Report of the Committee on standard tests..

(The Institute is not responsible for statements of facts or

opinions expressed in advance papers. This paper is

subject to revision by the Board of Directors.)

(Copyright, 1916, by American Gas Institute.)
f.f

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON STANDARD

TESTS.

WRITTEN FOR THE ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMER-
ICAN GAS INSTITUTE, OCTOBER, 1916, BY DR. J. F. WING,
CHAIRMAN.

It has been the task of this Committee to comply with an
insistent demand for comparable or uniform methods of stat-
ing the results of testing or, more broadly, the results of oper-
ating a manufacturing unit or plant. The object of this
standardization is to facilitate the study of the efficiency of
materials, apparatus and methods by comparing the results
obtained at different times and places. This object is most
nearly attained when the operation and results are reported in
a comparable manner.

, The task which the Technical Committee set for us, would
not be very hard for anybody to do to his own satisfaction.
All gas companies have their own forms and methods, more
or less complete, and it is this very diversity and independence
which creates the demand for standardization in reporting
those data which are of interest, and profitable to compare.
This diversity of practice makes the committee diffident in ex-
pecting its recommendations will be wholly acceptable to all.

The field covered by this report is already large, too large
perhaps, and still other details might be included. Since it
contains the views of so small a number and the subject is so
important, it is offered to the Institute this year as a prelimi-
nary report for criticism and for instructions.

In the early days of gas associations, and even in the earlier
prehistoric days, when two or three gas men wrere gathered
together, there would be one among them who would modestly

432051

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. >•••?•••%.'

mention the high candle-power he was getting. Then another,
whose candle-power was not so high, would complacently in-
form them about the large yield of gas per pound of coal,
which he was producing, and both parties were probably con-
tent with their results.

Now, of course, if the physical conditions of the measure-
ments were ignored, their flattering results might not be even
true; and if the conditions of operating were only casually
noted, it would be difficult for another to divine the reason for
the success in some works and to discover the faults in his
own.

Many of us can remember how ingeniously the expression
"candle-feet per pound," when he first heard it, seemed to
reconcile the relations of quality and quantity.

Although changes and improvements were continually tak-
ing place, the summary "candle-feet per pound of coal" an-
swered very well as long as good coals were widely available
and the annual reviews of the state of the art reported that
"there has not been much progress in carbonization," which
was not so very long ago, and a production of 80 candle-feet
per pound was satisfactory.

This state of affairs changed when in consequence of the
poorer quality of much of the gas coal used, and the adoption
of improved designs, it became realized that the range in
candle- feet per pound extended from 70 to 100, and that the
by-products varied quite widely in quality and quantity.

We have in the manufacturing results in water gas plants,
also a wide variation at different times and places.

The art of gas manufacture has improved so much, and the
urgency of economy is so great, that it is important to study
these reported variations in efficiency, and to note the condi-
tions under which they are obtained.

If this collection and exchange of information is to be most
productive, it must be carried out quite extensively and in a
uniform manner. This necessity has given the impetus for
preparing a standard scheme for reporting conditions and re-
sults.

It is important to record just what you are doing when you
are doing well, so that the same conditions may be followed
again. High results are due to close control. Besides, there
are still many points in the art which are not understood and
which we are hopeful of elucidating. Then again, when some
other plant is doing better than your own it is convenient to
have a common basis of comparison, and not infrequently, to
satisfy yourself that it is doing better.

The most urgent necessity of standardization seems to have
arisen within a few years on account of the improvements in
manufacture and the different designs of plants. In order to
meet changing commercial conditions, and to supply an in-
creased demand for gas, most companies have been expanding
or rebuilding the plants, or installing new ones. Some have
been enterprising enough to install novel designs after study-
ing plans. But many more have cautiously tried to select an
installation after inspecting and comparing the cost and effi-
ciency of several operating plants and have been puzzled over
the question of efficiency of production, which is influential
in determining a choice, owing to the unfamiliar, or it may be,
the incomplete methods of recording the materials used and
the results.

Here is a case where comparable and reliable data assist in
determining a considerable investment, and in confirming the
claims of competing advocates, whose good faith is not ques-
tioned.

These designs may be all good in their own peculiar way,
that is, superior for some special objective.

The usefulness of this code is for conducting and report-
ing tests. The form is recommended for reporting manufac-
turing data. It is profuse and even complicated in detail and
still might be extended. But is is thought that any of the data
called for might be desired and considered of influence. -

Some of the observations may be infrequent. Thus the
data not easily subject to change may be taken day and night;
but variable data should be observed hourly during a test.
In routine manufacturing reports many items could be omitted,

but they should be remembered as points of attention for the
proper management of the plant.

"Note the specific object of the test, and keep this in view
not only in the work of preparation but also during the prog-
ress of the test, and do not let it be obscured by too close
attention to matters of minor importance. Whatever the ob-
ject of the test may be, accuracy and reliability must underlie
the work from beginning to end.

"If questions of fulfillment of contract are involved, there
should be a clear understanding between all the parties prefer-
ably in writing as to the operating conditions, wrhich should
obtain during the trial, and as to the methods of testing to be
followed .unless these are already expressed in the contract
itself."

The purpose of a test of a plant or a unit may be to deter-
mine the efficiency of the apparatus itself while using familiar
materials, the materials in a familiar apparatus, or a varia-
tion of the method of operating.

Now any one change in the materials or method of operating
involves a long chain of changes in the conditions, which might
be illustrated in several ways. Therefore, in order to obtain
any valuable and tangible information many data of conditions
must be taken, since it is difficult to ascribe the proper cause
to an effect.

The scheme does not provide for reporting costs of labor
or repairs. These are details of management. They would be
apt to be high anyway in a test run for large results.

The test must be preceded by a thorough examination of the
plant or apparatus concerned, in order to be certain that it is
in good order and that all defects may be remedied, thus
avoiding interruptions and the opportunity for deceiving re-
sults in a test for efficiency.

Leaks in apparatus, connections, piping and especially
valves must be corrected, obstructions in flues and connections
sought and removed. All seals and drips must be put in work-
ing order. All mechanical apparatus must be inspected and
put in order.

The person in charge of the test should have the aid of a
sufficient number of assistants so that he may be free to give
special attention to any part of the work whenever and where-
ever it may be required. He should make sure that the instru-
ments and testing apparatus continually give reliable indica-
tions and that the readings are correctly recorded. He should
also keep in view at all points, the operation of the plant under
test and see that the operating conditions determined on are
maintained and that nothing occurs either by accident or de-
sign to vitiate the data. This last precaution is especially
needed in guarantee tests.

A memorandum should be made of every unusual condition
and occurrence with the exact time. All observations must be
recorded promptly and faithfully in a permanent manner with
the time noted on the log sheet, signed by the observer.

In the chemical tests of materials and products, as well as
those made for the control of operations, it is recommended
that the methods of sampling and analysis proposed by the
Committee on Chemical Tests of the American Gas Institute
be followed.

In the observation of the data of the physical tests made on
the operation or on the products, it is important that all the
standards and measuring apparatus should be known to be
accurate, within narrow limits. It may seem perfunctory to
utter this caution, but often too much confidence is placed in
the condition and accuracy of apparatus. Many different in-
struments have to be used to take all the observations sched-
uled, some are liable to error for more than one cause, and
not the less if they are used infrequently, so that it is not im-1
possible that a critical examination will expose somethin^
This applies to everything from the platform scales to the
calorimeter.

The result of the test of a plant is the sum of many factors.
If some of the factors are incorrect, one may wonder for 24
hours, at the results of a 24-hour test.

The length of time to be taken' for a manufacturing test
must be determined by the discretion and convenience of those

interested. One week would appear to be the shortest dura-
tion which would give satisfactory and valuable information.
If this short period is the limit great care must be taken to
avoid unusual conditions, in order to prevent self deception,
which is not so probable in a longer test.

It must not be understood that one week is sufficient dura-
tion for a serious test of a carbonizing plant. But such a
period will give information concerning a variation in the
method of operating a water gas plant, and also concerning a
variation in the generator fuel, and in coal used in carbonizing
apparatus, when the manufacturing conditions are unchanged.

A carbonizing plant responds more slowly than the other to
changed conditions of operating 'on account of the large mass
of heated material, therefore it requires much longer to evolve
the best conditions for operating the fires and to determine
the best conditions for carbonizing the coal.

A further reason for extending the test of a carbonizing
plant over a long period is that large quantities of coal are
used daily from the storage, and there is much probability that
the coal will not be uniform in its condition and even not be
from the same source or shipment all the time. Hence too
short a period of test may be misleading.

If the object of a guarantee test is to produce a large vol-
ume, a period of one week is too short, since it is possible to
run that length of time at an abnormal and imprudent inten-
sity, which could not be continued without danger of injuring
the setting. Permanency and reliability are important to be
proven.

A carbonizing test should extend a month or longer. In a
new plant if it is to be a guarantee test, it should not be under-
taken before the plant has run long enough to be in normal
operation. Formerly when the retorts were all horizontal and
rather lightly charged, a month would include the scurfing or
burning out time, nowadays it would hardly occur so often.
A month is about the shortest period for which the residuals
tar and ammonia can be determined satisfactorily. Also, in

case a residue of coal must be measured, there is less per cent.
of error after a long period.

A water gas plant should be tested for one week or longer.
In this case the efficiency may be determined more quickly,
but the workmanship and reliability must also be assured.

It is not necessary to expand this report by including in it
directions for testing the quantity and quality of the gas.
Authoritative and minute directions for testing station meters
are accessible to the Institute members in the Gas Institute
News for December, 1915, p. 528.

Directions for candle-power observations are given in the
valuable report of the Committee on Methods of Taking
Candle-power of Gas, published in the PROCEEDINGS of the
American Gas Institute for 1907, and in a supplementary re-
port in the PROCEEDINGS for 1908.

The calorific value of the gas in British thermal units
should be determined by following the explicit and practical
directions, adopted in 1910 by the Joint Committee on Calo-
rimetry for the Second Public Service District in New York,
as nearly as circumstances will permit. These regulations
were published in the report of the Joint Committee in 1913
and were printed in the PROCEEDINGS of the American Gas
Institute for that year.

These directions are based on the work of the Committee on
Calorimetry of the American Gas Institute, which was re-
ported in 1908 and 1909 in the PROCEEDINGS. These reports,
in pamphlet form, may be obtained from the Secretary.

BY-PRODUCTS.

When we turn from the elegant and accurate methods of
determining the quantity and quality of the gas produced, to
consider the by-products, coke, tar and ammonia, we find some
difficulty in obtaining satisfactory measurements.

Tar and Ammonia.

The tar and ammonia are usually collected in large tanks al-
ready containing these products so that reliable measurements
cannot be made when a short test run is carried out. If

8

these are the conditions, the test should continue long enough
for the tar and ammonia collected to amount to so much that
a slight error in measurement would not make a large per-
centage of the quantity.

In order to obtain reliable measurements from a short test,
separate tanks of small size must be available. Both of these
by-products must be tested chemically in order to determine
the actual tar and ammonia.

Coke.

The coke made and used as fuel should be reported as dry.
When a test, which is of some importance is being made, it all
should be weighed, although it is laborious and inconvenient
to do so, by some method that can be adapted in the plant.

When the object is to check the production of coke in con-
tinuous manufacture, it is out of the question to weigh it all,
but periodic weighings should be made to check the measures
of yield, breeze and fuel.

The coal carbonized and the water gas generator fuel should
be weighed, all the time, either as car loads or as smaller units.

So far we have used the term "coke" in a general sense.
In practice it seems desirable to use these definitions. Coke
is that portion of the entire product discharged from a retort
after carbonization which will pass over a screen having l/2-
inch square openings.

Breeze is that portion which will pass through these open-
ings.

This distinction is somewhat arbitrary, although it is quite
widely accepted.

It is important, for purposes of comparison, that it be spec-
ified how the coke should be screened. In practice and com-
mercially, different plants use rotary screens, shaking screens
and screens inclined at different angles. These modifications
are equivalent to openings of different sizes and are further
influenced by the rate of screening.

Take the coke immediately on discharging before it is sub-
jected to other handling. Enough lots should be taken to have

samples representing actual conditions. In horizontal and in-
clined retorts the coke from a vertical tier must be taken;
from vertical retorts and ovens also, it must be taken from
several, in order to include all conditions. It is recommended
that the coke be forked, then thrown on a ^2 -inch screen, 3
feet wide by 6 feet long, inclined at an angle of 40° from the
horizontal.

Yields of Coke and Breeze.

In order to make the reported yields comparable, it is de-
sirable that the calculations should be made on a basis of dry
coke and dry breeze from dry coal. The total product from
the retorts on which the determination is to be made should
be screened to separate the merchantable coke from the breeze.
After screening, the weights of coke and breeze should be de-
termined. Samples of both coke and breeze should be taken
immediately after the product has been weighed and moisture
determinations made thereon. From the result of these mois-
ture tests the total number of pounds of the dry coke and of
the dry breeze should be calculated. The yield of dry coke
from dry coal is then calculated by dividing the total number
pounds (or tons) of dry coke produced by the total number
of pounds (or tons) of dry coal charged in the retorts which
were used in the tests.

The net dry coke does often agree in percentage with the
result of the crucible test of the coal, but the only way to ob-
tain reliable figures for the yield is to weigh that produced in
the operation.

There are some properties of the coke which are important
to be noted. The chemical composition is called for in the
schedule for reporting the tests. Certain physical properties
are important in deciding whether a coke is suitable for serv-
ice where the most exacting requirements of its quality are
demanded, that is, in a blast furnace.

Therefore, the coke may be subjected to several kinds of
tests to determine its character.

i st. The shatter test to determine its relative breakage on
handling.

10

2nd. The porosity test.

3rd. The specific gravity test.

4th. The crushing test.

5th. The test for solubility in carbonic acid at high tem-
peratures.

Of all these tests, the results of only the second and third
can be expressed absolutely.

The shatter test can be made quite satisfactorily, both as to
simplicity and consistency in the results, and gives perhaps the
most information about its physical value, since if it is rela-
tively resistant to shattering, it must be quite tough and dense,
more suitable for transportation and for ordinary fuel pur-
poses.

The fourth and fifth tests have been studied but have not
been developed so that they are entirely dependable, and they
are not advocated.

These tests are described in Technical Paper No. 50 of 'the
Bureau of Mines on Metallurgical Coke.

Shatter Test of Coke.

This description is taken from the Technical Paper No. 50,
verbatim, except the modification that the sample used should
all be over the 2-inch screen.

For a comparative test it seems as applicable to the large
oven cokes with each other, as to retort cokes with each other.
There is no common basis of comparing cokes from different
sources.

"The apparatus for making the test as shown in Fig. 23
consists of a supported box capable of holding 100 pounds of
coke, the bottom of the box being 6 feet above a cast-iron
plate. The doors on the bottom are so hinged and latched that
they will swing freely when opened and will not inpede the
fall of the coke. Boards about 8 inches high are placed around
the iron plate so that no coke may be lost. With a coke fork
a sample of approximately 50 pounds over 2-inch size is placed
in the box, no attempt being made to arrange it therein. The
entire contents of the box is dropped four times on the iron

II

plate, the small material and the dust being returned each
time with the large coke. After the fourth drop the material
is screened on a screen of 2-inch mesh ; the coke that remains

Shatter Test Apparatus.

on the screen and what passes through are weighed and the
breakage is determined. If the sum of the weights indicates a
loss of over i per cent, the test is rejected and a new one
made.''

Method for the Determination of Apparent Specific Gravity.

Weigh out 8 to 10 pieces of representative dry coke, and

completely immerse in water in the special tank for at least

12

5 minutes. Add enough water to fill the tank exactly to a
fixed mark near the top, then take out the coke pieces, drain-
ing each into the tank for about 30 seconds. By means of a
suitable measuring stick, graduated to read liters and tenths,
measure the space from the mark down to the water level.
This space is equal to the apparent volume of the coke.

Weight of coke (kilos)

— r— -^-p r- = Apparent sp. gr. of coke.

Apparent volume '(liters)

Measuring Stick and Special Tank.

The special tank is conveniently a cylindrical can with ver-
tical sides, about 2 feet high and i foot in .diameter.

For measuring thrust the stick vertically down the side of
the tank inside until the stop rests on the top. Zero on the
stick then is level with the mark. Take out the stick and take
reading down to the point where it is wet.

Method for the Determination of True Specific Gravity.

Apparatus. — A 100 cubic centimeter measuring flask, whose
weight alone, and when filled exactly to the mark with the
benzol at the temperature of tests, is known. This tempera-
ture must be the same as that of the room at the time of mak-
ing- the tests.

Determination. — Fill the flask nearly half full with benzol,
then add 30 grams coke (80 mesh or finer), by means of a
glass funnel, in such a way that it will drop directly into the
benzol, a little at a time. Agitate, by rotary shaking, to elimi-
nate all air,' then fill exactly to the mark with benzol and re-
weigh.

Let A = weight of flask filled with benzol.

Let B = weight of flask alone.

Let C — weight of flask filled with 30 grams coke and

benzol.
Then:

<M (A -- B)

-— - = = True sp. gr. of coke.

13

Calculation for the Determination of Porosity or Percentage
of Cellular Space.

True sp. gr. — app. sp. gr.

r* - — Cellular space.

True sp. gr.

Method for the Determination of Moisture.
For moisture determinations of either coke or breeze, rep-
resentative samples, preferably not less than 50 pounds, should
be taken and carefully weighed. These samples should then
be put in a drying closet, which is kept at a temperature of
115° C. The drying closet should be provided with a means
for insuring continuous ventilation. After 8 hours the sample
may be taken out and weighed. The loss of weight divided by
the original weight of the sample is the percentage of moisture.

Weight Balance.

The weight balance from carbonization can be determined
with much less difficulty to a close approximation than that
from water gas manufacture. But even in the former it must
be remembered that there are inevitable losses of deposited
pitch and of gas at the charging and discharging of retorts.

The inherent difficulties of measuring, sampling and testing
a water-gas plant for a weight balance are very great, and it
does not seem advisable to recommend it.

To determine the weight of gas, take the specific gravity at
the same temperature as the meter. Then multiply this spe-
cific gravity by the weight of a cubic foot of air saturated at
this temperature, and by the metered volume of gas corrected
for barometric and meter pressure only.

Codes.

The appended codes for reporting tests of carbonizing
plants and water-gas-generating apparatus are proposed. The
items of the codes are numbered. It is to be noted that those
numbered in large type are the most essential ones, which
taken together, are -short codes in cases where less detail is
acquired.

14

FORM FOR REPORTING TEST OF A COAL
CARBONIZING PLANT.

1. Plant at

2. Duration of test, to determine

DESCRIPTION OF CARBONIZING APPARATUS.

3. Name and type of retort or oven setting

4. Number of benches in use

5. Number of retorts in use

6. Dimensions of retort or chamber

7. Material used in retorts and settings

8. Days run since retorts were set or rebuilt

9. Condition of retorts

10. Average time since scurfing

11. Number and size of standpipes per retort

12. Kind of seal for dippipes

13. Method of charging retorts

14. Method of discharging retorts

15. Name and type of furnace

16. Dimensions of furnace

17. Size and description of grate

18. Primary air heated, temperature

19. Secondary air heated, temperature

20. Method of clinker prevention — Waste gas return, steam, etc.

21. Pounds steam per pound coke

22. Nature of air regulation
2;]. Kind of draught

24. Horse-power of fans, if used

25. Are waste heat boilers used

26. Heating surface, square feet

27. Method of draught for boilers

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS.
GAS COAL :

28. Kind of coal and source

29. Condition : Weathered, fresh, lumpy, fine, wet, dry

30. Approximate Analysis: Per cent. Pounds in coal used
Moisture ,

Volatile combustible
Fixed carbon
Ash

Total

31. SULPHUR:

32. Ultimate Analysis :
Hydrogen
Carbon

Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Ash

Total

33. B. t. u. per pound

PRODUCERS :

34. Kind and size of fuel

35. Moisture

36. Volatile combustibles

37. Fixed carbon

38. Ash

39. Sulphur

40. B. t. u. per poured

41. Analysis of ash

42. Fusing point of ash

43. Nature of ash and clinker

44. Fuel gas, kind and source

45. Fuel gas, B. t. u. per cubic foot

46. Approximate Analysis of Coke Produced:

Moisture Per cent.

Volatile combustibles
Fixed carbon
Ash

47. Sulphur

48. B. t. u. per pound

49. Analysis of ash

50. Fusing point of ash

51. Breeze through ^-inch square openings, per cent.

52. Apparent specific gravity

53. True specific gravity

54. Shatter tests

OPERATION.

55. Average duration of charge

56. Time in retort in continuous system

57. Average weight of charge

58. How is this weight determined

. i6

59. Coal carbonized per retort per day

60. Coal carbonized per lineal foo't per day

61. Method of weighing total coal

62. Method of weighing total coke

63. How is coke handled

64. Per cent, of retort hours lost for scurfing repairs

65. Fuel gas used per 100 pounds coal

66. Fuel used in furnace per 100 pounds coal

67. B. t. u. in fuel per 100 pounds coal

68. Fuel burned per square foot grate

69. Size of fuel used

70. How is fuel weighed

71. Depth of fuel in producer

72. Producer charging intervals

73. Clinkering intervals

74. Time for clinkering

75. Method of clinkering "

76. Cleaning intervals for outlet pipes

77. Per cent, ash discarded

78. Combustible per TOO pounds coal

79. Average temperature outside air

80. Average temperature preheated air, outlet regenerator

81. Average temperature combustion chamber or oven flues

82. Average temperature retort chamber

83. Average temperature retorts

84. Average temperature vertical retorts Top Middle Bottom

85. Average temperature inlet recuperator, waste gas

86. Average temperature outlet recuperator, waste gas

87. Average temperature inlet waste heat boiler

88. Average temperature outlet waste heat boiler

89. Average temperature standpipes

90. Average temperature foul mains Rich main Fuel gas main

91. How often is primary inspected and adjusted

92. How often is secondary inspected and adjusted

93. Air used per cubic foot fuel gas

04. Cubic feet primary mixture per pound fuel

95. Per cent. CO-, in primary mixture

96. Cubic feet secondary air per pound fuel

97. Per cent. CO2 in waste gas

98. How is the air measured

99. Pressure under grate

100. Pressure combustion chamber

101. Pressure outlet recuperation

102. Analysis

Inlet regenerator Outlet regenerator

CO.

02

CO

103. Leakage per cent.

104. Average pressure at retort outlet

105. Average pressure in foul mains

106. Average pressure at meter inlet

107. Average pressure of barometer

108. Average temperature at meter inlet

MANUFACTURING RESULTS.
(Computed from Dry Coal.)

109. Gas made by meter cubic feet
no. Type of meter

in. Volume correction factor

112. Gas made corrected to 60° 30 inches barometer

and zero pressure at the meter inlet cubic feet

113. Coal carbonized, as charged pounds

114. Coal carbonized, dry pounds

115. Lump coke made, dry pounds

116. Breeze made, dry pounds

117. Total coke made, dry pounds

118. Total coke made, dry per cent.

119. Gas per pound of coal cubic feet

1 20. Gas per retort per day

121. Average candle-power with burner

122. Average candle-power with Metropolitan No. 2

123. Candle-feet per pound with burner

124. Candle-feet per pound with Metropolitan No. 2

125. Gas for test taken from

126. Frequency of tests

127. Standard used

128. Oil dew point of gas as tested

129. Water dew point of gas as tested

130. Specific gravity of gas

131. Average B. t. u. in gas

132. Thermal feet per pound

133. Analysis of Gas:

CO. 111. 02 CO H2 CH4 N2
Illuminating
Fuel

i8

134. H2S in gas at foill main

135. H2S in gas at inlet purifiers

136. Cyanogen in gas at foul main

137. Naphthalene in gas at outlet purifiers

138. Fixed sulphur in gas at outlet purifiers

139. Total ammonia recovered

140. Ammonia made per ton coal

141. Total tar made, dry

142. Tar made per ton coal, dry

143. Free carbon in tar

144. Naphthalene in tar

grains in 100 cu. ft.

grains in 100 cu. ft.

grains in 100 cu. ft.

grains in 100 cu. ft.

grains in 100 cu. ft.

pounds

pounds

gallons

gallons

per cent.

per cent.

145. Distillation of tar, degrees Centigrade:

Moisture to 110° per cent. to 270°
to 170° per cent. to 300°
to 235° per cent. Residue

146. Water evaporated in waste heat boiler

147. Water evaporated from and at 212°

148. Water evaporated per net ton carbonized, from

and at 212°

per cent,
per cent,
per cent.

pounds
pounds

pounds

149. Boiler horse-power developed

150. Average steam pressure of waste heat boiler

151. WEIGHT BALANCE:

Products.
Water :
Aqueous drips

/ Ton Coal.
Moisture

Vol. comb. f/c

Fixed carbon %

Ash %

Ibs.
Ibs.
Ibs.
Ibs.

Accounted for

2,000 Ibs.
Ibs.

Absorbed in purifiers
in tar

Gas, cu. ft. X sp. gr. X
Wet air
Tar, dry
Coke, dry

ibs.
Ibs.
Ibs.

Ibs.
Ibs.
Ibs.

Total Ibs.

Less extraneous air ibs.

Accounted for

ibs.

19

FORM FOR REPORTING TEST OF WATER GAS
GENERATORS.

CARBURETED WATER GAS GENERATING SETS

1. Plant at

2. Duration of test

3. To determine

DESCRIPTION OF GENERATING APPARATUS.

4. Name of set

5. Outside diameter of generator carbureter superheater

6. Inside diameter of generator carbureter superheater

7. Lining, thickness of brick and asbestos

8. Grate area Average depth of fuel carried

9. Length of fixing brick columns carbureter superheater

10. Number of fixing Urick

11. Kind of brick

12. Spacing of brick

13. Number of cleaning doors on generator

14. Size of cleaning doors on generator

15. Kind of grate, fixed or shaking, per cent, of air space

16. Number hours run since recheckering carbureter

17. Distance from oil spray to checker bricks

18. Kind of oil spray

DESCRIPTION OE MATERIALS.

A. Fuel :

ig. Kind Method of weighing

20. Size Used hot or cold

21. How sampled

22. Approximate analysis : Moisture
Volatile combustible Fixed carbon

23. Ash Sulphur

24. B. t. u. per pound

25. Analysis of ash

26. Fusing point of ash

B. 27. Enriching oil: Shipper

28. Field Specific gravity

29. Analysis, per cent, to degrees Fahrenheit:

300° 400° 500° 600° 700° over 700°

C. 30. Steam: Live or exhaust How measured

31. Saturated . Superheated to

32. Pressure at regulating valve

20

D. 33. Air: Type of blower used/

34. Revolutions and capacity

35. Size generator blast connection

36. Size carbureter blast connection

37. Type of meter used

OPERATION.
Make :

38. Gas made by meter

39. Type of meter when tested .
• 40. Average temperature at meter inlet

41. Average pressure at meter inlet

42. Average barometric pressure

43. Volume correction factor

44. Total gas made corrected to 60° 30 inches barometer

and zero pressure at meter inlet

45. Gas made per run

46. Gas made per hour

47. Gas made per hour deducting cleaning time

48. Gas made per set per day

49. Gas made per set per day per square foot grate area

Fuel:

50. Total fuel used as fired

51. Fuel per M as fired

52. Fuel per M dry

53. Fixed carbon per M from analysis

54. Ash and clinker removed during cleans, and discarded to dump

55. Dry ash, etc.

56. Theoretical ash per M from analysis

57. Combustible per M

Oil Results:

58. Oil used by meter

59. Oil used by tank

60. Oil used by tank corrected to temperature of 60°

61. Oil per M, corrected

Gas Tests:

62. Candle-power of gas with burner

63. Candle-power of gas with Metropolitan No. 2 burner

64. Candles per gallon with burner

65. Candles per gallon with Metropolitan No. 2 burner

66. Gas for test taken from

67. Frequency of tests

68. Standard used

21

69. Oil dew point of gas as tested

70. Water dew point of gas as tested

71. Calorific value of gas at

72. Frequency of tests

73. Kind of calorimeter used

74. B. t. u. per^gallon of oil

75. Specific gravity of gas

76. Per cent. CO2 in finished gas

77. How frequently determined

Blozv and Run :

78. Length of blow after clean

79. Nominal length of blow

80. Average actual length of blow-
Si. Length of purge with blast

82. Generator air per minute

83. Average carbureter air per minute

84. Generator air per M

85. Carbureter air per M

86. Total air per M

87. Average blast pressure under grate

88. Nominal length of run

89. Actual length of run

90. Coaling periods

91. Cleaning periods

92. Total time for cleanings

93. Method of splitting runs

94. Pounds of steam per M

Temperatures :

95. Carbureter base

96. Superheater base

97. Superheater top

98. Outlet wash-box

99. Outlet exhauster

100. Inlet condenser

101. Outlet condenser

102. Inlet tar extractor

103. Inlet purifier

104. Outlet purifier

105. Outlet station meter

106. Atmosphere

107. Air at blast meter

108. Oil in tank

109. Oil entering set

22

no. Analyses of blast and illuminating gases:

Illuminating Blast

CO2
• 02

Illuminants

CO

CH4

H2

Ni
in. Water gas tar made

112. Distillation of tar, degrees Centigrade:

Moisture to 110° per cent. to 270° per cent,
to 170° per cent. to 300° per cent,
to 235° per cent. Residue per cent.

113. Water gas tar, specific gravity

114. W^ater gas tar dry, per cent, by weight of oil used

DR. J. F. WING, Chairman,

R. N. DAVIS,

O. B.. EVANS,

J. H. TAUSSIG,

V. VON STARZKNSKI.

432051

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY