught with seines. Of the fresh
mackerel landed, 1,000 barrels were caught on Nantucket Shoals
and the remainder mostly off the coast of New Jersey and in the
vicinity of Block Island. The salted mackerel were all from the
Cape Shore, and were all large fish. The light catch so far during
the season on the Cape Shore is attributed to the fact that the fish
passed along the coast far offshore outside of the fleet.
The investigation of tl^e fisheries of the Philippine Islands was
completed before the close of the year, and the statistics and other
information relating to the commercial fisheries are being compiled.
A canvass of the salmon fisheries of the Pacific coast has also been
made and the returns will be published at an early date.
In the spring of 1910 a beginning was made in the collection of
comprehensive statistics of the oyster fishery. This is the greatest
single national fishery in the world, and of itself yields a more valu¬
able product than that derived from the entire fisheries of many
important maritime countries. The work is demanded in the in¬
terests of the trade and for enlightened legislative regulation of the
fishery. A canvass of the shad fisheries of the South Atlantic States
was begun at the same time, and both inquiries were in progress at
the close of the year.
The usual information was collected by the local agents at Boston
and Gloucester, Mass., as to the quantity and value of fishery prod¬
ucts landed at those ports by American fishing vessels during the
year. The investigation of the movements of mackerel was con¬
cluded, and an inquiry was made regarding the condition of the shad
and alewife fisheries of Chesapeake Bay and tributaries, and the
fisheries of Mississippi.
The statistics collected by the local agents at Boston and Glouces¬
ter, Mass., of the extensive vessel fisheries at those ports have been
published as monthly bulletins and distributed to the trade in various
parts of the country, and also as annual bulletins giving the quantity
and value of fishery products landed by American fishing vessels by
months and by fishing grounds for the calendar year. The number
of trips landed at these ports in 1909 was 6,306, aggregating 173,-
102,224 pounds of fish, valued at $4,616,444. Compared with the
previous year the receipts have decreased 8,363,023 pounds in
quantity and $12,981 in value. There was a decrease in the catch of
cusk, hake, and mackerel, but an increase in that of cod, pollock, and
halibut. The statistics are given in detail on the following pages.
and Values of Certain Fishery Products Landed at Boston and Gloucester, Mass., by American Fishing Vessels during
24
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
I j
IgSj'SS'SSSSSSSS
llilllllii
m" i1’ « rt in N re M « <N
§§3i33§8s883
°~fq'v § 3:2k $3 s'*
SlsSSliilsss
«o »-f od 00 of r-f of rjT lO of
§§i§i§iim§
mmmms
ii
<n-t
SS
as
i
§111
Si8®‘
S2§8
llal
■“Ss'S'*-'
.1
^ :
38*88S358SSS
Is
<N<N
I§33i§§3§5a8
- « a 55 sf s 2 s-
Is
88“
’Sjfeo'N^'eo'rtrt Ncfefeo
a!685Ss33SaS
CCINHCO'hH t-»
gS88
"Vs's
^llllilllllll
isisaaiasasa
s' s a I s' s' § s' S' s' s' s'
IIII
8§iS
Ofr-H CO
sisiisiigsia
sef®',*'&' ss| srfs's'
§S
SSSS|2||||gS|
32
m
8*
ia§g s
! g s' 8 2 3 S g g g“ g S' S'
IlsSslisilll
.o » g-f ef J3 o g o ej ocf
1111
sWi
ȤIISIIilll88
rH rl C* rt t-MM CO <N<N oT i-T -H
ilsggggllSISg
§3bI5bSk'B¥sS
rH I-Tco of r-T
jells
siii
ssss
ai§aaa§iii§!
:3SSS|||gSgS
|iif
li 1 §
II:
\l*
3<;s
li
s*l
*o®!
■s-s
«o
33
<£oZi
Pollock.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
|*S§
IISS
«oT
isliigs
SSSSSiS
SS8gS>‘-
2!
g
II
g
§S§!§§l!lsg£B
g gVtjVHHoTNgN ««
g-Slsliilss
a’‘a‘as83sa“®r-"®eo'‘
slss
S*S8
88I8S1S1IS8I
ssSsSllslllg
^liSSWsss
3111
ISIS
CO <N
1
P**IS3SSSSS
Si
-T«
!glilsssl2ls
«oo«cog2S^SSg§
SI
§¥
*!3§§Sggi!!si
^ gfflNVrfM 00 jSV 030
iiasiiigigis
IO of of 00 r-T
SsSI
«I1II!III!1I1
mmmmu
§§§i!i!§i§ls
ttsmpm*
sin
K002gt~82§|£§g
II il
giigllllllll
tp to' loo'oQot'T^rei'
§2
SS
ssSlilsSillll
|SSS222°22SgS§S
arsssiassss
HMH MH
1188
'"85s"
ISiisisEsfsii
83SSgliS«iSi
S 2 ~ ? g g 3'ggfs 2 2
Ol CO CO Ol Ol
-f of T-
SS§8
8811
S9V“
I ji
Hils
ijl
!ia&(
I
S-gS
£'£.22
ss!|
o 0 0-2
w£
•sts
25
Quantities and Values op Certain Fishery Products Landed at Boston and Gloucester, Mass., by American Fishing Vessels during
1909, by Months — Continued.
a Includes herring from Newfoundland (4,296,250 pounds frozen, $113,535, and 9,029,756 pounds salted, $160,529).
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
27
More than (50 per cent of the quantity and nearly the same propor¬
tion of the value of the • fishery products landed at Boston and
Gloucester by the American fishing fleet during the year were caught
on fishing grounds lying off the coast of the United States. A little
over 28 per cent of the catch was from banks off the coast of the
Canadian Provinces and 11.25 per cent from grounds off the coast of
Newfoundland. The Newfoundland herring fishery furnished less
than 8 per cent of the fishery products landed at these ports. The
quantity and value of the catch from each of these fishing regions are
given bv species in the following table :
Quantity and Value of Fish Landed by American Fishing Vessels at
Boston and Gloucester. Mass., in 1909, from Grounds off the Coasts of
the United States, Newfoundland, and Canadian Provinces.
Species.
United States.
Newfoundland.
Canadian Provinces.
Total.
Cod:
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Fresh .
28,031.010
S765, 402
88,810
81,492
10, 470,311
$188,253
38, 590, 131
$955, 147
Salted .
Cusk:
4,158,127
137, 120
3,828,665
113,087
24, 757, 580
753,446
32,744,372
1,003,653
2, 608, 626
105, 627
41.022
7,660
7,690
123
531,652
72,218
8,746
3, 147, 938
185, 535
49, 891
4,037
Salted .
Haddock:
2,637
191
1,809
37,345,145
907,965
1,885
5,055,621
226,940
115,054
2,291
42, 400, 766
424, 603
1,023,019
4,289
Salted .
Hake:
186, 428
11,235
113
12, 668, 503
25. 176
186, 176
252
11,278
10,947
70
483,460
77, 201
7,572
789
13,163,241
113,324
193,818
1,173
Salted .
132
Pollock:
•
12,355, 229
373,869
145.111
100
1
147,262
970,156
1,951
11,369
12,502,591
1,380,645
147,063
15,541
Salted .
Halibut:
3,805
36,620
367
418, 691
4, 460
38, 530
308
1 , 349, 221
94,603
63, 004
1,820,723
52, 164
136,873
3,159
3, 588, 635
860, 113
270,006
66, 471
Salted .
Mackerel:
803,489
2,461,000
794,400
132, 707
55,250
1,660,060
2, 663, 500
91,230
156,901
4.121,060
3,457,900
223,937
212,151
Herrins;:
Fresh .
99, 600
85,800
1,651
1,481
4, 296, 250
9,029,756
113,535
25,000
162, 108
500
4,420,850
9,277,664
115,686
164,854
Salted .
Swordfish:
160, 529
2,844
1,626,520
157, 185
394
47
10,242
1,297
1,637,156
15S, 529
Other fish:
Fresh .
1,058,700
27,000
6,005
574
1,058,700
27,000
6,005
574
Total...
104,433,911
2,585,066
19,482,115
547,294
49, 186, 198
1,484,084
173,102,224
4, 016, 444
SHAD AND ALE WIFE FISHERIES.
The canvass relating to the methods, apparatus, extent, and con¬
dition of the shad and alewife fisheries of Chesapeake Bay and tribu¬
taries, which was begun in the spring of 1909, was completed before
the close of that year, the work being done by the steamer Fish Hawk
and field agents. The fishing apparatus used in the capture of shad
and alewives was located on charts, and statistics of the catch for
the season of 1909 were obtained. The fishing apparatus included
3,332 pound nets, 12,768 gill nets, and a considerable number of
seines, fyke nets, and other appliances. The catch consisted of
2,924.018 shad, having a value to the fishermen of $785,739, and
128,618,249 alewives, with a value of $284,039. The shad were sold
28
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
fresh, and the alewives were disposed of in both a fresh and salted
condition, the number salted being 16,827,000, valued at $74,419. The
shad catch has declined nearly 50 per cent in quantit}^ since 1897,
the number of shad taken that year in the Chesapeake and tribu¬
taries being 5,341,751. In 1901 the number had decreased to 3,000,544,
and in 1904 to 2,950,492. A still further decrease of 26,474 occurred
in the past year. This large falling off during these years is obvi¬
ously due to overfishing and to the fact that the large number of
pound nets and other apparatus operated prevent the anadromous
species from reaching their spawning grounds, thus seriously inter¬
fering with both natural and artificial propagation. In Virginia
in 1909 there were fished in these waters for shad and alewives 2,043
pound nets and 7,121 gill nets, and in Maryland 1,289 pound nets
and 5.620 gill nets, the remainder of the gill nets being in Pennsyl¬
vania and Delaware. The catch apportioned by States in 1909 was
as follows :
State.
Shad.
Alewives.
Virginia .
Number.
1,855, 446
1,000,827
60,045
7,700
Value.
$488,336
272,869
22,224
2,310
Number.
69, 469, 949
59,093,300
25, 000
30,000
Value.
§128,375
155, 499
75
90
Pennsylvania .
Delaware .
Total . ' .
2,924,018
785,739
128, 618, 249
284,039
INVESTIGATION OF THE MACKEREL FISHERY.
The mackerel investigation, which was begun in April, 1909, at the
request of the Board of Trade and Master Mariners’ Association of
Gloucester, Mass., representing many of the firms and vessel owners
interested in the mackerel fishery, was concluded in October of that
year, occupying a period of about six months. The schooner Grampus
was detailed for the work, and Capt. Jerry E. Cook, an experienced
mackerel fisherman of Gloucester, was in charge pf the inquiry. The
vessel was equipped with gill nets and lines for locating the fish and
with tow nets for use in detecting the presence of the minute crus¬
taceans which form the principal food of the mackerel. The object
of the inquiry was chiefly to determine the movements of the mack¬
erel, which usually make their first appearance on the American coast
in the spring off Cape Hatteras and gradually move northward to
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, to locate any bodies of mackerel that may
frequent grounds remote from those cruised over by the fishermen,
and also to assist the mackerel fishermen by furnishing them with
information as to the schools of mackerel seen and their location and
movements.
It is thought by some fishermen that the introduction of purse
seines and gill nets in the fishery, replacing hooks and lines and a
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
29
plentiful supply of toll bait, has had a tendency to disperse the
schools of mackerel and is partly responsible for the prevailing
scarcity of that species during the past twenty or more years. This
opinion, however, has not become sufficiently strong or general to lead
to any concerted action on the part of the vessel owners with a view
to abandoning the use of these forms of apparatus in the mackerel
fishery and returning to the former methods.
The Grampus sailed from Gloucester April 7 and proceeded south¬
ward to Lewes, Del., where she joined the seining fleet. On May 2
the vessel sailed from that port to begin the work of investigating
the movements of the mackerel. The first experiments were made on
that date in latitude 38° N. and longitude 74° 21' W. The work was
continued along the coast from this locality to Georges Bank until
the 1st of August, but chiefly on the southern grounds in order to
ascertain whether the mackerel remain there after making their first
appearance early in the spring or move northward. The fish were
not located there, however, after the early run in the spring, nor
were any of the usual signs of them, such as sea geese, red feed,
whales, etc., observed. The vessel worked over Georges Bank and
continued eastward over Browns Bank, and on August 5 anchored
at Sandy Point, Shelbourne, Nova Scotia. She sailed from there
on the 8th of August, and from Halifax on the 12th, reaching North
Sydney, Cape Breton, on the 15th. For the remainder of August
and during September the work was pursued in the Gulf of St. Law¬
rence and on the southerly part of the coast of Newfoundland. The
Grampus left the Gulf of St. Lawrence early in October and arrived
at Gloucester on the 16th of that month. At all times during the
cruise a masthead lookout for mackerel was kept day and night when
the weather was favorable for observation, and net trials for locat¬
ing the fish were made at every opportunity.
During the first part of the trip the work was frequently interrupted
by stormy weather, which also at times greatly interfered with the
operations of the seining fleet. The mackerel were late in showing,
and were unusually far offshore. Investigation showed that the lat¬
ter condition was caused by the appearance of great schools of bonito,
which came up the coast over the usual mackerel route and kept the
schools of mackerel well offshore, and later, when the mackerel
approached their regular course, caused them not to show, but to move
along under water. This was indicated by the many large hauls made
by the vessels of the mackerel netting fleet, which did unusually well,
while the purse-seine fishermen, depending on the mackerel to school
and show, had a poor season as a whole. There was a good catch
on the Nova Scotia coast, or Cape Shore, and the vessels did well
for a time on Nantucket Shoals, but otherwise the season was
practically a failure. A few hauls were made on the southern edge
59395°— 11 - 3
30
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
of Georges 'Bank, but the fish stayed there only a short time, disap¬
pearing as suddenly as they came. In Massachusetts Bay and on the
Maine coast there was practically no mackerel fishing, a few small
schools taken off Monhegan being all that showed on the latter shore.
The season in the Gulf of St. Lawrence was also a poor one, the catch
of the 22 American purse-seining vessels that went there being only
1,785 barrels. No fish were found schooling, and the catches made
were secured by throwing toll bait and using line and jig, the seine
being run around the vessel while the fish were attracted by the bait.
Bad weather set in early and fishing off North Sydney was discon¬
tinued before the usual time.
The cruise did not result in ascertaining where the southern body
of mackerel goes after coming as far north as Long Island nor in
locating the great bod}^ of mackerel which goes into the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, but that large schools entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence
in June and, some of them at least, came out in the fall and went
south is indicated by the fact that large catches were made off Hali¬
fax and La Have and westward as far as Cape Sable, and that great
schools were reported off Halifax and other Cape Shore ports late
in the season. It is evident from the experiments and observations
made during the cruise that the food supply and spawning habits of
the mackerel are not the only factors to be considered in the study
of their migrations, but that the weather conditions and the presence
of bonito and other predatory species have a decided influence on
their movements. A plentiful supply of food was frequently found
in localities where there were either no mackerel or^ only scattering
individuals.
The Grampus kept in as close touch with the seining fleet as was
consistent with the work, and furnished the vessels with all informa¬
tion obtained regarding the schools of mackerel seen.
Considerable information was also obtained during the cruise re¬
garding the movements of menhaden. These fish were reported by
the mackerel seiners early in April about 25 miles off Boclie Island,
North Carolina, in 45 fathoms of water. They were in large schools
and appeared to be working northward and keeping well offshore.
About the 20th of the month large schools were observed in 36° 30'
north latitude and extending a distance of about 90 miles. A number
of menhaden were taken in the mackerel seines about this time, and
were large and moderately fat fish. During April large schools of
bonito were seen some distance inshore of the menhaden, which was
apparently the reason why the latter remained so far offshore. One
vessel reported sailing 25 miles with bonito constantly in sight, mov¬
ing rapidly and at times breaking water, probably in pursuit of some
small feed other than menhaden. No schools of bonito were seen'north
of the Virginia capes, and the menhaden appeared on the coast of
New Jersey early in May after the bonito disappeared.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
31
FISHERIES OF MISSISSIPPI.
At the request of citizens of Biloxi, Miss., through their Represent¬
ative in Congress, an investigation was made of the condition of the
fisheries at that place, and incidentally of the coast fisheries of the
entire State, not including oysters.
The fisheries of Mississippi are chiefly carried on at Biloxi and
Scranton, the former place having about 250 vessels and boats and
the latter about 50 engaged in this industry. The principal species
taken are shrimp (which ranks first in importance), bluefish, Spanish
mackerel, pompano, mullet, flounders, trout or squeteague, and crabs.
In former years the supply was generally equal to the demand, but
in the last three or four years it is claimed b}- fishermen and others
interested in the fisheries that there has been considerable falling off
in the annual catch of most species, on account of overfishing.
While the coast fisheries of Mississippi are not as extensive as those
of some other States, they are of great value to the State and should
receive as careful attention in the way of protection as other States
give to their fisheries. Many fishermen and dealers at Biloxi are of
the opinion that artificial propagation is the only means by which the
more important commercial species can be saved from extermination,
but a judicious enforcement of laws that should be enacted to prevent
the wholesale capture of fish during the spawning season, and making
it a penal offense to capture fish by the use of dynamite, lime, or
other explosives, in rivers, lakes, bayous, or along the coast, would
have a tendency to restore the fisheries to their former prosperous
condition. This course of action would no doubt produce beneficial
results in a comparatively short time. The first requisite in the
present circumstances seems to be to take the necessary steps to save
certain species bj^ natural rather than by artificial means. The
establishment of a state fish commission, with authority to recommend
and enforce fishery legislation, would also be of great assistance in
protecting and maintaining the fisheries. Without such an organi¬
zation the fisheries are destined to decline more rapidly in the future
than they have in the past.
The principal forms of fishing apparatus used in the fisheries of
the State are drag seines, gill nets, and trammel nets. There is also
a considerable quantity of fish taken with cast nets. In no part of
the country is this apparatus used with greater skill than in this
region, and according to some of the fishermen its extensive use is
responsible for the great scarcity of crappie, black bass, and pike.
When the water in the rivers and bays is low, many species of fish
take refuge in pools and deep holes and are easily captured.
In Red and Black creeks it is said that fish were once abundant, but
in recent years the use of dynamite has nearly exterminated them.
According to reports, this method is not only employed by commer-
32
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
cial fishermen but also by people who wish to supply their own table.
Jugs filled with lime and lowered to the bottom are also the means of
destroying large quantities of fish. The water coming in contact
with the lime causes the jugs to burst, scattering the lime, which
either kills the fish or causes them to rise to the surface in a dazed
condition, making their capture easy.
At Biloxi the harbor for vessels is at Back Bay. Six or seven
years ago considerable fishing was carried on from 2 to 3 miles
above the anchorage, toward the head of the bay. At the present time
very fewT fish are taken in this vicinity. At times during a freshet
buffalo-fish are caught in considerable quantities near the mouth of
the bay. At other times this species is generally observed up the
bay some 6 or 8 miles above Popps Point, where commercial fishing
is prohibited. During a heavy freshet it is said that the current runs
15 miles an hour.
In the upper part of the bay there are numerous small islands cov¬
ered with tide grass; these islands afford excellent seining grounds.
In the channels formed by the islands fishing is carried on with
trammel nets. There are many snags in the channels, which prevent
the use of drag seines.
Shrimp were quite scarce in 1909, but in the spring of 1910 they
were plentiful, and the usual pack was made. It is estimated that
in the vicinity of Gulfport and Biloxi 6,000 barrels of shrimp were
caught during the season. It is stated that only about one-half the
quantity of shrimp is now taken as compared to the catch ten years
ago, although nearly double the number of men and boats is em¬
ployed. In the last few years, however, there has been considerable
increase in the catch, owing to an extension of the fishing grounds.
Vessels now fish for shrimp 30 miles east and west of Biloxi and
from 75 to 100 miles south.
Shrimp arrive from the south in the latter part of February and
remain on the coast until May. In the latter part of July or the first
of August a school of mixed sizes of shrimp appear, and in September
another school of marketable shrimp strikes the coast.
In 1909, 14,000 pounds of mullet were taken in one haul of a seine
and all were said to be spawn fish. Many fishermen are of the opin¬
ion that such wholesale slaughter of spawn fish should be stopped.
Redfish or channel bass, trout or squeteague, and sheepshead have
not decreased as rapidly as some other species, being taken in deep
water, and principally with hook and line.
The shipping facilities and method of handling fish at Biloxi com¬
pare favorably with those in other parts of the country. On account
of the scarcity of many shore species, attention is being directed to
the red-snapper fishery. To engage in this fishery would require
deeper draft vessels and the building of plants for handling fish
on the outlying islands, where vessels arriving from the banks could
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
33
land their fares and transship them in scows or other shallow boats
to Biloxi. In this manner the red-snapper fishery might be estab¬
lished and successfully prosecuted.
MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES.
RELATIONS WITH OTHER GOVERNMENT BUREAUS.
During the year the Bureau has cooperated with other branches of
the Government, both giving and receiving assistance in the interests
of an economical and efficient administration of the public business.
The assistance rendered to the Bureau of the Census in the statistical
canvass of the fisheries in the preceding fiscal year was supplemented
by the detail of an agent of the Bureau to aid in certain technical
matters connected with the compilation of the data. This assistance
consisted principally in the identification and consideration of the
involved and often dubious nomenclature of the fishes exhibited in
the field schedules.
A large number of samples of fishery products have been identified
and passed on at the request of the food and drug board of the
Department of Agriculture, and other assistance has been rendered
in connection with the functions of that board.
In March, 1910, on request of the Secretary of War preferred
through the Department, an examination and appraisal was made
’ of certain oyster bottoms adjoining the military reservation at Fort
Monroe, Ya., recently ceded by the State of Virginia to the Federal
Government. A full report, accompanied by tracings, was trans¬
mitted to the War Department.
The Bureau expresses its appreciation of the services of the Bureau
of Chemistry of the Department of Agriculture for analyses of water
from various hatcheries and to the Coast and Geodetic Survey for
various charts and projections and for other courtesies extended.
INTERNATIONAL FISHERY MATTERS.
In 1909, as in the four previous years, at the request of the Depart¬
ment of State, the Bureau detailed a representative to visit New¬
foundland for the purpose of observing the operations of American
fishing vessels engaged in the herring fisheries there under the pro¬
visions of the modus vivendi. The detail extended from October,
1909, to January, 1910. No vessel was assigned to the work this year.
In June, 1910, two representatives from the Bureau’s official staff were
detailed to The Hague to assist the American counsel in the case be¬
fore that tribunal for a settlement of the dispute as to the rights of
our fishermen in Newfoundland and Canadian waters under the
treaty of 1818.
The Bureau continued its cooperation with the State Department,
through the International Fisheries Commission, in securing basic
34 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
data for the regulations required by the treaty between the United
States and Great Britain, signed April 11, 1908, which provides for
the joint control by the United States and Canada of the fisheries
in the waters contiguous to the boundary between the two countries.
Field work was conducted in Passamaquoddy Bay and eastern Maine
and on Lake Erie and Lake Huron.
There is every reason to believe that both of these international
questions, which have long been a source of irritation to the fishermen
of the countries involved, will be satisfactorily adjusted during the
present year.
EMPLOYMENT OF VESSELS.
The investigation concerning the aquatic resources of the Philip¬
pine Islands was continued by the steamer Albatross until February
12, when she went to Nagasaki for a general overhauling before
undertaking the voyage to the United States. She arrived at San
Francisco in excellent condition May 4, and was promptly made
ready for immediate work in Alaskan waters. While the vessel under¬
went considerable repairs in Hongkong the year before, these were
necessitated by work previous to the Philippine expedition and the
fact that she returned to San Francisco in such good condition after
a cruise beginning in 1907 reflects credit on the construction of the
vessel and the care given by her commanding officers.
The steamer Fish Hawk was occupied from the beginning of the
fiscal year until the middle of September in a comprehensive survey
of the public oyster grounds of Virginia in the James River, and
afterwards in collecting aquarium specimens. In October the ship
went to Woods Hole, where her machinery was put in good order by
the station force and the crew and the vessel made ready for further
work. In the spring, shad hatching on the Delaware River was be¬
gun and continued until June, when a survey of the public oyster
grounds of Delaware was commenced and at the close of the year was
still in progress. Fuller references to the surveys mentioned are
embodied elsewhere in this report.
The schooner Grampus was engaged in the mackerel investigation
referred to elsewhere until October 10, 1909, her sphere of operations
extending from Newport to Bay of Islands, Newfoundland, and the
Gulf of St. Lawrence, and including the offshore fishing banks.
During the late fall and winter the vessel was laid up and the crew
utilized in connection with marine fish-cultural work on the New
England coast until April, when she was made ready for sea and
began the collection of lobster eggs and distribution of lobster fry
for the hatchery at Boothbay Harbor, Me., and was so engaged the
remainder of the year.
The smaller steamer Phalarope was used during the entire year
in fish-chltural work on the New England coast and on the Potomac
BEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 35
River, and as a collecting vessel for the Woods Hole laboratory.
The Curlew was employed on the Mississippi River, especially in
collecting fishes from the overflowed lands.
PUBLICATIONS AND LIBRARY.
The collection of special books maintained by the Bureau for pur¬
poses of reference and technical investigation has received 260 acces¬
sions in Washington from gifts, purchases, and exchanges, and over
200 accessions at the laboratories and stations elsewhere. The intimate
relations maintained with other libraries result in exchanges and
transfers which are mutually profitable, and particularly advan¬
tageous to the Bureau in view of the limited funds available for the
purchase of books and periodicals. The use of the library has been
much facilitated by the progress made during the year on the system-
atic subject catalogue.
The continued interest of the public in the work of the Bureau is
shown by the facts that during the year 2,916 bound volumes and
21,832 pamphlets of its publications were sent out on request, 45,890
were required for the regular mailing list, and 2,020 issued to authors.
There were received from the Government Printing Office for dis¬
tribution 87 new reports and bulletins published by the Bureau and
5 reprints of important documents the supply of which had been
exhausted. The titles of the new issues (No. 646 to No. 732) may be
found in the Bureau’s list of publications available for distribution.
APPROPRIATIONS.
The total appropriations for the Bureau for the fiscal year
amounted to $823,490, or $16,610 less than the aggregate for the
previous year.
Salaries :
General _ $316, 860
Agents at Alaska salmon fisheries _ 4, 500
Agents at seal fisheries _ 11, 430
Miscellaneous expenses :
Administration _ 8. 000
Propagation of food fishes _ 275, 000
Inquiry respecting food fishes - 30, 000
Statistical inquiry - 7, 500
Maintenance of vessels _ 55, 000
Supplies for native inhabitants, seal islands _ 19, 500
Specials :
Establishment of fish-cultural stations on Puget Sound or its
tributaries _ 1 _ 50,000
Establishment of a fish-cultural station in the upper Mississippi
Valley _ 25, 000
Purchase of a steamboat, Put-in-Bay, Ohio _ 15, 000
Construction of roadway, Greenlake, Me _ 2, 700
Repairs to buildings, Pribilof Islands _ 3, 000
36 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
In addition to the above funds, the sum of $150,000 was appro¬
priated and made immediately available for the purpose of carrying
out the provisions of the act of April 21, 1910, which placed under the
Secretary of Commerce and Labor the administration of the fur-seal
islands and the preservation of the fur-bearing animals of Alaska.
An itemized statement of expenditures authorized by the fore¬
going appropriations will be made as required by law.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
REORGANIZATION OF PERSONNEL.
The foregoing report exhibits briefly the rapid growth of the activi¬
ties and responsibilities of the Bureau by natural accretion to lines of
work long established and by the addition of functions not contem¬
plated when the present organization was adopted. The assignment
of new duties to the Bureau has made it necessary to impose them
upon persons whose time and attention were already fully taxed by
the natural development of their previous responsibilities, and it
therefore appears to be essential to the continued efficiency of the
Bureau that there should be a reorganization of the personnel. The
Alaska salmon service and the fur-seal service, now assigned to the
Bureau, both involving executive and police functions of an exacting
character, are administered by the Division of Scientific Inquiry,
from which it is desirable that they be separated. The original re¬
quirements of the division are incompatible with the added functions,
and their continued administration by one person can only be at the
sacrifice of the efficiency of both. It is therefore recommended that
the present organization be augmented by the creation of a new
division to be known as the Division of Alaska Fisheries, with suffi¬
cient additions to the present force to make its work effective.
The United States has entered into certain treaty obligations in
respect to the waters adjacent to the Canadian boundary, whereby it
is proposed to assume international control of the fisheries in the
interest of their conservation and development. Regulations making
this agreement effective were submitted to the Senate but were re¬
turned to the joint commissioners for further consideration. It is
assumed that they will be reduced to a satisfactory basis in the near
future, in which event the Bureau will find itself charged with enforc¬
ing them. Should this be the case, since under the present organiza¬
tion there is no provision for the discharge of this duty, it will be
necessary to provide a Division of International Fisheries.
SALARIES AND PERSONNEL.
The recommendations of the preceding fiscal year in reference to
the increase of the salaries attached to certain positions in its service
are renewed. Congress at its recent session increased the pay of low-
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 37
grade clerks, firemen, and messengers, but did not authorize any
advance in the salaries of those on whose work the efficiency of the
Bureau is more directly dependent. The experience of another year
has made more apparent the desirability of making remuneration
more commensurate with duties and responsibilities.
The Bureau is in constant receipt of requests from Members of
Congress and state authorities for special investigations and experi¬
ments in the interests of the public fisheries, and in many cases prompt
compliance with these legitimate demands is difficult or impossible,
because the personnel has not kept pace with either the growth of the
work or the increase of general appropriations. There are certain
fisheries to which, on account of their peculiar requirements, it has
not been possible to render the service which those engaged in them
have the right to expect. To the oyster industry, for instance, which
yields $16,000,000 annually, about 30 per cent of the value of the
entire fisheries of the United States, the Bureau’s assistance has been
wholly inadequate. Proportionately to the value of the respective
fisheries, sixty- five dollars are profitably expended in shad culture
for every dollar spent for the benefit of the oyster industry. The
inequality arises not from the inability to allot money from the appro¬
priations, but to the lack of trained and experienced men. Fish-
cultural methods can not be applied in oyster culture, and the only
valuable aid which can be offered is through the medium of research
and practical experiment, which experience has shown lead to profit¬
able and lasting benefits from disproportionally small expenditures.
For carrying on such work provision should be made for additional
scientific assistants.
SPONGE LAW.
The act of June 20, 1006, to provide for the protection of the
sponge fisheries of the United States on the high seas of the Gulf of
Mexico and the Straits of Florida, has shown itself futile and impos¬
sible of enforcement. The purpose of this law was to prohibit the
fishery by diving in depths of less than 50 feet, and during the period
from May 1 to October 1 to prevent the taking, by whatever means,
outside of the 3-mile limit, of sponges smaller than 4 inches in
diameter.
The offenses aimed at are not specifically prohibited, but they
were supposed to be prevented by the prohibition of certain subsid¬
iary acts — the landing, curing, or offering for sale in the United
States of sponges taken in contravention of the real purpose of
the law. To secure a conviction it is therefore necessary to estab¬
lish a connection between the act of taking under the objection¬
able circumstances and certain subsequent and secondary acts which
per se are innocuous. A diving vessel operating during the close
38 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
season can not be interfered with until the sponges are landed, cured,
or offered for sale in the United States. The sponges, therefore, must
be followed or traced from their beds in the high seas to a point
of territorial jurisdiction, a requirement that is usually impossible
of enforcement.
Moreover, the law provided the Department with no machinery
for its enforcement. It has been necessary to depend upon the
courtesy of the Treasury Department for the personnel required,
and no provision has been made for expenses.
In view of the circumstances narrated, and in the interest of the
unimpaired maintenance of the sponge beds, it is recommended that
the act of June 20, 1906, be amended to correct its defects and that
the Bureau be provided with an inspector, a suitable boat, and funds
for the proper enforcement of the law. It is further recommended
that the minimum size of sponges which it shall be legitimate to take
be established at 5 inches diameter, and if this be done that the
close season be curtailed by not exceeding two months.
EXTENSION OF FISII CULTURE.
It is again urged that provision be made for the establishment of
additional stations for the rescue of fishes from overflowed lands in
the Mississippi Valley. Millions of fish now annually left by the
receding waters to die of exposure can by this means be saved at
small expense.
The Bureau is of the opinion that a highly important work of the
near future will be the stocking of ponds and streams on the farms
of the country with hardy species of fish requiring little care or
attention and omnivorous as to diet. The several species of catfishes
appear to fulfill the requirements more completely than any other
fish. They will grow in sluggish and muddy water, they are very
tenacious of life, their diet is of wide variety, and as food they
are excelled by but few fresh-water fish. While some of the smaller
species can be made important additions to the home food supplies
of the farms, certain others, particularly the larger ones, are already
the basis of important commercial fisheries. For the propagation of
both kinds the establishment of a station at some point in the lower
Mississippi Valley, preferably near Morgan City, La., is regarded as
highly desirable.
The fish-cultural work in Yellowstone Park has been conducted
heretofore with inadequate means as an adjunct to the operation of
Spearfish Hatchery, but it is believed that the opportunities in the
national park are such as to warrant an independent station. One
of the chief difficulties encountered in the efforts to replenish the
depleted fisheries of the United States arises from the lack of control
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 39
over the fishes after they are planted and the neglect of certain
States to make provision for their protection. Yellowstone Park,
being under federal jurisdiction, offers an exceptional opportunity
to demonstrate the possibilities of fish culture under rational and
consistent regulations.
The Bureau also recommends the establishment of one marine and
one additional fresh-water hatchery on the Pacific coast, and an addi¬
tional station in Texas for the supply of a demand for fish in the
Southwest which it is at present impossible to satisfy.
LABORATORY FOR THE STUDY OF FISH DISEASES.
There is again urged the importance of a station for the study of
fish diseases and experiments in the interests of fish culture. In some
of the hatcheries of the Bureau and in similar establishments under
state and private auspices certain fish diseases have become so preva¬
lent as to make it a matter of grave consideration whether the propa¬
gation of certain species, especially the trouts, should not be aban¬
doned. It frequently occurs that the fish and fry are decimated by
epidemics for which there are no known remedies, in consequence of
which there are annually entailed on fish culture large wastes of time
and money. In addition to the financial loss, embarrassment arises
at times in filling legitimate demands for fish for restocking depleted
waters, and the effect on the morale of the employees of the Bureau
who have to struggle hopelessly against an obscure disease is not
unworthy of consideration. The gravest phase of the matter, how¬
ever, is the possible relationship of some of these diseases to more or
less kindred affections occurring in human beings. It, has been deter¬
mined that a type of cancerous affection is of widespread distribution
among domesticated trout and their offspring planted in the streams.
Whether this disease has a causal relation to cancer in human beings,
or whether the two are to be even traced to the same source, is a mat¬
ter of doubt, but the annually increasing mortality from cancer in
man and certain remarkable coincidences in the geographical dis¬
tribution of the disease in man and fish render it imperative that it
should be made the subject of minute inquiry. The matter therefore
has not only economic but humanitarian aspects, and the considera¬
tion of the serious character of the latter prompted the President to
submit to Congress on April 9, 1910, a special message advocating an
appropriation of $50,000 for the construction and equipment of a
laboratory adequate to enable the Bureau to discharge its plain obli¬
gations. The Bureau in the meantime is proceeding in the investiga¬
tion to the limit of its powers, but it may be stated emphatically
that it can make but little progress without the special facilities
asked for.
40 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
FISHERY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE.
For many years the Bureau has maintained at Boston and
Gloucester, Mass., a service making current statistical reports on the
fisheries of those ports. This service has the strong support of the
commercial interests, and a proposition for its abandonment would
result in instant and vigorous protest. The large fishery interests
of the Pacific coast are becoming insistent in their requests that a
similar service be inaugurated in that region, and the Bureau regards
the work of such importance as to impel it to recommend provision
for a suitable personnel for the purpose. In view of the regard in
which the reports at Boston and Gloucester are held by the fishery
interests, it would appear desirable to gradually extend the service
to other places on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts having extensive vessel
fisheries.
NEW BUILDING.
As has been repeatedly indicated in these reports, the quarters of
the Bureau are antiquated, crowded, unsafe, and inadequate in every
respect. They impede the transaction of the public business and
interfere with efficiency and development. It is again earnestly
recommended that provision be made for a building which will fur¬
nish offices, laboratories, workrooms, and an aquarium national in
scope and in keeping with necessitous requirements.
Respectfully,
Geo. M. Bowers,
Commissioner.
To Hon. Charles Nagel,
Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS DURING
THE FISCAL YEAR 1910
Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 740
CONTENTS.
Page.
Character of the work . 5
Method of distribution . 5
Size of fish when distributed . 6
Size of allotments . 7
Species cultivated in 1910 . 7
Output . 9
Statement of output by stations . 10
Allotments to State fish commissions . 24
Shipments to foreign countries . 24
Summarized statement of distributions . 25
Details of the distributions . 26
INDEX TO SPECIES.
Page.
Atlantic salmon . 39
Bass, large-mouth black . 88
rock . 83
sea . 110
small-mouth black . 86
strawberry . 81
striped . 109
warmouth . 85
white . 109
yellow . 110
Blackspotted trout . 40
Blueback salmon . 30
Bream . 101
Brook trout . 44
Buffalofish . 28
Carp . 27
Catfish . 26
Chinook salmon . 30
Cisco . 29
Cod... . Ill
Crappie . 81
Drum, fresh- water . Ill
Flatfish . ! . 112
Fresh-water drum . Ill
Grayling . 80
Haddock . Ill
Humpback salmon . 30
Lake herring . 29
Lake trout . 43
Landlocked salmon . 39
Large-mouth black bass . 88
Lobsters . 112
Loch Leven trout . 43
Mackerel . 110
Perch, pike . 105
white . 110
Page.
Perch, yellow . 107
Pickerel . 80
Pike . 80
Pike perch . 105
Pollock . Ill
Rainbow trout . 31
Rock bass . 83
Salmon, Atlantic . 39
blueback . .30
chinook . 30
humpback . 30
landlocked . 39
silver . 29
Sea bass . 110
Shad . 28
Silver salmon . 29
Small-mouth black bass . 86
Smelt . 80
Steelhead trout . 31
Strawberry bass . 81
Striped bass . 109
Sunapee trout . 80
Sunfish . 101
Trout, brook . 44
blackspotted . 40
lake . 43
Loch Leven . 43
rainbow . 31
steelhead . 31
Sunapee..: . 80
Warmouth bass . 85
White bass . 109
White perch . HO
Whitefish . 29
Yellow bass . HO
Yellow perch . 107
3
THE DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS DURING THE
FISCAL YEAR 1910,
CHARACTER OF THE WORK.
More than 95 per cent of the output of the fish-cultural stations
consists of important commercial species, notably the salmons, shad,
whitefish, pike perch, yellow perch, white perch, lake trout, cod,
pollock, flatfish, and lobsters. These are hatched in lots of many
millions annually and planted by the Bureau, the fresh-water spe¬
cies principally in the large coastal streams and in the Great Lakes,
the marine species upon the inshore fishing grounds of the Atlantic.
The cultivation of the fishes of the interior waters generally classed
as game fishes, although a comparatively small factor in the total
output, is a very important feature of the Bureau’s work, supplying
as it does various kinds of young fish for public streams, lakes and
ponds, fishing preserves, private ponds, streams, etc., in all parts of
the United States. Among the fishes most extensively cultivated
for these purposes are the landlocked salmon, several species of
trout, the grayling, the basses, crappie, bream, and catfish; various
others also- are handled. The trouts are artificially hatched from
eggs taken from both wild and domesticated stock; the basses,
catfish, and others are derived from mature fish held in ponds for
breeding purposes, or (except the small-mouth black bass) they are
rescued from the overflows of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers.
Collections from the latter sources include also pike and pickerel,
which are not distributed to applicants but are returned immediately
to the main streams.
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION.
The first consideration in the Bureau’s distribution of fishes is to
make ample return to the waters from which eggs or fish have been
collected. The remainder of the product is consigned to suitable
public or private waters upon application indorsed by a United
States Senator or Representative, the Bureau furnishing to persons
interested an application blank for this purpose. The blank calls
for a description of the waters to be stocked, and by this information
is determined the species of fish that is suitable and the number that
may be allotted to the water area in cpiestion. Certain predaceous
species, such as the basses, perches, and pickerel, are not furnished
59395°— 11 - 1 5
4
6
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
for waters inhabited by trout or other valuable fishes to which they
would be destructive. Nor, of course, are species like trout and
salmon furnished for waters already stocked with fish that would
prey upon them.
The fish are carried to their destination in railroad cars equipped
for the purpose, or by messengers who accompany the shipments in
baggage cars, and are delivered to the applicant free of charge, at
the railroad station nearest the point of deposit. The applicant is
advised by telegraph when the shipment will arrive, and is expected
to make due provision for care of the fish until planted. Definite
instructions in this respect are furnished at the time of shipment.
During the past fiscal year (July 1, 1909, to June 30, 1910) the
Bureau received 10,635 applications for fish, nearly all for the game
species. The demand, especially for the basses, crappie, and the
catfishes, has for some time been greater than could be met with
available resources. The number of applications this year was 523
more than in 1909.
SIZE OF FISH WHEN DISTRIBUTED.
Fishes are distributed at various stages of development, according
to the species, the numbers in the hatcheries, and the facilities for
rearing. The commercial fishes — such as the shad, whitefish, lake
trout, pike perch, cod, etc., hatched in lots of many millions — are
necessarily planted as fry shortly after hatching. Atlantic salmon,
landlocked salmon, and various species of trout are reared, in such
numbers as the hatchery facilities permit, to ftngerlings from 1 to 6
inches in length ; the remainder are distributed as fry.®
The basses, bream, and other sunfishes are distributed from some
three weeks after they are hatched until they are several months of
age. When the last lots are shipped the basses usually range from
4 to 6 inches and the sunfishes from 2 to 4 inches in length. The
numerous fishes collected in overflowed lands — basses, crappie, sun¬
fishes, catfishes, yellow perch, and others — are 2 to 6 inches in length
when taken and distributed.
Eggs are distributed only to state hatcheries and, occasionally,
to applicants who have hatchery facilities.
a The varying usage in the classification of young fish as to size has caused such confusion and difficulty
that the Bureau has adopted uniform definitions, as follows:
-FYy=fish up to the time the yolk sac is absorbed and feeding begins.
Advanced fry= fish from the end of the fry period imtil they have reached a length of 1 inch.
Fingcrlings= fish between the length of 1 inch and the yearling stage, the various sizes to be designated
as follows: No. 1 , a fish 1 inch in length and up to 2 inches; no. 2, a fish 2 inches in length and up to 3 inches;
No. 3, a fish 3 inches in length and up to 4 inches, etc.
Yearlings= fish that are 1 year old, but less than 2 years old from the date of hatching; these may be
designated No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, etc., after the plan prescribed for ftngerlings.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
7
SIZE OF ALLOTMENTS.
The Bureau does not attempt to furnish to any one applicant
more than a brood stock of fish for a given private pond or stream,
it being expected that these will be protected until they have had
time to reproduce. The number of fish in an allotment is, however,
a variable quantity, depending upon the species and the age at
which distributed. Brook trout, which are distributed both as fry
and fingerlings, are allotted in much larger numbers as fry than as
fingerlings 3 or 4 inches long. Pike perch, which, owing to their
excessive cannibalism, can not be reared and are consequently dis¬
tributed as fry, may be supplied in lots of half a million, where an
equal water area would receive only 200 or 300 young bass from 2 to
5 inches long. These latter larger fish have a much better chance of
reaching maturity than have the fry, and the actual value for stocking
purposes of a few hundred fingerling bass may therefore equal many
thousand times this number of pike perch fry.
SPECIES CULTIVATED IN 1910.
The species cultivated by the Bureau in 1910 numbered some 50
fishes and the lobster. Of these the following were artificially
propagated :
The catpishes (Silurid.e):
Homed pout, bullhead, yellow cat ( Ameiurus nebulosus).
Marbled cat ( Ameiurus nebulosus mannoratus).
The shads and herrings (Clupeid.e):
Shad ( Alosa sapidissima) .
The salmons, trouts, whitefishes, etc. (Salmonid^e):
Common whitefish ( Coregonus albus and C. clupcaformis) .
Lake herring, cisco (Leucichthys artedi).
Chinook salmon, king salmon, quinnat salmon ( Oncorhynchus tschaivytscha).
Silver salmon, coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch).
Blueback salmon, redfish, sockeye ( Opcorhynchus nerka).
Humpback salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha).
Steelhead trout, hardhead (Salmo gairdneri).
Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus).
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ).
Landlocked salmon (Salmo sebago).
Blackspotted trouts: Yellowstone Lake trout or cutthroat trout (Salmo lewisi)’,
Colorado River trout (Salmo pleuriticus) ; Tahoe trout (Salmo henshawi).
Loch Leven trout (Salmo trutta levensis). Introduced species, propagated in
limited numbers for observation.
Lake trout, Mackinaw trout, longe, togue (Cristivomer namaycush).
Brook trout, speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).
Sunapee trout (Salvelinus aiireolus).
The graylings (Thymallhue):
Montana grayling ( Thymallus montanus).
The smelts (Argentinhle):
American smelt (Osmerus mordax).
8
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
The basses, sunfishes, and crappxes (Centrarchid.e):
Crappie ( Pomoxis annularis).
Strawberry bass, calico bass ( Pomoxis sparoides).
Rock bass, red-eye, goggle-eye ( Ambloplites rupestris).
Warmouth, goggle-eye ( Chsenobryttus gulosus).
Small-mouth black bass ( Micropterus dolomieu).
Large-mouth black bass ( Micropterus salmoides).
Bluegill bream, bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis pallidus).
Other sunfishes, chiefly Eupomotis gibbosus.
The perches (Perchle):
Pike perch, wall-eyed pike, yellow pike, blue pike ( Stizostedion vitreum).
Yellow perch, ring perch ( Perea Jlavescens).
The sea basses (Serranhle):
Sea bass ( Centropristes striatus).
Striped bass, rockfish ( Roccns lineatus).
White bass ( Roccus chrysops).
White perch ( Morone americana ) .
Yellow bass ( Morone interrupta).
The mackerels (Scombrid.e):
Mackerel ( Scomber scombrus).
Th e cods (Gadid^e):
Cod ( Gadus callarias).
Haddock ( Melanogrammus seglejinus.,
Pollock ( Pollachius virens).
The flounders (Pleuronecthle):
Winter flounder, American flatfish ( Pseudopleuronectes americanvs).
Crustaceans:
American lobster ( Homarus americanus).
After the annual seasons of high water in the Mississippi basin,
great numbers of young fish are left in sloughs and pools when the
waters have receded, -and would eventually die by the drying up of
these shallow places in summer or freezing in winter. Large collec¬
tions are made from such sources, for return to the original stream
and, of the most abundant species, also to supplement the hatchery
stock for distribution. The fishes so collected in 1910 were as follows:
The catfishes (Silurid^e):
Spotted cat, blue cat, channel cat (Ictalurus punctatus). Only limited numbers
obtainable.
Horned pout, bullhead, yellow cat ( Ameiurus nebulosus).
The suckers and buffalofishes (Catostomid.e):
Small-mouth buffalofish ( Ictiobus bubalus).
The minnows and carps (Cyprinid^e):
Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Distributed in rare instances, for waters unsuited to
other species.
The pikes and pickerels (Esocid^e):
Pike ( Esox Indus). Restored to the streams; nqt distributed.
Pickerel ( Esox reticulatus) . Restored to the streams; not distributed.
The basses, sunfishes, and crappies (Centrarchid.e):
Crappie ( Pomoxis annularis).
Rock bass, red-eye, goggle-eye ( Ambloplites rupestris).
Warmouth, goggle-eye ( Chsenobryttus gulosus).
Large-mouth black bass ( Micropterus salmoides).
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
9
The basses, sunfishes, and crappies (Centrarchid.e) — Continued.
Small-mouth black- bass ( Micro pterus dolomieu).
Bluegill bream, bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis pallidus).
Other sunfishes (chiefly Eupomotis gibbosus)..
The perches (Percuke):
Yellow perch, ring perch ( Perea flavescens).
The croakers (Sceenidje):
Fresh-water drum, sheepshead, gaspergou ( Aplodinotus grunniens). Only lim¬
ited numbers obtainable. Not distributed.
Certain introduced species are propagated to a limited extent, as
follows :
The minnows and carps (Cyprinid^e):
Goldfish ( Carassius auratus). Propagated for ornamental purposes; not dis¬
tributed .
Ide ( Leuciscus idus). Cultivated variety, golden ide. Propagated for ornamental
purposes; not distributed.
OUTPUT.
Although unfavorable climatic conditions, in 1910, prevented the
collection of as large numbers of eggs as usual, the superior quality
obtamed from the most important species made possible a 4 per cent
increase over the previous record year of 1909. As appears in the
Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for 1910, this year’s output
of the stations was something over 473,000,000 eggs, 2,720,000,000
fry, and 36,000,000 fingerlings, yearlings, and adults, or more than
3,230,000,000 fish and eggs in all. The yield of the various species
showed the usual fluctuations, there being notable increases in the
blueback, silver, and Atlantic salmons, lake trout, lake herring,
yellow perch, shad, cod, flatfish, and steelhead {rout, offset to some
extent by decreases in chinook salmon, wliitefish, pike perch, and
less important fishes.
The following table shows the work of the different stations in 1910,
the period of operation, and the eggs and fish delivered by each sta¬
tion for distribution. It will be noted that transfers of eggs and
fish from station to station are frequent, serving economy and con¬
venience in transportation where the shipment consists of eggs, and
giving advantageous distributing centers in the case of young fish.
Transfers are in all cases credited to the receiving station in the
column of totals, but for completeness of information are recorded
opposite both shipping and receiving station in the columns headed
“Transfers.” The purpose of this table is to be distinguished from
that of the summary of distributions on page 25 of this report,
which is a statement of the number of eggs and fish actually delivered
at their destination, all losses in shipment being deducted.
10
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Stations Operated and the
Note.— The relative importance of the stations is in a degree indicated in the table by marginal indentions
haps shifting in location from year to year. At all other substations eggs were both collected and hatched,
stations to which they are, for'administration purposes, subordinate; but it is not always possible to show
Station and period of
operation.
Eggs.
Species.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to other
stations.
Transfers from other
stations.
Entire year.
II umpbaek salmon
7,331,217
13,680
Entire year.
Central station, 15,000.
Battle Creek, Cal. . .
Oct. -Jan.
7, 358,800
438, 550
100,000
15,849,450
100,000
Blackspotted trout
Jan.-May.
Mill Creek, Cal
Oct. -Jan.
Entire year.
100,000
Birdsview, Wash...
Entire year.
Humpback salmon
275,000
300, 000
Steelhead trout....
Cape Vincent, 25,000. .
Day Creek, 769,000 _
Illabott Creek, 431,740.
Day Creek, Wash....
Feb.-June.
Illabot t Creek , Wash.
July-Oct.
Salmon Banks, San
Juan Island, Wash.
July-Oct.
Battery, Havre de
Grace, Md.
Feb. 27-May 25.
439,990
5,200.000
16,500,000
800,000
Boothbay Harbor, Me. .
Entire year.
780,000
Cod .
July 1-Jan. 1.
July 1-Oct. 31.
Entire year.
Blackspotted trout
85.000
25,000
Grayling, Mont .
"Mar. 1-June 30.
Grayling .
Soda Butte , National
Blackspotted trout
Park, Mont.
June 16-20.
Bryans Point, Md .
4,030,000
1,077,000
Feb. 21-May 23.
Shad .
4, 030, 000.
Cape Vincent, N. Y _
Entire year.
Steelhead trout....
1,077,000.
Birdsview, 25,000 .
Whitefish .
Put-in-Bay, 25,000,000.
Brook trout .
Lake trout .
Duluth, 5,100,000 .
Pike perch .
Put-in Bay, 5,000,000..
Grand Lake Stream,
Landlocked salmon
Rainbow trout....
15,000.
Yellow perch .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
11
Output of Each, 1910.
and italic type, the italics being used to denote substations which were merely collecting points, per-
It should be added that some suT>stations are more important in the actual fish-cultural work than the
the output of these important substations separate from that of the main hatchery.
Fry.
Fingerlings, yearlings, and adults.
Dis- 1 Transfers to
tributed. j other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
output.
68,422,170
363, 740
2,286,257
68,422,170
363,740
9,502,474
13,680
24, 165
7, 358,800
1,156, 570
100,000
15,849,450
5,908.848
149, 570
4,654,825
14,400
1,368,000
5,354,177
*
24, 165
718,020
5,808,848
149,570
4,554,825
14,400
1,368,000
5, 079, 177
1, 422, 938
1,672,938
705,840
705,840
8,250
120, 300, 000
338, 480,000
5, 391,000
115,000
128, 106,000
402,165,000
14,888,000
712, 000
125,500,000
354,980,000
6,191.000
115,000
128,888,052
402, 165, 000
14,888,000
712,000
2,052
1
353,818
351,006
48,518
18
17, 000
28,900
18, 718
353,818
351,006
71,518
106,018
17,000
28,900
18,718
23,000
81,000
200,285,000
31,065,000
46,761
20,170,000
941,500
4, 852, 000
4,800,000
14.500
38,000
1,600,000
200,285,000
31,065,000
46,761
20,170,000
941.500
4,852,000
4,800,000
14,500
38,000
1,600,000
12
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Stations Operated and the
Station and period of
Eggs.
Species.
operation.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to other
stations.
Transfers from other
stations.
Central Station, Wash¬
ington, D. C.
Entire year.
Sunfish .
Crappie .
Catfish .
Warmouth bass. .
Rock bass .
Small-mouth black
bass.
Large-mouth black
bass.
Steelhead trout....
Chinook salmon. . .
Baird, 15,000
Bryans Point, 4,030,000
Put-in Bay, 6,000,000. .
St. Johnsbury, 20,000. .
Put-in Bay, 640,000 _
Detroit, 500,000.
Bryans Point, 1,077,000
Pike perch .
Clackamas, Oregon City,
Oreg.
Entire year.
Rainbow trout. . . .
Brook trout .
.
Steelhead trout....
Eagle Creek, 75,000 _
Blackspotted trout
Lake trout .
Chinook salmon.. .
150,000
Rogue River, 61,600. . .
Big White Salmon,
. do .
Wash.
Aug. 1-Feb. 28.
Cazadero, Oreg .
Steelhead trout....
Eagle Creek, 410,000. . .
Chinook salmon. . .
2,452,666
485, 000
Eagle Creek, Clacka-
Steelhead trout....
Cazadero, 410,000 .
mas River, Oreg.
Mar. 15-June 25.
Eagle and Tanner
Chinook salmon. . .
269, 300
14, 200
3,805,000
484,000
Clackamas, 75,000.
Creeks, Oreg.
Aug. 1-Oet. 1.
Illinois River, Oreg .
Aug. 1-Apr. 30.
Little White Sal-
Rogue River, 14,200.
. do .
mon, Wash.
Entire year.
Rogue River, Oreg. .
Illinois River, 14,200 ..
Entire year.
Steelhead trout....
Wil’amette, Oreg...
Shad .
Jan. 1-July 15.
Bybee Bridge, Rogue
Chinook salmon. . .
River, Oreg.
Aug. 1-Nov. 1.
Cold Springs, Bulloch-
Large-mouth black
ville, Ga.
Entire year.
bass.
Sunfish .
Catfish .
Warmouth bass...
Rock bass .
Craig Brook, East Or-
Brook trout .
St. Johnsbury, 5,000...
land. Me.
Atlantic salmon. . .
1,345,000
Upper Penobsco t, Me.,
1,340,000.
Entire year.
Upper Penobscot,,
. do .
Craig Brook, 1,340,000.
Grand Lake Stream,
15,000.
Me.
Oct. 15-June 1.
Duluth, Minn .
Landlocked sal-
Entire year.
mon.
Brook trout .
Whitefish .
Detroit, 25 000 000
Pike perch .
Put-in Bay, 15,000,000.
Steelhead trout. . . .
Lake trout .
5, 425,000
Cape Vincent, 5, 100,000
Green Lake, 125,000.
Northville, 5,000,000...
Grand Marais, Mich.
. do .
Oct. 16-Nov. 18.
Grand Marais, Minn.
. do .
Sept. 19-Nov,26.
Grand Portage, Minn.
. do .
Sept.24-Oct. 15.
Keweenaw Point,
. do .
Mich.
Oct. 4-Nov. 2.
Marquette, Mich ....
Oct. 16-Nov. 11.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
13
Output of Each, 1910 — Continued.
Fry. Fingerlings, yearlings, and adults.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
rotai
output.
5, 600
5,600
247
247
450
450
9,000
9,000
752
•
752
2. 010
2,010
1,000
1, 000
440
440
7.000
7,000
12, 000
12, 000
10, 00(T
Nashua, 10,000.
10,000
3,700,000
3, 700, 000
5, 000,000
5^000,000
18,700
18,700
774, 000
774, 000
977, 000
977, 000
51,116
51,116
64.800
64, 800
126.000
126, 000
82, 214
1,418
83,632
12,000
12, 000
3,086,200
225
3,836,425
3,512,200
3, 512, 200
1,808,835
1,808,835
534, 197
2, 986, 197
49, 503
49, 503
269, 300
4, 808, 000
8, 613, 000
660, 292
>
1,082,692
89, 850
89, 850
1,678,000
1,678, 000
107, 850
107, 850
7, 080
7, 080
100
100
40
40
100
100
196, 000
76, 550
272,550
155, 799
82, 413
243, 212
1,217, 366
1,217, 366
11,400
11,400
«
370,000
370, 000
25, ooo, oon
25, 000, 000
13, 800, 000
13, 800, 000
161, 000
161,000
8, 825, 000
4, 246j 500
13,271,500
14
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Stations Operated and the
Station and period of
operation.
Eggs.
Species.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to other
stations.
Transfers from other
stations.
Duluth, Minn. — Cont’d.
Oct. 16-No v. 12.
Oct. 16-Nov. 13.
Oct. 15-Nov, 1.
1,360,000
4, 566,000
Jan. 2- June 30.
Apr. 1-May 30.
Entire year.
bass.
Large-mouth black
bass.
Wytheville, 503,000....
Entire year.
Cod.
34, 689,000
Woods Hole, 24,835,000
Landlocked sal-
55,000
St. Johnsbury, 5,000...
Grand Lake Stream,
Entire year.
mon.
25,000
4,500,000
704,799.
Duluth, 100,000 .
Branch Pond, Me...
Sept. 13-Nov.30.
Grand Lake Stream,
Me.
Entire year.
Northville, 300,000.
mon.
824, 799
Duluth, 15,000 .
mon.
Spearfish, 25,000 .
605, 000
55,000
Cape Vincent, 15,000.
Green Lake, 704,799.
'
Entire year.
Clackamas, 100,000.
'
Blackspotted trout
235, 000
Colo.
Apr. 6-May 8.
Donah Lake, Colo. . .
Nov. ll-Nov.30.
Oct. 18-Nov. 28.
Engelbrecht Lake ,
Colo.
Oct. 16-Nov. 12.
Blackspotted trout
Rainbow trout....
Colo.
July 1-Aug. 1.
Oct.25-Nov. 11.
Musgroves Lake,
Colo.
Oct. 12-Dec. 6.
Woodbridge, Colo....
Brook trout .
Nov. 27-Dec. 3.
Mammoth Spring, Ark. .
Entire year.
Large-mouth
black bass.
Small-mouth
*
black bass.
Rainbow trout....
Rock bass .
Des Arc, Ark .
White bass .
Mar. 4-May 7.
Helena, Ark. . . .
Catfish .
Aug. 24-Dec. 29
Buffalo fish .
Rock bass .
Pike perch .
Fresh-water drum
Sunfish .
Crappie .
Large-mouth
black bass.
Yellow bass .
White bass .
.... 1
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
15
Output op Each, 1910 — Continued.
*
Fry.
Fingerlings, yearlings, and adults.
Total
output.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
48,262,000
2, 669, 000
49, 622, 000
7,235,000
700
22,460
233,600
490, 780
230
1,450
18, 535
3, 860
16,900, 000
38, 140,000
143, 907,000
312,820,000
873, 364
1,026,500
4,500,000
351,922
706
4.860
233, 600
490,780
230
1,450
18, 535
3.860
17,600
16,900,000
38, 140, 000
134,053,000
312,820,000
586, 100
1,001,500
237, 264
351,922
468,640
381,440
2,012,880
325.600
24,700
565. 600
22, 200
379,640
217,625
3,472,520
588,225
24,700
837, 600
37,000
1,400
82,510
200
4,300
1,400
82,510
200
4,300
21,540
178,675
10,215
800
8.950
85,365
177,010
18,230
250
5.950
21,540
178,675
10,215
800
8.950
85,365
177,010
18,230
250
5.950
Tupelo, 1,600..
16
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Stations Operated and the
Station and period of
operation.
Species.
Eggs.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to other
stations.
Transfers from other
stations.
Rock bass .
Entire year.
La Crosse, Wis.a _
July I5-Oct. 19.
North McGregor,
Iowa. a
July 15-Oct.6.
Nashua, N. H .
Pike perch .
Put-in Bay, 3,500,000..
Brook trout .
Lake trout .
Rainbow trout. . . .
Small-mouth
black bass.
Sunfish .
125,650
Yellow perch .
Large-mouth
black bass.
Catfish .
Pickerel .
Crappie .
Carp .
Buffalofish .
Pike .
Pike perch .
White bass .
Crappie .
Sunfish .
Large-mouth
black bass.
Catfish .
Yellow perch .
Carp .
Pike .
Fresh- water drum .
Small-mouth
black bass.
Sunapee trout .
Entire year.
Lake Sunapee, N.H
Oct. 13-Nov.22.
Neosho, Mo .
Brook trout .
Chinook salmon. . .
Rainbow trout. . . .
Brook trout .
Sunapee trout .
Landlocked salmon
Rainbow trout. . . .
Large-mouth
black bass.
Rock bass .
41,264
Entire year.
North ville, Mich .
Crappie .
Carp .
Y ellow perch .
Pike perch .
Put-in Bay, 1,800,000..
Small-mouth
black bass.
Brook trout .
Entire year.
Alpena, Mich .
Rainbow trout....
Wytheville, 100,000....
Charlevoix, 3,066,560. .
Northville, 4,000,000...
Detroit, 15,000,000 .
Lake trout .
34, 894, 000
Green Lake, 300,000.
Sault Ste. Marie,
5,000,000.
Alpena, 4,000,000.
Charlevoix, 10,584,000.
Feb. 23-May 4.
Bay City, Mich. ... .
Whitefish .
Pike perch .
Apr. 1-Apr. 29.
Belle Isle, Mich .
Whitefish .
Oct. 25-Dec. 12.
Charlevoix; Mich. . .
Oct. 20-Dec. 21.
Feb. 28-May 4.
Cheboygan, Mich. . . .
Oct.l8-Nov. 15.
Detour, Mich .
Lake trout .
3,066,500
Northville, 3,060,560. . .
Northville, 10,584,000..
Detroit, 15,000,000 .
Whitefish .
Lake trout .
Oct. 15-Nov. 10.
.
a Station for the collection of fishes from overflowed lands.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
17
Output of Each, 1910 — Continued.
Fry.
Fingerlings, yearlings, and adults.
Total
output.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
8, 300
8,300
3,300,000
866.500
3,880
211,350
9,695
53,875
10,320
77,025
111.500
500
102,820
22.300
22,800
39,500
4,460
100
95, 125
* 136, 100
162, 025
384, 700
84, 700
115
3,800
3,000
21,600
171,029
788,000
57.300
3,300,000
866.500
3,880
85.700
9,695
53,875
10,320
77,025
111.500
500
102, 820
22,300
22,800
39,500
4,460
100
95,125
136, 100
162, 025
384, 700
84. 700
115
3,800
3,000
21,600
171,029
788, 000
St. Johnsbury,
104,000.
57,300
Craig Brook,
2,200.
Central Station,
10,000.
168, 500
52,855
11,650
30, 025
12,950
115
50
262, 619
11,650
30,025
12,950
115
50
1,400,000
176, 000
532,200
82,500
10,013,500
4,000,000
15,000,000
.
1,400,000
162,000
426, 000
500
' '
14,000
106,200
82,000
3,500
4, 000, 000
15,000,000
10, 584, 000
15,000, 000
10,584,000
15, 000, 000
18
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Stations Operated and the
Station and period of
operation.
Species.
Eggs.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to other
stations.
Transfers from other
stations.
Northville, Mich— Con.
74, 500,000
34,280,000
Central Station. 500,000
Duluth, 20,000,000.
Sault Ste. Marie,
20,000,000.
Alpena, 15,000,000.
Charlevoix, 15,000,000.
. Entire year.
Oct.20-Nov.23.
Nov.6-Nov. 18.
Grassy Island, M ich .
Oct. 25-Dec. 12.
Nov. 15-Nov.24.
North port, Mich.. ..
Oet.26-Nov. 18.
Port Huron, Mich...
May 1-May 20.
St. J times, Mich _
Nov. 1-Nov. 24.
Sault Ste. Marie,
Mich.
Feb. 20-May 21.
Detroit, 20,000,000 .
Northville; 5,000,000. . .
Oct. 15-NOV.22.
Pike perch .
324,475,000
77, 06S,000
1,440,000
Duluth, 15,000,000 .
Entire year.
Kelleys Island, Ohio.
Nov.10-Nov.23.
Whitefish .
Central Station,
6,000,000.
Neosho, 1,800,000.
Meredosia, 5,000,000.
Wytheville, 1,000,000.
Manchester, 3,500,000.
CapeVincent, 5,000,000.
Cape Vincent,
25,000,000.
Central Station, 640, 000.
Whitefish. .7. . .
. do .
*
Nov. 7-Dee. 3.
Nov. 1-Nov. 28.
Apr. 1-Apr. 20.
North Bass Island,
Ohio.
Nov. 5-Dec. 3.
Apr. 16-28.
Port Clinton, Ohio..
Nov. 3-Dec. 2.
Apr. 3-May 7.
Toledo , Ohio. .' .
Pike perch .
Whitefish .
Pike perch .
Whitefish .
Pike perch .
. do .
Apr. 1-May 11.
Quincy, Ill .
Entire vear.
Meredosia, lll.o .
Crappie .
July-Dee.
St. Johnsbury, Vt .
Carp .
Large-mouth black
bass.
Catfish .
Yellow perch .
SunfishT .
Pike perch .
Put-in Bay, 5,000,000. .
Brook trout .
35,000
Entire year.
Darling Pond, Vt...
Sept. 1-Dec. 21.
Hatch Pond, South
Ryegatc, Vt.
Aug. 9-Nov. 13.
Lake Mitchell, Vt...
Sept. 1-Dee. 17.
Small-mouth black
bass.
Landlocked sal¬
mon.
Yellow perch .
Craig Brook, 5,000 ! ....
Brook, trout .
. do .
Brook trout .
a Station for the collection of fishes from overflowed lands.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
19
Output of Each, 1910 — Continued.
Fry.
Fingerlings, yearlings, and adults.
Total
output.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
25,000,000
12, 100, 000
29,000,000
46,380,000
20,000,000
5,000,000
20,000,000
5,000,000
89,375,000
75,020,000
70,300,000
376,550,000
126,448,000
71,740,000
20, 100
35
108,045
25,350
9,055
25,000
20,100
35
108,045
25,350
9,055
25,000
4, 250, 000
1,267,346
4,250,000
1, 661, 000
Holden, 300, 000
346
Holden, 31,425.
140, 000
4,800
2,550
142,550
3,000
3,595
Holden, 1,000. . .
3,595
20
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Stations Operated and the
Station and period of
operation.
Eggs.
Species.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to other
stations.
Transfers from other
stations.
St. Johnsbury ,Vt. — Con.
July 1-Nov. 13. .
Apr. 12-June 30.
mon.
Entire year.
Large-mouth
black bass.
Entire year.
mon.
25,000.
B lackspot ted
trout.
2,719,000
Clackamas, 100,000. . . .
Bozeman, 544,000.
Wytheville, 100,000....
lah, Wyo.
Oct. 20-Jan. 15.
Dak.
Oct. 20-Dec. 31.
Thumb of Lake,
Yellowstone Na¬
tional Parle, Wyo.
May 25- Aug. 1.
Clear Creek, Yel¬
lowstone National
Park, Wyo.
June 1-Aug. 10.
Blackspotted
trout.
•
Yellowstone Na¬
tional Park, Wyo.
June 1-Aug. 10.
Cub Creek, Yel¬
lowstone National
Park, Wyo.
June 1-Aug. 10.
Steamer Fish Hawk,
Delaware River, Phil¬
adelphia, Pa.
May 6- June 1.
Tupelo, Miss .
. do .
Shad .
Entire year.
Large-mouth
black bass.
Crappie .
Catfish .
White Sulphur Springs,
W. Va.
Rainbow trout....
100,900
Brook trout .
1,000
Entire year.
Large-mouth
black bass.
Small-mouth
black bass.
Blackspotted
trout.
Lobster .
Woods Hole, Mass .
Entire year.
Cod .
Gloucester, 24,835,000..
Mackerel .
Flatfish .
Sea bass .
Chilmark, Mass .
Lobster .
Oct. i-Oct. 9.
East Greenwich,
Flatfish .
Mass.
Mar. 1-Apr. 1.
Gosnold, Mass .
Lobster .
•
Sept. 16-Oct. 9.
May 23- June 23.
Newport, R. I .
Flatfish .
Mar. 10- Apr. 1.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
21
Output of Each, 1910 — Continued.
Fry.
Fingerlings, yearlings, and adults.
Total
output.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to '
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
St. Johnsbury,
300,000.
St. Johnsbury,
1,800.
177,975
3,500
3,370
St. Johnsbury,
31,425.
St. Johnsbury,
1,000.
177,975
3,500
3,370
20,000,000
1,000,000
4,130
3,335
138,239
9,675
25
684,000
12,000
68,248
2,989,750
234,775
20,000,000
1,000,000
4, 130
3,335
138,239
9,675
25
684,000
12,000
68,248
514, 750
234, 775
Bozeman ,400,000
1,703,000
1,703,000
9,950
18,850
1,550
100
363, 175
881,870
3,200
201,750
2,480
17,499,000
61,413,000
764, 000
215, 770,000
808,000
9,950
18,850
1,550
100
262,275
821,870
3,200
1,750
2,480
Helena, 1,600...
59,000
200,000
17,499,000
61,413,000
764,000
215, 770, 000
808,000
|
59395°— 11 - 5
22
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Stations Operated and the
Station and period of
operation.
Eggs.
Species.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to other
stations.
Transfers from other
stations.
Woods Hole, Mass.-
Continued.
Sept. 29-Oct. 21.
Plymouth, Mass _
Nov. 10-Mar. 22.
Sandwich, Mass. ...
May 3-June 23.
Cod .
Ian. 20-Mar. 23.
May 3-June 23.
May 3-June 23.
Oct. 1-Oct. 10.
Mar. 17- Apr. 1.
Large-mouth
black bass.
Small-moutb
Entire year.
black bass.
Rock bass .
Yellow perch .
Rainbow trout. . . .
948,000
Erwin, 503,000 .
Brook trout .
Cape Vincent, 50,000.
Nashua, 50,000.
Spearfish, 100,000.
Central Station, 15,000.
North ville, 100,000.
Carp .
Pike perch .
Put-in Bay, 1,000,000..
Yes Bay, Alaska .
Blueback salmon..
Entire year.
Total output of
Bureau.
«
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
28
Output of Each, 1910 — Continued.
Fry.
Fingerlings, yearlings, and adults.
Total
output.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
Dis¬
tributed.
Transfers to
other stations.
Transfers from
other stations.
39,000
14,000
29,225
1,100
11,250
125
230,600
173, 450
120
68,225
15,1005
11,250*
125
360,600
173,450
120
1,000,000
69,879,600
1,000,000
48, 160,000
21,719,600
3,233,012,237
24
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
ALLOTMENTS TO STATE FISH COMMISSIONS.
As usual, various state fish commissions were supplied from the
Bureau’s stock with eggs to be hatched and distributed under their
respective auspices. Following is a record of such allotments in 1910:
Allotments of Fish and Eggs to State Fish Commissions, Fiscal Year 1910.
State and species.
California:
Chinook salmon .
Colorado:
Blackspotted trout .
Connecticut:
Yellow perch .
Illinois:
Lake trout . .
Whitefish . .
Pike perch . .
Rainbow trout . .
Michigan:
Landlocked salmon .
Lake trout . .
Pike perch .
Missouri:
Brook trout .
Rainbow trout .
Pike perch .
Minnesota:
Large-mouth black bass.
Montana:
Blackspotted trout .
Whitefish .
Nevada:
Blackspotted trout .
New Hampshire:
Chinook salmon .
Eggs.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings.
and
adults.
28,764,467
225,000
5,200,000
500,000
4,000,000
8,000,000
41,264
20,000
5,000,000
3,500
34,280,000
100,000
25,000
2,000,000
18,250
550,000
500,000
422,100
100,000
State and species.
Eggs.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
New York:
Blackspotted trout .
50,000
41,500
15,000
Landlocked salmon .
White perch .
15,000,000
North Dakota:
Steelhead trout .
100,000
10,000,000
Pike perch .
Ohio:
Whitefish .
18,000,000
170,725,000
Oregon:
Chinook salmon .
6,465,300
60
Blackspotted trout .
175,000
45
Pennsylvania:
Silver salmon .
75,000
50,000
Blackspotted trout .
31,428,000
96,450,000
Washington:
50,000
100, 000
Wisconsin:
Lake trout .
4,500,000
3,880
Wyoming:
675,000
443,627,631
Total .
25,735
SHIPMENTS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
In response to requests reaching the Bureau through diplomatic
channels, fish and fish eggs have been donated to foreign countries
as follows:
Shipments of Fish and Eggs to Foreign Countries, Fiscal Year 1910.
Country.
Species.
Eggs.
Finger-
lings,
year-
lings,
and
adults.
Argentina .
200,000
100,000
100,000
25,000
50,000
10,000
110,000
5,000
France .
Landlocked salmon . .
Japan .
Mexico .
Brook trout .
25
Total .
600,000
25
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910. 25
SUMMARIZED STATEMENT OF DISTRIBUTIONS.
The following table shows the numbers of eggs and fish actually
distributed during the fiscal year 1910; or, in other words, the output
of the hatcheries with all losses in transportation deducted. It thus
does not agree with the tabulated summary in the Annual Report
of the Commissioner for this year, compiled at an earlier date, which
shows the numbers of eggs and fish delivered by the stations for dis¬
tribution, the subsequent losses in transportation not being con¬
sidered :
Summary of Distribution of Fish and Eggs, Fiscal Year 1910.
Species.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Total.
Catfish .
Carp .
Bufialofish .
Shad .
Whitefish . . .
Lake herring .
Silver salmon .
Chinook salmon .
Blueback salmon .
Humpback salmon .
Steelhead trout .
Rainbow trout .
Atlantic salmon .
Landlocked salmon .
Blackspotted trout .
Loch Leven trout .
Lake trout .
Brook trout .
Sunapee trout .
Grayling .
Smelt .
Pike .
Pickerel .
Crappie and strawberry bass
Rock bass .
Warmouth bass .
Small-mouth black bass .
Large-mouth black bass .
Sunfish (bream) .
Pike perch .
Yellow perch .
Striped bass .
White bass .
White perch .
Yellow bass .
Sea bass .
Mackerel .
Freshwater drum .
Cod .
Pollock .
Haddock .
Flatfish .
Lobster .
2,160,000
55,428,000
1,440,000
375,000
37,531,417
100,000
250,000
556,494
5,000
115,000
2,748,550
89,076,000
195,719,000
70,300,000
10,888.025
16,342,556
121,136,995
1,731,740
3,570,287
595,616
1,217,366
974,040
531,892
22,710
201,475
66,045
21,719,600
179,718
1,705,328
238,212
301,064
906, 654
68,248
4,286,150
4,085, 174
18
9,000
43,300
500
410,428
66,035
792
109,980
665,868
342,825
5,260
108,439
6,050
250
11,950
10,210,000
516,000
25,000
4,500,000
321,455,000
5,200,000
4,566,000
16,500,000
1,756,094
33,645,922
7,365,945
171,029
81,000
537,400
56,600
154,480,000
326,885,000
2,784,000
338,480,000
808,000
764,000
9,854,000
210,354,000
38, 140,000
712,000
930,755,000
162,505,000
1,532
531,892
22,710
201,475
91,236,000
251,147,000
71,740,000
11,263.025
53,940,018
142,950,595
1,731,740
4,000,005
2,857,438
1,460,578
1,390,104
5,411,298
68,248
48,142,072
11,967,119
171,029
106,018
4,509,000
43, 300
500
410,428
66,035
792
647,386
722, 468
342,825
475,940,260
332,193.439
7,350,000
6,050
354,980,000
2,50
808,000
764,000
1 1 Q50
220, 208! 000
38,140,000
712,000
930,755,000
162,506, 532
Total
473, 535, 461
2,721,832,615
36,094,503
3,231,462, 579
26
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
DETAILS OF DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, FISCAL
YEAR 1910.
CATFISH.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Arizona:
Grand Canyon, Berry’s pond . . .
Summit Pond .
Holbrook, Becker’s reservoir .
Pratt’s pond .
Prescott, American Ranch Lake .
Wilcox, Adling’s pond .
Ditmar’s pond .
Arkansas:
Boonville, Branch Pond . .
Green Forest, Willow Pond .
Harrison, Estes’s pond .
Helena, Mississippi River .
Hiawassee, Rucker’s pond .
McNeil, Stevens’s pond .
Mammoth Spring, Warm Fork Creek . .
Stamps, Price Pond .
Colorado:
Pueblo, Skinner’s reservoir .
Rifle, White River .
Georgia:
Chamblee, Jones’s pond .
Idaho:
Grangeville, Tolo Lake .
Naples, Stampede Lake .
Illinois:
Avena, Sycamore Lake .
Chicago, Armour’s pond .
Otis’s pond .
Galva, Mirror Pond .
Odell, Odell Pond .
Tremont, Pflederer’s pond .
Indiana:
Boonville, Hemenway’s pond .
Buckskin, Buck’s pond .
Centerville, Townsend’s pond .
Evansville, Bockstege’s pond .
Heltonville, Ramsey’s pond .
Lewis, Freeze’s pond .
Pleasant Lake, Pleasant Lake .
Tilden, Hadley’s pond .
Iowa:
Chester, Upper Iowa River .
Independence, W apsipinicon River ....
Lime Springs, Upper Iowa River .
Manchester, Maquoketa River .
North McGregor, Mississippi River .
Kansas:
Goddard, Clear Creek Pond .
Kansas City, Hosps’s pond .
Marquette, Sunny Pond .
Pawnee, Payton’s pond .
Kentucky:
Elizabethtown, Hagan’s pond .
Sodgensville, Nolin Creek .
Nolin Creek, North Fork.
Tharpe’s pond .
Louisiana:
Grand Cane, Clear Springs Pond .
Maryland:
Loch Raven, Harrison’s pond .
Mountain Lock, Potomac River .
Rocky Ridge, O wings Creek .
Sharon, Rogers Pond .
Massachusetts:
Westdale, Taunton River .
Michigan:
Collins, Grand River .
Jackson, Big Portage Lake .
Grass Lake .
Lakeview, Brimmer Lake .
Tamarack Lake .
Town Line Lake .
Penn, Mud Lake .
Portland, Grand River Pond .
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
125
20,640
100
273
100
150
100
200
100
300
300
400
450
450
500
500
500
500
. 100
100
100
100
100
200
300
400
400
2,500
4,000
187,500
65
80
65
65
200
400
300
200
100
150
450
150
150
500
480
480
480
1,000
1,000
1,000
650
480
Minnesota:
Brownsville, Mississippi River .
Mahnomen, Mayzhuckegishig Lake. . . .
Rochester, Zumbro River, South Fork.
Mississippi:
Guntown, Cochran’s pond .
Missouri:
Brandsville, Niessen’s pond .
Richland, Gasconade River .
Seligman, Mountain Pond .
Springfield, Appleby’s pond .
New Jersey:
Mullica Hill, Mullica Hill Pond .
Pompton Lakes, Pompton Lakes .
Washington, Fair Haven Pond .
New Mexico:
Clovis, Laughing Water Pond .
Columbus, Kennedy’s pond .
Corona, Ingram’s pond .
Deming, Burney’s pond .
Harris’s pond .
Hon’s pond .
Jacobson’s pond .
Kelly’s pond .
Elida, Brown’s pond .
La Lande, McGill’s reservoir .
Lqs Vegas, Asylum Lake .
Pecos River .
Montoya, Paloma Springs .
Portales, Humble’s pond .
Twin Mill Ponds .
Silver City, Central Creek Pond .
Texico, Stafford’s pond . i . .
Tucumcari, Buchanan’s pond .
New York:
Cooperstown, Schuylers Lake .
Greenport, Sills Pond .
Unadilla, Susquehanna River .
Walden, Wallkill River .
Wallkill, Dwaarskill Creek .
North Dakota:
Devils Lake, Devils Lake .
Glen Ullin, Burns’s pond .
G winner, Edmon’s pond .
Milnor, Stone Lake .
Oakes, Christenson’s pond .
St. John, Bouvin Lake .
Ohio:
Bethel, McCarty’s pond .
Bradford, Greenville Creek .
Upper Stillwater Creek. . ... . .
Cincinnati, Lake Como .
Cridersville, Retreat Lake .
Dola, Hively’s pond .
Ironton, Rucker’s pond .
Jackson, Long’s pond .
Marion, Scioto River .
Orbiston, Orbiston Lakes . . .
Ravenna, Infirmary Pond .
Ripley, Hauke’s pond .
Rock Creek, Parks’s pond .
Stryker, Juillard’s pond . .
Wapakoneta, Brown Pond . :...
Youngstown, Mahoning River .
Wickliffe Lake .
Oklahoma:
Aline, Elliott’s pond .
Bison, Springdale Pond .
Chiloeeo, Chilocco Lagoon .
Collinsville, Ellingswood Lake .
Cushing, Prairie Lake .
Twin Elm Lake .
Wild Horse Pond . .
Enid, Spring Valley Creek .
Erick, Garrett’s pond .
43,250
800
500
100
150
400
200
200
400
400
100
100
80
80
100
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
100
100
100
100
80
300
150
300
152
155
3,000
100
150
100
150
400
100
250
150
150
100
100
150
100
250
100
150
150
100
100
400
100
200
100
100
200
200
100
125
150
100
100
27
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
CATFISH — Continued.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Oklahoma— Continued.
Glencoe, Greenwood Lake .
South Side Pond .
Guymon, Jordan’s pond .
Hastings, Wabash Pond .
Isabella, Wahl’s pond .
Lawton, Park Lake .
Maramec, Maramec Lake .
Marshall, Crouch’s pond .
Proctor’s pond .
Perkins, Canon Pond . . . ....
Stigler, Hall’s pond .
Stillwater, Boomer Creek .
Kautz’s ponds .
Nash’s pond .
Swartz’s pond .
Stratford, Davis’s pond .
Waynoka, Hancock’s pond .
Yost, Newman’s pond. .
Yost Lake .
Pennsylvania:
Birdsboro, Monocacy Creek .
Carbon Center, Carbon Center Pond _
Factoryville, Lake Carey .
Greensburg, Hacke Pond .
Kingston, Ryman’s pond .
Rahns, Perkiomen Creek .
Reading, Maiden Creek .
Rupert, Wide Water Canal .
Seottdale, Mill Race Pond .
Smiths Ferry, Woodlawn Pond .
Susquehanna, Churchill’s lake .
Susquehanna River .
Troy, Cross Roads Creek .
Lillmary Creek .
Mud Creek .
Sugar Creek .
Wilkes Barre, Bear Lake .
Wolmesdorf, Tulpehocken Creek .
Wagners Pond .
South Carolina:
Blackville, Rodgers Pond .
Graycourt, North Rabun Creek .
Honea Path, Barkers Creek .
Broad Creek .
Haynie Pond .
Kays Pond .
Pickens, Bivers Lake .
Holders Lake .
Spring Lake .
Thomley Pond .
75
75
250
125
100
175
150
100
100
75
200
100
75
75
75
100
275
75
75
200
100
350
100
400
400
400
200
150
100
300
300
100
100
100
450
150
400
400
175
125
150
200
150
200
250
250
300
200
South Carolina— Continued.
Starr, Pruitt’s pond .
Walhalla, Carey’s pond .
South Dakota:
Fairfax, Manhalter’s pond .
Philip, Grindstone Pond .
Presho, Corkill’s lake .
Scenic, Knutson’s pond .
Warner, Papke’s pond .
Vermont:
Bellows Falls, Connecticut River .
Virginia:
Covington, McAllister’s pond .
Dillwyn, North River .
Slate River .
Gainesville, Broad Run .
Houston, Easley Mill Pond .
Occoquan, Occoquan River .
Palmyra, Rivanna River .
Urbanna, Jackson’s pond .
Washington:
Addy, Blue Lake .
Spring Lake .
Anacortes, Lake Erie .
Montesano, Silvia Lake .
Oroville, Lemonosky Lake .
West Virginia:
Bedington, Emerson’s pond .
Benwood, Riedel’s pond .
Grafton, Otter Creek Pond .
Nuttall, Chalybeate Spring Pond .
Romney, Potomac River, South Branch.
Wisconsin:
Brillion, Long Lake .
Round Lake .
Genoa, Mississippi River .
La Crosse, Mississippi River .
Mauston, Drainage Canal .
Pelican, Little Mud Lake .
Rice Lake .
Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River .
Sheboygan Falls, Sheboygan River .
Victory, Mississippi River .
Wyoming:
Lusk, “ J. M.” Company’s pond .
Moorcroft, Lone Tree Reservoir .
Newcastle, Lodge Pole Creek .
Sheridan, Big Horn Pond .
125
125
150
200
200
200
200
400
150
300
300
300
230
300
350
550
75
75
150
150
150
150
250
250
250
550
300
300
4, 166
47,418
300
300
400
172, 500
500
1,666
400
200
250
150
Total a
531,892
CARP.
Kansas:
35
West Virginia:
15
Minnesota:"
8,650
Wisconsin:
1,666
New York:
La Crosse, Mississippi River .
10,318
100
Victory, Mississippi River .
1,666
Oklahoma:
100
Mexico:
25
Vian, Allen’s pond .
Virginia:
Wytheville, Brownings Mill Pond .
Indian Creek .
15
Total .
22,710
110
10
a Lost in transit, 12,078 fingerlings.
28
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BUFFALOFISH.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Arkansas:
Helena, Mississippi River .
Minnesota:
Brownsville, Mississippi River .
178,675
8,650
Wisconsin:
Genoa, Mississippi River .
La Crosse, Mississippi River .
Victory, Mississippi River .
Total .
2,666
11,318
166
201,475
SHAD.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
District of Columbia:
New Jersey — Continued.
Washington, Anacostia
Riverton, Delaware
295,000
80,000
Potomac
Timber Creek, Delaware
682,000
120,000
Maryland:
New York:
Accokeek Creek, Potomac
New York, New York
980,000
800. 000
Broad Creek, Potomac
North Carolina:
2,504,000
Eden ton, Albemarle
Carpenters Point, North
1,360,000
47,762,000
500,000
234,000
Havre de Grace, Chesa-
Oregon:
3,485,000
Willamette, Willamette
Susquehanna
1,588,000
821,000
Pennsylvania:
Poquessing Creek, Dela-
Swan
396,000
200,000
Occoquan Bay, Potomac
Virginia:
898,000
Dogue Creek, Potomac
Pamunkey Creek, Poto-
2,401,000
5,044,000
Little Hunting Creek,
Piscataway Creek, Poto-
2, 717,000
4,621,000
Occoquan Creek, Poto-
Swan Creek, Chesapeake
Bay .
3,391,000
70, 000
Pamunkey Creek, Poto-
600.000
3,572,000
4,337,000
quehanna River . .’ .
385, 000
Washington:
New Jersey:
Camden, Delaware River
Rancocas, Delaware
90,000
803,000
Total .
2,1 GO; 000
89,076,000
River .
500,000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
29
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
. ' WHITEFISH.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Illinois:
Havana, Illinois Fish
Commission .
Michigan:
Alpena, Lake Huron .
Belle Isle, Lake St. Clair. .
Detour, Lake Huron....'. .
Lake Michigan...
Detroit, Detroit River. . . .
Escanaba, Lake Michigan.
Fish Island, Lake Supe¬
rior .
Isle Royale, Lake Supe¬
rior .
McCargoes Cove, Lake
Superior .
Marustique, Lake Michi¬
gan .
Marquette, Lake Supe¬
rior .
North Point, Lake Huron.
Skilligallee Reef, Lake
Michigan .
St. Ignace, Lake Huron . .
Sand Bay Reef, Lake
Michigan .
Scarecrow Island, Lake
Huron .
Simmons Reef, Lake
Michigan .
Whitefish Point, Lake
Superior .
Minnesota:
Duluth, Lake Superior. . .
Grand Marais, Lake Su¬
perior .
Susie Island, Lake Supe¬
rior .
4,000,000
1,000,000
9, 000, 000
0,000,000
3,000,000
10,000,000
2,000,000
490, 000
13,100,000
210, 000
2,000,000
4,655,000
9,000,000
5,000,000
2,000,000
5,000,000
5,000,000
5,000,000
5,000,000
300,000
3,000,000
3,000,000
Montana:
Anaconda, Montana State
500,000
New York:
Cape Vincent, Lake On¬
tario .
Chaumont, Lake Ontario.
Cooperstown, Otsego Lake
Fox Island, Lake Ontario.
Fullers Bay, Lake Onta¬
rio . : .
Grenadier Island, Lake
Ontario .
Hayes Point, Lake On¬
tario .
Mexico, Lake Ontario. . . .
New York, New York
Aquarium .
1,500,000
Oneida Lake, Oneida
Lake .
Wilson Bay, Lake On-
Ohio:
Catawba Island, Lake
Erie .
Isle St. George, Lake Erie.
Kelleys Island, Lake Erie.
Lakeside, Lake Erie .
Ohio State
Fish Commission .
18,000,000
Pennsylvania:
Erie, Pennsylvania Fish
Commission .
31,428,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
387,000
3, 500, 000
170,000
5,500,000
2,000,000
4,000,000
387,000
1,500,000
10,000,000
10,000,000
20,000,000
20.000
25,000,000
10,000,000
Total a
55,428,000
195, 719,000
LAKE HERRING, OR CISCO.
Ohio:
Cleveland, Lake Erie .
Isle St. George, Lake Erie.
Kelleys Island, Lake Erie.
Lakeside, Lake Erie .
Middle Bass, Lake Erie...
1,440,000
Ohio — Continned.
10,000,000
10,000,000
300,000
20,000,000
Put-in Bay, Lake Erie _
Total .
1,440,000
10,000,000
10,000,000
10,000,000
70,300,000
SILVER SALMON.
California:
Brookdale, San Lorenzo
Washington:
5,308,848
500,000
5,079,177
100,000
County Hatchery .
Pennsylvania:
100,000
Argentina:
Buenos Aires, Argentine
100,000
75,000
375,000
10,888,025
a Lost in transit, 245,000 fry.
30
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
CHINOOK SALMON.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
California:
2,286,257
1,000,000
1,549,500
300, 000
27, 214,967
New Hampshire:
7,380
100.000
51,200
New York:
5,000
3,600
25,000
3,640
Oregon :
G, 465, 300
534, 197
3,686,200
70
60
160,302
499, 930
572, 400
Washington:
349. 570
2,012,200
900,000
705.840
1,900.000
2,908,000
99, 250
200.000
95
Argentina:
37,531,417
16,342,556
66,045
BLUEBACK SALMON.
Alaska:
34,018,060
34,404,110
21,719,600
48, 160, 000
4, 404, 825
150,000
Washington:
Argentina:
100, 000
Total .
100, 000
121,130, 995
21,719,600
a Lost in transit, 1,480 flngerlings.
HUMPBACK SALMON.
Disposition.
Fry.
Alaska:
Afognak, Letnik Lake .
363, 740
1,368,000
Washington:
Birdsview, Grandy Creek .
Total .
1,731,740
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
31
STEELHEAD TROUT.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Maryland:
12,000
Michigan:
10,000
10,000
10,000
50,000
14,000
32,000
12,000
21,000
12,000
16,000
8,300
1.500
400
2.500
6,000
Minnesota:
Montana:
New York:
35,423
11,338
North Dakota:
100,000
Oregon:
1,934,835
49,503
89,850
14, 400
40,300
1,382,638
Washington:
18
50.000
25.000
25.000
Wisconsin:
14,000
10, 000
Total .
250.000
3,570,287
179,718
RAINBOW TROUT.
Alabama:
Tanner, Pecks Branch .
Arizona:
Flagstaff, Live Oak Creek .
Rock Creek .
Tucson, Sabino Creek .
Winslow, Chevelon Creek .
Arkansas:
Bald Knob, Hart’s pond .
Berry ville, Osage River .
Crickette, Yocum Creek .
Decatur, Lakeside Pond .
Elkins, White River .
Flippin, Goff’s pond.'. . . .
Greenwood, Vache Grass Creek .
Mammoth Spring, Spring River .
Springdale, Lake Vaughan .
Sulphur Springs, Williams’s pond .
California:
Brookdale, Santa Cruz County hatchery
Colorado:
Buena Vista, Chalk Creek .
Cottonwood Creek .
Middle Cottonwood Creek .
South Cottonwood Creek . .
Buffalo, Platte River .
Cimarron, Little Cimarron Creek .
Colorado Springs, Frost’s reservoir .
Creede, applicant .
Eldora, Lake Eldora . . .
Estabrook, Mendenhall Creek .
25,000
7,500
7,500
7,000
2,400
7,200
7,200
6,000
7,200
4,000
4,000
800
7, 000
7,000
200
13,680
100,000
2,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
10,000
25
8,535
3, 750
32
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry-
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Colorado— Continued.
55,000
2.500
10,000
10,500
25,000
25,000
20.000
20,000
9,000
25,000
1L 000
4,000
9,000
9,000
3,750
2,500
10,000
10, 000
7,500
10,000
2,500
10,000
12,500
10, 000
.
25,000
4,000
2,500
West Cliffe, Brush Creek Lake .
0,000
6,000
4,000
Georgia:
Clayton, Hiawassee River .
4,000
4,000
Oakman, Dry Creek .
Rabun Gap, Charley Creek .
3i 200
2,400
Flat Branch .
3,200
2, 400
4,000
2, 400
1.600
Shook Creek .
Tallulah River . *
Tate Creek . . .
Ringgold, Murphy’s pond .
Idaho:
Ashton, Eggbert Lake .
1,000
1,500
Bliss, Far View Lakes . • .
Cambridge, Little Weiser River .
1,000
Hailey .applicant .
5,000
Priest River, Skookum Pond .
500
Troy, Pineview Pond .
600
Illinois:
Havana, Illinois Fish Commission . .
41,264
Indiana:
St. Paul, Mill Creek . - .
2,000
1,000
South Bend, Beyer’s lake .
Leeper Pond .
1,000
Iowa:
Manchester, Maquoketa River .
400
3,000
600
1,000
1.500
200
2,000
3,000
2,000
2.500
2,000
5, 000
480
North McGregor, Bloodv Run .
Postville, Livinggood Creek .
Waukon, Silver Creek .
Village Creek .
Kansas-
Erie, Canville Creek .
Marion, Spring Creek .
Maryland:
Cumberland, Evitts Creek .
Lakewood Lake .
Minley Branch .
Rocky Gap Creek .
Mountain Lake Park, Broad Ford Creek .
Little Youghiogheny River .
Oakland, Browning Dam .
5,000
320
500
1,000
Harvey’s pond .
Westminster, Fairview Pond .
Michigan:
Brentcreek, Gillett’s pond .
East Tawas, Cold Creek .
Gaylord, Sturgeon River .
15,000
1,250
590
Gladwin, Cedar River .
Grayling, Tillula Lake .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
33
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Michigan — Continued.
10,000
10,000
2,000
2,000
18, 000
0,000
500
12, 000
400
1, 250
Paris, Muskegon River .
Plymouth, Millers Creek .
Rose Center, Buekhom Creek .
Titt'abawassa River .
Wingleton, Marquette River .
18, 750
Marquette River, South Branch .
3.500
1,800
3,000
2. 500
400
4, 000
400
Minnesota:
Duluth, Archer Creek . • .
Silica, Little Swan Creek .
Missouri:
Wistman Creek .
Bourbon, Blue Spring Branch .
6,190
400
Brown Springs, Brown Springs Lake .
12, 500
7, 500
Lucas Branch .
4, 000
Silver Lake Branch .
20, 000
20, 000
Exeter, Roaring River .
4, 000
6,000
55
Neosho, Hickory River .
Newburg, Little Piney River .
6, S10
4,000
~ Mill Creek." .
Reeds Spring, Moose Springs .
2,500
St. James, Meramec Springs .
6,000
St. Joseph, Missouri Fish Commission . . .
25,000
Springfield, Spring Creek .
15,000
30, 000
Verona, Spring River .
Wheaton, "Joys Creek .
400
Pogues Creek .
400
Shoal Creek .
800
Montana:
Armstead, McIntosh Creek .
1,200
Spring Creek .
1,200
2,000
2,000
2,000
Bozeman, Wild Horse Run .
Chinook, Box Elder Creek .
Columbia Falls, Fish Lake .
Delphia, Half Moon Lake .
1,000
Dillon, Ajax Creek .
960
Blacktail Deer Creek .
900
Carter Creek .
2, 400
Lake Creek .
960
North Fork River .
960
Stewart Gulch .
960
Strowbridge’s pond .
960
Tent Lake” ..." .
1,200
Van Camp Creek .
1,200
Emigrant, Dailey’s lake .
2,000
2, 000
Fortine, Fortine’Creek .
Lakeview, Cliff Lake .
4,000
10, 000
5,000
4,000
4,000
Elk Creek . . .
Elk Lake .
Hidden Lake .
Thompson, Clear Creek .
1,500
Squaw Creek .
1,500
Townsend, Duck Creek .
2, 000
Nebraska:
Andrews, White River .
10, 000
Gretna, Chadron Creek .
l'eoo
Nevada:
Verdi Boulder Riffles .
4,000
4, 000
Chalk Bluff Pools .
Marble Works Pools .
4, 000
Truckee River .
sj 000
New Jersey:
Jersey City, Witterman’s pond .
2,000
34
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
New Mexico:
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Looo
2,400
1,200
6,000
2,000
New York:
19,000
'500
2,000
41,500
5,000
400
19,000
North Carolina:
1,600
100
1,600
3i 200
4,000
75
2, 100
South Toe River .
' 125
150
4,000
3j 200
2,400
2, 400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
Bald Creek. . .
Bear Creek .
Bear Meat Creek .
Bridge Creek .
2, 400
Deep Creek .
3j 200
Galbreath Creek .
2, 400
2,400
2,400
2, 400
2,400
8,000
Grassy Branch .
Indian Creek .
Jenkins Creek . : .
Jones Creek .
Kirkland Creek .
Lands Creek .
2,400
2,400
Laurel Creek .
Little Hurricane Creek .
2,400
7,200
Long Creek .
Middle Hurricane Creek .
2,400
Mill Creek .
2,400
Nettle Creek .
2' 400
Noland Creek .
3; 200
1,600
North Fork Creek .
Peach Tree Creek .
2^400
Pigeon Creek .
2, 400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
Saw Mill Creek .
Shepherd Creek .
Silver Creek .
Una Creek .
Watkins Creek .
2^400
West Fork Creek .
ljooo
Bushnell, Chambers Creek .
3.200
2, 400
Indian Camp Creek .
Kirklin Creek .
2, 400
2,400
2,400
2,400
4,800
75
Little Laurel Creek .
Stecoah Creek .
Cherokee, Lufty Creek .
Soco Creek .
.
Cranberry, Blevin Creek .
Cranberry Creek .
75
Roaring Creek .
3,200
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
35
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
North Carolina— Continued.
Dillsboro, Big Savannah Creek .
2,400
2,400
2,400
3,200
75
4,800
2,400
3,200
4, 800
3, 200
4, 800
Dick Creek .
Savannah Creek, East Fork .
Elk Park, Banners Elk Creek .
Dutch Creek .
Elk River .
Ellijay Creek .
Tesentee Creek .
Goldsboro, Melton Pond .
3,200
4,000
4,000
4,800
1,600
2,400
Boylston~Creek .
Laurel Creek .
50
" LaurelCreek .
64,800
1,400
Linville Falls," Caleb Creek .
Cane Creek .
1,400
1,400
Irish Creek .
1,400
Linville River .
4,200
1,400
Magazine Creek .
1,400
1,400
4,000
1,400
Burgin Creek .
1,400
1,400
1.400
2.400
1.400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
2,100
2,400
2.400
1.400
700
3,200
1,400
2, 400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
2,400
2,400
3,200
1,400
1,400
2,400
800
3,200
700
3,200
450
1,475
200
1,400
1,400
2,800
1,400
Crib Creek .
1,400
36
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
North Carolina— Continued.
700
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1.400
700
4,800
1,600
2.400
4,000
2,400
2,400
3,200
3,200
2,400
75
75
75
3,200
4,000
4,000
12,000
3,200
5.600
75
3,200
1.600
1,450
2,000
1,000
500
2,000
5,000
North Dakota:
Ohio:
Oregon:
5,400
6,000
3,000
3,000
5,500
3,000
3,000
6,000
3,000
2,000
10, 116
Pennsylvania:
Bainbridge, Engle Run .
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
4,000
6,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
375
3,000
4,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
2,400
1,500
1,500
2,000
3,000
1,125
SOO
Hoffman Run .
Stackstown Run .
Benton, West Creek .
Berlin, Blue Lick Creek .
Brush Creek . .
Chambersburg, Birch Creek .
Carbaugh Run .
Hoosic Run .
Cherry Tree, Cush Creek .
Cherry Run, Penn Run .
Clarendon, Arnots Run .
Farensworth Creek .
Four Mile Run .
Tionesta Creek .
Tionesta Creek, West Branch .
Cresco, Bushkill River .
Goose Rim .
Levis Branch .
Ebensburg, Chest Creek .
Frackville^ Kaufman Dam .
Glen Iron, Penns Run .
Green Hill, Big Woods Pond .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
37
RAINBOW TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Pennsylvania — Continued .
Lanesboro, Tunkhannoek Creek .
6,000
3,000
2,000
1,500
2,000
3,000
2,000
2,250
375
4,000
5,000
7,000
6.000
375
Lehighton. Wild Creek .
Lenover, Weaver Run .
Middleport, Morgan Dam .
Millersburg, Forney Run .
Little Wieanisco Creek. .
Norristown, Elmwood Park Lake .
Paddy Mountain, Penns Run .
Pardee, Penns Run .
Ridgeway, Big Mill Creek .
Rising Springs, Penns Creek .
Somerfield, Youghiogheny Creek .
Tunkhannoek, Bowmans Creek .
Weikert, Penns Run .
South Carolina:
Cleveland, Middle Saluda River .
4,000
4,000
3,200
4,000
150
Greenville, South Saluda River .
Rosman, Cane Creek .
Estatoe Creek .
South Dakota:
Cascade Springs, Cascade Springs .
12,500
5,775
5,000
8,000
5, 325
150
Hill City, Newton Fork Creek .
5,625
2,500
2,500
5', 775
5,625
12. 500
4,500
3,750
12,500
12,500
23,150
'150
300
600
25,000
500
500
2,000
10,000
10,000
4,000
100
Tennessee:
125
1,200
75
800
800
800
1,600
3,200
1,600
100
2,450
2, 185
220
4,800
4,000
175
4. COO
3.200
50
1.000
800
125
4,800
3,200
3.200
1.600
800
SevierviUe, Layman’s pond .
59395°— 11 - 6
38
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Tennessee— Continued .
4,000
4,000
50
3,200
4,000
4,125
4,000
Wolf Creek, Wolf Creek .
Utah:
125,000
59,400
6,000
48,000
Virginia:
300
8,000
2,500
12, 000
3^000
18' 000
9,000
3,000
12,000
6,000
4,000
200
4, 800
7,000
6, 400
6, 400
12,000
'800
Natural Bridge, Cedar Creek Dam .
500
New Castle, Meadow Creek .
2,000
3,200
2,400
2,400
8,000
12, 000
8,000
1,125
300
Stanley, Henderson’s pond .
1,000
Sugar Grove, HolstonRiver, South Fork .
8,000
300
Waynesboro, Lithia Pond.. . .
West Point, Remlick Hall Pond .
3,000
6,400
Wytheville' Cove Creek .
Washington:
Colville, Black Lake .
2, 000
Colville River .
3,000
4,000
Harrington, Crab Creek .
Republic, Granite Creek .
4,000
18
Seattle, Exposition Aquarium .
Sumner. Salmon Creek Pond .
1,000
3,000
1,500
Valley, Bond Lake .
West Virginia:
Blake, Loup Creek .
Capon Springs, Trout Run .
3,650
Yellow Stream Gap .
3; 650
750
Holly Junction, Elk River . .
Keyser, Patterson Creek .
4, 300
2.500
7. 500
1,000
Marlinton, Elk River .
Midvale, Middle Fork River .
Rippon, Wiest’s pond .
Seebert, Cranberry Creek .
38, 500
3,000
21,000
Spring Creek, Sinking Creek .
Stonewall, Piney Creek .
Surveyor, Clay Pond .
'500
White Sulphur Springs, Howard Creek .
3,000
2,000
Spring Branch .
Wildell, Greenbrier River .
5, 000
Laurel Run .
b, 000
Wright, Piney Run .
24, 000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS. 1910.
39
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Wisconsin:
3,000
3,000
1,200
3,000
1.500
2.500
3, 000
3,000
1,200
1.500
3, 000
4,000
5,000
Chimney Rock Creek .
Kendall, Lumsden Creek .
Wyoming:
12,000
3,600
2,000
2, 000
7,000
1,000
1,500
300
10, 000
10, 000
' 15, 000
Japan:
110,000
Total a .
556, 494
595, 616
1, 705, 328
ATLANTIC SALMON.
District of Columbia:
100
76,500
5, 139
41,000
33,000
82, 413
60
Maine:
1,217, 366
New York:
5,000
5, 000
1,217,366
288,212
1
LANDLOCKED SALMON.
Idaho:
4,000
Maine:
7,500
33, 000
7,500
2,000
2,000
2, 751
24, 750
16, 500
16,500
6,000
30, 000
5, 000
15, 000
10, 500
13
25, 000
2,000
6,000
20, 000
24, 750
a Lost in transit, 18,100 fry.
40
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued,
LANDLOCKED SALMON— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Maine— Continued .
9,000
4,500
24,750
24,750
24,750
4, 500
65, 000
316, 440
24, 750
24, 750
32,000
5,000
4,500
17, 700
10,500
18,000
13,500
24, 750
9,000
50,000
70,000
21,000
6,000
30,000
3,500
3,000
15,000
24, 750
6,000
6,000
7,500
6,000
24,750
6,000
5,700
15,000
Michigan:
10,000
20,000
Montana:
8,000
New York:
15,000
15,000
14,500
30,000
Vermont:
Averill, Averill Pond .
1,000
2,000
Brandon, Lake Dunmore .
2,500
1,000
Washington:
Ephrata, Moses Lake .
5,000
11,400
Wisconsin:
Luck, McKenzie Lake .
Wyoming:
Lander, Christiana Lake .
'
5.000
5, 000
Argentina:
Buenos Aires, Argentine Government .
25,000
Total <» .
115,000
974,040
301,064
BLACKSPOTTED TROUT.
Arizona:
Grand Canyon, Hull Pond .
Little Hull Pond
Colorado:
Antoni to, Conejos River .
La .Tara River .
Cardinal, Develin Lakes and Creek
Cascade, Cascade Brook .
Cebolla, Elk Creek .
Gunnison River .
Red Creek .
Cimarron, Little Cimarron River. .
Cliff, Platte River .
DeBeque, Bull Creek Lake .
19,440
4,320
9,500
10, 000
10, 000
25, 790
4, 000
10, 000
4,800 I
15,000 )
a Lost in transit, 11,000 fry and 2,300 fingerlings.
3,750
3,750
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
41
Details op Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
. BLACKSPOTTED TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Colorado— Continued.
Denver, Colorado Fish Commission .
Dillon, Rock Creek .
Slate Creek .
Straight Creek .
Fort Collins, Cache la Poudre River .
Pine Creek .
Glenisle, Platte River .
Glenwood Springs, Mitchell Creek .
Grand Valley, Parachute Creek .
Gunnison, Bird Lakes .
Insmont, Rock Creek . .' .
Loveland, Big Thompson .
Marshall, South Boulder Creek .
Molina, Cottonwood Creek .
Cottonwood Lakes .
East Bull Creek .
Monte Vista, Rock Creek, South Fork .
Montrose, Big Red Canyon Creek .
Spring Creek .
West Dry Creek .
Nast, Frying Pan River .
New Castle, Divide Creek .
Parlin, Quartz Creek .
Pine Grove, Elk Creek .
Ridgway, Cow Creek .
Dallas Creek .
Rifle, Williams River .
Salida, Arkansas River .
Little River... .
PonchaCreek .
South Fork, Rio Grande River, South Fork
Wheeler, West Tenmile Creek .
Idaho:
Bonner County, Bonanza Lake .
Darsey, Stevens Peak Lake .
Greer, Wells Pond .
McCammon, Mountainview Lake .
Rupert, Lake Walcott .
Soda Springs, Knollins Springs .
Spirit Lake, Kit Carson Creek .
Twin Falls, Blue Lake Creek .
Wallace, Lost Lake .
Michigan:
Detroit, Detroit Aquarium .
Montana:
225,000
3,600
3,600
3,600
30, 700
31,010
3,600
10,000
10,000
4,000
2.400
40, 746
14,400
10,000
52, 748
10,000
6, 000
8,000
6,000
6,000
10. 500
12. 500
6,000
4,800
12, 000
12, 000
22, 000
22.500
7,500
10, 000
6, 000
8.400
50, 000
10,000
7.500
2.500
3,000
12,000
3,000
5,000
7, 500
10,000
Anaconda, Montana Fish Commission . 550, 000
Baker, Baker Lake .
Ballantine, Arrow Creek .
Belton, Lake McDonald .
Big Timber, Big Boulder River .
Bozeman, West Gallatin River, South Fork .
Butte, Columbia Gardens Hatchery . 440,000
Chinook, Peoples Creek .
Chinook, Snake Creek . " _
Craig, Burke’s reservoir .
Darby, Tin Cup Lake .
Dorsey, Checkerboard Creek . ’ * . .
Little Birch Creek . """
Woods Gulch Creek .
Harlowton, Musselshell River .
Havre, Clear Creek .
Helena, Chessman Reservoir .
Josephine, Sixteen Mile Creek .
Kalispell, Corneilson’s spring .
Corneilson’s lake .
Howser’s lake .
Lewistown, Beaver Creek .
Big Casino Creek .
Big Spring Creek .
Casino Creek .
Cottonwood Creek .
Surprenant’s pond .
Livingston, Fitzpatrick’s pond .
Trowbridge Creek .
Martinsdale, Musselshell River, North Fork .
Missoula, Bitter Root River .
Monarch, Tillinghast Creek .
Neihart, Belt Creek .
16,000
4,000
12,000
4,000
5, 000
8,000
8,000
6,000
10,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,000
6,000
8,000
8,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
14,000
6,000
12,000
12,000
2,000
4,000
8,000
10,000
6,000
6,000
42
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BLACKSPOTTED TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Montana— Continued .
2,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
12,000
Nebraska:
Nevada:
298,300
85,000
3,000
3,000
123,800
3,000
6,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
16,450
633,020
New Mexico:
14, 400
4,800
6,000
15,000
7,200
New York:
25,000
50,000
Oregon:
45
12,000
12,000
16,000
8,000
14,214
20,000
175,000
50,000
Pennsylvania:
South Dakota:
10,000
7,000
16,000
6,000
35,000
9,000
30,000
5,000
30,000
21,000
35,000
8,000
5,000
30,000
12,500
2,500
6,000
47,750
5,000
6,000
40,000
25,000
*
Rapid City*, Electric Light Pond .
Rapid Creek .
Spring Creek .
Utah:
50,000
20,000
Virginia:
Sweet Chalybeate, Sweet Springs Branch .
2,480
42
5,000
737
600
10,000
Washington:
50,000
Winona, Palouse River .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
43
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BLACKSPOTTED TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Wyoming:
Beulah, Crystal Springs .
6,000
15,000
Crook County, Sand Creek .
400,000
11,200
4,200
5,600
5,600
8,400
Raft Lake .
175,000
. 21,250
500,000
15,000
18,750
France:
10,000
2, 748, 550
1,756,094
906,654
LOCH LEVEN TROUT.
South Dakota:
68,248
LAKE TROUT.
Colorado:
24, 700
Idaho:
18,000
4,000
Illinois:
500,000
Maine:
11,000
11,000
11, 000
263,922
11,000
11,000
10, 000
11,000
9,000
756,000
756, 000
2, 268, 000
756, 000
2,000,000
Massachusetts:
Michigan:
10, 000
150, 000
1,512,000
600, 000
‘ 700, 000
1,975,000
Isle Royale, Lake Superior .
2,052,500
600,000
275, 000
1,025,000
16,000
150, 000
1, 400, 000
1,400,000
2,050,000
756, 000
756, 000
1, 400, 000
2, 000, 000
3,500
756,000
700, 000
Sault Ste. Maris, Michigan Fish Commission .
3, 666, 666
a Lost in transit, 9,740 fry.
44
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LAKE TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Michigan — Continued.
1, 950, 000
756,000
1,512,000
780, 000
660, 000
2, 000, 000
Minnesota:
20,000
20,000
6,900
Montana:
New York:
40,000
450, 000
40,000
100, 000
1, 000, 000
32, 000
1,627,000
750,000
24,000
450, 000
150, 000
40, 000
100, 000
North Dakota:'
20,000
Oregon:
11,300
17,500
30,000
35, 000
17, 500
17,500
Pennsylvania:
Vermont:
3,370
15,000
35,000
14,000
17, 500
Wisconsin:
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
16, 000
3,880
4, 500, 000
32,000
10,000
12,000
12,000
Argentina:
50,000
Total a .
10,210,000
33,645,922
4,286, 150
BROOK TROUT.
Arizona:
Jerome, Beaver Creek .
Dragoon Creek .
Thompson Creek .
West Fork Creek .
Tucson, Sabino Creek .
California:
McCloud, Wheelers Creek .
Point Reyes, Paper Mill Creek.
Colorado:'
Antonito, Conejos River .
Basalt, Luna Creek .
Berrys Ranch, Eagle River....
Black Hawk, Dory Lake .
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
15,000
50,000
24, 165
20,000
25,000
9.000
7,000
a Lost in transit, 4,000 fry.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
45
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
arid adults.
Colorado — Continued .
30,000
4,500
8,000
16,000
8,000
12, 500
7,000
35, 000
15, 000
15,000
5,100
10,200
5, 100
30,000
20, 000
27,500
6,000
10, 000
10,000
10,000
1.500
8.500
6,800
West Bull Creek .
10,000
100, 000
25, 000
100,000
12,500
30,000
30,000
40, 000
38,000
25,000
15,000
25,000
12,000
24,000
20, 000
16, 000
12,000
15,000
12, 500
5,000
3,000
15,000
15,000
1,000
10,000
15,000
50,000
10,000
10, 000
15,000
18, 000
25,000
15,000
15,000
8.000
19.950
10.000
11.950
39,000
40
2,000
20,000
24,000
24,000
20,000
25,000
250,000
20,000
4,000
44,000
15,000
25.000
15,000
44,000
Willow Creek . .
46
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Colorado— Continued.
30,000
15,000
15,000
100,000
80,000
30,000
13, 600
11,900
10.200
2,000
7,900
12,500
16,000
10,000
15, 000
20,000
15,000
4,000
15, 000
10,000
4, 000
2,000
20,000
3,880
20,000
10, 000
10, 000
15,000
28, 500
15,000
Ridgway, Dolores River .
3,600
1,800
10, 000
25,000
Spearhead Lake .
2,400
28,000
40, 000
Woodbridge Pond .
Sawpit, Sylvan Lake .
6, 700
South Fork, Beaver Creek .
12,500
12, 500
12,500
Elk Creek . , .
Goupel Creek .
South Platte River .
22, 500
Trout Creek .
12,500
25,000
15, 000
10,000
15,000
Steamboat Springs, Bear River .
■yampa River .
Texas Creek, Spruce Creek Reservoir .
7,200
2, 400
Thomas ville, Spring Creek .
Woods Lake .
200,000
23,000
Tolland, South Boulder Creek .
Trinidad, McWilliams Pond .
4,000
10,000
5,000
16,500
South Lake .
Twin Lakes, Lake Creek .
Webster, Platte River .
98, 000
Venable Creek .
10,800
Wheeler, Black Creek .
15,000
Wolcott, Eagle Creek .
6,000
2,000
Woottoh, Sugarite Creek .
Connecticut:
Botsford, Halfway River .
12,000
Danbury, Willow' Brook .
300
Greenwich, Byram River .
8,000
New Haven, Spring Glen Pond .
300
400
600
Norwich, Billings Brook .
Broad Brook .
Choate Brook .
7,500
7,500
7,500
Pease Brook .
Stony Brook .
Saybrook Junction, Hart Brook .
300
Stamford, Mill Creek .
20,000
30,000
12,000
16,000
32,000
IB, 000
16,000
Rippewan River .
Stratford, Brookdale Pond .
Tariffville, Three Cornered Pond .
Waterbury, Andrews Pond .
Hancock Pond .
Hop Brook .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
47
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Connecticut— Continued.
16,000
8,000
8,000
Osborne Brook .
Potatuck River .
23,000
Delaware:
4,000
2,400
4,000
1,800
1,200
3,000
1,000
900
Georgia:
Idaho:
900
900
900
2,000
0,000
1,500
2,000
6,000
1,200
1,200
4.500
1,200
1.500
2,000
1,500
-
2, 000
1,500
1,500
2,000
000
Illinois:
300
300
Indiana:
1,950
2,000
1.950
1,000
3.950
Iowa:
6,000
6,000
7. 500
Kentucky:
10,000
Maine:
500
30,000
30,000
20,000
15,000
20,000
1,800
1,500
21,500
25,000
30,000
1,500
30, 000
80,000
15, 000
1,500
600
15,000
750
25,000
21,000
35,000
50,000
20,000
25,000
37^500
900
1,500
600
• Chace Pond .
1,500
48
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Maine — Continued .
Farmington, Chain of Ponds .
3,000
1.500
1.500
1,600
1.500
3,000
1.500
1,500
1,400
Grant Pond .
Gull Pond .
Lufkift Pond .
1 .
Redington Creek .
SandyRiver .
Tufts Pond .
Green Lake, Ducktail Pond .
20,000
25,000
15,000
Partridge Pond .
Snowshoe Pond .
Greenville Junction. Moosehead Lake .
1,500
Harrington, Schoodic Lake .
35,000
Holeb, “Little Pond .
1,500
Jackman, Hatchery Brook .
15,000
15.000
15,000
1,500
Thompson Brook .
Katahdin Iron Works, Big Houston Pond .
1.500
3.500
Little Houston Pond .
35,000
30,000
37.500
20,000
Kineo, Cany Creek .
Moosehead Lake .
4,500
Lincoln, Long Pond .
Livermore Falls, Long Pond .
1,500
Lowelltown, Bog Brook .
12,500
12,500
12,500
30,000
Deer Pond .
Lowell Pond .
Machias, Bog Lake .
Monmouth, Baker Pond .
1,500-
1,500
Jimmy Pond .
Mosquito, Baker Pond .
10,000
15,000
Onawa, Upper Boarstone Pond .
•
Oquossoc, "Rangeley Lakes .
2, 25(
Otis, Green Lake .
100,000
Oxford, Hall Pond .
1,200
Perry, Bovden J^ake .
40,000
37,500
40,000
Phillips, Carlton Pond .
Philips Lake, Philips Lake .
Portage, Portage Lake . . .
2,100
1,500
GOO
Rumford Falls, Howard Pond .
Sedgwick, Thurston Brook .
South Paris, Pennesseewassee Lake .
17,500
Shagg Pond .
1,500
Washburn Pond .
15,000
Tunk Pond, Tunk Pond .
1,500
Unity, Sandy Creek .
30,000
25,000
West Ellsworth, Pattens Pond. . .
West Paris, Abbot Pond .
1,200
1,500
600
Little Concord Pond .
Washburn Pond .
Wilton, Webb Pond .
17,500
York Beach, Otter Pond .
450
1,000
2,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
400
500
800
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
500
500
1,000
1,000
2,000
Maryland:
Annapolis, Alcorn Branch. .
Bel Air, Barnes Run .
Cool Spring Run .
Durham’s brook .
Elbow Brook .
Flint Mill Brook .
Graveyard Brook .
Hollands Brook .
Johnson’s brook .
Stoner Creek .
Wysong Brook .
Deer Park, Altamont Pond .
Block Run .
Pond Run .
Trout Run .
Elkridge, Stony Run .
Fallston, South Fork Brook .
Glyndon, Lake Jorosa .
Hagerstown, Marsh Run .
Mill Spring Run .
Highland, Heaps Brook'. .
Minefield Brook .
Ramsey Brook .
Hutton, Crystal Lake .
...
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
49
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs. ,
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Maryland — Continued .
handover, Eccles Pond .
Monkton, Curtis Brook .
Matthews Branch .
Patterson Brook .
Phelps and Reynolds Branch .
Mountain Lake Park, Pine Run .
New Freedom, Ruhls Branch .
Oakland, Cherry Creek .
Deep Creek .
Dunker Lick Creek .
Hamill’s lake .
Harrington Creek .
Harvey's pond .
Millers Run .
Wilsons Lake . . .
Rockland Station, Green Springs Run .
Ruxton, Rockland Creek . y .
Sharon, Magnes Brook .
Smithsburg, Oswald Run .
Silver Falls Creek .
Warner Gap Run .
Stoyer, Sand Run .
Thurmont, Hunting Creek .
Westminster, Fairview Pond .
Wilson, Laurel Run .
Massachusetts:
Athol, Swift River . I
Clinton, Nashua River . <
Concord, Punkatasset Pond . i
Fitchburg, Lord Brook . i
Mulpus Brook .
Greenfield, Fisk Pond .
Groton, Hunkerty Brook . 1
Holyoke, Man Han River .
Williamsett Brook . I
Lawrence, Schubert’s pond .
North Adams, Iloosac River, North Branch .
Hudson Brook .
Northampton, Running Gutter Creek .
South Hanson, Poors Creek .
Tolland, Slocum Brook . 1
Waltham, Pequod Brook .
School House Brook .
Westfield, Big Powder Mill Brook .
Farmington River, East Branch . . .
Little River .
Powder Mill Brook . 1
Weston, Draper Brook .
West Townsend, Allison’s pond .
Williamsburg, Clary Pond .
Highland Brook .
Michigan:
Addison, Posy Creek . !
Alger, Bear Creek .
Wells Creek . j
Alpena, Davis Creek . 1
Newton Creek . . .
Watson Creek . .
Widner Creek .
Baldwin, Baldwin Creek . .
Battle Creek, Sevenmile Brook .
Bellaire, Shanty Creek . . .
Biteley, Marquette River . '. .
Branch, Weldon Creek .
Brighton, Ore Creek .
Calumet, Eagle Creek .
Mosquito Creek .
Central Lake, Central Lake Brooks .
Clare, Tobacco River, North Branch .
East Tawas, Vaughn Creek .
Gladwin, Cedar River .
Smith Creek .
Grand Marais, Grand Marais Creek .
Greenville, Berridges Creek .
Hale, Hale Creek .
Smith Creek .
500
1,000
500
500
500
500
1,000
1,500
2,200
1,800
1,000
2, 300
320
1,800
500
1,000
1,000
500
500
500
500
400
1,500
500
1,500
20,000
16, 000
4,000
12,000
8, 000
8,000
600
600
900
500
600
700
300
500
500
700
500
1,200
500
1,400
700
500
300
180
300
300
5,000
10, 000
12,000
9,000
9,000
12,000
15,000
16*666
12,000
18,000
15,000
10, 000
9,000
9,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
6,000
4,000
3,000
1,000
10,000
2,000
50
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Michigan — Continued .
Hillsdale, Kirby Brook .
3,000
Holland. Half Way Creek .
6,000
Interlochen, Betsie River .
3,000
Kalamazoo, Haden Brook .
15, 000
12,000
Silver Creek .
Kingsley, Boardman River .
2,000
2,000
2,000
East Creek .
Mayfield Brook .
Little Manistee, Little Manistee River
20,000
25,000
20, 000
10, 000
Lovells, Au Sable River, North Branch . «
Big Creek .
Crapo Creek .
Mandan, Montreal River .
6,000
Millersburg, Indian Creek .
12,000
15,000
15,000
12,000
9,000
12,000
10.000
Little Ocqueoc River .
Ocqueoc River .
Muskegon, Cedar Creek .
Silver Creek .
Newaygo, Bigton Creek .
Northville, Townsend Creek .
Peacock, Au Sable River .
3.000
10,000
6,000
6,000
Manistee River .
Petersburg, Crystal Pond .
Phoenix, Gratiot River .
Roscommon, Barnes Creek .
5,000
5, 000
5,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
Beaver Creek .
Cedar Creek .
Cold Creek .
Durant Creek .
Willow Creek .
Standish, Lundy Creek .
6,000
4,000
4.000
4,000
4,000
Sweetwater, Sweetwater Creek .
White Cloud, White River .
Wingleton, Bowman Creek .
Cedar Creek .
Danahar Creek .
15.000
Minnesota:
Alborn, Ericsson Creek .
600
10, 000
4, 000
4,000
9.200
6,000
5,300
10,000
6, 000
6,000
900
2,000
12, 000
6,000
1.200
4,000
10,000
800
7,500
10.000
6.000
4,000
2,000
600
2, 400
400
2.000
2,400
2, 000
600
2,800
10,000
8,000
10,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2.000
2.000
1.000
2,000
Beaver Crossing, Beaver Creek .
Budd Creek .
Little Split Rock River .
Split Rock River .
Split Rock River, East Branch. .
Canton, Weisel Creek .
Carlton, Otter Creek .
Cloquet, Otter Creek .
Squaw Creek .
Deephaven, Jennison Creek .
Kokesh Creek .
.
Duluth, Endion Brook .
.
Lester Creek, East Branch .
Temperance River .
Fond du Lac, Mission Creek .
Fosston, Poplar Lake .
Hibbing, O’Brien Brook .
Hovland, Upper Brule River .
Knife River, Micmac Lake .
Mountain Brook .
Nigadoo Brook .
Lewiston, Enterprise Creek. . .
Gunther Valley Creek .
Hemmingway Creek .
Laufenbergs Valley Creek .
Pine Creek . ;
Rush Creek .
Stockton Valley Creek .
Whitestone Creek, Middle Branch
Whitewater Creek, South Branch
Little Falls, Hillman Creek .
Okesippi Creek .
Skunk Greek .
Minnesota Citv, Rear Creek .
Rollingstone Creek, North Branch . . .
RollingstoneCreek, Rupprecht Valiev Branch
Preston, Bear Creek .
Camp Creek .
Forestville Creek, North Branch _
Forestville Creek, South Branch .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
51
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Minnesota — Continued .
Preston, Partridge Creek .
1,000
1,500
2,000
400
1,000
4,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Sugar Creek .
W atson Creek .
Redwood, Schmidts Creek .
Rochester, Bear Creek .
Rollins Siding, Bates Creek .
Pine Creek .
Rushford, Big Spring Creek .
Camp Creek .
Choice Creek .
Coolidge Creek .
Ensend Creek .
Enterprise Creek .
1,000
Ferguson Creek .
1,000
Gribbin Creek .
1,000
1,000
Hemingway Creek .
1,000
1,000
Jansens Creek .
Johnson Creek .
l’ooo
Meade Creek .
1,000
Onstine Creek .
1,000
Opheim Creek .
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Paterson Creek .
Pine Creek .
Tangen Creek .
Voagen Creek .
1.000
Wilson Creek .
1,000
1,000
Saginaw, Demsey Creek .
4,000
1,000
1,500
St. Charles, Campbells Spring Branch .
Carters Run?. . .
Crows Creek .
1,500
1,000
Drakes Creek .
1,000
400
400
Pine Creek . .
2,000
2,000
6,000
Trout Run .
4,500
800
400
1,400
1,000
800
400
Ferguson Creek. .” .
400
1,000
1,000
1.600
1,000
600
Marev Creek .
1.000
400
600
600
1,600
1 , 000
600
1,400
1,000
2,000
400
.
1,000
Missouri:
100,000
Montana:
1.200
2,800
1,600
.
22,500
3,500
2,000
12,000
Boulder. Buffalo Creek .
2,000
52
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Montana— Continued .
4,000
36,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
6,000
3.500
15,000
18,000
1.500
*
1,500
2,000
2^000
2,000
1.500
3.500
1,800
600
4,000
1,800
5,500
2,000
7.500
2,000
2,000
9,000
4,000
4,000
3,000
1,500
9,000
3,000
2,800
9,000
7,500
5,000
5,000
5,000
2,000
1,500
4,000
Nebraska:
15,000
30, 000
600
Nevada:
3,600
New Hampshire:
16,000
30, 000
40. 000
40.000
12, 000
20, 000
1,500
1,500
1,500
8,000
12,000
8. 000
4,000
8,000
16,000
8, 000
8,000
8,000
12, 000
12, 000
12, 000
8, 000
180
220
180
6,000
16,000
20, 000
Ashuelot River, East Branch .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
53
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
New Hampshire— Continued.
Laconia, Follett Brook .
6, 000
12, 000
8,000
20,000
5,000
Gilford Brook . .
Lebanon, Cranberry Pond .
Lisbon, Star Crescent Pond .
Madison, Silver Lake .
Manchester. Dalton Brook .
180
Manter Brook .
12,000
8,000
Nigger Creek .
Prescott Brook .
180
Nashua, Budro Brook .
6,000
Chase Brook .
180
Cider Mill Brook .
8,000
12, 000
Gibson Brook .
Newburv, Lake Sunapee . . .
6,000
New London, Barber ‘Brook .
6,000
Newport, Cutts Brook .
1,000
Penacook, Brickyard Brook .
6,000
6,000
12, 000
Tannery Brook .
Peterboro, Nay Brook .
Pike, Eastman Brook .
500
Plymouth, Little Glen Ponds .
48, 000
8, 000
Portsmouth, Marston Brook .
Peverly Brook .
250
Potter Place, Fellows Meadow Brook .
6,000
Raymond, Fordway Brook .
180
180
180
180
Jose Dudley Brook .
Pine Hill Brook .
Scribner Brook .
Sanbornville, Pike Brook . .
16, 000
8,000
South Brookline, Rockwood Pond .
South Lyndeboro, Herrick Brook . . .
180
Warner, Meadow Mills Creek .
8,000
12,000
8,000
12,000
16,000
12,000
Stevens Hill Creek .
Wentworth, Baker River .
Wilton, Miller Brook .
Purgatory Brook .
Stonv Brook .
Winchester, Willard Pond .
1,000
Wolfeboro, Ilaith Brook .
12,000
New Jersey:
Elberon, Wlialepond Brook .
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Passaic, McDaniels Brook .
Pattenburg, Manunselocwa Creek .
Pompton Lakes, Haycock Brook .
Princeton, applicant . .
1,000
Salem, Coilihs Run .
1,500
1,500
1, 500
500
500
500
5,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
3,200
2,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
1,600
Cool Run .
Easter Run .
South Ogdenburg, Kinney Brook .
Sparta, Pullis Stream .
Sherman Mine Brook .
New Mexico:
Alamogordo, Spring Canon Pond .
Glorieta, El Reto de la Arrhaw .
J>as Vegas, Sapello River .
Santa Fe, Rio Grande Live Stock Co.'s lake .
Rio del Medio. Creek .
Santa Fe River .
Tesuque Creek .
Silver City, Glenwood Pond .
Glenwood Springs'. .
Wagon Mound, Tison Creek .
New York:
Adams, South Sandy Creek .
24, 000
Afton, Cady Creek. .
500
500
1,000
1,000
Cornell Creek .
North Afton Brook .
Pixly Brook .
Altmar, Beaver Dam Brook .
12,000
16,000
24,000
Potts Mill Brook .
Salmon River .
Apulia Station, Cascade Brook .
1,500
500
1,000
1,500
600
1,000
Cold Brook .
Conklin Brook .
Dodge Brook .
Gallinger Brook .
Gleason Brook .
59395°— 11 - 7
54
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Egos — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
iv York— Continued.
Apulia Station, Grady Brook .
600
6,000
1,500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Johnson Brook .
June Brook .
Keeler Brook .
Lee Brook .
Newman Brook .
Osborne Brook .
Auburn, North Brook .
20, 000
24, 000
20, 000
12, 000
12, 000
24, 000
Salmon Brook .
Sennett Brook .
Barneveld, Big Drumlin Pond .
Beaver River, Beaver River .
Twitchell Creek . • .
Bellport, Osborne Creek .
500
Berlin, Little Iloosick River.
16,000
16,000
8, 000
20, 000
8, 000
6, 000
Bliss, Wiscoy Creek .
Wiscoy Creek, North Branch .
Blossvale, Fish Creek .
Brainard, Black Brook .
Budlong Brook .
Buffalo, New York State Cancer Laboraiory .
250
Cambridge, Blair Brook . ' .
12,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
6,000
8, 000
16, 000
16,000
12, 000
8,000
12, 000
12, 000
Pammanook Creek .
Rice Brook .
Canton, Baldwin Brook .
Buck Brook .
Clark Brook .
Dean Brook .
Giflin Brook . ......
Granis Brook .
Howard Brook .
Leonard Brook .
Little River .
MeFadden Brook .
Pleasant Brook .
Taylor Brook .
Cattaraugus, Cattaraugus Creek, West Branch .
Central Bridge, Grosvenor Pond .
500
1,500
600
Cincinnatus, Brakel Creek . i .
Cooperstown, Iroquois Farm Ponds .
Corinth, Sturdevan Brook .
12,000
Cornwell, Mineral Spring Creek .
1,000
1,500
2,000
Dryden, Virgil Creek .
Edmeston, Wharton Creek .
Floodwood, Ledge Pond .
24, 000
Georgetown Station, Gladding Brook .
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
600
600
1,000
1,500
'
Middletown Creek .
Plank Creek .
Thompson Brook .
Greene, Crandall Brook. . . T . '. .
Highland Falls, Queens boro Creek .
Hoosick Falls, Case Brook . , .
8, 000
12,000
16,000
Shingle Hollow Creek .
White Creek .
Iona Island, Doodletown Brook. . . .
1,000
Livingston Manor, Beaverkill River. .
10,000
7,500
Mahopac, Hillsboro Lake. . .
2.500
1,000
1.500
Marathon, Hunts Creek .
Merrills Creek .
Newark, Military Brook Pond.. .
8,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
6,000
8,000
4,000
8,000
8,000
16, 00C
New Lebanon, Burnemead Brook .
Church Brook .
Cold Spring Brook .
Hull Brook .
150
Lost Brook .
Mahar Brook .
Meadow Brook .
Shaker Mill Brook .
150
150
Thomas Brook .
55
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
New York — Continued.
New Lebanon, Tilden Brook .
150
West Meadow Brook .
8,000
Wyomonock Creek .
500
New York, New York Aquarium .
10,000
Northville, Barkers Stream .
10, 000
Onativia, Hiscock Brook .
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
2.500
1.500
2,000
1,000
Kennellys Brook .
Morgan Brook .
Montgomery Brook .
Oneonta, Butternut Creek .
Otsego Creek .
Ouleous Creek .
Otego, Otsdawa Creek .
Paul Smiths, Lower St. Regis Lake .
18,000
Patterson, Croton River .
2,500
2,500
Quaker Brook .
Prospect, Big Rock Lake .
24,000
16,000
16,000
10, 000
5,000
5,000
7,500
6,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
13,500
8,000
Randolph, Little Conewango Creek .
Rome, Canada Creek .
Point Rock Creek .
Roscoe, Abewood Brook .
Appley Brook .
Beaverkill River .
Berry Brook .
Darbee Brook .
Shin Brook .
Stewart Brook .
Tennanah Lake .
Willowemoc River .
Salamanca, Stoddards Pond .
Saugerties, Dwaskill Creek .
2,000
1,800
Swartzwood, Jackson Hollow Creek .
Syracuse, Carpenter Brook .
16,000
8,000
8,000
20,000
De Montforde Creek .
Thurman, Millington Brook .
6,000
Veli Pond .
Valley Stream, Trout Lake .
1,000
Watertown, French Creek .
4,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
24,000
24, 000
Kings Creek .
Knapp Creek .
Waterville, Oriskany Creek .
Townsend Creek .
Williamstown, Carterville Pond .
Willsboro, Warm Pond .
North Carolina:
Addie, Scotts Creek .
3,200
4,800
4,000
1,600
1,600
500
1,000
2.500
2,000
1,000
2,000
1.500
1,000
4,000
800
1,600
2,400
2.400
6.400
500
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
1,000
500
Apalachia, Cane Creek .
Sular Creek .
Balsam, Dark Ridge Creek .
Woodfin Creek .
Black Mountain, Long Branch Creek .
Middle Fork Creek .
Montreat Lake .
Silver Fork .
Sugar Creek .
Swannanoa River, North Fork .
Boonford, Ayles Creek .
Cane River, Elk Fork .
Brevard, Middlesex Branch .
Craggy, Wells’s pond .
Dilfsboro, Brushyfork Creek .
Elk Park, Elk River .
Hickory Creek .
Winkler Creek .
Glenwood, Goose Creek .
Mashburn Creek .
Greenlee, Bear Creek .
Bobs Fork Creek .
Graybeard Creek .
Greenlee Fork Creek .
Haw Branch .
Huskins Creek .
Jarretts Creek .
Little Shoals Creek .
Logan Creek .
Lone Fork Creek .
Mountain Creek . . . . .
Nahlets Creek . 1...
56
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
North Carolina— Continued.
500
Rock House Creek .
500
She Bear Creek .
1,000
lj 000
'500
500
1,000
1,000
1.000
3; 200
14, 000
10,000
2,000
Linville Falls, Catawba River, North Fork .
500
1,500
500
1,000
'500
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
Limekiln Creek .
1,000
1,000
1' 000
1,000
1,000
1,000
'500
1,600
2300
2,400
4,000
Linville River .
4, 800
1,600
Z, 200
1,000
2, 400
3' 200
2, 400
2,400
3,200
2,400
2' 400
2, 400
1,600
'500
500
500
3,200
3,200
1,600
1,600
l' 600
ljeoo
3,200
3,200
3,200
1,600
L600
1,600
3; 200
1,600
l' 600
\ , 600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
Whittier. Conley Creek .
L600
57
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
. BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Ohio:
Bellefontaine, Macochee Creek .
Spring Branch .
3,000
Cleveland, Canyon Spring .
Mansfield, Golf Spring Run .
Mercer Creek .
Mercer Lake .
Niles Run .
3,000
Reynolds Run .
Ravena, Spring Creek .
3*000
Urbana, P'owefis Brook .
Oklahoma:
Carrier, Spring Bark Creek .
600
400
Weatherford, Deer Creek .
Oregon:
Baker City, Daly Creek .
5,000
4,000
4,000
3,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
Duncan, Meacham Creek .
Gibbon, Umatilla River .
Hilgard, Spring Creek .
Milwaukee, Crystal Lake .
Oregon City, Abemethv River .
Clear Creek .
Rock Creek Pond .
9,000
9,800
Woodcock River .
Pennsylvania:
Allentown, Cedar Creek . .
3,000
500
Altoona, Big Laurel Run .
Burgoon Run .
500
500
Demmaree Run .
500
500
Green Springs Run .
500
Juniata Gap Run .
500
500
500
500
500
500
1,200
1,000
2,500
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
L000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Looo
Looo
1,000
1,000
l',000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
i.ooo
1,500
3,000
1,500
2,000
500
1,000
1,500
500
500
500
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
500
2,1X10
1,000
500
2,000
Birdsboro. Molasses Pond .
300
58
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Pennsylvania — Continued.
500
600
1,200
500
2,000
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
4,000
2,500
2,500
375
500
1,000
1,000
i; 500
1,000
i; ooo
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
1,000
1,000
1,200
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,200
2,000
1,500
1,000
1.000
1,000
1,500
1,000
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
500
Samples Run . I.., .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
59
Details op Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Pry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Pennsylvania— Continued.
2,000
2,000
500
2,000
2,000
500
500
Glen Isle Run .
Rock Run .
Bash Run .
500
500
California Run .
Clear Spring Run .
500
David Evans Pond .
500
500
500
500
500
1,000
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
1,000
2,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
2,800
600
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,500
500
2,500
1,000
400
600
1,800
1,000
500
1,125
1,800
1,800
1,000
600
1,000
1,500
1,000
500
500
.
1,000
1,000
500
500
1,000
500
500
1,000
500
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
.
500
1,000
Pavnter Brook .
.
500
60
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Pennsylvania — Continued .
1,000
500
Rout Creek .
West Braneh .
1,000
Hopewell, BeaverCreek .
2,000
500
Otts Run .
Three Spring Run .
500
Yellow Creek .
1,000
500
3,000
1,000
1,500
Stone Creek .
Trough Creek .
1,500
1 , 000
1,000
Grassy Hollow Run .
Haugh Run .
500
Jersey Shore, Larry's Creek .
2,400
500
Keating Summit, Brown Hollow Creek .
Cowley Run .
1,000
Indian Run .
500
Portage Creek .
1,000
500
Spring Creek .
Knoxville, Troups Creek .
1,500
Lancaster, Furnace Run .
l'OOO
Middle Creek., .
1 j 000
1,000
Silver Run .
Steinmans Run .
1,000
1,000
500
Walnut Run . .
Landerberg, White Clay Creek, West Branch .
Lanesboro,~ Brush ville Creek... .
500
1,000
Cascade Creek .
uooo
1,000
500
Dodges Creek .
1 ,000
Egypt Creek .
1,500
Hemlock Creek .
2; 000
500
Roaring Brook .
Wild Cat Brook .
1,000
Laquin, Little Schrader Creek .
1,800
Laubach Station, Hess Run .
500
500
500
Laughlintown, McMullen Run .
1,000
1,000
Lehigh ton, Spring Brook .
(300
Lemont, Cedar Creek .
500
500
500
1,000
Pine Swamp Run .
500
1,500
Lenover, Weavers Run . . .
500
1,500
1,500
1,500
Lilly, Bear Rock Creek .
500
500
500
500
1,000
Lock Haven, Ba'gley Run .
500
1,200
500
1,200
500
1,400
500
700
1,200
500
Earon Run .
500
500
500
700
500
Grows Run .
. 1 .100
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
61
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingeriings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Pennsylvania — C ont inued .
1,400
500
1.400
1,200
700
500
500
500
1,200
1,200
l,S0O
500
500
1,200
700
1,200
500
500
2.400
1,200
1,200
500
500
1,200
700
1,200
500
500
1,200
500
500
1,200
500
50C
1.400
700
1,400
500
500
500
700
500
1,400
500
500
700
500
1,200
500
500
700
2,100
1,200
700
1,200
1,200
700
1,200
700
700
700
600
3,000
500
1,500
1,000
500
500
500
L000
500
500
1,000
500
500
500
500
62
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Pennsylvania — Continued.
1,000
1,000
500
500
500
2,000
500
500
1,500
1,000
2,000
1,000
600
1,000
1,000
600
North Salmon Creek .
Six Mile Run . .
Truby Run .
Warner Run .
W est Millstone Creek .
Wild Cat Run .
Marklesburg, Touse Run .
Marsh Hill, Frozen Run .
Maston, Pigeon Run .
Smith Run .
Mauch Chunk, Bear Creek .
Big Bear Creek .
Drakes Creek .
Glen Run .
Heydst Run .
600
Hickory Run .
1,000
1 000
James Run .
Keipers Run .
600
Mauch Chunk Creek .
1,000
1,500
600
Mud Run .
Panther Creek .
Pine Run .
1,000
600
Robinsons Run .
Ruddles Run .
600
Sand Spring Run .
500
Stony Creek .
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
500
Wild Creek .
Y ellow Run .
Mayport, Pine Run .
Meadville, Berlev Run .
Brawley Run .
Hamilton Run .
1,000
1,000
1 000
Little Sugar Creek .
Spring Run .
Middleport, Cold Run .
1 000
Mifflinburg, Brush Hollow Run .
'500
Buffalo Creek . .
1,500
First Gap Run .
500
Fourth Gap Run .
1,500
500
Halfway Gap Run .
Hays Gap Run .
500
Lukers Gap Run .
500
Pine Swamp Creek .
1,000
1,500
500
Rapid Run* .
Reeds Gap Run .
Sand Run .
500
Second Gap Run .
500
Spruce Run .
1 000
Third Gap Run .
1 000
Yankee Run .
500
Mifflintown, Big Run .
1,500
1,500
3,000
1,000
East Lost Creek .
Hornings Run .
Sponhowers Run .
Tennis Run .
500
West Lost Creek .
1,500
1 000
Millville, Bear Run .
Milroy, Laurel Run .
1,500
1,500
500
New Lancaster Stream .
Mt. Joy, Big Spring Creek .
Mt. Pocono, Wilson Spring Run .
500
Mt. Union, Carters Run .
;; . .
500
Scrub Gap Rim .
1,000
1,000
Singers Gap Run .
Muncy, Muncy Creek .
2,500
New Freedom", Codorus Creek .
1,000
500
Summitt Creek .
New Holland, Goods Run.
500
New Ringgold, Beaver Creek.
GOO
Cold Run .
600
1,000
1,000
500
Rausch Creek .
Newton Hamilton, Licking Creek .
Long Hollow Run .
Nigger Creek .
1,000
Orangeville, Achenbach Run .
500
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
63
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
P ennsylvania — Continued .
Osceola Mills, Bear Run .
California Run .
Coal Creek .
Flat Rock Creek .
Mountain Creek .
Trout Run .
Paddy Mountain, Penns Run .
Palm, Indian Creek .
Parkersburg, Octorara Creek .
Parsons, Bear Creek .
Meadow Run .
Pond Creek .
Ten Mile Run .
Patton, Carroll Creek .
Shehan Run .
Paxinos, Irish Creek .
Petersburg, Garners Run .
Globe Run .
Irvins Run .
Lick Run .
t Roaring Run .
Philadelphia, Darbey Creek .
Phillipsburg, Ardells Spring Run .
Barker Run .
Beaver Run .
Bennens Run . . .
Big Spring Run .
Bilgers Run .
Black Bear Run .
Black Moshannon Creek.'.
California Run. .
Clearwater Run .
Clover Run .
Cold Run .
Dayton Run .
Echo Glen Park Lakes....
McCords Run .
Morgan Run .
Nooch Run .
One Mile Run .
Senser Run .
Seven Springs Run .
Shields Run .
Six Mile Run .
Smays Run .
Tests Run .
Tomtit Run .
Upper Daugherty Run. . .
Whetstone Rhn .
Wolf Run .
Pleasant Stream Junction, Potash Run.
Pottstown, Povvderdale Run .
Pottsville, Big Creek . .
Black Creek .
Breechlez Pond .
Eichert Creek .
Hells Creek .
Neland’s pond . .* .
Rattling Run .
Seltzer Creek .
Stony Creek .
Strouser Creek .
Powys, Cold Fork Run .
Daugherty Run .
Long Fork Run .
Lower Daugherty Run .
Wolf Run .
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,625
1,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
500
1,000
500
500
1,500
1,000
500
1,000
1,500
2, 000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
500
500
500
500
2,000
1,000
500
500
600
500
1,000
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,500
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
500
600
600
600
600
Ralston, Rocky Run .
Rattling Run, Rattling Run
Reading, Furnace Creek .
Hartmens Creek . . .
Hay Creek .
Hoidennan Creek . .
Laurel Creek .
Limekiln Brook. . .
Willow Creek .
Wyomissing Creek.
2,000
500
600
500
1,000
500
3,500
600
600
600
64
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details op Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Pennsylvania — Cont inued .
2,000
2, 400
1,200
1,200
1,200
::::::::::::
1,200
3,600
1,400
1,800
.
::::::::::::
2,100
1,400
.
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
i
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,C00
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,500
1.000
Wolf Creek .
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,500
1,000
1,000
500
2,000
1,000
500
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
500
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
600
500
600
1,000
1,000
500
Smethportj Boyer Brook .
1,000
65
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Pennsylvania -Continued.
Somerfleld, Youghioglienv River .
400
Spruce Creek, Spruce Creek .
Starrucca, Coxtown Creek .
1,000
500
1,000
son
Farrell Creek .
McKane Creek .
Sampson Creek .
Shadagee Creek .
1,000
500
2,000
500
1,000
500
500
500
500
1,500
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,500
1,000
2,000
2,000
600
Shehawkin Creek .
Starrucca Creek .
Wild Cat Creek .
Stewartstown, Grove Run . .
Stillwater, Myers Run .
Roberts Run .
Trout Run .
Stroudsburg, Baker Run .
Broadhead Creek .
Brown Run .
Cherry Creek .
Deep Hollow Run .
Kettle Run .
McMichaels Creek .
Mountain Creek .
Pencil Creek .
Pocono Creek .
Sambo Creek .
Wigwam Run .
500
Tionesta, Bates Run .
500
Bear Creek .
500
Big Coon Creek .
1,500
Chauncy Run .
500
Council Run .
500
Davis Run .
500
Dawson Run .
500
Hemlock Creek .
1,500
Holeman Run .
'500
Indian Camp Creek .
500
Jakes Run .
500
Jamieson Run .
500
Johns Run .
500
Jug Handle Run .
500
Korb Run .
500
Lamentation Run .
500
Little Coon Creek .
1,000
Little Hickory Creek .
1,000
Little Tionesta Creek .
1,000
Pearson Run .
500
Peters Run .
500
Pigeon Run .
500
Piney Run . . .
500
Pit Hole Creek .
1,500
500
Reck Run .
Ross Run .
1.000
Salmon Creek .
1,500
Sandrock Run .
500
Sibble Run .
500
Stewarts Run .
1,000
Sugar Run .
500
Tubbs Run .
1,000
2,500
1,000
Tower City, Clarks Creek .
Troy, Becker Creek .
600
600
Cleveland Creek .
600
Covert Creek .
600
Dry Run .
600
Forbes Creek .
600
600
1,000
600
1,000
600
1,200
600
600
500
Ulysses, Pine Creek .
1,000
66
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution
of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Waynesboro, Antietam Spring, Branch .
500
375
500
3.000
500
2,000
500
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
500
1,000
3,200
3,200
2,400
1,000
2,400
3, 200
2,400
2,400
2,400
2.400
2.400
2. 400
2,400
7,500
8,000
20, 000
5,000
10, 000
15, 000
10,000
10, 000
12, 500
7,500
10, 000
10,000
10, 000
7, 500
7, 500
20, 000
20, 000
20, 000
J2, 000
6,000
6,000
6,000
12. 500
8,000
8,000
20, 000
12, 500
20,000
30,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
10, 000
1,000
2.500
2,500
8, 000
12, 000
14, 000
10,000
10. 000
12, 000
75, 000
6, 000
12, 500
10, 000
12,500
2,400
Weikert, Penns Run _ *....“ .
West Chester, Broad Run .
Wheelers ville, Schrader Creek .
Williamsburg, Brumbaughs Run .
Clover Creek .
Marsh Run . . .
Woodbine, Bells Hollow Branch . . .
Boyds Run .
Kilgore Run . _ .
Rocky Run .
W ade Hill Branch .
York, Green Branch .
South Carolina:
Cleveland, Fall Creek .
Headforemost Creek .
Reeces Gap Creek .
Pickens, Big Laurel Creek .
Cane Creek .
Dogwood Stump Creek .
Laurel Ford Creek .
Laurel Fork Creek .
Lynchs Mill Creek .
Mathers Creek .
Siele Mountain Creek .
Surveyors Camp Creek .
Willis Creek .
South Dakota:
Custer, Willow Creek .
Deadwood, Spruce Creek .
Doyle, Big Elk Creek .
Dumont, Spearfish Creek, East Fork .
Elmore, Ice Box Canyon Creek .
Spearfish Creek .
Englewood. White Wood Creek .
Hanna, Little Spearfish Creek, East Fork .
Hermosa, Battle Creek .
Hill City, Dismal Creek . • . .
Gibson Creek . . .
Hutton Creek, South Branch .
Palmer Creek .
Spring Creek .
Sunday Gulch Creek .
Mvstic, Prairie Creek .
Tittles Springs Pond .
Victoria Creek .
Nemo, Box Elder Creek .
Jim Creek .
ICnowlton’s pond .
South Box Elder Creek .
Pine Ridge Agency, Bear Creek .
Pringle, Beaver Creek .
Cold Brook .
Rapid City, Deer Creek .
Pine Forest Lake .
Rapid Creek .
Spring Canyon Pond .
Roubaix, Carroll Creek .
Halls Pond .
North Elk Creek .
Rochford, Little Rapid Creek, North Fork .
Sisseton, Long Hollow Creek. .
Spearfish, Cox Lake .
False Bottom Creek .
Hiltons Gulch Creek .
Kingsley’s lake .
Lin dley Spring Run .
McGregor 'Spring Branch .
Miller Creek. . . .“ . • .
Normal Lake .
Spearfish River .
Todd’s pond .
Spring Gulch, McDonald Pond . : .
Sturgis, Deadmans Creek .
Walker, Rock Creek Pond .
Tennessee:
Blevins, Brushy Creek .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS. 1910,
67
Details op Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Te nnessee — Continued .
Butter, Greggs Branch .
Greenville, Camp Creek .
Knoxville, Fountain City Lake .
Nashville, Lipscomb’s pond .
Newport, Ground Hog ( reek .
Pikeville, Bradens Creek .
Cooper Branch .
Glade Creek .
Halls Creek .
Skillern Creek .
Shell City, Doll Branch .
Shell Creek .
Slocums, Farmer Branch .
Shouns, McEwen Branch .
Payne creek .
Utah:
Provo, applicant .
Applicant .
Grandview Pond .
Provo River .
Robins Springs Pond .
Spring Creek Pond .
Springdale Pond .
Upper Falls Ponds .
Vineyard Ponds .
Salt Lake, Spring Creek .
Springville, Spring Creek .
Vermont:
Averill, Forest Lake .
Little Averill Lake .
Mild Brook .
Bellows Falls, Morse Brook .
Bennington, Jackson Brook .
Brattleboro, Ames Brook .
Brickyard Brook .
Broad Brook .
Houghton Brook .
Johnson Brook .
Weatherhead Hollow Brook.
Whetstone Brook .
Wilder Brook .
Castleton, Castleton River .
Chester, Fullerton Brook .
Williams River .
Cuttingsville, Shrewsbury Pond .
Fair Haven, Eureka Pond .
Fowler, Fowler Brook .
Greensboro, Caspian Lake .
Groton, Darling Pond .
Holden, Furnace Brook .
Pico Pond .
Hydeville Castleton River .
Ferrin River .
Lyndonville, Vail’s pond .
Manchester, Batten Kill River .
Lye Brook .
Mountain Brook .
Marshfield, Niggerhead Pond .
Montpelier, Mallory Brook .
North Bennington, Cold Springs Brook . .
Paran Creek .
Northfield, Yatter Pond .
Pawlet, Pawlet River .
Pittsford, Furnace Brook .
Sugar Hollow Brook .
Plainfield, Laird’s pond .
Poultney, Poultney River .
Pownel, Mattison Brook .
Proctor, Fox Pond .
Proctorsville, Williams River .
Putney, Sacketts Brook .
Randolph, Ayers Brook .
Bear Hill Brook .
Chandler Brook .
Clough Brook .
Eldredge Pond .
Fisher Brook .
100. 000
25,000
18,600
35,000
55,000
25, 000
12,000
125,000
6,000
"56,’ 666'
8,000
12, 000
12,000
16,000
10,000
20, 000
20, 000
8, 000
16,000
8, 000
2,400
4,000
4,000
800
2, 400
4,000
2,400
5.600
3,200
4,000
1.600
5.600
1.600
1,600
1.600
1,800
1,800
1,800
3,600
1,800
3,600
3,000
2, 400
1,500
1,000
1,000
1.500
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
3.500
1,000
3,000
4,800
1,000
1.500
6,000
7,000
10,000
3, 000
4,000
850
L406
3,000
2,500
1,250
1,250
5,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
2.000
4,000
1,500
2, 000
500
8, 000
68
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
V ermont — Continued .
8,000
16,000
8.000
20, 000
8, 000
8,000
12,000
8,000
24, 000
1,500
1,500
1,000
8, 000
Billings Brook .
1,500
12, 000
5, 500
12,000
1,350
Chittenden Reservoir .
16,000
12, 000
32, 000
12,000
12, 000
1,000
8,000
12,000
8,000
16, 000
8, 000
100, 000
8,000
20, 000
25, 000
16, 000
15, 000
5, 425
South Wallingford, Soutfi Wallingford Branch .
648
Frog Pond .
10,000
500
20,000
500
7,500
500
20, 000
1,677
1,000
Stony Brook .
20, 000
2,000
148
Waterman’s pond .
Springfield, Hazen’spond. .
500
Stockbridge, Tweed River .
8,000
2,000
Taftsville, Beaver Brook .
2,000
2,000
Townshend, Shanty Lot Brook .
Walden, Haynesville Brook .
E 500
40, 000
20, 000
16, 000
Meadow Brook .
Wells, Wells Brook .
1,000
Meadow Brook .
8, 000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
West Paulet, Indian River .
20,000
Windsor, Mill Brook .
3,000
4,000
1,500
Woodstock, Lakota Lake .
Moore Pond .
Smith Brook .
8,000
8,000
Wyandale Brook .
Virginia:
Alleghany Station, Cove Creek .
* 500
Arcadia, North Creek .
400
Arrington, Mountain Spring Pond .
2,400
300
1,000
2,400
4,000
Bedford, North Otter River .
Big Island, Hunting Creek .
4, 000
600
Covington, Cast Steel Run .
Laurel Run .
.
3,000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details op Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
69
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
V irginia— Continued .
Covineton. Roaring Run .
3,000
500
1,500
4,800
Craigsville, Campbell Run .
' Claytons Brook .
Culpeper, Hazel River .
’ Miller Creek .
18, 700
Ferrol, Trout Run .
500
2,400
G, 000
300
Glenvar, Callahan Brook .
Goshen, Kelso Run .
Grottoes, Big Run .
Harrisonburg, Long Run .
300
Hunters, Little Difficult Run .
2,500
600
Jenkins Ford, Cedar Creek .
Maurertown, Cedar Creek .
6,000
1,000
2,400
600
Mount Vernon, Washington Spring Branch .
Pearch, Horsleys Creek . *. .
Richmond, Burke’s pond .
Rockfish, Goldmine Creek .
2.400
6.400
500
Salem, Peters Creek .
Spout Spring, Steele’s pond .
Stanley,* Hendersons Mill Pond .
400
Tates Run, Tates Run .
50
Tye River, Cox Creek .
2,400
Washington:
Addy, Stenger Creek .
4,500
100,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
Newpoft, Bead Lake .
6,000
6,000
18
Seattle, Exposition Aquarium .
Spangle, Spring Lake * .
3,000
6,000
Wenatchee, Spring Valley Pond .
6,000
West Virginia:
800
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
500
3,750
2,500
1,000
3,000
500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,200
750
750
2,500
1,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
14,000
500
1,500
6,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,500
2,000
800
1,200
TJttlfl Wolf Creek .
3,000
1,500
2,500
4,000
6, 700
1,000
59395°— 11 - 8
70
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
West Virginia — Continued.
59,000
Wisconsin:
Albertville, Little Elk Creek .
Alma, Littie W aumandee Creek .
Alma Center, Pigeon Creek .
EagleValley Creek .
French Creek .
Gilman Creek .
Haines Creek .
Holcomb Coulee Creek .
Hunters Creek .
Kried Valley Creek. ; .
Lewis Valley Creek .
Long Creek .
Mineral Spring Brook .
Rocky Run Creek .
Sandy Creek .
Scharlow Valiev Creek .
Trout Rim . . .
Aubumdale, Mohan Creek .
Augusta, Beamans Creek .
Bears Grass Creek .
Beaver Creek .
Bee Creek .
Beef River .
Bridge Creek . . .
Browns Creek .
Chaney Creek . . .
Coon Gut Creek .
Diamond Creek .
Hathaway Creek .
Muskrat Creek .
Otter Creek .
Sand Creek .
Thompson Creek .
Travis Creek .
Bangor, Adams Creek .
Big Creek . .
Kalburan Creek .
Swamp Creek .
Barneveld, Clavalm Stream .
Four Mile Creek .
Beldenville, Trim belle Creek .
Birchwood, Fullerton Pond .
Blair, Bear Creek. . I .
N orwav Coulee Creek .
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
2,000
600
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
2,800
1,200
6,000
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
4,000
600
800
600
300
400
600
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
800
300
400
300
400
300
900
300
600
300
4,000
800
900
2,700
6,000
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
600
1,000
1,600
1,000
1,000
1,400
400
400
1,000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
71
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
W isconsin— Continued.
Bluff Siding, Pine Creek .
1.000
2; 000
4,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
4,000
S,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
4,000
Cable, Big Run .
Five Mile Creek .
Ole Lake Brook .
3,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Fremstead Creek .
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1.000
600
1,000
1,000
Drywood Creek .
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1,000
1,000
300
300
300
300
300
300
600
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
1,000
1,000
4,000
3,000
2.000
1,000
4.500
500
3,000
3,000
Middleberry Creek . ' .
800
72
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
W isconsin — Continued .
Dodgeville, Smith Creek .
3,000
1.500
4.500
1.500
4.500
300
1,200
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,200
300
300
W illiams Stream .
Drummond, Jaders Creek .
Johnson Creek .
Long Lake Branch .
Durand, Averill Creek .
Bear Creek . \ .
Big Arkansas Creek .
Big Coulee Creek .
Drier Creek . .
Fall Creek .
Fox Creek .
Gray Creek .
Heron Creek .
1,000
Little Arkansas Creek .
2,000
2,000
Porcupine Creek .
Spring Creek .
600
Eau Claire^ Beaver Creek .
1,600
1,600
Clear Creek .
Coon Creek .
1,500
1,000
Craft Creek .
Cranberry Creek .
800
Deer Creek .
500
Eight Mile Creek .
1,000
Eighteen Mile Creek .
1,000
2,600
Elk Creek .
Five Mile Creek .
1,500
Grace Creek .
400
Hansen Creek .
2,000
300
Little Niagara Creek .
Little Rock Creek .
;; .
500
Lowes Creek .
1,800
Nine Mile Creek .
1,800
North Creek .
300
Otter Creek . .
1,000
• 500
Pine Creek .
Rock Creek .
1,600
Sandy Creek . .
500
Seven Mile Creek .
1,500
Sherman Creek .
1,600
Spring Creek .
1,300
Trout Creek .
1,800
1,000
1,000
Twelve Mile Creek .
West Creek. . .
Wrights Creek .
800
Edgewater, Arfin Creek . . .
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
Beaver Creek .
Billikin Springs Creek .
Casey Creek. A .
Derosier Creek .
Hay Creek .
2,000
1 ,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
9,000
1,000
Eleva, Big Creek .
1,000
Ellsworth, Brush Creek .
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
Lost Creek .
3,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
Plum Creek .
Fairchild, Black Creek .
300
Boatman Creek .
300
Coon Fork Creek .
600
Coon Gut Creek .
300
Flick Creek .
COO
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
73
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
, BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
W isconsin — Continued .
too
300
300
300
300
300
4,500
500
6,000
4,000
4.000
6,000
300
300
900
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
600
300
300
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2. 000
400
400
300
300
400
300
300
300
600
300
300
300
400
300
300
700
300
300
400
1,000
500
300
2,400
500
2,000
400
300
300
2,000
300
.
2,400
500
2,400
500
3,000
5,000
1,000
3,000
900
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1,000
1,000
, Mortiboy Creek .
1,000
74
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details oe Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Wisconsin — Continued .
Hixton, Nettleton Creek . .
1,000
1,000
2 000
North Branch .
Pine Creek .
Schmerhorn Creek .
1,000
1 000
Simpson Creek .
Tank Creek _ _ _ _
1,000
Timber Creek . .
1,000
3,000
Hudson, Willow River . .
Indenendence. Bennett Valiev Creek . .
300
Borst Valley Creek .
!
1,300
Bruce Valley Creek .
_ _ _
1,300
1,000
1,300
1,000
Burt Valley’ Creek . _ .
Chimney Rock Creek .
Cookes Creek .
Dubil Valley Creek .
1,000
1,300
Elk Creek. . .
Elk Creek Pond .
300
Engum Creek .
1,000
1,000
Finright Creek .
Gunderson Creek .
1,000
1,000
Ilawkinson Creek .
1,300
1,000
1,000
Kilniss Creek .
Kurth Valley Creek .
1,000
1,000
Maloney Creek . . .
i’ooo
1,000
Nelson Valley Creek .
North Branch Creek .
1,300
1,000
Olson Creek .
Plumb Creek .
1,300
Poppies Creek .
1 , 000
Roskos Creek .
1,000
Russell Valley Creek .
1,000
Rusts Creek.’. .
1,000
1,000
Schaffners Creek .
Simonson Valley Creek .
1,000
1,300
1,000
1,300
Skogstad Creek.’ .
Slanton Creek . . .
Solfest Creek .
Traverse Valley Creek .
1, 300
1,000
Ulbug Valley Creek .
1,000
Vennis Creek .
1,000
1,300
4,000
8,000
4,000
300
Davis Creek .
300
300
300
400
300
300
Indian Creekr. .
2,000
4,000
4,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
3,000
1,500
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
300
4,000
3,000
3,000
10,000
Tvler Forks River .
1,000
75
DISTRIBUTION OP FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Wisconsin — Continued.
Menomonie, Anderson Creek .
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1,600
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
Annis Creek .
Asylum Springs Creek .
Balsbaugh Creek .
Beaver Creek .
Big Elk Creek .
Big Hay Creek .
Big Meadow Creek .
Bishop Creek .
Biss Creek .
Blairs Creek .
Boland Creek .
Browns Creek .
Clarks Creek .
Coon Creek .
Cowan Creek .
Cranberry Creek .
Dashone "Creek .
Drowleys Spring Creek .
Eddy Creek .
800
800
800
800
800
1,600
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1,600
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
SOO
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
SOO
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1,600
Wolf Run .
800
76
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
W isconsin —Continued .
2.000
2.700
300
1.300
400
1,300
2,000
500
300
300
300
1,200
2,000
600
1,000
1,500
R000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1 j 000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
2 , 000
1,000
300
400
300
300
.500
500
300
300
300
600
300
500
300
300
500
500
300
300
300
300
600
300
300
300
6,000
3,000
1.000
600
900
4,500
600
Bogus Creek .
300
300
300
300
300
Roaring River .
600
77
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
BROOK TROUT — Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
j and adults.
W isconsin — Continued .
Phipps, McDermott Brook .
Nemokagon River .
1, oOO
Rogers Creek .
Plymouth, Mullet Creek .
Union River .
Rice Lake, Angler Creek .
Barker Creek .
Big Bear Creek .
Big Kettle Creek .
Browns Creek .
Cannon Creek .
Cobb Creek .
Cranberry Creek .
Desair Creek .
German Creek .
Hay River .
lleger Creek .
Hemlock Creek .
Kegamo Creek .
Little Bear Creek .
Little Spring Creek .
Long Lake Stream .
Meadow Creek .
Miller Creek .
Moosier Creek .
1,000
Mud Creek .
Olson Creek .
Overby Creek .
Pekegamo Creek .
Prairie Creek .
Renville Creek .
1,000
Rice Creek .
Savage Creek .
Silver Creek .
South Creek .
Spoon Creek .
1,000
Spring Creek .
Spur Nine Brook .
300
Sucker Creek .
Weiss Creek .
1,000
West Branch .
Yellow River .
Richland Center, Ash Creek .
Fancy Creek .
Little W illow Creek .
Melancthon Creek .
600
Pine River .
Ridgeway, Mill Creek .
River Falls, Kinmckinnic Creek.
Nye Creek .
South Fork River .
900
Rosendale, Silver Creek .
600
Solon Springs, Ox Creek...
Sparta, BeaverCreek .
300
Big Creek .
La Crosse River .
400
Little La Crosse River.. . .
400
Sargent Creek .
300
Silver Creek .
300
Soper Creek .
300
Sparta Craek .
Squaw Creek .
300
Tarr Creek .
300
Tuttles Creek .
300
Walworth Creek .
300
Spring Valiev, Bahrs Creek .
300
Burghardt Creek .
300
Cady Creek .
300
Cave Creek .
600
Eagle Springs.- .
300
French Creek .
300
Gilbert Creek .
1,200
Jacobson Creek .
300
Johnson Creek .
300
Lohns Creek .
300
Lousy Creek .
600
Mines Creek .
300
78 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Wisconsin — Continued.
1,200
4,000
3,000
4,500
4,500
6,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
2.000
2,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
300
300
300
300
300
300
306
300
300
300
4,000
3, 800
600
2,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
1,200
300
2, 300
2.300
2,000
300
1,000
1,200
1.300
900
300
600
1.300
2,000
1,000
2,000
300
2,000
2, 000
300
2.300
400
400
400
300
300
300
300
300
600
300
300
...» .
Matchett Creek .
Wausau, Jim More Creek .
Lunch Creek .
Clear Branch .
Coon Creek .
Dauve Spring .
Kickapoo Creek .
Sherve Creek . .
Spring Coulee Creek .
Spring Valley Creek .
Sveen Creek .
Timber Coulee Creek .
Timber Valley Creek .
Van Ruden Creek .
West Salem, Adams Valley Creek .
Bostwicks Valley Creek .
Bums Creek _ ”. .
Cliff McClentock Creek .
Gilles Coulee Creek .
Green Creek .
Holberg Creek .
Johnson Creek .
Jones Creek .
Larson Creek .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
79
Details of Distribution’ of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
. BROOK TROUT— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Wisconsin — Continued.
400
300
600
300
300
300
300
300
400
300
300
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
300
300
300
600
300
300
300
300
300
800
600
«
500
300
1,500
300
300
3,300
300
1,500
2,000
4,000
23,000
2,000
2,000
4.000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
Wyoming:
2,000
6,000
3,000
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
5,500
10,000
12,500
5,000
15,000
20,000
Japan:
5,000
516, 000
7,365,945
4, 085, 174
a Lost in transit, 23,600 fry and 158,687 fingerlings.
80
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish aRtd Fish Eggs — Continued.
SUNAPEE TROUT.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
New Hampshire:
Lake Sunapee, Lake Sunapee .
115,029
56,000
Newbury, Lake Sunapee. I .
Total .
171, 029
GRAYLING.
Montana:
Lakeview, Elk Creek .
16,000
65,000
Elk Lake .
Washington:
18
Wyoming:
Sheridan, Bear Creek .
25, 000
25,000
81,000
18
SMELT.
Maryland:
Mountain Lock, Potomac River .
9,000
New York:
Raquette Lake, Lake Kora .
4,500,000
Total .
4,500,000
9,000
PIKE.
Iowa:
Lime Springs, Upper Iowa River .
700
1,900
18.650
500
19. 650
1,900
North McGregor* Mississippi River . . .
Minnesota:
Brownsville, Mississippi River .
Wisconsin:
Genoa, Mississippi River .
La Crosse, Missis*sippi River .
Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River .
•
Total .
43,300
PICKEREL.
Wisconsin:
Genoa, Mississippi River .
166
168
166
La Crosse, Mississippi River .
Victory, Mississippi'River .
Total .
500
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
81
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
CRAPPIE AND STRAWBERRY BASS.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Arkansas:
Harrell, Spring Dale Pond .
Helena, Blue Hole .
Long Lake .
Mississippi River .
Junction, Spring Lake .
Nashville, Mine Creek .
Patmos, Mental Pond .
Stamps, Mucille Lake .
Price Pond .
Washington, Allen’s pond .
Connecticut:
Danbury, Kellogg’s pond .
Wolf Pond .
New Haven, Granniss Lake .
Illinois:
A vena, W illow Lake .
Belleville, Club Pond .
Heinemann’s lake .
Carbondale, Club Lake .
Simons Lake .
Carterville, Peyton’s pond .
Donnellson, Clover Leaf Lake .
East Hannibal, Sni E’Carte River .
Herrin, Manning Pond .
Mine Pond .
Hillsboro, Seymour Club Lakes .
Lake Forest, Whitehall Pond .
Indiana:
Ilaubstadt, Oak Summit Pond .
Lebanon, Bramble Gravel Pit .
Paoli, Willow Lake .
Richmond, Crystal Lake .
Shell Brook Pond .
Iowa:
Algona, Upper Des Moines River, East
Branch .
Fort Madison, Green Bay .
Independence, Wapsipinicon River _
North McGregor, Mississippi River .
Stockport, Silver’s pond .
Kansas:
Caldwell, Bluff Creek .
Farlington, Mitchell's pond .
Kentucky:
Bradford, Locust Brook Pond .
Meadow Brook Pond .
Campbellsburg, Sanford Pond .
Cropper, Willow Pond .
Emmons, Breezy Heights Pond .
Lebanon, Graham’s pond .
Rogers’s pond .
Louisville, Cemetery Lake .
Lake Lansdowne .
St. Mary, Forester Lake .
Louisiana:
Athens, Gandy’s pond . . .
Marsalis Pond .
Bernice, Chalybeate Spring Pond .
Heard’s pond. . .
Keatchie, China Grove Lake .
Mansfield, Bickerstaff Lake .
Brick Company’s pond .
Many, Hoagland’s pond .
Quitman, Harvey’s pond .
Spring Lake .
Ruston, Hancock’s pond .
Maryland:
Mountain Lock, Potomac River .
Prince George County, Goodloe’s pond.
Minnesota:
Brownsville, Mississippi River .
Rochester, Zumbro Mill Pond .
Wheaton, Lake Traverse .
70
7,000
22, 200
145,610
70
250
100
60
185
100
250
250
200
200
150
400
200
200
250
150
750
500
500
300
320
100
100
100
200
200
400
125
400
46,000
100
1,000
25
100
100
100
100
100
150
150
100
300
200
100
100
70
70
100
150
100
130
70
70
100
247
100
43,250
20
200
Mississippi:
Booneville, Beach Bluff Lake. . . .
Hollaway Lake .
Red Elm Lake .
Columbus, Mullins Lake .
Corinth, Lake Billsville .
Macon, Poplar Lake .
Willow Glen Pond .
Noxapater, Estes’s pond .
Philadelphia, Spring Pond .
Tupelo, Sterns’s pond .
West Point, Fortson Lake .
Missouri:
Aurora, Crane Creek .
Butler, Lake Katherine .
Higginsville, Railroad Pond .
Mount Vernon, Honey Creek .
Hoshaw Lake. . . .
Jaggerman Lake.
Johnson’s lake. . .
Spring River .
Nevada, Katy Allen Lake .
Springfield, Walnut Spring Lake.
Warrensburg, Meily’slake .
West Plains, Carter’s pond .
Willow Springs, Maple Pond .
New York:
Albany, Stevens’s pond .
Newark, Asylum Reservoir .
North Carolina:
Hendersonville, Jane Mill Pond..
Lake Osceola. ...
Rainbow Lake. .
North Dakota:
Berlin, Rush Pond .
Fullerton, Appelquist Pond..' _
Glen Ullin, Sprecher’s pond .
Ilankinson, Lake Elsie .
Lisbon, Prairie Farm Lake .
Ohio:
Bradford, Greenville Creek .
Covington, Stillwater River .
Gettysburg, Greenville Creek
Winton Place, Hollywood Lake..
Oklahoma:
Alva, Harbaugh Lake .
Apache, Morgan’s ponds .
Spring Pond .
Sturman’s pond .
Wogan’s pond .
Ardmore, Camp Brown Creek....
Edward’s pond .
Hickory Creek .
Love’s lake .
Silver Lake .
Barron Fork, Yonah Pond .
Bliss, Arkansas River .
Canute, Turkey Pond .
Chouteau, Bledsoe Pool .
Cleveland, Silver Lake .
Cushing, Willow Pond .
Elgin, South Side Farm Pond....
El Reno, Nettie Ruth Lake .
Fletcher, Cox Reservoir .
Gracemont, Walnut Grove Pond.
Marietta, Black Lake .
McKinney’s pond .
Smith’s pond .
Washington Lake .
Noble, Appleby’s pond .
Oklahoma City, Deepwater Lake
Fields’s pond. . .
Gaylord’s pond..
100
100
200
100
250
100
100
100
100
100
100
300
100
275
300
200
200
200
400
100
200
100
100
100
100
100
200
300
150
55
100
100
200
100
350
250
250
200
175
100
50
50
50
400
300
200
300
400
100
200
150
100
100
100
50
300
150
100
50
65
50
50
50
150
175
200
82
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details op Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
CRAPPIE AND STRAWBERRY BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
O klahoma— Continued .
Oklahoma City, Gum’s lake .
Turner’s lake .
Oologah, Sunday’s pond .
Pawhuska, Clear Creek .
Snyder, Deep Pond .
Terral, Ewing’s lake .
Yukon, Kralick Run .
Pennsylvania:
Fails Station, Lake Winola .
York, Codorus Creek, South Branch. . .
South Carolina:
Aiken, Black Poplar Pond .
Belton, Belton Mills Pond .
Bishopville, Kelley’s lake .
Central, Arnold’s pond .
Chappells, Mills Pond .
Scurry Pond . .
Webb’s pond .
Clover, Campbell’s pond .
Darlington, Creek Pond .
Fair Forest, Fair Forest Creek .
Fountain Inn, Durbin Creek Pond .
Greenville, Saluda Silver Lake .
Rembert, Evans’s pond .
Wateree, Griffin Creek Pond .
Yorkville, Turkey Creek Pond .
Tennessee:
Somerville, Allbright’s lake .
Texas:
Albany, Kellum’spond .
Broyle’s pond .
Waterworks Pond .
Annona, Capital Lake .
Arlington, Jones’s pond .
Artesia, McWhorter’s reservoir .
Athens, Gauntt’s lake .
Koon Kreek Klub Lake .
Prater’s lake .
Atlanta, W arren’s lake .
Austin, Austin Lake .
Slaughter Lake .
Windy Crest Lake .
Bay City, Austin’s pond .
Water Works Pond .
Beckville, Parker’s lake . .
Big Sandy, Big Sandy Lake .
Lake Everman .
Robinson’s lake .
Blossom, Patton’s pond .
Brazoria, State Farm Lake .
Canyon City, Paloduro Creek .
Spring Creek Lake .
Carmona, Carmona Pond .
Carthage, Davis’s lake .
Prior’s pond .
Center Point, Guadalupe River .
Verde Creek . . .
Childers, Lake Scott .
Clarksville, Clear Lake .
Grassy Lake .
Round Lake .
Coleman, Coleman Lake .
Lost Creek .
Santa Anna Branch .
Sunnyside Lake .
Coolidge, Earner Lake .
Copperas Cove, Dewald’s pond .
Corsicana, Corsicana Fish Association
Pond .
Water Works Lake .
Cotulla, Cartwright’s reservoir .
Counter Switch, Country Club Lake
Crockett, Daniel’s lake .
Dallas, Munger’s pond .
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year-
lings,
and
adults.
200
Texas— Continued.
De Kalb, Crump’s pond .
30
100
Detroit, Oil Mill Pond .
30
100
Elgin, Elgin Lake .
20
100
Elkhart, Elkhart Lake .
100
150
Farwell, Hamlin Pond .
31
100
Fort Worth, Lake Homewood .
140
100
Garrison, Cedar Lake .
50
Giddings, Fisher’s pond .
65
200
Jaehne’s pond .
30
150
Raube’s lake .
30
Sumfl’s pond .
25
100
Symm’s pond .
30
100
Thonig Pond .
30
125
Toepper’s pond .
25
100
Volkers’s pond .
30
100
Graham, Norris’s lake .
106
100
Oak Grove Pond .
50
100
Worthington Knox Lake .
50
75
Grand Saline, Malone Pond .
20
150
Grapeland, Tvers Lake .
50
100
Willow Lake .
30
100
Groveton, Friday’s pond .
30
200
Nelms’s lakes .
80
125
Hamlin, Red Lake .
20
100
Haysland, Lake Shelby .
75
100
Honey Grove, Fin and Feather Club
100
200
Jacksboro, Cooper Lake .
50
Mays Lake .
20
30
Jacksonville, Hillside Lake .
75
30
Jordan Lake .
75
100
Park Lake .
75
40
Sampson Lake .
100
30
Shearn Lake .
75
20
Jonesville, Lake Sand Hill .
100
Kaufman, Bond’s pond .
10
100
Gilmore Lake .
100
20
Hatch Pond .
20
40
Hindman’s pond .
20
50
Sand Lake .
20
100
Tavlor's pond .
50
30
Warrenskjold Lave Lake... .
20
20
Kemp, Long Lake .
100
20
Kent, Tatum’s pond .
25
100
KerrviUc. Turtle Creek Pond .
30
50
Lampasas, Collins's pond .
20
100
Lillian, Reese Branch Pond .
40
50
Llano, Llano Lake .
315
26
Longview, Beale Lake .
75
50
Fisher Lake .
75
100
Lake Lomond .
100
100
Lovelady, Duck Lake .
Kelley Pond .
100
40
20
50
McDade, Milton’s pond .
20
100
Manchaca, Bear Creek .
50
100
Marshall, Bentley Lake .
30
100
Bonita Lake .
100
200
Lake Ferns .
100
50
Thelma Lake .
60
100
Mart, Club Lake .
150
100
Midlothian, Cooper’s lake .
40
100
Mineola, Goldsmith s pond .
30
100
Mineral Wells, Kearby Tank .
25
100
Mount Calm, Nelson Pond .
10
75
Stovall Pond .
40
30
Mount Selman, Brock’s lake .
30
20
Mayfield’s pond .
20
Naples, Naples Club Lake .
15
50
Walker’s pond .
30
40
Nash, Earnest 's lake .
100
40
Normanna, Blackburn's pond .
28
175
Paige, Gropp Pond .
30
30
20
20
Palestine, Bear Lake .
200
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
83
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
CRAPPIE AND STRAWBERRY BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
Texas— Continued.
Palestine, Cartmell’s lake .
East Side Park Pond .
Wallace Lakes .
Paris, Stannard’s pond .
Willow Lake .
Petty, Fielding Lake .
Queen City, Prator’s pond .
Rockdale, Clear Lake .
Rotan, Willingham Pond .
Royston, Brooks’s pond .
California Creek Lake .
Henry’s tank .
Stephens’s tank .
Saginaw, Kane’s pond .
San Angelo, Concho River, Middle and
South Forks .
Dove Creek .
Kickapoo Creek .
Water Valley Country
Club Lakes .
San Antonio, Lamm’s tank .
Mitchell Lake .
San Marcos, Blue Hole Pond .
Saron, William Lake .
Sulphur Springs, Elberta Lake .
Picnic Lake .
Thomas Lake .
Taylor, Roberts’s lake .
Temple, Lake Polk .
Terrell, Bass Lake .
County Club Lake .
Elm Pond .
Green Lake .
Grinnan Pond .
High Point Creek .
Martin Pond .
Muckleroy Pond .
Sargent P'ond .
Timpson, Bussey’s pond .
McWilliams’s pond .
Tye, Crawford Lakes .
Tyler, Clear Spring Lake .
DeLay’s lake .
Lake Park Lake .
Lakewood Country Club Lake . .
Murphy’s pond .
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Texas — Continued.
20
Tyler, Pine Hill Lake .
30
30
Tyler Fin Club Lake .
100
40
Waco, Katy Club Lake .
100
20
Wills Point, Imperial Lake .
100
30
Virginia:
100
Culpeper, Englands Mill Pond .
200
20
Dillwyn, Fitzgerald Pond .
125
50
Fredericksburg, Boscobel Pond .
500
100
Leesburg, Goose Creek .
300
30
Lynchburg, Murrell Pond .
100
50
Midlothian, Midlothian Pond .
100
50
Natural Bridge, Cedar Creek .
400
100
Petersburg, Belschers Pond .
150
35
Hauslik Pond .
325
Spicer Pond .
200
133
Richmond, Crittenden Pond .
200
60
Darby town Pond .
200
133
Fulton Fishing Club Pond .
200
Selden’s pond .
200
74
Rockfish, Rockfish Lake .
200
30
Scottsvilie, Chester Pond .
100
100
Soudan, Grass Creek .
200
25
Suffolk, Lake Savage .
2g
30
Sweet Briar, Sweet Briar Lake .
200
100
Winterpock, Indian Spring Pond .
150
50
Zuni, Joyner’s pond .
200
50
Richardson’s pond .
200
20
West Virginia:
75
Blueton, Holley’s pond .
150
20
Philippi, Middle Fork River .
400
75
Salisbury, Salisbury’s pond .
200
50
Wisconsin:
20
Genoa, Mississippi River .
5,832
20
Independence, New City Pond .
250
75
Kewaskum, Beach wood Lake .
200
30
La Crosse. Mississippi River .
49,086
40
Millston, Polley Creek .
200
20
Mosmee, Half Moon Lake .
350
20
Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River....
46,000
20
State Line, Pickerel Lake .
200
25
Victory, Mississippi River .
3,332
50
Wausau, Lake Wausau .
400
100
O’Day Lake .
250
100
Silver Creek Bay .
400
100
30
Total a .
410,428
ROCK BASS.
Alabama:
Fivepoints, Poplar Springs....
Arizona:
Wilcox, McComb Ranch Pond
Arkansas:
DeQueen, Gantlon’s pond .
Gravette, Dow’s pond .
Harrison, Estes's pond .
Helena, Mississippi River .
Mena, Irons Fork River .
Mountain Fork River..
Ouachita River .
Prairie Creek .
Rock Creek .
Twomile Creek .
Pine Bluff, Trigg’s pond .
Connecticut:
New Haven, Hubinger’s lake. .
Georgia:
Etowah, Hill’s pond .
Ringgold, Tiger Creek .
100
Illinois:
Belleville, Club Pond .
100
Carbondale, Thompson’s lake .
300
100
Donnellson, Cherry Grove Pond .
100
Wilson’s pond .
200
500
DuQuoin, Egyptian Pond .
100
250
McLeansboro, Goehring’s pond .
100
400
Indiana:
9,915
Bloomfield, Richland Creek .
550
500
Boonville, Hemenway’s pond .
500
500
Carlisle, Wellington Pond .
150
500
Cory, Prairie Lake .
200
500
Woodland Lake .
200
500
Danville, Soper’s pond .
200
500
Evansville, Clear Pond .
150
200
Stringtown Springs Pond. .
150
Fairmont, Brookshire’s pond .
100
500
Fort Branch, Symond’spond .
100
Greencastle, Lake Woodland .
200
100
Greentown, Avres’s pond .
100
300
Macy, Baker’s pond .
100
a Lost in transit, 9,049 fingerlings.
84
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details o ? Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
ROCK BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
vear-
lings,
and
adults.
Indiana— Continued.
Plainfield, Spright’s pond .
Seymour, Bars Pond .
Easting’s pond .
Summitville, McLain’s pond .
Wawaka, Fountain View Pond .
Winchester, Gravel Pit Pond .
Iowa:
Manchester, Maquoketa River .
Kansas:
Chanute, Durey Pond .
Cherokee, Allen Pond .
Farlington, Mitchell’s pond .
Leavenworth, Park Lake .
Marion, Bruno Creek .
East Creek .
French Creek .
Lyons Creek .
Medicine Lodge, Ilouchin’s pond .
Kauffman’s pond .
Peabody, Calbeck’s pond .
Kentucky:
Beaver Creek, Hindman Pond .
May’s pond .
Buechel, Blankenbeker’s pond .
Campbellsville, Creel’s pond .
Cropper, Turnpike Pond .
Dover, Jennings Pond .
Lebanon, McElroy’s pond .
Lexington, Lake Callahan .
Louisville, Parkview Club Lake .
Schroerluecke’s pond .
Paris, Brannon’s pond . .
Clarke’s pond .
Clay Pond .
Edwards Pond .
Frazier Pond .
Grayson Pond . „ .
Hedge Pond .
Jackson’s pond .
Maher’s pond .
Paynes Pond .
Purnell’s pond .
Vimont’spond .
Watson Pond .
Wiggins Pond . .
Shawhan, Estes’s pond .
E wait’s pond .
Winchester, Twomile Creek .
Louisiana:
Arcadia, Boone’s springs .
Grand Cane, Grand Cane Creek Pond . .
Homer, Gandy’s pond .
Maryland:
I. jamsville, Quynn’s pond .
Monrovia, Cashour’s pond .
Mountain Lock, Potomac River .
Thurmont, Hemler’s pond .
Michigan:
Bath, Park Lake . .
Minnesota:
Rochester, Zumbro River, South
Branch .
Mississippi:
Guntown, Cochran’s pond .
Pontotoc, Gardner’s pond .
Highland Fish Co. Lake .
Patterson’s pond .
Ripley, Keenin’s pond .
Missouri:
Butler, Lake Catherine .
Glasgow, Steinmetz Pond .
Holmes, Dunlap’s lake .
Joplin, Wild Cat Spring .
Marshall, Stedem Pond .
500
200
200
100
100
100
325
100
. 150
150
200
50
50
50
50
100
100
50
125
125
200
175
100
150
175
400
200
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
200
100
100
100
200
200
2,010
230
200
200
100
125
100
125
100
5,000
100
100
200
100
Finger-
lings,
Disposition.
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Missouri — Continued.
Merwin, Corbin’s ponds . .
Mount Vernon, Gillingham’s pond _
Skinner’s pond . .
Tillotson’s spring . .
Truitts Creek . .
Williams Creek . .
Neosho, Twin Springs .
New Mexico:
Ancho, Cooper’s lake .
Carlsbad, Dark Canon Creek .
Deming, Knowles’s pond . .
Peterson’s pond .
Ramsey’s pond .
Texico, Crescent Pond .
Tularosa, Silver Lake .
Vermigo Park, Adams Lake . .
New York:
Dover Plains, Lake Ellis . .
Great River, Timber Point Pond . .
Middletown, W allkill Creek . .
New Windsor, Walker's lake . .
North Carolina:
Carthage, Hannon’s pond . .
Durham, Ellis’s pond . .
Fayetteville, Cross Creek . .
Mollett Pond . .
Hendersonville, Lily Pond .
Mebane, Lake Weda . .
White Pond . .
Salisbury, Josey’s pond .
Star, Ilursey Spring Pond .
Wake Forest, Walthonia Fish Club
Pond . .
Weldon, Gooch’s pond .
Ohio:
Bidwell, Jones’s pond .
Blanchester, Reeves’s pond .
Chardon, Charlotte Pond .
East Palestine, Freed’s pond .
Fremont, Sandusky River .
. Ironton, Howell’s pond .
Kansas, Feasel Quarry Pond .
Marion, Whetstone River .
Springfield, Little Miami River .
Summit, Summit Lake .
Wiekliffe, Morris Reservoir .
Oklahoma:
Chickasha, Harness Pond .
Crescent, Crescent Lake .
Osborn’s pond .
Elgin, Glenn Pond . : _
Guthrie, Hawley’s pond .
Highland Lake .
Red Lake .
Hillsdale, Coldwater Creek .
Lawton, Markeson’s pond .
Marlow, Jorgeson Pond .
Newkirk, Lake Vanderpool .
Santa Fe Lake .
Okeene, Seigfreid’s pond .
Perry, Clear Lake .
Watson’s pond .
Willet’s pond .
Ponca, Bell Lake . . .
South Coon Creek .
Purcell, Brewer’s lake .
Tryon, Bermuda Lakes .
Wanette, Laughlin’s pond .
Weatherford, Bear Creek Pond .
Pennsylvania:
Birdsboro, Hay Creek .
Bushkill, Delaware River .
Indiana, Yellow Creek .
Marion, Back Creek .
3,000
250
250
200
750
500
500
200
225
100
100
100
100
200
300
100
100
400
100
150
75
50
50
150
75
75
75
150
385
75
100
100
150
200
500
100
100
250
300
200
100
150
50
50
150
142
141
142
50
250
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
30
50
100
30
200
1,200
300
400
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
85
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
> . ROCK BASS — Continued.
Disposition.
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Marion, Conocoeheague Creek . _
Rowlands, Lacka waxen River .
Weissport, Big Creek .
Rhode Island:
Barrington Center, Wood’s pond .
South Carolina:
Blacksburg, Bear Creek .
Clover, Camp Run .
Greenwood, Curltail Creek .
Little Curltail Creek .
Ridgeway, Hobby Lake .
Rock Hill, Spring Ponds .
Spartanburg, Moore’s pond .
Starr, Branch Pond .
Westminster, Branch Lake .
Woodruff, James Creek Pond .
Yorkville, Hart’s pond .
McNeil’s pond .
Tennessee:
Chattanooga, Chickamauga Creek .
Concord, Pepper’s pond .
Gibson, Estes’s pond .
James’s pond .
McMinnville, Sink Creek .
Murfreesboro, Stones River .
Paris, Russell’s lake .
Sparta, Cave Spring Pond .
Watauga Point, Buffalo Creek .
Texas:
Alpine, Jackson’s pond .
Anson, Hendrick’s lake .
Aquilla, Vaughan’s lake .
Blum, Mirror Lake .
Bowie, Waggoner Pond .
Celina, Gearhart’s pond . .
Chico, Largent’s lake .
Comanche, Highland Lake . .
Cooledge, Hardeman’s pond .
Trinity and Brazos Valley
Lake .
Crawford, Railroad Lake . .
Cushing, Kinney’s pond .
Datura, Pritchard’s pond .
Dublin, Johnson’s pond . .
Easterly, Easterly’s pond .
Edgewood, Brier Springs .
Fairlie, Martingin Pond .
Franklin, Cedar Creek, West Fork _
Duncan’s pond .
Love’s pond .
Grapevine, Crowley’s pond .
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
400
Texas — Continued.
Grapevine, Hicks’s pond .
50
600
Greenville, Birdsong Lake .
100
300
Swan Pond .
40
Haskell, Cunningham’s pond .
100
200
Shook’s pond .
50
Hico, Gilmore Creek .
50
100
Joshua, Stephen’s pond .
200
100
Linden City, Dean’s pond .
50
100
Lufkin, Melville Delta Pond .
100
100
Marfa, Barrel Springs Pond .
50
100
Mineola, Conger’s pond .
100
200
Mount Vernon, Gardner’s pond .
50
100
Smith’s pond .
75
100
Palestine, Spring Lake .
Park Springs, Plum Pond .
100
100
30
100
Rotan, Lake Cottonwood .
100
200
Tuxedo, Davis Lake .
25
200
Waco, Fleming’s pond .
75
Winehell, Hoghland’s pond .
1.50
200
Winnsboro, Beggs’spond .
200
200
Wolf City, Jones’s pond .
50
100
Utah:
100
100
400
Virginia:
400
Bumpass, Hill’s pond .
1.50
100
Danville, McGuire’s pond .
300
100
Hewlett, Duke’s pond .
200
500
Hurt, Dawson’s pond .
200
150
100
1,000
40
100
75
600
50
600
50
600
60
40
South Hill, Ferguson’s pond .
200
150
150
200
50
250
Walkers Station, Vaidens Mill Pond . . .
600
100
250
100
250
50
Woods Cross Roads, Valley Front Pond.
150
50
West Virginia:
50
75
75
50
150
650
200
500
Wyoming:
75
100
100
300
66,035
WARMOUTH BASS.
Georgia:
40
Maryland:
Mountain Lock, Potomac River .
752
Total .
1
792
a Lost in transit, 7,360 fingerlings.
59395°— 11 - 9
86
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
SMALL-MOUTH BLACK BASS.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Arkansas:
Mary land— Continued .
2,000
2, 000
2,000
2, 500
12' 000
2, 500
1,000
Connecticut:
Massachusetts:
1,500
Congamond, Congamond Pond .
1,500
900
900
1,000
150
750
500
900
300
200
300
10, 000
900
Indiana:
Michigan:
1,000
6,000
1,000
400
1,000
3,000
1,000
1,500
1,000
1,500
1,000
1,500
1,000
l' 500
l' 000
1,500
1,000
1,500
1,000
1, 500
1,000
lOj 000
l’ 000
1,500
200
1,000
400
1,000
1,500
1,000
1, 500
1.000
3,000
1,000
400
180
400
500
400
250
400
300
1,000
1,500
300
l' 000
3,000
1, 000
3| 000
400
ljooo
400
i; ooo
400
1,000
3,000
'700
3,000
1,000
3,000
2, 000
3', 000
'300
3,000
1,000
3, 000
1,000
3j 000
R 500
1,000
1,500
2^540
600
2, 540
800
300
400
3,240
600
225
400
300
800
345
2,000
375
2,000
300
2,000
Pendleton, Fall Creek .
150
2,000
300
1,500
375
1, 500
2, 000
3' 000
1,000
2,000
3, 000
2,000
3^ 000
2, 000
400
2, 500
400
900
3,000
1,500
3,000
Maine:
400
1,600
400
1, 500
400
4,500
5,000
Maryland:
400
Cropley, Potomac River .
4,000
3,000
12, 000
3,000
Mountain Lock, Potomac River.
1,000
Orion, Lake Orion .
3,000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
87
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
SMALL-MOUTH BLACK BASS-Continuad.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Michigan — Continued.
■
Ohio — Continued.
2,800
1, 500
400
400
200
North Buckhom
200
1,500
South Buckhom
68
1,500
40
400
40
4.500
Topinabee, Mullet Lake .
1,000
Dam .
40
400
50
Watersmeet, Bass Lake .
300
40
300
70
Witch Lake, Long Lake .
300
50
New Hampshire:
Lebanon, Big Swatara Creek _
70
Claremont, Rocky Bound Pond.
750
Peterboro, Cunningham Pond..
1,500
70
1,500
70
New Jersey:
Lake Conewago .
70
200
70
Branehville, Culver Lake .
200
70
Lambertvilie, Lambertville
70
100
70
125
45
Sunset Lake .
125
70
Sterling Forest, Greenwood
Stover Lake .
70
150
70
Sussex County, Lake Grinnell. .
100
70
New York:
Lenape, Brandywine Creek .
68
500
50
Batavia, Godfrey Pond .
40
68
Horseshoe Pond .
40
50
Tonawanda Creek. : . . .
200
50
Binghamton, Susquehanna
Scranton, Cobbs Pond. I .
50
40
50
Broadalbin, Kennyette Creek. .
5,000
40
Cambridge, Crystal Lake .
5,000
40
Dead Pond .
5', 000
Lake Lauderdale. . .
5^000
River .
40
School House Pond.
5,000
40
Fort Edward, Glen Lake .
5,000
50
2,000
40
Johnstown, Caroga Lake .
5,000
East“Caroga Lake. .
5,000
1,500
5,000
1,500
Kingston, Mohonk Lake .
2,000
White Pond .
1,400
Mohonk Reservoir. ..
2,000
Tennessee:
Middletown, Wallkill Creek. . . .
34
6,000
Pelham, Hutchins Pond .
150
3j000
Schenectady, Mariaville Lake. .
5,000
7,000
State Line.'Queechy Lake .
2,000
400
6,000
300
6,000
2,000
4,000
300
b, 000
6,000
200
6^000
Mortimer, Johns River. . ." .
150
5,000
200
10,000
150
4,000
Ohio:
North Troy, Upper Missisquoi
1 500
200
300
1,500
750
1,500
5,000
1,500
10, 000
1,500
5,000
1,500
400
5,000
Rocky Fork Creek . .
1,500
Virginia:
1,500
350
3,000
200
3,000
3,000
3.000
8,000
1,500
9; 000
Germantown" Big Twin Creek..
3,000
Loudoun County, “Potomac
400
24,000
600
12,000
1,500
3,000
1,000
Lake .
400
Petersburg, Club Pond .
3.000
88
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
SMALL-MOUTH BLACK BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Virginia— Continued.
West Virginia— Continued.
Petersburg, Woody Pond .
6, 000
800
12, 000
100
1,000
Remington, Rappahannock
15,000
2,000
3,000
300
1,000
300
2', 000
300
300
300
Washington:
800
100
400
100
498
100
300
100
300
West Virginia:
300
Capon Springs, Great Cacapon
500
45,000
300
1 200
9,000
537,400
109, 986
Greenbrier River .
24| 000
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS.
Alabama:
Montgomery, Brick Yard Lake,
Whetstone Lake.,
Seale, Evans's pond .
Arizona:
Flagstaff, Lake Mary .
Tucson, Cienga Creek . .
Arkansas:
Bearden, Crystal Lake . .
Bentonville, Sugar Creek .
England, Clear Lake .
Fairfield, Atkins Lake . .
Helena, Blue Hole .
Long Lake .
Mississippi River . .
Hope, Moses’s lake .
Sandy Bois d’Arc River.
Lake Village, Lake Chicot .
Lancaster, Frog Bayou .
Little Rock, Asylum Pond .
Mammoth Spring, Strawberry
Creek .
Warm Fork,
Mena, Big Brushy Creek .
Big Fork Creek .
Carter Creek . .
Clear Creek .
Cossatot River .
Dallas Creek . .
Irons Fork River . .
Jansen Lake . .
Little Brushy Creek _
Little Missouri River. . ..
Little Rock Creek . .
Mountain Fork River. . . .
Ouachita River . .
Prairie Creek . .
Two Mile Creek . .
Paris, College Lake .
Rosboro, Caddo Pond . .
Scott, Old River .
Thornton, Pine Lake .
Upland, Brazeal’s pond .
Colorado:
Boulder, Pitts’ pond .
Denver, Holliday’s lakes .
La Jara, Laguna Escondida .
La Junta, Holbrook Reservoir..
Lamar, King Lake .
Neegrando Lake .
1,000
2, 000
2,000
300
300
150
500
400
350
1,000
1,800
7,323
100
250
1,150
500
100
500
300
300
350
300
350
300
300
300
300
300
350
300
300
(100
300
300
500
100
540
125
30
150
150
480
1,000
320
320
Colorado — Continued .
Neeskah Lake .
Thurston Reservoir .
Littleton, Springer’s pond .
Manzanola, Lewis’ reservoir _
Pueblo, Squirrel Creek Re:*er-
Connecticut:
Danbury, Bradley’s pond .
Weekapeeka Lake....
East Hampton, Pocotopaug
Goodspeeds, Bashan Lake .
Higganum, Higganum Reser-
New Canaan, Lake Waccobuc. .
North Stonington, Wyassup
Waterburv, White Oak Pond..
Delaware:
Milton, Parkers Pond .
Teal! Mill Pond .
District of Columbia:
Washington, Central Station
Florida:
Ehren, Muller’s pond .
Georgia:
Douglas, Peterson’s ponds .
Greenville, Powers Hill Pond...
Groveland, Cannochee River...
Marietta, McKenzie’s pond .
Mayfield, Cason’s pond .
a Lost in transit, 3,319 fingerlings.
320
320
320
320
320
320
300
450
100
550
300
250
225
300
400
390
300
200
390
260
250
300
100
200
150
500
500
2,000
500
500
500
1,000
1,750
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
500
100
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS — Continued.
89
Disposition.
Georgia— Continued.
Millen, Buck Head Creek . .
Ogeechee River . .
Oglethorpe, Buck Creek . .
Talbotton, Williams Pond . .
Tifton, Hale’s pond . .
Valdosta, Loch Laurel . .
Vienna, Heard’s pond . .
Idaho:
Nampa, Lake Lowell . .
Priest River, Lees Pond . .
Illinois:
Antioch, Lake Marie .
Aurora, Fox River . .
Belleville, Biebel’s pond .
Fourmile Club Lakes .
Beech Ridge, Cache River . .
Brighton, Kelsey’s pond . .
Montgomery Lake...
Cairo, Cache River . .
Campus, Factory Pond . .
Carbondale, Cox’s lake .
Manning Pond .
Mine Pond .
Spillers Lake
Thompsons Lake . .
Carter, Wellman’s lake .
Carterville, Brandon Pond .
Carroll’s pond .
Carter Pond .
Coleman Pond .
Colp and Arnold
Lakes .
Ferrell Pond .
Hofer Lake .
Zimmerman’s lake . .
Chester, Crisler’s pond .
Fishing Club Lake .
Clay City, Doherty’s pond .
Crainville, Norton’s pond .
Crystal Lake, Crystal Lake .
Dallas City, Mississippi River. .
Decatur, Club Lake .
Franklin, Burlington Reservoir.
Freeburg, Freeburg Lake .
Walnut Grove Pond.
Glenwood, Glenwood Pond .
Grays Lake, Gages Lake .
Herrin, Cambon Pond .
Egyptian Pond .
Homewood, Calumet River .
Kankakee, Iroquois River .
Kankakee River. . . .
Kansas, Hallock’s lake .
Kewanee, Sans Souci Lake .
Makanda, Roberts’s pond .
Marion, Hart’s pond .
Keystone Pond . .
Schwerdt’s lake .
Water Works Lake .
Modoc, Bersche’s pond .
Mulberry Grove, Hudson Pond.
Murphysboro, Stacher Lake _
Naperville, Du Page River,'
East Branch .
Stone Quarry Lake.
O’Fallon, Henrys Lake. . .
Olney, Olney City Reservoir...
Richmond, Lake Elizabeth .
Riverside, Des Plaines River. .
Sandusky, Round Pond .
Shepherd, Sni E’Carte River..
Sterling, Sinsippi Lake .
Ullin, Cache River .
Utica, Fourth Quarry Pond. . . .
Vandalia, Kaskaskia River .
Virden, Maple Avenue Lake.. . .
Waterloo, Bissell Lake .
Woodberry, Woodberry Lake..
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
1,000
1,000
750
250
500
500
250
250
100
1,200
900
250
200
550
300
250
550
500
200
800
800
300
400
300
100
300
150
175
150
150
100
350
350
300
100
100
800
900
80
300
200
500
1,000
1,000
300
450
500
1,200
1,200
200
750
100
175
150
400
150
200
300
200
1,000
450
400
400
800
900
100
600
900
550
450
500
300
600
500
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Indiana:
Anderson, Bayview Pond .
West Brook Pond...
Claypool, Caldwell Lake .
Simon Shultz Lake. . .
Yellow Creek Lake. . .
Cory don. Big Indian Creek .
Elbert’s lake .
DeLong, Tippecanoe River .
Eaton, Hamilton’s pond .
Fort Wayne, Lake Emily .
Indianapolis, Eagle Creek .
Fall Creek .
Nesom’s pond. ...
White River .
Jasper, Calumet Lake .
Schmitt’s pond .
Kendallville, BLxler Lake .
Liberty, White Water River,
East Fork .
Macy, North Mud Lake .
South Mud Lake .
Monticello, Big Metamonong
Creek .
Tippecanoe River..
New Albany, Silver Lake .
North Liberty, Rupel Lake....
Owensville, Stone’s pond .
Paoli, Brookside Reservoir .
Pierceton, Webster Lake .
Richmond, Rettig Lake .
Rockville, Little Raccoon Creek.
Rome City, Lower Lake .
Sylvan Lake .
Stewartsville, Footes Lake .
Summitville, Roseboom’s pond.
Warren, Salamonie River .
Iowa:
Bentley, Walnut Hill Pond .
Cedar Falls, Cedar River .
Hacketts Lake ....
Chariton, McCoy’s pond .
Rice Lake .
Charles City, Cedar River .
Chester, Upper Iowa River .
Clarion, Elm Lake .
Coggon, Buffalo Creek .
Corning, Lake Vernon .
Decorah, Upper Iowa River _
DeWitt, Crystal Lake .
Silver Creek .
Edgewood, Funk’s pond .
Forest City, Imogene Lake .
Glenwood, Glenwood Park
Lake .
Hampton, Reed Lake .
Independence, Wapsipinieon
River .
Lime Springs, Upper Iowa
River .
Manchester, Maquoketa River. .
Marble Rock, Shell Rock River.
Maynard, Little Volga Creek..
North McGregor, Mississippi
River .
Tuskeego, Robertson’s pond ....
Kansas:
Belmont, Bentley’s pond .
Blue Rapids, Big and Little
Blue River .
Bronson, Second Lake .
Caldwell, Fall Creek .
Chanute, Valley View Pond....
Cherry vale, City Lake .
Colony, Clark’s pond .
Conway Springs, Slate Creek.. . .
Farlington, Mitchell’s pond
Huron, Anthony’s pond .
Isabel, Gibson’s pond .
400
300
250
200
250
300
100
700
125
300
100
200
75
200
300
100
200
375
400
400
300
300
40
300
100
100
200
50
435
400
800
200
200
400
125
400
400
100
600
400
800
100
400
100
400
400
200
150
150
700
400
400
2.250
7,100
400
300
5.250
100
100
300
100
500
100
300
125
300
125
225
100
90
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS — Continued.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Kansas — Continued.
Kansas City, Idlewild Lake. . . .
Kingman, Harris Springs Pond.
Reed’s pond .
Leavenworth, Fairgrounds Lake
Marion, Catlin Creek .
Clear Creek .
Cottonwood River,
South Fork .
Middle Creek .
Mud Creek .
Willowbrook Pond .
Medicine Lodge, Chapin Ponds.
Currie Lake . . .
Read Lake ....
Silver Springs
Lake .
Melvern, Long Creek .
Peabody, Cotton Creek .
Country Club Lake...
Crisfieid Pond .
Doyle Creek .
Gray’s pond .
Henry Creek .
Johnson’s pond . .
Rock Island Lake. . . .
Spring Creek . .
Townsend’s pond ....
Pittsburg, Sporting Club Ponds.
St. Francis, Spring Creek .
Selden, Prairie Dog Creek .
Tyro, Brick Company’s lake.. . .
Waverly, Rock Creek .
Wilder, Woodson’s pond .
Yates Center, Waterworks Res¬
ervoir .
Kentucky:
Anchorage, Cox Lake .
Pryor’s pond .
Augusta, Licking River, North
Fork .
Bonnieville, Riggs’s pond .
Campbellsburg, Little Ken¬
tucky River .
Ekron, Horse Lot Pond .
Woods Pond .
Yellow Lake .
Elizabethtown, Cedar Creek. . . .
Nolin River....
Rauboldt Pond.
Valley Creek. . .
Y oungers Creek
Eminence, Thome’s pond .
Glasgow, Beard Pond .
Boyds Creek .
Fallen Timber Creek. .
Peters Creek .
Richardson Pond
Skeggs Creek .
South Fork Creek. . . .
Glendale, Nolin Creek .
Hodgensville, Nolin Creek .
La Grange, Highland Lake .
Lebanon, Big Pond .
Cheyels Creek .
Indian Creek .
Peeps Creek .
Rolling Fork Creek...
Rolling Fork Creek,
North Branch .
. Rolling Fork Creek,
South Branch .
Louisville, Green’s pond .
Lake Lansdowne . . .
Parkview Club Lake
South Park Lake _
Wagner’s pond .
100
Kentucky — Continued.
200
100
Stephensburg
150
Williamsburg, Jellico Creek .
250
250
Louisiana:
Benton, Sunny side Pond .
250
250
250
100
Clinton, Gallent’s pond .
125
Edgerly, Chesson’s pond .
125
Jeanerette, Albania*Pond .
250
250
250
100
Rustin, Lyles's poncl .
250
250
Maine:
Boothbay Harbor, Pine Lake...
350
250
250
Maryland:
100
250
350
250
125
75
325
150
200
100
250
Conococh eague
Creek .
150
75
Hampstead, Patapsco River,
80
75
Mountain Lock, Potomac River.
200
100
100
Rocky Ridge, Monocacy River.
100
80
80
40
80
80
Massachusetts:
East Dedham, Mather Brook
75
75
200
200
150
100
West Gloucester, Haskell’s pond
Michigan:
200
75
150
80
150
75
75
150
150
150
150
80
195
80
ICO
80
Sutherland Lake. . . .
200
200
300
100
100
250
50
25
100
50
75
25
150
3C
100
125
450
155
150
320
180
280
130
100
80
150
280
100
150
200
400
340
270
300
150
440
140
100
300
200
80
360
250
390
250
1,500
400
400
390
350
200
200
200
350
1,000
200
150
150
100
175
400
400
200
400
200
400
400
91
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution' of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Michigan— Continued.
Iron wood, Tamarack Lake .
Taylor Lake.. .
Ishpeming, Silver Lake .
Kingsley, Ilogsback Lake .
Rennie Lake .
Oakley, Shiawassee River .
Oden, Crooked Lake .
Schoolcraft, Weed Lake .
Sylvania, Katherine Lake .
West Bear Lake .
Turtle, African Lake .
Clover Leaf Lake .
Eel Lake .
Emiline Lake .
Gaylord Lake .
Hawk Lake .
Honey Moon Lake .
Independence Lake .
Line Lake .
Mint Lake .
Moose Lake .
Orms Lake .
Rowes Lake .
Toe Lake .
Minnesota:
Alexandria, Darling Lake .
Lake Agnes .
Lake Carlos .
L’Hommedieu
Lake .
Brownsville, Mississippi River. .
Duluth, White Lake .
Kelsey, Lake Rauppe .
Mankato, Lake W ashington
Minneapolis, Burnett’s lake .
Pengilly, Swan Lake .
Preston, Root River .
Root River, Middle
Branch .
Rochester, Zumbro River, Mid¬
dle Branch .
Zumbro River,
South Branch .
St. Paul, State Fish Commis¬
sion .
South Haven, Augusta Lake. . .
Betsy Lake .
Lake Caroline... .
Stewartsville, Lake Florence....
Root River .
Mississippi:
Aberdeen, Dead Lake .
MeNiece Lake .
Medor Lake .
Tombigbee River.. . .
Ackerman, Willow Pond .
Agricultural College, Me Kell’s
pond .
Bexley, LeatherberryMil! Pond.
Mill Pond .
Biloxi, Howell Pond .
Lorenzo Pond .
Brandon, Raymond Pond . .
Canton, Factory Pond . .
McBride Pond . .
Round Lake .
Columbus, Lake Katherine _
Corinth, Bridge Creek .
Cane Creek .
Chambers Creek .
Clear Creek .
Clear Lake .
Conway Lake .
Coon Creek Pond .
Derryberry Lake .....
Elams Creek .
Griffins Pond .
Gum Pond .
400
400
400
375
375
200
700
175
200
200
400
200
200
200
200
400
400
400
400
200
400
400
400
200
200
150
700
300
3. 000
400
450
400
300
900
600
600
200
200
18,250
400
400
400
500
600
25
300
600
275
200
100
75
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
300
200
300
300
200
150
200
200
100
150
150
200
Mississippi — Continued.
Corinth, Lambert’s lake .
Long Pond .
Marlows Mill Pond
Parmitchie Creek .
> Romine and Ward
Pond .
Santa Fe Lake .
Seven Mile Creek .
Tuscumbia River .
Utley Mill Pond .
Waukomis Lake .
Wilson’s pond .
Dancy, Barefoot’s pond .
McCarter’s pond .
Smith’s pond .
W alker’s pond .
White’s pond .
Wilson’s pond .
Durant, Smith’s pond .
Friars Point, Moon Lake .
Iloulka, Reed’s pond .
Houston, Busby’s pond .
Knox Pond .
Howells Switch, Rankin Pond. .
Jackson, Curry’s pond .
Farish Pond .
Lewis’s pond .
Lynch’s pond .
Morrison’s pond .
Richmond Lake .
Spring Lake . .
Tapley’s pond .
Lee County, King Creek .
McCool, Fancher’s pond . .
Lily Pond . .
Sweet Gum Lake .
McDonald, Maj ure’s pond .
Ogletree’s pond _
Smith’s pond .
Maben, Butler’s pond .
Macon, Eiland Pond .
Howards Lake .
Madison Station, Glenarchen
Pond .
Man tee, Lofton’s pond .
Moseley Pond .
Taylor’s pond .
Meridian, College Lakes .
Pleasant Springs ....
Queen City Club
Pond .
New Albany, Conner’s pond. . .
New Houlka, Chuquaton c h e e
Creek .
DeLashmet Lake
Houlka Creek....
Reed Pond .
Okolona, Elliott Pond .
Mill Pond .
Okolona Lake .
Red Bud Creek .
Sansom’s lakes .
Osborn, Montgomery’s pond...
Oak Grove Pond .
Pearson, Sweetwater Lake .
Philadelphia, Wilson’s pond. . .
Pickayune, Tate’s lake .
Ripley, Morgan’s pond .
Sallis, Temple’s pond .
Sessums, Ash Creek Pond .
Gay’s pond .
Rush’s pond .
Wild’s pond .
Shuqualak, Belle Pond .
Dugan Pond .
Hamilton’s pond . .
Jenkins’ pond .
Woodlawn Pond . .
Fry.
linger-
lings.
150
150
100
200
150
150
200
300
150
300
100
100
150
150
100
150
100
200
250
25
150
50
400
300
150
100
150
150
300
300
150
650
300
150
150
25
25
25
150
150
200
100
150
200
150
300
45
200
200
150
150
300
200
200
200
200
150
600
109
100
200
50
76
26
200
100
100
100
100
200
100
100
70
200
92
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details op Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Mississippi— Continued .
Nevada:
200
250
100
250
100
100
300
100
400
150
600
Washington’s pond .
100
300
Strongs, Cox Branch _ I .
100
500
100
400
200
200
100
250
Summit, Godbold’s lake .
250
400
Toomsuba, Live Oak Lake .
35
200
100
400
300
400
150
100
Union, Johnson’s pond .
25
350
150
800
300
Tipton’s pond .
150
500
Yazoo Citv Cedar Grove Pond.
150
Rahway, Water Company’s
Missouri:
500
Asbury, Blackberry Creek .
200
250
Aurora, Flat Creek . .
300
600
Bolivar, Pomme de Terre River.
400
300
Brandsville, Lake of the Four
South Vineland, Bucksliietem
Cantons .
100
400
Butler, Lake Katherine .
400
200
200
250
200
400
400
Clinton, Clinton Lake .
300
250
Cole Camp, Cole Camp Creek. .
300
500
150
150
Creve Cceur, Creve Coeur Lake. .
225
254
Dedwick, Livingston's pond _
100
150
Deepwater, Dickey Lake .
150
300
Fredericktown, St. Francis
150
200
280
Grand View, Spring Lake .
100
100
Higginsville, Railroad Pond ....
475
320
Kansas City, Fairinount Lake..
400
320
100
Knoblick, Little St. Francis
195
140
300
400
150
400
200
400
Water Works Reservoir
200
400
Mount Vernon, Truitt Creek....
300
400
Neosho, Crescent Pond .
200
400
Nevada, Railroad Reservoir _
200
150
Noel, Perry’s ponds .
200
400
Pleasant Hill, ‘Leonards Lake...
500
100
Richards, Richardson’s pond . . .
100
200
Rolla, Big Beaver Creek'. .
80
400
Big Dry Fork Creek .
150
100
Little Beaver Creek .
100
400
Little Drv Fork Creek. . .
100
300
Eo ve Creek .
100
300
McBride Spring Branch.
40
200
Waltz Spring Branch. . . .
40
200
Rosedale, Lewis’s pond .
40
200
Springfield, Doling Lake .
300
200
Swope Station, Lagoon Lake. . .
200
200
Wooded Lake..
200
200
Thayer, Warm Fork Creek .
200
200
Wayne, Woodruff Springs .
300
200
Waynesville, Gasconade River.
150
400
W est Plains, W oolworth’s
400
bayou .
200
White River,
400
North Fork .
200
400
Willow Springs, Willow Springs
400
Reservoir .
200
500
Nebraska:
500
Stuart, Clear Lake .
200
Paradox Lake .
500
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details op Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK B ASS-Continued.
93
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
New York— Continued.
Ohio — Continued .
Riverside Schroon Lake .
500
Roseoe, Florence Lake .
400
Thurman, Echo Lake .
400
500
400
Walden, Wallkill River .
300
Wallkill, Schawangunk River..
400
Warwick, Wickham Lake .
400
Williamstown, Panther Lake...
400
75
North Carolina:
Rock Creek, Grand* River .
125
Charlotte, Catawba River,
St. Marys, Mercer County Res-
96
Franklin, Cartoogaja Creek .
405
Cullasagee Creek .
405
Tennessee River .
300
150
North Dakota:
Wauseon, Miller and Becker
Ambrose, Skjermo Lake .
300
2Q5
400
400
Cottonwood Pond .
100
50
300
175
300
400
250
Buttzville, Buttz’s pond .
300
325
300
175
100
250
Crystal Springs, Crystal Springs
500
Ames, Garden Lake .
100
100
400
300
3,500
400
200
250
100
300
Burns Pond .
100
100
Granville, Buffalo Lodge Lake..
600
100
200
250
100
300
100
250
400
200
10, 500
175
300
100
300
300
200
300
600
100
600
150
150
150
100
150
400
100
1, 100
100
150
125
300
100
300
100
100
140
150
50
100
100
100
575
125
500
100
100
125
100
100
175
200
200
250
250
300
250
500
250
150
140
150
100
150
250
400
125
50
100
775
100
300
100
300
100
100
100
100
250
200
250
425
250
250
250
250
250
Fork .
125
Hallett, Mirror Lake .
200
94 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS — Continued.
Disposition.
Oklahoma— Continued .
Haskell, Oputtuna Pond.
Willows Pond.. .
Hennessey, Jarvis’s pond.
Hobart, Elk Lake .
Hydro, Deer Creek .
Jet, Saline Valley Pond. . .
Kelsey, Illinois River .
Lawton, Medicine Creek..
McAlester, Cole’s lake. . . .
Madill, McMillan Lake . . .
Marietta, Bills Creek .
Cochron Creek. .
Corcoran Creek. .
George William Creek.
Haynes’s lake .
Hickory Creek .
Kirkpatrick Lake. . .
Marietta Club Lake..
Oil Creek .
Rock Creek .
Shegan Creek . .
Simon Lake....
Marlow, Adkins Pond .
Boone Pond . !!!
Cooper’s pond .
Findley’s pond .
Marlow Park Lake. . . .
Marlow Pond .
Martin’s pond . ’
Murray’s pond. . . .
Oquin’s lake .
Sand Hill Pond .
Shaws Pond .
Waldbridge Lake...!
Mill Creek, Mill Creek. .
Muskogee, Country Club Lake
Newkirk, Santa Fe Lake
Ninnekah, Nelson Lake.
Noble, Clear Brook . ”
Wadley’s pond . .
Norman, Sunnybrook Lake
Oehelata, Water Works Reser¬
voir .
Okeene, Schallmo Pond
Oklahoma City, Belle Isle Lake!
Club Lake . j
Colcord’s lake. . I
Elm Lake . !
Hogan’s pond. .
Kingkade’s
lake .
Lakeview Lake
Shepherd’s
lake .
Spring Creek...
Osage, Osage Lake.
Pawhuska, Clear Creek
Pawnee, Walenciak’s lake
Perkins, Jennings Pond
Perry, Beers’s lake . .
Bostick’s pond .
Brown’s pond ..!!!.!!
Casey’s pond. . .
City Lake .
Hansen’s pond . . I
Hansing’s lake .
Keaton’s pond . . .
McCune’s pond. . . ! .
Moore’s pond .
Tucker’s pond .
Ponca, Cottonwood Lake
Evans Lake .
Rockbound Lake
Turkey Creek .
Willow Pond . .
Pond Creek, Fairview Lake .'
Guernsey’s lake.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
100
300
100
150
250
100
300
650
150
125
125
250
175
125
125
250
125
200
200
150
125
150
100
100
100
150
150
150
125
150
150
200
100
125
300
300
250
125
125
100
150
200
100
300
200
250
125
200
250
300
375
125
150
350
100
100
200
200
200
200
500
200
100
200
250
175
125
200
2p0
200
325
150
250
250
Disposition.
Oklahoma— Continued.
Poteau, Long Lake. . .
Purcell, Club Lake. ...!!.'!!!! !
Ripley, Crain’s pond .
Sallisaw, Sallisaw River
Sentinel, Big Elk River . !
Stillwater, Carpenter’s lake!
McKinnon’s pond.
Stroud, Loch Kathrine .
Sulphur, Lowrance Lake
Tahlequah, Wolfe Lake
Terra!, Rock Island Lake . !
Tishomingo, Big Sandy River..
City Lake . .!
Foley Lake .
Little SandyRiver
Trousdale, Liwix’s lake .
Tuttle, Davis’s pond
Vinita, Electric Park Lake. .’ ! ! !
Hall’s lake . !.’
Walter, Johnson’s pond . ! .
Watonga, Cunningham’s "lake
Waukomis, McClennahan’s
pond .
Woodward, Reiliy’s springs.
Yukon, Maixner’s pond .
Pennsylvania:
Bath, Spring Reservoir. . .
Big Bend, Conewago Creek .....
Fleuent Pond. .
Birdsboro, Hay Creek.
Brillharts, Cadorus Creek, South
Branch . ,
Bushkill, Deer Lake. !!!!!!!!!’"
Forest Lake . ! ! ! !
Lake Taminent .
Mud Pond . .
Chester Springs, Pickering
Creek .
Collegeville, Willow Hurst Dam
Connellsville, Indian Creek .
Danville, Susquehanna River
Susquehanna River,
North Branch .
Denver, Cocalico Creek.
East Berlin, Conewago Creek
Factory ville, Lake Carey .
Lake Kewanna. .
Lake Mana taka..
Falls Station, Susquehanna
River .
Fort Washington, Sandy Run. !
Gettysburg, Marsh Creek .
Rock Creek .
Goldsboro, Susquehanna River.
Graftesford, Perkiomen Creek
Greenville, Shenango River _
Hanover, Conewago Creek .
tt Little Conewago Creek
Hatboro, Little Neshaminy
Dam . J
Hickory, Allegheny River. . . ! . !
Huntingdon, Raystown Branch
Indiana, Twolick Creek .
Kimberton, French Creek .
Lancaster, Conestoga River
Mount Morris, Dunkard Creek
New Oxford, Little Conewago
Creek .
Newtown, Neshaminy Creek.
Oaks, Perkiomen Creek .
Skippack Creek .
Oxford, Octoraro Creek, East
Branch . _
Palm, Gehard Dam .
Hosensaek Creek. ! ! . . ! ! ! !
Perkiomen Creek
Phillipsburg, Lehigh River .
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
300
300
100
300
350
100
100
125
200
100
100
200
100
200
250
100
100
100
100
300
100
100
100
100
100
300
300
350
420
300
300
300
300
300
100
80
175
150
250
350
300
300
300
350
200
250
250
280
300
300
300
200
200
350
180
150
300
300
1,000
250
GOO
200
200
500
- 100
100
100
200
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
95
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS — Continued.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Pennsylvania — Continued.
Pittsburg, Gridin Reservoir. . . .
Wildwood Reservoir.
Pocono, Naomi Lake .
Pocono Lake .
Port Royal, Tuscarora Creek. . .
Pottstown, Manatawny Creek. .
Rahns, Perkiomen Creek .
Reading, Angelica Creek .
Jordan Creek .
Maiden Creek .
Schuylkill River .
Stony Creek .
Tulpehocken Creek. . .
Schwenksville, Perkiomen
Creek .
Susquehanna, Susquehanna
River .
Telford, Perkiomen Creek,
Northeast Branch .
Temple, Ontelaunie Creek .
Troy, Cross Roads Creek .
North Branch .
Trunkeyville, Alleghany River.
Tunkhannock, Lake Carey .
Union City, Lake Pleasant .
Warren, Jackson Creek .
Weissport, Poho Poco Creek. . . .
West Chester, Park’s pond .
Wrightsville, Cabin Creek .
Fishing Creek. . ..
Rrentz Creek .
Susquehanna
River .
York, Beaver Creek .
Big Conewago Creek .
Codorus Creek, South
Fork .
Codorus Creek, West
Fork .
Fishing Creek .
Fox Creek .
Keesey Dam .
Kreutz Creek .
Kreutz Pond .
Little Badams Creek .
Little Conewago Creek . . .
Susquehanna River .
York Haven, Big Conewago
Creek .
Conewago Creek...
Susquehanna
River .
Zieglersville, Perkiomen Creek . .
Rhode Island:
Kingston, Hundred Acre Pond .
Westerly, Park Lake .
South Carolina:
Aiken, Branch Pond .
Shaws Creek .
Anderson, Branch Water Pond.
Brown Pond .
Silver Lake .
Angelus, Middleton’s pond .
Belton, Saluda River .
Bethune, Estridge’s pond .
Mill Branch Pond ....
Mill Creek Pond .
Blacksburg, Broad River .
Blaney, Black Lake .
Borden, Pollard Mill Pond .
Bowling Green, Crowders Creek.
Crowders Creek,
South Fork...
Calhoun, Twenty-three Mile
Creek . : .
Camden, Savage’s pond .
Chester, Sandy River .
Clinton, Enoree River .
180
270
300
350
180
150
300
200
200
250
350
200
1,000
300
400
200
300
250
300
300
800
350
300
250
200
140
200
200
300
140
560
140
280
140
280
140
140
140
280
140
280
280
560
280
300
520
390
75
500
48
48
48
500
96
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
70
500
1,000
2,000
25
48
500
South Carolina— Continued.
Clover, Allison Creek .
Beaver Dam Creek .
Bigger’s pond .
Catawba Creek .
Catawba River .
Crowders Creek .
Crowders Mill Pond .
Lower Beaver Dam
Creek .
Mill Creek .
Upper Beaver Dam
Creek .
Columbia. Cedar Creek .
Congaree Creek .
Cotton Mills Reser¬
voir .
Dents Pond .
Gin Pond .
Poplar Branch Pond.
Rodgers Spring .
Croft, Bridge Pond .
Darlington, Charles Mill Pond. .
Easley, Silver Pond .
Eastover, Colonels Creek .
Edgefield, Beaverdam Creek....
Edmund, Thresher Pond .
Eureka, Seiglers Mill Pond .
Everett, Hilliard Pond .
Old Mill Pond .
Fort Lawn, Abernathy’s pond..
Catawba River .
Crawfords Pond .
Fishing Creek .
Gilbert, Hamburg Branch .
Great Falls, Catawba River .
Catawba River
Pond .
Rocky Creek .
Southern Power
Co.’s pond .
Greenville, Saluda Lake .
Greenwood, Bag Creek .
Curl Tail Creek
Pond .
Cutler Branch
Pond .
Davis’s pond .
Garys Pond.... _
Harrison Creek .
Johns Creek .
Little Curl Tail
Creek .
Rays Pond .
Wardlaws Pond . . .
Hartsville, Ox Pen Branch .
Hickory Grove, Bullock Creek..
Honea Path, Broad Mouth
Creek .
Little Creek .
Little River .
Mattison Mill
Pond .
Saluda River .
Turkey Creek .
nopkins, Chappelle Creek .
Mill Creek .
Tub Mill Creek .
Inman, Ray’s pond .
Lamar, Harrell Mill Pond .
Lancaster, Mosier’s pond .
Langley, Power House Pond . . .
Laurens, Reedy River .
Leesville, Lightwood Creek
Pond .
Lightwood Pond .
Lexington, Gable’s pond .
Marietta, Middle Saluda River .
North Saluda River. .
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
30
36
48
96
48
36
36
500
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
500
500
500
1,500
500
1,000
48
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
75
120
‘75
75
25
75
75
135
75
1,000
500
1,000
150
75
75
75
75
75
1,000
1,500
1,000
500
500
500
150
48
75
500
500
1.500
2.500
96
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposit on.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
South Carolina — Continued.
South Dakota— Continued.
. 1,000
125
. 75
150
. 1,000
300
300
. 150
400
. 25
300
_ 1.000
300
'500
150
500
300
500
150
500
300
1,000
300
'500
200
500
125
125
1,500
400
Fooo
'500
150
500
150
2,000
48
500
200
75
500
500
200
48
200
1,000
200
200
150
2,400
500
500
200
150
800
500
2,400
500
200
500
800
1,000
200
1,000
1,000
500
150
25
1,000
Fork . .
2,065
1,000
25
2,055
1,000
25
2,055
3,000
200
50
150
500
105
48
200
1,000
300
1,000
150
1,000
3,425
500
Langdon* Branch
100
1,000
100
Turkey Creek Pond. .
1,000
100
Woodruff, Chumley’s pond .
500
100
South Dakota:
Amarillo, Paladora Pond .
900
300
400
Bonesteel, Flurams Lake .
250
200
Canton, Big Sioux River .
800
500
Carthage, Lake Magnuson .
175
200
300
400
Round" Lake .
300
500
Dell Rapids, Big Sioux River . .
400
200
Forestburg, Watch Lake .
125
100
Kimball, Pleasant Lake .
300
400
Lane, Flowing Wells Lake .
175
150
Lennox, Lake Thorsen .
300
100
Madison, Lake Herman .
500
800
600
150
Marion, Center Lake .
300
150
Silver Lake .
300
200
Vermillion River, West
100
Branch .
300
200
Midland, Stafford’s pond .
125
400
Oakton. Stangl’s pond .
200
300
Parker, Dorow’spond .
100
Travis Branch .
950
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
97
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Texas — Continued .
Brookesmith, Buena Vista Lake .
Brownsville, Horseshoe Resaca
Lake .
Resaca de la Guerra
Lake .
Brownwood, Allison’s pond .
Camp’s pond .
Collins’s pond .
McGaugh Pond... .
Snyder’s pond .
Bryan, Nall’s lake .
Buckholtz, Helmcanip Pond. . . .
Calallen, Casa Morado Reservoir .
Calvert, Calvert Country Club
Lake .
Canyon City, Canyon Lake .
Paladora Creek. . .
Pritchard’s pond .
Terra BlancoCreek
Carlos, Lake Carlos .
Caro, Lower Saner Pond .
Celina, English Lake .
Moore’s lake .
Smith’s lake .
Stelzer’s pool .
Center, Wood Lake .
Center Point, Medina River. . . .
Childress, Lake Keeler .
Lake Scott .
Clarendon, Allan Creek .
Clarksville, Clarksville Country
Club Lake .
Cleburne, Cleburne Country Club
Lake .
Willow Pond .
Clifton, Christenson’s lake .
Reeder’s pond .
Clyde, Deadman Pond. . .
Colmesneil, Lively’s lake .
Colorado, McCreless’s lake .
Plasted’s pond .
Spring Creek Pond. . .
White Elephant Lake
Cooledge, Cottonwood Lake _
Long Branch Lake _
McReynoIds’s reservoir
Valley Lake .
Corsicana, Burks Lake .
Morse’s lake .
Woodley Pond .
Cotulla, Chapman Lake .
Poteet Lake .
Crowell, Burress’s pond .
Campbell’s pond .
Railroad Pond .
Cuero. Hickory Lake .
Cushing, Becton Lake .
Dale, Eppright Pond .
Dalhart, Rita Blanca Lake .
Dallas, Bachman Pond .
Coombs Creek .
Tenison Lake .
Decatur, Halsell Lake .
DeKalb, Hathcocks’s pond .
Del Rio, Devils River .
Denison, Lake Denison .
Denton, Country Club Lake. . . .
Detroit, Clarksville Club Lake. .
Detroit Club Lake .
Sample’s pond .
D’Hanis, Clay Hill Pond .
Doucette, Pope’s pond .
Stewart’s lake .
Eagle Pass, Rosita Creek .
Eastland, Kinnebrew Pool .
Edgewood, Davis Pond .
Elgin, Christian Lake .
Egleston Lake .
100
Texas — Continued .
1,000
1.000
200
150
200
200
1,000
150
160
500
600
Gainesville, Gainesville Club
725
600
725
800
150
329
300
350
125
300
1,500
1, 150
500
300
500
Glad water, Phillips Spring Lake
200
100
112
112
150
150
200
600
300
300
100
200
50
201
1,000
200
500
400
400
300
150
400
1,500
50
200
200
375
775
300
100
300
500
800
300
400
150
100
300
400
200
1,000
300
150
150
134
i .
.
i .
. .
Kingsville, Christenson’s reser-
voir .
100
2,000
50
500
300
32
50
300
213
300
213
200
200
500
GOO
100
500
100
200
200
50
100
100
150
200
100
150
100
150
100
150
200
1,000
300
200
185
100
1,200
150
600
500
150
200
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
800
200
500
500
360
300
150
200
300
150
1,000
400
100
200
100
100
150
200
816
200
634
200
300
300
400
100
98
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Texas— Continued.
Texas— Continued.
Kyle, Goforth Pond .
150
800
Ladonia, Burton’s pond .
300
900
Elliott’s pond .
300
<300
Water Works Pond. . .
300
500
LaGrange, Crownover Lake. . . .
1,500
400
1,500
Laredo,* Bulls Eye Lake .
500
1,000
300
150
Moritas Take .
500
100
Perren’s pond .
400
175
Lillian, Ball’s pond .
150
150
Lillian Lake .
150
200
Lindale, Roberts’s pond .
150
100
Llano Grande, Llano Grande
100
Lake .
1,000
200
Llano, Llano River .
5,000
150
Shumake’s pond .
50
1,000
Longview, Harris’s lake .
400
300
Melton’s lake .
200
1,000
Tavlor’s pond .
300
150
Lovelady, Patterson Lake .
1,000
300
Lyford, Bamboo Lake .
100
30
McGregor, Leon River .
500
1,000
South Bosque Creek.
400
200
Mabank, Caruthers’s pond .
200
200
Cockerell’s pond .
54
200
Grubb’s pond .
150
1,000
Hebei’s pond .
200
i" ooo
McCoy ’spond .
200
200
Pepper’s pond .
200
300
Robertson’s pond .
250
305
Wind Mill Pond .
200
1,000
f Madison, Donaho’s pond .
50
30
Mahl, Pleasant IliH Lake .
300
Watkins’s pond .
50
1,000
j Malakoff, Bartlett’s pond .
100
150
Bricky ard*Pond .
200
150
Flagg’s lake .
400
100
i Manchaca, Labenski Creek .
400
200
Onion Creek .
500
300
Marfa, Barker’s pond .
100
200
, Marshall, Fern Lake .
500
100
McClaran’s lake .
250
400
Maxwell, Schawe Lake .
1,000
150
[ Memphis, Brice’s lake .
1G0
150
Cottonwood Creek. . .
500
200
Jones Creek .
400
800
Noel’s lake .
100
500
Parker Creek .
500
500
900
500
Spring Creek .
500
500
Spring Lake .
100
500
! Mercedes, Davis Lake .
1,000
500
Meridan, Johnson’s lake .
200
, Merkel, Martin’s lake .
050
500
Miller’s lake .
400
500
Valley Farm Lake .
300
500
Miles, Lipan Creek .
410
500
Milford, Katy Pond .
300
Mineola, Conger Pond .
28
500
Lake Park Pond .
100
Willow Pond .
150
600
Mingus, Nine Lake .
300
900
Thurber Lake .
1,000
.
60
Mount Calm, Herring Lake .
100
400
Mount Pleasant, Lake Dellwood
150
400
Mount Selman, Phialpha Lake.
250
50
Mount Vernon’ Devall’s pond. .
150
500
Holbrook Lake.
150
50
Nacogdoches, Fern Lake .
1,000
50
800
100
Navasota, Shell Lake .
1,000
500
Y arboro Lake .
1,000
300
New Braunfels, Comal Creek. . .
600
500
Guadalupe
300
300
500
1.000
200
North Zulch, Railroad Reser-
200
voir .
600
Byrd’s pond..
50
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS— Continued.
99
Disposition. j Fry.
Finger-
| lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
, Finger-
lings.
Texas— Continued.
Sulphur Springs, Higdon Pond. .
Pound Lake. . .
Reiley Lake. . .
Thompson
Pond .
W ooaland
Lake .
Taylor, Taylor Lake .
Temple, Lake Polk .
Terrell, Arnolds Lake .
Cooper Lake .
Country Club Lake .
Garrett’s pond .
Gordon Lake .
Griffith League Lake. . .
Landos Lake .
Martin’s lake .
Oleander Lake .
Sand Branch Lake .
Walton Lake .
White Rock Lake .
Timpson, Green’s lake .
Wedgeworth’s lake . . .
Troup, Gourley Lake .
Waco, Holloway Lake .
Oak Lake .
Turner’s lake .
Waller, Ellis Pond .
• Walnut Springs, Smitham’s lake
Waxahachie, Bell Branch Lake.
Bullard’s lake .
- Davis’s lake .
Katy Fishing Club
Lake .
Spalding Lake. . . .
West End Lake...
Weatherford, Briten Branch....
Hammond Lake..
Webbs, La Zeta Pond .
Weinert, Edwards Lake .
Lake Creek Tank .
West, McClellan Lake .
Wetmore, Classen’s pond .
Wichita Falls, Woodall’s pond. .
Wills Point, McKinney Lake...
Winsboro, Harris’spond .
Wortham, Hardy Gin Lake -
Yoakum, Mergenthal Pond .
Shampaign’s lake .
Zulch, Zulch Lake .
10
10
20
20
150
150
300
100
200
900 [
100
500
100
400
100
100
100
100
150
100
300
200
300
300
100
400
50
800
200
200
500
475
485
50
2,300
400
150
750
400
50
300
100
20
150
100
200
150
Utah:
Centerville, Perkins’ pond .
Ogden, Brigham Pond .
Virginia:
Alleghany, Dunlap Creek .
Ashland, Ashland Park Pond. . .
King Pond .
Atlee, Cross Creek Pond .
Blackstone, Webb’s pond .
Bristol, Columbian Paper Co.’s
reservoir .
Broad Run, Broad Run .
Brookneal, Falling Creek .
Buffalo Junction, Aarons Creek.
Hites Pond...
Pools Pond. . .
Watkins Mill
Pond .
Callaghan, Dunlop Creek .
Potts Creek .
Chatham, Crystal Lake .
Hedrick’s pond .
Church Road, Burnt Quarter
Pond .
Claremont, Snyder’s pond .
Clarksville, Grassy Creek .
Island Creek .
Lewis’s lake .
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2.000
1,000
2,000
100
200
300
75
75
100
150
200
75
250
250
250
250
400
400
200
Virgin ia— Continued .
Clarkton, Staunton River Lake .
Cobham, Cobham Park Pond . .
Cohoke,- Cohoke Club Pond . J .
Cologne, Bland’s pond . } .
Craigsville, Campbell Pond . | .
Culpeper, Smith Run Pond - j .
Danville, Dan River . I 1 , 000
Drakes Branch, Twitty Creek. . .
Drewryville, Drewry Mill Pond j .
Pope’s pond . I .
East Lexington, North River |
Pond . .
Elmont, Chickahominy Mill I
Pond . .
Evington, Haden Branch . .
Farmville, Bolling’s pond .
Richardson’s pond .
Fishers Hill, Shenandoah River .
Fredericksburg, Corenty Pond .
Rappahannock
River .
Gordonsville, Atkinson’s pond. ..
Harrisonburg, Dry River .
Linville Cree k
I.ake .
North River .
Hollins, Carvins Creek .
Hot Springs, Jackson River .
Hunters, Little Hunting Creek . .
Heswick, C'nristan’s pond . .
La Crosse, Meherrin River .
Lawrenceville, Great Creek .
Meherrin River. .
Rose Creek .
lawyers, Leech’s pond .
Leesburg, Goose Creek .
Potomac River .
Limeton, Shenandoah River,
South Branch .
Louisa, Kent Mill Pond .
Lynchburg, Odd FellowsHome
Lake. . . . .
Martinsville, Smith River .
Moseley Junction, Oak Hill Pond
Mt. Jackson, Mill Creek .
Shenandoah River. .
Shenandoah River,
North Branch. .. .
Smith Creek .
Natural Bridge, Buflalo Creek.. .
Nelson, Aarons Creek .
New Castle, Craig Creek .
Johns Creek .
Newport News, Jordan’s lake. . .
Norfolk, Lake Modoc .
North River, North River .
Nottaway, Robertson’s pond. . .
Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge Pond. . . .
Occoquan, Metzger’s pond .
Occoquan River .
Wells Pond .
Overall, Shenandoah River ...
Oyster Point, Oyster Point
Pond .
Youngs Mill Pond
Pamplin City, Bakers Mill Pond
Calhoun Pond. . .
Rossers Mill
Pond .
Penola, Mataponi Pond .
Petersburg, Brandon Pond .
Cains Mill Pond. . . .
Daniels Pond .
Kutchan Pond .
Lake Ferndale Park
West End Park
Lake .
Rapidan, Taliaferro Lake .
2,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
5,000
500
100
75
75
75
350
350
250
250
200
75
200
250
200
200
40
80
300
100
100
100
400
150
75
300
300
250
50
200
300
100
700
100
100
100
100
100
250
125
250
250
125
200
100
125
500
40
80
40
300
200
200
250
250
250
SO
200
200
75
75
75
150
150
100
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS— Continued.
Disposition.
Virginia— Continued.
Richmond, Broad Lock Pond. .
Bryan Pond .
Dead Creek Pond . . .
Falling Creek .
Flat Rock Pond ....
Fulton Club Pond. .
Garlick Pond .
Lakeside Pond .
Licking Creek Pond
MacGregor Hall
Pond .
Newman Pond .
Powhite Pond .
Providence Forge
Pond .
Reservoir Lake .
Spring Pond .
Rockfish, Hardwick Lake .
Plain view Pond .
Shawen’s pond .
Rocky Mound, Furnace Creek. .
Big River .
Roxbury, Etna Mill Pond .
Rural Retreat, Scott’s pond .
Salem, Roanoke River .
Saxe, Charlotte Pond .
Shipman, Oak Ridge Pond .
Soudan, Grass Creek .
South Boston, Butram Creek. . .
Dan River .
Strasburg, Shenandoah River. . .
Shenandoah River,
West Fork .
Stuart, Mayo River .
Swords Creek, Clinch River .
Sycamore, Hunt Mill Pond .
Tappahannock, Mornington
Lake . 1
Timber Ridge, North River .
Urbanna, Jackson Mill Pond
Victoria, Abilene Reservoir .
Victoria Reservoir .
Village, Smithers Mill Pond....
Virginia Beach, Lake Christine..
Wadesville, Opequan Creek. . . .
Wakefield, Brittle’s pond .
Walkerford, James River .
Walkers Station, Vaidens Mill
Pond .
Warren, Ballinger Creek .
Waterlick, Shenandoah River.. .
Weems, Carter Creek .
Winchester, Back Creek .
Hogue Creek .
Woodstock, Shenandoah River,
North Branch .
W ytheville, Reed Creek .
Washington:
Anacortes, Lake Campbell .
Paso Lake .
Medical Lake, Clear Lake .
Silver Lake .
Montesano, Lake Neuwatzel. . . .
Newport, Casey Lake .
Tacoma, Madrona Lake .
West Virginia:
Belva, Peters Creek .
Bretz, Deckers Creek .
Caddell, Cheat River .
Capon Springs, Great Cacapon
River .
Chapmansville, Guyandotte
River .
Charleston, Elk River .
Elm Grove, Big Wheeling
Creek .
Fairmont, Monongahela River. .
Tygarts Valley River
Fry.
1,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
1,000
1,000
West Virginia— Continued.
400
150
1,000
400
1,500
1,000
1,150
Little Falls, Monongahela River
400
1,500
1,000
100
200
Monongahela
G40
1,000
1,000
200
1,000
400
1,000
1,000
400
80
1,000
Romney, Potomac River, South
560
100
400
100
Springfield, Potomac River,
300
100
400
100
1,400
200
Weston, Monongahela River,
600
250
400
2,000
200
Wisconsin:
500
225
600
100
400
150
200
400
300
400
75
200
200
75
200
350
300
200
500
250
250
300
200
300
250
200
250
Fairchild, Eau Claire River,
400
800
100
1,668
400
300
200
200
100
400
400
600
600
400
500
100
250
75
300
200
400
200
200
200
300
100
Hillsboro, Baraboo River, South
250
350
400
400
400
300
Trempealeau
500
400
4, 666
1,200
400
300
1,000
250
200
200
200
400
150
400
4,000
4,000
300
200
200
900
400
200
240
200
200
200
200
400
200
400
400
400
Herbert Lake .
200
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
- LARGE-MOUTH BLACK BASS— Continued.
101
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Disposition.
Fry.
Finger-
lings.
Wisconsin — Continued.
W isconsin— Continued .
400
450
400
800
200
300
400
200
500
400
300
300
400
400
250
400
400
200
166
250
500
600
800
500
500
125
4,250
Shoshoni, Big Horn River .
400
400
Sheboygan Falls, Sheboygan
Total a .
56,600
665,868
River .
250
a Lost in transit, 25,135 fingerlings.
SUNFISH (BREAM).
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Alabama:
Gordo, Hannah’s pond .
Haleyville, Haleyville Pond .
Hodges, Strifel’s pond .
Kennedy, Savage’s pond .
Reform,' Harper’s pond .
Sulligent, Maddox’s pond .
Tuscumbia, Tuscumbia Spring .
Vance, Lawrence’s pond .
Arkansas:
Greenwood, Saling’s pond .
Harrison, Bates’s pond .
Helena, Mississippi River .
Hope, Brandon’s pond .
. Johnson’s pond .
Little Rock, Asylum Pond .
Mammoth Springs, Mammoth Springs.
Marshall, Horton’s pond. . .
Nashville, Mine Creek . : . .
Reese’s pond . . .
Whelen, Edmond’s pond .
Connecticut:
Leonard Bridge, Hop River .
Seymour, Beecher’s pond .
Florida:
Ehren, Floral Lake .
Tampa, Saddle Bag Lake .
Georgia:
Adel, Beaver Dam Bay .
Saddlebag Pond .
Americus, Mountain Creek Pond .
Ashburn, Clear Pond .
Fitzgerald’s pond .
Atlanta, Moccasin Lake .
Blue Ridge, Carter’s pond .
Chamblee, Jones’s pond .
Charing, Branch Pond .
Clarkesville, Edward’s pond .
Hazel Creek .
Clayton, Justus’s pond .
Collins, Jarriel’s pond .
Wilson’s pond .
Wrenn’s pond .
100
125
100
100
100
100
100
125
150
150
83,665
100
100
100
200
150
250
100
100
600
300
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
110
120
25
50
100
150
125
50
50
50
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
vear-
iings,
and
adults.
Georgia— Continued.
Cuthbert, Nochaway Creek .
Wade’s pond .
Ellavi le, Murray’s pond .
Ellabelle, Tony Branch .
Flint, Stegall’s lake .
Forsythe, Bessie Tift Lake .
Jackson’s pond .
Garfield, Oglesby’s pond .
Glennville, De Loach's pond .
Lewis’s pond .
Graymont, Cowert’s pond . . . . .
Wetherford’s pond .
Halcyondale, Simmons’s pond .
Junction City, Carlisle’s pond .
Moore’s pond .
Leesburg, Kinchatoonee Creek .
Macon, Biarly Lodge Pond .
Recreation Club Lake .
Manchester, Manchester Pond .
Marshallville, Grisolm Spring Pond ....
Outing Club Pond .
Rumple’s pond .
Mayfield, Long’s pond .
Millen, Buckhead Creek .
Ogeechee River .
Munnerlyn, Rosemary Creek .
Rupert, Bodiford’s pond .
Scarboro, Ogeechee River .
Smithville, Kinchatoonee Creek .
Muckalee Creek .
Stillmore, Cannochee Pond .
Stinson, Lake Benson .
Summit, Bowie’s pond .
Brown’s pond .
Cowart’s pond .
Spring Branch Pond .
Turner’s pond .
Sylvester, Pope’s pond .
Talbotton, Maxwell’s pond — .
Parker’s pond .
Silver Lake .
Wilson’s pond .
100
50
100
200
400
50
50
100
50
50
100
100
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
100
100
50
100
100
100
100
225
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
59395°— 11 - 10
102
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution
of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
SUNFISH (BREAM)— Continued.
Disposition.
G eorgia— Continued .
Tennille, Boatright’s pond .
The Rock, Stafford’s pond .
Tifton, Purdy’s pond .
Ty Ty, Parks’s pond .
Vienna, Lane’s pond .
Wade, Brinson’s pond .
Illinois:
Belleville, Gauss’s lake .
Rheins’s lake .
Olney, Olney Reservoir .
Indiana:
Borden, Koerber’s pond .
Spring Pond .
Bristol, Newman’s pond .
Carbon, Harrold’s pond .
Chrisney, Oak Hill Pond .
Dubois, Silver Pond .
Edinburg, Spring Lake .
Fairmount, Little’s pond .
Manzanita Lake .
Farmersburg, Lewis’s pond .
Kewanna, Bruce Lake .
1 Lima, Still Lake .
Madison, Big Creek .
New Albany, Old Cave Pond .
- Ossian, Willow Pond .
Silver Lake, Silver Lake .
Veedersburg, Coal Creek .
Iowa:
Casey, Spring Lake .
Cumberland, Hawthorn Lake .
Fort Madison, Green Bay .
Lime Springs, Upper Iowa River .
North McGregor, Mississippi River .
Underwood, Geise’spond .
Kansas:
Grenola, Cana River .
Kentucky:
Beard, Cypress Pond .
Elizabethtown, Heady’s pond... .
Eminence, Boyne’s pond .
Helbum’s pond .
Glasgow, Fallen Timber Creek .
Grays, Lynn Camp Pond .
Louisville, Lake Lansdowne .
Saxton, Beech’s pond .
Sonora, Ireland’s pond .
Louisiana:
Bogalusa, Bogalusa Pond .
Homer, Gladney’s pond .
Spring "Lake .
Ruston, Pugh’s pond .
Scotland, Scotland Plantation Lake....
Maryland:
Bel Air, Barnes Run .
Chevy Chase, Locust Lake .
Landover, Oak Hill Pond .
Mountain Lock, Potomac River .
Massachusetts:
Plymouth, King’s pond .
West Pond .
Minnesota:
Brownsville, Mississippi River .
Smiley, Pelican Lake .
Mississippi:
Blue Mountain, Simmons’ pond .
Booneville, Gin Pond .
Brookhaven, Applewhite’s pond .
Brooksville, Dixie Pond .
Peterson’s pond .
Centreville, Dick’s pond .
Willow Lake .
Collins, Mayfield’s pond .
Columbus, Fig Pond .
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
100
Mississippi — Continued.
Corinth, Pound’s pond .
100
50
Rilla Pond .
100
50
Waukomis Lake .
100
50
Crenshaw, Berk’s pond .
100
50
Mitchell’s pond .
100
50
Durant, McDonald’s pond .
100
Enterprise, Kamper’spond .
100
200
Gandsi, Spring Pond .
100
100
Hazelhurst, Harrison’s pond .
100
100
Heidelberg, Vernon’s pond .
Hickory, White Oak Pond .
100
100
100
Houston, Knox’s pond .
100
100
Jackson, Spring Lake .
Willow Pond .
100
100
ino
300
Laurel, Park Lake .
150
100
Liberty, Ball’s pond .
100
100
Lockhart, Harbour’s pond .
100
300
McDonald, Ingram’s pond .
100
100
Macon, Boswell’s pond .
1.50
100
Eiland’s pond .
150
200
Howard’s lake .
125
400
Stuart’s pond .
100
200
Meridian, Bailey’s pond .
100
350
College Lake .
100
100
Miller’s pond .
200
100
Suttle’s pond .
350
100
New Albany, Stroud’s pond .
100
800
Nicholson, Gentry’s pond .
100
Okolona, Colburn’s pond .
200
200
Quitman, Lake Ruth .
100
100
McNair’s pond .
100
1,100
Sessums, Perkins' pond .
100
4,500
Sherwood, Norris’ pond .
100
73,250
Shuqualak, Adams’ lake .
150
100
Wigwam Lake .
150
Strongs, Lake Bolivar .
100
200
Spring Creek .
100
Williams’ pond .
100
100
Summit, Hillside Pond .
200
100
Willow Pond .
150
100
Taylorsville, Robinson’s pond .
100
100
Tishomingo, Holley’s lake .
Tupelo, Hill’s pond .
150
150
200
400
Van Vleet, Arnett Place Pond .
250
300
Hickory Grove Pond .
100
400
Waynesboro, Dyess Mill Pond .
100
150
Oakland Pond .
100
Patten’s creek .
100
300
Taylor’s lake .
100
100
Wilkins Mill Pond .
100
100
West Point, Dunlap’s lake .
400
100
Ivy’s pond .
400
200
Trout Lake .
100
Whittaker, Whittaker’s pond .
150
1.50
Yazoo City, Hicks’ pond .
100
400
Missouri:
250
Arlington, Lukrofka’s pond .
400
5,600
Conway, Thomas’ pond .
200
Marquand, Clubb’s pond .
200
300
Nebraska:
300
Cheney, Variety Grove Farm Pond. . ..
100
17, 300
Nevada:
Ely, Olsen’s lake .
150
500
New Mexico:
Deming, Harris’s pond .
150
100
Elida, Mesa Lake .
100
100
North Carolina:
100
Aberdeen, Bonnie Brier Pond .
75
100
Sand Hill Branch Pond .
300
150
Angier, Matthews’ pond .
150
150
Concord, Clark Creek .
225
150
Springville Pond .
150
125
Fayetteville, Pine Lake .
450
300
Franklinton, Dickerson Mill Pond .
75
4
103
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs— Continued.
SUNFISH (BREAM) — Continued.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
North Carolina-Continued.
Franklinton, Green Hill Pond .
Spring Branch .
Whiteside Pond .
Williams’s ponds .
Gastonia, Crawford’s pond .
Lake Giles .
Payes Lake .
Spencer’s lake .
Glen Alpine, Silver Creek Pond .
Gold Hm, Second Creek .
Graham, Graham Country Club Pond..
Guilford College, Ash Pond .
Hendersonville, Lake Osceola .
Lake West .
Rhett’s pond .
High Point, Willard’s pond .
Landis, Codie Creek Pond .
Landrum, Green way’s pond .
Hughes’ pond .
Lexington, Bock’s pond .
Hargrave’s pond .
Liberty, Cane Creek Pond .
Thompson’s pond .
Lilesville, Dockery’s pond .
Island Creek .
Mill Brook, Pineridge Pond .
Morgantown, McDowell’s pond .
Morven, Hamville Pond .
Mill Pond .
Spring Pond .
Pinnacle, Culler’s pond .
Pittsboro, Four Springs Pond .
Hail borne Pond .
Petty’s pond .
Raleigh, Country Club Lake .
Lynn’s pond .
Rockingham, Dog Branch Pond .
Ronda, Bugaboo Pond . . .
Little Elkin Pond .
Rutherfordton, Broad River Pond .
Salisbury, Cauble’s pond .
Glover’s pond .
Smithfield, Pou’s pond .
Southside, Rhyne’s pond . . .
Wake Forest, Allen’s pond .
Bobbitt’s pond .
Dickson’s pond .
Harrison’s pond .
Maltonia Club Pond .
Moore’s ponds .
Spring Pond .
Wilbon, Neill’s pond .
Wilkesboro, Roberson’s pond .
Winston-Salem, Holton’s pond .
Youngsville, Alexander’s pond .
North Dakota:
Devils Lake, Devils Lake .
Granville, Buffalo Lodge Lake .
Oriska, Beyer’s pond .
St. John, Clear Lake .
Hooker’s lake .
Lake Alexander .
Lake Nemo .
Waukipa Lake .
Ohio:
Ada, Hubbell’s pond .
Gallipolis, Safford’s pond .
Hebron, Buckeye Lake .
Orbiston, Orbiston Pond .
Perry, Shady Nook Pond .
Rarden, Taylor’s pond .
Rossmoyne, Taylor’s pond .
Sharonville, Schatzle’s pond . -
Tippecanoe City, Kessler’s pond - ...
75
75
75
150
75
225
150
300
75
150
225
75
000
300
150
75
75
75
150
175
75
75
75
225
225
210
100
75
150
150
75
225
75
150
300
75
75
150
150
75
175
125
150
75
75
100
100
100
150
300
100
225
75
75
75
1,000
300
70
300
300
300
300
300
100
100
000
100
400
100
100
100
X00
Oklahoma:
Ardmore, City Lake .
Dyer Lake .
Reed’s lake .
Santa Fe Lake .
Asher, Merrill’s pond .
Salt Creek Ponds .
Doxey, Topper’s pond .
Elk City, Hughes’s lake .
Hugo, Wright’s pond .
Pryor, Miller’s pond .
Stuart, Coal Creek .
Tyrone, Crites’s pond .
Pennsylvania-.
Canonsburg, Neill’s pond .
Danville, Susquehanna River .
Hanover, Little Conewago Creek .
Huntingdon, Raystown Branch .
Icedale, Brandywine Creek .
New Bethlehem, Leatherwood Creek...
Palm, Hosenack Creek Lake .
Perkiomen Creek .
Reading, Maiden Creek .
Tulpehocken Creek .
Shoemakersviile, Dreibelbis Creek .
Moyer Creek .
Temple, Ahren’s pond .
Bernhart’s lake .
Weissport, Big Creek .
Windber, Ice Company Pond .
York, Spring Lake .
South Carolina:
Aiken, Bridge Creek Pond .
Johnson’s pond .
Shaw’s pond .
Thorpe’s pond .
Belton, Williams’s pond .
Bethune, Bell Branch Pond .
Blacksburg, Parris’s pond .
Blaney, Crystal Lake .
Borden, Pollard Mill Pond .
Camden, Boykin’s pond .
McLeod’s pond .
Central, Arnold’s pond .
Holcomb’s pond .
Chester, Dry Fork Pond .
Columbia, Cayce’s pond .
GilbCreek .
Messer’s pond .
Mill Creek Pond .
Poplar Branch Pond .
Cope, Fogle’s pond . . .
Cordova, Smoak’s pond .
Fort Mill, Spring Pond .
Gaffney, Parker’s pond .
Turner’s pond .
Graniteville, Power House Pond .
Greenville, Houston’s pond .
Maple Creek Pond .
Greenwood, Logan Branch .
Moore Branch Pond .
Spring Pond .
Hartsville, Beaver Dam Pond .
Prestwood Pond .
Honea Path, Big Spring Pond .
Broadmouth Creek .
Kay’s pond .
Knight’s pond .
Little River .
Johnston, Brimson’s pond .
Butler’s pond .
Calhoun’s pond .
Hilliard’s pond .
Hollingsworth’s pond .
Lott’s pond . . .
300
200
100
300
100
125
100
100
100
100
100
100
300
1,250
150
200
300
500
200
200
300
300
200
200
200
200
300
200
100
150
100
100
100
100
100
75
100
100
100
200
50
50
75
200
200
200
200
100
100
75
75
75
75
75
150
75
75
75
75
100
100
100
175
150
75
100
10C
75
75
100
75
75
104
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
SUNFISH (BREAM)— Continued.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
South Carolina — Continued.
Johnston, Spring Branch .
75
Ward Creek Pond .
100
Kershaw, Horton’s pond .
75
Kinards, Oxner’s pond .
75
Lancaster, Steele’s pond .
75
Wildcat Pond .
75
Laney, Robeson’s pond .
100
Langley, Little Horse Creek Pond .
250
McCormick, Britt’s pond .
• 75
Spring House Pond .
75
Spring Pond .
100
Macedon, Bogy Pond .
100
Newberry, Kings Creek .
100
North Augusta, Big Branch Pond .
100
North, White’s pond .
100
Orangeburg, Gue’s pond .
50
Pageland, Hicks’s pond .
100
Perry, Piney Branch Pond .
125
Pickens, Colony Pond .
50
Oolong Pond .
75
Rock Hill, Mill Pond .
100
Ruby, Oliver’s pond .
100
Salley, Branch Pond .
150
Seneca, Langston’s pond .
50
Shoals Junction, Dunn’s pond .
100
Simpsonville, Rocky Creek Pond .
75
Strother, McMahan’s pond .
50
Trenton, Hughes’s pond .
100
Horn Creek .
75
Hunt Creek Pond .
100
Marsh’s pond .
100
Raus’s pond .
75
Shaws Creek Pond .
75
Webb’s pond .
75
Union, Buffalo Mill Pond .
100
Municipal Reservoir .
100
Wagner, Dean Swamp Pond .
75
Walhalla, Bauknight’s pond .
75
Burley’s pond .
75
Oconee pond .
75
Todd’s pond .
75
Verner’spond .
75
Willington, Ariail’s pond .
75
Covin’s pond .
75
Gilbert’s pond .
75
Le Roy’s pond .
75
Little River .
100
Winnsboro, Freight’s pond .
50
Haynes’s pond .
75
Woodruff, Chumley’spond.. .
75
Ferguson Creek .
50
AVatson’s pond .
75
Yorkville, Smith’s pond .
75
South Dakota:
Hitchcock, Cramer’s pond .
100
Scenic, Knutson’s pond .
425
Tennessee:
Butler , Cable’s pond .
175
Concord, Turkey Creek Lake .
200
Cookeville, Clause’s pond .
225
Cumberland Gap, Holly Hill Pond .
200
Lambert’s pond .
200
Johnson City, Aspen Bower Take .
500
Knoxville, Little River .
75
Maryville, Housholder’s pond ....
200
Tate Springs, Kirkham’s" pond .
75
Tate Springs Reservoir. .
150
AVautauga Point, Buffalo Creek .
500
AA'hitesburg, Shields’s pond .
75
Texas:
Amarillo, Famous Heights Park Lake..
50
Big Springs, Davis’s pond .
35
Fisher’s pond .
35
Blum. Klondike Lake .
100 I
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
yew-
lings,
and
adults.
Texas — Conti nued .
Brady, Lime Oak Creek .
Brazos, Blucher’s pond .
Carbon, Pierce’s pond . . .
Carthage, Hill’s lakes .
Cisco, Lake Borine .
Clifton, Manske’s pond .
Comanche, Highland Lake .
De Leon, Spring Pond .
Elkhart, Elkhart Lake .
Eskota, Kurth’s pond .
Fort Worth, Davie Bums Lake .
Friona, Mayflower Pond .
Gorman, King’s pond .
Lusk’s pond .
Gordon, Chenault’s pond .
Horlin’s pond .
Graham, Oak Grove Pond .
Grand Saline, Brown’s pond .
Jacksonville, Belva Lake .
Kaufman, Holler Pond .
Kemp, Trinity Lake .
Lindale, Mill Creek Pond .
Llano, Doel’spond .
Lytle, Carter’s pond .
Mabank, Grubb’s pond .
Manor, Johnson’s reservoir .
Marlin, Clark’s pond . .
Marshall, Lake Ferns .
Lake Katrine .
Walker’s lake .
Merkel, Count’s pond .
Nacogdoches, Mamie Ross Lake .
Rockdale, Coffield’spond .
Randle’s lake .
Rotan, Hunter’s pond .
Saginaw, Beall’s pond .
Santo, Miller’s pond .
Terrell, McCord’s pond . . .
Renfro Creek Lake .
' Toyah, Humphries’s pond . . . .
Tuxedo, Davis’s lake .
Tye, Worthington Lake .
Tyler, Country Club Lake .
Lake Park .
Lake W ood .
Walnut Springs, Smitham’s lake .
Wichita, Railroad Pond .
Winnsboro, Baker’s pond .
Spring Lake .
Virginia:
Biealeton, Old Gum Spring Pond .
Beaver Dam, Thompson’s pond . .
Belmont Park, Goose Creek .
Charlottesville, New Reservoir .
Cumberland, Burleighhall Pond. .
Dillwyn, Fitzgerald’s pond .
Disputants, Belsches’spond .
Drewrys Bluff , Spring Lake .
Dungamon, Kilgore’s pond .
East Lexington, North River Pond ....
Evington, Irvine's pond .
Farmville, Agee’s pond .
Gladys, Maple Pond .
Gordonsville, Oak Hill Pond .
Orange, Mill Creek Pond. . . , .
Pennington Gap, Hickory Flats Pond..
Petersburg, Belscher’s pond .
Shipman, Mountain Pond .
Spout Springs, Poplar Pond .
Staunton, Gypsy Hill Lake .
Trotitville, Alderson’s pond .
Troy, Poplar Grove Pond .
Wihton, Brown’s pond .
Warrenton. Cedar Run .
75
30
30
50
100
50
25
100
200
50
50
30
60
30
50
30
20
30
200
30
100
100
40
30
30
20
50
300
50
50
30
300
100
40
130
50
50
25
25
50
100
40
200
200
200
100
60
20
150
150
125
350
225
125
125
125
125
450
100
200
250
200
400
125
200
400
125
150
125
150
125
200
100
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
105
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
SUNFISII (BREAM)— Continued.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Disposition.
Finger-
lings,
year¬
lings,
and
adults.
Virginia — Continued.
Wisconsin— Continued.
Warren ton, Forest Branch Pond .
Washington:
150
Independence, New City I ond .
La Crosse, Mississippi River .
200
21,468
300
300
West Virginia:
Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River .
58,250
Bedington, Emerson’s pond .
500
Victory, Mississippi River .
1,666
Weston, Walnut Fork Pond .
200
Wyoming:
Wisconsin:
Sheridan, Cut-Off Pond .
150
Genoa, Mississippi River .
4, 166
300
342,825
a Lost in transit, 2,810 fingerlings.
PIKE PERCH.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Arkansas:
50,000
400,000
800
Connecticut:
500.000
Illinois:
8,000,000
930,000
1,260,000
1, 260, 000
800, 000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
750,000
600,000
300, 000
400,000
400, 000
400, 000
250, 000
200,000
400,000
800, 000
1,500,000
800,000
800, 000
1,000,000
1,000,000
800, 000
1,500,000
1,000,000
400,000
1,000,000
800,000
500,000
600,000
500.000
1, 200, 000
4,500,000
500,000
540,000
Indiana:
Iowa:
Kansas:
Kentucky:
Massachusetts:
Michigan:.
34, 280,000
Edwardsburg, Eagle Lake .
975,666
106
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
PIKE PERCH— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Michigan — Continued.
Hale Lake, Hale Lake .
500,000
800,000
600,000
800, 000
1,000,000
1,200,000
360,000
540,000
500,000
Loon Lake .
Lincoln, Brownlee Lake . .
Millersburg, Barnhart Lakes .
Paw Paw, Maple Lake .
St. Joseph', Lake Chapin .
Witch Lake, Horse Shoe Lake .
Minnesota:
Alexandria, Lake Geneva .
Big Lake, Big Lake . .
Brownsville, Mississippi River .
1,730
Chub Lake, Chub Lake .
400,000
600,000
720,000
400.000
400, 000
Hanging Horn Lake, Hanging Horn Lake .
Mankato, Lake Washington .“ .
Missouri:
Crocker, Gasconade River .
Roubidoux Creek .
St. Joseph, Missouri Fish Commission .
2,000,000
New Hampshire:
MountainviewT, Ossipee Lake .
1,000.000
500, 000
700,000
600,000
600,000
400,000
Winchester, Forest Lake .
New Jersey:
Boonton, Rockaway River .
New York:
Addison, Canister River .
Bliss, Eagle Lake .
Lisle. Tioughnioga River .
North Dakota:
Cando, State Fish Commission .
10,000,000
Ohio:
1,000,000
1,000,000
16,000,000
16, 000, 000
1,000,000
475,000
20,000,000
Holliers Beach, Lake Erie .
Lima, LimaXake . - .
Port Clinton, Lake Erie .
Put-in Bay, Lake Erie .
170,725,000
Toledo, Lake Erie . .
10,000,000
1,500,000
400,000
800,000
600,000
Upper Sandusky, Upper Sandusky River .
Oklahoma:
• Tahlequah, Illinois River .
Pennsylvania:
Erie, Pennsylvania Fish Commission . _• .
96, 450, 000
700,000
500,000
700,000
300,000
700,000
500,000
800,000
800,000
200, 000
1,000,000
500,000
500,000
800,000
800, 000
800,000
600,000
800,000
800,000
11,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
500,000
800,000
400,000
500,000
Goldsboro, Susquehanna River .
New Milford, Upper Lake .
Spruce Hill, TuscaroraCreek .
.
Susquehanna, Page Pond .
Susquehanna River .
Vicksburg, Armstrong Run .
Wilkes-Barre, Nuangola Lake .
York Haven, Susquehanna River .
Soul h Dakota:
Langford, Ninemile Lake .
Sixmile Lake _ .- .
Tennessee:
Springfield, Milldale Pond .
Vermont:
Ludlow, Plymouth Pond .
Miles Pond, Miles Pond .
West Danville, Joe’s pond .
Virginia:
Wytheville, Reed Creek .
West Virginia:
Wisconsin:
Barronette, Deep Lake .
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
107
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
PIKE PERCH— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Wisconsin— Continued .
800, 000
500,000
800,000
416
400,000
400,000
400,000
600,000
400,000
500, 000
720,000
450,000
W agner Lake .
2,148
600,000
2,500,000
400, 000
166
800,000
321, 455, 000
154,480,000
5,260
YELLOW PERCH.
Colorado:
La Jara, Laguna Escondida .
Connecticut:
Hadlyme, State Fish Commission. .
Delaware:
Wilmington, Brandywine Creek. . . .
Illinois:
Carbondale, Horse Shoe Lake _
Chicago, Armour’s pond .
Otis’s pond .
Eckerts, Deich’spond .
Irving, Funk’s lake .
Millstadt, Grossman’s pond .
Shipman, Olmsted’s pond .
Indiana:
Angola, Walled Lake .
Centerville, Kitterman’s pond .
Edinburg, White River, East Fork.
Lake Cicott, Lake Cicott .
Lebanon, Saltmarsh Pond .
Silver Lake, Silver Lake .
Winchester, Summers’s pond.' .
Iowa:
Lime Springs, Upper Iowa River. . .
McGregor, Lake Como .
North McGregor, Mississippi River.
Kansas:
Pittsburg, Gibson Pond . : .
Kentucky:
Cropper, Duna vent’s pond . .
Pollard’s pond .
Louisville, Lake Lansdowne .
Park View Lake .
Woodbine, Lake Placid .
Maryland:
Accokeek Creek, Potomac River. . . .
Baltimore, Patapsco River Pond. . .
Bryans Point, Potomac River .
Bush River, Bush River .
Cecil, Chesapeake Bay .
Chase, Dundee River .
Freeland, South Lake .
Gunpowder, Gunpowder River .
Harford, Swan Creek . .
Harmony Grove, Richfield Pond...
Havre de Grace, Chesapeake Bay. . .
Pamunkey Creek, Potomac River. .
Piscataway Creek, Potomac River..
Principio, Chesapeake Bay .
5,200,000
800,000
200
900
900
100
500
300
400
200
90
200
300
75
200
100
20
900
42,750
66,117,500
10,945,000
2,400,000
23,600,000
600,000
2, 200, 000
9,500,000
200,000
12,600,000
10,985,000
64,887,500
15,000,000
100
100
100
300
100
300
150
300
a Lost in transit, 545,000 fry.
108
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details op Distribution op Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
YELLOW PERCH— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
arid adults.
Maryland — Continued.
5,915,000
41,000,000
400, 000
Massachusetts:
400,000
Michigan:
400
Minnesota: 7
4,000
200
Missouri :
100
New Hampshire:
400, 000
800, 000
New Jersey:
200
1,000.000
1 , 000, 000
200, 000
New Mexico:
219
New York:
2,000
000, 000
150
GOO, 000
400, 000
200, 000
>
200, 0C0
GOO, OCO
000, 000
GOO, 000
North Carolina:
GO
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
North Dakota-
1,000
200
175
Ohio:
70
Oklahoma:
70
75
50
100
150
250
Pennsylvania:
120
120
GOO, 000
425
200, 000
GOO. OCO
400, 000
125
GOO, 000
100
325
400, 000
150
150
1,000, 000
300
600, 000
100
South Carolina:*"7
120
Denmark. Savannah Lake .
180
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
109
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
YELLOW PERCH— Continued.
Disposition.
Eggs-
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
South Carolina — Continued.
00
120
00
00
South Dakota:
000
Vermont:
300, 000
GOO, 000
400, 000
500, 000
1,445
800,000
2, 000, 000
Virginia:
125
200
300, 000
20, 080, 000
4.550,000
10, 205. 000
400, 000
250
100
Washington:
500
West Virginia:
100
1,000, 000
Wisconsin:
300
4,000
600
Prairie duChien, Mississippi River .
37, 750
5, 200, 000
,326,885, 000
1
108, 439
a Lost in t ransit. 856 fingerlings.
STRIPED BASS.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Maryland:
115,000
2,669,000
North Carolina:
4,566,000
Total .
4,506,000
2,784,000
WHITE BASS.
Disposition.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Arkansas:
5,950
34
33
33
Wisconsin:
6,050
110
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
WHITE PERCH.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Connecticut:
Seymour, Hemp Swamp Pond .
400,000
2,400,000
800,000
2,000,000
4,000,000
122,450,000
18,250,000
66, 800, 000
32,555,000
5,150,000
17,100,000
37, 750, 000
20,825,000
400,000
400, 000
400,000
800,000
400,000
800,000
400,000
600,000
600,000
Delaware:
Nassau, Red Mill Pond .
Wilmington, Brandywine Creek .
Maryland:
Bush River Station, Bush River .
Chase, Dundee Creek .
Havre de Grace, Chesapeake Bay .
Elk River . . .
Susquehanna River .
Hendersons Point, Elk River .
Locust Point, Chesapeake Bay .
Swan Creek, Chesapeake Bay". .
Town Point, Elk River _ .
Wild Duck Harbor, Susquehanna River .
Massachusetts:
Gardner, Stoddard Meadow Pond .
Tilton Pond .
Whitman Pond .
Leominster, Spectacle Pond .
South Sudbury, Bright’s pond .
New Hampshire:
Baboosic, Baboosic Lake .
Raymond, Pawtuckaway Lake . .
Winchester, Forest Lake .
New Jersey:
Boonton, Dixson Pond .
New York:
Albany, Forest, Fish and Game Commission .
15,000,000
Lake Waccabuc, Waccabuc Lake .
800,000
600,000
600,000
Lewisboro, Trinity Lake .
Middletown, Hennessey Lake .
1,500,000
Pennsylvania:
Annville, Quittapahilla Creek . .
400,000
800,000
Vermont:
Montpelier, Groton Lake .
Total .
16,500,000
338,480,000
YELLOW BASS.
Disposition.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Arkansas:
250
SEA BASS.
Disposition.
Fry.
Massachusetts:
Falmouth, Buzzards Bay .
253,000
555,000
808,000
MACKEREL.
Massachusetts:
Falmouth, Buzzards Bay.
Great Harbor.
Gosnold, Vineyard Sound
388,000
338, 000
38, 000
Total
764,000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910.
Details op Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
Ill
FRESHWATER DRUM.
Disposition.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Arkansas:
Helena, Mississippi River .
8,950
1,500
1,500
Iowa:
North McGregor, Mississippi River .
Wisconsin:
Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River .
Total .
11,950
COD.
Disposition.
Eggs.
Fry.
Maine:
6,310,000
4,304,000
4,274,000
38,658,000
9,733,000
22,510,000
29,060,000
9,305,000
5,979,000
44,423,000
163,000
4,630,000
2,580,000
862,000
18,250,000
9,060,000
253,000
*
Massachusetts:
9,854,000
Woods Hole, Eel Pond .
9,854,000
210,354,000
HADDOCK.
Disposition.
Fry.
Maine:
Boothbay Harbor, Bootbbay Harbor.
712,000
POLLOCK.
Disposition.
Fry.
Disposition.
Fry.
Massachusetts:
Beverly, Massachusetts Bay .
Gloucester, Atlantic Ocean .
Ipswich Bay .
Massachusetts Bay .
1,330,000
12, 400, 000
1,180,000
2,920,000
Massachusetts — Continued .
Manchester, Massachusetts Bay .
Rockport, Atlantic Ocean .
Total .
14, 510,000
5,800,000
38, 140, 000
112
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1910,
Details of Distribution of Fish and Fish Eggs — Continued.
FLATFISH.
Disposition.
Maine:
Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Harbor
Linekin Bay .
Mill Cove .
Massachusetts:
Beverly, Massachusetts Bay .
Falmouth, Buzzards Bay .
Great Harbor .
Little Harbor .
Quissett Harbor . . . . .
Gloucester, Annisquam River.. .
Gloucester Harbor .
Ipswich Bay .
Gosnold, Buzzards Bay .
Hadley Harbor .
Lackey Bay .
Robinson Hole .
Tarpaulin Cove .
Vineyard Sound .
Maine:
Biddeford Pool, Biddeford Pool Har¬
bor .
Wood Isle Harbor . .
Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Har¬
bor .
Bristol, Johns Bay .
Brooklin, Naskeg Harbor .
Camden, Camden Harbor .
Cape Porpoise, Cape Porpoise Har¬
bor .
Damariscotta, Damariscotta River. .
Deer Isle, Eggemoggin Reach .
Southwest Harbor .
East Boothbay, Linekin Bay .
Eastport, Broad Cove .
Falmouth, Casco Bay .
Frenchboro, Frenchboro Harbor. . . .
Long Isle Harbor .
Friendship, Friendship Harbor .
Isleboro, Penobscot Bay .
Isleford, Isleford Harbor .
Isle of Shoals, Gulf of Maine .
Isle of Shoals Harbor. .
Piscataqua River .
Jonesport, Roque Isle Harbor _ _ _
Kennebunk, Kennebunk Port Har¬
bor .
Wells Bay .
Kittery Point, Pepperals Cove .
Little Deer Isle, Billings Cove .
Lowry, Delanos Cove .
Milbridge, Pigeon Hill Bay .
Mount Desert, Bass Harbor .
Southwest Harbor. . .
New Harbor, New Harbor .
North Haven, North Haven Harbor.
Pulpit Harbor .
Orrs Island, Lowells Cove .
Pemaguid, Pemaquid Harbor .
Port Clyde, Port Clyde Harbor .
Portland, Casco Bay .
Peaks Isle Roads .
Portland Harbor .
Prospect Harbor, Bunkers Harbor. .
Dyers Bay .
Rockland, Rockland Harbor .
Rockport, Rockport Harbor .
Small Point, Horse Isle Harbor .
Small Point Harbor. . .
Fry.'
Disposition.
380,176,000
4,591.000
17,398,000
Massachusetts — Continued .
Manchester, Massachusetts Bav .
Monument Beach, Monument Beach
18,210,000
Provincetown, Provincetown Har-
11,156,000
6, 138, 000
2,047.000
6, 579, 000
111,170,000
109, 540, 000
7,800,000
21,783,000
17,264,000
12,328,000
Woods Hole Harbor. . .
Rhode Island:
East Greenwich, East Greenwich
7,063,000
17.006,000
18,810, 000
LOBSTERS.
Maine — Continued.
South Addison, Pleasant Bay .
10,000,000
South Hancock, Skillings River .
2,000,000
Southport, Atlantic Ocean .
Cape Harbor .
6,000,000
Deckers Cove .
3,000, 000
250. 000
Ebencook Harbor .
St. George, Martins Harbor .
1,000,000
Stonington, St.onington Harbor .
Surry, Union Bay .
4, 500, 000
Swan Isle, Old Harbor .
500,000
Tennants Harbor, Owls Head Bay..
500, 000
Vinal Haven, Vinal Haven Harbor..
400,000
Wells Wells Bay .
1,000,000
WestLubec, Grand Manan Channel.
5, 250, 000
Winnegance, New Meadows River. . .
4, 000, 000
Winter Harbor, Winter Harbor .
500, 000
York, York Harbor .
1,500,000
Massachusetts:
3, 500, 000
Bakers Island, Massachusetts Bay. .
400.000
Beverly, Massachusetts Bay .
1,500,000
Boston, Boston Bay .
1,600,000
Cohassett, Massachusetts Bay .
1,000,000
Falmouth, Buzzards Bay .
400,000
Quissett Harbor .
650,000
Vineyard Sound .
Gloucester, Atlantic Ocean .
500,000
Gloucester Harbor .
500,000
Ipswich Bay .
1, 500, 000
Gosnold, Buzzards Bay . 1
200, 000
Cuttyhunk Harbor .
3,000,000
Hadley Harbor .
2,000,000
Lackeys Bay .
1,000,000
Vineyard Sound .
500,000
Lanesville, Ipswich Bay .
3,500,000
Manchester, Massachusetts Bay .
1,500,000
Marblehead, Boston Bay .
1,000,000
Rockport, Atlantic Ocean .
500,000
Rockport Harbor .
3, 500, 000
Swampscott Harbor, Massachusetts
1,000,000
5,000,000
Woods Hole, Coles Pond. .
3, 500, 000
Great Harbor .
2,500,000
New Hampshire:
3,000,000
Stratford, Little New Harbor .
12, 000, 000
Oregon:
3,000,000
1,000,000
Yaquina, Yaquina Bay .
500, 000
2,106,000
Total .
Fry.
01,020,000
5,751,000
4,678.000
7,797,000
5,080.000
23,655.000
4,142,000
11,661,000
6,090,000
12, 134, 000
13,254.000
6, 434, 000
930, 755, 000
250,000
2, 000, 000
4, 500. 000
1,500,000
1, 500. 000
500,000
1,000,000
500,000
250,000
500,000
1,000,000
3,000,000
500.000
350,000
1, 500, 000
500. 000
4,500,000
300, 000
1,400,000
3, 700, 000
834,000
493,000
874,000
341,000
2,800,000
600,000
500,000
2,721,000
1,087,000
827, 000
2,868,000
6, 165, 000
1,100,000
2,800,000
300, 000
600,000
600,000
200,000
192,000
1, 097, 000
4.000,000
ol,532
162,505,000
a Adults, of which 520 were lost in transit.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS OF THE
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS DURING
THE PHILIPPINE EXPEDITION, 1907-1910
Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 741
1
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS OF THE U. S. FISH¬
ERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS DURING THE PHILIP¬
PINE EXPEDITION, 1907-1910.
The Philippine cruise of the Albatross covered a greater period of
time than any single expedition previously undertaken by that vessel.
The ship left San Francisco October 16, 1907, and, sailing by way of
the Hawaiian Islands, Midway, and Guam, arrived at Manila Novem¬
ber 28. The stop at Midway, occasioned by a requisition of the
vessel to carry stores from Honolulu to the United States marines
stationed on Midway, was made the opportunity to take a small
collection of the reef fishes and shore fauna of that group of islands.
The number of fishes was very small, owing to the inability to carry
enough explosive to do effective work, only 10 pounds of dynamite
being allowed for use here and at Guam. Small collections were
similarly made at this latter place when the ship stopped there for
coal.
A two months’ delay in the arrival of the stores which had been
shipped from New York direct to Manila limited the vessel’s activity
for that period to the immediate vicinity of Manila. Thereafter the
work was done by a series of short cruises made to the different parts
of the Archipelago with Manila as a base for supplies and the deposit
of collections.
During the period between February 2 and June 9, 1908, cruises
were made to the southward, the first along the southwest side of
Mindanao, thence through the Sulu groups, extending as far as
Sandakan, Borneo; the second through the central group, including
Panay, Negros, Cebu, Leyte, Masbate, and Marinduque; the third
about the east and southeast coasts of Mindanao.
After the return to Manila from the last of these cruises it had
become apparent that the Albatross required extensive repairs, and
in August the ship left for Hongkong to have these made. Upon
conclusion of this work in October Pratas Reef was visited and a
number of soundings and trawl hauls were later made in the China
Sea between that reef and the Batan Islands. Some work was done
in the Batan and Babuyan islands and on the northern end of Luzon.
Contemplated stops along the northwesterly coast of Luzon were
prevented by bad weather which culminated in a typhoon.
3
4
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
During December, 1908, and Januar}^ 1909, a cruise through the
Calamianes and the western and southern regions of Palawan was
completed, touching on the return trip at Sandakan, Cagayan Sulu,
and Iloilo. Late in January and early in February a number of cod
trawl sets were made in the vicinity of Mariveles, but with indifferent
success. The succeeding month was spent along the southern coasts
of Luzon and adjacent islands, continuing thence southerly along the
small islands to Bohol, thence westerly by the C'agayanes to the east
coast of Palawan and northward into the Cuyos, returning to Manila
early in April.
After a short trip to Lingayen Gulf early in May, the ship cruised
along the small islands north of Samar and on the southeast coast of
Luzon as far as Maculabo Island above San Miguel Bay, returning to
Manila late in June. The latter part of July and all of August and
September were spent in cruising from the southern coast of Samar,
along southeastern Leyte, thence along the northern coast of Mindanao
as far as Dapitan, thence northerly to Cebu, where some time was
lost in repairing the boilers. The latter part of the period was con¬
sumed in further work in the vicinity of Zamboanga and along the
Sulu group as far as Borneo, touching at a few small islands adjacent
to the Borneo coast. Early in November the ship undertook a sup¬
plementary trip through the Dutch East Indies, touching at Menado,
Ternate, Amboina, and Macassar, as well as at many intermediate
points. On this trip a number of trawl hauls were made, including
some exploration of the waters of the gulfs of Tomini and Boni in
Celebes.
The homeward trip from Manila was begun January 21, 1910.
Bad weather and other difficulties prevented the execution of orders
to continue the work in the vicinity of Formosa and the Loo Choo
Islands; at only two stops in Formosa were any collections made.
After further repairs to the vessel in Japan, sail was set for the LTiited
States and San Francisco was reached May 4, 1910, after an absence
of over two and one-lialf years.
EXPLANATION OF TABLES.
The last previous dredging station of the Albatross was no. 5095,
the last hydrographic station was no. 4896, occupied during the
northwestern Pacific cruise of 1906. (See Bureau of Fisheries Docu¬
ment 621.) Five hundred and seventy-seven dredging and 41
hydrographic stations were occupied during the Philippine expe¬
dition, extending the series of dredging, stations to no. 5622 and the
hydrographic series to no. 4937. In the tables the series are distin¬
guished by the prefixed letters D and II, respectively.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
5
Only those stations where the ship’s gear was used (i. e., with the
ship as an instrument) to collect natural-history specimens have been
designated in the records as dredging stations. At times specimens
were taken with dip nets during the occupation of a hydrographic
station, but on account of the irregularity of such collecting the station
was not regarded as a collecting station. No numbers have been
given to the numerous shore stations, nor to minor collections made
with the ship at anchor. But numbers have been given in the
dredging series to hauls of the large intermediate net when used in a
tideway with the ship at anchor.
Since the shore work constitutes such an important part of the total,
the data regarding shore stations is shown in chronological order with
the dredging stations, the locality, apparatus, etc., appearing in the
appropriate columns. To economize time most of the reef collections
of fishes were made with dynamite. The method was to locate the
desirable fishes in the coral growth by means of a view glass (a glass-
bottomed box) used from a boat. A small charge of dynamite with
electrical connections was carefully lowered and discharged. Such
fishes as floated were at once collected with a dip net, and the place
marked by a buoy. As soon as the bottom had cleared it was searched
and the dead fish gathered by diving or more usually by means of
long-handled spears.
The various kinds of apparatus used at each station are recorded
in the tables in chronological order, each on a separate line, opposite
the station number, or, in case of unnumbered stations, opposite the
locality, in the column “Apparatus.”
The “Position” of a station is that point occupied by the vessel,
as determined by the navigator at the time of beginning the first
operation at that station. The position of the subsequent opera¬
tions under the same station number corresponds in a general way
to the line as indicated under “Drift.” The distance covered by
all the operations of a station is usually, however, not greater than
the negligible error of observation, except in stations near shore
determined by bearings.
In relation to the hydrographic information obtained, the degree
of accuracy with which positions are located is of greater importance,
and a description of the methods is necessary to the proper use
of this information. A great part of the region traversed is still
unsurveyed; and even where surveyed, parts are incorrectly or
incompletely charted. Owing to press of work and lack of time,
no opportunity was afforded to correct such errors, and the best
available charts were therefore used as the basis of all determina¬
tions of position when in sight of land; in the column “Chart” is
noted the number and edition of the chart used at each station.
59395°— 11 - 11
6
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
When in sight of land position was fixed by compass bearings, and
from the position so obtained on the chart in use the latitude and
longitude were pricked off and set down in the record as the position
of the station. If these charts should hereafter be corrected in
latitude and longitude, the positions assigned to the stations must be
changed accordingly.
In conformity with previous practice, an additional position, by
true bearing and distance, of some prominent shore feature is given
for each station when practicable. As viewed from the ship, Hie
nearest and most prominent objects on shore from which the ship’s
position was determined were often topographical features, incon¬
spicuous and unnamed on the chart, and impossible of identification
by a brief written description. Therefore the bearings given in the
tables were laid off from the plotted position on the chart to some
object prominent on the chart, whether the object could actually be
seen from the ship or not; though whenever convenient one of the
two points taken for bearings by the navigator in determining the
position is used in the table as the point of reference. The letters
(S.), (N.), (W.), or (E.) indicate, respectively, the south, north, west,
or east tangent of the point of reference after which they are placed ;
e. g., Verde Id. (E.)=eastern tangent of Verde Island.
All bearings are true unless otherwise indicated.
The spelling of all geographic names in these tables is that found
on the charts designated in the column “Chart.” There is consider¬
able variation in this respect in the different issues of charts.
“Time of day” in the case of soundings indicates the time the
plummet struck bottom; in the case of dredgings, the time at which
the apparatus began to tow on the bottom; in the case of interme¬
diate nets, the time at which the nets started to tow at the depth
indicated; in the case of surface hauls, the time at which they were
lowered into the water and began to be towed or the current to pass
through them.
“Depth” (in fathoms) is the depth obtained by the sounding
when a sounding was made. In cases where no sounding was made
the depth is estimated from the chart, unless the station immediately
follows another, in which case the depth obtained at the preceding
station is given. In seine hauls the depths given are approximate,
and represent the greatest depth of water through which the seine was
hauled.
“Temperatures.” The air temperatures are taken from the ship’s
log for the hour nearest the hour entered in the time column; the
same is true of the surface temperatures where the towing commenced
near the hour mark, but in other cases the surface temperature was
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS. 7
taken at the time given. The bottom temperature was taken at the
time of sounding. All readings by Fahrenheit thermometer.
“Density.” The water density is in all cases reduced to 15° C.
The density of bottom water was ascertained from a sample taken by
the Sigsbee water bottle. Inability to secure an accurate working of
this instrument led to the discontinuance of the trials.
In the double column “Trial” is indicated the depth at which
apparatus was worked, as well as the duration of operation. In the
case of bottom apparatus this latter is the time during which it is
supposed to be dragging on the bottom, up to the beginning of
reeling in; for intermediate nets the time occupied in towing at the
depth shown in the depth column is indicated by the first quantity,
the time occupied in hoisting by the second; for surface nets the
time indicated is the time actually towed at the surface.
In the double column of “Drift” is shown approximately the gen¬
eral direction in which the gear was hauled as well as the distance.
The state of the currents and of the wind, with the exigencies incident
to the steering of the ship, make this more or less inaccurate.
The apparatus used consisted of the usual beam trawls for all work
on the bottom. All intermediate and surface work was done with a
large tow net and small plankton or Kofoid nets, except an unsuc¬
cessful trial of a triangular shear-board net.
Abbreviations and Symbols.
12' Ag . 12-foot Agassiz beam trawl. The Agassiz type of beam trawl was
used more and with better results than any other used during the
cruise. The runners now in use stand 4 feet in height and the
usual type of net carries a taut headline, making the full opening
available. For deep-sea work where the possibility of upsetting
the frame is great, a reversible net is used, with a running bolt-
rope passing through the clips forward of the middle of the shoes.
The use of this net is indicated by the abbreviation' ‘rev.”
25r Ag . The same runners used in the 12-foot frame but spread by use of
two light spars for beams to a 25-foot opening. Used successfully
on smooth bottoms.
9' Alb.-Blk . 9-foot Albatross-Blake beam trawl.
B. A . British Admiralty.
3-bd . int . a net with triangular opening operated by 3 shear boards and handled
by a 3-part bridle from dredging cable — in no case successfully.
2/ Blk . a 2-foot Blake trawl, generally used from a steam launch or rowboat;
net made of yinch webbing.
botm . bottom.
C. S . Coast Survey.
D . dredging, or collecting, station.
dip . ordinary dip net on a 12-inch or 14-inch ring, with bamboo handle;
used extensively in reef fishing with dynamite and from the gang
plank with electric light.
dyn . dynamite.
8
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
e. 1 . electric light.
H . hydrographic station .
H. O . U. S. Hydrographic Office.
hbr . harbor.
int. 3 . intermediate 3. This is a large ship’s net on a 5^-foot ring; net about
11 feet long made of no. 0000 grit gauze, with about 3 feet of the
bottom of no. 3 silk, and a brass bucket at the bottom. The out¬
side netting is |-inch webbing for the protection of the silk.
int. 4 . intermediate 4 ; same as intermediate 3, bu t with an extension of 6 feet
of 1-inch webbing carried to a 10-foot ring, thus increasing the
opening to 10 feet.
int. 5 . intermediate 5; similar to intermediate 4, but with no. 14 grit gauze
only in the bottom part from the 3-foot ring to the bucket; above
this ^-inch webbing to the 5^-foot ring, and thence 6 feet of f-inch
webbing to the 10-foot ring. Equipped with a funnel of f-inch
webbing.
9' Jn. dr . Johnston oyster dredge. This is an Albatross-Blake beam trawl
with a rake bar bolted at the heel. Used also in 6-foot length.
K. 1 . a small plankton or Kofoid net, made of no. 1? silk, on ° 14-inch ring.
K. 2. . _ . same as above, but made of no. 20 silk.
K. 4 . same as above, but made of no. 3 silk.
K. 5 . same as K. 2, but made of no. 1 silk.
K.6 . a net of same length as other Kofoid nets, but provided with clamps
on opposite sides of the ring to attach directly to the cable; also
with a bail from the ring to the bucket. Designed to lower and
hoist with the ship lying to and the cable running vertically, thus
making no catch except while ship is underway and towing.
Lt . light.
Luc. sdr . Lucas sounding machine.
m. b . mud bag. When more than one mud bag is used the two supple¬
mentary bags are rigged one at either end of the trawl frame.
6' McC . 6-foot McCormick; an adaptation of the Blake trawl frame, with rear
beam bolted to bottom shoe and serving as a spindle on which bent
teeth of £ by 2 inch iron work as a rake. Not successful.
2' o. p . open plankton net on 2-foot ring; made of no. 1 silk.
spec . specimen.
12' Tnr . 12-foot Tanner beam trawl.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.. .Tanner-Blish sounding machine.
therm . Negretti A Zambra thermometer, with Tanner case.
wat. bot . Sigsbee water bottle.
* signifies depth as shown by chart when no sounding has been made.
** signifies depth and character of bottom as obtained by sounding at previous station,
t signifies nets towed astern, from taffrail, side by side.
§ signifies apparatus towed (horizontally) at depth indicated, during number of
minutes given in the first period; then hoisted (vertically) to surface, net open,
in time next shown.
The letters (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), when used with the abbreviation
for sounding apparatus, indicate the kind of sounding cup used; thus,
(a) . . .Sigsbee sounding rod. (d). ..bail-cutter.
(b) . . .Lucas snapper. (e). . .ordinary lead with tallow.
(c) . . .Lucas 4-tube sounding rod.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
9
“Character of bottom,” determined by the specimens from the
sounding cup, is expressed by abbreviations, the key to which is ap¬
pended. It will be noted that these abbreviations are arbitrarily
capitalized for nouns. When used as adjectives, however, the noun
abbreviations are not capitalized.
bk. ..
.black.
fne _ fine.
M .
. .scattered.
bl....
.blue.
For . . . Foraminifera.
mrgn .
..marginal. Sh. ...
..Shells.
br. . . .
.brown.
G . Gravel.
Mss . . .
..Masses. sml...
..small.
br-gn.
. brownish-green .
Glob. -Globigerina.
Oz. . .
.Ooze. Sp _
brk...
.broken.
gn. . . .green.
P .
.Pebbles. St _
. .Stones.
C .
.Clay.
gn-br. .greenish-brown.
Ptr _
.Pteropod. vol...
. - volcanic.
Clmps. Clumps.
gn-gy. .greenish-gray.
R .
..Rock. W....
. .Seaweed.
Co....
. Coral .
gy - gray.
Rf....
..Reef. wh...
. .white.
crs. . . .
..coarse.
hrd. . .hard.
rky...
. .rocky.
dk....
.dark.
Lav _ Lava.
S .
..Sand.
10
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the TJ. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
D. 5096
D. 5097
D. 5098
D. 5099
D. 5100
D. 5101
D. 5102
D. 5103
Between Honolulu and
Manila.
Midway Ids. Harbor.
.do.
Guam; Apra Bay (rf).
_ do .
_ do .
.do.
1907.
Nov. 7
Nov. 8
Nov. 19
Nov. 20
Nov. 21
..do .
Manila Bay and vicinity. <*
Manila Bay (Luneta Beach).
Manila Bay, inside break¬
water (anch.).
_ do .
_ do .
Manila Bay (Malate Beach)..
Manila Bay, inside break¬
water (anch.).
Manila Bay, inside break¬
water.
_ do .
Manila Bay, outside break¬
water.
Manila Bay (Luneta Beach)
Manila Bay (near anch.) _
C. S. 4240
Feb., 1907
_ do —
_ do....
_ do....
C. S. 4712
Sept., 1904
_ do..
_ do..
_ do _
_ do _
.do _
.do _
Dec. 6
...do .
Dec. 7
Dec. 8
Dec. 9
...do _
Dec. 11
Dec. 12
...do _
Dec. 30
...do _
China Sea off southern Luzon.
Corregidor Lt.. N. 2.70 miles
(14° 20' 23" N., 120° 34' 15"
E.).
Corregidor Lt., N. 6° E., 3.60
miles (14° 19' 15" N., 120°
33' 52" E.).
Corregidor Lt., N. 21° E.,
4.30 miles (14° 18' 40" N.,
120° 32' 40" E.).
Corregidor Lt., N. 36° E.,
4.80 miles (14° 18' 55" N.,
120° 31' 20" E.).
Corregidor Lt., N. 16° E.,
5.70 miles (14° 17' 15" N.,
120° 32' 40" E.).
Corregidor Lt., S. 82° E.,
10.50 miles (14° 24' 30" N.,
120° 23' 20" E.).
Sueste Pt. Lt., S. 85° W.,
1.20 miles (14° 45' N., 120°
12' 30" E.).
Subig Bay (Subig anch.) _
Subig Bay, Subig (beach) . .
Calaclan Pt., S. 86° E., 2.50
miles (14° 49' 30" N., 120°
13' 30" E.).
C. S. 4240;
Feb., 1907.
_ do.
. do .
1908.
Jan. 2
..do .
. . .do .
..do . do .
...do . 1
. do .
C. S. 4254;
Sept., 1902.
. do .
. do .
. do .
..do .
Jan.
...do .
. . .do _
Jan. 7
. . .do .
10.00 a. m.
9.00 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
1.00 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
3.00 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
7.00 p. m.
8.00 p. m.
10.00 a. m.
1.30 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
4.00 p. m.
10.42 a. m.
11.01 a. m.
12.44 p. m.
1.21 p. m.
2.15 p. m.
2.22 p. m.
1.16 p. m.
4.20 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
1.46 p. m.
fms.
3.5
3.5
*38
35
35
*43
co. Clmps.; S .
Co .
mrgn. co. Rf .
co. Mss .
mrgn. Rf;sml. stag¬
horn Clmps; S.
co. Mss.; S .
M., S .
M .
M .
M .
fne. S .
M .
M .
M .
M., sml. R .
M., S . .
M .
gy. M., S., Sh.
gy. M., S., Sh.
gy. M., S., Sh.
gy. M., S., Sh.
gy. M., S., Sh.
gy- S .
gy- s .
s .
gy- m.
a From December 16 to 21 a shore party made collections at the mouth of the Santa Cruz River and the
adjacent shore of Laguna de Bay and visited the markets at Santa Cruz and Majayjay. A party visited
Taal Lake December 24 to 29 and made collections by seining (45' seine) on the south side of Taal Id.,
and by purchase from natives on the Pansipit River, and at Taal December 31 and January 1 a shore party
made collections on Mariquina River.
DEEDGING AND HYDROGEAPHIC RECORDS.
11
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
-Distance.
°F.
°F.
° F.
ft. m.
mi.
8-12 ft..
1 00
20-30 ft.
2 00
6-20 ft..
4 00
6-20 ft..
3 00
3-10 ft..
3 00
6-20 ft..
2 00
4ft ....
2 30
2 00
2 00
2 00
6ft ....
2 30
2 00
20
2' Blk. . .
2' Blk .
4ft ....
2 30
79.5
79
\
(b).
79.7
79
21
S W. a .
80
79
' botm...
19
NW.byW.a
82
79
botm...
20
W.byN.o..
81
80
9' Tnr.; m. b..
botm...
20
W. by N.a.
86
80
(b).
botm...
20
NE.« .
82
78
1.02391
int. 4 § .
37 fms..
20
NW. i W.
4
86.5
81
1.02447
20
N. 11° E..
3
2 00
20 ft ...
2 30
84
79
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
S. 45° E...
0.6
Remarks.
Work interrupted
by storm.
Mostly on shore
flat.
5 hauls.
Do.
Towed from
steam launch.
Do/
Several hauls from
mouth of Pasig
River to outer
entrance through
breakwater.
5 hauls.
Finally hauled on
Jan. 4, 1908.
Veered 5 fms. dur¬
ing haul, not on
bottom; water-
haul.
Veered at 5 minute
intervals from 75
to 94 and to 104
fms. Trawl cap¬
sized on bottom,
but made a
small catch.
Net capsized on
bottom, but
made a small
catch.
70 fms. dredge
cable out.
Cable veered from
45 to 57 fms. dur¬
ing haul.
5 hauls.
a Course steered by ship.
12
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
D. 5104
D. 5105
D. 5100
D. 5107
D. 5108
D. 5109
D. 5110
D. 5111
D. 5112
D. 5113
China Sea off southern Lu¬
zon— Continued.
Olongapo (beach) .
Beach opposite Olongapo.
Olongapo (anch.) .
Sueste Pt. Bt., S. 58° W
1.30 miles (14° 45' 48" N
120° 12' 20" E.).
Sueste Pt. Lt., N. 57° W
1.90 miles (14° 43' 55" N
12C° 12' 50" E.).
Grande I. (rf.) .
Port Binanga (beach)
Port Binanga (anch.).
Port Binanga (rf.) _
Corregidor Lt., S. 57° E.,2.25
miles (14° 23' 55" N., 120°
32' 33" E.).
Corregidor Lt., S. 17° E., 1.75
miles (14° 24' 30" N., 120°
33' 40" E.).
Manila Bay (Luneta Beach).
Limbones Cove (E. shore,
beach).
Limbones Cove (SW. shore,
rf.).
Limbones Cove (anch.)
Corregidor Lt., N. 39°
22.50 miles (14° 05' 5" N.,
120° 19' 45" E.).
E.,
Corregidor Lt., N. 42° E.,
25.80 miles (14° 03' 45" N.,
120° 10' 30" E.).
Corregidor Lt., N. 20° E., 25
miles (13° 59' 20" N., 120°
75' 45" E.).
C. S. 4254;
Sept., 1902.
_ do .
_ do .
_ do .
. .do. . . ,
_ do .
_ do .
_ do .
_ do .
C. S. 4240:
Feb., 1907.
_ do _
.do.
.do.
.do .
.do _
.do _
1908.
Jan. 7
. . .do .
...do .
Jan. 8
..do .
..do .
..do .
. .do .
Jan. 9
..do .
..do .
Jan. 13
Jan. 14
..do .
. .do .
Jan. 15
...do.
.. .do .
Nasugbu Bay (anch.) .
Nasugbu Bay (beach near
town).
Nasugbu Bay (Pillar Rock,
rf.).
Sombrero Id., S. 41° E., 4.50
miles (13° 45' 15" N., 120°
46' 30" E.).
Balayan Bay (Taal anch.). . .
Sombrero la., S. 18° E., 6.75
miles (13° 48' 22" N., 120°
47' 25" E.).
Sombrero Id., S. 7° W., 9.50
miles (13° 51' 30" N., 120°
50' 30" E.).
Balayan Bay and Verde Id.
Passage.a
Balayan Bay (Ligpo Pt. rf.).
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do...
C. S. 4240,
.do _
.do _
. .do .
Jan. 16
..do .
. .do .
..do .
Jan. 17
...do .
2.00 p. m.
3.30 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
10.20 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
2.00 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
8.30 a. m.
1.58 p. m.
2.38 p. m.
4.30 p. m.
4.30 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
8.01 a. m.
8.34 a. m.
8.47 a. m.
9.00 a. m.
9.20 a. m.
10.26 a. m.
10.43 a. m.
3.18 p. m.
3.32 p. m.
00 p. m.
00 a. m.
00 a. m.
38 p. m.
08 p. m.
00 p. m.
06 p. m.
33 p. m.
43 p. m.
4.02 p. m.
Jan. 18 10.00 a. m.
fms.
13
*33
6
'*37'
*28
13
16
16
16
10
12
135
135
236
10
177
177
159
159
grassy.
(?).:::
(?) .
sctrd. Clmps. Co.
sctrd. Clmps. Co.
gy- M .
gy. M.
fne. S .
S., P., Co.
solid Co.
Co .
dk. gy. M.
dk. gy. M.
sctrd. Clmps. Co. .
gn. M.
dk. gn. M.
dk. gn. M.
dk. gn. M .
dk. gn. M .
. dense Co., S.
a Collecting trip to Taal Lake on Jan. 18. Dredging with hand dredge.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
13
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907 1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
0 F .
h.
m.
mi.
20ft ...
1
15
8 ft ....
1
15
2
00
81
78
12' Tnr.; m. b.
20
S. 22° W . .
0.8
81
78
12' Tnr.; m.b.
20
N. 60° W.
(?)
6-20 ft..
4
30
150' seine .
2
00
dip.; e. 1 .
2
00
6-15 ft .
2
00
86.5
78
1.02393
12' Tnr.; m.b.
botm...
20
N. 48° E..
1.2
84.5
78
1.02379
12' Tnr.; m. b .
botm...
20
1.7
4 ft ....
12ft ...
1
30
6-12 ft. .
1
30
dip.; e. 1 .
surf. ...
2
00
80
80
80
1.02406
(b).
80
80
9' A lb.-Blk.;
botm...
1
N. 36° E...
m. b.
81
80
(b).
81
8ft
10
S .
.3
81
80
23
82
80
1.02386
9' Alb.-Blk _
12
(?)
82
80
8 swabs .
botm...
11
(?)
ftQ
80
59
1.02406
(b).
85
80
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 20° E. . .
.6
dip.; e. 1 .
surf ....
2
00
2
30
6-15 ft..
3
00
84
80
(b).
84
80
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
30
N. 22° E...
1.8
surf. ...
1
30
86
80
52.4
1.02416
1.02496
(b).
84
80
12' Tnr.; m.b.
botm...
30
N. 13° E...
1.3
82
80
1.02413
(e).
80
80
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
10
N. 9° E....
.6
dyn .
6-20 ft..
5
00
Remarks.
1 haul.
Do
4 hauls.
Tall lashing
slipped; no catch
except In mud
bag.
Dredging cable
fouled gin block.
Trawl not
dragged on bot¬
tom.
No catch.
Trawl immediate¬
ly torn on coral.
Soundings with
hand lead.
20 fms. cable
veered during
haul.
Sounding cup lost;
therm, did not
trip.
Uneven bottom.
14
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER AEBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
Balayan Bay and Verde Id.
Passage— Continued .
1908.
fms.
C. S. 4240;
Jan. 19
3.00 p. m.
blk. S., M .
Taai).
Feb., 1907.
7.00 p. m.
10
9.00 a. m.
dense Co., S .
poc Pt.).
D. 5114
Sombrero Id. N. 36° E., 7.2
. do .
. . .do. . . .
10.49 a. m.
340
fne. S .
miles (13° 36' 11" N., 120°
11.17 a. m.
340
fne. S .
45' 26" E.).
D. 5115
Sombrero Id. N. 49° E., 7.30
. do .
. . .do -
1.08 p. m.
340
(?) .
miles (13° 37' 11" N., 120°
43' 40" E.).
1.41 p. m.
340
(?) .
D. 5116
Sombrero Id. N. 69° E., 2.50
. do .
.. .do -
2.53 p. m.
200
(?) .
miles (13° 41' N., 120° 47'
3.13 p. m.
200
(?) .
05" E.).
D. 5117
Sombrero Id. S. 17° E., 10.80
. do .
Jan. 21
9.10 a. m.
118
(?) .
miles (13° 52' 22" N., 120°
46' 22" E.).
9.27 a. m.
118
dk. gn. M .
D. 5118
Sombrero Id. S. 47° E., 10
. do .
. . .do _
10.41 a. m.
159
dk. gn. M . .
miles (13° 48' 45" N., 120°
41' 51" E.).
11.00 a. m.
159
dk. gn.M .
D. 5119
Sombrero Id. S. 80° E., 18.90
. do .
. . .do -
1.24 p. m.
394
gn. M., S .
miles (13° 45' 05" N., 120°
1.56 p. m.
394
gn. H., S .
30' 30" E.).
D. 5120
Sombrero Id., S. 79° 30' E.,
... . .do .
.. .do -
2.41 p. m.
393
gn. M., S .
19.2 miles (13° 45' 30" N.,
3.10 p. m.
393
120° 30' 15" E.).
7.30 p. m.
10
11.00 a. m.
**
water).
10.00 a. m.
water, anch.).
East coast of Mindoro.
D. 5121
Malabrigo Lt., N. 14° W., 9
C. S. 4714;
Feb. 2
8.14 a. m.
108
dk. gn. M .
miles (13° 27' 20" N., 121°
June, 1906.
17' 45" E.).
8.30 a. m.
108
dk. gn. M .
D. 5122
Malabrigo Lt., N. 46° W.,
. do .
.. .do -
10.34 a. m.
220
gn. M .
20.60 miles (13° 21' 30" N.,
°120 30' 33" E.).
10.59 a. m.
220
gn. M .
D. 5123
Malabrigo Lt., N. 44° W.,
. do .
.. .do _
1.09 p. m.
283
gn. M .
32.50 miles (13° 12' 45" N.,
121° 38' 45" E.).
1.44 p. m.
283
gn. M .
D. 5124
Pt. Origon (N.), S. 56° E.,
. do .
.. .do -
5.04 p. m.
281
sft. gn. M .
20.75 miles (12° 52' N., 121°
48' 30" E.).
5.38 p. m.
281
sft. gn. M .
Sulu Sea, vicinity southern
Panay.
D. 5125
Nogas Id. (W.), S. 11° E.,
C. S. 4718,
Feb. 3
9.07 a. m.
411
gn. M .
24 miles (10° 48' N., 1216
Dec., 1906.
9.41 a. m.
411
48' 30" E.).
D. 5126
Nogas Id. (W.),S. 26° 30' E.,
. do .
. . .do. . . .
1.05 p. m.
742
sft. gn. M .
11.75 miles (10° 34' 45" N.,
2.00 p. m.
742
sft. gn. M .
121° 47' 30" E.).
10
pools). '
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
15
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
ft.
2
m.
00
mi.
Purse seine owned
and hauled by
native fisher¬
men.
1
30
6-20 ft..
5
00
81.5
79
1.02447
84
80
botm...
20
N. 54° E. .
0.5
Cable veered from
460 to 520 fms.
during haul.
Sounding cup did
notclose. Therm,
not properly at-
tached and
fouled water
bottle.
Therm, not prop¬
erly attached;
fouled stray line.
No specimen in
sounding cup.
82
80
(?)
1. 02434
1.02454
83
80
12' Tnr.; m. b .
botm...
20
N. 43° E...
1.0
86
80
50.2
1. 02426
86
80
12'Tnr.; m.b..
botm...
20
N.5° E....
0.5
82
79
1.02475
82
79
(b).
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 31° W..
0.8
81
79
1.02426
81
79
(b).
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
30
N. 50° W..
0.8
82
80
43.7
1. 02386
1. 02468
82
80
12' Tnr. ; in. b .
botm...
9
N. 23° E...
1.0
82
80
43.7
1 02386
1. 02480
82
80
350 fms.
20
N. 5° W...
1.0
393 fms. dredge
cable out.
1
17
30
.
15
Towed from steam
dyn.cap.; dip.
launch.
76
79
1. 02420
76
79
(b).
12' Tnr.; m.b.
botm. . .
20
S. 79° E . . .
1.0
78
79
1. 02489
Snapper failed to
close.
;79
79
(b).
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
S. 59° E. ..
1.3
^0
j79
79
79
1.02475
Do.
(b).
12' Tnr.; in. b.
botm...
20
S. 6° W . . .
1.3
(82
80.5
79
79
1.02468
Do.
(b).
12' Tnr.; m.b.
botm...
17
S. 9° W. . .
1.5
J81
83.5
80
80
50
1. 02444
1. 02475
int. 4 § .
365 fms.
20
N. 62° W..
1.5
550 fms. dredge
83
84
80
80
49.5
(?)
(?)
26
cable out.
No specimen in
water bottle.
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
N.81° W..
1.5
surf .
1
30
Set over night.
and surf.
10 ft . . .
3
00
6 hauls.
copper sul-
phate.
2
00
16
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
Sulu Sea , vicinity southern
Panay — Continued.
fms.
1908.
D. 5127
Nogas Id. (W.), N. 11° 30' E.,
22 mile (10° 02' 45" N.,
121° 48' 15" E.).
C. S. 4718;
Dec., 1906.
Feb. 4.
2.57 p. m.
4.06 p. m.
■ 958
958
gy. M., Glob .
D. 5128
. . .do. . . .
Nogas Id. (W.), N. 6° E.,
32.50 miles (9° 52' 10" N.,
. do .
7.05 p. m.
121° 49' 35" E.).
Sulu Sea off western Min-
danao.
H. 4897
Dulunguin Pt., S. 70° E.,
4.80 mile (7° 46' N., 122°
C. S. 4723,
Oct., 1905.
Feb. 5
11.43 a. m.
1,570
gy. M., Glob .
E.).
H. 4898
Dulunguin Pt., N. 50° E., 1
mile (7° 43' 45" N., 122°
. do .
. . .do. . .
1.13 p. m.
221
D. 5129
03' 45" E.).
Dulunguin Pt., N. 44° E.,
3.80 miles (7° 41' 30" N.,
. do .
. . .do. . . .
2.04 p. m.
0-100
*
122° 01' 45" E.).
Dulunguin Pt., N. 1° W.,
9.50 miles (7° 35' N., \226
04' 45" E.).
2.23 p. m.
3.29 p. m.
3.48 p. m.
D. 5130
. do .
. . .do _
102
102
C. S. 4644;
July, 1905.
.. .do _
sft. M., S .
Panabutan Bay (NW.
beach, near river).
5.00 p. m.
7.30 p. m.
8.48 a. m.
11
H. 4899
Id. oil Panabutan Pt., S. 78°
. do .
Feb. 6
18
sft. gn. M .
W., 3 miles.
H. 4900
Id. off Panabutan Pt., W.,
. do .
. . .do .
8.58 a. m.
19
sft. gn. M .
0.30 mile.
H. 4901
Id. off Panabutan Pt., N. 52°
. do .
. . .do .
9.04 a. m.
21
gn. M., S .
W., 0.30 mile.
Panabutan Bay (beach) .
Panabutan Bay (Siriguay
Pt., rf.).
S., M .
. do .
. . .do .
9.00 a. m.
sctrd. Co .
H. 4902
. do .
. . .do .
9.10 a. m.
23
gn. M., fne S .
W., 0.50 mile.
H. 4903
27
co. S .
W., 0.50 mile.
D. 5131
Id. off Panabutan Pt., N. 20°
. do .
. . .do .
9.14 a. m.
27
gn. M., co. S .
E., 0.40 mile.
9.27 a. m.
27
gn. M., co. S .
D. 5132
Id. off Panabutan Pt., N. 15°
. do .
. . .do .
9.54 a. m.
*26
gn. M., S .
W., 0.30 mile.
H. 4904
Id. off Panabutan Pt., N. 62°
. do .
. . .do .
10.23 a. m.
38
gn. M., S .
E., 0.30 mile.
D. 5133
Id. off Panabutan Pt., N. 52°
. do .
. . .do .
10.28 a. m.
38
gn. M., S .
E., 1.50 miles.
10.40 a. m.
38
gn. M., S .
7.30 p. m.
Sulu Archipelago, near Ba-
silan Id.
D. 5134
Balukbaluk Id. (N.) S. 59°
W„ 6.25 miles (6° 44' 45"
C. S. 4511;
Dec., 1904.
Feb. 7
7.14 a. m.
25
N., 121° 48' E.).
Balukbaluk Id. (N.), S. 59°
W., 4.90 miles (6° 44' 12"
N., 121° 46' 55" E.).
25
D. 5134a
. do .
...do .
7.54 a. m.
34
8.05 a. m.
34
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
17
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
| Air.
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
84.5
°F.
80
°F.
50.1
1.02477
1.02516
Luc. sdr. (a). . .
h. m.
77?/.
83
81
9' alb.-Blk.; 2
20
N. 9° W.
(?)
0.6
4.25 mi. distance
given by re¬
corder.
82
80
m. b.
int. 4 .
surf. ...
20
S. 6° E....
82
80
Luc. sdr. (a). , .
82
80
81
80
57.6
1. 02482
(b).
Tnr.-Blishsdr.
suited in loss of
all the apparatus
used.
Density at 100 fms.
1.02495.
193 fms. dredge
cable out.
80
80
int. 4 § .
100 fms.
20
S. 31° W . .
1.3
81.5
79.5
59.2
1. 02447
1.02451
Luc. sdr. (a). . .
8
80.5
80
9' alb.-Blk....
130' seine .
12 ft . . .
30
tom and carried
away.
1 haul.
dip.; e. 1 .
surf....
2 00
Tnr.-Blishsdr.
(e).
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
175' seine .
2 00
dyn .
8-15 ft..
2 00
Water brackish.
Tnr.-Blishsdr.
Coral unthrifty.
(e).
Tnr.-Blishsdr.
88
79
1. 02447
(e).
Tnr.-Blishsdr.
88
79
(e).
9' Tnr.; m. b. .
13
N. 43° E..
.3
85
79
1. 02447
9' Tnr.; m. b..
botm...
20
S. 69° W..
.7
Tnr.-Blishsdr.
85.5
79.5
1.02447
(e).
85
80
(e).
9' Tnr.; m. b..
botm...
16
S. 21° E...
.4
surf. . . .
20
Set in tide current
at gangway.
82
78
78
?
1. 02497
Therm, not allow-
81
(e).
9' Tnr.; m. b. .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
botm...
20
S. 42° W..
.9
ed time to set.
Ship drifted to po¬
sition of 5134a
whilegetting ap¬
paratus ready.
15 sec. allowed for
83
78
76.2
83
78
(e).
int. 4 § .
25 fms..
20
N. 26° E..
.9
therm, to set.
50 fms. dredge
2
cable out.
18
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Vicinity of Jolo.
1908.
fms.
D. 5135
Jolo Lt., S. 46° W., 11.90
C. S. 4542;
Feb. 7
2.29 p. m.
161
miles (6° 11' 50" N., 121°
Apr., 1903.
08' 20" E.).
2.50 p. m.
161
14
. do . .
14
Marongas Id., S. side .
Pangasinan Id., S. Pt. (rf) . . .
Feb. 13
14
D. 5136
Jolo Lt., S' 37° E., 0.70 mile
. do .
Feb. 14
8.50 a. m.
22
(6° 04' 20" N., 120° 59' 20"
E.).
9.07 a. m.
22
D. 5137
Jolo Lt., S. 61° E., 1.30 miles
. do .
. . .do .
9.44 a. m.
20
(6° 04' 25" N., 120° 58' 30"
E.).
9.55 a. m.
20
D. 5138
Jolo Lt., S. 19° E., 2.50 miles
. do .
.. .do .
10.50 a. m.
19
(6° 06' N., 120° 58' 50" E.).
10.55 a. m.
19
D. 5139
Jolo Lt., S. 51° W., 3.60 miles
. do .
...do .
1.02 p. m.
20
(6° 06' N., 121° 02' 30" E.).
1.13 p. m.
20
D. 5140
Jolo Lt., S. 33° W., 6.10 miles
. do .
. . .do .
1.58 p. m.
76
(6° 08' 45" N., 121° 03' E.).
2.09 p. m.
76
Bubuan Id., S. Pt. (rf.) .
Bubuan Id. (anch.) .
. do .
. . .do .
7.30 p. m.
12
D. 5141
Jolo Lt., S. 17° E., 5.50 miles
. do .
Feb. 15
8.39 a. m.
29
(6° 09' N., 120° 58' E.).
8.47 a. m.
29
D. 5142
Jolo Lt., S. 50° W., 3.90 miles
. do .
. . .do .
10.26 a. m.
21
(6° 06' 10" N., 121° 02' 40"
E.).
10.33 a. m.
21
D. 5143
Jolo Lt.,S.50° W., 3.40 miles
. do .
. . .do .
11.05 a. m.
19
(6° 05' 50" N., 121° 02' 15"
E.).
11.09 a. m.
19
D. 5144
Jolo Lt., S. 50° W., 3.40 miles
. do .
. . .do .
11.19 a. m.
19
(6° 05' 50" N., 121° 02' 15"
E.).
11.26 a. m.
19
D. 5145
JoloLt., S. 16° E., 0.85 mile
. do .
...do .
1.37 p. m.
23
(6° 04' 30" N., 120° 59' 30"
E.).
1.44 p. m.
23
Sulu Archipelago, vicinity of
Siasi.
D. 5146
Sulade Id. (E.), N. 18° W.,
C. S. 4542;
Feb. 16
10.04 a. m.
24
3.40 miles (5° 46' 40" N.,
Apr., 1903.
120° 48' 50" E.).
10.11 a. m.
24
D. 5147
Sulade Id. (E.), N. 3° E.,
. do .
. . .do .
11.20 a. m.
21
8.40 miles (5° 41' 40" N.,
120° 47' 10" E.).
11.27 a. m.
21
D. 5148
Sirun Id. (N.), S. 80° W.,
C. S. 4544;
. . .do .
1.00 p. m.
17
3.80 miles (5° 35' 40" N.,
Oct., 1906.
120° 47' 30" E.).
1.07 p. m.
17
H. 4905
Sirun Id. (W.), N. 33° E.,
. do .
Feb. 18
10
2.43 miles (5° 32' 50" N.,
120° 42' 15" E.).
D. 5149
Sirun Id. (VV.), N. 39° E.,
. do .
. ..do .
9.26 a m.
10
2.40 miles (5° 33' N., 120°
42' 10" E.).
9.32 a. m.
10
D. 5150
Sirun Id. (W.), N. 34° E.,
C. S. 4514;
. .do .
11.37 a. m.
21
11.7 miles (5° 23' 20" N.,
Jan., 1906.
120° 35' 45" E.).
11.43 a. m.
21
U. S. Fisheries
Character of
bottom.
fne. co. S .
fne. co. S .
sctrd. Co., S .
sctrd. Co .
s.; sf:
S., Sh .
S., Sh .
S., Sh .
5., Co .
5., Co . .
co. S .
co. S .
fne. co. S .
fne. co. S .
co. Mss .
co. S .
co. S .
co. S., Sh .
co. S., Sh .
co. S .
co. S .
co. S .
co. S .
co. S., Sh .
co. S., Sh .
co. S., Sh .
co. S., Sh .
co. S., Sh .
co. S., Sh .
co. S .
co. S .
5., Co., Sh .
Co., Sh .
Co., Sh .
co. S.,Sh .
co. S., Sh . .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
19
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
5-«
<
©
Ih
3
CQ
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°f.
80.5
‘F.
80
°F.
57.4
1.02457
h.
772.
mi.
80.5
81
(e).
20
S. 26° W..
1.0
dip. e. 1 .
dip. e. 1 .
2
00
2
00
4—8 f t . . .
3
00
Coral heads taken
ashore.
5-12 ft..
2
00
dip. e. 1 .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
surf....
1
30
84
80
1. 02489
83
79
(e).
12'Agz.; 2 m.b.
botm...
20
N,.72° W..
0.6
84
80
away.
84
80
(e).
12'Agz.; 2 m.b.
Tnr.-Blisb sdr.
botm...
20
N. 27° W..
0.6
85
80
85
80
(e).
12'Agz.; 2m. b.
botm...
20
N. 15° E..
0.6
1 mud bag carried
away.
83
80
1. 02457
83
80
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
04
S. 45° E...
0.2
83
80
1.02477
83
82
(e).
12' Agz. rev.;
20
N. 70° W..
0.8
m. b.
8-20 ft..
1
00
surf. ...
1
30
81
78
1. 02461
81
78
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
18
N. 13° E..
0.5
87
80
1. 02503
88
80
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
11
W .
0.5
1 bridle-stop car¬
ried away.
Sounding lead
carried away.
Fouled bottom;
89
80
1. 02442
89
80
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
4
91
81
1. 02514
mudbagtorn; no
distance made.
91
81
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 45° W..
0.6
88
77
1. 02482
88
77
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
15
S .
.6
82
80
1. 02468
82
81
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 77° W. .
1.1
85
SO
1. 02447
84
80
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
S. 72° E...
.4
82. 5
80
1. 02523
82.5
80
(e).
12' Agz., m. b.
botm...
18
S. 51°E...
.7
(e).
81
78
78
1.02509
84
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 10° W .
.8
82
78
1. 02495
82
78
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Net fouled bottom;
|
1 bridle stop car¬
ried away; no
distance made.
20
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
Sulu Archipelago, Tawi Tawi
Group.
1908.
fms.
D. 5151
Sirun Id. (C.), N. 58° E.,
C. S. 4514;
Feb. 18
1.02 p. m.
24
co. S.,Sh .
19.3 miles (5° 24' 40" N.,
120° 27' 15" E.).
Pajumajan Id. (W.), S. 2°
W., 2 miles (5° 22' 55" N.,
Jan., 1906.
24
co. S., Sh .
1.07 p. m.
3.21 p. m.
D. 5152
. do .
...do .
34
wh. S .
120° 15' 45" E.).
Dos Amigos Bay (anch.) .
Tocanhi Pt., S. 27° E., 2.10
miles (5° 18' 10" N., 120°
3.28 p. m.
7.30 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
34
\vh. S .
. do _
. . .do .
7
D. 5153
. do... ...
Feb. 19
49
co. S., Sh .
2' 55" E.).
Bakun Pt.’ S. 11° W., 0.70
9.08 a. m.
49
co. S., Sh .
D. 5154
H. O. 1852;
Apr., 1900.
...do .
10.23 a.m.
12
co. S . .
mile (5° 14' 50" N., 119°
58' 45" E.).
12
co. S .
D. 5155
. do .
. ..do .
11.00 a. m.
12
co. S .
miles (5° 13' 40" N., 119°
57' 20" E.).
Tataan Pass, Simulac Id.
(S. end Basun Channel).
Simulac Id. (S. end Basun
Channel).
Tataan Pass (anch.) .
Tataan Pass (Simulac Id.,rf.)
Tinakta Id. (N.), S. 77° W.,
3.40 miles (5° 12' 50" N.,
12
co. S .
. do .
...do .
2.00 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
mrgn. co. Rf . .
. do .
Feb. 20
mrgn. co. Rf..
1.30 p. m.
7.30 p. m.
mrgn. co. Rf.. .
. do .
9
. do .
Feb. 21
mrgn. co. Rf.. .
D. 5156
. do .
. ..do .
8.35 a. m.
18
fne. S., Sh .
119° 55' 55" E.).
Tinakta Id. (N.), S. 80° W.,
3.30 miles (5° 12' 30" N.,
18
fne. S., Sh .
D. 5157
. do .
. ..do .
8.59 a. m.
18
fne. S .
119° 55' 50" E.).
18
fne. S .
D. 5158
Tinakta Id. (N), N. 89° W.,
1.90 miles (5° 12' N., 119*5
_ do .
...do .
9.21 a. m.
12
crs. S., Sh .
54' 30" E.).
Tinakta Id. (N.), N. 82° W.,
1.40 miles (5° 11' 50" N.,
12
crs. S., Sh .
D. 5159
. do..;.. .
..do .
10.04 a. m.
10
co. S .! .
119° 54' E.).
Simulac Id. (rf. ) .
10
co. S .
1.30 p. in.
7.30 p. m.
8.26 a. m.
mrgn. co. Rf .
Tataan Pass (anch.) .
Tinakta Id. (N.), S. 72° W.,
2.75 miles (5° 12' 40" N.,
. do .
9
D. 5160
. do .
Feb. 22
12
S .
119° 55' 10" E.).
12
S .
D. 5161
Tinakta Id. (E.), N. 12° W.,
. do .
. ..do .
9.03 a. m.
16
fne. S., blk. Sp....
1.80 miles (5° 10' 15" N.,
119° 53' E.).
Tinagta Id. (S), N. 63° E.,
4.10 miles (5° 09' 55" N.,
16
fne. S .
H. 4906
C. S. 4514;
Jan., 1906.
...do .
9.51 a. m.
55
S., brk. Sh .
119° 48' 55" E.).
D. 5162
Tinagta Id. (S.), N. 71° W.,
5.40 miles (5° 10' N., HO'5
. do .
. ..do .
10:10 a. m.
230
10.31 a. m.
230
crs. S., brk. Sh _
47' 30" E.).
Bongao (anch.) .
Bongao (near anch.) .
Sanguisiapo Id. (rf.) .
7.30 p. m.
7.30 p. m.
6
sml. Clmps. Co.,S.
co. S .
D. 5163
Observation Id., N. 79° W.,
6.70 miles (4° 59' 10'' N.,
. do .
. ..do .
9.36 a. m.
28
119° 51' E.).
Observation Id., S 82° W.,
8 miles (5° 01' 40" N.,119°
28
co. S .
D. 5164
. do .
...do .
10.16 a. m.
18
52' 20" E.).
Observation Id., N. 70° W.,
18
gn. M .
D. 5165
. do .
...do .
1.19 p. m.
*9
Co .
6.40 miles (4° 58' 20" N.,
119° 50' 30" E.).
D. 5166
Observation Id., N.20° W.,
4.60 miles (4° 56' 10" N.,
. do .
...do .
2.54 p. m.
97
co. S .
co. S .
119° 46' E.).
Simonor Id., N. side (rf.) _
Observation Id., N. 11° W.,
3.05 p. m.
3.15 p. m.
3.36 p. m.
3.53 p. m.
97
D. 5167
. do .
...do .
110
Co * .
5.60 miles (4° 55' 10" N.,
119° 45' 30" E.).
no
Co.* .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS. 21
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
84
83
81
80
63.5
52.9
Density.
Sur¬
face.
1. 02489
1. 02457
1. 02437
1.02437
i." 02437
1. 02422
1. 02422
1. 02422
i." 02422
1.02447
1. 02447
1. 02442
1. 02495
1.02644
1. 02406
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
dip; e. 1 .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
int. 4 § .
dyn .
4 gill nets
dyn .
dyn .
dip; e. 1 .
dyn .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
9' Jn. dr .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
9' Jn. dr .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
9' Jn. dr .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
9' Jn. dr .
dyn .
dip. e. 1 .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
9' Jn. dr . .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
9' Jn. dr . .
Luc. sdr. (a)..
Luc. sdr. (a) ..
12' Agz.; m. b.
dip; e. 1 .
4 gill nets .
dyn .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
9' Jn. dr .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
9' Jn. dr . .
9' Jn. dr .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
dyn .
Luc. sdr. (a)..
12' Agz.; m. b
Trial.
Depth.
botm
botm
surf.
botm
botm
8 fms
5-30 f
5-40 f
5-40 f
surf.
6-20 f
botm
botm
botm
botm
6-20 f
surf.
botm
botm
botm
surf.
6-15 f
botm
botm
botm
botm
6-15 ft.
botm..
Dura¬
tion.
ft. m.
15
1 30
21
2
3 00
3 00
3 00
30
3 00
2
3 00
1 00
15
2 30
4
2 00
20
Drift.
Direction.
N. 86° E.
S. 56° W.
N. 27° W..
S. 42° W.
S. 58° W.
S. 28° E..
S. 29° W.
N.80° W.
S. 14° E..
S. 67° W.
S. 9° E.
N. 63° W.
N. 30° E.
S .
S. 5° E....
S. 14° W.
Remarks.
(?)
1.4
20 fms. d redge
cable out.
Set over night.
Channel between
reefs.
Net fouled bottom.
Final haul Feb. 24.
No sounding
taken.
Distance recorded
.7 mile; 1 bridle
stop carried
away.
59395°— 11 - 12
22
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Station
No.
D. 5168
D. 5169
D.'aro
H. 4907
D.5171
D.5172
H. 4908
D. 5173
D. 5174
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
Sulu Archipelago, Tawi
Tawi Group— Continued.
1908.
/ms.
Observation Id. N. 17° W.,
C. S. 4514;
Feb. 25
7.09 a. m.
80
co. S .
4.20 miles (4° 56' 30" N.,
119° 45' 40" E.).
Sulu Archipelago, vicinity
Jan., 1906.
co. S .
7.23 a. m.
80
Sibutu Id.
Sitanki (anch.) .
C. S. 4722;
Apr., 1905.
Feb. 25
7.30 p. m.
Sitanki (near anch.) .
7.30 p. m.
Tumindao Reef S. end (rf.). .
. do .
Feb. 26
sctrd. Clmps. Co ..
sctrd. Clmps. Co . .
co. S .
1.30 p. m.
8.36 a. m.
Sibutu Id. (S. E.), N. 38° E.,
8 miles (4° 32' 15" N., 119°
. do .
Feb. 27
*10
22' 45" E.).
Sitanki wharf .
S., M., Co...
Sibutu Id. (S. end), N. 38°
E., 13.50 miles (4° 28' N.,
119° 19' 30" E.).
. do .
...do _
128
11.17 a. m.
128
Sibutu Id. (S. end), N. 10°
E., 13.50 miles (4° 26' N.,
. do .
...do _
12.51 p. m.
850
119° 25' 30" E.).
Omapui Id. (W.), S. 22° W„
. do .
Feb. 28
3.21 p. m.
250
fne. co. S .
12 miles (5° 05' N., 119° 28' E.).
3.47 p. m.
250
fne. co. S .
Sandakan and vicinity.
Sandakan (near anch.) .
B. A. 950. . .
Feb. 29
8.15 p. m.
8.15 p. m.
8.00 p. m.
2.00 p. m.
7
Sandakan (anch.) .
7
7
Sandakan (beach above fish¬
ermen’s village).
. do .
Mar. 2
S., R .
Vicinity of Jolo.
C. S. 4722;
Apr., 1905.
Mar. 5
9.00 a. m.
Jolo Lt., E., 24.75 miles (6°
03' 15" N., 120° 35' 30" E.).
. do .
...do _
10.06 a. m.
318
fne. S., Sh .
10.31 a. m.
318
fne. S., Sh .
Jolo Lt., N. 78° E., 7.50
miles (6° 02' 30" N., 120°
C. S. 4542;
...do... .
2.27 p. m.
171
Sh., Co .
Apr., 1903!
52' 20" E.).
Jolo Lt.,N. 82° E., 6.75 miles
(6° 02' 55" N., 120° 53' E.).
. do .
...do _
2.39 p. m.
186
Sh., Co .
2.57 p. m.
3.46 p. m.
186
Sh., Co .
Jolo Lt., E. 2.60 miles (6° 03'
45" N„ 120° 57' E.).
. do .
...do _
20
3.51 p. m.
4.00 p. m.
20
Jolo (anch.) .
Jolo (rf. near anch., north) . .
Jolo (beach, west of town). . . .
. do .
Mar. 6
Co., S .
. do .
...do _
2.00 p. m.
.
S., Co., grassy _
Jolo (near anch.) .
4.00 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
10
S .
Jolo (west ol anch.) .
Mar. 7
S., Co. (staghorn
Mss.).
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
23
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Air.
j Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
U. m.
mi.
79
79
1.02386
Luc. sdr. (e) . .
79.5
79
3
S....
(?)
1 00
.
9-15 ft..
3 00
9-15ft. .
3 00
81
79
1.02509
botm...
5
S. 11° W. .
.2
12— 15 ft .
1 00
0.5
78
1. 02426
81
78
botm...
2
S. 27° E...
(?)
82
79
76
83
53.5
1.02373
1.02462
76
83
botm...
20
S. 45° W. .
(?)
surf. . . .
15
1 30
1 30
12ft....
3 30
6— 12ft . .
2 00
84
82
1.02447
85
82
12' Agz.; m. b..
botm ..
20
N. 47° W. .
1.0
96
84
(b).
99
83
1.02518
(b).
93
• 83
botm...
6
E .
(?)
ion
89
100
82
(e).
botm...
6
N.58°E...
.4
8ft .
3 00
4ft .
2 00
botm...
4-10 ft..
3 00
Remarks.
Net fouled bottom.
Set over night.
No sounding.
Distance recorded,
0.5 mile; 1 bri¬
dle stop carried
away.
Distance not ob¬
tainable on ac¬
count of fog.
Towed from steam
launch.
6 hauls.
Temperatureat277
fms. 53.3. Den¬
sity at 277 fms.
1.02462.
Net slightly dam¬
aged.
Distance recorded
0.7 mile.
Hauled and
shifted about 7
p. m.; not found
on following
morning.
4 hauls; 1 at mouth
of stream.
Hauled following
morning and at
1 p. m.
24
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Sulu Sea, S. E. of Cagayanes
Ids.
D. 5175
D. 5176
D. 5177
D. 5178
D. 5179
D. 51S0
D. 5181
D. 5182
D. 5183
D. 5184
D. 5185
D. 5186
Manucan Id. (E.), N. 45°
W., 23.25 miles (9° 21' N.,
121° 37' 45" E.).
Manila Bay.
Manila Bay (Luneta beach) . .
Cavite (Sangley Pt. beach) . .
Verde Id. Passage.
Escarceo Lt., S. 57° E., 7
miles (13° 35' 15" N., 120°
53' 20" E.).
Escarceo Lt., S. 53° E., 5.80
miles (13° 35' N., 120° 54'
36" E.).
Vicinity of Romblon.
Pt. Origon (N.), S. 5° E., 2.30
miles (12° 43' N., 122° 06'
15" E.).
Romblon Lt., S. 56° E., 4.50
miles (12° 38' 15" N., 122°
12' 30" E.).
Romblon Harbor (rf. S. of
Agbatan Pt.).
Romblon (anch.) .
Romblon (beach at Binagon
and Agpatan Pts.).
Romblon (rf. E. of Sabang
Pt.).
Romblon (rf. E. side Rosas
Pt.).
Romblon Lt., N. 6°30'E.,
7.10 miles (12° 28' 30" N.,
122° 15' E.).
Off eastern Panay.
Antonia Id. (S.), S. 63° W.,
6.60 miles (11° 36' 40" N.,
123° 26' 35" E.).
Antonia Id. (S.), N., 43° W.,
3.70 miles (11° 30' 40" N.,
123° 23' 20" E.).
Between Panay and Negros.
Lusaran Lt., S. 29° E., 4
miles (10° 32' 48" N., 122°
26' E.).
Lusaran Lt., N. 22° E., 11.25
miles (10° 18' 30" N., 122°
23' 30" E.).
Lusaran Lt., N. 23° E., 25.50
miles (10° 05' 45" N., 122°
18' 30" E.).
Lusaran I.t., N. 20° E., 37.80
miles (9° 53' 30" N., 122°
15' 30" E.).
Tanon Strait, east coast of
Negros.
D. 5187
Apo Id., S. 21° W., 12.50
miles (9° 16' 45" N., 123°
21' 15" E.).
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
1908.
fms.
C. S. 4717;
Mar. 8
7.22 p. m.
*
Feb., 1903.
C. S. 4240;
Mar. 16
S„ M .
Feb., 1907!
Mar. 23
S .
C. S. 4240;
Mar. 24
7.01 p. m.
*260
*S .
Feb. ,1907.
. do .
...do _
7.33 p. m.
*260
*s .
C. S. 4714;
Mar. 25
8.35 a. m.
73
fne. S .
June, 1906.
8.51 a. m.
78
fne. S .
. do .
. ..do _
10.41 a. m.
37
hrd. S .
10.49 a. m.
37
hrd. S .
C. S. 4442;
...do _
2.00 p. m.
Mss. staghorn Co.
Mar., 1907.
20
S.,Co .
. do...: ..
. ..do .
9.00 a. m.
mrgn.Clmps. Co...
C. S. 4715;
7.32 p. m.
Apr., 1907.
C. S. 4417;
Mar. 27
8.39 a. m.
26
M., fne. S .
Feb., 1905.
8.46 a. m.
26
M., fne. S .
. do .
...do .
9.43 a. m.
24
fne. S., M .
9.51 a. m.
24
fne. S., M .
C. S. 4718;
Mar. 30
10.27 a. m
96
sft. gn. M .
Dec., 1906.
10.51 a. m.
96
sft. gn. M . . . ; .
. do .
. ..do .
1.09 p. m.
565
gn. M .
1.53 p. m.
565
gn. M .
. do .
. ..do .
4.39 p. m.
638
gn. M .
5.26 p. m.
638
gn. M .
C. S. 4718;'
Mar. 31
1.06 p. m.
225
sft. gn. M .
Dec., 1906.
1.26 p. m.
225
sft. gn. M .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
25
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Remarks.
9
<
1 Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F
°F.
h. m.
mi.
82
82
0 20
N. 7° E...
1.3
bottom at 70
fms.
4ft. ..
1 30
10ft.
2 30
80
79
0 21
S. 72° E
1 0
80
79
int. 4 § .
0 20
E...
0.9
1.5
cable out.
80
80
1.02515
1.02516
Luc. sdr. (a) . .
trip.
80
80
0 20
N. 84° W
2.0
81
81
75.7
Luc. sdr. (a)...
81
81
0 15
N. 81° W
1.3
dyn .
8-15 ft
3 00
dip; e. 1 .
2 00
150' seine .
dyn .
10-20 ft.
3 00
dyn .
8-15 ft..
1 30
rain. *
79
80
1.02530
int. 4 .
20
S. 5° E _
(?)
80
80
1. 02544
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
80
80
9' Jn. dr .
4
S. 46° W. .
.3
81
80
1.02515
(e).
81
80
8
S. 39° W..
.7
55 fms.
83
81
63. 4
1.02489
1. 02551
Luc. sdr. (a)...
84
81
12' Agz.;3m.b.
20
S. 78° W..
.7
Veered from 192 to
250 fms. during
haul.
90
83
49.8
1. 02489
1.02505
Luc. sdr. (a). .
92
82
20
S. 52° W..
2.0
81
82
49.8
1.02481
1.02492
Luc. sdr. (b). .
81
82
int. 4 § . .
20
S. 64° W..
2.5
1,000 fms. dredge
48
cable out.
81
80
1. 02530
int. 4 .
20
S. 4° W. ..
.8
87
81
53.6
1.02475
1.02492
87
81
11
S. 79° W. .
.6
Lashing slipped;
catch" lost.
26
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
D.51S8
D. 5189
D. 5190
D.sin
D. 5192
D.5193
D. 5194
D. 5195
D. 5196
D. 5197
D. 5198
D. 5199
D. 5200
D. 5201
D. 5202
D. 5203
Position.
Tanon Strait, east coast of
Negros— Continued.
Port Bais (anch.) .
Pescador Id., N. 16° E., 14
miles (9° 44' N., 123° 14'
20" E.).
Pescador Id., N. 72° E., 3.30
miles (9° 56' 30" N., 123°
15' E.).
Pescador Id., S. 9° E., 10.70
miles (10° 08' 15" N., 123°
16' 45" E.).
Guijuliigan (beach) .
Refugio Id. (S.), S. 74° W.,
5.50 miles (10° 29' 45" N.,
123° 31' 15" E.).
Balamban (anch.) .
Off northern Cebu Id.
Jilantaguan Id. (E.), N. 13°
W., 3 miles (11° 09' 15" N.,
123° 50' E.).
Chocolate Id., N. 77° E., 8
miles (11° 16' 45" N., 123°
55' 45" E.).
Chocolate Id., N. 66° W., 8
miles (11° 15' 30" N., 124°
11' E.).
Capitancillo Id. Lt., N.,
11.75 miles (10° 47' N., 124°
06' 30" E.).
Capitancillo I.t., N. 5° 30'
W., 14.30 miles (10° 44'
30" N., 124° 07' 30" E.).
Mactan Cove, S. E. shore
(rf.).
Mactan Id. (shore, opposite
Cebu).
Vicinity western Bohol.
Mantacao Id., S. side (rf.)...
Mantacao Id., S. side (beach).
Mantacao Id. (anch.) .
Baliscasag Id., S., 22 miles
(9° 52' 30" N., 123° 40' 45"
E.).
Baliscasag Id., S. 6° E., 10.25
miles (9° 40' 50" N., 123°
39' 45" E.).
Tagbilaran Channel (beach
onBohol side nearS. anch.).
Pamilacan Id . ( E . ), S . 61 ° W . ,
6.25 miles (9° 31' 50" N.,
124° 40" E.).
Pamilacanld. (E.).S.66° W.,
7.25 miles (9° 31' 50" N.,
124° 02' 05" E.).
Sogod Bay, southern Leyte Id.
Limasaua Id. (E.), S. 1°E.,
14.80 miles (10° 10' N., 125°
04' 15" E.).
Limasaua Id. (E.), S.2°E.,
16.70 miles (10° 12' N., 125°
04' 10" E.).
Limasaua Id. (S.), S. 38° W.,
5.50 miles (9° 58' N., 125°
07' 40" E.).
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
1908.
fins.
C. S. 4718;
Mar. 31
8.00 p. m.
9
Dec., 1906.
. do .
Apr. 1
10.21 a. m.
299
gn. M .
10.44 a. m.
299
gn. M .
. do .
. . .do .
1.08 p. m.
300
gn. M .
1.33 p. m
300
gn. M .
. do .
...do -
4.16 p. m.
295
gn. M .
4.39 p. m.
295
gn. M .
. do .
. . .do .
2.58 p. m.
258
gn . M .“ _ .
3.26 p. m.
258
gn. M .
12
S .
C. S. 4718;
Apr. 3
9.28 a. m.
32
gn. S .
Dec., 1906.
9.40 a. m.
32
gn- S .
. do .
...do .
11.03 a. m.
71
gn. M .
11.12 a. m.
71
gn. M .
. do .
. . .do .
1.58 p. m.
148
gn. M .
2.15 p. m.
148
gn. M .
. do .
Apr. 6
10.00 a. m.
mrgn. Clmps. Co. .
. do .
Apr. 7
8.00 a. m.
honey-combed Rf.
C. S. 4718;
Apr. 8
3.00 p. m.
mrgn. Mss. Co _
Dec., 1906.
S .
. do .
. . .do .
8.00 p. m.
10
. do .
Apr. 9
8.34 a. m.
174
gn. M .
8.55 a. m.
174
gn. M .
. do .
. . .do .
11.05 a. m.
220
gn. M . . .
11.25 a. m.
220
gn. M .
. do .
. . .do -
3.00 p. m.
S., grassy .
C. S. 4719;
7.30 p. m.
Aug., 1904.
C. S. 4719;
Apr. 10
8.24 a. m.
554
gy. S., M .
Aug., 1904.
9.13 a. m.
554
gy. S., M .
. do .
. . .do .
10.31 a. m.
502
gy. M .
11.07 a. m.
502
gy. m . . .
. do .
...do .
2.21 p. m.
775
gn. M .
3.47 p. m.
775
gn. M .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
27
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
c
<
<v
0
*52
5
C Q
e
0
0
PQ
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
°F.
°F.
°F.
82.5
84.5
85
89
92.5
90
81
81
82
82
83
83
62.6
1.02475
1.02502
62.8
1.02468
1.02495
63
1. 02468
1.02482
93
91.5
83
83
62.8
1.02497
1.02516
82
82
86
90
85
84
82.5
81.5
82
82
82
82
83
83
84
82
1.02518
1.02503
56.5
1.02447
1.02597
1. 02514
1.02518
89
91
84
81
81
81
54.3
1.02489
1.02513
53.9
1. 02434
1.02500
83
82.5
80
85
80
79
82
83
79
79
79
80
80
80
80
81
1.02530
1. 02468
1.02440
52.8
1.02497
(?)
1.02440
1.02457
52.9
1. 02468
1.02606
Apparatus.
dip; e. 1 .
Luc. sdr. (a) . .
12 Agz.;3m.b.
Luc. sdr. (a) . .
12 Agz.; 3 m.b.
Luc. sdr. (a) . .
int. 4 § .
150' seine .
Luc. sdr. (a). .
12' Agz.; 3 m.b.
dip; e. 1 .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(b).
9' Jn. dr .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; 3 m.b.
Luc. sdr. (a).
12' Agz.;3m.b
int. 4 .
dyn...
poison.
dyn...
Trial.
Depth.
surf. . . .
botm...
botm...
250 fms.
9ft .
botm...
surf. . . .
botm. . .
botm...
botm...
surf...
surf...
10-20 ft
130' seine .
dip; e. 1 .
Luc. sdr. (a). .
12' Agz.;3m.b.
Luc. sdr. (a). .
12' Agz.; 3 m.b.
130' seine,
int. 4 .
Luc. sdr. (a) . .
12' Agz.; 3 m.b.
Luc. sdr. (a)...
12' Agz.; 3 m.b.
Luc. sdr. (a). . .
12' Agz.; 3 m.b.
10-30 ft
5ft....
surf. . .
botm..
Dura¬
tion.
h. m.
3 30
20
20
3 00
20
1 30
2 00
2 00
1 00
”20
botm.
6ft...
surf. ...
surf. ...
botm.
botm...
botm...
20
1 00
20
18
Drift.
Direction.
N. 63° W..
N. 70° E..
N. 43° W.
S. 88° W .
N. 45° W.
N. 44° W.
S. 25° w!
S.22°30'E
N. 58° W.
S. 54° W.
Remarks.
Brackish water.
400 fms. dredge
cable out.
8 hauls.
No sounding.
Ship steered in
circle.
High water.
Tide pools.
6 hauls.
E .
.6
S. 24° W . .
1.5
(?) .
(?)
N. 72° W..
2.7
3 hauls.
Ship steered in
circle.
Veered 112 fms. ca¬
ble during haul.
Therm, failed to
trip.
Veered from 1,200
to 1,330 fms. dur¬
ing haul.
28
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Off east coast of Leyte Id.
1908.
fms.
D. 5204
Mariquitdaquit Id., N. 88°
C. S. 4719;
Apr. 11
9.48 a. m.
15
E., 3.50 miles (11° 04' 18" N.,
Aug., 1904.
125° 05' 30" E.).
3
Tacloban (near anch.) .
D. 5205
Caguayan Pt., N. 2° E., 0.70
. do .
Apr. 13
9.28 a. m.
8
mile (11° 19' 30" N., 124° 58'
05" E.).
1.00 p. m.
babuy Id. (rf.).a
Off western Samar.
D. 5206
Badian Id. (N.), N. 27° E.,
C. S. 4420;
Apr. 14
9.54 a. m.
32
5.75 miles (11° 31' 40" N.,
May, 1907.
124° 42' 40" E.).
10.02 a. m.
32
D. 5207
Badian Id. (N.), S. 74° E.,
. do .
. . .do .
11.22 a. m.
35
4.70 miles (11° 38' 05" N.,
124° 40' 45" E.).
11.27 a. m.
35
D. 5208
Taratara Id. (N.), S. 07° 30'
C. S. 4451;
. . .do .
12.53 p. m.
26
E., 4.10 miles '11° 45' 53"
June, 1904.
N., 124° 42' 50" E.).
12.59 p. m.
26
D. 5209
Taratara Id. (N.), S. 53° W.,
. do .
. . .do .
2.03 p. m.
20
1.80 miles (11° 45' 25" N.,
124° 48' 05" E.).
2.13 p. m.
20
2.13 p. m.
20
4.00 p. m.
Rf.).
5
Apr. 15
Aguada Pt.).
Rf.).
Catbalogan (Lutao Rf. and
Apr. 16
Anas Pt.).
Catbalogan (Quinituay Rf.,
beach).
Catbalogan (Quinituay Rf.) .
. do .
.. .do .
2.30 p. m.
D. 5210
Limbancauavan Id. (E.), N.
C. S. 4420;
Apr. 17
10.17 a. m.
50
1° W., 3.00 miles (11° 49'
May, 1907.
10.30 a. m.
50
55" N., 124° 28' 05" E.).
10.30 a. m.
50
East of Masbate Id.
D. 5211
Panalangan Pt., Talajit Id.,
C. S. 4715;
Apr. 17
1.05 p. m.
155
N. 33° E., 5.25 miles (11°
Apr., 1907.
1.20 p. m.
155
51' 35" N., 124° 14' E.).
1.20 p. m.
155
C. S. 4455;
4.00 p. m.
inside Dumurug Pt.).
Sept., 1904.
Apr. 18
Pt. (beach). *
inside Dumurug Pt.).
Apr. 19
3.00 p. m.
20
D. 5212
Panalangan Pt., S. 54° 30' E.,
C. S. 4715;
Apr. 20
8.29 a. m.
10S
14.50 miles (12° 04' 15" N.,
Apr., 1907.
8.45 a. m.
108
124° 04' 30" E.).
D. 5213
Destacado Id. (S.),’N. 87° E.,
. do .
. . .do .
10.38 a. m.
80
8.50 miles (12° 15' N., 123°
57' 30" E.).
10.47 a. m.
80
Masbate (rf. N. of town) .
. do .
. ..do .
3.00 p. m.
a One boat made collections up the Silaga River for a few miles.
Character of
bottom.
gn. M
M.,S.
staghorn Co., R . .
gn. M .
gn. M .
gn. M., S .
gn. M., S .
sft. gn. M .
sft. gn. M .
gn. M .
gn. M .
sft. Co., S .
5., M .
sft. Co., algae _ _
staghorn Clmps.,
Co., R.
Co., R .
5., Co .
staghorn Mss., Co.,
R.
fne. gy. S .
fne. gy. S .
gn. M., S .
S., sctrd. Clmps
staghorn Co.
S., sctrd. Clmps
staghorn Co.
S., sctrd. Clmps
staghorn Co.
gy. S., M .
gy. S., M .
5., M.,Sh .
5., M.,Sh .
Co., R .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
29
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
84
° F.
82
°F.
1. 02391
12' Agz.; 3 m.b.
ft.
m.
21
N. 57° W..
mi.
1.0
84
83
1. 02448
12' Agz.; 3 m.b.
3-10 ft..
3
00
83
83
1.02406
83
83
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b..
botm...
20
N. 18° W..
.7
86
84
1.02395
85
84
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b..
bo tin...
15
N. 16° E...
. 5
84
84
1. 02483
84
84
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b..
botm...
20
N. 27° E...
. 6
81
84
1.02493
81
84
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b..
K2 .
20
S. 28° E...
. 6
81
84
10
S. 28° E...
.3
12-15 ft.
1
00
Oft .
3
00
12-15 ft.
3
00
4-20 ft..
3
00
8-30 ft..
3
00
6 ft .
4-30 ft..
2
30
82
83
84
76.3
1. 02406
1. 02523
83
12' Agz.; m. b..
K2 .
botm...
11
N. 1° W...
.2
83
83
surf....
11
N. 1° W...
.2
83
84
84
84
56.6
1. 02482
1. 02509
int. 4§ _ ....
K2* .
(?) .
surf. . . .
20
N. 31° W..
1.7
84
84
10
20
N. 31° W..
1.7
6-10 ft..
1
30
2
30
6-10 ft..
3
00
6-10 ft..
1
00
dip; e. 1 .
surf. . . .
82
83
80
80
59.9
1.02467
1.02476
12' Agz.; m. b..
botm...
20
N. 21° W..
.9
82
85
81
81
1.02489
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b..
dyn .
botm...
20
N. 22° W . .
.8
6-25 ft..
2
00
Remarks.
Sounding with
hand lead.
Hauled following
morning.
Fouled bottom;
trawl lost; mud
bag only recov¬
ered; sounding
with hand lead.
Brackish water.
Mud bag lost.
Towed alongside.
Finally hauled on
Apr. 17.
Coral unthrifty.
2 hauls.
2 boats used.
Towed alongside.
200 fms. dredge
cable out.
Towed alongside.
5 hauls.
Veered 8 fms. dur¬
ing haul.
30
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
D. 5214
D. 5215
D. 5216
D. 5217
D. 5218
D. 5219
D. 5220
D. 5221
D. 5222
D. 5223
D . 5224
D. 5225
D. 5226
Position.
Chart.
Date.
East of Masbate Id. — Cont’d.
Masbate (near anch.) .
C. S. 4715;
1908.
Apr. 20
Apr., 1907.
Palanog Lt., Masbate, S. 17°
. do .
Apr. 21
W., 2.60 miles (12° 25' 18"
N„ 123° 37' 15" E.).
Palanog Lt., S. 5° 30' E., 8.50
. do .
. ..do -
miles (12° 31' 30" N., 123°
35' 24" E.).
Between Burias and Luzon.
Port San Miguel (beach) .
C. S. 4454:
Apr. 21
Port San Miguel (rf. N. of
May, 1906.
. do .
. ..do -
Puro Id.).
Port San Miguel (anch.) .
Anima Sola Id., N. 44° W.,
C. S. 4715;
. ..do -
Apr. 22
29.50 miles (12° 52' N., 123°
Apr., 1907.
23' 30" E.).
Anima Sola Id., N. 42° W.,
17.30 miles (13° 20" N., 123°
14' 15" E.).
Anima Sola Id. (E.), N. 10°
. do .
. ..do. . ..
. do .
. ..do. . ..
W., 2 miles (13° 11' 15" N.,
123° 02' 45" E.).
Burias Id., Port Busin (pt.
C. S. 4454;
. ..do. . ..
below fort rf.).
May, 1906.
Burias Id., Port Busin(anch.)
. do .
. ..do _
Port Busin (pt. below fort, rf.)
. do .
Apr. 23
Port Busin (beach at fort pt.)
. do .
...do -
Between Marinduque and
Luzon.
Mompog Id. (NE.), N. 35°
30' W., 12.25 miles (13° 21'
C. S. 4715;
Apr. 23
Apr., 1907.
N., 122° 18' 45" E.).
Santa Cruz Harbor Marin-
C. S. 4453;
. . .do -
duque (anch.).
July, 1908.
Santa Cruz Id. (SE.) .
. do .
Apr. 24
San Andreas Id. (W.), S. 57°
C. S. 4714;
. ..do -
W., 8.50 miles (13° 38' N.,
June, 1906.
121° 58' E.).
San Andreas Id. (W.), S. 27°
. do .
. ..do -
E., 5.50 miles (13° 38' 15"
N., 121° 48' 15" E.).
San Andreas Id. (W.), S. 57°
. do .
. ..do -
E., 9.20 miles (13° 38' 30"
N., 121° 42' 45" E.).
Malabrigo Lt., W., 9.80
. do .
...do -
miles (13° 36' N., 121° 25'
30" E.).
Malabrigo Lt., N. 79° W.,
6.25 miles (13° 34' 50" N.,
121° 21' 45" E.).
China Sea, south of Conegidor.
Corregidor Lt., N. 10° E.,
. do .
. ..do -
C. S. 4240;
Mav 4
9.50 miles (14° 13' 24" N.,
Feb., 1907.
120° 32' 36" E.).
Corregidor Lt., N. 10° E.,
. do .
...do _
10.70 miles (14° 12' 15" N.,
120° 32' 24" E.).
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
fms.
8.00 p. m.
20
8.59 a. m.
218
gn. M .
9.19 a. m.
218
gn. M .
10.27 a. m.
604
gn. M .
11.32 a. m.
604
gn. M .
S .
3.00 p. m.
S., mrgn. Clmps.
Co.
7.00 p. m.
19
8.19 a. m.
215
gn. M .
8.36 a. m.
215
gn. M .
10.31 a. m.
105
crs. gy. S .
10.44 a. m.
105
crs. gy. S .
12.58 p. m.
20
crs. S .
1.05 p. m.
20
crs. S .
mrgn. co. Rf .
8.00 p. m.
12
5.30 a. m.
.
S., R.,Co .
1.57 p. m.
530
gn. M .
2.37 p. m.
530
gn. M .
8.00 p. m.
12
S .
12.57 p. m.
50
sft. gn. M .
50
3.05 p. m.
193
gn. M .
193
4.33 p. m.
195
gn. M .
4.49 p. m.
195
gn. M .
•
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
31
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
j Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
ft. m.
mi.
Hauled following
morning.
Lost.
2 wire traps...
surface .
1-30
81
82
51.4
1.02475
1. 02485
81
81
12' Agz.; m. b.
Luc. sdr. (a)...
botm...
20
N. 36° E..
1.0
82
81
50.5
1.02440
1.02441
82
82
12' Agz.; m. b.
20
2 30
S. 77° E...
1.2
15ft ...
5 hauls.
6-30 ft..
2 30
dip; e. 1 .
surface.
3 00
SO
80
51.9
1. 02481
1. 02465
Luc. sdr. (a). .
80
80
12' Agz.; m. b.
Luc. sdr. (a). .
botm...
20
N. 42° W..
1.5
83
82
63.1
1.02489
1.02496
85
81
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
botm...
20
N. 45° W..
1.2
86
82
1. 02538
86
82
(e).
5
N. 16° W..
.2
10-30 ft.
2 00
2 00
10-30 ft.
1 30
6ft ....
1 30
3 hauls.
84
86
50.8
1.02468
1.02467
86
87
12' Agz.; m. b.
20
N. 27° E..
1.5
2 00
6-15 ft..
1 00
4ft .
5 hauls; beach In-
87
85
1.02493
side reef.
87
85
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
14
N. 54° W . .
.7
85
84
52.4
1.02503
1.02467
85
84
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 21° W..
1.0
85
85
52.8
1.02470
1.02447
86
85
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 20° \V_ .
1.7
83
84
surface.
20
S. 69“ W..
1.8
83
84
10
N. 80° W. .
.4
85
84
1.02448
40 fms..
20
S .
.9
Record lncom-
(?)
plete.
85
83
1. 02514
surface .
20
s .
.8
32
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Station
No.
D. 5227
D. 5228
D. 5229
D. 5230
D, 5231
D. 5232
D. 5233
D. 5234
D. 5235
D. 5236
D. 5237
D. 5238
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
East of Mindoro.
1908.
fms.
Pt. Origon, S. 44° E., 18.30
C. S. 4714;
May 5
1.04 p. m.
322
gn. M .
miles (12° 53' 45" N., 121°
June, 1906.
1.30 p. m.
322
52' 30" E.).
South of Romblon.
Romblon Lt., N. 3° E., 6.25
C. S. 4715;
May 5
7.02 p. m.
miles (12° 29' 30" N., 122°
Apr., 1907.
7.02 p. m.
15' 45" E.).
Between Cebu and Leyte.
Talong Id. (E.), S. 17° W.,
C. S. 4719;
May 7
9.34 a. m.
*290
5.75 miles (10° 48' 45" N.,
Aug., 1904.
124° 21' 15" E.).
9.55 a. m.
*290
Between Bohol and Leyte.
Limasaua Id. (S.), S. 68° E.,
C. S. 4719;
May 7
7.03 p. m.
118
gy. S .
22.50 miles (10° 01' 50" N.,
Aug., 1904.
7.13 p. m.
118
124° 42' 30" E.).
7.13 p. m.
118
7.48 p. m.
21.70 miles (10° 01' 15" N.,
124° 43' 15" E.).
8.25 p. m.
20.60 miles (10° 00' 45" N.
124° 44' 06" E.).
9.00 p. m.
19.50 miles (i0°00' 22" N.|
124° 45' 06" E.).
Limasaua Id. (S.), S. 70° 30'
. do .
. ..do .
9.42 p. m.
E. , 18.50 miles (10° N., 124°
46' 06" E.).
Pacific Ocean, east coast Min-
danao.
Surigao (beach near Bilan
C. S. 4644:
May 8
8.30 a. m.
M., S., Co., grassy.
Bilan).
July, 1905.
1.30 p. m.
Ian).
Nagubat Id. (S.), S. 58° W.,
C. S. 4719:
May 9
9.24 a. m.
44
sft. M .
7 miles (9° 43' N., 125° 48'
Aug., 1904.
15" E.).
9.30 a. m.
44
sft. M .
Generale Id. (S. W. shore,
3.00 p. m.
beach).
Pt., rf.).
Generale Id. (rf.) .
. do .
. ..do .
Magabao Id. (S.j, N. 85° W.,
. do .
May 11
10.27 a. m.
494
fne. gy. S .
9.10 miles (8° 50' 45" N.,
11.02 a. m.
494
fne. gy. S .
126° 26' 52" E.).
co. Mss., algae _
Lianga Bay (anch.) .
15
Sanco Pt. Id. (N.),N. 69° W.,
C. S. 4724;
May 12
10.11 a. m.
249
. (?) .
5 75 miles (8° 09' 06" N.,
Oct., 1909.
10.42 a. m.
249
gn. M .
126° 31' 45" E.).
Pt. Lambajon, S. 65° W.,
. do .
. ..do .
3.00 p. m.
380
gn. M .
4.30 miles (7° 34' 45" N.,
3.28 p. m.
380
gn. M .
126° 38' 15" E.).
May 13
Laeud ).
Baganga Bay (S. W. shore,
S .
beach).
1.00 p. m.
S., G .
beach).
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
33
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
<
UF.
86
85
84
84
86
86
84
84
84
85
83.5
83
83
o
E3
3
m
°F.
86
87
85
85
85
85
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
a
o
o
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
°F.
1.02498
1. 02519
1. 02525
57.6
1.02477
1.02496
1.02531
1.02531
1.02514
1.02531
84
84
86
86
1.02475
87
86
85
86
41.2
1.02453
1.02522
85
85
91
85
85
85
86
86
46.4
1.02477
1.02482
43.0
1.02453
1.02459
Apparatus.
Luc. sdr. (a) .
Int. 4 § .
Int. 4. . . .
K2', K5 J .
Tnr.-Blishsdr.
(e).
Int. 4; K2,K5§
Luc. sdr. (a).
int. 4 .
K2, K5 % .
int. 4; K2,K5 j
int. 4 .
int. 4; K2, K5 §
int. 4; K2, K5§
150' seine,
dyn .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12'Agz.;3m.b.
150' seine . .
dyn.
dyn.
dyn . .
Luc. sdr. (a)...
12' Agz.; 3m.b.
dyn.
dip; e. 1 .
Luc. sdr. (a).. .
12' Agz.;3m.b.
Luc. sdr. (a). .
12' Agz.; 3m.b.
dyn .
130' seine.
250' seine.
Trial.
Depth.
290 fms.
surface.
surface.
surface .
surface.
80 fms..
surface .
100 fms.
15 fms..
6-30 ft..
6-15 ft..
botm...
6-8 ft...
12-20 ft.
12-20 ft.
4-15 ft.
botm...
12ft...
surface.
botm..
botm...
4-20 ft..
10-20 ft.
30 ft....
Dura¬
tion.
ft. 771.
3 00
4 00
20
2 00
2 00
3 00
20
2 00
Drift.
Direction.
S. 30° E..
S. 30° E..
S. 30° E..
S. 17° W..
S. 63° E.
S. 63° E.
S. 63° E.
S. 63° E.
S. 63° E.
S. 63° E.
S. 56° E..
S. 4° E....
S. 3° E.
S. 15° W .
2.5
2.5
Remarks.
400 fms. dredge
cable out.
225 fms. dredge
cable out.
125 fms. dredge ca¬
ble out.
150 fms. dredge ca¬
ble out.
25 fms. dredge ca¬
ble out.
5 hauls.
1 bridle stop car¬
ried away.
5 hauls.
Bridle stops car¬
ried away; net
capsized; catch
saved.
Seining party
failed to find
suitable beach.
Veered at intervals
from 450 to 550
fms.
Roily, brackish
water.
7 hauls.
3 hauls. River ex¬
plored.
34
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records op the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
D. 5239
D. 5240
D. 5241
D. 5242
D. 5243
D. 5244
D. 5245
D. 5246
D. 5247
D. 5248
D. 5249
D. 5250
D. 5251
D. 5252
D. 5253
D. 5254
D. 5255
Position.
Pujada Bay and vicinity.
Uanivan Id. (N.), N. 78° E.,
2.25 miles (6° 49' 08" N.,
126° 15' 12" E.).
Uanivan Id. (N.), E., 2.40
miles (6° 49' 36" N. ,126°
15' E.).
Uanivan Id. (N.), S. 68° E.,
3 miles (6° 50' 45" N., 126°
14' 38" E.).
Uanivan Id. (N.), S. 56° E.,
4 miles (6° 51' 53" N., 1266
14' 10" E.).
Pujada Bay (rf. S. of Tatai-
daga Pt.).
Pujada Bay (beach both
sides Mati.).
Uanivan Id. (N.), S. 66° E.,
3.10 miles (6° 50' 55" N.,
126° 14' 35" E.).
Uanivan Id. (N.), S. 52° 30'
E., 4 miles (6° 52' 05" N.,
126° 14' 15" E.).
Uanivan Id. (N.), S. 41° E.,
4 miles (6° 52' 36" N., 126°
14' 52" E.).
Pacific Ocean, east of Min¬
danao.
Luban Id. (N.), S. 58° W.,
4.6 miles (6° 29' 15" N., 126°
18' 45" E.).
Gulf of Davao.
Beach east of Davao town. . .
Dumalag Id. (S.), S. 78° W.,
3.8 miles (7° 02' N., 125°
38' 45" E.).
Lanang Pt., S. 33° W., 0.40
mile (7° 07' 25" N., 125° 40'
24" E.).
Lanang Pt., N. 1 mile (7° 06'
06" N., 125° 40' 08" E.).
Linao Pt., N. 22° E., 1.1
miles (7° 05' 07" N., 125°
39' 45" E.).
Linao Pt., N. 32° E., 1.1
miles (7° 05' 12" N., 125°
39' 35" E.).
Linao Pt., N. 22° F.., 1.5
miles (7° 04' 48" N., 125°
39' 38" E.).
Linao Pt., N. 22° E., 1.5
miles (7° 04' 48" N., 125°
39' 38" E.).
Linao Pt., N. 44° E., 0.7
mile (7° 05' 42" N., 125°
39' 42" E.).
Dumalag Id. (S.), S. 65° W.,
4.5 miles (7° 03' N., 125° 39'
E.).
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
, bottom.
1908.
fms.
C. S. 4646;
May 14
12.44 p. m.
171
sft. gy. M .
Jan., 1905.
1.02 p. m.
171
sft. gy. M .
. do .
...do .
1.33 p. m.
145
sft. gy. M .
1.49 p. m.
145
sft. gy. M .
. do... . . .
. ..do .
2.24 p. m.
215
sft. gy. M .
3.05 p. m.
215
sft. gy. M .
. do .
. ..do .
3.46 p. m.
191
sft. gy. M .
4.03 p. m.
191
sft. gy. M .
. do .
. ..do .
12.54 p. m.
218
gv. M .
1.12 p. m.
218
gy M .
. do .
...do .
1.48 p. m.
171
gy H .
2.05 p. m.
171
gy- M .
. do .
...do .
2.47 p. m.
135
gy- m .
3.02 p. m.
135
gy M .
C. S. 4724;
May 15
7.10 p. m.
Oct., 1909.
C. S. 4724;
May 16
M., S .
Oct., 1909.
. do .
May 18
8.47 a. m.
135
M .
9.08 a. m.
135
M .
C. S. 4648;
...do .
10.30 a. m.
18
Co .
Sept., 1907.
10.38 a. m.
18
Co .
. do .
. ..do .
10.57 a. m.
23
Co., S .
23
Co., S .
. do .
. ..do .
11.20 a. m.
23
Co., S .
11.24 a. m.
23
Co., S .
. do .
. ..do .
1.07 p. m.
20
Co .
1.10 p. m.
20
Co .
. do .
. ..do .
1.22 p. m.
28
Co .
1.25 p. m.
28
Co .
. do .
...do .
1.34 p. m.
28
Co .
1.47 p. m.
28
Co .
. do .
...do .
2.22 p. m.
21
S.,Co .
2.26 p. m.
21
S., Co .
. do .
...do .
6.03 p. m.
100
sft. M .
6.13 p. m.
100
sft. M .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
35
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Remarks.
t-i
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h. m.
mi.
84
86
1.02417
Tnr.-Blishsdr.
(e).
84
86
12' Agz.;3m.b.
7
N. 13° W
0.5
ping stops car-
ried away; net
torn; frame
twisted; 1 mud
bag lost.
84
86
1.02448
Tnr.-Blishsdr.
(e).
84
86
20
N. 16° W..
1. 1
7
ble out.
85
85
1.02453
(e).
84
85
9' alb. Blk.;
20
N. 15° W . .
i.i
m. b.
540 fms.
84
85
64. 1
1.02457
1.02489
83.5
85
20
N. 13° W..
1.0
m. b.
6-20 ft..
2 30
10 ft ... .
2 00
84
84
63.6
1.02453
1.02468
85
85
botm...
20
N. 15° W . .
1. 1
84
85
1.02497
(e).
84
85
botm...
20
N. 46° E. . .
.7
84
84
1.02468
84
84
(e).
20
N.2° W...
.8
Net damaged.
83
82
1.02477
fnt. 4 § .
20
S. 6° E....
1.8
150 fms. dredge ca-
8
ble out.
6ft .
2 00
3 hauls.
80
83
1.02417
(e).
81
83
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 76° W . .
.5
84 5
83
1.02453
84.5
83
(e).
botm...
4
(7) .
(?)
Veered from 27 to
30 fms.
85
84
1. 02453
(e).
85
84
botm...
7
(?) .
(?)
Veered from 30 to
36 fms.
84
84
1.02457
(e).
84
84
botm...
3
(?) .
(?)
86
83
1. 02433
(e).
86
83
botm...
5
(?) .
(?)
85
83
1.02417
(e).
85
83
6' Jn. dr .
botm...
4
S. 29° E...
83
84
1.02433
(e).
83
84
6' Jn. dr .
botm...
11
N. 11° E ..
1.0
83
83
1.02417
(e).
83
83
botm...
5
N .
.3
1. 02227
83
84
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
(?) .
(?)
Made after dark.
36
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records op the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
D. 5256
D. 5257
D. 5258
D. 5259
D. 5260
H. 4912
D. 5261
D. 5262
Southern Mindanao, eastern
Illana Bay.
Cotabato (beach outside
Panalisan Pt.).o
Cotabato (near anch. outside
Panalisan Pt.).
Malabang (beach below
river). 6
Malabang (river) .
Malabang (anch.) .
Utara Pt., Bongo Id., N. 76°
W., 2.80 miles (7° 21' 45"
N., 124° 07' 15" E.)
Utara Pt., Bongo Id., N. 88°
W„ 7.70 miles (7° 22' 12"
N., 124° 12' 15" E.).
Polloe (Marigabato Pt., rf.)..
Parang (Lalavanga Pt., rf.)..
Parang (beach in front of
village).
Vicinity of Zamboanga.
Zamboanga (W. end Little
Sta. Cruz Id., rf.).
Zamboanga (Little Sta. Cruz
Id., rf.).
Iloilo.
E. of mouth of Iloilo River
(beach).
Off southern Panay.
Juraojurao Id. (S.), S. 75°
W., 16.25 miles (10° 27' 45"
N., 122° 12' 30" E.).
Off northwestern Panay.
Caluya Id. (S.), S. 73° W„
12 miles (11° 57' 30" N., 121°
42' 15" E.).
Off southeastern Mindoro.
Balanja Pt., N. 28° W., 7.20
miles (12° 25' 35" N., 121°
31' 35" E.).
Mansalay (anch.) .
Balanja Pt. (rf.) .
Mansalay Bay (W. shore,
beach).
Mansalay Bay (NE. shore,
rf.).
Balanja Pt., N. 73° W., 3.70
miles (12° 30' 55" N., 121°
31' 50" E.).
Balanja Pt., N. 80°' W., 6
miles (12° 30' 55" N., 121°
34' 24" E.).
C. S. 4723;
Oct., 1905.
....do .
. do .
_ do .
_ do .
C. S. 4619;
Apr., 1907
_ do .
_ do .
_ do .
C. S. 4723;
Oct., 1905.
C. S. 4723;
Oct., 1905.
_ do .
1908.
May 20
...do .
May 21
..do .
..do .
May 22
C. S. 4717;
Feb., 1903.
C. S. 4714;
June, 1906.
C. S. 4311;
July, 1904.
. do...
. do..,
. do .
..do...
...do .
May 23
. ..do .
May 26
May 28
June 2
June 2
June 3
June 3
. ..do _
June 4
...do _
. ..do .
. ..do .
...do .
June 4
Off eastern Mindoro.
Pt. Orlgon, N. 83° E., 28.50
miles (12° 37' 30" N., 121°
37' 30" E.).
a On May 20 collecting party went up Mindanao River to Cotabato; visited market.
b May 22 to 24 shore party made collections at Lake Lanao; visited market at Vicar.
C. S. 4714;
June, 1906.
...do .
...do _
...do _
2.30 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
8.30 a. m.
3.00 p. m.
8.00 p. m.
9.39 a. m.
9.54 a. m.
10.07 a. m.
10.11 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
8.30 a. m.
8.30 a. m.
10.10 a. m.
7.00 a. m.
7.08 p. m.
10.06 a. m.
10.31 a. m.
3.14 p. m.
3.32 p. m.
9.00 p. m.
7.30 a. m.
7.30 a. m.
1 .00 p. m.
5.34 p. m.
6.00 p. m.
6.11 p. m.
fms.
7.39 p. m.
7.45 p. m.
13
158
158
28
312
312
234
234
145
145
S., M.
S .
S .
S .
M.
M .
S., sctrd. Co .
sctrd. Co., co. R .
S .
sft. Co., co. heads
sft. Co., mrgn. Rfs.
gy. M., Glob,
gy. M., Glob.
gn. M., S .
gn. M., S .
mrgn. Co.
S., Co....
sctrd. Co .
bl. M., S .
S„ M .
S., M .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
37
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Remarks.
j Air.
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
ft. TO.
mi.
6 ft ....
3 00
20ft ...
3 00
5ft ....
dip; e. 1 .
surf. . . .
1 30
83
86
1.02262
(e).
83
SO
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 49° E ..
0.6
83
86
1. 02277
(e).
83
86
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
S. 66° E. . .
.6
dyn . *. _
4-25fi. .
3 00
dyn .
6-25 ft. .
3 00
20 ft ...
3 00
8 hauls.
12 ft ...
1 30
* .
5-30 ft..
4 00
5 ft ....
2 00
5 hauls.
84
84
1.02587
int. 5 .
surface.
20
S. 67° 30'
.3
W.
84.5
S')
49 3
1.02489
1.02484
84
85
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 6° W...
1.0
85
s')
51. 4
1.02484
1.02484
85
83
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 14° W..
2.2
1 00
8— 15ft ..
4 00
5— 10ft . .
3 00
5 hauls; many
stinging medu-
s
5-15 ft..
2 00
1 02463
(e).
85
1. 02448
85
83
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 29° E..
.4
85
83
1. 02448
20
N .
.5
85
83
K2, K5t .
surface.
15
N .
.4
59395°— 11 - 13
38
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
Off eastern Mindoro— Cont’d.
1908.
fms.
D. 5263
C. S. 4714;
8.17 p. m.
miles (12 6 38' 30" N.j 121°
June, 1906.
37' 30" E.).
8.00 p. m.
17
S .
Verde Id. Passage and Ba-
tangas Bay.b
D. 5264
Malabrigo Lt. , N. 86° 30' E.,
C. S. 4240;
June 6
8.19 a. m.
181
S., P .
7.30 miles (13° 35' 30" N.,
Feb., 1907.
121° 08' E.).
8.38 a. m.
181
S., P .
D. 5265
Matocot Pt. , Luzon, S. 17°
. do .
. . .do -
■10.49 a. m.
135
S., M .
E., 3.30 miles (13° 41' 15"
N., 120° 00' 50" E.).
11.09 a. m.
135
S., M .
D. 5266
Matocot Pt., S. 22° E., 7
C. S., 4240;
June 8
9.08 a. m.
100
M .
miles (13° 44' 36" N., 120°
Feb., 1907.
59' 15" E.).
9.18 a. m.
100
M .
D. 5267
Matocot Pt., S., 39° E., 5.50
. do .
. . .do -
10.08 a. m.
170
P.,S.,Sh .
miles (13° 42' 20" N., 120°
58' 25" E.).
10.25 a. m.
170
P.,S.,Sh .
D. 5268
Matocot Pt., S., 50° E., 5.80
. do .
. . .do _
10.59 a. m.
170
S., P .
miles (13° 42' N., 120° 57'
15" E.).
11.14 a. m.
170
S., P .
D. 5269
Matocot Pt., S., 54° E., 3
. do .
. . .do -
1.08 p. m.
220
fne. S., P .
miles (13° 39' 50" N., 120°
59' 30" E.).
1.34 p. m.
220
fne. S., P .
D. 5270
Escarceo Lt., S. 9° E., 4.25
. do .
. . .do _
3.07 p. m.
235
gy. S., blk. Sp .
miles (13° 35' 45" N., 120°
58' 30" E)
3.27 p. m.
235
13
S.,Co .
beach).
mrgn. Clmps. Co . .
Manila Bay.
C. S. 4240;
8.00 p. m.
4
Feb., 1907.
S .
China Sea. vicinity southern
. .
Luzon.
C. S. 4240;
July 13
Co. unthrifty and
Feb., 1907.
sparse.
S .
Jamelo Cove (E. side), (rf.)..
2.00 p. m.
Co. unthrifty and
sparse.
2.00 p. m.
s .
D. 5271
Corregidor Lt., N. 17° E.,
. do .
July 14
8.08 a. m.
56
s .
20.70 miles (14° 03' N., 120°
27' 45" E.).
8.30 a. m.
56
S .
D. 5272
Corregidor Lt., N. 26° E.,
. do .
. . .do . .
9.32 a. m.
118
M., Sh., co. S .
25.50 miles (14° N. , 120° 22'
30" E.).
10.05 a. m.
118
M., Sh.,co. S .
D. 5273
Corregidor Lt., N. 27° E.,
. do .
. . .do . . .
10.34 a. m.
114
M., Sh., co. S .
27.25 miles (13° 58' 45" N.,
120° 21' 35" E.).
10.47 a. m.
114
M., Sh., co. S .
2.30 p. m.
S., M .
lage).
o On June 5 a shore party went about 4 miles up the Naujan River in boats.
b On June 7 a collecting trip was made up the Batangas River for about 2 miles; several hauls with a
15-foot seine.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
39
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
° F.
4
°F.
83
°F.
int.5;K2,K5§.
h. m.
20
5
1-30
N
mi.
0.5
surface.
84
84
1.024.53
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
84
84
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b. .
botm...
4
S.37° E...
5
Cable parted while
heaving in; trawl
lost with 20 fms.
cable.
87
85
1.02489
89
85
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
botm...
20
N. 46° W..
1.0
83
84
1.02448
84
85
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
botm...
20
N. 86° W . .
1.1
85
1.02448
85
85
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
botm...
20
S. 65° W...
1.3
83
85
1.02433
85
85
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
botm...
20
N. 3° W...
1.0
84
85
1.02417
1.02509
Therm, failed to
register.
85
85
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 18° E...
1.5
85
84
1.02448
Water bottlefailed
to work.
200 fms. dredge
cable out.
80.5
83
(e).
int. 5;K2,K5§.
20
N. 1° W...
1.1
8
45
7ft ....
2 00
5 hauls.
8-20 ft..
4 00
1 00
4 ft ..
8-15 ft..
3 00
*
10ft ...
3 00
7 hauls.
8— 15f t. .
3 00
6ft ....
4 00
83
85
1.02552
First attempt at
sounding re-
83
85
(e).
12' Agz .
botm...
20
S .
.7
83
84
57.4
1.02453
all apparatus
used.
83
84
(e).
12' Agz .
botm...
26
S. 37° E...
.3
83
84
83
84
(e).
30
N. 8° E....
1.7
8ft ....
2 30
4 hauls.
40
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
China Sea, vicinity southern
Luzon — Continued.
1908.
fms.
Tilig Bay (rf. outside village).
C. S. 4240;
July 14
3.00 p. m.
mrgn. rf .
Feb.. 1907.
. .do .
9.00 p. m.
1.15 p. m.
mrgn. Co 7 .
D. 5274
Malavatuan Id. (N.), S. 73°
. do .
July 16
9.18 a. m.
525
gy. M., S .
30' E., 17.50 miles (13° 57'
9.59 a. m.
525
gy- M., S .
30" N., 120° 03' 25" E.).
D. 5275
Malavatuan Id. (N.), S. 71°
. do .
. . .do _
12.51 p. m.
117
fne. S .
E., 10.75 miles (13° 55' 55"
N., 120° 10' 15" E.).
1.05 p. m.
117
fne. S .
H. 4913
Malavatuan Id. (N.), S. 67°
. do .
. . .do. . ...
1.28 p. m.
117
S., Sh., P .
E., 9.30 miles (13° 56' N.,
120° 11' 40" E.).
July 17
D. 5276
Malavatuan Id. (NW.), N.
. do .
. . .do -
8.44 a. m.
18
Sh., P.,S .
61° 30' E., 6.50 miles (13°
49' 15" N., 120° 14' 45" E.).
8.51 a. m.
18
Sh., P., S .
D. 5277
Malavatuan Id. (N.), S. 56°
. do .
. . .do -
10.02 a. m.
80
fne. S .
E.. 8 miles (13° 56' 55" N.,
120° 13' 45" E.).
10.19 a. m.
80
fne. S .
D. 5278
Malavatuan Id. (N.), S. 23°
. do .
. . .do -
11.34 a. m.
102
fne. S., M., Sh .
E., 8.50 miles (14° 00' 10"
N., 120° 17' 15" E.).
11.53 a. m.
102
fne. S.,M.,Sh .
D. 5279
Malavatuan Id. (W.), S. 18°
. do .
. ..do.. . .
1.13 p. m.
117
gn. M .
W , 5.40 miles (13° 57' 30"
*
N., 120° 22' 15" E.).
1.26 p. m.
117
gn. M .
D. 5280
Malavatuan Id. (N.), S. 60°
. do. -
. . .do. . . .
2.42 p. m.
193
gy- s .
W., 6.10 miles (13° 55' 20"
3.05 p. m.
193
gy- s .
N., 120° 25' 55" E.).
D. 5281
Malavatuan Id. (N.), S. 84°
. do .
July 18
10.17 a. m.
201
dk. gy. S .
W., 4.30 miles (13° 52' 45"
10.40 a. m.
201
dk. gy. S .
N., 120° 25' E.).
D. 5282
Malavatuan Id. (N.), S. 84°
. do .
. ..do.. . .
11.21 a. m.
248
dk. gy. S .
W., 6.20 miles (13° 53' N.,
11.44 a. m.
248
dk. gy. S .
120° 26' 45" E.).
D. 5283
Malavatuan Id. (N.), N. 64°
. do .
. ..do.. . .
1.06 p. m.
280
dk. gy. S .
W., 8.75 miles (13° 48' 30"
1.36 p. m.
280
dk. gy. S .
N., 120° 28' 40" E.).
8.45 p. m.
D. 5284
Malavatuan Id. (S.), N. 46°
. do .
July 20
8.07 a. m.
422
gy. M., Glob .
W., 14.25 miles (13° 42' 05"
8.45 a. m.
422
gy. M., Glob .
N., 120° 30' 45" E.).
D. 5285
Malavatuan Id. (S.), N. 45°
. do .
. . .do. . . .
10.05 a. m.
272
sft. M .
W., 17.50 miles (13° 39' 36"
10.33 a. m.
272
sft. M .
N., 120° 32' 55" E.).
H. 4914
Malavatuan Id. (S.), N. 42°
. do .
...do.. . .
11.35 a. m.
464
gy- m., s .
W., 18.70 miles (13° 38'05"
N., 120° 33' E.).
D. 5286
Malavatuan Id. (S.), N. 45°
. do .
...do _
12.31 p. m.
450
gy- s., m .
W., 19.50 miles (13° 38' 15"
1.09 p. m.
450
gy- s., m .
N., 120° 34' 20" E.).
D. 5287
Sombrero Id., N. 68° E.,
. do .
...do.. . .
2.30 p. m.
379
gy- s .
11.25 miles (13° 37' 40" N.,
2.58 p. m.
379
gy- s .
120° 39' E.).
staghorn Clmps., S .
D. 5288
Matocot Pt., Luzon, S. 20°
. do .
July 22
8.14 a. m.
*140
S., M* .
E., 5.70 miles (13° 43' 30"
N., 121° E.).
D.5289
Matocot Pt., S. 42° E., • 5
. do .
. ..do _
9.03 a. m.
172
brk. Sh., S .
miles (13° 41' 50" N., 120°
58' 30" E.).
•
9.25 a. m.
172
brk. Sh., S .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
41
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
80
80
82.5
83
81.5
82
84
84.5
85
82
82
84
58.6
59.6
49.6
50.4
47.4
46.8
42.3
46.5
46.5
42.5
43.4
Density.
Sur¬
face.
1.02497
1.02442
1.02457
1. 02422
1. 02402
1. 02437
1.02417
1. 02437
1.02497
1. 02473
1. 02503
1. 02433
Bot¬
tom.
1. 02517
1. 02538
1. 02517
1. 02517
1. 02566
1. 02421
1. 02556
1. 02521
1. 02477
1. 02497
1. 02359
Trial.
Drift.
Apparatus.
Depth.
dyn.
dip; e. 1 .
dyn .
dyn .
Luc. sdr. (a).
12' Agz .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
dyn .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b .
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr.-Blish sdr.
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
Luc. sdr. (a). .
12' Agz.; m. b.
Luc. sdr. (a)..
12' Agz.; m. b
Luc. sdr. (a).
12' Agz.; m. b
Luc. sdr. (a).
12' Agz.; m. b
dip; e. 1 .
Luc. sdr. (a).
12' Agz.; m. b
Luc. sdr. (a).
12' Agz.; m. b
Luc. sdr. (a).
Luc. sdr. (a). .
12' Agz.; m. b.
Luc. sdr. (a),
int. 5 § .
dip.; e. 1.
K2; K5. .
dyn. . _ .
int. 5 §.
Tnr.-Blishsdr
(e).
12' Agz.; m. b.
15ft ...
surface.
12-20ft.
15 ft .
botm.
botm.
6-12 ft
botm.
botm.
botm.
botm..
botm..
botm..
botm..
botm. .
surface
botm..
botm..
botm. .
310 fms
surface
surface
12-20 ft
115 fms
botm...
Dura¬
tion.
3 00
1 00
2 00
4 15
20
2 00
20
24
2 15
Direction.
N. 63° E...
N. 84° E...
N. 22° W.
S. 70° E..
S. 80° E..
N. 60° E..
N. 38° E.
N. 86° E.
N. 85° E.
S. 83° E..
S. 24° E.
S. 21° e!
N. 78° E.
S. 73° E...
N 76° W . .
S. 52° E.
1.7
1.5
.8
Remarks.
6 shots.
2 shots.
10 shots.
Terminal sound¬
ing of D. 5275.
7 shots.
Net badly torn.
Belly of net car¬
ried away by
weight of mud
when hoisted
from water.
Net torn; 1 bridle
stop carried away
Sounding cup lost.
Net wrecked.
550 fms. dredge
cable out.
Towed from row
boat.
9 shots.
200 fms. dredge
cable out.
42
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
China Sea, vicinity southern
-
Luzon — Continued.
1908.
fms.
D. 5290
Matocot Pt., S. 50° E., 3.10
C. S. 4240;
July 22
10.54 a. m.
*214
Lav., G .
miles (13° 40' 09" N., 120°
Feb., 1907.
59' 30" E.).
,
. . .do.. . .
1.00 p. m.
Vill. (rf.j.
sloping bottom.
Verde Id. (E. side) (rf.) .
...do.. . .
Varadero Bay (anch.) .
Varadero Bay (N. side) (rf.).
July 23
Varadero Bay (beach) .
D. 5291
Escarceo Lt.,’ N. 39° W., 2.20
. do .
. ..do _
1.27 p. rn.
173
fne. bk. S .
miles (13° 29' 40" N., 121°
1.45 p. m.
173
fne. bk. S .
00' 45" E.).
D. 5292
Escarceo Lt., N. 30° W., 3.25
. do .
...do _
2.23 p. m.
162
fne. bk. S .
miles (13° 28' 45" N., 121°
2.37 p. m.
162
fne. bk. S .
01' 12" E.).
D. 5293
Escarceo Lt., N. 59° W., 6
. do .
. . .do _
3.42 p. m.
180
fne. bk. S .
miles (13° 28' 15" N., 121°
3.59 p. m.
ISO
fne. bk. S .
04' 30" E.).
Varadero Bay (fresh-water
July 24
M
stream).
D. 5294
Escarceo Lt., S. 71° W., 2.75
. do .
. . .do _
8.54 a. m.
244
S., P .
miles (13° 32' 15" N., 121°
9.13 a. m.
244
S., P .
02' E.).
D.5295
Escarceo Lt., S 20° W., 2
. do .
. . .do _
10.06 a. m.
231
gy. S .
miles (13° 33'15" N.,121 °E.).
10.26 a. m.
231
gy. S .
D. 5296
Matocot Pt., S. 63° E., 4.50
. do .
. ..do _
12.47 p. m.
*210
M., s* .
miles (13° 40' 09" N., 120°
57' 45" E.).
D. 5297
Matocot Pt., S. 50° E., 5.10
. do .
. ..do _
1.55 p. m.
*198
M., S* .
miles (13° 41' 20" N., 120°
58' E.).
D. 5298
Matocot Pt., S. 38° E., 6.70
. do .
. ..do _
3.09 p. m.
*140
S* .
miles (13° 43' 25" N., 120°
57' 40" E.).
D. 5299
(20° 05' N., 116° 05' E.) .
H. O. 798;
Aug. 8
524
June, 1885.
8.53 a. m.
524
gy- m., s .
D. 5300
(20° 31' N., 115° 49' E.) .
265
2.29 p. m.
265
gy. M., s .
China Sea , vicinity Hongkong.
D. 5301
(20° 37' N., 115° 43' E.) .
H. O. 798;
Aug. 8
5.06 p. m.
208
gy. m., s .
June, 1885.
5.29 p. m.
208
gy. M., S .
D. 5302
(21° 42' N., 114° 50' E.) .
Aug. 9
38
6.51 a. m.
38
sft. gy. M .
D. 5303
(21° 44' N., 114° 48' E.) .
34
bl M
8.27 a. m.
34
bl. M .
D. 5304
(21° 46' N., 114° 47' E.) .
. do .
...do.. . .
9.06 a. m.
*34
bl. M .
D. 5305
(21° 54' N., 114° 46' E.) .
. do .
Oct. 24
8.07 p. m.
*37
sft. gy. M .
Pratas Id. (SW. side, beach) .
Oct. 25
D. 5306
(20° 55' N., 116° 40' E.) .
Oct. 26
170
Co., S
8.35 a. m.
170
Co.; S .
D. 5307
(21° 08' N., 116° 45' E.) .
. . .do. . . .
186
Glob. .
11.04 a. m.
186
Glob .
D. 5308
(21° 54' N., 115° 42' E.) .
62
S , M
6.43 a. m.
62
S., M .
D. 5309
(21° 53' N., 115° 51' E.) .
62
8.32 a. m.
62
gn. M .
8.32 a. m.
62
D. 5310
(21° 33' N., 116° 13' E.) .
100
S., Sh .
12.51 p. m.
100
S., Sh .
D. 5311
(21° 33' N., 116° 15' E.) .
88
1.39 p. m.
88
crs. S., Sh . 1
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
43
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
In
1 Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h. m.
mi.
84
84
1. 02482
1. 02354
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
S. 36° E...
1.3
dyn .
12-25 ft.
1 30
dyn .
12-25 ft.
1 00
dip.; e. 1 .
6 00
dyn. .
6-15 f t. .
4 00
150' seine .
8ft ....
3 00
86
84
51.5
1. 02462
1. 02468
Luc. sdr. (a)..
85
84
20
S. 28° E...
1.0
83
84
52.4
1. 02473
1. 02421
Luc. sdr. (a). .
83
84
12' Agz.; m. b.
20
S 13° E
. 9
84
84
57.4
1. 02457
1. 02510
Luc. sdr. (a)..
84.5
84
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
30
w.
. 8
20' seine .
3 ft ... .
82
83
48.4
1. 02580
1. 02482
Luc. sdr. (a). .
83
83
12' Agz.; m. b.
17
N 86° W
83
84
51.3
1. 02457
1. 02513
Due. sdr. (a). .
83
84
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 59° W .
1.2
84
84
1. 02473
20
S 63° E
1. 2
85
85
1. 02477
botm...
20
S. 69° E.
1.0
83
84
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
10
S. 31° E. .
.5
85.5
83
42.5
1.02396
1. 02538
Luc. sdr. (a). .
83.5
84
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
22
86
85
1.02350
1. 02430
9
Luc. sdr. (a). .
87
85
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
< 20
85
84
50.5
1. 02433
1. 02456
85
84
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
84
83
.
72. 1
1. 02288
(e).
84
83
botm...
15
85
84
71.6
1. 01960
1. 02386
(e).
84
84
botm...
20
85.5
84
botm...
20
79
78
12' Tnr .
20
130' seine .
15 ft . . .
2 00
10-25 ft.
2 00
80
80
51. 4
1. 02489
79.5
80
12' Tnr...'..'...
botm...
20
80
SO
51.6
1. 02434
1.02510
80.5
80
12' Tnr...;....
20
77
77
1. 02461
(e).
77
78
12' Tnr .
botm...
15
78
79
73.3
(e).
79
79
12' Tnr .
20
79
79
K2 .
20
80
80
65 5
(e).
80
80
12' Tnr .
20
81
80
(e).
81
80
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
Remarks.
Sounding failed on
account of too
light lead. Net
slightly torn.
4 shots.
Do.
8 shots.
7 hauls.
6 hauls.
Mud bag torn.
Do.
Ship steered circu¬
lar course.
Therm, failed to
trip.
3 hauls.
3 shots.
Towed from horse
block.
44
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Station
No.
D. 5312
D. 5313
D. 5314
D. 5315
D. 5316
D. 5517
D. 5318
D. 5319
H. 4915
H. 4916
H. 4917
D. 5320
H. 4918
H.4919
H. 4920
D. 5321
D. 5322
D. 5323
D. 5324
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
fins.
140
S., sml. Sh .
140
S., sml. Sh .
150
S .
150
S .
122
S., brk. Sh .
122
S., brk. Sh .
122
S., brk. Sh .
148
S.,Sh .
148
S.,Sh .
159
S.,Sh .
159
S.,Sh .
230
S., sml. Sh .
230
S., sml. Sh .
340
S.,br. C .
340
S., br. C .
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
China Sea, vicinity Hong¬
kong-Continued .
(21° 30' N., 116° 32' E.) .
(21° 30' N., 116° 43' E.) .
(21° 41' N., 116° 46' E.) .
China Sea, vicinity Formosa.
(21° 40' N., 116° 58' E.) .
(21° 39' N., 117° 07' E.) .
(21° 36' N., 117° 27' E.) .
(21° 32' N., 117° 46' E.) .
H. O. 798;
June, 1885.
_ do _
.do _
H. O. 798;
June, 1885.
_ do. . . .
1908.
Nov. Q
. .do _
Nov. 5
.do.
.do.
Nov. 5
..do... .
..do _
..do _
(21° 31' N., 117° 53' E.) .
(21° 23' N., 118° 30' E.) .
(21° 14' N., 119° 02' E.).
.do .
.do .
.do.
, ..do _
Nov. 6
.do.
(21° 06' N., 119° 38' E.) .
(20° 58' N., 120° 03' E.) .
. do _
. do.;...
..do. . .
..do...
(20° 46' N., 120° 52' E.) .
Santo Domingo, Batan Id.
(rf.).
Sabtan Id. (SW. side) (rf.)...
Ibugos Id. (S. end) N. 77°
W., 1 mile (20° 19' 15" N.,
121° 51' E.)
Ibugos Id. (S. end) N. 81°
W., 1.25 miles (20° 19' 15"
N., 121° 51' 20" E.)
Ibugos Id. (S. end) S. 89°
W., 1.25 miles (20° 19' 30"
N., 121° 51' 15" E.)
Ibugos Id. (S. end) S. 84°
W., 1.25 miles (20° 19' 36"
N., 121° 51' 15" E.)
China Sea, vicinity of Batanes.
Ibugos Id. (S. end), N. 0° 30'
W., 12 miles (20° 07' 15"
N., 121° 50' E.).
Ibugos Id. (S. end), N. 15° E
10.50 miles (20° 09' N., 121°
47' E.).
Port San Pio Quinto, Cami-
guin Id. (rf.).
Port San Pio Quinto (beach).
. do .
C. S. 4710;
July, 1905.
. do .
. do .
. . . do _
. do _
. do .
C. S. 4710;
July, 1905.
. do .
C. S. 4711;
May, 1907.
_ do . .
. .do _
Nov. 7
Nov. 8
Nov. 9
. ..do. . . .
...do _
..do _
..do _
Nov. 9
..do .
Nov. 10
...do .
4.05 p. m.
4.27 p. m.
6.20 p. m.
6.45 p. m.
6.05 a. m.
6.25 a. m.
6.25 a. m.
8.21 a. m.
8.42 a. m.
10.37 a. m.
10.57 a. m.
2.05 p. m.
2.31 p. m.
5.03 p. m.
5.32 p. m.
7.23 p. m.
12.11 a. m.
10.15 a. m.
2.25 p. m.
3.18 p. m.
9.32 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
(?>* .
11.18 a. m.
11.23 a. m.
11.25 a. m.
11.42 a. m.
1.39 p. m.
2.12 p. m.
3.19 p. m.
4.10 p. m.
9.30 a. m.
1.30 p. m.
1.30 p. m.
(?)689
1,498
1,758
1,804
1,804
1,220
303
303
564
564
sft. br. M.
gy. M -
sft. M....
Co., Lav .
Co., R .
Co., R .
wh. S., Co., brk.
Sh.
wh. S., Co., brk.
Sh.
wh. S., Co., brk.
Sh.
rky. . .
rky . . .
Co., R
Co., R
S., P.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
45
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
t-i
<
Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
80
° F.
80
°F.
57.5
1. 02461
1. 02482
Luc. sdr. (a). .
h. m.
mi.
81
80
botm...
17
78
80
53.6
1. 02461
1. 02513
Luc. sdr. (a). .
77
80
botm...
15
78
78
59.5
1. 02461
1. 02526
78
79
12' Tnr.; m. b.
K2 .
20
78
79
surface.
20
Towed from horse
block.
79
79
54.4
1. 02500
1. 02506
80
79
12' Tnr.; m.'b.
botm...
20
82
80
53.4
1. 02481
1. 02517
Luc. sdr. (a) . .
82
80
12' Tnr.; m.’b.
botm...
25
Mud bag torn.
82
80
50.6
1. 02474
81
80
botm...
20
81
79
Sounding outfit
lost with 340
fms. wire.
Bridle stop carried
away; net came
up, upside down.
40 fms. dredge ca¬
ble out.
Sounding outfit
lost with 689
fms. wire. May
not have reached
bottom.
Outfit and stray
line lost while
heaving in.
Strong current.
Therm, possibly
tripped at 930
fms.
80
79
12' Tnr.; m. b.
6
79
79
20 fms..
27
79
78
6
79
78
80
80
80
80
36.2
1. 02574
80
80
int.4, 2; K2 §..
500 fms.
20
80
80
36.4
33
10-20 ft.
3 30
8 shots.
10-25 ft.
4 00
9 shots.
10-25 ft.
2 00
2 shots.
(e).
(e).
82
81
82
81
(e).
4
N .
0.2
82
81
botm...
9
N .
.2
Sounding with
hand lead.
81
82
58.4
1. 02558
81
82
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 62° W..
3.2
82
82
40.9
1.02523
1.02533
78
81
12' Tnr.; in. b.
botm...
2
Trawl lost; bridle
12-20 ft.
2 30
and mud bag re¬
covered.
2 shots.
12-25 ft.
3 00
3 shots.
130' seine .
10 ft....
3 00
5 hauls.
46
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the TJ. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
China Sea, vicinity of Batanes—
Continued.
1908.
fms.
C. S. 4711:
fne. S .
at head of bay).
May, 1907.
Port San Pio Quinto (rf.) _
. . .do .
8.30 a. m.
sctrd. Clmps. Co . .
1.30 p. m.
sctrd. Clmps. Co . .
Nov. 12
6.00 a. m.
sctrd. Clmps. Co . .
Off northern Luzon.
D. 5325
Hermanos Id. (N.), N. 86°
C. S. 4711;
Nov. 12
10.45 a. m.
224
gn. M .
E., 16.75 miles (18° 34' 15"
May, 1907.
11.13 a. m.
224
gn. M .
N., 121° 51' 15" E.).
D. 5326
Hermanos Id. (N.), N. 69°
. do .
. . .do .
1.00 p. m.
230
M .
E.,8 miles (18° 32' 30" N.,
1.28 p. m.
230
M .
122° 01' E.).
D. 5327
Hermanos Id. (N.), N. 55°
. do .
. . .do .
2.16 p. m.
198
sft. M., fne. S .
E.,6.80miles(i8°31'30"N.,
122° 03' E.).
2.39 p. m.
198
sft. M., fne. S .
Nov. 13
2.00 p. m.
M., S., grass, etc. .
(beach). o
Nov. 18
8.00 a. m.
M., S., sticks,
leaves.
3.00 p. m.
S., M., grass .
Vicente Islands, Palaui
side (beach).
Palaui Id. (W. side) (rf.) _
sctrd. Co., S .
2.00 p. m.
stream.
D. 5328
Hermanos Id., N. 79° E.,
. do .
Nov. 19
9.23 a. m.
150
bl. M .
28.40 miles (18° 29' 45" N.,
9.44 a. m.
150
bl. M .
121° 39' E.).
D. 5329
Font Id. (W.), N. 28° E.,
. do .
. . .do .
10.58 a. m.
212
bl. M .
24.25 miles (18° 33' N., 121°
11.25 a. m.
212
bl. M .
37' 30" E.).
D . 5330
Font Id. (W.), N. 24° E.,
. do .
.. .do .
1.12 p. m.
178
br. M .
23.30 miles (18° 33' 30" N.,
1.33 p. m.
178
br. M .
121° 39' 15" E.).
Off ivestern Luzon.
D. 5331
Hermana Menor Id. (E.),
C. S. 4712;
Nov. 22
8.12 a. m.
178
S., Sh., M .
N. 13° E., 7.30 miles (15°
Sept., 1904.
8.41 a. m.
178
S.,Sh., M .
36' 45" N., 119° 47' 45" E.).
10.30 a. m.
sctrd. Co., S .
1.30 p. m.
sctrd. Co., S .
7.45 p. m.
Nov. 23
6.00 a. m.
sctrd. Co., S .
8.30 a. m.
S., Co., grass .
Salvador Id.) (beach).
1.30 p. m.
S., M., grass .
bald, (beach).
1.30 p. m.
sctrd. Co .
Mindoro Strait.
Paluan Bay, Pantocomi Pt..
C. S. 4345;
Dec. 11
Feb., 1905.
S., P .
M .
2.00 p. m.
.
M., sticks, leaves..
3.00 p. m.
M .
lugao River.
Paluan Bav,anch.“ .
. . .do —
7.00 p. m.
a On November 14 a party went up Palaui River about 3 or 4 miles, in prahm, sei&ing with 25-foot and
45-foot seines at intervals along entire distance.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
47
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
° F.
°F.
°F.
5ft ...
h.
3
771.
00
mi.
7 hauls.
12 hauls in small
stream.
10 hauls in small
stream.
4 shots.
'
25' seine .
3ft .
i
30
45' seine .
3 ft .
i
30
12-20 ft.
3
30
12-20 ft
4
00
>
dyn .
12-25 ft.
i
00
2 shots.
81
82
53.2
1. 02491
1.02525
Luc. sdr.(a). . .
81
82
12' Tnr.; m. b.
Luc. sdr.(a). . .
botm...
19
S. 50° E...
1.0
82
81
55.4
1. 02437
1.02496
81
81
12' Tnr.; in. b.
Luc. sdr.(a)...
botm...
20
S. 60° E...
2.0
82
82
(?)
1.02434
1.02468
Therm, failed to
trip.
81
81
20
5 ft .
3
00
7 hauls.
Do.
4 hauls.
7 shots in a. m.;
several in p. m.
3 hauls.
5 ft .
4
00
2-4 ft...
i
30
10-20 ft.
5
00
2
00
78
79
53.9
1. 02464
1. 02513
78
78
12' Tnr.; m'. b.
Luc. sdr.(a). . .
botm...
20
N. 52° W. .
1.2
79
78
51.4
1. 02492
1.02593
79
78
12' Tnr.; in', b.
botm...
10
N. 50° W..
2.2
78
78
53.4
1. 02516
1. 02523
78
78
12' Tnr.; m. b.
20
(?)
(?)
80.5
80
54.7
1. 02422
1. 02496
V
80.5
80
12' Tnr.; m. b.
20
S. 49° E...
2.0
10-20 ft.
1
30
3 shots.
10-20 ft.
3
30
1
30
2 dynamite caps
exploded at gang¬
way.
8 shots.
10-30 ft.
5
00
4-10 ft..
3
00
7 hauls.
2-4ft. . .
0[
00
4 hauls.
8-20 ft..
2
00
4 shots.
10-20 ft.
4
15
4 shots.
8 ft .
3
00
10 hauls.
2ft .
2
00
Do.
5ft .
2
30
5 hauls.
3 ft .
30
4 hauls.
dip; e. 1 .
surface.
1
30
48
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records op the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Mindoro Strait— Continued.
Sablayan Bay, near Sabla-
C. S. 4345;
1908.
Dec. 12
10.00 a. m.
D. 5332
yan.
Apo Lt., S. 66° W„ 18.2 miles
Feb., 1905.
C. S. 4714;
. . .do _
10.39 a. m.
H. 4921
(12° 47' 15" N., 120° 41' E.).
Apo Lt., S. 65° W., 19.4 miles.
June, 1906.
. do .
. . .do _
11.50 a. m.
1.50 p. m.
Sablayan Bay, Sablayan Pt. .
C. S. 4345;
.. .do _
3.30 p. m.
Feb., 1905.
. . .do _
7.00 p. m.
10.00 a. m.
Sablayan Bay, Sablayan Pt. .
. do .
Dec. 13
Sablayan Bay, Pandan Id...
. do .
. . .do _
10.00 a. m.
Sablayan Bay, Bagaong
River.
. . .do _
9.00 p. m.
7.40 a. m.
D. 5333
Apo Lt., N. 45° W., 19 miles
C. S. 4714;
Dec. 14
D. 5334
(12° 26' 30" N., 120° 37' 45"
E.).
Apo Lt., N. 44° W., 19.7 miles
June, 1906.
. do .
. . .do _
8.26 a. m.
9.18 a. m.
(12° 25' 40" N., 120° 38' E.).
Tara Id., west...: .
9.58 a. m.
10.17 a. m.
3.00 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
Tara Id., bayou near village. .
. do .
. . .do _
7.30 a. m.
Tara Id., beach near village. .
Busuanga Id.
. . .do _
C. S. 4714;
June. 1906.
. do .
2.00 p. m.
2.00 p. m.
Port Caltom, beach near vil-
. . .do _
lage.
Port Caltom, anch .
7.00 p. m.
Port Caltom, Pangauran
River.
Dec. 16
C. S. 4345;
Feb., 1905.
. do .
Dec. 17
1.00 p. m.
2.00 p. m.
Port Uson, Mayanpayan Id. .
. . .do _
8.00 p. m.
12.22 p.'m.
D. 5335
Linapacan Strait.
Observatory Id. (N.), S. 55°
/
C. S. 4716;
Dec. 18
D. 5336
W., 10.7 miles (11° 37' 15"
N., 119° 48' 45" E.).
Observatory Id. (N.), S. 42°
Jan., 1903.
. do .
. . .do _
12.43 p. m.
1.16 p. m.
W., 9 miles (11° 37' 45" N.,
119° 46' E.).
Linapacan Id., Malcochin
. do .
. . .do _
1.26 p. m.
3.30 p. m.
Harbor.
Linapacan Id., Malcochin
Harbor, anch.
Linapacan Id., Malcochin
Harbor, beach.
Linapacan Id., Malcochin
. . .do _
8.00 p. m.
. do .
. . .do _
8.00 a. m.
Harbor reef.
Observatory Id., west beach.
. do .
. . .do _
2.30 p. m.
Observatory Id., west .
. do .
.. .do _
2.30 p. m.
D. 5337
Palawan Passage.
Observatory Id. (N.), S. 80°
C. S. 4716;
Dec. 20
7.31 a. m.
E., 13.8 miles (11° 34' N.,
119° 26' E.).
Observatory Id. (N)., S.82°
E., 15 miles (11° 33' 45" N.,
119° 24' 45" E.).
Cauayan Id. (N.), S. 37° E.,
Jan., 1903.
7.40 a. m.
D. 5338
. do .
. . .do _
8.04 a. m.
H. 4922
. do .
. . .do _
8.12 a. m.
8.15 a. m.
10.01 a. m.
D. 5339
11.5 miles (11° 25' 45" N.,
119° 14' E.).
Cauayan Id. (N.), S. 59° E.,
. do .
. . .do _
10.32 a. m.
10 miles (11° 22' N., 119°
12' E.).
North Guntao Id .
. do .
.. .do _
10.43 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
fms.
Co .
745
gn. M .
584
gy. M., crs. S .
Co .
1
310
S .
612
sft. M .
sctrd. Co .
S., Co., W .
sctrd. Co .
46
S., M .
46
S., M .
S., W„ Co .
S. Co .
S., Co., W .
43
fne. Co., S., M _
43
Co., S„ M .
21
52
Co., S., Sh .
M .
Co.. S .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
49
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910— Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
j Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h.
771.
mi.
6-12 ft..
4
30
9 shots.
84
81
38.2
1.02385
1.02548
Luc. sdr. (a). .
82
81
20
83
82
40.2
1.02401
1.02535
Luc. sdr. (a). .
i
30
4 shots.
i
30
2
00
phate.
pools.
6-9 ft...
2
00
5 shots.
6
00
1
00
79
80
73.8
1.02406
1.02543
Luc. sdr. (a).. .
81
80
22
81
80
43.2
1.02385
■1.02516
Luc. sdr. (a)...
K. 2 .
i
02
82
80
12' Agz.; m. b.
7
S 60° W
2.0
bag lost.
10-20ft.
9
00
3 shots.
1
00'
10-20ft.
4
00
3 ft .
1
30
2ft ... .
1
30
10-20 ft.
3
00
4ft .
3
00
1
30
9
00
10 shots.
4
00
10-20ft.
2
30
1
00
82
80
trip.
83
81
17
N. 77° W. .
1.2
83
81
6
N. 80° W..
1.2
3ft .
1
30
1
00
3 ft .
4
00
10-20 ft.
4
00
4ft .
2
30
6 hauls.
15ft....
81
80
1.02427
No therm, used.
9
S. 82° W..
i.o
81
so
Do.
81
80
botm...
20
N. 70° W . .
1.3
K. 2 .
20
Do.
83
SI
1.02406
84
81
botm...
20
S. 68° W . .
2.2
24-30ft.
2
30
7 shots.
50
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Station
No.
D. 5340
D. 5341
D. 5342
D. 5343
D. 5344
D. 5345
D. 5346
D. 5347
H. 4923
H. 4924
H. 4925
D. 5348
D. 5349
D. 5350
Dredging and Hydrographic Records op the U. S. Fisheries
Position.
Malampaya Sound, Palawan
Id.
Bolalo Bay, anch .
Bolalo Bay, flatsmear shore. .
Bolalo Bay, mouth of bay . . .
Bolalo Bay, head of bay .
Bolalo Bay, anch .
Bolalo Bay, near anch .
Cone Id., N. 2° E., 1.5 miles
(10° 55' 51" N., 119° 14' 12"
E.).
Endeavor Strait, near Relin¬
quish Head.
Endeavor Strait, Chase Head.
Endeavor Strait, Limunan-
cong.
Endeavor Strait, Relinquish
Head to Nalinbungan Pt.
Endeavor Pt. (W.), S. 18°
E., 1.2 miles (10° 57' 51" N.,
119° 17' 26" E.).
Endeavor Pt. (S.), S. 58° E.,
0.5 miles (10° 56' 55" N.,
119° 17' 24" E.).
Endeavor Strait, anch. bet.
Bando and Endeavor
points.
Endeavor Strait, anch. bet.
Bando and Endeavor
points.
Malapina Id., N. W .
Inner Sound, near Pancol....
Clifl Id., S. 22° E., 5.2 miles
(10° 51' 35" N., 119° 23' 24"
E )
Clifl Id., S. 34° E„ 4.7 miles
(10° 50' 40" N., 119° 22' 32"
E.).
Inner Sound, Malampaya
River.
Clifl Id., S. 43° E., 4.4 miles
(10° 50' N., 119° 22' 03" E.).
Clifl Id., S. 37° E., 4.6 miles
(10° 50' 30" N., 119° 22' 20"
Clifl M., S. 26° E„ 4.5 miles
(10° 50' 44" N., 119° 23' 09"
E.).
Palawan Passage.
Pt. Tabonan, S. 87° E., 11.4
miles (10° 57' 15" N., 119°
1' E.).
Pt. Tabonan, East, 16.3 miles
(10° 57' N„ 118° 55' 45" E.).
Pt. Tabonan, S. 87° E., 24.3
miles (10° 58' 15" N., 118°
47' 15" E.).
Pt. Tabonan, S. 89° E., 33.5
miles (10° 57' 45" N., 118°
38' 15" E.).
Pt. Tabonan, N. 85° E., 45.2
miles (10° 54' N., 118° 26'
20" E.).
Pt. Tabonan, N. 76° E., 43.7
miles (10° 46' 40" N., 118°
29' E.).
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
1908.
fms.
C. S. 4349;
Dec. 20
8.30 p. m.
Aug., 1908.
Dec. 21
S., Co., W..
. do .
. . .do _
8.00 a. m.
Co., W .
. . .do _
. . .do _
. . .do _
9.00 p. m.
Dec. 22
19-24
. . .do _
Co., S .
S .
Dec. 23
Co., S .
. do .
. . .do _
2.03 p. m.
19-22
gy. m .
. do .
.. .do _
14-25
gy- m .
. . .do _
Dec. 24
8.00 a. m.
Co., s., w .
S., R.....
. do .
Dec. 26
7.46 a. m.
*5
M .
6
M .
sft. M. .. .
7
M .
. do .
.. .do _
10.18 a. m.
*7
M .
5
M .
C. S. 4716;
Dec. 27
6.32 a. m.
51
Co., S .
Jan., 1903.
. do .
. . .do _
7.10 a. m.
62
s .
. do .
. . .do _
8.05 a. m.
184
fne. Co., S .
. do .
. . .do _
9.28 a. m.
375
Co., S .
. do .
. . .do _
12.41 p. m.
730
Co., S .
. do .
. . .do _
4.10 p. m.
515
gy- M .
5.14 p. m.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
51
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Remarks.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
li. m.
mi.
1 00
2-4 ft...
3 30
6-9 ft...
3 30
4 00
3 shots.
1 00
K2, K5 .
20
Tow’d from wherry.
81
80
17-22
20
N.3°W...
0.4
fins.
i
2 00
9-12 ft...
2 00
5ft .
2 00
13 hauls.
seines.
18-20 ft.
0 00
S3
82
83
82
15
S. 2° E
JJ
83
82
83
82
9' Tnr .
19
S. 25° W . .
. 7
K2; 2' o. p -
20
launch.
1 30
3 30
4 00
80
81
6' McC .
15
S. 78° W..
. 4
81
81
0' McC .
26
S. 18° W..
.7
3—6 ft . . .
6 00
80
81
9' Tnr .
20
N. 47° W..
.6
81
80
9' Tnr .
10
S. 72° E...
1.0
81
81
9' Tnr .
io
N. 36° E. .
.5
82
81
56.4
1.02422
1.02576
82
81
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
N. 80° W . .
1.5
No land in sight;
latitude and
longitude ap-
proximate.
40.6
1.02406
1.02564
83
81
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
S. 80° W . .
1. 5
Do.
1. 02381
1.02523
82
80
12' Tnr.; m. b.
botm...
20
S. 85° W . .
3.0
Do.
52
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
D. 5351
D. 5352
D. 5353
D. 5354
D. 5355
D. 5356
D. 5357
D. 5358
Position.
Palawan Passage— Cont’d.
Pt. Tabonan, N. 62° E., 47
miles (10° 35' N., 118° 30'
E.).
TJlugan Bay, Palawan Id.
Oyster Inlet .
Baheli River to W ood Pt. . . .
Magsiapo Reef .
Sagumay Pt .
Anchorage (near Tidepole
Pt.).
Rita Id. (W. and S.) . .
Caiholo River .
Tidepole Pt., S. 84° W.,0.4
mile (10° 04' 30" N., 119°
05' E.).
Nakoda Bay, Palawan Id.
Sirinao Id. (SW.) .
Chart.
C. S. 4716;
Jan., 1903,
C. S. 4346;
Aug., 1905.
_ do .
_ do. .
_ do. .
_ do. .
..do. .
. do .
..dol.
River (unnamed), SE. of
Maricaban Id.
Balabac Strait.
Cape Melville Lt., S. 85° E.,
16.8 miles (7° 50' 45" N.,
116° 43' 15" E.).
Cape Melville Lt., N. 85° E.,
16.8 miles (7° 47' 50" N.,
116° 43' 15" E.).
North Balabac Strait.
Caxisigan Id. (W.) .
Port Ciego, Martinez Pt .
Port Ciego, Paz Id .
Candaraman Id. (E.) .
Bugsuk Id. (S.) .
Balabac Lt., S. 61° W., 16.6
miles (8° 08' 10" N., 117°
19' 15" E.).
Balabac Lt., S. 64° W., 15.5
miles (8° 06' 40" N., 117°
18' 45" E.).
Balabac Lt., S. 65° W., 14.3
miles (8° 06' N., 117° 17'
10" E.).
Jolo Sea.
Taganak Id. (SE.) .
Sandakan Lt. , S. 34° W. , 19.7
miles (6° 06' 40" N., 118°
18' 15" E.).
Cagayan de Jolo (S.) .
Cagayan de Jolo, Singuan
Lake.
C. S. 4346;
Aug., 1905
. do .
C. S. 4309;
Nov., 1906
_ do .
C. S. 4347;
Dec., 1905.
_ do _
_ do _
_ do .
C. S. 4309;
Nov., 1906,
_ do .
Date.
1908.
Dec. 27
Dec. 28
..do _
..do _
..do _
..do _
Dec. 29
..do _
Dec. 30
Dec. 30
Dec. 31
1909.
Jan. 1
...do..
Jan.
Jan.
...do.
Jan.
Jan.
...do.
. do .
. do .
C. S. 4720;
Jan., 1904.
_ do .
C. S. 4348;
June, 1905.
. do...
...do .
...do.
Jan.
...do.
Jan.
...do.
Time of
day.
8.43 p. m.
8.53 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
9.30 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
1.00 p. m.
8.30 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
11.00 a. in.
3.00 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
6.33 a. m.
7.10 a. m.
8.33 a. m.
9.55 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
9.00 a. m.
8.30 a. m.
8.00 a. m
9.40 a. m.
9.52 a. m.
10.21 a. m.
10.36 a. m,
11.13 a. m.
11.27 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
7.20 p. m.
7.29 p. m.
8.30 a. m.
9.00 a. m.
3.00 p. m.
Depth.
fms.
50
25
148
Character of
bottom.
Co., S.
S., Co.
M., S., W.
Co .
S.,Co .
S.,Co .
G., bowlders.
M . .
S., W....
M.,S.,G.
58
39
Co., S. .
W.,Co.
W., Co.
S., Co. .
S., Co..
Co., S. .
S., Sh. .
Co., S.
Co., S .
S., Co., W.
M .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
53
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
•
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
sJ
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h.
m.
mi.
81
80
12' Tnr.; in', b.
botm...
2
Net wrecked; lati¬
tude and longi-
t u d e approxi¬
mate.
3
00
12 shots.
2-5 ft...
5
00
30
-
2 shots.
Do.
9
00
i
00
250' seine; dyn.
20-40 ft.
2
00
2 hauls, 6 shots.
3
00
80
81
20
N. 4° E...
0.9
4-10 ft. .
1
2
30
5 hauls.
dyn.; 16'-45'
seine.
10
00
148 fms. sounding
wire lost.
Foggy; latitude
and longitude
approximate.
75
80
9' Tnr.; m. b..
botm...
34
SE .
...
75
80
25
SE .
Do.
15ft....
12ft....
4
00
5 shots.
4
30
6 shots.
.
9-15 ft..
9
30
15 shots.
9-18 ft..
4
00
Do.
Tnr. sdr. (e). . .
32
82
1. 02518
botm...
19
S. 14° W..
1.6
85
82
85
82
6' McC .
botm...
16
S. 50° W_.
1.3
85
82
9' Tnr.; m. b..
botm...
01
N. 45° E..
.6
Net tom.
15ft....
4
00
10 shots.
80
82
12' Agz.; in. b.
botm...
14
N. 56° E. . .
.7
3
00
5 shots.
2-4 ft...
2
30
4 hauls.
dyn .
10-40 ft.
1
00
5 shots.
59395°— 11 - 14
54
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
H. 4926
D. 5359
D. 5360
D. 5361
D. 5362
Position.
D. 5363
D. 5364
D. 5365
D. 5366
Jolo Sea— Continued.
7° 39' N., 120° 04' 45" E..
8° 12' 45" N., 120° 37' 15" E.
Iloilo Strait.
Anilao River, Passi, Pauay. .
Guimaras Id., vicinity of
Buena Vista.
Manila Bay.
Mariveles Bay .
Boca Chica (mouth of North
Channel).
Pucot River (near Mariveles)
Mariveles River .
Mariveles Bay and Pucot
River.
Luzon Point .
Mariveles wharf .
Mariveles Bay (west).
La Monja (Id.) .
Luzon Pt .
Corregidor Lt., N. 74° W..
6.9 miles (14* 21' N., 120°
41' E.).
Lim bones Cove .
_ do .
Corregidor Lt., S. 89° W., 7.2
miles (14° 24' 15" N., 120°
41' 30" E.).
China Sea, off western Luzon.
Cape Santiago Lt., S. 35° E.,
14.6 miles (13° 58' 20" N.,
120° 30' 30" E.).
Pagapas Bay, Luzon. .'. .
Pagapas Bay, Santiago River
Balayan Bay, Luzon.
C. Santiago Lt., S. 79° W.,
4.5 miles (13° 47' 20" N.,
120° 43' 30" E.).
C. Santiago Lt., S. 68° W.,
5.4 miles '(13° 48' 30" N.,
120° 43' 45" E.).
Taal anchorage .
C. Santiago Lt., N. 73° W.,
6.7 miles (13° 44' 24" N.,
120° 45' 30" E.).
Batangas Bay, Luzon.
Escarceo Lt., S. 5° E., 7.7
miles (13° 39' N., 120° 58'
30" E.).
Chart.
Date.
C. S. 4721;
Jan., 1903.
.do .
C. S. 4416;
Dec., 1907.
C. S. 4249;
Apr., 1904.
C. S. 4240;
Feb., 1907.
C. S. 4249;
Apr., 1904.
- do .
_ do .
C. S. 4240;
Feb., 1907.
C. S. 4249;
Apr., 1904.
_ do .
C. S. 4240;
Feb., 1907.
_ do .
_ do .
. . . do .
. . . do .
. ..do.
C. S. 4240;
Feb., 1907
. do .
. do _
C. S. 4240;
Feb., 1907
_ do .
. do _
. do _
C. S. 4240;
Feb., 1907
1909.
Jan.
..do .
Jan. 13
Jan. 14
Jan. 28
Jan. 29
..do _
Jan. 30
...do _
Jan. 31
Feb. 1
...do...-.
Feb. 7
.do.
.do.
Feb. 8
..do .
..do _
Feb. 19
Feb. 20
..do _
Feb. 20
..do _
...do _
Feb. 22
Feb. 22
Time of
day.
12.52 p. m.
3.31 p. m.
1.00 p. m.
a.m.-p.m.
8.00 a. m.
l.tiO p. m.
3.00 p. m.
7.30 a. m.
8.00 a. m.
2.00 p. m.
- a. m.
— — p.m.
7.25 p. m.
- p. m.
- p. m.
8.48 p. m.
3.57 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
8.00 a. m.
9.27 a. m.
2.40 p. m.
7.30 p. m.
9.04 a. m.
1.40 p. m.
Depth.
fms.
460
2, 275
Character of
bottom.
*125
*180
*160
*214
hrd.
sctrd. Co.
Co....
M., G.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
55
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h. m.
mi.
Sounding wire car¬
ried away. Lat¬
itude and longi¬
tude approxi¬
mate.
Sounding wire
lost. Longitude
and latitude ap¬
proximate.
83
82
12-18 ft.
15 shots; 1 day’s
work.
11 hauls; all-day
expedition.
20-30ft.
4—10 ft . .
4 00
25' and 130'
3.0
went adrift.
All-day expedi¬
tion.'
Half-day expedi¬
tion.
13 shots.
seines; dyn.
2 00
10 00
2 00
3 shots.
botm...
1 00
N. 48° E...
1.3
15-20 ft.
2 66
5 shots.
76
78
9 08
N. 29° E...
12.0
3-bd. int. tr. . .
60 fms . .
12
N. 58° W..
1.0
15ft....
6 00
4 ft .
3 00
5 hauls.
25' Agz .
1 15
N. 25° E...
3.0
43
N. 45° E...
2.8
1 30
36
N. 10° W. .
3.0
80
79
3-bd. int. tr. . .
150 fms.
20
N. 6° E...
2.5
56
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
Verde Island Passage.
1909.
fms.
D. 5367
Malabrigo Lt., N. 81° E., 8
miles (13° 34' 37" N., 121°
C. S. 4240;
Feb. 22
5.10 p. m.
*180
S.* _
Feb., 1907.
07' 30" E.).
Marinduque Id. and vicinity.
Port Banalacan, Marinduque
C. S. 4453;
Feb. 23
7.30 a. m.
Co., S .
D. 5368
July, 1904.
C. S.4714. ..
181
Tayabas Lt. (outer), N. 32°
W., 21.8 miles (13° 35' 30"
N., 121° 48' E.).
...do .
2.08 p. m.
2.45 p. m.
June, 1906.
Capulaan Bay, Pagbilao,
Chica Id.
. do .
Feb. 24
7.00 a. m.
Co .
Tayabas River (3 branches). .
. . .do .
D. 5369
Tayabas Lt. (outer), N. 50°
W., 8.8 miles (13° 48' N.,
121° 43' E.).
C. S. 4267;
. . .do _
8.04 a. m.
106
bk. S .
Aug., 1907.
8.30 a. m.
D. 5370
Tayabas Lt. (outer), N. 32°
W., 11.6 miles (13° 44' 15"
N., 121° 42' 30" E.).
C. S. 4714;
June, 1906.
. . .do _
159
9.58 a. m.
D. 5371
Tayabas Lt. (outer), N. 43°
W., 6 miles (13° 49' 40" N.,
C. S. 4267;
Aug., 1907.
. . .do _
2.32 p. m.
*83
gn. M. (m. b.) .
121° 40' 15" E.).
D. 5372
Tabayas Lt. (outer), N. 3°
. do .
. . .do _
3.42 p. m.
*150
gn. M. (m. b.) .
W., 4.5 miles (13° 49' 12"
N., 121° 36' 09" E.).
Tayabas Bay, Lucena an¬
chorage.
8.00 p. m.
D. 5373
Tayabas Lt. (outer), N. 20°
E., 15 miles (13° 40' N.,
121° 31' 10" E.).
C. S. 4714;
June, 1906.
Mar. 2
338
sft. M .
10.15 a. m.
D. 5374
Tayabas Lt. (outer), N. 9°
. do .
... do _
11.57 a. m.
*190
gy. M. (m. b.) - ,
E., 7.4 miles (13° 46' 45"
N., 121° 35' 08" E.).
D. 5375
Tayabas Lt. (outer), N. 49°
W., 18.2 miles (13° 42' 15"
N., 121° 50' 15" E.).
. do .
. . .do _
3.05 p. m.
3.25 p. m.
107
D. 5376
Tayabas Lt. (outer), N. 53°
. do .
. . .do _
4.19 p. m.
*90
gy. M., S. (m.b.)..
W., 18.7 miles (13° 42' 50"
N., 121° 51' 30" E.).
Co .
Co., S .
D. 5377
Mompog Id. (E.), N. 55° W.,
9 miles (13° 26' N.,122° 19'
E.).
C. S. 4715;
Apr., 1907.
\
Mar. 4
7.09 a. m.
8.03 a. m.
400
sft. gn. M .
D. 5378
Mompog Id. (E.), N. 38° W.,
17 miles (13° 17' 45" N.,
122° 22' E.).
. do .
. . .do _
10.02 a. m.
10.40 a. m.
395
sft. gn. M .
H. 4927
. do .
. . .do _
730
Mompog Id. (E.), N. 37° W.,
25.6 miles (13° 10' 35" N.,
1.06 p. m.
D. 5379
122° 27' 30" E.).
Mompog Id. (E.), N. 30° W..
37 miles (12° 59' 15" N.,
122° 30' 40" E.).
. do .
.. .do _
2.46 p. m.
4.02 p. m.
920
D. 5380
. do .
. . .do _
Mompog Id. (E.), N. 31° W.,
33 miles (13° 02' 45" N.,
7.26 p. m.
122° 29' E.).
Burias Id.
C. S. 4715;
Apr., 1907.
Mar. 5
8.00 a. m.
Co .
Alimango River .
Ragay Gulf, Luzon.
. do .
. . .do _
9.00 a. m.
S., M . ...
Co .
C. S. 4715;
Apr., 1907.
Mar. 6
9.00 a. m.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
57
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
| Surface.
| Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
83
°F.
80
°F.
botm...
h. m.
26
N. 63° E...
mi.
0 9
Rear beam bro¬
ken and iron
frame twisted-.
12-24 ft.
8 shots.
87
82
12' Agz.; in. b.
dyn .
botm...
37
N. 22° W. .
6.0
4 00
sml. seines;
dyn.
All-day expedition
by 3 parties.
80
79
12' Agz.; m. b.
Luc. sdr. (a).. .
botm...
20
S. 9° W . . .
1. 7
54.3
80
80
12' Agz.; in. b.
12' Agz.; m. b.
12' Agz.; m. b.
dip; e. 1 .
20
S. 31° W..
3.3
83
80
22
S. 87° W..
. 9
82
81
21
S. 74° E...
1. 5
suriace .
1 00
82
80
51.8
1.02550
Luc. sdr. (a).. .
81
80
20
N. 32° E
4.5
82
80
12' Tnr.; m.b.
Tnr. sdr. (e). . .
botm...
33
N. 29° E..
2.0
82
80
12' Agz.; in. b.
12' Agz.; m. b.
20
N. 39° W
1.5
82
80
’ 22
N. 11° W..
1. 5
Net torn in two
places near
mouth.
10-20 ft.
1 00
12-18 ft.
6 00
15 shots.
49.6
Liic. sdr. (a).. .
79
80
12' Agz.; in. b.
Luc. sdr. (a) .
botm...
13
S. 31° E...
2.5
Net completely
wrecked.
50.4
80
80
12' Agz.; m. b.
Luc. sdr. (a)...
botm...
20
S. 40° E...
3.5
85
81
50.4
pieces recovered.
50.5
1.02443
Luc. sdr. (a)...
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
30
N. 43° W..
5.3
83
81
82
81
int. 4 .
ing out.
12-24 ft.
9 00
130' seine; dyn.
4ft .
3 00
l-2-30ft.
5 00
20 hauls.
58
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
D. 5381
Ragay Gulf, Luzon— Cont’d.
Arena Pt. (Luzon). S. 68°
C. S. 4715;
1909.
Mar. 6
9.15 a. m.
D. 5382
W., 2.8 miles (13° 14' 15"
N., 122° 44' 45" E.).
Arena Pt. (Luzon), S. 55°
Apr., 1907.
. do .
. . .do _
9.35 a. m.
10.02 a. m.
W., 3.8 miles (13° 15' 20"
N., 122° 45' 30" E.).
Burias Id.
C. S. 4454;
10.23 a. m.
8.00 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
May, 1906.
. do .
Mar. 7
. do .
6.00 a. m.
. do .
. . .do _
8.00 a. m.
D. 5383
Arena Pt. (Luzon), S. 66°
C. S. 4715;
. . .do _
3.08 p. m.
D. 5384
W., 22 miles (13° 22' N.,
123° 02' 30" E.).
Arena Pt. (Luzon), S. 64°
Apr., 1907.
. do .
. . .do _
3.35 p. m.
4.03 p. m.
W., 20.7 miles (13° 22' 15"
N., 123° 01' 15" E.).
C. S. 4454;
. . .do _
4.32 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
Ragay Gulf, Luzon.
Refugio Id. , Pasacao Anchor-
May, 1906.
C. S. 4454;
Mar. 9
D. 5385
age.
Arena Pt. (Luzon), S. 61°
May, 1906.
C. S.4715. ..
. . .do _
9.22 a. m.
W., 23.7 miles (13° 24' 50"
N., 123° 03' 70" E.).
Galvaney Id. (near Caima
Bay).
Arena Pt. (Luzon), S. 5° W.,
Apr., 1907.
. do .
. . .do _
9.54 a. m.
3.00 p. m.
D. 5386
. do .
. . .do _
3.25 p. m.
25.3 miles (13° 38' 30" N.,
122° 44' 30" E.).
. do .
. . .do _
3.55 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
7.30 a. m.
. do .
Mar. 10
Ragay Bay .
. do .
. . .do _
7.30 a. m.
Between Burias and Luzon.
C. S. 4715;
Mar. 11
8.00 a. m.
D. 5387
Bagatao Id. Lt. (outer), S.
Apr., 1907.
. do .
.. .do _
1 06 p. m.
D. 5388
80° E., 27 miles (12° 54' 40"
N., 123° 20' 30" E.).
Bagatao Id. Lt. (outer), S.
. do .
.. .do _
1.42 p. m.
2.51 p. in.
86° E., 21 miles (12° 51' 30"
N., 123° 26' 15" E.).
. do .
. . .do _
3.27 p. m.
7.15 p. m.
1.46 p. m.
D. 5389
Between Ticao Id. and Luzon.
Bagatao Id. Lt. (outer), N.
C. S. 4219;
Mar. 12
D. 53C0
3° W., 14 miles (12° 35' 45"
N., 123° 48' 18" E.).
Bagatao Id. Lt. (outer), N.
Dec., 1904.
. do .
. . .do _
2.56 p. m.
12° W., 19 miles (12° 30' 54"
N., 123° 51' 30" E.).
Between Samar and Maslate.
Escarpadald., Bagacay Bay.
C. S. 4220;
Mar. 13
6.00 a. m.
Destacado Id., Lode Bav -
May, 1907.
. do .
. . .do _
8.00 a. m.
D. 5391
Tubig Pt. (Destacado Id.),
. do .
. . .do _
9.07 a. m.
D. 5392
N. 31° E., 3 miles (12° 13'
15" N., 124° 05' 03" E.).
Tubig Pt. , N. 49° E. , 5 miles
(12s 12' 35" N., 124° 02' 48"
E.).
. do .
. . .do. . . .
9.54 a. m.
10.10 a. m.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
fms.
88
128
M .
Co .
Co .
127
220
R .
327
Co .
287
S .
Co., S .
209
Co., S .
soft gn. M .
226
soft gn. M .
*109-80
*54
S.* .
Co. , S .
R., Co .
*118
135
gn. M., S .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
59
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910— Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
•Jiy 1
CD
Q
cZ
5
E
o
o
CQ
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
<D
O
C3
5
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
"F,
Tnr. sdr. (e). . .
h.
m.
mi.
82
80
12' Agz.; m. b.
Tnr. sdr. (e). . .
botm...
15
N. 13° E..
1.3
83
79
12' Agz.; mi. b.
2 gill nets .
15
N. 18° E..
1.5
Hauled 6 a. m. on
8th.
4 shotsv
9 shots.
Beach and tide
pools.
dyn .
10-18 ft.
2
30
dyn .
10-20ft.
5
00
copper sul¬
phate.
Luc. sdr. (a).. .
2
00
62.5
84
80
1.02293
12' Agz.; m. b.
Luc. sdr. (a)...
botm...
20
N. 70° W..
1.3
62.4
84
80
12' Agz.; m. b.
dip; e. 1 .
botm...
25
N. 74° W..
2.7
1
00
dyn .
12-30 ft.
4
00
12 shots.
62.4
Luc. sdr. (a)...
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
13
N. 47° W..
1.6
82
78
dyn .
10-25ft.
9
00
7 shots.
62.4
Luc. sdr. (a)...
83
82
1.02487
12' Agz.; m. b.
dip; e. 1 .
botm...
8
N. 30° E . .
1.3
Net badly torn.
surface .
l
00
16A30 seines;
3-5 ft . .
2
30
Half-day trip.
dyn.
dyn .
4-20 ft..
4
00
dyn .
4-30 ft..
3
30
8 shots.
52.4
Luc. sdr. (a)...
85
79
1.02503
12' Agz.; in. b.
K2 .
botm...
20
N. 44° E. .
.8
surface .
20
N. 44° E . .
.8
51.4
84
78
12' Agz.; m. b.
K2 .
botm...
26
N. 67° E..
1.5
26
N. 67° E. .
1.5
dip; e. 1 .
surface .
45
78
78
3-bd. int. tr. . .
40 - 55
17
N. 79° E..
1.6
fms.
79
78
3-bd. int. tr.. .
50 fms..
26
N. 58° E..
1.5
5-30 ft..
1
00
2 shots.
18ft....
4
00
7 shots.
77
77
12' Agz.; m. b.
K2 .
botm...
20
S. 88° W . .
1.3
10ft....
20
S. 88° W . .
1.3
78
77
12' Agz.; in. b.
botm...
5
S. 36° W..
.5
Net slightly torn.
60
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Between Samar and Masbate —
Continued.
D. 5393
D. 5394
D. 5395
D. 5396
D. 5397
D. 5398
D. 5399
D. 5400
D. 5401
D. 5402
i5.'5463
D. 5404
D. 5405
D. 5406
Panganalan Pt., Talajit Id.,
S. 59° E., 14.8 miles (12°
03' 30" N., 124° 03' 36"E.).
Panalangan Pt., Talajit Id.,
S. 68° E., 8.1 miles (12° 00'
30" N., 124° 05' 36" E.).
Masbate Island.
Port Cataingan .
Between Samar and Masbate.
Buang B., Talajit Id .
Panalangan Pt., Talajit Id.,
S. 81° E., 2.9 miles (11° 56'
40" N., 124° 14' E.).
Panalangan Pt., Talajit Id.,
S. 78° E., 4.5 miles (11° 57'
N., 124° 12' 24" E.).
Panalangan Pt., Talajit Id.,
S. 78° E., 6 miles (11° 57'
27" N., 124° 10' 42" E.).
Between Masbate and Leyte.
Gigantangan Id. (west) .
Gigantangan Id. (S.), S. 45°
E., 2.7 miles (11° 35' 12"
N., 124° 13' 48" E.).
North of Cebu.
Malapascua Id. (west) .
Tanguingui Id. Lt., N. 70°
W., 22.8 miles (11° 21' 45"
N., 124° 05' E.).
Tanguingui Id. Lt., N. 77°
W., 22.5 miles (11° 24' 24"
N., 124° 05' 30" E.).
Tanguingui Id. Lt., N. >79°
W., 23 miles (11° 24' 45"
N., 124° 06' E.).
Between Leyte and Cebu.
Capitancillo Id. Lt., S. 37°
W., 16.1 miles (11° 11' 45"
N., 124° 15' 45" E.).
Calangaman Id. (north) .
Capitancillo Id. Lt., S. 46°
W., 15.7 miles (11° 10' N.,
124° 17' 15" E.).
Dupon Bay {Leyte) and vi¬
cinity.
Sacaysacay Pt .
Guint River .
Ponson Id. (N.), S. 79° E.,
6.8 miles (10° 50' N., 124°
26' 18" E.).
Ponson Id. (N.), S. 86° E.,
8.5 miles (10° 49' 20" N.,
124° 24' 23" E.).
Ponson Id. (N.), S. 88° E.,
10.2 miles (10° 49' 03" N.,
124° 22' 30" E.).
C. S. 4418;
Apr., 1906.
. do .
C. S. 4418;
Apr., 1906.
C. S. 4418;
Apr., 1906.
. do .
. do .
. do .
C. S. 4418;
Apr , 1906.
. do .
C. S. 4718;
Dec., 1906.
. do .
. do .
. do .
C. S. 4718;
Dec., 1906.
. do .
. do .
C. S. 4426;
May, 1904.
. do .
. do .
_ do .
_ do .
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
1
Character of
bottom.
1909.
Mar. 13
1.44 p. m.
2.04 p. m.
2.56 p. m.
3.13 p. m.
fms.
136
hrd. S .
. . .do _
153
gn. M .
Co .
. ..do .
8.38 a. m.
140
8.55 a. m.
gn. M. (m. b.) .
...do .
9.30 a. m.
• 137
9.45 a. m.
gn. M. (m. b.) .
...do .
10.21 a. m.
134
gn. M .
10.36 a. m.
3.00 p. m.
3.03 p. m.
3.21 p. m.
. ..do .
114
gn. M .
Mar. 16
...do .
32
S., Sh .
...do .
9.34 a. m.
25
S., Sh .
9.50 a. m.
...do .
9.58 a. m.
30
Mar. 16
1.54 p. m.
2.16 p. m.
2.30 p. m.
2.56 p. m.
3.14 p. m.
8.30 a. m.
188
...do .
182
Mar. 17
Co .
. ..do .
190
M .
. ..do .
262
. ..do .
298
M .
11.41 a. m.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
61
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Remarks.
<
j Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h. m.
mi.
82
78
8
S. 11° W..
1.0
*
SO
78
9
S. 41° W..
1. 1
12 ft . ..
2 00
18-30 ft.
4 00
79
78
1.02466
19
N. 75° W..
1.2
K. 2.7 .
19
N. 75° W..
1.2
79
79
12' Agz; m. b..
20
N. 66° W..
1.5
K. 2.7 .
20
1. 5
79
79
12' Agz.; m. b .
16
N. 69° W..
1.2
K. 2.7..
16
N. 69° W
1.2
12-15 ft.
1 00
3 shots.
81
80
7
.5
10-20 ft.
3 30
14 shots.
79
79
6' McC........
9
N. 22° E. .
.5
80
80
1.02458
6' McC .... _
12
N. 10° E. .
. 4
80
80
6' McC........
botm...
27
N. 61° E. .
.9
55.8
81
81
12' Agz.; m. b .
botm...
22
S. 45° E _
1.9
K. 2.7 .
surface .
22
S. 45° E...
1.9
8-25 ft..
2 00
7 shots.
55. 7
81
81
botm...
29
S. 55° E. . .
i.8
12-30 ft.
7 30
16 shots.
7 00
55.4
81
78
botm...
26
S. 74° W..
1.8
82
80
botm...
20
S. 82° W . .
1.9
83
81
12' Agz.... -
botm...
27
N. 81° W..
2.0
62
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
D. 5407
Dupon Bay (Leyte) and vicin¬
ity— Continued.
Ponson Id. (N.), S. 76° E.,
C. S. 4426;
1909.
Mar. 17
12.2 miles (10° 51' 38" N.
124° 20' 54" E.).
May, 1904.
E>. 5408
Between Cebu, and Leyte.
Capitancillo Lt., N. 25° W.,
20.8 miles (10° 40' 15" N.,
124° 15' E.).
Capitancillo Lt., N. 19° W.,
C. S. 4718;
Mar. 18
D. 5409
Dec., 1900.
. do .
...do .
D. 5410
22 miles (10° 38' N., 124°
13' 08" E.).
Bagaeay Pt. Lt., S. 37° W.,
7.2 miles (10° 28' 45" N.,
124° 05' 30" E.).
Between Cebu and Bohol.
Lauis Pt. Lt., N. 35° E., 4.7
. do .
. ..do .
D. 5411
C. S. 4718;
Mar. 23
D. 5412
miles (10° 10' 30" N., 123°
51' 15" E.).
Lauis Pt. Lt., N. 21° E., 5.5
Dec., 1906.
. do .
. ..do .
miles (10° 09' 15" N., 123°
52' E.).
Pandanon Id. (south) .
. do .
. ..do .
. do .
. ..do .
Reef opposite Pandanon Id..
. do .
Mar. 24
D. 5413
Lauis Pt. Lt., N. 68° W., 10
. do .
. ..do .
D. 5414
miles (10° 10' 35" N., 124°
03' 15" E.).
Lauis Pt. Lt., N. 67° W.,9.5
. do .
. ..do .
D. 5415
miles (10° 10' 40" N., 124°
02' 45" E.).
Lauis Pt. Lt., N. 24° W., 7.2
. do .
. ..do .
D. 5416
miles (10° 07' 50" N., 123°
Lauis Pt. Lt., N. 12° E., 2.9
. do .
Mar. 25
D. 5417
miles (10° 11' 30" N., 123°
53' 30" E.).
Lauis Pt. Lt., N. 10° E., 3.5
. do .
. ..do .
D. 5418
miles (10° 10' N., 123° 53'
15" E.).
Lauis Pt. Lt., N. 16° E., 5.6
. do .
. ..do .
D. 5419
miles (10° 08' 50" N., 123°
52' 30" E.).
Lauis Pt. Lt., N. 27° E ,
. do .
. . .do .
D. 5420
17.8 miles (9° 58' 30" N.,
123° 46' E.)
Cruz Pt. (Bohol), S. 20° E„
6 miles (9° 49' 35" N„ 123°
45' E.)
Bohol Island.
Maribojoc Bay (anchorage). .
. do .
. ..do .
C. S. 4718;
Mar. 24
Maribojoc Bay (E. of Cruz
Dec., 1906.
. do .
Mar. 26
D. 5421
Pt.)
Between Panay and Guimaras.
Lusaran Pt. Lt., S. 27° E.,
C. S. 4718;
Mar. 30
D, 5422
5 miles (10° 33' 30" N., 122°
26' E.)
Lusaran Pt Lt., S. 80° E. ,
Dec., 1906.
. do .
. . .do .
9.7 miles (10° 31' N., 122°
18' 45" E.)
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
12.57 p. m.
1.28 p. m.
fms.
350
159
189
11.21 a. m.
385
gn. M .
145
gn. M .
162
2.30 p. m.
2.30 p. m.
Co., S .
S.,Co .
Co., S .
*42
1.21 p. m.
1.41 p. m.
88
150
8.18 a. m.
165
gy- m., s .
9.28 a. m.
159
gy. m., s .
1.35 p. m.
1.55 p. m.
3.33 p. m.
175
127
6.00 a. m.
Co., R .
5.38 p. m.
6.10 p. m.
7.17 p. m.
137
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
63
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F
° F.
h. m.
mi.
82
81
20
S. 49° E...
1.6
dip; e. 1.; dyn.
caps.
surface.
3 00
2 shots.
55.4
83
80
1.02462
12' Agz.; m. b.
K. 2 .
20
S. 46° W . .
1.3
surface.
20
S. 46° W . .
1.3
81
80
12' Agz.; m. b.
K .
29
S. 51° W..
2.0
surface .
29
S. 51° W..
2.0
Record incomplete.
82
80
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
14
S. 3° W. ..
1.2
55.2
80
81
12' Agz.; m. b .
K. 2 .
botm...
24
S. 33° W . .
1.7
surface
24
S. 33° E...
1.7
54.8
81
81
22
S. 67° E. . .
1.7
6-12 ft..
2 30
4 shots.
5 ft ....
5 30
11 hauls.
10-12 ft.
1 00
3 shots.
82
82
82
6'"McC .
6
N. 30° W..
.6
82
6' McC .
botm...
9
N. 23° W..
1.2
62.4
Luc. sdr. (a). .
12' Agz.; m. b.
83
81
botm...
19
N. 81° W..
1.5
54.4
81
80
botm...
20
South .
1.5
54.4
81
80
12' Agz. ... _
botm...
20
S. 18' W . .
1.2
54.4
81
81
botm...
20
S. 82° W . .
.8
54.5
83
81
12' Agz .
botm...
20
S. 74° W. .
i.3
59
83
81
12*- Agz., m. b .
botm...
17
S. 54° W. .
1.2
surface .
1 30
10-20 ft.
2 00
6 shots.
58.4
84
82
12' Agz.; m.b .
botm...
19
S. 70° W . .
1.5
84
82
int. 3 .
surface.
20
W. by S...
1.5
.
1
64
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
D. 5423
D. 5424
D. 5425
D. 5426
D. 5427
D. 5428
H. 4928
H. 4929
D. 5429
D. 5430
D. 5431
D. 5432
D. 5433
D. 5434
Jolo Sea.
Cagayan Id., Cagayanes Ids.
(NW.).
Cagayan Id. (S.), S. 11° E.,
4.8 miles (9° 38' 30" N., 121°
11' E.)
Cagayan Id. fS.), S. 11° W.,
3.4 miles (9° 37' 05" N., 121°
Cagayan Id. (S.), S. 14° E.,
4 miles (9° 37' 45" N., 121°
11' E.).
Eastern Palawan and vicinity.
Mantaquin Bay (Palawan). .
Rasa Id. (southwest) .
Malinao River (Palawan)....
Rasa Id. (southwest) .
Mantaquin Bay .
30th of June Id., N. 29° E.,
12.2 miles (9° 12' N., 118°
28' E.).
30th of June Id., N. 16° W.,
11.5 miles (9° 11' 30" N.,
118° 37' 08" E.).
30th of June Id., N. 62° W.,
19.5 miles (9° 13' N., 118°
51' 15" E.).
Fondeado Id. (SE.), N. 29
E., 23 miles (9° 34' 48" N.,
118° 45' E.).
Fondeado Id. (SE.), N. 19
E., 19 miles (9,° 37' 30" N.,
118° 48' 30" E.).
Iwahig River and tributaries
(Pta. Princesa).
Puerta Princesa (west of
Bancaobancaon Pt.).
Fondeado Id. (SE.), N. 18
E., 15 miles (9° 41' 30" N.,
118° 50' 22" E.).
Machesi Id. (southwest) .
Fondeado Ids. (W.), N. 57°
W., 10.5 miles (9° 49' 40"
N„ 119° 03' 20" E.).
Verde del Sur Id. (south) _
. do .
. do .
Port Langcan, Dumaran Id.
(east).
. do .
Port Langcan, Dumaran Id.
(anch.).
Port Langcan, Dumaran Id.
(Green Pt.).
Wreck Bay, Dalaganem Id. .
Corandagos Id. (NW.), N.
28° E., 4.8 miles (10° 38'
45" N., 120° 12' 45" E.).
Corandagos Id. (NW.), N.
30° E., 5.7 miles (10° 37'
50" N.. 120° 12' E.).
Corandagos Id. (NW.), N.
35° E., 6.5 miles (10° 37' 30"
N . 120° 11' 05" E.).
Corandagos Id. (N.), S. 63°
W., 7.6 miles (10° 46' 45"
N., 120° 22' 45" E.).
C. S. 4717;
Feb., 1903.
_ do .
.do .
.do .
C. S. 4716
Feb., 1903
. ..do _
...do —
...do _
...do _
. ..do —
1909.
Mar. 31
...do .
...do .
...do .
Apr. 1
...do .
Apr. 2
...do .
...do .
Apr. 3
. ..do .
. ..do .
...do .
...do .
C. S. 4343;
July, 1903.
- do .
C. S. 4716;
Feb., 1903.
_ do .
_ do...
...do .
. . .do .
...do .
...do .
Apr. 4
Apr. 5
...do _
..do _
Apr. 6
_ do . . do -
_ do . ;. ..do
_ do . . ..do _
_ do . ! Apr. 7
.do.
.do.
. do .
C. S. 4717;
Feb., 1903.
_ do .
.do .
.do .
.do .
.do.
.do.
Apr. 8
...do _
...do _
...do _
. . .do _
. ..do _
9.00 a. m.
9.16 a. m.
9.55 a. m.
12.52 p. m.
1.24 p. m.
2.20 p. m.
2.57 p. m.
3.00 p. m.
3.00 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
9.00 a. m.
2.30 p. m.
6.42 a. m.
6.44 a. m.
8.04 a. m.
8.09 a. m.
10.14 a. m.
11.23 a. m.
3.28 p. m.
4.39 p. m.
7.00 a. m.
6.30 a. m.
7.32 a. m.
8.14 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
10.07 a. m.
10.54 a. m.
2.00 p. m.
2.00 p. m.
8.00 p. m.
4.00 p. m.
5.30 p. m.
7.30 p. m.
7.00 a. m.
2.30 p. m.
2.49 p. m.
2.54 p. m.
3.26 p. m.
3.34 p. m.
4.04 p. m.
4.16 p. m.
7.50 p. m.
fms.
508
mgn. Rf .
gy. M., co. S.
340
495
co. S .
gy. M., co. S.
sft. Co., R
Co...
S., G.
27
37
1,105
fne. gy. S .
S , Sh .
902
554
gy- m . .
gy. M.,fne. co. S
gy- M .
766
S., R., Co.
gn. M .
S., M., Co.
glob. Oz...
Co., G., S.
S .
R., Co.
S., Co., G.
R., S., Co.
S .
gn. M., co. S .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
65
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Remarks.
<<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
ft. m.
mi.
dyn .
2-50;ft..
3 00
6 shots.
49.8
Luc. sdr. (a). .
82
82
27
N.W .
50.4
81
82
20
N. 67° W . .
1.5
49.4
Luc. sdr. (a). . .
82
83
20
N. 62° W..
1 2
4 ft
2 00
dyn .
6-12 ft..
2 00
dyn .
4 00
5. 0
dvn .
8-10 ft..
3 00
10 ft. .
2 30
Tnr. sdr. (e). . .
81
82
6' McC . . ;
9
N. 20° E..
.3
Tnr. sdr. (e). ..
81
82
49.7
Luc. sdr. (a)..
85
$3
21
N. by W ..
1.0
86
83
49.4
Luc. sdr. (a)...
83
82
49.4
Luc. sdr. (a) . . .
12 00
4-20 ft.
2 30
....
82
83
18
N. 73° W..
1.9
6- 12ft..
4 00
10 shots.
50
84
83
25
N .
1.5
K. 2 .
25
N .
1.5
8-10 ft..
3 00
6 shots.
2-4 ft..
3 00
20 hauls.
12 00
2 lines.
6- 15ft..
1 30
5 shots.
12 00
2 lines.
20
8ft ... .
4 30
17 shots.
12— 18ft.
3 00
6 shots.
84
83
6' McC...'.'....
20
S. 46° W . .
.S
84
83
6' McC... . ....
botm...
20
S. 68° W . .
1.3
83
83
6' McC........
20
S. 44° W ..
1.2
83
83
lnt. 3 .
surface .
20
N. 70° E...
.2
66
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Cuyos Islands.
Date.
Time of
day.
1909.
D. 5435
Cuyo Id. (west)
C. S. 4345;
Feb., 1905.
do
do
Bisucay Id. (northeast) .
Bisucay Id. (NE.),S.55° E.,
1 mile (10° 50' N., 120° 58'
10" E.).
_ do .
C. S. 4717;
Feb., 1903.
Apr.
..do.
..do.
..do.
9
8.30 a. m.
8.30 a. m.
2.00 p. m.
7.50 p. m.
West coast of Luzon, Manila
Bay to Lingayen Gulf.
D. 5436
D. 5437
Corregidor Lt., N. 83° E.,
5.2 miles (14° 22' 37" N.,
120° 29' E.).
Hermana Mayor Id. (west) . .
Caiman Cove .
_ do .
Hermana Mayor Lt., N. 69°
E., 4.9 miles (15° 45' 54" N.
119° 42' 45" E.).
C. S. 4240;
Feb., 1907.
May 7
C. S. 4712;
Sept., 1904.
C. S 4210;
Sept., 1907.
_ do .
- do .
May 8
.. .do .
...do .
...do .
D. 5438
D. 5439
- *■ .
D. 5440
D. 5441
D. 5442
Hermana Mayor Lt., S. 21°
E., 7.5 miles (15° 54' 42"N..
119° 44' 42" E.).
Caiman Cove .
Hermana Mayor Lt., S. 33°
E., 12.6 miles (15° 58' 15"
N., 119° 40' 20" E.).
Bolinao Bay (north of Bo-
linao).
Bolinao Bay (east of village).
_ do .
S. Fernando Pt. Lt., N. 82°
E., 23.1 miles (16° 33' 52"
N., 119° 52' 54" E.).
S. Fernando Pt. Lt., S. 87°
E , 18.7 miles (16° 38' N.,
119° 57' 18" E.).
S. Fernando Pt. Lt., N. 39°
E., 8.4 miles (16° 30' 36" N.,
120° 11' 06" E.).
Lingayen G. (east of Pt.
Guecet).
. do .
. do .
. do .
C. S. 4238;
Feb., 1905.
. do .
. do .
C. S. 4209;
Oct., 1905.
. do .
. do .
. do .
...do .
May 9
. ..do .
. ..do .
May 10
...do .
. . .do .
. ..do .
. ..do .
May 11
East coast of Luzon, San Ber¬
nardino Strait to San Miguel
Bay.
7.03 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
3.30 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
10.27 a. m.
12.07 p.m.
3.50 p. m.
4.20 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
9.44 a. m.
10.49 a. m.
8.00 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
8.00 a. m.
1.35 p. m.
2.01 p. m.
3.20 p. m.
3.47 p. m.
6.48 p. m.
6.58 p. m.
10.00 a. m.
D. 5443
D. 5444
D. 5445
Matnog Bay .
_ do . .
_ do .
Balieuatro Ids., Biri Chan¬
nel (southern Biri Id.).
C. S. 4258;
Jan., 1903.
_ do .
_ do .
C. S. 4220;
May, 1907.
Batag Id. (west, near Leung
Pt.).
C. S. 4449;
Jan., 1907.
Atalaya Pt., Batag Id., S.
64° E., 3.6 miles (12° 43'
05" N., 125° 01' E.).
Atalaya Pt., Batag Id., S.
65° E., 5.1 miles (12° 43'
51" N., 124° 58' 50" E.).
Atalaya Pt., Batag Id., S.
56° E., 5.3 miles (12° 44'
42" N., 124° 59' 50" E.).
. do .
. do .
. do .
May 31
...do _
. ..do .
June 1
June 2
...do .
June 3
. ..do .
...do .
...do .
2.00 p. m.
2.00 p. m.
6.00 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
7.00 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
4.00 p. m.
5.00 p. m.
8.00 a, m.
8.50 a. m.
9. 19 a. m.
9.57 a. m.
10.32 a. m.
11.25 a. m.
12.01 p. m.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
fms.
R., Co .
S .
Co., R .
*32
S., Co .
M .
297
S., Co .
940
S., Co., R .
S.' _ ' .
172
fne. gy. S.,Glob...
186
45
S .
s., Co .
Co., co. R .... _
Co .
241
co. S., Sh .
308
383
gn. M., S .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
67
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910— Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Remarks.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h.
m.
mi.
4-16 ft..
3
0
3-4 ft _
2
30
6-18ft- .
3
00
9 shots.
83
83
21
W. x N .
0, 7
85
86
15
W .
.5
8-10 ft..
5
00
5-12 ft..
2
00
9 fms...
11
00
88
86
6 K. 6 .
100-600
36
N. 61° W .
.9
fms.
87
86
27
22
46.2
87
87
12' Agz.; in. b.
botm...
21
S. 5° E....
1.2
10-12 ft.
2
00
8 shots.
36.7
89
87
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
14
N. 16° W .
2.5
Net slightly tom.
1
00
10— 1’2 ft .
4
00
7 shots.
4ft .
3
00
5 hauls.
53.2
86
87
12' Agz.; m, b.
botm...
20
N. 22° E . .
1.8
52.2
86
87
botm...
20
N. 64° E ..
1.8
82
85
25' Agz .
botm. . .
10
34
S. 12° E...
15.5
4-12 ft..
4
30
5 hauls.
10-12 ft.
.3
00
•
5 shots.
5ft .
2
30
3 hauls.
12
00
12-24 ft.
7
00
13 shots.
12
00
10-12 ft.
3
00
7 shots.
6-15 ft..
1
30
6 shots.
13
00
5-15 ft..
7
30
17 shots.
51.3
82
83
botm...
20
N. 70° W .
1.9
45.3
I 85
83
12' Agz .
botm...
17
N. 65° E..
1. 1
44.3
| 85
83
12' Agz _ _ _ _ _
botm...
37
S. 73° E...
1.5
68
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
D. 5446
D. 5447
D. 5448
D. 5449
D. 5450
D. 5451
D. 5452
D. 5453
D. 5454
D. 5455
D. 5456
D. 5457
D. 5458
D. 5459
I
D. 5460
Position.
East coast of Luzon, San Ber¬
nardino Strait to San Miguel
Bay— Continued .
Atalaya Pt., Batag Id.* S.
64° E., 5.3 miles (12° 43'
51" N„ 124° 59' 18" E.).
S. Miguel Pt., S. 7° W., 3.5
miles (13° 28' N., 123° 46'
18" E.)
Tabaco Bay (west of S.
Miguel Pt.).
S. Miguel Pt., N. 23° E., 1.5
miles (13° 23' 10" N., 123°
45' 19" E.).
Batan Id. (north, west of
Camisog Pt.).
East Pt. (Batan Id.), S. 43°
E., 7.9 miles (13° 21' 36", N.,
124° 00' 30" E.).
East Pt. (Batan Id.), S. 36°
E., 9.2 miles (13° 23' 15" N.,
124° 00' 30" E.).
East Pt. (Batan Id.), S. 38°
E., 8.2 miles (13° 22' 22" N.,
124° 00' 48" E.).
Batan Id. (southwest, of Ba¬
tan).
Rapurapu Id. (Babayon Pt.).
Albay G., Yaua River .
Legaspi Lt., S. 38° W..3 miles
(13° 11' 54" N., 123° 47' 10"
E.).
Legaspi Lt., S. 58 W., 4.5
miles (13° 12' N., 123° 49'
18" E.).
Legaspi Lt., S. 64° W., 5.7
miles (13° 12' N., 123° 50'
30" E.).
Legaspi Lt., S. 70° W., 6.7
miles (13° 11' 51" N., 123°
51' 42" E.).
Legaspi Lt., S. 76° W., 6.7
miles (13° 11' 10" N., 123°
51' 52" E.).
Legaspi Lt., S. 60° W., 5
miles (13° 12' N., 123° 49'
40" E.)\
Batan Id., Caracaran Bay . . .
Legaspi Lt., S. 84° W., 14
miles (13° 10' 54" N., 123°
59' 38" E.).
Legaspi Lt., S. 88° W., 14.3
miles (13° 10' 21" N., 123°
59' 54" E.).
Catanduanes Id. , Cabugao
Bay (east).
Catanduanes Id., Cabugao
River.
Catanduanes Id., Cabugao
Bay.
Catanduanes Id., Agojo Pt. .
Sialat Pt. Lt., N. 24° E., 8.2
miles (13° 32' 30" N., 123°
58' 06" E.). i
Palumbanes Ids., Porong-
pong Id. (southwest).
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
1909.
fms.
C. S. 4449;
June 3
1.25 p. m.
300
gn. M . . .
C. S. 4221;
June 4
5.37 a. m.
310
gn. M .
C. S. 4237;
Mar., 1905.
. do .
. - .do .
8.55 a. m.
*47
C. S. 4259;
1.00 p. m.
S., Co .
Aug. ,1906.
C. S. 4221;
. . .do .
2.38 p. m.
*300
June, 1905.
. do .
. . .do .
3.19 p. in.
408
gn. M., Co .
. do .
June 5
7.34 a. m.
*380
C. S. 4259;
S., Co .
Aug., 1906.
1.00 p. m.
tide pools .
Co .
C. S. 4237;
Mar., 1905.
C. S. 4221;
. ..do. . ..
8.51 a. m.
*110
.
June, 1905.
. do .
. . .do _
9.44 a. m.
*146
. do .
. ..do _
10.46 a. m.
*153
. do .
...do -
11.57 a. m.
*165
. do .
. ..do _
12.55 p. m.
*142
. do .
June 8
9.40 a. m.
*146
C. S. 4259;
. . .do.
1.00 p. m.
S„ Co .
Aug., 1906.
C. S. 4221 ;
. ..do _
2.04 p. m.
*200
June, 1905.
. do .
. . .do _
3.41 p. m.
*201
C. S. 4269;
Feb., 1909.
C. S. 4222;
Jan., 1909.
. do .
...do _
8.37 a. m.
565
gy. m .
. do .
. ..do _
3.00 p. m.
S., Co .
DEEDGING AND HYDEOGEAPHIC EECOEDS. 69
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
<
o>
o
J-
D
m
6
o
o
PQ
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
°F.
°F.
°F.
84
83
45.3
83
85
86
86
85
86
42.3
85
79
86
84
85
85
86
86
87
85
85
86
86
86
86
85
87
85
85
$5
86
85
Apparatus.
Depth.
Luc. sdr. (a).
12' Agz .
. botm...
Luc. sdr. (a)
12' Agz .
Dura¬
tion.
ft. vi.
'28
dyn .
12' Agz.; m. b.
dyn .
12' Agz.; m. b.
Luc. sdr. (a) ..
12' Agz.; m. b.
int. 5 §.
dyn .
copper sulp’te.
dyn .
25' seine; dyn .
12' Agz.
12' Agz.
12' Agz.
12' Agz.
int. 4 §.
12' Agz.
dyn....
12' Agz.
12' Agz.; m. b.
dyn .
dyn.; 25' seine
dip; e. 1 .
dyn .
Luc. sdr. (a).
12' Agz.; m. b.
dyn .
botm... 21
10-15 ft. 3 00
botm...] 21
8-10ft..: 4 30
botm... 21
botm...
28
280 fms.! 21
12
10 ft ... . 8 00
. I 2 00
4 30
9 30
8-12 ft..
botm...
botm...
botm... | 21
botm... 14
120 fms. 19
J 7
botm...
20
6-10 ft . . 3 30
botm...i 23
botm...
10-18 ft.
surface .
12ft....
botm...
8-20 ft..
20
2 30
8 00
1 30
2 30
14
2 30
Drift.
Direction.
S. 83° E..
N.’ 64V E ’.
S. 64° E..
N.
N .
S. 61° E..
N. 48° E.
*
E .
S. 79° E..
S. 63° E..
N. 88° W.
S. 72° E..
S. 56° E..
N. 86° W.
Remarks.
mi.
— ' Therm, failed to
1.6 register.
7 shots.
6 shots.
1.4
N. 43° W.
10 shots.
4 shots.
13 shots.
6 shots.
13 shots.
Therm, failed to
register.
5 shots.
59395°— 11 - 15
70
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
East coast of Luzon, San Ber¬
nardino Strait to San Miguel
Bay— Continued.
1909.
fms.
Palumbanes Ids., “West
C. S. 4222;
June 11
7.00 a. m.
Id.” (west).
Jan., 1909.
Lahuv Id., Pocket Bay
(west).
. do .
. ..do. . ..
1.00 p. m.
Quinalasag Id., Masamat
Bay.
. do .
7.00 p. m.
Quinalasag Id., Masamat
Bay (east).
June 12
6.00 a. m.
S., Co.
Butauanan Id. (west and
south).
C. S. 4223;
. ..do _
2.30 p. m.
S., Co. .
J une, 1908.
Butauanan Id. (south) .
Maculabo Id. (west) .
. do .
June 13
Co., S .
C. S. 4715;
. ..do _
3.30 p. m.
7.30 p. m.
Co. .
Apr., 1907.
. do .
June 14
Co
9.00 a. m.
S. Miguel Bay, Colasi Pt _
C. S. 4223;
June, 1908.
. ..do _
D. 5461
Caringo Id. (W.), N. 12° W.,
4.9 miles (13° 57' 42" N.,
. do .
...do _
7.10 p. m.
11
123° 06' 42" E.).
Canimo Pass, Daet Pt .
. do .
June 15
Co., S .
Canimo Pass, Basut River...
. do .
. . .do. . . .
D. 5462
Sialat Lt., S. 80° E., 5 miles
C. S. 4222. . .
June 16
5.50 a. m.
469
(13° 40' 42" N., 123° 56' 30"
Jan., 1909.
6.44 a. m.
E.).
Lagonoy G., Palag Bay (east)
Sialat Pt. Lt., S. 74° E., 3.9
D. 5463
. do .
. ..do. . . .
10.28 a. m.
*300
s.*: .
miles (13° 40' 57" N., 123°
57' 45" E.).
D. 5464
Sialat Pt. Lt., N. 82° E., £4
miles (13° 39' 15" N., 123°
. do .
...do -
2.14 p. m.
*400
57' 15" E.).
Lagonoy G., Alto Pt. anch...
Lagonoy G., Rosa Id .
Lagonoy G., Bato River .
S., Co. .
D. 5465
Atulayan Id. (E.), S. 50° W.,
. do .
. . .do _
8.39 a. m.
*500
gy. M. (m. b.) .
7.3 miles (13° 39' 42" N.,
123° 40' 39" E.).
D. 5466
Atulayan Id. (E.), S. 62° W.,
. do .
. . .do. . . .
10.40 a. m.
*540
gy. M. (m. b.) .
7.7 miles (13° 38' 36" N.,
123° 41' 45" E.).
Lagonoy G., Atulayan Bay
(south).
. do .
...do _
S., R .
Lagonoy G., Atulayan Bay
(west).
Lagonoy G., Atulayan Bay
(anch.).
6.30 p. m.
8.00 p. m.
. do .
. . .do _
Lagonoy G., Nato River .
Lagonoy Q., Atulayan Id.
(east).
. do .
. ..do _
7.00 a. m.
Co., S. .
D. 5467
Atulayan Id. (S.), S. 79° W.,
. do .
. ..do _
7.52 a. m.
*480
gy. M. (m. b.) .
2.5 miles (13° 35' 27" N.,
123° 37' 18" E.).
•
D. 546S
Atulayan Id. (S.), S. 83° W.,
. do .
. ..do _
9.58 a. m.
*569
gn. M. (m. b.) .
5.7 miles (13° 35' 39" N.,
123° 40' 28" E:).
D. 5469
Atulayan Id. (E.), S. 63° W.,
4 miles (13° 36' 48" N., 123°
. do .
...do _
1.29 p. m.
*500
38' 24" E.).
D. 5470
Atulayan Id. (E.), S. 68° W.,
6.7 miles (13° 37' 30" N.,
. do .
. ..do .
3.26 p. m.
*560
M* .
123° 41' 09" E.).
Lagonoy G., Nato anch .
7.30 p. m.
9.17 a. m.
D. 5471
Sialat Pt. Lt., N. 71° E., 15
miles (13° 34' 57" N., 123°
. do .
June 19
*568
47' 06" E.).
D. 5472
Sialat Pt. Lt., N. 63° E., 13.6
. do .
...do .
11.12 a. m.
*550
miles (13° 33' 36" N., 123°
49' E.).
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
71
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Lh’
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
° F.
°F.
° F.
h.
m.
mi.
8-10 ft. .
2
00
12-15 ft.
3
00
1
00
10ft ..
3
30
8ft. ...
3
00
10ft ..
4
30
15-25ft.
i
30
i
30
8-18 ft..
4
30
2
00
Dhate.
12
00
84
86
17
E .
2.5
5-10 ft..
2
45
10
00
0.0
41.3
83
85
17
S. 35° E...
1.5
8-25 ft..
5
30
83
84
16
S. 82° W . .
.8
84
85
10
S. 40° W..
.2
1
00
8- 10 ft..
4
30
4
30
1.5
83
84
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
20
S. 59° E...
1.6
84
86
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
22
S. 63° E...
1.6
15 ft....
2
30
wings.
11
00
surface .
1
00
11
00
4.5
8—10 ft. .
5
00
83
85
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
42
N. 89° E . .
2.7
85
86
botm...
33
E .
2.1
84
86
12' Agz .
botm...
42
N. 86° E . .
2.8
84
86
12' Agz .
botm...
34
S. 50° E...
1.6
surface .
1
00
80
84
botm. . .
29
S. 60° E...
2.1
83
85
12' Agz .
botm...
25
S. 62° E...
1.7 j
Remarks.
3 shots.
2 shots.
10 shots.
9 shots.
11 shots.
7 shots.
11 shots.
5 shots.
Bridle stops and
one preventer
carried away.
24 shots.
Bridle stops car¬
ried away; net
badly torn.
6 shots.
3 hauls.
10 shots.
Bridle stops and
lashing carried
away; load lost.
72
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and ’Hydrographic Records op the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
D. 5473
East coast of Luzon, San Ber¬
nardino Strait to San Miguel
Bay — Continued .
East Pt. (Batan), S. 20° E.,
C. S. 4221;
1909.
June 19
8.9 miles (13° 24' 15" N.,
124° 02' 48" E.).
Albay G., between Paron
and Jesus Pt.
June, 1905.
. do-. _
Jun^ 21
C. S. 4259;
June 22
Aug., 1906.
. do .
. ..do .
.
Port Gubat (Luzon) .
C. S. 4258;
June 23
D. 5474
S. Bernardino Lt., S. 6° W.,
Jan.,19C3.
C. S. 4220;
June 24
D. 5475
8.4 miles (12° 53' 48" N.,
124° 18' E.).
S. Bernardino Lt., S. 27° W.,
11 miles (12° 55' 26" N.,
124° 22' 12" E.).
S. Bernardino Lt., S. 37° W.,
May, 1907.
. do .
. . .do .
D. 5476
. do .
. ..do .
13.5 miles (12° 56' 24" N.,
124° 25' 24" E.).
Langao Pt. (extreme south-
. do .
. ..do .
ern Luzon).
Between Samar and Leyte,
vicinity of Surigao Strait.
Bito Lake and River (Leyte).
C. S. 4423;
July 26
Abuyog (Leyte) .
June, 1905.
. do .
. ..do .
H . 4930
Tacbuc Pt. (Leyte), S. 81°W.,
. do .
July 27
H.4931
16 miles -(10° 46' 24" N.,
125° 17' 33" E.).
Pagbabacnan Pt. (Malhon
.....do .
. ..do .
Id.), S. 79° E., 16.5 miles
(10° 45' 10" N., 125° 27' 48"
E.).
Casogoran (Malhon Id.) .
. do .
...do .
Gigoso Pt., Quinapundan
. do .
July 28
Bay (Samar).
C. S. 4719;
Aug., 1907.
. do .
July 29
. ..do .
H. 4932
Tacbuc Pt. (Leyte), N. 79°
D. 5477
W., 9.5 miles (10° 42' 10"
N., 125° 10' 36" E.).
Tacbuc Pt. (Leyte), S. 87°
. do .
. ..do .
D. 5478
W., 1 1 miles (10° 44' 45" N.,
125° 12' 30" E.).
Tacbuc Pt. (Levte), S. 80°
C. S. 4423;
. . .do .
D. 5479
W., 15.2 miles (10° 46' 24"
N., 125° 16' 30" E.).
Tacbuc Pt. (Leyte), S. 78°
June, 1905.
. do .
. ..do .
D. 5480
W., 16.5 miles (10° 47' 15"
N., 125° 17' 50" E.).
Tacbuc Pt. (Leyte), S. 87°
. do .
. ..do .
•
W., 17.3 miles (10° 44' 36"
N., 125° 19' E.).
Hinunangan Bay (Leyte)....
C. S. 4719;
July 30
D. 5481
Cabugan Grande Id. (N.),
Aug., 1907.
. do .
. ..do .
D. 5482
N. 86° W., 3.8 miles (10°
27' 30" N., 125° 17' 10" E.).
Cabugan Grande Id. (N.),
. do .
. . .do .
D. 5483
N. 87° W., 4.5 miles (10°
27' 30" N., 125° 18' E.).
Cabugan Grande Id. (N.),
. do .
. . .do .
D. 5484
N. 88° W., 5.7 miles (10°
27' 30" N., 125° 19' 15" E.).
Cabugan Grande Id. (N.),
. do .
. . .do .
H. 4933
S. 88° W., 6.4 miles (10° 28'
N., 125° 20' E.).
Cabugan Grande Id. (N.),
. do .
. ..do .
N. 70° W., 9.1 miles (10°
24' 37" N„ 125° 22' 15" E.).
Time ol
day.
Depth.
Character ol
bottom.
fms.
2.05 p. m.
2.49 p. m.
1.00 p. m.
545
gy- M., S .
Co .
Co., S .
1.00 p. m.
8.00 p. m.
1.00 p. m.
7.18 a. m.
7.37 a. m.
S., Co .
Co., S .
124
Co .
8.51 a. m.
195
Sh .
10.29 a. m.
270
Ine. S .
3.30 p. m.
S .
7.02 a. m.
93
S .
8.12 a. m.
63
crs. S., Sh .
S., Co .
S., Co .
Co., S .
10.02 a. m.
44
gy- M .
10.23 a. m.
48
gy. M .
11.33 a. m.
57
Sh .
1.02 p. m.
1.16 p. m.
2.03 p. m.
2.12 p. m.
62
gy. M .
62
fne. S .
Co., S .
8.18 a. m.
61
S., Sh., G .
8.56 a. m.
67
brk. Sh., S., gn. M.
9.48 a. m.
74
S.. brk. Sh .
10.33 a. m.
76
S., brk. Sh .
12.02 p. m.
90
gn. M., S., brk.
Sh.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
73
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
£
j Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F
. °F.
40.3
h. m.
mi.
85
86
15
S. 41° E...
1.2
10 ft.
4 00
7— 12 ft . .
3 30
10-15 ft.
5 00
1 00
8-15 ft..
4 00
82
82
botm...
16
S. 58° W . .
. 8
59.3
85
82
botm...
16
N. 82° W..
1.2
48.3
84
83
26
N. 84° W. .
1.0
0— 15 f t . .
2 00
dyn., s m 1 .
seines.
12 00
4.0
12 ft....
4 00
9-18 ft..
6 00
6-f0ft. .
5 15
8-15 ft..
5 45
86
83
botm...
20
S. 64° E...
1.0
87
83
botm-: . .
14
S. 74° E...
.7
87
84
botm. . .
20
S. 51° E...
.8
88
84
20
E .
.7
10— 15ft .
8 00
84
83
botm...
20
E. by S. ..
1.0
84
83
botm...
24
E. i S .
1.2
84
83
botm. . .
21
N. 58° E..
1.2
85
83
botm. . .
30
N. 70° E...
1.2
Remarks.
Bridle stops car¬
ried away.
12 shots.
5 shots.
14 shots.
11 shots.
8 shots.
3 hauls.
18 shots.
17 shots.
25 shots.
20 shots.
74
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
D. 5485
D. 5486
D. 5487
D. 5488
D. 5489
D. 5490
D. 5491
D. 5492
D. 5493
D. 5494
D. 5495
D.5496
D. 5497
D. 5498
D. 5499
D. 5500
D. 5501
D. 5502
Position.
Between Samar and Leyte,
vicinity of Surigao Strait—
Continued.
Cabugan Grande Id. (N.;,
N. 59° W., 10.5 miles (10°
22' 15" N., 125° 22' 30" E.).
Between Leyte and Mindanao.
Botobolo Pt. (Panaon Id.),
S. 19° W„ 6 miles (10° 02'
N., 125° 19' 20" E.).
San Ricardo Pt. (Panaon
Id.), S. 50° E., 11.2 miles
(10° 02' 45" N., 125° 05' 33"
San Ricardo Pt. (Panaon
Id.), S. 59° E., 9 miles
(10° N., 125° 6' 45" E.).
San Ricardo Pt. (Panaon
Id.), N. 42° E., 6.6 miles
(9° 50' 30" N., 125° 10' E.)
San Ricardo Pt., N. 9° E.,
23.9 miles (9° 32' N , 125°
11' E.)
Diuata Pt. (W.), S. 9° W.,
19.3 miles (9° 24' N., 125°
12' E.).
Diuata Pt. (W.), S. 45° W„
15.2 miles (9° 12' 45" N.,
125° 20' E.).
Diuata Pt. (N.), N. 84° W.,
5.5 miles (9° 04' N., 125° 20'
Diuata Pt. (N.), N. 74° W.,
4.2 miles (9° 06' 30" N., 125°
18' 40" E.).
Diuata Pt. (N.), S. 76° E., 9.4
miles (9° 06' 30" N., 125°
00' 20" E.).
Mahinog River, Camiguin
Id. (mouth).
Mahinog, Camiguin Id .
Bantigui Id., N. 64° W., 7
miles (9° 08' 26" N., 124° 57'
E.).
Bantigui Id., N. 64° W., 10
miles (9° 07' 15" N., 124° 59'
30" E.).
Bantigui Id., N. 64° W., 10
miles (9° 07' 15" N., 124° 59'
30" E.).
Northern Mindanao and vicin¬
ity.
Macabalan Pt. Lt. (Minda¬
nao), S. 20° E., 11.6 miles
(8° 41' 30" N., 124° 35' 40"
E.).
Macabalan Pt. Lt. (Minda¬
nao), S. 20° E.,7.9miles(8°
37' 45" N„ 124° 36' 45" E.).
Opol, Macajalar Bay (Minda¬
nao).
Macabalan Pt. Lt. (Minda¬
nao)^. 35° E.,8.2miles(8°
37' 37" N„ 124° 35' E.).
Macabalan Pt. Lt. (Minda¬
nao), S. 35°E.,8.2miles (8°
37' 37" N„ 124° 35' E.).
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
C. S. 4719;
Aug., 1907.
C. S. 4719;
Aug. 1907.
. do .
1909.
July 30
12.42 p. m.
12.57 p. m.
fms.
103
.
gn. M .
July 31
585
. ..do .
1.11 p. m.
2.03 p. m.
3.59 p. m.
4.52 p. m.
7.21 p. m.
732
. do .
. ..do .
772
. . .do .
. do .
Aug. 1 . .
830
. do .
. . .do _
8.25 a. m.
736
gn. M., Co .
. do .
. . .do _
12.42 p. m.
1.31 p. m.
735
gy. M .
. do .
Aug. 2...
478
. do .
. . .do _
8.30 a. m.
678
gn. M., S .
. do .
. . .do -
12.44 p. m.
1.54 p. m.
976
•
Aug. 3...
. . .do _
S., Co .
. do .
. . .do _
788
. do .
. . .do _
9.55 a. m.
10.59 a. m.
960
gn. M., fne. S .
2.50 p. m.
960
gn. M., fne. S .
C. S. 4719;
Aug., 1907.
. do .
Aug. 4...
9.10 a. m.
554
gn. M., fne. S .
. . .do _
267
C. S. 4644;
July. 1905.
C. S. 4719;
Aug., 1907.
1.00 p. m.
1.50 p. m.
2.28 p. m.
S., Co .
. . .do _
214
fne. S., gy. M .
3.28 p. m.
**214
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
75
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910— Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Remarks.
<
&
o
3
CQ
s
o
o
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
d
o
g
c3
5
°F.
°F.
°F.
h. m.
mi.
85
83
botm...
20
N.40°E...
1.7
52.1
84
82
botm. . .
21
S. 37° E...
3.0
52.3
Luc. sdr. (a)...
84
84
botm...
23
S. 65° E...
2.7
52.3
85
84
83
83
botm. . .
10ft....
50 fms. .
surface.
46
46
20
4
20
4
S. 43° E...
S. 43° E...
s
3.5
3.5
.5
.5
K. 2 .
52.5
K. 5 .
S . .
83
84
botm...
12
S.280 E . ..
.9
Whole apparatus
carried away.
52.3
84
83
botm...
31
S.450 E...
2.7
52.3
84
....
85
botm...
28
S. 14° E...
2.3
52.1
Luc. sdr. (a). . .
Mouth of river.
21 shots.
Lost apparatus
and 1,000 fms.
wire.
Bridle stops lost
frame twisted.
20 shots.
80
83
botm...
45
N. 32° W..
3.0
53.3
82
83
botm...
surface .
35
35
N. 5° E....
N. 5° E... .
3.2
3.2
52.3
K.5 .
Luc. sdr. (a)...
84
83
botm...
600 fms.
35
33
3 00
in on
S. 17° E...
S. 17° E . ..
2.7
2.0
.K.5.. .
12-20 ft.
52.3
80
83
botm...
16
S. 52° E . ..
2.5
52.3
80
83
800 fms.
20
35
S.60° E...
2.6
82
84
botm...
27
S.480 E...
3.4
52.3
83
84
botm...
.
5
N. 76° E...
1.9
53.5
87
84
int. 4 .
200 fms.
5-12 ft..
18
13
4 30
S.67° E...
1.0
54.3
85
86
12' Tnr .
botm...
20
S.38° E...
1.5
84
86
12' Tnr .
botm...
20 S. 38° E . ..
1.7
76
TJ. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS.
Dredging and Hydrographic Records op the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
D. 5503
Northern Mindanao and vicin¬
ity — Continued.
Macabalan Pt. Lt. (Minda¬
nao), S. 31° E., 6.6 miles (8°
36' 26" N., 124° 30' 08" E.).
Macabalan Pt. Lt. (Minda¬
nao), S. 39° E., 6 miles (8°
35' 30" N., 124° 36' E.).
Macabalan Pt. Lt. (Minda¬
nao), S. 31° E., 7.7 miles (8°
37' 15" N„ 124° 36' E.).
Macabalan Pt. Lt. (Minda¬
nao), S.^ 41° E.,12.2miles(8°
40' N., 124° 31' 45" E.).
Camp Overton Lt., Iligan
Bay (Mindanao), S. 1° E.,
8.6 miles (8° 21' 12" N., 124°
12' 06" E.).
Camp Overton Lt., Iligan
Bay, S. 6° E., 4.9 miles (8°
17' 24" N., 124° 11' 42" E.).
Camp Overton, Iligan Bay
(Mindanao).
Nonucan R., Iligan Bay
(near Camp Overton).
Camp Overton Lt., S. 61° E.,
5.7 miles (8° 15' 24" N., 124°
C. S. 4719;
1909.
Aug. 4. . .
4.10 p. m.
4.38 p. m.
5.50 a. m.
fms.
226
Aug., 1907.
D. 5504
Aug. 5...
200
6.15 a. m.
D. 5505
7.25 a. m.
*220
D. 5500
. do .
. . .do _
8.40 a. m.
262
gn. M .
9.12 a. m.
D. 5507
C. S. 4613;
June, 1906.
. do .
. . .do _
1.09 p. m.
1.44 p.,m.
2.53 p. m.
3.17 p. m.
425
gn. M., fne. S .
D. 5508
. . .do _
270
gn. M., fne. S .
. do .
Aug. 6...
Co., S .
. do .
D. 5509
. do _ _
Aug. 7...
377
8.36 a. m.
D. 5510
07' 18" E.).
Camp Overton Lt., S. 68° E.,
9.1 miles (8° 16' N., 124° 03'
50" E.).
Camp Overton Lt., S. 80° E.,
15.3 miles (8° 15' 20" N.,
. do...i.
. . .do _
9.53 a. m.
10.31 a. m.
423
gy. M., fne. S .
D. 5511
. do .
. . .do _
11.46 a. m.
12.18 p. m.
1.09 p. m.
1.46 p. m.
410
gy. M., S .
D. 5512
123° 57' E.).
Camp Overton Lt.,S. 76° E.,
14 miles (8° 16' 02" N., 123°
.....do .
. . .do _
445
gy. M., fne. S .
D 5513
58' 26" E.).
Camp Overton Lt., S. 67° E.,
10.3 miles (8° 16' 45" N.,
124° 02' 48" E.).
Camp Overton Lt., S. 34° E.,
24.3 miles (8° 32' 42" N.,
. do .
. . .do _
3.07 p. m.
3.53 p.“m.
7.58 a. m.
8.50 a. m.
505
gy. M., fne. S .
D. 5514
. do .
Aug. 8...
697
gn. M., S .
D. 5515
123° 58' 36" E.).
Camp Overton Lt., S. 26° E.,
24.6 miles (8° 34' 48" N.,
10.42 a. m.
124° 01' 24" E.).
Inamucan Bay (Mindanao)..
. do . . .
. do .
2.30 p. m.
R., Co .
Aug. 9...
s
Murcielagos Bay (Mindanao).
Pt. Tagolo Lt. (Mindanao),
S. 80° W., 9.7 miles (8° 46'
C. S. 4641;
Co., S.
D. 5516
Apr., 1902.
C. S. 4723;
. . .do _
9.57 a. m.
175
Glob .
Oct., 1905.
10.21 a. m.
D. 5517
N„ 123° 32' 30" E.).
Pt. Tagolo Lt., S. 83° W.,
. do .
. . .do _
11.00 a. m.
169
Glob .
10.5 miles (8° 45' 30" N.,
11.21 a. m.
D. 5518
123° 33' 45" E.).
Pt. Tagolo Lt., S. 64° W., 8.7
. do .
. . .do _
12.36 p. m.
12.55 p. m.
1.38 p. m.
1.56 p. m.
6.02 a. m.
200
miles (8°48'N.,123°31'E.).
D. 5519
Pt. Tagolo Lt.,S. 71° W„ 8.7
miles (8° 47' N., 123°31'15"
. do .
. . .do -
182
Glob., S .
D. 5520
E )
Pt. Tagolo Lt., N. 48° E., 4.5
miles (8° 41' 15" N., 123° 18'
. do .
Aug. 10..
102
6.20 a. m.
30" E.).
D. 5521
Pt. Tagolo Lt., S. 11° E., 3
. do .
. . .do _
7.24 a. m.
221
miles (8° 47' N., 123° 22' 30"
7.51 a. m.
E.).
Silino Id. (west) .
S , Co
D. 5522
Pt. Tagolo Lt., S. 39° W., 6
. do .
. . .do _
230
Glob .
miles (8° 49' N., 123° 26' 30"
9.57 a. m.
E.).
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
77
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
sJ
<
j Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
53.3
Luc.sdr. (a)...
ft. m.
mi.
83
86
12' Tnr .
botm...
20
S.2° E....
1.2
54.3
Luc.sdr. (a)...
77
83
12' Tnr.../...
botm...
20
N. 7° W...
1.7
79
83
12' Tnr .
botm.. .
24
N. 18° W..
1.4
53.3
Luc.sdr. (a)...
84
82
12' Tnr _ ! . . .
botm.. .
14
N. 24° W..
1.7
52.8
Luc.sdr. (a).. .
85
84
12' Tnr .
botm...
20
S. 8° W....
1.0
53.3
84
85
12' Tnr .
24
S.2° E....
1.8
6-12 ft..
8 00
dvn .
8 30
3.5
53.0
Luc.sdr. (a)...
79
82
12' Tnr .
botm.. .
23
N. 34° W..
1.4
53.0
83
84
12' Tnr....;...
botm...
7
S. 44° W ..
1.6
53.0
84
85
12' Tnr....;...
botm...
20
N. 64° E...
1.9
52.8
91
86
12' Tnr .
botm. . .
20
N. 74° E...
2.2
52.8
84
85
12' Tnr .
botm.. .
15
S.83° E...
1.7
52.3
81
83
12' Tnr .
botm...
27
N. 47° E...
3.6
85
83
12' Tnr .
botm.. .
28
S. 20° W ..
1.6
8-15 ft..
3 00
3 ft .
2 00
6-25 ft..
4 15
54 3
85
84
. .
12' Tnr....;...
botm...
20
S. 63° E . . .
1.2
54.3
83
85
12' Tnr .
botm...
18
S. 50° E . . .
1.1
54.0
84
85
12' Tnr...' .
botm...
21
S.9° E....
1.2
54.3
83
85
12' Tnr... .
botm...
43
S. 14° E...
1.6
61.3
79
84
12' Tnr .
botm...
24
N. 13° E...
1.3
53.3
81
84
12' Tnr....;...
botm...
4
N. 52 E....
.9
10-20 ft.
3 00
52.3
81
84
12' Tnr .
botm.. .
18
S.79° E...
i.2
Remarks.
10 shots.
Net badly tom.
Beam frame
sprung; net torn.
Net fouled over
beam.
No sounding,
depth about 700
fms.
11 shots.
3 hauls.
15 shots.
No bottom sam¬
ple in sounding
cup.
Whole apparatus
carried away.
13 shots.
Net fouled over
beam.
78
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Station
No.
D. 5523
D. 5524
D. 5525
D. 5526
D. 5527
D. 5528
D. 5529
D. 5530
D. 5531
D. 5532
D. 5533
D. 5534
D. 5535
D. 5536
D. 5537
D. 5538
D< 5539
D. 5540
Dredging and Hydrographic Records op the U. S. Fisheries
Position.
Northern Mindanao and vicin¬
ity —Continued.
Pt. Tagolo Lt., S. 48° W„ 6.7
miles (8° 48' 44" N., 123° 27'
35" E.).
Pt. Tagolo Lt., S. 34° W., 17
miles (8° 58' 07" N., 123° 32'
45" E.).
Between Siquijor and Bohol
Ids.
Balicasag Id. (C.), N. 11° W.,
18.2 miles (9° 12' 30" N.,
123° 44' 07" E.).
Balicasag Id. (C.), N. 15° W.,
18.4 miles (9° 12' 45" N.,
123° 45' 30" E.)
Balicasag Id. (C.), N. 14° W.,
8.2 miles (9° 22' 30" N., 123°
42' 40" E.)
Balicasag Id. (C. ), N. 15° E.,
5.8 miles (9° 24' 45" N., 123°
39' 15" E.)
Balicasag Id. (C.), N. 11° E.,
6.9 miles (9° 23' 45" N., 123°
39' 30" E.).
Balicasag Id. (C.), N. 32° E.,
4.3 miles (9° 26' 45" N., 123°
38' 30" E.).
Balicasag Id. (C.), N. 43° E.,
4.2 miles (9° 27' 30" N., 123°
38' 00" E.).
Between Masbate and Leyte.
Gigantangan Id. (S.), S. 33°
E., 3.8 miles (11° 36' 39" N.,
124° 13' 30" E.).
Between Cebu and Siquijor.
Balicasag Id. (C.), N. 71° E..
9.4 miles (9° 27' 15" N., 123°
31' 48" E.).
Balicasag Id. (C.), N. 72° E..
14.7 miles (9° 26' 00" N.,
123° 26' 37" E.).
Apo Id. (C.), S. 24° W.,17
miles (9° 20' 30" N., 123° 23'
45" E.).
Between Negros and Siquijor.
Apo Id. (C.), S. 26° W., 11.8
miles (9° 15' 45" N., 123° 22'
00" E.).
Apo Id. (C.), S. 46° W., 8.7
miles (9° 1 1' 00" N., 123° 23'
00" E.).
Apo Id. (C.), S. 64° W., 7.3
miles (9° 08' 15" N., 123°
23' 20" E.).
Apo Id. (C.), N. 78° W., 8.2
miles (9° 03' 20" N., 123°
24' 45" E.).
Apo Id. (C.), N. 76° W., 8.1
miles (9° 03' 00" N., 123°
24' 30" E.).
Chart.
Date.
C. S. 4723;
Oct., 1905.
1909.
Aug. 10
. do .
.. .do -
C. S. 4718;
Dec., 1906.
Aug. 11
. do .
. . .do .
. do .
. . .do .
. do .
. . .do .
. do .
. . .do .
. do .
. . .do .
C. S. 4718;
Dec., 1906.
Aug. >13
C. S. 4718;
Dec., 1906.
Aug. 19
. do .
. ..do .
. do .
. . .do .
C. S. 4718;
Dec., 1906.
Aug. 19
. do .
. . .do .
. do .
. ..do .
.....do .
. . .do .
. do .
. . .do .
Time of
day.
10.49 a. m.
1.06 p. m.
1.51 p. m.
8.28 a. m.
9.29 a. m.
10.36 a. m.
1.07 p. m.
1.38 p. m.
3.08 p. m.
3.42 p. m.
4.44 p. m.
5.19 p. m.
7.14 p. m.
7.49 p. m.
7.14 p. m.
5.30 a. m.
6.08 a. m.
8.23 a. m.
8.53 a. m.
10.38 a. m.
11.07 a. m.
12.50 p. m.
1.36 p. m.
3.15 p. m.
3.39 p. m.
4.55 p. m.
5.20 p. m.
7.11 p. m.
7.42 p. m.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
fms.
360
S .
405
805
gn. M., Glob .
392
439
441
gy. M., Glob .
432
gn. M., S .
333
gy. glob. Oz .
310
gy. glob. Oz .
279
254
256
gn. M., S .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS.
79
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Remarks.
| Air.
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
ft. m.
mi.
82
84
12' Tnr.; m. b.
20
S.22° E...
1. 2
No sounding.
52.8
83
84
12' Tnr .
25
S. 16° W ..
1. 2
82
82
53.3
12' Tnr .
22
N. 85° E . .
1. 7
82
82
52.3
84
84
12' Tnr........
17
E .
1.8
53.3
87
84
12' Tnr... .....
botm...
20
S. 14° E...
1.2
53. 3
87
85
12' Tnr... .....
botm...
29
S. 17° E...
1.3
53
85
12'Thr.;m.b..
botm...
35
S. 17° E...
1.6
84
84
20
83
S4
surface .
28
86
84
14
53.3
80
81
12' Tnr.. ......
botm...
23
S. 30° E...
1.3
53.3
82
82
12' Tnr........
botm...
20
S. 64° W . .
1.8
53.3
83
84
12' Tnr. .......
botm...
09
S. 69° W . .
1.5
Bridle carried
away at surface,
causing loss of
most of catch.
53.5
84
85
12' Tnr........
botm...
20
S. 60° W . .
2.7
K. 5
53.5
85
84
12' Tnr... .
botm...
20
S. 75° W..
2.0
53.3
83
83
12' Tnr... .....
botm...
22
S. 80° W . .
1.3
83
83
surface .
19
83
83
16
80
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records op the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
D. 5541
Northern Mindanao and vi¬
cinity.
Tagolo Lt., S. 65° W., 12.7
C. S. 4723;
1909.
Aug. 20
D. 5542
miles (8° 49' 38" N., 123°
34' 30" E.).
Tagolo Lt., S. 70° W., 13.2
Oct., 1905.
v---do .
. ..do .
11.5543
miles (8° 48' 30" N., 123°
35' 30" E.).
Tagolo Lt., S. 75° W., 12.5
. do .
. . .do .
miles (8° 47' 15" N., 123° 35'
00" E.).
Murcielagos Bay (Mindanao).
C. S. 4641;
...do .
Cascade River, Murcielagos
Bay.
Coronado Pt., S. 37° W., 21.5
Apr., 1902.
. do .
. . .do .
D. 5544
C. S.4723...
Sept. 6
miles (8° 16' 30" N., 122° 26'
30" E.).
East of Zamboanga.
Oct., 1905.
C. S. 4511;
Dec., 1904.
. do .
Sept. 8
...do .
Malanipa Id., northeast .
Tulnalutan Id., north .
. do .
Sept. 9
. . .do .
South of Zamboanga.
Isabel Channel, Basilan Id...
C. S. 4543;
Sept. 11
Lampinigan Id., north and
May, 1907.
. do .
. ..do .
east.
C. S. 4511;
. ..do .
Sept. 12
Dec., 1904.
Tapiantana Id., north .
C. S. 4512;
Sept. 13
Bulan Id., north .
Sept., 1906.
. do .
. . .do .
Tonquil Id., Gumila Reef _
. do .
. do .
...do .
Sept. 14
Tonquil Id., northwest .
. do .
. . .do .
Jolo I. and vicinity.
C. S. 4512;
Sept., 1906
. do .
Sept. 15
. ..do .
D. 5545
Noble Pt., Tulayan Id. (E.),
D. 5546
S. 19° W., 3 miles (6° 04'
45" N., 121° 20' 20" E.).
Noble Pt., Tulayan Id. (E.)
S. 13° W., 5 miles (6° 06' 48"
N„ 121° 20' 32" E.).
Noble Pt., Tulayan Id. (E.),
S. 38° E., 9.5 miles (6° 09'
20" N., 121° 13' 40" E.).
Jolo Lt. (Jolo), N. 77° E., 14.9
miles (6° 00' 20" N., 120° 45'
35" E.).
Jolo Lt. (Jolo), N. 80° E.,
. do .
. .do .
D. 5547
C. S. 4542;
. . .do .
D. 5548
Apr., 1903.
. do .
Sept. 17
D. 5549
. do .
. . .do .
D. 5550
15.8 miles (6° 01' 15" N.,
120° 44' 20" E.).
Jolo Lt. (Jolo), N. 83° E.,
. do .
. . .do .
15.5 miles (6° 02' 00" N., 120°
44' 40" E.).
Sulade Id., north .
. do .
. . .do .
D. 5551
Jolo Lt. (E.), N. 60° E., 18
. do .
...do .
miles (5° 54' 48" N., 120°
44' 24" E.).
Time of
day.
5.25 a. m.
5.51 a. m.
6.34 a. m.
6.56 a. m.
8.46 a. m.
9.04 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
1.00 p. m.
10.34 a. m.
11.17 a. m.
7.45 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
8.30 a. m.
1.30 p. m.
7.30 p. m.
8.30 a. m.
2.00 p. m.
9.30 a. m.
3.00 p. m.
7.30 p. m.
8.30 a. m.
2.00 p. m.
9.00 a. m.
9.26 a. m.
9.43 a. m.
10.34 a. m.
10.52 a. m.
1.31 p. m.
1.51 p. m.
7.55 a. m.
8.20 a. m.
9.09 a. m.
9.36 a. m.
10.20 a. m.
10.46 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
1. 46 p. m.
2.07 p. m.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
fms.
219
fne. S., brk. Sh _
200
fne. S., brk. Sh....
162
S .
S.,Co .
759
gn. M., fne. S .
S., Co., R .
S., R., Co .
Co .
Co., S., R .
S., Co .
Co., S .
Co., S .
Co .
s., Co .
Co .
Co., S .
Co.; S .
Co., S .
114
fne. co. S .
138
fne. co. S .
155
232
S., brk Sh .
263
S., Glob., For .
258
fne. S., Sh .
Co., S .
193
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
81
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910— Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
| Air.
| Surface. •
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
53.3
h.
m.
mi.
81
83
12' Tnr
botm...
21
S. 17° E...
1.0
54.3
83
83
12' Tnr..
botm...
20
S. 25° W . .
1.4
Net came up torn
and tangled.
54.5
86
84
12' Tnr .
17
S. 20° W . .
. 7
Bridle stops car¬
ried away, frame
bent, net badly
tom.
22 shots.
4-12 ft..
8
00
4
30
1.5
49.8
82
83
600 fins.
20
N. 49° W. .
1.5
33
10—15 ft -
3
30
10-18 ft.
2
45
10 shots.
1
00
12-15 ft
1
00
Do.
9-20 ft..
3
30
16 shots.
10-30 ft.
9
30
S
6 shots.
6-18 ft..
4
00
18 shots.
1
15
8— 18 ft
3
00
9 shots.
10-20 ft.
3
30
10 shots.
8-10 ft
2
00
8 shots.
-
10— 15 ft.
2
30
12 shots.
1
00
4-6 ft .
3
00
14 shots.
8-10 ft..
3
15
12 shots.
8-20 ft..
3
00
7 shots.
82
82
9' Tnr .
botm...
16
S. 34° E...
1.1
58.3
83
82
9' Tnr . .
botm...
19
S. 49° E...
1.4
56.3
84
82
9' Tnr . .
botm...
20
S. 32° E...
1.5
53.5
82
82
9' Tnr.; m. b..
botm...
29
N. 55° W..
1.5
52.3
83
83
9' Tnr.; m. b...
botm...
21
N. 23° E . .
1.1
52.3
85
83
botm...
-
28
S. 60° E...
1.2
10-15 ft.
4
00
14 shots.
53.3
84
83
9' Tnr.........
botm...
20
S. 15° E...
1.1
82
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No. I
D. 5552
D. 5553
D. 5554
D. 5555
D. 5556
D. 5557
D. 5558
D. 5559
D. 5560
D. 5561
D. 5562
Chart.
Date.
D. 5563
D. 5564
D. 5565
D. 5566
D. 5567
D. 5568
D. 5569
D. 5570
Jolo I. and vicinity — Cont’d.
Jolo Lt. (E.), N. 60° E., 18.3
miles (5° 54' 30" N., 120°
44' 15" E.).
Sulade Id. (NW.), S. 4° E.,
0.5 mile (5° 51' 00" N., 120°
46' 30" E.).
Cabalian Pt. (Jolo), N. 76°
E„ 3.8 miles (5° 52' 27" N„
120° 52' 18" E.).
Cabalian Pt. (Jolo), N. 50°
W., 3.3 miles (5° 51' 15" N.,
120° 58' 35" E.).
Cabalian Pt., N. 59° W., 4.5
miles (5° 50' 55" N„ 121° 00'
00" E.).
Teomabal Id. (N.) .
Cabalian Pt., N. 70° W., 5.2
miles (5° 51' 30" N., 121° 01'
00" E.).
Cabalian Pt., S., 1.1 miles (5°
51' 33" N., 121° 00' 58" E.).
Cabalian Pt., N. 66° W., 5.1
miles (5° 51' 36" N., 121°
00' 45" E.).
Cabalian Pt., N. 76° W., 5
miles (5° 52' 00" N., 121°
01' 06").
Teomabal Id. (NW.), S. 36°
W„ 0.2 mile (5° 50' 45" N.,
121° 01' 15" E.).
Tutu Bay (Jolo) .
Tanun Pt. (Jolo), N. 87° E.,
17.2 miles (5° 54' 20" N.,
121° 13' 12" E.).
Between Jolo and Tawi Tawi.
Siasi Id., north .
Tara Id., Panpan Pt .
Bolipongpong Id., south -
Singaan Id., north .
Daxnmi Id. (N.), N.79° W„
6.1 miles (5° 48' 12" N., 120°
30' 48" E.).
Dammi Id. (N.), S. 85° W.,
6.1 miles (5° 50' 00" N.,
120° 31' 00" E.).
Dammi Id. (N.), S. 69° W..
6 miles (5° 51' 42" N., 120°
30' 30" E.).
Dammi Id. (N.), S. 67° W„
6.8 miles (5° 52' 12" N., 120°
31' 00" E.;.
North ol Tawi Tawi.
Dammi Id. (N.), N. 81° W.,
9 miles (5° 48' 00" N., 120°
33' 45" E.).
Singaan Id. (N.), West, 0.9
mile (5° 45' 50" N., 120°
26' 00" E.).
Simaluc Id. (SE.), S. 8° W„
6.4 miles (5° 33' 15" N„
120° 15' 30" E.).
Simaluc Id. (SE.), S. 17°.E.,
5.7 miles (5° 32' 15" N.,
120° 12' 57" E.).
C. S. 4542;
Apr., 1903.
_ do.
_ do .
_ do . .
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
C. S. 4544;
Oct., 1906.
_ do .
C. S. 4722;
Jan., 1909.
_ do .
_ do .
_ do .
_ do .
_ do .
C. S. 4722;
Jan., 1909.
. do .
. do .
_ do .
1909.
Sept. 17
..do _
Sept. 18
..do _
..do _
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Sept. 19.
..do _
Sept. 20.
..do .
..do .
Sept. 21.
. ..do .
. ..do .
. ..do _
...do _
Sept. 21.
. ..do .
Sept. 22.
...do .
Time of
day.
Depth.
fms.
3. 18 p. m.
7. 28 p. m.
9. 19 a. m.
9. 29 a. m.
10. 59 a. m.
11.09 a. m.
11.36 a. m.
1.30 p. m.
2.58 p. m.
3.17 p. m.
3. 35 p. m.
4.04 p. m.
6. 13 p. m.
8. 15 a. m,
1. 45 p. m,
6.07 p. m.
1.00 p. m.
3.30 p. m.
10. 00 a. m.
10.25 a. m.
10. 47 a. m.
11.24 a. m.
11. 45 a. m.
12. 32 p. m.
1.00 p. m
1. 42 p. m.
2. 07 p. m,
3. 36 p. m
4. 05 p. m
6. 35 p. m.
8.19 a m.
8. 49 a. m
9. 55 a. m.
10.27 a. m
236
243
244
Character of
bottom.
Co., S.
crs. S..
sctrd. Co., S.
S., Co* .
Co*.
Co.*.
Co., S.
Co., S.
Co., S.
Co., S .
S., Co., R.
Co .
fne. co. S . .
fne. Co., S .
S., ptr. Sh .
fne. S., Sh.
fne. S.
S., Co.
303
330
co. S .
fne. S., Glob.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
83
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
ft.
TO.
mi.
83
83
9' Tnr.;m.b...
botm...
21
S. 23° E . . .
1.5
Depth about as
previous station.
82
83
surface .
10
41
Ship at anchor.
83
84
6' McC...Y. ...
botm...
6
N. 74° W . .
.2
Net torn.
82
83
6' McC....'....
botm...
4
N. 75° E.. .
.5
82
83
3
N. 68° E...
.3
Trawl and 15 fins
cable lost.
7 shots.
10-25 ft.
3
30
83
82
6' McC .
botm...
5
S W
.1
83
82
6' McC .
botm...
3
S. 44° W...
. 4
83
82
6' McC .
botm...
7
s w
. 6
83
82
6' McC .
botm...
9
S. 20° E...
. 5
Everything car¬
ried away except
bridle.
81
82
11
47
Ship at anchor.
10-20 ft.
2
15
2-20 ft..
2
30
10 shots.
84
82
11
41
Ship at anchor.
15 ft . . .
1
30
8-15 ft..
1
30
Do.
8-20 ft..
1
Do.
9-25 ft..
8
00
17 shots.
52.3
83
83
botm...
18
N. 6° W...
1.3
52.3
84
83
9' Tnr _ _ . ...
botm...
28
N. 9° E...
1.5
52.3
86
84
9' Tnr.; m. b. .
botm...
21
N.45°E...
.7
52.5
84
84
9' Tnr _ .....
botm. . .
27
N.56°E...
1.6
52.0
85
83
21
N.71°E...
1.2
82
83
surface .
11
20
Ship at anchor.
52.3
84
83
botm...
10
S. 73° E . . .
1.0
Net torn.
52.3
87
83
9' Tnr.; m. b. .
botm...
17
N. 45° W . .
1.0
Net came up
fouled on bolt
head.
84
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Station
No.
D. 5571
D. 5572
D. 5573
D. 5574
D. 5575
D. 5576
D. 5577
D. 5578
D. 5579
D. 5580
D. 5581
D. 5582
D. 5583
D. 5584
D. 5585
D. 5586
D. 5587
D. 5588
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Position.
North of Tawi Tawi— Cont’d.
Simaluc Id., north .
Simaluc Id. (N.), S. 66° E.,
5.8 miles (5° 30' 45" N.,
120° 07' 57" E.).
Simaluc Id. (N.), S. 51° E.,
4.7 miles (5° 31' 26" N.,
120° 09' 45" E.).
Simaluc Id. (N.), S. 86° E.,
0.4 mile (5° 28' 30" N„
120° 13' 00" E.).
Simaluc Id. (N.), S. 66° E.,
5.8 miles (5° 30' 45" N.,
120° 07' 57" E.).
Mt. Dromedario (Tawi
Tawi), S. 16° W„ 19.2
miles (5° 28' 30" N., 120° 02'
27" E.).
Mt. Dromedario, S. 22° W.,
17.2 miles (5° 25' 56" N.,
120° 03' 39" E.).
Bacun River (Tawi Tawi)....
Simaluc Sibi Sibi Id .
Mt. Dromedario, S. 9° W.,
' 10.9 miles (5° 20' 36" N.,
119° 58' 51" E.).
Mt. Dromedario, S. 9° W.,
4.8 miles (5° 14' 38" N.,
119° 57' 57" E.).
1 iciniiy of Darvel Bay,
Borneo.
Reef NW. of Tumindao Id . .
Sibutu Id. peak, S. 77° E.,
20.3 miles (4° 54' 15" N.,
119° 09' 52" E.).
Sibutu Id. peak, S. 82° E.,
23.2 miles (4° 52' 45" N.,
119° 06' 45" E.).
Bumbum Id., north . .
Bumbum Id. (NW.), S. 83°
W„ 3.5 miles (4° 30' 25" N.,
118° 41' 30" E.).
Si Ami! Id. (N.), S. 82° W„
6.2 miles (4° 19' 54" N., 118°
58' 38" E.).
Danawan Id .
Sibuko Bay, Borneo, and
vicinity.
Si Amil Id. (N.) N. 88 W, 3.2
mile (4° 19' 00" N., 118° 56'
20" E.).
Si Amil Id. (N.) N. 74° W„
5.4 miles (4° 17' 40" N., 118°
57' 42" E.).
Sipadan Id. (M.) S. 89° W„
12 miles (4° 07' 00" N., 118°
49' 54" E.).
Sipadan Id. (M.) West, 9.4
miles (4° 06' 50" N„ 118°
47' 20" E.).
Sipadan Id. (N.) .
Sipadan Id. (W.) S. 12° E..
3.8 miles (4° 10' 35" N., 118°
37' 12. E.).
Mabul Id. (S.) N. 81° E., 1.7
miles (4° 14' 20" N., 118° 36'
48" E.).
Chart.
1909.
C. S. 4722;
Sept. 22.
Jan., 1909.
. do .
...do .
. do .
...do .
C. S. 4514;
. ..do .
Jan., 1906
C. S. 4722;
. ..do .
Jan., 1909.
C. S. 4514;
. ..do .
Jan., 1906.
. ...do .
. ..do .
. do .
. ..do .
/
. do .
. ..do .
C. S. 4722;
Sept. 24.
Jan., 1909.
. do .
Sept. 25.
. do .
...do .
. do .
. ..do .
H O. 2117;
June, 1903.
. do .
Sept. 26.
. ..do .
Sept. 27.
H. O. 2117;
Sept. 27
June, 1903.
. do .
. ..do _
. do .
Sept. 28
. do .
... do _
Date.
Time of
day.
.do.
.do.
.do.
. ..do ..
. . .do. . .
...do _
12.30 p. m,
1.31 p. m.
2. 00 p. m
3. 02 p. m.
3.34 p. m
Depth.
6.03 p. m.
7.20 a. m.
9.07 a. m.
9. 43 a. m.
10. 50 a. m.
11.22 a. m.
1.30 p. m.
1.30 p. m.
2.38 p. m.
3.01 p. m.
8. 00 p. m
1.00 p. m,
8. 03 a. m.
8.25 a. m,
9.20 a. m,
9. 40 a. m,
2.30 p. m,
5. 55 p. m,
10. 11 a. m
11. 15 a. m
2.00 p. m.
8. 15 a. m.
1.48 p. m.
2.33 p. m.
3.28 p. m.
4.02 p. m.
8.49 a. m.
9.31 a. m.
11.09 a. m.
11.44 a. m.
2.00 p. m.
2.35 p. m.
3.11 p. m.
6.10 p. m.
fms.
340
334
12
340
315
Character of
bottom.
S„ Co.
S„ Sh.
240
162
21
890
447
292
476
347
415
11
Co., S.
Co., wh. S.
crs. S .
Co., S .
fne. S., Co... .
br. S„ Co.
Co., S....
S., Co .
gy. M., fne. S.
S., Co.
S., Co.
fne. S .
fn. S., gn. M..
gy. M .
gy- M.
Co., S .
gn. M., S., Co.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
85
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
5-18 ft..
h. m.
4 00
mi.
11 shots.
52.3
81
84
9' Tnr.; m.b..
botm...
21
N. 67° E.. .
1.4
52.3
82
84
9' Tnr.; m.b..
botm...
26
N.82°E...
1.9
83
83
surface .
11
42
Ship at anchor.
81
82
botm. . .
24
N. 58° E.. .
1.2
52.3
83
83
botm. . .
20
S. 86° E . . .
2.2
53.3
84
84
9' Tnr.; m.b..
botm...
08
S. 2° E _
1. 7
dyn.; sml.
seines.
3
30
4 shots.
8 shots.
5-20 ft..
3
30
54.3
79
82
9' Tnr.; m.b..
botm...
18
S. 61° E . . .
1.8
Mud bag lost.
77
82
9
49
Ship at anchor.
17 shots.
5-25 ft..
4
00
55.3
80
82
9' Tnr.; m.b..
botm...
20
S. 37° W...
1.5
55.8
82
83
9' Tnr.; m.b..
17
S. 16° W...
1.0
4-15 ft..
3
00
13 shots.
82
83
surface .
11
55
Ship at anchor.
0
38.3
81
82
9' Tnr.; m.b..
17
S. 17° E . . .
3.3
3-20 ft..
3
30
5-20 ft..
8
30
27 shots.
40.3
84
85
9' Tnr.; m. b.
botm . .
28
S. 46° E...
2.0
44.3
80
84
9' Tnr.; m.b..
botm . .
21
S. 56° W..
1.3
Net badly tom
and Tanner
beam lost.
41.1
84
82
9' Tnr; m. b!..
botm . .
20
S. 53° W..
1.9
44.0
83
84
33
N. 42° W..
.8
8-20 ft..
0
15
13 shots.
42.3
85
85
21
S. 15° E...
1.5
83
82
int. 4 .
surface .
11
35
Ship at anchor.
59395°— 11
16
86
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
D. 5589
D. 5590
D. 5591
D. 5592
D. 5593
D. 5594
D. 5595
D. 5596
D. 5597
D. 5598
D. 5599
D. 5600
D. 5601
D. 5602
D. 5603
D. 5604
Position.
Sibuko Bay, Borneo, and
cinity — Continued.
Mabul Id. (S) .
Mabul Id. (NW.) N. 3° W.,
2.8 miles (4° 12' 10" N., 118°
38' 08" E.).
Mabul Id. (NW.) N. 22° W„
4.3 miles (4° 10' 50" N., 118°
39' 35" E.).
Mabul Id. (NW.) N. 6° W„
3.1 miles (4° 11' 48" N., 118°
38' 20" E.).
Silungan Id. (M.) N. 1° W.,
6.4 miles (4° 12' 44" N., 118°
27' 44" E.).
Mt. Putri (sea tangent) Bor¬
neo, N. 52° W., 17.2 miles
(4° 02' 40" N., 118° 11' 20"
E.).
Tawao River .
Mt. Putri (sea tangent) S.
82° E., 5.9 miles (4° 14' 20"
N., 117° 53' 12" E.).
Silimpopon River .
Off Zamboanga, Mindanao,
P. I.
Zamboanga Lt. N. 31° W.,
0.1 mile (6° 54' 00" N., 122°
04' 30" east).
_ do . . . .
_ do .
. do . .
. do .
North of Celebes.
Menado (town) S. 58° E., 68
miles (2° 05' 00" N., 123° 52'
30" E.).
Talisse Id., east .
Limbe Strait, vicinity of
Strait Id.
Gulf of Tomini, Celebes.
Kema (town) .
Limbe Id. (NE.), N., 20.7
miles (1° 13' 10"N„ 125° 17'
05" E.).
Gorontalo pier, N., 7.1 miles
(0° 22' 00" N., 132° 03'
30" E.).
Chart.
IP. O. 2117;
June, 1903.
_ do .
.do .
. do .
.do. _
B. A. 2099;
Apr., 1895.
B. A. 2576;
Oct., 1882,
cor . to
Aug., 1905.
B. A. 2099;
Apr., 1895.
C. S. 4645;
July, 1907.
.do. .
.do. .
.do .
.do .
H. O. 1727;
Apr., 1909.
B. A. 930;
May, 1866.
cor. to
May, 1907.
Gorontalo pier N. 6° W., 5.7
m. (00° 24’ 00" N., 123° 03'
45" E.).
Bilatu ( town), N. 26° W ., 8.7
miles (0° 22' 30" N., 122° 42'
30" E.).
Dodepo and Pasejogo Ids.
B. A. 1727.
_ do. . .
B. A. 942a;
Oct., 1868;
cor. to
Mar., 1906.
_ do .
. .do .
. B. A. 900;
Mar., 1901;
cor. to
I Mar., 1907.
Date.
19C9.
Sept. 29
...do _
...do _
...do -
...do _
...do _
Sept. 30
...do _
Oct. 2
Oct. 6
Oct. 10
Oct. 12
...do... .
. . .do _
Nov. 7
Nov. 9
Nov. 10
Nov. 13
...do _
Nov. 14
Nov. 15
...do _
Nov. 16
Time of
day.
7.0f a. m.
7.16 a. m.
7.44 a. m.
8.33 a. m.
9.02 a. m.
10.54 a. m.
3.33 p. m.
4.00 p. m.
7.25 p. m.
7.34 p. m.
9.30 a. m.
7.24 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
7.13 p. m.
6.00 p. m.
11.45 a. m.
3.10 p. m.
6.20 p. m.
7.06 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
4.30 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
8.45 a. m.
1.15 p. m.
2.18 p. m.
9.01 a. m.
10.15 a. m.
1.12 p. m.
2.37 p. m.
7.25 p. m.
8.00 a m.
Depth.
fms.
260
310
260
305
38
765
962
803
Character of
bottom.
Co .
fne. gy. S., gy. M.
gn. M., S.
gn. M.
fne. S.
M., S
Co.
Co....
S„ Co.
S., Co.
S., Glob., Ptr .
gy. M.
Co.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
87
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
1
Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
7-25 ft..
h. m.
5 00
mi.
15 shots.
45.7
Luc. sdr. (a). .
81
82
botm . .
20
S. 49° E...
2.0
44.3
82
83
21
S. 55° E
21
84
84
9' Tnr .
botm . .
21
S. 58° E...
1.8
Depth estimated
from dredging
wire angle.
43.3
83
85
9' Tnr.
botm . .
10
N. 65° E...
. 7
84
83
botm . .
15
1.4
Frame badly bent.
8 30
76
83
' .
int. 4 .
surface .
1 37
Ship at anchor.
Net badly torn.
dyn .
9 00
80
80
int. 4 .
10 50
Ship at anchor.
Do.
80
81
int. 4 .
12 30
83
82
int. 4 .
2 20
Do.
85
82
int. 4 .
3 00
Do.
84
82
int. 5 .
11 15
Do.
80
82
int. 4 .
surface.
26
No bearings ob¬
tainable.
10-18 ft.
5 30
8-10 ft. .
1 30
dyn .
8-10 ft . .
4 30
dyn .
8-15 ft..
4 00
7ft ....
2 00
2 hauls.
81
83
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm . .
21
S. 29° E...
1.8
81
84
12' Agz...;....
botm . .
20
S .
2.0
Net torn; bridle
ropes torn loose.
....
84
84
13
E... .
1.0
One bridle stop
carried away.
No bearings ob¬
tainable.
83
83
int. 4 .
surface.
25
8-20 ft..
4 00
18 shots.
88
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Station
No.
D. 5605
D. 5606
D. 5607
D. 5608
D. 5609
ij.aio'
D. 5611
D. 5612
i>."56i3
D. 5614
D. 5615
D. 5616
D. 5617
H. 4934
Dredging and Hydrographic Records op the U. S. Fisheries
Gulf of Tomini, Celebes — Con.
Dodepo Id. (W.) N. 14° W.,
5.9 miles (0° 21' 33" N. 121°
34' 10" E.).
Papajatu (Celebes) .
Sadaa Id., north .
Dodepo Id. (W.) N. 3° W.,
10.8 miles (0° 16' 28" N.,
121° 33' 30" E.).
Binang Unang Id., east .
Binang Unang Id. (E.) S. 36°
E., 5 miles (0° 04' 00" S..
121° 36' 00" E.).
Binang Unang Id. peak, S.
87° E., 19 miles (0° 08' 00"
S„ 121° 19' 00" E.).
Binang Unang Id. (N) N.
80° E., 21 miles (00° 11' 00"
5.. 121° 16' 00" E.).
Togian Bay, Togian Id .
Batu Daka Id. (S.) N. 87°
W., 20.9 miles (0° 36' 00"
5., 122° 01' 00" E.).
Buka Buka Id. (E.) S. 43°
W., 6.4 miles (0° 40' 30" S.,
121° 50' 00" E.).
Buka Buka Id. (E.) S. 3° E.,
7 miles (0° 38' 00" S.,
121° 45' 40" E.).
Buka Buka Id., north .
Buka Buka Id. (E.) S. 28°
4 miles (0° 42' 00" S.. 121°
44' 00" E.).
Malibagu Pt,. (Celebes) .
Molucca Passage.
Tifori Id. (C.) N.19° E„ 30.5
miles (0° 31' 00" N., 125°
58' 45" E.).
Tifore Id. (C.) N. 40° W„ 35
miles (0° 32' 30" N., 126° 31'
30" E.).
Tifore Id. (C.) N. 62° W., 50
miles (0° 36' 00" N., 126°
52' 20" E.).
Dodinga Bay, Gillolo Id.
Tidore Id., north .
Maitarald., north .
Ternate Id. (SE.) S. 45° W.,
7 miles (00° 49' 30" N., 127°
25' 30" E.).
Ternate Id. (SE.)S.33° W.,
7.8 miles (0° 51' 00" N., 127*
25' 10" E.).
Chart.
B. A. 900;
Mar, 1901;
cor. to
Mar., 1907.
_ do .
- do .
_ do .
B. A. 942a;
Oct., 1868,
cor. to
Mar., 1906.
_ do .
.do _
.do _
.do _
.do -
...do _
. .do _
.do .
.do .
.do.
Date.
1909.
Nov. 16
. .do _
Nov. 17
...do _
...do _
Nov. 18
...do _
...do... .
Nov. 19
...do _
...do _
Nov. 20
Time of
day.
Depth.
fms.
9.27 a. m. | 647
10.25 a. m. .
2.00 p. m.
6.00 a. m. I
9. 09 a. m. [
10.07 a. m.
8.25 a. m. !
9.20 a m. J
12.48 p. m.
2.02 p. m.
3.37 p. m.
4.51 p. m.
7.45 a. m.
3.59 p. m.
4.50 p. m.
7.14 p. m.
6.04 a. m.
7.22 a. m.
..do _ .| 9.15 a. m.
..do _ ,| 10.16 a. m.
11.14 a. m.
Nov. 21
B. A. 942a: Nov. 22
Oct., 1868, !
cor. to
Mar., 1906. !
_ do . ...do _
_ do . ...do _
B. A. 942a;
Oct., 1868,
cor. to
Mar., 1906.
_ do .
_ do .
. do.
Nov. 24
Nov. 26
Nov. 27
. .do. . ..
10 00 a. m. 1
6.44 a. m.
7.58 a. m.
1.16 p. m.
2.37 p. m.
6.44 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
8.15 a. m.
10.42 a. m.
11.01 a. m.
11.37 a. m.
834
4.00 p. m. . Cp., S
Character of
bottom.
M„ Co....
Co., R„ S.
gn. M .
761 ! fne. S.
1,089 | gy. M.
1,092 i gn. M.
678
750
752
1,100
1,021
131
Co....
gy- m.
Co....
gy- m.
Co.
gy. M., S., Glob..
Co.
Co.
S., Lav .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
89
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910-^-Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
Air.
Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth .
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h. m.
mi.
82
82
12' Agz .
botm . .
21
S. 63° W . .
1.7
Net slightly torn.
2 shots.
15-20 ft.
1
10-20 ft.
1
10 shots.
83
83
12' Agz... . ... .
botm . .
20
S. 28° E...
2.5
10-12 ft.
2
11 shots.
81
83
botm . .
20
S. 50° W..
1.5
36.3
80
82
botm . .
20
S. 40° W . .
3.5
36.3
83
83
33
S. 39° E...
2.0
dyn .
5— 18 ft. .
3 30
Do.
84
87
27
N. 63° W. .
2.0
83
84
surface .
20
.
Therm., sounding
cup, stray line
and lead, and 70
fms. wire lost.
21 shots.
80
83
22
S. 5° E....
1.5
5-15 ft..
3 00
85
84
19
N. 20° E..
1.8
* .
10-20 ft.
1 30
7 shots.
Shot failed to de-
82
84
botm . .
12
N. W .
1.5
tach.
Bridie stop car¬
ried away; net
torn.
84
84
12' Agz...'..'...
20
s. w .
1.5
80
84
20-30
18
2
dyn .
G— 18f t . .
4 00
8 shots.
8— 18ft. .
3 45
13 shots.
84
84
12' Agz.. .....
botm...
10
N. 71° W..
1.0
90
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Station
No.
D. 5618
D. 5619
D. 5620
D. 5621
D. 5622
D. 5623
D. 5624
D. 5625
D. 5626
D. 5627
D. 5628
D. 5629
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Position.
Molucca Passage.
Mareh Id., S. 69° E., 7.8
miles (0° 37' 00" N., 127° 15'
00" E.).
Mareh Id. (S.) S. 78° E., 7
miles (0° 35' 00" N., 127° 14'
40" E.).
Makyan Id. (S.),S. 44° E., 7
miles (0° 21' 30" N., 127° 16'
45" E.).
Between Gillolo and Makyan
islands.
Makyan Id. (SE.) .
Makyan Id. (S.),N. 54° W.,
3 miles (0° 15' 00" N., 127°
24' 35" E.).
Powati Anchorage (Makyan).
Makyan Id. (NE.), N.66°W.,
4.1 miles (0° 19' 20" N., 127°
28' 30" E.).
Makyan Id. (S.), S. 88° W.,
7.5 miles (0° 16' 30" N., 127°
30' 00" E.).
Makyan Id. (S.), N. 67° W.,
8.9 miles (0°12' 15" N., 127°
29' 30" E.).
Between Gillolo and Kayoa
islands.
Kayoa Id. (northeast). . . _
Kayoa Id. (SE.), S. 3° W„
6 miles (0° 07' 00" N., 127°
28' 00" E.).
Kayoa Id. (SE.), S. 5° W.,
6.7 miles (0° 07' 30" N., m6
29' 00" E.).
Kayoa Id. (SE.), S. 15° E.,
4.5 miles (0° 06' 00" N., 127°
26' 00" E.).
Patiente Strait and southward.
St. Lamo Id. (SE.), N. 9° W.,
7 miles (0° 28' 30" S., 127°
45' 00" E.).
Gane (Gillolo) .
Doworra Id. (S.), S. 62° W.,
6 miles (0° 50' 00" S., 128°
12' 00" E.).
Doworra Id. (south) .
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
B. A. 942a;
Oct., 1868,
cor. to
Mar., 1906.
. do .
1909.
Nov. 27
...do _
2.07 p. m.
2.44 p. m.
3.36 p. m.
4.12 p. m.
. do .
Nov. 28
5.48 a. m.
6.24 a. m.
B. A. 942a. Nov. 28
Oct., 1868;
cor. to Mar.,
1906.
_ do . do. . ..
B. A. 912,
Mar., 1885;
I cor. to Oct.,
1906.
B. A. 942a,
Oct., 1868;
cor. to Mar-
1906 .
Nov. 29
...do _
. do.
. . .do.
8.30 a. m.
9.21 a. m.
9.50 a. m.
6.00 a. m.
7.36 a. m.
8.03 a. m.
8.56 a. m.
9.22 a. m.
..do .
. . .do _
10.30 a. m.
10.58 a. m.
B. A. 942a,
Oct., 1868;
cor. to Mar..
1906.
. do .
.do.
.do.
B. A. 942a,
Oct., 1868;
cor. to Nar.,
1906.
B. A. 912...
Mar., 1885;
cor. to Oct.,
1906.
B. A. 942a,
Oct., 1868;
cor. to Mar.,
1906.
Nov. 29
. .do _
...do.
. . .do.
Dec. 1
Dec. 2
_ do . do _ 8.00 a. m
1.30 p. m.
1.49 p. m.
2.16 p. m.
3.09 p. m.
3.34 p. m.
6.02 p. m.
11.22 a. m.
12.45 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
6.14 a. m.
6.43 a. m.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
fms. .
417
gy. M .
435
fne. gy. S., M .
358
gy. m .
S., Co .
298
gy.andbk.S.(m.b.)
S., Co .
275
gy. M .
272
fne. S., M .
288
fne. S., M .
Co .
230
gy. M., fne. S .
265
gy. M., fne. S .
22
M .
1,291
205
Co .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS
91
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
U
j Surface.
| Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
° F.
h. m.
mi.
82
84
botm...
20
S. 13° W . .
2.0
83
84
botm...
29
S. 22° E...
1.8
80
82
21
1.0
8— 18ft . .
3 00
17 shots.
81
84
12' Agz.; m. b.
20
S. 28° E...
1.2
10-20ft.
1 00
4 shots.
Luc. sdr. (c) . .
80
83
12' Agz.; m. b.
botm...
21
S. 10° E...
1.0
81
83
botm...
20
1.0
83
83
12' Agz .
20
S. 15° E...
1.5
8-30 ft..
3 00
20 shots.
83
84
botm...
21
S. 5° W...
1.8
84
84
12' Agz.... ...
botm...
18
1.0
83
83
5 fms...
11 40
Ship at anchor.
Stray line carried
away.
One bridle stop
carried away.
24 shots.
80
84
20
S. 20° E...
2.5
#
10-25ft.
7 00
80
83
02
Dredge frame
runner badly
bent; lead rope
broken; bridle
stops lost.
13 shots.
dvn .
10-20 ft.
3 30
92
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Station
No.
D. 5630
D. 5631
D. 5632
D. 5633
D. 5634
D. 5635
D. 5636
D. 5637
H.4935
D. 5638
D. 5639
D. 5640
iSlmi
D. 5642
D. 5643
Position.
Chart.
Date.
South of Patiente Strait.
1909.
Doworra Id. (N.), N. 3° W.,
4.5 miles (0° 56' 30" S., 128 6
B. A. 942a,
Oct., 1868;
cor. to Mar.,
Dec. 2
05' 00" E.).
1906.
Doworra Id. (N.), N. 58° E.,
10.5 miles (0°57' 00" S., 127°
. do .
...do _
56' 00" E.).
Selang Pt. (Bachian Id.), N.
. do .
...do _
56° W., 12.5 miles (1° 00'
00" S., 127° 50' 00" E.).
Selang Pt., N. 24° W., 11.8
. do .
...do _
miles (1° 03' 00" S., 127° 44'
00" E.).
Pitt Passage.
Gomomo Id. (E.), N. 41° E.,
3 miles (1° 54' 00" S., 127d
B. A. 942a,
Dec. 3
Oct., 1868;
cor. to Mar.,
1906.
36' 00" E.).
Gomomo Id. (S.) .
. do .
. . .do _
Gomomo Id. (E.j, N. 14° W.,
. do .
. ..do -
2.5 miles (1° 53' 30" S., 127°
39' 00" E.).
Gomomo Id (E.), N. 46° W.,
. . .do .
. . .do _
6 miles (1° 55' 00" S., 127°
42' 30" E.).
Bouro Id. (south) and vicinity.
Uki Id .
B. A. 942a;
Oct., 1868,
Dec. 9
cor. to Mar.,
1906.
Uki Id .
Amblau Id. (N.), N. 80° E.,
21 miles (3° 53' 20" S.,
. do .
Dec. 10
48' 00" E.).
Tifu Bay (Bouro Id.) .
. do .
. ..do _
Tifu Bay entrance (W.), N.
. do .
. . .do -
4° E„ 2.2 miles (3° 46' 15"
S., 126° 24' 40" E.).
Tifu Bay entrance (W.), N.
17° E., 3.2 miles (3° 47' 15"
. do .
...do -
S., 126° 23' 40" E.).
Dec. 11
Molucca Sea.
Cape Pamali (Wowoni Id.),
B. A. 3616;
Dec. 13
(N.), S. 77° W., 27 miles
(3° 54' 50" S., 123° 27' 20"
E.).
May, 1907.
Buton Strait.
Labuan Blanda Id., N. 88°
B. A. 3470;
Dec. 13
E., 1 mile (4° 27' 00" S.,
122° 55' 40" E.).
Apr., 1906.
Labuan Blanda Id. (S.) .
_ _ do .
Dec. 14
Kalono Pt. (W.), N. 61° W..
3.4 miles (4° 29' 24" S., 1224
. do .
. ..do _
52' 30" E.).
Tikola Peninsula (N.), N.
. do .
. . .do _
38° W., 6.5 miles (4°31' 40"
S., 122° 49' 42" E.).
Pendek Id. (N.), S. 77° E..
1.7 miles (5° 11' 45" S., 12215
. do .
...do -
42' 36" E.).
Time of
clay.
Depth.
8.51 a. m.
9.36 a. m.
1.11 p. m.
2.16 p. m.
4.12 p. m.
5.08 p. m.
7.14 p. m.
6.27 a. m.
7.02 a. m.
8.15 a. m.
9.24 a. m.
9.56 a. m.
11.51 a. m.
1.18 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
8.00 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
7.06 a. m.
7.57 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
1.30 p.m.
2.00 p. m.
2.36 p. m.
1.00 p. m.
7.00 p. m.
5.23 a. m.
7.11 a. m.
5.02 p. m.
5.10 p. m.
6.00 a. m.
9.30 a. m.
9.41 a. m.
10.50 a. m.
11.00 a. m.
1.00 p. m.
3.15 p m.
3.42 p. m.
4.06 p. m.
Character of
bottom.
fms.
569
809
845
329
1,262
700
1,560
co. S., M
gn. M. (in net) _
co. S . .
hrd . .
Co., R., soapstone.
gy. M., fne. S _
mrgn. Co.
S., R..
gy- M.
S., M., R., Co.
fne. gy. S
Co., S.
gy- M.
S., brk. Sh.
mrgn. Co.
S., Sh....
gy- M.
S., Co.
Co., S.
gn. M.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS
93
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Trial.
Drift.
<
Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Apparatus.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
Remarks.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h. m.
mi.
82
84
botm...
24
S. S. W...
1.8
Sounding cup lost.
84
86
botm...
20
N. by W . .
1.5
83
82
85
22
S. E. by E.
2.0
84
surface .
19
No bearings ob¬
tainable.
81
84
12' Agz .
botm...
13
S.W.by S.
1.0
6-20 ft..
7 30
23 shots.
82
S3
botm...
05
S. S. E....
.5
Bridle stops lost;
frame bent.
83
83
botm...
20
S. by E...
2.5
10-30 ft.
6 00
19 shots.
9 00
7.0
12 ft . . .
3 30
9 hauls.
79
83
botm...
12
S. 21° W . .
1.3
Net fouled on bot-
2-20 ft..
3 15
tom.
18 shots.
84
86
botm...
20
S. 78° E...
1.0
3-15 ft..
4 30
13 shots.
1 30
82
84
9' Agz. rev....
botm...
31
N. 36° W..
.8
84
84
12' Agz........
botm...
12
N. 52° W..
.3
5ft .
1 45
5 shots.
83
84
-ftf
'
12' Agz........
botm...
17
S. 81° W . .
.6
84
85
botm...
17
N. 75° W..
1.4
5-18 ft..
3 30
11 shots.
1
15-25 ft.
1 45
12 shots.
82
84
12' Agz .
botm...
17
S. 45° W. .
.7
94
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Station
No.
D. 5644
D. 5645
D 5646
D. 5647
D. 5648
D. 5649
D. 5650
D. 5651 !
D. 5652
D. 5653
D. 5654
D. 5655
H. 4936
D. 5656
D. 5657
D. 5658
D. 5659
H. 4937
D. 5660
D. 5661
D. 5662
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
Depth.
Character of
bottom.
Baton Strait— Continued.
Makasser Id. (E.), N. 4° E.,
1.3 miles (5° 27' 24" S., 122°
38' 00" E.).
North Id. (NE.), S. 10° W..
1.6 miles (5° 29' 06" S., 122°
36' 06" E.).
North Id. (S.), S. 68° E., 7.5
miles (5° 31' 30" S , 122° 22'
40" E.).
North Id. (S.), S. 87° E., 11.6
miles (5° 34' 00" S., 122° 18'
15" E.).
North Id. (S.), N.87° E., 10.2
miles (5° 35' 00" S., 122° 20'
00" E.).
North Id. (S.), N. 87° E., 22
miles (5° 36' 00" S., 122° 07’
36" E.).
Gulf of Boni.
Basa Id .
Lamulu Pt., N. 5° W., 12.5
miles (4° 53' 45" S., 121° 29'
00" E.).
Buginkali Pt., S. 67° E., 21
miles (4° 43' 50" S., 121° 23'
24" E.).
Lamulu, S. 36° E., 7.5 miles
(4° 35' 00" S., 121° 23' 06"
E.).
Lamulu, S. 40° E., 18 miles
(4° 27' 36" S., 121° 16' 36"
C. Tabako, N. 17° E., 21.5
miles (3° 42' 00" S., 120° 45'
50" E.).
Labuandata Bay .
C. Tabako, N. 7° E., 13 miles
(3° 34' 10" S., 120° 50' 30"
C. Tabako, N. 47° E., 9 miles
(3° 28' 00" S., 120° 45' 40"
E )
Olang Pt., N. 67° W., 14.5
miles (3° 17' 40" S., 120° 36'
45" E.).
Olang Pt., N. 61° W., 15.5
miles (3° 19' 40" S., 120° 36'
30" E.).
C. Loko Loko, S. 31° W. ,12
miles (3° 32' 40" S., 120° 31'
30" E.).
C. Lassa, S. 78° W., 19 miles
(5° 33' 20" S., 120° 47' 10"
E.).
Flores Sea.
C. Lassa, S. 78° W., 20.5 miles
(5° 32' 50" S., 120° 49' 10"
C. Lassa, S. 88° W., 20.5 miles
(5° 36' 30" S., 120° 49' 00"
E )
C. Lassa, N. 21° E., 12.5 miles
(5° 49' 40" S., 120° 24' 30"
E.).
Tana Keke Id. (W.), N. 17°
W., 12.5 miles (5° 43' 00" S.,
119° 18' 00" E.).
Tana Keke Id. (S.) .
B. A. 3470;
Apr., 1906.
1909.
Dec. 16
8.02 a m.
. do .
. . .do _
9.37 a. m.
9.54 a. m.
B. A. 3616;
May, 1907.
. ..do _
11.36 a. m.
12 10 p. m.
. do .
...do _
2.07 p. m.
2.44 p. m.
. do .
...do _
3.47 p. m.
4.29 p. m.
. do .
. . .do _
7.23 p. m.
B. A. 3616;
May, 1907.
. do .
Dec. 17
. . .do _
8.00 a. m.
8.34 a. m.
9.22 a. m.
. ..do .
. . .do _
1.39 p. m.
2.32 p. m.
. do .
. . .do _
4.39 p. m.
5.24 p. m.
. do .
. . .do _
7.23 p. m.
. do .
Dec. 18
5.41 a. m.
6.47 a. m.
. do .
. do .
. . .do _
...do -
9.00 a. m.
10.20 a. m.
11.00 a. m.
. do .
...do -
1.40 p. m.
. do .
Dec. 19
7.36 a. m.
8.37 a. m.
. do .
. ..do -
10.29 a. m.
11.08 a. m.
. do .
. ..do. . ..
1.38 p. m.
2.23 p. m.
. do .
Dec. 20
6.10 a m.
6.57 a. m.
B. A. 3616;
May, 1907.
Dec. 20
8.12 a. m.
. do .
. . .do _
9.14 a. m.
10.05 a. m.
. do .
. ..do -
4.05 p. m.
4.24 p. m.
B A. 2637,
June, 1885;
cor. to Oct ,
1904.
Dec. 21
. . .do. . . .
5.40 a. m.
6.12 a. m.
8.30 a m.
fms.
22
206
456
519
559
gn. M .
Co .
540
tide pools .
700
525
805
Co., S .
608
gy. M., fne. S .
667
484
492
510
gy. M .
702
S. M .
885
692
gy. m., s .
180
211
Co .
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
95
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
Air.
Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
| Distance.
°F. °F.
°F.
h. m.
mi.
80 83
11
S. 81° W..
.4
79 83
12' Agz .
01
N. 34° W..
JJ
79 83
20
1. 1
83 83
20
S. 40° E...
1.0
39.2
83 83
23
S. 55° E. . .
.8
83 83
21
12-20 ft.
3 00
3 00
40. 1
84 84
12' Agz .
botm...
10
S. 45° W..
.7
38.7
85 84
20
N. 11° W..
2.9
41.2
84 84
botm...
20
N. 61° W..
2.1
82 82
20
38.3
*
79 83
28
N. 1° W...
2.0
5-18 ft..
3 00
39.2
84 84
botm...
20
S. 45° E...
1.5
41.2
80 83
botm...
S. 41° W..
1.8
41.3
-t
cc
<M
oc
botm...
20
8. 19° W..
2.0
41.2
83 85
botm...
20
S. 35° E...
1.2
39.0
83 82
21
S. 62° E...
1.0
38.2
39.2
83 83
botm...
20
S. 58° E...
1.8
50.5
86 83
12' Agz........
03
N. 50° E..
1.1
48.8
'
82 83
12' Agz........
20
1.8
dyn .
9-18 ft..
2 45
Remarks.
No bearings ob¬
tainable.
10 shots.
Bridle stops car¬
ried away.
Sounding cup car¬
ried away.
No bearings ob¬
tainable.
12 shots.
Therm, failed to
register.
Net torn below
lead line.
No bottom speci¬
men.
16 shots.
96
U. S. FISHERIES STEAMER ALBATROSS,
Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U. S. Fisheries
Depth.
Character pf
bottom.
fms.
10
400
hrd .
1,008
M .
Co .
272
367
gy. s., M .
901
1,181
960
Co .
Co .
s ., Co .
»
Station
No.
Position.
Chart.
Date.
Time of
day.
D 5663
D. 5664
D. 5665
D. 5666
D. 5667
D. 5668
D. 5669
D. 5670
D. 5671
D. 5672
Macassar Strait.
Kapoposang Id. (E.), N. 11°
E., 1.7 miles (4° 43' 22" S.,
118° 57' 35" E.).
Kapoposang Lt., N. 66° E..
3.8 miles (4° 43' 22" S.t 118°
53' 18" E.).
Kapoposang Lt., S. 40° E.,
18.8miles(4°27'00"S., 118°
44' 00" E.).
(W.)..
W.. 11
118° 47'
&
W., 11
118° 47'
Libani Bay, Celebes
Onkona Pt., S. 1°
miles (2° 54' 30" S.,
00" E.).
Onkona Pt., S. 5°
miles (2° 56' 00" S.,
30" E.).
Mamuju Id. (E.), S. 31° E.,
10.6 miles (2° 28' 15" S., 118°
49' 00" E.).
Mamuju Id. (E. ). S. 14° E.,
18.5 miles (2° 19' 30" S., 118°
50' 00" E.).
Chenoki Pt., S. 60° E., 40
miles (1° 19' 00" S., 118^ 43'
00" E.).
Chenoki Pt., S. 31° E„ 42.5
miles (1° 05' 00" S., 118° 56'
00" E.).
Dongala Lt., S. 80° E., 54
miles (0° 29' 00" S., 118° 51'
00" E.).
Birabirahan (west) .
Dutch 123;
Sept., 1901.
_ do _
B. A. 2637;
June, 1885,
cor.toOct.,
1904.
_ do _
_ do _
. . .do _
. . .do _
. . .do _
Trusan Tando Bulong , B . N.
Borneo.
Daisy Islet, 4° 27' 53" N., 118°
38' 25" E.
Sulu Sea.
Doc Can Id., southwest.
China Sea.
B. A. 9416,
Nov., 1867;
cor.toAug.
1907.
_ do _
B. A. 2636;
Apr., 1878,
cor.toApr.
1907.
B. A. 9416;
Nov., 1867,
) cor.toAug,
1907.
H. O. 2117;
June, 1903.
C. S. 4722...
Kwa Siang Bay, Formosa.
So Wan Bay, Formosa. . . .
1909.
Dec. 27
Dec. 28
..do _
Dec. 29
..do. . ..
...do. . ..
...do _
..do _
Dec. 30
. . .do. . ..
..do _
Dec. 31
1910.
Jan. 6
Jan. 7
Jan. 25
Jan. 29
7.20 p. m.
9.09 a. m.
9.43 a. m.
1.51 p. m.
2.59 p. m.
8.00 a. m.
8.39 a. m.
9.18 a. m.
9.55 a. m.
10.25 a. m.
3.41 p. m.
4.45 p. m.
7.25 p. m.
7.03 a. m.
8.18 a. m.
12.41 p. m.
1.45 p. m.
7.26 p. m.
8.45 a. m.
1.45 p. m.
10.15 a. m.
8.30 a. m.
7.30 a. m.
DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS,
97
Steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands, 1907-1910 — Continued.
Tempera¬
tures.
Density.
Apparatus.
Trial.
Drift.
<
| Surface.
Bottom.
Sur¬
face.
Bot¬
tom.
Depth.
Dura¬
tion.
Direction.
Distance.
°F.
°F.
°F.
h. m.
mi.
S3
84
10 40
43.3
81
84
21
S. 67° W..
2.5
80
82
05
SW....
2.0
6-18 ft..
3 30
80
82
12
S. 34° E...
1.5
41.7
82
83
20
N. 34° W..
1.5
38.2
81
83
19
S. 47° E...
2.8
83
84
24
1.0
38.2
82
82
20
2.0
38.2
83
84
23
S. 63° E...
2.0
82
83
20
N. 10° W..
10-20 ft.
2 15
10-15 ft.
10-30 ft.
1 00
•
10-25 ft.
3 00
10-30 ft.
3 30
Remarks.
Ship at anchor.
No bot tom sample
in net.
No bearings ob¬
tainable.
Entire net carried
away on bottom
20 shots.
Shot did not de¬
tach.
Shot did not de¬
tach.
One bridle stop
parted.
No bearings ob¬
tainable.
12 shots.
6 shots.
10 shots.
13 shots.
27 shots.
CONDITION AND EXTENT OF THE NATURAL OYSTER
BEDS OF DELAWARE
By H. F. Moore
Assistant , U. S. Bureau of Fisheries
Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 745
CONTENTS.
Page.
Introduction . .* . 3
Methods of the survey . 4
Description of oyster grounds. . . 7
Bombay bed . 7
' Thrum-cap bed . 8
Over-the-Bar bed . 9
Patches between Over-the-Bar and Sand beds . 10
Sand bed . 11
Leipsic Rock . 11
Bed north of Silver bed . 12
Between Silver bed and Simons Creek . 12
Silver bed . 13
Lumps between Silver and Ridge beds . 14
Drum bed . 15
Ridge bed . 16
Small beds northeast of Ridge bed . 18
Old bed . 19
Outside of Old bed . 19
Scattered patches between Ridge and Southwest beds . 20
Southwest bed . *. . 20
Stone bed . r . 22
East Line bed . 22
Flogger bed . 23
The beds in summary . 23
Physical and biological conditions . 27
Tides and currents . 27
Salinity of the water . 27
Enemies of the oyster . 28
2
CONDITION AND EXTENT OF THE NATURAL OYSTER
BEDS OF DELAWARE.
By H. F. Moore,
Assistant, United States Bureau of Fisheries.
. INTRODUCTION.
At the solicitation of the Delaware Oyster Survey Commission the
Bureau of Fisheries during the summer of 1910 undertook a survey
of the natural oyster beds of Delaware Bay within the jurisdiction of
the State of Delaware. The State, which was making a survey of the
planted beds under the supervision of Mr. C. C. Yates, of the United
States Coast and Geodetic Survey, furnished the triangulation and
made a small appropriation for the payment of two temporary em¬
ployees during part of the work, but the Bureau of Fisheries fur¬
nished all other personnel, in addition to launches, boats, and
equipment.
The steamer Fish Hawk was detailed for the work from June 1 to
July 10, though, owing to unexpected delays in securing a launch
able enough for the execution of hydrography in the open waters of
the bay, she did not actually reach the field of operations until June
18. Part of the civilian personnel was ordered to the ship on May 26,
in order to have the equipment in readiness for the anticipated com¬
mencement of work on June 1, on which date the entire party was
assembled.
The purpose of the survey was the accurate location and charting
of the natural oyster beds and the investigation of their present
condition and productiveness. No previous survey or investigation
of the beds of this region has been made, and although their approxi¬
mate location is known to the local oystermen with reference to cer¬
tain more or less indefinable natural landmarks, it is difficult for them
to indicate, even roughly, their general position on the charts. Con¬
cerning some of the beds, and especially the southern extension of
Flogger bed, the information obtained from the various sources was
extremely contradictory.
59395°— 11 - 17
3
4
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
METHODS OF THE SURVEY.
The methods employed were those pursued in former surveys of
like character, and are explained in detail in a description of the beds
of the James River,1 from which some of the following is repeated:
A “boat sheet” was prepared, on which were accurately platted
the positions, as determined by triangulation, of lighthouses and the
towers erected as shore signals. These data were furnished by the
State and were based on a development of the triangulation employed
in the survey of the planted or leased beds.
The oyster beds were discovered by soundings with a lead line,
but principally by means of a length of chain dragged over the bot¬
tom at the end of a copper wire running from the sounding boat.
The wire was wound on a reel and its unwound length was adjusted
to the depth of water and the speed of the launch, so that the
chain was always on the bottom. Whenever the chain touched a
shell or an oyster the shock or vibration was transmitted up the wire
to the hand of a man whose sole duty it was to give heed to such
signals and report them to the recorder.
The launches from which the soundings were made were run
at a speed of between 3 and 4 miles per hour, usually on ranges
ashore to insure the rectitude of the lines. At intervals of three
minutes — in some cases two minutes — the position of the boat was
determined by two simultaneous sextant observations of the angles
between a set of three signals, the middle one of which was common
to the two angles, the position being immediately platted on the
boat sheet. At regular intervals of twenty seconds, as measured
by a clock under the observation of the recorder, the leadsman made a
sounding and reported to the recorder the depth of water and the
character of the bottom, immediately after which the man at the wire
reported the character of the chain indications since the last sound¬
ing — that is, whether they showed barren bottom or dense, scat¬
tering, or very scattering growths of oysters.
With the boat running at 3 miles per hour the soundings were
between 80 and 90 feet apart, and, as the speed of the boat was
uniform, the location of each was determinable within a yard or two
by dividing the platted distance between the positions determined
by the sextant by the number of soundings. The chain, of course,
gave a continuous indication of the character of the bottom, but the
record was made at the regular twenty-second intervals observed
in sounding.
The chain, while indicating the absence or the relative abundance
of objects on the bottom, gives no information as to whether they
are shells or oysters, nor, if the latter, their size and condition. To
obtain these data it was necessary to supplement the observations
i Moore, H. F. : Condition and extent of the oyster beds of James River, Virginia. Bureau of Fisheries
Document No. 729.
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
5
already described by others more definite in respect to the desired
particulars. Whenever, in the opinion of the officer in charge of the
sounding boat, such information was required, a numbered buoy
was dropped, the time and number being entered in the sounding
book. Another launch, following the sounding boat, anchored
alongside the buoy, and a quantity of the oysters and shells were
tonged up, separated by sizes, and counted.
This boat at each station made a known number of “ grabs”
with the oyster tongs, exercising care to clean the bottom of oysters
as thoroughly as possible. at each grab. In a given depth of water
and using the same boat and tongs, an oysterman will cover prac¬
tically the same area of the bottom at each grab, but, other factors
remaining the same, the area of the grab will decrease with an increase
in the depth.
Careful measurements were made and tabulated showing the
area per grab covered by the tonger employed on the work at each
foot of depth of water and for each pair of tongs and boat used.
With these data, and knowing the number of “grabs,” the number
of oysters of each size per square yard of bottom was readily obtain¬
able by simple calculation. The following example will illustrate
the data obtained and the form of the record :
Department of Commerce and Labor.
BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
FIELD RECORD OF EXAMINATIONS OF OYSTER BEDS.
General locality, Delaware Bay, Delaware.
Local name of oyster ground, Over-the-Bar .
Date, July 9, 1910. Time, 8.50 a. m.
Angle, B 146-B 147. Buoy No. 6.
Depth, 18 feet. Bottom, soft.
Condition of water, clear.
Density, 1.008. Temperature, 25° C.
Current, . Stage of tide, one hour flood.
Tongman, M. A. Duffield.
No grabs made, 8. Tongs, 20 feet.
Total area covered, 2.5 sq. yds.
No oyster, Ukeu
Quantity shells, 14.
IS pat per square yard, 5.2.
Culls per square yard, 51.6.
Counts per square yard, 28.0.
This furnishes an exact statement of the condition of the bed at a
spot which can be platted on the chart with error in position of not
more than a few yards. From the data obtained a close estimate may
be formed of the number of bushels of oysters and shells per acre in
the vicinity of the examination and, by multiplying the observations,
for the bed as a whole. In the course of the survey 590 observations
were made at various places, principally on the natural rocks, but
some on the barren bottoms also.
6
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
In estimating the relative productiveness of the bottoms it appeared
advisable to depart from the methods employed in the James River
survey on account of the difference in the conditions under which the
industry is prosecuted. Where tongs are used exclusively, a bed
with a given quantity of oysters lying in shoal water is more valuable,
commercially, than one with the same quantity of oysters in deep
water, owing to the fact that the labor of the tonger is more efficient
on the former. As has been pointed out, the area covered by a
“grab” decreases with the depth, other factors being the same, and
moreover the deeper the water the greater is the labor involved in
making the grab and the smaller is the number of grabs which can be
made in a given time.
In Delaware Bay, while there is a certain amount of tonging during
the fall and at such times as the weather will permit in winter and
early spring, the most important and productive fishing is by means
of dredges, the use of which is permitted from April 15 to June 30,
inclusive. In dredging, the effects of varying depths of water, within
reasonable limits, are practically negligible so far as the catch is con¬
cerned. The time required for winding in from deep water is greater
than from shallow water, but as the dredge is approximately equally
efficient whatever the depth, and as the difference in the time required
in winding is small as compared with the period during which the
dredge is on the bottom, the factor of depth, so important in tonging,
is practically inconsiderable.
| The classification adopted in this report is as follows:
Depleted bottom _ _ _ Less than 25 bushels per acre.
Very scattering growth . _ Between 25 and 75 bushels per acre.
Scattering growth _ _ Between 75 and 150 bushels per acre.
Dense growth _ Over 150 bushels per acre.
As the region is important for the production of seed rather than
market oysters, all sizes are included in the estimates of the density
of oyster growth, but all loose shells and other debris commonly
dredged are excluded. “Depleted bottom” is not necessarily that
which was formerly productive but now practically barren, but is
merely an expression of the present impoverishment of the bed without
respect to its past. In some cases it may be a formerly barren area
slowly coming into productiveness.
The bottom rated as bearing a “very scattering growth” is the
least productive bottom capable of furnishing a livelihood to the
dredgers.
In the course of the survey 16,435 acres, or over 25 square miles,
were explored with sounding lines and chains. Of this area 2,144
acres were found to be included in oyster beds of varying degrees of
productiveness. In the survey the chain was dragged over 124 miles
of the bottom, soundings were made at 5,772 places, and the position
of the boat was instrumentally determined at 819 points.
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
7
DESCRIPTION OF OYSTER GROUNDS.
BOMBAY BED.
This is the northernmost public oyster bed within the confines of
Delaware. Its northern limit is opposite the upper pier at Woodland
Beach, and its southern end is a little below the small creek known
locally as Tombstone. Its inner or southwestern edge is from 200 to
400 yards from shore, the average width of the bed is about one-
fourth mile, and the total length slightly in excess of 1 mile.
The estimated area, density of growth, and contents of the bed
are as follows:
Oyster Growth on Bombay Bed.
Character of oyster growth.
Area.
Oysters per acre.
Estimated
content of
oysters.
Under 3
inches.
Over 3
inches.
Total.
Acres.
Ill
12
6
2C>
Bushels.
250
103
22
~0
Bushels.
115
23
5
0
Bushels.
.305
126
27
0
Bushels.
40,515
2,512
102
0
155
43, 189
The dense area comprises a broad strip running along the entire
inshore edge of the bed. The scattering areas are two, the larger
lying near the middle of the outer edge of the bed and the smaller, a
very narrow strip, on the offshore edge of the lower end. Both
merge more or less gradually into the dense area with which they are
continuous. The area of very scattering growth is a small patch
situated near the offshore part of the upper end of the bed, in the
midst of the depleted bottom. The latter appears to be a formerly
moderately productive area which has become covered by a deposit
of mud and now produces no oysters, although there are numerous
buried shells lying on a hard bottom about 6 inches beneath the
present surface. This bed differs from all others of the region treated
in this report in being founded on a stony bottom, a considerable
proportion of the oysters taken being attached to rock fragments.
The oysters are in small clusters, with thin, sharp shells. Small
oysters predominate, not only numerically but by measure. No
drills were found and, reasoning from the low salinity of the water,
probably do not occur. The specific gravity of the water at the time
of examination, July 10, 1910, was about 1.005, and it is likely that
the bed suffers periodically during freshets. The average depth of
water is about 8 to 10 feet.
It was reported that there were oysters between the piers, but none
were found, although there were a few attached to the piling and
lying on the bottom in its vicinity.
8
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
The details of the examination of this bed are shown in the following
table :
Details of Examinations of Bombay Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
exami¬
nation.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910.
Feet.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
1S3 .
10
1. 6
35.2
2. 6
129
26
155
184 .
10
10.5
42.0
12.6
184
126
310
189 .
10
11.0
65.8
19.5
269
195
464
191 .
11
15.8
34.2
3. 2
32
207
192 .
10
28.4
54.2
20. 5
299
205
504
195 .
. ..do .
12
. do .
9.5
17.9
9.5
96
95
191
197 .
12
52.0
58.4
13. 7
387
137
524
199 .
11
74.2
57.4
10.0
461
100
561
194 .
12
11.0
12.6
3.7
83
37
120
198 .
. ..do .
12
. do. . .
35.2
0.0
1.0
123
10
133
18(1 .
10
0.0
6.3
0. 5
22
5
27
185 .
...do .
11
Depleted . ~ .
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
187 .
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
188 .
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
190 .
11
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
THRUM-CAP BED.
For a distance of about 5 miles* below Bombay bed the bottom is
reported to be barren, with the possible exception of a few patches of
insignificant size, and it was not deemed warrantable to incur the
expense of an examination.
Thrum-cap bed is a somewhat triangular area lying about 1 mile
offshore opposite the small stream known to the oystermen as Hay
Ditch. It covers an area of about 78 acres, of which it is estimated 6
are covered by a dense growth, 14 by scattering, and 55 b}^ very scat¬
tering, and 3 acres are characterized by a total absence of oysters, but
with scattered shells buried in the mud.
The areas of dense and scattering growth form a narrow strip on
the inshore edge of the bed, with the denser area at the upper end.
The bottom covered with very scattering growth stretches in gradually
decreasing productiveness from the outer edge of this strip toward
the deeper water. The depleted area is a small patch where the dense
growth shades off into the surrounding barren bottom. The depth of
water on the bed varies from about 18 feet at the inshore edge to 22
feet on the outer border.
It is estimated that the bed contained at the time of examination
4,195 bushels of oysters of all sizes, of which the dense area bore 1,164
bushels, the scattering 1,106 bushels, and the very scattering 1,925
bushels.
There were comparatively few dead oysters, and no indications of
the presence of drills were observed. In July the specific gravity of
the water varied from about 1 .003 at low water to 1 .01 1 at liicdi tide.
c?
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
9
The results of the examinations of this bed are shown in the follow¬
ing table:
Details of Examinations of Thrum-cap Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
exami¬
nation.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910.
Feet.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
179. . .
19
4.4
28.4
8.0
114
80
194
181....
20
5.5
12.2
1.7
62
17
79
178. .
22
1.7
3.3
1.7
18
17
35
180. . .
19
0. 0
0.0
0. 0
0
0
0
OVER-THE-BAR BED.
This bed, like the preceding, from which it is separated by a dis¬
tance of a little over one-eighth of a mile, lies just beyond the edge of
the shifting sands, which extend to about the 12-foot curve. It is
about 1 ^ miles from shore, and takes its name from its position some
distance outside of a long sand bar, which, according to the naviga¬
tional charts, is covered by about 4 feet of water at low tide, but on
which the present survey fouqd water a little deeper. The depth on
the bed itself varies from 15 to 20 feet.
The extent and general condition of the bed in July, 1910, is shown
in the following table:
Oyster Growth on Over-the-Bar Bed.
Character of oyster growth.
Area.
Oysters per acre.
Estimated
content of
oysters.
Under 3
inches.
Over 3
inches.
Total.
Acres.
109
15
39
163
Bushels.
103
41
0
Bushels.
162
0
0
Bushels.
275
41
0
Bushels.
29,975
615
0
30,590
The dense growth is found on two areas, 41 and 68 acres in extent,
respectively, separated by a depleted area containing nothing but
buried shells. The upper area is long and narrow and contains a
large preponderance of oysters over 3 inches long. The northern
end of the lower area is similar, with four or five times as many
large oysters as small ones, but in the southern the two are in
approximately equal quantity, and the average of both sizes is about
335 bushels per acre. The area of very scattering growth is found at
the inshore edge of the southern part of the bed, and was apparently
formed by a recent strike on a previously depleted area. The three
depleted areas lie at the ends and the middle of the bed, the latter in
reality separating the rock into two distinct parts. The depleted
10
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
bottom bears no oysters and but few exposed shells and, apparently,
has been formed either by the silting of sparsely productive bottom
or by shells dragged by dredging from the rock on to the adjacent
muddy bottom.
The oysters throughout the entire bed are long, narrow, sharp-edged,
and inferior in quality, and are almost invariably in clusters, whose
bases are buried in soft mud. The bottom throughout is soft, and
there is apparent nowhere any depth of shell deposits such as are
found on Silver bed and the Ridge.
The details of the examinations made on this bed are shown in the
following table:
Details of Examinations of Over-the-Bar Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
exami¬
nation.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910.
Feet.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
1(39.
18
15.2
28.8
14. S
154
14S
302
170.. . .
18
12.0
28.0
8. 4
140
84
224
171 .
18
5.2
51.6
28.0
19S
280
478
172.
20
9. 2
5. 6
10. 4
52
104
156
174.
19
• 0.8
9.2
15. 6
35
156
191
177.. .
21
5. 6
6. 1
26. 1
41
261
302
167.
17
0.8
10.8
0.0
41
0
41
168.
18
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0
0
0
173...
20
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0
0
0
176
20
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0
0
0
182 _
do _
21
0.0
0.0
0. 0
0
0
0
1
PATCHES BETWEEN OVER-TIIE-BAR AND SAND BEDS.
In the area between these beds are several small scattered patches
of oysters, but two of which vTere examined to determine their char¬
acter. One of these has an area of about 16 acres and is estimated
to contain about 1,000 or 1,200 bushels of oysters. The other is
about 5 acres in extent and contains probably about 200 bushels of
oysters. On both beds and probably on other small patches in the
vicinity the oysters are long, thin, and narrow, and are found in
scattered clusters.
The following table exhibits the data obtained from the examina¬
tions :
Details of Examinations of Patches between Over-the-Bar Bed and Sand
Beds>
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
160 .
162...
1910.
July 8
Feet.
19
15
Very scattering .
No.
0
0
No.
2.8
3.0
No.
3.2
6.3
Bu.
10
11
Bu.
32
63
Bu.
42
74
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
11
SAND BED.
Sand bed lies nearly north of the Ridge and northeast of Silver bed,
being separated from the latter by a distance of about one-third of a
mile. It covers an area of about 54 acres, of which 16 acres are cov¬
ered by a dense growth of oysters and 11 acres by a scattering
growth, the remaining 27 acres being depleted.
The productive bottpm forms a zone along the inner edge of the
bed, the southern and middle portions bearing the denser growth.
The depleted bottom occupies the outer half of the bed. It is esti¬
mated that the bed contained about 4,600 bushels of oysters of all
sizes at the time of examination, and that of these 3,700 bushels were
on the area of dense growth, 700 bushels on the very scattered growth,
and 200 bushels on the depleted bottom. Oysters over 3 inches long
preponderated on the productive portions of the bed, but were inferior
in quantity on the depleted area.
The oysters are superior in shape to those found on the bars north
of this, being in smaller clusters and rounder. Dead oysters were
comparatively few, and no indications of the drill were noted.
Several boats were observed working on Sand bed during the latter
part of June, and it is reported that the bed was dredged to some
extent earlier in the season.
The following examinations were made:
Details of Examinations of Sand Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
154 .
159 .
155 .
156 .
1910.
July 8
. . .do .
. . .do .
Feet.
20
19
18
19
19
Dense .
Very scattering .
Depleted . . .
No.
1.2
4.0
0.0
0.4
1.6
No.
24.4
1.2
0.0
2.4
No.
14.4
4.8
0.0
0.4
0.4
Bu.
90
18
0
10
6
Bu.
144
48
0
4
4
Bu.
234
66
0
14
10
157 .
LEIPSIC ROCK.
This is a small but exceedingly prolific bed lying in the mouth of
Leipsic Creek within one-eighth of a mile of the shore. It is approxi¬
mately circular in outline and consists of about 4 acres of very dense
growth. It is estimated that the bed bear^ nearly 3,000 bushels of
oysters, practically none of which is over 3 inches in length, and it
is probable that it represents a recent rejuvenescence of an old bed.
There is a deep deposit of shells forming the core of the bed, but
around the edges this is covered by a deposit of mud which appears
to be encroaching on and causing a gradual contraction of the pro¬
ductive area. It is probable that the oysters are subject to peri¬
odical destruction from fresh water and mud carried by freshets.
12
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
So far as could be learned the rock lias not been worked for several
years.
The following examinations were made :
Details op Examinations op Leipsic Rock.
Station
number.
Date of
examina-
Depth
of
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
tion.
water.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
140 .
1910.
July 7
Feet.
11
No.
41.0
No.
114.5
No.
1.4
Bu.
544
Bu.
14
Bu.
558
56
144 .
12
0. 0
14.8
0.4
52
4
145. . . .
10
118.0
300.0
1.6
1,460
16
1,476
BED NORTH OF SILVER BED.
North of the western end of Silver bed and separated from it by
about one-eightli of a mile of soft bottom in which scattering shells
are buried is a nameless bed covering about 25 acres. There are
about 8 acres covered b}" scattering growth estimated to contain
about 900 bushels of oysters and about 17 acres of very scattering
oysters containing about 750 bushels. The northern part of the
bed, which bears the heaviest growth, has a substratum of shells,
but the southern edge lies on sandy bottom. The proportion of
large oysters is greater than on Silver bed.
The following observations were made:
Details op Examinations op Bed North of Silver Bed.
Station
number.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caifght per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre .
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed
Market.
Total.
158 .
152 .
1910.
July 8
...do _
Feet.
14
13
Scattering .
Very scattering .
No.
4.5
4.0
No.
6.7
2.2
No.
7.8
2.2
Bu.
39
22
Bu.
78
22
Bu.
117
44
BETWEEN SILVER BED AND SIMONS CREEK.
Almost continuous with Silver bed and stretching for a distance of
nearly one-half of a mile toward the mouth of Simons Creek is a bed of
about 17 acres lying on the mud and sand. Its most productive
area is nearest Silver bed, and the opposite end is bare except of scat¬
tered shells. The best part, about 5 acres in extent, bears a scatter¬
ing growth of oysters estimated to contain about 375 bushels, and
the area of very scattering growth which adjoins it bears about the
same quantity on its 7 acres. The depleted bottom is practically
bare at present, but is in a condition to catch a small set under
favorable conditions.
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
13
The following table shows the results of examinations:
Details op Examinations of Bed between Silver Bed and Simons Creek
✓
Station
number.
Date of
exami¬
nation.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
166 .
165 .
Ill .
1910.
July 8
. . .do _
June 29
Feet.
9
9
14
Scattering .
Very scattering .
Depleted . . . .
No.
2.9
0.0
0.0
No.
3.4
4.3
0..0
No.
5.4
3.7
0.0
Bu.
22
15
C
Bu.
54
37
0
Bu.
76
52
0
SILVER BED.
This bed, which is said to derive its name from the silvery color of
the shells found on the hard rock, is, excepting the Ridge, the largest
and most important natural bed in Delaware. It lies about 1 mile
east of the mouth of Dona River, locally known as Simons Creek.
The bed has a maximum extent of about a mile east and west and
slightly over a half mile north and south, and it lies in a depth of
water varying from 8 to 12 feet.
The following table shows its general extent and condition in
July, 1910:
Oyster Growth on Silver Bed.
Character of oyster growth.
Area.
Oysters per acre.
Estimated
content of
oysters.
Under
3 inches.
Over
3 inches.
Total.
Acres.
65
20
45
140
Bushels.
171
82
25
8
Bushels.
74
27
21
2
Bushels.
245
109
46
10
Bushels.
15,925
2,180
2,070
1,400
Scattering .
Depleted . ” .
Total .
270
21,575
The most productive parts of the bed lie in its northeast half and
include a belt of dense and scattering growth about one-half mile
long and varying from one-eighth to one-third anile in width.
A considerable part of the bottom covered by the bed is macadam¬
ized with a dense accumulation of shells, or probably two such areas
separated by a belt of muddy bottom. In places the bottom was so
hard with compacted shells and so smooth that a boat anchor would
not take hold. Although this bed is not now raised above the sur¬
rounding barren bottom, it is probable that it originally formed a
knoll, the crest of which has been cut away by dredging and tonging.
The area of dense growth lies in a compact body occupying the
middle of the eastern half of the bed, gradually merging with two
14
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
small areas of scattering growth at the northwest and southeast ends,
respectively. There is a third area of scattering growth near the
western end of the bed. The very scattering growth forms a zone
around the western and part of the southern side of the more prolific
bottom, lying on a substratum of compacted shells. Most of the
western half of the bed is composed of depleted bottom, which also
extends as a narrow strip around practically the entire circumfer¬
ence of the rest of the bed, the bottom being generally hard and
shelly with occasional patches of mud.
In general the present condition of the bed indicates a former
greater extent of productive bottom. There is every indication that
it has been closely dredged during the past season, and the present
content of oysters is probably but a small proportion of the quantity
on the bottom at the beginning of the season. The shells are in
excellent condition to receive a set of spat, and under favorable cir¬
cumstances the bed should speedily recuperate. There were com¬
paratively few dead oysters, and drills or borers do not appear to be
troublesome.
The following observations were made:
Details of Examinations of Silver Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910.
Feet.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
58 .
14
23.7
65.0
12.2
310
122
432
110 .
14
5.9
21.1
6.7
94
67
161
149 .
13
1.5
29.6
7.8
109
78
187
163 .
10
8.7
40.0
2.9
170
29
199
55 .
14
12.2
7.4
1.9
69
19
88
147 .
14
1.4
22.2
3.3
83
33
116
164 .
9
4.3
22.9
2.9
95
29
124
59 . .
13
0.4
3.3
1.2
13
12
25
100 .
11
2.4
7.9
1 7
36
17
53
150 .
13
2.6
4.5
3.3
25
33
58
52 .
53 .
13
0.3
4.5
0.0
17
0
17
60 .
13
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
o
0
98 .
11
0.0
2.8
0. 3
10
3
13
99 .
11
1.4
1.0
0. 7
8
7
15
109 .
14
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
148 .
July 8
13
1. 1
2.2
0.0
11
0
11
LUMPS BETWEEN SILVER AND RIDGE BEDS.
Lying between Sand and Silver beds on the north and Ridge and
Drum beds on the south are a number of small lumps and patches
surrounded by a considerable area of barren bottom. Eight of these
areas were located by the survey, most of them covering areas of 3
or 4 acres, and there are probably a number of others, as on account of
their small size and irregular distribution but little time was spent in
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
15
looking for them. But three of these places were examined in detail,
and their location may be determined by an inspection of the chart.
One of them was about 3 acres in extent and was estimated to con¬
tain about 2,500 bushels of long, sharp-edged oysters in large clus¬
ters, growing on a soft, muddy bottom. The other two spots exam¬
ined bore a very scattering growth. The largest of these, about one-
fourth mile inshore of the upper end of Drum bed, was estimated
to be about 8 acres in extent and to contain about 300 bushels of
oysters. The other, just south of the middle of Silver bed, has an
area of about 4 acres and contained at the time of examination about
120 bushels of oysters.
The five areas located but not examined varied in extent from
about 1 to 14 acres, and are situated variously. They are shown on
the chart as unshaded places surrounded by red lines. Judging
from the chain readings none of them is particularly productive.
The following observations were made in this region:
Details op Examinations op Lumps between Silver and Ridge Beds.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910.
Feet.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
96 .
18
1.4
28.0
75.2
103
752
855
86 .
15
0.7
4.1
1.9
17
19
36
97 .
13
0.0
9 9
9 ?
8
99
30
DRUM BED.
Drum bed lies west of and very close to the depleted edge of the
ridge and about 1 mile from shore. It has a length of over one-half
mile, a width of about one-fourth mile, and a total area of approxi¬
mately 68 acres. Its condition and the relative extent of oyster
growths of the several degrees of productiveness are shown in the
following table:
Oyster Growth on Drum Bed.
Character of oyster growth.
Area.
Oysters per acre.
Estimated
content of
oysters.
Under 3
inches.
Over 3
inches.
Total.
Dense .
Acres.
16
21
19
12
Bushels.
139
30
32
1
Bushels.
83
65
18
6
Bushels.
222
95
50
7
Bushels.
3,552
1,995
950
84
Very scattering .
Total .
68
6, 581
16
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
The most prolific part of the bed is an area about one-fourth mile
square extending across its middle, consisting of an area of dense
growth flanked on each side by one bearing a scattering growth. The
northern end of the bed is composed of a gradually narrowing area
of very scattering growth, and there is a small patch of similar char¬
acter at the inside corner of the southern end.
The depleted bottom is in two patches, one adjoining the scattering
and very scattering growths at the lower end and the other interposed
between the dense scattering and very scattering oyster deposits just
above the middle. The bottom is soft on the areas of very scattering
growth and on part of the northernmost depleted area, but is elsewhere
hard and shelly.
Small oysters exceed in quantity those over 3 niches long, excepting
on the area of scattering growth, where there are about twice as many
large as small ones. Loose shells are in fair abundance and of a char¬
acter to catch a good set under favorable conditions.
The following observations were made:
Details of Examinations of Drum Bed.
Station
Date of
exam in a-
Depth
of
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
ber.
tion.
water.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910. _
Feet.
16
No.
27.2
No.
IS. 8
No.
3.6
Bu.
161
Bu.
36
Bu.
197
48
16 J
17
16.0
30.0
7.6
161
76
237
June 29
4.0
23.2
13.6
95
136
231
51
17
7.2
13.2
3.2
71
32
103
84
17
1.4
10.0
8.2
4
82
86
June 29
18
1.6
2.8
8.2
15
82
97
105
18
1.6
9.2
1.6
37
16
53
108
17
0.0
7.6
2.0
27
20
47
7.8
June 27
15
0.0
0.4
0.4
1
4
5
85 .
17
0.0
0.0
0.8
0
8
8
RIDGE BED.
The Ridge bed, known to the oystermen as “The Ridge, ” is at
present the most important natural bed in Delaware, and during the
period of the present survey it sustained by far the heaviest dredging.
During the latter half of June numerous vessels were at work daily
and until the end of the month, when the dredging season closed, there
appeared to be a fair catch.
The Ridge lies about H miles from the nearest shore, midway
between Dona River and Mahon River. It is triangular in shape,
with a deep indentation or slough of muddy bottom projecting deeply
into its base at the southern end. It has an extent of slightly over 1
mile north and south and its southern end is almost of equal extent
east and west. It has a total area of 371 acres and the most produc¬
tive bottom, that which is rated in this report as bearing dense and
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
17
scattering growths, stretches from the northern apex to about the
middle of the bed, where it divides into two limbs astride the slough
before alluded to.
It is evident that this bed, like Silver bed, is an old one, and without
doubt its central portions, those which now bear the heaviest growth
of oysters, were formerly elevated above the surrounding bottom to
form a shoal or ridge which has been pulled down and in large part
carried away by the oystermen, particularly the dredgers, until at
present the water over it shoals but little as compared with the sur¬
rounding barren areas. The great deposit of shells which originally
existed has been taken up and the bottom so denuded that in places
the originally underlying mud has been brought to the surface. Many
little patches of bare mud were found where there was every reason to
expect a deposit of shells and oysters and it was apparent that the bed
was being overworked.
The general condition and extent of the bed at the end of June,
1910, is shown in the following table:
Oyster Growth on Ridge Bed.
Character of oyster growth.
Area.
Oysters per acre.
Estimated
content of
oysters.
Under 3
inches.
Over 3
inches.
Total.
Acres.
49
86
65
171
Bushels.
160
96
36
4
Bushels.
23
25
21
1
Bushels.
183
121
57
5
Bushels.
8,967
10, 406
3,705
855
371
23,933
The dense areas are two in number, separated by an area of scat¬
tered growth. The smaller of these areas lies at the northern apex
of the bed and the larger one is a long belt along most of its eastern
side. More or less soft mud is to be found in the former, especially
near its upper edge, but the latter rests on a solid substratum of
shells.
The lower end of the larger dense area gradually verges into a
small spot of scattering growth, but most of the bottom bearing
a growth of this character is embraced in a long, somewhat S-shaped
strip running from near the northern end of the bed almost to its
southwest corner. The northern end, especially between and adja¬
cent to the dense growths, is most productive.
The very scattering growth is all confined to the southern edge of
the bed, most of it being between the mud slough and the dense and
scattering growth. Excepting close to the more productive areas
there is much muddy bottom in this area. Most of the depleted
18
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
bottom lies on the west side of the bed, but there is a narrow strip
along the eastern edge and embracing the southern end of the dense
and scattering growth. Much of the depleted area is in reality
denuded or barren, and although most of it lies on hard bottom
there are numerous muddy spots, especially near the southern edge.
On this bed as a whole and especially on the more productive
areas small oysters are in great preponderance. In many cases
there were quantities of oysters so small that they fell between the
teeth of the tongs.
The following observations were made on this bed:
Details of Examinations of Ridge Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910.
Feet.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
67 .
17
20.0
20.0
3.9
140
39
179
91 .
18
31.2
21.2
1.6
183
16
199
93 .
16
29. 1
16.0
1.6
158
16
174
62 .
16
19.2
7.6
2.0
94
20
114
65 .
16
16.0
12.0
4.0
98
40
138
69 .
. . .do .
18
. do .
17.2
13.6
2.8
108
28
136
92 .
16
28.8
4. 4
2. 0
116
20
136
101 .
15
7.4
10.7
1.9
63
19
82
61 .
June 26
14
Very scattering .
4.8
1.1
0.7
21
7
28
63 .
15
‘2 2
3.7
5.2
21
52
73
79 .
16
0.8
10. 4
2.4
39
24
63
90 .
17
12.4
5.2
0. 0
62
o
62
64 .
16
0. 0
0.0
0. 0
0
0
0
66 .
16
1.2
2.0
0. 0
11
0
11
70 .
17
2.0
2.4
0. 0
15
o
15
80 .
15
0. 0
0. 0
0.0
0
o
0
81 .
- ..do .
14
. do .
2.6
0.7
0.4
12
4
16
82 .
16
0.0
0. 0
0.0
0
0
0
83 .
17
0.4
0.4
0.0
3
0
3
87 .
16
0. 0
0. 0
0.0
0
o
0
88 .
16
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
89 .
16
0. 0
0. 0
0.0
0
0
0
102 .
13
0. 0
0. 0
0.0
0
0
0
103 .
13
0. 0
0.4
1.1
1
11
12
SMALL BEDS NORTHEAST OF RIDGE BED.
Northeast of the Ridge is a small patch of about 7 acres of very
scattering growth which is estimated to contain about 200 bushels
of oysters, most of them over 3 inches in length.
The following results were obtained from an examination of this
area :
Details of Examinations of Small Beds Northeast of Ridge Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
' square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910.
Feet.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
94 .
June 27
18
Very scattering .
0
1.4
2.4
5
24
29
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
19
OLD BED.
Old bed lies close to the southeastern edge of the Ridge, from which
it is separated by a narrow strip of mud with many buried shells.
It is stated that the dredgers sometimes haul across the barren
bottom from one bed to the other..
The condition and extent of the bed as determined by the survey
were as follows:
Oyster Growth on Old Bed.
Character of oyster growth.
Area.
Oysters per acre.
Estimated
content of
oysters.
Under 3
inches.
Over 3
inches.
Total.
A cres.
20
17
Bushels.
40
10
Bushels.
2
3
Bushels.
42
13
Bushels.
840
221
37
. 1,061
Although the bed is at present not very productive it has the
appearance of former greater value. It lies on a dense bed of shells
and is undoubtedly the remnant of an old accumulation. There are
very few large oysters to be found, but the young growth is fair in
places and the conditions for a new set are good. The bed evidently
has been subjected to severe dredging.
The following observations were made:
Details of Examinations of Old Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
1910.
Feet.
76 .
•Tune 27
16
130 .
June 30
17
131 .
19
132 .
19
133 .
19
74 .
June 27
17
75 .
18
78 .
17
134 .
June 30
20
Character of growth.
Very scattering.
. do .
. do .
- do .
. do .
Depleted .
. do . .
_ do .
. do .
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
10.4
2.8
0.0
46
0
46
6.0
1.4
0.0
26
0
26
0.8
5.6
0.8
22
8
30
10.4
11.6
0.0
77
0
77
4.8
4.4
0.0
32
0
32
0.0
2.0
0.0
7
0
7
1.2
2.0
0.8
11
8
19
0.0
1.2
0.4
4
4
8
0.6
4.4
0.0
18
0
18
OUTSIDE OF OLD BED.
Immediately outside of Old bed is an area of about 16 acres, sur¬
rounded by sand, for which the oystermen appear to have no name,
if, even, they are aware of its existence. But one observation was
made at this place, where a dense growth of young oysters was found.
If the other parts of the bed are equally productive this patch con¬
tains about 6,800 bushels of oysters, practically all of them under 3
inches in length. The present growth is apparently of recent origin.
59395°— 11 - 18
20
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
The following results were obtained from the examination:
Details of Examinations of Beds Outside of Old Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth-
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
77 .
1910.
June 27
Fen.
15
No.
35.0
No.
83.4
No.
15.0
Bu.
414
Bu.
15
Bu.
429
SCATTERED PATCHES BETWEEN RIDGE AND SOUTHWEST BEDS.
On the soft bottom tying between these two beds are a number of
little patches of oyster growth, of which five were located with the
chain and three were examined by tonging. The latter were all
highly productive, and they probably represent the possibilities of
oyster production in this vicinity on beds not frequented by the
dredgers.
The three beds examined covered a total of 11 acres, and it is
estimated that they contained about 5,300 bushels of oysters, of which
nearly three-fourths were over 3 inches long. Based on the results
of the examination, and assuming that the other beds found are equally
productive, the five beds probably contain about 11,000 bushels, and
it is probable that at least 20,000 bushels are scattered in little 2 to 5
acre patches in the vicinity.
The following table shows the data obtained from examinations:
Details of Examinations of Small Scattered Patches Between Ridge and
Southwest Bed.
Station
nu m-
Date of
examina-
Depth
of
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
ber.
tion.
water.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
40 .
1910.
Feet.
12
No.
20.3
No.
21. 1
No.
21. 1
Bu.
145
Bu.
211
Bu.
356
42...
14
15.2
30. 4
20.7
159
207
366
71...
June 27
14
15.2
14.4
71.5
104
715
819
SOUTHWEST BED.
Southwest bed lies in the southeastern part of the present pro¬
ductive natural oyster grounds of the State and its southern edge is
about one-fourth mile north of the “east line” which separates the
private beds from the public ones. It has a north and south extent
of upward of one-half mile and a maximum width of about one-third
mile, containing all told about 106 acres.
The extent and relative productiveness of the bottoms, as classified
in this report, are shown in the table following.
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
21
Oyster Growth on Southwest Bed.
Character of oyster growth.
Area.
Oysters per acre.
Estimated
content of
oysters.
Under 3
inches.
Over 3
inches.
Total.
Acres.
11
8
31
56
Bushels.
40
99
18
4
Bushels.
744
48
13
1
Bushels.
784
147
31
5
Bushels.
8,624
1,376
961
280
106
11,241
The area of dense growth is near the southern end of the bed and
is flanked on the east and west sides by a very scattering growth, and
on the north and south by depleted bottom. Most of the oysters are
over 3 inches long and they appear to be in numerous small patches
on the soft mud. The place has the appearance of bottom which has
been overlooked by the oystermen and may as a whole be somewhat
smaller in area than is indicated in the preceding table.
The bottom bearing scattering growth lies at the northeast edge of
the bed and at its southwestern limits merges into a strip of very
scattering growth running along the western edge of the bed as far
as the densely covered bottom first described. There is another
small patch of very scattering growth near the southeast corner of
the bed.
The depleted bottom lies in three patches, one at each end of the
bed and the other at the middle of the eastern edge.
Although it is not known whether Southwest bed was dredged
during the past season, it bears every evidence that it has been over¬
worked. Excepting on the small area of dense growth there are few
marketable oysters, and bare or almost bare muddy spots are of
frequent occurrence. Many oysters had been killed by drills and
many of these animals and their egg cases were found.
The following table shows the results of examinations:
Details of Examinations of Southwest Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910.
Feet.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
126 ...
14
1.5
10.0
74.4
40
744
784
31
13
5.6
22.7
4.8
99
48
147
121.
13
0.4
5.0
0.4
21
4
25
122. .
12
1.5
7.5
0.4
31
4
35
128....
15
0.0
1.4
3.0
5
30
35
129 .
14
0.0
4.4
1.5
15
15
30
32 ..
13
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
120 ....
14
0.4
4.4
0.0
17
0
17
123 .
12
0.0
1.4
0.4
5
4
9
124 .
13
0.0
0.0
0.4
0
4
4
125 .
. . .do .
15
. do .
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
127 .
.:.do .
15
. do .
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
22
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
STONE BED.
This bed possibly takes its name from the quantity of hard, sandy
worm tubes, known to the oystermen as "stone coral/’ which are found
attached to and overgrowing the oysters. It is probable that a good
many of the latter are stifled and killed by this growth, which is
even more abundant on a small depleted patch lying between the
Stone bed and the mouth of Mahon River.
The bed covers an area of about 33 acres of very scattering growth,
on which there is an average of about 53 bushels of oysters per acre.
It is estimated that about July 1, 1910, there were on the entire bed
about 1,750 bushels of oysters, the large and small being in about
equal quantities.
The following observations were made:
Details op Examination of Stone Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
1910.
Feet.
No.
No.
No.
Bu.
Bu.
Bu.
13
0.7
4.8
2.6
19
20
45
104
June 29
18
10.0
2.4
35
24
59
EAST LINE BED.
This bed lies just at the line which marks the southern limits of the
public grounds, and it appears that for that reason it has a sentimental
interest to the oystermen. It has a diameter not much greater than
the length of a boat and is too small to plot on the chart, on which its
position is indicated by a circle.
Numerous examinations were made in its vicinity over an area
of 6 or 8 acres, but at only one place were oysters found, and there
they were very dense and mostly of marketable size.
The data obtained at this station are shown in the following table:
Details of Examinations of East Line Bed.
Station
num¬
ber.
Date of
examina¬
tion.
Depth
of
water.
Character of growth.
Oysters caught per
square yard.
Estimated quantity
oysters per acre.
Spat.
Culls.
Counts.
Seed.
Market.
Total.
IIS
1910.
June 30
Feet.
13
No.
0.0
No.
10.0
No.
77.8
Bu.
35
Bu.
778
Bu.
813
.NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
23
FLOGGER BED.
Flogger bed Lies along Joe Flogger Shoal, which separates Blake
Channel from the ship channel. As developed by the survey, it is
the largest bed in Delaware, having a length of over 3 miles, an average
width of about one-third mile, and an area of about 6G0 acres. Owing
to its exposed situation and the depth of water, as well as to the con¬
tradictory information received as to its approximate location and
extent, it was the most troublesome bed encountered by the survey.
Lines were run across Joe Flogger Shoal from its extreme southern
end, but no indications of shells or oysters were encountered until
within about one-half mile of east line. From this point scattering
shells were found, but when the bottom was examined with the tongs
these were discovered to be more or less submerged in the sand.
The bed as outlined on the chart was located almost entirely by
means of the chain. At its upper end it lies on the eastern or ship-
channel side of Joe Flogger Shoal, but about a mile from its upper
end it expands to the westward over an area of somewhat deeper
water, and thence, to its southern end, continues on the western or
Blake Channel side of the shoal. It was at this point of expansion
only that oysters were found, in one small patch of very scattering
growth and two or three areas of depleted bottom. The results were
not of sufficient importance to exhibit in detail on the chart. It is
possible that oysters are to be found in limited quantities in some of
the deeper water, but the chain readings did not indicate patches of
sufficient importance to warrant the expense of making dredgings.
It is reported that there are oysters in some of the deep water of the
ship channel, but no indications were found in such places as were
examined.
It is understood that Flogger bed has not been dredged for several
years, and the survey indicated that while formerly it may have been
of importance commensurate with its area, it has become covered with
sand throughout practically its whole extent. It may again become
productive, but there is no present indication of this probability.
Oysters were reported around the buo}7- at the head of Flogger Shoal
and at another buoy on the opposite side of Blake Channel, but a care¬
ful examination, expeciallv in the latter place, failed to disclose them.
THE BEDS IN SUMMARY.
The oyster bottoms of Delaware all lie between Woodland Beach
and the vicinity of Bowers Beach, covering an area about 21 miles
long and with an average width of about 3 miles. South and west of a
line running east from the old Mahon River Lighthouse and thence
approximately southeasterly along Blake Channel, the bottoms are
excluded from the common oyster fishery and a considerable propor¬
tion of the area is leased to private persons and firms for purposes of
oyster culture.
24
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
With this area this report will not deal, as it was examined by the
writer in but the most cursory manner and the survey of the private
beds was being made solely as a State undertaking. It may be stated,
however, that the private beds are planted partly with shells, mostly
brought from points on Chesapeake Bay, but generally with seed
oysters taken from the natural beds. The grounds are in large part
leased or controlled by residents of Philadelphia and New Jersey, and
the product is consumed principally in Philadelphia, being marketed
through Maurice River Cove in New Jersey.
The natural rocks, with which alone this report is concerned, lie in
a narrow strip between Blake Channel and the main ship channel on
what is known as Joe Flogger Shoal, and between these channels and
the Delaware shore in a belt which stretches from the east line above
mentioned to about abreast of the upper pier at Woodland Beach, a
distance of about 13 miles.
At its southeastern end, where it adjoins the planted area, this zone
is about 3 miles in width, but it gradually narrows to the northward
until at its upper extremity it is hardly one-half mile wide. The most
extensive beds lie in the lower half of the zone and the most intense
fishery is carried on in that region. During the time of the survey
this was practically the only place in which the dredgers were operat¬
ing, and we were informed that but little had been done elsewhere
earlier in the season.
The following tables summarize the data of the extent, condition,
and general distribution of oyster growth on the several beds pre¬
viously discussed in more detail :
Areas of Oyster Beds.
Character of oyster growth.
Name of bed.
Dense.
Scatter¬
ing.
Very
scatter¬
ing.
»
Depleted.
Not
deter¬
mined.
Total.
Acres.
Acres.
Acres.
Acres.
A cres.
Acres.
Ill
12
6
26
155
6
14
55
3
78
109
15
39
163
21
21
16
11
27
54
4
4
8
17
25
5
7
5
17
65
20
45
140
270
3
12
21
36
16
21
19
12
68
49
86
65
171
371
7
7
Old .
20
17
37
16
10
11
12
23
11
8
31
56
106
33
33
0)
(')
= 660
660
Total .
417
174
364
496
693
2,144
i Less than 1 acre. 2 Practically all depleted.
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
25
Estimated Oyster Content of Natural Beds, July 1, 1910.
Name of bed.
Character of oyster growth.
Total.
Dense.
Scatter¬
ing.
Very
scatter¬
ing.
Depleted.
Not
deter¬
mined.
Bushels.
40, 515
1,164
29, 975
Bushels.
2,512
1,106
Bushels.
162
1.925
615
1.200
700
Bushels.
Bushels.
Bushels.
43, 189
4,195
30, 590
1,200
4.600
3,000
1,650
750
21,575
5,920
6,581
23,933
200
1,061
6,800
20, 300
11,241
1,750
i 500
(2)
3,700
3,000
200
900
375
2, 180
1,995
10, 406
750
375
2,070
420
950
3,705
200
840
15, 925
2,500
3,552
8,967
1,400
84
855
Between Silver and Ridge .
> 3,000
Old .
221
6,800
5, 300
8,624
> 15,000
1,376
961
1, 750
280
* 500
(2)
Total .
130, 522
20,850
16, 623
3,040
18, 000
189,035
1 Estimated from chain indications. 2 Practically all depleted.
Combining the foregoing data, an interesting comparison may be
instituted between the beds sustaining a heavy fishery with dretlges
and those which recently have been worked but little. According
to the best information, supported by our own observations in the
latter part of the season, practically all of the dredging in 1910 was
on the beds south of Over-the-Bar, although a few vessels were
observed apparently working on Thrum-cap. These beds, excluding
Flogger, had a total area of 1,088 acres and a total estimated oyster
content of 111,061 bushels, or an average of 102 bushels per acre, at
the end of the season. On the beds which were reported or observed
to be most severely worked the oyster content averaged considerably
less than this. On the Ridge the average for the whole bed was about
60 bushels per acre, on Drum bed about 97 bushels, on Silver bed
about 80 bushels, on Old bed 30 bushels, and on Southwest bed about
106 bushels, and for the five beds taken as a whole the average was
about 75 bushels per acre.
The beds above and including Over-tlie Bar have an area of 396
acres and a total estimated content of 77,984 bushels of oysters of all
sizes, or an average of 197 bushels per acre. These beds, owing to
their position, are probably more subject than the lower beds to dam¬
age from freshets and are probably naturally less productive, yet
they had at the time of examination an oyster growth over 2\ times
as dense. If we consider the various small patches surrounding the
five beds enumerated above, which are in general too small to dredge
or which, if large enough, have been overlooked during the season
26
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
recently closed, the disparity is still greater. Those which were
examined by tonging had an area of 46 acres and an estimated
content of 18,000 bushels of oysters, an average of nearly 390 bushels
per acre, over five times the density of growth on the large beds in
the vicinity.
The number of bushels taken from the beds of Delaware during the
past season is not known but it was probably several hundred thou¬
sand bushels, and from the conditions found in the surve}^ and the
data just deduced it probably can be safely assumed that oysters
were from three to five times as abundant at the beginning of the sea¬
son as the}7- were 'in its closing days when the survey was made.
This heavy draft on the beds would be less serious were it not
accompanied by an abuse for which there is no excuse. In a region
devoted mainly to planting and where a comparatively small quantity
of oysters is marketed directly from the natural beds it is economically
advisable to permit the taking of small oysters as well as large. So
long as there is an abundance of shells on the bottom and a reasonable
quantity of oysters is left to furnish spawn there will be, under favor¬
able conditions of water and temperature, a more or less regular set
of spat and the oyster population of the beds will be fairly maintained,
although, of course, the proportion of oysters of marketable size will
diminish. When, however, the beds are stripped of shells, as appears
to be the case in Delaware, they will surely become depleted.
During the survey, although a number of vessels were actively
dredging, no member of the party observed a boat engaged in culling.
Inquiry among the oysfermen elicited the information that while the
boats catching seed oysters for sale generally cull their catch because
the planters will not pay 0}^ster prices for shells, the vessels owned
or operated by planters when dredging on the public beds rarely do
so. They are charged with carrying away everything which the
dredge picks up, the shells being valuable for hardening the bottoms
on their planting grounds and as cultcli for catching a set of spat.
That some vessels are guilty of such behavior is within the knowl¬
edge of the writer, and moreover the charge is supported by the con¬
dition of the beds. One of the most noteworthy of the facts disclosed
by the tong examinations was the small quantity of shells found as
compared with similar examinations of beds in other States. On
the five important beds in the vicinity of the Kidge there are less
than 2 per cent as many shells per square yard as are found on the
seed beds of James River, Va., where culling is strictly enforced. In
places the deep pavement of shells which must have existed formerly
has been completely removed and the underlying mud now shows
itself in patches in the midst of the beds. A hard-worked bed to be
in a healthy condition should contain an abundance of shells. The
ultimate result of the continuance of this state of affairs is not difficult
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
27
to foresee. Oysters can not set on the mud. They must have some
hard, clean object to which to attach when they settle down from
their infantile free-swimming habit, and on the beds the old shells
and the oysters themselves offer the only possibilities. If there be
few or no shells the recuperation of exhausted beds is correspondingly
retarded. If both shells and oysters are persistently removed, the
most productive bed eventually will be hopelessly depleted.
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS.
TIDES AND CURRENTS.
A staff tide gauge was established at the wharf at Mahon River
Liglit-house and readings were taken hourly from 8 a. m. until 5 p. m.
during the period of the survey. This does not furnish a very accurate
plane of reference, but as the location of the gauge was central with
respect to the more important beds it is sufficiently accurate for the
purposes of this report. The average rise and fall of the tide between
June 19 and July 10 was 5.4 feet, the minimum being 4.5 feet on July
10 and the maximum 6.3 on July 2.
No measurements of the velocity of currents were made, but in
general it may be stated that they are strong throughout the region
embraced in this report.
SALINITY OF THE WATER.
The salinity of the water exhibited a very considerable range
within the limits covered by the survey. From June 18 to July 10
observations were made three times daily at the anchorage of the
Fish Hawk and several times each day on the oyster beds undergoing
examination. Most of the observations on the Fish Hawk were made
at a point about 1 niile south of the east line and about 3 miles
offshore, but others, fewer in number, were made near the southern
limit of the planted beds, near the middle of the north and south
extent of the public beds, and at the upper limit of oyster growth
opposite Woodland Beach.
The data obtained are shown in the following table:
Salinity of Water Over Oyster Beds, June 18 to July 10.
Locality.
Number
of obser¬
vations.
Specific gravity of water corrected.
Average
tempera¬
ture of
water.
Maximum.
Minimum.
Average.
Opposite Woodland Beach .
Midway between Ship John and Elbow Light¬
house .
3
3
33
6
1.0074
i
1.0121
1.0149
1.0178
1.0032
1.0100
1.0103
1.0158
1.0057
1.0107
1.0136
1.0164
°F.
79
77
77
68
3J miles southeast by east of Mahon River
Light .
6 miles east-northeast of Bowers Beach . . f .
28
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
At the upper limit of oyster growth the salinity of the water was
low at a time when there had been comparatively little rainfall, and
it is probable that it may become practically fresh at this point during
periods of freshet. This is without much doubt the cause inhibiting
the growth of oysters at places higher up the river.
At the southern end of the planting grounds the salinity is com¬
paratively high and in consequence it is to be expected that the drill
or borer would be destructive. On the more important of the public
beds, those lying between the east line and the mouth of Leipsic
Creek, the density is favorable for the welfare of the oysters. It
probably never falls so low as seriously to threaten the beds, and, on
the other hand, it is hardly high enough, excepting close to the east
line, to favor an abundance of drills.
ENEMIES OF THE OYSTER.
It is stated that schools of drumfish occasionally appear on the
oyster beds of Delaware Bay and cause much damage, but none were
observed during the survey. This enemy' of the oyster is usually
more destructive on planted beds than on the public rocks, probably
because the single-culled oysters on the former are easier to crush
than are the clustered, sharp-edged specimens more common on the
natural beds. The inroads of the drumfish are sporadic and unex¬
pected in most places, although on the coasts of some of the Southern
States they are frequent enough to warrant the inclosure of the planted
beds with wire fences. This appears to be the only really adequate
protection, though if the presence of a school on the beds or in their
vicinity is discovered in time it can often be driven from the neigh¬
borhood by the use of explosives.
The principal enemy to the oyster on the Delaware beds is the drill
or borer, a small marine snail which drills a hole through the oyster’s
shell and thus gains access to the contents, which it consumes. The
perforation is made by actual drilling with a rasplike organ protruded
from the mouth, and so far as is known no acid or other solvent is
employed to soften the shell. The drill breeds during late spring and
summer, laying its eggs in vase-shaped, leathery capsules attached
in clusters to shells and other hard bodies on the bottom. These
capsules, each containing several eggs, are readily recognizable,
being about one-fourth inch long and usually yellow in color.
In the few places examined on the planted beds there were con¬
siderable numbers of drills and many small oysters killed by them.
On the public beds near the east line some drills and killed oysters
were found, but over most of the area surveyed the salinity of the
water is somewhat too low to permit these pests ever to become a
serious factor. Below a salinity represented approximately by a
mixture of equal parts of salt and fresh water, having a specific
gravity of about 1.012 or 1.013, the drill will not thrive.
NATURAL OYSTER BEDS OF DELAWARE.
29
Although in the absence of other food the drill will attach and
sometimes kill oysters of marketable size, it invariably attacks smaller
ones by preference. Seed oysters 2 or 2% inches in diameter are com¬
paratively immune, and in places where the drills are particularly
troublesome such seed should be planted in preference to smaller.
Although such is not known to be the case in Delaware, there are
localities in which it is useless to plant shells or other cultch, as the
spat is drilled before its shell has lost its first paperlike thinness.
The drill is a difficult enemy to combat. Where it is sufficiently
abundant to be a menace on private beds the oysters are usually
dredged up and the drills removed by hand and destroyed, after
which the oysters are again laid down. Much can be done by destroy¬
ing the drills and their egg capsules wherever found. The common
practice of some Delaware planters of depositing rough seed on their
beds undoubtedly helps to maintain the abundance of the drill.
■-
5 .
- , I
THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910
By Millard C. Marsh
Agent at the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska
and
John N. Cobb
Assistant Agent
Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 746
1
CONTENTS
* Page.
Summarized statistics . 5
Persons engaged . 5
Investment . . . 6
Products . 7
The salmon industry . 11
Hatcheries . 11
Statistics . 12
Catch . 12
Canning . 15
Canneries in operation . 17
Pickling . 21
Mild curing . 23
Fresh salmon . 25
Minor preserving processes . 25
Return of marked salmon . 26
Observations in Wood River region . 27
Count of breeding run in Wood River . 28
Significance of Wood River data . 33
Explorations of Lake Aleknagik . 37
The cod fishery . 37
Shore stations . 38
Statistics for central Alaska . 39
Persons engaged . 39
Investment . 39
Products . 39
Vessel fishing . 40
The halibut fishery . 40
Fishing grounds . 40
Methods and conditions . 42
Statistics . 44
Persons engaged in the southeast Alaska halibut fisheries . 44
Investment in the southeast Alaska halibut fisheries . 44
Products of the southeast Alaska halibut fisheries . 45
Puget Sound fishing fleet . 45
The herring fishery . 45
Abundance of fish. . . 45
Uses for food and bait . 46
The fertilizer question . 47
Statistics . 50
Persons engaged . 50
Investment . 50
Products . * . 51
Fertilizer and oils . 51
3
4
CONTENTS.
Page
The crab fishery . 51
The whale fishery . 52
Furs . 53
Aquatic furs . 54
Beavrer . 54
Muskrat . 55
Land otter . 55
Sea otter . 55
F ur seal . ' . . 56
Miscellaneous aquatic mammals . 58
Hair seals . 58
Walruses . 59
License taxes and hatchery rebates . 60
Complaints and prosecutions . 61
Proposed legislation... . 63
Recommendations . 65
Appendix. — Fishery laws and regulations . 67
An act for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of Alaska . 67
An act to prohibit aliens from fishing in the waters of Alaska . 70
Fishery regulations . 71
Regulations for protection of fur-bearing animals . 71
THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910
By Millard C. Marsh, Agent at the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska ,
and
John N. Cobb, Assistant Agent.
SUMMARIZED STATISTICS OF THE FISHERIES.
As in the similar reports for previous years, the District of Alaska
is considered in the four geographic sections generally recognized,
as follows: Southeast Alaska, embracing all that narrow strip of
mainland and the numerous islands adjacent, from Portland Canal
northwestward to and including Yakutat Bay; central Alaska, the
region on the Pacific, or south side, from Yakutat Bay westward,
including the Aleutian chain; western Alaska, the shores of Bering
Sea and islands in this sea; and arctic Alaska, from Bering Strait to
the Canadian border.
With the exception of arctic Alaska and a portion of central and
western Alaska, practically all of the fishing localities were visited
by one or the other of the two agents engaged in the inspection work
this year. Considerable commercial fishing is carried on in the Yukon
River and its tributaries, where fish wheels, nets, and spears are
employed, but unfortunately it has been found impossible so far,
owing to the short time available for the agents each season, to extend
the inspection work over this large area, or to secure data showing
the extent of the fisheries there. Owing to the impossibility of the
agents visiting arctic Alaska in the limited open season, the data for
this section are incomplete, but what have been secured are shown.
It has been found an impossibility to secure even approximate data
as to the persons engaged or the investment in the hunting of aquatic
animals (except fur seals and sea otters), which is general among the
natives.
PERSONS ENGAGED.
The number of persons engaged in the fisheries of Alaska in 1910
was 15,620, an increase of 3,032 over 1909. Of these 6,836 were
whites, 4,147 Indians, 2,411 Chinese, 2,206 Japanese, 4 Koreans, and
59395°— 11 - 19 5
6
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
16 Filipinos, as compared with 5,608 whites, 2,823 Indians, 1,998
Chinese, and 2,159 Japanese, in 1909, showing an increase in 1910
of 1,228 whites, 1,324 Indians, 413 Chinese, and 47 Japanese, The
most gratifying feature is the large increase in the numbeir of whites
and Indians employed, as all of the Indians and many of the whites
are permanent residents of the District. The fact that the fisher¬
men act as sailors on the transporting vessels to and from the salmon
canneries and salteries explains the small number of transporters
shown in the table as compared with the large number of transporting
vessels.
Persons Engaged in the Alaska Fisheries in 1910.
Occupation and race.
Southeast
• Alaska.
Central
Alaska.
W estern
Alaska.
Arctic
Alaska.
Total.
Fishermen:
Vessel—
402
6
.
408
38
48
86
4
4
444
54
498
Shore-
Whites .
1,149
737
1,589
72
3,475
2, 416
19
1, 710
196
438
10
9
3
3
2,872
933
1,670
438
5, 913
3, 316
987
1,670
438
6,411
Shoresmen:
Whites .
731
396
1,232
331
10
2,369
1,566
1,103
132
'705
468
1,218
2,391
2, 188
4
472
393
1,323
4
16
16
3,011
1,393
4,120
10
8, 534
Transporters:
Whites .
264
115
205
■
5S4
69
10
79
1
1
8
3
11
341
129
205
675
Grand total .
6, 668
2, 509
5, 995
448
15, 620
INVESTMENT.
The total investment in the fisheries is 820,711,422, an increase of
$10,829,740, as compared with 1909. A considerable proportion of
this increase is due to the showing of cash capital once more, this item
having been eliminated for the first time in 1906. Nearly all forms
of apparatus show increases as compared with 1909.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910,
7
Investment in the Alaska Fisheries in 1910.
Items.
Southeast
Alaska.
Central
Alaska.
Western
Alaska.
Arctic
Alaska.
Total.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Fishing vessels:
71
$501, 100
71
$501,100
1,024
i;024
177, 049
177,049
Sailing. .
3
3; 800
2
$4,000
5
7; 800
35
87
122
875
1,300
2, 175
Transporting vessels:
Steamers and launches.
135
366, 850
28
252, 050
44
$650, 950
207
1,269,850
1, 378
1,195
2,662
5,235
Outfit.-. .
210, 800
77, 900
109, 600
398, 300
20
180; 150
i3
385, 500
32
711,000
65
1,276,650
Tonnage .
6,753
17, 395
41, 748
65,896
Outfit .
33, 200
22,000
48, 000
103,200
Steamers and launches
(under 5 tons) .
240
401,030
12
26,225
7
18, 200
259
oi445,455
Boats, sail and row .
1,090
59,648
570
33, 880
845
186', 840
82
$13, 300
2,587
293, 668
Scows and lighters .
142
67, 183
111
58, 300
130
107, 529
383
233,012
Pile drivers .
22
45, 197
21
46; 300
17
38| 300
60
129; 797
Apparatus, vessel fish-
eries:
Purse seines .
10
3, 995
6 10
3^995
Lines, trawl .
22,080
22! 080
Shotguns .
48
476
48
Whaling gear .
1,015
1,015
Apparatus,' shore fish-
eries:
Haul seines .
4S
9,797
56
21,285
c 104
31 082
Purse seines .
152
43, 079
d 152
Gill nets .
416
58, 659
132
17,295
903
90, 682
cl, 451
1 fifi fi3fi
Dip nets .
13
123
18
9
31
132
Lines, hand .
521
1,245
1 700
Lines, trawl .
15, 870
15 870
Traps, stake .
41
109, 550
38
51, 162
14
19,500
93
180 212
Traps, floating .
13
22, 728
1
1, 500
14
24 , 228
Crab pots .
366
1,082
3fifi
Spears .
120
115
120
* 115
Hoes .
14
10
5
4
19
Shotguns .
40
1,200
40
1 200
Whaling gear .
18 r 450
Cash capital .
3, 544, 333
1,593,444
3.456,660
10, 000
8,604,437
Shore and accessory prop-
erty .
2,376,584
1, 346, 405
3, 030, 008
4,500
6,757,497
Total .
8,257,623
3,940,280
8,485,706
46, 250
20, 711, 422
a Includes outfit. d Aggregate length of 59,030 yards.
b Aggregate length of 3,280 yards. « Aggregate length of 412.176 yards.
d Aggregate length of 36,190 yards.
PRODUCTS.
The total quantity of products was 214,536,433 pounds, valued at
$13,259,859, an increase of 12,553,195 pounds and $2,078,471 over
1909. Except for salmon bellies and backs, fertilizer, oil, furs, and
bides, the weights are round weights, or the weights of products when
first taken from the water; for weights of prepared products the
reader is referred to the subsidiary tables of the report. As the pack¬
ing establishments almost invariably catch their own fish, it has been
found practically impossible to show the value of the products as
they leave the fishermen’s hands, hence the values shown are for the
prepared products.
8
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Products of Alaska Fisheries iti 1910.
Products.
Southeast Alaska.
Pounds. Value,
Black cod:
Fresh .
Frozen .
Pickled .
Cod:
Fresh .
Pickled .
Dry-salted .
Tongues, pickled .
Eulachon:
Fresh .
Pickled .
Smoked .
Flounders, or sole .
Halibut:
Fresh .
Frozen .
Fletched .
Pickled . . . . .
Herring:
Fresh .
Frozen .
Pickled .
Dry-salted .
Eggs, dried .
Pollock .
Redfish, or black bass .
Rock cod:
Fresh .
Pickled .
Salmon:
Fresh-
Coho, or silver .
Humpback, or pink. . . .
King, or spring .
Red, or sockeye .
Frozen —
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
King, or spring .
Canned-
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink. . . .
Kang, or spring .
Red, or sockeye .
Mild-cured —
King, or spring .
Pickled-
Coho, or silver .
Humpback, or pink. . . .
King, or spring .
King, or spring, fins....
Red, or sockeye .
Red, or sockeye, tips...
Dry-salted—
Coho, or silver, backs...
Dog, or chum .
King, or spring .
Humpback, or pink,
backs .
Red, or sockeye, backs.
Smoked —
Coho, or silver, backs. .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink,
backs .
Red, or sockeye, backs.
Salmon bellies, pickled:
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink .
King, or spimg .
Red, or sockeye . .
Smelt .
Tomcod . . .
13,800
10,172
72,673
6,000
$572
326
1,934
300
2,600
40,000
000
5,000
19,038,001
2,467,125
73,893
270
574,359
522,500
731,560
45,600
1,000
104
1,200
36
150
731,914
73,548
2,534
14
5,203
5,225
12,255
954
100
19,100
22,000
100
52,588
24, 000
977, 348
77,577
97, 529
17,337
38, 576
5,841,990
16,221,450
34,382, 285
24,360
18, 247, 740
3,824, 900
9, 450
84, 780
960
1,080
7
2,419
300
45,770
4,378
3,889
695
1,235
404,907
703, 555
1,565,358
1,998
1,466,918
218, 441
296
1,905
400
540
29, 570
9,600
21,800
554
288
278
440
100
14,000
84, 200
1,200
600
4,085
800
770
4,410
128
24
205
32
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
16,000
125,866
2,877,157
3,600
$560
3,320
59,433
130
51,000
2,040
10,000
300
60, 480
1,728
1,800
8,000
11,000
90
400
440
7,500
225
28, 000
840
1,394,960
9,170
2,225,790
1,105,020
25, 541, 250
35, 650
33,750
3,510
99, 103
403
101,380
85,235
1,959,539
2,232
1,208
78
814, 870
1,564,640
2, 194, 360
1,686,090
57, 729, 700
$55,656
69, 451
97, 317
127, 569
4,347, 933
810
95, 040
15
3,399
400,950
12,278
2,819,880
800
92, 351
60
10,000
290
1,500
17,000
2,000
25
410
200
16,058
25,200
1,608
1, 135
39,000
1, 725
161,000
10,815
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910,
9
Products of Alaska Fisheries in 1910 — Continued.
Products.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Trout:
1,000
50,000
$50
2,000
Dolly Varden, or salmon
trout—
15,000
13,510
$750
618
1,000
7, 100
3,800
19,215
2,617,000
869, 141
2,077,500
165
2,744,480
70
6,880
116,904
2,000
368
50
284
168
1,153
40,000
16, 456
55,000
10
117,270
30
430
4,902
300
1,922
Steelhead—
Fertilizer:
Whale ..
Oil:
3,200
32,000
120
2,400
Aquatic furs and skins:
608
11
560
1,117
120
3
2,763
59
917
4,493
5,900
5
1,026
52
25,834
2,302
20
6
85,476
242
871
$5,883
160
69,245
8,843
670
32
468,042
12
150
1,592
1,232
15
5,086
5,213
600
Otter —
Beal—
828
4,207
2,790
80
400,000
395,000
114,711
55,025
796
85
4,500
4,789
5,249
4,805
Whale products:
113,223,554
5,542,633
34,288,340
2,365, 195
67,022,019
5,346,788
Products.
Arctic Alaska.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Black cod:
•
13, 800
10,172
72,673
22,000
125,866
2,877,157
3.600
2.600
40,000
600
5,000
19,089,001
2,467,125
73, 893
270
584, 359
522,500
792,040
45,600
1.000
1.800
27,100
$572
326
1,934
860
3,320
59, 433
130
104
1,200
36
150
733,954
73, 548
2,534
14
5,503
5,225
13,983
954
100
90
1.360
Cod:
Eulachon:
Halibut:
Herring:
Redfisb. or black bass .
10
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910,
Products op Alaska Fisheries in 1910 — Continued.
Arctic Alaska.
Total.
Products.
Pounds.
Value.
Rock cod:
Fresh .
Pickled .
Salmon:
Fresh —
Coho, or silver .
Humpback, or pink .
King, or spring .
Red, or sockeye .
Frozen-
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
King, or spring .
Canned-
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink .
King, or spring .
Red, or sockeye .
Mild-cured-
King, or spring .
Pickled-
Coho, or silver .
Humpback, or pink .
King, or spring .
King, or spring, fins .
Red, or sockeye .
Red, or sockeye, tips .
Dry-salted—
Coho, or silver, backs .
Dog, or chum .
King, or spring . *
Humpback, or pink, backs. . .
Red, or sockeye, backs .
Smoked-
Coho, or silver, backs .
Dog, or chum. . .
Humpback, or pink, backs. . .
Red, or sockeye, backs .
Salmon bellies, pickled:
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink .
King, or spring .
Red, or sockeye .
Smelt . .
Tomeod . .
Trout:
Cutthroat . .
Dolly Varden, or salmon trout —
Fresh . ' _
Canned .
Pickled . .
Rainbow . .
Steelhead —
Fresh . .
Frozen . .
Fertilizer:
Herring . .
Whale . .
Oil:
Herring . .
Shark . .
Whale .
Abalone shells .
Clams .
Crabs .
Seaweed .
Aquatic furs and skins:
Beaver _ .
Castoreum .
Muskrat .
Pounds.
Value.
33,000
$1,520
100
7
60,088
2,644
24, 000
300
977,348
45,770
105, 577
5,218
97,529
3,889
17,337
695
38,576
1,235
8,051,820
559, 666
17,795,200
773,409
38, 802, 435
1,764,055
2,815,470
214,802
101, 518, 690
7,774, 390
3,860,550
220,673
43, 200
1,504
89, 100
1,998
95,040
3, 399
400
24
3,221,370
104,649
800
60
10,000
290
29, 570
554
9,600
288
23, 300
303
17, 000
410
2,000
200
440
60
100
5
16,058
1,608
25,200
1,135
14,000
770
123, 200
6,135
1,200
128
161,600
10, 839
4, 0S5
205
800
32
1,000
50
65,000
2,750
13, 510
618
1,000
50
7,100
284
3,800
168
19,215
1,153
2,617,000
40,000
869, 141
16, 456
a 2, 077, 500
55,000
6165
10
c 2, 744,480
117,270
70
30
d 10, 080
550
*148,904
7, 302
2,000
300
/ 2,002
10,568
63
219
9 27, 986
75,248
a Represents 277,000 gallons.
6 Represents 22 gallons.
c Represents 309,930 gallons.
d Represents 1 ,260 bushels,
e Represents 70,452 crabs.
/ Represents 2,002 skins.
o Represesnt 223,893 skins.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
11
Products op Alaska Fisheries in 1910 — Continued.
Arctic Alaska.
Total.
Products.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aquatic furs and skins— Continued.
Otter —
Land .
a 4 fifil
$18, 549
Sea .
6155
o 9
dSO 304
Sea, pups .
37
472,249
12
Seal-
Fur .
Fur, unborn .
<242
/ 3, 661
266
400,000
395,000
114,711
Hair .
Walrus ivory .
186
$186
271
Whale products:
Bones, unground .
Bones, ground .
Stearin .
5,' 249
Whalebone, or baleen .
2,334
5,057
Total .
2,520
5,243
214, 536, 433
a Represents 1,861 skins.
6 Represents 31 skins.
c Represents 3 skins.
d Represents 14,384 skins (of these, 660 skins were from a seized Japanese schooner).
e Represents 121 skins (these were from a seized Japanese schooner).
/ Represents 1,221 skins.
THE SALMON INDUSTRY.
The run of salmon was very good in all sections except western
Alaska. For a time the outlook was bad in southeast Alaska owing to
the excessive rains which prevailed during the first half of the season,
causing the salmon to rush up the streams, but an exceptionally dry
spell lasting six weeks followed, which made the streams quite low and
kept the fish from going up too rapidly. As a result the fisherman
were enabled to make large catches during this period.
HATCHERIES.
Seven salmon hatcheries were operated during the season of 1909-10,
as follows:
Salmon Hatcheries Operated in 1910.
Name. ,
Location.
Afognak Island .
Hetta Lake .
Quadra Lake .
Owner and operator.
United States Bureau of Fisheries.
Do.
Alaska Packers Association.
Do.
North Pacific Trading and Packing Co., and
North Alaska Salmon Co.
Northwestern Fisheries Co.
Do.
The Alaska Packers Association reports as follows on a subject of
interest to fish culturists:
We have been quite successful in retaining the fry in our nursery ponds [at Fort-
mann hatchery] for a definite period and feeding them on fresh steelheads macerated
12
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
to a pulp. In two ponds containing about 10,000,000 fry, from 30 to 40 pounds of this
food was fed each day, and they appeared to thrive wonderfully well upon it, as
scarcely any dead fry were found.
The rainfall was 160.80 inches and the snowfall 289 inches for the
year ended June 30, 1910, at Fortmann hatchery; which record will
give a slight idea of the weather conditions with which the super¬
intendents of hatcheries in Alaska have to contend. Despite the
adverse weather conditions, however, all of the hatcheries except
Fortmann and Afognak operated at full capacity, and taken as a
whole the season was a fairly successful one.
The Klawak Lake hatchery of the North Pacific Trading & Packing
Co. was enlarged the present summer so that it is now able to handle
10,000,000 eggs.
At the dam on the stream leading to Capt. John C. Callbreath’s
hatchery on McHenry Inlet a man has been stationed each year since
the hatchery was shut down, for the purpose of lifting the salmon over
the structure. In 1908, 1,022 males and 876 females were put over,
and in 1909, 516 males and 434 females.
Output of the Salmon Hatcheries of Alaska.
Hatcheries.
Year ended June 30, 1910. a
Eggs taken 1910-11.
Red, or sockeye.
Humpback, or pink.
Red, or
sockeye.
Hump¬
back, or
pink.
Eggs taken.
Fry liber¬
ated.
Eggs
taken.
Fry lib¬
erated.
6 72,005,000
76,020,000
53,340,000
45,228,000
(c)
10,313,000
10,863,000
69, 879, 600
68, 422, 170
50, 725,000
40,620,000
5,300,000
9,000,000
9,850,000
72,000,000
30,725,000
34,920,000
49,626,000
(O
9,141,000
11,200,000
114,000
405,000
499,400
363,740
253,796, 770
499, 400
363,740
9,141,000
519,000
a In three instances fry were held until July, 1910, and in order to make the record for the season complete
these have been included.
6 Of these, 5,000 were reported as coho eggs.
c No report.
STATISTICS.
catch in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1910.
Following is a table showing, for the geographic sections, by appara¬
tus and species and by species alone, the number of salmon caught in
the years 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1910. All species, except red salmon,
show increases over 1909. The total catch in 1910 is smaller than in
any of the other years shown.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910. 13
Catch of Salmon in Alaska in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1910, by Sections,
Species, and Apparatus.
Apparatus and species.
1907
1908
1909
1910
SOUTHEAST ALASKA.
Seines:
302,963
1,101, §22
8, 614, 551
259
1,419,221
273,993
1,378,339
8,900,467
1,812
1,691,149
165,177
387,774
5,572,005
293
1,285, 265
322,521
1, 566, 221
6,228, 732
152
1,481,898
Total .
11,438,816
12, 245, 760
7,410,514
9, 599, 522
Traps:
139,783
158, 170
3,438,335
26.835
615,684
119,034
368, 709
5, 102,843
3,448
486, 646
112,213
337,395
3, 628, 940
* 5, 107
893,816
165,023
437,726
3,151,684
2, 546
860, 737
Total .
4, 378, 807
6,080,680
4, 977,471
4,617,716
Gill nets:
83,943
74,298
18, 029
70,388
214, 442
84, 176
56, 431
59,582
64, 148
378, 834
78,845
9,041
127,422
68.659
478, 398
164,990
28,802
32,357
51,667
574, 251
Total .
461,100
643, 171
762,365
852, 067
Lines:
1,052
23,082
1,329
61,633
8,000
134,606
6,000
204,823
Total .
24, 134
62,962
142,606
210, 823
Spears:
20,000
4,000
45,400
70,000
Wheels:
King, or spring .
27
Total:
527,741
1,334,290
12,070,915
120, 564
2, 269, 347
478, 532
. 1,803,479
14,062,892
131,068
2,560,629
364,235
734,210
9, 328, 367
208, 665
2,702,879
658, 534
2,032,749
9,412,773
259, 188
2,986,886
Grand total .
16,322,857
19,036,600
13,338,356
15,350,130
CENTRAL ALASKA.
Seines:
48,759
252,373
4,015
3,568,069
60,847
268, 466
3,028
2, 709,750
52, 258
127,549
3,907
2,038,833
64,202
375,041
1,598
2,227,803
Total .
3,873,216
3,042,091
2,222,547
2,668,644
Traps:
163,076
90,616
89,918
115,922
1,318
273,023
34,007
2,095,563
6,420
36,791
2,711,142
375,140
17,216
3,740
44,632
2, 285, 401 2, 152, 555
Total .
2,917,429
2,768,373 | 2,290,845
2, 519, 833
Gill nets:
15,000
27,022
358, 649
18,826
15,995
298, 915
18.351
512, 464
18,059
487,984
Total .
400,671
530, 815
506,043
333,736
Total:
226,835
151,463
142, 176
198,950
1,318
648,004
51,600
4,622,281
258,793
67,828
6,637,860
643,606
38,595
5,507,615
131,289
66, 598
4,679,372
7.191,316
6,341,279
5,019,435 | 5,522,213
14
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Catch op Salmon in Alaska in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1910, by Sections,
Species, and Apparatus — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
1907
1908
1909
1910
WESTERN ALASKA.
Traps:
29, 199
36, 141
1,600
5,011
1,078,869
20,000
114, 534
261,519
4,856
860, 516
9,930
101,456
15
3,096
508,011
6,340
58,039
513,072
4,382
326,833
1,150,720
1,261,425
622, 508
908, 666
Gill nets:
109,650
472, 586
337, 514
134,391
9, 181,034
86,088
340,309
138, 138
87, 174
16,013,966
71,393
346,340
31,811
128,893
15, 133,872
132,860
252, 179
149,057
97,373
11,266,776
10, 235, 175
16,665,075
15,712,309
11,898,245
Total:
138,849
508.727
339,014
139. 402
10,259,903
106,088
454,843
399,657
92,030
16, 874, 482
81,323
447,796
31,826
131,989
15,641,883
139,200
310,218
662, 129
101,755
11,593,609
11,385,895
17,927,100
16,334,817
12,806,911
TOTAL.
Seines:
351,722
1,101.822
8,866,924
4,274
4, 9S7.290
334,840
1,378.339
9,168,933
4,840
4,400,899
217,435
387,774
5,699,554
4,200
3,324,098
386,723
1,566,221
6,603,773
1.750
3,709,701
15,312,032
15.287,851
9,633,061
12,268, 168
Traps:
332,058
194,311
3,440,255
68, 637
4, 405, 695
229,650
483.243
5, 739,502
25,520
3,632,563
212,061
438. 851
3,632,695
52, 835
3,584,382
287,285
497,083
3,937,779
40,935
3,283,133
8, 446,956
10, 110, 478
7,920,824
8.046,215
Gill nets:
208. 593
546.884
355, 543
231, SOI
9,754,125
170,264
396,740
197,720
169,673
16,905, 264
150,238
355, 381
159,233
215,611
16,070,254
316,676
280,981
181.414
165,035
12, 139,942
11,096,946
17,839,661 | 16,950,717
13,084,048
Lines:
1,052
23, 082
1,329
61,633
8,000
134,606
6,000
204, 823
Total .
24, 134
62,962
142,606
210, 823
Spears:
20,000
4,000
45,400
70,000
Wheels:
27
Total:
893, 425
1.843.017
12,668.722
327,794
19, 167,110
736,083
2,258,322
15,106,155
261,693
24, 942, 726
587,734
1,182,006
9,491,482
407,252
23,024, 134
996, 684
2,344.285
10,722,966
412, 543
19, 202, 776
34,900,068
43,304,979
34,692.608
33, 679. 25-'
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
15
Number and Gross Weight op Each Species op Salmon Caught in 1907, 1908,
' 1909, and 1910.
Species.
1907
1908
Number.
893, 425
1,843,017
12, 60S, 722
327, 794
19, 167, 110
Pounds.
5, 360, 550
14,744,136
50,674,888
7,211,468
95,835,550
Number.
736, 083
2,258,322
15, 106, 155
261,693
24, 942, 726
Pounds.
4,416,498
18,066,576
60, 424, 620
5, 757, 246
124, 713, 630
Humpback, or pink .
34,900,068
173,826,592
43, 304, 979
213, 378, 570
Species.
1909
1910
Number.
587, 734
1,182,006
9, 491,482
407,252
23, 024, 134
Pounds.
3, 526, 404
9, 456.048
37,965,928
8, 959, 544
115, 120, 670
Number.
996, 684
2, 344,285
10, 722,966
412, 543
19,202, 776
Pounds.
5,980, 104
18,754,280
42,891,864
9, 075, 946
96,013,880
Total .
34, 692, 608
175, 028, 594
33, 679, 254
172,716,074
CANNING.
When the season of 1909 opened, all grades of salmon, except
pinks and chums, were commanding remunerative prices. The
prices of these two grades began to crumble in 1908 and kept on
dropping through 1909, until finally they reached bottom at S2.40
per case for pinks (a drop of $1.05 per case from the 1907 prices)
and $2.28 per case for chums (a drop of 96 cents per case from the
1907 prices). The demand for pink and chum salmon began to
fall off in 1907, despite which the packers kept on piling up stock
during the next two years, with the result that they became a drug
on the market, and for a time it was difficult to move them, even
at the above unremunerative prices. Late in 1909 the demand
began to improve, and when the season of 1910 opened but few
pinks and chums were left in first hands.
Early in the season rumors began to circulate that prices on all
grades would be advanced, and the buyers, who had been content
to buy only for immediate necessities as long as prices seemed to
be crumbling, now came into the market with orders for large stocks.
As a result, the packers soon were obliged to prorate the orders,
as the pack did not begin to equal the demand. The expected high
prices were realized, and before the pack had come out of Alaska it
was all sold at the most remunerative figures realized by the packers
in years.
In 1909, owing to the expected quadrennial heavy run of sockeye
salmon on Puget Sound, the canneries of Gorman & Co., at Kasaan,
of the Astoria & Puget Sound Packing Co., in Excursion Inlet, and
of the Fidalgo Island Packing Co., at Ketchikan, all in southeast
16
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Alaska, were shut clown, as these companies felt it would be more
profitable to devote all their energies to their Puget Sound plants.
In 1910 all were operated. In addition new canneries were opened
by the St. Elias Packing Co., at Alsek, in southeast Alaska, by the
Northwestern Fisheries Co., at Kenai, on Cook Inlet (succeeding the
mild-curing plant formerly operated by the San Juan Fishing &
Packing Co.), and by the Columbia River Packers Association, at
Chignik, in central Alaska. The cannery of the Alaska Salmon
Co., on Wood River, western Alaska, which was closed down in
1909, owing to the loss of its supply ship, was operated this year.
New canneries which will likely be finished in time to operate in
1911 are the Hawk Fishing Co., at Hawk Inlet, Tee Harbor Pack¬
ing Company, at Tee Harbor, southeast Alaska, and the Alaska Pack¬
ers Association, at Naknek, western Alaska. For some years the
Alaska Packers Association lias operated two canneries at Karluk,
on Kodiak Island. Karluk has no harbor, except for boats draw¬
ing less than 4 feet of water, and the association, fearing a repeti¬
tion of the disaster of 1907, when the bark Servia, with a full cargo
of salmon, was driven ashore in a gale and totally destroyed, began
in 1909 the erection of a new cannery at Larsen Bay, a well-
sheltered spot near by. This establishment will operate in 1911, the
two Karluk canneries being held in reserve. Fishing will be car¬
ried on as usual at Karluk, the fish being transported to the new
cannery. C. A. Burckhardt & Co., who now operate two canneries
in southeast Alaska, have bought the saltery formerly owned by
Mrs. A. E. King, at Sunny Point, southeast Alaska, and will convert
this into a one-line cannery. The Alaska Fishermen’s Packing Co.
have purchased the Nelson, Olsen & Co. saltery in Kvichak Bay,
western Alaska, and will replace the old plant by a one-line cannery.
Several canneries are also engaged in making, or are contemplating,
extensive changes to and enlargements of their present plants.
On August 10 the cannery of the Alaska-Portland Packers’ Asso¬
ciation, at Snag Point, Nushagak Bay, was completely destroyed by
fire. The warehouse alongside, with much of the gill-netting and
all of the trap web, together with part of the season’s pack, was also
consumed. The bunk houses, store, office, and residence, and the
floating property, were saved. The property loss was about $200,000,
partly covered by insurance. The company will rebuild next spring
and hopes to have the cannery completed in time to operate that
season.
On the night of September 12 fire broke out in the cannery of
Gorman & Co., at Kasaan, in southeast Alaska, and resulted in the
total destruction of the cannery, warehouse, store, hotel, and part of
the season’s pack. The company will erect a new cannery in time to
operate next season.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910,
17
Several canneries packed some thousands of cases of salmon in
the new seamless, or sanitary can with such success that it is probably
a question of but a few seasons until this will be the only form of
can in use in Alaska.
The two cannery fires resulted in the loss of the following cases of
salmon :
Cases.
Cohos, 1-pound tall . 1, 552
Chums, 1-pound tall . 4, 896
Pinks, £-pound flat . 141
Pinks, 1-pound tall . 11} 956
Reds, 1-pound tall . 22,178
Total . . . . . 40,723
These have been included in the statistical tables, as they had
passed through all the stages of packing and were eventually paid for
by the insurance companies.
CANNERIES IN OPERATION.
Following is a list of the canneries operated during the season of
1910:
Name.
Location.
Southeast Alaska:
John L. Carlson & Co .
George T. Myers & Co .
Yakutat & Southern Railway Co .
Astoria & Puget Sound Canning Co...
Pacific American Fisheries .
Northwestern Fisheries Co .
North Pacific Trading & Packing Co..
Fidalgo Island Packing Co .
Shakan Salmon Co .
Gorman & Co .
F. C. Barnes Co. (Inc.) .
Thlinket Packing Co .
Alaska Packers Association .
St. Elias Packing Co .
Pillar Bay Packing Co .
Metlakahtla Industrial Co .
Pacific Coast & Norway Packing Co. .
Yes Bay Canning Co .
Chilkoot Fisheries Co .
Central Alaska:
Northwestern Fisheries Co .
Alaska Packers Association .
Columbia River Packers’ Association
Western Alaska:
Alaska Packers Association .
North Alaska Salmon Co .
Northwestern Fisheries Co .
Naknek Packing Co .
Red Salmon Canning Co .
Alaska-Portland Packers Association
Bristol Bay Packing Co .
Alaska Fishermen’s Packing Co .
Columbia River Packers Association.
Alaska Salmon Co . .
Taku Harbor.
Sitkoh Bay.
Yakutat.
Excursion Inlet.
Do.
Dundas Bay, Quadra Bay, Santa Ana,
Hunter Bay.
Klawak.
Ketchikan.
Shakan.
ICasaan.
Lake Bay.
Funter Bay.
Loring and Wrangell.
Alsek River.
Point Ellis.
Metlakahtla.
Petersburg.
Yes Bay.
Chilkoot Inlet.
Chignik, Uyak, Kenai, and Orca.
Kasilof, Karluk (2), Alitak,and Chignik.
Chignik.
Nushagak Bay (2), Kvichak Bay (2),
Naknek River (2), and Ugaguk
River.
Kvichak Bay, Nushagak Bay, Ugaguk
River, and Lockanok.
Nushagak Bay.
Naknek River.
Ugashik River.
Nushagak Bay.
Kvichak Bay.
Nushagak Bay.
Do.
Wood River.
18
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Persons engaged. — The fishermen engaged this year numbered 3,722,
of whom slightly more than one-half were white. The cannery
employees numbered 8,194, of whom all nationalities show increases
as compared with 1909. The transporters numbered 515, an increase
over 1909. All branches of the industry show increases as com¬
pared with 1909. In all, 12,431 persons were employed, an increase
of 1,909 over 1909.
Persons Engaged in the Salmon-Canning Indgstry in 1910.
Occupation and race.
Southeast
Alaska.
Central
Alaska.
Western
Alaska.
Total.
Fishermen:
444
485
1,541
2,470
1,233
1,153
80
10
9
19
1,607
565
1,550
3,722
Shoresmen:
529
359
1,203
326
2,091
1,060
705
121
1,507
2,388
2,188
4
467
1,216
1,323
472
393
4
16
16
2, 766
1,344
4,084
8,194
Transporters:
184
111
189
484
23
2
25
1
1
2
3
5
209
117
189
515
Grand total:
Whites .
1,157
955
2,933
2, 236
203
'326
2,765
705
468
1,216
2,389
2, 212
484
396
1,332
4
4
16
16
4, 582
2,026
5,823
12,431
Investments, wages, e£c.-*-There were 52 canneries in operation —
23 in southeast Alaska, an increase of 4 over 1909; 10 in central Alaska,
an increase of 2 over 1909; and 19 in western Alaska, an increase of 1
over 1909; a total increase for all Alaska of 7.
There were 176 steamers and launches over 5 tons, 55 under 5
tons, and 59 sailing vessels engaged in transporting supplies and the
pack, and doing general work for the canneries. This is a large
increase over 1909.
All forms of apparatus except floating traps show increases over
1909. The increases are especially noticeable in purse seines and
stake traps, which increased in number 43 and 27 respectively.
Included in this table for the first time are the items of cash capital,
materials used, and wages paid. Considerable misapprehension
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
19
seems to have arisen among readers of this report as to the profits of
the cannerymen, which have appeared to them enormous. Such
an erroneous conclusion is apparently based on the assumption that
the price received for the canned product represents practically net
profits. For eight years prior to the 1910 season but few of the
cannerymen received an adequate return upon the capital invested,
while many of them sustained heavy losses during certain years.
It has been found difficult to secure accurate data showing the cost
of operation, and several items, such as insurance, taxes outside of
Alaska, commissions paid the brokers, etc., have not been taken into
account, but it is hoped in time to include these.
Investment in the Salmon-Canning Industry in 1910.
Items.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
W estern Alaska.
Total.
Number.
Value.
Number.
Value.
Number.
Value.
Number.
Value.
23
10
19
52
Transporting vessels:
Steamers and launches
over 5 tons .
110
$310, 450
24
$212,050
42
$605, 950
176
$1,128, 450
1,186
1,077
2, 507
4,770
175, 000
72, 000
104, 000
351,000
Sailing .
16
160i 250
11
348, 000
32
71 U 000
59
1,219; 250
6,332
17, 160
41, 748
65, 240
30, 000
20, 000
48, 000
98,000
Steamers and launches
under 5 tons .
39
86, 300
10
24, 025
6
13, 700
55
124, 025
Boats, sail and row .
541
36, 163
263
23, 990
822
178, 140
1,626
238,293
Lighters and scows .
108
46, 9S3
108
57,800
130
107,529
346
212,312
Pile drivers .
22
45, 197
21
46, 300
17
38,300
60
129,797
Apparatus:
45
9,372
24
18, 100
69
27, 472
133
38, 784
133
38; 784
Gill nets .
271
31 ; 134
127
16, 545
880
88, 957
1,278
136,636
Traps, stake .
41
109, 550
38
51,162
14
19, 500
93
180, 212
13
22, 728
1
1,500
14
24, 228
75
75
75
75
230, 000
100, 000
190, 000
520,000
Shore and accessory prop-
2,016,144
1,291,405
2,913,008
6, 220, 557
1, 964' 493
' 778', 531
1,646, 775
4, 389, 799
L 100, 678
638,886
562, 295
3; 301', 859
6, 413, 301
3,700,294
8, 227, 154
18,340,749
Output. — The table of products shows the quantity and value of
each species packed, with size and style of cans. As usual, western
Alaska leads in value of the pack, but southeast Alaska leads in
quantity packed. Red, or sockeye, salmon predominate in central
and western Alaska, while humpback, or pink, salmon predominate
in southeast Alaska.
20 FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Output of Salmon from the Canneries in 1910, by Species and Size of Cans. a
Products.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
Coho, or silver:
Cases.
326
2,249
80,045
Value.
SI, 299
12,357
391,251
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
326
2,249
111,614
Value.
$1,299
12, 357
546,010
19, 928
S99, 103
11,641
$55, 656
82, 620
404, 907
19, 928
99, 103
11,641
55, 656
114,189
559, 666
Dog, or chum:
231,735
703,555
131
403
22,352
69,451
254,218
773, 409
Humpback, or pink:
6,375
7, 900
480,088
15,871
35,550
1,513,937
6,375
7,900
543, 233
15, 871
35, 550
1,712,634
31,797
101,380
3i,348
97, 317
494,363
1,565,358
31,797
101,380
31,348
97,317
557,508
1,764,055
King, or spring:
108
294
432
1,566
108
40, 167
432
214,370
15, 786
85, 235
24, 087
127,569
402
1,998
15, 786
85, 235
24,087
127, 569
40, 275
214, 802
Red, or sockeye:
43,166
39, 941
199, 158
170,489
236, 453
1,059,976
1,474
5,896
44,640
39, 941
1,388,006
176,385
236,453
7,361,552
364, 875
1,959,539
823,973
4,342,037
282,265
1,466, 918
304, 875
1,959,539
825,447 [4,347,933
1,472,587
7,774,390
1,091,385
4, 142, 736
432, 517
2,245,660
914,875 [4,697,926
2, 438, 777
11,086,322
a All pound cases contain 48 1-pound cans; the J-pound cases contain 48 J-pound cans. Reduced to a
common basis of cases containing 48 1-pound cans, the pack is 2,413,052J cases.
Comparison of pack of 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1910.— With the excep¬
tion of 1908, the pack of 1910 exceeds in quantity that of any of the
four years, and it exceeds in value any of them, being the most
valuable pack ever put up in Alaska.
Comparison of the Output of the Salmon Canneries in 1907, 1908, 1909, and
1910.“
Products.
1907
1908
1909
1910
Coho, or silver:
1-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
Dog, or chum:
Cases.
969
3,933
80, 772
Value.
$4, 273
17,292
315,819
Cases.
209
2,414
66,309
Value.
$627
9,903
263,559
Cases.
1,206
55,350
Value.
$5, 543
225,486
Cabes.
326
2,249
111,614
Value.
$1,299
12, 357
546, 010
85,674
337, 384
68,932
274, 089
56,556
231,029
114,189
559, 666
491
664
183,262
1,228
2,125
544, 404
107
218,406
321
553, 876
1-pound tall .
Total .
Humpback, or pink:
120,712
274,110
254, 218
773,409
184,417
547, 757
218,513
554, 197
120, 712
274, 110
254,218
773,409
17,589
7,406
545, 772
46, 093
26, 662
1,726, 525
6,375
7, 900
543, 233
15,871
35,550
1,712,634
I-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
King, or spring:
J-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
Red, or sockeye:
J-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
Grand total . . .
569
643,564
1,590
1,731,789
464, 873
1,114,839
570, 767
1,799, 280
644, 133
1, 733, 379
464,873
1,114,839
557, 508
1,764,055
28
43,410
98
181,620
125
23, 667
425
99,442
48, 034
207, 624
108
40, 167
432
214,370
43,438
181,718
23, 792
99, 867
48, 034
207, 624
40, 275
214,802
45, 383
29, 821
1,242,600
160, 731
154, 646
5, 599, 850
21,817
261950
1,613, 911
68,083
138, 120
7, 318, 048
16, 385
85, 193
1,611,916
63, 888
236, 609
7, 310, 053
44,640
39, 941
1,388, 006
176,385
236, 453
7,361,552
1,317,804
5,915, 227
1, 662, 678
7, 524, 251
1,713,494
7,610,550
1,472,587
7,774,390
2,202,100
8, 781,366
2,618,048
10, 185,783
2, 403, 669
9, 438, 152
2,438,777
11,086.322
o All pound cases contain 48 1-pound cans; the J-pound cases contain 48 J-pound cans.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
21
The following table shows, by species, the average price received
by the packer per case of 1-pound tails for a series of years. The
1-pound tall cases are used because they form the vast majority of
the pack and are the ones in common use by the consumer, the flat
cans being packed for a special trade.
Average Annual Price per Case op 48 1-pound Tall Cans of Salmon, 1905-1910.
Products.
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
$3.20
$3.63
$3.91
$3.98
$4. 07
$4.89
2.69
2.87
2. 97
2. 53
2. 28
3.04
2. 95
3.00
3. 16
2.69
2.40
3. 15
3.28
3. 78
4. 18
4. 20
4. 32
5. 34
3.38
3. 77
4.59
4. 52
4.53
5.30
PICKLING.
Owing to the low prices which have prevailed during several
seasons for whole pickled salmon, there was but little incentive
for the salteries to engage in this business very heavily this year.
Some shut down altogether, while others very materially curtailed
operations. Prices improved during the latter part of the season,
but it was then too late.
The action of the Department in forbidding the packing of salmon
bellies without making some economic use of the backs contributed
to the depression in the pickled trade, as bellies were the most
remunerative product prepared. Nearly all of the salters are now
agreed, however, that this action was wise and necessary. Under
the old wasteful method from one-half to two-thirds of the edible
portion of the fish was thrown away and the belly only was pickled.
Persons engaged. — This year 261 persons (196 fishermen, 51 shores¬
men, and 14 transporters) were employed, a decrease of 135 as
compared with 1909.
Persons Engaged in the Salmon-Pickling Industry in 1910.
How engaged.
Southeast
Alaska.
Centrat
Alaska.
Western
Alaska.
Total.
Fishermen:
Whites .
29
3
46
78
13
105
118
Total .
42
108
46
196
Shoresmen:
Whites . . .
5
7
20
32
16
3
19
Total .
•21
10
20
51
Transporters:
Whites .
2
2
4
8
6
6
Total .
2
8
4
14
Grand total .
65
126
70
2 1
59395°— 11 - 20
22
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Investment. — There were 12 salteries (6 in southeast Alaska, 4 in
central Alaska, and 2 in western Alaska) in operation, a decrease of
4 as compared with 1909. In addition, a few of the canneries and
mild-curing plants also pickled their surplus catch, and while the
product has been included in the present table, the men and invest¬
ment could not be separated from the statistics of the other branches
of the industry.
Investment in the Salmon-Pickling Industry in 1910.
Items.
Southeast
Alaska.
Central
Alaska.
Western
Alaska.
Total.
No.
6
Value.
No.
4
Value.
No.
2
Value.
No.
12
Value.
Transporting vessels:
1
$2, 500
1
$12,000
1
$5, 000
3
$19,500
7
40
9
56
500
2,400
1,600
4,500
900
1
900
i
16
16
200
200
6,550
1
1,000
1, 160
1
4,500
7
12,050
16
'870
39
23
8, 700
78
10, 730
600
5
400
2
200
7
Apparatus:
2
350
22
2,230
24
2, 580
10
2,800
800
10
2,800
2,525
6
23
i, 725
29
8,200
15,300
5,925
11,250
9,500
35, 000
54, 450
51, S00
45, 092
27,000
16', 577
22, 590
Total .
45, 295
56,317
106, 115
207,727
Output. — The output in 1910 amounted to 14,405 barrels, valued at
$130,641, as compared with 26,915 barrels and 6,997 half barrels,
valued at $208,758, in 1909. A small part of this output is composed
of salmon bellies. A few of the backs were pickled and appear in
this table, while the rest were either dried, dry-salted, or smoked, and
appear under their proper headings in this report.
Barrels op Salmon Pickled in 1910, by Species.
Products.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
No.
35
Value.
$296
No.
125
Value.
$1,208
1,135
No.
Value.
No.
160
Value.
$1, 504
1,135
126
126
70
770
70
770
314
1,905
4, 410
13
78
3
$15
330
1,998
421
195
1,725
616
6,135
352
3.399
352
3. 399
2
24
2
24
6
128
6
128
2
20
1,485
12,278
10, 444
92, 351
11, 931
104, 649
4
60
4
60
3
• 24
805
10, 815
808
10,839
853
7, 577
2,749
27,239
10,803
95,825
14, 405
130, 641
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
23
MILD CURING.
At the opening of the present season the mild-curing industry
was in better condition than for several years previous, as the pack
of 1909 had been disposed of and prices for the new pack were ruling
fairly high. Owing to this the packers extended their operations as
much as possible, and as a result the pack this year is the largest ever
put up in Alaska.
With the exception of a small quantity put up in Cook Inlet,
central Alaska, the packing of mild-cured salmon was confined to
southeast Alaska, although it is more than probable that the packers
will soon extend their operations into western Alaska and parts of
central Alaska not now worked.
As in previous years the principal trouble the packers experience
is in getting rid of the white-meated king salmon with the least
possible loss. These fish average about one-fourth of the total
catch, and the fishermen insist that the dealers shall take them
along with the others, which they do at a considerably lower price.
A few of the larger of these white-meated kings are mild-cured.
Early in the season many of them, together with the small red-
meated fish, are shipped fresh to the Puget Sound ports, but after
the kings begin to run in the Sound this is unprofitable.
Persons engaged. — This year 656 persons (560 fishermen, 68 shores¬
men, and 28 transporters) were engaged in the mild-curing industry,
as compared with 521 in 1909, a gain of 135. A number of others
also were engaged for limited periods, but as their work in connection
with other branches of the salmon business was more important
they have been included there.
Persons Engaged in the Salmon Mild-Curing Industry in 1910.
Occupation and race.
Southeast
Alaska.
Central
Alaska.
Total.
Fishermen:
Whites .
354
10
364
196
196
550
10
560
Shoresmen:
65
65
3
3
68
68
Transporters:
15
15
13
13
Total .
28
28
Grand total .
646
10
656
24
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Investment. — There were 14 fixed plants (13 in southeast Alaska and
1 in central Alaska) — i. e., plants with permanent buildings and a chief
business of mild-curing salmon — operated in Alaska this year. A
considerable part of this industry is done by schooners and launches,
the crews of which catch the fish in small boats and pack them aboard
the vessels, moving from place to place with the schools of salmon.
Investment in the Salmon Mild-Curing Industry in 1910.
Items.
Southeast
Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Total.
No.
13
23
179
Value.
No.
1
Value.
No.
14
23
• 179
Value.
Transporting vessels:
$51,500
$51, 500
35,000
4,000
35,000
4,000
Sailing vessels. . . .
2
67
2
67
3,000
0 42,750
14,305
10, 100
26, 225
471
40, 920
86, 000
46,537
3,000
42, 750
15,365
10, 100
26,975
471
40,920
86,000
47,737
35
402
20
138
35
407
20
143
5
$1,000
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
5
750
Wages paid . i. .
1,200
Total .
360,868
2,950
303,818
a Includes outfit.
Catch., by apparatus and products. — All told, 164,520 red-meated and
22,525 white-meated king salmon were required in preparing the pack.
The greater part of these fish were caught with trolling lines. The
pack of 3,357 tierces, which sold for $220,673, is an increase of 1,065
tierces and $71,373 over 1909.
Catch of Salmon for mild-curing, 1910, by Apparatus and Species.
Apparatus and species.
Southeast
Alaska.
Central
Alaska.
Total.
Gill nets:
Number.
20,864
2,656
Number.
1,767
Number.
22,631
2,656
Total .
23,520
1,767
25,287
Lines:
Red king salmon .
141, 889
19,869
141,889
19, 869
161,758
161,758
Grand total .
185, 278
1,767
187,045
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
25
Products op the Salmon Mlld-Curing Industry in 1910.
Products.
Tierces.
Round
weight
of fish.
Dressed
weight
of fish.
Value.
Southeast Alaska:
Red king salmon .
White king salmon .
Total .
3,022
304
Pounds.
3,475,300
349, 600
Pounds.
2, 468, 198
246, 700
3209,826
8,615
3,326
3,824,900
2,714,898
218, 441
Central Alaska:
Red king salmon .
Total:
Red king salmon .
White king salmon . . .
Grand total .
31
35,650
24,800
2,232
3,053
304
3,510,950
349, 600
2,492,998
246, 700
212,058
8,615
3, 357
3,860,550
2,739,698
220, 673
FRESH SALMON.
As in previous years large quantities of king salmon (mainly
white-meated and small red-meated fish) were shipped fresh to Puget
Sound ports, where they brought very good prices up to the time
king salmon began to run in the Sound waters.
Shortly after the canning season opened certain fishermen with
headquarters at Petersburg and Wrangell became dissatisfied with
the prices offered by neighboring canneries, and failing to come to
an agreement began shipping their catches of red and coho salmon
fresh to Puget Sound ports, where they received fair prices.
MINOR PRESERVING PROCESSES.
Dry salting and drying. — At a few places in central Alaska the
bellies of red and coho salmon are cut out and pickled, after which
the backs are dried in the sun, and the resulting product, called
“ukalu,” used for fox food at the fox ranches and for dog food.
The dry salting of dog salmon for food has almost ceased, but
22,178 pounds, valued at $554, being prepared this year.
Smoking. — A delicious smoked product, known locally as “beleke,”
is put up at Kodiak and several other places, the backs of red, coho,
and humpback salmon being used. A considerable quantity of
white-meated king salmon, cut into steaks, was smoked in south¬
east Alaska this year.
Freezing. — The only establishments engaged in freezing salmon
are at Taku Harbor and Ketchikan, in southeast Alaska. Only a
small business is done in the freezing of salmon, halibut being the
principal product of these plants. Black bass, black cod, and steel-
head trout are among the miscellaneous products prepared.
26
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
RETURN OF MARKED SALMON.
A number of salmon bearing mutilations of certain fins, apparent
brands, or with missing fins, were observed during the summer, as
occurs every season. So far as these concern single fins they are
not to be referred to any known artificial marks placed upon fish as
a means of identification. Twelve of them, however, were red
salmon lacking both ventral fins and are identified as returns from
a definite marking experiment which has yielded annual results
since 1906. This continued return of marked red salmon to south¬
east Alaska is of particular interest. These fish were marked by
Mr. F. M. Chamberlain as fingerlings about three months old, in
August, 1903, at Fortmann hatchery, and liberated in Naha Stream
above Heckman Lake. The mark consisted of the complete exci¬
sion of both ventral fins. , The number of marked fish liberated
was 1,600. The returns which are considered to have been satisfac¬
torily identified are shown, by the year and locality, in the following
table:
Marked Salmon Identified Upon Return to Streams, 1906-1910.
Years.
Naha.
Yes
Bay.
Kar-
luk.
Total.
Age of
fish.
1906 .
2
2
Years.
31
4i
5J
61
71
1907 .
13
13
1908 .
5
3
8
4
1
5
1
10
1
12
21
17
2
40
One of the 10 fish credited to Yes Bay in 1910 was caught in the
bay by commercial fishermen and preserved by freezing at Ketchikan,
where it was examined by the assistant agent on July 23. It was a
male 20.5 inches in length and weighed 3f pounds. All the other
marked fish assigned to Yes Bay for any year were taken at the
Government hatchery at the head of Yes Lake.
These 40 fish are 2£ per cent of the 1,600 marked. The observed
return is certainly somewhat larger and possibly greatly surpasses
these figures. An indeterminate number, estimated at between 50
and 100, were reported to have been seen at Yes Lake hatchery in
1906, but of these no specimens were saved. No account has been
taken of these in the above table, since there is no basis for determin¬
ing how many of the presumed marks were certainly of the same
nature as those accepted as representing actual returns. Salmon
lacking a single ventral fin are frequently seen in the runs, and some
mutilations .of this pair of fins are to be distinguished from the results
of artificial marking. While the table shows but one marked fish
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
27
taken at Karluk in 1909, several were reported, the exact number
being unknown. The one of which account has been taken is based
upon examination of a preserved specimen. The few taken at Kar¬
luk are the only specimens known to have returned outside of south¬
east Alaska.
.The relation of the return to the parent stream and adjoining streams
of southeast Alaska, in which most of the marked fish were retaken,
is of importance. Excluding the uncertain return to Yes Bay in 1906,
over half the returning fish succeeded in reaching the parent stream,
and even with these Yes Bay fish included, a considerable proportion
still belongs to the parent stream, while by far the larger part of the
known return is confined to the region within 40 miles of the parent
stream. It is obviously indicated that red salmon return to the gen¬
eral region in which they were hatched, rather than to remote regions,
and that a considerable number reach the particular region of their
origin, or their parent stream.
The return from the original plant of marked fish has now covered
five successive seasons, indicating a variation of at least five years in
the life period of a single hatch of red salmon. The known return
had been diminishing in numbers since 1907 up to the current year,
when it considerably increased. This is a somewhat anomalous
result, and inconsistent with that gradual dwindling in numbers and
disappearance from the runs of fish bearing this mark which was
expected to occur. While the acceptance of these fish as conclu¬
sively indentical with the marked salmon of 1903 depends on the ces¬
sation of their occurrence within a reasonable time, there is at present
no sufficient reason for doubting that they are the same.
OBSERVATIONS IN WOOD RIVER REGION.
Mr. H. C. Fassett, inspector of fisheries in Alaska, represented the
Bureau in western Alaska, with headquarters on Nushagak Bay, and
had charge of the investigations in the Nushagak region. The order
closing both Wood and Nushagak Rivers was uniformly observed, and
without its restrictive effect a considerable proportion of the reduced
quota escaping to the spawning grounds through Wood River would
have been taken. Eight fish traps were operated on the bay and two
in Igusliik River, the latter yielding but few fish. The total take of
traps was about 596,000, of which about 29 per cent were red salmon.
These traps took 11.2 per cent of the whole catch of the Nushagak
region, and 3.9 per cent of the whole red salmon catch.
The following table shows the total Nushagak catch (including
85,000 red salmon from Igushik River) and its content as to the five
species of salmon. The red salmon catch is 83.5 per cent of the total
number of salmon taken.
28
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IK 1910.
Catch of Different Species of Salmon in Nushagak Region, 1910.
Species.
Catch.
Species.
Catch.
King .
86, 433
4, 427, 626
139,200
440, 369
206,220
Red-. .
Total .
5,299,848
COUNT OF THE BREEDING RUN IN WOOD RIVER.
The count of salmon escaping from the fishermen and ascending to
the spawning grounds by way of Wood River was again made as in
the two past years. The actual daily tally made at the rack at the
foot of Lake Aleknagik is as follows:
Daily Tally of Redfish into Lake Aleknagik during the Season of 1910.
Date.
Number.
Date.
Number.
Date.
N umber.
July 4 .
167
1,042
2, 717
12, 036
13, 131
72, 073
105,835
70,252
26, 772
24, 223
37, 612
125, 621
64,026
29, 964
31,628
13, 642
10, 928
10,000
4,881
3,618
2, 747
1,919
Julv 26 .
1,162
927
715
873
708
385
361
139
5 .
16 . . .
27 .
6 .
17 .
28 .
7 .
18 .
29 .
8 .
19 .
30 .
9 .
20 .
31 .
10 .
21 .
11 .
22 .
2 .
12 .
23 .
670, 104
13 .
24 .
14 .
25 .
The run came into Nushagak Bay about July 3. The rack at the
lake was completed and made tight on July 3, but no fish were seen
until the 4th. The tally of July 7 probably represents the advance
of the main run. As in the preceding year, there were two distinct
impulses in the run at the lake, the height of the run or largest tally
occurring on the 15th, or one day later than in the two preceding
seasons.
Record op Meteorological Observations at the Salmon Rack at Lake Aleknagik, Alaska, during Season of 1910.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910. 29
Record oe Meteorological Observations at the Salmon Rack at Lake Aleknagik, Alaska, during Season op 1910 — Continued.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910,
31
h §
£ £5ffl§0 o E-l ot>P
is4 paiPill^fe
; « s £5 pk^ (Sii
||55|55|sgg55llS^5Sggggs
; ;g ; i ig i i is i ; ;§ i i i§ i ! ii ! i is i i ig i i is i i is i i is i i is i i i;
MI'OiOO'CiOOiOOiflOiCOiOOiftOCONNOiOOiOCOO lOfOONNOiflOiOONC'INMOiCCiOOiOCiCNO
oojoiodoot-Pt^t^ to'd lOo^-sirfracipiPdodHHOod 03aiajodododr3ratd:d*d>d-^^'r:dMC'icl~^ddd
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiOiOSOiOS 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 0 05 0’. 050505
: — r|TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT :
|i||i4ili|ija||||jiliii4
jji
fc^oriadm
i „„„„ .
ja®.====“M."ji iEJll
H^aaasaaaaaas 1 —
i
£?P£-5-3-§P=>73>yJ
ww r ri*ipK~~
000-*^0000000> 00 000 = 00000000000
COOOO^CJN^HOOHMHCHHriOINHCOO
&8S88S3g88SgS288SS5888S&S;S2g
888888888888888888888888888
SggSSSgSSS^SSSSSSiggfeSSS
888888888888888888888888
I00»0 00000000000i0u3 00i0i00i0000i0»0
OCuOOiOiOOOiOOiOOOOCOOiOiOiCiOC'iOO
lO’I'W^OO^OOiOOiOOSNHOOOOOCCCOiCOONiOOONN
388S3888$S388S$S?8S8333
OOlNMNONO*OiOOOOMiOWOiOMOCOiOVtHHH
WHONNI'ONOOOWIOOO . CO ^ CO 0
SsgggSSSSSggSS :::::::: :33S3
ONNOSOONOOOU500MNWU5000NMN^CON
ggsgggsggggggs^gsgsgsggg
OCD03^CO^OOCOOOOOiO(NCOOC5iOOOOOOiO»(NOiOiOU5
lOMiflONOCOOOOCCNOOWH^NiCO^CO^^O
12 p. m..
6 a. m...
12 m .
G p. m...
12 p. m..
6a.m...
12 m .
6 p. m...
12 p. m..
6 a. m...
12m .
6 p. m...
12 p. m..
G a. m...
12 m .
6 p.m...
12 p. m..
Ga. m...
12 m .
G p. m...
12. p. m..
G a. m _
12 m .
G p. m...
12 p. m..
G a. m. . .
12 m .
6 p.m...
12 p. m..
G a. in. . .
12 m .
(i p. m...
12 p. in..
G a. m...
12 m _
6 p. m...
12 p. m..
G a. m . . .
12 m .
6p.m...
12 p. m..
6a.m...
12 m .
G p. m...
12 p. m..
6a.m...
12 m .
6p.m...
12 p. m..
6 a. m...
12 m .
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Record of Meteorological Observations at the Salmon Rack at Lake Aleknagik, Alaska, during Season of 1910 — Continued.
32
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
i
03
i
a>
«
Pleasant.
Unsettled.
Misty and raw.
Cloudy and cool.
Pleasant.
Cloudy and cool.
Overcast.
Pleasant.
Do.
Overcast.
Rainy.
Pleasant.
Do.
Do.
Unsettled.
Stormy.
Misty.
Pleasant.
Do.
Unsettled.
Stormy and cold.
Unsettled.
Stormy.
Unsettled.
Do.
Stormy.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Boisterous.
Moderating.
Unsettled.
Do.
Do.
Lake conditions.
Drift
(much,
little,
none).
iillHilflllillilSSiliUlIMil! !!
Current
at rack
(per min¬
ute).
„ i i'13 i i ;§ ! : ii : : i§ ! : iS i : is i i is i i i** i i
* ; : : •: : : : i i ; : i ; ; ; : ■ ; : : ; ; ; ; :
Depth at
’ rack-gate.
JiOOiOOOOiOMOiOOOC‘CCiOOOOiCOiOCiijMOWOOOtO«c2 • J
^00 00 GO CO 00 CO 00 CO 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 OC 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO oo oo ccP\ • •
Weather conditions.
Rainfall
(heavy,
moderate
light,
trace).
None...
None...
Mist...
None...
None...
None...
None...
None...
None...
None...
Light..
None...
None...
None...
None...
Light..
Mist ...
None...
None...
None...
Moderat
Light..
Heavy.
None...
None...
Light..
Heavy.
Light..
Light..
Trace..
None...
None...
Trace..
None...
Wind (force and direction).
ESE., light .
E., light .
E., light .
E.. light .
ESE., light .
E., light .
Calm .
S., light .
S., light .
S., light .
Calm .
Calm .
SW., light .
Calm .
Calm .
SSE., moderate .
Calm .
Calm .
ML, light .
SSE., light .
S., light .
Calm .
WSW., light .
Calm .
SSE., light .
NE., moderate .
SSE., moderate .
SSE., moderate .
SSE., moderate .
SSE., light .
Calm .
SW., light .
SW., light .
Calm .
Clouds
in sky
(amount
1 to 10).
O-'T'OTTr— iQOOCDC>OOC'1t— lO*OGOO<MOOOOOOOOOOOOOi CO O
Barom¬
eter
read¬
ing.
S3SS338S38333SS3:SS8aS:3S822S8Sa8SS
Temperatures.
Lake
at 6
feet
depth.
iOOOiOOOOOLQOOOOOOOiO«OO^OOLOOvOOLO»OGOOOO oo
Air.
■5 0
•B 3
sa
COODiOOOOcOWM^O>N«NO^COM^OOOOONOH(«ONOOO>OtO»0 OOO
Maxi¬
mum.
NOM^cDMOOHOlNMOCOOcOiOH^COCOOJOWN^'J'COHMO'fiO OW
At read¬
ing.
HO)0»0<N^MCOOOO^OCOOO^«^N5DOONU5HiOONWOiflfOO C^O
Hour.
6 p. m .
12 p. m _
6 a. m .
12 m .
6 p. m .
12 p. m -
tj a.m .
12 m .
6 p. m .
12 p. m -
6 a.m .
12 m .
6 p. m .
12 p.m _
6 a.m .
12m .
6 p.m .
12 p.m -
6 a.m .
12 m .
6 p.m .
12 p.m -
6 a.m .
12 m .
6 p.m .
12 p.m _
6 a. m .
12m .
6 p.m .
12 p.m _
6 a.m .
12 m .
6 p.m .
12 p.m _
Date.
July 26
27
28
29
30
31
Aug. 1
2
3
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
33
SIGNIFICANCE OF WOOD RIVER DATA.
The spawning run up Wood River again shows a loss in comparison
with the preceding season. The total was 670,000 in 1910, as against
893,000 in 1909. The commercial catch of Nushagak Bay also fell off,
being 4,400,000 in 1910 as against 4,900,000 in 1909. The Wood
River run in 1910 was 75 per cent of the 1909 run; the Nushagak Bay
catch in 1910 was 89.8 per cent of the 1909 catch. Thus in each of
these years the Wood River spawning run has declined much more
rapidly than the catch in the bay has declined. The following table
shows the numerical results in round numbers for the three years of
Wood River investigations. The last column gives the sum of the
bay catch and the Wood River run, this total constituting far the
greater part of the whole run into Nushagak Bay.
Spawning Run in Wood River, 1908, 1909, and 1910.
Years.
Nushagak
Bay catch.
Wood River
tally.
Total.
1908 .
6,400,000
4,900, 000
4,400,000
2,600,000
893,000
670.000
9,000,000
5,793,000
5,070,000
1909 .
1910 .
The commercial catch for the whole bay has fallen off since 1908 by
two annual losses of 14 millions and t million, respectively. The
corresponding loss to the Wood River tally was in 1909 numerically
even greater than the loss on the catch, while in both 1909 and 1910
the percentage loss in Wood River was greater than on the catch.
According to observations in the river and the head of the bay, and
the reports of the packers, the run up the main river was unusually
large this season, evidently greater than the Wood River run. By
taking the latter as a minimum and twice the number as a maximum
for the main river run, and estimating otherwise on the same basis
as in previous seasons, about 6,400,000 is obtained as the estimated
run for the whole bay in 1910, which in view of the maximum error
probable may be accepted as within one-lialf million of the actual
run. Of this estimate over 79 per cent, or more than 5 million fish,
are fish actually counted in Wood River by the observers and in
Nushagak by the commercial fishermen.
The total escape to the spawning grounds for the whole Nushagak
region during the current season lies between 25 per cent and 36 per
cent of the total run, with 31 per cent probable. In other words, the
industry took between 64 per cent and 75 per cent of the whole run,
and probably took about 69 per cent.
As bearing on the rate of increase the figures for the season corrob¬
orate broadly the conclusions reached the year previously and tend
34
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
to narrow the limits between which this rate is indicated to lie.
From such a slender basis of facts as are available, a rate of increase
of from 200 per cent to 250 per cent is to be inferred if there is neither
under nor overfishing. If these figures are too high the Nushagak
industry is overfishing. If they are too low, fish are being use¬
lessly wasted to the spawning grounds. The latter of these alter¬
natives would hardly be maintained by anyone, and can hardly hold
over a course of years, yet it may possibly be true of an occasional
season, such as that of 1908.
Value of a census of salmon runs. — If the establishment of the
increment percentage, rate of increase, or measure of the tendency of
red salmon to multiply by their own natural and unaided reproduc¬
tive powers is of any importance to the fisheries, then the Wood River
investigations or their counterpart ought to be continued and made to
include a complete salmon catchment basin, the larger and more
isolated the better. It can hardly be maintained that the factors of
temperature, wind, chance, etc., affect so erratically the movements
of the great schools that the annual run to a given basin is little or not
at all related to the preceding spawning runs which escaped capture
therein. Salmon of course do not all return to the region where they
were hatched. Some go elsewhere and a continuous flux or ebb and
flow of interchange results.
But the number of the spawners inevitably measures the reproduc¬
tivity. If this number could be ascertained for all Alaska, it would
soon be known how prolific the salmon are. Since this is impossible
it remains to make the determination on as large a section of the
spawning grounds as can be handled. A somewhat longer time is
required in order that the annual variations affecting the particular
fragment of the fishery under observation shall reach an average
making it representative of the whole. It matters little whether the
adult salmon return to their parent waters, or wdiether they inter¬
change freely, even to the extent of none returning to their birth¬
places. The essential point is to determine how large are the runs
which succeed year after year to a series of known spawning escapes.
As a matter of fact, there is much difference of opinion among
fishermen respecting the controlling effect of winds on the movements
of salmon. In Bering Sea few days pass without strong blows, and
it is easy to relate the suddenly arriving salmon run to some par¬
ticular wind, just as the so-called equinoctial storm is supposed to
have some essential connection with the autumnal equinox. But
whatever resultant physical influences have, they do not prevent an
unfailing annual rush of hordes of red salmon into Nushagak Bay,
their advent predictable almost to the day and their numbers expected
with perfect certainty to be measured in millions. During the count¬
less years in which this has occurred before the commercial fishery
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
35
existed the uniformity was presumably greater than at present. The
variations in size of the run known to have occurred since man dis¬
turbed the balance of nature in these fisheries are reasonably due mainly
to the exigencies of the commercial industry, which has been unable
to make any correlation between its take and the quota necessary
for spawning. Even with these variations, no such thing as a failure
in the run is known to history or tradition. Even at the lowest ebbs
of the commercial fishery the salmon had still to be counted by
millions. As fisheries go, the Nusliagak region and most of the
Bristol Bay streams are constant and perennial sources of salmon.
That the determination of the rate of increase of red salmon, or
the limits within which it varies, is a matter of high importance is
self-evident. Of course a high rate has already been implied by the
great productivity of salmon fisheries and their failure in Alaska to
deplete rapidly under enormous drains. Presumably it has been
known to many that the fishermen have been, in many fisheries,
taking almost every year more than half the run. The lesser portion
must therefore have reproduced the whole run, which placed the
annual increment at over 100 per cent. Just how small this escap¬
ing portion may be and .still reproduce a maximum run has been
and is yet the vital and crucial question. But three long steps
in answer have been taken by the three years of Wood River investi¬
gations.
There is no other way to obtain this increment percentage than
by continued counting of the breeders, which, with the commercial
catch, amounts to a census of the run. The three annual counts
already made in Wood River, coupled with general knowledge of
the other rivers of the bay, already show roughly what proportion
of the Nusliagak Bay run has reached the spawning grounds in these
years, and since the Bering Sea fisheries are not rapidly declining
this is probably not much below the proportion which should reach
the spawning grounds.
This showing is definite enough to be safely used in a practical
way as a basis for dividing the whole run into a commercial and a
breeding quota. At the beginning the tentative figures might be
70 per cent for the former and 30 per cent for the latter. Seventy
per cent is not far from representing the proportion of the run the
industry has been taking from Nusliagak Bay in each of the past
two years. By the use of racks in the rivers the run could be divided
as it came into alternate daily portions, one to escape, the other for
the packers. Thus a definite proportion of the run would be insured
to the spawning grounds, and the actual number of fish of which it
consisted would be known. Even if a considerable inaccuracy
existed in the tentative fixing of 30 per cent for the breeding quota,
no injury would result, for the annual counts would constantly
36
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN' 1910.
correct the figures. It is only necessary to begin such a system of
catching and releasing at proportions just to the industry and reason¬
ably safe for the fisheries. It may be assumed for this purpose that
a 30 per cent escape will approximately maintain the Nushagak
fisheries. This implies a rate of increase of 233 per cent, which
means that for ‘three salmon which reach the spawning grounds,
spawn, and die, ten adult salmon return during the next few years,
and that if no more than seven of these are taken by the fishermen
the process can continue indefinitely.
The Pacific salmon, and particularly the red salmon, alone among
commercial fishes, are surprisingly adapted to the control of man
for the purpose of perpetuation and exploitation as a commercial
asset. They leave the sea regularly at a certain season and make
their way en masse to the narrow channels of the fresh and more
or less clear waters, where they may be confined, held, captured, or
counted and released to the spawning grounds without injury — all
with comparative ease and convenience. Spawning is definitely
confined to the single season of sexual maturity and is soon followed
b}r the death of the adult, so that breeding salmon never themselves
become a part of subsequent runs. These facts make it possible
not only to measure their reproductive power, but to put into effect
a system of fishing whereby from a minimum reservation of breeding
salmon the fishery may be maintained perpetually at a maximum.
At the same time the industry may obtain its fish for packing easily
and cheaply. The pack may be made in a perfectly fresh condition.
The canneries can operate uniformly throughout the season, instead
of with the present alternations of scarcity and abundance. Runs
of more uniform size would finally succeed upon a more uniform
release of breeders, and would therefore be more accurately
predictable.
There is a certain quantity of seed represented by spawning
salmon, a more or less definite fraction of the whole run, varying
within presumably narrow limits, which nicely produces without
waste from the spawning fields and the feeding grounds of the seas
a maximum crop of fish. Any greater quantity is an excess, being
a total waste of nonproductive seed, while any lesser quantity is a
more serious loss, the waste of a multiplied return from potential
seed which should have been used as such. No system of fishing
can possibly make this measured sowing of the spawning grounds
without actually counting the whole run. This the present system
does not do. It counts the catch alone, and therefore it almost
always wastes fish, either as nonproductive breeders or as the
multiplied (by about 2J) return from fish which should have been
allowed to breed. The tendency is toward the latter or greater
loss. Only occasionally and by chance will both forms of waste be
avoided.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
37
These opportunities which the peculiar specialized habits of the
red salmon afford for perpetually exploiting them commercially
without depleting their abundance should be utilized. The packing
industry would greatly profit in the end and the Alaska fisheries
would enhance in value as a national asset. At present the law
does not provide power to establish such a system of fishing, but
it would permit a trial in a suitable region by mutual agreement
between the packers concerned and Federal authority.
EXPLORATIONS OF LAKE ALEKNAGIK.
During the summers of 1908 and 1909 every stream tributary to
Lake Aleknagik, which gives rise to Wood River, was examined by
the agent. During the current summer Mr. W. T. Bower, of the
Division of Fish Culture of the Bureau, spent the period from July 17
to July 27 in explorations of the lake and streams. By means of
these observations the streams have been thoroughly prospected
with reference to spawning salmon and hatchery possibilities. Two
suitable and feasible hatchery sites have been selected, and on either
a properly equipped expedition, arriving as soon as navigation
opened, could erect a hatchery in time to obtain a portion at least
of the same season’s spawn.
Such a hatchery could be located on the lake shore and be accessible
directly from tidewater for light-draft boats. No single stream of
the lake would afford eggs enough to fill a large hatchery, and col¬
lections would have to be made over the whole lake in some seasons.
There is, however, no more suitable location in the Bristol Bay
region for accessibility and proximity to large spawning grounds.
The second lake could be drawn upon for eggs if necessary. There
is no hatchery in western Alaska, a region which furnishes some 63
per cent of the total pack of Alaska red.
THE COD FISHERY.
All but one of the firms and individuals [John H. Nelson, of
Squaw Harbor] operating in the district for cod exclusively
have their headquarters at San Francisco, Cal., or Seattle, Ana-
cortes, or Tacoma, Wash., at which places, or in their immediate
vicinity, the cured fish are received and prepared for marketing.
About half of the operators have shore stations located at favorable
places in central Alaska, on the Shumagin and Sannak Islands, and
Unimak Island. From thence the dory fishermen carry on their
operations, bringing in their catch daily, and when they have accu¬
mulated enough to form a cargo a vessel is dispatched from the home
port or else a fishing vessel completes its fare from the station
catch and carries the fish to the curing establishments in the States.
59395°— 11 - 21
38
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
The industry has suffered severely in the past from the spreading
broadcast of exaggerated ideas as to its possible profits. As a result
of this persons totally unfamiliar with the work have engaged in it,
and instead of building up a trade by the preparation of a good
product at a living price have prepared goods in a slipshod manner
and then disposed of them by cutting below the prices of more
reputable dealers.
When the present season opened the trade was in a demoralized
condition, owing to excessive cutting of prices. During the summer
certain changes in ownership took place. A new company, the
Western Codfish Co., took over the plants, vessels, etc., of King &
Winge Co. and the Seattle-Alaska Fish Co. The Union Fish Co.,
of San Francisco, bought and had delivered to it the catches of the
vessels owned and operated this }^ear by the Robinson Fisheries Co.,
of Anacortes, Wash., and the Blom Codfish Co., of Tacoma, Wash.
Through this centralizing of the industry, price cutting was elimi¬
nated, temporarily at least, and when this report closed the market
was in excellent condition. A considerable surplus is on hand, but the
dealers are content to hold this for their own price, which, owing to
the shortage of cod on the Atlantic coast, they are reasonably sure of
getting.
Mr. J. A. Matheson, of Anacortes, Wash., has incorporated his plant,
and it is now known as the Matheson Fisheries Co. The Pacific States
Trading Co., of San Francisco, which did not operate this year, will
probably resume operations in 1911.
The winter of 1909-10 was severe, and the cod fishermen were very
much hampered as a result. Up to June 1 heavy winds prevailed,
and after that, while winds were light, heavy fogs were frequent.
Owing to the severe weather practically no fish were caught in Dublin
Bay.
On March 28 the codfish schooner Stanley, owned by the Union Fish
Co., of San Francisco, Cal., when approaching Pavlof Harbor, on San-
nak Islands, in central Alaska, grounded on a reef and immediately
began to go to pieces. In the heavy seas continually breaking over
her one man was washed overboard and drowned and three men,
including the master, died from exposure before rescuing parties from
the shore could reach the ship. The rest of the crew, five men, were
saved. The vessel was carrying supplies to the company’s shore sta¬
tions in Alaska, and her loss seriously hampered the operation of
these for several months.
SHORE STATIONS.
During 1910 the following shore stations were operated: Alaska
Codfish Co.: Unga, Baralof (Squaw Harbor), and Kelleys Rock (Win¬
chester), on Unga Island; and Companys Harbor and Moffats Cove,
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910,
39
on Sannak Island. John H. Nelson: Squaw Harbor, Unga Island.
Union Fish Co. : Pirate Cove, Popof Island; Northwest Plarbor, Little
Koniuji Island; Pavlof Harbor and Johnson Harbor, on Sannak
Island; Sanborn Harbor, on Nagai Island; and Unga, on Unga Island.
Several which were shut down this year will be operated in 1911.
STATISTICS FOR CENTRAL ALASKA.
During the year 197 fishermen, 22 shoresmen, and 37 transporters
were employed. The total investment amounted to $162,655. The
catch amounted to 3,019,023 pounds of fish as taken from the water.
When cured this weighed 2,269,914 pounds and sold for $63,443, a
very large decrease from 1909.
Persons Engaged in the Central Alaska Cod Fisheries in 1910.
Occupation and race.
Number:.
Fishermen (shore fisheries):
197
Shoresmen:
18
3
1
22
Transporters:
37
256
Investment in the Central Alaska Cod Fisheries in 1910.
Items.
Number.
Value.
Items.
Number.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
197
$5, 950
1,205
3
S28, 000
78
45^ 000
3,500
37, 500
Stations, with accessory prop-
2
39,500
235
2,000
Total .
162, G55
Products of the Central Alaska Cod Fisheries in 1910.
Products.
Round
weight.
Dressed
weight.
Value.
Pounds.
16, 000
2,877,157
125, 8G0
Pounds.
14, 000
2,157,914
94, 400
3,600
$560
59, 433
3,320
130
3,019,023
2,269,914
63,443
40
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
VESSEL FISHING.
The following fleet ° of 1 1 vessels, with headquarters in California
and Washington, operated in Alaskan waters this year, several of
them spending the winter of 1909-10 in the north.
Cod-Fishing Fleet in Alaskan Waters, Winter of 1909-10.
Name.
Class.
Net ton¬
nage.
Owner.
Fanny Dutard .
252
220
235
171
233
138
376
370
253
328
253
Matheson Fisheries Co., Anacortes, Wash.
Robinson Fisheries Co., Anacortes, Wash.
Do.
Seattle- Alaska Fish Co., Seattle, Wash.
King & Winge Codfish Co., Seattle, Wash.
Blom Codfish Co., Tacoma, Wash.
Alaska Codfish Co., San Francisco, Cal.
Do.
Do.
Union Fish Co., San Francisco, Cal.
Do.
Alice ’ .
Maid of Orleans .
Vega .
Barken tine....
John D. Spreckles .
Fremont..'. .
a Lost at sea.
The vessels from Washington operating in Alaskan waters caught
911,500 fish, with a cured weight of 3,563,000 pounds, which sold
for $97,983, while those from California caught 498,399 fish, with a
cured weight of 1,992,000 pounds, valued at $54,780.
THE HALIBUT FISHERY.
FISHING GROUNDS.
The fishery for this very choice food fish occupies second place in
the commercial fisheries of Alaska. At present the industry is
practically restricted to southeast Alaska, the few fish taken in cen¬
tral Alaska being consumed in the towns in that section. This is
due almost wholly to the fact that the present steamship facilities
to this section of Alaska are inadequate for the handling of this
species as expeditiously as is required. Halibut are reported from
various places in Cook Inlet, from all along the Alaska Peninsula
and the adjacent islands, and in Prince William Sound.
In western Alaska the fish is reported from a number of places,
the natives usually catching and using it for food. The natives of
the Pribilof Islands, when fishing off the islands, catch numbers of
halibut and these are usually very choice specimens.
In southeast Alaska halibut appear to be most abundant in the
numerous sounds and straits during the winter months. Icy, Chat¬
ham, Peril, and Sumner Straits, and Frederick Sound are the chief
centers of abundance. The best grounds are to be found in Fred¬
erick Sound, especially around the Five Finger Islands. Good
banks are to be found scattered all over Icy Straits. The waters of
• None of the data relating to this fleet appear in the statistical tables.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
41
Chatham Strait are too deep for general fishing, but off Point Gardi¬
ner and at several spots off Baranof Island, are to be found good
fishing banks, while Kootznahoo Inlet, on Admiralty Island, yields
good fishing in summer. In Sumner Strait are to be found very
good deep-water winter fishing grounds. During the winter of 1909-10
some of the fishermen fished here in water as deep as 250 fathoms.
The vicinity of the Eye Opener is the best ground to be found in the
strait. Indians fish considerably in Boca de Quadra and the vicinity
of Kali Shakes Cove, Mary’s Island, and the mouths of Kasaan Bay
and Cholmondeley Sound. In Stephens Passage considerable fish¬
ing is done in and just off the mouth of Seymour Canal. Most of the
fishing in the protected waters of southeast Alaska has heretofore
been done in winter, as the fish were then most abundant and the
prices realized were better than in summer when the Puget Sound
fleet operates on the Flattery Banks, off the Washington coast, and
brings the fish in in such abundance that the Alaska-caught fish,
which have to be shipped on the steamers plying between Seattle
and southeast Alaska ports, at considerable expense, can not com¬
pete. This summer, however, the New England Fish Co. bought
and froze all halibut brought to its Ketchikan plant and as a result a
number of fishermen continued halibut fishing throughout the year.
For many years the Puget Sound steamers and large power vessels
fished in Hecate Strait and off the chain of islands lying outside the
British Columbia mainland. During the last few years these banks
have been growing less and less productive, and as the Canadian
fishery protection boats have very much harassed our fishermen who
were operating in these waters, or who were driven into its harbors
by stress of weather or for wood and water, they have been gradually
extending their operations northward into Alaska waters, where they
would be free from molestation. It has been known for some years
that halibut were abundant at certain regions in the ocean off
the outer fringe of islands in southeast Alaska, more particularly off
Baranof Island and the mainland between Cape Spencer and Yaku-
tat Bay, and it was surmised that other and possibly more ex¬
tensive banks would be found if looked for. During the winter
of 1909-10 several of the vessels prospected the open waters between
Cape Muzon and Sitka, with the result that halibut were found in
great abundance throughout the greater part of this area. Off
Forrester Island seemed to be the center of greatest abundance.
Here an average depth of 80 fathoms is found for about 4 miles from
shore; a little farther out it deepens to 150 fathoms. The first few
cargoes from here averaged 15 pounds to the fish, but the average
soon dropped to 14 pounds. One steamer early in July caught about
250,000 pounds of halibut on the Forrester Island banks during one
trip.
42
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Halibut frequent the sandy banks on which coral and a small
shellfish known to the fishermen as “sea cocks” abound. The
latter is sought by the halibut as a choice morsel of food. The fish
is a very voracious and promiscuous feeder. The stomach of one
opened at the Ketchikan plant of the New England Fish Co. con¬
tained an octopus, a crab, a salmon, and a dogfish. Sand launce and
fish eggs of a large size appear to be its favorite food at certain seasons.
One dealer reports finding a 6-inch section of a tree branch in the
stomach of one. The fishermen say that frequently when pulling
up a hooked halibut, other halibut will follow the hooked one to the
surface, biting at its tail and body.
A few female halibut with roe reach the dealers, but the fish are
usually dressed on the banks, and the roe, when present, is thrown
away. Several fish with roe were received by the New England Co.
in August and September.
METHODS AND CONDITIONS.
Within the protected area in summer the fish are scattered con¬
siderably, but during the winter they school on banks in the waters
noted above. During this season the greater part of the year’s
catch is made by the smaller vessels, which are unable to stand the
rough weather usually encountered on the banks in the open ocean.
Dealers located at Hoonah, Juneau, Douglas, Scow Bay, Peters¬
burg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan handle the fish from the fishing boats.
Scow Bay, which is on Wrangell Narrows, about 5 miles from its
head, is the principal shipping point. Here are moored several large
house scows, floats, and barges, alongside of which the fishing boats
tie up and deliver their catch, to be boxed in ice for shipment and put
aboard the regular steamers for Seattle, which pass through the
narrows every few days. The fish are cleaned and packed in ice in
bins aboard the vessel on the banks. The fishermen furnish their
own ice, which is frequently secured from icebergs which have broken
off from nearby glaciers and are floating around in the bays, sounds,
and straits. The dealer furnishes the shooks for making the boxes,
which hold about 500 pounds. Where glacier ice is not available
the fishermen buy from the artificial ice plants, paying from S3 to S5
per ton.
A few years ago halibut weighing over 50 pounds were usually
fletched aboard the vessel, but the demand for fletched halibut is so
small, and the price realized is so inadequate to the work involved,
that but few are now prepared in this manner, and these usually on
shore. In fletching the sides are taken off in two complete pieces,
which are then put into bins and buried in salt so that the brine will
run off. It usually requires about three weeks for the fish to strike
properly. Half-ground California salt is used in curing.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
43
In shipping fresh, the best fish are from 25 to 30 pounds in weight.
A 1 D-pound fish is quite a small one. Those smaller are known as
“chickens.” Mosi of the Alaska halibut are of good grade. But
few logy halibut are found; that is, with watery flesh which clings
to the knife when cut and does not have the blue tint of the first-class
fish.
Sometimes the dealer makes a contract with a vessel owner at a
certain fixed figure, but when the fish are received on consignment
the commission charged is generally 5 per cent. The dealers usually
purchase outright, at the current rates, the fish landed by the small
boats.
Large halibut are occasionally taken, one being delivered at Juneau
in 1904 which weighed 365 pounds. According to the fishermen the
females appear to have well developed eggs at any season of the year.
Shooks for making a halibut box cost from 65 to 70 cents for each
box, depending upon the quantity ordered. The only other expense •
is for nails and the labor required in making the box. The fisher¬
men deliver the halibut at the scows in an eviscerated condition
When being packed for shipment the head is removed and the fish
thrown into the box with the tail toward the middle. Under
ordinary conditions 1 ton of ice is required for 6 tons of fish, which
is quite reasonable when it is taken into consideration that the fish
must be carried a distance of over 700 miles by steamer. The
freight rate to Seattle varies from $7 to $7.50 per cubic ton, depend¬
ing upon the distance of the shipping point from Seattle. Foi
shipments of less than 6 boxes the rate is somewhat higher.’ In
addition wharfage has to be paid in Alaska (usually about $1 per ton)
and in Seattle (40 cents per ton). Six boxes of fish are considered
to weigh 24 tons.
The greater portion of the Pacific coast halibut is shipped to
points east of the Mississippi River, Chicago, New York, and Boston
being the principal distributing centers. The demand from the
Pacific coast and adjacent States, however, is showing a healthy
growth, and will eventually absorb the greater part of the catch.
Heretofore the vessels of the New England Fish Co. have operated
from the company’s plant in Vancouver, British Columbia, the fish
landed from the vessels with American register having been shipped
through to places in the United States in bond, free of duty. Since
the establishment of the company’s station at Ketchikan these
steamers have virtually made this place their headquarters and
have been so credited in this year’s report.
On December 29, 1909 (too late to be included in the report for
that year), as the gasoline schooner CapeTla was being towed from
Wrangell to Petersburg by the gasoline boat Neptune, the latter
broke down and both vessels drifted onto the northeast shore of
44 FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Variks Island. The Capella became a total wreck, and her master
and a sailor lost their lives from exposure and exhaustion after
reaching land.
On November 13 the gasoline schooner Sea Light, of Ketchikan,
while on a halibut fishing cruise, was wrecked at Larch Bay, near
Cape Ommaney, in southeast Alaska, during a severe gale. After
suffering much hardship the crew of 8 men managed to reach safety
in their dories. Later the vessel was found on the beach by another
fishing vessel which worked her off and towed her into Petersburg.
STATISTICS.
During the year 1910 there were 829 persons employed in all
branches of the halibut industry. The number of steamers and
launches increased enormously over 1909, because of the highly
remunerative prices realized for halibut the previous year. The catch
* as reported in 1910 amounted to 21,579,289 pounds, valued at
$S0S,010, as compared with 5,189,924 pounds, valued at $195,529
in 1909. Part of this great increase in showing is due to the chang¬
ing of the headquarters of the New England Co.’s fleet of steamers
from Vancouver, British Columbia, to Ketchikan, thus bringing
them within the scope of this report.
Persons Engaged in the Southeast Alaska Halibut Fisheries in 1910.
Occupation and race.
Number.
Occupation and race.
Number.
Fishermen:
Shoresmen:
Vessel fisheries —
Whites .
29
343
2
34
377
Total .
31
Transporters:
Shore fisheries —
Whites .
1
240
180
Grand total .
829
Total .
420
Investment in the Southeast Alaska Halibut Fisheries in 1910.
Items.
Number.
Value.
Items.
Number.
Value.
Fish in? vessels:
Scows .
5
$7,600
Steamers and launches. . . .
66
$468,800
Apparatus:
842
Vessel fisheries, trawl
165,049
22,080
3
3,800
Shore fisheries, trawl
35
15,S70
875
Cash capital .
52,5-00
Packing barges .
1
15,000
Shore and accessory property.
252,200
1M
a 253 , 330
1,258,004
Boats, sail and row .
20
600
a Outfit included.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
45
Products of the Southeast Alaska Halibut Fisheries in 1910.
Products.
Round
weights.
Dressed
weights.
Value.
Vessel catch:
Pounds.
18,251,519
2,343,644
66,560
Pounds.
14,601,215
1,876,915
49,920
$702,245
69,871
2,259
20,661,723
16,528,050
774,375
Shore catch:
7S6.482
123, 4S1
7,333
270
645, 186
98,785
5,500
200
29,669
3,677
275
14
917,566
749,671
33,635
21,579,289
17,277,721
808,010
In Central Alaska 51,000 pounds, valued at $2,040, was marketed
in addition to above.
PUGET SOUND FISHING FLEET.
A fleet of Puget Sound power vessels visits southeast Alaska during
the months from October to March, when, owing to stormy weather
and a scarcity of fish, it is not safe nor profitable to visit the banks
near the home ports. This fleet makes its headquarters mainly at »
Petersburg, at the head of Wrangell Narrows, shipping the catch home
from Scow Bay, near by, via the regular steamship lines. A few
rendezvous at Ketchikan and Juneau. This fleet was composed of
60 vessels, valued at $782,230, employed 1,800 men, and used trawls
valued at $70,850. As a result of its operations in Alaska the fleet
(with the exception of the steamers) caught and shipped 3,531,644
dressed pounds (the round weight of this catch or the weight of the
fishes taken from the water was approximately 4,414,555 pounds),
valued at $158,260. The steamers carry their own catches to the
Sound ports and these have not been included in the above amount.
During the summer months most of this fleet fishes on the Flattery
Banks off the State of Washington, or else off the British Columbia
coast.
THE HERRING FISHERY.
ABUNDANCE OF FISH.
At times herring are quite abundant along the coasts of southeast,
central, and western Alaska. At Captains Harbor, on Unalaska
Island, they appear twice each year, in July and September. Resi¬
dents of Port Heiden, in Bering Sea, report that large schools visit
that bay in the spring and fall, and there is said to be a large annual
run at Atka Island. Herring are quite abundant in Port Clarence
also, and some fishermen located at Grantley Harbor, near the head of
46
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
this bay, have been salting on a small scale during the past three or
four years and selling the fish at Nome and the various settlements
in that section of Alaska. The schools generally visit Cook Inlet, in
central Alaska, from July to October, and these fish are the largest
and finest found in Alaskan waters. In southeast Alaska herring
are found in varying abundance in almost every bay, strait, and sound.
According to the best information obtainable, the herring in south¬
east Alaska begin to spawn during April or May and continue in some
localities as late as July 1. Immediately after spawning the fish
school in great abundance out in deep water, especially in Frederick
Sound and the southern end of Stephens Passage, and then reenter
the ba3^s for the purpose of feeding. During July and August they
are filled with red feed (certain species of small crustaceans) which
makes them very difficult to cure. In September and October
apparently they change their food, for the red feed is not then notice¬
able in their stomachs, and at this time they are in their prime. The
runs are usually composed of mixed sizes, although in early summer
there are said to be numerous bays where all the herring will be of
small size. In western Alaska, according to Nelson, the herring
spawn in the neighborhood of St. Michael in June.
At this time these fish form a continuous line along the beach, passing from south
to north in unbroken succession, spawning on the seaweeds and rocks from above
low-tide mark to a fathom below it. They enter all the inner bays and swarm about
every reef and rocky point. The water boils with them along shore as they struggle
about in a dense mass among the short seaweed in spawning, and they can be easily
caught in one’s hands. The females move slowly among the weeds, and press in the
midst of them, depositing their eggs, which adhere to whatever they come in contact
with, by means of a gummy secretion with which they are coated. Thrusting my
hand under water for a half minute was sufficient for it to be covered with eggs.°
In southeast Alaska during the spawning season, the natives place
spruce boughs in the water, and after the eggs have adhered, remove
the boughs and dry the eggs in the sun, using them later as food. In
this way many thousands of eggs are destroyed each season. This
practice should be prohibited by law.
USES FOR FOOD AND BAIT.
Unfortunately, but little commercial use is made of herring as a
food fish in central, western, and arctic Alaska. In 1907 a herring
saltery was established on Simeonof Island, one of the Shumagin
group, in central Alaska. Owing to the low prices realized for the
prepared product, and the high cost of transportation, the plant was
closed down in 1908 and 1909, but it was reopened this year. A small
quantity is marketed fresh, but the great bulk of the catch is made
by the Indians, who consume the fish, either fresh or after being dried.
a Report upon Natural nistory Collections made in Alaska between the years 1877 and 1881, by Edward
W. Nelson, p. 320-21 (18871.
FISHEKIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
47
In southeast Alaska the fishery has attained to considerable promi¬
nence. Here herring are sold fresh and salted for food; but the prin¬
cipal use is as bait in the halibut and king salmon fisheries and as fer¬
tilizer and oil. In baiting, fresh herring are used whenever possible;
but when the fisherman has to hold them for a few days the herring
are usually dumped round into a barrel with enough salt to preserve
them until needed. There is also a demand from the States for the
larger herring for smoking purposes, and each season a few dressed
and rolled in salt are packed in halibut boxes holding about 500
pounds, and shipped.
Several inquiries were received this year from Seattle and San Fran¬
cisco brokers and commission men in regard to supplying salted her¬
ring for the China trade, and it is to be hoped that some business in
this line will eventuate.
Each season there are many complaints from the halibut fisher¬
men as to the scarcity of herring and the heavy loss sustained through
the boats being tied up for days at a time owing to the lack of bait.
The question of a constant and abundant supply of bait is, in fact, the
most serious problem confronting the halibut fishermen. During the
summer months halibut fishing is carried on in a desultory manner;
but about the middle of September the fleet from Puget Sound arrives,
and tins, joined with the local fleets, soon causes a tremendous demand
for herring, winch is the only bait used in the fishery to any extent.
The matter is still further complicated by the erratic behavior of the
herring itself, winch may appear in countless numbers in a certain bay
one year, while the next year there may not be one.
The most feasible method for overcoming this handicap would be
by the establishment of small freezers at Wrangell, Scow Bay or
Petersburg,’ Juneau, and Hoonah, where herring could be received
from the fishermen during the summer and early fall, when most
abundant, and frozen and stored away until needed in the late fall
and winter. The New England Fish Co., at its Ketchikan plant,
freezes a large quantity of herring each year, which it supplies to its
own steamers and to the smaller vessels which deliver their catches
of halibut at its plant.
THE FERTILIZER QUESTION.
The use of herring in the manufacture of fertilizer and oil as con¬
flicting with its use by man directly as a food and bait fish, and indi¬
rectly through the dependence of the valuable king salmon fishery
upon it as food material, gives rise to a somewhat puzzling quesfion
of right and administrative policy. The present fisheries law does
48
FISHEBIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
not prohibit such use of food fishes, and there is now one plant—
that of the Alaska Oil & Guano Co., at Killisnoo, in southeast Alaska — •
engaged in the industry. This year this plant caught 59,000 barrels
of herring, with an aggregate weight, roughly, of 11,800,000 pounds.
Of these all but 130 barrels, which were pickled for use as bait, were
converted into fertilizer and oil.
It is easy to conceive of commercial uses to which fishes are put
which take precedence over other uses with respect to public advan¬
tage. Thus the manufacture of fertilizer and oil from fishes is a
lower use, inferior to the business of preparing food products from
fishes, or even to their use as bait for food fishes. Thus the men¬
haden ranks lower than the herring. Such a view in part grows out
of the fact that these fertilizer and oil products, quite legitimate in
themselves, do not depend entirely on fishes for their raw material.
Furthermore even fish fertilizer and fish oil do not depend upon the
herring, for various nonedible fishes, as the menhaden, are available.
The general view of a higher use denoted by the appropriation of
fishes for human food has widely obtained and is evidenced by various
legislation prohibiting the lower use where it has conflicted with the
higher. The dependence of a highly prized food fish and a correspond¬
ingly valuable fishery upon another fish as food for the former, as in
the case of the king salmon upon the herring, may be classed with
the higher uses. This in fact is one of the most important aspects
of the value of the herring fishery, if not its chief use. An important
food of the king salmon is herring, and as the catching of king salmon
by trolling now forms one of the most important and profitable of
the fisheries of southeast Alaska, no condition that adversely affects
it in a material degree should exist unless b}^ the justification of a par¬
amount right and importance.
In the absence of a material higher use the manufacture of the
lower products is to be commended, in so far as it causes no depletion,
as making a legitimate use of fishes which would otherwise go to
waste. Certainly were there no other demand for the herring, such
a use should be encouraged. The king salmon of course makes a
continual demand upon it, and the king salmon fishery is a perma¬
nent one. Even the satisfaction of this demand might perhaps leave
a margin of the natural increase of herring for other uses.
Other things being equal it is of course the operation of the law
of supply and demand which will determine what use shall be made
of commercial fishes, the product being prepared for sale in the high¬
est .market. Under such circumstances the matter of use might be
left to competition which would exploit the fishery for its most
profitable end. Perhaps no such legitimate use could be regarded as
indefensible, though lower from some standpoints, but without
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
49
discussing this question it may suffice to point out that equality of
conditions in practice soon ceases to exist, as is the case with the
present herring fishery in Alaska. An established industry with
plants and special machinery might continue a less profitable use
on account of its possession of facilities and the loss involved in
change or abandonment, and make thereby serious inroads upon
a supply which would otherwise actually be taken for food uses. It
would then seem the part of justice to prohibit the lower use after
such time or under such conditions as would secure the interdicted
industry from serious loss.
The practice evidently has been, with the approval of public
sentiment concerned, to make legislative choice as between material
conflicting uses on the general grounds of higher and lower uses, as
already discussed. In the concrete instance of the Alaska herring
fishery, although some demand an immediate ban on its manufacture
into fertilizer and oil, it is not clear that a material conflict of interests
exists. As a matter of fact, owing to distance from market, high
freights, and the necessity for competing with the British Columbia
and Puget Sound packers, the Alaskan herring has not made its way
to any great extent as a food fish. As bait for the halibut fishery it is
in great demand, but when most needed the herring run is usually
small, and the salted herring, while used, is inferior as bait. Both
the food and bait uses combined consumed only about 20 per cent
of the take in 1910, a season ot abundance of herring. The rest
was manufactured into fertilizer and oil. Certainly an exigent
demand for herring for other purposes could have been met to a larger
extent from the large run of the current season.
It is for the future rather than the present that it is desirable to
take action looking toward the end of the use of herring as the raw
material for fertilizer and oil. It is safe to assume that all the uses
of the herring are destined to increase, and therefore at some future
time a conflict of uses is probably inevitable. There is but one
establishment engaged in the fertilizer and oil industry in Alaska.
To prevent extensions of the business and provide for its termina¬
tion without injury to existing interests it is only necessary to pro¬
hibit it by legislation effective at a future date, allowing ample time
for the present concern to wind up its affairs. The Bureau has already
through the Department recommended to Congress an early tenta¬
tive date, in part for the sake of eliciting the facts on which to base
a reasonable interim. Evidence has been taken on both sides of the
question and a common ground reached for a settlement of the
question which is believed to be just for all concerned. It is main¬
tained and conceded that the continuance of the herring fertilizer
and oil industry is likely to become inconsistent with public policy
50
EISHEKIES OE ALASKA IN 1910.
respecting the fisheries. The Department on the other hand is
inclined to allow a liberal term before any prohibition upon the
industry shall become effective, and upon the fixing of this term the
question may be said to pend. A few years’ delay in the inaugura¬
tion of this change, intended to hold indefinitely, is a matter of little
moment to the fisheries, but of imminent importance to the industry.
STATISTICS.
The following tables show the condition of the herring industry
in 1910:
Persons Engaged in the Alaska Herring Fisheries in 1910.
Occupation and race.
Southeast
Alaska.
Central
Alaska.
Total.
Fishermen:
Vessel fisheries —
59
59
4
4
Japanese .
4
4
Total .
67
67
Shore fisheries—
30
9
39
Indians .
5
5
35
9
44
Shoresmen:
Whites .
35
2
37
31
2
33
6
Q
Total .
72
4
76
Grand total . . .
174
13
187
Investment in the Alaska Herring Fisheries in 1910.
Items.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Total.
Fishing vessels:
Steamers and launches .
No.
5
Value.
$32,300
No.
Value.
No.
5
Value.
$32,300
Tonnage .
182
182
Outfit r .
12,000
10,000
2,470
12,000
6
1
$1,200
400
7
a 11,200
2,870
2,400
42
4
46
4
2, 100
1
300
5
Apparatus:
Vessel fisheries —
Purse seines .
10
3,995
75
10
3,995
475
Shore fisheries —
1
3
400
4
9
1,495
500
9
1,495
Gill nets .
1
1
500
80,000
50,800
2,000
5,000
82,000
55,800
* Total .
195,735
9,300
205,035
o Includes outfit.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
51
Products op the Alaska Herring Fisheries in 1910.
Products.
Herring, fresh, for food . pounds.
Herring, fresh, for bait . do...
Herring, frozen, for bait . do...
Herring, pickled, for food... barrels.
Herring, pickled, for bait . do...
Herring, salted, for food _ pounds.
Herring eggs, dried, for food... do...
Herring fertilizer . do...
Herring oil . gallons.
Total.
Southeast Alaska.
Quantity.
574,359
522, 500
979
1.906
45,600
1,000
2,617,000
277,000
Value.
$5. 203
5,225
9, 056
3,199
954
100
40, 000
55,000
113,737
Central Alaska.
Quantity.
10,000
216
Value.
$300
1,728
2,028
Total.
Quantity.
10,000
574, 359
522, 500
1,195
1,906
45.600
1.000
2, 617.000
277,000
Value.
$300
5,203
5,225
10, 784
3,199
954
100
40, 000
50, 000
115.765
FERTILIZER AND OILS.
The only plant operated this year for the preparation of fertilizer
and oil from fish was that of the Alaska Oil & Guano Co. at Ivillisnoo,
in southeast Alaska. During the fishing season the company’s ves¬
sels caught 59,000 barrels of herring, as compared with 52,000 barrels
of herring and 3,846 barrels of salmon in 1909.
The Revilla Reduction Works have constructed a plant for the
treatment of dogfish and mud shark livers at Ketchikan, in southeast
Alaska. While the plant is primarily for the extraction of oil from the
livers, it is also hoped by the owners to be able to dry-salt the flesh
for shipment as food to China and Japan, and to dry the skins for
sale. Unfortunately the flesh so far treated has turned yellow and
brown, and until this fault can be corrected it will be of little value.
The plant was completed so late in the season that practically nothing
was done this year.
THE CRAB FISHERY.
As stated in previous reports, crabs are exceedingly abundant in
nearly every section of Alaska, but it is only in southeast Alaska that
they are put to any considerable commercial use, many being con¬
sumed locally, while large numbers are shipped to the Puget Sound
markets, and a few to points in the Northwest Territory, Canada.
The principal shipping places are Petersburg and Wrangell, and
the fishermen from here crab on the flats in Dry Straits, opposite Ideal
Cove, and at Scow Bay, in Wrangell Narrows. They use a rectangular
pot of wooden framework, about 40 inches long, 18 inches high, and
30 inches wide, with 3|-inch stretch mesh net covering. The tun¬
nels, of which there is one at each end, are 7 inches in width and 5
inches in height. These pots cost about $3 each.
The pots are set on trawls, about 25 or 30 to a trawl. Each is
attached to a gangion about 5 fathoms long, thus permitting the
raising and emptying of the pot without bringing to the surface the
trawl itself. The trawls are marked by buoys and held by anchors.
52
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
On some of the trawls baited hooks are placed between the gangions
for the purpose of catching bait for the pots. All sorts of fish, clams,
etc., are used as bait.
When fishing the pots the fishermen throw back into the water aril
crabs under 6 inches in width, measured the broad way of the back, all
females, and the soft-shell ones, the latter because there is usually very
little meat in them.
At first the crabs shipped out of the district were packed alive in
seaweed, but so many died on the way or arrived in bad condition
that now all are boiled before being shipped. The shippers classify
them as follows: Large, 7 inches and over; medium, 6^ to 7 inches;
and small, 6 to inches. The prepared crabs are packed in boxes
holding between 12 and 14 dozen each, and are set on their bottoms
in three tiers with layers of ice at the bottom, between each tier, and at
the top. The freight to Seattle is $7.50 per measured ton, which
would include 35 dozens of crabs.
There is ample room for a large development of this industry, both
in canning and marketing fresh, and it is probable this will take place
as soon as knowledge of the abundant supplies to be had in Alaska
becomes more general.
THE WHALE FISHERY.
The only shore whaling station in the United States where all the
parts of a whale are utilized is at Tjme, at the lower end of Admiralty
Island, in southeast Alaska, and this plant was operated more vig¬
orously than ever this year. In addition to the steamer Tyee,
Junior , and the gasoline schooner Lizzie S. Sorrenson, which com¬
posed the fleet in 1909, the steamer Fearless (85 net tons) was fitted
out this year. In order to permit the fleet to operate more freely in
the open ocean, where most of the whales are now killed, the bark
Diamond Head, loaded with supplies of coal, gasoline, provisions, etc.,
was anchored in a convenient bay, to which the fleet could resort when
in need and thus save the long trip to the station except when neces¬
sary to tow the catch there.
The Lizzie S. Sorrenson early in the season met a most unusual fate.
As she was cruising around in the ocean about 8 miles southwest of
Cape Addington the evening of May 10 a whale was sighted. She
was cautiously worked to within gunshot and a harpoon driven into
the animal. The weapon failed to reach a vital spot, and the whale
made off at a terrific rate, but finding its progress checked it suddenly
turned and charged directly at the vessel. Unavailing efforts were
made by the crew to work the ship out of the way of the infuriated
creature, and the whale, striking her a terrific blow in the stern,
knocked out a portion of the bottom. Efforts made to plug the hole
were without success, and as the pumps did not suffice, the crew took
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910. 53
to their boats and the vessel soon sank. Two days later the ship¬
wrecked crew was- picked up by the whaler Fearless.
The station fleet secured 146 whales, of which 6 were sperm whales
and one a right whale. As the sperm and right whales produce more
valuable by-products than the ordinary whales secured here, the
financial return this year was better than in previous seasons. Since
the fleet began fishing in the open ocean, moreover, a greater number
of sulphur-bottom whales, which are the largest, have been secured,
thus adding materially to the output of the station with but slight
addition to the cost of operating in the interior waters. It is probable
that the plant will be removed to a spot nearer the present scene of
operations in order to eliminate the time and expense now necessary
in order to get the killed whales from the grounds to the station.
There are a number of shore whaling stations along the Arctic
shores of Alaska, at Cape Smytlie, Point Hope, and Point Barrow.
These stations are quite different affairs from the shore whaling
station at Tj^ee, in southeast Alaska, being virtually trading stations
which, in addition to their regular mercantile business, 'furnish the
capital to outfit Eskimos who wish to hunt whales in the ocean close
to shore. When a whale is killed the whalebone is removed and sold
to the trader, while the natives eat or preserve as food as much of the
blubber and flesh as they feel will be required to support them through
the long winter. At Cape Smythe there are about 19 boats whaling,
at Point Hope about 22, and at Point Barrow about 36 boats. The
crews average about 8 men to a boat and the darting gun is quite
generally used. The season lasts about 2 months, and comprises a
part of April, all of May, and a part of June. The bone shipped out
from these stations appears in the statistical tables.
Owing to the glut in the whalebone market, but few of the Arctic
fleet operated this year. The fleet comprised the following : Steamer
Herman (229 net tons), steamer Iiarluk (247 net tons), brigantine
Jeanette (217 net tons), schooner Rosie H. (69 net tons) which went
north in 1908, gasoline schooner Conjianza (84 net tons), and the
schooner Lettitia (233 net tons). The gasoline schooner Olga (43 net
tons) sailed north in 1908 and was wrecked in the Arctic late in 1909,
the news not coming out until this year. While whales were plentiful
they were excessively shy and hard to approach. The fleet secured
27 whales, the Iiarluk alone taking 21, which however, represents
two seasons’ work on the part of the Karluk, she having spent the
winter of 1909-10 in the North.
FURS.
Except in the case of fur seals and sea otters, no effort has hereto¬
fore been made to conserve the supply of fur-bearing animals of the
district, but “An act to protect the seal fisheries of Alaska, and for
59395°— 11 - 22
54
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
other purposes,” approved April 21, 1910, consigns these resources
to the charge of the Department of Commerce and Labor.
In accordance with section 4 of this law a set of regulations have
been promulgated by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, as given
in full in the appendix to this report (p. 71).
The following table shows the number and value of furs of all
kinds shipped from Alaska in 1910:
Shipment of furs from Alaska in 1910.
Products.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
No.
478
Value.
$4, 935
No.
326
Value.
$3,085
No.
532
Value.
$3,821
No.
1,336
1
Value.
$11,841
20
135
10
50
1,560
35
125
1
20
4
125
2
10
6
1
10
1
2
50
2
4
75
27
1,285
20
2
200
33
4
1
15
5
3
105
1
20
4
3
30
3
115
6
145
2, 798
65
3
150
53
2,648
65
56
8
2
8
2
368
1,922
60S
2,763
59
1,026
5,883
160
2,002
10,568
219
11
6
11
6
694
447
1,221
997
1,682
1
1, 477
250
3,597
2,921
700
1
450
2
2
60
492
14, 730
660
5,636
1, 154
20, 426
5
' 175
5
175
2
20
156
1,007
100
199
1,822
357
2,849
100
1
1
38
370
3, 714
30,084
8, 650
3,680
5,618
3
38,688
390
9,370
69, 142
9,040
7,699
50
53
56
57
4,019
20, 443
113
13
'120
1,989
2,002
4
20,563
4
4
4
182
3,541
85
1,856
3,738
782
18, 685
41,319
1,049
24,082
49, 351
403
4, 294
22, 081
462
4,702
16, 974
5; 567
23,738
223, 893
4,230
12, 738
493
2,534
10, 138
76,369
69, 245
8,843
720
108, 588
75,248
18. 549
7, 170
5^086
5, 213
600
4, 479
447
'917
206' 676
4,493
'921
U861
31
3
24
5, 900
5
4
1
2
32
3
37
4
4
4
4
138
4,207
614,246
cl21
468,042
12
14,384
121
472,249
12
20
5
180
39
9
2
209
46
36
24
62
31
11
15
109
70
Wolf .
67
281
5
40
16
86
78
407
28
175
75
397
7
42
110
614
Total .
54,095
94, 506
769,024
917,625
a This table does not take into account the shipments of furs by mail nor of those carried out among
the personal effects of passengers.
b Of these 660 skins were from seized Japanese schooners and were sold by the United States marshal for
$23,100.
c These were also from the above seized Japanese schooners and were sold by the United States marshal.
AQUATIC FURS.
BEAVER.
This is the most valuable fur-bearing aquatic animal found in the
interior waters of Alaska, and has been hunted with such vigor that
its ultimate extinction seems to be now but a question of a few years.
The range of this animal covers all of the mainland of Alaska, except-
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
55
ing only the belt of barren-coast country bordering the Arctic Ocean
from Point Hope north and. east to the Canadian line. It is also
found on a few of the islands in southeast Alaska, and generally
in the lakes and streams of the interior, avoiding the large rivers,
owing to the great change in level likely to occur at different sea¬
sons. During the last three years a considerable proportion of
the supply has come from the Kuskokwim and Yukon Valleys. The
natives catch beavers in steel traps set at a frequented spot or shoot
them from a concealed place near the beaver house or dam.
Castoreum, an oily odorous compound secreted by the preputial
glands of the animal, also the dried preputial follicles and their con¬
tents, are sometimes prepared and find a sale in China, where they
occupy a place in the pharmacopoeia.
In 1905, 1,935 skins; in 1906, 1,536; 1907, 1,159; 1908, 1,280;
1909, 2,323, and in 1910, 2,002 skins were secured.
MUSKRAT.
This animal is found on the mainland, except along the extreme
northern coast line, wherever bogs and ponds or running water occur;
it is also found upon Nunivak and St. Michaels Islands. The Kus¬
kokwim and Yukon Valleys, especially the former, furnish the vast
majority of the output. The natives also use a large number each
year for clothing and in barter with other native tribes. The value
of muskrat has been steadily increasing during the last three years
and as a result the animal has been hunted more vigorously each
season. In 1905, 12,599 skins, valued at $1,192; in 1906, 3,611 skins,
valued at $302; in 1907, 6,481 skins, valued at $498; in 1908, 31,712
skins, valued at $6,257; in 1909, 121,568 skins, valued at $34,074,
while in 1910, 223,893 skins, valued at $75,248, were secured and
shipped from the district. This takes no account of the local trade
in skins between the different tribes.
LAND OTTER.
This species is widely distributed in Alaska, being found on nearly
every part of the mainland. It also occurs on many of the islands.
A steel trap is generally used in capturing the animals. The supply
of land otter skins is fairly constant from year to year.
SEA OTTER.
But two vessels, the schooner Everett Hays, owned by Mr. Samuel
Applegate, of Unalaska, and the schooner Elvira (formerly the Japan¬
ese sealing schooner Kinsei Maru), owned by Mr. Fred Schroeder of
Dutch Harbor, fitted out for sea-otter hunting in 1910. The hunting
is generally carried on between Chirikof and Tugidak Islands (the
56
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
latter one of the Trinity Islands) in central Alaska, and the season is
from about May 15 to September 1, depending largely upon the state
of the weather. This year the weather was very rough and as a
result there were only about four days of actual hunting throughout
the whole season. The Everett Hays secured 4 skins, while the
Elvira took 12, a total of 16.
A few natives living at Kayak this year hunted for sea otter off
Cape St. Elias and on June 7 shot two and on June 15 one. These
skins were sold at the near-by town of Katalla.
Mr. Nils Christensen, of Cold Bay, on the Alaska Peninsula, hunts
sea otters in winter along the reefs offshore, but secured no tiling last
winter. The same was true of Mr. Charles Rosenberg, who patrols
a stretch of some 30 miles of beach on the Bering Sea side of Uni¬
mak Island on the lookout for dead sea otter which may be washed
ashore.
This summer a native killed a sea otter near the Naknek River in
Bristol Bay, where they are very rarely to be found. One was also
killed in the neighborhood of Unga Island in central Alaska.
The Canadian sealing fleet again- devoted a considerable part of
its energies to the hunting of sea otter off Chirikof Island. The
schooner Thos. F. Bayard secured two, while the Pescawlia secured
seven.
Several vessels from the Japanese sealing fleet also engaged in sea
otter hunting, but with what success we are unable to state, owing
to their secretiveness in such matters.
FUR SEAL.
The only place on the coast of Alaska which maintains a fur-seal
fishery is Sitka. In April and May the herd passes Baranof Island,
on which Sitka is located, on its way to the Pribilof Islands in Bering
Sea, to breed. About the middle of April the native hunters, who
are the only persons permitted to engage in the work, with their
families, leave for the hunting grounds and establish their camps on
Tava, Wrangell, and Biorka Islands, small islands a few miles from
Sitka.
This year 10 boat parties had their headquarters on Biorka Island,
four on Wrangell Island, and 18 on Tava Island. Each boat party
is composed of from 3 to 5 men, and these use sailboats costing
about 8130 each. Repeating shotguns, costing from $25 to $35 each,
are the only weapons used. The hunting is done in the open ocean,
and the boats from the various camps cover an area of from 35 to 50
miles directly out from shore and about the same distance up and
down the coast. Good weather is essential, and in 1910 the natives
were unfortunate, bad weather being frequent, with the result that
the catch was very small.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
57
This year 135 skins were taken and sold at a price aggregating
$4,117 (price paid the hunters and not the London price). In num¬
bers this is a big decrease from last year, when the natives secured
396 skins. Prices received for the skins averaged much higher than
in 1909, when $18.60 was received per skin, as compared with $30.50
this year.
The Biorka Island parties secured 50 skins, the Wrangell Island
parties 13, and the Tava Island parties 72. The largest number
secured by any one boat was 8.
In outfitting these boats the hunter, who is head man, furnishes the
boat and gun, while the rowers furnish the ammunition and food.
The gross proceeds arising from the sale of the skins taken are divided
equally among the crew, with the exception of the hunter, who gets
$3 or $4 more than the others.
The hunting parties return to Sitka the latter part of May. A
committee of two is then appointed to supervise the sale of the skins,
which usually takes place on a date between June 1 and 5, when the
buyers from the States have reached Sitka. On sale day the skins
are all brought to one house, where they are sorted into three sizes —
“small,” “medium,” and “large” — care being taken to keep each
boat’s catch separate from the others. The “small” skins are
those of the pups born during the previous two years. The ‘ ‘ medium”
skins are said to have the best fur, but the buyers prefer the “large”
ones on account of their size. The buyers are not allowed to pick
out the choice skins and bid on these alone, but must take them as
they run, the subdivision in the beginning being made merely in
order that the buyers may see what they are bidding on.
These skins are usually much sought after by the dealers, because,
being taken by the natives, and a certificate from the collector of
customs to this effect being attached to the catch, they can, under the
law, be sent abroad to be cleaned and dyed and brought back to be
sold in our markets. The possession of such a certificate is con¬
sidered to add about $10 to the value of the skin.
The Japanese schooners were again troublesome. During bad
weather, when the natives could not go out with their small boats,
the schooners came in close, and then when the good weather came
they would work out just ahead of the native boats and pick up most
of the seals.
The Japanese sealing schooner Raise Maru, which was seized on
May 3, 1909, by the deputy marshal at Sitka, is still at that place.
The crew were charged with killing seals within the 3-mile limit, and
also landing on certain islands near by. They were tried at Juneau
in September of the same year and acquitted, but the owners failed
to resume possession of their vessel after their release.
58
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
In 1909 revenue cutters seized the Japanese sealing schooners
Saikai Maru and Kinsei Maru, and charged them with sealing within
the 3-mile limit of the Pribilof Islands. The captured vessels were
taken to Unalaska and later the officers and men were carried to
Valdez, where all were tried and convicted at the November term of
court. Condemnation proceedings against the vessels were insti¬
tuted, and on April 18 of this year the deputy marshal at Unalaska
sold the vessels with their stores and equipment, the Kinsei Maru
bringing $4,600 and the Saikai Maru $321.50. When seized the
schooners had 660 seal skins, and these sold for $21,780. The vessels
were purchased by Mr. Fred Sliroeder, of Dutch Harbor, who renamed
the Kinsei Maru the Elvira, and outfitted and sent her out this year
on a sea-otter cruise. The skins sold have been included in the
statistical tables of this report.
This year the Treasury Department adopted the policy of permit¬
ting sealing vessels to take on merely enough water to carry them to
the nearest United States port, or if homeward bound, to take them
home. Heretofore the vessels have taken aboard wrater whenever
and wherever they pleased, thus being enabled to extend their cruise
indefinitely. Several sealing vessels which visited ports in southeast
and central Alaska were affected by this rule. Under the law no
resident of the United States is permitted to furnish supplies to a
sealer at any time.
The lease of the North American Commercial Co. of the Pribilof
Islands expired this year, and the Government, through this Depart¬
ment, took possession of the islands. From St. Paul Island 10,754
skins were shipped, while St. George shipped 2,834, a total of 13,586.
MISCELLANEOUS AQUATIC MAMMALS.
HAIR SEALS.
These animals are to be found all along the coast of Alaska, occur¬
ring in places in almost countless numbers. While they form a very
insignificant part of the commerce in which the white traders par¬
ticipate, owing to the fact that their fur is worthless, they are of
immense value to the natives, for from the flesh and oil is secured a
considerable part of the winter food, while the skins are highly prized
for covering the kayaks and umiaks, and for boot soles, trousers,
mittens, clothing bags, and caps, and when cut into strips make a
very strong and durable cord. The coast natives also barter the
flesh, oil, and skins with the interior tribes for reindeer hides and furs,
thus creating a very important branch of trade of which it is impos¬
sible to form an accurate idea, owing to the inaccessibility of most of
the tribes and the secrecy they observe when discussing such matters
with white men.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
59
WALRUSES.
This animal, which is not found south of the Bering Sea shore of
the Aleutian chain, was at one time very numerous north of there,
and the hunting of it and the seal formed the principal occupation
of the Eskimos during the summer. It goes north as the ice breaks
up in the spring and returns again in the fall, stopping but a short
time at any spot and keeping close to the ice pack all this time.
While the hunting was carried on solely by the natives the herd
suffered no appreciable diminution, but in 1868 the whalers began
to turn their attention to walrus catching with serious results to the
natives, as set forth in a former report.®
To many of the Eskimos, especially on the Arctic shore, the walrus is almost a
necessity of life, and the devastation wrought amongst the herds by the whalers has
been, and is yet, the cause of fearful suffering and death to many of the natives. The
flesh is food for man and dogs; the oil is used for food and for lighting and heating the
houses; the skin, when tanned and oiled, makes a durable cover for the large skin
boats; the intestines make waterproof clothing, window covers, and floats; the tusks
are used for lance or spear points or are carved into a great variety of useful and orna¬
mental objects, and the bones are used to make heads for spears and for other purposes.
During the first part of every season there is but little opportunity to capture whales,
they being within the limits of the icy barrier. As a result much of the whalers’ time
during July and August was devoted to capturing walruses. Men would be landed on
the shore in June and left to watch for the animals to haul up on the beach at certain
points. The walrus must either come ashore or get on the ice, and when a herd is
well ashore one or two old bulls are generally left on watch. The best shot among the
hunters now creeps up, and by a successful rifle shot or two kills the guard. Owing
to their very defective hearing the noise made by the rifle does not awaken them.
The gun is then put aside and each hunter, armed with a sharp ax, approaches the
sleeping animals and cuts the spines of as many of them as possible before the others
become alarmed and stampede for the water and escape.
The natives hunt the walrus in kayaks, with ivory-pointed spears
and sealskin line and floats. When the animal is exhausted by its
efforts to escape, the hunters draw near and give the death stroke
with a lance.
In 1908 Congress passed an act for the protection of game in Alaska,
and in this the killing of walrus north of latitude 62° was permitted
only from August 1 to December 10, both inclusive, while no one per¬
son was permitted to kill more than one.
This year new regulations were promulgated by the Department of
Agriculture, and in these the open season for walruses in Bering Sea
and Strait north of the Kuskokwim River is from May 1 to July 1,
while all killing in Bristol Bay and Bering Sea south of the Kuskok¬
wim River is prohibited until 1912.
As the natives are permitted to kill the walrus for food and cloth¬
ing at any time when in need of food, the object of the law, which is
a The Commercial Fisheries of Alaska in 1905. By John N. Cobb, Bureau of Fisheries Document 603,
p. 35, 1906.
60
FISHERIES OF ALASKA I FT 1910.
to prevent the indiscriminate killing by whites, is accomplished, and
very few of the animals are now killed except by the few sportsmen
who visit the Bering Sea district in summer. This year’s reports
indicate that walruses are increasing. The inspector of fisheries for
Alaska saw a large number on the ice in Bristol Bay in May, while
the master of the trading schooner Helen Johnston claims to have
encountered in Bering Strait, near the Diomede Islands, on July 5 a
large herd of swimming walruses which covered several acres of water.
Capt. S. F. Cottle, of the steam whaler Karluk, reports having seen
large pods of walruses this year.
LICENSE TAXES AND HATCHERY REBATES.
Under the provisions of the act for the protection and regulation
of the fisheries of Alaska (approved June 26, 1906) the packers in
Alaska are compelled to pay license fees or taxes on their season’s
output, as noted in the table following. The collection of these license
fees or taxes is in the hands of the clerk of the court of the judicial
district in which the packer is operating. The law literally requires
the packer to pay the license fee in advance, but as the fee is based
upon the pack he makes and it would be impossible in such an uncer¬
tain industry as fishing to estimate in advance exactly the quantity
that will be packed, it is the custom to require the operator to apply
for a license before beginning operations and then at the end of the
season make return of the amount due the district.
The following table shows the quantity of taxable fishery products
prepared, the stated license tax on the product, and the total amount
of tax due on each. The last item is approximate, being based upon
returns on file at this Bureau, some of which are sworn to and some
estimated, and therefore perhaps varying somewhat from those sent
to the clerk of the court. It is not probable, however, that the amount
given will vary much either way from the correct amount as shown
by the returns of the clerks :
License Taxes on Prepared Fishery Products.
Items.
Unit of
quantity.
Quantity
prepared.
License tax
per unit of
quantity.
Estimated
amount of
tax due.
2, 413,052|
14,405
3,357
77,478
578
1,308*
435
$0. 04
.10
.40
.05
.10
.20
.20
$100, 522. 08
1,440. 50
1,342.80
37.70
57.80
261. 70
87.00
Barrels....
Tierces a ..
100 pounds
Barrels....
Dry-salted salmon in bulk .
103,749. 58
o As the net weight of a tierce of fish is 800 pounds, this item is figured on a basis of 4 barrels to the tierce
in working out the amount of tax.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
61
The following table shows the name of the owner, location of each
private salmon hatchery operated during the year ending June 30,
1910, the number of salmon (red) liberated, and the amount of rebate
certificates due each hatchery:
Rebates Credited to Private Salmon Hatcheries in 1910.°
Owners.
Location.
Red sal¬
mon fry
liberated.
Rebate
due.
Alaska Packers Association .
40,725,000
05,875,000
9.850,000
8,000,000
5,300,000
$16, 290
14,350
3,940
3,200
2,120
Karl ilk Stream.. . .
North Pacific Trading & Packing Co .
99,750,000
39,900
a Some of the hatcheries did not complete their distribution of fry before July 1; those remaining will
be counted next year.
COMPLAINTS AND PROSECUTIONS.
On Sunday, May 22, in Taku Inlet, southeast Alaska, the assistant
agent discovered Henry Hoeke, S. Nelson, John Hanula, Tom Carvo,
Abraham Lahti, Oscar Lustig, Van Oleson, and Ole Oleson fishing
during the weekly closed season. All were brought before the United
States commissioner at Juneau for preliminary hearing and bound
over to the next grand jury. On October 24 all were indicted by the
grand jury held at Ketchikan, and on the 29th of the same month all
but Van and Ole Oleson pleaded guilty. S. Nelson and Henry Hoeke
were fined $50 each, while the others were fined $25 each. The Oleson
brothers elected to be tried in Juneau, and on December 10 they
appeared in court there and pleaded guilty; sentence was deferred
for six months.
In October a man named Mitchell was reported by other fishermen as
violating the weekly closed season in the Taku River. He was
indicted by the December grand jury, but was acquitted upon his trial
the same month.
A visit to Tamgas Stream, a tributary of Tamgas Harbor, on the
south end of Annette Island, in southeast Alaska, on July 25, devel¬
oped the fact that a trap was being fished in the creek in violation of
the law. Tamgas Stream is a short and narrow stream draining a
lake, and a run of red and other salmon annually ascends the stream.
About 300 yards from its mouth are a succession of cascades and
falls. In the narrowest part of the cascades a rack had been con¬
structed of poles driven into the bottom and covered with wire
netting in such way as almost wholly to prevent salmon from passing
up, the portion uncovered being too steep for any but the strongest
to surmount. Just below and running parallel to the rack, and at
right angles to the shore, was constructed a flume, with a flaring
62
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
mouth at the outer end; at the shore end a sharp turn of the flume
led into a square box with slat bottom and covered over with
boughs. The fish in ascending the stream would be stopped by the
rack and ir swimming around at the outer end many of them would
be carried by the current into and down the flume, eventually landing
in the receiving box at the end.
Inquiry among the few Indians camped near the mouth of the
stream developed the fact that a native named James, of Metlakahtla,
who died last winter, had first constructed the trap several years ago.
This spring his two sons, boys under 18 years of age, rebuilt the trap.
They were ordered to remove it and did so at once. Owing to the
youth of the offenders and other extenuating circumstances, the mat¬
ter was not presented to the United States attorney for action.
On July 6 Mr. Nels Moen, of Wrangell, complained in regard to
the location of the Alaska Packers Association trap in Humpback
Bay, Bradfield Canal, and also said his partner in the operation of a
rival trap in the same bay, Mr. Oscar Williamson, could prove that
the association’s trap had been fishing on Sunday, July 3. As soon
as possible thereafter a visit was made to Humpback Bay, where
an inspection of the trap showed that it was constructed and placed
in conformity with the law. As Mr. Williamson was confident of
having evidence enough to justify his charge that the trap had been
operated during the weekly closed season, the matter was brought
before the United States commissioner at Wrangell, Mr. Williamson
making the sworn complaint. Mr. H. A. Oleson, the trap foreman,
was arrested and brought to Wrangell for preliminary hearing. The
evidence, however, clearly showed no intent at violating the law and
the defendant was discharged.
On the occasion of a visit to Sarkar Stream, on the west coast of
Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska, on August 26, Mr. Fred
Brockman was discovered fishing a gill net which had been stretched
from bank to bank. The net had 13 coho salmon in it at the time.
Brockman was arraigned before the United States commissioner at
Wrangell on September 3 and by him was bound over to the next
grand jury, which began its sessions at Ketchikan on October 24 and
indicted the defendant on the same date. On October 24 he appeared
in court and pleaded guilty. Owing to the defendant’s physical
condition the court imposed the small fine of 825, but gave an impres¬
sive warning that the next offender appearing in court charged with
this serious offense would be severely dealt with.
In the latter part of July several natives reported to the deputy
marshal at Sitka that native fishermen were fishing within the pro¬
hibited area around the mouth of Necker Stream, which empties into
Necker Bay, on the west coast of Baranof Island, in southeast Alaska.
Twenty-five natives were brought in by the deputy marshal and
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IK 1910. 63
given a hearing before the United States commissioner at Sitka, who
discharged all of the defendants, however, for lack of evidence.
Several complaints were made in regard to alleged illegal fishing
by gill netters operating in Karta Bay, Prince of Wales Island, south¬
east Alaska, but diligent search failed to substantiate any of these,
and as the nets were soon withdrawn the complaints, which had come
from purse seiners, ceased.
On June 25 the deputy marshal and deputy collector of customs at
Cordova visited Eyak River and found Peny and Causa Sabella,
fishermen employed by the Northwestern Fisheries Co. at Orca, with
a gill net stretched from shore to shore. The net held at the time
of the visit some 40 or 50 fish. The men were brought before the
United States commissioner at Cordova and fined SI and costs,
amounting in all to S50 each.
An evil which at present is slight, but will grow more and more
serious as the district becomes more settled and the superabundant
water power, which at present largely goes to waste, is harnessed and
made to serve the purposes of the manufacturer, prospector, lumber¬
man, etc., is the building of dams in streams which the salmon fre¬
quent. By the terms of the law it is —
unlawful to erect or maintain any dam, barricade, fence, trap, fish wheel, or other
fixed or stationary obstruction, except for purposes of fish culture, in any of the waters
of Alaska at any point where the distance from shore to shore is less than five hundred
feet, * * * with the purpose or result of capturing salmon or preventing or
impeding their ascent to their spawning grounds, and the Secretary of Commerce
and Labor is hereby authorized and directed to have any and all such unlawful obstruc¬
tions removed or destroyed.
In the past, builders of such obstructions have been very negli¬
gent in consulting the salmon agents in regard to the legality of their
structures, and as a result considerable expense has been caused to
them by their failure to observe the plain provisions of the law.
Where some municipal or commercial benefit is to result the agents
have been willing to meet the parties more than half way and to sup¬
ply all needful plans for the placing of fishways in such dams where
feasible.
PROPOSED LEGISLATION.
At the hearings held between April 19 and May 25, before the Com¬
mittee on the Territories of the House of Representatives, on H. R.
22579, Sixty-first Congress, second session, known as the Wickersham
bill, in amendment of the Alaska fisheries law of June 26, 1906, repre¬
sentatives of the Bureau furnished statements and testimony bearing
on the provisions of this bill in their relation to the fisheries. At the
close of these hearings the following letter was transmitted by the
Secretary of Commerce and Labor in response to a request for the
opinion of the Department with respect to changes or additions
64
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
desirable in the law. The proposals for legislation increase the taxes
somewhat, and aim to extend and increase the power of the Depart¬
ment over all Alaskan fisheries save the fur seal.
Department of Commerce and Labor,
Office of the Secretary,
Washington , May 25, 1910.
Hon. E. L. Hamilton,
Chairman Committee on the Territories,
Home of Representatives, Washington, D. C.
Sir: In reply to your letter of the 20th instant, in which you request the opinion
of the Department with respect to changes advisable in the present Alaska fisheries
law, after consideration of the act of June 26, 1906, section by section, the following
recommendations are submitted:
1. Sections 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are satisfactory.
2. Section 1 should be modified in accordance with the schedule already submitted
at the hearing of May 3. This schedule is along the lines indicated by Judge Wicker-
sham in H. R. 22579.
3. Section 2 should remain until more adequate facilities are provided for fish-
cultural work by the Federal Government. All fish-cultural work in Alaska should
eventually be carried on by the Federal Government. This can be brought about
by the abolition of the present exemption system, the taking over of such private
hatcheries as the owners may desire to turn over to the Government, and the estab¬
lishment of additional Federal hatcheries.
4. In section 3, line 2, strike out the words “for purposes of fish-culture” and insert
in lieu thereof “by direction of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor”; and in lines
4 and 5 strike out the words “where the same is less than five hundred feet in width.”
5. In section 4, line 2, strike out the words “for purposes of fish culture” and insert
in lieu thereof “by direction of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor.”
6. In section 6, lines 6 and 7, strike out the words “five hundred yards of the mouth
thereof” and insert in lieu thereof “such distance from the mouth thereof as in his
judgment is necessary.”
7. The matter covered by section 9 is now fully covered by the pure food and drugs
act, food inspection decision No. 105, and this section may therefore be omitted.
8. The following additional sections are now recommended:
“Section — . That for the purposes of this act the Secretary of Commerce and Labor
is authorized to determine and indicate by suitable markers the mouth of any creek,
stream, or river in Alaska which salmon enter for spawning purposes.
“Sec. — . That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is authorized and directed to
establish such regulations, not inconsistent with existing law, as may in his judgment
be necessary for the proper protection and conservation of shellfish and other aquatic
animals not otherwise mentioned in this act.
“Sec. — . That it shall be unlawful to erect, maintain, or operate in Alaska any new
establishment for canning or otherwise preserving for commercial use any salmon or
other fish or fishery product, or to increase the capacity of any such existing establish¬
ment, or to reopen and operate any such establishment which has remained closed for
the period of three years immediately preceding the passage of this act, without first
obtaining the approval in writing of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
“ Provided , however, That in the case of salmon-packing establishments approval shall
be withheld only when in his judgment the fishing operations and investigations in the
region adjacent to the proposed location indicate that the number of salmon taken is
larger than the reproductive increase of salmon from adjacent spawning grounds: And
provided further, That in case approval is withheld the applicant interested shall upon
demand be given a hearing, of which he shall be notified at least thirty days previously.
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
65
“Sec. — . That it shall be unlawful, after January first, nineteen hundred and eleven,
to utilize any part of any food fish save the offal and refuse thereof in the manufacture
of fertilizer or fish oil.
“Sec. — . That the provisions of sections thirteen and sixteen of chapter four hundred
and twenty-five of an act entitled ‘An act making appropriations for the construction
repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other
purposes, ’ approved March third, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, shall be applied
to the protection of the fisheries of Alaska, and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor
and his agents for the protection of the salmon fisheries of Alaska, and any officer or
employee of the Department of Commerce and Labor designated by him, shall be
charged with the enforcement of said section thirteen and shall have the same power
and authority in all respects to swear out process and arrest as the several officials
named in section seventeen of chapter four hundred and twenty -five of the above act.”
Respectfully,
Charles Nagel, Secretary.
There is pending before Congress a measure for reorganization and
expansion of the Alaska work of the Bureau of Fisheries, under the
one head of Alaska Fisheries Service. This division will include, if
the law is enacted, the salmon-inspection service and the fur-seal serv¬
ice, together with supervision of all other fisheries and fur resources
of Alaska.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
1. That vessels be provided for the inspection service as recom¬
mended in the report for 1909, and that immediate provision be made
for the two smaller launches requested, as the most urgent needs of
the service, for use during the 1911 season.
2. That in addition to the recommendations contained in depart¬
mental letter of May 25, 1910, printed on page 64 of this report,
for the amendment of the present fisheries act of June 26, 1906, the
weekly close season for salmon, as expressed in section 5 of the
existing law, be extended over all Alaskan waters except Bering Sea
and its arms; and that in sections 3 and 4 the word “salmon” be
substituted for red salmon.
APPENDIX-FISHERY
LAWS AND REGULATIONS.
The following laws relating to the fisheries and fur -bearing animals
of Alaska, and the regulations established thereunder, which are now
in force in the District, are published herewith for the guidance of
those interested :
AN ACT for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of Alaska.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That every person, company, or corporation carrying on the
business of canning, curing, or preserving fish or manufacturing fish products within
the territory known as Alaska, ceded to the United States by Russia by the treaty of
March thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, or in any of the waters of Alaska
over which the United States has jurisdiction, shall, in lieu of all other license fees
and taxes therefor and thereon, pay license taxes on their said business and output
as follows: Canned salmon, four cents per case; pickled salmon, ten cents per barrel;
salt salmon in bulk, five cents per one hundred pounds; fish oil, ten cents per barrel;
ertilizer, twenty cents per ton. The payment and collection of such license taxes
shall be under and in accordance with the provisions of the Act of March third, eighteen
hundred and ninety-nine, entitled “An Act to define and punish crimes in the district
of Alaska, and to provide a code of criminal procedure for the district,” and amend¬
ments thereto.
Sec. 2. That the catch and pack of salmon made in Alaska by the owners of private
salmon hatcheries operated in Alaska shall be exempt from all license fees and taxa¬
tion of every nature at the rate of ten cases of canned salmon to every one thousand
red or king salmon fry liberated, upon the following conditions:
That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor may from time to time, and on the
application of the hatchery owner shall, within a reasonable time thereafter, cause
such private hatcheries to be inspected for the purpose of determining the character
of their operations, efficiency, and productiveness, and if he approve the same shall
cause notice of such approval to be filed in the office of the clerk or deputy clerk of
the United States district court of the division of the district of Alaska wherein any
such hatchery is located, and shall also notify the owners of such hatchery of the action
taken by him. The owner, agent, officer, or superintendent of any hatchery the
effectiveness and productiveness of which has been approved as above provided
shall, between the thirtieth day of June and the thirty-first day of December of each
year, make proof of the number of salmon fry liberated during the twelve months
immediately preceding the thirtieth day of June, by a written statement under oath.
Such proof shall be filed in the office of the clerk or deputy clerk of the United States
district court of the division of the district of Alaska wherein such hatchery is located,
and when so filed shall entitle the respective hatchery owners to the exemption as
herein provided; and a false oath as to the number of salmon fry liberated shall be
deemed perjury and subject the offender to all the pains and penalties thereof. Dupli¬
cates of such statements shall also be filed with the Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
It shall be the duty of such clerk or deputy clerk in whose office the approval and
67
68
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
proof heretofore provided for are filed to forthwith issue to the hatchery owner, causing
such proofs to be filed, certificates which shall not be transferable and of such denomi¬
nations as said owner may request (no certificate to cover fewer than one thousand
fry), covering in the aggregate the number of fry so proved to have been liberated;
and such certificates may be used at any time by the person, company, corporation,
or association to whom issued for the payment pro tanto of any license fees or taxes
upon or against or on account of any catch or pack of salmon made by them in Alaska;
and it shall be the duty of all public officials charged with the duty of collecting or
receiving such license fees or taxes to accept such certificates in lieu of money in pay¬
ment of all licensg fees or taxes upon or against the pack of canned salmon at the ratio
of one thousand fry for each ten cases of salmon. No hatchery owner shall obtain the
rebates from the output of any hatchery to which he might otherwise be entitled under
this Act unless the efficiency of said hatchery has first been approved by the Secretary
of Commerce and Labor in the manner herein provided for.
Sec. 3. That it shall be unlawful to erect or maintain any dam, barricade, fence,
trap, fish wheel, or other fixed or stationary obstruction, except for purposes of fish
culture, in any of the waters of Alaska at any point where the distance from shore to
shore is less than five hundred feet, or within five hundred yards of the mouth of any
red-salmon stream where the same is less than five hundred feet in width, with the
purpose or result of capturing salmon or preventing or impeding their ascent to their
spawning grounds, and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby authorized
and directed to have any and all such unlawful obstructions removed or destroyed.
Sec. 4. That it shall be unlawful to lay or set any drift net, seine, set net, pound
net, trap, or any other fishing appliance for any purpose except for purposes of fish
culture, across or above the tide waters of any creek, stream, river, estuary, or lagoon,
for a distance greater than one-third the width of such creek, stream, river, estuary,
or lagoon, or within one hundred yards outside of the mouth of any red-salmon stream
where the same is less than five hundred feet in width. It shall be unlawful to lay
or set any seine or net of any kind within one hundred yards of any other seine, net,
or other fishing appliance whicjh. is being or which has been laid or set in any of the
waters of Alaska, or to drive or construct any trap or any other fixed fishing appliance
within six hundred yards laterally or within one hundred yards endwise of any other
trap or fixed fishing appliance.
Sec. 5. That it shall be unlawful to fish for, take, or kill any salmon of any species
in any manner or by any means except by rod, spear, or gaff, in any of the waters of
Alaska over which the United States has jurisdiction, except Cook Inlet, the Delta
of Copper River, Bering Sea, and the waters tributary thereto, from six o’clock post¬
meridian of Saturday of each week until six o’clock antemeridian of the Monday
following, or to fish for, or catch, or kill in any manner or by any appliances except
by rod, spear, or gaff, any salmon in any stream of less than one hundred yards in
width in Alaska between the hours of six o’clock in the evening and six o’clock in
the morning of the following day of each and every day of the week. Throughout
the weekly close season herein prescribed the gate, mouth, or tunnel of all stationary
and floating traps shall be closed, and twenty-five feet of the webbing or net of the
“heart” of such traps on each side next to the “pot” shall be lifted or lowered in such
manner as to permit the free passage of salmon and other fishes.
Sec. 6. That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor may, in his discretion, set aside
any streams or lakes as preserves for spawning grounds, in which fishing may be
limited or entirely prohibited; and when, in his judgment, the results of fishing
operations in any stream, or off the mouth thereof, indicate that the number of salmon
taken is larger than the natural production of salmon in such stream, he is authorized
to establish close seasons or to limit or prohibit fishing entirely for one year or more
within such stream or within five hundred yards of the mouth thereof, so as to permit
salmon to increase: Provided , however , That such power shall be exercised only after
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
69
all persons interested shall be given a hearing, of which due notice must be given by
publication; and where the interested parties are known to the Department they
shall be personally notified by a notice mailed not less than thirty days previous to
such hearing. No order made under this section shall be effective before the next
calendar year after same is made: And provided further, That such limitations and
prohibitions shall not apply to those engaged in catching salmon who keep such
streams fully stocked with salmon by artificial propagation.
Sec. 7. That it shall be unlawful to can or salt for sale for food any salmon more than
forty-eight hours after it has been killed. ,
Sec. 8. That it shall be unlawful for any person, company, or corporation wantonly
to waste or destroy salmon or other food fishes taken or caught in any of the waters of
Alaska.
Sec. 9. That it shall be unlawful for any person, company, or corporation canning,
salting, or curing fish of any species in Alaska to use any label, brand, or trade-mark
which shall tend to misrepresent the contents of any package of fish offered for sale,
Provided, That the use of the terms “red,” “medium red,” “pink,” “chum,” and so
forth, as applied to the various species of Pacific salmon under present trade usages shall
not be deemed in conflict writh the provisions of this Act when used to designate
salmon of those known species.
Sec. 10. That every person, company, and corporation engaged in catching, curing,
or in any manner utilizing fishery products, or in operating fish hatcheries in Alaska,
shall make detailed annual reports thereof to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor,
on blanks furnished by him, covering all such facts as may be required with respect
thereto for the information of the Department. Such reports shall be sworn to by the
superintendent, manager, or other person having knowledge of the facts, a separate
blank form being used for each establishment in cases where more than one cannery,
saltery, or other establishment is conducted by a person, company, or corporation, and
the same shall be forwarded to the Department at the close of the fishing season and
not later than December fifteenth of each year.
Sec. 11. That the catching or killing, except with rod, spear, or gaff, of any fish of
any kind or species whatsoever in any of the waters of Alaska over which the United
States has jurisdiction, shall be subject to the provisions of this Act, and the Secretary
of Commerce and Labor is hereby authorized to make and establish such rules and
regulations not inconsistent with law as may be necessary to carry into effect the
provisions of this Act.
Sec. 12. That to enforce the provisions of this Act and such regulations as he may
establish in pursuance thereof, the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is authorized
and directed to depute, in addition to the agent and assistant agent of salmon fisheries
now provided by law, from the officers and employees of the Department of Commerce
and Labor, a force adequate to the performance of all work required for the proper
investigation, inspection, and regulation of the Alaskan fisheries and hatcheries, and
he shall annually submit to Congress estimates to cover the cost of the establishment
and maintenance of fish hatcheries in Alaska, the salaries and actual traveling expenses
of such officials, and for such other expenditures as may be necessary to carry out the
provisions of this Act.
Sec. 13. That any person, company, corporation, or association violating any pro¬
vision of this Act or any regulation established in pursuance thereof shall, upon con¬
viction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or imprison¬
ment at hard labor for a term of not more than ninety days, or by both such fine and
imprisonment, at the discretion of the court; and in case of the violation of any of
the provisions of section four of this Act and conviction thereof a further fine of not
more than two hundred and fifty dollars per diem may, at the discretion of the court,
be imposed for each day such obstruction is maintained. And every vessel or other
apparatus or equipment used or employed in violation of any provision of this Act, or
59395°— 11 - 23
70
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
of any regulation made thereunder, may be seized by order of the Secretary of Com¬
merce and Labor, and shall be held subject to the payment of such fine or fines as
may be imposed .
Sec. 14. That the violation of any provision of this Act may be prosecuted in any
district court of Alaska or any district court of the United States in the States of Cali¬
fornia, Oregon, jt Washington. And it shall be the duty of the Secretary of Commerce
and Labor to enforce the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations made
thereunder. And it shall be the duty of the district attorney to whom any violation
is reported by any agent or> representative of the Department of Commerce and Labor
to institute proceedings necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act.
Sec. 15. That all Acts or parts of Acts inconsistent with the provisions of this Act
are, so far as inconsistent, hereby repealed.
Sec. 16. That this Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage.
Approved, June 26, 1906.
AN ACT To prohibit aliens from fishing in the waters of Alaska.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That it shall be unlawful for any person not a citizen of the
United States, or who has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United
States, and is not a bona fide resident therein, or for any company, corporation, or asso¬
ciation not organized or authorized to transact business under the laws of the United
States or under the laws of any State, Territory, or district thereof, or for any person
not a native of Alaska, to catch or kill, or attempt to catch or kill, except with rod,
spear, or gaff, any fish of any kind or species whatsoever in any of the waters of Alaska
under the jurisdiction of the United States: Provided, however, That nothing contained
in this Act shall prevent those lawfully taking fish in the said waters from selling the
same, fresh or cured, in Alaska or in Alaskan waters, to any alien person, company, or
vessel then being lawfully in said waters: And provided further, That nothing contained
in this Act shall prevent any person, firm, corporation, or association lawfully entitled
to fish in the waters of Alaska from employing as laborers any aliens who can now be
lawfully employed under the existing laws of the United States, either at stated wages
or by piecework, or both, in connection with Alaskan fisheries, cr with the canning,
salting or otherwise preserving of fish.
Sec. 2. That every person, company, corporation, or association found guilty of a
violation of any provision of this Act or of any regulation made thereunder shall, for
each offense, be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred
dollars, which fine shall be a lien against any vessel or other property of the offending
party or which was used in the commission of such unlawful act. Every vessel used
or employed in violation of any provision of this Act or of any regulation made there¬
under shall be liable to a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five
hundred dollars, and may be seized and proceeded against by way of libel in any court
having jurisdiction of the offense.
Sec. 3. That the violation of any provision of this Act or of any regulation made
thereunder may be prosecuted in any United States district court of Alaska, Cali¬
fornia, Oregon, or Washington.
Sec. 4. That the collector of customs of the district of Alaska is hereby authorized
to search and seize every foreign vessel and arrest every person violating any provision
of this Act or any regulation made thereunder, and the Secretary of Commerce and
Labor shall have power to authorize officers of the Navy and of the Revenue-Cutter
Service and agents of the Department of Commerce and Labor to likewise make such
searches, seizures, and arrests. If any foreign vessel shall be found within the waters
to which this Act applies, having on board fresh or cured fish and apparatus or imple-
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
71
ments suitable for killing or taking fish, it shall be presumed that the vessel and
apparatus were used in violation of this. Act until it is otherwise sufficiently proved.
And every vessel, its tackle, apparatus, or implements so seized shall be given into the
custody of the United States marshal of either of the districts mentioned in section
three of this Act, and shall be held by him subject to the proceedings provided for in
section two of this Act. The facts in connection with such seizure shall be at once
reported to the United States district attorney for the district to which the vessel so
seized shall be taken, whose duty it shall be to institute the proper proceedings.
Sec. 5. That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor shall have power to make rules
and regulations not inconsistent with law to carry into effect the provisions of this Act.
And it shall be the duty of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to enforce the pro¬
visions of this Act and the rules and regulations made thereunder, and for that purpose
he may employ, through the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of the Navy,
the vessels of the United States Revenue-Cutter Service and of the Navy: Provided ,
however , That nothing contained in this Act shall be construed as affecting any exist¬
ing treaty or convention between the United States and any foreign power.
Approved, June 14, 1906.
FISHERY REGULATIONS.
1. During the inspection of the salmon fisheries by the agents and representatives
of this Department, they shall have at all times free and unobstructed access to all
canneries, salteries, and other fishing establishments, and to all hatcheries.
2. All persons, companies, or corporations owning, operating, or using any trap-net,
pound-net, or fish-wheel for taking salmon or other fishes shall cause to be placed in a
conspicuous place on said trap-net, pound-net, or fish-wheel the name of the person,
company, or corporation owning, operating, or using same, together with a distinctive
number, letter, or name which shall identify each particular trap-net, pound-net, or
fish-wheel, said lettering and numbering to consist of black figures and letters, not
less than six inches in length, painted on white ground.
3. All persons, companies, or corporations engaged in canning salmon shall forward
to the Bureau of Fisheries, Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C.,
three copies of each and every different can label which it is designed to place upon the
canned product.
Charles Nagel, Secretary.
REGULATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF FUR-BEARING ANIMALS IN ALASKA.
[Alaska Fisheries Service — Circular No. l.o]
March 8, 1911.
To whom it may concern :
Section 4 of “ An act to protect the seal fisheries of Alaska, and for other purposes, ”
approved April 21, 1910, provides that —
No person shall kill any otter, mink, marten, sable, or fur seal, or other fur-bearing
animal, -within the limits of Alaska Territory or in the waters thereof; and every
person guilty thereof shall, for each offense, be fined not less than two hundred nor
more than one thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than six months, or both;
and all vessels, their tackle, apparel, furniture, and cargo found engaged in violation
of this section shall be forfeited; but the Secretary of Commerce and Labor shall
have power to authorize the killing of any such mink, marten, sable, fur seal, or other
“The sundry civil bill passed by Congress March 4, 1911, provided for a reorganization and expansion
of the Alaska service of the Bureau of Fisheries, as referred to on page 65 of this report. This circular,
while by its date not strictly within the scope of the report for 1910, is printed here for its usefulness in
connection with the other laws now administered by the Alaska fisheries service.
72
FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
fur-bearing animal under such regulations as he may prescribe; and it shall be the
duty of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to prevent the killing of any fur seal
except as authorized by law and to provide for the execution of the provisions of
this section until it is otherwise provided by law.
Fur-bearing animals enumerated below may, subject to the provisions of regulation
No. 12, be hunted and killed in the Territory of Alaska, except during the seasons
specified with respect to each of the several animals mentioned.
1. Sea otter. — The hunting or killing of sea otter is prohibited until November 1,
1920.
2. Beaver. — The hunting or killing of beaver is prohibited prior to November 1, 1915.
3. Land otter and mink. — The hunting or killing of land otter or mink is prohibited
throughout the season from April 1 to November 15, both days inclusive, of each
year.
4. Marten, fisher, sable, ermine, and weasel. — The hunting or killing of marten, fisher,
sable, ermine, or weasel is prohibited throughout the season from April 1 to Novem¬
ber 15, both days inclusive, of each year.
5. Muskrat. — The hunting or killing of muskrat is prohibited throughout the
season from May 16 to November 30, both days inclusive, of each year.
6. Black bear. — The hunting or killing of black bear is prohibited throughout the
season from June 1 to August 31, both days inclusive, of each year.
7. Fox, lynx, and wildcat. — The hunting or killing of fox, lynx, or wildcat is pro¬
hibited throughout the season from March 1 to November 15, both days inclusive,
of each year.
8. Wolf, wolverine, spermophile, and rabbit or hare. — The killing of wolves, wolver¬
ines, spermophiles (ground squirrels), and rabbits or hares is not prohibited.
9. The killing of any fur-bearing animal by means of strychnine or any other poison
is prohibited at all times.
10. Permits or licenses may be issued by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor for
the taking of fur-bearing animals for scientific purposes, for shipment to zoological
parks, or for breeding purposes.
11. The penalties and forfeitures imposed by the act will be strictly enforced
against all persons who take, capture, or kill, or attempt to take, capture, or kill, any
fur-bearing animal in the Territory of Alaska during the prohibited seasons herein
established, or who barter or have in their possession the skin or pelt of any fur-bearing
animal taken in the close or prohibited season.
12. Shipments of furs, which may be made at any time, will be reported to the
Bureau of Fisheries, Department of Commerce and Labor, on appropriate blanks
which will be supplied for that purpose.
These regulations supersede all others previously in force.
Approved:
Charles Nagel, Secretary.
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ALASKA
FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910
By Harold Heath
Professor of Invertebrate Zoology, Stanford University
Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 748
CONTENTS.
Page.
Brief sketch of natural history of the seal . 3
The rookeries . 4
Rookery development . 4
Harem counts . 5
Active bulls . 6
Idle bulls . . .
Young bulls . 7
Counts of idle and young bulls . 8
Breeding cows . 8
Counts of pups . 9
Estimates of cows and pups . . . . 10
Yearlings and 2-year-olds . 11
The reserve . 11
Estimate of all classes . . 12
The quota . 13
Conservation and some involved problems . 13
The question of an equilibrium of the herd . 15
The patrol and pelagic sealing . 16
The pelagic catch . 18
Cows in drives . 19
Causes of death . 19
Ages of seals . 20
Appendix — Extract from field notes . 21
2
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ALASKA FUR-SEAL
ROOKERIES, 1910.
By Harold Heath,
Professor of Invertebrate Zoology, Stanford University.
Under the act of Congress of April 21, 1910, involving various
changes in the administration of the Pribilof Islands and the seal
fisheries and providing for the appointment of additional officers
and employees, it was decided that a naturalist should be designated
to study and report upon the condition of the seal herd. Pending
the selection of a permanent occupant of this position, to take effect
July 1 under the law, the writer was sent to the islands as a special
investigator to perform the naturalist’s duties for the season which
was already beginning. Observations were made on St. Paul Island,
beginning June 29, the date of arrival on the island, and continuing
until July 15, then for a week on St. George Island, and again on St.
Paul until August 29. A report of these observations is contained
in the following pages.
I am indebted to the Government agents on the islands and to the
officers of the revenue fleet for valuable data and many courtesies
in connection with my work.
BRIEF SKETCH OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE SEAL.
As popularly applied the term “seal” includes a fairly large group
of aquatic mammals, such as the sea lion and the fur and hair seals,
all of which bear a superficial resemblance to each other. Strictly
speaking, the last named are the only ones deserving of the name.
Unlike the hair seal, the fur seal, or sea bear, is able to progress
readily on land, is able to hold its head erect, and its fore limbs, finlike
in form, are used in swimming. Concerning its life at sea, we know
that the seals of the Pribilof Islands spend their winter months along
the western coast of North America, the adult females extending their
migrations as far as southern California. Early in May the adult
males or bulls begin to appear on the rookeries, where each is sub¬
sequently joined by 30 females on the average, the height of the
4
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES;, 1910.
breeding season occurring about the 15th of July. Shortly after her
arrival each cow gives birth to a pup, and after a sojourn of perhaps
two weeks, during which time she is served by the bull, she puts out
to sea on the first of several journeys in search of food.
During this time the young males or bachelors are arriving, and are
usually found in groups on the outskirts of the rookeries. It is from
these young males that the land catch of skins is made.
Early in August disorganization of the harems commences. The
greater number of cows have been served, the active bulls accord¬
ingly relax their vigilance, the idle bulls and those less mature wander
about without serious molestation, the pups congregate at various
points on shore or in the shallows, where they learn to swim, and as
autumn advances the roving instinct becomes more and more appar¬
ent in all classes, finally leading to the abandonment of the shore early
in November.
THE ROOKERIES.
In position and extent the rookeries have undergone but few changes
since last year. The number of active bulls and the attendant harems
have decreased slightly, but whether this indicates an actual decrease
in the number of cows is doubtful, since the count of pups, as noted in
a succeeding section, was made on one rookery only and the data
derived therefrom are not perfectly trustworthy. The decline in the
number of harems on St. Paul is most apparent on Gorbatch, the
Zapadnis, and Tolstoi, where there are 55 less than in 1909. On
the other hand, there are 47 more on the Reef, Kitovi, Polovina,
and Vostochni. On St. George the very slight increase noted on
Staraya Artel and Zapadni is almost exactly counterbalanced by a
decline on North and East rookeries.
This year the fleet operated chiefly about Northeast Point and to
the south and east between St. Paul and St. George, but the results of
their operations do not appear to be so distinctly reflected in a corre¬
sponding decline of adjacent rookeries as in 1909. Such a definite
effect requires that the seals put out to sea along radii centering in
either one of the islands, but on numerous occasions I have watched
cows, and especially bachelors, leaving the rookeries, and their course
is far from being either direct or uniform. The problem, however, is
of interest chiefly to the naturalist as matters rest at present, and is
without any very practical bearing on the conservation of the herd.
ROOKERY DEVELOPMENT.
At present there appear to be no very definite problems associated
with the development of the rookery, but following the custom
observed for several years past counts of harems and cows were made
whenever and wherever it was possible. Kitovi especially received
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
5
attention and as far as practicable was examined at intervals of about
three days with the following results:
Development op Kitovi Rookery, Season of 1910, as shown by Counts op
Seals on Different Dates.
Date.
Harems.
Cows.
Reserve
bulls.
Half
bulls.
16
27
37
6
32
107
24
14
43
326
19
7
47
500
14
10
62
929
9
10
The past winter was unusually severe and long continued, delaying
the breaking up of the drift ice, the melting of the snow, and the
appearance of flowering plants for upward of three weeks. It is
interesting to note, however, that this delay did not affect the sum¬
mer resident birds, which put in an appearance at the customary
time, though compelled in numerous instances to deposit their eggs
on the snow. Nor did it hinder the migration of the seals, though
several cows likewise took up positions on snow drifts, wdiere they
and the pups appeared to be unmindful of their unusual habitat.
HAREM COUNTS.
In accordance with the custom pursued in past years, the counts of
harems were made as nearly as possible at the “ height of the season,”
occurring July 12-16. Owing to stress of weather Sivutch, or Sea
Lion Rock, rookery was not counted, but was estimated as containing
61 harems, the number found last season.
Summary of Harem Counts, 1910, and Comparison with 1897 and 1P09.«
Rookery.
1897
1909 a
1910
Paul Island:
G or batch .
308
120
112
Ardiguen .
33
11
11
Reef .
454
184
206
Sea Lion Rock .
102
61
6R
Kitovi .
179
55
62
Lukanin .
139
39
41
Polovina .
143
42
50
Polovina Cliffs .
61
23
20
Little Polovina .
40
19
12
Morjovi .
233
45
47
Vost.ochni .
910
184
204
Zapadni .
458
147
118
Little Zapadni .
176
62
54
Zapadni Reef .
114
11
7
Tolstoi .
295
87
77
Tolstoi Cliffs .
98
25
29
Lagoon .
115
12
9
Total .
3,858
1,127
1,120
Rookery.
1897
1909
1910
St. George Island:
Little East .
46
4
4
East .
128
65
59
Zapadni .
133
43
47
Staraya Artel .
57
42
48
North .
196
106
103
Total .
560
260
261
Grand total .
4,418
1,387
1,381
a Figures for 1909 are those of Mr. George A. Clark.
b Estimated.
6
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
Assuming that Sea Lion Rock is occupied by the same number of
harems as in 1909 or neglecting it for both seasons, there are 7 fewer
harems on St. Paul this year- than last.
Comparing the number of harems on St. George during the years
1909 and 1910 there is 1 more, and when both islands are consid¬
ered 6 fewer. As there is one bull to a harem, this is another way only
of stating that there are 6 fewer bulls this year than last; and obvi¬
ously such an estimate affords no indication whatever of the actual
number of breeding cows.
ACTIVE BULLS. .
The number of active bulls, each in control of a harem, is as just
noted, somewhat smaller this year than last (as 1,387 to 1,381); but
it is the universal verdict that as a class they have lost none of those
characteristics that make them successful masters. As usual there
was considerable skirmishing among them as the harems were form¬
ing, but the wounds inflicted were comparatively insignificant and
no deaths were recorded. Early in the season one dead female was
found on Gorbatch whose wounds may have been caused by a bull,
and later six cows were seen on various rookeries that had been
severely though not fatally slashed.
In a few cases young bulls or “ quitters” were found with harems
on various rookeries, but usually they held sway on the outskirts of
the community and joined the females in the mad rush to the sea
whenever they were approached. It was the rare exception that
they held a position in the more crowded portions of the rookery,
where they would be called upon to defend their cows against the
attempted inroads on the part of more seasoned harem masters.
By some authorities it has been urged that this infusion of young
male life into the general herd is beneficial, but in all probability its
value is overestimated. It is not disclaimed that some animals are
born with more vigorous constitutions than others, and that in all
probability their offspring will be more hardy in consequence. And
furthermore, it is a truism that in the struggle for existence it is a
gain that the feeble are weeded out; but this is an entirely different
question from the one relating to the effects of age. In the case of
the female a long existence may lessen the production of milk or alter
its composition, and consequently inhibit the proper nourishment
of the offspring, but with the male no such argument may be brought
forward. In the case of the race horse, which has been studied as
much as any other mammal, attempts have been made to show that
it is desirable to breed young males, and again, with essentially the
same data, such a position has been attacked. To-day we know far
less about the seal, but it is a safe proposition to argue in favor of
perpetuating, as far as possible, those fully developed males that are
able to protect their harems.
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
7
IDLE BULLS.
These animals are victims of circumstances. Owing usually to
an unfavorable location, they have failed to secure harems, though
they are as physically able to control them as any of their class.
Furthermore, the term “idle” is a misnomer, for no one who has
watched them on the rookeries would ever accuse them of being
sluggish. On the other hand, they are aggressive in the extreme,
and especially during the height of the season engage in frequent
quarrels with the harem masters, from whom they usually pilfer a
small number of cows before the close of the season.
It can not well be doubted that an excess of this class of animals
is more or less of a menace to the normal, or at all events what appears
to be the most successful, type of seal existence. Claims have been
made to the effect that for untold ages the seal has fought the battle
of life successfully and that in the present time the hand of man is
not required to control his destinies. The first part of this statement
is undeniably correct, but the last is open to criticism, for it assumes
that the seal is to-day leading a normal existence. Unfortunately
this is not true, for we know that the number of breeding cows is
becoming alarmingly reduced. In the open Pacific the number of
captured males and females may be approximately" equal, but the
Bering Sea catch, as past records show, contains from 70 to 80 per
cent of females. Since, on the average, there is 1 male to every 30
cows in the harem, there must inevitably" result an excess of males,
an unnatural state of affairs, and the belief that in cutting down this
excess we are conferring a benefit appears to rest on a firm founda¬
tion.
This season the number of idle bulls was 221, not so great a number
but that they were kept at bay until the disintegration of the harems
had commenced, when they usually became the possessors of a small
number of cows.
YOUNG BULLS.
Young bulls, otherwise known on the islands as “quitters”, are
usually 6 or 7 years old, and at the approach of man retire. They
frequently haul out with the bachelors or form a shifting fringe about
the group of breeding seals. In rare cases they controlled harems,
usually on the margins of the rookeries, and in a few cases were seen
in the act of copulation.
An accurate count of these animals was not made, unfortunately,
since a considerable number had hauled out with the bachelors and
could not be numbered without interfering with subsequent drives.
At the height of the season the number on the rookeries was 184,
and at various times 386 in all were included in the drives. Some
were doubtless driven more than once, but it seems certain that the
8
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
actual number was at least 200, giving a total of 384. As the average
life of the male is 13 years, of which 5 are spent as harem master,
the decrease annually of the present active list is 276. It is appar¬
ent therefore that killing in the past has not been too close, and
that there is a sufficient reserve at the present time.
COUNTS OF IDLE AND YOUNG BULLS.
The following count of idle and young bulls was made at the time
the census of harems was taken. It was not possible without causing
undue disturbance to enumerate members of the latter class that had
hauled out with the bachelors on four important rookeries — Northeast
Point, Gorbatch, the Reef, and Tolstoi.
Counts of Idle and Young Bulls on St. Paul and St. George Islands, 1910.
Rookery.
Idle
bulls.
Young
bulls.
Paul Island:
Gorbatch .
12
17
1
28
17
Kitovi .
9
9
Lukanin .
5
11
Polovina .
5
12
Polovina Cliffs .
5
5
Little Polovina .
2
7
Morjovi .
1
1
Vostochni .
29
26
Zapadni .
22
13
Little Zapadni .
10
8
3
Tolstoi .
7
6
Rookery.
Idle
bulls.
Young
bulls.
St. Paul Island — Continued.
Tolstoi Cliffs .
5
1
3
Total .
144
136
St. George Island :
20
Zapadni .
19
17
Staraya Artel .
17
21
North .
21
10
Total .
77
48
Grand total .
221
184
BREEDING COWS.
While there is a steady increase in the number of cows hauling out
on any rookery for a month after the middle of June, a seagoing stream
soon makes its appearance, consisting of cows en route to the feeding
grounds after their pups are born. Hence at the “ height of the
season,” about the middle of July, the number of cov/s on the beach
is no true indication of the total number, nor does it always bear a
constant ratio to the whole. Under certain circumstances, possibly
due to climatic conditions, nearly the full complement may be present
at the height of the season, and again in other years not over 30 per
cent of the community may be on the rookery. It thus becomes
apparent that such counts, of varying character from season to season,
must be used with extreme caution, if at all, in estimating the entire
number of females on any rookery or the annual decline or increase.
As has been pointed out by others, vTe may arrive at an approximate
estimate only by a count of the pups, and under that heading an
attempt has been made to show that even here we must use the results
with the greatest care in making a census of the herd.
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910. 9
During the height of the season counts were made on the following
rookeries :
Counts of Cows on some St. Paul Rookeries during Height of Season,
1897, 1909, and 1910.
Rookery.
1897
1909o
1910
1,319
281
229
1,286
1,049
470
698
646
78
137
207
218
2,436
654
892
837
127
92
820
426
421
7,214
2,342
3,767
a Counts of Mr. George A. Clark.
COUNTS OF PUPS.
Owing to the fact that all the cows are never present on the rook¬
eries at a given time, it is obvious that the only approach to an accu¬
rate census of the breeding females is to be made by counting all the
pups on all the rookeries. Such a procedure is not only arduous but
wasteful, since the cows in early August, when the counting is usually
done, are readily driven into the sea and a portion must inevitably fall
a prey to the pelagic sealer. Accordingly it was the custom, for
several years prior to 1906, to count the pups on a number of rookeries,
and with such data estimate the entire herd. In more recent times
the number’ of such pup counts has become gradually lessened until
this year Kitovi was the only rooker}^ examined, with the following
result: Total number of pups, 1,966; dead, 62.
The implication that Kitovi is a typical average rookery must rest
upon the assumption that it stands between those in which the decline
is great and those in which it is at a minimum. As a matter of fact, an
examination of the counts of Kitovi during the past four years shows
that in reality it has been remarkably constant so far as the cows are
concerned. Commencing with 1907 the number of pups each year is
1,959, 1,960, 1,979, and this year there are 1,966.
Last year there were 55 active bulls on Kitovi and 1,979 pups; this
year there are 62 bulls and 1,966 pups. The average harem last year
was 36; this year, 31.7 ; a difference due almost wholly to the increased
number of active bulls. And, furthermore, this slight difference is of
far-reaching importance when we come to consider the application of
these data to the estimate of the entire herd. With 1,381 harems,
each numbering 36 cows, the estimate would be 49,716; if each com¬
prised 31.7 cows there are then 43,777 in the breeding herd, a differ¬
ence of 5,939, or 11,878 when the pups are included in the count, due
solely to the presence of 7 active, extra bulls.
10
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
Then, again, on the other rookeries an increase or decrease in the
number of active males produces a corresponding rise or fall in the
estimated number of cows. For example, on Vostochni there may
be 6,500 cows and 200 active bulls. If 20 idle bulls, before the height
of the season, secure 1 cow apiece, they enter the active list, and
there are then 220 harems. As the average harem is 31.7, this
increase affects the estimate to the extent of a gain of 634* cows,
though in reality the number of cows has remained constant. At
present this gain or loss in the active bull list outside of Kitovi is of
relative unimportance, but it is conceivable that under certain cir¬
cumstances it may assume a more prominent role.
I have in mind the fact that in treating this phase of the problem
we are, after all, dealing in generalities, but the results may become
so general that they have little actual value. In my opinion it is
highly desirable that a pup count on all of the rookeries be made
during August, or even early in September, in stress of weather, or
possibly after the sealing fleet has left Bering Sea; and again a
similar survey should be made five years later, when the typical
rookery could be determined and questions relating to the increase
or decrease of the herd be settled beyond a reasonable doubt.
ESTIMATES OF COWS AND PUPS.
Assuming that the average harem comprises 31.7 cows, the total
number in the entire seal herd is computed in the following table:
Computation op Cows and Pups on St. Paul and St. George Islands, 1897,
1909, and 1910.
Rookery.
1897
1909 a
St. Paul Island:
Gorbatch .
Ardiguen .
Reef .
Sea Lion Rock.
Kitovi .
Lukanin .
Polovina .
Polovina Cliffs.
Little Polovina.
Morjovi .
Zapadni .
Vostochni .
Little Zapadni.
Zapadni Reef...
Tolstoi .
9,086
736
13,393
3,009
5,289
4,100
4, 218
2,200
1,180
6,873
13,511
26, 845
5,192
3,041
8,702
4,320
355
6,624
2, 196 b
1,979
1,404
1,512
828
684
1,620
5,292
6,624
2, 232
319
3, 132
1910
Rookery.
1897
1909 a
1910
3,551
St. Paul Island — Contd.
Tolstoi Cliffs .
2,891
1,452
888
349
Lagoon .
2,598
693
285
6, 530
1,934
Total .
112,023
11.266
35.502
1,966
1,299
1,585
St. George Island:
Little East .
1,190
144
127
634
East .
3,776
2,340
1,870
380
Zapadni .
3,923
1,548
1.490
1,490
Staraya Artel .
1,681
1,512
1,522
3,740
North .
5,782
3,816
3,266
6, 467
1,711
Total .
16, 342
9,360
8.275
222
2,471
Grand total .
128, 365
50,626
43,777
a Estimates of Mr. George A. Clark.
b Estimated.
In the above census it is to be remembered that the totals apply
to cows and pups and that both together number 87,554 in 1910.
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
11
YEARLINGS AND 2-YEAR-OLDS.
Of the various computations necessary to arrive at an estimate of
the entire seal herd those concerned with the 2-year-olds and year¬
lings are the least satisfactory. And yet by restricting the quota of
skins taken to 3-year-olds we could in a relatively short period arrive
at a fairly close approximation, and at the same time settle other
vexed questions that are in need of solution. At the present time
we are compelled to base our estimates largely on the quota and those
males dismissed from the killing grounds.
In the quota this year 10,210 skins weighed less than 7 pounds
each, and 2,603 males were dismissed from the drives because they
were undersized. Some of the latter were doubtless driven more than
once, but even so it is probable that the number was not less than
1,800. Besides these, 337 2-year-olds were branded early in the
season. This accounts for 12,347. That there are yet others is evi¬
denced by the fact that fully 700 bachelors of killable size appeared
on the hauling grounds of both islands in early August after the
killing season, in addition to which there were probably other young
animals in considerable numbers, though how many is uncertain.
And it is probable, also, that some were at sea, but here again we have
no exact information. A conservative estimate of 2-year-old males
is therefore 13,000, which is also the number of virgin 2-year-old
females that during the late summer arrived at the rookeries.
It appears to be the general belief that in 1909 there ‘were 12,000
yearlings of each sex, and judging from estimates based on. pup
counts and the quota, the herd appears to have been stationary for
the past three or four years. Hence we might suppose that the num¬
ber of yearlings for this year is approximately the same as last.
However, it is possible that the estimates based largely on Kitovi are
misleading and that the quota was maintained by closer and closer
killing. Future observations alone will settle this question. In
order to be on the safe side we may assume that a shrinkage of 10
per cent has taken place and that accordingly the number of year¬
lings of each sex for the year 1910 is 10,800.
THE RESERVE.
For six years prior to 1910 two thousand 2 and 3 year old males
were reserved annually, but as the brand, made by clipping the hair
on the head, was not permanent, we have no means of knowing how
many of these were subsequently killed. If 1,000 were actually
exempted each year and there is an annual mortality of 10 per cent
there should be between 500 and 600 this year remaining of the
reserve of 1905. And if the decline of the present number of active
bulls is approximately 300 there should this year be an increase of
12
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
over 200. As a matter of fact there is a slight decline, so that it
appears that males exempted one year were killed the next. In
reality, if we may judge from the records of past years, there is no
necessity of reserving annually a number greater than one-half of the
total number of active bulls, but these should be chosen from the class
that will be wigged next year, or branded with a permanent mark.
This year 1,271 males were set aside as a reserve. V ery nearly 1 ,000
4-year-olds and older were dismissed from the drives. Some of these
were doubtless driven more than once, but it is assuredly safe to
conclude that 600 were actually present. In addition there were
others on the water front and in the water to the number of at least
100, and finally there were 605 idle and half bulls. This gives a
total of 2,576, a number considerably in excess of the requirements.
ESTIMATE OF ALL CLASSES.
The following is an itemized estimated census of the seals forming
the herd hi 1910:
Estimated Census of Seal Herd in 1910.
Active bulls .
Breeding cows. . .
Pups .
Idle bulls .
Young bulls .
Bachelor reserve.
2-year males .
2-year females...
Yearling males. .
Yearling females.
Quota killed....
Total .
Class.
1910
1,381
43,777
43,777
221
384
1,971
5,500
13,000
10,800
10,800
13,584
145, 195
According to this estimate and Mr. Clark’s estimate of 158,488
for 1909, the herd has diminished by 13,293 within the past year.
Whether this is a just conclusion must be decided by computations
to be made during the next few years. Accuracy is impossible so
long as the present methods are employed. During late years it has
been assumed that the error is not greater than 12 per cent, and this
is probably a fair conclusion. Last year the herd numbered be¬
tween 150,000 and 160,000; this year it seems to fall between 140,000
and 150,000.
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
13
THE QUOTA.
In 1897 it was estimated that the ratio of bachelors to the entire
herd was 1:20; this year it is approximately 1:10. The conditions
that have brought about this change are matters largely of conjecture,
for our knowledge of the seal is too imperfect to warrant a satisfac¬
tory explanation. It is reasonably certain that the mortality among
pups is less than formerly and, as Mr. Lembkey states in his report
of 1909, this would insure a proportionately larger return of yearlings,
males and females, and subsequently of breeding cows, both of which
are factors tending to the increase of bachelors. Then again the
death rate of the young, estimated to be 50 per cent during the first
year, may have been excessive and the proportion of bachelors to the
the entire herd may have been greater than was estimated in 1897.
But even if these problems were solved to our complete satisfaction
they do not bear directly on the question of the conservation of the
herd. As noted in another paragraph, the essential point to be set¬
tled is regarding the reserve. If it is sufficient to supply the requisite
number of males, as the active ones disappear, then it appears to be
the best policy to kill those remaining. The herd is declining or at
best stationary. The pelagic sealer is hovering about the islands
and close killing diminishes his catch. That the quota should con¬
sist of the skins of 3-year-olds is obviously the most economical plan,
but from a purely zoological standpoint this is a matter of detail and
relatively unimportant.
This year 10,749 skins were taken on St. Paul and 2,834 on St.
George, a total of 13,583, or 785 less than in 1909. The weights of
these, together with data relating to the drives and numbers dis¬
missed, are given in the report of the agent in charge.
CONSERVATION AND SOME INVOLVED PROBLEMS.
It has been seen from the foregoing paragraphs that the number
of males for breeding purposes is sufficient, and this has been so for
many years. On the other hand the number of females has been
decreasing steadily, and there is no question but that the pelagic
sealer is, and has been, an important factor in producing this decline.
Furthermore, another fact is evident, that with the conservation of
the females on land and the setting aside annually of a sufficient
male reserve no additional care will add one jot or tittle to the number
of cows. It is perfectly true that the elements involved in the prob¬
lem of the male reserve are intricate and some are not clearly under¬
stood, but in the last analysis the important question to be answered
is this: Is there a sufficient number of males to take the place of those
active on the rookeries ? and every year the answer has been in the
affirmative. On land, killing may be close, and skins below the
59395°— 11 - 24
J4 ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES) 1910.
maximum value may be taken, but if the females are protected and
the male reserve be adequate other questions sink into a position of
relative unimportance as the seal problem now presents itself.
The foregoing paragraph is written from a purel}7- biological stand¬
point, having in mind only the conservation of the herd, but there
are other questions of a more practical bearing that should be settled
before the sealing business can be conducted on the most economical
basis. In the first place it is highly desirable that the number of
pups born annually be more accurately determined, reducing the
possible error below 10,000, where it stands at present. In 1896 the
error was estimated to be about 6 per cent, but last year and this it
is probably twice as great. With the herd approaching the vanishing
point accuracy is more than ever a desideratum and should be had
even at the cost of an unusual amount of labor.
Again, we have no information, within narrow limits, of the number
of males or females returning at the close of the first year, or if this
be beyond computation, then of the number returning the second or
even the third year. This, as the sexes are of approximately equal
numbers, will give more nearly than any other practicable method
the number of females taking their places on the rookeries. Beyond
this time observations should be made to determine the number of
reserved 3-year-olds that appear the next year, and finally the
percentage that ultimately becomes active on the rookeries. From
such observations the reserve of males may ultimately be made with
an accurate knowledge of facts, and not with such hazy ideas as we
have at present.
It is highly desirable that the quota be taken from the males in
prime condition, and I heartily agree with Mr. Lembkey and Mr. G. A.
Clark, who argue in their reports of 1909 for the killing of 3-year-olds.
I am by no means convinced that even by the branding of every
pup, and so destroying the fur to some extent, we can, by this means
ajone, reduce the value of the skin to such a degree that the pelagic
sealer will be forced out of business. It may indeed be a fact, but
the brands made in the past were in some cases fatal and are sup¬
posedly about all that the young seal is able to survive, and yet not
over one-tenth or at most one-eighth of the fur is destroyed. The
resulting depreciation of value will probably not amount to more
than $10, and two San Francisco furriers place it as low as $5. The
price of skins is gradually advancing and on the other hand we do
not know what returns will pay the schooner owners to keep a ship in
the sea. The crew, averaging 35, receives $5 per man each month
(Captain Quinan of the revenue cutter Tahoma says $2.50) and 12^
cents goes to each man for every skin taken by his particular row¬
boat. Let us suppose each schooner is out six months, and, judging
from past records, 8,000 skins, will be taken this year, or 320 per
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
15
schooner. If the price per skin were only .$15 ($30 was the price
they received last year) $4,800 would certainly be a paying invest¬
ment.
On the other hand there is another factor making toward the
reduction of the sealing fleet which, together with the partial destruc¬
tion of the skins through branding, may possibly put the pelagic
sealer out of business or, more probably, so limit the number of
vessels that an equilibrium of the seal herd may become a fixed
feature. This element is competition. With 25 schooners in the
sea, rivalry must this year have been very keen, and with a diminish¬
ing herd some competitors must sooner or later leave the field. Any
depreciation in the value of skins must hasten the desirable result,
provided — and here an unknown factor enters — that the price of
skins does not advance. But with the decline of the number of
skins it is probable that prices will advance, and it appears very
questionable whether branding and competition will drive away all
of the pelagic fleet for many years to come. It may, however, make
it possible for the herd to remain practically stationary until some
form of treaty insures more perfect conservation.
The branding process may be made to include the male pups, but
as the pelagic sealer secures but few bachelors this would greatly
destroy the value of the land catch without giving adequate returns.
It is possible that the males dismissed from the drives might be
penned up for a month or so, but unfortunately I can not speak with
authority regarding this plan, that was once put into execution several
years ago. Some advocates claim that it is entirely possible; that
after a few days the captives show no signs of restlessness in their
unnatural surroundings. Others are equally certain that the experi¬
ment was not a success, as several of the larger animals broke through
the barriers and some less fortunate became restless in the extreme
and finally died of exhaustion. Furthermore, it is reported the
bachelors ordinarily put to sea from time to time in search of food,
and it is difficult to. see how food would be forthcoming even if they
desisted from their attempts to escape. The fact that placing animals
in captivity would prevent redriving does not appear in itself to be
sufficient reason for carrying out the plan. If by these schemes we
hope to drive the pelagic sealer from his elected calling then it
seems to me they will not succeed, but that they may increase the
value of the land catch is possible.
THE QUESTION OF AN EQUILIBRIUM OF THE HERD.
The question of an equilibrium of the herd is one of very high im¬
portance. In 1897 the Fur Seal Commission agreed that such a
state of affairs would ultimately occur, and in 1909 Mr. G. A. Clark
argues in favor of the possibility that there is now an equilibrium.
16
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
Unfortunately, in the present year a sufficiently large pup count was
not made whereby to settle the question. The estimated decline may
be approximately correct or it may be due to the methods of taking
the census. If an equilibrium does exist it means that if the number
of guards stationed on the islands is sufficient to prevent poaching
the entire land catch may amount annually to something in the
neighborhood of 10,000 skins and the herd would be in no danger of
extinction. If instead of allowing matters to rest as they are the
Government orders the branding of female pups, then some of the
pelagic sealers may be compelled to abandon their calling, and the
herd would probably increase, but there is nothing to prevent the
return of the entire sealing fleet when the herd is larger and a profit¬
able catch may be made even though each skin is much reduced in
value.
As matters appear there is one way only whereby the pelagic
sealer may be driven away entirely, and that is by the further reduc¬
tion of the seal herd. This is at best a cold-blooded proposition and
wall probably not meet with general approval, but there seems to be
no other way to destroy the activity of the fleet.
The question now stands, Shall the pelagic sealer be driven from
the sea and the financial gain from the then highly diminished herd
be reduced to a minimum, or is it better policy to place the business
more nearly on a paying basis though the pelagic sealer share in the
returns ? Until pelagic sealing is discontinued by an agreement with
the countries concerned the revenue fleet must be kept about the
islands, under any circumstances the natives must be cared for, and
in various ways a heavy financial outlay must be made annually.
Personally I favor the latter plan, reaping as large a harvest as is
compatible with the conservation of the herd and at the same time
leaving as little as possible to those on the high seas.
THE PATROL AND PELAGIC SEALING.
The revenue fleet maintained throughout the season of 1910
a most thoroughgoing and careful patrol about the islands, where
reefs, and shifty currents, and impenetrable fogs are of the most
treacherous character. Three cutters, the Tahoma, Capt. Quinan,
commanding; the Manning, Capt. Cardin; and the Perry, Capt.
Haake, constituted the fleet, with Capt. Foley at Unalaska in com¬
mand. Prior to July 26 each vessel remained 12 days in the vicinity
of St. Paul, and after 5 days returned from coaling at Unalaska. On
the date named the Perry, during a dense fog, went ashore at Rocky
Point on St. Paul and was never floated. The duties of the remaining
vessels became correspondingly increased, but so far as known no
schooner pushed inside of the 3-mile zone after this accident, and
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
17
generally speaking the infractions of the law throughout the season
were of minor importance.
Pelagic sealing, on the part of the Japanese, continued with
unabated vigor. During this season 25 vessels were reported, 7 more
than in 1909, and the reports in Capt. Foley’s office in Unalaska show
that each schooner carried approximately 25 to 40 men and from
5 to 10 boats. Furthermore, several of these ships cleared from
Japan early in the year, and, arriving at various points from Cali¬
fornia to Sitka, followed the herd to the breeding grounds in Bering
Sea. In the vicinity of St. Paul Island, none ventured, so far as
known, within the 3-mile zone, but in one or two instances violations
were reported by the natives on St. George, where the revenue-cutter
patrol is far less vigilant. On June 28 the Tokai Maru was seized
and fined for violation of the alien fishing law, and on July 25 the
Toro Maru was seized and fined for violation of the custom laws
(section 2773 of the Revised Statutes). On July 18 two row boats
were sighted in the vicinity of Zapadni, on St. George, so close to
shore that one was seen to contain at least one unskinned seal.
And again during foggy weather on July 30 two boats’ crews from
the schooner Hoko Maru landed at Northeast Point and Lukanin,
respectively, and the next day 4 sailors from the Toro Maru were
captured en route to Zapadni. Though pleading stress of weather,
all were taken into custody and were subsequently tried in Unalaska.
Generally speaking, the fleet operated to the east and north of St.
Paul, presumably in the path of the seals leaving the Reef, Kitovi,
Lukanin, the Polovinas, and Northeast Point. On July 10 the steamer
Homer reported at least a dozen schooners with their attendant
boats, which had formed a great circle between St. Paul and St.
George and were slaughtering the seals compelled to cross the line
of fire at two points. Although the nearest of these vessels was at
least 8 miles from the shores of St. Paul, the reports of the shotguns
could be heard distinctly on land, and a count I made on that day
from 11.20 to 11.50 a. m. showed that 228 shots were fired, an average
of 7.6 per minute.
In this connection it may be mentioned that on certain days,
owing to meteorological conditions, sounds travel amazing distances.
According to Capt. Quinan, shots were heard one day in July seem¬
ingly well within the 3-mile zone, but with the lifting of the fog the
nearest boat was fully 7 miles distant. Somewhat later in the month
a fusilade was distinctly heard on St. Paul, but with the clearing
away of the mists not a single boat could be detected even with
powerful glasses used from the top of a 70-foot hill. It thus becomes
apparent that alleged transgressions, based on this species of evi¬
dence alone, are far from being trustworthy.
18
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
To an outsider the practice of having Japanese stewards aboard
the cutters is not above criticism. They must inevitably come into
possession of valuable information that may be of service to Japanese
prisoners, for whom they act as interpreters, if I am informed cor¬
rectly. Furthermore, the Japanese detained for 10 days on St. Paul
this year were in constant communication with the natives of the
village, and it was no fault of theirs if they did not learn more of the
island than is disclosed by the chart. One has a certain amount of
sympathy for the pelagic sealer, who receives a mere pittance for his
services and is the only sufferer when his boat is captured; but his
imprisonment is not a serious hardship, especially if he be allowed
to work on the coal pile at $2 per day and is ultimately sent back to
Japan.
These are, after all, matters of comparative unimportance. The
arrest, and even the severe punishment, of such offenders do
not seriously interfere with the activities of the schooners and their
owners. Such devices as branding to partially destroy the value of
the skins, and of penning up male seals released from the drives, are
not complete preventives, so that until an agreement is consummated
the international struggle between watcher and watched must forever
go on with all of the attendant aggravating features. It is possible
that the herd is not in a state of equilibrium, but is actually dimin¬
ishing. If this continue the hunter on the high seas must ultimately
vanish from the scene of his pernicious activity; but is the Govern¬
ment of the United States compelled to place the seal herd on the
altar of sacrifice in order to bring about this desired result ?
If this, indeed, be true then we must decide, and that right early,
whether this be a lesser evil than the other, hypothetical to a certain
degree, of branding the females, which form the greater portion of
the pelagic catch, and by the depreciation of their skins, making it
necessary for a greater number than at present to be taken with
profit by the pelagic sealer. At the same time this would render
it possible for an increased number of cows to escape and breed on
the rookeries, and so add materially to the bachelor herd and conse¬
quently to the land catch.
THE PELAGIC CATCH.
Regarding the pelagic catch of this year, our evidence must rest
upon a very slender reed — the reports of the Japanese themselves.
According to these, 4,213 skins were taken prior to August 15, of
which 2,098 came from Bering Sea. Last year the reported Japanese
catch up to August 15 was 4,954 skins. As a matter of fact, it was
then probably twice as large, for the entire season’s catch, as reported
from the London market, was 10,561 skins. This year it is safe to
predict that there will be at least 8,000.
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
19
COWS IN DRIVES.
During the killing season proper, closing August 1, the discipline
maintained by the active bulls on the rookeries was very strict, and
accordingly a very insignificant number of cows made their way into
the neighborhood of the bachelors and were driven to the sealing
grounds. Such as did so, of course, were subsequently released.
During a food drive on August 10, when the harems had commenced
to disintegrate, several cows appeared in the drive, but I was unable
to find a single one among the dead on the killing grounds. Doubt¬
less females may occasionally be clubbed accidentally, but this year
I can testify that the greatest care was exercised, and I know of no
occurrences of the kind.
FEEDING OF PUPS.
For various reasons, up to the time of my departure from the
islands, no attempt was made to raise pups. The pair handled
successfully by Boatswain Thurber had shed the first coat and were
fully 3 months old; he was unsuccessful with the young, black
pups. These last named may possibly be reared if food of the proper
character be fed, but at the present time we are ignorant of the com¬
position of seal’s milk. In any event one must have not only a
large store of patience but an abundance of tinie, and whatever
may be said regarding the first requisite the latter is not forth¬
coming during the summer, when one is concerned with numerous
other matters pertaining to the herd in general and must leave the
islands in August.
CAUSES OF DEATH.
Under normal circumstances the life of the seal of either sex is
probably from 12 to 13 years. Since the bulls are active for not
more than five seasons, one-fifth of the active list dies each year,
and as the cows are believed to breed during ten seasons one-tenth
of their number disappears annually.
Judging from the reports of former years the season of 1910 was
one of comparative quiet. No fatalities due to fighting were noted
among the bulls, and only one cow was discovered whose death may
be attributed to rough handling on the part of a bull.
On the killing grounds between 20 and 30 bachelors were found
with from one to three buckshot imbedded in various parts of the
body. Some of the resulting wounds were severe, but no deaths
were directly traced to this cause.
In earlier times the ravages of the parasitic worm, Uncinaria, were
especially noticeable on the Tolstoi sand flat and portions of Zapadni,
but in recent years, due to the shrinkage of the herd, these areas
have been abandoned. Very few cases were noted by Dr. Chichester
20
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
in 1909, and not one was detected this year. The dead pups dis¬
sected showed no lesions whatever, their emaciated appearance and
fimpty alimentary canal indicating death from starvation.
AGES OF SEALS.
Last year 34 branded cows that had been marked as pups not
later than 1902 were observed on the rookeries. This year 11 were
seen prior to August 1, but during this time there is little opportunity
to examine the cows critically, and later in the season such an exami¬
nation would produce an unwarrantable disturbance on the rookeries.
However, the fact is established that there are branded cows in
existence, and the time of their disappearance and their possible
age may be decided at a later date. It is interesting to note that two
cows on St. George bore the T brand of 1899.
Practically every active bull on both islands was examined critically,
but not a single brand was seen and none was reported by the gov¬
ernment agents or the natives. The branded bull on Kitovi, which
last year completed his fifth season, has disappeared. Another
bull, blind in one eye, occupied a site on Kitovi for the third season.
In other years bulls with scars or other distinguishable marks have
been seen at various stations, but these have rarely continued on the
active list for more than three or four seasons. It is therefore an
established fact that under ordinary circumstances the male becomes
active at 8 years of age and lives three or. four years thereafter.
The age of the female is not known with the same degree of certainty,
but it is commonly believed that she lives to the same age.
APPENDIX— EXTRACT FROM FIELD NOTES.
Beginning early in August, the harems begin to show signs of
disorganization; the majority of the cows have been served and are
free to come or go without serious let or hindrance; the idle and half
bulls roam about at will and the breeding season thus passes into its
last stage. From this time on observations producing no unwonted
disturbance are to be made only from some place of concealment,
such as are supplied by the cliffs of Ardiguen or Lukanin. To these
two spots I repaired practically every day in August, and for varying
lengths of time watched the life of the seal herd. It is unnecessary to
detail observations that have already been recorded by several stu¬
dents of the subject, but I may voice again the general verdict that
such a show of mammalian life is to be met with nowhere else on the
face of the earth, ‘and from several points of view it would indeed be
a calamity if the seal meets the fate of the manatee, the sea otter, or
the buffalo.
Concerning other life on the islands, much has been said and much
remains to be investigated. For many years the bird life has received
the attention of the ornithologist and the more important phases of
the problems involved have probably been settled; yet there are
other matters of minor detail relating to stray migrants, nest mate¬
rials, and construction and feeding that well deserve attention.
The insects of the islands are numerous and of all the animals or
plants doubtless afford some of the most important and interesting
problems, if not the very greatest, of purely scientific character re¬
maining to be solved. Owing to the brevity of the summer season,
some of the stages in the life history are completed in a surprisingly
short space of time, and a comparison of the life histories of related
insects in adjoining regions would be interesting to say the least.
Furthermore, the conditions under which they survive the winter
will also be an interesting chapter in the life of the island organisms.
The flowering plants have been the subject of much study, and it
is doubtful if many novelties will be recorded in the future. To a less
extent this is true of the lichens, but there are unquestionably small
species that have escaped detection; and again there are modifica¬
tions due to habitat that make it altogether possible that superficially
similar forms may in reality be distinct species. Among the fungi
there are certainly new forms. On some of the upland slopes in the
early season I have found species that do not correspond to any
described in the reports of the region.
21
22
ALASKA FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES, 1910.
It is highly desirable that a museum be installed on the islands,
containing, so far as is practicable, specimens of all the animals and
plants. And equally desirable is a library, comprising all works that
in any way are concerned with the biology of the country.
Finally, one word relating to the natives. Considering their ante¬
cedents, and especially their former mode of life and lack of advan¬
tages, these people have made truly remarkable strides, and yet there
is obviously room for improvement. By nature conservative, they
are somewhat nonplastic, but at heart they are anxious to better their
condition, and they do respond with comparative readiness to all
uplifting influences. In matters relating to personal hygiene there is
much to be desired, and, improved, their span of life will doubtless
be lengthened to a very noticeable degree. And, again, it is highly
desirable that during the long and confining winter both the men and
women have something to occupy their time — something profitable
and yet agreeable, and if possible with a resulting value in some
larger community. It is difficult to decide what is best. Numerous
plans have suggested themselves, but none of them are free from cer¬
tain inherent difficulties, and I earnestly hope that those more com¬
petent may give the subject their serious consideration, for certainly
this species of missionary work carries a rich reward.
In addition to the questions here outlined are others of deep import.
Years ago Darwin called attention to the remarkable similarity of
the animals on the Galapagos Islands to those on the western
slope of South America, and on the basis of this likeness formulated
his theory of evolution. Doubtless on the Pribilof Islands the same
conditions exist when compared with others of the mainland. Exten¬
sive breeding experiments are being carried on in several sections of
our country, but it is by no means certain that new species are cre¬
ated in the period measured by a man’s life or even in a hundred
years. On the islands, however, in a normal habitat, evolutionary
agencies have doubtless made their influence felt, even though the
islands are geologically young. It seems therefore wise to make
extensive collections of the island fauna and flora, to study these
critically, and, finally, to compare them with related species on the
mainland. These results might be very interesting when considered
in connection with the newly formed island of Bogoslof. On this
body of land, forced above the sea within the memory of man, we
already find plants thriving, and there are doubtless animals on the
land or along the shore. Even if there are no visible differences
between organisms on this island and those of the Aleutian chain,
we may gain some insight into the means whereby their transporta¬
tion has been accomplished, and if collections and careful notes
are kept in the near future the evolutionary side of the subjects may
be studied sometime in the years to come.
THE FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910
By Walter L Lembkey
Agent in Charge
Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 749
1
CONTENTS
* Page.
The new administration . 3
Increased scope of agents’ duty . 3
Hire of vessel and purchase and transportation of supplies . 4
Employees . 5
Transfer of lessee’s property . 6
Natives’ affairs . 8
Supply depot . 9
Bank accounts . 10
Resources of natives . . . 11
Census of inhabitants . 12
Management of seal herd . 12
Marking of bachelors . 12
Statistics of killing . 14
Skins shipped . 14
Record of drives . 15
Weights of skins taken . 19
Enumeration of breeding herd . 21
Counts of harems . 21
Counts of pups . 23
Number of breeding dows . 23
Census of entire seal herd . 24
Estimate of half bulls . 24
Estimate of 2-year-olds . 24
Number of yearlings . 25
Number of 3-year-olds . 25
Summary of seal life in 1910 . 25
Pup-raising experiments . 26
Pelagic sealing . 28
Wreck of revenue-cutter Perry . 29
Foxes . 29
Conditions and trapping on St. George . 30
Trapping on St. Paul . 31
Recommendations . 31
Killing of bachelor seals . 31
Support of natives . 33
Scheme of compensation of natives . 36
Natives on the Aleutian Archipelago . 36
Manual training for natives . 39
Fire protection forPribilof Islands . 40
O
THE FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910
By Walter I. Lembkey,
Agent in charge.
THE NEW ADMINISTRATION.
With the passage of the act of April 21, 1910, the leasing system,
which since 1870 had required that the sealing right on the Pribilof
Islands be let in 20-year periods to the highest bidder, was abrogated.
This new law neither suspended the killing of seals on the islands
nor required it to be curtailed, but provided that such killing should
be done only by the authority of the Secretary of Commerce and
Labor through officers, agents, or employees of that Department,
the natives to be employed to perform the labor necessary to secure
the sealskins and to receive fair compensation for their labor. So
also the sealskins taken under the authority and by the persons
already mentioned should be sold by the Secretary to the best advan¬
tage of the Government.
By this act the Secretary of Commerce and Labor was given
authority also to appoint such additional officers, agents, and em¬
ployees as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of the act;
to purchase at a fair valuation the plant of the former lessee on the
islands; to establish and maintain supply depots on the Pribilof
Islands; to provide for the transportation of supplies by the charter
of vessels; and, finally, to furnish food, fuel, clothing, and other
necessaries of life to the natives of the Pribilof Islands, and to pro¬
vide for their comfort, maintenance, education, and protection.
INCREASED SCOPE OF AGENTS’ DUTY.
This act placed upon the Department heavy responsibilities which
hitherto had been borne by the lessee. The business of killing seals
and curing the skins, the mercantile business with a stock of approxi¬
mately $40,000 worth of goods, and, in short, all other practical
affairs, were required to be actively managed by the Department
agents, who previously had occupied the virtual status of inspectors
of the lessee’s operations, in addition to the duty of examination of
the seal herd and the administration of the natives’ affairs.
The act mentioned had not been approved by the President before
those charged with the management of the seal fisheries were giving
their attention to the working out of the details under the new con-
3
4
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
ditions. On May 9 the annual instructions to the agent in charge
were signed; shortly afterwards $2,000 in cash was advanced to the
agent to pay for labor on the islands other than that of killing seals,
bonds being given by himself and assistant agents to insure the
proper handling of this fund and the faithful performance of duties
in general. On May 17 the agent in charge left Washington to begin
the preparations for carrying out the requirements of the act of April
21, 1910.
HIRE OF VESSEL AND PURCHASE AND TRANSPORTATION OF SUPPLIES.
On May 21 the agent arrived in San Francisco and on the 26th a
charter for the steamer Homer at $142.50 per diem was signed, sub¬
ject to the approval of the Department of Commerce and Labor.
This vessel was delivered under the charter June 1, and was sent first
to the coal bunkers to receive her fuel and cargo coal and thence to
the covered dock of the Cosmos Line to receive freight.
After the charter of the Homer was completed, the purchase of
supplies for the natives and the islands in general was next to be
taken up. ' It was found at once that the best prices on the goods
required could not be obtained without inviting competitive bids;
consequently, with the assistance of the North American Commercial
Company, the retiring lessee, which placed its annual requisitions
at the Department’s disposal, schedules of the principal classes of
merchandise were prepared in triplicate and presented to three of
the largest mercantile firms in the several lines of business, with the
request that each submit a bid in writing. All merchandise, with
the exception of small articles of miscellaneous classification, was
thus purchased from the lowest bidder, after a careful inspection of
the goods to determine whether the quality as well as the price was
satisfactory.
It was necessary to visit in person the place of business of each
firm to solicit these bids; to go again to make purchases, and again
to deliver the vouchers in payment of the articles purchased. With
this and the attendant clerical work, it is considered that no time
was wasted in the preparations incident to the sailing of the supply
ship for the islands.
During the period from June 1 to 10, the supplies were purchased
and the vessel loaded. On June 11 the Homer sailed from San
Francisco, arriving at Dutch Harbor June 24. Coaling there, she
proceeded to the islands, arriving at St. George June 27 and St.
Paul June 29. Having discharged all freight, she left on July 1
for Dutch Harbor to load coal for the natives’ use. Delivering this
coal on July 7-11, she returned to San Francisco July 23.
Taking on another cargo of merchandise, together with coal enough
for the round trip to the islands, the Homer again left San Francisco
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
5
August 6, arriving at Dutch Harbor August 21, at St. George the 23d,
and St. Paul the 24th. Having received the sealskins aboard, she
left St. Paul August 28 and arrived back at San Francisco Septem¬
ber 12.
The sealskins were taken at once to Oakland Long Wharf, where,
carefully packed in casks and placed in ventilated freight cars, they
left on the night of September 14 for New York and thence were
shipped to London to be sold at public auction.
EMPLOYEES.
It has already been stated that during the continuance of the leases
of the two companies the Government agents on the islands were
not concerned with the active management of business, but acted with
regard to it merely as inspectors. This does not refer to the supervision
of the natives’ affairs, the management of which was never the subject
of concern by any of the lessee’s employees. Under these circum¬
stances the services of the four agents were ample to oversee properly
the operations of the lessee and to perform such duties as might be
required of the Government’s representatives. With the taking over,
however, of the business which heretofore formed the exclusive con¬
cern of the lessee, an increase in the number of the Government
employees on the islands became necessary.
Special biological study of the seal herd having been decided upon,
a naturalist was appointed for this work, Dr. Harold Heath, of
Stanford University, accepting the position until permanent arrange¬
ments could be made. The selection of the additional employees and
the assignment of their duties were left to the agent. Of the force
required, it was considered advisable to retain as many of the em¬
ployees of the late lessee as could be used, as these men were efficient,
skilled in their duties, and required no instruction other than that
necessary to acquaint them with new conditions.
During the summer the force of employees on the islands, in
addition to the agents and the naturalist, was as follows:
Name.
Position.
Period.
Annual
salary.
On St. Paul Island:
•SI. soo
1,200
1.200
720
II. C. Mills .
300
240
Do .
180
On St. George Island:
Until fall .
1,200
1,200
900
720
300
240
Do . .' .
180
6
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IK 1910.
Mr. Proctor assumed his duties with the idea of serving during
the winter on St. Paul. Subsequently, by an order of Secretary
Nagel, made during the Secretary’s visit to St. Paul, Mr. Proctor
was transferred to St. George as acting assistant agent, in place of
Assistant Agent Clark, who returned to the Department. Dr. Mills
served only during the summer, returning to his home at his own
request. The Chinese cooks on both islands were relieved at their
own request by others brought up from San Francisco. Assistant
Agents James Judge and E. W. Clark with Agent Lembkey returned
to the Department on the Homer.
Messrs. Murtha and Cunningham served only during the summer,
as was contemplated when they were first appointed. Dr. Pedro de
Figaniere was sent up by the Department to take the place of Dr.
Cunningham. Mr. Campbell was appointed by the Department.
All others were appointed provisionally from the force on the islands.
During the ensuing winter the force of employees on the two
islands will be as follows:
St. Paul: H. D. Chichester, assistant agent in charge; Walter L.
Hahn, naturalist; Norman P. Morgan, physician; S. Melovidof,
, school-teacher; a Chinese cook; and N. Bogadanof, stockman.
St. George: A. H. Proctor, acting assistant agent; P. de Figaniere,
physician; Ned B. Campbell, school-teacher; a Chinese cook; and
M. Lestenkof, stockman.
The respective assistant agents are performing their usual duties in
addition to those heretofore devolving upon the lessee’s agents. When
it is considered also that the office force of the lessee in San Fran¬
cisco, with over $20,000 in salaries, has been eliminated, it will be
seen that the island service, wdiile highly efficient, is conducted at a
minimum of expenditure. No increase in administrative force has
occurred. A bookkeeper, two physicians, and two school-teachers only
have been added, in addition to cooks and miscellaneous native help.
TRANSFER OF LESSEE’S PROPERTY.
By a letter dated May 7, 1910, from the Commissioner of Fisheries,
the agent was directed to confer with the North American Commercial
Company and if possible to arrive at a fair and just valuation to be
placed upon the property of that company on the Pribilof Islands,
with a view to purchase by the Government.
Two days after arrival at San Francisco a conference was had with
the company, at which a statement of the presumed value to the
Government of the company’s holdings on the islands was made.
After consideration of the question the company several days later
agreed to transfer the Pribilof Islands plant at the valuation proposed
at the previous conference.
Upon arrival at the islands an inventory as of June 30 was taken.
Later, the transaction having received the approval of Secretary
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
7
Nagel, who personally visitq^l the islands and inspected the plant,
vouchers were drawn to cover the various amounts shown on the
inventory according to the basis of settlement proposed and accepted,
and were transmitted to the Department for settlement.
A recapitulation of the inventories on the two islands, as taken on
June 30, 1910, with a memorandum of the basis of settlement, follows:
ST. PAUL ISLAND.
Company’s inventory.
Merchandise . $5,154.33
Tools and implements . 3, 522. 83
Drugs and instruments . 816. 63
Household f urniture . 2, 957. 22
Dispensary furniture . 159. 97
Boats and bidarras . 3, 835. 40
Telephone line . 367. 79
School supplies . 276. 29
Company buildings . 25,683.45
Native dwellings . 17,269.11
Sea-lion skins . 138. 00
Live stock . 967. 62
Salt and twine . 1,260.02
Fox skins (traps, etc) . 61.88
Library . 1,012.86
Wharf ways and derrick . 804. 63
Coal, 66 tons 1,339 pounds, at $20 . 1,331. 97
Settlement price.
San Francisco invoice cost . $5, 154. 33
50 per cent of inventory . 1,761.41
Inventory cost . 816. 63
25 per cent deducted from inventory . 2,217. 92
Do . 119.98
Launch . $2,000
Boat . 400
Do . 275
3 bidarras, at $175 each. . . . 525 3,200.00
Lump sum . 90. 00
Do . , . 257.00
50 per cent of inventory . 12, 841. 72
Do . 8,634.55
Inventory cost . 138. 00
Do . 967.62
Do . 1,260.02
Do . 61.88
Lump sum . 200. 00
50 per cent of inventory . 402. 31
Same, at $17 . 1,132.17
Total
65, 620. 00
Total
39,255.54
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
Merchandise . $6,352.03
Coal, 38 tons, at $20 . 760. 00
Dispensary . 718. 97
Live-stock account . 313. 72
Groceries, company house mess . 227.73
Salt and seal twine . 198. 10
Old salt . 9S. 87
Sea-lion skins . 85. 71
Boats and bidarras . 1, 215. 96
Company buildings . 11,604.04
Derrick and landing (including cars and
track) . 1,737.23
House and office furniture . 2, 043. 63
Library . 670. 64
Native dwellings . 6, 646. 96
Telephone . 297.25
Tools and implements . 1,164.47
Total . 34,135.31
San Francisco invoice cost . - . $6,352.00
Same, at $17 . , . 646.00
50 per cent of inventory . 359. 48
Inventory cost . 313. 72
San Francisco invoice cost . 227. 73
San Francisco invoice cost after inspec¬
tion . 198.10
Do . 98.87
Inventory cost . 85. 71
Lump sum . 700. 00
50 per cent . 5, 802. 02
Do . 868.61
25 per cent deduction . 1,532.72
Lump sum . 100. 00
50 per cent . . . 3,323.48
Do . 148.62
Do . 582.23
Total . 21,339.32
The foregoing lists represent a total valuation for both islands of
$60,568.17. Subsequent deductions because of errors in addition,
computation, etc., reduced this amount by $26.69. A final settle¬
ment was made by the Department for $60,541.48 and checks for
that amount were transmitted to the company.
With the exception of the buildings, practically everything on the
inventory represents new stock, purchased by the company during
its lease and not acquired from the former lessee. With regard to
the buildings it may be said that, although erected by the former
lessee, they have been kept from deterioration by constant repair
and could not be replaced for anything approaching the price
paid for them by the Government. On St. George the company’s
59395°— 11 - 25
8
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
dwelling house and warehouses were virtually rebuilt by the late lessee,
when also several new native dwellings were added. On St. Paul con¬
stant repairs were made to all the buildings during the period of the
lease, and the buildings not only are habitable but efficient. When
it is considered furthermore that only 50 per cent of the inventory
valuation was paid for these buildings, it may be seen that the price
was not excessive.
NATIVES’ AFFAIRS.
Upon the agents’ arrival at the islands considerable anxiety was
found to have existed in the minds of the natives and others as to
the time of arrival of the supply ship and the arrangements which
might be made for the conduct of affairs under the changed condi¬
tions. Through the revenue cutters which touched at the islands
previous to the arrival of the Homer , information had been received
of the assumption of active management by the Government, but no
intimation as to what efforts were being put forth by the Department
for taking charge of the practical affairs. This anxiety had been
heightened by the fact that the supply of some articles of necessity,
as food on St. Paul, had been almost consumed. In fact, to provide
against an imminent shortage it had become necessary in the early
part of June to obtain by the revenue cutter Manning a quantit}^ of
flour, biscuits, salt beef, and canned vegetables from Dutch Harbor.
In addition to this fear of impending famine, the natives had received
the impression that they would be obliged to labor for the Govern¬
ment without any compensation other than clothing and food, as
had been actually the case under the Russian regime.
The agents’ first effort, therefore, was to allay these impressions
and to establish relations of confidence with the natives, though, as a
matter of fact, the arrival of a shipload of supplies and of a gunny
sack containing about 150 pounds of coin had the effect automati¬
cally of removing the greater portion of this uncertainty. In addition,
conferences were had with individual natives and with the assembled
communities, in which the changes which had occurred during the
past season were explained and assurance was given that the intention
of the Government was to improve the present condition of the
natives wherever possible rather than to make it less favorable than
under the late lessee.
It was necessary specifically to reassure them that cash payments
for sundry labor would be continued under the new management.
This has been the source of almost all the cash received by the
natives, and the loss of it the occasion of their chief anxiety. The
assurance of the continuation of these payments in cash, together
with the increase in the rate of payment for taking sealskins, and the
material reduction in the prices at which merchandise is to be sold
to the natives out of the stores on the islands, all had the effect of
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
9
restoring confidence and obtaining a renewal of the natives’ good
will .
Supply depot. — Immediately upon the arrival of the Homer all
hands not entirely occupied with sealing began taking an inventory
of merchandise and other property belonging to the company, with a
view to its being taken over by the Government, in accordance with
instructions contained in the letter to the agent in charge dated
May 7, 1910. This inventory was prepared in time to be transmitted
on the return of the Homer on her first trip.
After completing the inventory the merchandise which arrived on
the Homer was uncrated and checked with the invoices. The price
was marked on the articles at the rate fixed in the instructions of
the agent, namely, a flat rate of 33J per cent advance over San
Francisco wholesale prices. The prices of those articles of mer¬
chandise also winch were taken over from the company were made
to conform to the prices fixed for the new invoices of goods.
The application of this flat rate of 33 J per cent advance had the
result of selling merchandise to the natives at lower prices than ever
before in the history of the islands. Because of high market prices
in San Francisco at the time the spring requisition was purchased
the retail price of butter was increased from 35 cents to 42 cents;
flour remained the same, at SI. 75 a quarter barrel; lard was raised
from 18 cents to 21 cents a pound; rubber boots, from S6 to S6.35 a
pair; canned beef from 30 cents to 35 cents each. Some few other
articles were sold at the same rate as formerly; all other prices were
reduced. A statement of some of these reduced prices follows:
Articles.
Former
price.
Present
price.
Articles.
Former
price.
Present
price.
Apples:
Canned .
Evaporated .
$0.25
2 for .30
$0.20
3 for . 25
Needles .
Oil:
$0. 05
.40
.35
. 06*
.25
.25
.20
.03*
.20
.15
.15
3 for . 25
2for$0.05
.26
.25
.05
.20
.20
.15
.02*
.15
3 for . 25
3 for . 25
3 for . 20
Apricots, canned .
.25
.20
Arctics:
Men’s .
2.25
1.90
Onions .
Women’s .
1.50
1.35
Beans, canned .
.20
.15
Bedspreads .
2.25
1.70
Beef, salt .
• 12J
.25
.09
Blackberries, canned .
.20
Blankets .
7.00
5.50
Calico .
.10
3 for . 25
Candles .
.02*
.02
Worcestershire sauce, Ameri-
Candy, 2 pounds .
.50
.25
.25
.15
Chimneys, lamp .
.15
2 for . 15
Shoes:
Coffee .
.25
.20
.75
1.25
3.00
2.50
2.00
4.00
2.50
3.00
4.50
.25
.061
.50
.50
.50
.20
5.00
.55
.90
2.00
1.75
1.40
3.15
1.75
2. 35
2.60
.15
.05
.45
.25
.40
.15
4.00
Collars, white .
.25
2 for . 25
Do
Corn, canned .
.20
.15
Crackers:
Soda .
.10
3 for . 25
Children’s .
Do
Sweet .
.20
.15
Cups and saucers . set. .
.20
.15
Dress goods .
.00
.50
Ewers and basins . set. .
2.00
1.25
Do
Gingham .
.15
2 for . 25
Gloves, men’s, wool .
.50
.25
Knives, pocket .
.40
.30
Jams .
.25
.20
.25
.20
Lining, cotton .
.15
•12*
.20
Milk, condensed .
.25
10
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IK 1910.
On every weekly order issued a saving of from 75 cents to $1.50
was made by reason of these reduced prices. In addition the price
of coal was reduced from $20 a ton to $12.75 plus a small charge for
stevedorage at either end. While no accurate computation has yet
been made, it is believed that by reason of the reduced prices of com¬
modities sold the purchasing power of the natives will be increased by
several thousands of dollars.
Bank accounts. — When the Alaska Commercial Company in 1870
began taking seals under its lease, in addition to providing comfortable
dwellings for the native inhabitants, it also endeavored to encourage
thrift among them by receiving deposits of money from such natives
as desired to open savings accounts. On these accounts, which were
subject to check at all times, the company paid interest at the rate of
4 per cent on balances found on May 31 of each year. During the
period of this company’s lease some natives had accumulated accounts
of over $2,000 each.
These accounts were taken over by the North American Commercial
Company when it succeeded to the sealing privilege in 1890. While
during the 20-year lease of the latter company these funds on deposit
became smaller, due to the lessened amounts earned by the natives
and to distribution to nonresident heirs upon death of the owner of
the account, there still remained a few so-called bank accounts in the
hands of the North American Commercial Company at the time of
the expiration of its lease.
Wlien the contract of the North American Commercial Company
expired in 1910 these funds remained on deposit with it, and some
action with reference thereto became necessary on the part of the
Government, which then took over the active management of the
business.
In the instructions dated May 9, 1910, it was directed that if the
balance on the bank account of any native was small it should be paid
by the company directly to the native; if, however, the native desired,
it should be held by the company and deposited in a safe financial
institution in San Francisco by the agent in charge as attorney in
fact for the benefit of the native owning the account, the interest to
be collected annually and paid directly to the native.
Upon arrival at the islands last spring the natives were informed
of the situation and told that if they desired their money could be de¬
posited in a bank in San Francisco previously selected, which would
pay interest at the rate of 3^ per cent per annum. They all assented
to the redepositing of their funds in the manner stated.
Such small accounts as did not exceed $25 were paid to the owner
in cash by the company; the accounts of larger amount than that
stated were closed by the company’s presenting the respective owners
with drafts for the several amounts.
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910. .
11
Each native who possessed one of these drafts delivered the same
to W. I. Lembkey and upon blanks previously provided signed a
power of attorney to him authorizing him to deposit the drafts with
a bank in San Francisco, to collect the amount of any interest due
thereon and to give receipts for the same.
A list of the accounts and the persons to whom they belong follows:
St. George Island:
Fevronia Galanin . $40. 00
Dimitri Lestenkof . 137.00
Michael Lestenkof . 240. 00
Peter Prokopiof . 83. 55
Emanuel Zaharof . 33. 20
Zoya Swetzof . 123. 00
Mary Galanin . 245. 00
Michael Shane . 63. 55
Mary Philamonof . 90. 05
Total . 1,055.35
St. Paul Island: ,
Alexander Merculief . 170. 00
Nekita Hopof . 50. 00
Agrifina Bbgadanof . 161. 10
Marina Stepetin . 40. 00
Apollon Bourdukofsky . 203. 30
Parascovia Kozlof . 150. 00
St. Paul Island — Continued.
Peter Bourdukofsky . $130. 00
Elizabeth Rookavishnikof . 40. 00
Agrifina Fratis . 71. 00
Agrifina S. Pankof . 285. 00
Peter Oustigof . 140. 00
Alexander Melovidof . 235. 00
Julia B. Krukof . 170. 00
Simeon Fratis . 71. 00
Akalina Fratis . 426.00
Alexai Emanof . 230. 00
Tekan Volkof . 966. 00
Martha Fratis . 71. 00
John Hansen . 370. 00
Oulianna Fratis . 71. 00
Total . 4,050.40
Grand total . 5,105.75
The St. Paul drafts were deposited to the credit of W. I. Lembkey,
trustee for the various natives. Separate accounts were opened with
each fund and pass books provided to be delivered to each native
owning the account. In cases where the money was owned by a
minor child, the account was opened in the name of its natural
guardian — either one of its parents, or if an orphan, the person with
whom it resides — with Agent Lembkey as trustee for the guardian.
Upon taking the St. George drafts to the bank it was discovered that
by an oversight they had not been indorsed by the persons in whose
favor they were drawn. Unfortunately, therefore, they could not be
deposited. An arrangement was made with the North American
Commercial Company, however, whereby the amount of these St.
George drafts, $1,055.35, was deposited by the company to protect the
drafts which it will be necessary to take back to St. George Island for
proper indorsement. After being so indorsed they will be paid by
the bank and savings accounts opened with each of the persons
named, in the same manner as the drafts from St. Paul.
The interest on these accounts will be collected annually and paid
to the proper persons. The receipts for money so paid will be sub¬
mitted with the annual report.
Resources of natives. — -During the summer of 1910, from taking
seals, and the previous winter from trappings foxes on St. George,
12
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
the natives of the islands earned the following amounts, to be applied
to their support:
St. George:
203 blue foxes, at $5; 9 white, at $1 . $1,024
2,834 sealskins, at $1 . 2,834
St. Paul:
664 sealskins, at 75 cents . 498
10,088 sealskins, at $1 . , . 10, 088
Total . ■ . .* . 14,444
As the fox skins were delivered to the North American Commercial
Company, that company paid directly to the agent on St. George for
the natives the amount of $1,024, due the natives on that account.
The company also paid in cash to the agent on St. Paul the $498 due
the natives from the 664 sealskins which the Department authorized
the company to take to complete its quota of 15,000 for 1909. The
amounts of $10,088 earned by the St. Paul natives and $2,834 earned
by the St. George natives for taking the sealskins shipped on Govern¬
ment account in 1910 were credited to the natives on the island
books. Payments of cash therefrom were not made except of small
sums in very rare instances. Each native sealer, however, was
allowed to draw supplies against this fund at a fixed rate each week
until the cost of such supplies equaled the amount of the native’s
credit from earnings; after this, supplies to be issued to him directly
from the stores in sufficient quantity to support himself and family.
The various statements of the division of natives’ earnings are filed
in the Bureau of Fisheries at Washington.
Census of inhabitants. — On St. Paul, on June 30, 1910, there were
198 resident natives, including 98 males and 100 females, a net
increase of 5 over the previous census. During the year 13 births,
1 arrival, and 9 deaths occurred.
On St. George, at the same date in 1910, 91 natives were present,
of which 45 were males and 46 females. Six births and 2 deaths
occurred during the year, leaving a net increase of 4 in the population.
Detailed censuses are filed in the Bureau of Fisheries at Washington.
MANAGEMENT OF SEAL HERD.
MARKING OF BACHELORS.
The general instructions to the agent, dated May 9, 1910, required
that not any 2-year-old bachelors but onh^ 500 3-year-old bachelors
should be marked to form the breeding reserve. This was predicated
upon the assumption that the 500 3-year-olds so reserved would be
over 14 per cent of the whole number of such young males in the
herd. Subsequently, by a telegram from the Secretary dated June
6, which, not having been delivered, presumably through the fault
of the telegraph company, was repeated June 10, the number of
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
13
3-year-old males to be reserved by marking was increased from 500
to 1,000.
These were apportioned between the two islands, by assigning 800
to St. Paul and 200 to St. George, for the reason that there are in
round numbers four times as many breeding seals on St. Paul as on
St. George. Upon arrival at St. George Island a copy of the annual
instructions was given to Assistant Agent Clark, and he was also
informed that the quota of bachelors to be reserved on St. George
was 200 3-year-olds. As the vessel remained at St. George only a
few hours, and as numerous other matters required consideration, it
was not possible to put into writing the various explanations of the
instructions.
Upon my return to St. George Island two weeks later I was informed
by Agent Clark that the cpiota of marked bachelors had been secured.
No statement of the number so marked, however, was made, and at
the close of the season among the data received detailing the season’s
work on St. George no mention was made of the number of bachelors
branded. Upon meeting Agent Clark on the Homer after he had left
St. George for San Francisco, upon specific inquiry I ascertained for
the first time that the instructions were misapprehended by him and
that he had sought to brand on St. George only 100 3-year-olds, and
did actually brand only 108 of that class of young males. He had
not the memoranda showing the dates on which drives were made for
this purpose and the number secured from each drive. As the season
then had been closed for three weeks it was useless to cause the
marking of an additional number to make up the deficiency in the
breeding reserve for that island.
On St. Paul, however, more young males were branded than the
total number for both islands required by the instructions. Previous
to my arrival on that island, on June 29, with the current instructions,
Assistant Agent Judge, acting under the instructions for the previous
year, had already marked 337 2-year olds in addition to 279 3-year-
olds, 14 4-year-olds, and 5 5-year-olds. After my arrival additional
3-year-olds only were marked to complete the number of that class
required for St. Paul. A record of the bachelors marked on St. Paul,
showing also dates and rookeries driven from, follows:
Record of Bachelors Marked on St. Paul Island for Breeding Purposes,
Season of 1910.
Date.
Rookery.
Tyro
years.
Three
years.
Four
years.
Five
years.
June 17
27
28
July 2
4
5
Reef. .
Zapadni .
Reef and Gorbateh .
Northeast Point _
Reef. .
Zapadni .
46
82
209
Total .
77
56
146
246
191
91
14
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
The total number of bachelors marked on both islands, therefore,
would be as follows: 2-year-olds, 337; 3-year-olds, 915; 4-year-olds,
14; 5-year-olds, 5; total, 1,271.
The report of London trade sales this year shows that 5,006 large
pup and middling pup skins (which are accepted to be those of 3-year-
old bachelors) appeared in the 1910 catch. Adding to these the 915
reserved 3-year-olds would make a total of 5,921 of that class which
we might claim were in the herd in 1910. Of this whole number,
the number reserved (915) is over 15 per cent.
Two-year-old males were not required by the current instructions
to be reserved, for the reason that the number of 2-year-olds having
skins of 5 pounds and under, together with those 2-vear-olds which
would not appear in the drives at all, of which there are always some,
it was believed would be sufficient to supply the necessary number
of 3-year-olds in 1911.
STATISTICS OF KILLING.
St. Paul. — From August 9, 1909, to June 17, 1910, 6 drives of seals
on St. Paul and 2 on Sea Lion Rock were made to furnish food to the
inhabitants of St. Paul. From these, 1,573 skins were obtained,
including 1 from a seal found dead at Rocky Point. From July 3 to
31, 29 drives were made on St. Paul for skins, in which 8,683 skins
were secured. On August 10, 1910, an additional drive was made
to furnish food for the natives during the coming “stagey season,”
from which 496 skins were secured. From the sources enumerated
a total of 10,752 skins were obtained during the season ended August
10, 1910.
St. George. — On St. George during the so-called food-killing season,
from August to November, 1909, 18 seals were killed at Various dates
by the guard at Zapadni; 8 drives also were made, in which 482 seals
were killed, filling the quota of 500 for food allowed for that island.
During the season of killing for skins, 2,314 skins were secured in 10
drives, 16 were obtained from the seals killed at various times by
watchmen for food, and 4 were left in salt from the previous season,
a total of 2,334, in addition to the 500 taken during the food-killing
season.
SKINS SHIPPED.
St. Paul. — Of the skins taken on St. Paul, 664 were delivered to
the North American Commercial Company, under authority of the
department’s letter of January 5, 1910, to complete that company’s
quota of 15,000 skins for 1909. The remainder, 10,088 skins, were
available for shipment on Government account. While this number
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
15
supposedly was shipped from St. Paul on the Homer, on August 28,.
word was received in October last from Assistant Agent H. D. Chi¬
chester, in charge on St. Paul, that after the departure of the Homer
with the skins on board a bundle containing 2 sealskins was found
wedged under the floor of the skin lighter or bidarra, in which
crevice it had become obscured during the shipment of the skins.
These two were placed in the salt house to apply on the shipment
of the following year. The total number of skins, therefore, shipped
from St. Paul in 1910 for Government account was 10,086.
St. George. — On August 23, 1910, the whole number of skins taken
on St. George, from the sources enumerated (2,834), were placed
on board the Homer to be shipped to San Francisco for Govern¬
ment account.
The whole number of skins from both islands, recapitulated from
the data already given, is as follows:
From St. Paul:
By North American Commercial Company . 664
By Government . 10, 086
From St. George, by Government . 2, 834
Total . 13,584
RECORD OF DRIVES.
On St. Paul, during the season of 1910, no record was kept of
the seals dismissed from the food drive made on June 6 on Sea Lion
Rock, as the configuration of the ground there is such that the
seals can not be herded, but escape in every direction upon the
landing of the clubbers, who kill such as they can while the seals are
running off. So also no record was kept in the drive for “branding”
on June 17, from which at the same time 145 seals were killed.
The record of dismissals, therefore, begins on July 3, when the
drive was made at Northeast Point for “branding,” at which, at
the same time, the 2-year-old bachelors in the drive, not being
required to be marked, were killed.
In the 32 drives made on St. Paul from July 3 to August 10,
a total of 12,434 seals appeared, of which 9,179, or 73 per cent,
were killed and 3,255 dismissed. Those dismissed consisted of
1,581 small, 825 large, and 849 of those marked for the breeding
reserve. This killing was 4 per cent closer than during the lessee’s
killing season of 1909, when 69 per cent of all seals driven were
killed.
16
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Seals Killed and Seals Dismissed from Drives on St. Paul Island, Season op
1910
Date.
Rookery.
Killed.
Dismissed.
Total
driven.
Per cent
killed.
Small.
Large.
Branded.
July 3
Northeast Point .
437
32
67
536
81
4
331
48
31
410
5
Zapadni .
166
48
31
245
6
Tolstoi and Lukanin .
142
6
39
28
215
66
7
Halfway Point .
77
2
9
3
91
84
8
Northeast Point .
293
37
47
85
462
63
9
Reef and Gorbatch .
437
21
28
116
602
72
9
Tolstoi and Lukanin .
120
2
17
5
144
83
10
Zapadni .
198
10
18
32
258
76
14
Northeast Point .
407
16
35
15
473
86
14
5
10
15
15
Reef and Gorbatch .
429
19
9
17
474
90
15
Tolstoi and Lukanin .
131
17
8
2
158
82
16
Zapadni . , .
339
77
22
24
462
73
20
Northeast Point .
' 487
132
29
26
674
72
20
5
1
6
83
21
Reef and Gorbatch .
548
56
33
42
679
80
21
Tolstoi and Lukanin .
449
53
23
26
551
81
22
Zapadni .
346
51
32
32
461
75
25
Northeast Point .
465
48
65
38
616
75
25
18
17
3
38
47
26
Reef and Gorbatch .
664
139
30
78
911
72
26
Tolstoi and Lukanin .
336
32
35
37
440
76
28
Zapadni .
318
55
14
44
431
73
28
Halfway point .
12
i
2
1
16
75
29
Northeast Point .
589
64
68
23
744
79
30
Reef and Gorbatch .
575
86
37
55
753
76
30
Tolstoi and Lukanin .
204
29
29
21
283
72
31
Zapadni .
155
25
16
26
222
69
Aug. 10
Reef and Gorbatch .
496
475
24
69
1,064
46
Total .
9,179
1,581
825
849
12, 434
73
Classification of Large Seals Dismissed from Drives on St. Paul Island,
Season of 1910.
Date.
July 4
5
6
7
8
9
9
10
14
14
15
15
16
20
20
21
21
22
• 25
25
26
26
28
28
29
30
30
31
Aug. 10
Rookery.
Four
years.
Five
years.
Six
years.
Seven
years.
Adult.
Reef .
7
9
9
6
12
6
n
2
Tolstoi and Lukanin .
11
8
n
6
3
Halfway Point .
1
2
6
10
9
14
14
8
9
2
9
8
2
7
8
5
3
2
12
G
10
7
2
3
5
4
2
3
4
2
2
Zapadni .
10
4
3
3
2
19
5
4
1
Halfway Point .
2
9
12
10
4
9
4
6
16
10
4
2
24
21
18
2
Halfway Point .
3
4
4
4
2
10
5
12
3
13
16
5
i
8
2
2
2
1
i
Northeast Point .
17
9
3
5
4
Reef and Gorbatch .
14
16
4
1
2
7
16
2
4
9
4
2
1
Reef and Gorbatch .
12
1
2
6
3
Total .
255
195
148
111
19
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
17
On St. George the record of seals driven and dismissed covers the
period from June 13 to July 31. In this time 3,065 seals were driven
and 2,295 killed, while 240 small, 343 large, and 187 marked seals
were released. The number killed represents 74 per cent of the
whole number driven, an increase of 11 per cent over the killings of
1909, when 63 per cent of those driven were killed.
Seals Killed and Seals Dismissed from Drives on St. George Island, Season
of 1910.
Date.
Rookery.
Killed.
Dismissed.
Tota
driven.
Per cent
killed.
Small.
Large.
Branded.
East .
31
4
38
73
42
23
138
11
93
242
57
30
162
16
79
255
63
July 5
East, North, and Staraya Artel .
171
55
30
58
314
54
• 12
. do .
313
26
14
21
374
83
16
North .
258
18
5
5
286
90
21
North and East .
376
48
15
27
466
80
26
East, North, and Staraya Artel .
405
42
35
37
519
77
31
. do .
441
20
36
39
536
82
Total .
2,295
240
343
187
3,065
74
Classification of Large Seals Dismissed from Drives on St. George Island,
Season of 1910.
Date.
Rookery.
Four
years.
Five
years.
Six
years.
Seven
years.
17
9
9
3
23
25
43
18
7
30
39
7
21
10
July 5
12
8
13
6
3
4
4
6
16
4
1
21
8
5
2
26
13
6
11
5
31
13
11
6
6
131
98
78
36
It will doubtless be remarked that the percentage of seals killed in
1910 was greater than in the preceding year. The seals killed in 1910
were, however, neither larger nor smaller than those taken in 1909,
but conformed at least as closely to the prescribed ages and weights
as they did in 1909, the last year of the leasing system. Indeed,
when doubt arose, as often it does arise, whether a seal was of the
3-year-old (or killable) age or whether it was of the 4-year-old (or
prohibited) age, in 1910 the animal was allowed to escape, whereas
in 1909 it would have been killed. In this respect it may be said
that the killing in 1910 conformed even more closely to regulations
than that of 1909.
Since the animals killed in 1910 were of the same class as those of
the preceding year, and since the rejections from the drives were
18
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
fewer in proportion to those killed, it must be concluded that this
condition is due not to closer killing, but to the absence, for some
reason, of those animals which are not killable and which when they
appear in drives make up the number of “rejected” seals. In other
words, the bachelors driven were not culled more closely for killables,
but fewer rejectable seals appeared in the drives, thereby making the
rejection percentages smaller.
One certain reason for this increased percentage of killed in 1910
is to be found in the lessened number of “branded” or marked
bachelors with which to deal during the killing. In previous years
2,000 of these marked bachelors were present during the killing season,
while in 1910 only 1,000 of them were marked. Furthermore this
missing thousand would have been composed of 2-year-olds which
haul up on the bachelors’ hauling-grounds much more frequently
than do the 3-year-olds. With 1,000 2-year-olds marked for exemp¬
tion from killing, it would have been certain that from 1,200 to 1,500
more rejections would have occurred during the season, the number
of rejections of this class varying somewhat from year to year. On
the other hand, rarety does the number of subsequent rejections of
the 3-year-olds equal the number of that class actually marked.
Had 1,200 been added to the number of rejections obtained in 1910,
the percentage of killed would have been 69, very nearly what it was
in the year preceding.
Another presumed cause of the lack of small rejections last year
is the probable fact that the smaller seals, i. e., those that had skins
under 5 pounds in weight, failed to haul up on land proportionately
in the same numbers as hitherto; that is to say, these small seals
remained for longer periods in the water than usual. In respect to
this matter we are met with the fact that we are wholly unable to
state anything definite concerning the hauling habits of young
bachelors. Some are always in the water and on inaccessible hauling
Grounds, for which reasons no definite idea of the whole number in
o /
existence can be obtained. Nevertheless, it is known that the haul¬
ing habits of seals vary from year to year; that these habits are altered
b}^ circumstances not incident to their natural environment, such as
the action and movement of the pelagic fleet; that these bachelors
haul in one year in greater numbers proportionate^ on one island
than the other, or on one rookery than on other rookeries ; that they
return to their normal habits with the disappearance of the cause
which forced them to abandon those habits temporarily.
For 1910 it can be shown that these small seals, which were yearlings
the preceding year, were not killed, either as pups or yearlings. Year¬
lings are never killed on land except through unavoidable accident,
and an analysis of London sales of skins shows that yearlings form
but a small fraction of 1 per cent of the pelagic catch. Unless they
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
19
died from natural causes, of winch there is no evidence, they must
be in existence somewhere as 2-year-olds. Not having appeared on
land during the summer, the natural inference must be that they
were in the water and did not haul on land.
That there were in existence small seals which did not haul during
the summer might be indicated by the fact that in the killing on
August 10 the number of small seals turned away was entirely
out of proportion to the usual number occurring in drives during
the season. The absence of these small seals during the summer
was a matter of remark, and their reappearance at the last drive of
the season also was noted with interest.
In treating of this matter it is desired to show that notwithstanding
the fact that of seals driven a greater percentage killed appears on
the record for this year as compared with last, no smaller seals than
usual were killed and not as large seals were taken as previously.
The increased percentage is the result, first, of the absence of 2-year-
old marked bachelors present in former years, and secondly, to a
failure of young nonkillable seals to haul on land in their usual num¬
bers during the summer.
WEIGHTS OF SKINS TAKEN.
Of the 10,752 skins taken on St. Paul, 10,749 were weighed. Of
these 70 were under 5 pounds and 48 over 8^ pounds. On St. George,
2,834 skins were weighed, of which 20 were under 5 pounds and 11
over 8£. Of the overweight skins on St. Paul, nearly all were taken
in a food killing on Sea Lion Rock, and before weighing were immersed
in sea water until they were saturated. In this condition each carried
several pounds of water, increasing their weight correspondingly.
Had they been weighed dry, or even with the usual quantity of moist¬
ure, few of them would have been above. the prescribed limit.
It is not possible to avoid wetting the seals taken on Sea Lion Rock,
neither is it permissible to salt the skins without weighing. It is
wholly undesirable also to alter the statistics of weights in such man¬
ner as to attempt to compensate for excess due to the presence of
water or other foreign substances in. the fur. The weights therefore
have been recorded as taken, but due allowance must be made for
conditions which change the weights and which have no relation to
the size of the skins.
The skins that were underweight were likewise taken mainly in
food drives, at a time when the natives were eager for fresh meat and
when they were restricted to killing seals having skins under 7 pounds.
With the necessity of rejecting all the females and all the larger males
from the food drives, it can readily be appreciated that the tendency
of the natives is to let few of the small males escape, even if the skins
weigh a few ounces less than 5 pounds.
20
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
On the whole it can be seen that only a few skins of the whole
catch were outside the weights prescribed and that these w’ere taken
unavoidably.
Weights of Sealskins Taken on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, During the
Year ended August 10, 1910.
Weight.
St. Paul
Island, a
Weight.
St. George
Island, b
Pounds.
Pounds.
4 .
6
4 .
1
4} .
4
41 .
4£ .
20
4 f .
14
4 1 .
40
5* .
125
5 1 .
670
51 .
82
51 .
710
51 .
406
5§ .
1,014
5j .
202
5| .
1,277
e: .
628
6l .
'980
61 .
106
6J .
1,113
61 .
524
6£ .
1,176
6§ .
114
6| .
'993
7! .
321
7~ .
752
7} .
43
.
553
168
7J .
552
.
7| .
21
7J .
327
8". .
54
8~. .
203
81 .
4
8} .
172
8§ .
5
8| .
139
9! .
6
8f .
7
9} .
1
9! .
17
9§ .
2
91 .
4
10L-.
1
91 .
7
10| .
1
4
101 .
1
2,834
10J .
2
11 .
1
Ill .
4
12 .
1
Total .
10,749
a Nearly all the oversize skins listed from St. Paul Island were taken in a food killing from Sea Lion Rock,
on which occasion the skins when weighed carried from 1 to 3 pounds of water each. Had they been dry
when weighed, very few or none would have exceeded the prescribed weights. The major portion of skins
underweight were taken in food drives for the natives, when large seals were released, and, consequently,
the smaller seals were killed closely.
b Of the skins from St. George over or under the limit of weight only 3 were taken during the sealing
season proper. Four were taken by the company last year, and withheld from the quota; the others were
taken during food killings, when the natives were particularly eager for fresh meat.
Following is a statement furnished by Messrs. C. M. Lampson & Co.,
of the sizes of the sealskins consigned to them by the United States
Government for auction in London. This statement shows the classi¬
fication of the 12,920 skins as weighed and assorted upon their receipt
by the firm.
FUR-SEAL, FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
21
Assortment op Alaska Salted Fur Sealskins for Account of United States
Government, Department of Commerce and Labor.
[London, 19th November, 1910, 64 Queen Street, E. C. Subject to recount.]
Lbs. oz.
78 smalls . 7 15
713 large pups . 7 2
3,032 middling pups . 6 7
4,899 small pups . 5 12
1,266 ex. small pups . 5 5
11 ex. ex. small pups . 4 10
33 smalls, low . 7 11
135 large pups, low . 6 9
498 middling pups, low . 6 1
501 small pups, low . 5 9
88 ex small pups, low . 5 0
10 smalls, cut . 7 2
71 large pups, cut . 6 13
238 middling pups, cut . 6 2
421 small pups, cut . 5 6
81 ex. small pups, cut . 4 15
6 smalls, rubbed . 7 0
55 large pups, rubbed . 6 14
Lbs. oz.
195 middling pups, rubbed . 6 6
290 small pups, rubbed . 5 11
75 ex. small pups, rubbed . 5 3
36 faulty.
12, 732
5 smalls.
21 large pups.
48 middling pups.
94 small pups.
18 ex. small pups.
2 faulty.
188
a 12, 922
a See p. 15. This number recorded as shipped , but two skins afterwards found wedged under floor of boat
used for lightering skins to steamer Homer.
ENUMERATION OF BREEDING HERD.
COUNTS OF HAREMS.
The usual counting of harems and idle bulls at the height of the
season of 1910 disclosed the following:
Count of Harems and Idle Bulls on St. Paul Island, 1910.
Date.
Rookery.
Harems.
Idle bulls.
Quitters.
Water
bulls.
July 12
9
3
' 12
29
5
1
12
Tolstoi .
77
7
l
5
12
7
3
12
Little Zapadni .
54
10
4
4
13
Kitovi .
53
7
4
4
13
9
2
1
13
Lukanin .
41
5
6
5
13
11
1
13
2
2
13-15
110
12
15
13-15
Polavina .
50
5
2
10
13-15
20
5
5
13-15
12
2
7
14
North East Point .
251
30
17
10
15
Reef .
206
28
4
13
16
Zapadni .
118
22
9
4
Total .
1,059
144
81
55
The number of harems on Sea Lion Rock, which could not be
visited at this season, is placed at 61, the number found last year.
22
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IK 1910.
Count op Harems and Idle Bulls on St. George Island, 1910.
Date.
•
Rookery.
Harems.
Idle bulls.
Hauling-
ground
bulls.
Quitters.
July 14
4
22
6
37
a 14
103
21
10
48
17
21
Zapadni .
47
19
16
1
Total .
261
77
47
1
a Includes hauling-ground bulls.
A summary of the number of bulls on both islands, with a com¬
parison of the number found in 1909, follows:
Summary op Bulls on St. Paul and St. George Islands, 1910.
Harems.
Idle bulls.
Quitters.
Hauling-
ground
bulls.
Water
bulls.
1,059
144
81
55
261
77
1
47
a 61
Total, 1910 .
1,381
221
82
47
55
Total, 1909 .
1,399
172
139
98
13
a Estimated.
Compared with 1909 the number of harems on both islands has
decreased 18, or 1.3 per cent, an inappreciable decrease when con¬
trasted with that which has occurred annually for years'. This de¬
crease in harems can not be laid to a scarcity of bulls, as can easily
be proved, but to a lack of enough cows to provide other bulls with
harems.
On the other hand the number of idle bulls — that is to say, those
mature adult males stationed on rookeries waiting for cows — has been
increased from 172 to 221, or a gain of 29 per cent. This is the result
of the saving of young males by marking and of further restrictions
upon killing, commenced in 1904.
The number of 7-year old males or “quitters,’’ so termed because
of their tendency while idle to desert their stations when approached
by man, has decreased from 139 to 82; the number of water bulls has
increased from 13 to 55, and of the hauling-ground bulls there has
been a decrease from 98 to 47. As these latter classes are more or
less unstable and as some of each class could have been in the water
at the time these counts were made, it is not attempted to ascribe
specific reasons for the fluctuations in them. The fact is demon¬
strated, however, that young bulls are present in fair numbers. The
further fact that 13 per cent of the stationed bulls, excluding quitters,
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
23
are idle, indicates conclusively that the herd of breeding bulls is
properly safeguarded from too close killing by existing regulations.
COUNTS OF PUPS.
Because of the presence of Japanese schooners in numbers close
to the islands, counts of pups on St. Paul Island were limited to
Kitovi rookery, including Amphitheater. On St. George Island,
for the same reason, pups were not counted except on Little East
rookery, which now embraces only a few seals. The St. Paul counts
follow :
Counts op Pups on St. Paul Island, 1910.
Live
pups.
Dead
pups.
Total
pups.
. Harems.
Average
harem.
1,717
187
57
1,774
53
33.4
5
192
9
21.3
Total, 1910 .
1,904
1,915
62
1,966
1,979
62
31.7
Total, 1909 .
64
58
34.1
From the comparisons which the foregoing data afford, it would
appear that the breeding cows on this rookery have not decreased but
have remained virtually stationery as regards numbers during this
period. The harems thereon, however, are more numerous, thus
giving fewer cows to each bull, or, technically speaking, lowering the
average harem on this space from 34.1 in 1909 to 31.7 in 1910.
On St. George the count of pups on Little East, which, as stated,
was the only count of pups made on that island, disclosed 75 pups in
4iiarems, or an average of 18.7 cows per harem. The great decrease
in this rookery (Little East) may be appreciated when it is noted that
in 1897 the seal census made by the Jordan Commission gave to this
rookery 46 harems and 1,190 cows. The number found there in 1910
represents a diminution in thirteen years on this small rookery alone
of 42 harems and 1,115 cows.
NUMBER OF BREEDING COWS.
As it is highly impracticable to count the pups on all the rookeries,
it has been customary to arrive at the whole number of breeding
cows by estimation based upon an actual count of the whole number
of harems on the islands and the average number of cows found to
be in each of the harems of one rookery which is accepted as typical
of all.
As the number of harems on all islands has been ascertained to
be 1,381 and the average harem, as demonstrated by the count of
Kitovi, to be 31.7, the whole number of breeding cows in 1910 would
be 43,777. As 45,786 of such cows were shown by this method to
59395°— 11 - 26
24
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
be present in 1909, the decrease between the years, 2,009, represents
a loss of 4.3 per cent.
This for all practical purposes, is a fairly accurate measure of the
number of breeding cows, which constitute the most important
factor in the herd. While merely an estimate, the number is close
enough to actual conditions to be approximately correct. A loss of
only 4.3 per cent in the breeding cows from the pelagic sealing which
has been practiced with such assiduity during 1910 would seem too
small. However, the statistics of the seal herd for the last few years
demonstrate that the rate of decrease during this period has not
been large, and it is not out of the way to believe that it was small
in 1910.
CENSUS OF ENTIRE SEAL HERD.
Beyond the breeding cows and pups, estimates of which contain
much of accuracy, an estimate of the whole herd is very difficult to
make, and is unsatisfactory in that it treats of elements which are not
susceptible of ascertainment and must be approximated. There are
also very few means of testing its accuracy at this or a future time.
The methods used are, however, the best that can be devised and tend
in the direction of accuracy rather than the opposite.
ESTIMATE OF HALF BULLS.
The record of rejections of seals from drives during the summer
season of 1910 shows that 1,168 young males too large to be killed
were released from the killing fields. It has been established that not
by any means all of this class of animals haul in places where they can
be enumerated and that the number of those actually turned away
should be doubled at least to arrive at the whole number in existence.
By doubling the number found, 1,168, we would have 2,336 half
bulls, from which we may look for recruits to the breeding bulls.
ESTIMATE OF 2-YEAR-OLDS.
In 1908 it was computed that 53,884 pups were born. Being
equally divided as to sex, one half, or 26,942, were males and an equal
number females.
In 1909, if we allow the diminution of 50 per cent for mortality at
sea, which has been taken heretofore to occur among the pups during
their first migration, one-half of these would return in 1909 as yearlings.
There should have been then in 1909 by this method of computation
13,471 yearling males and an equal number of females. These, with
a loss of something like 10 per cent, would return in 1910 as 2-year-
olds to the number of approximately 12,124 of each sex.
We should have in 1910, therefore, by this computation, over
12,000 virgin or 2-year-old cows and an equal number of males.
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IK 1910.
25
From the latter, however, at least 7,500 were killed during the last
summer, leaving approximately 4,500 2-year-old males in existence
at the close of the season. The above computation would indicate
that 12,124 2-year-old cows and 4,500 2-year-old males were present
at the end of the killing season of 1910.
NUMBER OF YEARLINGS.
In 1909 it was estimated that 45,764 pups were born, half of which
were males and half females. By applying a 50 per cent death rate
during their initial migration we should have in 1910 11,441 yearling
males and the same number of yearling females.
NUMBER OF 3-YEAR-OLDS.
Nine hundred and fifteen 3-year-olds were marked during the
summer and released as breeders. An uncertain number in addition
was not driven at all and still survive. It would be a moderate
allowance to estimate the number of 3-year-olds remaining in the
herd at 1,200.
SUMMARY OF SEAL LIFE IN 1910.
From the foregoing computations an approximate census of seal
life present on the islands at the close of the sealing season of 1910
would be as follows:
Bulls, active with harems . 1,381
Bulls, idle, and quitters . 303
Half bulls . 2, 336
3-year-old bachelors . 1,200
2-year-old bachelors . 4, 500
Yearling bachelors . 11,441
Male pups . 21, 888
Breeding'cows . 43,777
2-year-old (virgin) cows . 12, 124
Yearling females . 11,441
Female pups . 21, 888
Total . 132,279
The foregoing “census,” if we except the bulls with harems, and
those idle, is noticing more than an estimate based upon such enumera¬
tions as could be made that were of value in determining the number
of seals. While it shows over 2,000 seals less than a similar computa¬
tion in 1909, it nevertheless exhibits apparent increases in certain
classes of seals over the preceding census spoken of. For example,
the 2-year-okl bachelors estimated to be present in 1910 exceed in
numbers by over 2,000 those stated to be in existence at the close of
the season of 1909. The 2-year-old cows estimated in 1910 are 2,000
more than were assigned for the previous year.
26
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
This is the result solely of the method of estimation adopted alike
for both }rears. Both are based upon the number of cows born two
years previousi}". In 1907, 50,825 pups were estimated to have been
born, and 10,165 of these were computed to have survived as 2-year-
old males in 1909. On the other hand, in 1908, the same method
of estimation would indicate that 53,884 pups were born in that
year — 3,000 more than in 1907 — and that of these the number sur¬
viving as 2-year-olds in 1910 was 12,124.
It is believed that it is not the intention of anyone to claim that an
increase in seal life has occurred at any time within the past few
years in the face of the large catches of seals in the water, consisting
mainly of breeding females. It is believed, on the other hand, -that a
marked decrease has occurred, a belief justified when the contracted
space occupied by the breeding seals is viewed. But the measure of
this decrease is ascertainable solely by estimation, the same methods
being used from year to year. When using only a few seals in estab¬
lishing a basis for computing the whole number, it is not difficult to
realize that a few chance harems more or less on the space counted
would have the effect of greatly increasing or decreasing the whole
number computed to be in the herd. It would be easy to revise these
calculations by adding to or subtracting from the estimated number
to make it conform with one’s idea of what number should or should
not be found. But the idea one may have might be more incorrect
than the result of the computation, so that in a revision it would
not be possible to determine whether in increasing or decreasing the
result one were moving in the direction of accuracy or away from it.
It is much better to announce the number each year as it may
appear from calculations made similarly, and to explain any apparent
incongruity by the statement that the whole is an estimate and
nothing else.
The result of the killing of 1910 has demonstrated that the number
of 2-year-old bachelors estimated as remaining in the herd at the
close of the season of 1909 was entirely too small. In the census of
1909 only 2,165 2-year-old bachelors were allowed. These of course
would be 3-year-olds in 1910. As a matter of fact, the skins of 1910
when classified in London showed that perhaps 5,000 of the catch were
3-year-olds. In view of this fact it is believed that, in estimating
the number of these as well as other immature seals, a smaller death
rate should be allowed than hitherto.
PUP-RAISING EXPERIMENTS.
In accordance with the Bureau’s instructions, attempts were made
on both St. Paul and St. George Islands to feed starving pups and save
their lives. On St. Paul Island the efforts were unsuccessful, but the
St. George experiments yielded most interesting results.
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
27
ST. PAUL EXPERIMENTS.
Perhaps a dozen or more starving pups were gathered off the
various rookeries and brought to the village. An inclosure was
built at the end of the village pond and the pups were placed in this.
A bottle with an ordinary rubber nipple was used in a first attempt
to induce the little animals to nurse. This method failing, however,
milk was poured down the pups’ throats from the bottle. But this,
besides being difficult and tedious, was uncertain and wasteful, as
most of the milk was ejected by the pups before being swallowed.
To feed a dozen or more pups with a bottle, moreover, occupied the
services of half a dozen men for nearly half a day. Afterwards a
tube attached to a funnel "was passed into the stomach of each pup
and the feeding was accomplished by this means.
Owing to lack of proper material the inclosure in which the pups
were placed could not be made tight enough to retain them. Some
of the pups escaped to the sea; the others died. Feeding with solid
food was not attempted.
Upon the departure of the Bear on her last trip from the islands,
10 healthy pups upon which no feeding experiments had been
attempted were taken from St. Paul rookeries and placed aboard that
vessel to be shipped to Seattle for the use of the Bureau. All of these
arrived safely, having been schooled on the voyage to eat solid food.
ST. GEORGE EXPERIMENTS.
Fifteen starving pups were gathered on St. George Island at various
times and different methods were tried to save their lives.
These starvelings readily ate all the small live fish that could be
obtained and such other larger fish as the weather would permit the
natives to capture offshore. In addition the pups ate salted salmon
after it had been freshened in water. Had enough live or fresh dead
fish been obtainable it is believed that at least some of the pups that
were fed artificially could have been saved.
On September 10, 1910, four starving pups were secured and their
frenums cut. All were fed by injections of milk into the stomach.
One died that night from congestion of the lungs, probably because
of the introduction into the pulmonary tract of milk while feeding.
Upon autopsy of this animal, a piece of coal as large as a walnut
was found lodged in the pylorus. Two of the others escaped the first
night.
A corral, having a tank 4 feet by 8 feet and 1 foot deep, was then
built and two more pups in addition to the one now remaining were
placed in it on September 15. Into this tank filled with water were
placed a number of small fish caught among the rocks (probably
Neoliparis). The pups ate all of these at once and some sculpin cut
28
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
into small pieces. After this several attempts were made to provide
sufficient fresh fish to feed the pups, but owing to rough weather
only several days’ supply could be obtained. After this salt salmon
freshened in water was offered to the pups and eaten. When this
latter was finally refused, milk and mutton broth were fed to sickly
pups.
All but one of these pups, 15 in all, died on the island, and that
one, after being placed aboard the Bear, died before reaching Seattle.
These experiments are of value, however, as demonstrating that
by September 15 these pups have advanced to such a stage that
they can eat and digest solid food even though they continue to
nurse during October and November. The results also show, how¬
ever, that on the seal islands these experiments can not be carried
on with hope of success because fresh fish can not be obtained with
regularity in sufficient quantity. Had these pups been taken to
Unalaska, where small fish can be readily obtained, it is believed
that much better results would have followed.
Of the 14 that died on St. George Island, the autopsies in 2 cases
disclosed occlusion of the pylorus by stones taken through the mouth.
The death of at least 1 of the pups was due to this condition.
PELAGIC SEALING.
During the season of 1910, 25 Japanese sealing schooners were
boarded by revenue-cutter vessels on patrol in Bering Sea. Of
these, 2 were seized by the cutters, 1 for a violation of the alien
fishing laws and another for a violation of the customs law (sec¬
tion 2773, Revised Statutes). As a rule pelagic sealing vessels kept
outside the 3-mile limit, and, so far as known, none of the men
composing the crews landed upon the islands for the purpose of
killing seals.
Eleven Japanese in 3 small boats landed on St. Paul Island on
July 30 and- 31. It was stated by them that they had been lost
from their schooners and came to the islands as a place of refuge.
They were quartered on the islands until August 8, when the}7 were
placed aboard the Manning and taken to Unalaska with 4 native
witnesses, charged with having landed upon the islands without
permission, in violation of the act of April 21, 1910.
Upon trial before the United States commissioner at Unalaska
they were found guilty and each sentenced to a week’s imprison¬
ment. After serving this sentence they were placed aboard a Japa¬
nese sealing schooner with their boats, guns, and other property and
sent home.
Unofficial reports indicate that 5 Canadian sealing vessels took
seals last year in Bering Sea. Their catch from both the Pribilof
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IK 1910.
29
and Asiatic herds aggregated 3,775 skins. The total pelagic catch
from the Pribilof herd, as shown by London trade sales, was in the
neighborhood of 15,000 skins.
WRECK OF REVENUE CUTTER PERRY.
On the early morning of July 26, 1910, the revenue cutter Perry
went ashore on Rocky Point Reef, St. Paul Island, in a thick fog.
Shortly afterwards, by the action of the swell, her bottom was punc¬
tured on the rocks upon which she lay, and all efforts to get her off
were futile. Such movable property (guns, stores, boats, etc.) as
could be readily transported was brought ashore and stored in an
empty warehouse at Rocky Point. The entire crew was quartered
at the village for several days and was made as comfortable as circum¬
stances permitted. The teams and native men on the islands were
used for several days in rendering assistance. Later the Perry's
men and stores were taken aboard the other cutters in the fleet and
the wreck stripped and abandoned. On August 19 the hull was
broken up by a strong southerly gale and scarcely anything was left
to mark where she grounded.
FOXES.
The history of foxing on the Pribilof Islands is interesting. What
number of fox skins were taken off these islands by the Russians will
never be known. Petroff (1883) states that 34,767 were taken from
1842 to 1860, inclusive. From that date to 1867, the fox skins
taken from the islands are not segregated from the returns of those
taken from general Alaskan sources, which are given by Petroff as
27,731. From 1870 to 1890 fox skins to the number of 4,380 on St.
Paul and 20,412 on St. George were taken and shipped by the Alaska
Commercial Company. From 1890 to 1910, 2,963 fox skins were
taken on St. Paul and 13,641 on St. George.
During the lease of the Alaska Commercial Company (1870-1889),
there existed no contract with the Government for the right to pur¬
chase these skins, and the only expenditure by the company for the
more than 24,000 skins it received was the 50 cents it paid the natives
for each skin. The North American Commercial Company during
the greater portion of its 20-year lease paid to the natives S5 for each
blue and $1 for each white fox skin.
Foxes are trapped annually on St. George Island hi house traps
which do not injure the animal. The catch last year there was 227.
On St. Paul Island, where these animals never have been as plentiful
as they were on the other island, no trapping has been done since 1903
until last winter (1909-10), when 185 were secured. These were
killed in steel traps. For the blues the natives received $5 apiece;
for the whites, $1. This money was applied to the natives’ support.
30
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
CONDITIONS AND TRAPPINGS ON ST. GEORGE ISLAND..
On St. George Island, during the winter of 1909-10, the feeding of
foxes in the herd during the period from October 20 to June 1 was
continued as in former years. Seal carcasses preserved from kill¬
ings during the summer formed the greater portion of the material
fed, together with about 3,000 pounds of salted codfish freshened in
sea water.
For some reason, not ascertained exactly, a smaller number of
foxes passed through the house and box traps during the winter in
question than ever before since feeding the foxes and selective trap¬
ping began. Whether this is the result of an actual diminution in
the herd, or whether other conditions, such as an abundance of food
outside the traps or an instinctive fear of entering the traps, were the
cause, can not be stated definitely.
During the winter of 1909-10 only 335 foxes passed through the
traps on St. George Island. To show the smallness of this number
as compared with former years, a table with the total number of
foxes handled in the various years during which selective trapping
has been followed is given below:
1898- 99 . 842
1899- 1900 . 973
1900- 1901 . 1,335
1901- 2 . 1,104
1902- 3 . 1,011
1903- 4 . 1,061
1904- 5 . 766
1905- 6 . 1,061
1906- 7 . 882
1907- 8 . 1,006
1908- 9 . 798
1909- 10 . 335
In trapping, the practice is to catch all animals alive, to release as
breeders a certain number of pairs of the most vigorous, and to kill
those that are not considered the best examples of the species.
Those released are marked, so as to be thereafter recognizable, by
clipping a ring out of the hair on the tail of the animal, the marks
differing for the sexes. Such foxes as escape being trapped, not
being marked of course, can be distinguished at sight.
No such number of foxes not marked was seen in the winter men¬
tioned as to lead unquestionably, to the conclusion that the herd has
not diminished. ' There are, on the other hand, good grounds for
believing that it has diminished. The causes of this probable fact,
however, are obscure and conjectural. The very few found dead did
not justify the belief that any epidemic had occurred.
A summary of the statistics of trapping on St. George Island
during the winter of 1909-10 is appended: *
Marked and released :
Blue males . 51
Blue females . . . 57
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
31
Killed for pelts:
Blue males . v . 126
Blue females..-. . . 86
White males . 5
White females . 4
Skins from animals found dead, etc . 6
Skins accepted by lessee, blue . 203
Skins rejected by lessee, blue . 6
Skins mangey, etc., thrown away . 9
White fox skins accepted by lessee . 9
Total number of animals handled . 335
These pelts, having been taken during the period covered by the
contract of the North American Commercial Company, were deliv¬
ered to it upon payment at the stipulated rate of $5 for each blue
skin and $1 for each white skin. The money thus derived was used
exclusively for the support of natives.
TRAPPING ON ST. PAUL ISLAND.
During the winter of 1909-10, for the first time since 1904, there
were considered to be foxes enough on St. Paul to justify trapping,
wliich accordingly was carried on during a period of six days.
On this island, unlike St. George, notwithstanding repeated efforts
to secure it, the foxes do not congregate in large groups, permitting
systematic feeding and selective trapping. An}r trapping therefore on
St. Paul must be done with the spring steel trap, in the use of wliich
the native trappers must scatter over the entire island.
In the 6 days of trapping mentioned the St. Paul natives secured
on that island 130 blue and 35 white foxes. In addition, a boat load
of native men went over to Otter Island, and there secured 19 blues
and 1 white. Observations made during the past summer indicate
that the fox herd on St. Paul Island has not diminished appreciably
as the result of this trapping of the previous winter.
The skins taken on St. Paul and Otter Islands were delivered to
the North American Commercial Company and payment made at the
same rate as on St. George. This difference between the manage¬
ment of the two islands exists, however, that whereas the earnings
on St. George from fox skins are formed into a community fund, on
St. Paul each individual trapper is given the use of the money from
such fox skins as he has been able to secure.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
KILLING OF BACHELOR SEALS.
The methods used in taking seals during the past season of 1910
were the same as those used by the two lessees in the preceding
40 years’ tenure of the sealing right, and the same, in fact, in all
32
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IK 1910.
fundamental respects as those pursued by the Russians since 1840.
They are the result of years of experience and are the best that can be
devised to meet the conditions. No change in them should be made.
The practice of killing bachelor seals for skins as well as for natives’
food should not be abandoned unless a cogent reason presents itself.
No harm to the seal herd can result from the killing of surplus males.
No benefit to the herd could accrue from the maturing of males
unnecessary for purposes of reproduction, which, when of adult age,
would have no female consorts, but which, by incessant and furious
fighting, would destroy or cripple the breeding bulls and themselves
as well.
It is true that a test to insure the survival of the fittest should be
applied to the male fur seal, as in fact it should to all breeders. It
is not true, however, that this test can only be made through trial
of combat. With respect to some groups of animals, such as the
Pinnipedia, conditions of their natural environment may be so severe
as to eliminate weaklings as effectually or even more so, than would
fighting amongst themselves, and nature provides an eliminative
process in the case of the fur seal entirely apart from the struggling
of bulls with each other for supremacy on land. This test begins
almost with a seal’s birth.
When the baby seal has scarcely learned to swim beyond the borders
of the rookery on which it .is born, while it is still a suckling and
knows not how to seek other food, it is separated from its mother
and driven off the land by the rigor of the climate. WTeak and
unskillful swimmer as the pup is, not only must it withstand the
severe winter storms in the northern ocean but in the same unfa¬
vorable element pursue and capture its food and elude its natural
enemies of the sea. As the result of this struggle with the natural
conditions in which it is placed it is estimated that one-half of the
pups die during the initial migration. Only the strongest and most
wary can survive this trial.
This struggle for existence continues incessantly during the ani¬
mal’s life. From each migration it sends back to the breeding grounds
only those animals hardy enough to withstand its severity. That
animal leaving the rookeries with any physical imperfection does
not return. It dies at sea. Those that do return are the most
perfect examples of their class.
With this severe eliminative test occurring as the result of natural
environment, to superimpose a violent struggle with his own kind
after the animal has reached the breeding ground would be to sub¬
ject him to further stress entirely unnecessary to prove his ability as
a breeder. Having passed successfully through the winter’s migra¬
tion, the animal returns to the rookeries a perfect specimen of its
kind. A severe trial by combat could not have the effect of increasing
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
33
its breeding efficiency, but on the other hand could only seriously
impair if not wholly destroy it. It would be the same if two valuable
stallions, each physically perfect, and matched in strength and
courage, were allowed to fight with each other until one were killed.
The survivor, if one did survive, would be so seriously injured by its
opponent as to be rendered incapable of service for the time being,
if not permanently.
To breed a large number of surplus male seals merely that they
may fight amongst themselves and determine the strongest in combat
is useless. By the time the strongest individuals have proved their
superiority they have expended so much of their energy in fighting
that physically weaker but fresh animals may overpower them and
take their cows. Such is the history of the Pribilof rookeries during
the time when thousands of idle bulls were present. Instances to
substantiate this conclusion have been witnessed many times.
Since physical combat is not required to test the ability of a male
fur seal, no reason is known for providing a number of males beyond
that necessary to fertilize the females in the herd. Therefore the
practice of killing surplus males at the time when their pelts have a
considerable commercial value should be continued. Surely no purely
sentimental reason should prevail over those of practical weight.
SUPPORT OF NATIVES.
The present system of supporting the natives on the Pribilof
Islands should be changed. Under it the native receives enough
food, fuel, and clothing to sustain life, but only a portion of the sum
necessary for his maintenance comes to him as compensation for
labor performed, the remainder being donated as a gratuity through
an appropriation of Congress. This latter feature is the most objec¬
tionable of all and the one which it is sought to eliminate. Better to
explain the situation the following brief summary is given of the man¬
ner in which the natives have been supported since they were first
transported to these islands.
In 1787, the year following the discovery of St. George Island, the
discoverer, Pribilof, brought to the islands a number of native fami¬
lies, principally from Unalaska, and landed them there to serve as
laborers in taking skins from the animals with which the islands
abounded. Several other adventurers also brought natives to these
islands and founded small villages at several points thereon. In 1799,
upon the taking over by the Russian-American Company of the
administration of the whole of Alaska, the competing traders were
sent away from the Pribilofs and the islands passed under the auto¬
cratic control of Baranof. A cessation of killing was ordered, and
in 1806-7 nearly all the natives were removed to Unalaska.
34
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
In 1808 seal killing began again, with accessions of laborers mainly
from Unalaska and adjacent villages. On St. Paul Island the natives
were drawn together and huddled into one settlement at Halfway
Point. About 1825, for convenience in handling cargo, the village
was again changed to its present site.
On St. George Island several settlements existed originally, but
were consolidated at the present site about 1830-1835.
Under the Russian regime, especially under the management of the
Russian American Company, which provided the machinery of govern¬
ment for the territory during the tenure of its privilege, the natives were
mere slaves. They had no redress for any injury or insolence which
their masters might see fit to inflict upon them. Their habitations
were large communal dwellings of earth, half underground, cold, and
filthy. Here they lived and died unnoticed and uncared for. They
subsisted on fish and the flesh of seals, with the addition of roots and
a very little flour.
In 1835, Yeniaminof states, the natives worked at whatever was
found and whatever they were directed to do. Payment was not
established by the day or year, but for each skin taken by them or for
what was placed to their credit. They received no specific wage,
though they were not all of equal ability, there being usually three or
four classes. In these classes the sick and old workmen were counted,
although they were only burdens, and therefore received the smallest
shares, about 150 rubles, and the other and better classes 220 to 250
rubles a year. Those who were zealous were rewarded by a present
of 50 to 100 rubles. The wives of the Aleuts, who worked only at seal
killing, received from 25 to 35 rubles. These rubles were scrip cur¬
rency, made of leather, equal in value to a franc, or about 20 cents.
In 1868, at the time of the purchase of Alaska by the United States,
the natives were living in semisubterranean houses built of turf
and such pieces of driftwood and whalebone as they were able to
secure on the beach. Their food was seal meat and a few articles
furnished in meager quantity by the Russian company. They had
no fuel except driftwood and blubber, and depended for heat upon
crowding together in the sod houses, sleeping upon the dried grasses
secured upon the islands.
In 1870 the Alaska Commercial Company took charge of the islands
under a lease. It at once built neat frame dwellings for the natives,
and paid them 40 cents apiece for each sealskin taken. As 100,000
were taken annually this gave the natives about $40,000 each
year, enough to support them. in qualified comfort. While this
sum was divided on a communal basis, some natives by thrift and
economy were able to save sums amounting to perhaps $2,500 each.
No interference with the expenditure of their earnings was made by
the agents of the government.
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
35
When, however, after 1890, under the lease of the North American
Commercial Company, the take of skins was reduced to a few thou¬
sands annually, the natives faced starvation. Their earnings at this
time, at the rate of 50 cents for each skin, were entirely insufficient.
To relieve this situation, the Government did not increase the wages
of the natives for taking skins, but, as the reduction of the catch was
due mainly to arbitrary restrictions by the Government, furnished
an annual appropriation of $19,500 to supplement the natives’
earnings for their support.
This appropriation, while keeping the natives from starving, made
an important change in their fiscal relations. Heretofore the native
could expend his earnings as he pleased. After the appropriation,
however, the earnings were secjuestered by the agents, and the natives
had no voice whatever in the expenditure of the money for which
they toiled. Each native was allotted articles of necessity to a cer¬
tain amount each week payable from his wages, and after the latter
were expended the appropriation was drawn upon at the same rate
until another sealing season intervened.
This practice exists to-day. The natives now receive $1 for each
skin taken, in addition to the annual appropriation of $19,500.
Their total income from taking seals and foxes, with the appropria¬
tion, was last year about $34,000, or somewhat more than $100 for
eacli person.
The system of distribution of these earnings is one of pure com¬
munism. The native men are divided into about four classes,
according to ability in taking seals. The members of each class
receive a like sum, those in the first class being given more than
those in the second, and so on to the fourth class, the lowest, which
embraces apprentices. These sums, whatever they may be, are
credited to each native and are drawn upon each week by orders on
the store issued by the agent to the head of each family, the amount
of the order varying witli the size of the family. This plan of com¬
pensation, while assuring provision for the natives’ immediate needs,
is highly objectionable when considered from a sociological stand¬
point, its weakness being that it reduces all to a common level. It
prevents that progress that accrues from the cultivation of superior
skill or greater self-denial, and makes a virtual almshouse of the
Pribilof reservation by dealing with the inhabitants as indigents.
It requires willing service of the native, but takes from him his wage
and expends it for his benefit without his consent. Incentive to
increased individual efficiency is lacking because effort to that end is
fruitless in bringing any greater benefit than if it had not been made.
It is reasonable to assume that the Government, while operating
on the seal islands for its own profit, at the same time desires to better
the condition of the native residents upon whose efforts it must depend
36
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
for successful conduct of its business. The first step in that direc¬
tion is to do away with the appropriation of Congress for their sup¬
port and to increase the wage earned through the taking of skins to a
sum at least equal to the amount necessary for their maintenance.
This would at once eliminate the objectionable element of charity in
the present system and allow each man to support himself and family
from his own earnings. Such a course is in my opinion not only an
act of simple justice, the consummation of which would, moreover,
involve no additional expense to the Government, but would go far
toward increasing the moral tone of the native, by making him more
self-reliant and self-respecting. It can be taken without additional
legislation, the Secretary of Commerce and Labor now having the
power under existing law to fix the natives’ compensation for taking
skins.
SCHEME OF COMPENSATION OF NATIVES.
The scheme of compensation embodied in the foregoing recom¬
mendations may be summarized as follows:
1. The appropriation for natives’ support to be discontinued.
2. For natives’ labor an allotment should be made of, say, $3 for
each sealskin.
3. The moneys thus derived should be formed into a general fund,
which should be prorated among all the natives of both islands.
4. This fund, by agreement with the natives, to be used for their
support at the rate of a certain weekly amount based upon the
number of mouths in each family.
5. The balance or remainder of each native’s account at the close of
each year to be paid to the native in cash.
It must be understood that the native is restricted by his work
to the seal islands and can not go forth to pursue any other vocation,
be it more or less profitable. It is not fair to this laborer to deny
him all progress in the world and to confine him in his necessarily
restricted sphere to such compensation only as permits the bare nec¬
essaries of life to him and his family. Whatever a corporation hav¬
ing a lease of the sealing privilege may have done, the United States
Government ought not to put its laborer into the condition of constant
and continuous vassalage with all progress denied him.
NATIVES ON THE ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO.
The Aleut race is not found on the mainland, but inhabits the
Aleutian Archipelago and several of the islands along the coast of
the Alaskan Peninsula. It was never numerous and now embraces
probably fewer than 1,000 souls, whose numbers are decreasing
rapidly from disease and insufficient food. Some action should be
taken to ameliorate their condition.
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
37
When discovered by the Russians in the eighteenth century, these
Aleuts were a hardy race of fishermen and aquatic hunters. In
their tiny bidarkis or skin boats they made long journeys and in
them successfully weathered storms that would have sent the
European rowboat to the bottom. They subsisted upon fish and
the flesh of such warm-blooded animals as they could capture.
Being a tractable race, except when goaded to desperation, they
were at once made use of by the Russians as hunters of the sea
otter, which was the fur the white men most eagerly sought. Whole
fleets of bidarkis with hundreds of native hunters would be trans¬
ported hundreds of miles from their homes, and thence with a little
food supplied them were put to sea to buffet with the storms of the
northern ocean which withal were not so greatly feared by the natives
as were their white masters. Thousands of them never returned.
Aleuts in numbers were taken to Sitka by the Russians as hunters
and laborers, and kept there until they died. Entire fleets of bidarki
hunters were loaned by the Russian company to foreign vessels to
hunt sea otter, the profits of the venture being shared equally by the
vessel and the company. The ship was required to pay the Russian
company about 200 Mexican dollars for every Aleut lost at sea or
killed by coast Indians. In 1805, 20 bidarkis were fitted out at
Kodiak and with a colony of natives were taken to San Quinten bay
in Lower California, where they were required to hunt for fur seals.
This colony struggled on until 1841, when it was abandoned.
In the draft of the terms upon which the Russian-American Com¬
pany should receive an extension of its charter, after its expiration in
1861, or thereabouts, the following paragraph is found:
10. The Aleuts and other peaceful natives within the colonies are relieved from
compulsory labor on behalf of the Russian-American Company. They shall be allowed
to settle in localities which they may find convenient, and shall be free to absent them¬
selves from the places of their residence, subject only to such rules of police as may be
established by the board of administration of the colonies.
Tins clause in the proposed charter was inserted to cure abuses in
respect to the treatment of natives reported by Golovnin and the
creole Kashevarof. In short, the Government would renew the
charter only under such terms as the company would not accept.
When the Russian-American Company acquired control of Alaska
the Aleuts were paid nothing for sea-otter skins, but in lieu of compen¬
sation received subsistence and “exemption from imperial taxes and
dues.” When this practice was forbidden by the Emperor Alexander
I and the company instructed to pay the natives for every skin
deposited by them with the company the natives received for every
sea otter 10 rubles in leather scrip, the equivalent of $2, but each
hunter was required to furnish his own subsistence. The company
sold the sea-otter skins for at least $100 each.
38
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
Upon the occupation of the territory by Americans, the native
from a condition of abject misery and want was plunged into a state
of affluence of which he knew not how to take advantage. Rival
trading companies established stations along the coast where sea
otters abounded, and bid eagerly for the furs brought in by the native
hunters. But while paying him liberally for the skins, the traders
adroitly exposed for sale in the stores articles of sheer luxury to
tempt the native’s cupidity and encourage him to expend the money
received for his skins. During the seventies and eighties the Aleut
sea-otter hunter clothed his women in satins and silks of the gaudiest
colors; his hut contained a brussels carpet and a parlor organ; his
church received large donations; in short, a great deal of his earnings
was expended at once for luxuries and he was forced to hypothecate
his next year’s catch of skins to obtain supplies to support his family
during the winter.
With the commercial disappearance of the sea otter, however,
the native again relapsed into a condition of penury bordering
on starvation. Whereas in the days of plenty he lived on tinned
meats and luxuries from the trader’s store, now to sustain life he was
driven again to fish and to hunt. Having contracted the vice of
drunkenness, even in his poverty he would barter his skins for rum,
or for sugar and flour with which to make the Russian strong beer.
Disease sapped his vitality and decimated his villages.
Such practically is the condition to-day of the native on the
Aleutian chain.- While formerly he had to subsist upon what he
could wrest from nature, he was then as free from the vices of civili¬
zation -as he is now of its saving benefits. His contact with the
white race has encouraged appetites of which the native was pre¬
viously ignorant and has taken away his self-reliance and ability to
cope with his surroundings. In his state of poverty, the furs he is
still able to gather are the object of desire of small traders, who
visit his settlements annually and exchange trade goods for furs.
The native has no resource but to part with his furs at such prices
as the trader may wish to give.
Unless the Government takes active measures this interesting race
of people will become extinct. And since the Government is trying
to save species of the lower animals which are threatened with that
calamity, it would seem proper that similar attention should be
paid to a race of human beings which is rapidly disappearing. A
simple and yet it is believed an effective plan to accomplish this end
is offered and earnestly recommended to the attention of the Depart¬
ment :
1. The entire Archipelago to be made a special reservation. This
can be accomplished without difficulty or friction. There are no
vested rights in the entire range of islands, so far as known, except
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
39
at Dutch Harbor, a small portion of which has been surveyed and
patented. The property of the Alaska Commercial Company at
Unalaska is built on a Government reservation on which it has only
squatter’s rights. For its buildings it should receive compensation.
The islands in this chain are devoid of timber. Coal or minerals
have appeared only in too small quantities to justify exploiting.
Agriculture on any scale to support life is impossible. Grazing is
impracticable. There are no good harbors except at Dutch Harbor
and Unalaska. Fish are plentiful but the streams are so small that
commercial fishing will not pay. In short, there exists no good rea¬
son why these islands should not be set apart for the use of those
aboriginal inhabitants claiming them as their native land.
2. Trading by private persons or corporations to be prohibited.
3. The Government to maintain a station at each principal settle¬
ment, of which there are not over five. Each station to contain a
store and a school, with a storekeeper and school-teacher, the whole
to be under the supervision of a general agent.
4. The storekeepers should buy the natives’ peltries and such other
articles as they may have for sale, including baskets, at a fair price;
the native should be encouraged to self-support and thrift.
5. Small fishing stations could be maintained, the product of which
could be marketed for natives’ account.
This plan can be worked out and operated with little trouble and
expense. Without some provision of this nature the Aleuts on the
Archipelago will be wiped out by disease and lack of food. With the
Government willingly expending thousands of dollars to prevent ex¬
termination of the lower animals, surely no justification is needed for
expenditure to prevent the extinction of a race of men who were
hardy and self-reliant until brought into contact with European
races.
MANUAL TRAINING FOR NATIVES.
During the Russian occupation certain native youths exhibiting
special aptitude were trained in the useful arts, such as carpentry,
boat building, iron and copper working, etc.
But those natives so educated in Russian times have nearly all
died, and the new generation can not build its own houses or boats.
No training of this character, although greatly needed, has been pro¬
vided by our Government.
Some arrangement should be made to teach the Aleuts how to work
at other employments than their natural one of hunting. A teacher
of the useful trades should be provided on each of the Pribilof Islands.
A small school could also be established at Unalaska, and the young
men from the entire archipelago sent there for a course of instruction.
I recommend this to careful consideration.
59395°— 11 - 27
40
FUR-SEAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1910.
FIRE PROTECTION FOR PRIBILOF ISLANDS.
The villages of St. Paul and St. George are entirely without fire
protection, and with the high winds that prevail are fortunate indeed
in never having- had a disastrous conflagration. Aside from the
money loss entailed, such a contingency, should it occur in winter
and destroy the food supply in the warehouses, would probably result
in the starvation of the inhabitants. Native dwellings have been
ignited by overturned kerosene lamps and in one case a whole native
family while asleep was asphyxiated by fire in the interior of their
house. In every case so far, however, the blaze has been discovered
and extinguished before it could take serious hold upon the frame¬
work of the building.
I strongly urge the provision of adequate fire protection for both
islands. The isolation of the locality demands that some means be
supplied for the prevention of conflagration, which there would be a
catastrophe. The investment of a small amount for this purpose
would be sufficient to provide protection for years, and would be the
cheapest fire insurance that could be obtained. Should these buildings
burn, the business not only would be seriously interfered with, and the
native and white inhabitants threatened with starvation, but the
Government would lose the amount of its investment and be obliged
to spend twice as much to replace the plant as was paid for it.
As to means, chemical apparatus could be used in summertime, but
would be of little avail in winter because of the likelihood of freezing
while not in use.
In winter, running water under pressure would be the only resort.
Running water is not available at present, but could be supplied by
any of the following means:
On St. Paul. — 1 . Sea water could be pumped through a small stand¬
pipe by a gasoline engine and distributed through mains in the village.
2. Fresh water from a lake a mile away could be piped to the village
by pumping, and held in a large reservoir of sufficient capacity to
furnish fresh water not only for fire protection but for natives’ use.
3. Water from wells a half mile from the village could be pumped
and used in the same manner as in suggestion 2.
On St. George. — 1. Salt water could be pumped as in the preceding
suggestion 1.
2. The water system already in use there, whereby water is brought
by gravity and siphoning from a lake to the village, could be adapted
to furnish a stream that would reach over any native dwelling and
probably any larger warehouse or dwelling.
THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST
By John N. Cobb
Assistant Agent at the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska
Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 751
1
CONTENTS.
Page.
Introduction . 5
I. The species of salmon and the runs . 6
Chinook, quinnat, or king salmon . 6
Sockeye, blueback, or red salmon . 8
Silver or coho salmon . 9
Humpback or pink salmon . 10
Dog or chum salmon . 11
Steelhead trout . 11
II. Fishing grounds and history of the fisheries . 12
Washington . 12
Columbia River . 13
Oregon . 15
California . 18
Alaska . 21
III. Apparatus and methods of the fisheries . 23
Gill nets . 23
Haul seines . 24
Diver nets . 25
Dip nets . 25
Squaw nets . 25
Purse seines . 26
Traps, or pound nets . 27
Indian traps . 29
Wheels . 30
Reef nets . 32
Trolling . 32
Bow and arrow . 34
Spear and gaff . 34
IV. Fishermen and other employees . 35
V. Fishery regulations . 37
Controversial forms of apparatus . 37
Laws and their enforcement . 40
VI. Methods of preparing salmon . 46
Canning . 46
Early days of the industry . 46
Handling the salmon . 49
Dressing . 50
Cutting . 50
Salting . 51
Filling the cans . 51
Washing the cans . 52
Capping . 53
Soldering. . 53
Testing . . . 54
Cooking . 54
3
4 CONTENTS.
VI. Methods of preparing salmon — Continued.
Canning — Continued. Page.
Sanitary, or solderless, cans . 55
Repairing cans . 56
Lacquering . 57
Labeling . 58
Brands . , . 59
Boxing or casing . 60
Can making . 60
Mild curing . 60
Pickling . ’ . 62
Dry salting . 62
Smoking . 63
Freezing . 64
Miscellaneous products . 65
Oil and fertilizer . 66
VII. Statistics of the Pacific salmon industry for 1909 . 68
Persons employed . 68
Investment . 68
Products . 70
Products canned . 70
Miscellaneous products . 73
Washington . 74
Statistics by counties . 75
Statistics by waters . 83
Columbia River . 90
Oregon . 92
Statistics by counties . 92
Statistics by waters . 97
California . 105
Statistics by counties . . . 108
Statistics by waters . 112
Alaska . 115
British Columbia . 119
VIII. Statistical data for other years . 121
Canning industry of Pacific coast of North America from 1864 to 1910 . 121
Canning industry shown by species and waters . 123
Pickling industry . 136
Mild-curing industry . 137
IX. Trade with outlying possessions . 138
X. Foreign trade in salmon . 140
Exports of canned salmon . 140
Exports of fresh and cured salmon . 149
Imports of fresh salmon . 152
Imports of cured salmon . 153
XI. Salmon culture . 154
California . 154
Oregon . 159
Columbia River and tributaries . 164
Washington . 168
British Columbia . 172
Alaska . *. . 174
THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST
By John N. Cobb,
Assistant Agent at the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska.
INTRODUCTION.
The most valuable commercial fisheries in the world, excepting
only the oyster and herring fisheries, are those supported by the sal¬
mons. Of these the most important by far are the salmon fisheries
of the Pacific coast of North America, where California, Oregon,
Washington, and Alaska, including also British Columbia, possess
industries representing millions of dollars of investment and millions
of output annually. No published reports contain data for the en¬
tire coast, or have pertained to the same year for both Alaska and
the States. In the following pages, containing the returns from a
canvass occupying several months, the data are complete for the
United States coast and Alaska for the year 1909, and to make the
report more comprehensive, historical and geographical aspects of
the subject, as well as methods of the fisheries and allied industries,
are discussed at some length. Figures for British Columbia have
been included also, so far as possible, the official reports of the
Dominion of Canada and of the Province itself having been drawn
upon for this purpose. The statistics for Alaska are taken from
the already printed (1909) report of Mr. Millard C. Marsh and the
present writer.®
° The fisheries of Alaska in 1909. By M. C. Marsh and J. N. Cobb, agents at the salmon
fisheries of Alaska. Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 730. 1910.
5
I. THE SPECIES OF SALMON AND THE RUNS.
The Pacific coast salmons are all included in the genus Oncorhyn-
chus. With them the fishermen incorrectly ’class the steelhead trout,
which really belongs to the closely related genus Salmo.
As long ago as 1731 the species of Oncorhynclius were first made
known by Steller. who, almost simultaneously with Ivrascheninikov,
another early investigator, distinguished them with perfect accuracy
under their Russian vernacular names. In 1792 Walbaum adopted
these vernacular names in a scientific nomenclature for these fishes.
Five species of salmon (Oncorhynchus) are found in the waters
of the north Pacific, ranging northward from Monterey Bay on
the American coast and Japan on the Asiatic, the extreme northern
distribution of certain of the species having not yet been accurately
determined. The five species arer (1) Oncorhynchus tschawytscha ,
quinnat, tyee, chinook, spring, or king salmon; (2) Oncorhynchus
nerka , blueback, red, sukkegh, or sockeye salmon; (3) Oncorhynchus
kisutch , silver, coho, or white salmon ; (4) Oncorhynchus keta , dog or*
chum salmon; and (5) Oncorhynchus gorbuscha , humpback or pink
salmon.
CHINOOK, QUINNAT, OR KING SALMON.
The largest, best known, and most valuable of these is the chinook
or king salmon (O. tschawytscha ). It is found throughout the
region from the Ventura River, Cal., to Norton Sound, Alaska, and
on the Asiatic coast as far south as northern China. As knowledge
extends, it will probably be recorded in the Arctic.
In the spring the body is silvery, the back, dorsal fin, and caudal
fin having more or less of round black spots, and the sides of the
head having a peculiar tin-colored metallic luster. In the fall the
color is, in some places, black or dirty red. The fish has an average
weight of about 22 pounds, but individuals weighing 70 to over 100
pounds are occasionally taken. One was caught near Klawak,
Alaska, in 1909, which weighed 101 pounds without the head. The
Yukon River is supposed to produce the finest examples, although
this supposition is not based on very reliable observations. The
southeast Alaska fish average as high as 23 pounds in certain sea¬
sons, followed by an average of about 22 pounds in the Columbia
River, and about 16 pounds in the Sacramento.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
7
In most places the flesh is of a deep salmon red, but in certain
places, notably southeast Alaska, Bristol Bay, Puget Sound, arid
British Columbia, many of the fish, the proportion being sometimes
as much as one-third of the catch, have white flesh. A few examples
have been taken with one side of the body red and the other white,
while some are found with mottled flesh. No reasonable explanation
of this phenomenon has yet been given.
In its southern range the quinnat strikes in at Monterey Bay in
sufficient numbers to justify commercial fishing about the middle of
April, where it is seen feeding upon the inshore moving schools of
herring and sardines, continuing until in August. There are two
runs of spawning fish in the Sacramento, the first or “ spring run ”
beginning in April and continuing throughout May and June, these
fish spawning mainly in the cold tributaries of the Sacramento, such
as the McCloud and Fall Rivers. The second or “ fall run ” occurs
in August, September, and October, and these fish spawn in the
riffles in the main river between Tehama and Redding, also entering
the tributaries in that vicinity. The two runs merge into each other.
It is also claimed that there is a third run which comes in December.
In former years the San Joaquin and the American and Feather
Rivers of the Sacramento system had large runs of salmon, but ex¬
cessive fishing and the operation of various mining and irrigation
projects have practically depleted them.
The Eel and Mad Rivers of northern California have only a late
or fall run, while the Klamath River has both a spring and a fall
run, and Smith River has a spring run alone. Rogue River in
Oregon has both a spring and a fall run, and the Umpqua and several
other coast streams of Oregon have small early runs.
The Columbia River has three runs, the first entering during
January, February, and March, and spawning mainly in the Clack¬
amas and neighboring streams. The second, which is the best run,
enters during May, June, and part of July, spawning mainly in the
headwaters. The third run occurs during late July, August, Sep¬
tember, and part of October, and spawns in the tributaries of the
lower Columbia.
In Puget Sound chinook salmon are found throughout the year,
although it is only during the spawning season that they are very
abundant. In the Fraser River, a tributary of the Sound, the run
occurs from March to August.
In the Skeena River, British Columbia, the run occurs from May
to July, the same being approximately true of the Nass also.
In southeast Alaska they are found all months of the year. From
March to the middle of June they are abundant and feeding in the
numerous straits and sounds; in May and June the spawning fish
enter the Unuk, Stikine, Taku, Chilkat, Alsek, and Copper Rivers
8
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
in large numbers, and in a few smaller streams in lesser abundance.
In August, September, and October they are again to be found in
large numbers feeding in the bays and sounds, while during the
winter months a few have been taken on trawls set for halibut, show¬
ing that they are living in the lower depths at this time.
In Cook Inlet the run occurs during May and June and is com¬
posed wholly of red-meated fish; in the rivers of Bristol Bay the run
comes in May and June, and the same is true of the Togiak, Kusko-
kwim, and Yukon Rivers, although fish may be seen in the upper
courses of the Yukon in July, the lateness here being due to the
immense distance the fish have to cover.
On the Asiatic side the chinook is found in some of the rivers of
Siberia.
SOCKEYE, BLUEBACK, OR RED SALMON.
The sockeye or blueback salmon (0. nerka ), which forms the great¬
est part of the canned salmon of the world, when it first comes in
from the sea is a clear bright blue above in color, silvery below. Soon
after entering the river for the purpose of spawning the color of the
head changes to a rich olive, the back and sides to crimson and finally
to a dark blood red, and the belly to a dirty white. The maximum
weight is about 12 pounds, and length 3 feet, with the average weight
about 5 pounds, varying greatly, however, in different localities. Ob¬
servations of Chamberlain a in Alaska show that the average weight
of a number of sockeyes taken from Yes Bay was 8.294 pounds,
while the average weight of a number from Tamgas was only 3.934
pounds. Evermann and Goldsborough h report as a result of the
weighings of 1,390 red salmon, taken from as many different places
in Alaska as possible, an average weight for the males of 7.43 pounds ;
for the females, 5.78 pounds; or an average weight for both sexes of
6.57 pounds. A run of small, or dwarf, males accompanies certain
of the main runs, these being especially noticeable in the Chignik
lagoon, Alaska, run. This species usually enters streams with acces¬
sible lakes in their courses.
A few specimens of the sockeye have been taken as far south as
the Sacramento River. In Humboldt County, Cal., small runs are
said to occur in Mad and Eel Rivers. Only an occasional specimen
appears in the coastal streams of Oregon. The Columbia is the
most southern river in which this species is known to run in any
numbers, entering the river with the spring run of chinooks. From
here south the species is called blueback exclusively. A considerable
run enters the Quinniault River, Wash., and there is also a small run
in Ozette Lake, just south of Cape Flattery.
a Some observations on salmon and trout in Alaska. By F. M. Chamberlain, naturalist,
I’. S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Document no. 627, p. 80.
b The fishes of Alaska. By B. W. Evermann and E. L. Goldsborough. Bulletin Bureau
of Fisheries, vol. xxvi, p. 257.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
9
In the Puget Sound region, where it is known as the sockeye,
this species ascends only the Skagit River in commercial numbers,
although a small run appears in the Lake Washington system of
lakes and, possibly, in the Snohomish, Stillaguamish, and Nooksack
Rivers.
The greatest of all the sockeye streams is the Fraser River, Brit¬
ish Columbia, and this stream has been famous from very early
days for its enormous runs of this species, a peculiar feature of
which is that there is a marked quadrennial periodicity in the run.
The maximum run occurs the year following leap year, the minimum
on the year following that. The greater part of the catch of the
Puget Sound fishermen is made from this run as it is passing through
Washington waters on its way to the Fraser. The fish strike in
during July and August on the southwest coast of Vancouver Island,
apparently coming from the open sea to the northwest. They pass
the Straits of Juan de Fuca, Rosario, and Georgia, spending con¬
siderable time in the passage and about the mouth of the river.
Small numbers run as early as May and as late as October, but the
main body enters about the first week in August.
The sockeye occurs in most of the coastal streams of British
Columbia, and is usually the most abundant species. The prin¬
cipal streams frequented are the Skeena, Rivers Inlet, Nass, Lowe
Inlet, Dean Channel, Namu Harbor, Bella Coola, Smith Inlet, Alert
Bay, and Alberni Canal.
In Alaska, where this fish is generally known as the red salmon,
it is abundant and runs in great numbers in all suitable streams,
of which, in southeast Alaska, the following are the most important :
Boca de Quadra, Naha, Yes Bay, Thorne Bay, Karta Bay, Nowiskay,
Peter Johnson, Hessa, Hetta, Hunter Bay, Klawak, Redfish Bay,
Stikine, Taku, Chilkoot, Chilkat, Alsek, Seetuck, Ankow, etc.; in
central Alaska, Copper, Knik, Kenai, Sushitna, Afognak, Karluk,
Alitak, Chignik; in the Bristol Bay region, the Ugashik, Ugaguk,
Naknek, Kvichak, Nushagak, and Wood. It is also supposed to
occur in the Togiak, Kuskokwim, and Yukon Rivers, which debouch
into Bering Sea, and probably occurs in the Arctic streams of Alaska.
The run in Alaska begins usually in June and extends usually to the
middle of August. It begins earlier in Prince William Sound, and
sometimes extends into September in southeast Alaska.
On the Asiatic side the species is known to occur at Bering Island
and in all suitable streams south to Japan, where it is found land¬
locked in Lake Akan, in northern Hokkaido.
SILVER OR COHO SALMON.
The silver or coho salmon ( O . kisutch) is silvery in spring, green¬
ish on the upper parts, where there are a few faint black spots. In
10
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
the fall the males are mostly of a dirty red. The flesh in this species
is of excellent flavor, but paler in color than the red salmon, and
hence less valued for canning purposes.
This species has a maximum weight of about 30 pounds, with a
general average of about G pounds.
The silver salmon is found as far south as Monterey Bay, where
it appears during the month of July and is taken by the trollers.
From Eel River, in California, north, it is found in most of the
coastal streams. It usually appears in July and runs as late as
November, the time of appearance and disappearance varying some¬
what in different sections. Owing to its late appearance compara¬
tively few, and they usually in the early part of the season, are
packed by the canneries, most of which shut down in July and August.
This fish also tarries but a short time about the mouth of the stream
it is to enter, and is wary of nets, which makes it rather unprofitable
to fish for the latter part of the season when it is running alone.
On the Asiatic side the coho ranges down the coast to Japan.
HUMPBACK OR PINK SALMON.
The humpback or pink salmon ( O . gorbuscha) is the smallest of
the American species, weighing from 3 to 11 pounds, the average
being about 4 pounds. In color it is bluish above, silvery below, the
posterior and upper parts with many round black spots, the caudal
fin always having a few large black spots, oblong in shape. The
males in fall are dirty red and are very much distorted in shape, a
decided hump appearing on the back, from which deformity the
species acquires its name. The flesh is softer than in the other
species; it is pale in color, hence its canned name, “ pink ” salmon.
The southern limit of the fish is the Sacramento River, but only
occasional specimens are found here and in the rivers to the north¬
ward until Puget Sound is reached. Here a large run appears every
other year, the only place on the coast where such is the case.
The humpback occurs in varying abundance in the waters of Brit¬
ish Columbia, but it is in the waters of southeast Alaska that it ap¬
pears in its greatest abundance. Many of the canneries in this region
depend mainly upon the humpback for their season’s pack, and the
canned product now occupies an excellent position in the markets of
the world. The fish spawn in nearly all of the small, short streams.
In central and western Alaska the runs are much smaller and the
humpback is not much sought after by the cannery men, who are usu¬
ally able to fill their cans with the more valuable species.
On the Asiatic side it is found in the rivers of Siberia (abundant
in the Amur), but not in Japan.
In southeast Alaska the run begins in June and continues until
September, or even later in some places. In western Alaska the period
is somewhat shorter. In Puget Sound it continues until late in the fail.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
11
DOG OR CHUM SALMON.
The dog or chum salmon ( O . Jceta) reaches a maximum weight
of 16 pounds, the average being about 8 pounds. When it first ap¬
pears along the coast it is dirty silvery, immaculate or sprinkled with
small black specks, the fins dusky, the sides with faint traces of grid¬
ironlike bars. Later in the season the male is brick red or blackish,
and its jaws are greatly distorted. Its flesh is quite pale, especially
when canned, when also it is mushy in texture. It is especially good
for freezing, salting, and smoking.
This species has a wide distribution. It is found as far south as
San Francisco, but is not utilized commercially in California except
on Eel River. It is found in most of the coastal streams from here
north, being especially abundant from Puget Sound northward to
southeast Alaska, both inclusive. In this region it is being utilized
in greater abundance each year, as the market for it widens.
In central, western, and arctic Alaska the species occurs in varying
abundance, but is utilized sparingly, except by the natives, with whom
it is the favorite species dried for winter food.
This is the most abundant species of salmon in Japan, where it is
called sake, and large quantities are dry-salted each year. In Siberia
the species is abundant and is known as kaita or kita.
The run of dog salmon comes later than that of any other species
except the coho. In Alaska it begins in June, but the height of the
season does not occur until late in August or early in September, and
fish are found as late as November. In Puget Sound they run from
about the middle of August till late in November, and practically the
same is true in the Columbia River.
STEELHEAD TROUT.
The steelhead trout ( Salmo goirdneri) is commonly classed as one
of the salmons by the fishermen of the Pacific coast, and it has been
included in this report on this account. In different localities the
average weight is placed at from 8 to 15 pounds, while extreme sizes
reach 45 pounds. The excellent quality of its flesh, causes it to be
highly prized for the fresh market, but owing to its pale color only
limited quantities are canned.
The principal center of abundance of this species is the Columbia
River. It is found from Carmel River, Cal., north to central Alaska,
and possibly has an even wider range in Alaska. It seems to be found
in the rivers during the greater part of the year. In the Columbia
River the spawning season is from February to May, in Puget Sound
in the spring, and in southeast Alaska in May and June. The best
commercial fishing is in January, February, and March. In Califor¬
nia the catching of this species is restricted to hook and line fishing.
II. FISHING GROUNDS AND HISTORY OF THE FISHERIES.
WASHINGTON.
Puget Sound. — Strictly speaking, the name Puget Sound should be
restricted to that long, narrow arm extending south from the Strait
of Juan cle Fuca, but a practice has developed, and is now common
among fishermen and others, of designating all the great water area
in the State of Washington comprising Puget Sound proper, Strait
of Juan de Fuca, Canal de Haro, Rosario Strait, the Gulf of
Georgia, and the smaller straits, bays, and sounds, as Puget Sound,
and this practice, for convenience sake, has been followed in this
report.
This great indentation in the coast, with its numerous islands and
many fine harbors, has greatly aided the development of this portion
of Washington and has been especially favorable to the prosecution
of the salmon and other fisheries. Numerous rivers and creeks enter
the Sound, the more important of these being on the eastern shore
and comprising the Nooksack, Skagit, Stillaguamish, Snohomish,
Duwamish, Puyallup, and Nisqually. On the southern and western
shores the tributary streams are nearly all small, the more important
being the Skohomish, Quilcene, Dungeness, and Elwha.
The first fishing operations by white men were begun soon after
the settlement at what is now known as Seattle, about 1852. For
many years the catch was sold either fresh or salted. The first
salmon cannery on Puget Sound was erected in 1877, at Mukilteo, in
Snohomish County. The first pack was of 5,000 cases, composed
wholly of silver or coho salmon. Later this plant put up the first
humpbacks ever canned. In 1880 the cannery was removed to West
Seattle. In 1885 other canneries were erected at Mukilteo, Seattle,
Tacoma, and Clallam Bay, most of them packing silver and hump¬
back salmon alone. The first sockeye salmon cannery was established
at Semiahmoo. in Whatcom County, in 1892, from which time on
the industry fluctuated considerably, 15 canneries being operated
in 1910.
Quillayute River. — This is a small stream, about 30 miles in length,
which flows through the southwestern part of Clallam County and
empties directly into the ocean. The Quillayute Indian Reservation
is located here and the natives catch some salmon and market them
on Puget Sound.
12
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
13
Quiniault River. — This river, which enters the ocean in the north¬
western part of Chehalis County, has a length from the ocean to
Quiniault Lake of about 40 miles, wholly within the boundaries of
the Quiniault Indian Reservation. Fishing is restricted to the In¬
dians and the catch is generally shipped by rail to Hoquiam and
Aberdeen, on Grays Harbor, and sold to the dealers at these places.
Grays Harbor. — This is the first important indentation on the coast
of Washington south of Cape Flattery. It is about 40 miles long
from east to west and about 20 miles wide in the widest part. The
principal tributary is the Chehalis River, but there are a number of
small streams which debouch into the harbor.
As early as 1878 there was a cannery on Grays Harbor, but from
then until 1891 the data relating to this branch of the industry are
very meager. In 1910 two canneries were in operation at Aberdeen
and Hoquiam, respectively.
Willapa Harbor. — The entrance to this harbor, which also includes
Shoalwater Bay, is about 27 miles south of Grays Harbor. The har¬
bor runs east and west and is about 25 miles long. Shoalwater Bay
extends south from it a distance of about 30 miles ; its southern por¬
tion ending about a mile from the Columbia River, and on the west¬
ern side being separated from the ocean by a spit varying in width
from three-fourths to 1 mile. The bay is shallow, excepting in the
main channel. The principal salmon streams entering the harbor
are the Nasel and North Rivers, in which most of the pound or trap
nets are located.
Data relating to the early history of the fisheries of this section
are very meager. In 1887 there were four canneries in operation,
probably the largest number ever operated. In 1910 there was but
one — at South Bend.
COLUMBIA RIVER.
The Columbia, which is the largest river of the Pacific coast, rises
in British Columbia, flows through Washington, reaching the north¬
ern border of Oregon about 75 miles west of the State’s eastern
boundary; from this point the river forms the dividing line be¬
tween Oregon and Washington, its general course being westerly.
It empties into the Pacific at Cape Disappointment. Its principal
tributaries are the Snake, John Day, Deschutes, and Williamette
Rivers, and through these the main river drains an enormous extent
of territory.
This river, which has produced more salmon than any other river
in the world, has had a most interesting history. Many years be¬
fore the white man saw its waters the Indians visited its banks
during the annual salmon runs and caught and cured their winter’s
supply of food. It was about the year 1833 that a small trading
sloop, under the command of Capt. Lamont, came into the Columbia
14
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
River on one of her regular trips and dropped anchor near what is
now known as St. Helens. While waiting several months for a re¬
turn cargo the captain salted a number of barrels of chinook salmon,
using old Jamaica rum kegs for the purpose. This is the first record
of the export of this toothsome fish.
In 1861, H. N. Rice and Jotham Reed began packing salted salmon
in barrels at Oak Point, 60 miles below Portland. The first season’s
pack amounted to 600 barrels. The venture proved fairly profitable
and was soon participated in by others.
In the spring of 1866 William Hume, who had assisted in starting
the first salmon cannery in the United States, on the Sacramento
River, in 1864, finding the run of fish in the latter stream rather dis¬
appointing, started a cannery on the Columbia at Eagle Cliff, Wash.,
about 40 miles above Astoria. Then the river literally swarmed
with salmon, and the cannery had no trouble in packing 4,000 cases,
which it increased to 18,000 the next year and to 28,000 cases in
1868. In 1867 a crude cannery on a scow was started by S. W.
Aldrich, who did all the work, from fishing to canning, himself. In
1868 a cannery was built near Eagle Cliff by one of the Humes, and
from this time on for a* number of years the industry grew by leaps
and bounds.
The banner year in the canning industry was 1884, when 620,000
cases of chinook salmon were marketed. At this time the runs were
so enormous that tons and tons of salmon were thrown overboard
by the fishermen because the canneries were unable to handle them.
At the present time (1910) there are 10 canneries in operation
on the river, while large quantities of salmon are also frozen, mild
cured, pickled, smoked, and sold fresh in the markets of the vrorld.
Commercial fishing is carried on mainly between the mouth of the
Columbia and Celilo, a distance of about 200 miles, and in the Wil¬
lamette River. The most of it is in the lower part of the river,
within about 40 miles of its mouth. Bakers Bay, on the Washington
or north side, and just wdthin the river’s mouth, is the favorite
ground for pound-net fishing. The principal gill-net drifting
ground is from the river’s mouth to about 20 miles above Astoria,
but drifting is done wherever convenient reaches are found much
farther up the river. Most of the drag seines are hauled on the sandy
bars in the river near Astoria, which are uncovered at low water.
Wheels are operated in the upper river above the junction of the
Willamette with the main river.
Astoria is the principal center for all branches of the industry, but
more especially for canning. Other places in addition to Astoria
at which canneries are located are Ilwaco, Eagle Cliff, Altoona,
Brookfield, Pillar Rock, Cathlamet, on the Washington shore, and
at Warrendale, Rooster Rock, and Seuferts, on the Oregon shore.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
15
OREGON.
Necanicum Creel'. — This short stream is in Clatsop County and
enters the Pacific Ocean about 10 miles south of the Columbia River.
Its fisheries are of small importance.
Nehalem River. — The Nehalem is a small coastal river that rises
in the mountains of Clatsop and Columbia Counties, and flows into
the Pacific Ocean in the northern part of Tillamook County. As
early as 1887 there was a small cannery here, and the business has
been followed ever since.
Tillamook Bay and River. — Tillamook River is a very short stream
which enters Tillamook Bay, the latter being in Tillamook County
and about 45 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River.
Fishing is carried on mainly in the bay/ The earliest record we
have of canneries on this bay is of 1886, when two were in operation.
Since 1891 but one has been operated.
Nestueca River. — This stream enters the ocean in the southwestern
part of Tillamook County. A cannery operated here in 1887 and the
business has been carried on intermittently since then.
Siletz River. — This river has its source in the mountains of Polk
County, and enters the ocean in the northern part of Lincoln County.
The commercial development of the fisheries was hampered for
many years owing to the fact that the river was within the boun¬
daries of what was then the Siletz Indian Reservation. The first
cannery was established here in 1896.
Yaquina Bay and River. — The Yaquina (“crooked”) River is
about 60 miles long; its general course is nearly west through the
county of Benton. The river is narrow throughout the greater part
of its length. A few miles from its mouth it suddenly broadens out
into an estuary from one-half to three-fourths of a mile wide which
is commonly called Yaquina Bay. The river enters the Pacific about
100 miles south of the Columbia.
Salmon canning was begun on this river in 1887, when two small
canneries were constructed. The next year an additional plant was
erected. The business has fluctuated considerably since then and
there is now but one cannery.
The fishing grounds are all in the bay and the lower section of
the river. The fishermen of this section are fortunate in that they
have railroad communication with the outside world, the only place
on the ocean side of Oregon, except Tillamook, so situated.
' Alsea Bay and River. — Alsea River rises in the southwestern part
of Benton County, and flows in nearly a northwesterly direction to
the Pacific, a distance of about 60 miles. Like the aquina, the
“ bay” is merely a broadening out of the river just inside its mouth.
The first cannery was established in 1886 and by 1888 there were three
in operation. For many years past but one has been in operation.
59395°— 11 - 28
16
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
The best fishing grounds are from the mouth of the river to about
5 miles inland.
Siuslaw River. — This river has its source in the mountains of
Lane County, and its course lies first in a northwesterly direction
and to the westward until the Pacific is reached. Through part
of its course it is the dividing line between Lane and Douglas
Counties.
As early as 1878 there were two canneries operated on this river,
but from 1879 till 1888 there are no data available showing the ex¬
tent of the fisheries. At present there are two canneries in operation.
The salmon fishing grounds extend from near the mouth of the
river to about 20 miles upstream.
Umpqua River. — With the exception of the Columbia this is the
largest and longest river in Oregon. It is formed by north and
south forks, which unite about 9 miles northwest of Roseburg, and
the river then flows northwestwardly and enters the Pacific. Prac¬
tically all of this river is within the boundaries of Douglas County,
one of the largest counties in the State. A railroad is now being
built along this river and when this is completed there will doubtless
be a large development of the fisheries of this region owing to the
opportunities which will then be offered for shipping fresh fish.
As early as 1878 there were two canneries located on the Umpqua.
The number has never been larger than this, and usually there has
been but one operating. In 1910 there was but one, at Gardiner.
Coos Bay and River.- — Coos Bay is a navigable semicircular inlet
of the ocean with numerous arms or branches. There is much
marshy ground in the bay, and a number of sloughs, or small creeks,
which empty into the bay from both sides. Coos River proper is an
unimportant stream, but a few miles in length. North Bend, Marsh¬
field, and Empire are the principal towns on the bay. A branch
railroad is being built to these points from the main line of the South¬
ern Pacific Railway, and as soon as this is completed the fishing in¬
dustry will receive a great impetus. Heretofore this region has de¬
pended upon steamers and sailing vessels plying to Portland and
San Francisco for its communication with the outside world, and
this slow and infrequent means of shipment has very seriously
handicapped the fisheries.
Salmon canning began here in 1887, when two canneries opened for
business. The business has fluctuated considerably since, most of the
time but one cannery being operated, and such being the case in 1910.^
Fishing is carried on mainly in the bay. A few set nets are oper¬
ated in the river.
Coquille River. — This river is formed by three branches, called the
North, Middle, and South Forks, which rise in the Umpqua Moun-
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
17
tains and unite near Myrtle Point, the head of tidewater, about 45
miles by river from the mouth of the stream. It is a deep and slug¬
gish river, with no natural obstructions to hinder the free passage of
fish. Its fisheries have been seriously hampered by the lack of rail¬
road communication, but this will be remedied, as the railroad to
Coos Bay will eventually connect with a short line now in existence
between the Coquille and Coos Bay.
The principal towns on the Coquille River are Bandon, Prosper,
Coquille, and Myrtle Point. Bandon is the shipping port.
Pickled salmon were cured and shipped from this river very early,
the first recorded instance of any considerable quantity being in 1877,
when 3,000 barrels of salmon were sent to San Francisco. The salt
shipments were important until within recent years. The first sal¬
mon cannery was erected in 1883, at Parkersburg. In 1886 another
was built at the same place, and the following year still another was
erected close by. This was the largest number ever in operation in
any one year. In 1910 two canneries were operated, both at Prosper.
The fishing grounds are from the mouth to Myrtle Point, about 45
miles inland.
Sixes River. — This small river is located in the northern part of
Curry County, and is about 40 miles in length, entering the Pacific
a very short distance above Cape Blanco. The salmon caught here
are either salted or shipped fresh to the canneries on the Coquille
River.
Elk River. — This is another small stream about 40 miles in length,
which enters the Pacific just south of Cape Blanco. As on the Sixes
River the salmon are either salted or sold fresh to the canneries on
the Coquille River.
Rogue River. — This river has as its source Crater Lake in the
Cascade Mountains, on the western border of Klamath County, flow¬
ing a distance of about 325 miles to the ocean, which it enters at
Wedderburn. Its principal tributaries are the Illinois, Applegate,
and Stewart Rivers. Owing to canyons and falls in the main river
between the mouth of the Illinois River and Hellgate, the latter
near Hogan Creek, which runs through the town of Merlin, naviga¬
tion and fishing are impossible in that section. Except at the mouth
of the river the population is very sparse until about the neighbor¬
hood of Hogan Creek, where the river approaches the railroad, and
from here on for some miles there are numerous growing towns.
Owing to the fact of there being both a spring and a fall run of
salmon in this river, the fisheries early became of importance, al¬
though sadly hampered because of being compelled to depend wholly
on vessel communication with San Francisco, many miles away.
In the early years the salmon were pickled and shipped to San Fran-
18
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
cisco. In 1877 Mr. R. D. Hume, who had been canning salmon on
the Columbia River, removed to the Rogue River, and established
near the mouth a cannery which he operated every season (except
1894, when the cannery burned down) until his death in November,
1908, since which date it has been operated by his heirs. Mr. Hume
also operated a large cold-storage plant at Wedderburn for several
years.
The development of the fisheries of the lower Rogue River was
very much hampered by the monopoly which Mr. Hume acquired
and maintained until his death. He bought both shores of the
river for 12 miles from its mouth, and also owned an unbroken
frontage on the ocean shore extending 7 miles north from the mouth
of the river. As a result of this, independent fishermen could find
no convenient places for landing, which was necessary in order to
cure, handle, and ship the fish caught. Since Mr. Hume’s death
the property has been sold to various parties, but the people of
Oregon, upon an initiative and referendum petition, voted in 1910 to
close Rogue River to all commercial fishing.
In the upper river ranchers living along the banks have engaged
in fishing for a number of years, the catch for the most part being
sold fresh. In recent years, as the country has developed, this
fishery has become fairly important.
Chetco and Wind chuck Rivers. — These two unimportant streams
empty into the Pacific in the lower part of Curry County, not far
from the California line. The former is about 20 miles and the
latter about 25 miles in length. Both have runs of salmon, and
small fisheries have been maintained for some years, the catch being
either pickled or sold to the California canneries.
CALIFORNIA.
Smith River. — This river, which is the most northerly one in the
State, rises near the Siskiyou Mountains, and runs in a westerly
direction to the Pacific Ocean.
The river has only a spring run of salmon, and the early recorded
history of the fisheries is fragmentary. The pickling of salmon
was the main business at first and has been important ever since, as
the cannery, which was first established in 1878, operated irregu¬
larly, and seems to have shut down entirely in 1895.
Klamath River. — This is the most important river in California
north of the Sacramento. It issues from the Lower Klamath Lake
in Klamath County, Oreg., and runs southwesterly across Siskiyou
County, passes through the southeastern section of Del Norte
County, keeping its southerly course into Humboldt County, where
it forms a junction with the Trinity River, and thence its course is
directed to the northwest until it reaches the Pacific Ocean.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
19
The Klamath River is important as a salmon stream because it has
both a spring and fall run of salmon. In 1888 a cannery was estab¬
lished at Requa, at the mouth, and this has been operated occasion¬
ally ever since. The pickling of salmon has been done here for a
number of years. Some years part of the catch has been shipped
fresh to the cannery on Smith River, or to the Rogue River, Oreg.,
cannery.
Humboldt Bay and tributaries. — The shore line of Humboldt
County is bold and high except in the vicinity of Humboldt Bay,
where it is rather flat. The latter is the only harbor along the
county shore, and it is quite difficult of access, owing to the bar at
the entrance, upon which the sea breaks quite heavily. The bay is
about 12 miles long and about 3 miles wide. Mad River, which has
its rise in the lower part of Trinity County, runs in a northwesterly
direction, then makes a sharp tufn and enters the bay from the north
side. Eel River, which has its rise in Lake County, far to the south¬
east, runs in a northwesterly direction and enters the bay at its
southern extremity. Small railroads running south from Eureka
traverse the shores of both rivers for some miles. A railroad to run
from the north side of San Francisco Bay to Eureka is now nearing
completion, and when in operation it will doubtless aid very mate¬
rially in extending the market for salmon caught in these rivers.
Mattole River. — This is a small and unimportant river in the
southern part of Humboldt County, and is said to have a good run
of salmon each year, but no commercial fishing has as yet been car¬
ried on here.
Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. — These two rivers are the
most important rivers in California. The Sacramento is quite
crooked, the distance by river from Red Bluff to San Francisco be¬
ing about 375 miles, while the distance by rail between these two
places is only 225 miles. The river rises in several small lakes in
the mountains about 20 miles west of Sisson, in Siskiyou County,
and for nearly half its length flows through a narrow canyon. The
upper portion is a typical mountain stream, with innumerable pools
and rapids. A little above Redding the river emerges from the can¬
yon and widens into a broad shallow stream. Below Sacramento it
runs through a level country and is affected by tides. Sloughs are
numerous in this stretch, some connecting it with the San Joa¬
quin. The Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers join as they empty
into Suisun Bay.
The principal tributaries of the Sacramento which are frequented
by salmon are the Pit and McCloud Rivers and Battle Creek. At
one time salmon frequented the American and Feather Rivers, but
mining and irrigation operations along these streams either killed
them off or drove them away.
20
SALMON' FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
The San Joaquin River has its source in the Sierra Nevada Moun¬
tains. Flowing westerly and forming the boundary between Fresno
and Madera Counties for a considerable distance, it then turns ab¬
ruptly to the north just where it is joined by Fresno Slough, which
drains Lake Tulare. From here its general course is northwesterly
until it joins the Sacramento River, near the latter’s mouth. The
Chouchilla and Fresno Rivers are the principal tributaries of the
San Joaquin.
The principal fishing grounds for salmon are Suisun Bay, the
lower part of San Joaquin River, and the Sacramento River as
high as the vicinity of Sacramento. Drift gill nets are used almost
exclusively in this section. From Sacramento to Anderson there is
considerable commercial fishing, more particularly with haul seines.
Owing to the early and excellent railroad facilities which the fish¬
eries of the Sacramento River haVe enjoyed, they have not been
handicapped so seriously as most of the other Pacific coast rivers in
finding profitable outlets for the catch. Soon after the first trans¬
continental line was opened the shipping of fresh salmon to eastern
. points began and it has been an important feature of the industry
ever since.
The chief event in the history of the salmon fisheries of this river
is the fact that the canning of salmon on the Pacific coast had its in¬
ception here in 1864. The circumstances leading up to this event
and its consummation are interestingly told by Mr. R. D. Flume in
the following words:
The first salmon cannery of the United States was located at Washington,
Yolo County, Cal. A part of the building was originally a cabin situated on
the river bank outside of the levee just opposite the foot of K Street, Sacra¬
mento city. It was built in 1S52 and occupied by James Booker, Percy Wood-
som, and William Hume. William Hume came to California in the spring of
1S52, bringing with him a salmon gill net, which he had made before leaving
his home at Augusta, Me. In company with James Booker and Percy Woodsom,
Mr. Hume began fishing for salmon in the Sacramento River just in front
of the city of Sacramento. William Hume had been salmon fishing in the
Kennebec River in the State of Maine with his father, where his father and
grandfather had been engaged in the same business since 1780, and their
ancestors in Scotland had for pleasure pursued the sportive salmon on the
Tweed and Tay for centuries before. In 1S56 William Hume went back to
Maine, and on his return to California the same year was accompanied by his
brothers, John and G. W. Hume, who also engaged in salmon fishing in the
Sacramento River. Among the schoolmates of G. W. Hume was one Andrew
S. Hapgood, who had learned the tinsmith’s trade, and who a short time after
G. W. Hume left for California went to Boston and entered the employ of J. B.
Hamblen, a pioneer in the canning business, and was sent by him to Fox
Island on the coast of Maine, to engage in canning lobsters. The canning of
lobster was a new and growing industry, and Mr. Hamblen, to increase his
business, a short time after sent Mr. Hapgood to the Bay of Chaleur, an arm
of the sea which divides the Province of Quebec from that of New Brunswick,
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
21
where, in addition to the canning of lobster, they also canned a few salmon.
I believe this was the first salmon canned on the American Continent, and I
am informed that.the business in a small way is still carried on in that section
of the country. In 1S63 G. W. Hume went back to Maine, and while there
visited Mr. Hapgood at Fox Island, to which place he had been again sent by
Mr. J. B. Hamblen to take charge of the works at that place. During the visit
of Mr. G. W. Hume to his friend Hapgood a talk about salmon was had, and
it was agreed that if salmon on the Pacific coast were as plentiful as repre¬
sented by Mr. Hume much money could be made in a salmon-cannery business.
The plan decided on was that Mr. G. W. Hume, on his return to California,
should try and induce his brother William to engage In the business with them,
and, if he succeeded in so doing, Mr. Hapgood should purchase the necessary
machinery and come out to California in time for the spring season of 1864.
Mr. William Hume being agreeable to take part in the enterprise, Mr. Hapgood
set out on the journey and arrived at San Francisco on March 23, 1864, and
a few days later at the location where the operations were afterwards
conducted.®
* * * * * * *
For a considerable time after the salmon-canning business was inaugurated
the packers suspended operations in the early part of July of each year, as at
that time the market would take only goods which showed a rich oil and the
best food values.* * 6
The business languished after the firm established its cannery on
the Columbia River, but in 1874 was renewed again by others and
continued with varying success until 1905, when it ceased, owing to
the smaller quantity of fish available and the difficulty of competing
with the mild-cure packers and the fresh-fish dealers.
Monterey Bay. — The first harbor south of San Francisco is Mon¬
terey Bay, a large indentation cutting into Santa Cruz and Monterey
Counties. Only a portion of it is well sheltered, however. For a
number of years it had been known that salmon frequented the
waters of this bay for the purpose of feeding on the young fishes
which swarmed there. Sportsmen frequently caught them with rod
and reel, but it was not until the early eighties that the industry
was established on a commercial basis. It has since grown very
rapidly. The catch has either been mild cured at Monterey or
shipped fresh.
ALASKA.
Alaska is the most favored salmon-fishing region. Many rivers,
some of great length and draining enormous areas, intersect the dis¬
trict in every direction, while the number of small creeks is countless.
Almost every one of these have runs of salmon of varying abundance.
The principal streams entering Bering Sea are the Yukon, Kus-
kokwim, Togiak, Nushagak, Kvichak, Naknek, Ugaguk, and Ugashik ;
in central Alaska the Chignik, Karluk, Alitak, Sushitna, and Copper
“ The description of the machinery used and the methods of canning have been quoted
in full under “ Canning ” elsewhere in this report.
6 The first salmon cannery. By R. D. Hume. Pacific Fisherman, Seattle, Wash., vol. n,
no. 1, January, 1904, p. 19—21.
22
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Rivers are the main streams, while in southeast Alaska are found,
among many others, the Anklow, Seetuck, Alsek, Chilkat, Chilkoot,
Taku, Stikine, and Unuk Rivers. Most of the fishing in Alaska is
carried on in the bays into which these rivers debouch. In southeast
Alaska, which is composed largely of islands, the fishing is carried on
mainly in the bays, sounds, and straits among these.
Even before the purchase of the District from Russia in 1867 our
fishermen occasionally resorted to southeast Alaska and prepared
salted salmon. The salmon fisheries did not become important, how¬
ever, until canning Avas begun. The first two canneries in the District
were built in the spring of 1878, both being located in southeast
Alaska. One was built by the Cutting Packing Co. at the Redoubt,
Old Sitka, on Baranof Island, while the other Avas constructed at
Klawak, on Prince of Wales Island, by the North Pacific Trading &
Packing Co., which latter company still operates at the same place.
The first cannery in central Alaska was built by Smith & Hirsch
at Karluk, on Kodiak Island; in western Alaska the first was con¬
structed on Nushagak Bay in 1884 by the Arctic Packing Co.
OAving to the increased demand for canned salmon and the inability
of the coast States canneries to keep pace with it, the number of
canneries in Alaska rapidly increased for some years until in 1890,
when there were 38 in operation. The inevitable happened about this
time, hoAvever, the production having far outstripped the demand,
and canned salmon became a drug on the market.
Heretofore each cannery had operated without regard to the others,
but with this condition of affairs prevailing it was soon percen^ed that
steps to reduce the output would have to be taken, and a number of
the companies pooled their packs, reduced the number of plants oper¬
ated, and thus cut down the output nearly one-half. The first ar¬
rangement was only temporary, but in 1893 a number of the com¬
panies combined permanently and formed the Alaska Packers’ Asso¬
ciation, which was then, and is yet, the largest company operating in
the District.
Since 1893 the industry has experienced periods of alternate pros¬
perity and adversity. In 1910 there were in operation 23 canneries
in southeast Alaska, 10 in central Alaska, and 19 in Avestern Alaska, a
total of 52. The high prices realized for salmon in 1910 have drawn
more capital into the industry, and in 1911 13 new canneries will be
constructed and operated.
III. APPARATUS AND METHODS OF THE FISHERY.
GI'LL NETS.
The gill net is the oldest and most popular form of apparatus in
use in the salmon fisheries of the Pacific coast. There are two kinds,
drift and set, these names clearly expressing the difference between
them. Fine flax or linen twine is generally used in their manufac¬
ture, although in some places cotton twine is employed, and it has
usually 12 threads and is laid slack. They are hung in the ordinary
manner — to a rope with cork floats to support the upper portion of the
gear, and to a line with lead sinkers attached, which keeps the net
vertical in the water and all its meshes properly distended. The
nets are tanned, usually several times each season.
Drift nets vary greatly in length and depth, depending upon the
width of the fishing channels, the depth of water, etc. On the Sac¬
ramento River they average about 300 fathoms in length, are 45
meshes deep, and have a stretch mesh of from 74 to 94 inches. On
the coastal rivers of Oregon these nets average about 125 fathoms in
length, and are about 36 meshes in depth, the mesh varying with
the species of salmon sought. On the Columbia River the nets aver¬
age about 250 fathoms in length and have a stretch mesh for
chinooks of 9 to 94 inches. On the Willamette River, the principal
tributary of the Columbia, they average about 75 fathoms in length,
with meshes of 8 and 94 inches. On Willapa Harbor drift gill nets
run from 100 to 250 fathoms in length, are 30 meshes deep, with
stretch meshes of 7 and 84 inches. On Grays Harbor they average
100 fathoms in length, the chinook nets run from 24 to 45 meshes in
depth, with a stretch mesh of 9 inches, while the silver or coho nets
are 35 meshes in depth, with a stretch mesh of 7 inches. In the
Puget Sound region the nets average 300 fathoms in length, with
meshes suitable for the particular species sought. In Alaskan waters
the nets vary greatly in length and depth, depending upon the places
where fished.
Drift gill netting is prosecuted chiefly in the estuaries of the
rivers in and near the channels. If the water is clear the nets are
set only at night, but should the water be muddy or discolored with
glacial silt, fishing can be carried on either night or day. Night fish¬
ing is most common in the States, while day fishing is most common
23
24
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
in Alaska. When fishing in rivers it is necessary to work in a straight
stretch of water of fairly uniform depth ahd free from snags or sharp
ledges, these being called “ reaches.”
In setting the net the boat puller rows slowly across the stream
while the other man pays out the apparatus, to the first end of which
a buoy has been attached. When about two-thirds of the gear is
out the boat is turned downstream at nearly right angles to her
former course, so that the net, when set, approximates the shape of
the letter L. The net is laid out at nearly right angles or diagonally
to the river’s course, so that it will intercept the salmon that are
running in, and is usually put out about an hour before high water
slack and taken in about an hour after the turn of the tide. In
Alaska the fishermen usually fish on both the high and low slack.
The nets are allowed to drift for the time specified, the fishermen
drifting along at one end, then the net is hauled into the boat over
a wooden roller fixed in the stern, and the fish, which have become
gilled in the meshes, are removed and thrown into the bottom of
the boat.
Set gill nets are made in the same way as drift nets, in many in¬
stances being fragments of the latter, and are usually operated in the
upper reaches of the rivers. They vary in length from 10 to 100
fathoms, from 35 to 65 meshes in depth, and have the same sizes of
meshes as the drift nets, the size varying, of course, with the species
sought for. Sometimes these nets are staked, sometimes anchored,
while occasionally only one end is tied to the shore or a stake set in
the water.
On the flats off the mouth of the Stikine River, in southeast Alaska,
a combination of the drift and set method is followed. A double set
of stakes, about 6 feet apart, are set out from the shore for a distance
of several hundred yards. An hour or two before slack water the
fishermen pay out the net parallel to the line of stakes and about 50
feet from them. The tide drifts 'the net down until it is caught
against the stakes, which retain it until slack water, when the fisher¬
man takes it up and repeats from the opposite direction on the next
turn of the tide.
HAUL SEINES.
On the Columbia River, where this form of apparatus plays a
prominent part in the fisheries, the nets vary in length from 100 to
400 fathoms ; the shallowest end is from 35 to 40 meshes deep, but it
rapidly increases in width and is from 120 to 140 meshes deep at the
other wing. The “ bunt,” or bag, in the central part of the net is
about 50 fathoms long. These nets are usually hauled on the numer¬
ous sand bars which are a very noticeable feature of the river at low
tide. Buildings are erected on piles on these sand flats, in which the
SALMON' FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
25
men and horses take refuge at high tide, when the bars are covered
with water. Operations begin as soon as the beach or bar uncovers,
so that the men can wade about. The net is placed in a. large seine
boat, with the shore end attached to a dory. At the signal the seine
boat is headed offshore, while the dory heads toward the bar. As the
seine boat circles around against the current the net is paid out in
the shape of a semicircle. The dory men hurry to the bar with the
shore end of the net, the idea being to get that in as soon as possible
in order to prevent the escape of the salmon in that direction. As
soon as this has been accomplished, the outer shore line is brought to
the bar, when several horses are hitched to the line and begin to haul
in the net, care being taken by the men to work it against the current
as much as practicable, and to get it in as speedily as they can in
order to prevent the escape of salmon either by jumping over the
cork line or finding some outlet below the footrope or lead line.
The only other place on the coast where haul seines are important
is at Karluk, on Kadiak Island, in Alaska. Here the seines are
hauled upon the narrow sand pit dividing the lagoon from the strait,
and practically the same method is followed as in the Columbia
River.
DIVER NETS.
These are in use in the Columbia River, mainly throughout the
middle and upper portions of the river. They vary from 100 to 200
fathoms in length and are used almost exclusively for chinook salmon.
In construction they somewhat resemble a trammel net. Two nets are
attached together side by side. The outer one, or the one toward the
oncoming fish, has a larger mesh than the other, so that if the fish
manages to pass through the first, it will be caught in the smaller
meshes of the second.
DIP NETS.
These consist of an iron hoop secured to the end of a stout pole
with a bag-shaped net fastened to the hoop. They are generally used
at the cascades on the rivers, small platforms being erected upon
which the operator stands while fishing. Indians formerly used
them to a large extent, but, owing to the steady decline in the num¬
ber of Indians, and the appropriation of favorable spots by the
whites for other forms of apparatus, they are but little used now.
SQUAW NETS.
This type is virtually a set net. It consists of an oblong sheet of
gill netting, about 12 feet long and 8 feet deep, its lower edge
weighted to keep it down, and its upper edge attached to a pole that
floats at the surface, and is held by a line or lines to another pro¬
jecting pole which is securely fastened to the shore, so that it will not
26 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
swing around with the strain of the swift current on the net. A
single block is attached to the pole, and through this passes a rope,
thus making a tackle for the more convenient manipulation of the
net. The dip-net fishermen of the Columbia River use this net,
which derives its name from the fact that it used to be commonly
operated by Indian squaws for taking salmon. But few are now
in use, for the same reasons as given for the decline in the use of
dip nets.
PURSE SEINES.
This form of apparatus is in quite general use in Puget Sound
and southeast Alaska, and has proved highly effective in these deep,
swfift waters. These seines are about 200 fathoms long, 25 fathoms in
the bunt, and 20 fathoms in the wings, all with a 3-inch mesh. The
foot line is heavily leaded and the bridles are about 10 feet long.
The purse line is made of 1^-inch hemp. The rings through which
the purse line is rove measure about 5 inches in diameter and are
made of galvanized iron.
On Puget Sound the purse seiners congregate mainly on what are
known as the Salmon Banks, off the lower end of San Juan Island,
during the run of sockeyes. After this run is over they go up the
Sound and fish for dogs and cohos, and later go to the head of the
Sound and fish for dogs, cohos, chinooks, and steelhead trout. In
southeast Alaska they follow the fish all over the bays, straits, and
sounds of that section. Purse seines are used in a few other places,
but the fishery is secondary to those with other forms of apparatus.
On Puget Sound special power boats, which are fitted with a power
winch for hauling in the net, are used almost exclusively in operat¬
ing the purse seines. As soon as a school of fish is sighted one end
of the seine is attached to a dory, and while this remains stationary
the seine boat starts off, the crew paying out the net over a roller
in the stern. A circle is made around the fish, the boat returning to
the dory. The purse line is then attached to the winch, and the line
slowly hauled in by power. As the net comes in, the slack is neatly
coiled up on a platform in the stern of the boat, the cork line lying
on one side and the lead line on the other. As the circle gradually
narrows a man stands at the davit with a long pole which he con¬
tinually plunges into the circle and between the purse lines for the
purpose of frightening the fish awTay from the center of the net,
which is open for about a third of the time required to purse it.
The poleman in time becomes very expert and is able to plunge the
pole into almost any part of the center and have it return unaided
to his hands. After the net has been pursed, the bag is either rolled
into the boat or the fish dipped or gaffed from the net into the boat.
This style of fishing is said to have been introduced on Puget Sound
by the Chinese in 1886.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
27
TRAPS OR POUND NETS.
A trap is stationary and consists of webbing, or part webbing and
part wire netting, held in place and position by driven piles. This
piling usually is held together above water by a continuous line of
wood stringers, also used to fasten webbing to or to walk on if nec¬
essary.
In building, the “ lead ” is first constructed. This runs at right
angles, or very nearly so, to the shore, and consists of a straight line
of stakes, to which wire or net webbing is hung from top of high
water, or a little higher, to the bottom, making a straight, solid wall.
At a little distance inshore of the outer end of the lead begin what
are called the “hearts.” These are V-shaped and turned toward
the lead, beginning at a distance of 30 to 40 feet on either .side of
same and running in the same general direction, the “ big heart ”
or outer heart first, the inner heart, supplementing the first, being
smaller, and the end of the outer heart leading into it. The narrow
end of the inner heart leads into the “ pot ” and forms what is known
as the “ tunnel.” The tunnel ends in a long and narrow opening,
running up and down the long way, and is held in position by ropes
and rods. Below this is what is known as the “ apron,” a sheet of
web stretched from the bottom of the heart upward to the “ pot’,”
in order to lead the fish into the tunnel when swimming low in the
water, and to obviate the necessity of building the pot clear to the
bottom, which would be expensive, as the pots of the traps are usually
in quite deep water.
Some traps have “ jiggers ” (a hook-shaped extension of the outer
heart) on each side, which help to turn the fish in the required direc¬
tion.
The “ pot ” is placed at right angles with the inner heart and im¬
mediately adjoining same. It is a square compartment, with web
walls and bottom connected in the shape of a large square sack, fas¬
tened to piling on all sides. This pot is hauled up and down by
means of ropes and tackles, either by hand or, as is most popular, by
steam.
The “ spiller ” is another square compartment adjoining either end
of the pot (sometimes there are two “ spillers,” one at each end),
and is simply a container for fish. A small tunnel leads the fish
from the pot into the spiller, from whence the fishermen lift them
out. This is accomplished by closing the tunnel from the pot,
after which the ropes holding the front of the spiller are loosened
and the net wall allowed to drop almost to the level of the water.
A steam tug then pushes a scow alongside the spiller and takes
position on the outside of this scow. From the deck of the tug
a derrick is rigged with a running line from the steam capstan
through the block at the top of the derrick. This line is attached
28
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
to the far end of a net apron, called a “brailer,’’ which is heav¬
ily weighted by having chains along each side and leaded cross-
ways at several places. A small boat is run inside the spiller, and
the men in this draw the brailer across the barge and let it sink
in the spiller. The fish soon gather over it, when the steam capstan
quickly reels it in, the net folding over as drawn in from its far side
and spilling the fish out on the scow. Men on the scow pick out and
throw overboard the undesirable fish. The apron is then drawn
back across the pot and the operation repeated so long as any fish
remain. In this manner a trap with many tons of salmon in it is
quickly emptied.
Traps, like nearly all other fixed fishing appliances, are built on
the theory that salmon, like most other fishes, have a tendency to
follow a given course in the water, whether a natural shore line or
an artificial obstruction resembling one; also that the fish very seldom
turns in its own wake. The trap has taken advantage of these
natural tendencies of the fish, and is arranged so that, although the
salmon may turn, he will continually be led by the wall of net toward
and into the trap.
If a trap is located in a place where fish play and where an eddy
exists, and the fish run one way with the incoming tide and the
opposite with the outgoing, it will fish from both directions; if
located where the fish simply pass by, as, for instance, on a point or
reef, it will fish from one side only.
A variation of the trap, to be used in places where piles can not
be driven, is the floating trap. An experimental trap of this variety
was used at Uganuk, on Kodiak Island, Alaska, as early as 1896.
Its use was abandoned in 1897, not to be resumed until some years
later. A number of floating traps (of the type invented by Mr. J. R.
Heckman, of Ketchikan, Alaska) have been and are being used in
southeast Alaska, the first having been installed in 1907. The de¬
sign of this trap follows the shape of an ordinary Puget Sound
driven trap. It is constructed of logs, 20 to 26 inches at the butt,
bolted and braced together in one solid frame. Suspended from this
frame through the logs are. 2^-inch pipes extending down in the
water 30 feet. Halfway down these pipes and also on the extreme
lower ends are eyebolts, to which the web is drawn down and fas¬
tened. Thus the web is kept in place as well as if the pipes were
driven piles. The lead is also a continuation of large piles or logs
bolted firmly together with similarly suspended pipes and webbing.
The so-called wooden traps on the Columbia River are essentially
weirs, being a modification of the brush weirs or traps used by the
Indians for the capture of salmon long before the advent of the
white men. They are built on shore, of piling and planks, the lat¬
ter arranged like slats with spaces between. The bowl, or pot, is
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
29
provided with a movable trapdoor that can be opened during the
closed season and on Sundays, so that the fish can pass through and
run upstream. These weirs, after being built, are launched into the
river, placed in proper position near the shore, and then ballasted
so that they sink to the bottom.
According to Collins,® “ pound nets were introduced on the Colum¬
bia River in 1879. In May of that year Mr. O. P. Graham, formerly
of Green Bay, Wis., built a pound net on the river similar to those
used on the Great Lakes. The success of this venture led to the
employment of more apparatus of this kind, and many fishermen
went West to participate in the fishery.”
According to the same authority 6 Mr. H. B. Kirby, who had pre¬
viously fished on the Great Lakes, set a pound net in Puget Sound
about 1883, but it was a complete failure. On March 15, 1888, he
again set a pound net. which he had designed to meet the new con¬
ditions, at Birch Bay Head, in the Gulf of Georgia. It proved a
complete success, and was the forerunner of the present large number
which are set annually in these waters.
In Alaska the first trap was set in Cook Inlet about 1885. Brit¬
ish Columbia refused to permit the use of pound nets in its waters
until 190d, when their use was allowed within certain limited regions.
Some of these trap nets, especially on Puget Sound, have proved
extremely valuable. The years 1898 and 1899 covered practically
the high-water mark, as several desirable locations changed hands in
those years at prices ranging from $20,000 to $90,000 for single
pounds, the original expense of which did not exceed $5,000. But
few have brought such high prices since, however, owing to the
decline in the run of salmon.
The location of sites for these nets is regulated by law in Oregon,
Washington, and British Columbia, but in Alaska the procedure is
not well defined and has proved rather confusing to strangers.
Some acquire the necessary shore line by mineral location or by the
use of scrip, while still others have merely a squatter’s right. Within
the bounds of the forest reserve no land can be acquired except by
lease, which may be secured from the United States forestry agent,
Ketchikan, Alaska.
INDIAN TRAPS.
The natives, especially in Alaska, have various ingenious methods
of catching salmon. In the Bering Sea rivers they catch them by
means of wickerwork traps, made somewhat after the general style
of a fyke net. These are composed of a series of cylindrical and
conical baskets, fitting into each other, with a small opening in the
° Report on the fisheries of the Pacific Coast of the United States, by J. W. Collins,
Report of Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1888, p. 210. 1891.
o Ibid., p. 257.
30
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
end connecting one with the other and the series terminating in a
tube with a removable bottom, through which the captive fish are
extracted. Some of the baskets are from 15 to 25 feet in length
and are secured with stakes driven into the river bottom, while the
leader, composed of square sections of wickerwork, is held in place
by stakes.
During the summer of 1910' the author found and destroyed an
ingenious native trap set in Tamgas stream, Annette Island, south¬
east Alaska. This stream is a short and narrow one, draining a
lake, about midway of which are a succession of cascades. In the
narrowest part of the latter, and in the part up which the fish swim,
a rack had been constructed of poles driven into the bottom and cov¬
ered with wire netting, so as almost wholly to prevent salmon from
passing up. Just below, and running parallel to the rack and at
right angles to the shore, was placed a box flume with a flaring
mouth at the outer end. At the shore end the flume turned sharply
at right angles and discharged into a square box with slat bottom
and covered over with boughs. The fish in ascending the stream
would be stopped by the rack and in swimming around many of them
would be carried b*y the current into and down the flume, eventually
landing in the receiving box alongside the shore.
WHEELS.
Fish wheels are of two kinds, the floating or scow wheel, which
can be moved from point to point if need be, and the shore wheel,
which is a fixed apparatus. They operate in exactly the same man¬
ner, however. The stationary wh^el is located along the shore in a
place where, experience has shown that the salmon pass. Here an
abutment is built of wood and stone, high enough to protect it
from an ordinary rise in the river. To this is attached the necessary
framework for holding the wheel. The latter is composed of three
large scoop-shapecl dip nets made of galvanized-iron wire netting
with a mesh of 3^ to 4 inches. These nets are the buckets of the
wheel, and they are so arranged on a horizontal axis that the wheel
is kept in constant motion by the current, and thus picks up any
fish which come within its sweep. The nets are fixed at such an
angle that as they revolve their contents fall into a box chute through
which the fish slide into a large bin on the shore. The wheels range
in size from 9 to 32 feet in diameter and from 5 to 15 feet in width,
and cost from $1,500 to $8,000, the average being about $4,000. A
number of them have long leaders of piling running out into the
river, which aid in leading the salmon into the range of the wheel.
The scow wheel consists of a large square-ended scow that is
usually decked at one end and open at the other. Several stanchions,
some 8 to 10 feet high, support a framework upon which an awning
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
31
is spread to protect the fish from the sun’s rays and the crew from
the elements. To one end of the scow are fastened two upright posts,
which are guyed by wooden supports, while projecting from the same
end is the framework which supports the wheel, the latter being con¬
structed in the same way, but on a smaller scale, than the stationary
wheel. In operation the scow is anchored with the wheel end point¬
ing downstream, and as the wheel is revolved by the current the fish
caught fall from the net into a box-chute, through which they slide
into the scow. As stationary wheels can be used only at certain stages
of water, the scow wheel is a necessary substitute to be used at such
times as the former can not be operated.
The above forms of wheels are used exclusively on the Columbia
River.
An ingenious device is used by some of the wheelmen on the
Columbia River in getting their catch to the canneries, a few miles
farther down the river. The salmon are tied together in bunches and
these attached to air-tight casks and sent down the stream. At the
canneries small balconies have been constructed at the water end of
the building. A man armed with a pair of field glasses is stationed
here, and as soon as he sights one of these casks he notifies a boatman,
who goes out and tows in the cask and salmon. About 800 pounds of
salmon are attached to a keg, and a tag showing the wheel from
which shipped is tied to the fish.
In 1908 the first fish wheel to be located in the coastal waters of
Alaska was operated in the Taku River, in southeast Alaska. The
wheel was set between two 4-foot scows, stationed parallel to each
other, and each 40 feet in length. The wheel had two dips, each 22
feet in width and hung with netting. It could be moved from place to
place, the same as the scow wheels on the Columbia River. It was
operated throughout the king and red salmon runs, but caught almost
no salmon, and was not set in the succeeding years.
For many years the natives of the interior of Alaska have been
resorting to the banks of the Yukon River and its tributaries in order
to secure a sufficient supply of salmon to sustain them through the
succeeding winter. The favorite apparatus of these natives is a type
of fish wheel of local invention, which has been in use by them for
many years, probably long before the white man first saw the Yukon.
A square framework of timbers is constructed in the water and
moored to the bank by ropes. A wheel, composed of three dips, is
placed in this, the axle resting upon the framework. The shape of
the dip is such that the salmon caught roll off it into a trough, down
which they slide into a boat moored between the wheel and the shore.
Although crude in construction, it is very effective and a large num¬
ber of them are set each season.
• 59395°— 11 - 29
32
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
The Columbia River fish wheel is a patented device. It was first
used by the patentees, Messrs. S. W. Williams & Brother, in 1879, and
for several years they retained a monopoly in its use. A number are
now operating on the river. The device was not new even when pat¬
ented, as the natives of the Yukon River Basin had been using a
precisely similar principle for an unknown number of years previ¬
ously, while a similar “ fishing machine,” as it is called, had been in
use prior to this time and is still used by white fishermen on the
Roanoke River, in North Carolina.
REEF NETS.
As the name indicates, this device is used around the reefs. Under
natural conditions the reef is covered with kelp throughout its
length, the kelp floating at the top of the water. A channel is cut
through this, and in it is placed a tunnel of rope and netting, which
flares at the outer end, in deep water, and into which is thatched
grass, kelp leaves, or any other article resembling submarine growth,
to hide the construction sufficiently to avoid frightening the fish.
Short leads of kelp are also arranged on the sides so as to draw the
fish to the tunnel, which is held in place by anchors. On the reef it¬
self two boats are anchored parallel to each other and some feet
apart. An apron of netting is fastened to the rear of the two boats,
while the other end extends under the small end of the tunnel and is
kept in place by men in the forward ends of the boats, who have lines
fastened so the apron can be raised by them. The device can only
be used with the tide entering the tunnel at the large end. When
the fish have entered and passed through the tunnel upon the apron,
the men raise the floating end of the latter and dump them into the
boats.
At one time this was a favorite device of the Puget Sound natives
for catching sockeye salmon. They attribute its origin to one of
the Hudson Bay Company’s employees, who, they say, taught them a
long time ago how to catch salmon in this way. Owing to the large
number of men required to work them, and the fact that they can be
worked only at certain stages of tide and in favorable weather, these
nets have gradually been supplanted by other devices. In 1909 but
five were used and these were operated off the shores of San Juan,
Henry, Steuart, and Lummi Islands, and in the vicinity of Point
Roberts.
TROLLING.
Each year the catching of salmon by trolling becomes of increasing
importance commercially. For some years sportsmen had this ex¬
citing and delightful occupation to themselves, but eventually the
mild curers created such a persistent and profitable demand for king,
or chinook, salmon that the fishermen, who had previously restricted
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
33
their operations to the use of nets during the annual spawning runs,
which last but a small portion of the year, began to follow up the
fish both before and after the spawning run and soon discovered
that they were to be found in certain regions throughout nearly
every month in the year.
The Monterey Bay, Cal., trollers use 48 cotton line generally. A
few inches below the main lead an additional line is added, with a
small sinker on it. This gives two lines and hooks, and as the main
line has but the one lead, and that above the junction with the branch
line, it floats somewhat above the latter, which is weighted down
with a sinker. The main stem is about 20 fathoms in length, while
the branch lines are about 5 fathoms each. These lines cost about
$3.50 each. No spoon is used, but bait almost invariably. A few
fishermen use a spread of stout steel wire, 4 feet long, with 5 or 6
feet of line on each end of the spread, two lines and hooks.
On the upper Sacramento River (mainly at Redding and Kes¬
wick) some fishing is done with hand lines. A small catch was made
here in 1908, but none were so caught in 1909.
Even as early as 1895 trolling was carried on in the Siuslaw River,
Oreg., for chinook and silver salmon. At Oregon City and other
places on the Willamette River a number of chinook salmon are
caught by means of trolling each year, mainly by sportsmen. A
spoon is quite generally employed in place of bait. The fishermen
claim that the salmon are not feeding at this time, as their stomachs
are shriveled up.
For a number of years the Indians living at the reservation on
Neah Bay, Wash., have annually caught large numbers of silver and
chinook salmon in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. A few white fisher¬
men also engage in this fishery at the present time in the same waters,
while others troll for the same species, but more particularly silvers,
in parts of Puget Sound proper. The ordinary trolling line, with a
spoon instead of bait, is used.
The most remarkable trolling region is in southeast Alaska. For
some years the Indians here had been catching king salmon for
their own use during the spring months, and about the middle of
January, 1905, king salmon were noticed in large numbers in the
vicinity of Ketchikan. Observing the Indians catching these, sev¬
eral white fishermen decided to engage in the pursuit, shipping
the product fresh to Puget Sound ports. They met with such
success that 271,644 pounds, valued at $15,600, were shipped. The
next year several of the mild-cure dealers established plants in
this region, thus furnishing a convenient and profitable market for
the catch, and as a result the fishery has grown until, in 1910, 204,823
king salmon and 6,000 coho salmon were caught and marketed. The
length of the fishing season has also lengthened until now the busi¬
ness is prosecuted vigorously during about seven months in the year,
34
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
and in a desultory manner for two or three months more, only the
severe winter weather preventing operations the rest of the year.
In southeast Alaska the fishermen generally use either the Hen-
dryx Seattle trout-bait spoon no. 5 or the Hendryx Puget Sound
no. 8. The former comes in nickel or brass or nickel and brass, the
full nickel preferred. The Siwash hook no. 9/0, known as the Vic¬
toria hook in British Columbia, is in quite general use. As a rule,
but one hook is used, and this hangs from a ring attached to a swivel
just above the spoon, while the point of the hook comes a little below
the bottom of the spoon. Occasionally double or treble hooks are
used. Some fishermen use bait, and when this is done the herring,
the bait almost universally employed, is so hooked through the body
as, when placed in the water, to stretch out almost straight and face
forward as in life.
A small commercial fishery is carried on in this region for coho
salmon, mainly in August and September, in the neighborhood of
Turnabout Island, in Frederick Sound. A Stewart spoon with two
hooks on one ring is used, baited with herring in such a way that the
fish is straightened out and faced toward the spoon. The sportsmen
of Ketchikan also fish with rod and reel for this species in the neigh¬
borhood of Gravina Island, using a Hendryx spoon (kidney bait
no. 6), which is silvery in color on one side and red on the other.
Although much smaller than the king, the coho salmon is more gamy.
Reports from the trollers of southeast Alaska prove that all species
of salmon will take the hook at some time or other in the salt waters
of this region, an examination of their stomachs generally showing
that they are either feeding or in a condition to feed.
BOW AND ARROW.
On the Tanana River, a tributary of the Yukon River, in Alaska,
the Indians hunt salmon in birch-bark canoes with bow and arrow.
As the canoe is paddled along and the Indian sees the dorsal fin of
the salmon cutting the surface of the muddy water he shoots it. The tip
of the arrow fits into a socket, and when struck the tip, which when
loose is attached to the stock by a long string, comes out of the socket
and the arrow floats, easily locating the fish for the fisherman.
SPEAR AND GAFF.
Spears of varying shapes and styles have been in use by the In¬
dians from time immemorial and are still employed on many rivers
in which salmon run. With the exception of the Chilkoot and Chil-
kat Rivers of Alaska, practically all of the catch secured in this
manner is consumed by the fishermen and their families. In the
Chilkoot River the Indians have built numerous racks in the stream
and on the banks, upon which they stand and hook the fish out with
a gaff attached to a pole. The catch is sold to the cannery located on
Chilkoot Inlet.
IV. FISHERMEN AND OTHER EMPLOYEES.
In the early days canning was a haphazard business, and workmen
came and went as common laborers do in the wheat fields of the West.
As the business increased in importance and the need of skilled labor
became imperative, men were put to certain work and kept at it from
season to season, with the result that in a few years a corps of highly
skilled laborers had been evolved, and this had much to do with the
rapid extension of the industry.
For many years Chinese formed the greater part of the cannery
employees, the superintendent, foreman, clerks, machinists, and the
watchmen alone being whites. No other laborers have ever been
found to do the work as well or with as little trouble as the Chinese.
In times of heavy runs, when the cafmery would have to operate
almost night and day in order to take advantage of what might be
the last run for the season of the sometimes erratic salmon, the
Chinese were always willing, even eager, to do their utmost to fill
the cans, and if fed with the peculiar food they insisted upon having
and due regard was had to certain racial susceptibilities, the can¬
nery man could almost invariably depend upon the Chinese doing
their full duty.
The Chinese-exclusion law cut off the supply of Chinese, and as
the years wTent by and their ranks became decimated by death, dis¬
ease, and the return of many to China, the contractors were com-
, pelled to fill up the rapidly depleting crews with Japanese, Filipinos,
Mexicans, Porto Ricans, etc., with the result that to-day in many
canneries special quarters have to be provided for certain of the
races — more particularly the Chinese and Japanese — in order to pre¬
vent racial hatred from engendering brawls and disturbances.
The Japanese now compose about one-half of the cannery em¬
ployees. While a few cannery men express themselves as well pleased
with this class of labor, the majority find it troublesome.
In Alaska and at a few places in the States Indians are employed
in the canneries. In Alaska more would be employed if they could be
secured. They make fair workpeople, but are rather unreliable about
remaining through the season.
The supplying of this kind of labor is done largely through the
contract system. In the large cities along the coast are labor
agencies, mainly owned by Chinese, which make a specialty of fur¬
nishing labor for this work. In the agreement between the canning
35
36
SALMON’ FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
company and the contractor the company guarantees to pack a cer¬
tain number of cases during the coming season and the latter agrees
to do all the work from the time the fish are delivered on the wharf
until they are ready to ship at the end of the season, for a certain
fixed sum per case. Should the cannery pack more than the guar¬
anteed number, which it usually does if possible, the excess has to be
paid for at the rate per case already agreed upon, while if the pack,
for any reason should fall below the contract amount the company
must pay for the shortage the same as though they had been packed.
The company transports the Chinese to the field of work and carries
them to the home port at the end of the season. It provides them
with a bunk house, and furnishes fuel, water, and salt. The con¬
tractor sends along with each crew a “boss,” who has charge of the
crew, and furnishes their food, the company transporting this free.
White men do the greater part of the fishing for salmon, many na¬
tionalities being represented, but Scandinavians and Italians pre¬
dominating almost everywhere. A number of Greeks are to be found
fishing in the Sacramento, while Slavonians do most of the purse-
seining on Puget Sound. The native-born American is not often
found actually engaged in fishing, but frequently is the owner of the
gear or has a responsible position in the packing plants.
A number of Indians participate in the fisheries of Alaska, and a
few fish in Washington. The only Chinese engaged in fishing are in
Monterey Bay. A number of Japanese also fish in this bay, which is
the only place in American territory where they fish for salmon,
except in Alaska, where the small number of 13 were occupied in
1909. A number of Japanese engage in fishing in Canadian waters.
In many places on the coast, particularly in Alaska, fishing is a
hazardous occupation. In Alaska most of it is done in the bays,
sounds, and straits, where storms are frequent, and the annual loss
of life is heavy. The records of the Alaska Fishermen’s Union
show for its members the following losses of life by drowning: 1905,
10 men; 1906, 5 men; 1907, 10 men; 1908, 17 men; and 1909, 17 men.
The fishermen early saw the advantages of organization, and
nearly every river now has a union, which is subordinate to the gen¬
eral organization. One of the most typical of these is the Alaska
Fishermen’s Union, which has active jurisdiction over all sections of
Alaska, except a portion of southeast Alaska. Early in the year this
organization enters into contracts with the salmon canneries and salt-
eries, by which the rates of wages, duties, etc., of the fishermen are
fixed in advance. As a result of this mutual agreement upon terms,
but little trouble is experienced with the fishermen, who generally
conform scrupulously to the terms of the contract, and strikes and
bickerings, which were very common a few years ago, are now almost
entirely absent.
V. FISHERY REGULATIONS.
CONTROVERSIAL FORMS OF APPARATUS.
From time immemorial the users of certain forms of fishing appa¬
ratus have complained of and condemned the use of other forms,
which, either through disinclination, through lack of financial
means, or because it was not suitable for use in the section in which
they fished, they themselves have not seen fit to employ. -In some
instances these complaints are well founded, but an unprejudiced
observer is apt to view with suspicion charges advanced under condi¬
tions when personal interest may so easily cloud or color the indi¬
vidual judgment. In a court of equity it is a well-established prin¬
ciple that the plaintiff must appear with clean hands, and that is a
difficult matter for the users of any form of apparatus in the salmon
fisheries of the Pacific coast. If in one section the fishermen live
strictly within the letter and spirit of the law, the users of the same
apparatus in another section may be the most persistent and destruc¬
tive violators. And, again, while the law may be strictly observed,
the law itself may be inadequate or purposely deficient, and the
apparatus therefore be doing incalculable damage to the fisheries.
While all forms of apparatus in use in the salmon fisheries of the
Pacific coast have been objected to in some one section or another, the
principal complaints have been against fish wheels and trap or pound
nets. The wheels are used only in the Columbia River. The traps
are found in the Columbia River and in the other waters of the State
of Washington and in Alaska.
To the objections of other fishermen the owners of wheels and
traps retaliate by charging prejudice and self-interest, and with some
justification. It is unquestioned that these costly forms of apparatus
are beyond the financial means of the ordinary fishermen, that their
use reduces the number of persons employed in the fisheries, and that
the owners, who are usually the packers or others closely affiliated
with them, can, if they so desire, render themselves largely inde¬
pendent of other fishermen, such as the gill netters and seiners, and
thus keep down the cost of the fish to the packers. Although not
often advanced publicly, this is the real basis of the most of the com¬
plaints. Publicly the objections are based upon higher grounds,
37
38
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
such as the waste through catching and killing in wheels and traps
of enormous quantities of salmon which can not be handled in the
limited time available, or of species which the packers have no use
for, and which they find it easier or less expensive to kill by much
handling than to release and in so doing lose a few salmon.
One thing should never be lost sight of, however. Fisher}’ appa¬
ratus is set for the purpose of catching fish, and its value is depend¬
ent upon the degree of effectiveness with which it accomplishes the
object sought with the least expenditure of money and time for con¬
struction and operation.
It is a question whether, under present conditions, if the use of
traps were abolished, the other forms of apparatus would be able to
keep pace with the demand for fish. But the question of whether
traps should be allowed or not in any one section should be settled
by reference solely to the conditions prevailing in that section, and
not to theoretical or general objections to traps as traps or to objec¬
tions based upon trap fishing in some other and, possibly, vastly
different section. There are some regions on the Pacific coast where
if traps were permitted they would soon destroy the run of salmon,
while there are many other sections where they would not injure the
fisheries at all, unless possibly by use in too great numbers. The
.latter is especially true in many parts of Alaska, where the chief
objection is that in a few places too many of them are grouped
together.
A considerable part of the objection to the use of traps is doubtless
due to the generally shameless disregard of the laws in the past, and
in some sections also to-day. In Alaska up to 1908 the trap owners
paid practically no attention to the laws, and the same is true to a
large extent to-day on Puget Sound, and to a lesser extent, possibly,
in the Columbia River. Since the enactment and rigid enforcement
of the excellent trap law of 1906 in Alaska, the objections to trap
nets have decreased very noticeably, though the traps have probably
caught more fish than they did under the old conditions, the only
difference being that the catch has been distributed more equally,
and not, as in former times, caught chiefly in those traps situated
nearest to the ocean, while those in the upper reaches took but few.
The Washington law prescribes minutely the method to be fol¬
lowed in closing traps during the weekly closed season and appears
on its face to be an excellent plan. In practice it is quite otherwise,
however, for one person can close or open the trap in one or two
minutes’ time, and all the watchman has to do in the weekly closed
season is to let the apron down whenever he sees a boat approaching,
raising it again as soon as he is sure the visitor is not a fish warden.
Thus it is practically impossible to detect any but the boldest or most
careless violations of the law.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
39
The provision in the Alaska fisheries law regulating the manner
of closing traps during the weekly closed season is without question
the best in the country, and Washington could adopt it with much
profit. It requires that “ the gate, mouth, or tunnel of all stationary
or floating traps shall be closed, and 25 feet of the webbing or net of
the ‘heart’ of such traps on each side next to the ‘pot’ shall be
lifted or lowered in such manner as to permit the free passage of sal¬
mon and other fishes.” With two men stationed on the trap at least
15 or 20 minutes of most strenuous work is required to open or close
the trap in this manner, and the fishery agent has ample time to reach
the scene before the operation is completed. This fact has been found
to be an excellent deterrent.
At first the owners advanced the plea that the lowering of 25 feet
of the web of the heart next to the pot would so weaken the trap
that it might be carried away by the very strong and high tides
which prevail in Alaska, but three years’ actual trial has proved this
fear to be groundless, and now no objections are heard to this feature
of the law.
, Although not used to as great an extent, wheels have probably
occasioned more controversy than traps. While the traps are
usually set in either bays, straits, and sounds, where the water is salt
or brackish, or in the lower reaches of all the rivers, the wheels are
set in the upper courses of the Columbia River only. After the fish
have run the gauntlet of the almost countless gill nets, seines, and
trap nets in the lower and middle river, and are approaching their
spawning beds, they meet with the runways leading to the wheels,
which in some instances are set in natural channels in the cascades
or falls, or in artificial channels through which the greater part of
the run must of necessity pass. Nearly all of the salmon hatcheries
on the Columbia are located either on the main river below Cascade
Locks, or on one of the tributaries entering the river below there,
while above this point there were operated in 1909 IT stationary
wheels and 5 scow wheels.
It may be maintained that a salmon which has successfully evaded
the nets in the section of the river below Cascade Locks is of vastly
more importance to the preservation and perpetuation of the fish¬
eries than a number which have not yet crossed the bar at the mouth
of the river. Thus, it has been argued, while wheels have not done
anything like the damage to the fisheries ascribed to them, a regard
for the perpetuation of the fisheries of the Columbia River demands
that their use, as well as that of all other forms of apparatus for the
taking of fish commercially, should be prohibited above Cascade
Locks.
This brings up the question of the justice of such an arrangement
from the standpoint of the owners of the wheels. When they put
40
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
in these wheels their use was lawful, and the same is true to-day.
They are expensive apparatus, and many thousands of dollars
are invested in them. In addition there is an important salmon
cannery located at Seuferts, just above The Dalles, which would be
absolutely worthless if the above action were taken. It would be
no more than just, if the States of Oregon and Washington decided
to abolish all commercial fishing above Cascade Locks, that a fair
valuation for losses be fixed by arbitration and paid to those affected.
There is also no question but what too many gill nets and trap
nets are now being fished in the lower part of the river, and some
scheme ought to be devised by which the number of licenses annually
granted can be reduced very materially.
Strict regulations of the forms of apparatus used in the salmon
fisheries and the curtailment of certain or all forms when they be¬
come too numerous will be of greater efficacy in the perpetuation of
the industry than any other method which has been so far rec¬
ommended or tried except that of closed seasons.
LAWS AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT.
The history of the enactment and enforcement of laws relating to
the salmon fisheries of the Pacific coast (except possibly California)
is not one that those earnestly and sincerely desirous of preserving
and perpetuating the fisheries have reason to be proud of. In the
first place, it has been and is yet exceedingly difficult to secure effi¬
cient laws, owing to the influence of the selfish interests which have
no regard to the future. In the second place, it was and is yet diffi¬
cult to secure the enforcement of even the laws that are on the statute
books. In most States a change in the governorship almost invari¬
ably entails a change in fish commissioner, who is often more con¬
cerned with pleasing the interests that secured his appointment
and retain him in office than in giving the affairs of his department
the attention that they require. This condition, not peculiar to the
Pacific Coast States alone, doubtless will eventually be removed to a
great extent by divorcing the fisheries departments from politics.
The Pacific Coast States have had in the past and still have some
earnest men who have been and are doing good work, and this num¬
ber can easily be increased by making the positions permanent. Un¬
der present conditions a fish commissioner scarcely has a compre¬
hensive grasp of the intricate problems of his department and begins
to be of value to the State before a change of administration occurs
and he is compelled to give way to another man, who in turn must be
taught all that his predecessor had learned.
The worst condition of affairs in regard to the making and enforce¬
ment of fishery laws is found to prevail in those waters which form
the boundary between States or between Canada and the United
States.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
41
The Columbia River, which forms the boundary between Oregon
and Washington, affords a typical example of the evils which can
result from a division of responsibility between two States. For
many years each State enacted laws regulating the fisheries of the
river with very slight regard usually to laws already in force in the
other State. As a result of this the fishermen transferred their
residence for license purposes from State to State as the laws of one
or the other best suited their particular purposes.
The fishermen and packers also were in apparently irreconcilable
conflict as to the proper means to be taken to conserve the fisheries,
and each session of the legislatures saw strong lobbies present to
work for certain selfish ends, while the few earnest men who had the
real welfare of the fisheries of the river at heart had difficulty in
making the slightest headway against the influence of these lobbies.
To further complicate the matter, in 1894 Oregon claimed that
under the provisions of the enabling act admitting it as a State it
had jurisdiction to the Washington shore, and proceeded to arrest
Washington men who were fishing in what was the open season ac¬
cording to Washington law but the closed season under Oregon law.
In June, 1908, the voters of the State of Oregon had presented for
their consideration two bills radically affecting the waters of Columbia
River. One closed the river, east of the mouth of the Sandy River,
against all fishing of any kind except with hook and line, and was
originated by gill-net fishermen of the lower river for the purpose of
eliminating fish wheels in the upper waters. This bill was the first
presented to the people, and when it appeared the upriver men re¬
taliated by presenting a bill affecting the lower river to such an
extent that it practically prohibited the net fishermen from operating.
Very much to the surprise of all concerned both bills were passed
and became laws on July 1, to take effect, as provided, on August 25
and September 10, respectively. The Oregon master fish warden
proceeded to enforce both laws, arresting all violators on both sides
of the river, irrespective of whether or not they were operating under
a Washington or Oregon license, and incidentally did the fisheries a
great service by bringing prominently before the public the anoma¬
lous condition of affairs which were occasioned by the archaic system
under which the fisheries of the Columbia were governed. The State
of Washington appealed to the United States courts, which, after
argument, issued an injunction preventing the warden from enforc¬
ing the laws so far as the Washington fishermen were concerned.
In the meantime the attention of the general Government had
been drawn to the apparently irreconcilable conflict between the two
States, and fearing that in the melee the interests of the fisheries
would be lost sight of, President Roosevelt, in a message to Con¬
gress, after reciting briefly the lack of harmony in jurisdiction by the
42
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
States, recommended that the general Government take over the
control of the fisheries of the Columbia, as well as other interstate
rivers.
This had the effect of bringing matters to a head and negotiations
were soon in progress looking to the preparation of a treaty between
the two States by which uniform laws would be adopted, and thus
each State have concurrent jurisdiction to, the opposite shore of the
river. The legislatures each appointed a committee of eight mem¬
bers to confer and frame joint legislation. The two committees met
in Seattle, Wash., early in 1909, and agreed upon the following
recommendations :
First. A spring closed season from March 1 to May 1.
Second. A fall closed season from August 25 to September 10.
Third. A Sunday closed season from 8 p. m. Saturday of each week to 6 p. m.
the Sunday following between the 1st day of May and the 25th day of August.
Fourth. We suggest the mutual recognition by each State of the licenses
issued to floating gear by the other State.
Fifth. That the State of Oregon repeal chapter 89 of the session laws of
Oregon for the year 1907, relative to the operation of purse seines and other like
gear on the Columbia River.
Sixth. We recommend the enactment of similar laws in both States carrying
an appropriation of at least $2,500 in each State and providing for the destruc¬
tion of seals and sea lions and the granting of a bounty on the same, to he $2.50
for seals and $5 for sea lions.
Seventh. We recommend the repeal of both the fish bills passed under the
provisions of the initiative and referendum in June, 1907, by the people of the
State of Oregon, said bills being designated on the ballot as 318, 319 and 332,
333.
The recommendations were enacted into law by both States, and at
the same time the State of Washington in its bill also prohibited
fishing for salmon within 3 miles of the mouth of the Columbia
between March 1 and May 1 and between August 25 and September
10, or salmon fishing on tributaries of the Columbia, except the Si^ike,
between June 1 and September 15; and also prohibited fishing by
any means for salmon save by hook and line in the Kalama, Lewis,
Wind, Little White Salmon, Wenatchee, Methow, and Spokane
Rivers and in the Columbia River 1 mile below the mouth of any of
the rivers named. The agreement was subjected to a rather severe
strain, however, when it was discovered that the Oregon Legislature
had failed to provide the same closed periods for the tributaries that
were enacted for the Columbia, thus leaving the Willamette, Clacka¬
mas, Lewis and Clark, and Youngs Rivers and Spikanon Creek open
to fishing for 15 days in March and 15 days in April, while the
Columbia was closed. The cry of bad faith was at once raised by
the Washington fishermen, and for a short time it appeared that the
agreement would be broken at the very beginning. The Oregon
Board of Fish Commissioners took the matter up, however, and by
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
43
order closed these streams to all fishing during the times of closed
season on the Columbia, and thus restored peace once more.
The conditions which prevail in Puget Sound adjacent to the
boundary between Washington and British Columbia have also been
the cause of serious anxiety to those interested in the perpetuation of
the salmon fisheries. The great schools of sockeye salmon which are
on their way from the ocean to the spawning beds in the Fraser River
pass through this section, and it is here that the greater part of the
fishing is done. The Province of British Columbia has made earnest
efforts to preserve this run, but unfortunately the same can not be
said of the State of Washington. The laws are fairly good, but
owing partly to the small force and facilities available for executing
them and partly to other reasons, they have not always been enforced
as they should be.
This condition of affairs on Puget Sound and similar conditions in
other boundary waters led the general Government to take up the
matter, and on April 11, 1908, a convention was concluded between
this country and Great Britain for the protection and preservation of
the food fishes in international boundary waters of the United States
and Canada. Both Governments appointed international commis¬
sioners — Dr. David Starr Jordan for the United States and Mr. S. T.
Bastedo (who was succeeded later by Prof. Edward Ernest Prince)
for Canada — whose duty it was to investigate conditions prevailing in
these waters and to recommend a system of uniform and common
international regulations. After an exhaustive investigation the
commissioners submitted recommendations, which included the fol¬
lowing affecting the boundary waters dividing the State of Washing¬
ton and the Province of British Columbia, these waters being defined
as the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and those parts of Washington Sound,
the Gulf of Georgia, and Puget Sound lying between the parallels of
48° 10' and 49° 20' :
GENERAL REGULATIONS.
3. Disposition of prohibited catch. — In case any fish is unintentionally
captured contrary to the prohibitions or restrictions contained in any of the
following regulations, such fish shall, if possible, be immediately returned
alive and uninjured to the water.
J/. Dynamite, poisonous substances, etc. — No person shall place or use quick¬
lime, dynamite, explosive, or poisonous substances, or electric device in treaty
waters for the purpose of capturing or killing fish.
5. Pollution of waters. — No person shall place or pass, or allow to pass, into
treaty waters any substance offensive to fishes, injurious to fish life, or destruc¬
tive to fish fry or to the food of fish fry, unless permitted so to do under any law
passed by the legislative authority having jurisdiction.
No person shall deposit dead fish, fish offal, or gurry in treaty waters, or on
ice formed thereon, except in gurry grounds established by the duly consti¬
tuted authorities.
44
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
6. Capture of fishes for propagation or for scientific purposes. — Nothing
contained in these regulations shall prohibit or interfere with the taking of any
fishes at any time for propagation or hatchery purposes, and obtaining at any
time or by any method specimens of fishes for scientific purposes under authority
granted for Canadian treaty waters by the duly constituted authorities in
Canada and for United States treaty waters by the duly constituted authorities
in the United States.
12. Capture of immature salmon prohibited. — No salmon or steelhead of less
than 3 pounds in weight shall be fished for, killed, or captured in treaty waters.
13. Salmon weirs, etc., above tidal limits prohibited. — No salmon and no steel-
head shall be fished for, killed, or captured by means of a net of any sort,
any weir or any fish wheel, above tidal limits in any river in treaty waters.
llt. Close season for sturgeon. — During the term of four years next following
the date of the promulgation of these regulations no sturgeon shall be fished
for, killed, or captured in treaty waters.
15. Capture of fish for fertiliser or oil prohibited. — -Fishes useful for human
food shall not be fished for, killed, or captured in treaty waters for use in the
manufacture of fertilizer, or of oil other than oil for food or medicinal purposes.
16. Naked hooks and spears prohibited. — No spear, grappling hook, or naked
hook, and no artificial bait with more than three hooks, or more than one burr
of three hooks attached thereto, shall be used for the capture of fish in treaty
waters. This regulation shall not prohibit the use of a gaff in hook-and-line
fishing.
17. Torching prohibited. — No torch, flambeau, or other artificial light shall be
used as a lure for fish in treaty waters.
The following regulations relate specifically to the waters named :
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA AND ADJACENT WATERS.
The following regulations (62 to 66, inclusive) shall apply to the Strait of
Juan de Fuca, those parts of Washington Sound, the Gulf of Georgia, and
Puget Sound lying between the parallels of 48° 10' and 49° 20' north latitude:
62. Close season for salmon. — From August 25 to September 15 in each year,
both days inclusive, no salmon or steelhead shall be fished for, killed, or cap¬
tured for commercial purposes in these treaty waters; provided, however, that
in the waters to the westward of a line drawn southward from Gonzales Point
to the shore of the State of Washington silver salmon, or coho salmon, may
be fished for, killed, or captured from September 1 to September 15 in each
year, both days inclusive.
63. Weekly close season for salmon and steelhead. — From 6 o’clock Saturday
morning to 6 o’clock on the Monday morning next succeeding, no salmon or
steelhead shall be fished for, killed, or captured in these treaty waters.
It is, however, provided that in the waters to the westward of a line drawn
southward from Gonzales Point to the shore of the State of Washington the
weekly close season shall begin 12 hours earlier, and shall end 12 hours earlier.
61) . Construction of pound nets. — All pound nets or other stationary appliances
for the capture of salmon or steelhead shall be so constructed that no fish what¬
ever shall be taken during the weekly close season. The erection or addition
to the pound net of a jigger is prohibited.
65. Location of pound nets. — All pound nets shall be limited to a length of
2,500 feet, with an end passageway of at least 600 feet between one pound net
and the next in a linear series, such distance being measured in continuation
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
45
of the line of direction of the leader of such net, and a lateral passageway
of at least 2,400 feet between one pound net and the next.
On and after January 1, 1911, the mesh in pound nets shall be 4 inches in
extension in the leader and not less than 3 inches in other parts of the net.
66. Nets other than pound nets. — No purse net shall be used within 3 miles
of the mouth of any river and no seine within 1 mile of the mouth of any river
in these treaty waters.
No gill net of more than 900 feet in length or of a greater depth than 60
meshes shall be used in these treaty waters.
In Alaska previous to 1906 the conditions prevailing were very
similar to those in Oregon and Washington, but in that year Con¬
gress enacted a comprehensive and excellent law regulating the fish¬
eries, the enforcement of which was entrusted to the Bureau of Fish¬
eries. The force of agents is still inadequate, although materially
increased in 1911, and its facilities for covering the territory are
very meager. Conditions approaching the ideal will not prevail
until these defects have been remedied; but respect for the fishery
laws in Alaska obtains very generally now as a result of their per¬
sistent enforcement during the past five years.
VI. METHODS OF PREPARING SALMON.
CANNING.
EARLY DAYS OF THE INDUSTRY.
In the salmon industry canning is, and has been almost from
the time of the discovery of a feasible method of so preserving the
fish, the principal branch. The first canning of salmon on the
Pacific coast was on the Sacramento River in 1864, when Messrs.
G. W. and William Hume and Andrew S. Hapgood, operating
under the firm name of Hapgood, Hume & Co., started the work on
a scow at Washington, Yolo County, Cal. The Hume brothers, who
came from Maine originally, had been fishing for salmon in the
Sacramento River for some years before the idea of canning the
fish had entered their minds, while Mr. Hapgood had previously
been engaged in canning lobsters in Maine, and was induced by the
Humes to participate in order that they might have the benefit of
his knowledge of canning methods. The late Mr. R. D. Hume, who
worked in the original cannery and later became one of the best
known canners on the coast, thus describes the plant and the methods
employed : a
Before the arrival of Mr. Hapgood [from Maine] the Hume brothers had
purchased a large scow, on which they proposed to do the canning of salmon,
and had added an extension to the cabin IS by 24 feet in area, to be used 'as a
can-making shop. This had a shed on the side next to the river for holding
any cans that might be made in advance of the packing season. A few days
after the arrival of Mr. Hapgood [March 23, 1S64], the tools and machinery
were packed and put in position. Mr. Hapgood made some stovepipe and two
or three sheet-iron fire pots, and in a short time was ready for can making.
The following list of tools and machinery will shown how primitive our facili¬
ties were as compared with present methods: 1 screw hand press, 1 set cast-
iron top dies, 1 set cast-iron bottom dies, 1 pair squaring shears, 1 pair rotary
shears, 1 pair bench shears, 1 pair hand shears or snips, 1 pair 24-inch rolls,
1 anvil (weight 50 pounds), 1 forging hammer, 1 tinner’s hammer, 1 set punches
for making stovepipe, 1 rivet set, 1 grooving set, 2 iron slabs grooved on one
side to mold strips of solder, 1 iron clamp to hold bodies of cans while solder¬
ing the seams, 1 triangular piece of cast iron about three-eighths of an inch in
thickness and 6 inches in length, with a wooden handle attached to the apex,
also used for holding can bodies in place while being seamed.
° The first salmon cannery. By R. D. Hume. Pacific Fisherman, vol. n, no. 1, Janu¬
ary, 1904, p. 19-21.
46
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
47
The process of canning was as follows : The bodies of the cans were first cut
to proper size by the squaring shears, a line was then scribed with a gage
about three-sixteenths of an inch from one edge, and they were next formed
into cylindrical shape by the rolls. They were then taken to the soldering
bench, and one edge lapped by the other until the edge met the line that had
been scribed and fastened there by being soldered a small part of the length
to hold them in place for the further purpose of seaming. They were then
placed either in the iron clamp, which had a piece of wood attached to its under
side, and held firmly, the clamp being closed by the operation of a treadle, or
were slipped on a piece of wood, which was bolted to the bench, while being
held in place by the triangular hand seamer, which was pressed down on the
lap of the seam by the left hand of the operator. When this had been done
a piece of solder, which had been prepared by shaking in a can together with
rosin, was placed on the seam, and melted and rubbed lengthwise of the seam.
After cooling the bodies were ready for the end or bottom, which operation
was brought about by first cutting out circular blanks with the rotary shears,
and then placing them in the cast-iron die, and bringing the handle of the
screw press around with a swing with force enough to form up the end or
bottom. In this operation there were many difficulties, as the ends or bottoms
would many times stick to the upper part of the die and refuse to come off, and
finger nails were pretty short in those days. To get the ends out of the lower
part of the die was not so bad, as a wooden plunger operated by a treadle
knocked them out, but sometimes they were in pretty bad shape. When the
bottoms or ends were ready they were slipped on the bodies, and the edge of
the bottom rolled about in a pan of powdered rosin until the seam was well
dusted. A piece of solder similar in size and preparation as used for the side
seam was placed in the can. They were then placed on the smooth side of the
cast-iron slabs, and the operator, with a hot soldering copper shaped to fit the
circle of the can, melted the solder and, by turning the can rapidly, soldered
the full circumference. The output of this can factory was very imperfect, as
at least one-half of the seams burst, owing to the lack of experience of the
manager or want of good judgment.
When the can making was well underway Mr. Hapgood then turned his at¬
tention to getting the apparatus for canning on board the house boat. This in
the cooking department consisted of a kettle made of boiler iron about 36 inches
in diameter and 5 feet in depth, set in a brick furnace and fired from under¬
neath. Alongside was a round bottom cast-iron pot holding about 60 gallons
of water and heated in the same manner. These kettles, with a dozen coolers
or circular sheet-iron pans with ropes attached and with holes cut in the
bottoms for drainage, a set of 5-inch blocks and tackle, with a sheet-iron fire
pot and a scratch awl, completed the bathroom outfit. The can filling and
soldering room was furnished with a table through the center, where cutting
the salmon in pieces to suit and the filling of the cans was done. On each side
of the room there was a bench running the full length, on the end of one of
which the cans were placed to receive the pickle, which was used at that time
instead of the small quantity of salt that is placed in the cans during the opera-
lions of these later days. After the salmon had been cleaned by removing the
entrails and washing them outside the covered portion of the scow, they were
brought inside and placed on the table, and a man with a butcher knife in one
hand and a stick in the other, which had a mark showing the length of the
pieces desired, cut gashes in the side of the salmon as a guide, and then cut
the fish into sections corresponding to the length of the mark on the stick. He
. 59395°— 11 - 30
48
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
then proceeded to cut the sections in pieces to suit the cans. Then three or
four operators placed the salmons in the cans and shoved them along the table
to where a boy wiped the top edge and passed them along to two others who
placed tops which fitted inside of the rim. The cans were then taken in wooden
trays to the bench opposite the starting point, which was fitted with four sheet-
iron pots, and at the one nearest the entrance to the house on the scow a man
put a soldering flux on the top edge, which was made by adding zinc to muriatic
acid, and then with a pointed soldering copper and a stick of solder melted
the solder until a small portion could be drawn around the groove formed by
the edge of the can and the bevel of the top. From there the cans were taken
to the other parts of the bench, where two men finished soldering the head in,
and then taken to the third man, who soldered, or, as it was called, buttoned
the end of the seam lap. The cooking department or bathroom, as it was
called, was separated from the filling and soldering room by a partition. The
cans were shoved through a hole in the partition.
At this time the process was a secret. Mr. Hapgood did the cooking and all
the work done inside, no one but a member of the firm being allowed to go in.
This privacy was continued until the firm moved to the Columbia River and,
the labor becoming too arduous for Mr. Hapgood to perform alone, a boy by
the name of Charlie Taylor was taken in as an assistant. * * *
But to return to the original proposition : When the filled cans had been
soldered and entered the bathroom they were put in the coolers and lowered
into the cast-iron pot, one cooler of cans being cooked at a time. The cooler
was lowered into the boiling fresh water until the cans were submerged to
within 1 inch of the top ends and left to cook for one hour ; then they were
hoisted out and the vent holes in the center of the top soldered up, after
which they were dumped into the boiler-iron kettle, which held a solution of
salt and water of density sufficient to produce, when boiling, a heat of 228° to
230° F. They were cooked in this solution for one hour and then taken out of
the kettle with an iron scoop shaped like a dip net, with a wooden handle
about 6 feet in length. They were dumped into a tank of water on the other
side of the partition which separated the bathi’oom from the packing room
through an opening in the partition, receiving many a bump and bruise in the
operation. Then they were washed with soap and rag to remove the dirt and
grease, each can being handled separately. When this was done they were
piled on the floor of the packing room and in a few days were painted with a
mixture of red lead, turpentine, and linseed oil, for at that time buyers would
have no canned salmon, no matter how good the quality, unless the cans were
painted red.
When packs of 10,000 to 15,000 cases were made in a season only
the absolutely essential machinery was used, the rest of the work, such
as cutting and cleaning the fish and placing them in the cans, being
done by hand. 'When larger canneries were constructed, especially in
Alaska, where labor is expensive and difficult to obtain, the greater
part of the workmen having to be brought up from the States, ma¬
chinery to do as much as possible of the work became absolutely
essential. The inventive genius of the country came to the rescue
and one by one machines for cutting and cleaning the fish, filling the
cans, putting the tops on, and washing them, were invented and put
into use, while automatic weighing machines were produced and
extensive improvements and alterations were made in the machines
previously in use. There are to-day many large manufacturing es-
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
49
tablishments which devote all or the greater part of their facilities
to furnishing machinery and supplies to this giant branch of the
salmon industry.
When salmon canning was in its infancy a pack of from 150 to 200
cases was considered a good day’s wrork. Now it is not an uncommon
occurrence for a cannery to turn out from 1,500 to 2,000 cases in one
day, and there are a few which have even greater capacity.
During the height of the salmon run a cannery is an exceedingly
busy and interesting place, and a description of the methods used at
the present time will show the giant strides the industry has made
since the days of Hapgood, Hume & Company.
HANDLING THE SALMON.
At convenient spots near the fishing grounds large scows and
lighters are anchored and the fishing crews deliver their catches
aboard these, the tallyman on each scow keeping a record and giving
the crew a receipt. Men fishing near the cannery deliver their catch
alongside. Steamers and launches are used to tow out empty
scows and bring in those filled. In the old days the fish were
pitched by hand into bins on the wharves, but this laborious method
has been superseded by the use of an elevator, which extends from a
short distance above the top of the wharf to the water’s edge, pro¬
vision being made for raising or lowering the lower end according to
the stage of the tide. This elevator is slanting, and is made of an
endless chain operating in a shallow trough. About every 2 feet
there is attached to the chain a crosspiece of wood. At the top of the
elevator are chutes which deliver the fish at various convenient spots
on the cutting-room floor.
At a few places tracks have been run down to the low-wTater stage
and the steamers, launches, and scows come alongside these, small
cars being run down to meet them, and be filled by men pitching the
fish from the boats, the cars when filled being run up into the cutting
room and dumped upon the floor. At other places men armed with
pews (single-tined forks) pitch the fish up to the wharf, where other
men pitch them to the cutters.
If the salmon have been in the scows for from 20 toft24 hours they
are used as soon as possible after being delivered at the cannery;
otherwise that length of time is usually allowed to elapse, the can-
nerymen claiming that if not allowed to shrink the fish will be in such
condition that when packed much juice will be formed, so that in
“blowing,” after cooking, light-weight cans will be produced. The
danger of canning fish that are too fresh, however, is of minor im¬
portance as compared with the tendency in the other direction.
Before dressing the fish a stream of water is kept playing over them
in order to remove the dirt and slime, after which men with pews
separate the different species into piles.
50
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
DRESSING.
The majority of the canneries still use the old hand method of
dressing the fish, and in such places the selection of the butchering or
dressing gangs is of prime importance. Two men constitute a “ butch¬
er’s gang,” and the number of these gangs is dependent upon the
output of the plant. Boys place the fish, with the head out, upon
the cutting tables. One man cuts off the heads, and is followed by
another who removes the fins, tails, and viscera. The offal is thrown
into a chute, whence it passes into the water under the cannery,
while the dressed fish is transferred to a tank of water, to be scaled,
washed, and scraped. It is then passed to another tank of water,
where it receives a second washing, scraping, and final brushing
with a whisklike broom, which removes any offal, blood, and scales
that were overlooked in the first washing, after which it is removed
to large bins on either side of the cutting machine.
The most useful cannery inventions in recent years have been of
machines for doing the work of the dressing gangs. Several have
been invented and work more or less satisfactorily. The one now
in general use in canneries where such machines are employed was
first used in 1903 at Fairhaven (now Bellingham), Wash. It removes
the head, tail, and fins and opens and thoroughly cleans the fish
ready to cut into pieces for the cans. By the use of these machines
the dressing gang is almost entirely done away with, dispensing with
15 to 20 men.
CUTTING.
The usual method of cutting the salmon is by a machine. This
is generally a large wooden cylindrical carrier, elliptical in shape,
thus having a larger carrying capacity. Ledges or rests on the outside
the length of the carrier are wide enough to hold the fish, and are
slit in cross section through the ledges and outer casing to receive
the gang knives. The latter are circular, fixed on an axle at the
proper distances apart, and revolve at the highest point reached by
the carrier and independently of the latter. The carrier and gang
knives are sel in motion, each revolving on its own shaft. As a rest
on the carrier comes to a horizontal position, men stationed at the
fish bins lay a fish on each ledge as it passes. Thence it is conveyed
to the revolving gang knives and, after being divided, passes through
on the downward course, sliding off the rest into the filling chute.
The knives in these machines are so arranged as to cut the fish
transversely in sections the exact length of the cans to be filled.
The rotary cutter shunts the tail pieces to one side, and these are
carried by means of a chute to baskets. But few of the larger tail
pieces are canned, the rest being thrown away, this forming a con-
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
51
siderable part of the tremendous annual waste of the salmon can¬
neries. As the tail portion is much smaller, with less meat, it can
not be placed in the cans with the middle and head sections without
detracting from their value, but if packed under a distinct and
separate label, as is now done in a few canneries, there is no reason
why the tails should not supply the demand for a cheap grade of fish.
In some of the smaller canneries, especially in those packing flat
cans, the gang knives are worked by hand. In this case the knives
are not circular, but elongated or semicircular in shape, tapering at
the outer ends. They are mounted on an axle having a large iron
lever at one end, and when this lever is raised the ends of the gang
knives are thrown up and back. The fish is then placed in position
under them and the lever pulled forward, the knives, with a scimitar¬
like movement, dividing the fish.
The original method of cutting was by means of a long knife
wielded by a Chinaman who stood at a regular butcher’s block.
Although his strokes were incredibly quick, the rotary cutting ma¬
chine is a vast improvement over the old way.
SALTING.
Every can of salmon is seasoned with one-fourth of an ounce of
salt, which, to insure uniformity, is added by mechanical means. A
table is used, in the top of which are holes equal distances apart.
On the under side of the top is a sheet-iron plate, with an equal
number of holes, which slides in a groove at the sides, and is worked
either by a hand or foot lever. Just below is an open space large
enough to accommodate a tray holding 36 or 48 cans. A workman
stands in front of the table and slides a tray of cans into the open
space. He then throws a quantity of salt upon the table and im¬
mediately scrapes this off with a thin piece of wood, each hole being
filled in the operation, and the salt being prevented from falling
through by the iron plate underneath. The lever is then pressed, the
iron plate moves forward until the holes in it are directly under the
table top, when the salt drops through into the cans. This opera¬
tion can be repeated four or five times in a minute.
FILLING THE CANS.
Most canneries now use filling machines, although a few, more
particularly those packing flat and odd-sized cans, still fill by hand.
The filling machine consists of a chute with a belt to which are
attached wire racks about 4 inches apart, set at an angle to prevent
the salt from spilling out, into which the salted cans are fed from the
floor above and pass into the machine. At the same time the divided
sections of salmon pass down another chute into the mouth of what
52
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
looks like a hand coffee mill. They pass through here down a
smaller chute and are forced by two dogs into a receptacle through
which the plunger, or filler, passes. Here the plunger comes opposite
the open mouth of the empty can, which when it reaches this point
is caught by a clasp or hook and held in front of the plunger, which
is immediately thrust forward through a chamber filled with salmon,
cutting the fish longitudinally and at the same time filling the
can. The next movement forces the can out upon a table. When
running at full speed one of these machines will fill about 80 cans a
minute.
On being released by the clamp the cans roll upon a long table
and are picked up by a man stationed here, who strikes each one
upon a square piece of lead set in the table, in order to settle the
contents down into the can and for the purpose of detecting any
deficiency in weight. If not quite full the cans are pushed to the
other side of the table, where a man adds the quantity of fish needed,
a supply of small bits being kept at hand for this purpose. Gen¬
erally the cans overrun in weight, frequently as much as an ounce.
Occasionally a can is weighed in order to see that the machine is
in perfect adjustment.
In the hand method the fillers stand on each side of a long table
with a trough running down the middle from end to end. This is
filled with the cut pieces of salmon, and the fillers, usually women
and children, put into the cans large pieces at first and then smaller
pieces to occupy the vacant spaces.
WASHING THE CANS.
The cans are put upon an endless belt by a workman and pass from
the filling-machine table to the washing machine. This is a rotating
apparatus, consisting of an iron framework holding 10 rests or
stands on which the cans sit. Immediately overhead are small per¬
pendicular shafts with an iron cap, the diameter of a can, fixed to
the end of each. Each can as it reaches the machine is caught by
one of the washers and the cap brought down over the top, a tight-
fitting flange preventing water from getting inside. Revolving rap¬
idly as it goes, with a stream of water against it of sufficient force
to remove the dirt and grease, the can is carried until the machine
has revolved 180 degrees, when it is released and passes out on a
belt. A more modern method is to use jets of steam for washing,
while one of the latest devices is to clean the cans by a cold-air blast
which strikes directly on the top edge. A set of brushes against
which the cans revolve is used in a few canneries.
After being washed the cans continue on an endless belt and
pass two children whose duty is to put a small piece of scrap tin
on the top of each. These pieces are called “ chips," are from 1|
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
53
to 2 inches, and are scraps from the sheet tin used in making the
tops of the cans. The shape is of no particular importance so long
as the pieces are long enough to cover the hole in the top of the can,
or the cap as it is called.
CAPPING.
The endless belt delivers the can to the capping or topping ma¬
chine. On reaching this the can passes under a cap holding a top,
the latter being fed in through a separate aperture, and the cap
immediately falls with just sufficient force to put the top on the can
without injuring either. The can is then forced out from under the
capper by the rotation of the machine, and the next capper is brought
around to receive another can. As the cans revolve they are carried
under a crimper, situated directly opposite the capper, which presses
the edge firmly around the body. While one can is being topped
another is being crimped, after which it rolls out upon a belt on its
side, and is taken through the acid trough. Before the tops are
sealed the edges must be treated with a solution of muriatic acid,
which is in a glass receptacle and is applied as the cans are rolled
through the acid trough on the endless belt.
SOLDERING.
For many years the tops and also all other parts of a can were sol¬
dered by hand, a long, tedious, and expensive process, which even¬
tually gave way to the soldering machine. This is composed of an
endless chain about 6 feet long, revolving around two shafts at either
end of an iron trough. In the bottom of the trough is the solder,
which is kept at molten heat by a row of oil blast jets underneath.
Between the lower part of the chain and trough is just enough room
for a can to pass without jamming, and they are forced along the
trough by a chain in contact with their sides. They enter the trough
at an angle, their bottoms slightly inclined, which causes the top
rim to be submerged in solder, thus distributing it evenly all around
the edge.
In passing through the trough the. cans make about half a dozen
revolutions, which cause the tops to become very hot, and it is to
prevent them from being blown off by the pressure of the steam
which quickly generates that the center hole in the top is made. The
“chip” previously mentioned prevents the hole from being choked
with salmon.
A soldering machine having, instead of the endless chain to give
motion to the cans, a metal spiral running the length of the machine
and revolving on an axle through the center, is used in some can¬
neries. Each loop grasps a can and follows it to the end, thus giv¬
ing the cans the proper motion and preventing them from rolling
54
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
side by side and lapping the solder over the ends, as is frequently the
case with the chain machines.
A few canneries use a revolving cooler, which has a disk upon
which the cans rest. This disk is filled with running water, and
after it makes two revolutions the cans are forced into an inclined
trough under a stream of wrater. The usual method, however, is
for the cans on leaving the soldering machine to pass under sev¬
eral jets of water to set the solder and at the end of the belt to be
transferred by workmen to coolers or crates, which are made of flat
strap iron, square shaped, and hold about 96 cans. The crate having
been filled, it is placed upon a square truck and rolled aside, where
the vent holes are stopped with a drop of solder.
TESTING.
The testing tank is a square wooden tank filled with water heated
almost to the boiling point by steam pipes arranged in a coil at the
bottom. The crates are hoisted into the test tank by a block and
tackle attached to an overhead track, which permits the coolers to be
swung to any place desired.
This test is for the purpose of detecting leaks due to imperfect
soldering and is conducted by two workmen skilled in this operation.
The slightest leak is detected by the appearance of small bubbles
issuing from the cans. The spots where the bubbles appear are
marked with a small iron tool held in the hand, and the cans are
taken out and placed in small wooden trays, in which they are carried
to the bench men, whose duty it is to mend them. Cans that have
been mended are again tested as before. The bench men are located
in front of a long bench on which are numerous fire pots, supplied
with oil and air led through small tubes, in which the soldering irons
are kept heated, the heat and air being regulated by connecting
valves. Kerosene oil and gasoline are the fuels generally used now.
COOKING.
The salmon are invariably cooked in rectangular retorts which rest
in a bed and have a track running the long way. In front of each is
a turntable for the purpose of receiving trucks coming from any direc¬
tion. Four trucks each holding 6 crates of cans, piled one upon
another, are run into the retort, which is then closed and steam
turned on, entering at the bottom. The amount of pressure is from
6 to 12 pounds, the heat 250° F. In most establishments the first
cooking is continued about 60 minutes.
After the first cooking the crates are taken out and placed on a
long table called a “ venting table,” where the cans are pricked with
a wooden-headed hammer fitted with a small brad, to allow the steam
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
55
and superfluous water to escape. After the venting has been done the
holes are soldered up, the crates again loaded on a truck and rolled
into the second retort, where they are subjected to the same pressure
of steam and heat as in the first cooking and for a period of about 60
minutes.
In some canneries the retorts for first cooking are made of heavy
plank, well bolted to resist the steam pressure.
In the early days much secrecy and mystery was thrown about the
cooking, and the work was carried on in a separate room, known as
the “ bathroom,” under lock and key. The first cooking was done in
common tubs. The early retorts were made of wood. Later, round
iron kettles were substituted, nearly one-half consisting of cover, and
round crates were used for holding the cans.
For many years cannery men believed that the double cooking of
salmon was absolutely necessary, but in 1898 Mr. F. A. Seufert, at
his cannery on the Columbia Kiver, at Seuferts, Oreg., a short dis¬
tance above The Dalles, discarded this idea, and has since used a one-
cooking method. Bv the new process the cans are tested for leaks
after the center hole in the top is soldered up, as before, and are left
in the retort 70 minutes at 245° F. and 12 pounds steam pressure.
According to its originator, this method saves more than one-half
the labor in the bathroom, saves nearly one-half the labor in washing
the cans after cooking, and also better retains the color of the fish.
SANITARY, OR SOLDERLESS, CANS.
A recent improvement in the canning business, and one which
accomplishes the same purpose as the single' cooking in retorts, is that
of “ sanitary cans,” so called. In order to use these cans a quite
radical, but economical, change in machinery is necessary. As the
cans leave the filling machine they pass into a steam exhauster, con¬
sisting of a box about, 30 feet in length, in which are three endless-
chain belts running side by side. Under and over each belt are steam
coils, and under each of the lower coils are single pipes, which
through small holes throw jets of live steam upon the coils, creating
an intense heat. The cans pass along the first belt, are then trans¬
ferred to the second belt, on which they return to the entrance of the
box, whence they pass to the third belt, and continuing along this to
the end pass out to the topper and crimper, the whole operation occu¬
pying five minutes’ time. One style of exhauster has 10 ovals formed
by the pipe, and the cans pass along these from side to side of the
exhauster until discharged at the far end. By this means the contents
of the can are heated and the greater part of the air exhausted, which
is the object of the first cooking in the retort under the method in
general use.
56
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
The topper and crimper is a circular machine with six rests for
the cans. The first work performed by the machine is to “ true up ”
the upper edge of the can, which is done by a plunger that presses
the upper flange of the can upon a shoulder. In the meantime the
top, which is coated around the outer edge with cement, has been
automatically fed into the machine, is now clamped on the can, and
by another operation is crimped on tight. The cans then leave the
machine on an endless conveyer and pass to the men who transfer
them to the coolers, and these are immediately placed upon the trucks
and run into the retort for the one cooking they are to receive. The
time they are to remain here is somewhat variable, 70 to 125 minutes
with a temperature of 242° F. being the common period.
By the use of these cans the soldering machine, and in fact all use
of solder and acid, is done away with, a distinct sanitary improve¬
ment, for sometimes the substances would get into the can and cause
a deleterious chemical change in the contents. It also does away with
the first cooking and the subsequent venting and soldering, a saving
both in labor and time consumed.
REPAIRING CANS.
Imperfect cans which are repaired before the first cooking are
naturally in the same condition as if there had been no defects. If
the leaks are discovered after cooking and are repaired at once and
the contents recooked, they are still very good, the only difficulty
being that by blowing or venting them a second time they lose weight.
The above goods usually go in with the regular pack of their kind
and are not classed as regular “ do-overs.”
When, however, a cannery is running at full capacity, defective
cans can not always be repaired and recooked at once and are some¬
times set aside for days. Decomposition follows, of course, as with
any other meat that is exposed to the air, and the fish becomes unfit
for food. When recooked the meat becomes mushy and the blowing
or venting makes the cans very light, a defect which is frequently
corrected by adding salt water. This, the “ do-over,” is the lowest
class of goods. In the old days, and even yet to some extent, such
cans are sold without labels to brokers, or else are given some indefi¬
nite label, perhaps with the name of some fictitious cannery, and sold
in the lumber, mining, or negro districts, or shipped to foreign coun¬
tries with less fastidious tastes in the matter of salmon. In 1910 one
of the leading companies of Alaska adopted the policy of throwing
overboard all “ do-overs.”
On coming from the second retort the crates are lowered into a
bath of lye, or, as in some canneries, the cans are run through such a
bath on an endless belt, which, with the aid of a slight rinsing and a
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
57
few rubs with a brush over the top, removes from the can all the
grease and other material, and then passes them into another bath
where the lye is washed off in hot fresh water. The cans then go to
the cooling room, where a stream of water is played upon them, or,
during rainy weather are placed out of doors upon the wharf, and
there allowed to cool.
The top and bottom of the cans contract in cooling, and for several
hours a sharp popping noise is heard. Here, as in nearly every proc¬
ess through which they pass, the cans are again tested, this time by
tapping the tops with a small piece of iron about 6 inches long, or,
sometimes, a 12-penny nail. The sound conveys to the ear of the
tester an unmistakable meaning as to the condition of the can, and
the faulty cans that escape notice during the other tests are invari¬
ably found in this one.
LACQUERING.
An almost universal custom in the salmon-canning industry, but
one that is not common in the canning of vegetables, fruits, etc., is
that of lacquering the cans. This idea of protecting the can on the
outside has been followed from the very beginning, for two reasons :
(1) That the English market which, at that time especially, absorbed
the greater part of these goods, insisted on their shipments being-
finished in this way, and (2) from the fact, as these canners speedily
found out, that if they did not protect their cans in some way enor¬
mous losses through rust would ensue.
The first experiment of this nature was to paint the cans by hand
with red paint, treating each singly. Next a composition of logwood
extract and alcohol was tried, which, however, did not produce satis¬
factory results for a very plain reason — the can was dyed instead of
being lacquered. The next attempt was to varnish the cans with a
japan varnish reduced with alcohol, but this was found to dry too
slowly for speedy handling. After extended experimentation the
quick-drying brown lacquer of the present time was evolved, which
carries asphaltum in the form of an asphalt varnish as its base, this
being supplanted in some cases by gilsonite. This lacquer can be pro¬
cured in either a heavy or light body, is generally reduced with ben¬
zine or gasoline, and is applied according to the requirements of the
market, which in some localities demands a heavy coating and in
others a much lighter finish, the latter giving a rich golden brown
color. Some experiments have also been made in using brighter col¬
ored lacquers for this work. Several of these, made to give a bright
golden, copper, or other color, are extremely attractive in appearance,
while at the same time protecting the tin against rust quite as well
as the brown.
58
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
The industry soon outgrew the hand method of lacquering, and the
jirocess which for a number of years was universal in the trade, and
is still used by some canneries, succeeded it. For this there are a
number of rectangular box vats about 40 by 80 inches and 18 inches in
depth, the number varying with the capacity of the cannery. These
are usually lined with galvanized metal and provided with a grid¬
iron-shaped iron frame, hung from a windlass or other tackle for
lifting or lowering from top to bottom of the vat. The cans are
loaded on this gridiron, being placed in an inclined position to allow
the draining of the lacquer, and are lowered in the vat sufficiently to
submerge them in the lacquer with which the vat is charged to a
depth of 7 to 10 inches. The loaded gridiron is then raised to the
top of the vat and the cans allowed to drain and dry before piling.
This method, while being more effective in regard to the volume of
work, was still of necessity a very slow and tedious operation. In
damp or rainy weather, especially when it is not possible to open
warehouse doors and windows, the gas arising from a number of
these vats makes effective drying almost impossible.
Another principal objection to this method of lacquering, which
applied also to all earlier attempts, was the impossibility of obtaining
an even coat of lacquer when the can was allowed to dry in any
stationary position. There was also a large waste by evaporation.
Notwithstanding repeated efforts at invention, however, it was not
until 1901 that an effective machine for handling this difficult work
was put on the market. The apparatus now in use by a number of
canneries receives the cans on a revolving wheel fitted with rests for
holding them while passing through the lacquer bath. From here
they roll upon an endless chain which revolves the cans as they pass
through a long box in which a hot blast dries them before they
reach the end of the machine. The rotating or rolling motion
given to the can after the lacquer bath, preventing the lacquer from
draining to and consequently accumulating on any part of its sur¬
face, also has the effect of distributing the lacquer evenly and results
in a clean and neatly finished can. The air blast facilitates the work
of drying to such an extent that it requires only about two minutes
after being deposited on the drying bed of the machine for the cans
to be ready for handling, while the quantity of cans which can be han¬
dled in a day is vastly greater than by the old method.
A few flat and oval cans are not lacquered, but are protected from
rust by wrapping in tissue paper, over which the label is placed.
LABELING.
While machines have been made for this purpose, and some of them
are in use, the work is usually done by hand. A number of men
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
59
seat themselves about 4 feet apart in front of the pile of cans.
Each man has in front of him a package of several hundred labels,
and by bunching them on a slant so that successive margins protrude
beyond each preceding, he can apply paste to the entire number with
one stroke of the brush. A can is placed on the label, is quickly rolled,
and the label is on much quicker than one can tell it. Each man
places to his right the cans he labels, forming a pile of length and
width equal to his unlabeled pile, and when the entire lot has been
labeled it has been shifted only about 4 feet. Cans of fancy brands
of salmon put up on the Columbia River and in the Puget Sound
region are wrapped in colored tissue paper before the label is put on.
Cartons similar to those used by the sardine packers would make good
containers for fancy brands and would be much cheaper than the
present method.
Several attempts have been made to popularize salmon packed in
glass and porcelain jars, and while these have met with some favor,
it was not sufficient to warrant a continuance of the practice for any
length of time. None are being so packed at the present time.
BRANDS.
A very important feature of the canning industry is the selection
of appropriate brands or labels for the various grades of salmon.
Each company has a number of these, which it has acquired either
by designing them or by absorbing another company which owned
them. A well-known brand has a value in itself and sometimes is
a very important asset. A company will sometimes market a con¬
siderable part of its product in one section, and here, where the
consumer has become familiar with the brand and pleased with the
contents of the can, he will ask for and accept no other, despite the
fact that the latter might be, and probably is, the equal of the
product he has been using.
Up to a few years ago one of the most serious evils in the trade
was the use of misleading and lying brands. The high-grade product
would almost invariably be correctly and fully branded, but “ chums ”
and “pinks’" were usually branded as “Fresh salmon,” “Choice
salmon,” etc., which would deceive all persons but those well ac¬
quainted with the industry. “ Do-overs ” and very poor fish were
usually marketed under a brand which bore the name of a fictitious
company or of no company at all.
The passage of State laws of varying degrees of efficiency govern¬
ing the branding of salmon helped slightly to remedy this condition
of affairs, but it was not until the Pure Food and Drugs Act, approved
June 30, 1906, was put into force by the Government that any radical
improvement was noticeable. At the present time but few mislead¬
ing brands are in use.
60
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
BOXING OR CASING.
A case of salmon generally contains 48 one-pound cans or their
equivalent, i. e., 24 two-pound cans or 96 half-pound cans. Some
canneries pack their half-pound cans in cases of 48. These cases are
usually made of wood and cost from 9 to 11 cents each knocked down.
CAN MAKING.
Some of the canneries in the coast States purchase their cans ready
made, but the usual method is to purchase the sheet tin and make
up the cans in the canneries. This is especially necessary in Alaska,
as it would be impossible to find room on the cannery ships for such
a bulk as they would make in addition to the other supplies necessary.
Furthermore, the making of cans provides work for a large part of
the crew, otherwise unemployed while the rest are getting ready the
other necessary paraphernalia. The work is done by machinery
and occupies several weeks’ time.
MILD CURING.
The beginning of the business of mild curing salmon, or “ sweet
pickling,” as it is sometimes called, is of comparatively recent date.
In 1889 a German dealer came to the Columbia River and tried to
interest some of the cannery men in the business. Messrs. J. O. Han-
thorn, M. J. Kinney, and J. W. Cook were persuaded to prepare
some, and the plant of the Northwest Cold Storage Company, at
Portland, was used to keep the fish at a low temperature during
repacking and preparation for shipment. These fish were shipped
to Germany, but the shippers received no financial returns, word
coming back that the fish were not satisfactory.
Owing to this lack of success from the first effort no further at¬
tempt was made until 1894, when Mueller & Loring, of Chicago, put
up a carload of mild-cured salmon at Kalama, Wash., and shipped it
to Germany. In 1896 Charles Ruckles and Wallace Brothers, of
Kalama, packed several carloads for the German market. It was
not until 1898 that the business was permanently established on the
Columbia, the Trescott Packing Company and S. Schmidt & Sons
putting up plants at Warrenton and Astoria, respectively.
In 1900 the Trescott Packing Company began packing the spring
and fall runs, and the Sacramento River Packers’ Association packed
the fall run, on the Sacramento River, the business being carried on
here every year since.
In 1901 the Sacramento River Packers’ Association began at Monte¬
rey the mild curing of the spring salmon that were taken with hook
and line in the open ocean.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
61
S. Ellmore & Company started the industry in 1902 at Tillamook,
and the business began on Puget Sound in 1901, when the San Juan
Fishing & Packing Company and the Seattle Fish Company took
it up.
Prior to 1906 several of the Alaska cannery men put up each season
a few tierces of mild-cured salmon, but H was not until this time
that the industry really began as such. In that year J. Lindenberger
(Inc.) started packing at Ketchikan, Alaska. The following year
several other plants were started, and in 1910 almost all of the king
salmon taken in southeast Alaska were mild cured.
In mild curing the fish are split down the middle, the head, tail,
and all fins except the pectorals removed, and the backbone cut out.
The fish is then in two halves. Each of these halves, or sections, is
then scored on the outside eight or nine times with the knife. They
are then thrown into a cleaning vat, and here the inner side of each
section is carefully scraped clear of blood and membrane with a
knife, while the outside is thoroughly cleaned with a scrubbing
brush. The sections are then laid carefully inner side up in another
vat partly filled with clear, cold, running water, or into a tierce
partly filled with fresh water and cracked ice, in which they remain
for an hour. Formerly the fish were put into brine, but it has been
found that ice water answers the purpose much better. After being
thoroughly cooled, the sections are salted down in the tierces, each
one being laid with its tail toward the center. Usually about 50
whole fish are required to fill a tierce. The fish are but lightly
salted, and owing to this fact must be kept in cold storage until used.
In the early days of the industry different preparations, which
included salicylic and boracic acids, were used to help preserve the
fish. This caused much complaint from the Germans, and finally
their Government subjected our product to a rigid inspection, with
most salutary results, as now it is one of the purest and best prod¬
ucts put up on this coast, the use of acids being done away with
entirely.
The king salmon is almost invariably the species mild cured, being
the only one large enough to answer the requirements of the trade.
In 1907 a Ketchikan, Alaska, packer put up a quantity of coho, dog,
and humpback salmon, but he found so much difficulty in disposing
of the product that he abandoned further efforts in this line.
The principal consumers of the mild-cured salmon are the smokers,
who take them from the tierce, wash them for a few minutes, and
then have a practically fresh fish to smoke, and not, as in the days
when hard-pickled salmon were used, one that had lost most of its
oil and flavor through the excessive amount of salt needed to pre¬
serve it.
62
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
The greater part of the product put up on this coast goes to Eu¬
rope, Germany being the principal consumer, but considerable quan¬
tities are sold in Norway, Sweden, and other countries, while the
smokers of the cities east of the Rocky Mountains use large ship¬
ments every year.
PICKLING.
The earliest method of preserving salmon on the coast was by
pickling. At times this industry attained to large proportions, but
during the last 10 years it has been declining, largely because of the
increasing popularity of mild-cured salmon. All species of salmon
are pickled, but the most popular is the red salmon.
In dressing salmon for pickling the heads are removed, the fish
split along the belly, the cut ending with a downward curve on the
tail. The viscera and two-thirds of the backbone are removed, and
the blood, gurry, and black stomach membrane scraped away. The
fish are then thoroughly scrubbed and washed in cold water. They
are next placed in pickling butts with about 15 pounds of salt to
every 100 pounds of fish. The fish remain here about one week, when
they are removed, rubbed clean with a scrub brush, and repacked in
market barrels, one sack of salt being used to every three barrels of
200 pounds each. About 40 to 52 red salmon, 25 to 35 coho salmon,
70 to 80 humpback salmon, 10 to 14 king salmon, and 25 to 30 dog
salmon are required in packing a barrel of pickled salmon.
A few salteries also pack “ bellies.” This product is merely the
belly of the fish, which is the fattest portion, and as most of the
packers threw away the rest of the fish, thus causing a very large
waste of choice food, this method has come under the ban of the law
in some of the coast States and in Alaska. As a result but few
u bellies ” are packed now, and most of these only when some economic
use is made of the remainder. Humpback salmon furnish the major
part of the “ belly ” pack.
DRY SALTING.
During the progress of the Russian- Japanese War the preparation
of dry-salted dog salmon became an important industry, but as soon
as the Japanese fishermen resumed their former occupations the de¬
mand fell off so much that the industry was virtually abandoned in
the United States, although a number of Japanese continue it in
British Columbia. The fish, after being dressed, were packed in
boxes, in salt, these boxes holding about 560 pounds of fish, and were
shipped in this condition to Japan.
At a number of places in Alaska the bellies of red and coho salmon
are cut out and salted, after which the backs are dried in the sun and,
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
63
thus cured, are used for fox food at the numerous fox ranches. This
product is called “ ukalu.”
SMOKING.
The smoking of salmon is virtually a continuation of the pickling,
as the fish must be pickled before being smoked, the main purpose of
the pickling being to preserve them until the time arrives for smok¬
ing, which may be weeks or months after the fish are caught. For
smoking them the salmon are taken out of the barrel and soaked
until as much as possible of the salt is removed. They are then put
into the smokehouses and subjected to the heat and smoke of a fairly
hot fire for about two days in order that they may be thoroughly
dried and hardened. Exposure to a smoldering fire (alderwood is
a favorite fuel) for about three days completes the process.
For shipment smoked salmon are packed in wooden boxes, oil.
paper being placed between the fish.
A variation of the smoking process is known as “ kippering.”
With this method the salmon are dried in a hot fire for about 20
hours and then smoked over another hot fire for about 24 hours.
The “ buckling ” process is also similar to this.
Dog and king salmon are often cut into steaks and kippered. As
the sale of white-meated king salmon is somewhat hampered by the
whiteness, the smokers use a coloring preparation, known in the
trade as Zanzibar carmine. This gives the outside of the fish a deep-
colored red gloss, but leaves the inside its natural white color. The
steaks are wrapped in paper and packed in baskets holding 10 pounds
each.
A smoked product known locally as “ beleke,” is put up at Kodiak,
Alaska, from red and coho salmon. Steelhead trout are the best
for this purpose, but are not often utilized owing to their scarcity
in this region. In preparing “ beleke ” only the backs of the fish
are used, the belly part being cut out and pickled separately. The
backs are divided into three grades, according to size, viz, “ small,”
“ medium,” and “ large.” They are first put into a brine, the “ large ”
being put in first, followed by the “ medium ” and “ small ” at in¬
tervals of 1 hour each, so that all will be cured at about the same
time. The coho backs, being the largest, are kept in the brine from
19 to 20 hours, while the red salmon backs, which are smaller, re¬
main in the brine only about 16 hours. After being thoroughly
salted the backs are removed from the brine and rinsed in fresh
water, then hung in the air for about 24 hours to dry and to allow
a thin skin to form on the outside. They are then hung in the smoke¬
house, in the presence of a little fire of cottonwood or alder. On dry
days the gable windows arc thrown open and the wind allowed to
59395°— 11 - 31
64
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
pass through while the smoking is going on. The smoking must
be done slowly, two weeks being devoted to it.
There is a good demand for this product locally, the fish selling
for from 15 to 20 cents a pair, but little effort has been made to ex¬
tend its sale outside of central Alaska.
FREEZING.
The process of preserving fish by freezing was first introduced
in 1888. Previous to this the comparatively ancient method of
packing with ice, or in rare instances letting the fish freeze naturally
during the winter months, was followed. Packing with ice is in
quite general use to-day for shipments of fish which are to be pre¬
served for short periods of time. Cooling with ice never results in a
temperature lower than 32° F., which, of course, does not freeze
the fish.
The freezing of salmon and steelhead trout began on the Sacra¬
mento and Columbia Rivers in the late eighties. It was taken up
in a small way on Puget Sound in 1892. That year Wallace Bros,
and Ainsworth & Dunn froze a small lot, and the venture was so
successful that the next year nearly all of the wholesale dealers on
the Sound took up the business. In Alaska the preparing of frozen
salmon began in 1902. The San Juan Fishing & Packing Company,
soon to be succeeded by the Pacific Cold Storage Company, put up a
cannery and cold-storage plant at Taku Harbor, in southeast Alaska,
in 1901, though it did not operate the cold-storage portion until 1902.
This is the only plant which has operated in Alaska, although the
New England Fish Company erected in 1909 a large plant at Ketchi¬
kan for the freezing of halibut primarily, but will probably freeze
salmon also.
The freezing of salmon is almost invariably carried on in connec¬
tion with other methods of handling and preserving, and the purpose
is usualty to secure the fish when numerous and cheap, freeze them,
and then hold them until the runs are over and the fish are once
more in good demand at high prices. The business proved so profit¬
able, however, that the dealers began to look for wider markets for
their product. Europe, more especially Germany, was prospected
and a profitable market soon delevoped, with the result that to-daj'
frozen Pacific salmon can be secured in nearly every town of any
size in western Europe, while large quantities are marketed all over
our own country.
There are four important features in packing and using frozen
salmon: (1) To get fresh fish; (2) to keep them cold (about 15°
above zero) after they are frozen; (3) to keep a coat of ice on them,
and (4) to allow them to thaw slowly in cold water before cooking.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 65
In selecting salmon for freezing only the finest and freshest of
each species are used. The current belief that freezing destroys the
flavor of the fish is erroneous, the flavor depending entirely upon the
condition before freezing, and the quicker they are frozen after
being caught the better will the natural flavor of the fish be pre¬
served. Frozen salmon are just as wholesome as fresh, and their
chemical constituents are almost identical. The danger lies in the
temptation to freeze the fish after decomposition has set in, but,
fortunately, this is now very rarely practiced in the salmon industry.
The coho, or silver, and the chum, or dog, salmon are the choicest
of the salmons for freezing. The other species except the red, or
sockeye, which is too oily and rarely frozen, are also frozen in vary¬
ing quantities. The steelhead trout, which is ranked by the Pacific
coast dealers among the salmon, is considered the choicest fish of all
for freezing.
One of the most modern plants on the coast — that of the New
England Fish Company, at Ketchikan, Alaska — has four freezers,
each 25 feet b}^ 10 feet 6 inches, in which a temperature of from 25°
to 30° F. below zero can be maintained if desired, although a tempera¬
ture of more than 10° below zero is rarely ever required. All freezing
is by direct expansion and each freezer is piped with about 2 feet of
lf-inch pipe per cubic foot of freezing space. The bunkers in the
freezers are in pairs, each nine pipes wide, spaced 10 inches apart.
This leaves a 3-|--foot passage through the center of each freezer
opposite the 3^ by 6-1 foot swing doors. The salmon are laid on
pans, which are placed on the tiers of pipes.
After freezing, the salmon are passed through openings in the
rear of the freezers into the glazing room, which has a temperature
of about 20°F., where they are dipped into water, and when removed
are covered with a thin glaze of ice, which may be thickened by re¬
peated dippings. This is an extra precaution to exclude the air
from the fish.
After being thoroughly frozen and glazed, each fish is covered
first with a parchment, like rolls of butter, and then with a piece of
heavy brown paper. They are then packed in boxes holding about
250 pounds each, placed in the cold-storage cars and shipped.
MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS.
A few years ago a company on the Columbia River put up what
was known as “fish pudding.” In preparing this the salmon was
ground fine, mixed with milk and eggs, and then packed in tin cans.
The preparation was soon abandoned.
In 1903 one of the Point Roberts canneries packed a new product
which was called “salmon paste.” For this the fish was ground up,
66
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
cooked, seasoned with spices, etc., and made into fish balls, a very
palatable dish when warmed over.
In 1905 a Seattle concern began the manufacture of wienerwurst
sausages from halibut and salmon.
The Indians in the Bristol Bay region of Alaska occasionally
dress the skins of salmon and make of them leather for the tops of
boots, also bags and other small articles.
Every year immense quantities of salmon roe are thrown away
in the fisheries of the west coast, though there is but little doubt
that, if properly prepared, a market could be found for this now
waste part of the fish. In France there is a good market for a
product known as “rogue,” which is the spawn of cod, haddock,
hake, and pollock salted in casks, and which is used as bait in the
sardine fisheries. Salmon spawn is the choicest and most successful
bait used on this coast, and if properly prepared would undoubtedly
answer the purpose as well, if not better, owing to its oiliness and
attractive color, than the regular “ rogue.” The roes should be
soaked for some days in old brine and then packed in strong casks
holding about 25 gallons each. It might also prove to be a good bait
for tolling mackerel on the Atlantic coast.
In 1910 a considerable quantity of salmon roe was prepared in
Siberia and sold in competition with caviar, which is prepared from
sturgeon eggs. The product met with favor in Europe and several
Alaska firms are preparing to put it up in 1912. It should be pre¬
pared in the same manner as caviar.
Several establishments are putting up these eggs in jars and her¬
metically sealed cans for use as bait in sport fishing.
A product which was first made in Norway is prepared by means
of an invention which quickly dries and pulverizes the flesh of
fresh fish. The resulting powder, called “ fish flour,” is easy to
transport from one place to another and has great nutritive value.
It is probable that the tailpieces of the fish, which are at present
thrown away, and the cheaper grades of salmon might be prepared
in this way and thus furnish another market for salmon.
OIL AND FERTILIZER.
As early as 1888 there was a small plant at Astoria, Oreg., where
the refuse of the canneries was utilized for the manufacture of oil and
fertilizer. In that year 8,000 gallons of oil (chiefly from salmon
heads), and 90 tons of fertilizer were prepared. The oil was worth
22^ cents per gallon and the fertilizer had a market value of $20
per ton. Most of the refuse was dumped into the river, however.
In 1898 a similar plant was established in the Puget Sound district
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
67
of Washington, but for some reason the industry has languished
almost from the start.
In 1882 the Alaska Oil & Guano Company established a fertilizer
plant at Killisnoo, Alaska, for the extraction of oil and fertilizer
from herring, and has operated the plant continuously ever since. In
some years large quantities of whole salmon have been handled at this
plant, and the resulting product was found to sell as well as that
from herring.
Probably the most serious evil in the salmon industry to-day is the
enormous wastage which annually occurs. About one- fourth of the
total weight of each fish handled at the various packing plants is
thrown away. With the exception of the tailpiece, which is dis¬
carded at most canneries owing to the excessive amount of bone
which would be in the product if canned, this waste material could
not be utilized as food, comprising as it does the head, viscera, fins,
and tail. When not conveniently near the very few fertilizer plants
at present in operation this product is either allowed to pass through
chutes into the water under the cannery, or is dumped into scows
and towed to the ocean or the deeper waters of the sounds, and here
thrown overboard. This procedure, not only exceedingly wasteful,
is also far from beneficial to the waters where deposited.
The great desideratum in the salmon fisheries of the Pacific coast
at the present time is the invention of a small odorless-fertilizer
plant, costing not more than $2,500 or $3,000, which can be installed
at the various salmon canneries and salteries. The offal from the
cannery could there be utilized and the product obtained would
doubtless net a fair return on such an investment, while at the same
time the present (in the aggregate) enormous waste would be stopped,
and the waters adjacent to the canneries rendered far more agreeable
to the fishes as well as to the people on shore. It is absolutely essen¬
tial that the plant shall be odorless, as the smell of the ordinary fer¬
tilizer establishment would be very offensive to persons visiting the
cannery and would not enhance the demand for camied salmon. At
the present time the cheapest plant available costs about $10,000, and
very few canneries can afford to invest this sum of money in the dis¬
posal of their own offal alone.
VII. STATISTICS OF THE PACIFIC SALMON INDUSTRY IN 1909.
This is the first report in which detailed statistics of the salmon
fisheries of Washington, Oregon, California, and Alaska have been
shown for the same year. Partial statistics of British Columbia and
Yukon Territory of the Dominion of Canada are also included.
PERSONS EMPLOYED.
The large army of 28,945 men, women, and children were employed
in the salmon fisheries of Alaska and the three coast States. Alaska
leads with 11,433, followed by Washington, Oregon, and California
in the order named. Over two-thirds of the grand total is made up
of whites. The Chinese and Japanese have almost the same number,
while 2,803 Indians were employed.
Persons Engaged in the Salmon Fisheries of the Pacific Coast States and
Alaska in 1909.
Occupation and race.
Alaska.
Washing¬
ton.
Oregon.
Califor¬
nia.
Total.
Fishermen:
2,486
4,426
221
4,179
2,114
13, 205
1,397
1, 176
15
15
13
168
181
3, 675
4, 647
4,179
2,297
14, 798
Shoresmen:
1,911
2, 091
404
276
4, 682
1,376
1, 246
115
15
l’ 992
1,270
411
3, 673
3, 499
2, 136
1, 102
256
5
7, 285
4, 578
1,071
296
13,230
Transporters:
443
292
70
82
887
30
30
473
292
70
82
917
Total:
4,840
2,452
6,809
336
1,270
1,102
4,653
2,472
15
15
173
18, 774
2,803
3, 688
1,992
411
2,149
256
3,680
11,433
9,517
5,320
2,675
28,945
INVESTMENT.
The total investment in the salmon fisheries was $25,157,813, of
which Alaska furnishes more than one-half. Gill nets are the princi¬
pal form of apparatus in use, followed by stationary traps, or pounds,
diver nets, haul seines, purse seines, etc.
68
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
69
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries of the Pacific Coast States and Alaska
in 1909.
Items.
Alaska.
W ashington.
Oregon.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
133
5,891
$1,067,944
93
1,158
$440,500
30
288
$119, 900
266,986
1,085, 400
135, 625
25, 350
43
59, 761
108,540
24, 840
30,000
211,671
171,005
90, 555
27, 188
27, 731
111,756
17
60
1,821
310
43
98
94
1,209
5
464
2,244
398
62
101
246
1,620
1,624
48
525
1
9
13
3
3, 950
472,650
128,945
168, 673
124,350
44, 150
28, 955
168, 831
37, 259
10,160
1,324,968
2,000
4.500
76,000
8. 500
15
287
1,890
114
2
28,900
139, 600
224, 545
45,050
1,800
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
48
2,818
1, 122
418
21
16, 280
523,331
27, 614
22,375
25, 750
73
15
130, 794
21,250
26
9
313,000
22,000
20
30
523
261
|
5,601,259
4,970,799
1,730,030
1,424,500
1,554,780
551,500
....
13,948, 271
6,334,807
3, 641, 775
Items.
California.
Total.
Number.
Value.
Number.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
4
56
$37, 748
260
7,393
$1,666,092
3,920
431,881
1,085,400
43
59, 761
108, 540
120,990
733,300
693, 406
398, 653
216, 705
71,338
78,616
971,488
64, 873
32, 535
1,481,512
23,250
4,500
389,000
30,500
30
1,933
10
9,383,462
7, 169, 799
41
171
1,158
50
63, 300
91,050
128, 245
13,925
78
982
7,113
872
107
a 199
b 435
c 6, 733
d 2, 746
«466
619
16
9
39
12
20
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
47
1,086
5, 650
167, 570
Wheels, stationary .
1,149
10
497, 393
223,000
Shore and accessory property .
1,232,960
25,157,813
a Aggregate length of 104,570 yards.
b Aggregate length of 111,558 yards,
c Aggregate length of 2,356,847 yards.
d Aggregate length of 151,655 yards,
e Aggregate length of 65,800 yards.
70
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
PRODUCTS,
The total products amount to 365,336,482 pounds, which returned
the fishermen $7,224,024. Bluebacks, sockeyes, or red salmon were
most numerous in Alaska and Washington, chinooks in California,
coho or silver, dog or chum, and steelhead trout in Washington, while
humpbacks were taken commercially in Alaska and Washington
alone, being especially numerous in Alaska.
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska and the Pacific Coast States
in 1909.
Species.
Alaska.
Washington.
Oregon.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Blueback,sockeye or red .
Chinook, king or spring .
Coho, silver or white .
Dog or chum .
Humpback or pink .
Steelhead trout .
Total .
116,014,486
8,959,544
3,526,404
9,456,048
37,965,928
11,650
$1,029,079
151,984
41,233
15,583
95,065
400
77,280,989
11,016,476
21,328,466
25,520,426
17,495,586
2,427,251
$2,835,666
604, 906
554, 157
164,300
46, 187
130,486
844,324
13,952, 814
5,184,520
699,348
1,510,285
$34,703
736,456
127,204
3,818
66, 802
175,934,060
1,333,344
155,069,194
4,335,702
22,191,291
968,983
Species.
California.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Blueback, sockeye or red .
Chinook, king or spring .
Coho, silver or white .
21,000
11,962,248
145,500
4,200
$689
580,094
4,575
84
194, 160, 799
45,891,082
30,184,890
35,680,022
55,461,514
3,958,175
$3,900, 137
2,073,440
727, 169
183, 785
141,252
198,241
Humpback or pink .
8,989
553
12,141,937
585, 995
365,336, 482
7,224,024
Note. — In addition to the above, British Columbia produced 89,852,089 pounds, which returned the
fishermen 81,832,573, and the Yukon Territory (Yukon River), 80,565 pounds, which returned the white
fishermen $10, 209.
PRODUCTS CANNED.
In order to show the total pack of the Pacific coast of the North
American Continent, the pack of British Columbia has been included.
The total pack reduced to a common basis of forty-eight 1-pound cans
amounted to 5,392,306^ cases, valued at $25,518,669. Alaska leads
m the total pack, with Washington second. Alaska also leads in the
pack of sockeyes, humpbacks, and chums. Washington leads in the
pack of cohoes and Oregon in the pack of chinooks and steelhead
trout.
' SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 71
Salmon Canned in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and
California in 1909.
Products.
Alaska.
British Columbia.
Washington.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Chinook, king, or spring:
360
1,214
$1,440
7,314
23,550
40,730
606
$98, 780
268,849
4,242
176
17,613
516
94,110
48,034
$207,624
21,426
116,593
444
2,886
1,110
10, 212
Total .
48,034
207,624
19,807
106, 266
87,422
498, 676
Coho, silver, or silverside:
2, 132
5,911
61,520
5,969
28,373
258,400
34,292
28, 885
137,008
427
94, 417
134,755
570.030
2,562
1,206
55,350
5,543
225,486
56,556
231,029
69,563
292, 742
200,612
801,764
Chum, or dog:
1,300
219
83,664
1,950
591
197,932
120, 712
274, 110
16,573
39,775
120,712
274,110
16,573
39,775
85, 183
200,473
Humpback, or pink:
2,267
27, 722
6,234
66, 581
2,030
368,963
5,585
896, 757
464-, 873
1,114,839
464,873
1,114,839
29, 989
72,815
370,993
902,342
Sockeye, blueback, or red:
i-pound flat .
16,385
85, 193
63,888
236,609
483,760
314, 706
12,880
277,893
17, 650
406
8,312
1,935,040
1,888,236
42,504
1,500,623
75,013
2, 639
49, 872
229,502
456, 712
927,967
2,746,667
J-pound tall .
1-pound tall .
1,611,916
7,310,053
487,479
2,558,993
i-pound oval .
1-pound oval .
1-pound squats .
Total .
1,713,494
7,610,550
1,115,607
5,493,927
1,173,693
6,233,627
Steelhead trout:
i-pound flat .
945
3,794
3,897
2,937
19,422
22,602
1-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
8,636
44,961
Grand total .
2,403,669
9,438, 152
1,251,539
' 6,005,525
1,926,539
8,681,843
72 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Salmon Canned in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and
California in 1909 — Continued.
Products.
Oregon.
California.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Chinook, king, or spring:
69,557
54,591
$289,534
396,809
93,467
102, 198
606
176
110, 130
534
2,402
458
$389,754
701,287
4,242
516
567, 142
2,670
21,340
1,833
5,663
$28,315
23,057
534
848
45S
148,815
2,670
8,242
1,833
149,045
847,903
5,663
28,315
309,971
1,688,784
Coho, silver, or silverside:
20,331
11,755
39,326
315
56,928
51,702
157,886
945
56,755
47,757
293,204
742
157,314
220,373
1,211,802
3,507
71,727
267,461
398,458
1,592,996
Chum, or dog:
1,300
219
230, 174
1,950
591
533,035
9,225
21,218
9,225
21,218
231,693
535,576
Humpback, or pink:
4,297
861,613
11.819
2,078,309
55
132
55
132
865,910
2,090,128
Sockeye, hlueback, or red:
32,071
6,645
133, 095
39,870
761,718
863,256
12,880
2,377,338
17,650
406
8,312
3,059,990
4,911,382
42,504
11,369,989
75,013
2,639
49,872
50
320
1-pound oval .
Total .
38,766
173,285
4,041,560
19,511,389
Steelhead trout:
7,064
1,365
4,320
22,084
7,695
25,056
8,009
5,159
8,217
25,021
27,117
47,658
Total .
12, 749
54,835
21,385
99,796
281,567
1,364,834
5,663
28,315
“5,868,977
25,518,669
“ All 1-pound cases contain forty-eight 1-pound cans; the 1-pound cases contain forty-eight 1-pound cans.
Reduced to a common basis of cases containing forty-eight 1-pound cans, the aggregate pack amounts to
5,392,306£ cases.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
73
MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS.
The total miscellaneous secondary products prepared amounted to
29,808,129 pounds, valued at $2,096,030. Of these the largest quan¬
tity and value is represented in the mild-cured pack. The pickled
pack is second in quantity but is exceeded in value by the frozen pack.
Alaska leads Washington very slightly in the quantity of products
prepared, but both are exceeded in value of products by Oregon.
Miscellaneous Secondary Products Prepared in Alaska and the Pacific
Coast States in 1909.
Products.
Alaska.
Washington.
Oregon.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Frozen:
74,183
528,477
1,364,672
62, 945
504, 165
$7,418
30, 149
67, 161
1,888
46,615
14,000
216, 175
$1,400
13,868
35, 721
77! 882
$1,072
1,558
Dog, or chum .
9,450
473
1,446,685
144,658
123,053
3,103
2,534,442
153,231
1,676,860
159,926
Mild-cured:
1,833,600
149, 300
2,292,800
273,826
4,365,442
434,825
Pickled:
88,200
7,000
63,600
227,750
7,000
311,400
11,200
169, 480
5,301,500
783,600
3,798
175
2,485
3,843
190
9,405
224
7,396
167, 298
13, 902
1,000
6,750
540
671
400
24
Chinook bellies _ * .
Coho, silver, or silverside .
2,600
130
Coho bellies. .
■ Dog, or chum .
50,000
1,615,000
175
48,450
Humpback, or pink .
Humpback backs .
Humpback bellies .
172, 400
8,620
Sockeye, blueback, or red .
Sockeye bellies .
6,970,730
208,716
1,845,150
58, 456
3,000
154
Dry-salted and dried:
' Chinook, king, or spring .
800
14.500
71,600
51.500
83,000
45
549
1,038
545
2, 302
Coho, silver, or silverside, backs. .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback backs .
Sockeye, blueback, or red, backs.
Total .
221,400
4,479
Smoked:
Chinook, king, or spring .
30, 165
190,500
30,000
2,413
16,050
1,800
127,700
19, 155
Chinook^ white-nieated, kip¬
pered .
Coho, silver, or silverside .
20,000
2,000
Coho backs. .
4,000
585
400
43
Dog, or chum .
517, 245
5,000
100,000
25,862
500
5,000
Dog, kippered .
Humpback backs, kippered .
Sockeye, blueback, or red, backs.
40,300
2,780
44,885
3,223
872,910
51,625
147,700
21,155
Fertilizer .
159, 224
120, 113
2,287
3,216
1,210,000
380,648
18,610
14,161
on .
Grand total .
9,473,005
374,324
9, 135,950
569,909
6,193,002
616,060
74 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Miscellaneous Secondary Products Prepared in Alaska and the Pacific
Coast States in 1909 — Continued.
Products.
California.
Pounds. Value.
Total.
Pounds. Value
Frozen:
Chinook, king, or spring..
Coho, silver, or silverside.
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink .
Steelhead trout .
88,183
780,373
1,442,554
62,945
1,960,300
Total.
4,334,355
Mild-cured:
Chinook, king, or spring...
Pickled:
Chinook, king, or spring...
Chinook bellies .
Coho, silver, or silverside. .
Coho bellies .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink .
Humpback backs .
Humpback bellies .
Sockeye, blueback, or red.
Sockeye bellies .
4,887,962
$520,468
89, 600
13,750
66, 200
227,750
57,000
1,926,400
11,200
341,880
5,301,500
783,600
Total.
8,818,1
Dry-salted and dried:
Chinook, king, or spring .
Coho, silver, or silverside backs...
Dog, or chum .
Humpback backs .
Sockeye, blueback, or red, backs.
Total .
800
14.500
71,600
51.500
83,000
221,400
Smoked:
Chinook, king, or spring . .
Chinook, white-meated, kippered.
Coho, silver or silverside . .
Coho backs . .
Dog, or chum . .
Dog, kippered . .
Humpback backs, kippered . .
Sockeye, blueback, or red, backs. .
110,550
7,660
14,643
626
Total.
118,210
15,269
Fertilizer.
Oil . .
Grand total.
5,006, 172
535, 737
268,415
190,500
57,660
4,000
517,830
5,000
100,000
40,300
1,183,705
1,369,224
a 500, 761
29,808,129
$8,818
45,089
68,719
1,888
191,746
316, 260
13,379,804 I 1,378,419
4,362
846
2,615
3,843
365
57,855
224
16,016
167, 298
13,902
267,326
45
549
1,038
545
2,302
4,479
36, 211
16,050
4,426
400
25,905
500
5,000
2, 780
91,272
20,897
17,377
2,096,030
a Represents 66,728 gallons.
WASHINGTON.
Owing to the quadrennially heavy run of sockeye salmon and the
biennial run of humpback salmon into Puget Sound occurring in
1909, the catch of both species of salmon was very heavy. The purse
seiners made exceptionally heavy catches of sockeye salmon, while
the traps had so many humpbacks in them that the greater part were
turned out, it being impossible to find a market for them. In many
places people were allowed to take away with them, free of charge,
as many humpbacks as they wished.
In Grays Harbor the run of salmon was fairly good. On the
Quiniault River the Indians made very successful catches. Early in
the season a meeting of the tribe was held, and it was decided that a
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
75
50-foot runway in the center of the stream should be kept clear of
nets so as to allow the fish an opportunity to reach the spawning beds
in the lake.
In Willapa Harbor the run was fair.
On the Columbia River the catch was not as large as in 1908, which
was due partly to the shortening of the open fishing season.
STATISTICS BY COUNTIES.
Persons employed. — The total number of persons employed was
9,517, of which the large majority were whites.
Persons Employed in the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Counties and
Nationalities, in 1909.
Counties.
Fishermen.
Shoresmen.
Whites.
Indians.
Total.
Whites.
Chinese.
Japanese.
Indians.
Total.
643
643
1,056
631
488
55
2,230
193
12
205
42
40
40
122
303
303
569
290
414
40
1,313
273
273
2
2
284
284
6
6
527
527
55
55
276
276
12
12
50
50
67
67
241
241
56
176
232
63
20
12
95
68
68
163
70
50
20
303
112
33
145
16
45
15
76
616
616
18
40
20
78
533
533
80
134
63
277
61
61
6
6
13
13
82
82
2
2
28
28
1
1
Total .
4,426
221
4,647
2,091
1,270
1,102
115
4,578
Counties.
Trans¬
porters.
Total employed.
Grand
total.
Whites.
Whites.
Chinese.
Japanese.
Indians.
Whatcom .
129
1,828
631
488
55
3,002
San Juan .
9
244
40
40
12
336
Skagit .
75
947
290
414
40
1,691
275
275
290
290
19
601
601
2
290
290
50
50
67
•
67
241
241
Clallam .
6
125
20
12
176
333
Jeflerson .
12
243
70
50
20
383
Chehalis .
3
131
45
15
33
224
11
645
40
20
705
25
638
134
63
835
1
68
68
13
13
84
84
29
29
Total .
292
6,809
1,270
1,102
336
9,517
76
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
Investment, apparatus, etc. — The total investment in the fisheries
amounted to $6,334,807. Whatcom County has the largest invest¬
ment, nearly one-third of the total.
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Counties, in 1909.
Items.
Whatcom.
San Juan.
Skagit.
Island.
Snohomish.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
36
.$192,500
3
$15,500
18
$108,900
517
48
293
60,500
4,600
32, 400
Fishing boats, power. . . .
40
59,850
8
21,250
43
37, 250
22
$13,900
26
$16,400
Fishing boats, sail and
row .
247
8,210
73
3, 190
207
7,410
85
3, 210
203
6, 380
Scows and house boats. .
188
101,350
47
15,833
31
9,150
63
18,200
17
3,800
13
61,000
5
23, 600
2
9,000
Apparatus, shore fish-
eries:
Purse seines .
9
3,900
7
2, 550
4
1,500
1
500
4
1,000
9
1, 100
17
1.285
27
2,010
20
3,005
Gill nets, drift .
71
12, 250
3
225
338
26; 270
1
300
130
1,036
Gill nets, set .
96
6,200
18
310
336
5,700
1
10
537
6,317
Trap nets, stationary
72
372, 540
23
116, 178
12
46,500
29
176, 500
8
35, 000
2
1,000
7
3,500
15
Shore and accessory
600,003
37, 350
382,044
5,250
6,245
679,000
45,000
309,000
2, 159, 403
289, 086
967, 409
228, 880
79, 198
King.
Pierce.
Thurston.
Mason.
Kitsap.
Items.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
7
$23,300
1
$2, 500
56
5
11, 400
800
i
200
Fishing boats, power. . . .
Fishing boats, sail and
60
107,900
23
60,200
. 1
$2,500
4
$3,800
26
$36,900
234
7,350
88
3,300
27
880
29
1,310
85
3,055
850
6
1
2,000
Apparatus, shore fish-
eries:
37
18, 500
4,650
8,760
820
22
8, 500
2
1,000
600
1
500
12
5, 700
2,930
1,950
52
25
1,950
8
13
1,025
36
Gill nets, drift .
193
73
1,900
4
100
1
300
7
82
143
3,600
16
400
22
600
8
88
Trap nets, stationary
4
13,500
Shore and accessory
850
166, 800
60,000
15,375
5,000
200
300
409,480
103,325
5,680
7,835
67, 823
77
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Counties, in
1909 — Continued.
Transporting vessels:
Power vessels .
Tonnage .
Outfit .
Power boats .
Fishing boats, power. . .
Fishing boats, sail and
row .
Scows and house boats.
Pile drivers .
Apparatus, shore fish¬
eries:
Purse seines .
Haul seines .
Gill nets, drift .
Gill nets, set .
Trap nets, stationary
Trap nets, floating. .
Lines, trolling .
Shore and accessory
property .
Cash capital .
Total.
Clallam.
Num¬
ber.
212
2
Value.
$12,000
4,000
1,500
1,000
9,580
1,000
900
700
100
246
20,325
20,000
71,951
Jefferson.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
$29,000
"6,'ioo"
2,200
940
5,050
5,000
800
340
430
8,000
2,000
60, 345
50, 000
170, 205
Chehalis.
Num¬
ber
115
1
3
100
189
15
Value.
$3,000
""566'
2,500
8, 350
400
450
8,000
9,724
3,400
36,753
20,000
93, 077
Pacific.
Num¬
ber.
$16,700
317
9
37
2
2
207
46
280
Value.
4,315
1,800
46,800
22, 820
3,300
23, 300
500
350
36, 000
1,340
506,400
59, 625
38, 000
761, 250
Wahkiakum.
Num¬
ber.
13
101
191
16
11
417
33
52
Value.
$36, 100
10, 660
450
43,500
38, 735
8,990
5,500
70, 700
615
36,800
310, 455
190, 500
Cowlitz.
Clarke.
Skamania.
Klickitat.
Total.
Items.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
1
$1,000
93
$440, 500
5
1, 158
350
135,625
5
3,950
Fishing boats, power. . . .
Fishing boats, sail and
28
29
11,700
1,200
1
12
$400
360
10
$4,000
1,945
464
472,650
128, 945
46
15
$720
2,244
2
750
398
168,673
62
124,350
Apparatus, shore fish¬
eries:
a 101
44,150
1
150
4
1,500
2
1,200
b 246
28, 955
G ,620
168,831
18
350
12
180
32
455
2
20
d 1,624
37,259
29
5,300
8, 400
6
1,210
13
3,650
750
«48
10, 160
Trap nets, stationary
21
3
4
1,000
525
1,324,968
1
2,000
9
4,500
10
44,000
3
32,000
13
76,000
8,500
2
7,000
1
1,500
3
261
Shore and accessory
21,800
10
5,075
1,225
1,730,030
8,000
1,424,500
58, 250
2, 160
69, 125
37,665
6,334,807
a Aggregate length of 68,900 yards.
b Aggregate length of 44,824 yards.
c Aggregate length of 429,115 yards.
d Aggregate length of 92,030 yards.
e Aggregate length of 19,200 yards.
78
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
Products. — The total catch amounted to 155,069,194 pounds, valued
at 84,335,702. Whatcom County leads in the catch. Sockeye sal¬
mon constitute about one-half of the total catch.
Products op the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Apparatus, Species,
and Counties, in 1909.
Apparatus and species.
Whatcom.
San Juan.
Skagit.
Island.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
PURSE SEINES.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
37,568
346,000
496,000
$1,514
8,880
2,480
24,094
280,008
280,000
175,000
973,000
$840
7,000
1,400
350
35,000
12,000
200, 000
160,000
30,000
650,000
2,000
$540
5,000
800
300
26,000
100
2,000
42,000
112,000
$100
1,050
560
Sockeye. orblueback. . .
1,146,000
43,600
140,000
8C0
5,666
40
Total .
HAUL SEINES.
2,025,568
56, 474
1,732, 102
44,590
1,054,000
32, 740
296,800
7,416
154,400
110,000
590,000
20,000
2,428
7,060
2,750
2,950
50
121
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink. . . .
21,000
39,000
14,000
7,000
630
195
35
350
560,000
1,280,000
16,800
7,710
Total .
GILL NETS.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
81,000
1,210
876,828
12,931
1,840,000
24,510
22,332
1,122,000
70,000
967
29,200
350
47,300
79,200
4,800
1,880
1,980
24
617,362
662,376
673,838
17,800
384,750
124,200
25,753
20,873
3,573
221
12, 510
8,004
1,500
3,000
45
30
Sockeye, or blueback...
1,328,450
51,158
44,500
1,780
30,000
i,200
Total .
REEF NETS.
2,542, 782
81,675
175,800
5,664
2,480,326
70,934
34,500
1,275
5,000
27,000
6,000
75,000
250
810
50
3,000
40,000
109,000
90,000
290,000
2,000
3,270
450
ll,6l?D
Sockeye, or blueback. . .
113,000
4,110
529,000
17,320
TRAP NETS.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink. . . .
Sockeye, or blueback.. .
Steelhead trout .
Total .
TOTAL.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink. . . .
Blueback, or sockeye. . .
Steelhead trout .
Grand total ......
1,378,391
3,387,624
570,412
8, 440, 850
41,032,910
66, 229
73,940
2,852
21,102
1,558,804
574,072
718, 124
229, 408
4,205,320
7,665,005
272
25,697
17,967
1,148
11,585
187,312
13
354,929
482,116
1,227,536
1,613,188
2,881,185
4,000
18,270
12/271
6,457
4,179
108,398
260
1,272,680
1,615,314
857,760
2,381,428
4, 574, 145
45,310
111,735
42,876
4,789
5,954
168, 468
2,266
54,810,187
1,722,927
13,392,201
243,722
6,562,954
149,835
10/746, 637
336,088
1,443,291
4,903,624
1,181,412
8,454,850
43,582,360
7,000
68,960
113,460
5,927
21,137
1,656,562
350
685, 466
1,186,332
604,208
4,380,320
8, 972, 505
272
30,417
30,217
3,022
11,935
235,692
13
1,138,691
1,454,492
2,651,374
1,680,988
3,915,935
132,628
51,623
40,894
13,780
4,750
146,908
8,485
1,274,680
,2,218,814
2,252, 760
2,381,428
4, 744,145
46, 110
111,835
60,771
13, 089
5,954
175,334
2,306
59,572,537
1,866,396
15,829,103
311,296
10,974,108
266, 440
12,917,937
369,289
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
79
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Apparatus, Species,
and Counties, in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Snohomish.
King.
Pierce.
Thurston.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
PURSE SEINES.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Sockeye, or blueback .
Steelhead trout .
Total .
HAUL SEINES.
8,000
159,998
350,000
800,000
$400
4,400
1,700
28,800
766,000
1,640,000
7,050,000
14, 100
$21,175
14, 500
282,000
987
82,285
513,340
2,482,000
4,394,995
10,400
$4, 400
13,833
12,410
158,220
520
1,250
54,396
570,000
125,000
400
$50
1,510
3,600
5,000
20
1,317,998
35,300
9,470, 100
318,662
7,483,020
189,383
751,046
10, 180
65,500
364,000
808,000
4,585
11,000
10, 100
18,743
462,000
1,293,000
1,312
13,000
8, 750
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
155,250
399,000
202,000
3,125
1,995
503
60,000
340,000
2,000
6,800
Total .
GILL NETS.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
756,250
5,623
1,237,500
25, 685
1,773,743
23,062
400,000
8,800
337,900
438,256
101,380
12, 164
16,480
731
49,500
555,000
70, 400
42,000
335,500
205,000
3,960
18,500
440
525
13, 420
12,300
30,000
246,000
32,000
2,400
10,250
200
90,000
48,000
3,000
240
Steelhead trout .
Total .
TRAP NETS.
142,243
9,293
100,000
10,000
30,000
1,500
1,019,779
38,668
1,257,400
49, 145
408,000
22,850
168,000
4,740
385, 150
908,764
813,200
354,000
27,000
16,716
23,167
4,066
1,383
1,350
2,488,114
46,682
LINES.
_
281,250
7,500
TOTAL.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
731,050
1,943,518
1,663,580
556,000
800,000
169,243
29,280
54, 672
8,492
1,886
28,800
10,643
115,000
1,685,000
2,518,400
42,000
7,3S5, 500
219, 100
8,545
50,675
25,040
525
295, 420
13,287
131,028
1,221,340
3,807,000
8,112
37,083
21,360
1,250
204,396
958,000
50
6,510
10,640
Blueback, or sockeye .
Steelhead trout. . .’. .
Grand total .
4,394,995
110,400
158,220
10,520
125,000
30,400
5,000
1,520
5,863,391
133,773
11,965,000
393,492 9,604,763
235.295 1,319,046
23,720
59395°— 11 - 32
80 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Apparatus, Species,
and Counties, in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Mason.
Kitsap.
Clallam.
Jefferson.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
PURSE SEINES.
40,000
613,990
2,540,000
2,045,000
4,900
$2,000
15,350
13,700
81,800
245
108,000
400,000
100,000
600
$2,700
2,000
4,000
42
608,600
8,742
5,243,890
113,095
HAUL SEINES.
12,000
378,000
1,129,000
600
9,990
8,970
31,000
110,000
39,000
$1,550
3,300
330
21,000
122,000
227,600
. 8,000
5,200
$1,050
3,760
2,488
400
260
437,998
756,000
11,480
4,370
3,000
210
17,080
854
14,200
710
1,196,998
16,060
1,536,080
20,414
194,200
5,890
383,800
7,958
GILL NETS.
75,000
60,515
30,000
3,750
1,578
150
17,000
74,000
48,000
24,500
7,000
970
2,220
240
980
350
40,000
81,000
25,000
4,000
1,200
640
1,000
240
18,000
33,000
154,000
2,300
490
395
•6, 140
115
33,055
i,653
150,000
3,080
207,300
7,140
198,570
7,131
170, 500
4,760
TRAP NETS.
106,225
504,074
1,333,704
5,305
13,020
6,669
4,282
265,662
1,036,472
1,735
199
6,642
5,182
87
1,944,003
24,994
1,308,151
12,110
LINES.
110,880
571,284
4,000
4,800
17,649
20
686,164
22,469
TOTAL.
158,225
1,514.064
5, 035; 704
2,199,000
24,280
7,905
38,850
29,734
87,940
1,214
216,880
741,799
73,000
10,100
22,527
500
42,282
461,662
1,312,072
32,500
13,935
2,219
12,622
7,910
1,380
697
585,998
1,237,000
125,000
7,600
15,380
7,010
5,000
492
Steelhead trout. . . .
47,255
2,363
1,955,598
27,882
8,931,273
165,643
1,078,934
35,490
1,862,451
24,828
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
81
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Apparatus, Species,
and Counties, in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Chehalis.
Pacific.
Wahkiakum.
Cowlitz.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
purse seines.
8,919
2,184
1,090
4,742
$535
44
49
190
16,935
818
HAUL SEINES.
11,500
345
312.616
42Al7
19,722
112,221
$18,957
848
888
5,411
50,000
$3,000
12,000
28,000
600
1,400
11,500
345
486,976
26,104
90,000
5,000
GILL NETS.
571,586
641,858
306,256
638,000
118,000
§15,840
16,571
1,889
23,200
4,066
813,978
187,000
57,800
4,500
45,142
47,253
5,500
432
203
2,328
1,100,511
316,274
400,224
66,031
6,325
2,354
139,877
6,994
13,000
620
2,275,700
61,566
1,108,420
55,716
1,956,886
81,704
13,000
620
DrVEK NETS.
172,607
76,533
10,820
3,827
249,200
14,647
TRAP NETS.
49,000
165,000
36,000
1,113
3,875
225
1,208,963
620,461
725,652
113,195
431,615
67,996
9,649
8,996
5,093
21,779
31,669
458,571
634,384
492
9,172
3,490
69,690
203,000
65,600
303
4,290
410
32, 416
1,621
6,800
290
250,000
5,213
3,099,886
113,513
1,157,040
14,775
345,090
5,293
TOTAL.
620,586
806,858
342,256
638,000
118,000
16,953
20,446
2,114
23,200
4,066
2,043,360
809,645
783,452
118,785
481,499
116,129
15,193
9,428
5,345
24, 297
1,444,796
817,262
1,034,608
19, 722
284,514
85,480
16,345
5,844
888
14,026
292,357
203.000
65,600
12,000
124,333
14,123
4,290
410
600
6,137
2,525,700
66,779
4,236,741
170,392
3,600,902
122,583
697,290
25,560
82 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Apparatus, Species,
and Counties, in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Clarke.
Pounds. Value
Skamania.
Pounds. Value
Klickitat.
Pounds. Value
Total.
Pounds. Value.
PURSE SEINES.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum . .
Humpback, or pink..
Sockeye, or blueback.
Steelhead trout .
210,116
3,085,916
9,030,000
205,000
17,425,085
37,942
810,379
SO, 942
53,150
650
670,135
2,144
Total.
30,000,059
817,400
HAUL SEINES.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink..
Sockeye, or blueback.
Steelhead trout .
Total.
GILT. NETS.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink..
Sockeye, or blueback.
Steelhead trout .
3,000
8,015
9,700
Total.
20,715
niVER NETS.
Chinook, or king.
Coho, or silver. . .
Steelhead trout. .
14,000
3,000
Total.
17,000
BEEF NETS.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Sockeye, or blueback.
Total.
TRAP NETS.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink..
Sockeye, or blueback.
Steelhead trout .
Total .
WHEELS.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
Sockeye, or blueback.
Steelhead trout .
Total.
Chinook, or king.
Coho, or silver _
Dog, or chum....
180,000
812,600
24,000
18,000
1,200
900
222,000
14,700
8210
244
15,944
6,216
1,115
186
2,850
9,150
143
458
939
34,160
1,902
980
150
77,614
2,000
3,000
5,433
60
150
1,130
82,614
5,643
4,200
3,000
294
90
800
3,600
40
180
11,600
604
261,736
18,751
173,842
52,552
10,039
666
7,358
2,081
506,881
26,144
200,000
$6,000
300,480
15,024
856,759
3,022,665
6i 900, 600
236,000
63,722
507,609
51,059
84,683
54,658
588
3,088
25,240
500, 480
21,024
11,587,355
219,316
S00
1,000
600
36
3,702,213
4,547,210
1,959,898
59,800
2,972,050
983,267
2,400
116
14,224,238
182,343
134,672
11,688
746
111,734
58,442
499,625
264,281
2,000
82,533
17,233
60
4,127
348,814
21,420
45,000
136,000
96,000
365,000
2,250
4,080
500
14,600
642,000
21,430
14.600
17.600
1,022
528
2,250
6,600
128
366
5,453,851
9,349,310
7,530,128
16,994,786
56,269,490
559,348
315,371
217,487
44,284
44,203
2,028,243
28,212
41,050
2,044
90,156,913
2,677,800
105,040
314, 0S0
11,800
204,000
5,432
6,418
508
10,240
367,376
332,831
185,642
256,552
635,520
22,598
1,142,401
110,880
852,534
4,000
967,414
21,471
7,084
7,866
12,321
48,742
4,800
25,149
20
29,969
Total.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
83
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Apparatus, Species,
and Counties, in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Clarke.
Skamania.
Klickitat.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
TOTAL.
Chinook, or king .
Coho, or silver .
17,000
8,015
81,190
244
539, 494
29,907
$35,481
1,002
121,040
532,680
80,504
12,976
11,016,476
21,328,406
25,520,426
17,495,586
77,280,989
2,427,251
$604,906
554,157
164,300
46,187
2,835,666
130,486
Blueback. or sockeye .
Steelhead trout .
Grand total .
12,700
035
201,492
80,302
8,741
3,769
14,050
511,680
636
25,666
37,715
2,009
857,255
48,993
1,179,450
45,782
155,069,194
4,335,702
STATISTICS BY WATERS.
Persons employed. — Puget Sound leads in the number of persons
employed in all branches of the industry, followed by Columbia
River, Grays Harbor, and Willapa Harbor in the order named.
Persons Employed in the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Waters and
Nationalities, in 1909.
Occupation and race.
Puget
Sound.
Grays
Harbor.
Willapa
Harbor.
Columbia
River.
Total.
Fishermen:
Whites .
2,981
188
112
130
1,203
4,426
221
Indians .
33
3, 169
145
130
1,203
4,647
Shoresmen:
1,968
115
16
10
97
2,091
115
1,051
1,004
45
10
164
1,270
Japanese .
15
10
73
1,102
Total .
4, 138
76
30
334
4,578
Transporters:
Whites .
252
3
4
33
292
Total:
5,201
303
131
144
1,333
6,809
,336
1,270
Indians .
33
Chinese .
1,051
45
10
164
C004
15
10
73
i; 102
7,559
224
164
1,570
9,517
84
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Investment, apparatus, etc. — Puget Sound leads in the total invest¬
ment. The principal forms of apparatus used in the waters of
Washington are gill nets, haul and purse seines, traps, and wheels.
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries op Washington, by Waters, in 1909.
Puget Sound.
Grays Harbor.
Willapa Har¬
bor.
Columbia River.
Total.
Items.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
Power vessels .
72
$383,700
1
$3,000
2
$8,500
18
$45,300
93
$440,500
996
8
19
135
1,158
119,860
500
2, 190
13,075
135,625
3,950
2
1,700
3
2,250
98,600
5
Fishing boats, power. .
Fishing boats, sail and
260
363; 750
5
2,500
24
7,800
175
464
472,650
1,519
370
54,815
155,233
115
8,350
400
48
6,340
562
59,440
2,244
.398
128,945
168,673
Scows and house boats .
1
8
2,800
19
10; 240
22
100,600
3
450
2
1,800
35
21,500
62
124,350
Apparatus, shore fish-
eries:
a 99
43,650
20, 255
6 2
500
101
44,150
28,955
168,831
c 226
d2
350
«18
8,350
101,100
246
Gill nets, drift .
/ 896
54; 131
9 100
8,000
^80
5,600
*544
1,620
Gill nets, set .
71,292
24,575
k 189
9,724
2 12
360
ml31
2,600
1,624
37,259
10,160
n 48
10, 160
48
Trap nets, station-
150
768,218
2,000
15
3,400
35
16,400
325
536,950
525
1,324,968
2,000
4,500
76,000
Trap nets, floating.
Reef nets .
1
1
9
<500
9
Wheels, stationary
13
76,000
8,500
13
3
3
8; 500
261
261
Shore and accessory
propertv .
1.295,087
1,168,000
36,753
20,000
50,000
18,000
348, 190
1,730,030
1,424,500
218, 500
Total .
4,560,335
93,077
120, 140
1,561,255
6,334,807
a Aggregate length of 68,100 yards.
b Aggregate length of 800 yards.
« Aggregate length of 35,841 yards.
d Aggregate length of 300 yards.
e Aggregate length of 8,683 yards.
/ Aggregate length of 112,915 yards.
9 Aggregate length of 20,000 yards.
k Aggregate length of 28,000 yards.
*' Aggregate length of 268,200 yards.
i Aggregate length of 57,980 yards.
k Aggregate length of 27,960 yards.
I Aggregate length of 720 yards.
m Aggregate length of 5,370 yards.
n Aggregate length of 19,200 yards.
Products. — The total catch amounted to 155,069,194 pounds,
valued at $4,335,702, of which Puget Sound produced 141,934,141
pounds, valued at $3,853,544. Trap nets were the most effective.
No humpbacks were taken commercially elsewhere than in Puget
Sound, while no sockeyes or bluebacks were taken commercially in
Willapa Harbor.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
85
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Washington, by Apparatus, Species,
and Waters, in 1909.
Apparatus and species.
Puget Sound.
Grays Harbor.
Willapa Harbor.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
PURSE SEINES.
207, 197
3,083,732
9,030,000
205,000
17,423,995
33,200
$9,844
80,898
53, 150
650
670,086
1,954
29,983,124
816,582
HAUL SEINES.
302, 643
2,780,248
6,900,600
236,000
8,000
48,908
16, 157
77,835
54,658
588
400
2,505
11,500
$345
10, 276, 399
152, 143
11,500
345
GILL NETS.
1,196,394
3,386,847
1, 195,418
59, 800
2,326,700
647, 798
51,844
105,816
7,013
746
88, 188
43, 455
571,586
641,858
306,256
$15, 840
16,571
1,889
40,000
22,000
9, 800
1,200
2,200
162
638,000
118,000
23,200
4,066
16,000
800
8,812,957
297,062
2, 275,700
61,566
87,800
4,362
REEF nets.
45,000
136,000
96,000
365, 000
2,250
4,080
500
14,600
642,000
21,430
TRAP NETS.
4,075,729
7,881,678
6,068,492
16,994, 786
56, 153, 245
78,317
244, 151
189, 883
31,163
44,203
2,022, 982
3, 976
49,000
165,000
36,000
1,113
3,875
225
187,799
262, 271
643,332
6,890
2,485
8,482
Sockeye, or blueback .
Steelbiead trout .
170
7
Total . . .
91,252, 247
2, 536, 358
250,000
5,213
1,093,572
17, 864
LINES.
Chinook, or king .
110,880
852,534
4.000
4,800
25, 149
20
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Total .
967,414
29,969
TOTAL.
Chinook, or king .
5,937,843
18, 121,039
23, 294, 510
17,495,586
76, 276, 940
808, 223
329,046
483,661
146, 504
46, 187
2, 796, 256
51,890
620,586
806,858
342,256
16,953
20,446
2,114
239,299
284, 271
653, 132
8,435
4,685
8,644
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink .
Sockeye, or blueback .
638,000
118,000
23,200
4,066
16, 170
807
Grand total .
141,934,141
3, 853, 544
2, 525, 700
66,779
1,192,872
22,571
86
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
Products op the Salmon Fisheries op Washington, by Apparatus, Species,
and Waters, in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Columbia River.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
PURSE SEINES.
8,919
2,184
$535
44
216,116
3,085, 916
9,030,000
205,000
17,425,085
37,942
$10,379
80, 942
53, 150
650
670, 135
2, 144
1,090
4, 742
49
190
16,935
818
30,000,059
817,400
HAUL SEINES.
542,616
242,417
34,557
6,848
856, 759
3,022,665
6,900,600
236,000
63, 722
507, 609
51,059
84,683
54,658
588
3,088
25,240
55, 722
458, 701
2,688
22,735
1,299, 456
66,828
11,587,355
219,316
GILL NETS.
1, 894, 233
496,505
448, 224
113,459
10,085
2,624
3,702,213
4,547,210
1,959,698
59, 800
2,972,050
983, 267
182,343
134,672
11,688
746
111,734
58,442
7,350
201,469
346
10, 121
3,047,781
136,635
14,224,238
499,625
DIVER NETS.
264,281
2,000
82,533
17,233
60
4,127
264,281
2,000
82,533
17,233
60
4,127
348,814
21,420
348,814
21,420
REEF NETS.
45,000
136, 000
96,000
365,000
2,250
4,080
500
14, 600
642,000
21,430
TRAP NETS.
1,141,323
1,040,361
782,304
63,217
21,244
4,414
5,453, 851
9,349,310
7, 530, 128
16,994, 786
56,269,490
559,348
315, 371
217,487
44, 284
44,203
2,028,243
28,212
116,245
480,861
5,261
24,229
3,561,094
118,365
96, 156,913
2, 677, 800
WHEELS.
367, 376
332, 831
185,642
256,552
21,471
7,084
7,866
12, 321
367, 376
332, 831
185, 642
256, 552
21, 471
7,084
7,866
12, 321
1,142,401
48, 742
1, 142, 401
48,742
LINES.
Chinook, or king .
110, 880
852, 534
4,000-
4,800
25, 149
20
Coho, or’silver.7 .
Dog, or chum .
Total .
967,414
29, 969
TOTAL.
Chinook, or king .
4, 218, 748
2,116, 298
1,230,528
250,472
45, 365
7,038
11,016, 476
21,328,466
25,520,426
17, 495, 586
77,280,989
2,427,251
604,906
554, 157
164, 300
46, 187
2,835,666
130,486
Coho, or silver. 7 .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, or pink .
Sockeye, or blueback .
366, 049
1, 484, 858
16,210
, 73, 723
Steelhead trout .
Grand total .
9,416,481
392,808
155,069, 194
4,335,702
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
87
Products canned. — Of the total pack of 1,926,539 cases, valued at
$8,681,843, 1,757,539 cases, valued at $7,917,608, were packed on
Puget Sound. One of the canneries operating on the Columbia River
brought some sockeyes from Puget Sound, and the Puget Sound
packers could have packed many more humpbacks than they did,
but refrained from doing so because of the low prices prevailing at
the time for canned humpbacks.
Pack of Canned Salmon in Washington in 1909.
Products.
Chinook, or king, red:
J-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1-pound flat exports.
1-pound tall .
Total .
Chinook, or king, white:
1-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
Coho, or silver:
J-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1- pound tall .
2- pound nominal _
Total .
Chum, or dog:
§-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
Humpback, or pink:
1-pouna flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
Sockeye, or blueback:
J-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
Puget Sound.
Grays Harbor.
Willapa Harbor.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
655
8,278
$2,620
49,668
197
$837
2,003
10,817
3,544
$15,594
1,258
5,032
10, 936
63. 105
3,544
15, 594
1,455
5,869
2,033
378
8,210
1,289
2,177
5,225
2,411
9,499
2, 177
5,225
24, 061
21,431
109,249
427
65, 771
103, 268
458, 845
2,562
1,088
1,176
7,299
3,046
5,174
29,926
4, 822
17,359
155, 168
630,446
9, 563 | 38, 146
4,822
17,359
1,300
1,950
219
53, 469
591
128, 325
5,047
11,608
5,097
11,213
53,688
128,916
5,047
11,608
6, 397
13,163
2,030
368, 963
5,585
896, 757
370,993
902,342
224,455
454,381
485, 507
906,770
2,728,186
2,548,344
244
1,405
1,464
7,587
1,164,343
6, 183,300
1,649
9,051
1, 757, 539
7,917,608
21,980
79, 624
12, 674
36,391
Grand total
88
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Pack of Canned Salmon in Washington in 1909— Continued.
Products.
Columbia River.
Total.
Cases. Value.
Cases.
Value.
Chinook, or king, red:
22,895 $96,160
30,222 | 210,134
606 4,242
12,066 78,636
1,110 10,212
23,550
38,697
606
18,871
1,110
$98,780
260.639
4,242
110,079
10, 212
1-pound flat exports. - .
66,899
399,384
82,834 j 483,952
Chinook, or king, white •
2,033
2, 555
8,210
6,514
Total .
4,588
14, 724
Coho, or silver:
9,143
6,278
15,638
25,600
26,313
63,900
34,292
28,885
137,008
427
94, 417
134, 755
570, 030
2, 562
1-pound flat .
Total .
31,059
115,813
200,612
801,764
Chum, or dog:
1,300
219
83,664
1,950
591
197,932
20,051
46,786
Total .
20,051
46, 786
85, 183
200,473
Humpback, or pink:
2,030
368,963
5,585
896, 757
Total .
370, 993
902,342
Sockeye, or blueback:
£-pound flat .
a 5,047
2,087
567
21, 197
17,017
3,062
229, 502
456, 712
487,479
927,967
2, 746,667
2,558,993
1-pound flat .
Total . .• .
7,701
41,276
1, 173, 693
6,233,627
Steelhead trout:
945
3, 794
3,897
2,937
19,422
22, 602
945
3,794
3,897
2,937
19,422
22,602
1-pound flat . '. _
1-pound tall .
Total .
8,636
44,961
8, 636
44,961
134, 346
648,220
b 1, 926, 539
8,681,843
o Includes 997 eases, valued at $4,187, packed with sockeves from Puget Sound.
& All 1-pound cases contain 48 1-pound cans; the J-pound cases contain 48 '-pound cans. Reduced to a
common basis of cases containing 48 1-pound cans, the pack is 1,781, 317J cases.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
89
Miscellaneous products. — By far the greater part of the miscellane¬
ous secondary products were prepared on Puget Sound. Pickled
salmon predominate in quantity, but mild-cured salmon represent
the greatest value.
Miscellaneous Secondary Products Packed in Washington in 1909.
Note. — Mild-cured salmon have been figured on a basis of 800 pounds to the tierce and pickled fish on
a basis of 200 pounds to the barrel.
Products.
Puget Sound.
Grays Harbor.
Willapa Harbor.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Frozen:
396,477
60,000
1,099,985
264, 687
62, 945
70, 183
4,000
202, 165
$21,989
4,200
55, 250
11,911
1,888
7,018
400
18,195
70,000
$6,300
2, 160,442
120,851
70,000
6,300
Mild cured:
1,687,200
210,770
60,000
9,000
23, 200
$1,856
Pickled:
1,000
540
50,000
1,615,000
172,400
175
48,450
8, 620
1,837,400
57,245
1,000
540
Smoked:
30,000
517,245
5,000
100,000
30, 165
190,500
1,800
25,862
500
5,000
2,413
16,050
Kingj or spring, white, kippered .
872,910
51,625
Fertilizer .
1,210,000
380,648
18,610
14,161
Oil .
Grand total .
8, 148,600
473, 262
131,000
15,840
23,200
1,856
90
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Miscellaneous Secondary Products Packed in Washington in 1909 — Continued.
Products.
Columbia River.
Pounds. Value.
Total.
Pounds. Value.
Frozen:
Coho, or silver, round. . .
Coho, or silver, dressed..
Dog, or chum, round. . . .
Dog, or chum, dressed. .
Humpback, round .
King, or spring, round . .
King, or spring, dressed.
Steelhead trout, round. .
Total.
Mild cured:
King, or spring.
Pickled:
King, or spring .
King, or spring, bellies.
Dog, or chum .
Humpback . .
Humpback bellies .
Total.
72,000
$3,960
232,000
22,120
468,477
60,000
1,099,985
264,687
62, 945
70,183
4,000
504,165
304,000
26,080
2,534,442
522,400
52, 200
2,292,800
6,750
1,000
6,750
50,000
1,615,000
172,400
6, 750
1,845, 150
Smoked:
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum . .
Dog, or chum, kippered .
Humpback backs, kippered .
King, or spring .
King, or spring, white, kippered .
30,000
517,245
5,000
100,000
30, 165
190,500
Total.
872, 910
Fertilizer.
Oil .
1,210,000
a 380, 648
Grand total .
833, 150
78,951
9, 135, 950
$25,949
4,200
55,250
11,911
1,888
7,018
400
46,615-
153, 231
273,826
540
671
175
48,450
8,620
58,456
1,800
25,862
500
5,000
2,413
16,050
51,625
18,610
14, 161
569,909
“ Represents 50,713 gallons.
COLUMBIA RIVER.
As the Columbia River forms the boundary between Oregon and
Washington and the citizens of both States operate in the river, for
convenience tables showing persons employed, investment, catch, and
the packs of canned salmon and miscellaneous secondary products on
both sides of the river are combined in the tables given below, in
addition to showing most of these data in the regular state tables.
Persons Employed in the Salmon Fisheries of the Columbia River in 1909.
Occupation and race.
Number.
Occupation and race.
Number.
Fishermen: Whites .
4,443
80
Shoresmen:
Total:
Whites .
426
4,949
Chinese . >. .
417
417
Japanese .
268
268
Total .
1,111
5,634
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
91
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries of the Columbia River in 1909.
Items.
Number.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
39
$118,400
335
29,875
26,550
222, 700
254,395
51,950
14
‘425
Fishing boats) sail and row . . .
1,923
110
37
23, 300
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
52
21,250
2
'500
1
Items.
Number.
Value.
Apparatus, shore fisheries-Con .
2,755
443
$571,305
8,163
166
32)535
562,700
389,000
30,500
1,577,300
647,000
346
39
12
Shore and accessory property .
4,567,423
<Xatch, by Apparatus and Species, in the Salmon Fisheries of the Columbia
River in 1909.
Apparatus and species.
Pounds.
Value.
PURSE SEINES.
8,919
2, 184
1,090
4,742
$535
44
49
190
16,935
818
HAUL SEINES.
110,503
1,392,377
24,000
506,439
1,078,118
5,183
85,261
150
12,135
52, 562
Steelhead trout .
Total .
3,111,437
155,291
GILL NETS.
Blueback, or sockeve .
8,350
11,958,512
542,472
792,774
515,940
396
667,221
3,223
16, 504
25,292
Silver, or coho .
Steelhead trout .
Total .
13,818,048
712,636
DIVER NETS.
Chinook, or king .
884, 538
2,000
84,333
55,886
60
4,217
Silver, or coho. . .
. 970,871
60,163
Apparatus and species.
Pounds.
Value.
TRAP NETS.
Blueback, or sockeye .
141,265
$6,387
Chinook, or king .
1,198,383
65,823
Dog, or chum .
931,564
5,188
Silver, or coho .
1,602,581
32,888
Steelhead trout .
527,071
26, 540
Total .
4,400,864
136,826
WHEELS.
0
Blueback, or sockeye .
949,165
38,898
Chinook, or king .
1,091,751
64,082
Silver, or coho .
603,453
12,683
Steelhead trout .
592,819
27,835
Total .
3,237,188
143,498
TOTAL.
Blueback, or sockeye .
1,210,373
50,913
Chinook, or king .
16,534,480
938,808
Dog, or chum .
1,498,036
8,561
Silver, or coho .
3,509,431
74,314
Steelhead trout .
2,803,023
136,636
Grand total .
25,555,343
1,209,232
92
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Canned Pack on Both Sides of the Columbia River in 1909.
Products.
Blueback, or sockeye:
J-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
Chinook, or king:
J-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1-pound flat exports.
1-pound tall .
H>ound oval .
1- pound oval .
2- pound nominal _
Total .
Chum, or dog:
1-pound tall .
Cases. “
Value.
Products.
b 37,118
8,732
c 617
8154,292
56,887
3,382
Humpback, or pink:
1-pound tall .
Silverside, coho, or white:
46,467
214,561
1-pound flat .
90,281
84,212
606
29,519
534
1,919
458
379,181
603,651
4,242
193,827
2,670
18,142
1,833
Total .
Steel head trout:
i-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
207,529
1,203,546
24,542
57,115
Cases.“
Value.
d 55
$132
12,447
14, 498
21,455
34,852
62,468
87,750
48,400
185,070
8,009
5,159
8,217
25,021
27,117
47,658
21,385
99.796
348,378
1,760,220
a All 1-pound cases contain 48 1-pound cans; the pound cases contain 48 J-pound cans.
6 Of these, 5,592 cases, valued ai 822,883, were filled with sockeyes brought from Puget Sound, Wash.
c Of these, 50 cases, valued at 8320, were filled with sockeyes brought from Puget Sound, Wash.
d Filled with fish brought from Puget Sound, Wash.
Pack of Miscellaneous Products on Both Sides of the Columbia River in 1909.
Products.
Pounds.
Value.
Products.
Pounds.
Value.
Frozen:
Chinook .
14,000
288, 175
1,646,662
$1,400
17,828
163,887
Smoked:
127,700
20,000
$19,155
2,000
Silverside .
Total
147,700
21,155
1,948,837
183,115
6,535,533
648, 125
Mild-cured:
Chinook .
4,432,246
443,184
Pickled:
6,750
671
OREGON.
The catch of salmon in the Columbia River in 1909 was only fair,
owing partly to the shortening of the open fishing season. On the
coast streams conditions were far from favorable. Low water at one
time kept the salmon from entering the streams; afterwards freshets
and storms made fishing impossible at times. A few places, however,
show increases over the previous year.
STATISTICS BY COUNTIES.
Persons employed. — The total number of persons employed was
5,320. All of the fishermen and transporters were whites. Clatsop
County, in which Astoria is located, has more than half of the per¬
sons employed.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST
93
Persons Employed in the Salmon Fisheries of Oregon, by Counties and
Nationalities, in 1909.
Counties.
Fisher¬
men.
Shoresmen
Trans¬
porters.
Total.
Whites.
Whites.
Chi¬
nese.
Japa¬
nese.
Total.
Whites.
Whites.
Chi¬
nese.
Japa¬
nese.
Total.
48
21
33
8
62
69
33
8
110
6
6
6
Multnomah .
88
29
68
42
139
2
119
68
42
229
86
86
86
149
21
21
8
178
178
Clatsop .
2,863
258
152
145
555
37
3,158
152
145
3,455
Tillamook .
154
11
50
9
70
4
169
50
9
228
144
9
19
14
42
153
19
14
186
Lane .
121
7
30
14
51
2
130
30
14
174
Douglas .
100
5
19
10
34
2
107
19
10
136
Coos .
276
26
36
14
76
10
312
36
14
362
33
15
4
19
5
53
4
57
111
2
2
113
113
Total .
4, 179
404
411
256
1,071
70
4,653
411
256
5,320
Investment, apparatus, etc. — The total investment amounted to
S3, 641, 775, of which more than one-half is contributed by Clatsop
County. The gill net is the principal form of apparatus used in
most counties.
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries of Oregon, by Counties, in 1909.
Wasco.
Hood River.
Multnomah.
Clackamas.
Columbia.
Items.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
1
$4,000
4
$10,900
11
26
600
1,570
1,800
17, 100
1.810
1,500
1
1,000
7,900
2,300
1,350
400
2
1
$2,000
800
16
76
Fishing boats, sail and row.. . .
16
6
$240
53
5
43
$1,290
33
4
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
1
500
1
4
1,400
8
560
72
3,470
792
4
70
20
360
52
871
71
50
920
26
6,250
89
15,825
6,750
10
14
260,000
6,000
12
53,000
16,000
123,015
103,500
4
5
261,600
45,000
115
69,565
15,000
575,970
600
320,746
5,667
144, 140
94 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries of Oregon, by Counties, in 1909 —
Continued.
Items.
Clatsop.
Tillamook.
Lincoln.
Lane.
Douglas.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
16
$58,200
2
$7,300
1
83,000
1
$2,000
163
16
7
ft 5
Outfit" .
14,630
1,750
2,000
600
950
400
8
21,500
1
2
$600
Fishing boats, power .
157
97,100
188,515
38,860
1,800
3
3
1.500
6
1,200
2,670
1,020
Fishing boats, sail and row...
1,210
82
74
5,550
73
5,925
90
7
50
2, 100
Pile drivers .
2
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
28
10,600
466, 175
2,550
1
130
2, 131
115
63
8,230
'4,530
112
10,400
4,490
51
6, 195
30
2,125
Gill nets, set .
151
153
108
1,502
116
4^420
Diver nets .
3
300
Pound nets .
11
19,000
774, 815
265,000
69,883
28, 000
41,848
17, 100
21,589
12, 500
13,500
12,000
1,959,045
127,843
77,263
47,267
44,634
Items.
Coos.
Curry.
Josephine.
Total.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
Power vessels .
4
$24,500
1
$10,000
30
$119,900
Tonnage .
34
26
288
Outfit." .
4,100
1,350
25,350
28,900
139,600
224,545
45, 050
Power boats .
1
2, 000
15
Fishing boats, power .
25
12,200
287
Fishing boats, sail and row...
Scows and house boats .
164
16
8,125
2,320
22
3,300
56
$1,920
1,890
114
Pile drivers .
2
L800
16,280
523,331
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
8
2,350
1
300
4
600
Gill nets, drift .
279
23,176
6
800
66
2,200
6 2.81S
cl, 122
d 418
166
4,720
102
2,305
14
84
27^ 614
22,375
25,750
313,000
22, 000
Diver nets .
Pound nets .
21
Wheels, stationary .
26
9
Shore and accessory property.
Cash capital .
67,400
100, 400
15,000
7,450
1,554; 780
551,500
42,000
Total .
190,891
135,455
12,254
3,641,775
“ Aggregate length of 22,855 yards.
i> Aggregate length of 1,187,832 yards.
c Aggregate length of 59,625 yards.
d Aggregate length of 46,600 yards.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
95
Products. — The total catch amounted to 22,191,291 pounds, valued
at $968,983, of which Clatsop County contributed more than one-half.
Gill nets catch more than two-thirds of the total. Chinook salmon
constitute more than one-half of the total catch.
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Oregon, by Species and Apparatus, in
1909.
Apparatus and species.
Wasco.
Hood River.
Multnomah.
Clackamas.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds. Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
SEINES.
Blueback .
6,000
41,000
$300
2,870
Chinook, fresh .
Silver.. ’ .
206,000
105,280
$4, 120
4, 120
Steelhead trout .
4,000
200
Total .
311,280
8,240
51,000
3,370
GILL NETS.
Blueback .
1,000
18,000
17, 100
20, 900
50
770
513
975
Chinook, fresh .
1,800
2,600
800
144
78
48
9,700
14, 700
5,500
$679
521
306
208,000
7,000
24,000
$8,320
210
720
Steelhead trout .
Total .
5,200
270
29,900
1,506
57,000
2,308
239,000
9,250
DIVER NETS.
Chinook .
131,757
1,800
9,223
90
Steelhead trout .
Total .
133,557
9,313
WHEELS.
Blueback .
534,555
497,805
243,000
272,835
21,382
28,998
4,860
13,232
228,968
226,570
27,622
63,432
9,650
13,613
739
2,282
Chinook, fresh .
Silver .
Steelhead trout .
Total .
1,548,195
68, 472
546,592
26,284
TOTAL.
Blueback .
534.555
499, 605
451,600
378, 915
21,382
29, 142
9.058
17,400
235, 968
417,327
44,722
90, 132
10,000
26, 476
1,252
3,547
Chinook, fresh. .
9,700
14, 700
5,500
679
521
306
208,000
7,000
24,000
8,320
210
720
Silver .
Steelhead trout .
Grand total .
1,864,675
76,982
29,900
1,506
788, 149
41,275
239,000
9,250
59395°— 11-
-33
96 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Products op the Salmon Fisheries op Oregon, by Species and Apparatus, in
1909 — Continued .
Apparatus and species.
Columbia.
Clatsop.
Tillamook.
Lincoln.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Yalue.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
SEINES.
48,781
744. 646
24,000
52,603
427, 064
$2, 195
44,328
150
1,059
21,353
64,115
S3, 506
5,419
83,073
108
4, 154
152, 607
7,768
1,297,094
69,085
. j .
GILL NETS.
9, 826, 779
94,248
254,869
134, 071
543,849
599
5,097
6, 662
417,827
323, 480
421,587
5,000
511,916
1,617
12, 244
100
255,268
72,360
580, 182
6,200
$12,073
453
16, 755
248
129,200
6,460
129,200
6,460
10,309,967
556,207
1,167,894
25,877
914,010
29,529
DIVER NETS.
476,500
28,710
12,000
720
POUND NETS.
25,020
43.610
4,160
18.220
32. 610
1,126
2,547
26
364
1,631
13. 450
145,100
544,000
13.600
59
748
11,280
680
716,150
12,767
123,620
5 694
TOTAL.
73,801
10,627,035
122,408
325.692
593, 745
3,321
591,444
775
6.520
29, 646
554, C65
145,100
549,419
225,873
32,275
748
11,388
11,294
417,827
323,480
421,587
5,000
11,916
1,617
12,244
100
255,268
72,360
580, 182
6,200
12,073
453
16, 755
248
Doc..... .
1,474,457
55,705
11,742,681
631,706
1,167,894
25,877
914,010
29,529
Apparatus and species.
Lane.
Douglas.
Coos.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
SEINES.
5,000
8,000
S125
200
16,200
176,452
3,900
8466
4,411
78
13,000
325
196,552
4,955
GILL NETS.
82,304
12, 000
2,057
480
62,912
51,573
127,581
3,497
36,000
351,072
13.000
225
8,728
260
970,348
24,256
1,210.048
55,000
30,251
1,100
Total .
1.064,652
26, 793
462,984
10,786
1,392,629
34,848
TOTAL.
87,304
12,000
2,182
480
62,912
1,573
143,781
3,963
Chinook, salted .
Dog .
36,000
351,072
13,000
225
8,728
260
Silver .
978,348
24,456
1,386,500
58, 900
34,662
1,178
Steelhead trout .
Grand total .
1,077,652
27,118
462,984
10, 786
1,589,181
39.803
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
97
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Oregon, by Species and Apparatus, in
1909 — Continued .
Apparatus and species.
Curry.
Josephine.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
SEINES.
54,781
901,861
24, 000
448,474
623, 317
$2,495
51,917
150
9,898
29,905
25, 652
$292
5,248
$330
Total .
25,652
292
5,248
330
2,052,433
94,365
GILL NETS.
1,000
11,637,261
12,000
526,088
3,903,204
502, 691
50
600, 189
480
2,894
100, 063
18, 982
462, 000
4,620
165,090
10,691
72,000
107,100
1,200
2,018
1,698
1,920
210
85
641,100
7,838
168.708
10, 986
16.582.244
722,658
DIVER NETS.
620,257
1,800
38.653
90
622,057
38, 743
POUND NETS.
25,020
57,060
149,260
562,220
46,210
1,126
2,606
774
11,644
2,311
839,770
18, 461
WHEELS.
Blueback .
763,523
724,375
270,622
336,267
31,032
42,611
5,599
15,514
Chinook', fresh .
Silver. . . .
Sleelhead .
Toral .
2,094,787
94,756
TOTAL.
Blueback .
844,324
13,940,814
12,000
699,348
5,184,520
1,510, 285
34, 703
735,976
480
3,818
127,204
66, 802
Chinook, fresh .
487,652
4,912
170,338
11,021
Chinook, salted .
Do? .
Si'ver .
72,000
107, 100
1,200
2,018
1,698
• 1,920
210
85
Steelhead trout .
Grand total .
666, 752
8, 130
173,956 j 11,316
22, 191,291
968.983
STATISTICS BY WATERS.
Persons employed. — The Columbia River furnishes about four-fifths
of the total number of persons employed. The Coquille River is
second and the Siuslaw River third in this respect.
98 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Persons Employed in the Salmon Fisheries of Oregon, by Waters and
Nationalities, in 1909.
Occupation and nationality.
Colum¬
bia
River.
Nehalem
River.
Tilla¬
mook
Bay.
Nestucca
River.
Siletz
River.
Yaquina
Bay and
River.
Alsea
Bay and
River.
3,240
48
46
60
16
63
65
Shoresmen:
329
5
6
2
5
253
23
27
5
14
195
6
3
5
9
777
34
36
12
28
47
4
-
Total :
Whites .
3,616
253
53
56
60
18
65
70
23
27
5
14
195
6
3
5
9
4,064
82
86
60
18’
75
93
Occupation and nationality.
Siuslaw
River.
Umpqua
River.
Coos Bay.
Coquflle
River.
Rogue
River.
Total.
121
100
114
162
144
4,179
Shoresmen:
Whites .
7
5
14
12
17
404
30
19
14
22
4
411
14
10
4
10
256
51
34
32
44
21
1,071
2
2
10
5
70
Total:
130
107
138
174
166
4,653
30
19
14
22
4
411
14
10
4
10
256
174
136
156
206
170
5,320
Investment, a'p'paratus, etc. — More than two-thirds of the invest¬
ment is found on the Columbia River, and this is the only river on
which diver nets, pound or trap nets, and wheels are employed.
99
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries op Oregon, by Waters, in 1909.
Items.
Columbia River.
Nehalem
River.
Tillamook
Bay.
Nestucca
River.
Siletz River.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
21
200
873, 100
2
16
87,300
16,800
24,300
124, 100
194,955
41,710
1,800
12,900
470, 205
5,563
22,375
25.750
313,000
22,000
1,229,110
428, 500
1,750
2,000
600
1,500
11
250
1,361
91
2
34
2,211
312
118
21
26
9
1
3
20
1
$200
Fishing boats, power. . .
Fishing boats, sail and
row .
Scows and house boats .
24
81,800
30
$2,250
9
1,425
Apparatus, shore fish¬
eries:
Gill nets, drift .
Gill nets, set .
17
70
1,980
2,100
26
31
3,250
930
20
50
3,000
1,500
3
8
300
240
Pound, or trap, nets.
Wheels, stationary.
Shore and accessory
53,078
10,000
16,605
18,000
200
17,174
1,000
3,006,168
68,958
51,935
6,950
20,339
Items.
Yaquina Bay
and River.
Alsea Bay and
River.
Siuslaw River.
Umpqua River.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
1
$3,000
1
$2,000
7
5
950
400
1
$400
3
$1,500
2,600
6
1,200
Fishing boats' sail and row. . .
30
34
1,900
90
7
2,670
1,020
50
2, 100
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
1
130
60
5,200
2,300
5,500
1,000
49
4,900
1,950
51
6,195
1,502
17,100
13, 500
30
2, 125
80
65
108
116
4, 420
19, 174
10,500
21,589
12,000
18,100
38,824
47,267
44,634
Items.
Coos Bay.
Coquille River.
Rogue River.
Total.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
4
824,500
1
$10,000
30
$119, 900
34
26
288
4,100
1,350
25, 350
1
2,000
15
28, 900
22
11,600
3
$600
287
139, 600
Fishing boats, sail and row.. .
26
3; 325
138
4,800
78
5,220
1,892
224; 545
5
890
11
1,430
114
45,050
2
1,800
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
2
550
6
1,800
5
900
48
16, 280
Gill nets, drift .
165
14, 176
114
9,000
72
3,000
2,81S
523,331
Gill nets, set .
46
1,120
120
3,600
116
2,389
1,122
27,614
418
22,375
21
25', 750
26
313,000
9
22, 000
46,000
21,400
107,850
1,554^780
17; 000
25', 000
15, 000
'55li 500
123,261
67,630
147,709
3,641,775
100
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Catch'. — The Columbia River produces more than two-thirds of the
total catch, the Siuslaw River is second, and Coos Bay third. Blue-
backs are taken on the Columbia River alone. The gill net is the
only form of apparatus employed in most of the rivers.
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Oregon, by Apparatus, Species, and
Waters, in 1909.
Apparatus and species.
Columbia River.
Nehalem River.
Tillamook Bay.
Nestucca River.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
HAUL SEINES.
54,781
849, 761
24,000
264,022
619,417
$2,495
50, 704
150
5,287
29,827
1,811,981
88,463
GILL NETS.
1,000
10,064,279
94,248
296,269
314,471
SO
553,762
599
6,419
15,171
50,284
$1,509
314,810
259,856
146,592
5,000
$7,870
1,299
3,665
100
52,733
$2,537
206,826
63,624
5,171
318
68, 169
3,408
10, 770,267
576,001
320,734
6,998
726,258
12,934
120,902
5,945
DIVER NETS.
620,257
1,800
38,653
90
622,057
38, 743
POUND NETS.
25,020
57,060
149,260
562,220
46,210
1,126
2,606
774
11,644
2,311
::::::::
839, 770
18,461
WHEELS.
763,523
724,375
270,622
336,267
31,032
42,611
5,599
15,514
.
Total .
2,094,787
94,756
TOTAL.
844,324
12,315,732
267,508
1,393,133
1,318,165
34, 703
688,336
1,523
28,949
62,913
50,284
1,509
314,810
259,856
146, 592
5,000
. 7,870
1,299
3,665
100
52, 733
2,537
206, 826
63,624
5,171
318
68, 169
3,408
Grand total .
16,138,862
816,424
320, 734
6,998
726,258
12,934
120,902
5,945
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
101
Products op the Salmon Fisheries of Oregon, by Apparatus, Species, and
Waters, in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Siletz River.
Yaquina Bay and
River.
Alsea Bay and
River.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
GILL NETS.
53,690
$2, 148
33,722
42,640
246, 738
$1,532
267
6,752
167,856
29, 720
333,444
6,200
$8,393
186
10,003
248
Steelbead trout .
53,690
2,148
323, 100
8,551
537,220
18,830
TOTAL.
53,690
2, 148
33, 722
42,640
246, 738
1,532
267
6,752
167,856
29,720
333,444
6,200
8,393
186
10,003
248
53,690
2,148
323,100
8,551
537,220
18,830
Apparatus and species.
Siuslaw River.
Umpqua River.
Coos Bay.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
HAUL SEINES.
Chinook, or king, fresh .
5,000
8,000
8125
200
12,100
39,000
3,900
$363
975
78
Steelhiead trout .
Total .
13,000
325
55,000 1,416
GILL NETS.
Chinook, or king, fresh .
82,304
12,000
2,057
480
62,912
$1,573
100, 181
2,812
Chinook, or king’ salted .
Dog, or chum .
36,000
351,072
13,000
225
8,728
260
970,348
24,256
660,240
49, 000
16,506
980
1,064,652
26, 793
462,984
10,786
809,421
20,298
TOTAL.
Chinook, or king, fresh . :
87,304
12,000
2,182
480
62, 912
1,573
112,281
3,175
Chinook ] or kingj salted. . . .
Dog, or chum. .
36,000
351,072
13,000
225
8, 728
260
Silver, or coho .
978,348
24,456
699,240
52, 900
17,481
1,058
Steelhead trout .
Grand total .
1,077,652
27,118
462, 984
10, 786
864,421
21,714
102 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of Oregon, by Apparatus, Species, and
Waters, in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Coquille River.
Rogue River.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
HAUL SEINES.
54,781
901,861
24,000
448,474
023,317
82,495
51,917
150
9,898
29, 905
4, 100
8103
30,900
8022
137,452
3,436
141,552
3,539
30,900
622
2,052,433
94,365
GILL NETS.
1,000
11,637,261
12,000
526,088
3,903,204
502,691
50
600, 189
480
2,894
100,063
18,982
27,400
685
627, 090
15,311
549,808
6,000
13, 745
120
73,698
109,020
1,410
2,103
Steelhead trout .
Total . . . .
DIVER NETS.
583,208
14, 550
809, 808
18,824
16,582,244
722,658
620,257
1,800
38,653
90
622,057
38, 743
POUND NETS.
25,020
57,060
149,260
562,220
46,210
1,126
2,600
774
11,644
2,311
839,770
18,461
WHEELS.
Blueback, or sockeye .
763,523
724,375
270,622
336,267
31,032
42,611
5,599
15,514
Chinook, or king, fresh .
Steelhead trout .
Total .
2,094,7S7
94,756
TOTAL.
844,324
13,940,814
12,000
635, 724
5,184,520
1,573,909
34,703
735, 976
480
3,500
127,204
67,120
Chinook, or king, fresh .
31,500
788
657,990
15, 933
Chinook, or king, salted .
Dog, or chum. . . . .
687,260
6,000
17,181
120
73,698
109.020
1,410
2,103
724,760
18,089 840,708
19,446
22,191,291
968,983
Products canned. — As in other branches of the industry the Co¬
lumbia River leads, producing more than two-tliirds of the pack of
canned salmon. But little was done on the Rogue River, owing to
the recent death of Mr. R. D. Hume, owner of the principal cannery.
Bluebacks and steelheads were packed on the Columbia River alone.
All of the humpbacks and part of the sockeyes packed on the
Columbia River were brought from Puget Sound, Wash.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
103
Pack of Canned Salmon in Oregon, by Waters, in 1909.
Products.
Columbia River.
Nehalem River.
Tillamook Bay.
Yaquina River
and Bay.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Blueback, or sockeye:
a32,071
6,645
b 50
$133,095
39,870
320
38, 766
173.285
Chinook, or king:
J-pound flat .
228
67,386
53,990
17,453
534
809
458
283,021
393,517
115,191
2,670
7,930
3,833
$684
965
$2,895
1-pound tall .
1,643
9,858
2,128
12,768
140,630
804, 162
1,871
10,542
3,093
15,663
Chum, or dog:
1-pound tall .
Humpback, or pink:
_
_
4,491
10,329
909
2,091
3,732
8,538
33
$76
c 55
132
Silverside, coho, or white:
i-pound flat .
3,304
8,220
5,817
9,252
36,155
23,850
2, 546
7,129
2,139
5,933
l-nound tall .
Total .
Steelhead trout:
3,281
13,124
3,969
15,876
1,139
4, 556
17.341
69,257
5,827
20,253
6,088
21,809
1, 139
4,556
7,064
1,365
4,320
22.0S4
7,695
25,056
Tot?l
12, 749
54,835
Grand total .
214,032
1,112,000
8, G07
32, 886
12,893
46,010
1, 172
4,632
Products.
Alsea River
and Bay.
Siuslaw
River.
Umpqua
River.
Coos Bay.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Chinook, or king:
928
$2, 784
50
211
39
$150
1,013
312
1 -pound tall .
655
3,930
032
$3,792
500
$3,000
Total . .
Chum, or dog:
1,583
6,714
632
3,792
500
3,000
300
1,475
80
184
Silverside, coho, or white:
Lpoutid flat .
2,601
7,283
4,017
11,248
2, OSS
1,841
759
315
5,846
8,100
3.036
945
1-pound tall .
4, 186
16, 744
5, 427
21.708
7,753
31,012
Total .
Grand total . .
6,787
24,027
9,444
32,956
7,753
31,012
5,003
17,927
8,450 30,925
10,076
36, 748
8,253
34,012
5,303
19,402
a Of these, 4,59!) cases, valued at $18,096, were filled with sockeyes brought from Puget Sound, Wash.
t> Packed with sockeye salmon irom Puget Sound, Wash,
c Packed with humpback salmon from Puget Sound, Wash.
^04 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Pack of Canned Salmon in Oregon, by Waters, in 1909 — Continued.
Products.
Coquille River.
Rogue River.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Blueback, or sockeye:
32,071
6,645
50
$133,095
39,870
320
38, 766
173,285
Chinook, or king:
69, 557
54, 591
23,057
534
848
458
289, 534
396,809
148.815
2,670
8,242
1,833
204
46
8979
276
186
81,300
250
1,255
186
1,300
149,045
847,903
Chum, or dog:
9,225
21,218
Humpback, or pink:
55
132
Silverside, coho, or white:
3,656
1,226
6, 764
10, 237
5, 394
27, 056
20, 331
11,755
39,326
315
56,928
51,702
157,886
945
468
231
2,053
924
11,646
42, 687
699
2,977
71,727
267,461
Steelhead trout:
7,064
1,365
4,320
22, 084
7,695
25,056
12, 749
54, 835
11,896
43,942
885
4,277
o281,567
1,364,834
a All 1-pound cases contain 48 1-pound cans; the 1 -pound cases contain 48 J-pound cans. Reduced to a
common basis of 48 1-pound cans the pack is 216, 788^- cases.
Miscellaneous secondary products. — The Columbia River produces a
large part of the miscellaneous secondary products. Mild-cured
salmon form the greater part of the pack, followed by frozen, smoked,
and pickled salmon in the order named.
Pack of Miscellaneous Secondary Products in Oregon, by Waters, in 1909.
Products.
Columbia River.
Nehalem River.
Tillamook Bay.
Siletz River.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Frozen:
14,000
216, 175
1,414,662
$1,400
13,868
141,767
Total .
1,644,837
157,035
Mild-cured:
Chinook .
3,909,846
390,984
15,485
$1,239
59,595
$4,768
41,575
$4,003
Smoked :
Chinook .
127,700
20,000
19, 155
2,000
Silverside .
Total .
147,700
21,155
Grand total .
5,702,383
569,174
15, 485
1,239
59,595
4,768
41,575
4,003
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
105
Pack of Miscellaneous Secondary Products in Oregon, by Waters, in
1909 — Continued.
Products.
Alsea River and
Bay.
Siuslaw River.
Umpqua River.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Mild-cured:
32,386
$3,158
12,000
$960
4,002
$240
Pickled:
400
2,600
24
130
Total .
3,000
154
Grand total .
32,386
3,158
15,000
1,114
4,002
240
Products.
Coos Bay.
Rogue River.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Frozen:
14,000
216,175
1,446,685
$1,400
13,868
144,658
32,023
$2,891
Total .
32,023
2,891
1,676,860
159,926
Mild-cured:
Chinook .
48,000
$4,800
242, 553
24,673
4,365,442
434,825
Pickled:
Chinook .
400
2,600
24
130
.
3,000
154
Smoked:
Chinook .
127, 700
20,000
19, 155
2,000
Silverside .
147,700
21,155
Grand total .
48,000
4,800
274, 576
27,564
6,193,002
616,060
CALIFORNIA.
In Eel River the runs of all species of salmon were very poor. For
the first few days of the season the catch was very heavy, after which
the run dwindled down to almost nothing. Nearly all of these were
shipped fresh to San Francisco, where the dealers claimed that most
of them arrived in bad condition.
In the Sacramento River the run was a very fair one, and all of
the product was marketed in either a fresh, mild-cured, or smoked
condition, none being canned. The interesting table following shows
the daily deliveries of chinook salmon to one of the mild-curing plants
on the river, and the total and average weights of same.
106 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Daily Deliveries of Chinook Salmon to a Mild-Curing Plant on the Sacra¬
mento River, Season of 1909.
Date.
Num¬
ber.
Total
weight.
Aver¬
age.
Spring, 1909.
Apr. 16 .
21
421
20.0
17 .
13
297
22.0
19 .
109
2,411
22.0
20 .
305
7,512
24.6
21 .
111
2,826
25.4
22 .
183
4,510
24.6
23 .
331
7, 708
23.2
24 .
163
3,919
24.0
26 .
284
5,918
23.8
27 .
75
1,788
23.8
28 .
104
2,391
23.0
29 .
116
2,716
23.2
30 .
358
8,059
23.0
Hay l .
251
5,739
22.8
3 .
171
4,016
23.4
4 .
175
4,128
23.5
5 .
107
2,490
22.6
6 .
66
1,680
25.4
7 .
132
2,957
22.4
8 .
96
2,287
7,302
23.8
10 .
308
23.3
12 .
152
3,717
24.4
13 .
89
2,056
23.1
14 .
274
6,635
6, 201
24.2
15 .
254
24.4
17 .
310
7,378
23.8
18 .
323
7,844
24.2
19 .
210
5,037
23.9
20 .
226
5,246
23. 2
21 .
154
3,778
24,5
22 .
166
4,150
25.0
24 .
315
7,290
23. 1
25 .
422
9,917
7,767
23.5
26 .
342
22.7
27 .
245
5,900
24.0
28 .
268
6,496
24.2
29 .
197
4,826
24.5
30 .
330
7,529
22.8
June 1 .
299
7,250
24.2
Total .
8,019
190,092
23.7
Date.
Num¬
ber.
Total
weight.
Aver¬
age.
Fall, 1909.
Aug. 17 .
279
6,658
23.8
18 .
325
8,021
24.6
19 .
147
4,018
27.3
20 .
185
4,954
26.7
21 .
39
1,011
25.9
23 . .
1,731
42, 829
24.7
24 .
458
11,888
26.0
25 .
279
7,444
26.7
26 .
315
8,250
26.0
27 .
145
3, 747
25.8
28 .
86
2, 309
28.0
30 .
1,300
32,926
25.3
31 .
812
21,018
25.8
Sept, l .
628
16,331
26.0
2 .
356
9,654
27.1
3 .
242
6,582
27.1
4 .
105
2,885
27.4
6 .
1,176
31,640
26.9
7 .
915
24, 277
26.5
8 .
758
19, 874
26.2
9 .
704
18,851
26.7
10 .
677
18, 204
26.8
11 .
369
9.592
26.0
13 .
1,917
49, 781
25.9
14 .
1,343
35,555
26.4
15 .
751
20,097
26.7
16 .
647
17,328
26.7
17 .
1,493
35, 883
24.0
Total .
18,182
471,607
25.9
Grand total .
26, 201
661,699
25. 45
The southernmost point on our coast where salmon are taken com¬
mercially is in Monterey Bay, and it is here that trolling was first
engaged in to any extent. Yearly the chinooks come into Monterey
and Santa Cruz Bays, where they sometimes remain feeding for
months. When- they strike in, which in numbers they usually do
the latter part of April, they are in the pursuit of squid, sardines,
anchovies, and other small fish, and their presence is first indicated
to the fishermen by the occasional disturbances of the surface by the
small fish. It is a signal for the fishermen and sportsmen, who go
out in both sail and row boats.
During 1909 most of the catch was made in the vicinity of Mon-
terey, the salmon appearing in but small numbers in Santa Cruz Bay.
While evidently coming in schools at first, salmon soon scatter
about in pursuit of their prey, thus making the use of nets unprofit¬
able. In a dead calm troll fishing practically ceases, but with the
return of the breeze the fish resume biting.
107
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
The silver salmon come into Monterey Bay in July and are usually
taken in that one month alone. Some of them run as large as 12 to
13 pounds each and all are feeding.
During 1909 the dealers had an agreement with their fishermen,
who are mostly Japanese, under which they kept back a certain per¬
centage of the price until the end of the season. This was done in
order to make certain that the fishermen would not go off and sell to
some one else the better fish and bring them the poorer quality.
The following table shows the daily receipts of chinook salmon
at the mild-curing plant of one of the companies operating at Mon¬
terey during 1909. The table also shows the number of boats fishing,
the number of fish caught, and the total weight of same, and the
average weight per fish :
Daily Deliveries of Chinook Salmon at a Mild-curing Plant on Monterey
Bay, Season of 1909.
Date.
Num¬
ber of
boats.
Num¬
ber of
fish.
Total
weight.
Aver¬
age
weight.
1909.
Apr. 30 .
70
966
10,002
18.3
Hay 1 .
69
319
4,096
12.8
3 .
12
20
369
18.4
4-5 .
30
152
2,512
16.5
0 .
41
126
1,758
14.0
7 .
35
93
1,084
11.6
8 .
23
47
602
13.0
10 .
15
47
633
13.0
11 .
28
56
770
13.4
12 .
82
642
8,210
12.5
13 .
83
613
6, 250
10.2
14 .
93
847
9,993
11.8
15 .
103
615
7,835
12.7
16 .
16
26
429
16.0
17 .
107
1,152
14,612
12.7
18 .
87
318
4,607
15.0
19 .
63
135
1,673
12.5
22 .
31
46
667
15.0
23 .
82
476
6,043
12.7
24 .
107
1,652
3,390
23, 600
14.3
25 .
114
50, 621
15.0
26 .
118
1,190
17, 590
12.0
27 .
54
94
1,619
17.0
28 .
68
222
3,458
15.5
29 .
93
650
9,874
15.5
30 .
118
2,852
38, 567
13.5
31 .
119
1,005
14,625
14.0
June 1 .
95
493
8,273
17.0
2 .
115
1,245
20, 256
17.0
3 .
109
1,000
14,304
14.0
4 .
112
724
10, 437
14.0
5 .
96
1,615
22, 571
14.0
6 .
114
988
12,901
13.0
7 .
95
485
7,042
14.5
8 .
80
307
4,804
16.0
9 .
68
200
3,437
17.0
10 .
66
243
4,786
22.0
11 .
83
348
6,187
19.0
12 .
95
623
10, 218
16.0
13 .
106
499
7,965
16.0
14 .
89
390
6,655
18.0
15 .
112
1,729
27, 524
16.0
16 .
115
3,092
48, 138
15. 4
17 .
105
1,395
24,436
17.6
18 .
117
3,725
61,789
16.7
19 .
112
2,083
35, 265
17.0
20 .
111
1,442
23,335
16.2
Date.
Num¬
ber of
boats.
Num¬
ber of
fish.
Total.
weight.
Aver¬
age
weight.
1909.
June 21 .
106
1,808
30,090
16.6
22 .
110
1,678
20, 576
12.2
23 .
104
1,135
15,964
14.0
24 .
111
1,811
26,826
14.5
25 .
100
595
9,549
16.0
26 .
10S
615
9,645
15.0
27 .
46
142
1,831
12.7
28 .
44
212
2,719
12.8
29 .
88
566
7,030
12.5
30 .
101
1,175
14, 499
13.0
July 1 .
111
1,416
18,363
13.0
2 .
100
634
8,576
13.5
3 .
108
1,313
16,060
12.2
6 .
113
1,687
24,508
15.0
7 .
114
1,568
20,054
13.0
8 .
116
1,428
20, 401
14.25
9 .
80
971
13,350
14.0
10 .
114
973
13,236
13.5
11 .
88
581
8,184
14.0
12 .
79
400
5,196
13.0
13 .
62
407
4,847
12.0
14 .
91
466
5, 469
11.7
15 .
98
513
6,166
12.0
16 .
85
495
5,713
11.6
17 .
85
506
5,697
11.25
19 .
55
257
3,187
12.4
20 .
91
422
5,565
13.1
21 .
62
205
3,252
15. 75
22 .
68
356
5,178
15.0
23 .
79
460
6,237
13.5
24 .
95
1,284
15,391
12.0
26 .
108
1,176
16,437
14.0
27 .
104
1,487
22, 766
15. 30
28 .
105
961
18, 576
19.5
29 .
88
267
5,521
20.7
30 .
59
114
2,548
22.7
31 .
47
144
2,832
19.9
Aug. 2 .
79
287
4,908
17.0
3 .
43
78
1,574
20.0
4 .
21
71
1,366
19.0
5 .
43
170
3,546
20. 9
6 .
70
274
4,845
18.0
7 .
52
114
2, 156
19.0
9-12 .
12
20
502
25.0
Total....
71, 619
1,043, 358
14.6
108
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
STATISTICS BY COUNTIES.
Persons employed. — The total number of persons employed was
2,675, Contra Costa County leading with 774 persons.
Persons Engaged in the California Salmon Fisheries, by Counties, in 1909.
Counties.
Fishermen.
Shoresmen, a
Trans¬
porters
(whites).
Grand
total.
Whites.
Japa¬
nese.
Chi¬
nese.
Total.
Whites.
Indians.
Japa¬
nese.
Total.
84
84
17
15
32
3
119
339
339
19
19
358
25
25
25
8
8
8
60
60
60
60
8
128
420
420
50
50
24
494
654
654
78
78
42
774
64
24
88
88
Yolo
42
42
42
178
178
178
12
12
12
45
45
5
50
20
20
1
1
21
45
45
5
5
50
10
10
10
65
144
15
224
26
26
250
68
68
68
Total .
2,114
168
15
2,297
276
15
5
296
82
2,675
a All the shoresmen reported for Alameda County and part of those reported for San Francisco County
are employed by one of the Alaskan canning companies and have been reported here, as they are employed
here the whole year.
Investment, apparatus, etc. — The total investment amounts to
$1,232,960. The shore property reported for Alameda County belongs
to one of the companies operating in Alaska. Contra Costa leads in
the total investment. Gill nets, haul seines, and trolling lines are
the principal forms of apparatus in use.
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries of California, by Counties, in 1909.
Items.
Del Norte.
Humboldt.
Alameda.
Marin.
San
Francisco.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
1
9
$3,248
1
32
$25,000
750
1,240
7,000
18,000
1,500
4
15
15
Fishing boats, sail and row.. . .
54
2,640
253
2
17
286
$6, 625
100
2,450
19,375
7,750
4,500
4
$400
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
4
50
550
11,300
17,020
10,000
Gill nets, drift .
Shore and accessory property. .
$159,550
4
1,050
50
30
7,875
155,320
43,500
Total .
45,508
40,800
159,550
1,500
259,435
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
109
Intestment in the Salmon Fisheries of California, by Counties, in
1909 — Continued.
Items.
Solano.
Contra Costa.
San Joaquin.
Yolo. •
Sacramento.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
1
10
$4,000
1
5
$5, 500
1,000
19.500
10. 400
36. 400
4,000
39.500
930
36,800
21,000
58,500
4,800
64,400
10
117,113
85,000
14
30
183
10
210
23
32
300
11
322
Fishing boats, power .
Fishing boats, sail and row.. . .
House boats and scows .
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Gill nets, drift .
28
16
44
$8,400
2,900
6,600
4
17
5
21
$1,600
990
1,000
2,550
17
77
19
113
$6,800
5,170
3,650
14,320
Shore and accessory property. .
29,900
50,000
580
145
815
194, 700
394,053
18, 480
6,285
30, 755
Items.
Sutter.
Butte.
Glenn.
Tehama.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
6
$375
20
$840
6
$300
20
$1,000
3
375
10
1,000
4
400
10
1,020
Gill nets, drift .
6
600
50
2,075
600
2,150
1,400
3,915
1,300
4,170
Items.
Shasta.
Monterey.
Santa Cruz.
Total.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
4
$37, 748
Tonnage .
56
Outfit” .
3,920
63,300
91,050
128,245
13,925
5,650
167,570
1,149
10
497,393
223,000
Power boats .
41
Fishing boats, power .
24
$13,850
7,805
21
$11,000
2,600
171
Fishing boats, sail and row .
4
$200
170
13
1,158
50
House boats and scows .
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Haul seines .
2
230
a 47
Gill nets, drift .
6 1,086
Trolling lines .
886
263
Hand lines .
Shore and accessory property .
275
3,900
30,000
100
Cash capital . ' . .
Total .
705
56,441
13,963
1,232, 960
Aggregate length of 13,449 yards.
6 Aggregate length of 438,420 yards.
110 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Catch. — The total catch amounts to 12,141,937 pounds, valued at
$585,995. Contra Costa County leads in catch, followed closely by
Solano County. Nearly four-fifths of the catch was made with gill
nets, while chinook salmon comprise almost all of the catch.
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of California, by Apparatus and Species,
in 1909.
Apparatus and species.
Del Norte.
Humboldt.
Marin.
San Francisco.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
GILL NETS.
9,300
463,649
$317
16,970
524.225
27,000
50,000
20,000
$8, 532
1,220
900
1,000
5,380
$310
91,063
$4,055
23,000
690
4,700
235
621,225
11,652
500,649
18, 212
5,380
310
91,063
4,055
SEINES.
11,700
301,600
32,049
12,000
2,000
4,200
372
12,064
2,932
360
100
84
10,000
400
24,000
800
34,000
1,200
363,549
15,912
TOTAL.
21,000
765, 249
32,049
35,000
2,000
4,200
4,700
689
29,034
2,932
1,050
100
84
235
524, 225
37,000
50,000
44,000
8,532
1,620
900
1,800
5,380
310
91,063
4,055
655, 225
12,852
864, 198
34, 124
5,380
310
91,063
4,055
Apparatus and species.
Solano.
Contra Costa.
San Joaquin.
Yolo.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
GILL NETS.
3,238,788
$168, 713
3,944,902
678
$210,855
41
61,187
$2,585
197,520
$10,852
3,238,788
168,713
3,945,580
210,896
61,187
2, 585
197, 520
10,852
LINES.
3,500
270
3,500
270
TOTAL.
Chinook, fresh .
3,238, 788
168,713
3,944,902
4,178
210,855
311
61,187
2,585
197.520
10,852
Grand total .
3,238, 788
168,713
3,949,080
211,166
61,187
2,585
197, 520
10,852
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
111
Products op the Salmon Fisheries of California, by Apparatus and Species,
in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Sacramento.
Sutter.
Butte.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
GILL NETS.
599,723
$32, 690
62,119
$1,917
599,723
32,690
62, 119
1,917
SEINES.
163,022
$8, 285
163,022
8,285
TOTAL.
599, 723
32,690
62,119
1,917
163,022
8,285
599,723
32,690
62, 119
1,917
163,022
8,285
Apparatus and species.
Glenn.
Tehama.
Shasta.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
SEINES.
72, 547
$3,627
314, 102
$16,905
46,475
$2, 789
72,547
3,627
314,102
16,905
46,475
2,789
TOTAL.
72, 547
3,627
314,102
16,905
46,475
2,789
72,547
3,627
314, 102
16,905
46,475
2,789
Apparatus and species.
Monterey.
Santa Cruz.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
GILL NETS.
Blueback .
9,300
9,188,556
27,000
73,090
20,000
5,378
$317
457,479
1,220
1,590
1,000
276
Chinook, fresh. .
Chinook ’ salted .
Silver, fresh .
Silver, salted .
Steelhead trout .
Total .
9,323,234
461,882
SEINES.
Blueback .
11,700
897,746
42,049
12,000
' 26,000
4,200
372
43,670
3,332
360
900
S4
Chinook, fresh .
Chinook, salted .
Silver, fresh .
Silver, salted .
Dog .
Total .
993,695
48,718
LINES.
1,769,524
10,000
$72,634
500
37,373
4,500
111
$1,759
225
7
1,806,897
14,500
3,611
74,393
725
277
Steelhead trout .
Total .
1,779,524
73, 134
41,984
1,991
1,825,008
75,395
TOTAL.
Blueback .
21,000
11,893,199
69,049
99,500
46,000
4,200
8,989
689
575,542
4,552
2,675
1,900
84
553
1,769,524
72,634
37,373
1,759
Chinook, salted .
10,000
500
4,500
226
Silver, salted .
Dog .
Steelhead trout .
111
7
Grand total .
1,779,524
73.134 1 41.QS4
1 991
12,141,937
585,995
59395°— 11 - 34
112
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
STATISTICS BY WATERS.
Persons employed. — Of the 2,675 persons employed in the industry,
1,880 were on the Sacramento River. The next largest number was
employed on Monterey Bay.
Persons Engaged in the Salmon Fisheries of California, by Waters and
Nationalities, in 1909.
Occupation and race.
Smith
River.
Klamath
River.
Mad
River.
Eureka
Bay.
Eel
River.
Sacra¬
mento
River.
Monterey
Bay.
Total.
Fishermen:
47
37
41
7
291
1,558
133
2,114
15
15
24
144
168
47
37
41
7
291
1,582
292
2,297
Shoresmen:
17
6
13
214
26
276
15
15
•
5
5
32
6
13
219
26
296
Transporters:
3
79
112
Total:
64
40
41
13
304
1,851
159
2,472
15
15
15
15
29
144
173
Grand total. .. .
79
40
41
13
304
1,880
318
2,675
Investment, apparatus, etc— More than nine-tenths of the total
investment is represented in the Sacramento River. Trolling lines
are used in Monterey Bay.
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries of California, by Waters, in 1909.
Smith River.
Klamath River.
Mad River.
Eureka Bay.
Items.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
1
$3,248
9
7.50
23
$770
31
1,870
33
$865
7
$175
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
4
550
4
500
15
800
35
10,500
16,600
10,000
37
1,800
100
7
525
420
900
Cash capital . 7. . . . . I .
1,500
2,540
42,968
3,265
3, 100
1
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST
113
Investment in the Salmon Fisheries of California, by Waters, in
1 909 — Continued .
Items.
Eel River.
Sacramento
River.
Monterey
Bay.
Total.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
3
47
$34,500
4
56
$37, 748
3,170
63,300
66, 200
108,575
13,825
2,650
136,895
3,920
63, 300
91,050
128,245
13,925
5,650
167,570
1,149
10
497,393
223,000
41
126
668
48
26
750
41
171
1,158
50
47
1,086
Fishing boats, power .
Fishing boats, sail and row .
Scows and house boats .
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
213
2
13
242
$5,585
100
1,950
17,050
45
183
$24,850
10, 405
Gill nets, drift . . .
1,149
10
468,623
178,500
Shore and accessory property .
6,750
3,000
4,000
30,000
34, 435
1,076,248
70, 404
1,232,960
Catch. — About four-fifths of the total catch was made on the Sac¬
ramento River; Monterey Bay was second and Eel River third.
With the exception of Monterey Bay, gill nets take the largest part
of the catch on all the waters. The catch of species other than
cliinook is very small.
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of California, by Apparatus, Species, and
Waters, in 1909.
Apparatus and species.
Smith River.
Klamath River.
Mad River.
Eureka Bay.
Pounds. 1 Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
GELL NETS.
3,800
50,000
$152
2,000
40,000
20,000
$1,200
800
484, 225
7,000
50,000
20,000
$7,332
420
900
1,000
28,000
$840
12,000
360
60,000
2,000
561,225
9,652
65,800
2, 512
28,000
810
HAUL SEINES.
2, 100
28,000
6,000
7,000
84
1,120
360
210
10,000
400
24,000
800
34,000
1,200
43,100
1,774
TOTAL.
5,900
78,000
6,000
19,000
236
3, 120
360
570
Chinook, fresh .
40,000
30,000
1,200
1,200
484, 225
7,000
50,000
20,000
7,332
420
900
1,000
28,000
840
24,000
800
94,000
3,200
561, 225
9,652
108,900
4,286
28,000
840
114 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Products of the Salmon Fisheries of California, by Apparatus, Species, and
Waters, in 1909 — Continued.
Apparatus and species.
Eel River.
Sacramento River.
Monterey Bay.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
GILL NETS.
5,500
385,649
8165
14, 130
9, 300
9, 188, 556
27,000
73,000
20,000
5,378
$327
457,479
1,220
1,590
1,000
276
8,200,682
$431,977
11,000
330
4,700
235
678
41
406,849
14,860
8,201,360 1 432,018
9,323,234
461,892
HAUL SEINES.
9,600
273,600
26,049
4,200
5,000
2,000
288
10,944
2,572
84
150
100
11,700
897,746
42, 049
4,200
12,000
26,000
372
43,670
3,332
84
360
900
596, 146
31,606
320. 449
14, 138
596, 146
31,606
993,695
48,718
LINES.
1,806,897
14,500
111
$74,393
725
7
1,806,897
14, 500
3,611
74,393
725
277
Steelhead trout .
3,500
270
3,500
270
1,821,508
75, 125
1,825,008
75, 395
TOTAL.
15, 100
659, 249
26,049
4,200
16,000
2,000
4, 700
453
25,074
2,572
84
480
100
235
21.000
11,893,199
69,049
4,200
99, 500
46,000
8, 9S9
689
575, 542
4,552
84
2,675
1,900
553
8, 796,828
463, 583
1,806,897
74,393
Chinook, salted . .
Dog, or chirm . .
14, 500
725
Silver, salted .
Steelhead trout .
4, 178
311
111
7
727, 298
28,998
8,801,006
463,894
1,821,508
75, 125
12, 141,937
585,995
Products canned. — But one cannery was operated in 1909, and that
at Requa, on the Klamath River. The pack of this cannery was
5,663 cases of 1-pound flat chinooks, which sold for $28,315.
Miscellaneous secondary 'products. — Mild-cured and smoked salmon
comprise the secondary products prepared.
Pack of Miscellaneous Secondary Products in California, by Waters, in 1909.
Products.
Eel River.
Sacramento River.
Monterey Bay.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Mild-cured:
Chinook .
64,000
$6,400
4,095, 162
$450,019
728,800
$64, 049
4,887,962
$520, 468
Smoked:
Chinook .
50,000
3,000
5,000
300
56, 550
4,660
8,943
326
4,000
700
110, 550
7,660
14,643
626
Silver .
Total .
53,000
5, 300
61,210
9,269
4,000
700
118, 210
15, 269
Grand total .
117,000
11,700
4,156,372
459,288
732, S00
64,749
5,006,172
535, 737
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
115
ALASKA.
The season of 1909 was a very quiet one in Alaska. Owing to
the expected quadrennial heavy run of sockeye salmon on Puget
Sound, several cannery men who operate there and in Alaska shut
down their Alaska plants and devoted all their energies to the Sound,
which materially reduced the amount of fishing gear used in Alaska,
and as a consequence the total quantity of products produced. In
western Alaska the ice hampered operations in the early part of the
season, but, with the exception of the Ugashik and Ugaguk Rivers,
the runs were fairly good. The weather was very severe on Nus-
hagak Bay and as a result eight fishermen lost their lives there by
drowning. In Central Alaska the run of salmon in the neighbor¬
hood of Karluk fell off very materially as compared with 1908, but
in Chignik the usual good run appeared. In southeast Alaska,
except in the lower portion, the run was very good, but the cannery
men packed no more of the cheaper grades than they felt could be
disposed of at the then unremunerative prices prevailing.
Persons engaged .—The total number of persons engaged in the
Alaska salmon fisheries was 11,433. Western Alaska leads in the
total number, followed by southeast and central Alaska in the order
named. A large- number of Indians are employed in this industry.
Persons Engaged in the Alaska Salmon Fisheries in 1909.
Occupation and race.
Southeast
Alaska.
Central
Alaska.
Western
Alaska.
Total.
Fishermen:
Whites .
662
400
1,424
2,486
Indians .
982
184
10
1,176
Japanese.... .
13
13
Total .
1,657
584
1,434
3,675
Shoresmen:
Whites .
442
277
1,192
1,911
Indians .
815
124
307
1,246
Chinese .
546
377
1,069
1,992
Japanese .
348
356
1,432
2, 136
Total .
2, 151
1,134
4,000
7,285
Transporters:
Whites .
148
108
187
443
Indians .
13
17
30
Total .
161
125
187
473
Total:
Whites .
1,252
785
2,803
317
4,840
2,452
1,992
2, 149
l’810
325
'546
377
1,069
361
356
1,432
Grand total .
3,969
1,843
5,621
11,433
116
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST
Investments, apparatus, etc. — The total investment amounted to
$13,948,271. Gill nets predominate, while purse and haul seines and
stationary traps are important.
Investment in the Alaska Salmon Fisheries in 1909.
Items.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Num¬
ber.
Value.
Transporting vessels:
Power vessels .
69
1,173
$263,256
25
1,482
$213,019
39
3,236
$591,669
133
5,891
$1,067,944
65,814
158,000
53,255
289,000
147,917
638,400
266,986
1,085,400
Sailing vessels .
5
7,434
9
14, 270
29
38,057
43
59,761
15,800
11,760
30,000
25,981
38, 175
34,405
12,451
27, 188
34,030
79, 700
19, 750
523
30
1,788,902
2,223,493
28,900
8,400
63,840
4,680
108,540
24,840
30,000
211,671
171,005
90,555
27,731
27,188
111,756
130, 794
21,250
523
30
5,601,259
4, 970, 799
Power boats .
11
60
766
98
13
45
98
256
36
14
4
2
17
60
1,821
310
43
«94
b 98
cl, 209
73
15
Fishing boats, sail and row. . .
Scows and house boats .
Pile drivers .
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Haul seines .
300
79
15
49
21,215
30,930
29,850
15,280
755
133
15
164,475
101,900
26,300
Gill nets, drift .
Traps, stationary .
Traps, floating .
57
20
1
11,020
29,450
1,500
896
* 17
66, 706
21,644
20
20
Shore" and accessory property .
1,200, 716
890,531
2,611,641
1,856,775
4,829,258
2,823,066
6,295,947
13,948,271
a Aggregate length of 30,430 yards. c Aggregate length of 301,480 yards.
b Aggregate length of 35,670 yards.
Catch. — The total catch amounted to 175,934,060 pounds, valued
at $1,333,344. Red or sockeye salmon comprise almost two-thirds
of the total catch. As compared with 1908, the catch of all species,
except king salmon, decreased very materially, due to causes described
elsewhere.
Catch, by Species and Apparatus, in the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska in 1909.
Apparatus and
species.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Poimds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
SEINES.
Coho, or silver .
991,062
3, 102, 192
22,288,020
6.446
6,426,325
$13,214
5,817
55, 720
193
102,821
313,548
$2, 090
1,304,610
3,102,192
22,798,216
92,400
16,620,490
$15,304
5,817
56,677
388
184,374
Humpback , or pink
King, or spring .
Red, or sockeye. . ...
Total .
TRAPS.
Coho, or silver .
Dog, or chum .
Humpback, orpink.
King, or spring .
Red, or sockeye . . .
Total .
510, 196
85,954
10,194,165
957
195
81,553
32,814,045
177, 765
11,103,863
84, 795
43,917,908
262,560
673,278
2, 699, 160
14,515,760
112,354
5,362,896
8,977
5,061
36,289
3,371
71,505
539,508
14, 960
981,904
10,762,775
3,597
28
2,232
86, 102
59,580
811,648
60
68,112
2,540,055
$397
1,015
1
155
20,320
1,272,366
3,510,808
14, 530, 780
1,162,370
18,665,726
12,971
6,076
36,318
5,758
177,927
23,363,448
125,203
12,299, 147
91.959
3, 479, 455
21,888
39,142,050
239,050
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
117
Catch, by Species and Apparatus, in the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska in
1909 — Continued .
Apparatus and
species.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
GILL NETS.
473,070
72.328
509, 688
1,510, 498
2,391.990
$6,308
136
1,274
45,315
38,272
428,358
2, 770, 720
127,244
2,835,646
75,669,360
$6,010
3.554
796
10, 781
605,355
901,428
2,843,048
636.932
4, 743,442
80.501,270
$12,318
3,690
2.070
56, 998
663, 146
H urnpback, or pink .
King, or spring .
Red, or soekeye -
397,298
2,439,920
$902
19,519
4,957,574
91,305
2.837,218
20, 421
81,831,328
626,496
89,626, 120
48,000
2, 961,332
11.650
738,222
640
88,840
400
LINES.
48, 000
2,961,332
11,650
640
88, 840
400
3,020.982
89, 880
3,020,982
89,880
SPEARS.
Red, or soekeye -
TOTAL.
Coho, or silver .
227,000
3,632
227,000
3,632
2,185,410
5,873,680
37.313,468
4,590,630
14,408,211
11,650
29,139
11,014
93,283
137, 719
216,230
400
853,056
5,687
487,938
3,582,368
127,304
2.903,758
78, 209, 415
6, 407
4,569
797
10, 936
625,675
3,526,404
9,456.048
37.965,928
8,959,544
116,014.486
11,650
41,233
15,583
95,065
151.984
1,029,079
400
H urnpback , or p i nk .
King, or spring .
Red, or soekeye -
525,156
1,465,156
23,396, 860
985
3,329
187, 174
• Grand total . .
64,383,049
487, 785
26,240,228
197. 175
8-5,310,783
648.384
175,934,060
1,333,344
Products canned. — -The total canned pack amounted to 2,403,669
pound and half-pound cases, valued at $9,438,152. More than two-
thirds of the pack was composed of red salmon. Three canneries were
not operated, which very materially reduced the size of the pack.
Output of Salmon from the Canneries in Alaska in 1909, by Species and Size
of Cans.®
Products.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Coho, or silver:
1,206
38, 714
$5 , 543
155, 431
1,206
55, 350
$5,543
225,486
1-pound tall .
Total .
Dog, or chum:
1-pound tall .
Humpback, or pink:
1-pound tall .
King, or spring:
1-pound tall .
Red, or soekeye:
4-pound flat .
1-pound flat .
1-pound tall .
Total .
Grand total....
10,275
$43,155
6,361
$26,900
39, 920
160,974
10,275
43,155
6.361
26, 900
56.556
231,029
83,001
186,454
37,711
87, 656
120.712
274,110
455,999
1,092,389
6,581
13,394
3,293
9,056
464,873
1,114.839
857
3,598
16, 913
74,418
30,264
129,608
48, 034
207,624
14,898
80,200
185, 444
‘ 58,535
209.962
825,926
2,936
355, 349
15,539
1,625,371
1,487
2,057
1,071,123
5,353
11,108
4, 858, 756
16,385
85. 193
1,611,916
63,888
236,609
7,310,053
280,542
1.094,423
358,285
1,640,910
1,074.667
4,875,217
1,713,494
7.610,550
860,319
2,537,838
391,054
1,771,877
1,152,296
5,128,437
2,403,669
9.438,152
a All l-pound cases contain forty-eight 1-pound cans; the I-pound cases contain forty-eight 1-pound
cans. Reduced to a common basis of cases containing forty-eight 1-pound cans the pack is 2,395,4771 cases.
118
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Miscellaneous products. — The total miscellaneous products pre¬
pared amounted to 9,473,005 pounds, valued at $374,324. Owing to
the low prices prevailing for pickled salmon, the pack of such very
materially declined. Restrictive regulations in regard to the pickling
of salmon bellies also aided in reducing the pack. The mild-cured
pack shows a gratifying increase over 1908.
Miscellaneous Secondary Salmon Products Prepared in Alaska in 1909.
Products.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Frozen:
35, 721
77,882
9,450
$1,072
1,558
473
35,721
77,882
9,450
$1,072
1,558
473
123,053
3,103
123,053
3,103
Mild-cured:
1,833,600
149,300
1,833,600
149,300
Pickled:
Coho, or silver .
40,400
1,405
17,800
227,750
$810
3,843
5,400
$270
63,600
227, 750
7,000
311,400
11,200
169,480
88,200
7,000
5,301,500
783,600
2,485
3,843
190
9,405
224
7,396
3,798
175
167,298
13,902
Dog, or chum .
3,000
311,400
11,200
123,480
6,200
7,000
90
9,405
224
6,896
248
175
4,000
100
Humpback bellies .
King, or spring .
46,000
500
82,000
3,550
Red, or sockeye .
437,800
783,600
17,319
13, 902
4,863,700
149,979
Total .
Dry-salted and dried:
Coho backs .
502,680
18,443
1,512,950
36,374
4,955,100
153,899
6,970,730
208,716
14,500
549
14.500
71,600
51.500
800
83,000
549
1,038
545
45
2,302
Dog .
71,600
50,000
800
1,038.
500
45
Humpback backs .
1,500
45
83,000
2,302
122, 400
1,583
99,000
2,896
221,400
4,479
Smoked:
4,000
400
4,000
585
40,300
400
43
2,780
Dog .
585
43
Redbacks .
Total .
Fertilizer .
28,300
1,580
12,000
1,200
585
43
32,300
1,980
12,000
1,200
44,885
3,223
159,224
120,113
2,287
3,216
159.224
a 120, 113
2,287
3,216
Oil .
Grand total .
2,862,202
177,975
1,644,250
41,250
4,967,100
155,099
9,473,005
374,324
a Represents 10,015 gallons.
As the fisheries of Alaska are carried on almost wholly in innumer¬
able bays, straits, and sounds, but little being done in the rivers, it
does not seem desirable to show them by waters, owing to the amount
of space required for the tables.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
119
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
The canned salmon pack of British Columbia was the only branch
of the salmon industry of the Province which could be shown by
species. Owing to the quadrennially heavy run occurring in the
Fraser River in 1909, the pack of British Columbia is quite large.
The pack is shown by water areas.
Pack of Canned Salmon in British Columbia, Canada, in 1909.
Species.
Fraser River.
Skeena River.
Rivers Inlet.
Nass River.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Coho, or silver:
710
5, 735
15,459
$1,988
27,528
64,928
1,158
$3,242
264
176
1,092
$739
845
4,586
11,671
49,034
6,818
$28,636
21,904
94,444
12,829
52,276
1,532
6,170
6,818
28,636
Dogs, or chums:
725
1,740
12,000
28,800
Humpback, or pink:
227
1,053
624
2,527
40
16,080
110
38,640
3,589
8,614
1,280
3,151
16, 120
38, 750
3,589
8,614
King, or spring:
_
304
47
1,216
282
56
224
1,167
176
173
7,032
516
934
12,025
444
64,935
2,886
388
1,095
2,309
12,469
1,516
8,482
12, 469
67,821
739
2,593
2,365
12,693
Sockeye, or red:
309,634
243,697
1,238,536
1,462,182
72,838
19, 789
2,600
30,393
291,352
118, 734
8,580
164, 122
51,520
28,750
10,280
29,377
206,080
172, 500
33,924
158,636
11,162
2,070
44,648
12,420
126,597
17,650
683,624
75,013
20, 189
109,021
406
2,639
8,312
49,872
Total .
705,890
3,509,227
125,620
582,788
119,927
571,140
33,827
168,728
Grand total .
731,315
3,617,044
181,038
770, 435
122, 198
579,903
46, 599
218,671
120
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST
Pack of Canned Salmon in British Columbia, Canada, in 1909 — Continued.
Species.
Northern miscel¬
laneous waters.
Vancouver Island.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Coho, or silver:
2,132
5,911
61,520
$5,969
28,373
258,400
13,071
$54,898
13, 409
$56,318
13,071
54,898
13,409
56,318
69,563
292,742
Dogs, or chums:
1,568
3,763
2,280
5,472
16,573
39,775
Humpback, or pink:
2,000
4,000
5,500
9,600
2,267
27,722
6,234
66,581
3,000
7,200
3,000
7,200
4,000
15, 100
29,989
72,815
King, or spring:
360
1,214
176
17,613
444
1,440
7,314
516
94,110
2,886
2,218
11,977
500
2,700
2,218
11,977
500
2,700
19,807
106, 266
Sockeye, or red:
18,806
75,224
19,800
20, 400
79,200
122,400
483,760
314,706
12,880
277,893
17, 650
406
8,312
1,935,040
1,888,236
42,504
1,500,623
75,013
2,639
49,872
J-pound tall .
29, 694
160,348
41,643
224,872
1-pound oval .
Total .
48,500
235,572
81,843
426,472
1,115,607
5,493,927
68,357
313,410
102,032
506,062
ol,251,539
6,005,525
a All pound cases contain forty-eight 1-pound cans; the J-pound cases contain forty-eight t-pound cans.
Reduced to a common basis of cases containing forty-eight" 1-pound cans the pack is 993,060 eases.
VIII. STATISTICAL DATA FOR OTHER YEARS.
CANNING INDUSTRY OF PACIFIC COAST FROM 1864 TO 1910.
From the beginning of the canning of salmon on this coast it has
been the most important branch of the industry, and the table below
shows in condensed form the number of cases packed in each year on
the Pacific coast of North America from the beginning of the industry
in 1864 to 1910.
As British Columbia is a Province of the Dominion of Canada it
does not come strictly within the scope of this report, but in order to
show the pack of canned salmon on the North American shores of the
Pacific Ocean, which would be incomplete without that of the
Province, it has been included also.
Pack of Canned Salmon on the Pacific Coast, by Years and Waters.
I860.
1807.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881 .
1882.
1883.
1S84.
1885.
1880.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1S90.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
Total
Year.
Puget
Sound.
Grays
Harbor.
Willapa
Harbor.
Columbia
River.
Coastal
streams
of Oregon.
Smith
River, Cal.
Cases.
Cases.
5. 500
238
1,300
5,100
8.500
7,900
1.500
5.500
12, 000
17,000
22, 000
21,975
11,674
8,000
20, 529
26,426
89, 774
95,400
179, 96S
195,664
494,026
400, 200
919, 611
469,450
1,380, 590
581,659
478. 488
291.488
1,018.641
430, 602
698, 080
448, 765
1,632,949
567,883
5,420
37,000
22, 500
500
8,000
16, 500
14, 500
22,000
16, 195
21,400
15, 100
11,449
22, 600
21,274
24, 941
13, 300
29,600
12, 100
21,420
24, 240
21,314
30,800
26, 300
41,500
34,000
31,500
39, 492
5,890
27.559
26. 400
22,050
14, 950
22, 000
14, 440
14,000
13, 382
14, 000
20, 457
19, 787
12,024
51,130
14,508
10,548, 380
459,509
Cases.
Cases.
4,000
18, 000
28,000
100,000
150, 000
200,000
250,000
250, 000
350,000
375,000
450, 000
380, 000
460,000
480,000
530, 000
550, 000
541,300
629, 400
620, 000
553,800
448, 500
356,000
372, 477
309, 885
435. 774
398, 953
487, 338
415, 876
490, 100
634.696
481.697
552, 721
487, 944
332. 774
358, 772
390, 183
317, 143
339, 577
395, 104
397, 273
394,898
324, 171
253,341
274,087
391,415
Cases.
7,804
16,634
8,571
7,772
12,320
19, 186
16,156
12, 376
9,310
49, 147
73. 996
92, 863
98,800
47,009
24, 500
83, 600
52, 778
54,815
77,878
87,360
60, 158
75, 679
82,041
12, 237
58, 618
44, 236
54, 861
98,874
89, 055
107, 332
79,712
52, 478
58,169
103, 617
418,013
16, 960, 199
1,829,942
Cases.
4,277
7, 500
1,500
1,500
2,250
19, 374
Dl
122
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST
Pack of Canned Salmon on the Pacific Coast, by Years and Waters — Con
Year.
Klamath
River, Cal.
Eel River,
Cal.
Sacramento
River.
Alaska.
British
Columbia.
Total.
1864 .
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
2,000
2,000
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.a
2,000
2, 000
4,000
18,000
28. 000
100, 000
150,000
200, 000
250, 000
250, 000
352, 500
378, 000
467,247
481, 691
629, 191
577, 349
687,010
930, 573
1,030,592
981,831
907, 918
857,042
848, 976
899, 256
1,217, 792
1,614,066
1,609, 696
1,578,746
1,354,083
1,876, 915
1,887,150
2, 169, 848
2,408,812
3,124,609
2, 484, 722
3, 257, 825
3,091,542
5, 186, 407
4,194,558
3,607,073
3,276,882
4, 607, 087
3,817, 776
3,522,506
3,962,317
5,393,670
4,316, 453
1865 .
1866. .
1867 .
1868 .
1869 .
1870 .
1871 .
1872. .
1873 .
1874 .
2,500
3,000
10, 000
21.500
34,017
13,855
62,000
181,200
200, 000
123, 000
81,450
90,000
39.300
36. 500
68,075
57. 300
25,065
10,353
2,281
23,336
28,463
25, 185
13, 387
38, 543
29, 731
32, 580
39, 304
17. 500
14,043
8,200
14, 407
2,780
1875 .
1876 .
7,247
58, 387
89, 946
61,093
61,849
169,576
240, 461
163,438
123, 706
108, 517
152, 964
204,083
184, 040
417,211
411,257
314, 511
248, 721
610, 202
492, 232
587, 692
617, 782
1,027,183
492, 551
765,519
606, 540
1,247, 212
627, 161
473, 847
465, 894
1,167,822
629, 460
547,459
566, 303
993, 060
760, 830
1877 .
8,500
10,500
1878 .
8, 159
12,530
6,539
8,977
21,745
48,337
64, 886
83,415
142,065
206,677
412, 115
719, 196
682, 591
801,400
474,717
643,654
686,440
626,530
966, 707
909,078
965,097
1,078, 146
1,548,139
2, 016, 804
2,536,824
2, 246, 210
1,953,756
1,894, 516
2,219,044
2,169,873
2,606, 973
2,395,477
2,413,054
1879 .
1880 .
6,250
1881 .
1882 .
1883 .
1884 .
1885 .
1886 .
1887 .
1888 .
4,400
1889 .
1890 .
1891 .
1892 .
1893 .
1,600
1,700
1,600
1894 .
1895 .
1896 .
1897 .
1898 .
1899 .
1,600
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
2,500
1903 .
1904 .
3,400
1905 .
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
5,633
8,016
1910 .
6,000
30,449
31,250
1,352,855
33, 569, 671
15, 695, 756
80,593,711
a Reduced to a common basis of forty-eight 1-pound cans to the case.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
123
CANNING INDUSTRY, BY SPECIES AND WATERS.
The tables below show separately, by waters and as far as possible
by species, the salmon canned on the Pacific coast from the beginning
of the industry until 1910. It is only within recent years that the
published statistics have shown the pack of the different species sep¬
arately. In the early years of canning, the chinook, or quinnat,
salmon was used exclusively, the other species not being utilized until
the chinook had begun to decrease in abundance, or a demand had
arisen for a cheaper product. There is a very great difference in the
selling value of the highest and lowest grades, and it is necessaiy to
have complete statistical data now in order intelligently to compre¬
hend the trend of the industry. While every effort has been made
to make these tables complete, there are, unfortunately, some gaps
which it was found impossible to fill.
Pack of Canned Salmon on Puget Sound from 1877 to 1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
Chinook.
Blueback.
Silver.
can¬
neries.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1877
1
5,000
238
1878
1
1879. .
i
1,300
85, 690
1880
1
1881
1
.
1882
1
.
1883
1
1884. . .
i
1885. . .
1886. . .
1887. .
1888 .
4
1
1889 .
2
240
SI, 200
5,000
2,101
473
7,480
3,000
5,869
37,400
1890. .
1
1,000
382
15,000
19,368
24, 500
1891 .
2
5,538
824, 921
1892 . . .
2
86
2,951
11,816
7,206
11,812
1893 .
3
1,200
6,480
47, 852
103,371
188,014
273, 108
59,060
89,672
154, 218
1894 .
3
41,781
65, 143
22,418
50, 865
82,640
1895 .
7
1,542
13,495
9,500
7,325
1896 .
11
67; 475
39,045
72,979
312,048
350, 299
264,448
282, 133
1897 .
12
1,248, 192
91,900
1898 .
18
11,200
24,364
50, 624
103,180
134, 100
252,000
499,646
229,800
1,058,400
2,368,334
1,149,000
98,600
111,387
335, 240
418, 176
1899 .
19
1900 .
19
22,350
128,200
512, 800
1901 .
1902 .
21
30,049
14, 500
14,441
1,804
150, 245
72, 500
69, 352
372,301
2,047,655
1,003,260
653,871
85, 817
103,450
429,085
1903 .
22
167,211
413, 800
1904 .
13
109, 264
118,127
447. 851
1905 .
24
9,922
48,834
16,326
825, 453
4,952, 718
1,251,236
79,335
337, 174
1906 .
16
8,139
1,814
95, 210
178, 748
93, 122
170,951
1,097,904
248,014
94,497
119,472
128,922
143,133
162, 755
472,485
1907 .
14
698,416
476, 288
644,922
630, 446
1908 .
11
666, 470
1,196,657
6,183,300
1,673, 095
1909 .
24
13,019
10,064
72, 604
1910 .
15
60,324
895, 153
124
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
Pack of Canned Salmon on Puget Sound from 1877 to 1910 — Continued.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1S88.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can-
Dog.
neries.
Cases.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
1
2
2
3
3
7
11
12
18
19
19
1,145
4,000
3,093
16,180
11,380
22, 152
38,785
26, 550
23,310
38,400
31,481
89, 100
21
22
13
24
16
14
11
24
15
93,492
12,001
49, 656
41,057
149,218
50,249
47, 607
53,688
146, 942
• Humpback.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Total.
Value.
500
$3,435
12, 000
10,825
56, 630
31,295
60,918
94,741
73, 013
64, 103
105, 600
86,427
245,025
2,809
5,647
17,530
9,049
23, 633
57, 268
252, 733
$7, 584
15,246
47,331
24,432
62, 556
171,804
734, 241
467, 460
30, 002
124, 254
102, 643
708, 781
150, 847
142, 821
128,916
514,297
181, 326
407 984
70,992
212,976
433, 423
1,300,269
6,075
18,225
370,993
902, 342
108
388
5.500
238
1,300
5,100
8.500
7,900
1.500
5.500
12,000
17,000
22,000
21,975
11,674
8,000
20,529
26,426
89, 774
95, 400
179,968
195, 664
494,026
400, 200
919,611
469,450
1,380,590
581,659
478.488
291.488
1,018,641
430,602
698,080
448, 765
1,632,949
567, 883
$5,690
126,356
49,619
32,000
72, 461
93,419
247,537
363,036
591,948
755, 235
1,805,277
1,549,864
3,710,358
1,940,925
3,094,445
1,927,546
1,295,328
5,615,433
2,481,336
2, 642. 146
2,669,095
7,917,608
3,143,256
Pack of Canned Salmon on Grays Harbor from 1878 to 1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Silver.
Dog or chum.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1878 .
i
i
5,420
$29, 268
1879 .
1880 .
1881 .
1882 .
1883 .
1884 .
1885 .
1886 .
1887 .
1888 .
4
37,000
$212, 750
1889 .
1890 .
1891 .
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
500
9,000
12,000
4,100
8,876
9,278
8,300
4,800
15,740
12,900
$1,500
30, 780
48,000
16, 400
28,403
29,689
23,481
16, 320
59, 025
51, 600
500
16.500
22,000
21,400
11,449
21,274
13,300
12, 100
24,240
30,800
41.500
31.500
1.500
55,585
85, 350
91, 400
35, 527
57, 990
40, 222
45, 422
89, 025
115, 900
1892 .
4, 500
4,500
12, 300
56
7, 816
3.100
5.100
5,000
6,700
$15,390
22. 500
61.500
202
36, 806
11,741
23,052
21,250
33.500
3,000
5.500
5,000
2, 517
4,180
1,900
2,200
3.500
11,200
$9,415
14,850
13,500
6,922
11,495
5,000
6,050
8,750
30,800
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
1896 .
1897 .
1898 .
1899 .
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
1
4,000
20,000
10,000
45,000
17, 500
70,000
135, 000
1903 .
1904 .
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
4, 339
2,050
2,500
1,000
1,000
5,721
15, 495
20,163
9,225
10, 000
7,000
7,000
20,819
90, 718
14,904
13,000
11, 500
9,500
9,500
9,019
21, 768
51,854
52,000
43, 900
47, 500
47, 500
38,146
108,840
8,316
7,000
8,000
3,500
3,500
5,047
13, 867
21,022
18, 200
21.500
11.500
11,500
11.608
48, 534
27, 559
22, 050
22, 000
14, 000
14,000
“ 19. 787
b 51, 130
*93, 039
79,425
75, 400
66,000
66, 000
70,573
248,092
1905 .
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1910 .
“ Also 1,649 cases, valued at $9,051, with sockeyes brought from Puget Sound.
b Also 4,350 cases of “ Quiniault, ” or sockeye salmon.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
125
Pack of Canned Salmon on Willapa Harbor from 1887 to 1910.
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1S92
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
Y ear.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook or Black.
Silver.
Dog.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases,
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
3
22,500
*129,375
1
8.000
*24,000
8,000
24, 000
i
3,000
*10, 260
9,000
30, 780
2,500
*7,745
14,500
48, 785
i
1,700
9,180
7,895
31,580
6,600
18, 150
16, 195
58,910
i
2,700
14,580
5,600
22,400
6,800
18, 700
15, 100
55, 680
2
4,636
23, 180
13,047
41,150
4,917
13,222
22,600
77, 552
2
4,551
22, 755
11,940
38.208
8,450
21,238
24,941
82, 201
1
8,100
33,291
14, 600
44,822
6, 900
18,975
29,600
97,088
2
5,865
26,510
9,809
33,351
5,746
15, 802
21,420
75, 663
3
5,650
25,425
10, 675
40,031
4,989
13,720
21,314
79, 176
3
6,700
33,500
12,400
49, 600
7,200
19,800
26, 300
102, 900
34, 000
2
5,836
29,180
9,128
41,076
24,528
97,112
39,492
167, 368
1
2,300
13,800
2,390
10, 755
1,200
3.300
5,890
27,855
2
3,000
12, 000
7,400
28,440
16.000
38, 700
26, 400
79, 140
2
4,650
20,925
4,300
17, 200
6,000
15, 000
14,950
53,125
2
4,000
16,000
5,340
21,360
5,100
13, 260
14,440
50,620
2
3,530
15,354
9,228
36,682
624
2,496
13,382
54,532
2
4,017
20, 585
5,923
23,692
10,517
36, 809
20.457
81,086
1
1,455
5, 869
4,822
17, 359
5, 747
13,163
12,024
36,391
1
2,923
15,077
5,096
25,480
3. 489
22, 711
14,508
63,268
Pack of Canned Salmon on the Columbia River from the Inception of the Industry to 1910.
126
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaiisgfeiiiii
§§§§§§§§§§§§§i§§§s§§iis8ggss§35g3£ss3g§
£§§888381358
:88iS83g83£3§
lassssa's^sas'
sss
98$
sss
!8 is
■u is
ill
:S8S“
111
5mS
is il : i ;g§
is
§11
22°
:S3883S33S
:|S£¥s¥SSS
SIS
isa
:£§bI18§Is
i^S5T85S88?
32S
SSS
!SS3i8SS33883
;§lW£gs'sW
SSI
8S'8“
;£3SS5S§3§S88
iSfcSgggsSSSSiS
sis
£“2
isissssssg&ss
iiiiiliWiiss
:§SS££§§33S38
gi
sis
:SSS :::::: :8SS?!K3KaKSa:
l!lllilllll§!lilllllllllilllllll!ll!l!!
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
127
D$©00 00 00
NOSfOOO’f
CO^COOOOTjt
ci r— i t'- co »o
cT Cl r-H r-T r-T cT
<M OOrH CO © T*
tC TjTcO tjT r-T
05 05 C) IO N 03
CO CO CO Cl <N CO
o S S CO
00»0 05NcO't
05 CO lO © t-^ io
r-H <M CD T* ci GO
•OOiOCCi-TCO
*"• <30 lO GO to »0
iP rC cfco'-r^ CO
OJ Cl CJ rH CJ CO
OONNOOM
Cl lO CO I- CM
00 t'. rt^ rH Oi
CD < »—t tH CI GO
CS ^ CO CO CD
00 CM
co
co
00 CD -tfi ,-H 00
CD H O CO O CO
t''* 00 lO lO 05 M
r>^io oo tC'co'
CD CO CD UO
O CO CO 05 CO 00
05 05 Oi uo lO
*p cd oo 05 o
o O O O O —t
C5 05 05 05 05 05
a tc
3 3
®p^
rP 00
3 o
o 03
^ ft
$ e
>>2
0^1
o.ti
s*
+2 T3
3 15
M ~
o o
c3 OT
ft C3
a; <y
gb
£<m
§2
CO**
<M 4-S
03
*3
TJ 3
a>^2
Is:
a> o3
a-g,
o %
o 0
3 3
<M^_
-°
59395°— 11 - 35
128
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Pack of Canned Salmon on the Nehalem River, Oreg., from 1887 to 1910.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Cases.
Value.
Silver.
Cases.
Value.
Dog.
Cases.
Value.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
5,000
$30,000
1,692
1,627
1,752
2,828
3.384
3,808
1.384
$6, 768
6,508
7,008
8, 484
10, 152
9,891
5, 536
10, 000
5,031
4,866
5,152
5,218
8, 366
5,700
7,405
$40,000
20, 124
19, 464
16, 486
15,654
25,098
19,380
26,658
1,288
$3,864
6,000
9,000
3,500
10,000
6,723
6,493
6,904
8, 046
11,750
9,508
10,077
268
271
686
500
2,700
3,987
4,000
5,000
1,985
3,500
1,139
1,431
3,670
2,500
16,200
23,922
10,542
3,273
3,169
4,615
5,000
2,900
4,976
6,600
6,100
4,554
5, 400
13,092
13, 468
19,614
20, 000
12, 325
14, 928
2,669
2,570
7,206
10, 280
20, 253
6,000
6,000
2,057
2,000
2,016
909
1,500
12,000
15,000
5,143
6,210
6,010
5, 301
11,500
11,600
11,020
12,600
2,091
7, 448
10,400
32,000
45,500
14,000
40,000
26, 892
25,972
23, 494
24,138
35,250
29,271
36,058
21,437
25, 179
34, 500
43, 525
42,993
32, 886
Pack of Canned Salmon on Tillamook Bay, Oreg., from 1886 to 1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Silver.
Dog.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1886 .
2
2
2
37,000
21,000
14,633
9,500
14,009
1887 .
$115,500
84, 140
52,250
79,049
1888 .
1889 .
. . . M .
1890 .
1891 .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1892 .
18,000
4,000
7,763
6, 514
4,860
9,000
10, 342
3,889
$72, 000
16,000
31,052
20, 845
14,580
27,000
35, 162
14,036
18,000
11,416
9,163
13,515
7,060
11,000
15,342
11,190
72,000
35,285
35, 602
40,098
21, 180
33,000
48, 162
38,119
1893 .
497
700
$1,988
2,800
6,919
700
7,001
$17,297
1,750
19,253
1894 .
1895 .
1896 .
2,200
2,000
5,000
2,180
6,600
6,000
13,000
8,720
1897 .
1898 .
1899 .
5, 121
15,363
1900 .
1901 .
848
215
4,240
1,135
2,133
2,287
2,727
4, 400
1,700
2,364
3,410
6,000
5,029
4,500
9,598
9,720
11,590
17,600
7,650
7,092
3,901
4,093
2,620
6,500
8,800
1,270
2,314
4,000
3,712
2,000
10, 728
16,372
10, 480
13, 000
22,000
3,175
6,882
6,595
5,347
10, 900
11,600
5,504
7,724
24,566
27,227
22,070
30, 600
36,250
21,487
1902 .
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
1,100
1,870
2,000
2,300
2,615
2,900
6,600
11,220
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
15, 663
21,809
8,538
11,356
9,400
46,010
1910 .
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
129
Pack of Canned Salmon on Nestucca River, Oreg., from 1887 to 1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
Chinook.
Silver.
Dog.
Total.
can¬
neries.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1887 .
i
4,300
$23,650
28,750
36, 850
18S8. .
i
5', 000
6, 700
18S9 .
1890 . . .
1891
1
1892 .
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
1896 .
1897. . .
1898.
1899 .
i
1,109
$4, 436
3,034
$10,922
513
$1,539
4,656
16,897
1900 .
i
1901 .
i
279
1,116
3,553
13,323
396
1,089
4,228
15,528:
1902 .
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
i
3,000
2,622
18, 000
1,000
4.250
400
1,000
4,400
23,250
23,549
1906 .
i
15; 732
2, 468
7,404
165
'413
5,255
1907...
i
2,100
3; 540
3,000
150
5,790
1908...
i
2^000
100
1909 .
1910.
i
2,000
3,300
140
5, 440
Pack of Canned Salmon on Siletz River, Oreg., from 1896 to 1910.
Year.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Cases. Value,
2,500
3,510
3.200
2.200
876
600
$7,500
10, 530
8,360
9,900
4,380
3, 168
Silver.
Cases.
1,900
5,015
4,330
2,319
3,740
1,917
Value.
$5,700
15,045
14, 722
8,696
16,830
8,147
Dog.
Cases. Value
360
500
$550
1,260
2,000
Total.
Cases. Value
4,400
8,525
7,530
4,719
4,976
3,017
$13,200
25,575
23,082
19, 146
22, 470
13,315
1,000
1,500
2,635
2,333
2,100
5,000
9,000
15, 810
3.300
1.700
3,192
4. 300
4.700
13,200
7,225
9, 576
1,000
900
167
200
300
2,000
2,250
418
5,300
4.100
5,994
6,833
7. 100
20,200
18, 475
25,804
2,200
4,600
250
7,050
130 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Pack of Canned Salmon on Yaquina Bay and River, Oreg., from 1887 to 1910
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Silver.
Dog.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
2
3
5,088
5,000
$29, 256
27,500
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1,714
$5, 142
615
$1,845
2,329
6,987
1
2
1
1
170
316
442
1, 422
1,530
3,234
5,202
12, 127
1, 700
4, 850
5,644
17, 124
.
1,300
$3, 575
.
.
96
480
2,848
12, 816
549
1,647
3,493
14, 943
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1,238
2,600
2,050
3, 100
1,000
4,000
1,139
2,669
5, 262
8,840
8,613
9,300
315
450
62
60
49
787
1,080
155
150
1,553
3,100
2, 312
3,660
1,883
4,000
1,172
2,669
6,049
10,120
9,968
12,450
.
50
200
500
834
200
1,200
3,000
.
.
4,556
13, 345
33
76
4,632
13, 345
.
.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1891.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1901.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
Pack of Canned Salmon on Alsea River and Bay, Oreg., from 1886 to 1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Silver.
Dog.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1886 .
i
1887 .
2
11,180
$64, 285
1888 .
3
9,620
55', 315
1889 .
10, 000
55,000
1890 .
1891 .
1
1892 .
1
3,600
$14, 400
3,600
14, 400
1893 .
1
1,260
$6,300
3,240
12, 960
4, 500
19, 260
1894 .
1
' 440
2,200
4,160
16,640
4,600
18, 840
1895 .
1
1,700
6,375
3,280
11,808
4,980
18, 183
1896 .
1
3,500
10', 500
3^ 400
10, 200
6,900
20, 700
1897 .
1
1,800
5, 400
3j 200
9,600
5,000
15, 000
1898 .
1
4,296
11,170
2, 170
7,378
6,466
18^ 548
1899 .
1
2, 150
9, 138
5,010
19, 038
7, 160
28, 176
1900 .
1
1901 .
1
695
3, 475
4, 629
18, 790
891
S3, 118
6,215
25,383
1902 .
1
701
3,702
4,530
19,253
670
2, 680
5,901
25.635
1903 .
1
1,031
5, 516
4,242
18, 029
44
88
5, 317
23,633
1904 .
1
1,000
5,000
6,500
26, 000
300
600
7, 800
31,600
1905 .
1
2, 500
15, 000
1,800
7,650
700
1,750
5,000
24, 400
1906 .
1
3,702
22, 212
3,843
11,529
7,545
33, 741
1907 .
1
800
5, 100
350
6,250
1908 .
1
1.200
6,000
400
7^600
1909 .
1
1,119
6, 714
5,486
24, 027
80
184
6; 685
30,925
1910 .
1
2,500
5, 900
100
8,500
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
131
Pack of Canned Salmon on the Siuslaw River, Oreo., from 1878 to 1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Silver.
Dog.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
2
2
10, 300
$55,620
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
11,960
12, 000
68, 770
66, 000
.
.
.
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
18, 000
11,830
14, 987
10, 465
9,000
3,900
10, 000
7,323
872, 000
47, 320
59,948
35, 274
27, 000
11,700
34, 000
26, 363
18,000
13, 301
16, 858
12, 102
11,700
5,000
10,850
8,600
72,000
54,675
69, 303
41,413
35, 100
15' 000
36,210
31.356
.
1,471
1,871
1,637
2,700
1,100
850
1,162
$7, 355
9, 355
6,139
8, 100
3, 300
2, 210
4,648
.
.
.
115
$345
.
1,735
1,288
1,519
500
8,675
6.800
8,127
2,500
7,488
4, 320
6,842
6,500
29, 952
18, 260
29, 079
26, 000
9,223
5,608
8,361
7,000
38,627
25, 060
37, 206
28, 500
.
.
.
4,500
27,000
15, 000
15, 773
8,600
7, 436
12,800
45, 000
1,500
3, 750
21, 000
15, 773
8,600
8, 068
22, 158
75, 750
.
.
632
856
3,792
32, 956
36, 748
.
8,502
.
■
1879.
18S0.
1881.
1882.
18S3.
1884.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
Pack of Canned Salmon on the Umpqua River, Oreg., from 1878 to 1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
Chinook.
Silver.
Dog.
Total.
can¬
neries.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1878 .
2
8, 100
$43, 740
1879 ...
2
1880....
1881...
1882....
18S3 .
1884. ..
2
1885
1
1886
1
1887....
1
4,000
9,000
12,000
22, 000
51,750
66, 000
1888....
1
1889....
1
1890 .
1891
1
1892....
1
10,000
3,204
$40, 000
10, 000
4,013
7,110
8,689
40,000
1893... .
1
809
$4, 045
12,816
27, 500
16,861
28,675
1894....
1
235
1,175
6,875
1 8Q5
1
992
3,720
7,697
28, 863
32,583
1896....
1
1,300
3^900
M00
24,000
9, 300
27,900
1897-...
1898... .
1899 .
2
925
3,860
7,576
27, 006
115
$345
8,616
31,211
1900 .
2
1901 .
1902....
1903 .
1
23
123
6, 733
9, 500
28,615
38, 000
44,625
16,839
6,756
10, 500
28,738
41,500
1904 .
1
500
2,500
36,600
6,858
500
1.000
1905....
1
6, 100
10, 500
16, 600
6,756
81, 225
23,697
1906 ..
1
1,143
5,613
1907 .
1908....
1909..
1
500
3,000
7,753
11,000
31,012
8,253
34,012
1910 .
1
2,000
13,000
132
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
Pack op Canned Salmon on Coos Bay and River, Oreg., from 1887 to 1910.
Num¬
ber of
Chinook.
Silver.
Total.
can¬
neries.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1887 .
2
11, 300
5,500
7,000
$62, 150
31,625
38,500
1888 .
1
1889 .
1
1890 .
1891 .
2
1892 .
1893 .
1
3,125
8, 428
2, 332
2,000
2,200
7, 180
5,174
$12, 500
33, 712
8,934
6,000
6,600
24, 412
18, 626
3,125
8,591
7,442
12,500
34,527
28, 097
45, 000
25, 200
32, 581
23, 718
1894 .
1
163
$815
1895 .
1
5,110
13,000
6,200
3,142
19, 163
1896 .
1
3$, 000
15, 000
8, 400
10, 322
6, 447
1897 .
1
18, 600
1898 .
2
8,169
5,092
1899 .
2
1,273
1900 .
2
1901 .
1
1,215
6.075
4,082
2, 640
16,328
11,220
5,297
3,052
22, 403
13,395
1902 .
1
412
2, 175
1903 .
1904 .
1
2,033
7,725
7, 200
24, 480
9,233
32, 205
1905 .
1906 .
1
2,043
12,258
1,755
5,265
3,798
17,523
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1
275
1,475
3,959
5,500
17,927
4,234
6,000
19,402
1910 .
1
500
Pack of Canned Salmon on the Coqullle River, Oreg., from 1883 to 1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Silver.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1883 .
i
1884 .
1885 .
1886 .
2
3
2
1887 .
1888 .
11,000
8,600
$63, 250
47,300
1889 .
1890 .
1891 .
1
1
1
ol
2
2
1892 .
5,000
6, 500
2,000
8,724
7,800
$20, 000
26,000
8,000
32, 615
23, 400
5,000
6,500
2,000
9,484
9,025
20, 000
26,000
8,000
35,502
27, 075
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
760
1,225
$2, 887
3, 675
1896 .
1897 .
1898 .
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
541
950
2,636
133
286
331
600
2, 100
821
306
1,407
3,800
13, 180
665
1,510
1,771
2, 400
12, 600
4,926
7, 485
7,550
9, 601
5,096
5,877
8, 685
13, 686
11,343
17, 979
13, 220
19,174
9, 818
16, 637
25. 499
28. 500
38, 404
20, 384
24, 927
36, 911
54, 744
48, 208
53, 937
8,026
8, 500
12, 237
5, 229
6,163
9, 016
14, 286
13, 44.3
18, 800
13, 526
19, 174
10,068
17, 057
26, 906
32, 300
51,584
21,049
26, 437
38, 682
57,144
60,808
58,863
1899 .
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
1906 .
1007 .
1908 .
1909 .
250
420
1,255
42,687
43, 942
1910 .
a Burned.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
133
Pack of Canned Salmon on Rogue River, Oreg., from 1877 to 1910.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Silver.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1877 .
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
“i
c6)
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
7,804
8,534
8,571
7,772
12,320
19,186
16, 156
12,376
9,310
12,147
17,216
21,062
22, 000
24,000
21,000
19, 000
3, 200
1878 .
1879 .
1880 .
1881 .
1882 .
1883 .
1884 .
1885 .
1880 .
1887 .
1888 .
•
$121,107
132, 000
120, 000
105,000
95, 000
. 16, 000
1889 .
1890 .
1891 .
1892 .
10, 000
3, 200
$59, 000
16, 000
9,000
$36, 000
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
10, 377
15, 000
15, 355
12,964
5, 481
41,508
75, 000
61,420
51,550
30, 145
4, 385
3, 000
3, 653
501
1,745
i5, 347
9,000
10,959
1,303
6, 980
14, 762
18, 000
19,008
13, 465
7, 226
56, 855
84, 000
72, 379
52,853
37, 125
1896 .
1897 .
1898 .
1899 .
1900 .
1901 .
2, 681
3,799
8,4lS
16, 000
18, 500
12, 000
7, 537
4,354
186
232
13, 405
20, 058
45, 036
64, 000
111,000
72,000
4,184
4,091
4,792
3,255
1,500
6,000
1,796
2,650
699
2, 711
17, 736
17,387
20, 366
11,392
6,375
18, 000
6,865
7,890
13,210
19, 255
20, 000
18,000
9,333
6,004
885
1,943
31,141
37, 445
65, 402
75, 392
117,375
90, 000
1902 .
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1,300
2,977
4, 277
1910 .
a Burned down during season. b Not operated.
Pack of Canned Salmon on Smith River, Cal., in Specified Years.
Years.
Num¬
ber of
Chinook salmon.
Silver salmon.
Total.
can¬
neries.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1878 .
i
4, 277
7.500
2, 347
1.500
$23,096
4,277
7,500
2, 347
2,000
2,000
2,250
$23,096
1880 .
i
1888. .. .
i
14, 082
14,082
1893 .
i
500
1894 .
i
1,500
2,250
500
1895 .
i
9,990
9,990
Pack of Canned Salmon on Klamath River, Cal., in Specified Years.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Chinook.
Silver.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1888 .
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
4.400
1,600
1,700
1,200
1,600
2,500
3.400
5,633
8.016
$26, 400
4.400
1,600
1,700
1,600
1,600
2,500
3.400
5,633
8,016
$26, 400
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
5,321
8,800
400
$i,500
6,821
8,800
1899 .
1902
1904 .
18, 360
28, 315
18, 360
28, 315
1909 .
1910. .
134
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
Pack op Canned Salmon on Eel River, Cal., in Specified Years.
Year.
Number
of can¬
neries.
Chinooks.
Cases.
Value.
1877 .
1
8,500
10, 500
6,250
6,000
$51,000
1878 .
1
56j 700
1880 .
1
1910 . : .
1
Pack of Canned Salmon on the Sacramento River, from 1864 to 1905.
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
I--:
1883
1884
1885
Year.
Number
of can¬
neries.
Cases
packed .<»
Value.
Year.
Number
of can¬
neries.
Cases
packed.®
Value.
1
1
2,000
2,000
1886 .
39.300
36.500
68,075
57.300
25,065
10,353
2,281
23,336
28, 463
25, 185
13, 387
38, 543
29,731
32, 580
39,304
17. 500
14,043
8,200
14,407
2, 780
1887 .
1888 .
6
3
$423,750
1889 .
1890 .
1891 .
1892 .
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
3
111,821
2,500
3,000
10,000
21,500
34,017
13,855
62,000
181,200
200,000
123,000
81,450
90,000
1896 .
1897 .
2
1898 .
1899 .
150,688
6
4
9
$183,692
59,577
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
1903 .
19
21
1904 .
2
1
66,936
1905 .
4
1,352,855
6
a All were quinnat or Chinook salmon.
Pack of Canned Salmon in Alaska, by Districts, from the Inception of the
Industry.
Year.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
Can¬
neries.
Pack.
Can¬
neries.
Pack.
Can¬
neries.
Pack.
Can¬
neries.
Pack.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
1878 .
2
8, 159
9
8. 159
1879 .
2
12,530
2
12, 530
1880 .
1
6,539
1
6; 539
1881 .
1
8^977
1
8,977
1882 .
1
11,501
2
10, 244
3
21 1 745
1883 .
4
20, 040
2
28^297
6
48, 337
1884 .
4
22; 189
2
42,297
1
a 400
7
64, 886
1885 .
3
16, 728
2
52, 687
1
14,000
6
83,415
188G .
4
18,660
2
74,583
3
48, 822
9
142,065
1887 .
5
31,462
2
102,515
3
72, 700
10
206, 677
1888 .
6
8b 128
6
241^ 101
4
89,886
16
412; 115
1889 .
12
141.760
21
461,451
4
115,985
37
719, 196
1890 .
12
142, 901
19
421,300
4
118.390
35
682.591
1891 .
11
156,615
14
511,367
5
133,418
30
801.400
IS92. .- .
7
115,722
6
295,496
2
63,499
15
474,717
1S93 .
8
136, 053
11
399,815
3
107,786
22
643, 654
1894 .
7
142, 544
10
435,052
4
108, 844
21
686,440
1895 .
7
148, 476
10
327,919
6
150, 135
23
626,530
1896 .
9
262,381
12
485, 990
8
218,336
29
966,707
1897 .
9
271,867
13
382, 899
7
254,312
29
909, 078
1898 .
9
251,385
14
395,009
7
318, 703
30
965,097
1399 .
9
310,219
14
356,095
9
411,832
32
1,078,146
1900 .
16
456,639
14
492, 223
12
599,277
42
1,548, 139
a Experimental pack.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
135
Pack of Canned Salmon in Alaska, by Districts, from the Inception of the
Industry — Continued.
Year.
Southeast Alaska.
Central Alaska.
Western Alaska.
Total.
Can¬
neries.
Pack.
Can¬
neries.
Pack.
Can¬
neries.
Pack
Can¬
neries.
Pack.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
1901 .
21
735,449
13
562, 142
21
719,213
55
2,016,804
1902 .
26
906, 676
12
583,690
26
1.046,458
64
2,536,824
1903 .
21
642, 305
12
417, 175
27
1,186,730
60
2,246,210
1904 .
12
569,003
11
499,485
32
885,268
55
1,953,756
1905 .
13
433,607
9
371,755
25
1,089,154
47
1,894,516
1906 .
20
767, 285
8
473, 024
19
978,735
47
2, 219. 044
1907 .
22
887,503
8
522, 836
18
759, 534
48
2,169,873
1908 .
23
1,011,648
8
425,721
19
1,169,604
50
2, 606, 973
1909 .
19
852,870
8
391,054
18
1,151,553
45
2,395.477
1910 .
23
1,066,399
10
432,517
19
914, 138
52
2,413,054
10, 647, 220
10,195,739
12,726,712
33,569,671
Pack of Canned Salmon in Alaska from 1898 to 1910, by Species.
Year.
Coho, or silver.
Dog, or chum.
Humpback, or pink.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1898 .
54,711
39,402
50, 984
65,509
82, 723
120,506
85, 741
67, 394
109, 141
85,190
68, 827
56,556
114,026
5,184
1,931
30,012
47,464
159, 849
35,052
21, 178
41,972
254, 812
184. 173
218,513
120,712
254, 218
109,399
149, 159
232,022
541,427
549, 602
355,799
299, 333
168,597
348, 297
561, 973
644,133
464,873
554,322
1899 .
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
1903...
1904 .
1905 .
$215,875
382, 109
337.384
274, 089
231.029
559,666
$113,056
730, 235
547, 757
554, 197
274, 110
773, 409
$498, 194
1,046.951
1,799,280
1,733,379
1,114,839
1,764,055
1906 .
1907 .
1908 . . .
1909 .
1910 .
Year.
King, or spring.
Red, or sockeye.
Total.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
Cases.
Value.
1898 .
12, 862
23,400
37,715
43,069
59. 104
47,609
41,956
42, 125
30, 834
43, 424
23, 730
48,034
40 221
'
782, 941
864.254
1,197,406
1,319,335
1,685,546
1,687,244
1,505,548
1,574,428
1,475,961
1,295,113
1,651,770
1,705,302
1,450,267
965,097
1,078,146
1,548,139
2,016,804
2,536,824
2,246,210
1,953,756
1,894,516
2,219,044
2,169,873
2, 606, 973
2,395,477
2,413,054
1899 .
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
$141, 999
116,222
181.718
99. 867
207, 624
214, 802
$5,335,547
5.620,875
5,915,227
7,524,251
7,610.550
7,774,390
$6,304,671
7,896,392
8,781,366
10, 185,783
9,438, 152
11,086,322
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1910 .
136 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Pack of Canned Salmon in British Columbia since the Inception of the
Industry, by Waters.
Year.
Num¬
ber of
can¬
neries.
Fraser
River.
Skeena
River.
Rivers
inlet.
Nass
River.
Vancouver
Island.
Northern
miscellane¬
ous waters.
Total.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
Cases.
1876
2
7.247
7,247
1877. ..
5
55,387
3,000
58,387
1878
8
8L446
8,500
89, 946
1879 ..
9
50,490
10,603
61,093
1880...
9
42, 155
19! 694
61,849
1881...
11
142’ 516
2R560
5,500
169', 576
1882. . .
16
199! 204
24! 522
5,635
6,500
4,600
240 ! 461
1883 .
20
105, 701
3l! 157
10,780
9', 400
6!400
163! 438
1884 .
14
34| 037
53, 786
20,383
8,500
7,000
123! 706
1885 .
9
89, 617
12', 900
6', 000
108, 517
1886 .
16
99, 177
37,587
15,000
1,200
152! 964
1887 .
20
130, 088
58,592
11,203
4! 200
204, 083
1888 .
21
76, 616
70, 106
20, 000
12,318
5,000
184! 040
1889 .
28
310, 122
58, 405
21,722
19, 800
7.162
417! 211
1890 .
33
244! 352
91,645
33! 500
24', 700
11,060
6,000
41l! 257
1891 .
38
177, 989
77.057
36,500
11,058
3.850
8,057
314,511
1892 .
36
98, 491
90,750
14, 955
26, 100
4,300
14, 125
248,721
1893 .
44
474, 237
59, 021
35,416
15,680
8,098
17,750
610, 202
1894 ..
42
363, 566
61,005
40, 161
20,000
7,500
492, 232
1895 .
49
432, 920
69! 356
58', 575
20,541
3,300
3,000
587! 692
1896 .
56
375,344
97, 863
107, 473
14,649
7,903
14,550
617,782
1S97 .
65
879, 776
61,310
40,090
20,000
13, 807
12,200
1,027,183
1898 .
67
264, 225
80, 102
105,362
20,000
12, 539
10,323
492,551
1899 .
68
527, 396
112,562
76, 428
19,442
12, 150
17,541
765.519
1900 .
69
331,371
135,424
74, 196
20, 200
17, 102
28, 247
606,540
1901 .
78
998,913
125,845
66, 794
15,004
11,005
29,651
1,247,212
1902 .
69
327, 197
155,936
70, 298
23, 212
16,432
34,086
627, 161
1903 .
61
237, 162
98, 688
69, 389
18,094
12,360
38, 154
473, 847
1904 .
51
. 128,903
154, 869
94, 292
29,587
14, 888
43,355
465,894
1905 .
64
846, 998
114,085
83. 122
32, 725
50,975
39,917
1,167,822
1906 .
59
226, 744
162, 420
122, 878
32, 534
40,511
44,343
629,460
1907 .
42
163, 116
159,255
94,064
31,832
76, 616
22,576
547,459
1908 .
50
89, 184
209, 177
75,090
46,908
83, 918
62, 026
566,303
1909 .
•
567.230
142, 740
91,014
40, 990
58, 954
92, 132
993,060
1910 .
223, 148
222,035
129, 398
39, 720
53,964
92,565
760,830
Total .
9, 402, 095
2,891,557
1.623,718
579.494
560,794
638,098
15,695,756
PICKLING INDUSTRY.
The salmon-pickling industry was so overshadowed by its giant
brother, the canning industry, that statistical data, except for Alaska,
were found in extremely fragmentary shape, and only that portion is
shown relating to Alaska from the time of annexation to 1909.
Pack of Salted Salmon in Alaska, 1868 to 1909.
Year.
Salmon.
Salmon bellies.
Dry-salted salmon.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
1868 .
2,000
1.700
1,800
700
1,000
900
1,400
1,200
1,800
1,950
2,100
3, 500
3.700
1,760
5, S90
$16, 000
13. 600
14,400
6,300
9,000
7,200
11,200
9,600
14, 400
15, 700
16, 800
28,000
29. 600
15,840
53, 010
1869 .
1870 .
1871 .
1872 .
1873 .
1874 .
1875 .
1876 .
1877 .
1878 .
1879 .
1880 .
300
$3, 300
1881 .
1882 .
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
137
Pack of Salted Salmon in Alaska, 1868 to 1909 — Continued.
Year.
Salmon.
Salmon bellies.
Dry-salted salmon.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
1883
7,251
6, 106
3,230
4,861
3, 978
9,500
6,457
18, 039
8,913
17,374
24, 005
32,011
14,234
9, 314
15, 848
22, 670
22, 382
31,852
24, 477
30, 384
27,921
13, 674
19, 071
17, 283
22, 307
31, 472
28, 443
12, 779
865,259
54,954
29,070
43, 749
35, 802
85,500
58, 013
162,351
71, 304
140, 057
120, 083
176,060
85, 404
65, 198
110,936
181,360
167, 865
238, 890
171,339
212, 688
223, 368
89, 209
143,811
126, 194
203, 127
266, 713
183, 400
111,634
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
53
¥815
1893
1894
1895
1896
150
2,846
580
235
2,353
652
328
3,667
208
1,360
1,338
2,905
7,600
1,970
1,626
1,200
28, 460
5,800
2,350
23, 530
3,816
2,952
32, 973
1,950
11,355
13, 644
37, 422
85, 994
25, 358
19, 007
3897. .
1898
1899
1900 .
511, 400
$10,228
1901
1902.
1903 .
300,000
966, 812
7,280,234
1, 107, 680
107, 580
20, 800
71, 600
22, 178
5,500
16, 180
115, 643
16,969
1,505
416
1,038
554
1904 .
1905 .
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1910 .
517,238
3, 883, 988
28,231
299, 926
10, 388, 284
168,033
MILD CURING INDUSTRY.
The beginning of this industry on the Pacific coast is of compara¬
tively recent date, and the following table is complete, with the pos¬
sible exception of a few tierces, which may not have been reported
for the coastal rivers of Oregon:
Number of Tierces of Mild-Cured Salmon Packed on the Pacific Coast from
1897 to 1910.o
Year.
Alaska.
British
Colum¬
bia.
Puget
Sound,
Wash.
Grays
Harbor,
Wash.
Willapa
Harbor,
Wash.
Colum¬
bia
River,
(both
sides).
Coastal
rivers,
Oreg.
Eel
River,
Cal.
Sacra¬
mento
River,
Cal.
Mon¬
terey
Bay,
Cal.
Total.
1897 .
400
700
1,250
1,275
3,000
4,213
6,725
9,088
9,805
8,000
6,070
4,960
5,540
7,922
400
770
1,755
2,225
6,767
7,722
11,511
15, 539
17,873
13,685
17,464
10,893
18,267
22,408
1898 .
70
130
1899 .
375
1900 .
950
3,100
2,325
3,600
4,719
2,979
2,177
4,102
3,243
5,111
5,516
1901 .
67
67
8
34
189
1,126
1,657
1,378
2,292
3,357
600
425
824
1,250
3,000
1902 .
188
504
354
248
310
510
582
252
911
75
1903 .
1904 .
200
1905 .
1,175
957
1,993
1,060
1,560
1,638
415
740
740
1906 .
175
140
1907 .
2,060
20
100
1908 .
1909 .
2,109
2,435
75
67
29
560
1,398
80
1910 .
Total.
10,375
8,383
12,703
537
129
68,948
4,041
595
37,822
3,746
147,279
a The net weight of fish in a tierce is about 800 pounds. King, Chinook, or spring salmon were used al-
mostexclusively. From most places the data are complete from the time of the inception of the industry,
but from a few minor places the data are somewhat fragmentary.
IX. TRADE WITH OUTLYING POSSESSIONS.
As a result of the war with Spain the United States in 1898 ac¬
quired possession of Porto Rico, Guam, and the Philippine Islands,
while in the same year Hawaii became a part of this country at its
own request, and in 1900 two islands of the Samoan group were ac¬
quired by a partition agreement with Great Britain and Germany.
The trade with the Philippine Islands is shown to date in the tables
of exports and imports to foreign countries, but the trade with the
other possessions has been eliminated from these tables and shown
separately ever since their annexation to the United States.
HAWAII.
The islands constituting this Territory, owing to their reciprocity
treaty with tills country for a number of years before annexation,
purchased their supplies of salmon from the United States almost
exclusively. In recent years the Territory has imported the following
quantities of salmon from the mainland :
Year.
Canned.
All other,
fresh or
cured.
Pounds.
Value.
1907 .
1,126,217
965,029
1,440,410
1,381,398
$89,286
89,025
121,716
113, 526
Value.
$64, 232
67,143
73,848
72, 194
190S .
1909 .
1910 .
PORTO RICO.
Of recent years, the following shipments of domestic salmon have
been made to this island:
Year.
Canned.
All other,
fresh or
cured.
Pounds.
Value.
1907 .
604,627
512,038
381,171
511,055
$53,916
48, 195
34,777
43, 494
Value.
$2,893
1,428
3,810
6,243
1908 .
1909 .
1910 .
138
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
139
GUAM.
Since annexation, this country and Japan have been competing for
the trade of this island, which, in earlier years, Japan controlled quite
largely. During the last two years, however, the United States has
secured the advantage. The following table shows the extent of the
trade, which is made up almost entirely of salted or pickled salmon:
Year and country.
Pickled salmon.
Fresh, salmon.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
1905.
1,415
16,526
13,604
19,862
7,406
6,130
10,779
4,295
$71
1,221
• 1,086
1,601
623
465
740
344
1907.
1908.
900
$92
1909.
1910.
TUTUILA, SAMOA.
The customs statistics lump the imports of fisii under one general
heading, thus making it impossible to show separately the imports
of salmon.
X. FOREIGN TRADE IN SALMON.
As we do not consume all of the salmon produced by our fisheries,
it is necessary to find a foreign market for the surplus each season,
but as canned salmon has become one of the staples of the world, there
is not much difficulty in this respect, especially since our only compet¬
itors are Canada and Japan. The latter has not yet become much
of a factor in the canned-salmon market, though she will as her fish¬
ing operations are extended. There is more competition in the pickled,
fresh, and frozen markets, several European and Asiatic countries
being large producers of these goods, as is Canada also, for a consider¬
able proportion of which she is compelled to find an outside market.
EXPORTS OF CANNED SALMON.
From the beginning of the industry a considerable proportion of the
salmon canned has been exported, especially of the higher grades.
In Europe the chief customer is Great Britain, taking about nine-
tenths of all sent to European ports. Great Britain does not, how¬
ever, consume this quantity, for a considerable part of her importa¬
tions are reexported. On the North American Continent and adja¬
cent islands the best customers are Mexico, Panama, and the British
West Inches, in the order named. In South America, Peru, Argen¬
tina, and British Guiana were the leading markets in 1910. In 1908
Chile imported 4,196,060 pounds; in 1909 the importations dropped
to 97,993 pounds, but increased in 1910 to 1,556,629 pounds. In
Asia, Hongkong and China import canned salmon, although neither
buys great quantities. The islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans
are large consumers. British Australasia took 5,474,818 pounds,
valued at $551,312, in 1910, and other good customers were the Brit¬
ish East Indies and British, French, and German Oceania. In Africa
the British and Portuguese possessions are the largest importers.
The movements of these products are naturally often influenced
favorably or adversely as the tariffs of the various countries in which
they are marketed are raised or lowered.
140
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
141
The following table shows the yearly exports of domestic canned
salmon and the countries to which exported for the period from 1900
to 1910, inclusive:
Exports, by Countries, of Domestic Canned Salmon, 1900 to 1910.
Countries.
1900
1901
1902
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
North America:
Dominion of Canada —
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, etc .
10
$1
Quebec, Ontario, Man-
itoba, etc .
24,137
$2,514
101
$10
22,442
2,493
British Columbia .
382,811
33,454
1,725,251
223,230
1,866,272
159,682
Newfoundland and Lab-
810
73
Miquelon, Langley, etc _
240
20
Mexico .
162,785
14,806
160,425
14,967
387,905
31,041
Central American States —
British Honduras .
16,488
1,604
19,331
2,054
23,467
2,370
Costa Rica .
70,458
6,114
69, 135
6,768
70,036
5,954
Guatemala .
2,666
277
11,361
1,151
15,325
1,324
Honduras .
7,193
677
7,681
776
4,924
498
Nicaragua .
26,647
2,684
21,543
2,256
17,125
1,635
Salvador .
550
60
550
55
1,828
161
Bermuda .
59,672
6,158
63,786
7,398
76,456
7,768
West Indies —
British .
259,249
25,651
315,209
33,635
242,999
24, 191
Danish .
9,085
873
8,612
929
14,526
1,390
Dutch .
13,303
1,610
16,591
1,944
13,112
1,506
French .
432
45
1,084
127
960
96
Haiti .
468
44
595
65
920
88
Santo Domingo .
2,764
297
1,899
192
1,531
140
Cuba .
8,406
786
20,407
1,883
20, 196
1,618
4,394
390
South America:
Argentina .
104,367
8,822
127,751
10,916
88,622
7,816
240
37
15,110
1,147
Brazil .
637, 638
76, 152
207,033
23,506
87,800
8^350
Chile .
647,328
61,800
645, 323
64.059
384,766
28,529
Colombia .
92,868
9,075
97,163
9,975
86.046
7,451
Ecuador .
50,387
5,631
98,587
10,387
24,937
1,868
Guiana —
British .
168,718
16,197
136, 192
14.807
146, 502
14,604
Dutch .
43,096
3,553
61,334
6,542
92,971
8,718
French .
3,240
299
2,248
261
8,316
850
Peru .
75,621
7,392
124,823
12,526
313,476
24,444
Uruguay .
2,837
285
9,408
933
1,016
104
Venezuela .
42, 125
3,712
66,911
6,913
42,436
4,026
Europe:
2,208
309
250
25
Azores, and Madeira Is-
48
7
950
92
Belgium .
31,118
3,186
5,800
600
336
39
Denmark .
24,492
2,455
3,168
326
860
92
France .
22, 544
2,130
61,790
6,565
23,956
1,889
Germany .
16,110
1,431
77,921
7,567
10,905
1,068
120
10
2,496
244
141
21
Netherlands .
3,048
299
288
30
4,800
400
19, 776
1,779
336
35
Russia, on Baltic and
8,400
932
1,536
151
675
67
Sweden and Norway .
1,168
112
720
70
72
8
24
3
United Kingdom .
18,820.453
1,870,004
31,722,853
3,219,196
30,632,961
2,620,729
Asia and Oceania:
216
22
Chinese Empire .
40,960
4,255
149,295
15,263
117,043
8,716
20,634
2,058
9,460
772
Hongkong .
63,210
6,488
78 ' 960
8i056
551,860
40,261
Japan .
11,560
1,200
285,036
28,990
14,578
1,220
1,105
115
2,208
179
1,495
145
6,572
521
144
16
East Indies —
British .
538, 180
55,976
312,805
31,528
733,685
56,912
Dutch .
3,960
400
161,940
12,093
142
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
Exports, by Countries, of Domestic Canned Salmon, 1900 to 1910 — Continued.
Countries.
1900
1901
1902
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Asia and Oceania — Continued.
British Australasia .
2,804,004
8283, 110
3,442,085
S343, 540
7,131,641
$599,671
151,998
TO 555
French Oceania .
103,940
10,732
118,355
12,026
142,570
ll| 355
8,480
874
12,900
997
Guam a .
480
50
860,682
84,808
Philippine Islands .
1,160
120
39,316
3,925
718,876
46, 712
Tonga, Samoa, and all
112,380
11,646
73,040
7,168
21,176
1,451
Africa:
British Africa .
632,012
57,387
816,433
79,063
2,581,088
219,233
656
66
French Africa .
4,320
421
4,080
415
200
21
312
30
Portuguese Africa .
47,812
4,696
35,384
3,459
52, 726
4,931
All other Africa .
6,200
582
Total .
27,082,370
2,693,648
41,289,500
4,230,271
47,173,114
3,991,402
RECAPITULATION.
Europe .
18,941,109
1,881,725
31,877,663
3,234,862
30,683,551
2,625,284
North America .
1,051,808
98,064
2,443,561
297,440
2,780,844
242,029
South America .
1,868,225
192,918
1,577,013
160,862
1,291,998
107,907
Asia .
654,126
67,941
853,434
86,571
1,597,346
120,674
Oceania .
3,882,646
390,466
3,681,276
367, 533
8,179,161
670,741
Africa .
684,456
62,534
856,553
83,003
2,640,214
224,767
1903
1904
1905
Countries.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
North America:
Dominion of Canada .
290,850
$21, 121
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, etc .
49
$4
Quebec, Ontario, Man-
itoba, etc .
43. 107
$5, 171
153, 697
9,558
British Columbia .
3,246, 082
287, 212
1,086,370
95,021
Newfoundland and Lab-
rador .
240
25
Mexico .
356, 951
26, 787
538, 949
38,691
493,371
40, 597
Central American States —
British Honduras .
24, 187
2.316
28,044
2,534
28,959
2, 534
Costa Rica .
36, 806
3,072
58, 828
4, 66S
93, 580
8, 179
Guatemala .
3,527
295
15, 732
1,131
20, 498
1,583
Honduras .
7,455
716
12, 428
1,090
14, 434
1,221
Nicaragua .
20, 089
1,771
28, 159
2,394
42, 103
3,146
Panama d .
18,466
1,671
112, 320
9,211
Salvador .
3,360
252
4,304
'326
2, 296
184
Bermuda .
64,264
6,792
36, 022
3, 778
33,821
3,634
West Indies —
British .
418, 636
38,434
409,219
37,389
366, 747
34,262
Danish .
9,647
903
7,442
752
9,474
965
Dutch .
22, 981
2,480
17,878
1,999
13,051
1,419
French .
892
92
984
86
660
64
Haiti .
2,496
238
2,115
228
1,611
164
Santo Domingo .
3,290
335
7, 660
719
4,855
452
Cuba .
21,636
1,789
24, 677
2,324
36, 903
3,373
South America:
Argentina .
72,445
6,808
66, 275
6,612
120, 586
11,263
Bolivia .
384
40
672
80
170
17
Brazil .
88,740
8,481
114, 033
11,742
1881342
17, 908
Chile .
1,044,490
59,354
1,218,266
72, 205
821,171
56,160
Colombia .
149, 272
11,194
118. 269
10, 104
81. 239
7,491
Ecuador .
45, 126
3,115
59, 266
4,041
121,894
7,941
Guiana—
British .
172,300
16,829
112,360
11,226
135, 424
13,617
Dutch .
52, 138
4,959
78, 464
8,280
45,231
4,797
French .
18, 752
1,805
11,169
1,307
11,684
1,228
Peru .
89, 440
7, 309
214, 982
15, 530
151,832
11,369
Uruguay .
2, 140
185
2, 246
225
3,250
325
Venezuela .
20, 987
1,839
59, 857
5,981
28,005
2,825
? Guam was annexed to the United States in 1898. c Tutuila was acquired in 1898.
° Hawaii was annexed to the United States in 1898. d Panama separated from Colombia in 1903.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
143
Exports, by Countries, of Domestic Canned Salmon, 1900 to 1910 — Continued.
Countries.
1903
1904
1905
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Europe:
400
$25
384
$36
Azores, and~Madeira Is-
48
5
384
$41
Belgium .
788
73
480
53
9, 760
1,019
80
S
. 100
8
France .
2,400
260
4,800
600
21,995
2, 262
Germany .
32, 268
2, 470
18, 790
1,747
1,210
122
Italy .
1.120
114
5.232
556
5,760
465
Netherlands .
1,072
124
4,072
414
3,250
349
96
10
1,440
150
Spain. .
3,108
316
1,400
140
2, 700
249
70
7
96
10
240
24
United Kingdom .
35, 369, 196
3, 121, 774
33,555,080
3,505, 102
21,026,108
1,872,992
Asia and Oceania:
2,520
180
Chinese Empire .
166, 522
13,602
218, 142
18, 770
249,386
17,587
53,368
5, 111
40,000
3,932
Hongkong .
814, 008
56^ 225
160.367
11,870
518,423
36,635
Japan .
13,536
1,015
11,817.343
841,461
2,437,484
162,524
Korea .
2, 152
179
3,888
292
2,572
186
48
4
482
41
384
31
East Indies —
British .
473,740
39,367
636, 320
44, 669
673,897
55, 599
720
69
Dutch .
235, 680
19,256
119,216
9, 018
109, 476
7,893
240
24
10
1
British Australasia .
4, 268, 652
360, 720
3, 136, 728
290,307
4, 075, 094
389,518
British Oceania .
36,018
2,290
28, 670
1,941
42, 624
3,645
French Oceania .
153, 696
12, 179
185, 848
15, 305
133, 204
11,414
German Oceania .
451,824
26, 614
340,464
19,326
324,888
20,651
Philippine Islands .
601, 324
42,702
206, 896
14,970
681, 636
42,700
Africa:
British Africa .
1,454,226
127,921
794,758
77,911
1,259,269
121,120
144
15
900
90
French Africa .
2, 220
207
3,200
320
4,800
* 460
Liberia .
384
41
140
14
140
14
Portuguese Africa .
167,964
17,043
137,640
13, 906
200, 826
20,365
3SS
30
2,448
204
5,200
506
Total .
50,353,334
4,350,791
55, 924, 278
5, 224, 598
35,066,555
3,035,469
RECAPITULATION .
Europe .
35, 410,768
3, 125, 197
33,591.896
3,508,818
21,071,263
1, 877, 509
North America .
4, 285, 406
378, 655
2,446,023
204,363
1,565,773
132, 134
South America .
1,756,214
121,918
2.055,859
147,333
1,708,828
134,941
Asia .
1,759,294
134, 783
12,995.768
930,054
3,994,862
280, 704
Oceania .
5,511,514
444, 505
3,898,606
341,849
5, 257. 446
467,928
Africa .
1, 630, 138
145, 733
936, 126
92, 181
1,468,383
142,253
Countries.
1906
1907
1908
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
North America:
$587
Dominion of Canada .
236,664
$14,814
793,247
877,989
$65,356
7,320
Mexico .
699,002
56, 747
73,582
1,068,824
94,278
Central American States —
3,080
British Honduras .
43,155
3,639
36,020
3,214
32,632
Costa Rica .
106,879
8,968
148, 157
12,260
138, 421
12,260
Guatemala .
26,925
15,148
1,989
31,242
2,535
29,777
2,319
3,202
Honduras .
1,319
3,022
23,508
2,048
3,335
33,955
Nicaragua .
39,949
41,106
27,721
2.302
Panama b .
308, 624
25,965
443,687
38,642
331
487,079
46,883
Salvador .
2,880
24,679
197
4.092
5,854
467
Bermuda .
2, 406
29, 139
2,711
25, 183
2,579
West Indies —
64,275
British .
471,814
43,368
515,664
46,510
687,620
Danish .
9,713
1,011
13,336
1,340
15, 604
1,658
Dutch .
11,643
1,230
24,275
2,428
21,368
2,234
French .
200
20
100
9
96
11
Haiti .
2,953
291
914
91
864
85
Santo Domingo .
11,688
1,137
9,278
891
13,887
57,970
1,371
Cuba .
57, 441
5,823
60,904
5,855
5,288
a Sweden and Norway separated in 1905. b Panama separated from Colombia in 1903.
59395°— 11 - 36
144 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Exports, by Countries, of Domestic Canned Salmon, 1900 to 1910 — Continued.
Countries.
1906
1907
1908
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
South America:
Argentina .
200,206
$20, 339
262, 667
$25,801
394,306
$30, 759
Bolivia .
1,720
181
18,951
1,577
11,762
1,217
Brazil .
188,278
18,975
150,592
14,880
146,826
14,055
Chile .
4, 462, 147
154,396
4,168,876
286,229
4,196,060
295, 194
Colombia .
51,987
4,667
41,964
3,850
51,786
4,880
Ecuador .
80,876
5,855
203,930
15,599
174,920
12,486
Guiana —
British .
120,016
12,391
116, 120
12,202
140,514
16,014
Dutch .
65,654
6,246
66, 530
6,494
59,390
6,053
French .
12,650
1,305
17,950
1,829
23,218
2,599
Peru .
269,858
20,342
551,160
40, 431
316,701
22, 229
Uruguay .
10, 436
1,075
16, 124
1,546
17,934
1,693
Venezuela .
35,775
3,280
44,826
4,336
37,583
3,564
Europe:
1,260
135
1,220
112
Azores, and Madeira Is-
883
89
500
60
40, 200
4,112
29, 980
3,000
10,575
961
Germany .
4,896
420
9,150
976
45,977
4,572
4,920
413
10,230
861
420
36
8,280
959
11,098
850
40,200
3,981
17,670
1,860
7,577
'731
Spain .
1,930
193
3,208
303
27,900
2,735
10,000
1,050
10,500
1,000
United Kingdom .
31,918,816
2,739,284
7,720,991
788,245
13,200,887
1,193,516
Asia and Oceania:
480
50
Chinese Empire .
32, 189
2,321
59,110
4,386
23, 126
2,154
Hongkong .
105,581
7,652
122, 482
9,959
144,624
13, 367
Japan .
9,051
713
22,881
1,775
2,472
269
Korea .
1,632
128
1,500
129
1,156
126
Russia, Asiatic .
1,440
102
770
84
582
65
1,440
90
3,264
282
750
90
290
30
East Indies—
British .
477,234
38,263
1,043,618
75,001
702, 169
59,254
16,262
1,162
720
75
Dutch .
134,796
9', 692
167,590
13,940
126,168
11,286
British Australasia .
5,230,076
426,814
5,451,378
462,648
3,654,756
330,029
British Oceania .
11,952
923
40, 080
2,958
14,660
1,278
French Oceania .
125,998
10,274
137, 472
11,494
185, 608
15, 732
German Oceania .
214,920
14,503
156,939
11,267
105, 696
8,345
Philippine Islands .
757,400
56,743
933,288
63,838
1,171,834
84,533
Africa:
British Africa .
1,029,787
87,881
504,848
47,748
454,892
43,883
782
76
144
17
144
14
48
6
600
60
5,079
482
Portuguese Africa .
161,178
16,001
104,837
10,307
83,640
8,325
Turkey in Africa— Egypt .
2, 400
200
Total .
45,944,414
3,847,943
25,218,105
2, 183,049
28,226,045
2,438,518
RECAPITULATION.
Europe .
32,061,402
2,753,643
7,756,780
791,436
13,321,086
1,205,375
North America .
2,069,357
171,946
3,052,658
261,138
2,654,175
242,879
South America . .
3,4991603
249,052
5,659,690
414,774
5,571,000
410,743
Asia .
779, 415
60, 173
1,419,391
105, 364
1,004, 571
86,908
Oceania .
6,340,346
509, 257
6,719,157
552, 205
5,131,554
439,917
Africa .
1,194,291
103,872
610, 429
58,132
543, 659
52, 696
<* Sweden and Norway separated in 1905.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 145
Exports, by Countries, of Domestic Canned Salmon, 1900 to 1910 — Continued.
1909
Countries.
Pounds.
North America:
Dominion of Canada .
Mexico .
Central American States —
British Honduras .
Costa Rica .
Guatemala .
Honduras .
Nicaragua .
Panama® .
Salvador .
Bermuda .
West Indies —
British .
Danish .
Dutch .
French .
Haiti .
Santo Domingo .
Cuba .
South America:
229,934
756,052
35,195
118,266
13,957
14,112
21,534
528,228
9.184
23,774
358,114
14,848
16,621
564
2. 184
13,258
53,580
Argentina .
Bolivia .
Brazil .
Chile .
Colombia .
Ecuador .
Guiana —
British .
Dutch .
French .
Peru .
Uruguay .
Venezuela .
Europe:
Azores, and Madeira Islands
Denmark .
259,192
6,184
176, 150
97,993
58, 518
139,868
255,039
100,259
22,816
295,885
15,140
34,618
192
France .
Germany .
Italy .
Netherlands .
Russia on Baltic and White Seas.
Spain .
Sweden & .
United Kingdom .
Asia and Oceania:
17,096
5,148
11,612
2,050
3,160
20,000
22,969,218
Chinese Empire . .
China— British leased territory
Hongkong .
Japan . .
Korea . .
Russia, Asiatic .
Siam .
East Indies —
British . .
French . .
Dutch .
All other Asia .
British Australasia .
British Oceania .
French Oceania .
German Oceania . . .
Philippine Islands .
Africa:
British Africa . .
Canary Islands . .
German Africa .
Portuguese Africa .
Turkey in Africa— Egypt . .
Total .
RECAPITULATION.
53,448
103,448
15,078
2,652
5,380
14,880
989,592
528
201,696
5,704,960
109,936
162,336
279,792
1,126,470
484, 196
510
350
162,314
36,117,109
Europe .
North America
South America.
Asia .
Oceania .
Africa .
23,028,476
2,209,405
1,461,662
1,386,702
7,383,494
647,370
1910
Value.
821,773
58,124
3,261
9,828
1,117
1,179
1,656
50,940
754
2,461
36,644
1,568
1,883
69
203
1,306
5,277
17,030
647
17, 109
6,918
5,767
10,952
25,981
9,906
2,164
22, 640
1,330
3,058
18
1,757
500
1,017
205
311
1,940
2,201,446
4,887
9,707
1,245
266
394
1,025
85,094
56
16,908
590,094
7,437
14,570
18,311
74,792
48,220
51
36
14,604
3,416,436
2,207,194
198,043
123,502
119,582
705, 204
62,911
Pounds.
99,022
697,217
28,310
157,946
16,821
16,240
28,116
482,717
5,498
26, 484
548, 561
14,655
9,838
196
2,038
22, 120
68, 737
229,461
33,502
267,354
1,556,629
114,274
272,411
222,398
57,509
17,724
367,676
11,730
43,144
100
1,878
424
9,744
11,580
5, 100
44,737,072
28,522
3,120
121,558
3,716
2,016
1,008
1,246,751
189,604
480
5,474,818
66,826
241,200
360,576
5,425,404
357,051
910
151,470
1,440
63,860,696
44, 765,898
2,224,516
3,193,812
1,596,775
11,568,824
510.871
Value.
$7,570
50,782
2,606
12,237
1,361
1,361
2,066
45,404
423
2,383
53,939
1,512
1,160
18
185
2,058
6,486
15,690
2,941
28,241
92,259
9,494
16,487
22, 133
6,297
1,784
24,817
1,167
4,887
12
223
51
1,020
1,210
506
4,709,160
2,688
345
12,234
352
220
93
101,019
15,920
45
551,312
5,160
22,589
22,554
396,604
37,707
92
14,674
120
6,314,258
4,712, 182
191,551
226, 197
133,516
998,219
52, 593
Panama separated from Colombia in 1903.
h Sweden and Norway separated in 1898.
146
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
The table following shows for the past 11 years the customs districts
from which the canned salmon was exported. Up to 1910 about
two- thirds of the total exports have gone from the port of San Fran¬
cisco, while about one-fifth of the total passed through the port of
Puget Sound, Wash. In 1910, however, the exports from Puget Sound
exceeded those from San Francisco. The only other port through
which any considerable quantity is shipped is New York City. It is
usual now to load the salmon on steamers and sailing vessels at San
Francisco and the Puget Sound cities to go direct to Europe.
Exports, by Customs Districts, of Canned Salmon, 1900 to 1910.
Customs districts from which
exported.
1900
1901
1902
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value'.
Pounds.
Value.
Atlantic ports:
Baltimore, Md .
648
865
334,580
833,053
324
10
172, 110
4,365,074
480
75
834
1
20,224
407,009
60
7
Boston and Charlestown,
Mass .
New York, N. Y .
Philadelphia, Pa .
Savannah, Ga .
222,770
3, 4S5, 326
110,500
1,012
20,488
340,538
9, 100
81
192,676
7, 960,104
77,000
582
27,372
847,294
9,050
72
Noriolk and Portsmouth,
Va .
269,380
30,888
400
30
Gulf ports:
400
7,340
47,085
18,104
816
1,220
4,859
43
816
4,567
1,869
115
98
291
Mobile, Ala .
New Orleans, La .
Mexican border ports:
Arizona .
Brazos de Santiago, Tex...
Paso del Norte, Tex .
Pacific ports:
Alaska .
10,536
28,332
6,253
168
23,843
289
958
2,472
706
21
2, 134
38
11,032
39,084
23,879
300
164, 167
3,636
48
9,864,259
6,202
32,327,572
155,500
1,055
3,910
2,350
29
13,119
558
4
872,912
487
2,654,020
11,250
Puget Sound, Wash .
San Diego, Cal .
San Francisco, Cal .
Willamette, Oreg .
Northern border and Lake
ports:
1,477,232
3,094
21,611,030
76,800
144,059
220
2, 164,904
5,320
2,271,306
3,574
30,014,055
43,318
26,200
101
282,441
293
2,983,982
3,517
2,700
10
120
24,000
17
12
2,500
2
Duluth, Minn .
Memphremagog, Vt .
Total .
RECAPITULATION.
Atlantic ports .
Gulf ports .
Mexican border ports .
Pacific ports .
Northern border and Lake
ports .
16,200
1,800
39,312
50
4,368
5
27,082,370
2,693,648
41,289,500
4,230,271
47,173,114
3, 991,402
3,820,656
38,868
30,264
23, 168,445
24, 137
370,302
3,430
2,861
2,314,541
2,514
8,834,322
55,425
20, 140
32,337,112
42,501
947,729
5,426
2,082
3,270,524
4,510
4,538,073
50,116
188,346
42,357,217
39,362
427,335
4,965
15,498
3,539,231
4,373
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
147
Exports, by Customs Districts, of Canned Salmon, 1900 to 1910 — Continued.
Customs districts from which
1903
1904
1905
exported.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Atlantic ports:
840
$92
490
$50
576
$62
121
9
294
26
Boston and Charlestown,
104, 750
12,266
599,393
54
2,400
2,129,523
215
New York, N. Y .
5,627,654
540
214,016
42
2,683,775
8,858
266,599
576
'587
685
63
Gulf ports:
1,500
125
460
• 23
9, 612
44,404
824
9,203
811
7,102
561
4,261
61 i 909
180
5,503
16
89,999
7,841
Mexican border ports:
26,988
2,803
7,568
96
745
20, 845
1,878
7
103,375
8,938
347,218
23,401
30
262,014
20,687
583
366
6,580
Pacific ports:
153, 600
9, 550
4,848
557
48
7
148
15
16,527,456
5,897
27,448, 182
409,444
1,549,319
421
19, 766,003
1,655,666
499
4, 444, 562
3,594
326,485
259
5,678
33,212,614
224, 549
2,138,019
29, 142
25
3,303,292
10,628
27,498,325
5, 775
2,406,422
531
'400
Northern border and Lake
ports:
580
58
20
2
28,800
2,364
74
7
25
3
43,033
5, 164
50, 353,334
4,350,791
55,924,278
5,224,598
35,066,555
3, Q35, 469
RECAPITULATION.
5,734,469
54,016
130, 363
44,391,379
611,868
2, 133, 121
214,332
6,455
24, 183
4,979,565
63
2,693,503
97, 561
267, 263
5', 085
11,741
72, 792
355, 248
53,362,492
625
8', 425
23, 148
289i 439
31,957,252
3, 716,926
5,171
2,734,269
2,364
Northern border and Lake
43, 107
28,800
Customs districts from which
1906
1907
1908
exported.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Atlantic ports:
196
$21
156
$28
301
$37
New York, N. Y .
3, 275,875
1,400
318, 128
159
2,313,335
722
227,646
67
2,332,392
720
226,850
71
Portland and Falmouth,
Me .
100
13
322
38
1,250
155
Gulf ports:
60
8
40,213
312
3,216
25
292
23
890
94
190
18
38,267
3,031
7,775
11,675
112,850
992
10,823
1,051
88,014
10,217
194; 711
104
18; 144
9
24
2
Mexican border ports:
45,883
4,128
34,479
3,268
43,035
30,930
626,837
3.856
2, 775
387,568
21,962
30,336
1,666
513,202
22, 662
305,294
42,548
56, 147
2,341
99
1,960
33,315
22, 887
790
Pacific ports:
144
14
840
53
17,286,930
4,228
1,499,819
9,340,000
8,456
12,502,876
3, 723
845,982
661
6,351,440
6,994
18,601,705
528,558
567
'331
24,613,868
540
1,969,214
55
1,012, 199
1,597,735
22
Willamette, Oreg .
241
100
148 SALMON FISHEKIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Exports, by Customs Districts, of Canned Salmon, 1900 to 1910 — Continued
Customs districts from which
exported.
1906
1907
1908
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Northern border and Lake
ports:
177,734
$13,107
7,000
48
780
$570
5
71
Oswegatchie, N. Y .
35
3
400
$46
Total .
RECAPITULATION.
Atlantic ports .
Gulf ports .
Mexican border ports .
Pacific ports .
Northern border and Lake
ports .
45,944, 414
3,847,943
25, 218, 105
2,183,049
28,226,045
2,438,518
3,277,571
127,255
455,413
41,906,406
177,769
318,321
10,910
36, 130
3,469,472
13,110
2,314,535
165,050
570,343
22, 160,349
7,828
227,779
14,450
47,776
1,892,398
646
2,334,663
206, 120
723,689
24,961,173
400
227, 113
19,245
65, 119
2, 126,995
46
1909 1910
Customs districts from which exported.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Atlantic ports:
Baltimore, Md . , _
Bangor, Me .
Boston and Charlestown, Mass
New York, N. Y .
Philadelphia, Pa .
Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va. .
Perth Amboy, N. J .
Gulf ports:
Galveston, Tex .
Key West, Fla .
Mobile, Ala .
New Orleans, La .
192
$22
216
25
162,024
16,837
3,848,870
390, 266
405
44
32, 100
2,739
876
88
40
4
13, 565
1,247
92,537
7,615
Tampa, Fla .
Mexican border ports:
Arizona .
Brazos de Santiago, Tex .
Corpus Christi, Tex .
Paso del Norte, Tex .
Saluria, Tex .
Pacific ports:
Alaska .
Los Angeles, Cal .
Puget Sound, Wash .
San Diego, Cal .
San Francisco, Cal .
Willamette, Oreg .
Northern border and Lake ports:
Detroit, Mich .
North and South Dakota .
Duluth, Minn .
Montana and Idaho .
27,735
138
26, 220
150,636
14,399
66,020
13,370
7,858,552
5,546
23,761,656
42,000
12
2,733
13
2,450
14,850
1,528
6,263
716,370
460
2,247,957
3,990
1
36
$3
3,000
280
2,999,480
305,732
700
89
214
18
155
12
340
27
14,018
1,322
103,980
8, 187
66
6
54,425
4,612
641
64
27,365
2, 414
125, 169
11,560
47, 117
2,853
9,229
820
32,406,617
3,331,174
6,355
583
28,027,911
2,641,608
78
11
33,200
2,800
600
83
Total.
36,117,109
3, 416, 436
63,860,696
6,314,258
RECAPITULATION.
Atlantic ports . .
Gulf ports .
Mexican border ports .
Pacific ports .
Northern border and Lake ports.
4,043,807
107,018
219, 128
31,705,144
42,012
409,933
8,954
21,574
2,971,984
3,991
3,003,430
118,559
254,717
60,450, 190
33,800
306,122
9,554
21,503
5,974,196
2,883
149
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
EXPORTS OF FRESH AND CURED SALMON.
The following table shows, by countries, the value of the exports
of fresh and cured salmon for the period 1900 to 1910, inclusive. As
with the canned salmon, the greater part of these exports go to
European countries, Germany taking by far the largest quantity.
A small portion of this is salmon caught in eastern waters.
Exports, by Countries Receiving, of Domestic Pickled, Fresh, etc., Salmon,
1900 to 1910.
Exported to —
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
North America:
$88
$14
$11
$21
22
$246
7
9
$120
94
Dominion of Canada—
418
3
Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, etc _
1,516
80, 652
220
2,555
53,922
703
1,051
125,916
218
6,083
53, 592
3, 572
25, 913
7,499
10,299
192
Central American States—
178
340
27
11
1
208
Honduras .
5
1
2
26
53
26
40
78
40
75
Panama .
167
315
22
7
1,330
943
664
1,925
2, 348
1,397
1,266
1,136
West Indies—
939
5,150
3,867
4,999
162
429
376
'273
114
194
12
31
38
84
13
67
195
167
293
177
197
238
126
122
315
199
273
100
181
191
164
54
11
124
1,214
998
670
85
57
14
26
South America:
143
1,641
1,200
172
38
419
385
227
1,160
142
70
164
416
223
657
441
17
65
15
Guiana—
30
82
30
262
60
161
400
226
286
11
766
176
420
290
134
434
251
65
26
■ 27
62
194
112
96
42
245
25
108
Europe:
3
123
85
1,062
15,285
88
4,750
378
16, 904
653
2,315
57
22, 952
180
300
300, 291
320,369
470,657
741,634
1,061,944
1,666,787
158
100
475
55
280
28
50
184
3,023
4,127
3,105
300
12, 765
12,295
7,896
2,574
56
300
7
5,595
5,685
1,838
8, 523
54
17,776
29,355
38, 959
1,528
990
Asia:
400
25
9
201
15
East Indies—
121
71
30
115
135
275
507
519
1,840
3,499
462
4,797
2,807
10
14,516
25,228
476
25,037
Oceania:
39,867
618
33,785
31,503
25,208
21,595
'346
29
27
22
1,958
1,729
1,325
1,877
948
1,838
2,299
861
13
977
57
3,420
Hawaii .
58,870
a Sweden and Norwa y separated In 1898.
150
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
Exports, by Countries Receiving, op Domestic Pickled, Fresh, etc., Salmon,
1900 to 1910 — Continued.
Exported to —
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
Ocean ia— Con t inued .
$384
$478
$13
$308
$636
$215
10
304
21
Africa:
British Africa —
170
85
24
12
859
114
5
535,276
426, 738
694, 435
869,352
1,163,489
1.832,655
RECAPITULATION.
87, 964
1,702
340, 643
3,324
101,388
255
60, 416
901
344, 368
15,037
5,982
24
132, 704
3,063
496, 637
25,843
35, 863
325
67, 225
1,690
760, 197
5,393
34, 835
12
36, 408
1,822
1,094,950
1,382
28,063
864
25, 809
3,438
1,748,039
30, 170
25, 085
114
Exported to —
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
North America:
Bermuda . .
British Honduras . .
Dominion of Canada— Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick, etc .
Central American States —
Costa Rica . .
Guatemala . .
Honduras .
Nicaragua . .
Panama . .
Mexico . .
West Indies—
British . .
Cuba .
Danish . .
Dutch .
French .
Haiti .
Santo Domingo .
South America:
Argentina .
Brazil . _
Chile .
Colombia .
Ecuador .
Guiana—
British .
Dutch .
French .
Peru .
Venezuela .
Uruguay .
Europe:
Azores, and Madeira Islands .
Belgium .
Denmark .
France .
Germany .
Italy .
Netherlands .
Norway .
Portugal .
Russia in Europe .
Spain .
Sweden . . .
United Kingdom .
Asia:
Chinese Empire .
East Indies —
British .
Dutch .
Hongkong .
Japan .
Korea .
Russia— Asiatic .
Turkey in Asia . . .
$173
14
$20
$23
1,036
$030
32, 925
18, 785
16, 964
21,973
23,559
46
40
39
380
1,231
213
92
27
2,211
528
189
217
197
902
18
62
2,451
1,317
31
11
1,878
175
775
460
199
555
1,646
128
30
94
97
100
208
371
108
93
16
277
255
975
104
39
19
678
228
4,890
121
165
49
14
335
128
3,067
97
42
78
19
283
313
85
308
15
105
500
120
3,029
20
67
391
56
90
22 167
290
218
5
287
133
57
36
1,317
1,163
208
36
48
76
130
271
75
21
118
555
10
823
217
695
311
114
36, 623
1, 670, 366
137
793
9,303
32,554
26, 196
95
108, 269
150
1,601,166
90,015
i, 422, 846
410
81,195
250
1,038,530
83,580
415
1,223,595
264
2,947
11,390
22, 104
1,650
140
55
23,469
21,540
48, 237
28,083
22, 917
45,885
14, 735
289
5,260
23,670
42,725
43, 952
66, 555
3,391
293
170
41
89
63
1,339
88, 068
687
18,395
3
6
66
”‘13
3,592
“121
18
809
2, 772
60
41
10
90
3
55
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
151
Exports, by Countries Receiving, op Domestic Pickled, Fresh, etc., Salmon,
1900 to 1910 — Continued.
Exported to —
1906
1007
1908
1909
1910
Oceania:
$15, 169
21
2,154
749
821
20
40
$23,186
$26,591
11
1,792
373
$25, 466
$22,826
89
1,886
1,189
2,089
1,268
All other British Oceania .
2,136
1,112
12,287
1,528
1,229
712
Africa:
British Africa — South .
Liberia .
Portuguese Africa .
198
Spanish Africa .
289
Total .
1,927,464
1.878,743
1,648,044
1,288, 560
1.532,640
RECAPITULATION.
North America .
36, 943
2,600
1,776, 086
92, 861
18,914
60
23,204
2,351
1,794,885
19,384
38, 721
198
27,263
517
1,587,535
3,962
28, 767
28,383
1,365
1,225,948
3,640
28,935
289
29,688
5,242
1,468,015
348
28,079
1,268
South America .
Europe .
Oceania .
The exports of domestic fresh and cured salmon from 1900 to 1910,
inclusive, are shown below, by customs districts. The greater part
of the shipments pass through the New York City customs district:
Exports, by Customs Districts, of Domestic Pickled, Fresh, etc., Salmon,
1900 to 1910.
Customs districts from which exported.
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
Atlantic ports:
Baltimore, Md .
$158
$8
3
Bangor, Me .
Belfast, Me .
$12
$17
12
$19
52
$7
418
Boston and Charlestown, Mass .
16
34
New York, N. Y .
346,853
10
■ 330,805
503,219
766,128
1,102,542
7
1,757,742
Philadelphia, Pa .
1,151
11
68
*6
47
60
79
Savannah, Ga .
22
Gulf ports:
Mobile, Ala .
30
8
96
63
14
5
143
116
Mexican border ports:
Arizona .
18
85
416
115
19
4
Corpus Christi, Tex .
414
13
30
208
Paso del Norte, Tex .
760
67
13
80
206
777
1,184
Saluria, Tex. .
370
1,428
1,063
868
Pacific ports:
Alaska .
2,377
12,422
17,500
293
4,375
1,003
Oregon, Oreg .
80, 493
55; 727
150,906
20
58,278
34
29,212
36,145
4
San Diego, Cal .
108
19
73
San Francisco, Cal .
102,666
7,030
36,958
36,331
25,851
27,939
1,500
2,142
4,445
Willamette, Oreg .
28
Northern border and Lake ports:
234
1,464
449
1,542
1,183
1,393
Detroit, Mich .
742
24
Genesee, N. Y .
26
Huron, Mich .
456
121
225
55
Memphremagog, Vt .
6
7
24
Montana and Idaho .
2
6
6
North and South Dakota .
523
162
95
36
378
247
Superior, Mich .
33
Vermont, Vt .
301
115
20
40
22
• Total. .
535, 276
426, 738
694,435
869,352
1,163,489
1,832,655
RECAPITULATION.
Atlantic ports .
346, 924
330,890
5
503,439
143
767,397
30
1,103,034
124
1,757,832
159
997
66,772
6,895
Gulf ports .
1,192
535
1,857
1,227
1,160
56, 167
3,004
185; 644
1,516
92,698
2,610
188i 177
819
99,018
1,680
Northern border and Lake ports .
152
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Exports, by Customs Districts, of Domestic Pickled, Fresh, etc., Salmon,
1900 to 1910 — Continued.
Customs districts from which exported.
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
Atlantic ports:
Baltimore, Md .
Bangor, Me .
Belfast, Me .
New York, N. Y .
Philadelphia, Pa .
Portland and Falmouth, Me.
Gulf ports:
Mobile, Ala .
New Orleans, La .
Mexican border ports:
Arizona .
Brazos de Santiago, Tex .
Paso del Norte, Tex .
Saluria, Tex .
Pacific ports:
Alaska .
Puget Sound, Wash .
San Diego, Cal .
San Francisco, Cal .
Willamette, Oreg .
Hawaii .
Northern border and Lake ports:
Buffalo Creek, N. Y .
Cape Vincent, N. Y .
Champlain, N. Y .
Detroit, Mich .
Duluth, Minn .
Huron, Mich .
Memphremagog, Vt .
Minnesota, Minn . . .' .
Montana and Idaho .
North and South Dakota.
Vermont, Vt .
Total .
recapitulation.
$11
15
1,781,330
105
15
14
700
8
80
44,436
63,626
44
31,500
992
3,954
428
1,927,464
$8
1,786,105
11,298
276
134
451
44,492
28,984
92
4,333
1,972
52
92
3
161
1,878,743
$7
1,590,757
. ii'
128
7,098
13
. 154
803
14,370
28
29,112
1,359
1,G67
284
798
45
20
1,387
1,648,044
$31
58
11
1,230,436
1,091
11,677
4
37,305
743
14
3,069
2,079
59
154
858
1,288,560
$12
1,479,625
197
212
,666
12
,628
3
598
"68
"20
"82
,419
1,532,640
1,
Atlantic ports .
Gulf ports .
Mexican border ports .
Pacific ports .
Northern border and Lake ports
1,781,476
14
788
139,606
5,580
1,797,411
276
424
73,927
6,705
1,590,778
7,226
167
44,313
5,560
1,230,542
49
25
50,834
7,110
1,479,656
74
202
50,521
2, 187
IMPORTS OF FRESH SALMON.
For some years it was the custom of the canneries on Puget
Sound, when fish were scarce on the American side and abundant on
the Canadian side, to import fresh salmon to fill out the domestic
supply, and the Canadian canneries would do the same when the
conditions were reversed. In 1904 the Canadian Government pro¬
hibited the export of fresh salmon to Puget Sound for packing pur¬
poses, and in 1910 an effort was made to have Congress retaliate by
enacting a similar law for this side of the line, but the bill failed of
passage. The reciprocity agreement with Canada now before Congress
provides for the free entry of fresh fish and would permit the can¬
neries of either country to import salmon as they wished. This
agreement, if adopted, will undoubtedly be of considerable impor¬
tance to the Puget Sound canneries in securing full packs in certain
poor years.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
153
The table below shows the yearly
British Columbia :
imports of fresh salmon from
Imports of Fresh Salmon from British Columbl\, Canada, for a Series of
Years.
Year.
Pounds.
Value.
Year.
Pounds.
Value.
Year.
Pounds.
Value.
1890 .
4,660
4,950
6,288
64,811
3,872
14,000
11,799
1241
170
301
3,639
219
1,403
419
1897 .
93,454
11,580
58,002
19,404
27,072
22,353
6,860
$2,681
278
4,101
855
2,050
739
343
1904. ...
40,610
1,015
3,457,738
113,224
8,880
41,073
198, 251
$1,025
35
64,408
4,131
795
2,346
10,116
1891 .
1898 .
1905. ...
1892 .
1899 .
1906 ..
1893 .
1900 .
1907. . . .
1894 .
1901 .
1908. . .
1895 .
1902 .
1909. . .
1896 .
1903 .
1910. .
IMPORTS OF CURED SALMON.
Below are shown the imports into this country of foreign-cured
salmon, the product of the Pacific salmon fisheries, from 1886 to 1909,
inclusive.
Imports of Foreign Pickled Pacific Salmon, 1886 to 1909.
British Columbia.
Y ear.
Pounds.
Value.
1886 .
5,600
$224
1887 .
200
4
1888 .
86,000
4,031
1889 .
18,200
860
1890 .
600
36
1891 .
1892 .
200
5
1893 .
5,478
291
1894 .
149,410
17,592
1895 .
6,550
6,530
250
1896 .
474
1897 .
6,890
156
1898 .
4,145
188
1899 .
15,875
1,554
1900 .
162,558
11,061
1901 .
165,243
11,225
1902 .
175,411
13,794
11,756
1903 .
161,549
1904 .
282,210
23,319
1905 .
282,027
25,584
1906 .
35,475
6,393
1,730
1907 .
322
190S .
13,230
631
1909 .
30, 710
1,523
1910 .
111,645
5,505
Japan.
Hongkong.
Russia, Asiatic.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
5,600
$224
4
200
86,000
18,200
4,031
860
600
36
200
5
5,478
291
1,200
$29
11,875
$298
162,485
7,150
6,530
6,890
14,045
a 16, 032
163, 158
17,919
263
600
13
474
156
30
2
9,870
266
456
a 1 , 560
600
$41
11,102
11,225
13,822
11,774
23.371
165; 243
176,017
161,909
606
28
360
18
1,400
52
283,610
3; 015
5,510
680
133
285,042
40, 985
25,717
1,905
175
31
7,073
353
4,185
3,537
174
17; 415
34, 247
805
148
1,617
1
a Includes 157 pounds, valued at $6, from China.
XI. SALMON CULTURE.
CALIFORNIA.
HISTORY.
The first fish-cultural station on the Pacific coast was located on
McCloud River, a stream of the Sierra Nevada Mountains emptying
into Pitt River, a tributary to the Sacramento, 323 miles nearly due
north of San Francisco. The site on the west bank of the river,
about 3 miles above the mouth, was chosen after investigation of a
number of places on the Sacramento, by Mr. Livingston Stone, one
of America’s pioneer fish culturists, and the station was named Baird,
in honor of the then Commissioner of Fisheries, Prof. Spencer F.
Baird. Although the season had nearly passed when the station
was sufficiently advanced to handle eggs, 50,000 eggs were secured,
and while 20,000 were lost, owing to the excessive heat, the remaining
30,000 were shipped east, all of which were eventually lost but 7,000
fry, which were planted in the Susquehanna River, in Pennsylvania.
The main object of the hatchery the first few years was to secure
eggs to ship to the East for the purpose of introducing Pacific salmon
in the waters in that section. The Commission early made an agree¬
ment with the State of California, however, under which the latter
at first paid part of the expense, and the Commission hatched and
planted a portion of the take in the McCloud River. Later, part of
the eggs were turned over to the State, which hatched and planted
the salmon in local waters.
In 1881 the station buildings were washed away in a freshet, but
were immediately rebuilt. From 1884 to 1887, both inclusive, all
operations were suspended.
In 1889 a hatchery was established at Fort Gaston, on the Army
reservation in the Hoopa Indian Reservation in Humboldt County,
but it was not put into operation until 1890. As the reservation
was abolished on July 1, 1892, the Commission took complete charge
of the plant, and in 1893 established a tributary station on Redwood
Creek. The same year Korbel station was established about one-
half mile above Korbel, on Mad River, in Humboldt County. Owing
to the lack of money this station was closed in the fiscal year 1896,
but was reopened during the fiscal year 1897.
That same year the Commission erected, on ground owned by the
State, a hatchery at Battle Creek, in Tehama County, and also took
charge of and operated the hatchery erected at this place by the
State fish commission the previous year. Under the terms of an
154
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
155
agreement the Commission was to deliver to the State as many eyed
spawn as the latter could hatch at Sisson, its own station.
Owing to their inaccessibility, the Fort Gaston hatchery and its
substations were abandoned in 1898. The same year an experi¬
mental station was established at Olema, Bear Valley, in Marin
County, whence eggs were transferred from Baird station, hatched
out here, and planted in Olema Creek in order to see if they could
not be domesticated here, where they had not been found pre¬
viously.
During the fiscal year 1902 a substation was established on Mill
Creek, a stream which has its source in the foothills of the Sierra
Mountains, in the northeastern part of Tehama County, and empties
into the Sacramento River from the east about a mile above the
town of Tehama. The eggs are retained here until eyed and then
shipped to other hatcheries.
As stated above, the State aided the work of the United States
Fish Commission in a financial way and also by hatching and dis¬
tributing the eggs turned over to its care. In 1885 the State legis¬
lature passed a bill authorizing the establishment of a hatchery of
its own, and the same year such a station was built upon Hat Creek
about 2J miles above its junction with Pitt River, a tributary of
the Sacramento River. As the work of the first few seasons devel¬
oped that the location was unsuitable, the hatchery was removed
in 1888 to Sisson, in Siskiyou County. The work of this hatchery
was to handle the eggs turned over to it by the United States Fish
Commission.
In 1895 another hatchery was built by the State near the mouth
of Battle Creek, a tributary of the Sacramento River. In 1896 and
1897 this hatchery was operated jointly by the State and the United
States Fish Commission while awaiting the appropriation of money
by the Commission to purchase it from the State.
In the fall of 1897 a hatchery was established by the State on
Price Creek, a tributary of Eel River, in Humboldt County, and in
1902 this hatchery made the first plant in the State of steelhead
trout fry.
Santa Cruz County has had a hatchery at Brookdale for a number
of years.
OUTPUT.
The following tables show separately the quantity of eggs, fry,
etc., distributed by the United States Fish Commission and the
State since the inception of the work. The large quantity of eggs
shown by the Commission represents largely the eggs supplied to
the State, which hatched and distributed them, and eggs sent to
other States and to foreign countries.
156
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
Output of Hatcheries Owned by the United States Bureau of Fisheries.
Year ending
June 30“—
Chinook.
Silver fry.
Steelhead trout.
Total.
Eggs.
Fry.
Eggs.
Fry.
Eggs.
Fry.
1872 .
30,000
1,400,000
4, 155, 000
6,250,000
5,065,000
4,983,000
7, 810, 000
4,250,000
3,800,000
4,300,000
30,000
1,400,000
4, 155.000
6,250,000
5.065.000
4,983,000
7,810,000
4,250,000
3,800,000
4,300,000
1873 .
1874 .
850,000
1,750.000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2,300,000
2,000,000
3, 100, 000
3,991,750
776, 125
1,500.000
84,000
777,000
315.500
1,190,100
438.500
500,000
715,700
3,056,701
15,643,300
3,275,110
3,533,950
889,570
2,115,560
1,618,066
2,350,130
7,561,380
“3,496,405
2,512.250
4,780,855
3,590,078
2,286,257
850,000
1,750,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2,300,000
2,000,000
3,100.000
3,991,750
776, 125
1,500,000
84,000
777, 000
315,500
1,190.100
1,027,000
2,934,500
823,508
3,611,838
16,293,300
3,275,110
3.533,950
889,570
2,115,560
1,618,066
2,350,130
7,561,380
3,496,405
2,512,250
4,780,855
3,590,078
2,286,257
1875 .
1876 .
1877 .
1878 .
1879 .
1880 .
1881 .
1882 .
1883 .
1889 b .
3,450,000
1,554,000
2,988,000
2,902,000
3,530,000
7,500,000
3,676,000
6,170,800
18.232,590
30,605,000
27,665,000
2,925,000
3,934,036
17.580, 410
11.275,777
64.598,354
96,025,765
107,905,945
73,376,315
64,990,550
32,278, 265
30,539,467
3,450,000
1.554,000
2,988.000
2,902,000
3.530.000
7.575,000
3,676,000
6,345,800
18, 282. 590
30,665,000
27,665,000
2,925,000
3,934,036
17,580,410
11,275,777
64,598,354
96,025,765
107,905,945
73,376,315
64, 990, 550
32 j 278, 263
30,539,467
1890 .
1891 .
1892 .
1893 .
1894 .
280,000
“1,250,000
75,000
308,500
<*1,184,500
107,808
257,000
650,000
1895 .
1896 .
175,000
50, 000
60,000
1897 .
298, 137
1898 .
1899 .
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1910 .
Total .
655,746,274
82,998,287
1,828, 137
360. 000
2,507,808
656, 106. 274
87,334,232
“The calendar year was used up to 1889. <* Includes 332,000 fingerlings, yearlings, or adults.
b The hatchery was closed from 1884 to 1888. f Includes 138 fingerlings, yearlings, or adults.
“Includes 560,000 fingerlings, yearlings, or adults.
Output of Hatcheries Owned by the State of California.
Year.
Chinook.
Steel-
head
fry.
Total.
Eggs.
Fry.“
Eggs.
Fry.
1873 .
520,000
850.000
2,250,000
2,000,000
2,200,000
2,500,000
2,300,000
2,225,000
2,420,000
3,991,750
600,000
150,000
200,000
1,290,000
2,168,000
1,320,000
2,798,000
2,651.000
3,941,650
520,000
850, 000
2,250,000
2,000,000
2,200,000
2,500,000
2,300,000
2,225,000
2,420,000
3,991,750
600,000
150, 000
200.000
1,290,000
2,168,000
1,320,000
2,798,000
2,651,000
3,941,650
1874 .
1875 .
b 250, 000
250, 000
1876 .
1877 .
1878 .
1879 .
1880 .
1881 .
1882 .
1884 .
1880 . . .
1887 .
18S8 .
1889 .
1890 .
1891 .
1892 .
1893 .
“The greater part of the output of Chinook fry was from eggs supplied by the United States Bureau of
Fisheries hatcheries in California.
b All were lost.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
157
Output of Hatcheries Owned by the State of California — Continued.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
Total.
Year.
Chinook.
Steel-
head
Eggs.
Fry.
fry.
7,776,400
3,435,000
15,283,183
18,123,000
31.476, 388
21,234,000
2,536, 000
3,239,000
16,852,040
20,040,487
63,632,000
87,000,000
105,815.920
71,267.000
60,619,000
28,000,000
28, 469, 745
301,000
120,000
90,000
108,000
243,000
352,000
170, 000
517,000
667, 800
250,000
621,174,563
2,568,800
Total.
Eggs.
Fry.
7,776,400
3,435,000
15,283,183
18,123,000
31,476,388
21.234,000
2,536,000
3,239.000
17,153,040
20,160.487
63.722,000
87,108,000
106,058,920
71,619,000
60, 789, 000
28,517,000
29, 137, 545
250,000
623,743,363
DISTRIBUTION.
The following table shows, by streams and species, the distribution
in California of the eggs, fry, etc., from the hatcheries of the United
States Fish Commission and the State. This far from represents the
work of the hatcheries, as large quantities of eggs were sent to other
States and foreign countries.
Distribution of Salmon Eggs, Fry, etc., in the Waters of California.
Year.
Klamath River and tributaries.
Redwood Creek and tributaries.
Chinook.
Silver.
Chinook.
Silver.
Steel-
head.
Fry.
Year¬
lings.
Fry.
Adults
and year¬
lings.
Fry.
Fry.
Adults
and year¬
lings.
Fry.
1890 .
90,000
30,000
147, 600
487, 200
1891 .
25, 000
142,500
170,000
1892 .
25,000
1893 .
1895 .
300,000
160,000
140,000
400. 000
1896 .
65,700
280,250
1,260.000
107, 808
202, 000
650,000
1897 .
124, 750
1898 .
16,000
40, 000
1903 . . .
810, 800
25,000
300,000
160,000 1,943.450
264, 750
400,000
959, 808
158 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Distribution of Salmon Eggs, Fry, etc., in the Waters of California— Con
Year.
Mad River and North Fork.
Eel River.
Rus¬
sian
River.
Skaggs
Springs.
Marin
County
creeks.
Chinook.
Silver.
Steel-
head.
Chinook.
Steel-
head.
Chi¬
nook.
Chi¬
nook.
Chinook.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
1881 .
15,000
15, 000
1894 .
280, 000
470,000
173,387
308, 500
1895 .
1897 .
145,365
60, 000
635,000
1,970,000
900,000
1898 .
7.857,388
8,202,000
885,000
2,069,500
5,257,947
5.200,000
8, 100, 000
9,265,920
7,570,000
6,154,000
5,500,000
1899 . _
1900 _ 1 .
1902 .
301,000
120, 000
90,000
1903 .
1904 .
*
1905 .
1906 .
243,000
352, 000
1907 .
25,000
25,000
1908 .
1909 .
349,000
145,365
923,387
368,500
66,061,755
1,455,000
40,000
15,000
3,530.000
Year.
Sacramento River and tributaries.
San
Fran¬
cisco
Bay
streams
San
Gre¬
gorio
River.
Pesca-
dero
Creek.
Monterey
Bay and
tributaries.
Chinook.
Steel-
head.
Chi¬
nook.
Chi¬
nook.
Chi¬
nook.
Chinook.
Eggs.
Fry.
Year¬
lings,
finger-
lings, and
adults.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
1873 .
20,000
520,000
850,000
2,000.000
2,000,000
2,200,000
2,500, 000
2,300,000
2,225,000
2.300.500
3.991.750
600,000
150,000
200.000
1,290,000
3,668,000
1,404,000
3,520,000
2.676.500
4.474.750
8,214, 900
3,935,000
15,683,183
19,264,086
33. 998, 300
16,307,110
5,184,950
4,128,570
16.898,100
16,359. 606
60,782,130
94,561,380
100,038,552
66,209,250
59,245,855
20,090,000
1874 .
1875 .
a 250, 000
1876 .
-
1877 .
1878 .
1879 .
1S80 .
1S81 .
20, 000
15,000
15,000
30,000
1882 .
80,300
1S84 .
1886 .
1887 .
1888 .
1889 .
1890 . .• .
1891 .
1892 .
1893 .
1894 .
45,000
1895 .
1896 .
250, 000
1897 .
1898 .
1899 .
85,200
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
108,000
1906. .
900, 000
1,200,000
800,000
1907 .
135,000
170,000
168,000
1908 .
1909 .
Total .
435,500
585,771,472
250, 000
626,000
20,000
15,000 1 15,000
2,930.000
All were lost.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
159
Distribution of Salmon Eggs, Fry, etc., in the Waters of California — Con.
Year.
Monterey Bay
and tributa¬
ries.
Truckee
River.
Total.
Silver.
Steel-
head.
Chinook.
Chinook.
Silver.
Steel-
head.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Eggs.
Fry.
Year¬
lings,
finger-
lings,
and
adults.
Fry.
Adults
and
year¬
lings.
Fry.
20,000
520,000
850, 000
2,250.000
2,000,000
2, 200, 000
2.500,000
2,300, 000
2,225,000
2,420,500
3,991,750
600, 000
150. 000
200, 000
1,290,000
3,668,000
1,494,000
3,575,000
2, 966, 600
5.131.950
8, 214, 900
3,935,000
15,748,883
20,324,701
45,101,688
25,409,110
6,072,950
4. 128, 570
18. 967, 600
5,297, 947
65,982,130
102,661,380
110,204,472
75,029,250
66,199,855
31,590,000
250,000
250,000
.
10,000
80,300
.
25,000
280,000
910, 000
353,500
560,000
250.000
107, 808
262.000
650,000
298, 137
.
85,200
.
301,000
120, 000
90, 000
108, 000
243,000
487,000
170, 000
518, 200
80,000
80,000
42,000
80.000
80,000
42,000
. .
1.200
.
Total .
202,000
1,200
260,000
435,500
645,201,236
275,000
1,690, 137
560,000
3, 410,508
1873.
1*74.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
18S4.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
OREGON. .
HATCHERIES ON COASTAL STREAMS.
Rogue River. — In 1877 Mr. R. D. Hume, who had been packing
salmon on this river for some years, erected a hatchery at Ellens-
burgh. In 1888 the Oregon Legislature appropriated a sum of
money for the enlargement and support of this ' hatchery, Mr.
Hume to retain complete control. As the location is on tidewater
it is necessaiy to catch the parent fish and hold them until they are
ready to spawn, and in order to do this Mr. Hume had an excavation
32 by 62 feet and 11 feet deep made in the bank of the river. This
was lined with concrete 1 foot thick, which, when filled with water,
made a pond 30 by 60 feet and 10 feet deep. Over the entire pond
he constructed a building which could be closed up so as virtually to
59395°— 11 - 37
160
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
exclude the light. It is supposed that retaining the fish in a dark
place aids in keeping them in good physical condition until ready to
spawn. The death of Mr. Hume in 1908 may lead to the abandon¬
ment of this hatchery, unless the State or Government takes it over.
In 1897 Mr. Hume built and equipped a hatchery on the upper
Rogue River at the mouth of Elk Creek, about 26 miles from the
town of Central Point, in Jackson County, and, in pursuance of an
understanding with the United States Fish Commission, the latter
operated then and still continues to operate this plant.
In 1900 the Government established an auxiliary station for the
collection of steelhead trout eggs on Elk Creek, about 10 miles above
the main station. In 1905 a substation was operated at Grants Pass,
while during the fiscal year 1908 substations were operated at Findley
Eddy, on the Rogue River, Illinois River, and Applegate Creek,
tributaries of the Rogue.
Many of the eggs gathered at the upper Rogue River stations were
shipped to Mr. Hume’s hatchery, on the lower river, and there hatched
out and planted.
Coquille River. — The State formerly had a hatcheiy on this river,
but it was abandoned during the winter of 1902-3. In the winter
of 1904-5 a substation was established on one of the tributaries
of the Coquille River, about 6 miles from the South Coos River
hatcheiy, and was used in hatching eggs brought to it from the latter
place.
Coos River. — A hatchery was built by the State in 1900 on the South
Coos River, about 20 miles from the town of Marshfield.
TJmpqua River. — In 1900 the State built a hatchery on the north
fork of the Umpqua River, near the town of Glide and about 24 miles
east of Roseburg. In 1901 a station was established farther up the
north fork, at the mouth of Steamboat Creek. After working here
two years the station was moved a couple of miles farther up the
stream. In 1907 work was resumed again at the original station near
Glide, as winter freshets had seriously damaged the upper station.
Siuslaw River. — In 1893 the State erected a hatchery on Knowles
Creek, a tributary of the Siuslaw River, about 20 miles above the
mouth of the river. It was turned over to the United States Fish
Commission to operate, but no fish came up to the hatcheiy because
the fishermen lower down stretched their nets entirely across the
river.
In 1897 and 1898 the United States Fish Commission operated a
hatchery owned by a Mr. McGuire and located close to Mapleton,
about 2 miles below the head of tidewater.
In 1902 the State established an experimental station at the Bailey
place, near Meadow post office. In 1907 a permanent station was
established by the State on Land Creek fork of the Siuslaw River.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
161
Alsea River. — In 1902 the State established a station on the Willis
Vidito place, near the town of Alsea. In 1907 an experimental
station was established on this river at the mouth of Rock Creek,
about 14 miles above the head of tidewater.
Y aquina River. — In 1902 the State established a hatching station
on the Big Elk River, a tributary of Yaquina River, about 3 miles
above its confluence with the main river. * This station was made
permanent the next year.
Tillamook Bay. — In 1902 the State established a station on Wilson
River, a tributary of Tillamook Bay, and about 8 miles above tide
water. In 1906 the station was removed to the Trask River, a tribu¬
tary of Tillamook Bay.
DISTRIBUTION.
The following table shows the distribution of fry in the coastal
streams of the State by the Government and the State.
Distribution of Salmon Fry in the Coastal Streams of Oregon.
Year ending June
30 —
Tillamook Bay and tributaries.
Yaquina River.
Alsea River.
Chinook.
S Overside.
Steel-
head.
Chinook.
Silverside.
Steel-
head.
Chinook.
Silver-
side.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
1898 .
19, 994
1901 .
213.500
557, 700
3, 144, 380
1,407,470
816, 608
1,919,508
2, 193, 043
485.500
324,038
1903 .
251,875
799,300
67, 75(T
1904 .
985, 220
3,009,075
4, 178, 000
1,955,793
909, 855
1, 006, 309
28, 815
1905 .
780,500
1, 033, 150
376,245
1, 000, 000
806, 938
1,000,000
1, 785, 351
1906 .
1907 .
312, 700
2, 124, 000
2,648,000
1,629,000
4, 896, 000
3,500, 990
1908 .
199, 700
812, 300
1909 .
569, 690
2, 309, 770
1910 .
624, 800
4, 132, 669
12, 679, 990
2, 879, 460
11,061,747
12,073,067
2, 189,895
2, 074, 388
3,597,651
Year ending June 30 —
Siuslaw River.
Umpqua
River.
Coos Bay and tributaries.
Chinook.
Silverside.
Steel-
head.
Chinook.
Chinook.
Silverside.
Steel.
head.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
1897 .
180,000
440, 275
2, 700, 000
213, 500
112,000
389,239
822,567
435, 162
1, 826, 531
608, 949
729, 130
191,267
273,352
1898 .
1899 .
1901 .
730,000
1,136,000
1,596,213
1,399,860
2, 654, 925
4, 903, 700
4, 685, 900
2, 378, 853
4, 093, 848
5, 686, 273
235,000
2, 416, 350
1902 .
214, 800
1903 .
1904 .
4,079,274
3, 877, 172
2, 744, 000
4, 014,400
3,000,000
2,084,500
1,683,738
1905 .
311,900
1,296,732
1,030,486
1, 127, 293
1,092,540
25,289
1906 .
397,355
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
98,243
1,032,000
222,000
1910 .
8, 921, 972
5,099,040
495,598
29,265,572
24,134,434
1,032,000
222, 000
162 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Distribution of Salmon Fry in the Coastal Streams of Oregon — Continued,
Coquille River.
Chinook. Silverside
Rogue River and tributaries.
Chinook.
Silverside. Steeihead
Year ending June 30 —
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Yearlings,
finger-
lings, and
adults.
Fry.
Fry.
1877.
1898.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
Total.
235,000
3,084,577
1,000,000
2, 210, 000
2, 978, 700
2, 840, 000
2,450,000
• 226,600
1,185,800
50,
1,910,
2, 156,
2, 967,
4, 750,
3,480,
9, 023,
4, 758,
47,
5,880,
6,597,
771,
1,430,
128,000
424, 530
680.800
75,000
1,250,432
170,051
1,375,000
158,000
643,000
14,798,277
1,412,400
43, 824, 011
245,051
4, 659, 762
65,850
20, 250
8,073
531,000
12, 625
105,300
937, 680
878,847
89,850
2, 649, 475
Year ending June 30—
1877.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
Total.
Total.
Chinook.
Silverside.
Steeihead.
Fry.
Yearlings,
finger lings,
and adults.
Fry.
Fry.
50,000
180, 000
2,370,314
2, 700, 000
2, 156, 945
4,594,058
8, 415,113
9,427,654
20, 26S, 809
16, 343,382
14, 123, 977
20, 261,747
19,671,753
7, 626, 825
10,022, 493
128, 000
639, 330
680, 800
985, 220
5,571,407
7, 260, 083
7, 009,279
4,863,048
9, 855, 649
3,561,094
65,850
20,250
8,073
1,311,500
1,443, 130
481,545
937, 680
1,768,780
2, 399, 620
75,000
170,051
138,213,070
245,051
40, 553, 910
8,436,428
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
163
The following tables show the total output of the hatcheries in
Oregon owned by the United States Bureau of Fisheries and the
State of Oregon:
Output op Hatcheries Owned by the United States Bureau op Fisheries.
Year ending June 30 —
Chinook,
Silver.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
1889 .
4,500,000
2,776, 475
4,901,525
1,332,400
4, 100,000
213,000
1890 .
1,000,000
700,000
1891 .
1892 .
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
23,000
1896 .
a 2, 832, 150
4,922,634
16,915, 512
4,300, 200
4, 126, 367
1,669,857
11,587,061
5,453,860
15, 270, 675
9,822, 636
2,454, 371
8,542,104
7,844,827
5,021,655
4, 220, 197
b 557, 150
1897 .
189S .
1899 .
27,000
1,800, 000
1,100,000
1,866,000
4,884,400
3,113,000
30,000
28, 200
1,661,390
2,045,000
3,531,000
3,953,992
1900 .
146,824
128,000
424,530
1901 .
1,668
1902 .
1903 .
250
680,800
1904 .
1905 .
1,250,432
1906 .
122,980
300
1907 .
1908 .
627, 856
2, 763
225
158,000
1,799,915
57,932
1909 .
1910 .
25, 762, 982
122,807,506
1,312,892
680, 800
3, 907,701
58, 232
Year ending June 30 —
Eggs.
Steelhcad trout.
Total.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
Eggs.
Fry.
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1818.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1,000,000
700,000
23,000
4, 500, 000
2, 776, 475
4,901,525
1,332,400
4,100,000
213,000
159, 000
415, 000
246,000
•481,000
400,000
12, 125
99, 000
65, 850
20, 250
262, 700
50, 000
10,000
50, 000
263, 725
51,468
23, 205
534,000
1,294,485
105, 300
952, 680
1,374,308
2,074,188
25,000
62, 033
11,090
40,383
186, 000
2,215,000
1,346,000
2, 347,000
5,965, 200
3,113,000
80,000
38, 200
1,711,390
2,308,725
3,582, 468
3,953,992
2, 832, 150
4, 922, 634
16,915,512
4,312,325
4,372,191
1, 863, 707
12,031,841
5,716,560
15, 293, 880
11,607,068
3,748,856
8,647,404
8.955,507
8, 195, 878
6, 294, 385
Total.
2, 126, 193
6, 818, 091
138, 506
28,569, 975
133, 533,298
557, 150
26,668
62, 283
11,090
163, 663
685, 788
2,763
225
1,509,630
a All but 17,000 of these were from eggs received from the California stations.
b All raised from eggs received from the California stations.
164
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Output of Hatcheries Owned by the State of Oregon.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1895.
1896.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907
1908.
1909.
1910.
Total
Year.
Chinook fry.
Silverside
fry.
Steelhead
trout fry.
Total.
50,000
79, 620
1, 876, 500
1.834. 290
2.554. 290
1,300,000
4,500,000
990,000
a 792,000
2,500,000
2,500,000
2, 700,000
2,500,000
7,562,000
11,220, 550
18,502,072
5 48,730,791
16,393,249
c 27, 404, 596
d 25, 156, 732
« 21,209,394
/ 20, 108,990
g 24, 169, 365
7,957,000
3,288,600
3, 974, 185
5,509,085
7,503,655
6. 446, 628
5, 359.709
200, 000
245,000
256,327
300, 850
143, 849
1,495,735
1,859,696
376, 245
9,212,649 1,403,129
3,631,827 2.364,120
50,000
79, 620
1,876,500
1.834.290
2. 554. 290
1,300,000
4,500,000
990,000
792,000
2,500,000
2,500,000
2,700,000
2,700,000
7,807,000
19,433,877
22,091,522
52,848,825
23,398,069
36, 767,947
31,979,605
26, 569,103
30,724,768
30, 165,312
244, 634, 439
52,883,338
8, 644, 951
306, 162, 728
a Eggs from which hatched obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
b 6,826,540 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
c 7,714,000 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
<*3,550,000 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
« 3,020,000 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
/ 6,581.000 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
9 6,465,300 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
COLUMBIA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES.
The first fish-cultural work upon the Columbia River and in Oregon
was at Clackamas, on the Clackamas River, a tributary of the Willa¬
mette River, which empties into the Columbia River about 180 miles
from its mouth.
This hatcher}7' was built in 1876 by the Oregon & Washington Fish
Propagating Co., which operated it until 1880. In 1887 the State
provided for and there was appointed a State fish commission.
Almost the first work of the commission was to spend $12,000 appro¬
priated by the legislature to put in repair and operate this hatchery.
On July 1, 1888, it was informally turned over to the United States
Commission of Fish and Fisheries, which paid over the purchase
price, took formal possession in the following winter, and has oper¬
ated it ever since, with the exception of several years when the build¬
ing of dams stopped the progress of salmon to the hatchery. During
this period a temporary station for the collection of eggs was estab¬
lished on Sandy River, about 15 miles away, and on Salmon River,
a tributary of Sandy River, both tributaries of the Columbia River.
Some eggs were also brought in from the California hatcheries and
hatched at the Clackamas station. In 1901 the hatchery was moved
about 4 miles down the river and has since been operated as both
a rearing and a collecting station. In 1901 the State established
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
165
another hatchery on the Clackamas River about 30 miles below the
main station and between the North and South Forks. In 1904 all
were turned over to the United States. In 1907 an experimental
station for tli? collection of eggs of the early variety of chinook salmon
was established by the State of Oregon on the Clackamas River below
the Portland Railway, Light & Power Co.’s dam at Cazadero, but this
is now operated by the United States Bureau of Fisheries.
In 1889 the State established a hatchery in the cannery of Mr.
F. M. Warren, at Warrendale, in Multnomah County, on the Colum¬
bia River, which was operated in that year and in 1S90.
In 1895 some of the Oregon salmon packers combined and organ¬
ized the Columbia River Packers’ Propagating Co., which estab¬
lished a hatchery on the upper Clackamas River at the junction of
the Warm Springs and the Clackamas and operated it in 1895 and
1896. The Government operated it in 1897 and 1898, after which
it was turned over to the State and moved to the opposite side of
the river.
In 1898 the collection of steelhead trout eggs was first undertaken
on the northwest coast by the State of Oregon on Salmon River, a
tributary of the Columbia River, and met with fair success. In
March, 1899, the Government sent a party to the falls of the Willa¬
mette River, near Oregon City, to collect steelhead eggs, and also
operated for this purpose at its substation on the Salmon Riyer, but
the latter effort met with failure, as the rack was washed away.
This station was turned over to the State on June 15, 1899.
In 1901 the State of Oregon did some experimental work at Swan
Falls, on Snake River, the boundary for a considerable distance
between Oregon and Idaho. During the winter and early spring of
1902 the State also worked Tucannon River, which is a tributary of
Snake River, for steelhead, but met with poor success. Snake
River was worked again in 1902 at the foot of Morton Island, which
is situated 2 miles above Ontario, in Malheur County. Title to the
necessary property was secured from the War Department in 1903
and permanent buildings were erected.
In 1901 the State of Oregon established an experimental hatchery
in Wallowa County, on the Grande Ronde River, at the mouth of a
small tributary called the Wenaha River, which enters the main
stream about 50 miles from its mouth. A permanent station was
established in the canyon about 1^ miles below the Wallowa bridge
on the Wallowa River, a tributary of the Grande Ronde River, in
1903.
In 1902 the State of Oregon erected a permanent plant on Salmon
River at its junction with Boulder Creek.
In the same year the State established an experimental station
on the McKenzie River, a tributary of the Willamette River, about
166
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
one-half mile above Vida post office. This experimental work was
resumed in 1905 at a point 2 miles below Gate Creek. The hatchery
was permanently established at a spot about 30 miles from Eugene
and near the town of Leaburg a year or two later.
In 1906 an experimental station was established by the State on
Breitenbush Creek a short distance above its junction with the
Santiam River, a tributary of the Willamette River, but the plant
was destroyed very shortly after its establishment, by a forest fire.
An experimental station was reestablished here in 1909, but a heavy
freshet raised the river so high that the penned fish escaped around
the rack.
In 1909 the State of Oregon built at Bonneville, on Tanner Creek,
a tributary of the Columbia River, a large central hatchery capable
of handling 60,000,000 eggs, it being the intention of the State to
hatch at this plant the eggs collected at other stations.
The first entrance of Washington (then a Territory) into fish-
cultural operations was in 1S79, when the State fish commissioner
paid the Oregon & Washington Fish Propagating Co., which was
operating the hatchery on the Clackamas River, $2,000 for salmon
fry deposited in that river. In 1893 the State legislature estab¬
lished a hatchery fund which was to be supplied by licenses from
certain lines of the fishery business. In 1895 its first hatchery in
the Columbia River Basin was built on the Kalama River, about 4
miles distant from its junction with the Columbia, and in Cowlitz
County. Another station for the collection and eyeing of eggs was
established on the Chinook River, a small stream which empties into
Baker Bay near the mouth of the Columbia.
During the fiscal year 1897 the United States Fish Commission
established a station on Little White Salmon River, a stream which
empties into the Columbia, on the Washington side, about 14 miles
above the Cascades. During the fiscal year 1901 an auxiliary station
was operated on Big White Salmon River, while fishing was earned
on in Eagle and Tanner Cieeks, in Oregon, the eggs obtained from
these creeks being brought to the Little White Salmon hatchery.
In 1899 the State of Washington built and operated hatcheries
on the Wenatchee River, a tributary of the Columbia River, about
If miles from Chiwaukum station on the Great Northern Railway,
and on Wind River, a tributary of the Columbia, about 1 mile from
the junction.
In 1900 Washington State hatcheries were established in the
Columbia River basin as follows: White River hatchery, which was
built on Coos Creek, which empties into a tributary of the White
River, the location being about 2f miles from where the Green
River joins the White River; Methow River hatchery, built on the
Methow River at the point where it is joined by the Twisp, about
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
167
22 miles from the Columbia River; Colville River hatchery, built
on the north bank of Colville River, about miles from its mouth,
and about 1 mile from Kettle Falls; Klickitat River hatchery,
located on the east bank of the Klickitat River, about 6 miles from
its mouth; and one on the Little Spokane River, about 10 miles from
its mouth and about 9 miles north of the city of Spokane. The
Klickitat River hatchery never was operated, while most of the
others were operated intermittently.
In 1906 a hatchery was established by the State of Washington
on the Lewis River, some distance above the town of Woodland.
The following table shows the plants of salmon and steelhead
trout in the Columbia River and its tributaries by the Bureau of
Fisheries and the States of Oregon and Washington:
Table Showing the Plants of Salmon Fry in the Columbia River Basin
Since 1877.
Columbia River and tributaries.
Year ending June 30—
Chinook fry.
Silverside
fry.
Steelhead
trout fry.
Total.
300, 000
300,000
79, 620
79,620
3,076,500
3,076,500
1,834,290
1,834,290
2,554,290
2,554,290
1,300,000
1,300,000
4,500,000
4,500,000
3,756,475
3,756,475
5, 694, 000
5,694,000
1,332,400
1,332,400
4,100,000
4, 100, 000
213,000
213,000
a 2,523,000
2,523,000
b 10,389,300
10,389,300
10,641,394
10,641,394
26,212,074
26,212,074
19,979,241
8,625
19,987,866
22,510,869
7,175,824
299,000
29,985,693
30, 7S3, 728
c 24, 978, 978
5, 559, 750
245,000
44,328,085
17,545,724
256,327
62, 130, 136
40, 174, 313
S, 721, 720
d 600,583
49,496,616
71,694,587
8,422,085
158,981
80,275,653
19,230,062
17,107,217
1,354,610
« 768, 235
/ 36,372, 785
g 828, 872
ft 1,769,494
38,971,151
23,171,235
2,657,349
26,640
25,855,224
i 34, 852, 008
1,705,543
15,000
36, 572, 551
i 33,098,943
2,439,415
ft 1,058,657
36,597,015
l 37,744,002
3,374,733
m 2,063,688
43, 182, 423
Total . .
484,518,606
59,785,625
7,270,230
| 551,574,461
a Includes 23,000 eggs.
b Includes 557,150 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
t Includes 1,668 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
d Includes 37,033 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.*
e Includes 50,000 eggs.
/ Includes 48,200 eggs and 47,980 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
g Includes 300 vearlings, fingerlings, or adults,
ft Includes 24,383 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults, and 58,000 eggs.
i Includes 1,995,746 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
j Includes 16,949 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults,
ft Includes 50,000 eggs.
i Includes 225 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
m Includes 25,000 eggs.
168
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
WASHINGTON.
Willapa River. — In 1899 Washington established a hatchery on
Trap Creek, a tributary of the Willapa River, situated about 200
yards from the creek’s mouth.
CJiehalis River. — The construction of a hatchery on the Chelialis
River, about 4 miles above the city of Montesano, was begun by the
State in October, 1897, but owing to bad weather and extreme high
water was not completed until late in 1898. The hatchery was a
failure until 1902 when a fair season was had, as was again true in
1903. It was not operated in 1904. Since the State began taking
eggs from the Satsop River, a tributary of the Chelialis, it has been
possible to fill the hatchery each season.
Puget Sound and tributaries. — In 1896 the State established a
hatchery on Baker Lake, which is the head of Baker River, a tribu¬
tary of the Skagit River, and this was the first establishment for
the hatching of sockeye salmon. In July, 1899, it was sold to the
United States Fish Commission. In 1901 steelhead trout eggs were
collected on Phinney Creek, about 5 miles from the town of Birds-
view, and some 30 miles from Baker Lake. In 1901 an auxiliary
station was opened at Birdsview, on Skagit River, and steelhead
trout eggs were collected on Phinney and Grandy Creeks and brought
to Baker Lake to be hatched.
In 1898 a private hatchery (the necessary money being raised by
subscription among the residents of Fairhaven, now Bellingham,
and vicinity) was built near Lake Samish, a few miles from Fair-
haven.
In 1899 a hatchery was built by the State on Kendall Creek, a
tributary of the Nooksack River, about 300 yards from same, and
about 2 miles from the railway station of Kendall. Except in 1903,
this hatchery has since been operated continuously. An eyeing
station was built in 1907 on the south fork of the Nooksack River,
about 1 mile from Acme.
In the same year the State built a )iatchery on the Skokomish
River, about 4 miles from its mouth. An eyeing station was also
erected on the north fork of the same river. The main station was
not operated in 1904 and only on a small scale in 1903 and 1905.
The State in 1899 built a hatchery on Friday Creek, a tributary
of the Samish River, situated about 1 mile from the mouth of the
creek.
The following State hatcheries were first operated in 1900. Sno¬
homish hatchery, built on the west bank of the Skykomish River, a
few miles from its mouth; Nisqually River hatchery, built on Muck
Creek, about one-half mile from the Nisqually River, and about 4
miles from the town of Roy, in Pierce County; and the Stillaguamish
hatchery, located on the Stillaguamish River, about 4 miles from the
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
169
town of Arlington, in Snohomish County. The latter has since
been moved to Jim Creek, a tributary of the south branch of the
Stillaguamish River.
The Startup hatchery, located near Startup, on the Skykomish
River, was formerly used as a collecting station for the Snohomish
hatchery. It is still used for this purpose, but also retains and
hatches a considerable quantity of spawn. The station is about 4
miles from the Snohomish hatchery.
In 1900 the State established a fisheries experimental station at
Keyport Landing, on the east arm of Port Orchard Bay, with Pear¬
son as the nearest post office. The work of the station is devoted
to salmon and oysters.
The State established a hatchery on the Dungeness River, about
7 miles from the town of Dungeness, in Clallam County, in 1901.
In 1906 it constructed a hatchery on a small tributary of the Skagit
River, between Hamilton and Lyman. The station built on Sauk
River, a tributary of the Skagit, has been operated only occasionally
since the Skagit hatchery was built.
The United States Bureau of Fisheries has now (1911) under con¬
struction hatcheries on the Duckabush and Quilcene Rivers in
Hoods Canal.
The following tables show the total output of the salmon hatch¬
eries in the State of Washington owned by the United States Bureau
of Fisheries and the hatcheries owned by the State itself:
Output of the Salmon Hatcheries in Washington Owned by the United States
Bureau of Fisheries.
Year ending
June 30 —
Chinook.
Sockeye, or blueback. Silver.
Eggs.
Fry.
Finger-
lings,
yearlings,
and
adults.
Eggs.
Fry.
Finger-
lings,
yearlings,
and
adults.
Eggs.
Fry.
1,848, 760
7,391,886
1,791,056
6, 626, 947
5,427,680
15,637, 687
16, 774, 030
17,386, 183
4.236,276
14,846,905
6,512,738
12,372,503
11, 565, 553
9, 175, 610
1K9S
1K99
4,926,000
2,686,000
6, 581,000'
10,683,000
3,834,453
3,371,000
3,731,789
3,855,000
7, 819, 281
3,285, 130
4, 224, 255
8,514, 305
5, 430, 626
4,554,825
174, 041
1 Q02
190.1
81,812
3,984,645
8,071,081
6,445,574
3, 636, 952
13,262, 714
7,661.110
10,888,025
1904
7, 506, 000
1905
10,000
9,500
107,000
239, 180
760. 000
296, 000
272,000
275,000
1906 . .A.,
7, 714, 000
3,550,000
1,485,000
3, 050, 000
3,813,250
880, 000
1907
1908 .
1,537, 941
14, 186
75, 000
100, 000
1909
1910. .
Total . .
41,311,250
131,593,814
1, 552, 127
1,055,000
59,303,664
19, 500
1,949, 180
54, 205,954
170 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Output op the Salmon Hatcheries in Wash ngton Owned by the United States
Bureau of Fisheries — Continued.
Year ending
June 30—
Humpback.
Steelhead trout.
Total.
Eggs.
Fry.
Eggs.
Fry.
Finger-
lings,
yearlings,
and
adults.
Eggs.
Fry.
Finger-
lings,
yearlings,
and
adults.
1897
1,848,760
7,391,886
1,791,056
17,335,947
9, 436, 174
19, 118, 687
21,027,631
25, 472, 425
20, 129, 843
26,087,599
15,315,450
41,051,200
25,374,980
27, 423, 498
1898
1899
4, 926, 000
2, 686, 000
6, 581, 000
1900
26,000
1901
1902
110, 000
440,000
70, 000
3,205
540, 000
941, 505
136, 916
717, 691
1,437,038
1903 .
80, 000
255,000
414, 400
348, 000
200, 000
224, 000
220, 000
300, 000
223,815
80, 000
7,761,000
521,400
9, 183, 180
4, 510, 000
2, 582, 0C0
3,642,000
4,388,250
223, 815
1904.
176,597
1905 .
10,000
9,500
1906'. .
2,000
969, 990
1907 .
1908 .
502, 000
6, 764, 762
1,537,941
14, 186
1909 .
1910. ..
1,368,000
Total...
504, 000
9, 279, 349
2,041,400
4,422,355 1 223,815
46,860,830
258,805,130
1,795,442
Output op the Salmon Hatcheries Owned by the State of Washington.
Year ending
June 30—
Chinook
fry.
Dog fry.
Hump¬
back fry.
Silverside,
or coho,
fry.
Sockeye,
or blue-
back, fry.
Steelhead
trout fry.
Total.
1896 .
4,500,000
4, 050, 000
4, 275, 000
8,595,000
12.251.600
12.275,400
14, 766, 822
14, 283, 499
13,261,184
7, 101, 180
10, 943, 550
8, 897, 670
18. 647. 600
17, 440, 950
21,168, 350
4,500,000
9,550,000
9, 675,000
8,784,000
38, 068, 200
49,900,050
60, 150, 176
56,014,044
33, 150, 446
21,761,109
45,888,514
47, 262, 213
59,497,127
54, 282, 600
66,044,550
1897 .
5, 500, 000
5, 400, 000
1898 .
1899 .
189, 000
13, 778, 280
19, 747,894
32, 964,593
28, 659, 079
15, 725, 196
12,226,294
28, 906. 380
28, 668, 600
29, 273, 202
24,543,200
30, 894, 100
1900 .
10,301,760
16, 478,280
9, 937, 390
9, 937, 390
1, 736, 560
1,398, 476
2,481,371
3, 134, 076
3,868,866
2, 433, 635
2, 769, 784
3,575, 943
4,578, 075
4. 080, 450
4, 855, 000
1901 .
1902 .
1903 .
1904 .
295, 200
1905 .
1906 .
3, 268, 800
6, 120, 000
4, 342, 350
8, 218, 000
8, 607, 500
1907 .
1908 .
2, 655, 900
1909 .
1910 .
519, 600
Total .
172, 457, 805
77, 211,470
3, 470, 700
265,575, 818
10, 900, 000
34,912,236
564, 528,029
Note. — As the printed reports of the State in many instances report as the output the number of eggs
gathered, it has been necessary in such cases to make an arbitrary reduction from these figures, in order to
allow for the loss in the egg stage.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
171
The following table shows the plantings made in waters of Wash¬
ington other than the Columbia River by the United States Bureau
of Fisheries and the State of Washington:
Plants of Salmon Fry in the Waters of Washington Other Than the
Columbia River.
Year ending June 30 —
Puget Soimd and tributaries.
Chinook.
Sockeye.
Silver, or
coho.
Hump¬
back.
Dog.
Steelhead.
1897 .
5,500,000
5,400,000
1898 .
1899 .
7,470,000
189,000
6, 749,280
14,360,185
23,161,069
21,507,771
14,071,845
16,441,375
<*29,770,414
26,960,552
37,613,466
28,622,310
36,837,125
1900 .
10,683,000
3,834,453
3,371,000
3,731,789
3,855,000
10,301,760
16,478,280
9,937,390
9,937,390
1,572,560
1.398.476
2,591,371
o3,326,091
3.518.476
b 1,329,940
« 3, 177, 174
3, 964.30S
4,566,491
/ 4, 499, 141
6,292,338
1901 .
300,000
2,141,322
2,113,850
1,865,933
2,590,738
4,819,290
3,907,598
8,356,709
9,647,288
11,681,060
1902 .
1903 .
1904 .
471,797
1905 .
1906 .
c 3, 582, 630
969,990
4,224,255
9,420,662
1,800,000
5,220,000
2,278,350
6,048,000
7,748,500
1907 .
1908 .
8,514,305
5,430,626
4, 554,825
1909 .
1910 .
1,887,600
54,893,788
58,457,628
256,284,392
16, 974,304
69,749,670
36,236,366
Year ending June 30—
Chehalis River.
Willapa River.
Chinook.
Silver, or
coho.
Dog.
Chinook.
Silver, or
coho.
Steelhead.
1899 .
1,215,000
2,355,300
1,909,800
1900 .
881,000
653, 400
2,163,019
819,504
630,000
529,650
393,660
678,600
322.200
455.200
190,000
1901 .
1903..
1,800,000
204,876
1,800,000
2,160,000
2,250,000
654, 500
504, 000
64,000
500,000
420,390
288,000
171,550
526.500
148.500
399, 000
1904.
900,000
1905 .
1906 .
2,563,380
2,250,000
3,275,000
1,800,000
1,577,000
1,468,800
900,000
2,064,000
1,757,000
859,000
1907 .
1908 .
163,000
148, 000
403,000
1909 .
1910
7,094,100
11,465,380
7,048,800
7,526,233
9,437,376
2,643,940
Year ending June 30 —
1878.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
Total.
Total by species.
Chinook. Sockeye. «3T «*»•
9 3, 000
8,685, 000
3,236,300
2,863,200
2, 141 ,*122
4, 276, 869
3,585,437
3,220,738
5,348,940
4,301,258
9, 198, 309
10,117,488
12,539,200
5,500,000
5,400,000
10,683,000
3,834,4.53
3,371,000
3,731,789
3,855,000
3,582,630
8,514,305
5,430,626
4,554,825
189,000
6,749,280
14,360, 185
23,161,069
23,307,771
14, 276, 721
18,241,375
34, 493, 794
31,460,552
41,542, 966
30,926,310
38,478,125
69,517,121 58,457,628 277,187,148 16,974,304 76,798,470 38,880,306
471,797
969,990
4,224,255
9,420,662
1,887,600
10,301,760
16,478,280
9,937,390
9,937,390
3,268,800
6, 120,000
4,342,350
7,805,000
8,607,500
Steelhead.
1,762,560
1,398,476
2,591,371
3,826,091
3,938,866
1,617,940
3,348,724
4,490,808
4,714,991
4,898,141
6,292,338
Grand
total.
3,000
5,500,000
5,400,000
8,874,000
32,732,900
38,934,594
41,202,152
45,079,910
26,127,821
23,080,053
51,012,878
50,596,873
77,733,583
59,177,565
72,359,648
537,814,977
a Of these, 218,200 were yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
b Of these, 14,400 were eggs.
c Of these, 9,500 were yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
d Of these, 14,840 were yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
e Of these, 15,000 were yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
/ Includes 100,000 eggs.
g These were brought from the Clackamas (Oregon) station and planted m some unnamed lake.
172
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Fraser River. — The first hatchery established by the Dominion of
Canada on the Pacific coast was erected in 1884 at what is now Bon
Accord, a point on the lower river some 4 miles above New West¬
minster, and on the opposite shore. The next built was in 1901 on
Granite Creek, Shuswap Lake, which discharges into the Fraser
through the South Thompson River, the lake being about 280 miles
from New Westminster. In 1904 another hatchery was established
on Harrison Lake on the Lillooet River, first large tributary of the
Fraser on the north side; also one about 4 miles east of the lower
extremities of Pemberton Meadows, at the junction of Owl Creek
and the Birkenhead River, 4 miles above its confluence with the
eastern branch of the Lillooet River, which in turn discharges into
Lillooet Lake. In 1907 a hatchery was built on Stuart Lake, near
the headwaters of the Fraser.
The Province of British Columbia owns Seton Lake Hatchery,
which was established in 1903 on Lake Creek, on the north side, about
half a mile from the outlet of Seton Lake, and it has been operated
continuously ever since. Seton Lake is a part of the Fraser River
chain and is some 300 miles above the mouth of the river. Lake
Creek, the outlet of Seton Lake, empties into the Cayoosh Creek, a
tributary of the Fraser, 45 miles north of the latter’s junction with
the Thompson, and 1 mile south of the town of Lillooet.
Nimpkish, River. — In 1902 Mr. S. A. Spencer, of the Alert Bay
cannery (now belonging to the British Columbia Packers’ Associa¬
tion), in return for certain special fishery privileges granted by the
Dominion, established a hatchery on this river, which is located on
the northeast shore of Vancouver Island. The hatchery was burned
down in 1903, but was immediately rebuilt. Since its establishment
it has been operated by the Dominion.
Rivers Inlet. — A hatchery was established by the Dominion on
McTavish Creek, one of the tributaries of Oweekayno Lake, about 20
miles up Rivers Inlet, in 1905, and has been operated ever since.
Skeena River. — In 1902 the Dominion established a hatchery on
Lakelse Lake, in the Skeena River basin, about 65 miles up the river
from Port Essington. In 1907 another was constructed on Babine
Lake, the source of the Skeena River.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 173
The following table shows the plantings made in the waters of
British Columbia from the Dominion and provincial hatcheries:
Plants op Salmon Fry Made in the Waters of British Columbia.
Fraser River.
Year.
Dog.
Coho.
Spring, or
king.
Hump¬
back.
Sockeye.
Steel-
head
trout.
Total.
1885 .
1,800,000
2,625,000
4,414,000
5,807,000
4,419,000
6,640,000
3,603,800
6,000,000
5,674,000
6,300,000
6,390,000
10,393,000
5,928,000
5,850,000
4,742,000
6,200,000
[No fish.]
15,808,000
12,521,000
13.729.200
9,244,300
100,479,000
36,965,900
51.855.200
41,909,500
105,312,500
1,800,000
2,625,000
4,414,000
5,807,000
4,419,000
6,640,000
3,603,800
6,000,000
5,674,000
6,300,000
6,390,000
10,393,000
5,928,000
5,850,000
4,742,000
6,200,000
1886 .
1887 .
1888 .
1889 .
1890 .
1891 .
1892 .
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
1896 .
1897 .
1898 .
1899 .
1900 . ...
1901 .
1902 .
90,000
1,750,000
210,000
5,576,100
4,774,000
3,219,200
5,890,000
7,375,400
450,000
75,000
15,973,000
14,368,000
14,001,200
19,201,800
107,048,500
42,000.000
83,060,200
55,057,300
112,062,500
1903 .
75,000
22,000
1904 .
50,000
12,000
1905 .
4.381.400
1,791,500
1,814,900
2,815,000
5.772.400
6,300,000
1906 .
4,000
1907 .
1908 .
22,500,000
1909 .
1910 .
75,000
29,334,700
22,897,200
22,550,000
474,610.400
91,000
549,558,300
Skeena River. Rivers Inlet, ^River^
Year.
Sockeye.
Sockeye.
Spring, or
king.
Total.
Sockeye.
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1910 .
Total
11,
all
450,000
000,000
767,900
784, 450
125, 750
946,950
882,400
521,700
8,000,000
8,440,000
8,594,000
13,300,000
12,750,000
4,706,000
8,000,000
8,440,000
13,300,000
13,300.000
12,750,000
1,636,000
2,496,000
2,850,000
4,873,400
4,870,000
4,800,000
4,500,000
5,055.000
51,479,150
51,084,000
4,706,000
55,790,000 31,080,400
a Includes 80,000 coho fry.
174 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Plants of Salmon Fry Made in the Waters of British Columbia — Con.
Year.
Total by species.
Grand
total.
Dog.
Coho.
Spring, or
king.
Hump¬
back.
Sockeye.
Steel-
head
trout.
1885 .
1,800,000
2,625,000
4,414,000
5,807,000
4,419,000
6,640,000
3,603,800
6,000,000
5,674,000
6,300,000
6,390,000
10,393.000
5,928,000
5,850,000
4,742,000
6,200,000
15,808,000
17,607,000
20.225.200
15.862.200
117,136,850
54,401,650
74,196,150
71,591,900
134,639,200
1,800,000
2,625,000
4,414,000
5,807,000
4,419,000
6,640,000
3,603,800
6,000,000
5,674,000
6,300,000
6,390,000
10,393,000
5,928,000
5.850,000
4,742,000
6,200,000
15.973,000
19,454,000
20,497,200
25.819.700
123,706,350
59,435,750
110, 107, 150
84. 739.700
141,389,200
1886 .
—
1887 .
1888 .
1889 .
1890 .
1891 .
1892 .
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
1890 .
1897 .
1898 .
1899 .
1900 .
1902 .
90,000
1,750,000
210,000
5,576,100
4,774,000
3,219,200
5,890,000
7,375,400
450,000
75,000
1903 .
75,000
22,000
1904 .
50,000
12,000
1905 .
4.381.400
1,791,500
1,814,900
7,521,000
5.772.400
6,300,000
1906 .
4,000
1907 .
190S .
22,500.000
1909 .
1910 .
Total .
75,000
29,334,700
27,603,200
22,550,000
308,253,950
91,000
687,907,850
ALASKA.
In 1891 several of the canneries operating at Karluk, on Kodiak
Island, combined forces and built a hatchery on the lagoon at that
place. As the cannery men were at swords’ points in regard to their
fishing rights on the spit, in 1S92 the hatchery was closed. In May,
1896, the Alaska Packers’ Association broke ground for a hatchery
at the eastern end of the lagoon, near the outlet of Karluk River, a
short distance from where the hatchery was located in 1891, and has
operated this plant ever since.
In 1892 Capt. John C. Callbreath, manager of the Point Ellis
cannery, on Kuiu Island, operated a small hatchery on the left bank of
Kutlakoo stream. It was a very primitive place, and an exception¬
ally high tide destroyed the whole plant in September. It was never
rebuilt.
Capt. Callbreath, however, after seeing to the operation of the hatch-
ery, had returned to Wrangell during the summer, where his attention
was again attracted to hatchery work, and in the fall of 1892 he
built a small hatchery on Jadjeska stream, Etolin Island, about 200
yards from its mouth. The stream is about one-half mile in length
and is the outlet of a small lake. Finding the location unsuitable
Capt. Callbreath removed the hatchery in 1893 to the northern side
of the lake, about three-eighths of a mile from the head of the outlet,
where it still stands. The owner’s intention was to build up a stream
which had a small natural run of red salmon until it had a large run,
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
175
with the hope that the Government would then give him the exclusive
right to take these fish from the stream for commercial purposes.
The experiment was kept up until the end of the season of 1905,
when Capt. Callbreath’s failing eyesight compelled the cessation of
the actual hatching. Since then a man has been stationed on the
stream during the run of spawning fish for the purpose of lifting them
over the dam, so that they could reach the spawning beds at the
head of the lake. The owner’s expectation of a big run as a result
of hatching operations was never realized.
In 1896 the Baranof Packing Company, which operated a cannery
on Redfish Bay, on the western coast of Baranof Island, built a small
hatchery on the lake at the head of Redfish stream. The following
winter was so cold that not only the flume, but the whole cataract,
froze solid, and as the hatchery was thus left without water the eggs
were put into the lake and left to their fate and the hatchery closed
down permanently.
In 1S97 the North Pacific Trading & Packing Company, at Klawak..
Prince of Wales Island, established a hatchery near the head of Klawak
stream, close to Klawak Lake. In 1898 the plant was moved to the
mouth of a small stream entering the lake about halfway up the
western shore. This hatchery has been operated continuously ever
since. In 1909 the North Alaska Salmon Co. acquired a half interest
in it.
The Pacific Steam Whaling Company in 1898 erected a small hatch¬
ery on Hetta Lake, on the west side of Prince of Wales Island, which
was operated until the close of the hatching season of 1903-4, wdien
the Pacific Packing & Navigation Company, successor to the original
owner, went into the hands of a receiver. In 1907 it was reopened b}^
the Northwestern Fisheries Company, which had acquired the inter¬
ests of the old company, and has been operated each season since.
Up to 1900 the work of hatching salmon was entirely voluntary
on the part of the packers. On May 2 of that year the following
regulation was promulgated at the Treasury Department, which at
that time had control of the Alaska salmon-inspection service:
7. Each person, company, or corporation taking salmon in Alaskan waters shall
establish and conduct, at or near the fisheries operated by him or them, a suitable
artificial propagating plant or hatchery; and shall produce yearly and place in the
natural spawning waters of each fishery so operated red salmon fry in such numbers
as shall be equal to at least four times the number of mature fish taken from the said
fisheries, by or for him or them, during the preceding fishing season. The manage¬
ment and operation of such hatcheries shall be subject to such rules and regulations
as may hereafter be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. They shall be open
for inspection by the authorized official of this department; annual reports shall be
made, giving full particulars of the number of male and female salmon stripped, the
number of eggs treated, the number and percentage of fish hatched, and all other con¬
ditions of interest; and there shall be made a sworn yearly statement of the number of
fry planted and the exact location where said planting was done.
59395°— 11 - 38
176
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
On January 24, 1902, this regulation was amended so as to require
the planting of “red salmon fry in such numbers as shall be equal
to at least ten times the number of salmon of all varieties taken from
the said fisheries.”
Although the regulation was mandator}7-, but few of the packers
obeyed it, some because no suitable place was to be found within a
reasonable distance of their plants, others because the establishment
and operation of such a hatchery would cost more than their returns
from the industry justified, and others because of lack of knowledge
required in hatchery work. The greater number of them absolutely
ignored it, and as a result those who conformed to the regulation were
placed under a heavy financial handicap. The injustice of tins
arrangement was patent on its face, and in 1906, when a comprehen¬
sive revision of the law was made by Congress, provision was made
for reimbursing in the future those cannery men who operated sal¬
mon hatcheries. The section covering this point reads as follows:
Sec. 2. That the catch and pack of salmon made in Alaska by the owners of pri¬
vate salmon hatcheries operated in Alaska shall be exempt from all license fees and
taxation of every nature at the rate of ten cases of canned salmon to every one thousand
red or king salmon fry liberated, upon the following conditions:
That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor may from time to time, and on the
application of the hatchery owner shall, within a reasonable time thereafter, cause
such private hatcheries to be inspected for the purpose of determining the character
of their operations, efficiency, and productiveness, and if he approve the same shall
cause notice of such approval to be filed in the office of the clerk or deputy clerk of the
United States district court of the division of the District of Alaska wherein any such
hatchery is located, and shall also notify the owners of such hatchery of the action
taken by him. The owner, agent, officer, or superintendent of any hatchery the
effectiveness and productiveness of which has been approved as above provided
shall, between the thirtieth day of June and the thirty-first day of December of each
year, make proof of the number of salmon fry liberated during the twelve months
immediately preceding the thirtieth day of June, by a written statement under oath.
Such proof shall be filed in the office of the clerk or deputy clerk of the United States
district court of the division of the District of Alaska wherein such hatchery is located,
and when so filed shall entitle the respective hatchery owners to the exemption as
herein provided; and a false oath as to the number of salmon fry liberated shall be
deemed perjury and subject the offender to all the pains and penalties thereof. Dupli¬
cates of such statements shall also be filed with the Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
It shall be the duty of such clerk or deputy clerk in whose office the approval and
proof heretofore provided for are filed to forthwith issue to the hatchery owner, caus¬
ing such proofs to be filed, certificates which shall not be transferable and of such
denominations as said owner may request (no certificate to cover fewer than one
thousand fry), covering in the aggregate the number of fry so proved to have been
liberated; and such certificates may be used at any time by the person, company, cor¬
poration, or association to whom issued for the payment pro tanto of any license fees
or taxes upon or against or on account of any catch or pack of salmon made by them
in Alaska; and it shall be the duty of all public officials charged with the duty of col¬
lecting or receiving such license fees or taxes to accept such certificates in lieu of
money in payment of all license fees or taxes upon or against the pack of canned
salmon at the ratio of one thousand fry for each ten cases of salmon. No hatchery
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
177
owner shall obtain the rebates from the output of any hatchery to which he might
otherwise be entitled under this act unless the efficiency of said hatchery has first
been approved by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor in the manner herein pro¬
vided for.
In 1901 the Pacific Steam Whaling Company established two small
hatcheries — one on Nagel stream, which enters the northern side of
Quadra Lake, on the mainland of southeast Alaska, and one on a
stream entering Freshwater Lake Bay, Chatham Strait. Both were
closed down in 1904 when the company failed. In 1908 the North¬
western Fisheries Company, which had acquired the Quadra plant,
removed it to a small stream entering the head of the lake and has
operated it ever since.
In 1901 the Alaska Packers’ Association erected a hatchery on
Heckman Lake, the third of a series of lakes on Naha stream, Reviila-
gigedo Island, and about 8 miles from Loring, where the association
has a cannery. This is without question the largest and costliest
salmon hatchery in the world, having a capacity of 110,000,000 eggs,
and the association is entitled to great credit for the public spirit it has
shown and the work it has done, entirely without remuneration until
1906, in building and operating not only this hatchery but also the
one at Karluk.
The Union Packing Company, at Kell Bay, on Kuiu Island, and
Mr. F. C. Barnes, at Lake Bay, on Prince of Wales Island, in 1902 built
and operated small hatcheries, both of which were abandoned after
one season’s work.
Up to 1905 the work of hatching salmon in Alaska was confined to
the salmon cannery men. In that year, however, the United States
Bureau of Fisheries erected a hatchery on Yes Lake, which empties
through a short stream into Yes Bay, on Cleveland Peninsula. In
1907 the bureau constructed another hatchery, on Afognak Lake, near
Litnik Bay, Afognak Island.
The following tables show the eggs gathered and the fry planted
from the government and privately owned hatcheries in Alaska:
Output op the Salmon Hatcheries in Alaska Owned by the United States
Bureau of Fisheries, 1906 to 1910.
Yes Lake hatchery.
Afognak hatchery.
Year
ending
Red, or sockeve.
Coho, or silver.
Steelhead trout.
Red, or sockeye.
Humpback.
June 30—
Eggs
taken.
Fry liber¬
ated.
Eggs
taken.
Fry
liber¬
ated.
Eggs
taken.
Fry
liber¬
ated.
Eggs
taken.
Fry liber¬
ated.
Eggs
taken.
Fry
liber¬
ated.
Is
J 05
7,031,480
58, 210,000
65, 550, 000
50, 000, 000
72,000,000
6.638,550
54,610.800
61,369.000
48, 653, 000
09,879, 600
182,000
143,500
1908.. ..
1909
17,000
9,900
46,380,000
76,020,000
39,325, 870
71,647, 170
12,000
10,000
363,740
1910
499,400
Total .
252, 791,480
241,150,950
17, 00C
9,900
182,000
143,500
122,400,000
110, 973,040
511,400
373,740
178 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
Output of the Salmon Hatcheries in Alaska Owned by the United States
Bureau of Fisheries, 1906 to 1910 — Continued.
Year
ending
June 30 —
Total by species.
Grand total.
Red, or sockeye.
Coho, or silver.
Humpback.
Steel head trout.
Eggs
taken.
Fry liber¬
ated.
Eggs
taken.
Fry
liber¬
ated.
Eggs
taken.
Fry
liber¬
ated.
Eggs
taken.
Fry
liber¬
ated.
Eggs taken.
Fry liber¬
ated.
1906
7,031,480
58,210,000
65,550,000
90,380,000
148,020,000
6,638,550
54, 610, 800
61,369,000
87,978,870
141,526,770
7, 031,480
58, 392, 000
65,550,000
96,409,000
148,519,400
6,638,550
54,754,300
61,369,000
87,998,770
141,890,510
1907
182, 000
143,500
1908
1909 .
1910 .
Total .
17;000
9,900
12, 000
499, 400
10,000
363, 740
.
375, 191,4S0
352, 123, 990
17,000
9,900
511,400
373, 740
182,000
143,500
375,901,880
352.651,130
Output of Private Salmon Hatcheries of Alaska, 1893 to 1910.
Note. — Unless otherwise stated in footnotes, all of the fry liberated were red salmon.
Year ended June
30—
Callbreath’s hatchery.
Karluk hatchery.
Klawak hatchery.
Eggs taken.
Fry liberated.
Eggs taken.
Fry liberated.
Eggs taken.
Fry liberated.
1893 .
900,000
3,000,000
6,300,000
6,200,000
4,400,000
3,400,000
3,000,000
3,400,000
(*)
6,000,000
6,000,000
6,000,000
6,050,000
7, 700,000
(<*)
8
(•)
600,000
2,204,000
5,291,000
5,475,000
4, 390,000
2,526,000
2,050,000
2, 335, 000
1S94.
1895 .
1896 .
IS97 .
3,236,000
8,454,000
4,491,000
10,496,900
19,334,000
32, S00,000
23,400,000
28,113,000
45,500,000
36,933,000
38.679.200
47.808.200
40,320,000
45,228,000
2,556,440
, 6,340,000
3,369,000
7,872,000
15,566,800
28,700,000
17,555,000
22,000,000
33,670,000
28,236,412
36,846,000
43,655,000
37, 105,000
40,620,000
1898 .
2, 023, 000
3, 600,000
3, 600, 000
(«)
3,500,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2, 800,000
2,800,000
3, 600,000
3,500,000
3,500,000
5,800,000
800,000
3,000,000
a 1,000,000
IS99 .
1900 .
1901...
1902 .
5,500,000
5,000,000
5, 000, 000
5,250,000
6,500,000
(d)
<«)
(e)
«
2,800,000
1,500,000
1,700,000
2,000,000
2, 300,000
1,187,000
2,776,000
3,200,000
5,300,000
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1910 .
Total .
/ 63, 350, 000
52,121,000
384, 793,300
324,091,652
41,223,000
27,563,000
Year ended June
30—
Hetta hatchery.
Quadra Bay hatchery.
Freshwater Bay hatchery.
Eggs taken.
Fry liberated.
Eggs taken.
Fry liberated.
Eggs taken.
Fry liberated.
1893 .
1894 .
1895 .
1896 .
1897 .
1898 .
1899 .
2,800,000
2,000,000
1,800,000
2,500,000
4,800,000
5.127,500
(?)
(?)
(?)
8,000,000
8,400,000
10, 313,000
2,600,000
1,500,000
a 500, 000
1,700,000
4,000,000
3,750,000
(?)
(?)
(?)
6,125,000
8,134,000
9, 000, 000
1900 .
1901 .
1902 .
4,500,000
5,500,000
600,000
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
3, 325, 000
10,863,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
c 400,000
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
3,025, 750
9,850,000
1,500,000
(6)
m
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
1,000,000
l»)
(<*)
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
1903 .
1904 .
1905 .
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1910 .
Total .
45,710,500
37,309,000
24,788,000
20,775, 750
1,500,000
1,000,000
a Many eggs frozen.
b No run of fish.
c Hatchery was m t used, the eggs being hatched
out in the lake.
d No report.
e Fish coming in to spawn were lifted over the dam.
/ A considerable proportion of these are coho eggs.
g Not operated.
SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
179
Output or Private Salmon Hatcheries of Alaska, 1893 to 1910 — Continued.
Year ended June
30—
Fortmann hatchery.
Kell Bay hatchery.
Total.
Eggs taken.
Fry liberated.
Eggs taken.
Fry liberated.
Eggs taken.
Fry liberated.
1893 .
900,000
3,000,000
6,300,000
6,200,000
8,636,000
13,877,000
13,891,000
19,496,900
21,134,000
62,260,000
85,750,000
65,043,500
119,360,000
116,148,000
147.729.200
100.588.200
80,010,000
125,544,000
600,000
2,204,000
5,291,090
5,475,000
6,946, 440
9,666,000
11,019,000
12,707,000
16,066,800
■ 53,500,000
63,060,000
46,630,00ft
104,101,000
104,679,412
119,006,000
86,476,000
74,249,750
115,495,000
1894. .
1895.
1896 .
1897 .
1S98.. . .
1899 .
1900 .
1901. .
1902.
11,460,000
40,050,000
22,203,000
65,010,000
68,715,000
105,450,000
b 41,280,000
24, 465, 000
53,340,000
10,300,000
29,005,000
13,780,000
63, 181,000
67,643,000
80,973,000
33,920,000
22,785,000
50,725,000
1903 .
1°
§
2,000,000
(a)
(“)
(<*)
(a)
(a)
(«)
(a)
1901 .
1905 .
1906 .
1907 .
1908 .
1909 .
1910 .
431,973,000
372,312,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
995,867,800
837,172,402
a Not operated,
b Includes 30,000 coho eggs taken and 27,000 fry liberated.
.
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11