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Full text of "Report of the Psychopathic laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago, for the years May 1, 1914, to April 30, 1917"

REPORT 



OF THE 



PSYCHOPATHIC 
LABORATORY 



OF THE 



MUNICIPAL COURT 

OF CHICAGO 



FOR THE YEARS 



May 1, 1914, to April 30, 1917 



Report 



of the 



Psychopathic Laboratory 



of the 



Municipal Court of Chicago 



F II T II /•; ) /•; 1 // .s 
May i, 191^, io April 30, 1917 



Fred Klein Co.. Printers. Chicago. 



INDEX 



Judiciary 5 

Preface '. " 

Introduction 17 

Psychopathology 28 

The Boys Court 49 

The Morals Court 92 

Domestic Relations Branch 107 

Bastardy Cases 126 

Outsyde Crinn'nal Branches 132 

Conclusion 149 

Appendix 170 

Performance Tests 174 

Case and Familv Histories 367 






JUDICIARY 

CHIEF JUSTICE HARRY OLSON 

ASSOCIATE JUDGES: 

Terms Expires 1918. 

BARASA, BERNARD P. LA BUY, JOSEPH S. 

COURTNEY, JOHN MAHONEY, JOHN A. 

FISHER, HARRY M. PRINDIVILLE, JOHN K. 

GEMMILL, WM. N. RAFFERTY, JOSEPH P. 

KEARNS, HUGH J. WADE, EDWARD T. 

Terms Expires 1920 

DONAHOE, JAMES JARECKI, EDMUND K. 

DOYLE, LEO J. STELK, JOHN 

FRY, SHERIDAN E. SULLIVAN, DENNIS W. 

GOODNOW, CHAS. N. TRUDE, SAMUEL H. 
GRAHAM, FRANK H. 

Terms Expires 1922 

CAVERLY, JOHN R. NEWCOMER, JOHN R. 

COOK, WELLS M. RICHARDSON, JOHN 

DOLAN, HARRY P. STEWART, HUGH R. 

HAAS, JOHN F. SWANSON, JOHN A. 

HAYES, HOWARD WELLS. HOSEA W. 



EXECUTIVE STAFF 

FRANK P. DANISCH Clerk 

ANTON J. CERMAK Bailiff 

PSYCHOPATHIC LABORATORY 

DR. WM. J. HICKSON Director 




HARRY OLSON 

CHIEF JUSTICE 
Municipal Court ol" Chicago 



PREFACE. 

A large amount of space was given in the "Tenth and Eleventh An- 
nual Reports" of the :Municipal Court to the results disclosed by the 
Psychopathic Laboratory, because its conclusions are based upon the most 
extensive as well as intensive study of criminals in this country, and it 
v.-as important that these facts should be laid ])efore the medical and 
legal professions and the public. The demand for this part of the report 
from the legal and medical professions, from penologists, from social 
workers, and from students of criminolog}- has been so great that it is 
here reprinted with the addition of more than a hundred pages of per- 
formance tests besides those included in the annual report. These tests 
ilKiminatc the findings of the Laboratory. 

The facts contained in the report are gathered as an incident to 
the annual outlay of nearly $6,000,000.00 for the police department and 
nearly $1,000,000.00 a year court expenditures in a city of tw^o and 
one-half million people. They are expensive facts, therefore, that can 
nowhere else be gathered together with the same facility. The five 
thousand policemen of the city act as agents in bringing material to 
the laboratory. No medical school has or could afford such a clinic. 

Then, too, the conclusions of the report are important to the 
country at this time, when war is bringing together the youth of the 
land in cantonments and naval stations, where they are being fitted 
for duties preparatory to the winning of the war. While the psycho- 
pathic material thus brought together will be a very small percentage 
of the whole, yet this small percentage will make trouble for their 
superiors and do damage to their associates and the cause for which 
we are fighting altogether out of proportion to their numbers. The 
physicians in military service will learn of conditions of mental 
deficiency among the general population in certain localities, the 
extent of which has not been heretofore suspected. The United States 
Government, in the interests of efficiency and economy, is taking steps 
to examine mentally all suspected material for the Army and Navy. 
It is hoped this report will be of interest and help to the government, 
both in making selections for service and in administering the military 
law. 

In the "Third Annual Report" of this Court a plan for recording 
data concerning criminals was outlined as a result of a report of Com- 
mittee A of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology. 
By comparing that report with the results shown in this it will be seen 

— 7 — 



how aotiial l:il)(irat<>n Iiiii1iiik> and experience on actual nialerial have 
turned out to he so widely dilTerent from the a priori ideas and specula- 
tions which were the hasis of this earlier report. 

The role the mental defective plays in crime is fully indicated 
by this report. It cr)vcrs three years and 4,447 cases, possibly excell- 
ing in breadth anfl variety of material any examination of this sort 
ever made. 

It leads, in its C(jnclusions, to steps of an immediate nature, calcu- 
lated to alTurd a real advance in criminal law as a pragmatic science 
within a few years, and to ultimate steps of a far-reaching social 
importance. 

The heart of the report is found, of course, in the data afiforded 
by intensive study of so many cases, arranged and classified so as to 
yield the greatest amount of information. It will be seen, on study, 
that the data support each other in various ways. Just so it should 
be said that the prognoses of the laboratory are being daily confirmed 
by the conduct of the "cases" examined in it. 

Just one example of this : On February 8, 1918, one Lindrum 
was hanged in the Cook County jail for having committed an atrocious 
murder. Not long after it was discovered that the laboratory had a 
record of this criminal. Two years previously he had been in court 
for a lesser crime, and had been examined in the laboratory and found 
to be of the type that has proved most dangerous, dementia praecox 
grafted on intelligence defect, — pfropfhebephrenia. This is the type 
which is unsafe at large. If there had been a "retreat" to which Lindrum 
could have been committed on indeterminate sentence, he would now be 
there engaged in some form of useful labor, his victim would be alive, 
and the community would have been spared one of its shocking and re- 
volting incidents. 

With the knowledge now available we cannot much longer persist 
in the traditional handling of these cases. We do not know how many 
others like Lindrum are at large, who have been tested and found 
potentially dangerous, and who will later confirm the diagnosis by 
some hideous crime. But until we have provided the proper farm 
colony for their detention there can be no safety. We do know that 
there are hundreds of like type at large or in penal institutions from 
which they will sooner or later emerge to renew their depredations. 
The existing system is neither fair to the public nor to the defectives. 
Fortunately, the need for the farm colony, projected since the first 
year of the Psychopathic Laboratory, is so generally appreciated that 
it seems probable that the deficiency will be supplied before long. 



An element of weakness in our criminal law administration lies in 
the lack of organization of our courts. As shown in the report, the 
Juvenile Court cases, perhaps the most important of all, are not corre- 
lated with those of the criminal branches of the Municipal Court, and 
the Criminal Court cases represent another extraneous group. One 
of the things insistently required before Chicago can consider that it 
is in a fair way to grapple with its crime situation is the unification of 
its various courts into a single system, with complete correlation of 
all the criminal branches. Then, and only then, will the laboratory be 
able to render its fullest measure of service. 

The report of the Psychopathic Laboratory covers the first three 
years of its work, from May 1, 1914, to April 30, 1917. The data 
embrace those submitted in the report appearing in the "Eighth and 
Ninth Annual Reports" of the ^Municipal Court, which were in some 
respects incomplete owing to the fact that the director was called out 
at that time with the Illinois National Guard troops sent to the Mexican 
border. 

The first classification of data has been with respect to the various 
classified branch c'ourts from which cases have been received for 
examination. The total number of cases reported on in the three-year 
period is 4,447, divided among the branch courts as follows: Boys 
Court, 2,025 ; Domestic Relations Court (in which bastardy cases 
appear), 1,236; Morals Court, 947; police court or outside branches, 329. 

The modern science of psychiatry and psychopathology has from 
the beginning found much of its material among delinquents, but the 
clinics have usually been mixed clinics. Until this laboratory was 
established the direct and intensive study of delinquents had been 
limited to narrow lines and special classes, such as juveniles. It may 
be said that this laboratory represented the first attempt to study 
crime and criminals intensively on the broadest possible scale, for the 
jurisdiction of the Municipal Court of Chicago embraces every kind 
of ofifense and ofifender except juveniles under 17 years of age. 

While the court has no jurisdiction to finally dispose of crimes 
of the grade of felony, which are determined in the Criminal Court of 
Cook County, yet most of these cases first appear in the Municipal 
Court branches for preliminary examination. The result is that our 
field affords ample material for the study of the more serious offenders, 
those who have committed homicide, robbery, rape and other felonies. 

Not only is the laboratory aft'orded full scope in the delinquency 
field, but it draws its materials from the widest possible sources, since 
Chicago has a population of about 2,500,000, and enjoys the unenviable 



rrputation of liarhoriii^' many criminals who drift into the city from 
all parts of the country because of supposed opportunities existing 
here or because of the increased difficulty of detection. 

At the outset there was considerable embarrassment due to the 
fact that a Hood of cases were turned in before a laboratory staff could 
be or^ani/cd and trained properly, and yet at the end of six weeks a 
preliminary report was made which was accorded most serious con- 
sideration. The need of subjective study of the criminal had been 
understood for some time in this court, and for a year or two previous 
to the opening of the laboratory the work necessary to its establish- 
ment was carried on. While its institution was sanctioned by all of 
the judges of the court, there was yet a reasonable mental reservation 
on the part of the judges, as well as a natural inability to grasp the 
tremendous significance of the new undertaking. Since then, step by 
step, a true understanding of the relation of the laboratory to the 
court and to the tremendous problems of administering criminal jus- 
tice in a modern metropolis has been advanced. Skepticism within the 
court has long since disappeared. 

Outside the court, in professional circles and in the press, a solid 
wall of skepticism existed three years ago. The public had a whole- 
some and unavoidable fear of fads and theories, and the typical 
.•\nglo-Saxon distrust of the expert was prevalent here as everywhere 
throughout the country. In some quarters there was even pronounced 
antagonism. Existing theories of crime and its prevention were felt 
to be assailed by the new study, however empiric and pragmatic it 
professed to be. 

But since then the gradual spread of enlightenment and apprecia- 
tion of the laboratory's need and scientific methods of work, together 
with a constantly increasing volume of facts confirming its findings 
which could be grasped by the uninitiated even, has served to alter the 
situation, so that now it is not too much to claim that the solid wall 
of skepticism and prejudice has all but disappeared. 

The subjects for examination are sent to the laboratory by the 
judges of the various criminal branches. While some of these cases 
are so outspoken as to declare themselves virtually at first sight to the 
expert, yet in every case, for statistical and research purposes, as well 
as for thoroughness, the complete examination was made. The exam- 
ination involves intensive individual criminalistic, psychiatric, psycho- 
logic, neurologic, heriditary, anthropometric and sociologic study. 
While the heart of the inquiry is subjective study of the individual, it 



— 10 — 



is supplemented with consideration of all that can be revealed by 
extrinsic facts of environment and heredity. 

In every case a written record is preserved, signed by the director, 
available at all future times. These individual records imply full 
responsibility on the part of the laboratory for every finding noted. 

The medical examinations are both clinical and laboratory, accord- 
ing to the needs of the individual case. The mental tests used ordi- 
narily, in addition to the general tests familiar to the science of 
medicine, are those developed and used in psychiatric clinics at Zurich, 
Giessen, Berlin, Munich and other European centers. In addition to 
these we employ the Binet-Simon Rossolimo psychological profile 
method ; the graduated free and controlled association tests ; and the 
A-S tests (Analysis-Synthesis series, such as the similarity tests). 

All of the foregoing are evaluated both quantitatively and quali- 
tatively. We also have more or less recourse to the De Sanctis and 
other tests, some of which, while not standardized absolutely, yet 
allow of relative standardization and qualitative application. 

There is, finally, the "world test," which we try to evaluate in all 
our cases. This is the most crucial of all tests. It consists of the 
evaluation of the reactions of the cases to their environment, a check- 
ing up of their capability of adjustment, their failures and successes at 
home, in school and at work. 

The world test is best appreciated when we follow the reactions 
of the individual to his environment from earliest childhood. Infancy, 
childhood and school records should be carefully preserved, and espe- 
cially Juvenile Court records, which are invaluable, showing as they 
do the fact that the individual has at a tender age come into conflict 
with his environment to such degree as to become amenable to the law. 

It must be remembered in this connection that environment is, 
speaking broadly, man-made ; it is made by dominants for dominants ; 
it is a social and legal adjustment for normal or well-balanced 
individuals. 

Juvenile Court records should not be destroyed on the sentimental 
ground that they may be used against the boy or girl who become 
delinquent at a later age. The attitude which prompts this course 
grows out of the state of mind which harbors such posse ideas as posi- 
tive depravity. We should, on the contrary, realize that we have to 
deal with weaker brothers and sisters, who should never be approached 
with the idea that they are deliberate criminals. They should rather 
be recognized as needing our best assistance and care, and to this end 
the records of their early conflicts in their passive years are invaluable. 



11 



Of course, such records slmuM l.c uvailable only to properly author- 
ized i)crsons. 

lu tills world system, created and existing for the adjustment of 
normal persons, the misfits come into conflict with the law to such a 
considerable degree that psychopathology naturally finds its greatest 
field for study among those made amenable to the corrective agencies 
of the law. A study of crime w^ithout psychopathology is now unthink- 
able. A study of psychopathology without access to the material 
abounding in the courts and reformatories is sadly restricted. But 
even in this laboratory there has appeared a broadening of scope 
unavoidably since the findings throw so much light on judicial pro- 
cesses not strictly criminal. 

In' the civil branches both litigants and witnesses often display 
psychoses. The type of paranoid litigants, once known as merely 
"cranks" or "litigious," are found to be identical with the dementia 
priccox paranoides querulans type. Some of these unfortunates waste all 
their substance in fighting imaginary enemies in the civil courts. One 
specimen we were called upon to observe had begun, at various times, 
forty-five actions against various persons. 

Lawyers who have become informed on the subject are recog- 
nizing certain of their clients as belonging to this standard type. 
Judges are becoming so versed as to apply their knowledge gained in 
the criminal branches usefully in the civil branches. 

Witnesses also frequently display psychoses, and in a growing 
number of cases the director has been called upon to assist in throw- 
ing light upon these cases. 

Throughout the vast machinery of charities built up in recent 
years the knowledge derived originally from the study of delinquents, 
and recorded in the laboratory, is being applied to the problems of 
dependency, so closely related to delinquency. It is seen where there 
has been great squandering of money and of energy for lack of under- 
standing of the basic facts of the problem. In the still wider circle 
of industrial life the influence of the new body of facts is being appre- 
ciated. More and more is inefficiency and carelessness traced to 
fundamental mental defectiveness. The laboratory records supple- 
ment and explain many an inquiry into accidents ordinarily attributed 
"merely to carelessness or bone-headedness." 

One of the most important misconceptions of the laboratory's 
function and purpose deserves to be mentioned at this point. It has 
been frequently charged by certain persons, and especially by those 
interested in prosecution as their single angle of the crime problem, 



— 12 



that the laboratory is calculated to embarrass prosecution and to 
reduce punishment. Being interested in securing as high a percentage 
of convictions and commitments as possible, regardless of the larger 
aspects of the criminological problem, they have been inclined to feel 
hostile toward the laboratory idea. When accused themselves of lack 
of success in preventing crime, they endeavor to throw blame on the 
laboratory, charging that its findings result in mitigation of punish- 
ment, and consequently in increased recidivism. They also blame the 
probation and parole system in like manner. 

The fact is that the law has provided a number of alternatives in 
the form of punishment or restraint. The judge is able ordinarily to 
suspend sentence, to place on probation, or to sentence for variable 
terms to a variety of institutions, each calculated to meet the need of 
particular classes of delinquents. 

The judge must make the decision as to the precise form of sen- 
tence. In making this choice his highest consideration must, of course, 
be the interest of society as a whole. He must endeavor to select that 
form of sentence which will most surely prevent a repetition of 
offenses on the part of the convicted delinquent. But to make that 
choice he must know what kind of an individual he has to deal with, 
as different types react differently to the various forms of punishment 
and restraint. What would eminently suit the case of delinquent A 
might prove entirely wrong as treatment for B. 

Right here is where psychopathology comes to the assistance of 
the court. The precise type of psychosis is exceedingly important in 
the case of every deficient prisoner. And it should be noted that there 
is no personal interest on the part of the delinquent which is opposed 
to the public interest. The judge does not have to choose between 
duty and sympathy. That decision which best serves the public wel- 
fare invariably is best for the individual delinquent. It is not merciful 
to release a delinquent who stands no chance to wage a successful 
battle, for he is certain to get into the toils of the law again in a short 
time. The only consideration is as to the kind of sentence which will 
best avail to keep him out of trouble, whether it be probation, with 
effective aid from competent friends and relatives, or incarceration in 
an institution selected to meet his individual requirements. 

The great object is to protect both society and the delinquent 
from a subsequent offense. Their interests here are identical. Prop- 
erly understood, the elements of mercy and sympathy, as elements 
opposed to stern justice, do not exist. The great purpose of psycho- 
pathology in court is to prevent a repetition of offenses. It is a scien- 

— 13 — 



„lu- rather tluiu a Ic^al ciucstion. When (;ur system has been per- 
fected as discussed in the part of the report entitled "Conclusion, the 
laboratory will be able to grapple with crime at its inception, when the 
first offense is committed, and so far as it succeeds in its objects there 
will be no subsequent offense. But in that good time there will be 
institutions for the care of defective delinquents which do'not now exist. 

The present great difficulty is that we lack the institution clearly 
indicated for the purpose. We call it a farm colony because it must 
be located awav from the manifold distractions of the city. It must 
be essentially a retreat with its own artificial environment adjusted to 
the needs of those who cannot endure the harsh competition of our 
modern industrial world. In such an industrial community the defec- 
tive delinquent can live an orderly and useful life, contributing his 
(juota to the public's total of production and free from the strain w^hich 
necessarily and properly exists in an environment created for persons 
of normal strength and capacity. 

The lack of such retreats at this time makes the problem of select- 
ing the right sentence for the individual case practically impossible, so 
that the judge too frequently is obliged to choose between an uncon- 
scionable commitment and a risky probation. Fortunately, one of the 
most promising results of our progress to date is the general accept- 
ance of the idea of the farm colony, and it is probable that this great 
gap in our system will be filled before long. 

The foregoing explanation shows how far we have moved from 
the earlier conception of abnormal psychology as an aid to the court 
in determining "criminal intent." Insistence upon this purely meta- 
physical element of criminal law — intent — has tended to blind agents 
of justice to all concrete results. The lack of criminal statistics before 
such courts as the Municipal Court Avere created largely contributed 
to the fog W'hich clouded the whole issue. 

Of course, we have been embarked for a considerable time on the 
project of reforming the criminal. The practical failure of all attempts 
at reformation in a large proportion of cases is fully accounted for 
now that we know that a large proportion of all inmates of penal insti- 
tutions are defective mentally. There will always be a large propor- 
tion of delinquents who cannot be reformed in any positive meaning 
of the word. .And those who cannot be reformed must be restrained; 
this restraint must be in industrial and agricultural colonies, as out- 
lined in the "Conclusion" of the laboratory report; it must continue for 
such time as may appear necessary to qualified psychopathologists in 
each individual case. 



— 14 — 



The traditional method of handling a defective as though he were a 
normal person is well illustrated in a case coming from one of the outside 
branch courts mentioned in this report : 

Case, age 38, dementia pnecox hebeplirenia plus drug addict (morphinist and 
cocainist) ; has had eighteen arrests that have been checked up, seven for burglary, 
eight for larceny, two for picking pockets, one for disorderly conduct; has served 
two terms in Pontiac Reformatory, once for five years; was committed twice to 
Chester Criminal Insane Asylum on burglary charges; spent three years in Missis- 
sippi Penitentiary, three in Wisconsin Penitentiary, two in Tennessee Penitentiary, 
one year in House of Correction, six months in Cook County Jail ; as a boy charged 
with disorderly conduct, committed to Ontario Reform School for six months; 
spent eighteen months in insane asylum in Kentucky, two years in the insane asylum 
in Fulton, was also in insane asyhnns at Dunning and at Elgin. Committed by us 
to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Fred Raskins of \Vashingt(jn, D. C, in writing of the method of 
handling this man, called it "the shame of the law." 

In the largest aspect the laboratory idea marks a turning from the 
traditional policy of society of treating delinquents as units of a single 
large class, by automatic methods, without consideration of the 
various individual characteristics which distinguish them, and are 
now seen to divide them into a number of sharply dififerentiated 
classes, each with its separate proclivities, potentialities, and prog- 
nostic characteristics. It is a turning from the objective view of crime 
to the subjective view. It makes a diagnosis the great element in the 
scheme for reform or restraint. For the first time the law has per- 
mitted science to assist. 



15 




Dr. \\M. J. HICKSOX 

Director 
Psychopathic Laboratory 



REPORT OF THE PSYCHOPATHIC LABORATORY 
OF THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO 

May 1, 1914, to April 30, 1917. 

Dr. Wm. J. HiCKSON, Director. 

To the Honorable, the Chief Justice and Associate Judges of the Municipal Court 

of Chicago. 

Honorable Sirs — The following report of the Psychopathic Laboratory of the 
Court, with the exception of the additional statistics, is presented substantially as it 
was prepared for the previous, the combined eighth and ninth, annual reports of 
the Municipal Court of Chicago, it being then in the closing-up process when the 
Director of the Laboratory was abruptly called out with the troops, and as the 
court report had to go to press, in the emergency, a portion of the material and 
statistics were substituted in his absence. We now submit the combined statistics 
of cases examined, thus bringing the report of the laboratory up to April 30, 1917, 
which covers the first three years of its work, and embraces intensive individual, 
criminalistic, psychiatric, psychologic, neurologic, hereditary, anthropometric and 
sociologic studies on four thousand four hundred and eighty-six cases, distributed 
as follows : Boys Court, 2025 ; Domestic Relations, including bastardy cases, 1275 ; 
Morals Court, 947; other criminal branches, 329. A large proportion of the above 
were such clinically outspoken cases of defectiveness that our routine intensive and 
extensive examinations were unnecessary as far as reaching a diagnosis was con- 
cerned, but for statistical and research purposes, as well as on the grounds of 
thoroughness, we carried out the same systematic individualistic, intensive and ex- 
tensive studies on all, thus embracing both individualistic and general aims. 

We have not found it necessary to rewrite a new report, since our cumulative 
experience and data have only tended to further confirm and substantiate the 
previous findings and conclusions, which was most fortunate, as the laboratory is 
working under such high pressure that it exhausts all the time and energy of its 
limited staff, which can barely keep up with the cases sent to it for examination, 
in addition to the necessary clerical and statistical work the preparation of such 
a report as this entails. The report, consequently having been gotten together 
under such difficulties, is not as completely worked over nor extensive as we would 
like to have it, or as the material justifies, but the figures are there and, to those 
familiar with the subject, speak in no uncertain terms for themselves. 

In spite of the delay attendant upon the preparation and arrangement of 
quarters for the laboratory, no such quarters having been provided for in the 
plans of the building, the procuring of supplies and the like, and the fact that for 
almost a year we had only one trained assistant, a volunteer, Mrs. Marie K. 
Hickson, who eventually trained and standardized two other volunteers, we were 
able in six weeks to present a fairly comprehensive survey of the type of material 
found in the Morals, Domestic Relations, and the Boys courts especially, before 
the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded, 
held at Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1914, calling attention to the seriousness of the 
situation. 

The work of the laboratory has been not only of a practical but also of an 
experimental or research nature. We not only attempted to render reports on both 
the mental and medical or physical status of the cases sent to the laboratory for 
such purposes by the various judges of the Municipal Court, of whom there are 
thirty-one, as well as by other courts and agencies, but also attempted a survey 

— 17 — 



along llic psychological, normal and abnormal; physical and medical; anthropo- 
nictrical and anthropological; degenerative stigmata, intrinsic and extrinsic; 
nciiroionical, serological, social and economic or environmental phases of cases 
sent from some of the specialized branches such as the Boys, Morals, Domestic 
Relations and bastardy and criminal branches, emphasizing the matter of crime 
and criminality from its various sides, especially the psychological or subjective, a 
side thus far almost entirely overlooked anr! neglected in contrast to the objective, 
in which the human is treated in the same manner as suits, torts, etc., on the civil 
side and all such an attitude connotes. The laboratory also endeavors to show 
the necessity for and to apply the advances made in the above-mentioned sciences, 
which must be the basis of criminal law, if the subjective, the humane and scien- 
tific method is to predominate, bringing their findings to bear on the correction of 
the many present dead and obsolete laws now applying in these fields, in the vast 
majority of cases with little or no scientific substrata to justify them, and also to 
make them live and elastic enough that they may keep pace with future develop- 
ments and circumvent the process of stereotypy which has no place in human ap- 
plication where the sciences controlling this branch are constantly developing and 
being better understood, and thus aim to neutralize this fetish worship of the law 
as law as though it was a matter above men, rather than of men and for men, 
to change the worship of the god of things as they are to an earnest strife for 
things as they should be. We do not wish to minimize the necessity for as much 
stability in our laws as is consistent with justice and security, which we think 
could be maintained at the same time by such measures as a review of the laws 
and principles in the light of scientific advancements at certain stated periods of, 
say five or ten years. Thus would we secure perhaps sufficient stability with 
gradual change and yet overcome the disadvantages of the principle of stereotyped 
law in its human application, which in instances only too painfully numerous have 
been rather examples of stereotyped error. 

The possibility of the deterrent effect of our present laws on the commission 
of the fundamental crimes by normals, and to a certain extent on borderland cases, 
is admitted, but whether it is the best and only way is not settled, whether, for 
instance, the causal association of criminality and defectiveness, with its concomitant 
double stigmata and isolation would not be more effectual. However, there can 
be no doubt, which we hope to demonstrate in this report, that the present methods 
of handling the situation in regard to defectives, who make up the bulk of our 
delinquents, are faulty in that in spite of all the various efforts, always directed, 
however, to the objective side thus far, which have been failures, crime still re- 
mains static, running pari passu with feeble-mindedness and insanity, which in turn 
ap'pear with statistical punctiliousness from year to year. In the face of such 
failure of the present methods, the subjective method of viewing and correcting 
the present hopeless-looking situation is entitled to a word. The futility of treat- 
ing a condition for permanent results without first knowing the underlying causes 
in order to eradicate them is obvious. Treating symptoms instead of causes must 
always remain an endless, fruitless task. 

Furthermore, we have striven to get at the causes and remedies if possible, to 
find the answer to the question, "Why is a man a criminal?" and to see what can 
be done to eradicate crime, this cancer of the body politic, as far as possible. As 
has been said in medicine, "the diagnosis is half the cure," so we hope and feel 
in the matter of criminality, that if we can diagnose the underlying cause or 

— 18 — 



causes we will be well on the road to the cure. That there is a deep interest in 
this new field of work and the findings of the laboratorj- is manifested by the 
many inquiries and visits we are receiving from representatives of the law, medi- 
cine, sociology, etc. Many of these inquiries have come from those in other 
cities who are working for the establishment of similar laboratories, as to its 
activities, scope, findings, etc., as well as tlie qualifications of a psychopathic expert 
and assistants, and at the present writing several laboratories laid down on similar 
lines have already been organized in other cities. 

While the laboratory of the ^lunicipal Court of Chicago was opened three 
years ago, the idea of one was planned long ahead and only awaited favorable 
conditions for its establishment. Over a year previous to its foundation, in order 
to further the matter, the writer was invited through Chief Justice Olson to 
deliver an address which was entitled, "The Treatment of the Criminal Insane 
in Germany," befor-e one of the influential civic bodies of Chicago, which treatment 
embodied the laboratory idea in the handling of criminals, insane, feeble-minded, etc. 

The laboratory idea is an evolution and not the outcome of an impulse ; it 
has developed in response to the feeling, not always in full liminal consciousness 
perhaps but nevertheless insistently germinating, made up of an inherent desire 
for more insight and justice, in the realization of our present unjust, futile, hit-or- 
mis«, narrow, unscientific methods founded mostly on nothing more substantial 
than customs, the more ancient the better, in many instances of different lands, 
times and peoples, with all the superstitions, prejudices and complexes innate to 
such an origin. The spirit deferring the recognition of the subjective side of 
crime, and back of the objective method of treating the criminal, has been in- 
fluenced, no doubt, among other causes, to a large extent by the great difficulty 
in the past of getting at the individuality of cases, which is now largely overcome 
by our rapidly-developing fund of information in the field of abnormal psycholog>', 
the science of psychopathology and its practical applicabilit}', which factors have 
in turn been very influential in hastening the day of recognition of the subjective 
side. Another obstacle, also, was the dominating influence existing at various 
times of political, social, ethical and other movements in regard to recognizing 
individuality. Another influence of no mean order in objectifying the law as 
much as possible was the desire to reduce it as near as could be to logical and 
mathematical formulae, and we see how incapable we are as yet to reduce human 
behavior to its lowest terms in order to fit it to formulae of such a different nature, 
practically as yet incommensurable, even though mental processes are being re- 
duced more and more to numerical values. Furthermore, such desires as the ob- 
jective treatment of crime on the one hand and retributive justice on the other, 
while offsprings of the same impulse, yet land their disciples on the horns of a 
dilemma in that in the first instance it connotes determinism and in the other in-' 
determinism. There can be no positive correlation, but there is a negative one. 
between the objective attitude and responsibilitj'. 

In practically all lines of work and endeavor there are efforts made at fre- 
quent intervals to check up results, to take an inventory, look backwards, about and 
forward, for a fresh start, but criminal procedure has been a law unto itself in 
this respect and has remained self-satisfied. We are marked for our great belief in 
the efficacy of "law and more law" as a cure for all social evils, but the least retro- 
spection will show us how vain have been our efforts along these lines when we 
consider that less than two hundred years ago there were one hundred and sixty- 

— 19 — 



five criiiifs on the statute books of England (from which most of our states derive 
their common laws) punishaljlc by death, such common crimes as stealing a pig, 
three shillings or more, and the like, many such simple crimes that they would 
seem so easily suppressed, and yet they had to modify these laws because of in- 
efTicacy and the resulting barbarity. Even boiling oil and molten lead before this 
found their disciples. Maiming and branding have equally been tried and found 
wanting, then the pillory, ducking-pond and whipping post were tried, and in order 
to add humiliation, were in some instances carried on in the public square. Burn- 
ing at the stake was practiced quite freely on unfortunates then regarded as witches 
and beset by the devil, whom today we recognize in our dementia praecox cases. 
One after another of these procedures was given up as their ineflfectuality was rec- 
ognized — replaced by another, all, however, were only substitutions, as they were 
always objective in nature. 

Next a master sadist developed the idea of solitary confinement. Man is a 
social animal and this would be excruciating mental trauma. The ball and chain 
were often adjuncts here; also the darkened cell, thumb rack and starvation diet. 
Then we had reformation, probation, parole and the honor system — all carried on, 
however, in an objective manner, all with the same futile result, at once a strenuous 
effort and arrant failure. If crime were only perceptibly reduced by these methods, 
it would to some extent neutralize the sadistic attitude. In the early days, the 
eye-for-an-ej^e, tooth-for-a-tooth doctrine, retributive justice, was uppermost. This 
has been somewhat ameliorated in the latter days and the idea of reformation has 
supplanted it more and more. The child who stubs his toe against the table and 
then in revenge hits the table is not much more naive than those who, in the face 
of present-day facts, still hanker after punishment as uppermost in the disposition 
of delinquents. Statistics show that there are proportionately as many murders 
in states and lands with capital punishment as without capital punishment. We 
have muddled along these hundred years and the question now is, are we going to 
continue muddling along for another hundred, or pause and give the situation that 
study and attention its importance deserves? The law has recognized the irre- 
sponsibility of the child under certain ages of development and understanding, and 
yet many of our criminals are no better oflf mentally than these same children. We 
should posit the following question to ourselves, it being understood that we are 
familiar with the essential facts of the sciences bearing on the problem, such as 
normal and abnormal psychology, neurolog>^ heredity, etc., namely, with the same 
mentality, heredity and correlated socio-econdmic conditions, etc., of a delinquent, 
would we have done diflferentlj' from him, and conversely, if he had our mentality, 
heredity, socio-economic conditions, etc., would he act differently from us? 

Assistant state's attorneys have told us that they do not want to hear our re- 
ports to the judge on cases, for after hearing all the facts they are not able to 
prosecute their cases so drastically. 

Prosecuting attorneys should also procure the expert's opinion in cases in 
order that they may be at least more or less familiar with the history of the indi- 
vidual and thus better able to help administer justice. As it is now, in the vast 
majority of cases, their knowledge of the defendant is of the most casual nature, 
and what knowledge they have of him is concentrated on his defaults. Prosecuting 
attorneys have made use of the findings of the laboratory when they helped toward 
a conviction and there have also been others who have used its findings when they 
were favorable to the defendant; others have sent complaining witnesses to the 

— 20 — 



laboratory for examination where mental disease was suspected, and when con- 
firmed have thus anticipated ungrounded lawsuits to the advantage of the state and 
all others concerned. 

The attitude of the bar has been that the judges, prosecuting and other attor- 
neys were there only to carry out the law and had no part in the securing of new 
and better laws, to get at the bottom of things, but assigned that duty to the peo- 
ple and their legislators, claiming they were the ones who were responsible for the 
laws, and the legal fraternity only for their fulfillment. Theoretically, there may 
be some justification of this attitude, but practically there is none, for in these days 
of complex life, when specialization is a matter of necessity, what can the layman 
know of the whys and wherefores of criminology, and logically, the legal fraternity 
are the ones who are most familiar with the situation and the ones we must turn 
to for initiative and advice in the field. A similar attitude in regard to disease was 
rife to a small extent at one time in the medical profession, many of the doctors 
maintaining they were there only to treat disease, and did not concern themselves 
with the problem of trying to get at the root of the evil and eliminate it. When 
the idea of preventive medicine became general throughout the profession, when 
scientific medicine began to be practiced, more progress w^as made in a decade to- 
wards eliminating disease and suffering and prolonging life in j-ears as well as use- 
fulness and comfort, than in fifty years under the unscientific regime. Medicine 
is getting to be more and more like the law in respect to its being taken over as one 
of the functions of the state, but this movement, in contrast with that of the law, 
has tended towards developing the scientific side, the preventive side, of medicine 
as much as any other single factor. We all know what the state has done for the 
encouragement and development of science in general in some other countries. 
There is no reason why we cannot have the state develop the scientific administra- 
tion of the law as it is doing in medicine, to go to the root of things in order that 
intelligent treatment may be undertaken, looking towards a successful solution of 
the problem. There will be minds too settled by age, natural and premature, to 
assimilate this new movement, yet we must not let their age weigh as heavily on us 
as it does on them. The medical profession, for instance, had such inertia to over- 
come with practically every great discovery and advance. 

We feel that there is just as great a moral obligation resting on the law in 
regard to research into the causes and prevention of crime as tnere is on the 
medical profession in regard to research into the causes and prevention of disease. 
The fact that two per cent of the general population are criminals is highly signifi- 
cant, for it means to those familiar with psychological and sociological statistics 
that we are dealing here with a highly specialized, isolated group of individuals, 
which of itself should have awakened our curiosity and called for careful investi- 
gation. If the percentage had been, say 50 or 60 per cent, it would lose such sig- 
nificance, as then it would be approaching a more general, average condition. The 
fact also that about 2 per cent of the general population have been estimated to be 
defective is more than a coincidence. We should honor and respect the laws as 
we should honor and respect our parents, but it is so much more consistent when 
they command rather than simply demand this. 

There is a certain percentage of more or less outspoken insanity and feeble- 
mindedness in the general population and consequently there will be of necessity a 
certain percentage in the cases coming before the court. These are the cases of a 
nature more or less obvious even to the layman. The judge, from his experience 

— 21 — 



on the bcncli, will be able tu recognize a still larger number, and the expert psycho- 
pathologist a still larger group. The judges will pick out the cases of the first two 
groups and will want to have a diagnosis, prognosis and suggestions as to their 
responsibility, dangerousness, treatment, etc., consequently there must be a con- 
venient laboratory for this purpose from whence they can get the information 
with all possible dispatch from experts in criminal psychopathology. 

That the subjective side of crime and the criminal is not entirely without some 
recognition is attested by the fact of the existence of the Psychopathic Laboratory 
of the Municipal Court and by the passage of a recent bill for the defective- 
delinquent, largely as the result of the findings of this laboratory, as well as by the 
establishment of similar laboratories by courts in other cities, and by the fact that 
many judges say they would never again sit in judgment without the assistance of 
a psychopathologist, and that many who have done so, reviewing their cases in the 
light of our present knowledge of criminal psychopathology, wish they had not; 
and, judging by the support the laboratory idea has received, we think the day is 
not far distant when we will see the same research activity in the law that we now 
see in medicine and correlated branches, which has put medicine on a scientific 
basis and will do the same for law. 

The scope of the laboratory and the training and qualifications of experts may 
be generally discussed together. The laboratory's activities may be subsumed un- 
der two principal heads ; namely, practical and research. Since a laboratory like 
that connected with the Municipal Court of Chicago is one of the largest clinics 
of abnormal psychology and sociopathology there is, the material existing there, 
already' conveniently separated by the specialization of the courts, ofTers one of the 
richest fields of research along these lines possible for the student of law, medicine, 
sociology, etc. The practical workings of the laboratory include diagnoses, both 
mental and physical, with reports of the same to the judges who sent the cases. 
The medical examinations are both clinical and laboratory as the case demands. 
The routine mental tests used in the laboratory in addition to the well-known gen- 
eral tests familiar to medicine, are those developed and used in the psj'chiatric 
clinics at Berlin, Giessen, Ziirich, Munich, etc., and in addition to these the Binet- 
Simon, Ro?solimo, psychological profile methods ; the graduated, free and controlled 
association tests ; and the A-S tests (Analj-sis-Synthesis series, such as the similar- 
ity tests, etc.). All the foregoing are evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. 
In addition to the above we have more or less recourse to such tests as the De 
Sanctis and others, some of which, while not standardized absolutely, yet allow of 
relative standardization and qualitative application. There is also the world test 
which we try to evaluate in all our cases, the most adamant test of them all, an 
assaying crucible of highest value, which consists of the evaluation of the reactions 
of our cases to their environment, a checking up of their capability of adjustment, 
their failures and successes at home, in school, at work, etc. 

The worl'd test is best appreciated if we follow the career or, in other words, 
the behavior, the reactions of the individual to his environment from earliest child- 
hood on. Infancy, childhood and school records should be carefully preserved, 
especially Juvenile Court records, which are invaluable, showing as they do, the 
make-up of the individual, which even in these early, tender years brings him into 
conflict with environment, with the law, for the environment as it is now is ad- 
justed for practically normal or well-balanced individuals; environment is man- 
made, made by dominants for dominants and not for recessives, giving the former 

— 22 — 



a relative degree of freedom not vouchsafed the latter. Such records would be of 
the greatest assistance in the understanding of the case and should not be destroyed 
for fear that they would be used against the boy or girl if they commit crimes later 
on in life, which attitude grows out of a mind still harboring such passe ideas as 
positive depravity and the like in respect to these cases, rather than the one of 
recognizing that we are dealing here in the majority of cases with weaker brothers 
and sisters, who should never be approached with the idea that they are deliberate 
criminals, but as weak and helpless and needing our best assistance and care, and 
that these early records of conflict with environment in these early passive years 
are one of the greatest proofs of their inherent mental defectiveness. Anyone who 
has worked in the psj^hiatric clinics on the continent studying delinquents knows 
what a helpful role such records play, never with the faintest idea or suspicion of 
injuring the case, but as one of the greatest helps to understanding him. Of course, 
it is needless to say such court and other records should be available only to prop- 
erly authorized individuals. 

We see this same attitude in the families of many of the cases where we un- 
dertake to search for delinquency, defectiveness, insanity and the like in the family 
history, in which, in spite of the most pronounced and wide-spread defectiveness 
throughout the family, they deny it and try to circumvent the truth to the last 
degree, fearing in their ignorance it is going to prejudice the case, and failing to see 
that it is of the greatest advantage in comprehending him. As we recognize in the 
development of the individual certain critical physiological and psychological peri- 
ods, so also can we recognize what might be termed socio-economic critical periods. 
While these various periods do not always overlap each other, yet they approximate 
each other. One of the most important of the socio-economic periods is that oc- 
curring in the early teens when the average boy and often girl is expected to be- 
come self-supporting, to pull his own weight in the boat, to maintain himself, to 
have responsibility thrust upon him; this is the acid test for feeble-mindedness 
and psychopathy, a most practical and objective test, and this test only confirms 
the findings of our other tests and predictions. 

We regret that the general nature of the Annual Report and lack of space ex- 
cludes a description and discussion of the various tests used in the laboratory, 
many of which we feel should be better known in this country. The tests used, 
however, have either been absolutely or relatively standardized and are reliable. 
We have undertaken no exploitation in this line, nor encumbered the work with 
any of the many tests turned out where any kind of practical standardization is 
absolutely impossible or of those where the underlying principles are faulty, nor 
of any of the spectacular tests, for the benefit of the curious visitor. We have 
attempted to keep the laboratory as free from apparatus and from having the 
appearance of a laboratory as possible, in order to avoid any untoward influence 
such apparatus or appearance may have on the case to be examined, either of a 
frightening or a distracting nature. We have tried to avoid an error we have no- 
ticed quite commonly in this field with the inexperienced, one which has been at 
the bottom of much misunderstanding; namely, the confusing of the situation by 
the accumulating of masses of unessential data, and while it is better, perhaps, to 
err, if at all, on the latter side, yet the properly trained man will be able to isolate 
very closely the essential from the unessential to the great saving of time, energy 
and money, and also afifording a clearer insight into conditions rather than ob- 
scuring them. 

— 23 — 



In discuhsiiiy tht (lualiticatioiis ui llic psychopathic expert for court work, the 
tremendous rcsponsil)ility placed upon him will call for very exceptional training 
and nuist constantly be borne in mind. On the one hand, he will have to see jus- 
tice done to the individual, while on the other, see to it that the interests of society 
arc safeguarded. Such grave responsibility makes big demands and calls for the 
highest degree of expertness in the several fields of work on the incumbent. 

This is neither the time nor the place for an extended discussion of the blind, 
gruesome and, at the same time, fruitless handling to which delinquents have been 
subjected, but which cannot be too often reiterated for its salutary efifect— which 
descended to such practices as wholesale hanging for trivial ofifenses, burning at 
the stake (of supposed witches, now known to be cases of dementia praecox para- 
noides), mutilation, branding, whipping, stocks and ducking, public humiliation, 
deportation, convict ships and colonies, close and solitary confinement, ball and 
chain, chain gangs, deprivation of honors, of the rights and privileges of citizen- 
ship, uncompensated hard labor, coarsest food, clothing, quarters, etc.; in fact, al- 
most the whole gamut of blind, uncompassionate human ingenuity which found 
an outlet for its expression in this service — plus the futility of it all, the utter bar- 
renness of constructive results — but rather to discuss modern, scientific, humani- 
tarian substitutes. The chapter on the handling of the insane in the dark days of 
the past is no less discreditable, when in the profundity of our blindness and super- 
stitions they were regarded as beset with devils and were handled commensurately, 
harking back to the days of the trial and punishment of animals and insects, until 
such scientists and humanitarians as Pinel and his colleagues came to the rescue 
and enlightened us as to the true nature of the condition, and instituted rational 
treatment to the benefit of all concerned. 

In our humble way we, too, are trying to bring light into the equally misunder- 
stood, mishandled, correlated field of delinquency, and if our studies will in any 
way contribute to changing the prevailing unscientific and futile methods, both for 
society as well as the delinquent, we will feel our efforts have not been in vain. 
We are only too conscious that now, as it was then, with the deliverance of the 
maniacs and melancholiacs calling then, as now, for "eine Umwertung aller Werte," 
time and eflfort will be required in establishing the new order for the old, and in 
spite of our excellent modern hospitals and management, we still see the prejudices 
and fears against them harking from their former unsavory associations. This 
will no doubt be true also for some time to come in regard to the establishment of 
modern institutions for delinquents — its dark chapter of history will still cling to 
it. But the public mind becomes more and more receptive with time and we look 
forward to seeing the general acceptance of the ideas set forth in this report much 
more rapidly than analogous changes were accepted formerly, and we receive con- 
siderable encouragement for such hopes when we see the general spread and crea- 
tion of psychopathic laboratories in connection with institutions for delinquents, 
and we believe the time is not far distant when these unfortunates will receive 
that intelligent care and treatment that comes with understanding, and the problem 
of delinquency, with its correlated problems of dependency, alcoholism, etc., will be 
a long way toward solution, and constructive methods will prevail over the present 
ruinous ones, much more ruinous for society than for the delinquent, for while so- 
ciety is hard on him, he is harder on society. He is also outnumbered about 49 to 1 
m the general population, with all such disproportionate representation implies, but 
he evens up this score by his disproportionate cost in taxes. There are two sides 

— 24 — 



to most questions and this is no exception, but thus far only one side has been 
heard. 

The following two quotations showing one type of attitude toward the problem 
and how hard such ideas die might well be contrasted with the next three, illus- 
trating another attitude. The Lord Chancellor of England in the House of Lords, 
March 11, 1862, declared that "the introduction of medical opinions and medical 
theories into the subject has proceeded upon the vicious principle of considering 
insanity as a disease."^ 

In 1862 the Supreme Court of North Carolina in pronouncing judgment said: 
"To know the right and still the wrong pursue, proceeds from a perverse will 
brought about by the seductions of the Evil One." 

The necessity, however, for considering, on the other hand, the problem of 
delinquency as one for psychopathology has been recognized theoretically at least 
for years, as the following quotations from well-known authorities will attest. 

"Legislation instead of being founded on prejudice and instinct should rest on 
the conclusions of mental pathology." (Jeremy Bentham, Theory of Legislation.) 

"The science of justice and the science of nature are one. Justice should be 
based on medico-ps3xhology." Alichelet.' 

"Laws ought to be correlations derived from the nature of the subject." Mon- 
tesquieu.' 

The final acceptance, however, of these latter theories has waited on concrete 
demonstration, and it is this lack and completing bond that we have attempted to 
supply for the first time in the present and previous reports and papers issued by 
the laboratory, in which systematic research, with exact tests along psychopatholog- 
ical and correlated neurological and medical lines, was made on sufficiently large 
and representative groups of delinquents, as well as their crimes, coming into the 
various courts, to be conclusive. 

That others besides psychopathologists perceive the necessity for the medico- 
psychological examination of delinquents, the following quotation, translated from 
"Das Handbuch fuer Untersuchungsrichter," written by Hans Gross, Professor of 
Law at the University of Graz, singularly attests, coming as it does from an inter- 
national authority of the highest standing in criminology as well as jurisprudence. 
He says : 

"One of the most important questions the examining judge is in duty bound to 
weigh and consider is, which among the defendants and important witnesses * com- 
ing before him should receive psychiatric attention. There is no question about 



1 Much of the criticism the Psychopathic Laboratory underwent in the beginning 
will no doubt sound just as absurd a few years hence. 

" "I.a science de la justice et la science de la nature sont unes. II faut que la 
justice devienne une medicine s'6clairant des sciences psychologiques." Michelet. 

3 "Les lois sont les rapports n^cessalres qui dferivent de la nature des choses." 
Montesquieu, L'Esprit des Lois. 

* He should also have included plaintiffs, and thus anticipate many unjust and 
unnecessary arrests with their attendant costs, to say nothing of the suffering and 
stigma to the innocent, through dementia prsecox, cases of the paranoid of querulant 
types, etc. Just recently Judge Uhlir detected a paranoid case as such, where the 
prosecuting attorney came to him with the complainant for several warrants. The 
complainant had been committed from the Municipal Court of Chicago two years 
previous to the Psychopathic Hospital, from whence she was sent to the State Hos- 
pital for the Insane at Kankakee and later paroled. We have had one case of dementia 
proecox paranoid (querulous) wlio has entered over forty-five suits in the Municipal 
Court of Chicago and squandered his earnings of years. These ca.ses are quite com- 
mon In the courts. The condition is being recognized, and we have also been called 
into consultation by conscientious lawyers who suspected all was not right with their 
clients, and thus succeeded In heading ofi litigation and criminal procedure prejudicial 
to all concerned, not excluding, in the long run, the plaintiff's Inwyers, 

— 35 — 



(loiiiK this in cases of mania, stupor, frank melancholia, etc. Such has been the 
case for over a hundred years, but today, with the scientific advancement made m 
medicine and law, there is a demand that we should be on our guard for psychoses 
that arc not patent as such to everybody, and thus prevent the punishment of those 
actually sick, for breaches of the law resulting from their insanity. It is only 
through the greatest carefulness and strictest conscientiousness that we can par- 
tially redeem those odious sins of darker days, when countless mentally abnormal 
unfortunates were punished in the most gruesome manner for their presumed 
wickedness and extraordinary depravity." 

The more closely one examines the situation, with its difficult and weighty im- 
plications, the more is one convinced that really every delinquent and every im- 
portant witness along with his testimony should be submitted to a psychopatholog- 
ical examination. Only expediency to save time and money deters us from the 
institution of such obligatory proceedings. If, however, we are not in a position 
to do this, science, conscientiousness and humanity demand at least that we meet 
the situation half way and, when there is a doubt in our minds, even the slightest, 
as to the mental status of a ca^e, that we carefully consider every element that 
goes to bring a case under suspicion and not hesitate to have an examination made, 
even though the case had been already examined and declared normal. Even 
should the jurist be mistaken it, being a medical matter, is excusable, and even 
though a hundred cases should be examined in vain, it does credit to his conscien- 
tiousness." Every physician will attest that even specialists at times find the great- 
est difificulty in judging as to the presence or absence of normality. And every 
conscientious thinker must admit, in the face of these conditions, that it is much 
more excusable to subject many cases to an examination who turn out to be nor- 
mal, than to punish a single individual for a crime due to mental disease. 

As a corollary to the foregoing it will be necessary for the judge to possess a 
certain amount of positive technical knowledge along psjxhopathological lines. At 
least he shall be informed sufficiently that he shall not commit any egregious errors 
in deciding on cases for examination. Nevertheless a certain amount of obliga- 
tion rests with him to start the ball rolling, and once he has called on the psychia- 
trist the accountability is transferred to the latter's shoulders. Should he neglect 
to do this, and since it is only in isolated cases that such proceedings are instituted 
by other sources, then the judge has the responsibility alone to bear. It would, 
therefore, be much better for him to call for too many rather than too few exam- 
inations and thus forestall for his later, retrospective years remorse implacable." 
In order, however, to keep within the bounds of reason and not overdo the matter 
in, calling for too many unnecessary examinations, he will find it necessary to ac- 
quire a certain amount of training in psychopathology. That this is not simple is 
frankly admitted, but then neither is the office of magistrate a sinecure, and its 
onerousness lies just therein— that in the beginning there is so much adventitious 
knowledge that must be acquired. 

There are several ways in which the subject may be approached. First of all, 
he should study the literature in the field of forensic psychopathology. This will 
be found, no doubt, rather difficult at first, but eventually one will find himself at 
home in it, especially if one can command the co-operation of a psychopathologist. 

,..i»» J*"^*^', ^^?''f,?"' ^^ London University, places conscientiousness above all his other 
criiena or mteUlgence. 

of the^la'^Woufd^tal-e^hefd.'*"'''""''' ""■''"" "'"" ""^ '^"'•" ^'^" '^""" ''^"^ "°' '^' "P''"'* 

— 2(3 — 



who will suggest the bibliography and help one over the difficult places. However, 
such information remains dead material as such if one rests here. If, therefore, 
one takes this career earnest^' there remains nothing else for him to do but attend 
for several semesters courses in mental diseases.^ It is only when one hears and 
sees demonstrations on individual living subjects that one is really in a position to 
evaluate in practice with profit what he has learned out of the literature, and espec- 
ially to form commensurate ideas between the descriptive and the actualitj'. Even 
the best written textbooks are not able to convey to the understanding of the 
reader the gradations in symptoms in the mind of the author. The laity, without 
exception, in interpreting such descriptive signs as "confused expression," "disor- 
dered speech," "retarded comprehension," and a hundred other similar expressions 
will either comprehend too much or too little thereby; that is, they will either sus- 
pect an inconsequential distracted gaze in a normal man as a "confused look," or 
they get the idea that this expression includes a horrible rolling of the eyes, etc., 
and will, therefore, overlook many really "confused looks" of pS3'chopathic origin. 
One can only learn which is the correct interpretation under the instruction of a 
psjxhiatrist, demonstrated on living 'material, and not from book descriptions 
alone.' 

What is the most instructive for the magistrate are his own cases in which he 
sees how the case is examined by the physician, and has his attention called to 
many points, and at the same time obtains an insight into the elaborateness of the 
expert's examination.* If, however, the magistrate merely contents himself with 
looking over the last few lines of the elaborately prepared report of the expert, 
just to assure himself of the diagnosis as to whether the case is or is not defective, 
he will profit ver}'^ little by this or a thousand such reports. How easy, however, 
it would be for him to take advantage of such opportunities, for the report covers 
the examination of a case that the magistrate handles from the very beginning. 
He perhaps has thought the patient to be sound or he was conscious of doubts 
arising in his own mind, and he consequently knows what he himself had thought 
of the case in general and each of the various symptoms in particular."* He then 
receives the elaborate report of the expert, in which he can check up and correct 
his own lay impressions in the light of the expert's knowledge. Should there be 
any points not clear or that are doubtful, he has the possibility of calling' on the 
expert for elucidation and instruction, and is, therefore, in a position where he can 
develop an ability from the study of his ow-n cases for future guidance, provided, 
of course, that he observes the patient, carefullj' studies the expert's report, consults 
with the latter and studies t\'pical cases in the literature." 

Appended to each of the various mental groups summarized under the different 
branches of the court, we have given a tabulation of from five to twenty examples 



' Such cour.se.s could be given to the senior law students a.s was done by the di- 
rector of the laboratory in co-operation with Profe.ssor Keedy, of the Law Department 
of Northwestern University in his course in Criminal Procedure. 

* This could be demonstrated on cases in the laboratory with its unequaled abund- 
ance of psychopathic material affording, as they do, the greatest of clinics for abnor- 
mal psychology. 

" This has been undertaken by us in co-operation with the judges sitting in the 
specialized branches with the utmost gratification to us all. The insight into human 
nature the judge sitting in a court such as any of the criminal branches of the Munic- 
ipal Court, with its mass of material, acquires, forms an unusually good background 
for the reception of such new facts. 

" It is quite remarkable how adept judges become along these linea where they 
have the co-operation of a laboratory; it is nothing short of extraordinary, the in- 
sight into the subject developed by the judges of our court; thev pick out cases in 
the most astonishing manner. 

— 27 — 



ill order lo porlray willi a few strokes the general characteristics of the various 
cases that arc of interest in the present study, and, as will be seen, they are all very 
much the same at bottom. It also shows the hopelessness of their situation as, none 
the less, our present methods of handling it. 

We have also included examinations and diagnoses on groups of children, 
cither defendants themselves or complaining witnesses or the children of defendants. 
These studies convey data and implications of much interest. One such point is 
the stage at which mental arrest begins, cases advancing in their early childhood 
years, mentally and chronologically in proportion, and first showing quantitative 
mental arrest a few years later. Such cases can and should be diagnosed quali- 
tatively in their early years, and this is one of our reasons for insisting that directors 
of laboratories handling juveniles and others should spend at least six months in 
an institution for the feeble-minded, so as to be thoroughly familiar with feeble- 
mindedness, both qualitatively and quantatively, and in a position to anticipate 
those cases with later mental arrest. Idiots and imbeciles exhibit early mental 
arrest and are promptly detected and in the majority of cases sent to an institution, 
but the moron whose mental arrest sets in later and who is the dangerous case is 
in more need of early recognition, as the others are too low mentally and too 
obvious to be dangerous. This fact also accounts for a part of the criticism of 
the Binet-Simon scale in which the critics claim that the lower ranges of the scale 
are too easy and the higher ranges too difficult. The low grade feeble-minded, 
such as imbeciles, do not find it too easy, and their defect shows up just as plainly 
on it as do the high grade defectives, the morons, on the upper ranges of the scale. 
Another point brought out by these studies is the fact that in spite of good intel- 
ligence the dementia praecox and psychopaths, on the whole, make poor school 
progress. 

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. 

It has been thought advisable to insert here a short simplified treatment of the 
subject of psychopathy to help orient such readers as may be interested but who 
might lack more or less specific information along such lines, and also call attention 
to some of the more advanced trends in this field. To accomplish this at all as 
thoroughly as we would desire would result in developing this chapter into a treatise 
on mental diseases, which is here obviously impractical. A thorough knowledge of 
the subject of psychopathology, which is an offshoot of medicine, implies not only a 
course in medicine but also specialized work in mental diseases in the clinic and 
under experts. The formidableness of the subject, however, need not deter us from 
acquiring a certain familiarity with its ideas and terms, which will enable us to 
follow such a report as this one with interest and a certain amount of insight. 

There are two methods of approach to mental diseases, the clinical and the psy- 
chological. In English-speaking countries the clinical method of approach domi- 
nates, on the continent the psychological method dominates. Both groups also rely 
on more or less extended periods of observation of their cases. This is true of cases 
of suspected feeble-mindedness as well as the psychoses. 

In the feeble-minded field Binet and Simon advanced the psychological pro- 
cedure immeasurably when they contributed their positive, direct method of testing, 
thus doing away with the observation and field work system. They took psycho- 
logical tests already in use in this field, worked up others and combined these into 

— 28 — 



definite, wcking, evaluated schema which permitted securing a very definite evalu- 
ation of certain mental factors of cases within an hour, thus taking the tests directly 
to the case. 

We have attempted to do the same for the psychoses and feel that this method 
will be as successful with them as it has turned out to be with the feeble-minded, 
and it will be only a question of time until the profession would as soon think of 
committing a case of mental disease to an observation hospital for days and weeks 
for diagnosis or differential diagnostic purposes as they would think of carrying on 
such a procedure with a case of scarlet fever or pneumonia, even though today some 
of our critics say it takes them weeks and even months to make a diagnosis of 
mental disease. That some of them, however, many of whom have little or no 
medical or psychiatrical training, ever make a diagnosis is quite remarkable. 

Cases of feeble-mindedness and psychopathy run true to form, and it is only 
necessary to analyze and know the kind and degree of defect to evaluate their past, 
present and future behavior. 

Just as Binet and Simon relied on tests that were already in use and combined 
these with others of their own which they worked up into groupings with a definite 
purpose, so we, too, have relied on many tests already in use in the psychiatric 
clinics and worked up others of our own, based on well-established existing prin- 
ciples, which enable us to get definite analyses of certain psychopathic and intelli- 
gence defects and their degrees, thus enabling us to reach a diagnosis within an 
hour and allowing us not only to predict with practical approximation the future 
behavior of such cases, but also to know what their past has been like and also the 
antecedent and ascendant hereditary possibilities. As an example, we know that the 
average reckless gunman is a boy about the age of 19, with an intelligence level be- 
tween 10.5 and 12.0 years, plus dementia prsecox, etc. 

This positive, direct method of mental diagnosis will revolutionize court 
procedure along these lines. It will add an important element of concreteness to 
the hypothetical question. The question will be put in some such form as this, 
"Given a man with such and such a mental make-up, under such and such conditions, 
what would happen?" 

Of course in all our research work we have evaluated not only the clinical data 
wherever present, but also all other available corroborative data, such as the heredity 
of antecedents and ascendants, socio-economic data, etc. 

The possibility of preparing a condensed set of crucial, dependable and workable 
"reconnaissance tests" for the detection of the so-called latent cases of mental de- 
fectiveness which would lead to their recognition with sufficient assurance when 
they could be turned over to the psychopathologist, which could be added to the 
armamcntarum of the recruiting surgeon, school teachers, social workers, etc., was 
taken up by us in co-operation with the senior medical officer of one of the Illinois 
National Guard units. The applicability of visual memory tests along the lines 
developed in the laboratory in this respect has also been referred to in an article on 
pfropfhebephrenia and dementia praecox in relation to crime. Such a problem pre- 
sents many difficulties. The outspoken cases of intelligence and affective defect are 
easily recognized by the layman, the former more easily than the latter, and present 
little difficulty, but the higher and lighter grades of defect respectively, while 
relatively, in most instances, potentially much more dangerous, yet are not so 
readily detected or evaluated as such by the inexperienced. 

— 89 — 



Sucli tests ciiniiol be reduced below a certain number, and even the simplest of 
them demand a certain amount of technique in the giving. They must be made as 
objective as po-sible. Their final interpretation is a matter for the psychopathologist. 
They must I)e dependable enough to unmask all cases. 

Our experiment did not receive a sufficiently extended practical tryout to justify 
any definite conclusion, on account of the abrupt calling out of the troops to partici- 
pate in the mobilization maneuvers in Texas in June, 1916, but as far as we went, 
justified further experimentation. 

Tile positive psychological method of approach has opened up new fields and 
vistas in the sphere of mental defectiveness. One of these is the differentiation 
between intelligence defect and aflfective defect, and their various combinations. 
Fecble-mindedness, paresis, senile dementia, etc., belong primarily to the first cate- 
gory. The majority of the psychoses, such as dementia precox, manic-depressive 
insanity, belong principally to the second category. The intelligence level plays an 
influential role in all the psychoses, just as they in turn react on the intelligence. It 
helps materially in the understanding of mental defectiveness to keep these distinc- 
tions in mind. Our intelligence level is our mental capital and our afTectivity stands 
for our mental enterprise, credit, etc. Ordinarily they parallel each other, though 
not necessarily. Where we have combined defect, as where dementia praecox co- 
exists with intelligence defect, it is called pfropfhebephrenia. Such combination is 
very often unrecognized as such, the case being taken either for one of feeble- 
mindedness or dementia praecox, depending on which element wras most conspicuous 
or in which field the observer was most at home. Since both conditions are heredi- 
tary and constitutional it is only natural to suppose, making due allowance for 
phylogenetical difference, etc., that the entire nervous system involving both spheres 
would be included in the determining underlying process. There is much dementia 
pra?cox overlooked in feeble-minded institutions. If a case has to be pried off a chair 
to get him to move, or pried out of a bed in the morning, it is called feeble-minded- 
ness of the phlegmati" type, whereas in reality it is a case of dementia praecox 
hebephrenia, and may or may not be combined with intelligence defect. If, on the 
other hand, the case demolishes the furniture, crockery, etc., assaults the attendants 
and others about him, it is called feeble-mindedness of the erethric form, whereas as 
a matter of fact it is dementia prrecox katatonia (or perhaps better dementia praecox 
kataclonia), combined or uncombined with intelligence defect. We should always 
remember that with the feeble-minded their emotional reactions do not differ from 
the normals, except insofar as their place is reduced within narrower bounds. 

There is no doubt but that many cases of pfropfhebephrenia have been mistaken 
for cases of uncomplicated dementia praecox with secondary dementia. The previ- 
ous history, where obtainable, will not only help to clear this up, but the two condi- 
tions give both quantitative and qualitative reactions on the intelligence scale and 
other tests which are quite characteristic and helpful for differentiation. 

The presence of a pfropfhebephrenia which has been overlooked, and only an 
uncomplicated den-.cntia praecox supposed to exist, may explain the microscopic 
findings of atrophy and degenerative changes due to the defect of the intellect found 
in the cortex in certain cases. Repeated katatonic attacks are also conducive to such 
changes, just as repeated epileptic attacks are also supposed to be responsible for 
similar alterations. 

The right and wrong test, which is the legal criterion of mental responsibility, 
was promulgated in 1843. It is applicable to but a few diseases, and these must be 

— 30 — 



in such outspoken form in order to be applicable that the individual is incapable of 
perpetrating most any of the ordinary crimes ; therefore this law, if rigidly inter- 
preted, nullifies itself. The conditions to which it would apply would be those in 
which intelligence defect is primarily involved, such as paresis, senile dementia, 
feeble-mindedness, thereby omitting the large group of insanities in which the 
affective or emotional sphere is primarily involved, and the intellectual only sec- 
ondarily. Most of the continental criminal codes are so drawn up as to include the 
affective or emotional insanities. 

In the interrelationship between mental defectiveness and crime, certain forms 
stand out more prominently than others, as, for instance, feel^le-mindedness, psycho- 
pathic constitution and dementia pra^cox. We have termed the latter condition the 
criminal psychosis par excellence, because of the active and predominant role it 
plays in the causation of crime — as already outlined by us in a paper entitled, "The 
Relation of Pfropfhebephrenia and Dementia Prsecox to Crime," read at the annual 
meeting of the Alienists and Neurologists, Chicago, July 13, 1915, and published in 
the Illinois Medical Journal, October, 1915 — and because of its very nature, which is 
essentially a distortion and exaggeration of certain of the primary mental processes, 
and makes of it a criminal psychosis in that it is responsible for environmental in- 
adaptability. 

Its very essence makes it at one and the same time the most prolific source of 
disturbance and the most difficult to recognize, two ideas very hard for some of the 
laity to assimilate, whereas such secondary symptoms as hallucinations, delusions, 
etc., which are crassly unusual, occurring much more rarely, are easily recognized 
by them when outspoken. 

That we are dealing here with two distinct types of mental abnormality, which 
in the vast majority of cases are hereditary, constitutional and at present incurable, 
is beyond all doubt and is open to proof to any one, adequately prepared by sufficient 
training and experience in clinic and institution, in medicir', psychiatry, neurology 
and psychology, who cares to undertake such research. Tliese two classes readily 
fall into well-defined and well-recognized types of mental defectiveness ; namely, the 
Feeblc-Minded and the Dementia Pr?ecox groups, except that in the classes under 
discussion the symptoms are not so clinically externally frank that it manifests itself 
in such a positive and grotesque manner that it is patent to all. Our feeble-minded 
institutions have been peopled until quite recently practically with ^'liots, imbeciles 
and a few low grade morons. High grade morons were present in relatively in- 
significant percentages. Among idiots, imbeciles and low grade morons mental 
arrest occurs early and they manifest their defect betimes, and it renders them so 
externally evident that the laity cannot help marking and grasping it. But with the 
high grade morons, while they are as potentially defective in their sphere of thinking 
and doing, it is not so outspoken as such, and to the comprehension of the laity is 
as little understood as the relationship between outspoken epileptic attacks and 
psychic equivalents. 

The higher grade of psychopath and dementia prrecox is to the low grades or 
outspoken insanities what the high grade feeble-minded, the moron, is to the lower 
grade feeble-minded, such as imbecile and idiot. The two high grade divisions have 
been the ,r and y of the criminological equation. 

We see the determining role of dementia pra^cox as the great causative factor, 
the Icit motif of crime, even where there is no intellectual defect, even in the earliest 
years of childhood before quantitative intellectual arrest has taken place in cases 

— 31 — 



tliat will eventually show this defect comhincd with dementia priecox, as well as in 
cases never showing intellectual defect. We have seen cases with intelligence levels 
ranging, as illustrations, anywhere from a low grade sociopath to average intelli- 
gence, but having dementia precox, who were with or without institutional records 
(it is hard to find a pr.xcox below these intelligence levels without such record) 
take a place beside normal individuals, living under the same environmental condi- 
tions, and the prrecox cases can be invariably depended upon to turn out unsatis- 
factorily, even in spite of the fact that in numerous instances every allowance has 
been made for them, but they cannot adjust themselves. It might be called the 
disease or condition of inadaptability; it can well be regarded as the criminal 
diathesis. 

There is no doubt that many cases of dementia prscox whose symptoms be- 
come patent around the ages of 17 or 18, when they first come in real contact with 
the world, and get their first taste of world responsibility and all it demands, are 
regarded as signs of a delayed puberty, whereas as a matter of fact such symptoms 
in many instances are katatonic attacks developing under stress on the basis of 
what is known as latent dementia praecox. 

Among our dementia praecox cases most of the secondary dementia that we 
see takes place after repeated katatonic attacks, just as we find dementia setting 
in in epilepsy where the attacks are numerous. 

We are encountering other psychoses in the courts as well as those just enu- 
merated, but in relatively much smaller proportions, such as adult and juvenile 
paresis. We also occasionally find a case of paresis florida, or galloping paresis ; 
I. e., a rapid, fulminating, quickly terminating form running its course in about 
six months and resembling in this respect phthisis florida. Occasionally we en- 
counter a manic-depressive case, mostly of the hypomaniacal or hypomelancholiac 
types, and some epileptics. Paretics are constantly finding their way into the courts, 
but in much smaller numbers than the praecox, because the disease is recognized 
early, though not as early as it should be, as our experience in the court with cases 
whose presence there is due to this disease and whose crime is nothing more nor 
less than a symptom of the disease constantly reminds us, and because the disease 
runs a rather rapid course and sooner or later practically incapacitates its victim, 
and because of its relative infrequency in comparison to dementia precox. Out- 
side a few hypomaniacal and hypomelancholiac cases, manic-depressive insanity is 
quite a rarity in the courts. When the symptoms are at all evident in these cases 
they are promptly recognized and taken care of, and consequently environmental 
conflict is anticipated just the same as it should be with psychoses equally as de- 
tei;minant of abnormal behavior, which really in these cases constitute their 
symptomatologj-, even though the symptoms are not so crass and bizarre according 
to the popular conception of the layman's lunatic. As a rule, during the depressed 
stage these cases are so inhibited that they lack all initiative to commit crime, 
though on occasion they suicide. The outspoken maniacal stage is promptly recog- 
nized and the case confined. We see a few epileptics, mostly in the Boys and Morals 
courts and outside criminal branches, charged with sex crimes, principally exhibi- 
tionism. However, most of our epileptics in the court show other psychopathic 
conditions such as fceble-mindedness, dementia pra^cox, psychopathy, etc. 

We have gone to the highest international authorities we could find for our 
guides in the field of psychopathology. On tlie subject of the Psychopathic Consti- 
tution we have followed in substance Ziehen ; on that of Dementia Prrccox. Bleuler, 

— 32 — 



and in the remaining psyciioses and classifications, Kraepelin. In feeble-mindedness 
we have relied on various American, English, French and other continental writers 
and authorities. A writer's status in this field can be estimated from the discrimi- 
nation he uses in his quotation of authors and authorities. 

Since the psychopathic constitution and dementia praccox, either alone or com- 
bined with feeble-mindedness, are the two principal psychoses that we find under- 
lying delinquency, to say nothing of their responsibility for much of the friction of 
our daily lives, and since the text books of the above mentioned authors have as 
yet not been translated into English, we have undertaken to fill this gap at least 
partially in the matter of definition of the above as laid down by these authorities 
in their respective fields. 

Professor Ziehen defines the Psychopathic Constitution^ as follows : 

"Under the designation psychopathic constitution is included in the vast 
majority of instances chronic, psychopathic conditions, which in their symptoma- 
tology and course not only involve defect of the affectivity but also of the intelli- 
gence, even though pronounced psychopathic symptoms, such as delusions, halluci- 
nations, etc., do not intrude for any extended period. Where hallucinations and 
analogous symptoms do appear they are solitary and the patient retains insight 
into the condition. At the same time it should be appreciated that not infre- 
quently the psychopathic constitution furnishes the soil for fully developed psychoses 
such as melancholia, mania, paranoia, etc. 

"A common characteristic of the psychopathic constitution appears also to 
be the relative frequency and variety of accompanying neuropathic symptoms. 
Regarding this, the designation psychoneuroses might be applicable here even 
though it has been used heretofore in a much different sense." 

He then subdivides the psychopathic constitution into the following groups, 
the respective designations of which are fairly descriptive, and includes in each 
case, except two subordinate types, a discussion of the mental and physical symp- 
toms, course, issue, and prognosis, varieties and transitions, etiology, diagnosis, 
therapy, pathological anatomy and pathology. The following is his classification 
of the varieties of psychopathic constitution: I. Neurasthenic; neurasthenia. 
II. Hysterical. III. Epileptic. IV. Two subordinate forms, the choreic and one 
peculiar to Basedow's disease that 'sometimes is encountered. V. Hereditary- 
degenerative. VI. Traumatic. VII. Toxic. 

In general terms, dementia praecox may be regarded as an active instigator, 
in contrast to feeble-mindedness, which might be regarded as a passive instigator 
of crime. A defective intelligence is a misfortune; a defective affectivity a calamity, 
and a defective intelligence and affectivity a catastrophe. When the story of 
dementia praecox is finally written, it will be seen to have been at the bottom of, 
potential to, not only the criminal situation but also to much of our civil, commer- 
cial and social disturbances. Where there is any apparent or real overlapping of 
the definition of the psychopathic constitution with that of dementia prascox on the 
one side and with manic-depressive insanity on the other, we have been disposed, 
through our study of the matter and our experience, to decide for dementia precox. 
The brain, like other organs of the body, is made up of cells, connective tissue, 
blood and lymph supply, etc, peculiar to itself just like the other organs, and like 
them has many symptoms but few diseases. There are many mental symptoms 
still classified as diseases, due to the descriptive level of thinking more or less innate 

'Prof. Th, Ziehen: Psychiatric, 4th Ed., 1911. 

— 33 — 



... ihc clinical .nctl.od ..t approach, just as has been the case with other organs of 
he o ly u i heir structure, functions, and pathology becan^e better known. 
The grm-ping of various sympton^s according to their fundamental underbnng 
ps'-hoUical basis, as in dementia prxcox, was one of the great contributions 
of Kraci.elin and Rlculcr to the service of psychiatry. 

It is much to be regretted that we cannot give a more extensive translation of 
nieuler's work, as the discussion in it of the various symptoms and under ying 
ns ydiopathy is most elucidating. Psychiatry has developed to such proportions 
that no individual will be able to write a systematic treatise in the future, as has 
been done in the past, as, for instance, by Kraepelin, and we will therefore hence- 
forth have to depend on monographs covering the various subjects for our texts. 
Bleulcr savs that the knowledge we possess of the group of diseases included in 
the definition of dementia pra-cox is still too recent to allow of a competed all- 
round treatment. He acknowledges psychiatry's indebtedness to Kraepelin, from 
whom the entire idea of dementia precox is derived, and also its indebtedness to 
Freud for his contributions toward further development in psychopathology, and 
his assistants Riklin, Abraham and Jung at Burghoelzh. 

The following definition and subject matter are translated from Professor 
H Bleuler's monograph entitled, "Dementia Prascox," or "Die Gruppe der Schizo- 
phrcnien,"' one of the series of monographs on the various mental diseases issued 
in "Das Ilandbuch der Psychiatrie." 

"The designation dementia prcTCOx or Schizophrenia represents a psychopathic 
group, whose progress is sometimes chronic, sometimes acute ; may come to a stand- 
still at any time or regress, though hardly ever to complete restitutio ad integrum. 
The disease is characterized by alterations of a specific nature in the thinking and 
feeling of the case and his relation to his environment not found elsewhere. Every 
case exhibits a more or less outspoken cleavage of the psychical functions;' if the 
disease is pronounced the unity of the personality is lost; so that it is represented 
sometimes by this, sometimes by that psychical komplex.= There is an insufficiency 
or a direct failure in the reciprocal controlling relationship between the various 
complexes and tendencies; the flow of psychical complexes do not join any more 
as under normal conditions to a conglomerate of tendencies with unitary results. 
but instead some komplex, for the time being, will dominate the personality, while 
at the same time other idea- or tendency-groups become split off or sidetracked 
and are consequently entirely or partially neutralized. Often the ideas are only 
fragmentary, fragments of ideas being wrongly combined to form new ideas. Even 
conceptions lose their completeness, lacking one or several, often essential compo- 
nents, and in many instances are only represented by separate partial ideas. 

"The association process is often directed only through fragments of ideas and 
concepts, and as a consequence they are not only incorrect but somewhat bizarre, 
and for normals the unexpected and unusual. Very often association breaks 
suddenly off in the middle of a thought, or in associations with other thoughts, at 
least so far as it comes to consciousness (Sperrung — blocking-stasis) ; instead of 
continuity of the association we find other new ideas emerging which neither the 

'Hence the name Schizophrenia. 

'Bleuler defines n Kompiex as an abbreviated expression or symbol for a complex 
or constellation of ideas which is so strongly affect possessed or saturated that it ex- 
erts a lasting influence on the contents of the psychical processes. As a concomitant 
of the normal Influence of the affectivlty on the association processes, even among 
normals, a Komplex shows a definite tendency to delimit itself, to acquire independence; 
to become a resistant structure within the stream of changing ideas. 

--34 — 



patient liimself nor the observer can consciously hitch up with the previous associa- 
tions. 

"Primary disturbances of the perception, orientation and memory are not dis- 
coverable. 

"In the most pronounced cases expressions of feeling are no more to be ob- 
served. In lighter cases the only impression is the discrepancy in the degree of 
reaction to varous occurrences ; and, in addition, the feeling reaction can vary in 
intensity from one extreme to the other ; in the one case there will be complete 
absence, in the other an exaggerated reaction. The reaction may also show qualita- 
tive abnormalities as exemplified by inadequate reaction to the intellectual 
processses. 

"In addition to the above described signs of impairment, in the majority of 
institution cases, other symptoms develop, as, for example, hallucinations and delu- 
sions, confusion, stupor, fluctuations of the affectivity, maniacal or melancholic and 
katatonic symptoms. Many of these accessory symptoms and symptom-complexes 
bear a specific schizophrenic character, and as a consequence, when present, help 
towards a diagnosis of the disease. There are many cases at large in which the 
accessory syndromes have retroceded or entirely failed. 

"Dementia prxcox has received the following preliminary classification into four 
groups : 

"1. Paranoid, in which hallucinations, delusions or both are at all times 
conspicuous. 

"2. Katatonia, in which katatonic symptoms are continuously or at least for 
extended periods conspicuous. 

"3. Hebephrenia, in which accessory symptoms appear without persistently 
dominating. 

"4. Simple Schizophrenia, in which during its whole course only the basic 
symptoms are determinable. 

"Concerning * * * manic-depressive insanity and Iiysteria, and in a certain 
sense perhaps also paranoia, we are only acquainted so far with symptoms that 
may also appear in dementia pra;cox. The differentiation of these psychoses from 
dementia pr^ccox rests only in a plus on the side of the latter. All other psycho- 
pathic conditions have their specific symptoms w^hich are not found in cases of 
dementia prsecox. The fundamental symptoms are, so far as we know, characteristic 
for dementia praecox, while the accessory symptoms may also be present in other 
psychoses, though even here one can discover peculiarities in the genesis or the 
manifestation of a symptom which is characteristically schizophrenic, and it is 
most proliable, as our experience grows, that we will be able to discover this 
characteristic in a large number of the accessory symptoms. 

"It is quite obvious that in describing the symptomatology tliat only outspoken 
cases can be taken as examples, but at the same time it is important to bear in mind 
that cases exist of all gradations up to normal, and that the lighter, the latent 
schizophrenia cases are much more numerous than the outspoken. On account of 
the great fluctuations one finds in schizophrenia one should not depend upon finding 
all symptoms at all times." 

Diagnosis 

"In outspoken cases of schizophrenia the diagnosis is very easy, but in the less 
advanced forms it offers more practical difficulties than most any other psychosis. 

"Here, as in every other disease, symptoms must attain a certain degree of 

—■36 — 



inlcHMty Lcfur. tl.cy can l.c turned t.. clia«nu.lic account. At all events, however, 
even in the linhtor schizoi-hrcnic cases there is to be found in the foreground a 
quantity of manifestations showing marked fluctuations within those boundaries, 
which if not regarded as normal, yet not as lunacy. Character changes, apathy or 
indilTc'rencc. inertia, incompatibility, obstinacy, capriciousness, whimsicalness, 
hypochondriacal complaints, etc., are not necessarily symptoms of a well-defined 
in-^anily. yet. nevertheless, they are very often the only visible signs of the presence 
of schizophrenia. As a result there is no disease in which the diagnostic threshold 
is so high and latent cases so universal. 

"Given a case of insanity the diagnosis of schizophrenia presents further diffi- 
culties. Only certain psychotic symptoms are applicable in its recognition, and 
these also in turn present a very high characteristic diagnostic threshold. Mania 
and depression may accompany any psychosis; flight of ideas, mental stasis, and, 
insofar as they do not bear specific qualities, hallucinations and delusions may 
participate in a wide range of diseases. They serve often only to assist in the 
diagnosis of a psychosis, but not to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. 

"The symptoms peculiar to schizophrenia, insofar as they have as yet been de- 
scribed, are not novel, as for example, a hallucination or speech disturbance of 
dementia paralytica. They are distortions and exaggerations of normal processes.' 

"Taken by themselves, individual symptoms are of less importance than their 
intensity and extensity and above all their relationship to their psychological 
surroundings. 

"In the entanglement of psychical pathways there are many of them that lead 
to the same end. While, for example, a person, during a tiresome lecture or 
discussion, scribbling stereotyped scrolls or flourishes on paper lying at hand, 
would have no pathological significance, such designs under other circumstances, 
as for example, when inscribed within a momentous letter, are of themselves suffi- 
cient to establish a diagnosis of schizophrenia. 

"Many individuals appear to be outwardly indiflferent while preoccupied with 
this or that thought and while the komplexes with their corresponding aflfectivity 
still persist when their thoughts shift to other things, the feeling-reaction, however, 
permits of being called forth when it is possible to direct their interest to other 
themes. Furthermore, a reserved or taciturn character or an individual who has 
been schooled in the direction of an exaggerated and intensified suppression of ex- 
pression of the emotions (Americans, Japanese) may simulate such indiflference. 
Consequently, throughout the following discussions the reader must constantly bear 
these innumerable possibilities in mind, without having to be constantly reminded 
each time that it is the accompanying circumstances, the entire psychic constella- 
tion, that stamps it for what it is. 

"It is especially important to remember that many normal processes may take 
on a schizophrenic appearance conditioned by an affect, or that much may occur on 
the periphery of our attention, or in our day and night dreams which are identical 
with schizophrenic associaton disturbance and stereotypy ; as a consequence, for 
example, in a condition of excitement such symptoms as stasis of ideas, confounding 
of symbols with the reality, alteration of personality (transitivismus), neologisms, 
are only of special diagnostic value when they are quite outspoken. Should, how- 

'He adds the following foot note: "I hope, at all events, that the necessity of 
differentiating the schizojihrenic rupture or cleavage of ideas and perhaps also that of 
the general association processes from similar appearance occurring outside the field of 
normal active attention will some day be appreciated and grasped." 

— 36 — 



ever, such symptoms occur during periods of calm and collected consciousness, and 
all the accompanying circumstances have been carefully evaluated, so then can the 
diagnosis be made on the strength of any one such symptom. The more calm and 
collected a patient is the less ground is there for the presence of an aflfect reaction 
and consequently the lighter the grade of the symptom necessary to occasion the 
diagnosis of schizophrenia. The same is true in differential diagnoses. Epileptics 
may symbolize, confound concepts such as man and woman, produce neologisms, 
but only when in a state of mental confusion. Hysterics may exhibit a marked 
constraint of affectivity, but only under the direct spell of a komplex. Patients of 
all kinds, as well as the healthy, can talk away from an issue when the occasion 
demands (vorbeireden). Only schizophrenics exhibit this symptom under other 
conditions. 

"Significant for diagnosis is often the generalization of the symptoms. The 
mental stasis which a normal has, when it is not an emotional stupor, only involves 
the things in particular in which there is an affective accentuation. The schizo- 
phrenic extends the stasis to all other possible ideas, and in marked cases there may 
be a lasting blocking of the entire psyche. Confused concepts and ideas, as well as 
logical failures, may be committed by any one upon occasion, especially if in a condi- 
tion out of the ordinary, such as in exhaustion or in an affective state. The confu- 
sion, however, would come and go with its provocation, while with the schizophrenic 
it can make itself independent of any such circumstances. 

"The schizophrenic symptoms need not necessarily be present every moment. 
Of all m.ental diseases schizophrenia is the one offering the least prospect in which 
this or that definite symptom can be found in this or that time. Even in advanced 
cases, customarily appearing completely imbecile, it may not be possible in any 
particular moment to demonstrate the emotional disturbance nor the characteristic 
association changes. Not once in a thorough extensive examination might one be 
able in every case to make an absolute diagnosis. 

"It is obvious that cases in which the disease came to a standstill in the earlier 
stages will be ordinarily overlooked by the laity and psychiatrists. One bickers away 
a lifetime with a schizophrenic housewife. One finds every possible penalty provided 
for incorrigible sons, or if one attempts to apply constraint it is frustrated because 
the examining physician cannot certify to an insanity, or if he does at times the 
asylum director will return the case to the despairing parents as sound or cured ; as 
hysterics or much preferably neurasthenics they are put through all possible cures 
and sanitaria until the means of the relatives are totally exhausted ; such cases arc 
received in the hospitals and their hallucinated parturient pains are diagnosed as a 
floating kidney; some gynecological deviation from the stereotyped form of the 
books will be regarded as the cause of the trouble and local pelvic treatment insti- 
tuted ; the cases are turned over to the police and the courts, the most inappropriate 
disposition possible; they are taken earnestly and assisted in the organization of 
societies against this or that social evil discovered by themselves or others, and 
similarly much more along these lines is perpetrated under various guises that had 
much better been left undone. 

"Such occurrences cannot be expected to be anticipated in every case, but can 
be at least reduced to a minimum if more thought and attention on the possibility 
of the existence of one of the lighter grade of schizophrenia be borne in mind, 
and an effort made to study and familiarize oneself with its symptomatology. 

— 37 — 



■ 111 (irtaiii cases cnidtioiial cxcitcnuiU may act as a reagent to make latent 
symptoms manifest; in fact, there are certain-cases that only exhibit disturbances 
of association, and afTectivity, neologisms, and the rest, when in such a condition. 
Alcohol also many times may have the same effect and provoke a typical schizo- 
phrenic oiitl)rcak which, under certain conditions, may persist long after the alco- 
holic intoxication has disappeared. However, neither one of the above reagents 
is effect ivo in all cases and furthermore for obvious reasons not to be recom- 
mended either as such, experimentally. 

"Nevertheless, it is not so impracticable as it would appear from Kraepelin 
([.ehrbuch der Psychiatric, II. Bd., S. 271), that there is not a single symptom of 
itself that is pathognomonic for differential diagnosis. The association disturb- 
ances, elsewhere described, and likewise the character of the hallucinations, are 
characteristic and sufficient for a positive diagnosis. A general hemmed-in emo- 
tionality is of equal value. 

".'\t all events, it must be emphasized that a period of from ten to twenty 
years, with relatively few observers, is not sufficient in which to establish an opinion 
with absolute assurance in all details. It may be possible that some day, one or 
another of the symptoms that we now only ascribe to schizophrenia may in rare 
instances be associated with other psychoses.' Furthermore, our knowledge- of the 
psychoses still has its limitations and as a consequence the delimitation of schizo- 
phrenia in the direction of the indefinite sjTnptom komplexes must of necessity be 
one-sided as well as provisory in character. ' These limitations in the present state 
of our knowledge must be borne in mind in the matter of diagnostic symptoma- 
tology. 

"If one is content to trust to probabilities he will find it the rule that the vast 
majority of doubtful cases, if they are under observation for a period of years, 
will turn out to be schizophrenics. The anamnesia discloses in a high percentage 
of cases sufficient grounds for diagnoses which the accounts of the relatives permit 
with absolute assurance to be recognized as schizophrenia. The behavior of many 
of our cases is so markedly characteristic that it can be described by the laity with 
fidelity. 

"Important are the character alterations. A young man who has become 
'changed' is in the majority of cases mentally alienated, and what is more, is most 
probably a schizophrenic." Of just what degree of outspokenness the various 
symptoms must be in order to establish a diagnosis of schizophrenia is difficult of 
description. We have really no objective grade measure for the complicated mental 
processes. We must therefore depend on experience and above all on the careful 
evaluation of the attendant circumstances. 



'This may well be the case with many symptoms that at present do not of neces- 
sity determine the diagnoses of schizophrenia, but which nevertheless are of frequent 
occurrence here and not in other psychoses. It is even possible that sometimes a case 
other than schizophrenia may be found with preponderating hallucinations of hearing 
and of the organs of the body, and a composed hebephrenic with preponderance of 
visual and tactile hallucinations, though as a matter of fact, so far we have only come 
to learn the reverse to be the case from our experience. 

Jill '^'°#-^ *° be regarded as such character changes, for example, would be the pecca- 
(linos of a weakhng when transferred to a new environment, whose conduct had been 
exoniplary under the protecting wings of his parents, or when the reverse takes place. 
Similarly, it is not to be regarded as a change of character when an individual beset 
by two comiicting impulses, first one and then the other, depending on internal or ex- 
ternal conditions, wins the ascendancy, which has the appearance of a conversion or a 
horrible example of a fall from grace. If one guards oneself from such misunder- 
standings, character changes become importantly significant. 

— 38 — 



"Should the intensity of a symptom justify in general the diagnosis of a 
psychosis, so is one able, when it is of specific significance, as a rule, to apply it as 
a help towards differentiating the psychosis."' 

Bleuler schematizes the condition into basic and accessory symptoms. 

The Basic Symptoms 

"The basic symptoms arise through the schizophrenic disturbances of the asso- 
ciation processes and the aflfectivity, and through the tendency to substitute one's 
own phantasy for the reality and to withdraw from the latter (autismus). .A.s 
further diagnostic signs, diagnosis by exclusion, might be added the absence of 
primary disturbances, for example of the perception, orientation, memory, etc., 
which play an important role in certain other mental diseases. 



^(a) Altered ele- 
mentary func- 



The elementary V 
functions. 



(b) 



tions. 



Intact 
tions. 



func' 



J TTT 



III. 

IV. 
V. 



The association processes. 
The aflfectivity. 

The ambivalence. (Paradoxical 
character.) 



Sensations and perceptions. 

Orientation. 

Memory. 

Apperception. 

Primary psycho-motor activity. 



B. The combined functions. < 



I. The autismus. 

II. Attention. 

III. The will. 

IV. The personality. 

V. Schizophrenic dementia. 

\'^I. Behavior. 



"The combined functions, attention, intelligence, will, psycho-motor activity, the 
resultant of the combination of the preceding functions, are naturally disturbed inso- 
far as the underlying elementary functions, of which only the association and afTec- 
tivity are here involved, are themselves disturbed. Most important and a character- 
istic schizophrenic alteration is that involved in the disturbance of the equilibrium 
between the subjective and objective, between the inner life and outer world. The 
inner life assumes a diseased preponderance over the outer (autismus). 

The Accessory Symptoms 

"It is not often that the basic symptoms are so outspokenly developed that they 
land their victim in an asylum. It is the accessory symptoms that first render his 
remaining in the family impossible, or it is through their manifestations that recogni- 
tion takes place, as well as the seeking of psychiatrical help. They can be manifest 
tiiroughout the whole course of the disease or only appear now and then. They 
imprint themselves mostly as the outward stamp of the disease picture, and as a 
consequence investigators previous to Kraepelin believed themselves to be able, 
exclusively, according to these symptoms and their groupings, to delineate separate 
diseases. 



3U 



The mure familiar of the accessory symptoms arc the hallucinations and delu- 
sions; in additiiin to these, but having found relatively little consideration, are the 
disturbances of memory and the alterations of personality, speech, writing, and a 
number of psychophysical functions which are found many times to be disordered 
in the most irregular but typical manner. A special group of symptoms since Kahl- 
baum have been grouped together under the designation of katatonic symptoms. All 
of these disturbances may be either transitory in character or permanent. In addi- 
tion to these, however, there are definite, acute symptom-komplexes made up of 
combinations of symptoms already mentioned as well as others, which give the 
appearance of being acute, independent psychoses; for us, however, they simply 
represent episodes or exacerbations arising in the course of a chronic diseajse. 



Accessory 
symptoms 



I. Illusions, hallucinations. 
II. Delusions. 

III. The accessory memory disturbances. 

IV. The ego. 

V. Speech and writing. 
VI. Bodily symptoms. 
VII. Katatonic symptoms — 

(a) Katalepsy. 

(b) Stupor. 

(c) Hyperkinetic. 

(d) Stereotypy. 



Mannerisms. 

Negativism. 

Command automatism and echopraxia. 

Automatisms. 
, , Impulsivity. 
VIII. Acute syndromes — 

(a) Melancholic state. 

Maniacal state. 

Katatonic state. 

Delusional state. 

Absence — day-dream states (Ddmmersustdnde) . 

Lethargic state. 

Confusion, incoherence. 

Attacks of rage. 

Anniversary outbreaks. 

Stupor. 

Delirium. 

Fugues, disappearing. 

Dipsomania. 



(e) 
(f) 
(g) 
(h) 
(i) 



(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) 
(f) 
(g) 
(h) 
(i) 
(J) 
(k) 
(1) 
(m) 



The Will 

Bleuler, in discussing the will, says : "The will, the resultant of all the various 
affective and associative processes, is naturally correspondingly disordered in the 
greatest diversity of ways when the above processes are disordered, above all 
through supineness of the feelings, affective inertia or insufficiency. 

_ "Even cases with lighter" disturbances of the will find themselves, on account of 
their abulia, not infrequently in conflict with their environment. The victims of 
this condition appear lazy and careless, since they have no further disposition to 
undertake anything either of their own initiative or at the command of others. 
They may lie in bed by the year, or if, as in the lighter cases, they should have 
Nnshes and desires, they do nothing towards the realization of them. In contrast to 



40 — 



this we also encounter the other form of weakness of the will, of volitional inertia 
characterized by an inability of its victims to resist impulses originating either from 
within or without to satisfy their desires or fancies which many do instanter, some 
without any reflection as to the consequences, some with full insight into the conse- 
quences, but through lack of resistance, through inability to strive against them, 
through supineness and indifference regarding such consequences.* With such 
afifectivity they are capable of anj^thing, not excepting serious crimes. 

"Under certain circumstances, however, one could speak expressly of a hyper- 
bulia. Here the victims carry out with the greatest energy whatever they have set 
their minds on, be it something rational or something irrational. They can then, 
under such conditions, regardless of self, exert themselves to extremes, endure every 
kind of pain and injury and allow nothing to dissuade them from their purpose. 
Such cases can show a persistence under certain circumstances that will continue 
for years. 

Again one sees frequently the otherwise customary combination of weakness of 
the wilP with obstinacy in which, under certain conditions, the one or the other 
factor obtains the ascendancy. In general most of the victims appear capricious, 
vacillating. They promise everything possible, fulfill nothing. Among inmates of 
asylums it is of quite frequent occurence that they, for instance, will ask for work 
only to reject such opportunity offhand when it is offered them. Similarly their 
threats, quite as often, are not carried out. 

"The occurrence of the symptom of stasis, blocking in the sphere of the will, 
is readily recognized. Not infrequently the victim would really do something but 
cannot because the psychomotor mechanism refuses. When such volitional stasis 
persists we have a form of katatonic stupor, 

"Under other circumstances again, irresistible and automatic impulses and 
the various forms of command automatism may occur. These, however, belong 
in the chapter on Katatonic Symptoms." 

As examples of an interesting and fairly frequent type of the hyperbulic form 
of dementia precox we include a brief sketch of the moral defect and the some- 
what less frequent querulant type. 

The prsecox case with moral defect — generally known simply as moral defect or 
moral insanity or moral imbecility — is an interesting albeit pestiferous type of the 
hyperbulic class, which occurs in both sexes, in court cases the male sex pre- 
dominating. It is permanent, though subject to certain modifications of age, etc. 
A sufficient heredity is always obtainable if searched for diligentlj\ Its principal 
symptoms, which are evident in earliest childhood, are an uncontrollable egoistic 
character of powerful impulses and instincts. Ideas of good and bad, right and 
wrong, approach normal development, but the corresponding feeling-tone, which 
makes such knowledge sentient, is lacking and consequently actions and behavior 
remain uninfluenced by any ethical comprehension. This feeling of responsibility re- 
mains absent, there is an absolutely moral callousness, an ethical anesthesia, con- 
scienceless. 

Its victims profess the deepest feelings of remorse for a delict and at the same 
instant are deliberating a similar or other offense. As is obvious, it makes no 

H^sually regarded as a sign of downright moral callousness by the uninitiated. 
(Translator.) 

'^WealtnesB of will used here not only in the sense of deficiency of "urge" (apathy), 
but also in lack of endurance and unity (capriciousness, freakishness, fickleness), as 
well as defective inhibition. 

— 41 — 



(liffcrcmc ulio tlu-ir virlims arc, friends, relatives or strangers, there is an absolute 
clhieal frigidity. They possess a very ready comprehension, but their reasoning is 
ofllimcs erratic through influence of their Komplexes. 

Their ofTenscs consist chiefly in confidence games, swindling, every known 
art of juggliiiK with checks, much less often the ordinary grand and petit larceny. 
They show a fondness for carousing with the opposite sex. Those that marry are 
almost always sooner or later divorced. They often commit bigamy. Alcoholism 
often complicates the picture. They arc fablers of the worst type, all the way 
from deliberate fabrication to pseudologia phantastica, and always directly or in- 
directly to their positive advantage, whereas with the ordinary case of pseudologia 
phantastica it may be directly or indirectly to their disadvantage, though even here 
in some instances, it begets sympathy. They tend to be foppish. They are com- 
monly known as the black sheep of the family. They are immune to every art of 
reform from exhortation to prison, and being devoid of insight through lack of 
complcmental feeling-tone consider all censure as gratuitous and unjust. 

In spite of all this they possess the most ingratiating personality imaginable, 
which is their chief stock in trade, and which is often the means of saving them 
from sentence to prison, which they are most resourceful in circumventing, though 
most all sooner or later land there, but usually not until they have succeeded in 
bringing their friends and relatives to financial ruin in keeping them out. There 
is no class of delinquents who succeed in getting as many tryouts as these do. 
There are, of course, lighter forms, but the type is well-defined and easily recog- 
nizable wherever encountered, be it in pulpit, politics or business. The following 
scheme illustrates in a rough way the relative position of the moral defect to its 
correlated types. 



Type of Crime. 



I. The ordinary hold-up 
man, burglar, thief, 
gunman. 
II. Safe-blower, pick- 
pocket. 
III. Confidence games, 
swindlers. 



Intelligence. 



Mental age, 10.5—12.0. 



Low and middle grade so- 
ciopath. 

Middle grade sociopath to 
average intelligence. 



Psychopathy. 



Dementia praecox. 



Dementia praecox. 

Dementia praecox. 
(Moral insanity.) 



Moral defect may be regarded from one angle as a mental stigma of degen- 
eration, similar to such circumscribed inabilities after sufficiently applied effort has 
been made as not being able to commit a simple tune to memory, grasp simple num- 
bers, not necessarily mathematics, spell, etc., — what has been designated mental 
defect in contrast to mental defectiveness, even though the underlying mental 
mechanisms may not always coincide. Such mental stigmata may be further con- 
trasted with such stigmata as color blindness, anosmia (inability to smell), stutter- 
ing, lisping, tics, etc., which latter, however, like inability to learn a tune, appear 
to be conditioned by a defect of the special sense or motor organ involved. Some 
of these organs, such as the retina, are considered by some investigators to be 
projections of the brain. Whether, however, the defect is of central or peripheral 
origin is undetermined in certain cases. The moral defect often has a broad, high, 
receding forehead running down to a well-rounded but heavy supraorbital ridge, 
which might almost be included with the other stigmata. All stigmata hark back 
somewhere to a conjoined psychopathic origin. No cas'e should be diagnosed, how- 



42 — 



ever, without taking in and evaluating the whole ensemble. Stigmata, in addition 
to being divided into mental and physical, may also be divided into intrinsic and 
extrinsic, some being much more significant than others. The list of physical 
stigmata are innumerable, though but a few may occur in each individual, and in- 
clude the various types of ear deviations and defects, the various cleavage stigmata 
such as hare-lip, cleft palate, exstrophy of bladder, hypo- and epispadias, hernias, 
etc.; also malalignment of teeth and malformations of palate, color anomalies of 
irides, etc. 

As a rule, however, the amoral dementia praecox case does not exhibit these 
in any larger number than any other psychopath of similar intelligence level. An 
opposite, correlated, though rarer, type also occurs, Folic du scruptde, in which 
hyperscrupulousness, overconscientiousness, an exactiousness occurs, which later 
tends to be used as the censor of the action of others as well as one's own. In con- 
trast to the amoral type who is very vain, the scrupulous type shows a tendency to 
self-disparagement in excess, an inverted ego, and it could be readilj' assumed that 
should such types develop such psychoses as paresis, etc., that the sj-mptom kom- 
plex of the one would be colored bj' the dementia praecox makeup and in the first 
instance wo would have grandiose ideas and boastfulncss and in the second self- 
reproach and self-abnegation respectively. 

It also is a species of dementia praecox, a t\-pe in which the ideas of right are 
overloaded, overcharged with complemental feeling-tone. Here, too, various de- 
grees occur from such light grades that they are almost inappreciable to the casual 
observer, becoming exaggerated at physiological and other stress periods, espec- 
ially at puberty, senesence, or the senium, up to degrees so bad that it becomes a 
typical obsession and they are a burden to themselves and others, and ofttimes find 
their way into asylums. Their exactiousness may be carried over to an inordinate 
order and discipline komplex (designated by certain psychoanalysts as the anal kom- 
plex) and in some ways overlap the quernlans type. 

Another type of the hyperbulic class closely related to the paranoid types is 
the querulous form known as dementia praecox querulans, which is regarded by 
some writers as an entity sui generis and termed by them litigious insanity. It 
occurs in males and females, though among the cases getting into the court the 
males predominate. A sufficiency of heredity is never lacking. It occurs in all 
degrees from simple social incompatability, pedantisni, peevishness, preciseness, 
contentiousness, doctrinarianism, exactiousness up to paranoid forms. 

The principal symptoms are manifested in a supersensitiveness and overesti- 
mation concerning the usurpations of one's rights and privileges. They are highly 
sensitized, acrimonious individuals when their real or imaginary prerogatives are 
invaded in fact or imagination. Very often real paranoid delusions are super- 
added. They are suspicious of everyone where their touchy spot is involved. 
They cleave to form rather than content, especially when it suits their purpose. 
Like paranoiacs, they cannot be convinced of their errors, and everything becomes 
secondary to redressing their imaginary wrongs. They regard every means of 
righting their wrongs as legitimate — to them any and all means justify the end. 
They resort to the most unusual legal processes to gain their end as they see it. 
These cases are generally of fair average intelligence, but like the other praecox 
cases their reasoning processes become erratic where their Komplex is involved, 
which only permit them to evaluate what is to their advantage and ignore as well 
as twist and turn any logical facts against their claims, lying and defaming as 

— 43 — 



suits their purpose, showing presence of ethical defect. Like other praecoxes, they 
arc often sex delicts. 

The least injustice, be it merited or unmerited, will be sufficient to start end- 
less processes, which will be carried through the courts to the highest tribunal. 
Such cases during the trial constantly interject promptings into the proceedings, 
seize on every possible technicality, complain about the judges and their own at- 
torneys, of favoring the other side, lodge complaints with higher authorities against 
the judges trying their cases, and try to see such authorities and appellate judges 
to lodge complaint in the first instance and influence the judge in the second. He 
sacrifices Iiis business, savings and family in his pursuit of justice, his case being 
lost for want of sufficient grounds or the laws not covering the case. 

When all court proceedings are finally exhausted he may take the law into 
his own hands or may content himself with simply threatening all those involved. 
As an illustration wc may refer to one of our cases. He is age 56, in the United 
States 30 years, diagnosis higli grade borderland sociopath plus dementia prcseox 
querulans. He has had three different lawyers in this one instance, all of whom 
withdrew from the case. 

Without the least semblance of a case he persists in seeking satisfaction, and 
now threatens, since he cannot get it through the court, to take matters in his own 
hands, and he and his friends will resort to guns and by this means bring the vil- 
lainy of the court to the attention of the people, the higher authorities, and at the 
same time secure satisfaction. His business, that took years of patient toil to es- 
tablish, has been lost through neglect. The legal processes have cost him his 
savings of years as well as his property and all the money he was able to raise 
among his friends. 

It is interesting to observe how often these cases can secure champions through 
appealing in the name of justice, for the righting of wrongs, through their tales of 
mistreatment and malpractice. Cases of this type often succeed in enlisting the 
services and active support of prominent professional and business men over ex- 
tended periods until the denouement when they in turn are generally drawn in and 
lined up with the rest as plotters and conspirators. 

Our experience with the heredity of dementia praecox cases with their as- 
cendants and descendants practically convinces us that the condition is always 
hereditary, that one can always find sufficient evidences to account for it in the 
ascendants beyond what is customarily found in the average famiiy. This test has 
never failed us. When one has a case of dementia praecox they can maintain 
without fear of contradiction that in the immediately preceding relationship there 
has been evidence of psychopathy, if not recognized outright as cases of dementia 
praecox, yet indirectly under various combinations, such as chronic alcoholics, ne'er- 
do-wells, criminals, suicides, wife beaters and deserters. The hereditary laws 
involved here appear to be practically similar to those found among the feeble- 
minded, a most significant fact in its bearing on other similarities between the two 
conditions. 

The transmission of mental defectiveness seems to be unusually intense both 
in the direction of time as well as space, not only manifesting itself through gen- 
erations, but being at the same time widely distributed throughout the lateral 
branches. 

The majority of systematic writers, however, regard dementia praecox as only 
inheritable in from twenty to eighty per cent of their cases. Some wTiters systematic- 

— 44 — 



Aly insist that it is an acquired disease and due to disturbance of the ductless 
glands, auto-intoxication, etc., which theory, after all, seems to be but one step 
removed from direct heredity ; the latter theory, like the one that the condition is 
always hereditary, has at least the merit of consistency, whereas the theory that 
claims it is sometimes hereditary and sometimes acquired finds itself on the horns 
of a dilemina with two irreconcilables. We must always, of course, keep the dis- 
tinction clear in mind between transmission that is congenital, as, for instance, 
acquired lues transmitted from parent to offspring, and that which is hereditary, 
as, for instance, where we see dementia praecox running through generation after 
generation, including not only the parents and their grand and great grandparents, 
etc., on one or both sides, but also the uncles, aunts and cousins through similar 
generations. In case history taking, all diseases and diatheses appearing through- 
out the family should be recorded and appear on the heredity charts except in 
special case studies. Such data would no doubt enhance our information in this 
field materially. Tuberculosis, for instance, is especially conspicuous in our his- 
tories. 

We become more and more convinced that instead of calling dementia praecox 
a disease it should rather be called a condition like feeble-mindedness, and that it, 
like feeble-mindedness, is present practically at birth. Certain forms of praecox 
in comparison to feeble-mindedness of the intellectual side, might be considered 
forms of feeble-mindedness of the affective side. Feeble-mindedness of the in- 
tellectual side and dementia praecox may exist in the same individual, in various 
degrees, when it is called pfropfhebephrenia, or they may exist independently. In 
our opinion pfropfhephrenia, which means dementia praecox hebephrenia grafted 
on feeble-mindedness of the intellect, is a misnomer; as we feel they are coinci- 
dental, and the idea of dementia prrecox being grafted as erroneous, however, 
the word has gone into the literature and it would only lead to confusion to change 
it now or introduce a new designation, and our theories also await further accept- 
ance. We would only add, however, that we should also speak of pfropfkatatonia, 
pfropfparanoides, etc., though the paranoides cases are seldom seen at all well 
developed in individuals below the low grade sociopath group as there is not suffi- 
cient mentality below this level with which to elaborate and work up delusions and 
systematize them to any extent. In the light paranoid forms we see the pressure 
of the dementia praecox komplexes working out the premises in which the wish is 
father to the thought with a finesse in proportion to their intelligence, adding a 
point here, leaving one out there with what would be regarded by the uninitiated 
as arrant cupidity and moral callousness beyond ordinary belief — twisting, omit- 
ting, adding half-truths, innuendos, etc., all besmirched with praeco.x komplexes of 
the most resistless urge, to support conclusions which, as far as the premises go, 
are quite logical. The work of such wish building is clumsy or fine according to 
the intellectual capacity and the pressure of the komplexes. Such praecoxes, where 
there is no especial intellectual defect and a not too outspoken praecox defect, re- 
main unrecognized as such b}' the uninitiated, and they leave a trail after them 
throughout their lives, as unfortunate for themselves as for others whose paths 
they cross. They manage pretty well to keep just within the law. 

Paranoia may be regarded as a more refined form of paranoides, the same 
mental mechanisms seeming to be at play in both forms. The intelligence is 
usually higher and the komplexes are more circumscribed, thus increasing in in- 
tensity and decreasing in extensity. 

— 46 — 



In this connection it nii^lit lurthcr be found helpful to rearrange the various 
symptoms now subsumed under the head of katatonia, into two groups, the akinetic 
and tiic hyperkinetic. I'or the former we could reserve the designation of kata- 
tonia (catatonia) and would continue to include such symptoms as katalepsy, 
stupor, mutism, negativism, passive melancholia, attonita, etc., for the hyperkinetic 
wc c<iiild designate l)y some such word as kataclonia (from Kara K\ovi w 
strengthening) which would take over such symptoms as impulsiveness, stereotypy, 
nianntrisnis, spontaneous automatism, cchopraxia, echolalia, active negativism, mel- 
ancholia agitata, etc., up to mania. 

The field of interplay between the intellect and affectivity opened up by the 
positive methods of the psychological approach to mental diseases or conditions 
is of the most elucidating import, clarifying, as it does, much doubtful material and 
confusion in the realm of symptomatology, ensuing dementia, prognosis, behavior, 
possibilities, etc. The hereditary factors here in the various combinations also ofTer 
a most promising field of study. 

Since fceble-mindedness and dementia praeco.x are the result of an hereditary 
mechanism and, therefore, constitutional, and since we may assume in general 
terms the cortex to be the part of the brain involved in the first case and the basal 
ganglia as the part involved in the second, it is only natural to suppose that both 
the above divisions would be subject more or less equally to deleterious hereditary 
influence, and consequently we would be more apt to get cases as typified in 
pfropfhcbephrenia, katatonia, etc., than either strictly alone. The fact that the 
cortex is phylogenetically younger and more unstable, and consequently more sus- 
ceptible to certain deleterious influences, must be considered ; on the other hand, 
the fact that the basal ganglia are older, render this part of the brain more ex- 
posed to degenerative processes or even to the evolution of new types. That the 
various mental and other pathological conditions are always degenerative in the 
sense of atavistic is not so certain, the possibility of the evolutions over the years 
of new types impresses itself on one sufficiently to suspend final judgment in the 
matter for the present. It would seem, at all events, whether it is a matter of 
atavism or evolution, that everything should be done to anticipate the heredity of 
the mass of such individuals. 

The fact that, in mental defectives with combined defect of both intellectual 
side and affective side, as pfropfhebephrenia, for example, the condition remains 
static in the vast majority of cases, to all intents and purposes, is a further proof 
that both conditions are often of common origin — that it is a constitutional condi- 
tion, both cortex and basal ganglia having suffered in the common underlying in- 
terference with development or other deleterious action. 

According to this, also, we would expect to find a high percentage of mental 
defectives with only intellectual defect to be acquired feeble-mindedness and due 
to trauma, inflammation, etc., on account of the exposed position of cortex and 
affected during developmental years, and we might also regard somewhat similarly 
disease of the basal ganglia, though in a high percentage of cases disease, inflamma- 
tions, trauma, etc., would be as apt to affect both seats more or less, making due 
allowance for probable earlier ripening of the affective elements. The influence of 
hereditary paucity of factors of safety in terms of lessened resistance must also be 
considered. In feeble-mindedness the neurological findings help us to place its 
advent ontologically. 

It would be helpful if writers discussing the transmission of unit characters 

— 46 — 



would try to remember that if they were not organically based they could not be 
hereditary and that there must be some physical basis on which to transmit these 
characters, which most obviously would be the nervous system, and if they would 
discuss the two together in the relationship of transmission of characters, it would 
be much more clarifying. As it is now, they leave us with the belief that there 
is another state beyond the nervous system existing and transmitting. 

The influence of transmitting, instead of positive defects, negative defects, i. e., 
lessened factors of resistance or safetj-, with their ensuing proclivity to disease or 
trauma, is also worth attention. Such brain conditions, however, are not analogous 
to the myopathies. 

In separating mental defectiveness into the two great classes, namely, intelligence 
defect, subdivided into idiots, imbeciles, morons, sociopaths, etc., as well as other 
organic diseases primarily affecting the cortex, as paresis, senile dementia, arter- 
iosclerosis and other degenerative processes, as well as the effects of the narcotics, 
and into affective defect, under which is included the majority of the insanities, 
certain of the defects of the affective side of the personality, such as dementia 
praecox, may be well classified in the same way that we do intelligence defect, or 
subnormality, with corresponding quantitative or qualitative lack of development, 
which may be compared in degree to idiots, imbeciles, etc., of the intelligence side, 
such difference here as there manifesting itself quite clearly in the resulting be- 
havior. Like feeble-mindedness of the intelligence side, they show on the whole 
a relative invariabilit}-, except, perhaps, that it is more manifest in the earliest days 
of life than intelligence defect, except in the most outspoken cases of the latter, 
the low-grade idiots, for instance, and tending, if at all, in certain forms towards 
aggravation, whereas those with intelligence defect alone show, on the contrary, 
over relatively long periods of time a slight improvement through long repetition 
of simple acts, by the processes of accretion rather than assimilation, or the actual 
working up of such knowledge through analysis and sj^nthesis as part of the web 
and woof of their general intelligence fund. Intelligence and affectivity may be 
regarded respectively as our mental capital and credit. The effects of our strengths 
and weaknesses here are cumulative in their scope. 

Bleuler says, in his monograph discussing the differential diagnosis between 
the various degrees of feeble-mindedness and dementia praecox, that all degrees 
of feeble-mindedness have the following in common: 

"It begins intrauterine, or in early life, and is substantially non-progressive. 
Affectivity very irregular, though in principle not departing from the normal. 
The extent of the variation appears where possible still greater than with normals. 
Absence of stifling of the affectivity. Associations restricted intellectually to the 
immediate, nearest at hand reactions. Dementia praecox shows association dis- 
turbance of different nature, as well as typical disturbance of the affectivity." 

It will be seen throughout that there is practically an interdependence between 
the mental age, representing the basic intelligence and chronological age after the 
early developmental stages, showing that the mental level when reached remains 
static. It represents our mental capital and when it is too low it inevitably leads 
to socio-economic bankruptcy. The affective side of our mentality represents our 
credit, our enterprise, and stands in more or less interdependence to the amount of 
capital ; when it has shortcomings it, too, leads to inevitable socio-economic bank- 
ruptcy, even though the mental capital should be high. 

By the psychological approach to mental disease we have an excellent control 

— 47 — 



„f s.imilatiun as well as dissimulation, which is and can be so readily attempted 
where the ordinary clinical diagnostical mcliiods alone have to be relied upon. We 
have liad a few cases attempt simulation of clinical symptoms which we promptly 
uncovered by the psychological tests. We have had the same experience with a 
larRcr number of dissimulators who suspected all was not right with them, and 
who did not want to be committed to an asyUim. Several paranoid cases with good 
intclliKcncc attempted this. Several of our cases attempted dissimulation of their 
insanity, preferring to take a sentence in the penitentiary to a commitment to an 
asylum, which meant permanent custodial care. Regardless under which heading 
one is disposed to subsume the various psychopathological signs or symptoms that 
Bleuler has analyzed out and grouped under the heading of "Die Gruppe der 
Schi/ophrenien," we must acknowledge his great service to psychopathology, as well 
as the fact of the undisputed existence of such psychopathic states and intelligence 
defects and their correlation to crime. 

Furthermore, no matter what name one chooses to subsume the various symp- 
toms under, one thing remains certain, and that is that in general terms the de- 
linquent is a defective according to the tests which show beyond all cavil that his 
mental processes are abnormal and his abnormal behavior is but a sign or symptom 
of his abnormal mental makeup. 

At present the future of psychiatry lies in the psychological approach, just as 
we find our ability to detect functional change in other organs in a large percentage 
of disease is within reach much earlier than detection of anatomical changes. We 
know that in paresis, for instance, the anatomical and even serological changes are 
quite far advanced before the ordinary clinical signs are available for diagnosis, 
while the psychological or functional signs are practically not only co-existent with 
them, but offer some immediate and practical prospects of securing early definite 
detection through further refinement of methods. 

We have been calling latent dementia praecox, simple and pre-dementia prae- 
cox, not that in any of these cases the process is actually latent, for if it was we 
could not diagnose it, as our tests are made on the patient's thinking and acting 
processes, and it is these processes which make up his daily behavior, consequently 
where dementia praecox is diagnosable we must also say that his behavior is in- 
fluenced by it, and that the dementia praecox is not latent. However, there are 
quantitative differences, from almost normal to extreme mania. 

The regular neurological examinations of our patients have furnished much 
information of the most positive nature; a fairly high percentage of our cases 
showing qualitative and quantitative alterations of the neurological reactions which 
furnish quite concrete corroboration of our other findings. Where available, we 
include such findings in our written reports to the judges. 

The space is not available, nor is this the place for such technical discussions 
which do not appeal to the general interest, and we will publish and discuss such 
findings elsewhere. The same is also true of a considerable collection of anthro- 
pological, anthropometrical and heredity data we have made. 

The following statistics and analyses will afford a view behind the scenes of 
what is being daily staged in our courts. 



48 — 




Mrs. \| \|{1K K. IIICKSON 

Assistant 
Psychopathic Laboratoiy 



THE BOYS COURT. 

The Boys Court of the Municipal Court of Chicago was inaugurated April 1, 
1914, through the instrumentality of Chief Justice Olson and the Associate Judges 
of the court, of whom the following formed the committee: chairman, Chief 
Justice Olson, and Associate Judges Hopkins, Scully, Goodnow and Caverly. With 
the co-operation of interested social workers who had assisted in the introduction 
of the Juvenile Court with its psychopathic institute for the study of problem 
cases, and actuated by the same motives, namely, to segregate boys from older 
and hardened ofifenders, they worked for the establishment of the Boys Court 
and the Psychopathic Laboratory. The director of the laboratory, however, through 
having had experience in the clinics of Ziehen, Bleuler, Kraepelin and others on 
the continent with cases of all ages from the juvenile to the senile delinquents, 
male and female, sent for diagnoses, decided with the consent of Chief Justice 
Olson and his associates, to institute the same system here in order to include 
cases from all the various branches of the court, especially the Morals, Domestic 
Relations, with its bastardy branch, and the outside criminal branches, in order to 
all the better study the problem of the delinquent, both in its individualistic and 
general aspects, thereby considerably enlarging the scope of the laboratory. We 
also adopted the continental idea of concentration, carrying it in this particular 
beyond anjlhing abroad, in that we devoted the work of the laboratory exclusively 
to the study and examination of delinquents, whereas abroad such cases are taken 
care of in the general clinics and formed but a relatively small part of the daily 
examinations, and while we were cognizant abroad that we could rarely submit a 
report to the court in which we could certify to a delinquent's normality and 
responsibility, yet we were not able to realize this fact in its full significance until 
we handled the cases en masse as the specialized courts with specialized laboratory 
permitted us to do and when these two were brought together the true situation 
was at once laid bare. We therefore had to cut out our own path of procedure 
largely as there were no other similar institutions in operation from which we 
could pattern. 

The Boys Court affords us a strong focus on the whole criminal situation for 
practically all criminals begin their careers before the age of 21. Practically all 
those who have already been in the Juvenile Court eventually get into the Boys 
Court too, as well as later into the Criminal Court, consequently a study of the 
findings in this court orients us pretty thoroughly on the whole subject of crim- 
inality. The fact that most criminals begin their careers in these early years and 
are not scattered indefinitely over different ages is significant in more ways than one. 
It shows that the tendency to conflict with environment is laid down in him from 
the beginning and as soon as he has occasion, as he develops, as he is called upon 
in the struggle of life to test out his strengths and weaknesses on his environment, 
he fails. This is clearly shown by our cases in their very earliest trials, and it is 
but a further confirmation of the findings of the laboratory in regard to their 
underlying defectiveness as well, that in spite of all the efforts to reform these 
cases by special schools, homes, probation, isolation from older, hardened crim- 
inals — in the Juvenile Court from the Boys Court and in the latter from the other 
criminal courts — they continue their careers unabated. 

— 49 — 



Ill 



i)i the specialized courts the Boys Court deals essentially with criministic 
...atcrial and it is therefore of special interest from the viewpoint of crime, 
criminals jurisprudence, socio-economics and abnormal psychology in this rela- 
tionship. ' In the matter of crime it is in contrast with the other specialized courts 
in that it deals proportionately more largely with what are known as the funda- 
mental crimes, such as burglary, larceny, hold-ups, homicide, etc., in contrast, for 
instance, to the Domestic Relations Court, where family disturbances, such as 
non-support, abuse, desertion, bastardy, contributing to the delinquency of children, 
etc.. arc disposed of, or the Morals Court, where prostitution plays the chief role, 
or the outside criminal branches, where disorderly conduct and the like forms the 
bulk of the work, tliough there is, as a matter of fact, much direct and collateral 
relationship and fundamental equivalency, running through all these various 
branches, the type of cases in one court being but the expression in its own terms 
for the others, dependent upon such secondary factors as age, sex, etc. Many of 
our male and female Domestic Relations Court cases hark back to the Boys and 
Morals Court, the girls in the Boys Court as complaining witnesses and both in 
the Morals Court, where often they have been married, in most instances more 
or less forced, or they are recruited from the forced marriage ranks of the 
bastardy court. The Morals Court connects up, as partially explained above, di- 
rectly in handling boys who have been also in the Boys Court and also indirectly 
by the fact that many of the girls in the Morals Court are the sisters and ofttimes 
the mothers of our Boys Court cases. Many of our bastardy cases eventually 
turn up again either in the Morals Court or the Domestic Relations Court. The 
outside criminal branches dispose preliminarily, on numerous charges of disorderly 
conduct and the like, of a great many of the cases that finally come into the 
Domestic Relations Court when the patience of the wife and family has been finally 
worn out. It is quite remarkable how long and how intensely these men and 
women, where thej- are the respective complainants, will suffer before they complain 
to the court, many times because both are to blame, often, however, through their 
helplessness, many times, though, through sheer patience. 

Then we find a certain number of our graduates from the Boys Court, when 
they come to be beyond the Boys Court age, turning up in our outside criminal 
courts. Their sisters furnish much of the material of the bastardy court. It will 
be seen then that there is a family unity which comes out so regularly in our 
family histories in all of these courts and they treat but separate sides of it. This 
iinitariness is further emphasized in the high degree of recidivism they all show. 

As a corollary to what has been said above in relation to crime in the Boys 
Court, we deal here essentially with criminals, that is, those committing the so-called 
fundamental crimes, and from this standpoint alone offer much subject for study 
as well as food for thought. We find all such apprehended daily in a city of two 
and a half million population, as well as similar individuals from all the smaller 
communities who tend to congregate in the larger cities where detection is 
diminished and opportunities greater. We thus see them en masse, which offers 
unusual opportunities for detecting common mental and physical traits. We study 
them medicallj', including their physiology, nutrition, psjxhology, etc. ; anthropo- 
logically, such as stigma of degeneration, nationality, etc. ; and anthropometrically, 
such as stature, weight, and other measurements ; educationallj- — their school 
records, truancj", subnormal classes, grade, etc. ; and economical!}- — we have seen 
that in the life of the individual we have physiological and psychological critical 

— 50 — 



periods, so also do we have economic critical periods, one of which comes within 
the ages covered by the Boys Court. It is in these j^ears that he must find himself 
and be about his work. He is expected to become self-sustaining or mostly so, 
and therefore has to measure his abilities with the world. 

Perhaps one of the most impressive features about our cases is the matter of 
recidivism, all the way from our bastardy court up to the Boys and Morals courts. 

The bastardy cases repeat in that court a certain number of times and then 
appear in the Domestic Relations and Morals courts. Their children follow fast 
in their footsteps. Domestic Relations Court cases repeat and repeat, receivejlj: 
assistance, advice, admonition, continuations, probation. House of Correction!, 
sentences. Thej' gravitate in a large proportion of cases into the divorce court.' ■ 
separations, alms house, insane asylum, feeble-minded institutions, penitentiary, etc. 
Their children on the whole repeat the Municipal Court cj'cles. 

It is difficult to determine, as there are no identification records kept of sufficient 
control, exactly how much repeating there is in the Morals Court, but it is no doubt 
even higher than in the Boys Court, as prostitution is of necessity more or less 
openly and frequently carried on. An insignificant few are first offenders ; most 
have already had Juvenile and other court records. These cases terminate largely 
in the alms house, insane asylum, feeble-minded institutions, etc. Many of them, 
almost all, have given birth to children in their earlier days, who keep up the 
traditions. 

Recidivism 

Recidivism is much the crux of the whole criminological situation, while at 
one and the same time it is the most illuminating and also most discouraging 
symptom in that it shows the hopelessness of our present methods of dealing with 
crime, and that therefore there must be something fundamentally wrong because 
it confirms our findings that the underlying cause in the vast majority of cases is 
an incurable hereditary constitutional mental defectiveness. In the following pages 
two sets of statistics bearing on this are given, one compiled by us from the Boys 
Court records, in the Bureau of Social Service, and the other from the laboratory 
records, and while necessarily incomplete, nevertheless they show with sufficient 
clearness this feature of the subject. The statistics compiled from the Boys Court 
records are only approximate, since there is no system of identification in operation 
there beyond what recognition is possible for the social worker who fills in such 
data on cards as name, address, etc., each morning, and what admissions of previous 
arrests the boys choose to make. Another big defect in the control of repeaters is 
the fact that the Bo\'s Court only handles cases between the ages of 17 and 21, 
and since there are a large number of these boj's reaching the age of 21 each j-ear 
and dropping out of the Boj'S Court supervision, we lose track of them. Another 
reason for lack of control is the fact that the court is only three years old and 
we have no records on that large group of cases that were of the Boys Court age 
and committed crimes before the Boys Court was established. We also have no 
control beyond their own admissions as to whether they have ever been in the 
Juvenile Court and the number of times, nor their criminal careers after they are 
beyond the Boys Court age. There is another group we lose track of who have 
been in Pontiac and other reformatories and who broke their parole and are 
returned to be re-reformed without going through the Boys Court. There is 
another group at both extremes of the Boys Court age who have records in the 

— 51 — 



t..url an. I. U. bidc-.stci) llicin, lie about their age to evade the Boys Court with its 
records. Another group is made up of those serving sentences who might be sent 
away for several years, say from age 18 to 21 to Pontiac, for instance, and we 
would therefore only have them under control for one year. A certain percentage 
die violent or natural deaths. The court will have to be at least four years in 
operation before it can control its minimum record, that is, delinquents reaching 
ages 17 up to 21. 

I l-'rom the opening of the Boys Court April 1, 1914, to July 1, 1917, a period of 

iliirty-ninc months, there appeared 18,696 defendants, credited with 24,424 arrests, 
an average of 1.31 arrests to a boy in the Boys Court. This latter index is bad 
enough as it is, but it hardly even approximates the true condition of affairs, for 
in the first place the court has not been running long enough to control statistically 
the extent of repeating done by our cases, as before the inauguration of the court, 
April 1, 1914, we had no records at all kept on them and many of those coming 
before the court had already received more or less extended sentences. Second, 
the age span covered by the Boys Court is rather short, namely, age 17 to 21, and 
consequently in the beginning a certain percentage of our cases were passing 
beyond our jurisdiction and statistical control, above the average which will remain 
more or less static after the court is four years old. And, thirdly, we have no 
means of identification other than memory of the judges, who change more or 
less, or the memory of the social worker in charge of preparing the cards on the 
boys coming up for trial daily, or the frankness of the boys themselves. Quite a 
few repeaters slip through as first offenders, some being known to have as many 
as half a dozen aliases. There are a certain percentage of boys on parole from 
Pontiac and other reformatories who commit crime, but are transferred back to 
such institutions and consequently do not go through the Boys Court as they should, 
and the record is therefore not kept up. Ultimately we will find that the average 
arrests to a boy in the Boys Court, to say nothing of those before and after, will 
be much higher when we overcome the present obstacle of short existence of the 
court and control of this group and lack of exact methods of identification, though 
the former rather than the latter is more responsible for the deficiencies here. 
We have only had full track since the opening of the court of the small group of 
boys who were then aged seventeen. Those over that age were lost for our 
statistical control sooner or later as they approached the age limit of twenty-one. 

It would be very elucidating if we could control the statistics on our cases 
throughout their careers, both before and after the Boys Court age, as we know 
indirectly that they appear in very large numbers both in the Juvenile Court before 
they come to us and in the Criminal Court after theyjeave us.' The curve of arrestg^ 
starts at about age six and rapidly rises. Since there is a certain percentage of 
cases, relativefy small though it^sTthat begin their criminal career, or rather are 
first arrested, at or shortly beyond age 21, it might be advisable to extend the 
Boys Court age a year or two to take these in, and thus extend to these also 
whatever beneficent influences the Boys Court stands for, not that we can discern 
any tangible results from such influence on mental defectiveness from which, we 
are convinced, the vast majority of our delinquents are afflicted, with the exception 
of a small group of borderland cases that might be amenable to such influences. 
Such an attitude is quite consistent with the average court and its objective attitude 
towards crime an,l criminals, though here again we find that the specialized courts 

— 52 — 



r- 



\ 



of the Municipal Court of Chicago do not blindly hold to this theory and do not 
hesitate to deviat e from it to do a piece of constructive work. 

The above figures give an average of 628.71 arrests per month represented by 
479.38 respondents. The above is only the average, which exhibits slight seasonal 
variations, but is static from year to year, relatively to population. 

We have also compiled statistics from these records which show that in this 
period there were 1,538 sentences to the House of Correction, represented by 1,462 
delinquents or an average of 1.05 sentences to a case for the short period covered 
by our records. This, of course, does not include those put on probation, committed 
to Pontiac or held to Criminal Court, fined or discharged. We have further 
computed the statistics on the Juvenile Count history of our group and find a 
total of 2,071 arrests credited to 1,392 boys, or an average of 1.49 arrests to a boy. 
We have every reason to believe that this is quite under the reality, but the 
recorder had to depend entirely on the frankness of the boys for this data. 

\^Tien we -figure otrtth^e percentage of repeaters in onr t:ourts,"everi though 
we have very little direct control after all of the really great extent of recidivism 
that we know to exist through our daily experience in touch with the cases, the 
number of crimes, amount of prostitution, number of desertions, beatings, etc., 
committed by the cases from the Boys, Morals, Domestic Relations and other 
courts, respectively, before they are apprehended, is not recorded, though we know 
it is very high. It is not uncommon for a boy to have perpetrated ten, fifteen or 
twenty thefts, hold-ups, etc., before he is caught. The years from 17 to 21 of the 
Boys Court allow of but a very small span in which to get data on this subject, 
since if a boy is caught when he is 19 and given a sentence that runs two years, 
we have only had him under observation from age 17 to 19; if at the same time 
he is finishing a term begun before he was of Boys Court age, gets out when he 
is 18 or 19 and is soon rearrested and given another sentence, sent back to Pontiac, 
for instance, we have practically had him but a very short time. 

If we compute the average in the Boys and Juvenile courts our cases show 
an average of 2.80 arrests to a boy. This does not include the numerous arrests 
which these boys have undergone after they passed beyond the Juvenile Court 

age and before the establishment of the Boys Court. - — 

— --inhese hoys were curable, one dose of such medicine as commitment to any 
of the juvenile and other custodial and reform institutions would be enough, as 
they have an antipathy toward them and toward recommitments quite pitiable to 
behold, in spite of the fact that they fortunately do not always have the same 
degree of sensitiveness about it that normals would, but neither does one dose nor 
several make any impression, regardless of how well equipped such institutions 
may be for their work where the case is defective. All such institutions, just like 
our schools, should have defective classes, though here the relations would be 
reversed. In the schools the normals make up the majority, in the reformatory 
schools and institutions the defectives make up the bulk. However, some provision 
should be made to separate those above the outspoken defective grade, such as 
the borderland cases. " 

Several of our boys who have committed murder have either been hanged or 
are serving life sentences. Most of these cases had been examined and diagnosed 
by us on occasions of arrest previous to the murder and all found defective and 
they could easily have been isolated and the homicides anticipated. All these cases 
Iiave extensive previous criminal records. 

— 53 — 



In. Ill May Ist, 19\A, to April 3()tli, 1^17, there were 2,026 cases examined from 
the boys Court, siihdividcd into the following groups: 

Hoys, age 17 to 21 l-^^ 

Males over Boys Court age ^^ 

Males under Hoys Court age, 3, and one female 4 

Female accomplices of boys ^ 

Miscrllancous ^^ 

2,026 

The intelligence rating follows: 

The boys' group, age 17 to 21, was as follows : 

Number 

of Cases. Percentage. 

Average Intelligence 183 9.19 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 177 . 8.88 

High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 102 5.12 

Low Grade Sociopaths 138 6.96 

High Grade Morons 1,082 54.32 

Middle Grade Morons 235 11.80 

Low Grade Morons 73 3.66 

Imbeciles 2 0.1 

Total .^^^_^^^,,,,_^^ 1,992 



J 



Average Intelligence Group 
Mental diagnoses and arrests. 

.Av'ge arrests 
Total No. of Average chron- .\verage basal Average total in Boys 
cases. ological age. ago. mental age. Court. 

183 18.83 10.36 12.59 1.6 



Average previ- 
ous arrests in Average .Juve- 
Municipal nile Court 
Court.* arrests. 



.29 



.18 



In the above group of 183 cases, we have arrest records on 171. From the 
whole group of 171 cases, the average arrest in outside criminal branches of the 
Municipal Court per boy was .29. The average computed only on boys arrested 
was, per boj', 1.58. Juvenile Court records of average intelligence group computed 
on 171 cases gives average arrest per boy for whole group of .18. In all courts 
the average arrest per boy was 1.31. 

One boy sent to Pontiac had twentj^-three indictments against him, of hold-up 
and larceny. He had fair average intelligence, with dementia praecox hebephrenia. 
His history is given in appendix. 

In this group of 171 cases, six have been in St. Charles Reform School, one 
also in John Worthy School ; one had been in Juvenile Court three times ; two spent 
seventeen months in St. Charles ; one eighteen months in Huntington Reformatory ; 
one was in Dunning three times, and committed by us the fourth time. 

In a group of 57 cases of average intelligence, but with some form of psycho- 



•Average previous arrests does not include Juvenile Court, and covers arrests of 
these boys In our outside criminal branches prior to establishment of Bovs Court. This 
Js consequently gradually decreasing, and in another year will have disappeared. 

The longer the Poy.s Court is in ope-ation, the lower wlU be the average indices of 
arrests in these branches, as, for example, in computing the report in 1915, we found 
the average for high grade sociopaths was .57, as against .20 in this report, or average 
arrest to a boy of 1.66 in 1915 report, to 1.28 in this report. For middle gi-ade socio- 
paths, it was 0.20. as against 0.52 in 1915, or an average arrest to a bov of 1.25 in 1915, 
to 1.0 m this report. As is quite obvious, this feature will be practicallj- entirely elimi- 
nated when the Boys Court is in existence four rears. 



54 — 



pathy (with the exception of two, who were arrested only once, and then in the 
Roys Court — they both had single basal), the number of arrests ran as follows: 

B. C. P. A. Juv. Ct. 

One arrest 39 5 6 

Two arrests 8 1 2 

Three arrests 8 1 1 

Four arrests 

Five arrests 2 2 

Average Intelligence Group — Psychopathy 
In this group of 183 cases, we had a total of seventy-five cases of dementia 
prsecox of various forms, such as hebephrenia, katatonia and paranoides. Of 
these cases : 

Eight were complicated by alcoholism. 
Eleven were complicated by moral defect. 
Two were complicated by homosexuality. 
One was complicated by juvenile paresis. 
One was complicated by drug addiction. 
One was complicated by hysteriform seizures. 

Of the above cases, three were outspoken paranoides. One was a katatonic, 
and one was dementia praecox querulans. The number of basal years in a group 
of 57 cases of dementia praecox and psychopathic constitution were computed, and 
it was found that 11 or 19.3% had double basals, and 10 or 19.3% had triple basals. 

In this group of 183 cases, we had sixteen cases of psychopathic constitution 
of an outspoken nature. Two of these cases were complicated by drug addiction. 

High Grade Borderland Sociopath 

Mental diagnoses and arrests. 
In this group were 177 cases. 

Average arrests 
in otlier crim- 
Total No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
cases. olog^cal age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 

177 18.62 9.90 12.31 1.55 .36' .30 

Out of this group, 49 boys, or 27.68%, admitted 79 arrests previous to establish- 
ment of Boys Court in other criminal branches of the Municipal Court, or an average 
of 1.62 arrests to a boy; 39, or 22.03%, admitted 50 arrests in the Juvenile Court, 
or an average of 1.28 arrests to a boy. In the group there were 44, or 24.86% 
cases of dementia praecox. They were complicated as follows : 

Eight were alcoholics; one of these also drug addict. 

Twelve were moral defects; one of these was effeminate; one excessive mastur- 
hator.^ 

Four were drug addicts. 

One was a moral pervert. 

One was eflfeminate. 

One had active pulmonary tuberculosis. 

One of these was "the cave man," a boy of 19; he is a high grade borderland 
sociopath, plus dementia praeco.x hebephrenia. He was arrested three different 

'This grows less and less as the Boys Court is longer in operation, until it is four 
years old, when they will be eliminated entirely. In our last report it averaged .56 and 
1.7 respectively. 

-Most dementia prsecox cases are given to masturbation to excess, carried on to 
older years, also other sex aberrations. 

— 55 — 



times ill the liuys Court for commilling rape, and once in the Alorals Court for 

the same charge. Another boy of the group was arrested as a beggar, soliciting 

alms in office buildings, claiming he was totally deaf. The examination in the 

laboratory disclosed tliat lie was a simulator. We have had several simulators of 

this nature in the Boys Court. One boy tried to simulate amyotrophic lateral 

sclerosis, through knowledge he had picked up in his experience in clinics for 

nervous and mental diseases. 

In this group of 177 cases, there were 13 cases of psychopathic constitution. 

In tliis group there was one epileptic, who was also alcoholic. Seventeen had been 

in institutions— six of them had been committed to John Worthy School — one had 

been in Pontiac Reformatory eighteen months — one had been in St. Charles for 

seven months— one boy had been in both the John Worthy School and Parental 

School. 

High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 

Mentality and arrests 

Average arrests 
in other crim- 
No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
cases. ological age. age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 

102 18.52 9.9 12.21 1.6 .37 .33 

Fifty-one, or 50% of these cases, admitted having been in other criminal 
branches of the Municipal Court before the establishment of the Boys Court, with 
an average arrest of 1.3. Forty-six, or 45.09% of this group of 102 cases, admitted 
having been in Juvenile Court, with an average arrest of 1.5. This gives a combined 
average arrest -for the group of 2.3, or a combined average of arrests per case of 4.4. 

In this group we. have 41 cases, or 40.19% of dementia praecox, principallj' 
of the hebephrenic forms; one was katatonic. Five of these cases were complicated 
with alcoholism ; one was a drug habitue ; one was epileptic and effeminate ; one 
was a moral defect ; one was a simulator ; one had hydrocephalus and pulmonary 
tuberculosis ; one out-spoken katatonic case was colored. 

In this group of 102 cases, 8, or 7.84%, had psychopathic constitutions ; one 
had juvenile paresis. 

Thirteen of the group had been in institutional homes; three boys had been 
in the John Worthy School, one also in Pontiac for two years ; another had been 
in the Parental School three times, St. Charles one year, and Pontiac. The last 
two cases were dementia praecox cases. 

Low Grade Sociopath 
Mentality and arrests 

Average arrests 
, - . in other crim- 

No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
cases. ological age. age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 

138 18.82 9.51 12.0 1.65 .25 .45 

Twenty-three, or 16.66%, admitted arrests in other branches of the Criminal 
Court before the establishment of the Boys Court, with an average arrest of 1.1. 

Thirty- four, or 24.63%, admitted arrests in Juvenile Court, with an average 
arrest of 2.02. 

In this group of 138 cases, 67, or 48.55%, were cases of dementia praecox, 
principally hebephrenic form, with a few katatonics; these Avere further complicated 

— 56 — 



in five cases by alcoholism; one was a moral defect; one was effeminate; one had 
juvenile paresis. 

In the group of 138 cases there were 18, or 13.04%, with psycopathic con- 
stitutions, three of which were complicated with alcoholism. 

In the group of 138 cases, one had epilepsj-, petit vial forvi. There were 
six colored boys. 

Twenty admitted having been in custodial institutions, such as Parental School, 
John Worthy School, St. Charles, etc. ; in one case six times, in another five 
times, and seven w'ere in twice that we know of ; one boy, a dementia praecox 
case, was in Pontiac eight years. He was no sooner out than he was re-arrested 
in a strong arm assault, in which he was educating his cousin, also a praecox. 
They were both found guilty and sentenced. One boy, a dementia praecox case, 
has been in the Boys Court four times, and broken probation twice. 

Eighteen boys admitted thirt^^-three commitments to custodial institutions, 
such as Parental School, John Worthy School, St. Charles, etc., distributed as 
follows : 

Two had been in Juvenile Home once. 
One had been in Juvenile Home twnce. 
Two had been in John Worthy once. 
One had been in John Worthy twice. 
One had been in John Worthy three times. 
Two had been in Parental School once. 
Two had been in Parental School and John Worthy twice. 
Two had been in Parental School and St. Charles once. 

One had been in Parental School and St. Charles twice, and John Worthy 
once. 

One had been in St. Charles and Pontiac once. 
One had been in Pontiac once. 
Two had been in homes once. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia, five arrests in Boys Court, six in Juvenile 
Court, was in Parental School twice, four and six months, St. Charles twice, fifteen 
months and three months, and John Worthy School three months. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court, three in Juvenile 
Court; Parental School six montlis, St. Charles, five months. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court, three in Juvenile 
Court ; St. Charles, eighteen month.s ; Pontiac, one year, and $500.00 fine. 

Case, age 24, pfropfhebephrenia, Juvenile Court record, four arrests in Boys 
Court, last for murder. On one of his previous arrests he was quite katatonic, 
committed to the Psychopathic Hospital, from whence he was committed to one of 
the state asylums for insane, from which he was paroled to his mother after a 
few months. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia, four arrests in Boys Court, six in Juvenile 
Court; Parental School tliree times (four months, eight months, three months); 
St. Charles, five months; John Worthy twice (seven months and three months). 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
Court; St. Charles, fifteen montlis; Parental School, three and one-half months. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court, two in Juvenile 
Court; was in John Worthy School. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenin, four arrests in Boys Court, five in Juvenile 
Court; was in John Worthy twice. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
Court; was in Juvenile Home. 

Case, age 23, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court ; one in Juvenile 
Court; eight years in Pontiac; nine months in jail. He was a valedictorian at 
Pontiac, and committed a "strong arm" hold-up shortly after release from Pontiac. 

— 57 — 



Ca.sf. a^c A), psychopalliic and alcoholic; four arrests in Boys Court; one in 
Juvenile Court. 

Casi-. aKc 19, pfropflicbcphrcnia, nine arrests in Boys Court ; one ni other crim- 
nal hranclu-s ; one in Juvenile Court. 

Case. aKC 19, pfropfhehcphrenia ; five arrests in Boys Court, one in Juvenile 
Court; once in Juvenile Home. 

Case, ape 21, pfropflubephrcnia. Juvenile Court record, had been committed to 
St. Charles and John Worthy schools, five arrests in Boys Court, last for murder, 
since been hung. His younger brother, who has exactly the same diagnosis, is now 
arrested for murder. 

Case, age 21, pfroi)fhebephrenia; five arrests in Boys Court. 

Case, age 20, pfropfliebephrenia; five arrests in Boys Court, one in Juvenile 
Court. 

Case, age 16 (misstated age in Boys Court). 

In the above 93 cases, 28 had double basal ages, 4 had triple basal ages, 1 had 

quadruple basal ages. 

High Grade Borderland Morons 

Mental level and ai'rcsts 

Average arrests 
in other crim- 
No. of Avprapc chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 

31 18.68 9.0 11.8 1.35 .22 .93 

In this group, four admitted previous arrests in other criminal branches of 
the Municipal Court before the establishment of the Boys Court, with average 
of 1.75 arrests to a boy. 

In the group of 31 cases, nine admitted having been in Juvenile Court, with 
average of 3.22 arrests to a boy. 

Psychopathy of High Grade Borderland Moron Group 

In this group there were twentj--one cases with diagnoses of dementia praecox ; 

two of these were complicated with alcoholism, and another a confirmed sodomist. 

In this group of 31 cases, there were seven with diagnoses of psychopathic 

constitution ; one of these complicated with alcoholism ; one was effeminate ; one 

was a colored boy. 

In this group of 31 cases, the following data were obtained in regard to com- 
mitments to custodial institutions, such as John Worthy School, St. Charles, 
Parental School, etc. Seven boys are credited with seventeen commitments, an 
average of 2.43 commitments to a case. 

2 boys were in once. 
1 boy was in two times. 
' 1 boy was in three times 
1 boy was in four times. 
1 boy was in five times. 

1 boy was in Criminal Court, aged 16, for hold-up and burglary. He had two 
Juvenile arrests, and four in Boys Court. He is a dementia praecox case. One boy 
was in St. Charles twice, serving three years in all. Another boy was in Glenwood 
for two and a half years. His first arrest was at age of 9. Another boy was in 
St. Charles twenty-nine months. Another boy had four arrests in Juvenile Court, 
served four terms in St. Charles, had two arrests in criminal branches of Municipal 
Court, and one in Boys Court. This was his record to age eighteen. He is a 
dementia pr.Tcox case. 

— .58 — 



High Grade Morons 

(Mental age 10.1—12.0) 

Mental level and arrests. 

ATerago arrests 
in other crim- 
No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total -Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
cases. ological age. mental ago. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 

1,051 18.41 8.71 11.08 1.8 .43 .58 

In this group, 261 or 24.85% of the boys admitted 482 previous arrests in other 
criminal branches of the Municipal Court; an average of 1.85 arrests to a boy. * 

In this group of 1,051 cases, 287, or 27.33% of the boys, admitted 521 arrests 
in the Juvenile Court, or an average of 1.81 to a boy. 

Psychopathy of High Grade Morons 
In this group of 1,051 cases, there were 303 diagnosed as dementia praecox 
(pfropfhebephrenia). Thirty-five of these were complicated by alcoholism; eight 
by drug addiction; four by moral defect; one was a sex pervert; one was effemi- 
nate; one by juvenile paresis; one was a pederast, and had active lues with sj-philitic 
condylomata of anal region. One was an urning (a passive pederast). 

In the group of 1,051 cases, there were forty-two diagnosed as psychopathic 
constitution; twelve were complicated b}' alcoholism; one was effeminate; one had 
juvenile paresis. 

In this group of 1,051 cases, seven liad epilepsy; two had out-spoken tubercu- 
losis ; one had congenital lues. 

In a group of 322 high grade moron cases tabulated, there were fourteen 
colored boys, one full-blooded Indian, one half Indian and half colored. One boy 
had been a snuff addict since age 6. 

In the group of 1,051 cases, the following rather incomplete data were obtained: 
146 boys admitted commitment to custodial institutions, such as Parental School, 
John Worthy School, St. Charles, Pontiac, Feehanville, Lincoln State School for 
Feeble-AIinded, etc., before coming into the Boj's Court. 

In a tabulation of 322 consecutive cases, 77 admitted having been in custodial 
institutions before coming into the Boys Court, with a total of 135 commitments, 
or an average of 1.75 to the case ; they were distributed as follows : 
51 committed one time. 
16 committed two times. 
4 committed three times. 
3 committed four times. 
1 committed five times. 
1 committed eleven times. 
1 committed twelve times. 
The following notes on a few of these cases give a side light on their careers : 

One boy was in the Juvenile Court eight times, and once in the Boys Court. 
Seven of his Juvenije Court arrests were for truancy. He was a high grade moron. 

One boy, age 17, a case of pfropfhebephrenia (17, three basals, total mental age 
11.8), in Boys Court six times, in Juvenile Court ten times; was in Parental School 
three times, and once in John Worthy School. He was in Juvenile Court eight 
times for truancy, and twice for burglary. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia, arrested fourteen times in all, three times in 
Juvenile Court, once in Boys Court, and other arrests in criminal branches of 
Municipal Court. 

— 59 — 



Case age 1*>, pfroi.flicbcphiLiiia ; svas in Lincoln six years; ran away; arrested 
for burRlary; rc-ccmmittcd to Lincoln; ran away again. His father is a high grade 
moron plus chronic alcoholism. His mother is a pfropfhebephrenic, deserted her 
family to live with a colored man, and is also a chronic alcoholic. 

Case age 17, pfropfhebcphrenia; in Parental School one year; St. Charles twice, 
for a total of tlirec years ; and in John Worthy six months ; was in Juvenile Court 
four times. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; in Juvenile Court three times; in Boys Court 
nine times ; was in St. Charles ; within nine months he ran away four times, and 
was returned each time. He has also been in John Worthy and Feehanville. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; twice in Boys Court; four times in Juvenile 
Court; was in St. Charles twice; and in John Worthy twice. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia ; started twenty different fires. 

Case age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; alcoholic; was in State Insane Asylum at 
Dunning one year. 

Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia, in Juvenile Court once; Boys Court once; and 
thirteen times in other criminal branches of Municipal Court. On six of thirteen 
arrests was held to Criminal Court, and discharged on all but one, on which he was 
found guilty and sent to Pontiac, served seventeen months. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; two in other 
criminal branches; one in Juvenile Court; was in Reform School, Plainfield, 
Indi.'ina, two years and four months. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; five arrests in Boys Court; four in Juvenile 
Court ; in St. Charles ten times ; Parental School once. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia ; nine arrests in Boys Court ; one in other crimi- 
nal branches of the Municipal Court, and four in Juvenile Court; was in St. 
Charles. John Worthy, Parental School, and Feehanville. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; four arrests in Boys Court; six in Juvenile 
Court; in St. Charles twice, John Worthy once. 

Case, age 17, high grade moron; psychopathic; two arrests in Boys Court; 
three in Juvenile Court; served fourteen months in St. Charles; twice in John 
Worthy School ; once six months, another time four months. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; seven arrests in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
Court ; was in Parental School and John Worthy School. 

Case, age 21, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; three in other 
criminal branches; was in Pontiac Reformatory twenty-three months. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; two arrests in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
Court; was in Parental School twice. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; once in Boys Court; once in other criminal 
branches; three times in Juvenile Court; was in Parental School twice. 

Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; once in Boys Court; twice in Juvenile Court; 
St. Charles fourteen months; Pontiac Reformatory one year. 

Case, age 18, psychopathic, one arrest in Boys Court, two in Juvenile Court; 
twice in St. Charles, eighteen months each time. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
Court ; Parental^ School four months ; St. Charles eighteen months. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; ten in other criminal 
branches; three in Juvenile Court; arrested for singing and begging on street cars 
each time. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; six in Juvenile 
Court; was in Parental Home one year. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; four arrests in Boys Court; two arrests in 
Juvenile Court; was in St. Mary's two years; St. Charles eighteen months. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; ten arrests in Boys Court; four in other 
criminal branches; six in Juvenile Court. 

Case, age 17. pfropfhebephrenia; two arrests in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
Court ; was in St. Charles once ; Parental School twice. 

Case, age 19, pfropfliebephrenia; two arrests in Bovs Court; three in Juvenile 
Court ; in John Worthy once. 

Case, age 18, pfropfliebephrenia ; five arrests in Bovs Court; three in Juvenile 
Court; was in St. Charles twice. 

— 60 — 



Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia ; two arrests in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
Court; in Parental School twice. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; four arrests in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
Court; was in St. Charles one and one-half years. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; eight in Juvenile 
Court; was in St. Charles fifteen months. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; four in Juvenile 
Court; once in John Worthy School. 

Case, age 18, propfhebephrenia ; one arrest in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
Court ; was in Juvenile Home and Glenwood School. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; two arrests in Boys Court, three in Juvenile 
Court; was in John Worthy School. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; nine arrests in Boys Court; six in other crimi- 
nal branches ; and two Juvenile Court arrests. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; two arrests in Boys Court; six in other crimi- 
nal branches ; and one in Juvenile Court. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile 
Court; St. Charles eight months; Pontiac one year. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; four arrests in Boys Court; four in Juvenile 
Court. 

Case, age 19, psychopathic; two arrests in Boys Court; four in other criminal 
branches ; one in Juvenile Court. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; five in Juvenile 
Court ; was in John Worthy three months ; St. Charles eighteen months. 

Case, age 20, psychopahic plus alcoholism ; nine arrests in Boys Court. 

Case, age 19, propfhebephrenia; seven arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile 
Court; was in Parental School. 

Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; eight arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile 
Court. 

Case, age 17, psychopathic; six arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile Court; 
was in Parental School. 

Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile 
Court. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
Court; St. Charles eighteen months; Parental School nine months. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; colored; five arrests in Boys Court. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia plus alcoholism; seven arrests in Boys Court; 
committed to feeble-minded institution at Lincoln. 

Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia ; five arrests in Boys Court ; two in Juvenile 
Court. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia plus alcoholism; six arrests in Boys Court; 
one in other criminal branches. 

Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court seven times. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court five times. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia ; two arrests in Boys Court ; two in Juvenile 
Court. His brother was also in Boys Court at age of 17; also pfropfhebephrenia; 
was sent to Pontiac Reformatory. 

Case, age 18, tests 11 years mentally, snuff addict since age 6. Four arrests in 
Boys Court; one in Juvenile Court; was in St. Charles. 

Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court eight times. 

Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court six times. 

Case, age 21, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court five times; in Juvenile Court 
once. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court six times; Pontiac one year. 

Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia ; in Boys Court seven times. 

— 61 — 



Middle Grade Morons 

(Mental age 9.1—10.0) 

Mental level and arrests 

Average arrests 
in other crim- 
No of Avrrngcchron- AvcrBge basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
CRBcd. olngical age. nioiitul ago. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 

2.15 18.41 7.8.3 9.69 1.73 0.37 0.45 

In this group 49, or 20.857o, admitted 77 previous arrests in the other criminal 
brandies of the Municipal Court, an average of 1.57 arrests to a boy. 

In this group of 235 cases, 59 or 25.1%, admitted 98 arrests in Juvenile Court, 
or an average of 1.66 arrests to a boy. 

Psychopathy of Middle Grade Morons 

In this group there were 68 cases diagnosed as dementia praecox (pfropfhe- 
bephrenia) ; ten of these were complicated by alcoholism, one by drug addiction; 
one was a simulator; one had out-spoken tuberculosis. 

In the group there was one case diagnosed as psychopathic constitution ; two 
epileptics ; one case of hysteria. 

In this group of 235 cases the following data, necessarily quite incomplete, 
were obtained on commitments to custodial institutions, such as Parental School, 
John Worthy School, St. Charles, Pontiac, Lincoln State School for the Feeble- 
Minded, etc. Thirty-four admitted having been in such institutions. In a tabula- 
tion of 22 cases we found 34 commitments, an average of 1.55 to a case. They 
were distributed as follows : 14 in once, 4 in twice, 4 three times. In addition, 
nine of this latter group were committed to the Feeble-Minded Institution at 
Lincoln, Illinois. 

In the group of thirty-four cases, ten had been in John Worthy School, seven 
had been in St. Charles, two boys were both in St. Charles and John Worthy, 
two in dependent homes, one was in John Worthy, Parental School and Lincoln, 
one was in St. Charles and Lincoln, three were in Parental School, two had been 
in John Worthy School and Lincoln, five had been in Lincoln. 

Low Grade Morons 

(Mental age 7.1—9.0) 

Mental level and arrests 

Average arrests 
in other crim- 
No. of A\ or.ngo chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
case*. Illogical age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 

73 17.95 7.01 8.55 1.76 0.36 0.46 

In tliis group fifteen boys, or 20.54%, admitted 26 arrests in the other criminal 
branches of the Municipal Court, an average of 1.73 arrests to a boy. 

In this group of seventy-three cases, nineteen boys, or 26.037o, admitted thirty- 
one arrests in the Juvenile Court, an average of 1.63 arrests to a boy. 

— 62 — ' 



Psychopathy of Low Grade Morons 

In tliis group there were fourteen cases diagnosed as dementia prsecox (pfropf- 
hebephrena), three were compHcated with alcoholism. 

In this group of seventy-three cases we had two diagnosed as psychopathic 
constitution, one of these was complicated with alcoholism. In a tabulation of 
twenty-one cases there were two colored boys. 

In the group of seventj'-three cases the following data, necessarily quite incom- 
plete, were obtained on commitment to custodial institutions, such as Parental 
School, John Worthy School, St. Charles, Pontiac, Lincoln, etc. Seven admitted 
having been committed to such institutions. 

In a tabulation of twenty-one cases we found four boys had been in once, 
one boy twice, one boy three times. Two of these were in the Parental School, 
one was at St. Mary's as a dependent, one was in Lincoln twice, another was in 
Lincoln twice and also committed to Working Boys' Home for ninety days, another 
also committed to Working Roys' Home. 

Imbeciles 

(Mental age 3.0--7.0) 
Mental level and arrests 



No. of 
cases. 

2 


Chron. age. 

19 


Basal mental 
age. 

5 


Total mental 
age. 

6.4 


Arrests in 
Boy.s Court 

1 




21 


3 


4.8 


1 



The first boy, age 19, was committed by us to the feeble-minded institution 
at Lincoln. The second boy, age 21, had been in Lincoln feeble-minded institution 
four years and was recommitted by us from the Boys Court. 

Imbeciles School Records 

The boy age 21 never attended school and the boy age 19 began school age 9, 
left age 14 and never got out of the first grade. 

Cases Over Boys Court Age: All High Grade Morons 
(Mental age 10.1-12.0) 

Average arrests 
in other crim- 
No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 

12 25.25 8.75 11.44 1.33 1.33 0.41 

Eight cases, or 66.66%, admitted sixteen arrests in other 'branches of the 
Municipal Court, or an average of two arrests per case. 

Three cases admitted five arrests in the Juvenile Court, or an average of 1.66 
arrests per case. 

In this group of twelve cases, fwc admitted seven commitments to custodial 
institutions, such as Parental School, John Worthy School, etc., or an average of 1.4 
commitments to a case. One of these cases liad been arrested fom- times ; first 

— 63 — 



arrest in Boys Court was for rubbery; had been in Pontiac for carrying concealed 
weapons ; had three other arrests, once violating parole and twice for drunkenness ; 
he was a case of dementia praecox. Another dementia praecox, chronic alcoholic 
case was under arrest once in Boys Court for robbery; had f^ve previous arrests 
in other criminal brandies, all for robbery. He was also in Juvenile Court twice 
and served the following sentences— three to the House of Correction, one year, 
six months, three months, respectively. Another dementia praecox case has had 
one arrest in I5oys Court for stealing auto tire— sentenced to House of Correction; 
he had two previous arrests in other courts, once for drunkenness, once in Naval 
Prison in Haiti for one year. 

Another dementia praecox case had three arrests in Boys Court, all for dis- 
orderly conduct, for figiiting; in other courts one arrest for larceny; was sent to 
the House of Correction ; he was twice in the Juvenile Court from which he was 
sent once to St. Charles, the other time to the John Worthy School. 

Psychopathy 

Of the group of twelve cases, nine were diagnosed as cases of dementia 
praecox ; two of these were complicated by alcoholism. 

As an interesting corollary to the above, we give the results of examination 
of four of the wives of cases in the above group, all of whom are high grade 
morons, and two were also cases of dementia praecox and one psychopathic: 

Average arrests 
in other crim- 
Xo. of .\vcrage cliron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 

4 29.0 8.5 11.0 0.75 0.50 0.25 

Of the group three were also under arrest in Boys Court with their husbands, 
with three arrests, or an average of one per case. Two admitted two arrests in 
other criminal branches, or an average of one arrest per case. One was also in 
Juvenile Court, is a dementia praecox and was arrested as an accomplice to her 
husband in a hold-up. Another was a colored woman, psjxhopathic, arrested for 
slashing her husband with a razor. Another woman was arrested for going to 
cabarets with other men, once in Boys Court with a minor, and once in another 
court. 

Cases Under Boys Court Age: All High Grade Morons 

' No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests Average arrests 

cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court in Juv. Ct. 

3 14.33 8.33 10.86 1.0 3.66 

Two of the ^bove were cases of dementia praecox (pfropf hebephrenia). One 
of these boys was in a reformatorj- for one and one-half years for stealing money 
from his father. From age four to twelve he was committed for incorrigibility 
to a juvenile home. Was in Juvenile Court four times; escaped once by boldly 
walking out of a court detention room; later recaptured. The other boy was in 
Juvenile Court six times and once in Boys Court. He has been in St. Charles: 
also sentenced to Pontiac for a year and a fine of $100: has also served a sentence 
in the House of Correction. 

— 64 — 



There was one female under Boys Court age. She was age 9, qualitatively a 
low grade sociopath plus dementia praecox (highly sexed). She had one brother 
in Joliet Prison, one in Pontiac Reformatory, and her sister was in Morals Court. 
They all are low grade sociopaths plus dementia praecox. The brother who was 
in Joliet later suicided and the father is suspected of having suicided. 

Other Cases in Boys Court 

The following is an additional group, comprising fourteen cases with the 
following mental classification : two were high grade borderland sociopaths, one 
age 19, one age 20, both psychopathic and alcoholic ; two low grade sociopaths, one 
age 19, dementia praecox, one 21, dementia praecox and alcoholic ; five were high 
grade morons, four of whom were cases of dementia praecox of which one was 
complicated with alcohol ; one was psychopathic. In the group of fourteen cases 
there were also two cases of dementia praecox, one age 16, one age 20. There 
was a man, age 35, dementia praecox and sex pervert. One man, age 41, was 
epileptic and alcoholic ; one boy, age 17, idiot. 



Synopsis of Psychopathy of 779 Cases in Boys' Court 

Number 

of Cases. Percentage. 

Dementia praecox 509 65.34 

Dementia praecox plus alcoholism 79 10.14 

Dementia praecox plus drug addiction 1 0.14 

Dementia praecox plus moral defect 28 3.59 

Dementia praecox plus moral defect plus excessive masturba- 

bation 1 0.14 

Dementia praecox plus homosexual 2 0.28 

Dementia praecox plus juvenile paresis 3 0.42 

Dementia praecox plus drug addiction 15 1.92 

Dementia praecox plus hysteriform 1 0.14 

Dementia praecox plus sex pervert 3 0.42 

Dementia praecox plus effeminate 3 0.42 

Dementia praecox plus tuberculosis 2 0.28 

Dementia praecox plus epileptic plus effeminate 1 0.14 

Dementia praecox plus simulator 2 0.28 

Dementia praecox plus hydrocephalus plus tuberculosis 1 0.14 

Dementia praecox plus sodomist 1 0.14 

Dementia praecox plus urning (passive pederast) 1 0.14 

Dementia praecox plus pederast plus active lues plus syphilitic 

condylomata of anal region 1 0.14 

Psychopathic constitution 83 10.65 

Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism 19 2.43 

Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism plus drugs 2 0.28 

Psychopathic constitution plus juvenile paresis 2 0.28 

Psychopathic constitution plus efifeminate 2 0.28 

Epilepsy 10 1.41 

Epilepsy plus alcoholism 1 0.14 

Idiot (one bov, age 17) 1 0.14 

Hysteria ". 1 0.14 

Snuff addict (since 6 years old) 1 0.14 

Congenital lues 1 0.14 

Tuberculosis 2 0.28 



— 65 



School Records 



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M 


J 







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,cit? 



OS 






5^ 



bfiC 

<<£ 

o 

dS 









No. cases 

Average chron. 

Age 

Average basal 

mental age . . 
Average total 

mental age . . 
Average age 

began school 
Average age 

left school . . 



Average grade 



166 
18.83 
10.36 
12.58 

6.28 
14.93 

8.33 



158 
18.58 

9.95 
12-.28 

6.19 
14.79 

7.81 



101 


133 


18.4 


18.8 


9.9 


9.5 


12.2 


12.06 


6.1 


6.2 


14.5 


14.7 


7.4 


7.2 



31 
18.68 

9.0 
11.8 

6.22 
14.06 

6.5 



977 
18.42 

8.71 
11.08 

6.56 
14.29 

6.18 



304 

18.37 
7.84 
9.69 
6.96 

13.9 
4.86 



44 

18.23 
7.13 
8.6 

7.57 

13.62 

3.45 



3 
14.33 

8.33 
10.86 

7.66 
13.33 

6.33 



12 
25.25 

8.75 
11.44 

7.25 
14.50 

5.66 



It must always be borne in mind that many boys with good average intelligence 
make a poor school showing because of psychopathy, such as psychopathic consti- 
tution, dementia praecox, etc., a rather severe reflection on our school systems in 
their handling of these cases. 

It will be seen from the foregoing statistics that the mental age and school 
grade correspond very closely; for instance, that the boy with the nine-year-qld 
mentality gets as far as the fourth grade and no farther in spite of the fact that 
he continues in school to age fourteen or fifteen ; the same is true for the case 
with a ten-year-old mentality, the fifth grade is the limit; the same for the case 
with an eleven-year-old mentalitj', the sixth grade is reached and no higher, in spite 
of all efforts of special teachers, special classes, etc., and the number of years the 
case attends. 

The non-understanding of such patent and clear-cut facts and the significance 
of it by many in the pedagogical field who propose to eliminate such defectiveness 
by prolonging the school age to sixteen years is quite incomprehensible, in fact, 
legislation along such lines has already been instituted, which is another lesson 
admonishing us that legislation along these and similar lines should only be based 
on scientific investigation and data. 

We are not criticizing this extension of the school age in the least from the 
additional standpoint that the cases would also lose two years in learning a bread- 
winning occupation, for our experience teaches us only too forcibly that our cases 
on the whole make no better showing here than in school. 



gradut^ed reached third and two reached fourth year high school; none 



— 66 — 



Special classes should only be under supervision of a psychologist who is also 
a psychiatrist and neurologist. Many feeble-minded experts without these latter 
qualifications have thrown together all abnormal cases into one group which they 
in their naivete believed to be all feeble-mindedness, to the prejudice of all involved, 
for such misunderstanding and inappropriate treatments and maladjustments as 
the psychopaths and dementia praecox cases get under these conditions are very 
often responsible for katatonic accesses and even typical hysteriform, epileptoid 
and continued katatonic attacks, the latter often quite prolonged. Since we are. 
beginning to realize that much of the secondary dementia in dementia praecox and 
epilepsy is due to repeated attacks of katatonia in the former and convulsions in 
the latter, we should proceed here with more circumspection. Teachers of special 
classes have consulted us concerning their troublesome cases, sent to them with 
the diagnosis of feeble-mindedness by feeble-minded experts, when, as a matter 
of fact, they were cases with normal mentality, but suffering from psychopathic 
constitution, dementia praecox or juvenile paresis. 

It is imperative that the feeble-minded and psychopathic cases should be handled 
in special classes, just as much so for reformatories as schools, as a matter of fact, 
throughout their whole school career. Those with combined defect should be placed 
in the psychopathic class and the curriculum should only be arranged in consulta- 
tion with a psychopathologist after a thorough examination of the cases and such 
classes should be under the direct supervision of psjxhopathologists. These latter 
should be conscientious enough to prepare themselves properly for the important 
mission they will be entrusted with, bearing so directly on the welfare of the indi- 
vidual as well as society, for it will be here, too, that cases for isolation in colonies» 
will be weeded out. The following should be the minimum requirements for such a 
position : five years in the general practice of medicine with correlated clinical and 
laboratory work, specialization in psychiatry and neurology, with at least six months' 
service in an institution for the feeble-minded and six months in an institution for 
the insane, including as well sufficient psychological preparation and laboratory 
work, with correlated subjects such as educational psychology, etc. For this will 
be the place eventually in which our defectives, our potential criminals, will be 
detected and committed directly to an appropriate custodial institution and thus 
anticipate their delinquent careers to the ultimate advantage of themselves as well 
as society, and at the same time through isolation remove the most prolific source 
of their reproduction. 

The vast majority of our boys and a certain percentage of our girls have been 
chronic truants from school, especially those with the intelligence of morons or 
lower. Truancy is what brings quite a number of them for the first time into the 
Juvenile Court. According to their mentality they begin to play truant when the 
class work grows bej'ond their capacit3\ Since a high percentage of our cases test 
around eleven years mentally, we find as a correlate these begin their truancy in 
the sixth and seventh grade.^jt* 

The psychopath and praecox are also given to running away and truancy, 
though on the whole not so systematically as where there is combined defect. 

The schools harbor about two per cent of outspoken defectives, feeble-minded 
and psychopathic. These two per cent of defectives of the departing class of the 
schools are thrown out upon the streets each year, the majority sooner or late.* 

— 67 — 



to be thrown on their own resources. We all know that such defectives cannoYx 
c. II form to normal standards, cannot sustain themselves, and that they will conflict ) 
with environment, with the law, therefore under present conditions we must^^e/ 
prepared to contend with tliis static influx on the community each ytary^t is 
practically static, whether we view it from the angle of the schools, tKe drafted 
army, criministically, or from any other socio-economic focus. It ofTers no more 
differences in this respect than the birth and death statistics do to actuaries in 
computing their vital statistics and predictions, as the ranks o£ the defective are 
recruited each year by this influx. It shows up in the school, in the Juvenile 
Court, in the Boys, Morals and bastardy courts, and, in fact, in all socio-economic 
behavior. 

Formal tests for general diagnostic purposes in many respects are quite super- 
fluous, as after all, the "world test," the ability to conform in general behavior to 
the relatively broad margins of environment, is the one, in the last analysis, "worth 
in terms of service to the community," that the man in the street will measure 
one's fitness or unfitness by. The "world test" is a test of the socio-economic 
actions and reactions of the individual to his environment, which is subjectively 
psychological and objectively socio-economic. It takes an account of his behavior 
from birth to the grave, as well as before and after, of his heredity through his 
ascendants and descendants, a sort of debit and credit, profit and loss account of 
his worth to the community. This takes account of his infancy, school and 
pconomic preparatory period, and employability and productivity. The vast majority"^ 
of the cases that go later to make up the army of the unemployable, dependents ' 
and delinquents, could be detected and isolated in their early years, practically all 
could be detected not later than the school years and segregated at this time to the ^ 
incalculable advantage of all concerned, and thus anticipate the trials and tribula- \ 
tions of the Juvenile Court, the various specialized courts of the Municipal Court, | 
the Criminal Court, and finally simplify our custodial institutions such as the reform 
schools and reformatories, work houses, alms houses, and such other penal and 
eleemosynary institutions and organizations, thus reducing their number, standard- 
izing the work, and eliminating much of the secondary wastefulness of time, energj' 
and money and disconnectedness inherent in the present system. It would also 
release a considerable number of workers in medicine, the law, ministry, teaching^ 
profession, and social service work. „_ — ' 

If any other machine required as many reparateurs as the social machine does, 
necessitated by its human seconds, it would be quickly changed. 

The following statistics were computed from the records on file in the Boys 
Court and only approximate actualities, the real seriousness of conditions, as there 
is no system of identification nor checking up and the boy's word had to be taken. ' 
Almost invariably, where we have been able to check up, as might be expected, i 
the records were much worse than admitted by the defendant. They cover a period ' 
of thirty-nine months, from the opening of the court on April 1, 1914, to July 1, 
1917. 

Number of arrests in Boys Court 24,524 

Number of defendants 18!696 

Average number of arrests for each defendant in Boys Court 1.31 

Number of arrests in Juvenile Court. " 2,071 

Number of defendants 1,392 ' 

Average number of arrests for each defendant in Juvenile Court 1.49 I, 

Combined average individual arrests, both courts 2.80 t 

Percentage of boys admitting having been in Juvenile Court 7.44 

— 68 — 



Number of commitments to Parental School before becoming of Boys 

Court age 264 

Number of individuals committed 233 

Average commitments per individual to Parental School 1.13 

Number of commitments to John Worthy School 263 

Number of individuals committed 238 

Average commitment per individual 1-12 

Combined average individual arrests, Parental School and John Worthy 

School 2.25 

Number of commitments to St. Charles Reform School 221 

Number of individuals committed 196 

Average commitment per individual 113 

Combined average individual commitments, Parental School, John 

Worthy School and St. Charles Reform School 3.38 

Number of commitments to Pontiac Reformatory 242 

Number of individuals committed 238 

Average commitment per individual 1.02 

Combined average individual arrests, Parental School, John Worthy 

School, St. Charles Reform School and Pontiac Reformatory 4.30 

Average arrests monthly in Boys Court 628.79 

Average defendants monthly in Boys Court 479.38 

(No records are kept here of arrests on our cases beyond the Juve- 
nile Court age and before the opening of the Boys Court.) 

Sentences to House of Correction 1,538 

Number of defendants 1,462 

Average sentence per defendant 1.05 

Approximate cost to the city of those sentenced to House of Correction 

at estimate of twelve hundred dollars per conviction $1,845,600.00 

(This does not include those sent to Pontiac Reformatory, receiving 
jail sentences, held to Criminal Court, placed on probation, fined, 
committed to feeble-minded institutions, insane asylums, etc.) 
Arrests in outside criminal branches of Municipal Court of Chicago 
before Boys Court was opened, based on admissions on boys them- 
selves 2,531 

Number of defendants 1,867 

Average arrests for each defendant 1.36 

Combined individual arrests or commitments. Parental School, John 

Worthy School, St. Charles Reform School, Pontiac, Outside Courts 5.66 
Number of commitments to other institutions not included in any of 
foregoing, such as Reform Schools, Glenwood, Feehanville, Lin- 
coln, St. INlary's, Insane Hospitals, Cook County School, etc 125 

Number of individuals committed 118 

Average commitment per individual 1.06 

Combined individual arrests or commitments, Parental School, John 
Worthy School, St. Charles Reform School, Pontiac Reformatory, 

Outside Courts, Miscellaneous 6.72 

As a matter of interest we append herewith the summary of a random selection 
of 117 cases from the Boys Court that were either sentenced to Pontiac Reformatory 
directly from the court or held to the Grand Jury and then sentenced from the 
Criminal Court. 

Some of these cases had been examined when under arrest on a previous occa- 
sion, some at the time of the arrest, which occasioned their being sent to Pontiac, 
others after they had served time in Pontiac, been released and rearrested. 

Records of arrest on Pontiac cases are more or less incomplete because many 
reach their twenty-first birthday and are therefore beyond the jurisdiction of the 
Boys Court and because many Pontiac boys who break their parole are sent 
directly back to Pontiac without going through the court and having a trial on 
their new charges. 

— 69 — 



Records of Arrests 



Ca»e Age 



Date in 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



A. L. 



W. K. 



18 



J. A. 



B. A. 



B.N. 



20 



17 



J.I. 



17 



ll-9-'l5 



2-8- '15 



l2-2-'I4 



II-20-'l7 

In. Lab. 

from M. C. 



6-30-' 14 



IO-7-'I4 



[igli grade moron plus 
dementia orsecox . . 



of 



Ct. 



re- 
of 



High grade sociopath: 



High grade moron 
plus alcoholic' 
abuse 



High grade border- 
land moron, demen- 
tia prsecox hebe- ' 
phrenia 



Fair average intelli- 
gence plus psycho- 
pathic 



High grade moron. 



9-28-'14 2012 (disorderly), disch. 
10-7-'14 Larceny, 10 days House 

Cor., $1 and costs. 
6-3-'15 2012, disch. 
6-24-'15 Larceny, held to Crim. 

bond $1500, 6 mo. County Jail. 
ll-24-'16 Stole stolen auto and 

turned it to owner for reward 

$100; held to Crim. Ct., $1500, 

Pontiac. 
,ll-28-'17 Stole auto. House of Cor. 2 

mo. 

'l0-7-'14 Burglary, held to Crim Ct. 
1-11-'15 2012, disch. 
S-4-'15 Larceny, held to Crim Ct. 

$500, Pontiac. 

jl arrest in Juv. Ct. 

7-9-'14 2012. disch. 

10-9-14 2012, drew a knife on a man, 
fined $15 and costs, House of Cor. 
42 days. 
12-2-'14 Robbery, held to Crim. Ct., 

Pontiac. 
3-7-'17 Larceny, disch. for want of 

prosecution. 
4-3-'17 2012, disch. 
5-21-17 2012, disch. 

11-12-17 Robber}', accused of jack- 
rolling, disch. 
,1 arrest in Juv. Ct. 
'7-21-'15 Larceny, disch. 
9-15-16 Caught at Fox Lake with 

stolen auto; Pontiac. 
1 arrest in Juv. Ct. 

6-30-'14 Burglary, prob. 1 yr., restitu- 
tion $10. 

7-21-'16 Burglary, broke in store and 
opened safe with hammer ; Crim. 
Ct. $3,000, Pontiac. 

f 10-7-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct, Pontiac. 

6-ll-'17 2012, disch. 

10-1-17 Susp. robbery, disch. 

12-3-17 2012. fined $25. 

12-17-'17 2012, $15 and costs, House 
of Cor. 

12-22--17 2012, disch. 

2-13-;i8 Vag., 3 mo. House of Cor. 

Previous arrests 9. 
l^Also Juv. Ct. arrest. 



— 70 — 



R 0. 



10-20-' 15 



Middle grade moron, 



T.N, 



17 



12-2-'14 



T. E. 



19 



3-15-*15 



Pligh grade moron . 
plus dementia prse-"^ 
cox 



High grade moron. 



J.T. 



17 



4-14-'I5 



S. R. 



16 



10-5-'14 



High grade moron. 



1 



High grade moron, 



f4-22-'l4 Larceny, Juv. Ct, disch. 
7-27-14 2012, disch. 
5-22-15 Burglary, broke into tailor 

shop, Crim. Ct., $1,000, found not 

guilty. 

10-19-'15 Burglary, stole auto, 

Crim. Ct., Pontiac. 
10-19-'15 Crimes against nature. 

'l2-2-'14 2012, disch. 
12-14-'14 2012, was drunk. House of 

Cor., $10 and costs. 
3-20-'15 Mother had him arrested, his 

brother also, fined $100, prob. 6 mo. 
4-10-'l§ Burglary (2), disch. 
4-17-'15 Stole brass. House of Cor. 3 

mo., $1 and costs. 

7-21-'15 2012, disch. 

7-31-'15 2012, sitting in vacant flat, 
disch. 

8-18-'15 Stole a Ford, disch. 

3-ll-'16 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $2,000. 

5-23-'17 2012, $25 and costs. House of 

Cor., motion to vacate, disch. 
6-7-'l 7 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $2,000, 

Pontiac. 

Juv. Ct 3 times; 18 mo. in St. 
Charles. 

3-15-'15 Stealing lead pipe, prob. 1 
yr., restitution $10. 

10-21-'16 Robbery and hold-up, ar- 
rested in saloon during shooting in 
hallway; Crim. Ct, $500, Pontiac. 

4-13-'14 Larceny, prob. 6 mo. 

8-3-'14 Larceny, House of Cor. 30 
days. 

9-14-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $2,000. 
j 12-23-'14 Robbery (3), Crim. Ct, 
l^ $1,000 each charge, Pontiac. 

^4-2-'14, Larceny, disch. 

I0-5-'14 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $2,500. 

l-25-'16 Burglary and larceny; bur- 
glary 1 yr. in House of Cor., $200 
and costs; larceny, prob. 1 yr. 

l-2-'17 2157 (disobeying traffic regu- 
lations), $1, paid. 

2-10-'17 Larceny, stole $64 from drug- 
gist Crim. Ct. $1,500, Pontiac. 

Juv. Ct, John Worthy School, St. 
Charles 1 vr. 



— 71 — 



Case 



Age 



E. I. 

W. E. 
J.L. 

V. L. 

A. A. 

J.N. 

B. E. 



J.E. 



LH. 



B.E. 



17 

17 
19 

17 
17 
20 



17 



17 



18 



Date in 
Ub. 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



6-7-' 16 Iligli grade moron 
plus dementia prae- 
cox 



10-27-' 14 High grade moron... 

9-14-' 14 Borderland sociopath 
plus dementia pr^e-- 
co.x hebephrenia... 

12-6-'16 High grade moron 
plus dementia pre- 
cox hebephrenia. . . 



5-2-' 16 High grade moron 
plus dementia pras- 
co.x hebephrenia... 



5-29-' 14 High grade moron. 



ll-8-'16 
ll-20-'14 



5-25-'14 



6-14-'15 



ll-8-'16 



Low giade sociopath 
plus dementia prse^ 
co.x 



High grade moron. 



High grade moron 
plus psychopathic. 



6-29-' 16 2012, prob. 1 yr. 

8-26-' 16 2012, disch. 

1-19-'17 2012, accused of burglary. 
1 4-20-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 
I Pgntiac. 
Ljuv. Ct. 6 times; St. Charles twice. 

10-27-'14 Burglary, sent to Pontiac. 

r8-3-'14 Larceny, violated parole, 

J House of Cor. 30 days. 

i 9-14-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $2,000. 

Ll2-23-'14 Robbery (3), Pontiac. 

r 12-6-16 Robbery (2), held up 2 men 
< with gun, Crim. Ct., $6,000, Pon- 
( tiac. 

r4-25-'16 Larceny (2), climbed poles 
and cut copper wire, prob. 1 yr. 

J 8-5-' 16 Attempt robbery, $25 and 
costs. 
11-1-'16 Burglary, riding in stolen 
cars, Crim. Ct. $1,500, Pontiac. 

2-17-'15, Crim. Ct., Pontiac. 

ll-20-'14 Assault, Crim. Ct, $10,000, 

Pontiac. 
ll-8-'16 Robbery, held up saloon with 

gun, Crim. Ct., $5,000. 
Juv. Ct. 3 times, John Worthy School 

3 times. 

5-25-'14 2012, disch. 

9-18-'15 rec. stolen property; Crim. 

Ct, $1,500, Pontiac. 
l-26-'18 2012, taken out of pool room. 
Juv. Ct once. 
r5-14-'15 2012, disch. 
6-14-'15 2012, $25 and costs, House of 

Cor. 

9-24-'15 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 

Pontiac. 
Juv. Ct. twice, John Worthy School 

twice. 



J 



I 



Low grade sociopath 
plus dementia prx- 
cox 



^11-20-14 Assault, deadly weapon to 

commit murder, Crim. Ct., $10,000, 

Pontiac. 
l-7-'15 Rec. stolen property (2), (1) 

disch., (2) fined $10 and costs, 

paid. 
ll-8-'16 Held up saloon, had gun, 

Crim. Ct., $5,000, Pontiac. 
Juv. pt 3 times, John Worthy School 

3 times. 



— 72 — 



Case 



Age 



Date in 
Lab. 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



H. R. 



17 



6-5-'14 



M.S. 



17 



6-28-' 15 



J.I. 



19 



-20-17 



R. E. 



A. L 



W. E. 



2-5-'17 



Middle grade moron 
plus dementia prse- ^ 
cox hebephrenia. . , 



f6-S-'14 2012, disch. 
7-6-'14 2012, fined $10 and costs. 
10-22-'14 2012, fined $5 and costs. 
10-26-'14 2012, disch. 
ll-5-'14 2012, fined $5 and costs. 
12-5-'14 Out of House of Cor. 1 week, 

2012, fined $100 and costs. 
7-12-'15 Hold-up, told man to hold up 

hands, man refused, case shot him ; 

Crim. Ct., $1,000, Pontiac. 
John Worthy School 2 months. 
'^IS previous arrests. 



Middle grade moron 
plus dementia nrae-^ 
cox 



prse- 



High grade border- 
land sociopath plus- 
psychopathic 



High grade moron 
plus dementia prae-< 
cox 



11-12-*I5 



9-14-14 



High grade moron. 



High grade moron... -i 



^6-28-'15 Larceny by bailee, prob. 1 yr., 
restitution of $1. 
10-17-'16 Robbery, held up man in 
Consumer's Co., Crim. Ct, $1,500, 
Pontiac. 
Juv. Ct. once. 
^2 previous arrests. 

8-31-'16 Larceny, stole auto, prob. 1 
yr. 

l-20-'17 Robbery, accused of hold-up, 
"^ Crim. Ct., $1,500 on each charge, 
I Pontiac. 

(^Juvenile Court once. 

''4-3-'16 Stole 3 Fords, 6 mo. House 
of Cor., motion to vacate. 

l-20-'17 Shooting in city limits, $5 
fine paid. 

2-5-'17 Robbery, in on 3 stick-up jobs 
with gun, Crim. Ct., $2,500, Pon- 

. tiac. 

'll-2-'15 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 
prob. 1 yr. 

4-12-'16 Burglary and larceny, Crim. 
Ct, $1,500, Pontiac 1 yr., plus $100 
and costs. 

12-29-'17 2012, was in car not belong- 
ing to him, boy with him had gun, 
$200 and costs. 

r8-12-'14 66 ch. S. P. O., 2012 in park, 
House of Cor., $25 and costs. Out 
of work 3 mo., mother in epileptic 
hospital at St. Charles. 

9-14-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $2,000. 

12-23-'14 Robbery (3), Crim. Ct, 
$1,000 each charge, Pontiac. 



73 — 



Case 




Arrests 



J. C. 



l-6-'16 



E. E. 



19 



7-7-'l6 



J. L 



F. S. 



17 



5-I4-'15 



I-I3-'15 



W. A. 



20 



6-15-'I4 



F. K. 



7-22- 



n i g h grade moron 
plus dementia prse- 
cox 



High grade moron 
plus dementia prse- 
cox 



High grade moron. 



High grade moron.., 



Middle grade moron. 



High grade moron > 



^S-19-'1S Tried to hold up grocery 

clerk, House of Cor. 3 mo., $1 and 

costs. 
9-16-'15 Broke into grocery store, 

caught in store, Crim. Ct, $1,500, 

Pontiac. 
Previous arrests, 1 for robbery, 2 for 

larceny. 

/^1-16-'14 Larceny, disch. 
3-12-'15 Larceny (2), House of Cor., 

$1 on one charge, other disch. 
9-23-'lS Stealing grain from railway. 

House of Cor. 30 days, $1 and 

costs. 
7-7-'16 Larceny, stole a horse, Crim. 

Ct, $2,000, Pontiac. 
Juv. Ct. 3 times, St. Charles 18 mo., 
1^ 2 mo. and IJ^ yrs. 

r3-31-'17 Held up man 7 p. m. with 
J gun, Crim. Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 
I Placed on prob. 3-6-17 for larceny. 
I Juv. Ct. 4 times. 

ri-13-'15 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1000, 
J Pontiac. 
I Previous arrest larceny, served 15 
t days. 

5-24-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,000. 
6-15-'14 Accused of following man, 

disch. 
8-8-'14 2012, prob. 6 mo. 
ll-24-'14 Larceny, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 

Pontiac. 
Previous arrest for larceny; House 

of Cor. 8 mo. 
Juv. Ct. once; served 3 mo. in John 

Worthy School. 

7-22-'14 Larceny, disch. 

10-17-'14 Burglary, House of Cor., 

$25 and costs. 
3-30-'15 Larceny, stole 2 hams off a 

wagon, disch. 
4-24-'15 Stole tools from railway car, 

returned them, 6 mo. House of 

Cor., $1 and costs. 
5-22-'15 2059, trespassing on R. R., 

fined $25 and costs. House of Cor. 
l-7-'16 Poolroom raid, disposition un- 
known. 
l-25-'16 Burglary, Crim. Ct, Pontiac. 
Two or 3 previous arrests, once in 

Juv. Ct, sent from there to John 

Worthy School. 



— 74 — 



Case 



Age 



Date in 
Lab. 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



J. I. 



2-2I-'l6 



High grade moron ^ 
plus dementia pr^s-"^ 
cox 



P.N. 



19 



6-8-. 16 



High grade moron 
plus psychopathic. "^ 



E. A. 



19 



7-31-'14 



Average Intelligence 
plus dementia pr2e--< 

cox 



E. U. 



17 



12-13-*16 



Hiffh grade border- 
land moron plus^ 
psychopathic 



B.N. 



17 



11-1-'16 



Fair average intelli- 
gence plus psycho- 
pathic 



^l-23-'15 Signed employer's name to 
$3.63 check, 2 charges of forgery 
and 1 false pretense, prob. 1 yr. 

2-4-'16 Conspiracy to rob, picked up 
in poolroom, accused of trying to 
rob minister, disch. 

3-21-'16 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $3,000, 
Pontiac. 

'6-8-' 16 Tried to break into junk deal- 
er's, Crim. Ct, $2,000, prob. 1 yr. 
8-21 -'16 Assault with deadly weapon, 

$100 and costs. 
4-26-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 

Pontiac. 
Juv. Ct. 3 times; St. Charles 15 mo., 
, Parental School twice. 

'7-6-'14 2012, disch. 

7-31-'14 Larceny, disch. 

12-28-'14 Larceny, House of Cor., 6 
mo., $1 and costs. 

4-24-'lS Burglary, disch. 

8-13-'lS Accused of stealing auto, 
disch. 

9-14-'16 Robbery. Crim. Ct., $1,000, 8 
mo. County Jail. 

10-29-'17 Attempt rape and robbery, 
woman complainant 33 yrs. old, 
Crim. Ct. $1,500 each charge, Pon- 
tiac. 
^Juv. Ct. once; John Worthy 3 mo. 

^10-30-'15 Broke into 3 stores, out of 
1 got $17, 2d $5 and 3d $52, disch. 

8-28-'16 Had gun, $100 and costs. 

12-5-'16 On street 3 a. m., disch. 

l-8-'17 Robbery, rec. stolen property, 
on one disch., on other House of 
Cor., 3 mo., $1 and costs. 

S-5-'I7 Burglary, Crim. Ct. $1,000, not 
guilty. 

10-9-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 
Pontiac. 

Juv. Ct. twice ; St. Charles. 1 yr., and 
18 mo., larceny. 

4-25-16 Larceny (3), stole copper 
wire from telephone poles. House 
of Cor. 6 mo., motion to vacate, 
prob. 1 yr. 

11-1-'16 Burglary, broke into auto 
. garage, Crim. Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 



75 — 



Caie 



Age 



Date in 
Lab. 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



CD. 



l2-7-'l5 



J. E. 



J. A. 



20 



17 



10-24-16 



8-10-'16 



F. T. 



20 



4-10-'l7 



G. H. 



F. 0. 



J.E. 



21 



17 



17 



5-27-14 



l2-4-'l4 



lI-20-'15 



(married) 



G. L 



19 



3-9-' 17 



Average intelligence 
plus dementia prae-^ 

cox 



r9-22-'14 2012, disch. 
12-7-'15 Robbery (2), held up 2 men 

with gun, Crim. Ct, $2,000 each 

charge. 
12-13-'15 Burglary (2), broke into 2 

flats, stole clothing and jewelry, 

Crim. Ct, $2,000 each charge, Pon- 

tiac. 
Has since left Pontiac and been killed 

in hold-up. 



High grade moron 
plus dementia prae- 
cox 

Average intelligence 
plus dementia prae-- 
cox plus alcoholic. . 



I 11-1-' 
I Cri 



16 Crimes against children, 
im. Ct, $1,500, Pontiac. 



High grade moron. 



High grade moron 
plus dementia prae-- 
cox 



High grade moron. 



Middle grade moron. 



High grade moron 
plus dementia prse-^; 
cox 



'8-15-'16 Burglary, assault to kill, 
broke into house at night was 
caught, Crim. Ct, $400, Pontiac. 

^Previous arrest in Knoxville, Tenn. 

'8-19-'14 Burglary (2) Crim. Ct, 

$1,000 each charge, 1 yr. prob. 
12-1-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 
l-27-'lS Poolroom raid, disch. 
2-16-'15 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000, 

Pontiac. 
4-10-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 

House of Cor. 9 mo. 
^In Parental School. 

'2-14-17 Robbery, held up 3 Marshall 
Field drivers with gun, got $57, 
Crim. Ct, $1,000 each charge, Pon- 
tiac. 

'10-29-14 2012, prob. 6 mo. 

12-4-'14 2012, disch. 

4-26-'15 Stole auto, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 
. Pontiac. 

'6-26-'16 Robbery, Crim. Ct, $1,500. 
7-14-'16 Robbery, hold-up with gun, 

Pontiac. 
.Juv. Ct. twice. 

'l-4-'17 2012, prob. 6 mo. 
l-30-'17 2012, on street 2 a. m., disch. 
3-9-' 17 Robbery, 10 or 11 stick-up 
jobs. 9 charges held to Crim. Ct. 
on $3,000 each, others disch. for 
want of prosecution, Pontiac. 
2 previous arrests Ft Wayne. 
Served 2 yrs. 7 mo. in reformatory, 
^ Plainfield, Ind. 



76 



Age 



Date in 
Lab. 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



20 



19 



19 



17 



T. K. 



17 



9-8-' 16 



l-26-'I6 



I-5-*15 



Middle grade moron 
plus acute syphilis : 
and cerebral lesion. 



8-9-'15 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 

9-8-'16 2012, fight, disch. 

3-30-'17 Burglary, stole brass from 

boat house, Crim. Ct, $1,500, Pon- 

tiac. 



High grade moron 
plus dementia pre- 
cox 

High grade moron. . . 



!' 



-26-' 16 Robbery, held up 2 men with 
gun, Crim. $6,000, Pontiac. 



7-22-*14 



1-14-'15 



12-3-'I4 



6-8-' 14 



2-10-'lS Burglary (3), disch. on one. 
on other 2 held to Crim. Ct. $1,000 
each. Pontiac. 

7-22-'14 Larceny, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 
paroled. 

7-18-'14 2012, hanging round pool- 
room, disch. 
High grade moron... "^ 4-l5-'l5 Larceny, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 
Pontiac. 

7-25-'17 Larceny, turned over to pa- 
role agent from Pontiac. 

(^9-29-'14 Larceny, House of Cor. 20 
days. 
1-14-'1S Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000, 
<^ Pontiac. 
I 5-24-'17 2012, disch. 
2 previous arrests; has been in Juv. 



High grade moron... 



Middle grade moron. 



Ct. 

12-3-'14 Burglary (5), Crim. 
$1,000 each, Pontiac. 



Ct.. 



9-8-'16 



High grade border- 
land moron. . . , 



High grade moron ^ 
plus ps3^chopathic. 



f 6-8-'14 2012, discharged. 
4-23-'l5 2012, disch. 
4-26-'15 Broke into restaurant, Crim. 
Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 
^ Previous arrest, served 6 mo. in 
House of Cor. 
Has been in St. Charles, John 
V, Worthy School and Feehanville. 

^4-3-'16 2012, disch. 
9-l-'16 Burglary, disch. 
9-27-'16 2012 Sleeping in basement, 

disch. 
12-15-'16 Burglary, broke into house. 

got clothes, watch and ring, Crim. 

Ct. $1,000, Pontiac. 
Juv. Ct. 3 times. 
St. Charles 14 mo., John Worthy 

School twice, 6 mo. and 4 mo. 



— 77 — 



Ca*e 



Age 




Diagnosis 



Arrests 



S. T. 



19 



I2-II-'I6 



T. W. 



19 



6-8-'I6 



E. 0. 



20 



I2-9-'I6 



J.I. 



18 



5-24-' 17 



Migli grade moron. 



High grade moron 
plus psychopathic. 



Low grade sociopath 
plus dementia prae-^ 
cox 



High grade sociopath, 
plus psychopathic. 



12-24-'15 2012 Sleeping in hallway, 

disch. 
3-20-'15 2012, disch. 
7-29-'15 Burglary, stole bicycle from 

3 boys who had previously stolen 

it, disch. 
8-30-'15 Burglary (3), Crim. Ct, 

$1,500 each charge. 
l-3-'16 2012 Watchman caught him in 
•X alley 2:30 a. m., fined $200 and 

costs. 
8-4-'16 2012, disch. 
8-10-'16 Burglary, broke into house 

and got caught, $25 and costs. 
12-11-'16 Burglary, assault to kill, 

Crim. Ct, $1,000 each charge, Pon- 

tiac. 
Juv. Ct. twice; has been in John 

Worthy School. 



S-ll-'lS 2012 Sleeping in barn, $25 

and costs, paroled 6 mo. 
1-10-'16 2012, disch. 
3-14-'16 2012 In alley 1 a. m., $10 and 

costs. 
6-8-'16 Attempt burglary, Crim. Ct, 

$5,000, prob. 1 yr. 
1-19-'17 Larceny, 30 days House of 

Cor., $1 and costs. 
4-26-' 17 Burglary, broke into Edee- 

brook Station, Crim. Ct, $1,500, 

Pontiac. 
Juv. Ct once. 
^Has been in Glenwood as dependent. 

^7-20-'14 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 
12-14-'14 2012, $10 and costs. House 
of Cor. 

10-20-'15 2012 on railroad property, 
disch. 

12-31-'15 Trespassing on railroad, 
trying to beat way out of town, 
prob. 1 yr. 

12-9-'16 Robbery, robbed a junk man, 
took him into barn to hold him up, 
Crim. Ct, $1,000, Pontiac. 

5-24-'17 False pretense, got suit of 
clothes, 3 silk shirts, ties, shoes 
and hat on account, prob. 1 j'r. 
"I 7-12-'17 Con game, forged and tried 
I to pass check of $100, Crim. Ct. 
i2,S00 each charge, Pontiac. 



L$^ 



— 78 — 



Gise 



Age 



J.u. I 



P. K. 



17 



19 



F. K. 



20 



T. C. 



19 



J.C. 



17 



Date in 
Ub. 



10-29-* 15 



1I-1-'I6 



(brother 



W. T. 



18 



(colored) 



F.E. 18 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



High grade moron. . 



5-28-'14 
1-13-'16 



9-14-'17 



l-20-'15 
to T. C.) 



'2-26- U 2012, disch. 
S-2-'14 Larceny, stealing lumber, 
House of Cor. 5 days, $1 and costs. 
7-9-'15 2012, disch. 
10-29-'15 Larceny, Crim. Ct., $500. 
9-28-'16 2012, fined $1. 
ll-8-'16 Robbery and stick-up, Crim. 

Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 
Juv. Ct. once, stole a football, prob. 

f 4-18-'16 2012, disch. 
High grade moron J jQ_3j.,jg Robbery, Crim. Ct. 2 
plus dementia prs-<( charges, $2,000 each charge, Pon- 
tiac. 



r4-24-'14 2012, disch. 

5-28-'14 2012, disch. 

2-17-'15 Larceny, House of Cor. 30 
days, $1 and costs. 

4-24-'15 2031, vagrancy, disch. 

8-10-'15 Vagrancy, disch. 

1-13-'16 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $2,000, 
'^ Pontiac. 

12-2-'16 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 

10-14-'17 Burglary, larceny and con 
game, disch. on con game and bur- 
glary, on larceny charge House of 
Cor. 



Middle grade moron. ^ 



High grade moron. 



U 



uv. Ct. once. 



High grade moron. 



4-19-'l5 



5-24-15' 



■l-20-'15 2012, disch. 

l-26-'15 Larceny (2), one disch., 
other House of Cor. 30 days, mo- 
tion to vacate, prob. 6 mo. 

3-ll-'15 2012 In vacant lot 2 p. m., 
disch. 

4-23-'15 Larceny, House of Cor. 30 
days, $1(X) and costs. 

5-3-'16 Burglary, Crim. Ct.. $3,000, 
Pontiac. 

Juv. Ct. 3 times. 

Parental School Syl mo., John 
Worthy School 4 mo. and 3 mo. 



.A.verage intelligence 
plus dementia prse- 
cox 



i; 



4-29-'15 Rape, Crim. Ct., $1,000, Pon- 
tiac. 
previous arrest, disch. 



„. , , I 5-24-'15 Cr 

High grade moron... <^ q^-^^ q 



$2,000, Pontiac. 



79 



Case 



Age 



Date in 
Lab. 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



P. C. 



E.O. 



W. F. 



A. T. 

H. D. 
G.T. 



J. M. 



18 



II-I2-'I4 



19 



I0-13-'I4 



I2-4-'I7 



17 



19 



19 



(colored) 



F.K. 



19 



1 ligli grade moron. 



Low gradf moron. 



High grade border- 
land moron plus de- = 
mcntia prsecox 



10-17-'14 2012, disch. 
ll-27-'14 2012, $10and costs. 
, J 12-7-'14 Robbery and larceny, House 
of Cor. 6 mo. 
7-31-'l5 Robbery (8) and 1 larceny, 
v_ Crim. Ct., Pontiac. 

^10-13-'14 Larceny, disch. 
2-19-'l5 Larceny, prob. 6 mo. 
5-20-'15 2012, $25 and costs. 
-=^ 7-30-'15 Larceny, House of Cor. 10 
days. 
9-9-'15 Burglary, stole 5 bicycles, 
~ Crim. Ct, Pontiac. 

'10-20-'14 Larceny and burglary, Crim. 

Ct, $1,000, Pontiac. 
12-4-'17 Accused of robbery, Crim. 

Ct, $1,000. 
Twice in Juv. Ct 2012. 



6-14-'14 



6-9-' 
9-17- 



14 



•14 



High grade moron... -< 



3-20-' 15 



2-4-' 16 



6-lS-'14 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 

8-ll-'14 2012, disch. 

8-9-'15 Burglary (2) Crim. Ct., $1,000 

each, Pontiac. 
2 previous arrests for burglary, on 

one disch., other $100 and costs. 

,r. , , i l-3-'l5 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $3,000, 

High grade moron. . . \ jdiet from 1 to 14 yrs. 

r3-24-'14 2012, disch. 
High grade border- J 9-17-'14 2012, disch. 

land moron "S 2-16-'15 Held up 5 men with toy gun, 

L Crim. Ct, Pontiac. 

^3-18-'15 Burglary, broke into butcher 
shop, disch. 
ll-25-'15 Larceny, disch. 
3-9-'16 Larceny, Crim. Ct., House of 

Cor. 6 mo. 
7-7-'16 2012 and larcenv, Crim. Ct., 
- $1,000, Pontiac. 

'3-19-'14 2012, dich. 
12-14-'14 2012, disch. 
12-17-'14 Larceny, House of Cor. $1 

and costs. 
6-7-'15 2012, disch. 
ll-6-'lS Stole pocketbook. House of 

Cor. 2 mo., $1 and costs. 
2-4-'16 Assault attempt to kill, Crim. 

Ct, Pontiac. 



High grade moron... <; 



High grade moron 
plus demei tia prae--< 

CO.K 



— 80 — 



Case 



Age 



Date in 
Lab. 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



I. R. 



H. U. 



A.E. 



R. B. 



19 



19 



17 



J. B 



15 



5-27-'14 



High grade moron. 



2-19-'15 



2-9-' 15 



i2-7-'15 



1-4-'!^ 
10-30-'17 
(baby bandit) 
(brother to R. B.) 



f 5-27-'14 2012, disch. 
8-14-'14 2012, House of Cor., $50 and 

costs. 
8-22-'14 2012, $25 and costs. 
ll-28-'14 Robbery, disch. 
l-2-'15 Robbery, disch. 
l-9-'15 2012, disch. 
4-5-'15 Attempt burglary, Crim. Ct., 

$1,000. 
4-23-'15 2012, disch. 
5-13-'l5 Robbery, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 
1-10-16 Burglary, rec. stolen proper- 
ty, House of Cor. 6 mo., $100 and 

costs. 
3-l-'16 Accused attempt burglary, 

Crim. Ct, $3,000. 
2-17-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 

jumped bond, caught 3-29-'17, Pon- 

tiac. 
Juv. Ct. 

2-26-'15 Robbery, five charges, Crim. 
Low grade sociopath J Ct, Pontiac. Held up four men 
plus dementia prs-A with a gun. 



cox hebephrenia, 

Average intelligence 
plus psychopathic. 



High grade moron.. 



High grade border- 
land sociopath plus-< 
dementia pra;cox. 



Was hanged 2-15-'18, age 22, for kill- 
ing policeman. 

2-9-'lS Burglary, broke into jewelry 
store, Crim. Ct, $1,000, Pontiac. 

'12-7-'15 Joy-riding in stolen car, 

prob. 1 yr. 
12-27-'15 Robbery (2), Crim. Ct, 

$2,000 each. Pontiac. 

12-30-'15 Robbery (2) and Larceny 
(2), prob. 1 yr. 

5-24-'16 Larceny, accused of trying 
to ride in auto without owner's 
consent, House of Cor. for violat- 
ing his probation. 

6-6-'16 Larceny and violating prob., 
7 mo. 23 days House of Cor., $1(X) 
and costs. 

10-30-' 17 Larceny, disch. 

12-20-'17 Larceny, robbery, burglary, 
Crim. Ct. on 4 charges, $4,000, Pon- 
tiac. 

Juv. Ct. 3 times. 

St. Charles School 7 mo. 

Charged with having stolen 60 or 
more automobiles in 1915. 



— 81 — 



Case 



Age 




Arrests 



K. T. 



F. U. 



20 



4-IO-'l7 



liKli j^r;ulc moron. 



l2-22-'I5 



(red pepper bandit) 



J.T. 



J. E. 



F.JE. 



L M. 



19 



10-28-'l4 



6-28-15 



9-l-'14 



3-22 -'17 



Average intelligence 
plus dementia pras-^ 



n i,t>h grade moron . . . "> 



"8-19-'14 Burglary (2), Crim. Ct, 

$1,000 each, prob. 1 yr. 
12-1-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 
l-27-'15 Poolroom raid, disch. 
2-16-'lS Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000, 

Pontiac. 
4-10-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 
Previous arrest 2012, served House 

of Cor. 43 days. 
^Several Juv. Ct arrests. 

'12-22-'15 (1) Assault with intent to 
rob. (2) Robbery 9 charges and 2 
charges. 

JTeld to Crim. Ct. on 4 charges, $1,000 
each ; 2 disch. for want of prosecu- 
tion, Pontiac. 

Previous arrest Paris, III., vagrancy, 
served 20 days. 

'^5-3-'15 Broke into restaurant, caught, 
Crim. Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 

6-6-' 17 2012 $5 and costs. 

2 previous arrests. House of Cor., $50 
and costs for each. 



Low grade sociopath 
plus dementia pr3e-=\ 
cox 



II i g Ii grade morons 



r7-l-'15 2012, disch. 

7-14-'15 Robbery, liold-up, Crim. Ct., 
$2,000. 

10-26-'16 (1) Attempt robbery, (2) 
Robbery, 2 charges, held up man 
with gun, Crim. Ct., $7,500, Pon- 
tiac. 

Juv. Ct. once, has been in St. Charles. 

'5-23-' 15 Larceny, House of Cor. 30 

days, $10 and costs. 
8-24-'14 2012, House of Cor., $50 and 

costs. 
3-ll-'16 Held up man with gun, Crim. 

Ct. $3,000, Pontiac. 
3 previous arrests, 2 for 2012. on one 

disch., other fined $50 and costs ; 

another arrest, selling stolen goods. 



High grade moron 
plus dementia pr32-<^ 
cox hebephrenia.. 



''3-22-' 17 Larceny, Pontiac 11 months. 

Out of Pontiac two months, stole two 
wagon loads of fruit Held to 
Criminal Ct. 

Juvenile Ct. twice. Parental School 
6 mos. Lincoln F. M. Institution, 
ran away three times, was sent 
liack once from Boys Court 



— 82 




J. A. 



17 



7-3I-I6 



A. K. 



17 



1-16-'17 



M. E. 



20 



3-16-18 



f. R. 



19 



l-29-'18 



E. G. 



18 



3-19-15 



High grade moron 
plus alcoholic plus>^ 
psychopathic 



M i g h grade moron 
plus dementia prae- , 
cox "^ 



High grade moron 
plus dementia prse-^ 
cox ^ 



II igli grade moron ^ 



High grade border- 
land moron plus 
dementia praecox . . 



Arrests 



f 4-13-'14 2012, disch. 
7-21-'14 2012, disch. 
7-27-'14 2012, disch. 
l-2-'15 2012, disch. 
8-2-'15 2012, disch. 

8-9-'15, Fighting in restaurant, disch. 
12-14-'15 Burglary, drinking, Crim. 

Ct., $2,500, Pontiac. 
3 previous arrests 2012, fined on 2, 

disch. on 1. 
>^Juv. Ct. once. 

^ll-20-'16 Had loaded gun, said he 

was holding it for another boy, 

prob. 6 mo. 
1-16-'17 Larcenj', stole brass from 

railroad, sold it for $3. Bond for 

capias ordered. 
6-11-17 Burglary, broke into drug 

store, Crim. Ct, $1,500, Pontiac. 
Juv. Ct. twice. 

^1-19-'15 Larceny 2 charges. Stealing 
brass. House of Cor. 5 mo. 
6-12-'15 2012 disch. 
6-12-'16 Burglar\-, Pontiac 1 yr. 
3-15-'18 Broke into junk store, got 
200 lbs. of brass. Pontiac 1 yr., 
$100 and costs. 
vJuv. Ct. (2), John Worthy 3 mo. 

.ll-22-'17 2012, with boy who had 
gun, did not know it ; $25 and costs, 
House of Cor., motion to vacate ; 
disch. 

1-26-18 Malicious mischief, 2012: 
disch. 

2-19-'18 Burglary (3). Broke into 2 
drugstores; Crim. Ct., $2,500 each, 
Pontiac. 

Juvenile Ct. twice; St. Charles and 
V. Parental School. 

2-5-'15 2059, disch. 

3-19-'15 Burglary, disch. 2012. $25 

and costs. 
7-2-'15 2012 On R. R. property, had 

fight with officer, disch. 
7-9-'15 2012 On street 12:30 a. nr. 

disch. 
l-29-'16 Burglary. Conspiracy tc 

rob, disch. 
12-15-'17 Robbery (5) on street 11 

p. m. 
Larceny (1), Crim. Ct., $2,500 each. 

Pontiac. 



— 83 



Case 



Date in 
Ub. 



Diagnosis 



Arrests 



J.E 



17 



I-I4-'I8 



H. A. 



17 



6-2-"l5 



I,o\v grade sociopath 
plus dementia kata-' 
tonia 



II igh grade 
cocainist . . 



moron, 



M. E 



19 



4-17-'17 



G. L 

(coIo 



19 
red) 



5-27-'16 



High grade border-; 
land moron plus 
predementia p r ae- 

cox 



Low grade sociopath 
plus psychopathic. ^ 



I 1-14-18 Burglary, broke into cafe 
j coach ; says he wanted something 
. to eat; accused stealing silver, 

Crim. Ct., $800, Pontiac. 
i^Juv. Ct. twice, prob. ; larceny, auto. 

^6-2-'l5 Larceny, stole bicycle, prob. 6 

mo. 
12-23-'15 2807 (had a gun), $100 and 

costs. 
l-8-'18 Burglary, broke into house in 

daytime, got jewelry, 4 watches, 

Crim. Ct., $2,000, Pontiac. 

4-17-'17 2012, disch. 

6-ll-'17 2012 Walked around Chicago 
all night, picked up 6 a. m., disch. 

8-16-'17 2012 $15 and costs. House of 
Cor. Larceny, disch. In an alley. 

10-8-'17 2012, accused of robbery, 
disch. 

ll-2-'17 Burglary, stole 8 mfg. covers, 
disch. 

ll-30-'17 Burglary, broke into furni- 
ture store, got rugs, tried to sell 
them. Crim. Ct, $1,000, Pontiac. 
\^]uv. Ct. once, St. Charles 17 mo. 

10-2-'l5 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $1,000. 

5-23-'16 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $3,000, 
disch. 

7-24-'16 Robbery, Pontiac 1 yr., $1,000 
and costs. 

11-19-'17 Robbery, accused of hold- 
up, Crim. Ct, $1,000, Joliet. 
V Morals Court once, $1 and costs. 



— 84 — 



Boys sentenced directly to Pontiac from Municipal Court 



Case 



Age 



Date in 
Ub. 



Diagnosis 



ArresU 



J. A. 



19 



6-3-' 15 



E. 0. 



4-28-' 15 



D. C. 



J.E. 



17 



7-l8-'l6 



17 



9-l-'l5 



C. S. 



17 



5-28-' 17 



Average intelligence-^ 

plus psychopathic..^ 



High grade border 
land moron plus< 
dementia pr^ecox.. 



'6-3-'15 (1) Larceny, (2) Forgery, 
(3) Larceny. Father had him ar- 
rested; stole $105 from father, left 
home; disch. for want of prosecu- 
tion. 
5-16-'t6 (1) Larceny, (2) Embezzle- 
ment; stole $16 from Thompson's. 
(1) Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs; 

- (2) disch. 

'4-28-'14 Burglary, disch. 

4-28-'l5 Mother had him arrested 

staying out late nights, disch. 
7-7-'15 2012, prob. 6 mo. 
10-19-'15 2012, disch. 
10-22-'15 2012, disch. 
11-1-'15 Walking on street 11 p. m., 

disch. 

11-12-'15 2012 On street late, disch. 
2-28-'16 2012 Drunk, $25, paid. 
5-25-'16 Larceny, riding in stolen car; 

Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 
2-ll-'18 Receiving stolen property, 

jury trial. 
Juv. Ct., St. Charles 7 mo., staying 

away from home. 



High grade moron 
plus dementia prse- 
cox 



Average intelligence 
plus pre-dementia- 
praecox 



M8-'16 Robbery 
gun ; Pontiac 1 
.IV. Ct. once, St. 



and larceny, had 
yr., $100 and costs. 
Charles 18 mo. 



'9-l-'15 Took lead out of basement; 

House of Cor. 6 mo. 
l-8-'17 Obtaining money under false 
pretenses ; got meat on some one 
else's name, Pontiac 1 yr., $300 and 
costs, 
vjuv. Ct. once, St. Charles 15 mo. 



High grade moron. 



I' 



-28-17 Larceny, worked around 
movie theater, took $50 out of cash 
box, went to Scranton, Iowa, 
caught there; Pontiac 1 yr., $1 and 
costs. 



— 85 — 



Case 




Diagnosis 



Arrests 



N. 0. 



S. E. 



T. C. 



16 



G. I. 



17 



4-11-17 



2-23-'16 



7-l8-*16 



6-17-'14 



Middle grade moron 
plus predementia<: 
prrecox 



High grade moron... < 



M i g h grade moron 
plus predementia: 
prKCOx 



Luw grade sociopath 
plus dementia prae-<^ 
cox 



6-29-'16 2012, disch. 

4-ll-'17 Larceny, "found" pocket- 
book ; sent to Lincoln, ran away 
several times. 

6-4-'17 Burglary, lead pipe, Crim. Ct., 
$1,000. 

6-27-'17 Larceny, "found a bike," $50 
and costs. 

8-24-'17 Burglary, receiving stolen 
shoes, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 

12-7-'17 Larceny, Pontiac 1 yr., $50 
and costs. 2012, 2029, disch. 

Juv. Ct. 3 times ; Parental School 1 
yr., St. Charles 26 mo., ran away. 

2-23-'16 Received stolen property, 
forgot to return pair of shoes sto- 
len by younger brother. House of 
Cor. 60 days, $25 and costs. 

7-10-'16 Burglary, broke into garage, 
got 7 tires and 2 bathing suits, 
Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 

Juv. Ct. twice, John Worthy School 
3 months. 

'l0-30-'15 Burglary (2). Broke into 
saloon, got $52, disch. Broke into 
2 butcher shops, got $17 and $5, 
disch. 
7-18-'16 Robbery and larceny, had 
gun, Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 
Juv. Ct. 6 times ; St. Charles 1 mo., 
ran away ; House of Cor. 4 mo. 

^6-17-'14 Larceny, bicycle, prob. 1 yr. 

7-3-'14 Larceny, 2 pipes from Fair, 
House of Cor. 10 days. 

9-8-'14 2012, disch. 

12-22-'14 Larceny (2), disch. 

6-8-'15 978, disch. 

1-10-'16 2012, disch. 

Larceny, Crim. Ct., $2,000, dismissed. 

4-1-16 Assault deadly weapon, Pon- 
tiac 1 yr., $500 and costs. 

Larceny, disch. 

6-ll-'17 2012, disch. 

6-18-'17 2012, $200 and costs. House 
of Cor. 

l-25-'18 2012, trans, jury branch. 
LJiiv. Ct. 



— 86 



Cas 



J. L. 



Age 



Date i 
Lab. 



Diagnosis 



M. N. 



17 



W. 0. 



W. L 



W. E. 



19 



10-29-' 15 Average intelligence 
plus dementia prae- 
cox moral defect. . . 



4-7-'16 



II-29-'l5 



2-25-'l5 



6-18-'14 



Arrests 



ri0-29-'15 Obtaining money under 
false pretenses (2). Took watch, 
House of Cor. 2 mo. 
4-10-'16 False pretenses, Pontiac 1 

yn, $500 and costs. 
Previous arrest 1, 2012, House of 
, Cor. 30 days. 



High grade moron 



High grade moron < 



r 7-24-'14 2012, disch. 
.. } 11-12-'14 2012, disch. 

( 4-10-'16 Larceny, Pontiac 1 yr., $100. 



ll-29-'15 Larceny, took toys from 10- 
cent store and $5.75 from 10-cent 
store belonging to scrub woman ; 
prob. 1 yr. 

12-8-'15 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 

4-18-'16 Burglary (2). Broke into 
barn where candy was stored, Pon- 
tiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 

Juv. Ct. twice, St. Charles. 



.Middle grade moron 
plus dementia prae-: 
cox 



High grade moron... <; 



4-22-'14 Larceny, disch. 

2-25-'15 Burglary, disch. Mai. mis- 
chief. House of Cor. 90 days. 

7-l-'15 Larceny, accused of stealing 
harness, disch. 

4-22-'16 Larceny, Pontiac 1 yr., $100 
and costs. 

12-21-'16 2012, going home 11:30, 
House of Cor. 

7-21-'17 Burglary, accused of break- 
ing into saloon, Crim. Ct., $2,500, 
prob. 

Previous arrest larceny, disch. 

Juv. Ct, stealing lead pipe, John 
Worthy School IJ^ mo. 



5-8-'14 Burglary, breaking into gar- 
age, Grand Jury $1,000, House of 
Cor. 1 yr. 

2-7-'16 Burglary, disch. 

4-24-'16 Stole auto, went joy riding, 
sent to Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and 
costs. 

Previous arrest 9-29-'13 burglary, 
auto, House of Cor. 6 mo. 



— 87- 




Diagnosis 



J.R. 



17 



6-17-'l6 



Low grade sociopath 



A. 0. 



12-1-'I4 



P.I. 



D. 0. 



17 



17 



5-3-'l6 



2-28-' 18 



Arrests 



1-13-'16 Burglary, trying to break 

into show case on street, shot in 

leg by officer, prob. 1 yr. 
6-1 7-' 16 Mai. mischief, Pontiac 1 yr., 

$500 and costs. 
8-23-'17 Picked up in alley at 2 a. m., 

$25 and costs. 
Juv. Ct. 3 times, St. Charles 18 mo. 

Sent to Lincoln by Juv. Ct., ran 

away. 



High grade moron. 



High grade moron. 



I 



L 



High grade moron 
plus dementia pras 
cox hebephrenia. 



M.W. 



17 



I-I3-'I5 



^!; 



12-1-'14 2012, $200 and costs, prob. 6 

mo. 
2- 16-' 15 2012, $100 and costs. 
7-31-'15 2012, violating prob., com. to 

probation officer. 
ll-8-'15 2012, $10 and costs. 
5-9-'16 2012 Taken off 12th st. car, 

disch. 
5-12-'16 2012, Pontiac. 
5-15-'16 Attempt larceny, 1 yr., $100 

and costs. 
Juv. Ct. twice. 

4-29-'16 Sec. 15, M. V. L., disch. 2690 
ch. 121 R. S., prob. 1 yr. 

5-3-'16 Larceny, accused stealing mo- 
tor cycle, disch. 

6-1 3-' 16 Larceny, stole gun from bak- 
ery, Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 

2-28-'18 Larceny, broke windows in 
hay loft, Pontiac 1 yr., $100. 
uv. Ct. twice, Cook Co. School. 



Middle grade moron 
has had scabies "^ 



1-13-'15 2012, $10 and costs. 

7-10-'15 2012, Stealing bread from 

boxes, disch. 
2-25-'16 2012 Sleeping in hallway, 

$2 and costs. 
2-26-'17 2807 (had gun), $100 and 

costs. 
9-29-'17 2012 On street 3:30 a. m., 

$200 and costs. House of Cor. 
Accused of burglary, disch. 
4-29-'18 Burglary (5), Larceny (1). 

Broke into jewelry store at night, 

got grip full of goods, Pontiac 1 yr., 

$18 and costs. 
Juv. Ct. 



— 88 



Case 



Age 




Diagnosis 



Arrests 



F.K. 



4-9-'17 



II i g h grade moron 
plus predementia-> 
prrecox 



J. I- 



17 



2-24-' 16 



K. R. 



21 



7-30-'l4 



High grade moron 
plus predementia"* 
prscox 



f 10-2O-'15 2012, fined $10. 

12-11-'16 2012, disch. 

12-30-'16 Larceny, accused of bur- 
glary, disch. 

2-20-'17 2012, disch. 

4-9-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500. 

ll-7-'17 2807, $100 and costs, House 
of Cor. 

S-7-'18, Larceny. Broke into freight 
car, got 12 boxes of soap, Pontiac 
1 yr., $18 and costs. 

Juv. Ct. 3 times, John Worthy School 
3 mo. and 2 mo., St. Charles 11 
mo. 



2-24-'16 Larceny, had fight with boy, 

prob. 1 yr. 
6-10-*16 Larceny, broke into bakery, 

Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 
9-25-'17 2012 Walking on street 3 p. 

m., disch. 
10-2-'17 Larceny, was drunk, accused 

of stealing Buick, Crim. Ct., $800 

(no bill). 
10-31-'17 2012 Fight about wages, 

disch. , 

ll-5-'17 2012, $10 and costs, House 

of Cor. 
12-19-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 

House of Cor. 3 mo. 
6-31-'18 2012, Accused stealing water 

melon, disch. 
Juv. Ct. 4 times, John Worthy School 

3 mo. 



r^ 



Low grade sociopath, 
plus dementia prae-" 
cox hebephrenia — 



7-30-'14 Had Juvenile Court Record 
and other court records previous to 
the establishment of the Boys 
Court, breaking parole. Had spent 
fifty-two months in Pontiac for as- 
sault and robben-. He shot his vic- 
tim. 

22-22-'15 Disorderly conduct. 

S-22-'15 Disorderly conduct. On this 
occasion we committed him and he 
was sent to State Hospital for the 
Insane. 

7-15-'18 Murder. 



— 80 — 



a*e 


Age 


Date in 
Ub. 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 










r 6-9-14 2012, disch. 










6-18-'14 2012, disch. 










2-17-'lS Larceny, stealing bag of oats 










from barn. House of Cor., 10 days. 


R. A. 


19 


6-9-' 14 


High grade moron. . . < 


$1 and costs. 
6-28-'16 Sodomy, contributing to de- 
linquency of children, $200 and 
costs, Pontiac 1 yr. 
^Juv. Ct. once, 2012, disch. 

1-31-'17 Larceny, burg, grocery store, 

prob. 1 yr. 
3-14-'17 2012 Sleeping in basement, 

disch. 
6-22-'17 2012 Coming from swimming 

pool, disch. 


S. N. 


17 


2-14-'l7 


High grade moron 
plus dementia prae-s^ 

cox 


9-5-'l7 Larceny, stole 12 prs. shoes 

from Ry., disch. 
11-15-'17 2012 Accused of cutting lead 


















pipe, disch. payment costs $6. 










ll-26-'17 2012 Staying with boy in 










furnished room, $10 and costs, 










House of Cor. 










\2-2V\7 Larceny, Pontiac 1 yr. 










Juv. Ct. twice. 



— 90 



Anthropometrical 

The anthropometrical data assembled on our cases are so extensive that they 
will have to be treated separately. We submit here, however, the height, weight and 
ponderal index averages on 513 random cases from the Boys Court, with the cor- 
responding average mental ratings, as a matter of interest. The measurements are 
in the metric system ; the height in centimeters, the weight in kilograms, the Pi. 

3 

(Ponderal Index) is 100 x \/ W. W. equals weight, IT. equals height. 
H. 

A. D. equals Average Deviation, o" equals Mean Square Deviation or Standard 
Deviation. The Ponderal Index is an index of embonpoint or state of general 
nutrition. The ages given here represent nearest birthdays. 

Average basal 

Age. No. case.s. mental age. A. D. *^ 

16 7 9.14 0.76 1.00 

17 98 8.83 0.94 1.12 

18 160 8.84 0.90 .1.22 

19 123 8.73 0.93 1.28 

20 80 9.00 0.95 1.22 

21 27 8.82 1.07 1.67 

22 10 8.50 0.80 0.89 

23 8 8.75 0.82 1.22 

Average total 

Age. No. cases. mental age. A. D. ^ 

16 7 11.34 0.67 0.89 

17 98 11.03 0.76 0.99 

18 160 11.29 0.8S 1.10 

19 123 11.03 0.84 1.07 

20 80 11.39 0.86 1.04 

21 27 11.23 1.17 1.70 

22 10 11.54 0.78 0.92 

23 8 10.95 1.05 1.34 

Age. No. cases. Height. A. D. a 

16 7 170.54 5.27 4.22 

17 98 167.05 6.19 7.98 

18 160 169.81 5.23 6.44 

19 123 169.45 5.18 6.65 

20 80 171.31 5.44 6.64 

21 27 170.32 6.20 6.96 

22 10 173.37 5.69 6.92 

23 8 168.57 3.57 4.63 

Age. No. cases "Weight. A. D. a 

16 7 56.23 6.88 6.31 

17 98 60.59 6.50 8.17 

18 160 60.05 5.63 7.51 

19 123 60.84 5.47 6.98 

20 80 62.36 4.27 5.47 

21 27 60.93 8.20 9.36 

22 10 67.90 4.64 6.14 

23 8 63.77 4.77 5.32 

Age. No. cases. Pi. A. D. a 

16 7 22.41 0.44 0.56 

17 98 23.13 0.58 0.77 

18 160 23.00 0.59 0.79 

19 123 23.13 0.56 0.77 

20 80 22.99 0.73 1.40 

21 27 23.10 0.94 0.73 

22 10 23.54 0.56 0.73 

23 8 23.71 0.59 0.73 



— 91 — 



THEJMORALS COURT 

The report on this court covers the examination of 957 cases (793 females 
and 164 males), and is a representative sampling of the human material dealt with 
in this cowrt. 

A certain percentage of these girls have had illegitimate children in their 
younger years, and the record of cases examined in the bastardy court shows that 
about 65 per cent are feeble-minded. 

Of course, a very high percentage of these girls from the Morals Court had 
syphilis or gonorrhea or both. As is generally known, females do not suffer as 
much locally, and therefore do not pay as much attention to gonorrhea, after the 
initial acute stage, as males, in whom the discomforts are more pronounced, and 
therefore more apt to receive attention. The danger with the females, however, 
is that the disease may extend to the other genital organs and adnexa tending to 
sterility, and may on occasion call for operation. On account of the lightness of 
the symptoms in the female, she is less apt to undergo treatment, and therefore is a 
great source of danger as an infective agent; in fact, "typhoid Mary," who leaves 
a train of typhoid fever in her wake, is no worse than a "gonorrhea carrier," whose 
devastations may be just as serious and widespread in their way. 

In the matter of syphilis, also, the disease, on the whole, follows a much more 
benign course in the female than in the male, and it is only when the local secondary 
symptoms become aggravated, or the skin eruption or throat symptoms become 
severe, that many of these women, especially the lower grade ones of the clandes- 
tine type, give this matter any attention ; and they are therefore widespread infecting 
agents in this stage in the matter of lesions of the mucous and muco-cutaneous 
surfaces. 

Fortunately, the majority of these symptoms run their course and disappear 
spontaneouslj', or the damage these girls would do would be incalculable. Once 
these girls have syphilis, unless they are thoroughly cured, either through treat- 
ment or spontaneously, they cannot become reinfected, and therefore cannot go 
through the secondary period again, which is the time when they are most infective 
to others. While they are more or less syphilized, they do not bear living children, 
or, if they do, as a rule the children die shortly. Venereal infections may almost be 
regarded as occupational diseases with some of these cases. Contact alone will 
not produce infection; other factors are necessary, such as abrasion of skin, etc. 
The value of a positive Wasserman reaction is only relative— it may mean the 
case has had congenital lues, was infected twenty or thirty years previously, or 
is i,n an active infective stage, or may be latent. 

In the matter of recidivism, the Morals Court cases take the lead over all 
others, which is quite natural since the majority of these girls are too feeble-minded 
or psychopathic to make a living legitimately, and they must ply their trade more 
or less in the open, while the boy delinquents, from the nature of their crimes. 
work surreptitiously. However, if this means of livelihood is taken away from 
them and none other provided, they will have to resort to other means of living, 
such as larceny, burglary, and the like. These girls are much greater prevaricators 
than the boys, in fact, there is no truth in them. 

There are very few of the girls coming into the Morals Court who are actually 
first offenders. They have already begun their careers in their juvenile years 
They show the same difficulties in school and environmental conflict, according 
to their nature, that the boys do. Parents come to court with their girls, and make 

— 92 — 



the same complaints of incorrigibility tliat they do in the Boys Court with their 
sons. We are often asked as to why these girls appear so much younger than their 
years. This is no doubt due to the mental immaturity of such a high percentage 
of them. To the saying "every line a thought," we might add, "no thoughts, no 
lines." The masked faces of many of the praecox cases may also play a role here. 

FEMALES 
Average Intelligence. 

Mental Diagnosis. 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

63 25.4 9.71 12.36 

Psychopathy. 

In this group twenty-three were diagnosed as dementia prcccox. Eleven of 
these were complicated by alcoholism, one of these had advanced tuberculosis, and 
one had epilepsy. 

Nine were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution. Four were complicated by 
drug addiction, and one of the latter by alcohol also. 

Two had preparalytic dementia, one complicated by alcoholism. 

In a tabulation of twenty-one of these cases, eight were in for soliciting, eigli< 
were* arrested in raids of disorderly houses, one for receiving stolen property, one 
for alcoholism, three for adultery. One of the latter, married to a white man 
with whom she had a little girl, age seven, was consorting with a Chinaman. 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths. 

Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 


Average 


Average 


Average 


Cases. 


Chronological Age. 


Basal Mental Age. 


Total Mental Age. 


33 


24.67 


9.79 


12.22 



Psychopathy. 

Eight of this group were diagnosed as cases of dementia praecox, six of these 
were complicated by alcoholism ; and one of this group was complicated by pre- 
paralytic dementia. 

Four were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution, one complicated by acute 
alcoholism. 

The following arrests tabulated on a group of nine cases showed : 

Case, age 18, dementia pra?cox ; arrested for bigamy. 

Case, age 21, dementia praecox; has had five arrests for soliciting. 

Case, age 23, dementia pra;cox ; has had eight arrests, seven for soliciting; one 
in raid on house. 

Case, age 21, dementia pra?cox ; living in adultery with her brother-in-law. 

Case, age 21, dementia praaccox ; arrested three times for soliciting. 

Case, age 25, psychopathic plus alcoholism ; arrested twice, inmate of disorderly 
house. 

High and Middle Grade Sociopaths. 
Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 
Cases. 


Average 
Chronological Age. 


Average 
Basal Mental Age. 


Avenge 
Total Mental Age. 


39 


25.48 


9.56 


12.16 



93 



J'syihopalliy. 

'Iwclvc' of tliis group were diagnosed cases of dementia pra;cox, 7 of these 
were complicated by alcoholism, 1 was a pathological liar. 

Three were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 1 complicated by alcoholism 
and epilepsy. 

The following arrests were tabulated on nine cases: 

Case, age 32, psychopathic, epileptic, alcoholic; arrested five times for alcohol- 
ism, has been in House of Correction. 

Case, age 18, dementia precox; arrested 5 a. m., said she was looking for work. 

Case, age 33, psychopatiiic and alcoholic; has had seven arrests for soliciting. 

Case, age 23, dementia prsccox; was found in a cellar with two boys of juvenile 
age. 

Case, age 24, dementia prjccox, married woman ; arrested in a hotel with a 
man. 

Four of the group of nine were arrested for soliciting. 

Low Grade Sociopaths. 
Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 


Average 


Average 


Average 


Cases. 


Chronological Age. 


Basal Mental Age. 


Total Mental Age. 


43 


25.6 


8.77 


11.66 



Psychopathy. 

Twenty-one were diagnosed dementia prsecox; six complicated by alcoholism; 
one with preparalytic dementia. 

Eleven were diagnosed psychopathic constitution; four complicated by alcohol- 
ism; one was a drug addict. 

Tabulations of arrests on a group of thirty-one cases : 

Ten cases arrested for soliciting. 

Two cases arrested for fornication. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 24, dementia precox, white; lives with colored man. 

Case, age 19, dementia prascox ; living with a man. 

Case, age 24, dementia proecox ; adultery. 

Case, age 31, dementia praecox ; four arrests in Morals Court and three previ- 
ous arrests, six as inmates of disorderly house; one for burglary. 

Case, age 16, psychopathic ; once in Morals Court ; four previous arrests ; two 
Juvenile Court arrests. Was in Park Ridge Home for Girls eleven months ; St. 
Mary's School one year. 

Case, age 20, psychopathic, alcoholic, colored; arrested with a white man. 

Case, age 24, psychopathic, colored; living with a white man. 

Case, age 16. psychopathic; arrested in Morals Court, also in Juvenile Court. 

Case, age 22, highly psychopathic; six arrests in Morals Court for soliciting; 
once in Juvenile Court for truanc}'. 

Case, age 19, dementia praecox; two arrests in Morals Court, once in Juvenile 
Court; arrested 2 a. m. on the street; had stolen $90 from her brother. Had been 
in House of Good Shepherd one year. 

The balance were in for disorderly conduct and drinking. 

In a group of 31 cases, average arrests for group in Morals Court, 1.58; other 
branches, 1.09; Juvenile Court, 1.16; average arrests in other branches, three cases 
three times; Juvenile Court, four cases with five arrests. - 

— 94 — 



High Grade Borderland Morons. 
Mental Diagnosis. 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

15 26.26 8.6 11.6 

Psychopathy. 
Nine were diagnosed dementia prcecox ; two were complicated by alcoholism ; 
one was a drug addict. 

Two were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one complicated by alcoholism. 
Two were diagnosed preparalytic dementia, one with epilepsy. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 30, dementia pra;cox ; adultery. 

Case, age Z2, dementia priecox ; adultery. 

Case, age 30, dementia pr^ecox plus preparalytic dementia ; fornication and 
adultery. 

Case, age 30, dementia praecox ; bigamy. 

Case, age 35, preparalytic dementia and epilepsy; three arrests in Morals 
Court; inmate of disorderly house and in hotel with man. 

Case, age 28, dementia prjccox ; inmate of disorderly house ; three arrests in 
Morals Court. 

Case, age 26, dementia pnecox, also drug addict ; three arrests in Morals 
Court, arrested in raids. 

Case, age 22, dementia praecox, alcoholism ; adulterj'. 

Case, age 22, dementia priecox ; in cabaret with her two sons, age 5 and 6: 
man accused her of stealing money from him. 

Case, age 17, psychopathic; adultery. 

Case, age 20, psychopathic, alcoholic; three arrests in Morals Court. Has been 
in House of Correction twice ; previously arrested for soliciting. 

Balance of cases arrested for soliciting. 

High Grade Morons. 

Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 


Average 


Average 


Average 


Cases. 


Chronological Age. 


Basal Mental Age. 


Total Mental Age. 


341 


25.17 


8.48 


11.17 



Psychopathy. 

One hundred and thirty-one were diagnosed dementia praecox ; fifty-nine were 
complicated by alcoholism ; two by alcoholism and drug addiction. One alcoholic 
also exhibitionist. 

One w-as drug addict; two were epileptic; two were sex perverts; two were 
moral defects ; one, pathological liar. 

Twenty-six were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, eight of these were 
complicated by alcoholism. 

Five of the high grade morons, were also drug addicts: a scattering few were 
also alcoholics. 

Four high grade morons were both drug and alcohol addicts. 

Two high grade morons were also epileptics. 

One had juvenile paresis. 

One was hysteroid. 

One had bad case of myocarditis. • 

One was preparalytic dementia. 

In a group of eighty cases tabulated, eleven were coloreil. 

— 95 — 



TaLiulaliuii of arrcsis on eighty consecutive cases of higli grade morons (mental 
age 10.1 to 12), including psychopathy. It should be constantly borne in mind that 
\vc have no direct means of compiling number of arrests of Morals Court cases; 
but we know, from experience, that they are practically all repeated offenders, and 
practically none are first ofTcnders. They show a much higher percentage of recidi- 
vism because they have to ply their calling more or less openly, as compared with 
the burglar, hold-up man, etc. Their returns are smaller, and they receive shorter 
sentences. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 20, psyciiopathic; in Morals Court three times for receiving stolen 
property; broke probation twice; was also in a juvenile home. 

Case, age 19, psychopathic; fornication; living with a man two years; had 
previous arrest for soliciting. 

Case, age 21, dementia prxcox ; fornication ; had previous arrest, had been at 
Park Ridge School six years. Her mother is in state insane asylum. 

Case, age 27, dementia prscox ; adultery and fornication. 

Case, age 18, dementia prrecox ; adultery and fornication in Morals Court; in 
another court, running away from home; in Juvenile Court, was picked up on street. 

Case, age 21, dementia praccox, alcoholic. Had three arrests in Morals Court, 
shop lifting; two disorderly conduct. Her husband shot a man. 

Case, age 27, dementia pra;cox ; in Morals Court for soliciting ; one arrest for 
larceny. 

Case, age 24, psychopathic; in Morals Court for soliciting; now three months 
pregnant with illegitimate child. 

Case, age 18, psj'chopathic; Morals Court for soliciting; now pregnant with 
illegitimate child. 

Case, age 18, colored, mental level 10.6 years ; in Morals Court twice for solicit- 
ing; once in other court. She is illegitimate child. 

Case, age 16, mental level 11.2 years; in Morals Court accusing boys of rape. 
She had one previous arrest ; claims four boys raped her. 

Case, age 23, dementia praecox, alcoholic; two arrests in Morals Court, one 
in raided house, one soliciting; she is an illegitimate child. 

Case, age 33, psychopathic, alcoholic, hermaphrodite; three arrests in Morals 
Court for alcoholism ; has taken drink cure unsuccessfully. 

Case, age 22, high grade moron, mental level 11.4 years; fornication; lived w-ith 
a man two years. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic, w^hite; fornication and adultery, living with colored 
man. 

Case, age 19, psychopathic; mental level 11.4 years; fornication. Is an illegiti- 
mate child, and is herself now pregnant with an illegitimate child. 

Case, age 31, mental level 10.6 years; colored; fornication and living with a 
man, and has illegitimate child to him. 

Case, age 21, white; dementia praecox with moral defect; was in reform school 
three years; was married to a colored man, deserted him, and now living with 
another colored man. 

Case, age 22, dementia praecox; pathological liar; adultery and fornication. 

Case, age 19, dementia praecox, alcoholic; in :Morals Court, fornication, in 
court in another state as complaining witness when she was raped; married man 
who raped her, and was deserted by him later. 

Case, age 19, dementia pr.xcox : living with a man. She was illegitimate; was 
in home for girls. 

Case, age 28, dementia prc'ccox, alcoholic, half colored ; lived in houses of 
prostitution ten years; many arrests in ^Morals Court. 

Case, age 23, dementia praecox ; arrested in hotel with a man ; shr is married ; 
forced marriage_\vhen two months pregnant illegitimatelv. 

Case, age 25, dementia praecox. alcoholic; four arrests in Morals Court, one for 
sohcitmg, twice inmate disorderly house, once desertion. 

— 96 — 



Case, age 21, psychopathic; two arrests in Morals Court for adultery and 
fornication; once for larceny; House of Correction. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic; has a two-room flat; three men living in intimacy 
with her there. 

Case, age 24, dementia prjccox ; two arrests in Morals Court, soliciting; one 
in another court for shooting her husband ; he was a panderer. 

Case, age 21, dementia praecox ; arrested for soliciting, used her home in the 
basement. Her husband was a janitor. 

Case, age 22, mental level 11.0 years; contributing to delinquency of a little 
girl. She is living with a man. 

Case, age 21, dementia pra^cox. alcoholic; bigamy. 

Case, age 26, dementia pra;cox, alcoholic ; two arrests in Morals Court. Took 
men to her home. 

Case, age 23, dementia pmccox, colored ; soliciting white men in an alley. 

Case, age 35, mental level 10.6 j'ears ; in Morals Court once ; has twice accused 
men of pandering. 

Case, age 16, dementia praxox ; three arrests in Morals Court, once previously. 
Runs away from home and solicit^. 

Case, age 24, mental level 10.2 years ; adultery. 

The bulk of 'the remaining cases consisted of soliciting; inmates of disorderly 
houses ; in hotels with men, etc. 

Middle Grade Morons. 
Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 
Cases. 


Average 
Chronological Age. 


Average 
Basal Mental Age. 


Average 
Total Mental Age. 


84 


26.21 


7.68 


9.64 



Psychopathy. 

Twenty-eight were diagnosed dementia pr?ecox, fourteen of these were compli- 
cated by alcoholism, one is epileptic as well as alcoholic. 

Three were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one complicated by alcoholism, 
one is also alcoholic and drug addict. 

One, middle grade moron, is epileptic, one is drug addict, one multiple sclerosis. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case,- age 23, dementia prsecox, mental level 9.6 years. Epileptic, alcoholic ; 
three arrests in Morals Court; inmate of disorderly house. 

Case, age 23, dementia prsecox, mental level 9.4 years ; living with a man. 

Case, age 24, mental level 9.8 years ; two arrests in Morals Court, first for living 
with a man, second drinking and soliciting. 

Case, age 27, mental level 9.4 years ; has multiple sclerosis ; committed to 
Lincoln; Morals Court three times; once she was stabbed in a fight 

Case, age 37, mental level 9.6 years ; drug addict ; fornication. 

Case, age 21, dementia prarcox, mental level 9.4 years ; two arrests in Morals 
Court, one for disorderly conduct, one for fornication ; twice arrested in other 
:ourts for soliciting. 

Case, age 26, dementia prscox, mental level 9.6 years, alcoholic, white, married 
CO colored man; six arre?ts in Morals Court, soliciting and drinking. 

Case, age 33, psychopathic, mental level 8.6 j-ears ; alcoholic ; three arrests in 
Morals Court and one previously. 

The bulk of the rest of the cases are soliciting, disorderly conduct, inmates of 
disorderly houses, and in hotels with men. 

— 97 — 



Low Grade Morons. 
Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 
Cases. 

31 



Average 
Chronological Age. 

27.06 



Average 
Basal Mental Age. 

6.35 



Average 
Total Mental Age. 

8.4 



Psychopathy. 

Ten cases were diagnosed dementia praecox; six were complicated by alcoholism. 

One case diagnosed as psychopathic constitution. 

One case hysteroid. 

One case has left-sided hemiplegia. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 22, hysteroid, mental level 7.8 years, colored ; intimate with colored 
boy, age 16. 

Case, age 23, dementia precox, mental level 8.8 years ; had disorderly dive. 

Case, age 42, dementia praecox, mental level, 8.6 years, white ; was living with a 
colored man. 

Case, age 22, mental level age 9 years ; once in Morals Court, inmate of dis- 
orderly house ; once in outside court, contribtiting to delinquency of a little girl. 

Case, age 23, mental level 8.4 years; two arrests, once inmate of disorderly 
house, once shoplifting; was in House of Good Shepherd for a year. 

Remaining cases arrested for soliciting. 

An analysis of the intelligence level of six hundred and eighty-six female cases 
gave the following results : 



Mental Levels. 



Number 
of Cases. 



Average Intelligence 70 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 38 

High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 44 

Low Grade Sociopaths 46 

High Grade Morons 368 

Middle Grade Morons 87 

Low Grade Morons 32 

Imbecile 1 

Total 686 

Analysis of Psychopathy of Females — 464 Cases 

Xumbcr 
Diagnosis. of Cases. 

Dementia prcecox 118 

Dementia praecox plus alcoholism 118 

Dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism plus preparalytic 

dementia 3 

Dementia praecox plus alcoholism plus senile dementia 

Dementia pr.xcox plus alcoholism plus exhibitionist 

Dementia praecox plus alcoholism plus drug addiction 

Dementia praecox plus alcoholism plus epilepsy 

Dementia pra?cox plus preparalytic dementia. 

Dementia pnccox plus tuberculosis 

Dementia praecox plus epilepsy 

Dementia pra;cox plus pathological liar 

Dementia pnccox plus drug addiction 2 

Dementia pr.Tcox plus sex pervert 2 



Percentage. 

10.20 

5.54 

6.41 

6.70 
53.64 
12.68 

4.66 
.14 

100.00 



Percentage. 

25.48 
25.48 

0.65 
0.22 
0.22 
0.65 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.65 
0.43 
0.43 
0.43 



— 98 — 



iJfincntia pr:ccox plus moral dcfccl 3 

Dementia prfecox plus hermaphrodite plus chronic alcohol- 
ism, exhibitionist 1 

Psychopathic constitution 42 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism 23 

Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism plus drug addic- 
tion •■ 

Psjrhopathic constitution plus acute alcoholism 

Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism plus epilepsy 

Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction 

Psychopathic constitution plus epilepsy 

Psychopathic constitution plus locomotor ataxia 

Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia plus 

chronic alcoholism, on verge of delirium tremens 

Psychopathic constitution plus dementia paralytica 

Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia 8 

Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia plus 

alcoholism 2 

Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia plus 

epilepsy 1 

Chronic alcoholism 17 

Chronic alcoholism plus epilepsy 2 

Chronic alcoholism plus acute exacerbation 1 

Chronic alcoholism plus polyneuritis 1 

Chronic alcoholism plus drug addiction 6 

Chronic alcoholism plus locomotor ataxia 1 

Epilepsy 4 

Drug addiction 7 

Drug addiction plus lues 1 

Manic-depressive insanity plus sex complications 1 

Manic-depressive insanity plus 'alcoholism 1 

Manic-depressive insanity, depressive state 1 

Hysteria 1 

Hysteroid 2 

Juvenile paresis 1 

Physical examinations 55 

Physical examinations, venereal disease 2 

Physical examination, myocarditis 1 

Physical examination, multiple sclerosis 1 

Physical examination, left side hemiplegia 1 

Physical examination, congenital syphilis 1 

Physical examinations, lues 4 



0.65 

0.22 
9.07 
5.40 

0.65 
0.22 
0.22 
1.08 
0.22 
0.22 

0.22 
0.22 
1.73 

0.43 

0.22 
3.67 
0.43 
0.22 
0.22 
1.29 
0.22 

. 0.86 
1.51 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.43 
0.22 

11.88 
0.43 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.86 



Total 464 

An analysis of 341 cases of females with combined intelligence and psychopathic 

diagnosis, of the psychopathic constitution, dementia prsccox groups, and dementia 

preparalytica : i 

With With rre- 

Dementia Psychopathic paralytic 
Prsecox. Constitutinn. Dementia. 

Average Intelligence 26 12 2 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 11 6 1 

High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 12 7 

Low Grade Sociopaths 22 13 1 

High Grade Morons 147 13 4 

Middle Grade Morons 28 5 

Low Grade Morons 10 1 

Totals 256 11 8 



— 99 — 



Females — School Records. 



80.287o + II- & M. G. S. = 85.08% 
A 



72.B07o 
A 





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s: 

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No. cases 


60 


29 


29 


47 


15 


323 


73 


27 






Average chronological age 

Average basal mental age 

Average total mental age 

Average age entered school... 

Average age left school 

Average grade 


25.22 
9.68 

12.37 
6.22 

15.17 
8.7 


24.14 
9.86 

12.3 
6.17 

14.7 
7.45 


25.03 
9.65 

12.08 
6.76 

14.55 
7.14 


25.3 
8.87 

11.77 
6.04 

13.9 
6.74 


26.26 
8.6 
11.6 

6.53 

13.66 

5.53 


24.93 
8.48 

10.87 
6.68 

14.54 
6.55 


26.11 
7.71 
9.66 
7.17 

14.03 
4.76 


27.2 
6.5 
8.5 
6.5' 

13.3* 
3 5' 







'Two not included in school data who never attended school. 
'One age 40, basal 6, total mental level 8.2 years, hemiplegia. 
'One age 42, basal 7, total 8.6 years. Has dementia prsecox. 



MALES 

Average Intelligence. 

Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 
Cases. 



Average 
Chronological Age. 

29.5 



Average 
Basal Mental Age. 

10.75 



Psychopathy. 



Average 
Total Mental Age. 

12.75 



Two of the group were diagnosed dementia prsecox, one was complicated with 
alcoholism, the other was a sex pervert. 

Two were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution, one complicated by epilepsy, 
alcoholism and effeminacy. 

One of these cases, age 29, arrested for committing rape, was a case of dementia 
praccox and sex pervert. 

One psychopathic white man, age 32, arrested for living with negress. 

One case, age 25, white, dementia prsecox, alcoholic; insulted a negress. 

One case, age 32, white, psychopathic, epileptic and alcoholic, effeminate, mar- 
ried; arrested three different times in hotels with other women. He has been 
domg this for years. 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 

Mental Diagnosis. 
Two cases: 

One, age 25, colored, dementia prrecox ; arrested for sodomy. 
One, age 20, white, dementia prsecox ; indecent exposure. 

— 100 — 



High Grade Sociopaths. 

Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 


Average 


Average 


Average 


Cases. 


Chronological Age. 


Basal Mental Age. 


Total Mental Age. 


7 


25.28 


8.71 


12.08 



Four had double basals and two had triple basal ages. 

Psychopathy. 

Three were diagnosed as dementia prsecox. 

Four were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one complicated with pre- 
paralytic dementia atransformatinn with such 
therapeutic resources as the cell and the rockpile. „ 

The terminal stages of the cases are much as follows: separation, divorce 
court, charitable institutions and homes, alms house, prison, insane asylum, 
pauper's grave. Out of sheer desperation, in the face of their necessity and 
helplessnesb, the victims of our cases in manj- instances resign themselves 
to their fates and in this way eke out a miserable existence, appealing to the 
court from lime to linu- when affairs get bcj'ond all endurance. Practically 
all of those cases arc recruited from that two per cent defective group of the 
poi)ulation. and while this grouj) is numerically insignificant, potentially it is 
tremendous, and from the extent of havoc they produce, is regarded as much 
more numerous than it really is ; though the ramifications of this same two 
per cent of the population, with its concomitant civic burden and damage, are 
much greater than is generally appreciated. We see their stamp in the numerous 
accidents on land and sea, in industr)^ the army and navy, in the courts, both 
criminal and civil, the basis of traumatic, industrial, war and prison psychoses 
and neuroses. We see it as the basis for alcoholism, drug addiction, etc. We 
also think it plays a role as a contributing factor in the production of the 
l)arasyphilitic psychoses and neuroses in those contracting lues. Wc think 
the coincidence here that about two per cent of those contracting lues develop 

— 107 — 



panisypliilitic iktvi.hs affections, like the fact tliat about two per cent of the 
population are defective, and tliat about two per cent are criminals, to be more 
ihan a coincidence. 

We arc quite convinced from a careful study of the hundreds of chronic 
alcoholics that vvc have had the opportunity to test and study from infancy 
up, as well as their heredity and ofTspring, that psychopathy, such as feeble- 
mindedness, dementia priccox, psychopathic constitution, etc., is at the base, 
and that such alcoholism is but an expression of the underlying psychopathy. 
The dearth of results obtained in the cure of alcoholism is but a further con- 
lirmation of our findings, as we cannot cure psychopathy, which is hereditary 
and constitutional. These individuals represent the so-called "horrible examples 
of alcoholism." At one time it was though that alcoholism was a contributing 
cause, with lues, of dementia paralytica. We come now more and more to the 
conclusion that psychopathy is the common basis of both, that both the alcoholism 
and the dementia paralytica are but the outcome of the underlying psychopathy. 

A very high percentage of our cases from the Domestic Relations Court 
manifest very outspoken delusions of infidelity, not only accusing and suspect- 
ing their wives of illicit relations with other men and even with their own 
sons, but also in many instances accusing their daughters of promiscuous illicit 
relations with men and usually calling both the wives and daughters the com- 
monest of street names, etc. This was a symptom generally attributed to 
excessive chronic alcoholic abuse and called "alcoholic delusions of infidelity," 
and has been attributed to impotcncy on the part of the man, due to his 
alcoholism. We do not think this theory entirely appropriate. We have found 
most of our cases with delusions of infidelity to be chronic alcoholics, but not 
all of them. Some of our most outspoken and dangerous cases of delusions 
of infidelity were in cases using little or no alcohol, but all were unmistakable 
cases of dementia prsecox paranoides. We have found the same delusions in 
a certain percentage of our women from the Domestic Relations Court where 
they were obsessed with the idea that their husbands were intimate with other 
women and even with their own daughters, in many instances also sex delu- 
sions about their sons and daughters, in the majority of instances in both sexes 
of the most groundless and obvious falsity. Most, but not all, of our women 
with such delusions were also alcoholic. We are not only not finding impotency 
to account for the symptom, but on the contrary, as is a common symptom 
of our pra.*cox cases, they are oversexed and most of these cases with sex 
delusions are excessive in their sexual relations. We, of course, find incest not 
uncommon in our prrecox families. Tlic alcoholism, therefore, may rather be 
regarded as a concomitant symptom of the dementia praecox rather than a 
basis. It was also previously thought that alcoholism was a contributing factor 
in paresis. We may now regard it as well as paresis as concomitant symptoms 
of an underlying fundamental psychopathy. We find that paresis is con- 
ditioned by a luetic infection on a psychopathic constitution just as the al- 
coholism is, and where we find alcoholism as a concomitant symptom, we find 
in such cases that it as often as not was antecedent to the luetic infection. 
We have discussed this theory somewhat more fully in a paper entitled "Psy- 
chiatry and Sociology," read before the sixth annual meeting of the Alienists 
and Neurologists in joint session with the Chicago Medical Society, July 11. 
1Q17. and published in The Journal of Sociologic Medicine, October, 1917. 

— 108 — 



Arrests 

It must be borne in mind here also, as well as in the Morals, Roys and 
other courts, that the percentage of arrests we give is considerably below 
actualities. We not only approximate the previous arrests in this c<airt up 
to the time of examination, but have included no arrests made after the ex- 
amination. On account of the shortness of the period covered by this report 
we miss records of repetition on those who have been serving sentences, when 
the laboratorj' opened as well as since. Furthermore, most of the cases in 
the Domestic Relations Court have been brought in on letter and given one 
or more chances and opportunities to rectify their conduct before they are 
finally formally placed under arrest and brought before the judge. The 
problems of this court are further magnified by the fact that so often like finds 
like, prsecox marries praecox, and feeble-minded marries feeble-minded, with 
tlie ensuing complications resulting from such a condition. On the other hand 
we observe it helps the situation materially if one of the partners approaches 
normality. 

Analysis of the Intelligence Findings on 226 Males 

Number 

of Cases. Percentage. 

Average Intelligence 23 10.18 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 17 7.52 

High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 34 15.04 

Low Grade Sociopaths 25 11.06 

High Grade Morons 89 39.38 

Middle Grade Morons 14 6.19 |-82.28% 

Low Grade Morons 21 9.29 

Imbeciles 2 0.88 

Idiots 1 0.44 

Analysis of the Intelligence Findings on 201 Females 

Number 

of Cases. Percentage. 

Average Intelligence 9 4.47 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 21 10.44 

High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 8 3.98' 

Low Grade Sociopaths 13 6.46 

High Grade Morons 99 49.25 I 85.05% 

Middle Grade Morons 28 13.93 | 

Low Grade Morons 21 10.44 

Imbeciles 2 0.99 

MALES 

Average Intelligence 

Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 

Av'Ke arrests In 
AvcraKo chron- Avorauo basal Averaso total Averado arrests otlier criminal ATorage arrests 
No. cases. oloKlcal age. mental age. mental ase. In D. R. Ct. courts. In J. C. 

19 37.06 9.47 12.28 1.8 0.44 0.13 

Of this group of 19 cases, 3 admitted 7 arrests in other criminal branches, 
or 2J32 arrests i)er case; in this same group 2 admitted 2 arrests in Juvenile 
Court. 

— 109 — 



Psychopathy. 

'I'ni c;iM's in tliis Knuip ^^'^''■^" diagnosed dcinc-nlia pracox, 5 were c<jm- 
plicated by alcoludism, 1 was complicated by drug addiction. 

l-:iglU (if the group of 19 were diagnosed psychopathic constitntion, 1 was 
complicated by alcoholism, 1 by preparalytic dementia and alcoholism, 1 by 
l)resenile dementia and alcoiiolism. 

One senile dementia with chronic alcoholism. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

The following tabulation gives an idea of the cause of arrest but does 

IK. I ill any way bring to liglit the years of suffering, misery, etc., rf wife and 
children that led up to it. 

Case, age 38, dementia pnecox and alcoholic; in Domestic Relations Court 
twice for non-support and two previ'ous arrests in other courts. 

Case, age 36, dementia prjecox paranoides, with chronic alcoholism; three 
arrests in Domestic Relations Court for non-support. 

Case, age 18, dementia pr?ecox ; arrested charged with bastardy; one previous 
arrest, one parole lJ/2 years. 

Case, age 50. dementia precox ; wife was so in mortal fear of him, had him 
arrested. He had had one previous arrest. 

Case, age 28, dementia prsecox with alcoholism ; two arrests in Domestic Rela- 
tions Court, one for desertion, one for non-support. 

Case, age 28, dementia precox with alcoholism ; has had five arrests, once his 
mother had him arrested, once his wife had him arrested, once arrested for fighting 
and sentenced to House of Correction for two months, arrested again for fighting 
and sent to House of Correction for six months, arrested once for embezzlement, 
sent to House of Correction for thirty days. 

Case, age 58, psychopathic, senile dementia, chronic alcoholism; has taken five 
cures for alcoholism without result. Has had nine arrests in Domestic Relations 
Court, committed to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 24, dementia prscox with alcoholism ; wife liad him arrested for 
cruelty. 

Balance of cases for non-support. 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 
Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

6 32.66 8.33 12.0 

Psychopathy. 

In this group 4 were diagnosed dementia prsecox, 2 of which were com- 
plicated by alcoholism, 1 of these cases had been in State Insane Asylum twice. 

One of the group of 6 was diagnosed psychopathic constitution, compli- 
cated with alcoiiolism. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 22, dementia prrecox ; arrested twice in Domestic Relations Court 
and had one previous arrest for burglary, sent to House of Correction, his first 
arrest in our court was for bastardy, his second for non-support. He was in a boys' 
reform school for IS months. 

The remainder were in fur non-support of wife and family. 

— 110 — 



High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 
Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 

No. Average cliron- Average basal Average total Average arrests Average arrests 

cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in D. B. Ct. In other courts. 

13 33.62 8.77 11.71 4.22 0.66 

In other branches of the court 4 cases admitted 6 arrests, averaging 1.50 to 
the case. 

Psychopathy. 

Nine of this group were diagnosed dementia priecox, 6 of tliese were com- 
I)licated by alcoholism, 1 was in a very exitable katatonic state. 

Four of the group of 13 were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 3 of 
whom were complicated by alcoholism and 1 preparalytic dementia. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 44, dementia praecox, was in an insane asylum in Europe twice, we 
committed him here. He has had 27 arrests for non-support, arrested once in 
Europe for vagrancy, has had in addition three previous arrests in other courts in 
this country. 

Case, age 40, very psychopathic plus preparalytic dementia; three arrests in 
Domestic Relations Court and one previous, one arrest in Domestic Relations 
Court was for incest with his thirteen-year-old daughter, other arrests for non- 
support and drinking; we committed him to hospital for insane. 

Case, age 29, dementia pra:cox katatonia ; arrested for desertion of wife and 
fainily. 

Case, age 42, dementia prtecox hebephrenia plus alcoholism ; once in Domestic 
Relations Court for contributing to delinquency of his children, one previous arrest 
for drinking. 

Case, age 26, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholic; twice arrested in Domestic 
Relations Court for non-support and drinking. 

Case, age 23, psychopathic, alcoholic ; charged with bastardy. 

Low Grade Sociopaths 
Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 

No. .Average chron- Average ba.sal .\verage total .\verago arrests Average arrests 

cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in D. R. Ct. in otln-r courts. 

14 33.64 8.36 11.36 1.86 2.28 

In this group of 14 r.'ise^ ft admitted 32 previou-- anc'^ts, an average of 
5.33 arrests to the case. 

Psychopalhy. 

Nine cases of this group were diagnosed dementia pr;ecox, 5 of these were 
complicated by alcoholism, 1 was complicated by moral defect, 1 by prepara- 
lytic dementia, 1 presenile dementia plus alcoholism. 

Five of the group of 14 cases were diagnosed psycho])athic constitution, 
2 of these were complicated by alcoholism, 1 attempted simulation. 

Tabulation of. Cases. 

Case, age 21, dementia praecox ; in Domestic Relations Court for non-support, 
four arrests in other courts for fighting, his mother being the complainant, was in 
Juvenile Court, in Parental School six months. 

Case, age 33, psychopathic, alcoholic; forced marriage; three arrests in Do- 
inestic Relations Court, non-support and abuse. 

— Ill — 



Case, aRC 2Z, (Irnuntia pracox plus moral defect; in Domestic Relations Court 
for non-support. 17 arrests in other courts for speeding, etc. 

Case, ajs'c 36. dementia pracox katatonia plus alcoholism ; four arrests in 
Domestic Relations Court for non-support. 

Case, age 48. dementia praccox plus alcoholism ; once in Domestic Relations 
Court for incest, had deserted second wife and was living with his daughter by his 
first wife in intimate relationship. She was also a case of dementia pra:co.x. He 
was held to Criminal Court, found guilty and sent to penitentiary. 

Case, age IS, psychoi)athic, simulator ; charged with bastardy. 

Case, age 53, dementia pr;ccox, presenile dementia plus alcoholism; once in 
Domestic Relations Court for non-support, four previous arrests for drunkenness. 

Case, age 45, dementia pra?cox, preparalytic dementia; non-support and use of 
vile, foul language to wife and children. 

Case, age 32, dementia pra;cox plus alcoholism ; four arrests in Domestic Re- 
lations Court, three previous, all for non-support and drunkenness, has served three 
terms in tiie House of Correction. ' 

Case, age 32, psychopathic plus alcoholism; in Domestic Relations Court three 
times for non-support, served two terms in House of Correction. 

High Grade Borderland Morons 

Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 



Pi 


<u . 




fZ m 









o- 




o 


a 


cu 






m 


mrt 






Ul *-> 


(0— 1 


a, J, 


<ug 


u D 


t..5 


t, o 


L. U 


<o 


<U 



Psychopathy. 



I. 


24 


10 


11.6 


1.0 




Dementia prsecox plus alcoholism plus 
hereditary lues plus chronic gonorrhea; 
arrested for non-support. 


II. 


24 


9 


11.6 


1.0 


2.0 


Dementia praecox plus alcoholism; all ar- 
rests for non-support. 


III. 


52 


9 


12.0 


4.0 


1.0 


Dementia praecox plus alcoholism; ar- 
rested for non-support, spent five years 
in Joliet for manslaughter. 



High Grade Morons 

(Mental Age 10.1-12.0) 
Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 













Av'ge arrests In 


No. 


Avorairo cliron- 


AveraKe basal 


AveraKe total 


Average arrests 


other criminal 


cases. 


oloRlcal aKe. 


mental age. 


mental age. 


in D. R. Ct. 


branches. 



52 



32.02 



8.52 



10.91 



2.92 



0.97* 



Psychopathy. 

Thirty-live cases of this group were diagnosed dementia precox, 26 of 
these wore complicated with clironic alcoholism, one of which was an advanced 
case of pulmonary tuberculosis. 

Eight cases of the group of 52 were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 
four of these were complicated with chronic alcoholism, one of the latter was 
also complicated by preparalytic dementia. 

Three psychopaths had epilepsy as complication, one complicated by tabo- 
paresis. 



•Computed on 37 cases; 11 of these admitted 36 arrests in other criminal branches. 
or an average of 2.57 arrests to the case; 2 cases admitted 4 arrests in Juvenile Court, 
1 was arrested 3 times, the other case once. 



— 112 — 



Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 37, dementia praecox plus alcoholism and pulmonary tuberculosis; 
has taken famous institutional cure for alcoholism at age 18 without result, in 
Domestic Relations Court twice, once for threatening to kill his wife, second for 
attempting to rape his twelve-year-old daughter. 

Case, age 50, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism; one arrest in Domestic 
Relations Court and ten in other criminal branches. In Domestic Relations Court 
because his house was so filthy dirty that the Board of Health instigated his being 
brought into court, otiier arrests were for disorderly conduct and drunkenness. 

Case, age 37, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism, preparalytic dementia ; in Do- 
mestic Relations Court for non-support, was a forced marriage. 

Case, age 24, dementia praecox paranoides ; once in Domestic Relations Court 
for non-support, four arrests in other criminal branches, forced marriage, has no 
end of unpaid bills. 

Case, age 30, psychopathic, tabo-paresis ; four arrests in Domestic Relations 
Court for drunkenness and abusiveness. 

Case, age 28, dementia praecox hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholism ; four 
arrests in Domestic Relations Court, has been in House of Correction Hospital with 
delirium tremens, was also in Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 39, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations 
Court twice for non-support, his wife was also a case of dementia praecox and 
was so bad that we had to commit her to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 30, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism; twice in Domestic 
Relations Court for drunkenness, five times in other criminal branches for deser- 
tion and non-support; was three times in Juvenile Court; was in Pontiac Reforma- 
tory twice, 27 months for robbery, 39 months for violating his parole, was in House 
of Correction three times, once six months for carrying concealed weapons, once 
53 days for larceny, once again for concealed weapons ; he was in John Worthy 
School three times, 92 days for robbery, 49 days for starting a fire, 11 days for 
burglary; forced marriage; we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 41, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism; once in Domestic 
Relations Court for non-support, two arrests in other criminal branches for dis- 
orderly conduct, served two terms in House of Correction. 

Case, age 38, psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism ; on verge of delirium tre- 
mens, has had four arrests in Domestic Relations Court for non-support and 
drunkenness, has served two terms in House of Correction. 

Case, age 33, dementia praecox ; in Domestic Relations Court for non-support, 
forced marriage, we had to commit him to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 24, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism; in Domestic Relations Court 
for non-support, had delirium tremens once, attempted suicide once. 

Case, age 38, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations 
Court once for non-support, once in other criminal branch for drunkenness. 

Case, age 39, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism ; has had five arrests in 
Domestic Relations Court, three in other criminal branches for fighting and non- 
support, has served a term in the House of Correction. 

Case, age 34, psychopathic, epileptic, chronic alcoholic ; in Domestic Relations 
Court four times for non-support ; arrested once, accused of murder, found not 
guilty; we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 36, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism, pulmonary tuberculosis ; had 
four arrests in Domestic Relations Court and three in other criminal branches, all 
for non-support and abuse; served a term in House of Correction. 

Case, age 35, dementia praecox paranoides, chronic alcoholism ; one arrest in 
Domestic Relations Court and one in other criminal branch for abandonment, forced 
marriage. 

Case, age 31, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism; two arrests in Domestic 
Relations Court, both for abuse of wife and family. 

— 113 — 



Case. UKf 29, (Icnu-ntia pr;rcox, chronic alcoholism; four arrests in Domestic 
ktlations Court, his first arrest there for bastardy, forced marriage, other arrests 
for non-support and drunkenness; he has served three terms in House of Correc- 
tion, two for six months, one for a year. 

Case. aRC 36, dementia pr.xcox ; in Domestic Relations Court for non-support; 
had two previous arrests for desertion, one of these was in Europe. 

Case, age 34. dementia priccox. chronic alcoholism ; two arrests in Domestic 
Kclations Court for drunkenness. 

Case, age 23. dementia pnecox, chronic alcoholism ; two arrests in Domestic 
Relations Court for non-support and one in other criminal branch for beating wife 
.md drunkenness; has served two terms in House of Correction, six months each, 
forced marriage. 

Case, age 57. psychopathic, chronic alcoholism; four arrests in Domestic Rela- 
tions Court for non-support and disorderly conduct. 

Case, age 33, dementia pra:cox, chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations 
Court thirteen times for non-support, fighting with wife and family and drunken- 
ness; he lias had several House of Correction sentences, spent 18 months of past 
two years there ; he has had delirium tremens five times, we committed him to 
Psychopathic Hospital, 

Case, age 25, dementia pra?cox, chronic alcoholism ; one arrest in Domestic 
Relations Court, one in other criminal branch, both for not working. 

Case, age 30, dementia pra^cox, chronic alcoholism ; he has had 28 arrests for 
robbery and larceny and disorderly conduct, has served three terms in House of 
Correction. 

Case, age 45, psychopathic, epileptic, chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations 
Court for beating his wife. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic, colored ; charged with bastardy. 
F^.alancc on non-suppnrt charges. 

Middle Grade Morons 

(Mental Age 9.1-10.0) 
Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 

No. of Average Chron- Average Basal Average Total Average Arrests 

Cases. ological Age. Mental Age. Mental Age. in D. R. Ct 

13 29.8 8.0 9.76 2.55 

Two have had one arrest in other criminal branches, one lias been in 
Juvenile Court once, one has been in twice. 

Psychopathy. 

Seven were diagnosed dementia pr.xcox, three of these were complicated 
by chronic alcoholism and one by pulmonary tuberculosis. 

Two of the group of 13 were diagnosed psychopathic constitution. Im.iIi 
were chronic alcoholics and one had preparalytic dementia. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 47, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism ; four arrests in Domestic 
Relations Court for non-support, served three terms in House of Correction. 

Case, age 32. psychopathic, chronic alcoholism, preparalytic dementia- five 
arrests in Domestic Relations Court, four terms in House of Correction', nine 
months, six months, five months and four months respectively; while he was 
confined in House ot Correction his wife had a child to another man ; we com- 
mitted case to Psychopathic Hospital. 

— 114 — 



Case, age 47, dementia prascox, chronic alcoholic; three arrests in Domestic 
Relations Court, one in another criminal branch ; he has been arrested for non- 
support, drunkenness, desertion and disorderly conduct. 

Case, age 21, dementia prsecox ; two arrests in Domestic Relations Court for 
non-support; had two previous arrests in Juvenile Court; when age 13 was com- 
mitted to Parental School, spent twelve months there in all. 

Case, age 40, dementia pra^cox ; two arrests in Domestic Relations Court for 
non-support. 

Case, age 22, psychopathic; one arrest in Domestic Relations Court for non- 
support, one arrest in Juvenile Court, from where he was committed to Parental 
School. 

Case, age 28, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations Court 
for non-support, one arrest in another criminal branch for fighting. 

Balance of cases in for non-support, etc. 



No. Cases. 
I. 
II. 
III. 



Xo. Cases. 
I. 
II. 



Low Grade Morons 

(Mental Age 7.1-9.0) 

Mental Diagnosis. 

Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. 

28.0 5.0 

17.0 6.0 

32.0 7.0 

Imbeciles 

(Mental .\ge 3.1-7.0) 

Mental Diagnosis. 
Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. 
17.0 * 3.0 

25.0 5.0 



Total Mental Age. 

9.0 
8.2 
8.0 



Total Mental Age. 
5.0 
6.6 



School Records 





o u . 


■ 

'a 
a 

O 


1 








1 


i 

c 
o 




igen 
orde 

46% 




o 


High Grade Borderland 


£ 

o 


o 




5«S 


"Oci 


o 

CO 


Morons— 2.88%. 


S 


4) 




•-I'D 50 


^^ 


0) 








« 
■d 


? 




25 


^5 


d 








8 


O 




« too 


High a 
Soclopa 


1^ 










£ ■ 

•Oia 




<Sai 


hJ^ 


r 




> 


S^ 


iis 


No. of cases 


24 


13 


14 


I. 


II. 


III. 


37 


13 


Average chronologi- 


















cal age 


35.05 


33.62 


33.64 


24.0 


24.0 


52.0 


32.84 


29.8 


.\verage basal mental 


















age 


9.33 


8.77 


8.36 


10.0 


9.0 


9.0 


8.44 


8.0 


Average total mental 


















age 


12.21 


11.71 


11.36 


11.6 


11.6 


12.0 


10.93 


9.76 


Average age entered 


















school 


6.75 


6.4 


6.64 


6.0 


5.0 


7.0 


6.83 


7.33 


Average age left 


















school 


13.65 


15.75 


14.21 


14.0 


14.0 


14.0 


13.74 


13.11 


Average grade 


7.9 


7.44 


6.21 


6.0 


7.0 


6.0 


5.35 


3.75 



— 115 



Psychopathic Analysis with Complications en a Group of 637 Males 



Diagnosis. 



umber 
Cases. 

66 

129 

1 

1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 



ncmcnlia prrcco.x 

Dementia i)r.TCox plus alcoholism 

Dementia pnicox plus alcolioH-m pins presenile dementia... 
Dementia pra-cox plus ciironic alcoholism plus hereditary 

hies plus chronic gonorrhea 

Dementia precox plus chronic alcoholism plus moral defect 
Dcnuiiiia pr;ecox plus ciironic alcoholism plus sex pervert. . 

Dementia pnecox plus chronic alcoholism plus lues 

Dementia pr.eco.x plus chronic alcoholism plus effeminate.. 

Dementia pra-cox plus chronic alcoholism plus epilepsy 

Dementia i)racox plus chronic alcoholism plus preparalytic 

dementia 2 

Dementia pra;co.x plus chronic alcoholism plus arterio- 
sclerosis 11 

Dementia pra-cox plus drug addiction 1 

Dementia pra-cox plus moral defect 6 

Dementia pracox plus sex pervert 1 

Dementia pra-cox plus lues 2 

Dementia pra-cox plus preparalytic dementia 2 

Dementia pra-cox plus paresis 1 

Dementia pra-cox plus locomotor ataxia 1 

Dementia pnxcox plus senile dementia 2 

Dementia pra-cox plus presenile dementia plus arterio- 
sclerosis plus tabes 1 

Dementia prnecox plus pulmonary tuberculosis 1 

Dementia pra?cox plus hypochondria 2 

Psychopathic constitution 28 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism 186 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
paralytic dementia 7 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
senile dementia 1 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute 
exacerbation 6 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus drug 
addiction 1 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus lues. 5 
Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus tuber- 
culosis 3 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus ar- 
terio-sclerosis 14 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus hypo- 
mania, manic-depressive insanity 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
paralytic dementia congenital 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus de- 
lirium tremens 



Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus senile 
dementia plus manic-depressive insanity 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus de- 
mentia paralytica 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus loco- 
motor ataxia 



Percentage 

10.36 

20.25 

0.16 

0.16 
0.16 
0.16 
0.31 
0.16 
0.16 

0.31 

1.72 
0.16 
0.94 
0.16 
0.31 
0.31 
0.16 
0.16 
0.31 

0.16 
0.16 
0.31 

4.39 
29.20 

1.10 

0.16 

0.94 

0.16 
0.78 

0.47 

2.19 

0.16 

0.16 

0.16 

0.16 

0.16 

0.16 



116 — 



Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus trau- 
matic neurosis 1 0.16 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus ar- 

terio-sclerosis plus lues 1 0.16 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus ar- 

terio-sclerosis plus cretinoid 1 0.16 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus 

manic-depressive insanity 2 0.31 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus epi- 
lepsy 7 1.10 

Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia 8 1.25 

Psychopathic constitution plus presenile dementia 2 0.31 

Psychopathic constitution plus simulator 1 0.16 

Psychopathic constitution plus epilepsy 6 0.94 

Psychopathic constitution plus tabo-paresis 1 0.16 

Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction 1 0.16 

Psychopathic constitution plus arterio-sclerosis 3 0.47 

Psychopathic constitution plus tuberculosis 2 0.31 

Feeble-minded 6 0.94 

Feeble-minded plus dementia praecox 4 0.63 

Feeble-minded plus dementia prsecox plus chronic alcoholism 3 0.47 

Feeble-minded plus psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism.... 1 0.16 

Feeble-minded plus chronic alcoholism 7 1.10 

Idiots 2 0.31 

Hysteria 5 0.78 

Hysteria plus alcoholism 1 0.16 

Tuberculosis 5 0.78 

Tuberculosis plus alcoholism 3 0.47 

Chronic endocarditis 1 0.16 

Juvenile paresis 1 0.16 

Epilepsy 3 0.47 

Lues 10 1.57 

Lues plus gonorrhea 1 0.16 

Manic-depressive insanity, depressive state 1 0.16 

Manic-depressive insanity, maniacal state, plus arterioscle- 
rosis 1 0.16 

Physical and medical 53 8.32 

Total 637 



— 117 



Summary on 27 Boys, Who Were Complaining Witnesses or Whose Parents 
Were in the Domestic Relations Court 



1. 


5 


3 


4.2 




2. 


5 


4 


5.4 




X 


7 


6 


7.6 




4. 


7 


7 


7.4 


7.0 


5. 


7 


8 


8.8 


6.0 


6. 


8 


7 


8.4 




7. 


9 


8 


9.2 


6.0 


8. 


9 


5 


7.0 


6.0 


9. 


9 


7 


7.2 


7.0 


10. 


9 


7 


9.8 


6.0 


11. 


9 


6 


8.6 




12. 


10 


8 


9.4 




13. 


10 


8 


9.4 


6.0 


14. 


10 


8 


11.6 


5.0 


15. 


10 


8 


11.2 


6.0 


16. 


12 


8 


11.0 


7.0 


17. 


12 


7 


9.0 


7.0 


18. 


12 


8-10 


11.0 


7.0 


19. 


13 


8 


9.6 




20. 


13 


9 


10.8 


6.0 


21. 


14 


7 


8.6 




22. 


14 


10 


12.2 


6.0 


2.1 


14 


8 


9.0 


7.0 



24. 



14 



9 10.4 5.0 



25. 17 



26. 

27. 



13 
6 



11.2 6.0 

3.8 
5.0 



y special 
I class 



Remarks. 



Tongue-tied, feeble-minded. 

Mother committed by us to Psychopathic 
Hospital. 



Father dementia prsecox, chronic alcoholic, 
deserted wife and family; case is chronic 
masturbator; brother, case 6, is a prae- 
cox and epileptic. 

Has speech defect, brother to case 13, 

father in C. D. R. for non-support. 
Father in C. D. R. 



Brother of case 



Father i.s high grade moron, prsecox, 
chronic alcoholic; has 4 children all 
defective; case was age 4 before he 
could walk. 

Dementia prsecox, qualitative signs of 
feeble-mindedness. 



Psychopathic, father in C. D. R. 

Sociopath, brother to case 4. 

Sociopath. 

Low grade sociopath. 

Dementia prsecox. 

Dementia prsecox; we committed his 
father from C. D. R. to Dunning State 
Insane Asylum. 

Dementia prsecox. 

Dementia prsecox. 



Psychopathic, sociopath. 

jrongoloid, I'o yrs. in subnormal room; 
father in C. D. R. for non-support. 

Cretinoid, he has had 3 arrests, 1 for 
robberj-, 2 for not working, has been 
in Parental School 4 months; 2 other 
brothers have been under ari'est; father 
and mother test 10.4 and 10.2 respective- 
ly: two brothers now held to Criminal 
Court for tampering with mail boxes. 

Brother of case 24, had 2 arrests in B. C, 
1 for theft of $130, has 2 in Juv. Ct. 



Psychopathic. 



— 118 



No. of 
Cases. 


Average 
Chronological Age 


9 


30.11 



FEMALES 
Average Intelligence 

Mental Diagnosis. 

No. of Aveiage Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

7 28.0 10.0 12.52 

Psychopathy. 

One case was diagnosed as dementia pracox. 

Four were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution ; one complicated by pre- 
paralytic dementia. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 22, psychopathic ; complainant in bastardy case ; pregnant five months. 
The balance were complaining witnesses against their husbands. 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 

Mental Diagnosis. 

Average Average 

Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

9.66 12.06 

Psychopathy. 

Four cases in this group were diagnosed dementia pra'cux: one of these 
complicated by alcoholism and lues; she has an illegitimate child. 

Two of group of nine cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution ; one 

complicated by alcoholism. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 57; had illegitimate child who is now age 15; both mother and 
daughter had peculiar inherited defect of hand. 

High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 
Mental Diagnosis. 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

7 28.2 9.0 11.79 

Psychopathy. 

Three cases in the group were diagnosed dementia pr.-L-cox; one <>( which 
was complicated with alcoholism. 

Three of group of seven cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 37, dementia pra^cox paranoides ; came to find her father lost twenty- 
eight years ago; constantly annoying the court; harbored all kinds of delusions in 
regard to him. 

Case, age 40, dementia pra?cox plus alcoholism ; she had been in an industrial 
reform school for two years; her husband was in Domestic Relations Court charged 
with incest with their daughter, age thirteen. 

— no — 



Low Grade Sociopaths 
Mental Diagnosis. 
No. of Average Average Average 

CuHcs. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

12 29.25 9.0 11.73 

Psychopathy. 
Four of these cases were diagnosed dementia prsccox; two of which were 
complicated by alcoliolism; one of the alcoholics had chronic gonorrhea. 

Six iif (he gronp of twelve cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution; 
two of which were complicated by alcoholism. 

Tabulation of Cases. 
Case, age 28, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholic, chronic gonorrhea; was a 
forced marriage; had her husband arrested for non-support. 

Case, age 30, highly psychopathic; has been arrested for adultery; she has one 
illegitimate child age two and one-half years; she was illegitimately pregnant in addi- 
tion to this but had an abortion. 

Case, age 37, psychopathic plus alcoholism ; has been married three times. 
Case, age 23, psychopathic, chronic alcoholic; husband had her brought into 
court ; she threatened suicide. 

Case, age 35, dementia prsecox paranoides; had previously been in insane asy- 
lum and committed by us; hers was a forced marriage. 

Case, age 22, low grade sociopath ; deserted her two-weeks-old illegitimate 
child by leaving it on a door step. 

Case, age 24, psychopathic; has had two illegitimate children; complainant in 
her third bastardy case. 

Case, age 21, low grade sociopath ; six months pregnant, complainant in bas- 
tardy case. 

High Grade Borderland Morons 
Mental Diagnosis. 

Average Average 

Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

8.6 11.6 

Psychopathy, 
In this group there were four diagnosed psychopathic; one complicated 
with alcoholism and dementia paralytica; one complicated with alcoholism; 
one complicated by dementia paralytica. 

Tabulation of Cases. 
Case, age 52, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism, dementia paralytica; lived as 
man and wife for six years before forced marriage in court. 

Case, age 41, psychopathic, dementia paralytica; husband brought her into court 
lor running away from home so often. 

Case, age 45, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism ; husband had her brought into 
court in order to get the children away from her. 

Other cases were wives of husbands arrested for non-support. 

High Grade Morons 

(10.1-12.0) 
Menial Diagnosis. 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

56 28.8 8.75 11.4 

We have Domestic Relations Court arrest records on twenty-one cases, 

admitting thirty-nine arrests, or an average of 1.86 arrests to a case. One had 

one previous arrest, and three admitted Juvenile Court arrests ; one arrested once, 

one twice, one four times in Juvenile Court. 

— 120 — 



No. of 


Average 


Cases. 


Chronological Age 


5 


38.4 



Psychopathy. 

Sixteen of the group were diagnosed dementia pnecox; three of which 
were complicated with alcoholism; one of the latter had advanced pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

Eleven of this group of fifty-six cases were diagnosed [jsj-chopathic con- 
stitution ; three of which were complicated by chronic alcoholism ; one had 
juvenile paresis; one had hysteria; one had epilepsy; one was deaf. < 

Two were cases of hj-steria, one complicated by alcoholism. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 22, total mental age 10.8; arrested in Domestic Relations Court for 
contributing to the delinquency of a 17-ycar-old girl. Forced marriage, age 16. 

Case, age 20, dementia prsecox; one arrest in Domestic Relations Court for 
adultery; sent to House of Correction for six months; had four arrests in Juvenile 
Court, all for running away from home. 

Case, age 31, dementia praecox ; in Domestic Relations Court twice; deserted 
her husband to live with another man ; has child age one and a half years to the 
latter; ran away from home age 14; lived with her husband for fourteen years and 
bore him seven children; after coming into court it was found out that she was not 
legally married to first man. 

Case, age 39, dementia pnxcox with chronic alcoholism; two arrests in Do- 
mestic Relations Court, once for drunkenness and second time for disorderly 
conduct, when landlord tried to have her evicted because her house was so dis- 
orderly; she lived with present husband for one and a half years before forced 
marriage. 

Case, age 40, dementia pra^cox paranoides; had her husband arrested for non- 
support; lived together as man and wife six years before marriage; forced 
marriage. 

Case, age 21, dementia prrecox; in Domestic Relations Court for contributing 
to delinquency of her own child ; her husband is serving a term in Joliet for hold-up. 

Case, age 18, dementia prajcox, colored : was living with man a year ; also com- 
plaining witness against him on bastardy charge; she threatened to kill him the 
night before she was arrested, and attacked him with a knife; she was previously 
arrested in raid on house of prostitution. 

Case, age 22, dementia precox; had husband arrested for non-support. She 
had two Juvenile Court arrests; had a child to her father when she was a juvenile; 
father is still serving term in Joliet prison on account of it. 

Case, age 30, psychopathic; husband arrested for non-support; forced marriage. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic, juvenile paresis; applied for warrant for her hus- 
band ; was illegitimately pregnant before marriage and aborted ; she was in Juvenile 
Court as a dependent; spent two years in Chicago Industrial School; one of the 
cases referred to the laboratory by Mrs. McGuire, in charge of Department of 
Social Welfare, Domestic Relations Court. 

Case, age 22, extremely psychopathic; had trouble with her husband; attempted 
suicide. 

Case, age 32, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism ; her husband had her in Domes- 
tic Relations Court twice, once for drunkenness in a dance hall, the other time for 
fighting with landlady. 

Case, age 23, dementia prsecox ; husband had her arrested. 

Case, age 23, total mental age 10.4 ; accused two men of being the father of her 
child. She finally decided on one because he had a pimple on his nose and the baby 
developed one there, too ; we committed her to Lincoln. 

Case, age 30, psychopathic; had husband arrested for non-support; forced 
marriage. 

Case, age 28, epileptic ; had her husband arrested for beating her. 

Case.age 18, psychopathic; complainant bastardy case. 

The balance are made up of complaining witnesses in non-support cases 
and defendants for disorderly ccMiduct and di'inkin.u. 

— 121 — 



Middle Grade Morons 
(9.1-10.0) 

Menial Diagnosis. 



No. of 


Average 


Average 


Average 


Cases. 


Chronological Age. 


Basal Mental Age. 


Total Mental Age. 


26 


27.85 


7.58 


9.54 



Psychopathy. 

Six were diagnosed dementia prsecox, two of these being complicated by 
vlironic alcoholism. 

I'oiir i)f tlic group of twenty-six were diagnosed psychopathic constitu- 
tion; one of these was complicated by chronic alcoholism and preparalytic 
(K'mentia: one was complicated by presenile dementia. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 17, dementia priecox, chronic alcoholic; arrested twice in Domestic 
Relations Coi:rt, once for desertion; forced marriage. 

Case, age 33, dementia prsecox ; arrested once, contributing to delinquency of 
children; has been living in adultery with her brother-in-law off and on for seven 
years. 

Case, age 39, dementia prsecox, chronic alcoholic; husband abusive; forced 
marriage. 

Case, age 18, total mental age 9.2; forced marriage age 14; had illegitimate 
twins. 

Case, age 21, dementia praecox ; in Domestic Relations Court twice, once con- 
tributing to the delinquency of a young girl, second time suspicion of contributing 
to delinquency of a child. 

Case, age 20, total mental age 9.8; had previously been in Lincoln and Dun- 
ning ; re-committed by us to Lincoln. 

The balance were cases of complaint^ against husbands, etc. 

Low Grade Morons 





(7.1-9.0) 






Mental Diagnosis. 




No. of 
Cases. 


Average Average 
Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. 


Average 
Total Mental Age. 


19 


28.26 6.68 

Psychopathy. 


8.24 



One case was diagnosed dementia pra;cox with chronic alcoholism. 
Two of the group of eleven cases were diagnosed psj-chopathic consti- 
tution. 

Tabulation of Causes. 

Case, age 24, total mental age 7.2; had husband arrested for non-support; she 
has no idea how long she has been married. Time and space concepts are very 
difficult for the feeble-minded. 

Case, age 24, total mental age 9.0; had husband arrested for non-support. 

Case, age 22, total mental age 7.8; complainant in bastardy charge. 

Case, age 47, colored, dementia prsecox, chronic alcoholism, total mental age 
7.2; married; was arrested as inmate of a disorderly house. 

Case, age 28, total mental age 8.6; complainant in bastardy charge. 

Case, age 26, total mental age 9.0 ; complainant in bastardy charge ; she had 
been int'.mate with defendant for nine years; she became pregnant; he married 
another girl, and she made the charge. 

nnr-iii,-,- ,,1 ,-:t-. .; comp-kiiiiants again>t ihcir husbands, etc. 

— 122 — 



Psychopathic Analysis with CompHcation in a Group of 359 Females 

Number 

Diagnosis. of Cases. Percentage. 

Dementia praecox 83 23.11 

Dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism 19 5.29 

Dementia prsecox plus chronic alcoholism plus lues 1 0.28 

Dementia pra^cox plus chronic alcoholism plus gonorrhoea. . 1 0.28 
Dementia prxcox plus chronic alcoholism plus tuberculosis.. 1 0.28 
Dementia prrccox plus chronic alcoholism plus presenile de- 
mentia 1 0.28 

Dementia praecox plus arteriosclerosis 1 0.28 

Psychopathic constitution 58 16.15 

Psychopathic constitution pkis chronic alcoholism 31 8.63 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
paralytic dementia 2 0.56 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus hys- 
teria 1 0.28 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus de- 
mentia paralytica 1 0.28 

Psj-chopathic constitution plus dementia paralytica 3 0.83 

Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia 4 1.11 

Psychopathic constitution plus presenile dementia 1 0.28 

Psychopathic constitution plus senile dementia 1 0.28 

Psycliopathic constitution plus arteriosclerosis 2 0.56 

Psychopathic constitution plus juvenile paresis 1 0.28 

Psychopathic constitution plus hysteria 1 0.28 

Psychopathic constitution plus epilepsy 3 0.83 

Psychopathic constitution plus deaf 1 0.28 

Chronic alcoholism 40 11.14 

Chronic alcoholism plus epilepsy 1 0.28 

Chronic* alcoholism plus tuberculosis 1 0.28 

Chronic alcoholism plus arteriosclerosis 1 0.28 

Chronic alcoholism plus multiple sclerosis 1 0.28 

Chronic alcoholism plus hemiplegia 1 0.28 

Chronic alcoholism plus manic-depressive insanity 1 0.28 

Chronic alcoholism plus lues 1 0.28 

Chronic alcoholism plus gummata of face and arms 1 0.28 

Paralysis agitans 1 0.28 

Manic-depressive (hypomania) 1 0.28 

Manic-depressive insanity 2 0.56 

Hysteria 16 4.46 

Hysteria plus chronic alcoholism 1 0.28 

Hysteria plus epilepsy 1 0.28 

Epilepsy 4 1.11 

Lues 9 2.51 

Congenital lues 1 0.28 

Venereal disease 2 0.56 

Sexual frigidity 1 0.28 

Diphtheritic paralysis 1 0.28 

Progressive bulbar palsy 1 0.28 

Drugs 2 0.56 

Tuberculosis 4 l.ll 

Medical and physical examinations 42 11.70 

Normal 5 1.39 

Total 359 



123 — 



School Records, Females 





T3 


0) 


1 


•d 








a c 


1 


*j 




1 


I 

TO 

g 






e^ 


a 
o 




§ 


a 




.6?o«! 


■OOO 


g 


«^ 


o 


^ 




SCQT 
* 1 
£•(3 « 


eta 

o. 


o 


a 


Grade M 


le Grade 






•?-2 

too 


&;^ 


^^ 


*!2 


SS 




<Xui 


Sm 


3s 


ffi§ 


gs 


§3 


No. of cases 


16 


7 


12 


5 


56 


12 


Average chronological 














aee 


28.31 


28.2 


29.25 


38.4 


28.8 


30.78 


Average basal mental 




age 


9.75 


9.0 


9.0 


8.6 


8.75 


7.57 


Average total mental 














age 


12.21 


11.79 


11.73 


11.6 


11.4 


9.5 


Average age entered 














school 


6.5 


6.57 


7.36 


6.4 


7.08 


7.0 


Average age left school. 


IS.O 


13.86 


13.72 


13.0 


14.0 


13.5 


Average grade 


8.6 


6.57 


6.36 


5.8 


5.8 


3.66 



Low Grade Morons 
In a group of eleven cases tabulated, the following data were recorded: 

Case, age 24, total mental age 7.2; began school age 6, left age 15; was in first 
grade throughout. 

Case, age 24, total mental age 9.0; began school age 5, left age 14; reached 
third grade. 

Case, age 41, psychopathic, total mental age 9; attended school only age 7 to 8; 
was in first grade ; is completely illiterate. 

Case, age 26, total mental age 9; began school age 10, left age 13; reached 
fourth grade. 

Three cases grades not known. 
Four cases never attended school. 



— 124 



Summary on Thirty Girls Either Complaining Witnesses or Whose Parents 
Were in the Domestic Relations Court 





bo 


4) 
tX) 




o 
o 










"3 


■(3 


3 


m 


o 
o 

Si 








o 


c 


C 

4) 




o 




Remarks. 




o 


g 


s 


bo 


S 








c 


^^ 




a 


OJ 


aj 




4> 


o 


cj 


"rt 




^^ 


T3 




ai 


u 


a: 




o 


c 


d 




<A 


Si 


d 


o 


bo 


bo 






O 


O 


pq 


H 


<; 


< 


O 




1. 


4 
4 


4 
4 


4.8 
5.0 






•• 




2. 


Sister of case 4, boys. 


3. 


4 


4 


5.6 








Mother in D. R. Ct., chronic alcoholic; 
sent by court for drink cure. 


4. 


5 
5 


4 
5 


6.2 
6.6 


5.0 




1 




5. 


Mother and father both under arrest 
















in D. R. Court. 


6. 


6 
6 


6 

5 


6.8 
6.2 










7. 


Psychopathic; sociopath. 


8. 


7 
7 


7 
4 


7.6 
5.0 










9. 


Feeble-minded. 


10. 


8 


7 


8.4 


7.0 




1 


Psychopathic; father in D. R. Court. 


11. 


8 


5 


7.0 




. , 


, , 


Sister to case 24, boys. 


12. 


8 
9 
9 


8 
9 
8 


8.6 
10.0 
10.0 


5.0 
6.0 
6.0 




3 
4 
3 




13. 




14. 


Dementia praecox; father under arrest 
















in D. R. Court. 


15. 


10 
10 


8 
8 


10.6 
9.4 


7.0 




3 




16. 


Dementia prsecox; father under arrest 
















in D. R. Court. 


17. 


11 


8 


10.6 


6.0 




4 


Cretin. 


18. 


11 


7- 


8.4 


6.0 




2 


Dementia prtecox. 


19. 


13 


11 


12.4 


6.0 




8 


Dementia prsecox; high grade border- 
land sociopath. 


20. 


15 
15 
15 


9 
6 

8 


9.8 

8.0 

10.2 


7.0 


14.0 


5 




21. 




22. 


Dementia prsecox. 


23. 


15 


9 


11.4 


6.0 


15.0 


6 


Illegitimate child; mother married an- 
other man and had him arrested for 
non-support. 


24. 


15 
IS 
15 
16 
16 


7 
8 
8 
8 
8 


9.6 

11.2 

9.8 

9.4 

11.2 


7.0 
7.0 
6.0 
6.0 


15.0 
15.0 
14.0 
14.0 


7 
6 

3 

7 




25. 




26. 




27. 




28. 


Psychopathic; had Illegitimate child. 


29. 


17 


8 


11.0 


8.0 


13.0 


5 


Is married; had two arrests; inmate of 
disorderly houses. 


30. 


11 


4 


4.6 








Dementia praecox; low grade imbecile. 



125 



BASTARDY CASES 

'I'lic ca.si'h cited Iktc approximate vcrj' closely the general run of material 
found in this brancli. These types, male and female, find each other and as a 
result the offspring is no higher than its source. Most of the children of 
these cases find their way into foundling asylums and it behooves one, before 
adopting such children, if one would anticipate later heartaches, as our ex- 
perience teaches us how often they turn out badly, to have their mentalitiy 
lirst ccrtilied to. We append below the history of one such case as an 
example. The physician attache is useful here in assisting the court in such 
questions as probable time of conception, apparent age of child, venereal disease, 
etc. 

We have met a woman who makes it a business to adopt children, send- 
ing them out to work as soon as they are able, profiting on the transaction 
in this way. One of her adopted children was under arrest. 

Complainants in these cases very often appear again in court, in the Domestic 
Relations Branch, when marriages have settled the complaints, or in the Morals 
Court. There are not many girls of the more fortunately endowed that have to 
make such appeals for assistance. They are usually able to extricate themselves one 
way or another. 

Any legislation intended for the relief of tliis situation should not be any 
exception to other social legislation, should not be ex parte, but should be based 
on a thorough study of the material involved with the aim of enacting some 
legislation that fits. 

We would suggest the Greek word voOos = bastard for the English equivalent. 

The following statistics cover the findings on 117 consecutive cases of 
girls and the cases of 7 males involved with them, a total of 124 cases. 
Females — Average Intelligence 



No. cases. 


Averace chron- 
oloKlcnl age. 


AveraKO basal AvoraKe total 
mental age. nn'iital age. 


Averaee age 
began school. 


Average age 
left school. 


Average grade. 


11 


20.0 


11.81 12.63 


6.66 


14.81 


8.91 


1 


15.0 




6.00 


15.00 


3.00 in 
Russia 


1 


23.0 


Fair average 
intelligence. 


7.00 


15.00 


7.00 in 

Norway 



13 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 16, pregnant eight months time of test. 

Case, age 16, pregnant three months time of test. 

Case, age 21, pregnant eight months time of test. 

Case, age 19, pregnant six months time of test, forced marriage. 

Case, age 19, began school age 10, graduated fourth vear high school 
age 18. 

Case, age 20, pregnant eight months time of test. 

Case, age 29, psychopathic; she was pregnant by one man, married another 
who knew of pregnancy; she left him two days after marriage, he had active 
lues. 

Case, age 22, psychopathic, five months pregnant by man she has been 
intimate with since she was age 17. 

Case, age 15, in United States 2 years. 

Case, age 23, fair average intelligence plus dementia pr.xcox; father died 
before she was born, case married age 20, later divorced, lived with husband 
two years: he was arrested for stealing, sent to prison, then to insane asylum; 



— 126 



tlicy had one child and one miscarriage. She became intimate with case, 
F. Ha., directly after meeting him became pregnant and had F. Ha. arrested; 
he agreed to marry her after remaining in jail three months. While waiting 
for him to do some shopping, she solicited and took four men to a hotel in a 
couple of hours, was arrested and brought into Morals Court. She finally 
married F. Ha. 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 



so. cases. 


Average chron- 
ological age. 


Average basal 
mental age. 


Average total 
mental age. 


Average age 
began school. 


Avorago age 
left school. 


Average grade. 


3 


20.66 


9.66 


12.06 


7.33 


15.0 


7.66 


1 


20.00 


. . . 




7.00 


13.0 


8.00 in 


— 












Sweden 



Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 27, dementia pra;cox; three months pregnant, has gonorrhcea. 
father is insane ; her mother separated from her father si.x years ago. 
Case, age 16, two months pregnant. 



Her 



Middle Grade Sociopaths 



Clironological 
age. 



23 



Basal mental 
age. 



Total mental 
age. 



11.8 



.Vge began 
school. 



Ago loft 
school. 



12 



Grade. 

6 



Tabulation. 

Case, age 23, dementia pnecox; she has a .speech tici'ccl ^anle as her 
father: forced marriage, husband later deserted her. 



Low Grade Sociopaths 



Average chron- 
ological age. 



21.33 



Average basal 
mental ago. 



9.0 



Average total 
mental age. 

11.53 



Average age 
l)ogan school. 

6.40* 



.\verage ace 
left school. 

14.80 



.\verage grade. 



730 



Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 22, foreigner, never attended school: left lier two-weeks-old 
Ijaby on doorstep. 

Case, age 24, psychopathic; she has had two illegitimate children, aged, 
respectively, 6 years, and 4 months. She was age 18 when she had her first 
illegitimate child. She has been intimate with the father of her second child 
for three years. When he found out she was pregnant he admitted he was 
divorced and had four children. The father of case was a chronic alcoholic 
who died in the County Hospital. A maternal uncle of case was alcoholic 
and died on the street; his wife had had to leave him twelve j-ears previously. 

Case, age 24, dementia pra-cox hebephrenia; pregnant two and one-half 
months. Her sister has been in the Morals Court. The latter is a high grade 
sociopath plus dementia pra;cox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 28, dementia pricco.x hebephrenia. Siie was an illegitimate 
child, raised in an orphan asylum to the age of 12. She nrw has an illegitimate 
child seven months old. The rightful father of the child is a ne'er-do-well, 
the girl having a liaison with him, although she had been married to another, 
a decent, respectable man and a good provider, with whoni ^he was living. 

*School records on oiih- five ease.s. 



— 12: 



HIrIi Grade Borderland Morons and High Grade Morons 



P li li . ii i . 1 

49 20.53 8.69 11.18 41 7.09 13.95 44 6.00 

2 29.00 High grade moron plus dementia prcxco.x. 

19.00 High grade moron. 



51 



Tabulation of Cases. 



Case, age 23, dementia prrecox phis hystcriform accesses. Attempted suicide 
two weeks previous to examination; previously inmate Geneva Reform School. 

Ca.se, age 21; baby one month old. 

Case, age 25; baby eight days old. 

Case, age 18, psychopathic; the father of the case is a chronic alcoholic; 
she has a brother who has not worked in five years. 

Case, age 18, dementia prnscox, colored; has been living with man age 
26 for a year; he is father of her child. Was previously pregnant to him but 
had an abortion. He abuses her, striking her in the face. She cut him on 
face and hands with a knife, for which he had her arrested. She was previously 
in Morals Court, arrested in raid on disorderly house. Her mother had been 
married twice. 

Case, age 23, dementia priecox plus chronic alcoholism. Had been ar- 
rested three times in Alorals Court for soliciting. She learned to walk late. 

Case, age 16, dementia prcccox; was constantly hunting up men, running 
away from home several days at a time, out late at night. Has cretinoid 
brother. Imbecile and praecox. She was committed for a year as incorrigible. 
Maternal uncle killed in a fight; he had previously been arrested for fighting. 

Case, age 23, dementia praecox hebephrenia. Father of child, 27, joined 
troops; case and child, age 2 weeks, were placed in foundlings' home, girl 
deserted baby next day. She reached fifth grade in school. 

Case, age 29, dementia prn?cox hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholism, forced 
marriage. At age 12 she had to be put in Industrial Home by the Juvenile 
Court ; escaped, was put in another home until age 18. 

Case, age 35, dementia prrecox; child, age 7 months at time of examina- 
tion, when she made complaint. 

Case, age 24, pregnant tAvo and cne-half months, she has a large goiter. 
likewise her two sisters and her aunt. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic: reached third grade in school. 

Case, age 19; two-weeks-old baby. 

• Case, age 25, dementia pra;cox hebephrenia, pregnant three months, has 
lues. Attended school age 6 to 11, reached third grade. Father of her child 
a soldier. Her father was married three times, divorced once. Her mother 
died age 48 with a second stroke of apoplexy. This whole side of tlie family 
very psychopathic. A year and a half ago case suffered a nervous breakdown. 

Case, age 17, dementia prjecox; her sister suicided at age 22. 

Case, age 22, has nine-wceks-old babj-. Reached sixth grade in school. 

Case, age 20, dementia praecox katatonia and active lues, child infected. 
This is her second illcgitim.ate child. Committed by us. 

Case, age 17. pregnant six and a half months. Reached sixth grade in 
school. 

Case, age 20. dementia praecox hebephrenia ; pregnant four months ; school 
age 7 to 14, reached fifth grade. Charged young man with rape, examination 
disclosed the fact thnt she was four months pregnant, now wants a warrant 

— 128 — 



also for the father of the child whom she had been intimate with some time 
but doesn't know his last name nor address. 

Case, age 22, dementia praicox hebephrenia; foreigner, in United States 
4^ years. Father of baby came to see her once and gave her a dollar for the 
bab}'. Father of child has been arrested for larceny, served two months; 
changes his name frequently. 

Case, age 22, dementia praccox hebephrenia, foreigner, in United States 

3 years. 

Case, age 29, dementia pra;cox; married age 13; had one child died age 
two months of convulsions. Only lived with her husband in Europe two 
months when she left him and came to United States. Living with man here 
to whom she had had four illegitimate children, a girl age 5 years, a boy age 

4 years and twin girls 6 weeks old. The father of these children deserted her 

5 weeks ago. 

Case, age 19, dementia priecox hebephrenia. She attended school age 
8 to 14, reached fifth grade. Her child is three months old. She has a sister 
age 23, who tested exactly the same as she did. 

Case, age 22, dementia prsecox hebephrenia. Attended school age 7 to 
11, reached fourth grade. She has had three illegitimate children, and is now 
five months pregnant with the fourth. Her oldest child is age 5, and the 
youngest age one. She is now pregnant to a married man, he used to take 
whatever money she would earn, he eventually deserted his wife and children, 
and went to live with our case. His sister also lived with them. The girl's 
father, and one of her brothers were both alcoholic, both killed in diflferent 
saloon fights. The girl's mother was also a chronic alcoholic, and had served 
time in the House of Correction, she drifts from place to place. Case has 
another brother who is a rover. Case has a sister whose husband is now in 
the House of Correction for beating and abusing her, he is a chronic alcoholic. 

Case, age 21, dementia prgecox hebephrenia. Attended school age 7 to 14, 
reached sixth grade. Her baby, a girl, is age 7 months. Father of the child 
is an alcoholic, and a worthless type. 

Case, age 34, dementia praecox simplex. Attended school age 7 to 14, 
reached fifth grade. She married at age 19. husband beat and abused her. 
They separated, and he died four years later in an insane asylum. Since then 
she has had two illegitimate children by different fathers, both worthless types. 
Her oldest child is two years, and her youngest eight weeks. 

Middle Grade Morons 






gc « go g^ " g 

.. ^ ^ |e I |S |s I I 

22 20.59 im 9.69 18 7.72 13.50 15 4.40 



2i 



Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 21; has had two illegitimate children besides one abortion and 
again pregnant four months. Left school age 16, third grade. 

Case, age 20; child four months old. Father of child has been arrested 
five times for fighting. He would beat case; she left school ago 14, in tiiiril 
grade.' 

Case, age 27; has two illegitimate children, one age 3 years and one age 
3 months. 

Case, age 22, dementia priccox; left school age 16, fifth grade. When age 
15 she was plaintiff against boy in criminal court. When age 19 was pregnant 
but aborted, now pregnant six months. 

— 129 — 



Case, am- 10, prcKn.int cIkIu iM<>iitli>. I-'atlier of ca.sc cliionic alcuholii; 
and tuberciilar. 

Case, age 21, dementia pra-cox hebephrenia; she has two illegitimate 
children.' The first child is age 4 and feeble-minded. The father of present 
child is a boarder at her parents' home and is age 52. The girl's father is a 
chronic alcoholic. 

Case, age 21, five months pregnant. 

Case, age 22, three months pregnant. 

Case, age 15. cretinoid. 

Case, age 22, has two illegitimate children. 

Case, age 26. Began school age 7, stopped age 8, in first grade; mental 
age 9.6 years. 



Low Grade Morons 



a— o— £ »■§ ■ S P— S £ 

2= £c g £e ^ 22 ^ e 

§i= §1 s eg o SI c g 

.§= •<= X <"' X <: 55 -< 

7.07 8.29 11 7.18 10 13.60 7 3.71 

Low grade moron, in U. S. 4 years. 
Low grade moron, in U. S .5 years. 
Low grade moron plus dementia prsecox hebephrenia. 
Low grade moron, never attended school. 
Low grade moron. 



1 

c 
V. 


II 

5° 


13 


21.69 


5 


15.00 




25.00 




32.00 




26.00 




38.00 



18 



Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 26; now illegitimately pregnant third time. 

Case, age 38, widow; has seven children, eldest age 20. youngest age 6. 
Xow illegitimately pregnant. 

Case, age 26, has child three weeks old. She has been intimate with 
lather of her child 9 years. He is a chronic alcoholic and has married another 
girl. 

Case, age 22, has had two illegitimate cliildren; her father is a chronic 
alcoholic. 

Case, age 21. dementia praecox; left school age 13, third grade. Her 
mother was chronic alcoholic and is in insane asylum. The father of child is 
;i chronic alcoholic; the child is five months old. 

Case, age 27. active lues. Attended school two weeks; mental age 7.8 
years. 

Case, age 22. active lues; stepped school age 14, second grade; mental 
age 7.4 years. She had three illegitimate children by different boys, one child 
age 5, one died age 3, and present child age 3 weeks. She accused several men 
of being the father of her last child. 

Case, age 32, dementia prseco.x hebephrenia ; she was married once, husband 
dead eight years. She has one child by him which had convulsions ; she now has 
illegitimate child one year old. 

— 130 — 



High Grade Imbecile 





Chronological 


Basal mental 


Total mental 


Age began 


Age left 




No. cases. 


age. 


age. 


age. 


school. 


school. 


Grade. 


1 


23.0 


6.0 


6.6 


6.0 


10.0, 


1 



She was always in first grade in sciiool. Has bt-cn arrested twice for 
inimnrality. 

MALES 

We append an analysis of a few of the defendants found in this court. 
it is a fjuestion how far forced marriages should be encoiira.a:ed. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 18, fair average intelligence (basal mental age 11, total mental 
age 12.6) plus dementia prcccox; reached fourth year high school; has been in 
Juvenile Court; probation 18 months. 

Case, age 22, high grade borderland sociopath (basal mental age 9, total 
mental age 12.2) plus dementia pr?ecox plus chronic alcoholism. Began school 
age 6, quit age 17, in eighth grade. In Juvenile Court once stealing, comm tted 
Industrial School 18 months; later stole jewelry, committed to House of Cor- 
rection for 6 months. His father is chronic alcoholic and has been arrested 
three times, twice for drunkenness and once for fighting. He is very abusive 
to his wife and she threatens to leave him. Judge would not sanction marriage 
of this case. 

Case, age 21. F. Ha. High grade borderland moron (basal mental age 8.10, 
total mental age 11.4), plus dementia praecox katatonia (moral defect). Began 
school age 7, stopped age 16, seventh grade. He is a draft slacker. His mother has 
been in insane asylum for eight years. His father was a chronic alcoholic. See his- 
tory of girl, D. Ha., age 23, under average intelligence. 

Case, age 28, low grade sociopath (basal mental age 8, total mental age 11.2), 
plus psychopathic ; is under treatment for nervousness. Began school age 6. stopped 
age 16, reached seventh grade. 

Case, age 21, high grade moron (basal mental age 9, total mental age 11.0), 
plus dementia pra^cox ; began school age 12, stopped age 15, quit eighth grade. He is 
chronic masturbator. Girl is age 16 and feeble-minded. Has been in feeble-minded 
institution at intervals for three years. The boy's father was partly Spanish and part 
negro, mother negrcss. 

Case, S. Lo., age 21, middle grade moron (basal mental age 8, total mental age 
10.0), plus dementia pr?ecox hebephrenia. Concomitant alcoholism. He assumed 
role of defendant. See history of case. 

Case, age 18, low grade moron (basal mental age 8, total mental age 9.8), plus 
dementia pr,Tcox. Began school age 10, stopped ape 17, fifth grade. 



— 181 — 



OUTSIDE CRIMINAL BRANCHES 

There are 18 outside criminal branches of the Municipal Court, located 
in difTcrcnt parts of the city. The material coming to these different courts 
is <iuito homogeneous, the one differing very little from the other. The rases 
that now come to the specialized courts, the Boys, Morals and Domestic Rela- 
tions, were formerly tried in these police courts. 

During the period covered by the report there were 330 cases thoroughly 
examined from these branches, 223 males, 107 females. This represents a 
group of what might be considered selective cases, but to those familiar with 
the average run of material in these courts it will be seen to be quite rep- 
resentative. The following statistics compiled on the charges registered 
against these cases, covering a period of three years and embracing 330 de- 
fendants, is further confirmatory. 

These branches deal in large measure with the terminal stages of the 
cases from the Boys, Morals and Domestic Relations courts, society's human ship- 
wrecks. 

Since we have no regular system of identification in any of our courts for the 
recognition of repeaters, we are forced to depend on the admissions of the cases 
themselves in regard to their previous arrests, and as a consequence our statistics 
only approximate the amount of recidivism. Almost always where we are able to 
check up arrests they have been very much worse than admitted by the case. 

MALES 

Mental Diagnosis — Average Intelligence 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

23 27.74 9.61 12.33 

Psychopathy. 

Nineteen of this group were diagnosed dementia prsecox, one was com- 
plicated by chronic alcoholism and dementia paralytica, one by chronic alcohol- 
ism plus drug addiction, one by chronic alcoholism, one by drug addiction, 
one chronic alcoholism and sex pervert, one with moral defect, one case, 
age 24, dementia prsecox paranoides, chronic masturbator, one chronic alco- 
holism with moral defect. 

Three of the group of 23 cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 
two complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by drug addiction and chorea. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 22, dementia prascox, drug addict; has had in the neighborhood 
of 25 arrests, mostly for hold-ups, served two and one-half years in Pontiac 
Reformatory. 

Case, age 45, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism, dementia paralytica; 
has had seven arrests, mostly for chronic alcoholism and flipping trains; was 
in State Insane Asylum in Dunning for five months. 

Case, age 24, dementia prascox, chronic alcoholism; two arrests, one for 
indecent exposure, once not having license on auto; he is a chauffeur. 

Case, age 21, dementia prsecox plus chronic alcoholism, plus moral de- 
fect; had two arrests, once for drunkenness; forged thirteen checks, served 
term in House of Correction. 

— 133 — 



Case, age 30, dementia pr.-vcox; arrested for indecent exposure. 

Case, age 34, dementia pr^ccox; indecent liberties with a cliild. 

Case, age 28, dementia praccox; passing worthless check. 

Case, age 23, dementia pra;cox hebephrenia; obscene writing. 

Case, age 46, dementia pra^cox hebephrenia; two arrests, once disorderly 
conduct, once auto speeding. 

Case, age 31, dementia praecox paranoides; two arrests, one for larcency, 
once stealing jewelry, served one year in House of Correction, committed by 
us to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 37, dementia pra'cox, chronic alcoholism; obtaining money un- 
der false pretenses. 

Case, age 21, dementia praicox; has had three arrests; present arrest, he 
is a drug clerk and was selling whiskey without prescription. 

Case, age 38, dementia pr.-ccox hebephrenia plus drug addict (morphin- 
ist and cocainist); has had eighteen arrests that have been checked up, seven 
for burglary, eight for larceny, two for picking pockets, one for disorderly 
conduct; has served two terms in Pontiac Reformatory, once for five years, 
was committed twice to Chester Criminal Insane Asylum on burglary charges; 
spent three years in Mississippi Penitentiary, three in Wisconsin Penitentiary, 
two in Tennessee Penitentiary, one year in House of Correction, 6 months in 
Cook County Jail; as a boy charged with disorderly conduct, committed to 
Ontario Reform School for six months; spent eighteen months in Insane 
Asylum in Kentucky, two years in Insane Asylum in Fulton, was also in Insane 
Asylum at Dunning and also Elgin. Committed by us to Psychopathic Hos- 
pital. 

Case, age 22, dementia pra;cox plus drug addiction; has had 29 arrests, his 
arrests have been for burglary, hold-up, on suspicion, fighting and disorderly 
conduct; served two and a half years in Pontiac Reformatory. He was ar- 
rested in St. Joe by the federal authorities and 200 grains of cocaine found on 
him. There are fifteen charges against him on his present arrest; he stole 
an automobile and would answer advertisements in daily paper of those de- 
siring to buy automobiles. He would invite the prospective buj^er out for a 
demonstration of the car, run him to a lonely spot in the outskirts of the city 
and then hold him up. He was sentenced to an indefinite term on these 
charges. 

Case, age 17, dementia prsecox plus moral defect; arrested for committing 
blackmail. 

Case, age 18, dementia prrecox, chronic alcoholism, sex pervert; present 
arrest mother complainant, drinking and disorderly conduct, has had \\\it 
previous arrests on same charges. 

Case, age 26, dementia prajcox; present arrest, indecent exposure. 
Case, age 23, psychopatliic constitution, morphine and cocaine addict. 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

9 29.33 9.33 11.75 

Psychopaihy. 

Four were diagnosed dementia pr:ocox paranoides, one complicated by 
chronic alcoholism. 

Five of the group of 9 cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitutif^n, 
all of which were complicated by chronic alcoholism. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 34, dementia prrecox plus alcoholism; has had seven arrests, 
present arrest for vagrancy, previous arrests gambling, larceny, vagrancy: 
he has served a year in the Pontiac Reformatory, a term in the House 

— 133 — 



of C"orrci-li«iii. vv;is ••wl only ;i iiiMiitli wlim Nciilciiccil ;iK;iiii for six incjiitlis 
(•n v.-iKnincy oharno. Ili' had .studied- for tlic niinislr}', married, dcscrtcfi wife; 
she <Iivnri-e(l him four years after marriage. 

Case, awe 23, dementia pr.ecox paranoides; six arrests, three Juvenile, 
committed to St. Charles Reformatory twice, once for sixteen months, once 
ff)r a year; was also in Jolin Worthy School, also served term in House of 
Correction. 

Case, age 29, dementia j)r;ccox i)aranuides, chronic alcoholism; seven ar- 
rests; his mother had him arrested saying he was very dangerous, previous 
arrests hold-uj) on street car, drunkenness, etc. Has been in House of Cor- 
rection. His brother was shot and killed in a light. 

Case, age 55, psychopathic constitution; five arrests for drunkenness; he 
has had several terms in House of Correction, has had delirium tremens. 

Case, age 23, dementia pra-cox paranoides; three arrests, present arrest, 
stole brother's revolver, family were afraid of him, other arrests fighting and 
disorderly; was in State Hospital for Insane at Kankakee for 4 months; we 
committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 30, high grade borderland sociopath, has active lues. 

Case, age 30, dementia pra:cox, tertiary lues; has had four arrests, present 
arrest on suspicion of Inirglary, other arrests in pool room raids. 

Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution, chronic alcoholism; present ar- 
rest larceny, two previous arrests, one for larceny, one for disorderly conduct; 
served term in House of Correction. 

■Case, age 22. dementia pra.^cox, clironic mastnrbator. 

High Grade Sociopaths 

Mental Diagnosis. 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

11 25.36 8.91 11.47 

Psychopathy. 

Six of the group were diagnosed dementia pr.'ecox. one of which was 
complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by moral defect, one was effeminate. 
one sex pervert, pederast. 

Five of this group of 11 cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 
three were complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by drug addiction. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 18, dementia praecox, sex pervert; present arrest committing peder- 
asty on a boy. 

Case, age 18, psychopathic constitution ; arrested for attempting suicide. 

Case, age 24, dementia prsccox, moral defect ; he has had 20 arrests, all for 
larceny and disorderly conduct; served two terms in House of Correction, in an- 
other case his father paid his fine of $200. 

Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction ; he has had five 
arrests, present arrest non-support, four arrests peddling cocaine. 

Case, age 31, dementia prjecox paranoides; stole an overcoat worth $40 from 
a department store. 

Case, age 35, dementia praecox ; three arrests, present arrest burglary, one 
arrest disorderly conduct; served two years in Joliet for shooting his mother-in- 
law. 

Case, age 29, dementia prsecox, effeminate ; has had four arrests, two for dis- 
orderly conduct, two for vagrancy. 

Case, age 25, psychopathic constitution, chronic alcoholism ; present arrest 
adultery. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic constitution, chronic alcoholism; stole a bicycle. 

Case, age 31, high grade sociopath; arrested for speeding in auto. 

— 134 — 



Low Grade Sociopaths 
Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 
Cases. 


Average 
Chronological Age. 


Average 
Basal Mental Age. 


Average 
Total Mental Age. 


16 


29.06 


8.69 


11.66 



Psychopathy. 

Xiiie cases were diagnosed dementia priccu.x, three of these complicated 
by chronic alcoholism, one by drug- addiction, one was katat'mic, one had 
chronic gonorrhea. 

Seven of the group of 16 cases were diagnosed p.Nychi)i)alliic constitution, 
two of which were complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by drug addiction, 
one by epilepsy, one pulmonary phthisis. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 27, highly psychopathic, epileptic; arrested for raping a 2H-year-old 
child. 

Case, age 27, dementia pra:cox paranoides ; three arrests, present arrest in- 
sulting a woman, two previous arrests for same thing ; acted as sewing machine 
agent, would gain access to house and then make indecent proposals to women; 
we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 30, dementia pra^co.x hebephrenia, chronic alcoholism; three arrests, 
all for drunkenness, has had delirium tremens, served two sentences in House of 
Correction. 

Case, age 33, dementia prceco.x, chronic gonorrhea ; eight arrests, present arrest 
abusing his wife, the other seven have been for abusing wife and disorderly 
conduct. 

Case, age 19, psychopathic constitution, drug addict; arrested disorderly con- 
duct; was arrested in Juvenile Court for drug addiction, served six months in 
reformatory for same thing. He snuffs cocaine. 

Case, age 22, dementia prseco.x hyperbulia (katatonia) ; present arrest "Jack 
the Peeper," loitering around girls' toilet in school. 

Case, age 27, dementia precox paranoides plus chronic alcoholism ; arrested 
about thirty times on account of going on sprees, except once on suspicion; we 
committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Case, age 32, psychopathic constitution ; has had three arrests, present arrest 
contributing to delinquency of children, taking strange little girls to nickel shows, 
once as a strike breaker, once for driving a decrepit, sick horse. 

Case, age 35, dementia prcecox plus chronic alcoholism; has had four arrests 
for thefts. 

Case, age 28, dementia praecox, hereditary lues ; two arrests, both for indecent 
exposure. 

Case, age 21, dementia praecox; has had eight arrests, two of which were in 
Boys Court, present arrest larceny, four were for disorderly conduct, one of these 
and a robbery case being in Boys Court. 

Case, age 39, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism ; present arrest 
drunkenness and abiising his wife, two previous arrests same charge, served one 
term in House of Correction. 

Case, age 36, psychopathic constitution ; arrested for annoying a girl. 

Case, age 21, dementia pra;cox plus active lues; present arrest larceny, stole a 
handbag from neighbor, was in Boys Court for burglary, committed to Pontiac 
Reformatory, spent 26 nuiiiths tiicro. had l)ecn in Parental School twice, was in 
John Worthy twice. 

— 135 — 



High Grade Morons 
Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 

CnBCS. 


Average 
Clironologlcal Age. 


Average 
I?asal Mental Age. 


Average 
Total Mental Age. 


37 


26.84 


8.27 


10.99 



Psychopathy. 

Twenty ui the group were diagnosed dementia pritcox; four of which 
wore complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by pulmonary tuberculosis, one 
l)y drug addiction, one sc.k pervert. 

Two of the group of 37 cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 
two of which were complicated by alcoholism. 

Two of the group of 37 cases were epileptic. 

One of tiie group r)f 37 cases was senile dementia. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 22, dementia pra^cox, cocaine user; elaborately tattooed on breast and 
hand in form of snake. 

Case, age 21, dementia pr^ecox, chronic alcoholic; attempted suicide. 

Case, age 20, dementia pra^cox ; committed to feeble-minded institution. 

Case, age 24, dementia pra.xox ; present arrest enticing little girls into shrub- 
bery in park for immoral purposes. 

Case, age 38, dementia prrecox paranoides ; refuses to work, wife complainant. 

Case, age 17, dementia prrccox; four arrests, present arrest breaking off auto 
horn, another arrest ambushing some boys and beating them. 

Case, age 17, dementia pra'cox ; has had eight arrests, three of which were in 
Juvenile Court for stealing and truancy; served seven months in Parental School, 
his other arrests have been for stealing brass and attempting suicide. 

Case, age 40, dementia pra^cox, chronic alcoholic; present arrest for hold-up, 
two other arrests, one for hold-up, one for drunkenness ; has had delirium tremens 
several times. 

Case, age 29, dementia precox, chronic alcoholic ; has been arrested fifteen 
times, fourteen for larceny and one for burglary; put on probation recently, broke 
it within fourteen days. 

Case, age 16, dementia pra?cox, sex pervert. 

Case, age 39, present arrest for arson, he was a conductor and was discharged 
from the street railway company for keeping fares. 

Case, age 16, plaintiff in case against a Chinaman, Chinaman wanted to use 
him for immoral purposes, has had an arrest in Juvenile Court for shooting dice. 

Case, age 19, dementia prascox ; four arrests for running away from home. 

Case, age 25, present arrest stealing six drinking glasses. 
' Case, age 17, two arrests, both on suspicion. 

Case, age 40, dementia prwcox hebephrenia ; present arrest vagrancy. 

Case, age 33, psychopathic, chronic alcoholic ; present arrest for drinking, 
previous arrest trouble with mother-in-law, served one term in House of Correction. 

Case, age 17, two arrests for speeding. 

Case, age 24, dementia prsecox ; has had four arrests for robbery, stole his 
father's auto to commit some of the thefts. 

Case, age 67, senile dementia; has had eight arrests, they have been for carry- 
ing concealed weapon, peddling without license and disorderly conduct, served 
sentence in House of Correction. • 

Case, age 30, dementia prcTcox ; has had eight arrests for indecent exposure, 
in House of Correction six times, Dunning three years. 

_ Case, age 28, dementia praxox; has had two arrests, previous arrest posing as a 
police officer and second arrest for climbing elevated structure. 

— 136 — 



Case, age 37, dementia prrecox ; has had two arrests, present one for obtaining 
money under false pretense, previous one for disorderly conduct. 

Case, age 33, dementia prsecox paranoides plus chronic alcoholism plus epi- 
lepsy; has had three arrests, all for drunkenness, fighting and disorderly conduct. 

Case, age 21, epilepsy; two arrests, present arrest for indecent exposure, 
previous one for not working. 

Case, age 24, dementia prcxcox plus chronic alcoholism ; present arrest, tried to 
commit suicide. 

Case, age 32, dementia pra:cox ; arrested for vagrancy; twin. 

Remainder of cases disorderly conduct and not working. 

Middle Grade Morons 
Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 


Average 


Average 


Average 


Cases. 


Chronological Age. 


Basal Mental Age. 


Total Mental Age. 


18 


26.33 


8.0 


9.77 



Psychopathy. 

Seven of this group were diagnosed dementia pr.ecox. three of which 
were complicated by alcohoLism. 

Six of the group of 18 were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution, three 
of which were complicated by alcoholism, one by drug addiction. 

One of the group of 18 was diagnosed as epilepsy. 

One of the group of 18 was diagnosed as predementia paralytica. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic ; present arrest for robbery. 

Case, age 23, dementia prsecox; present arrest disorderly conduct, has had 
six previous arrests for begging, one Juvenile Court arrest for running away from 
home; has been in St. Charles sixteen months, served sentence in House of 
Correction. 

Case, age 32, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism ; has had two arrests for 
drinking. 

Case, age 26, epileptic; present arrest for drinking, one previous arrest for 
running away from home. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic, drug a^ddict; present arrest for using drugs, takes 
28 grains of morphine a day. 

Case, age 29; present arrest for attempting housebreaking. 

Case, age 19, dementia prxcox; six arrests, present one for burglary, three 
Juvenile Court arrests; has been in Parental School fifteen months, St. Charles two 
years, Pontiac twenty-one months. 

Case, age 17, dementia praecox ; has had five arrests, two of these in Juvenile 
Court for stealing, other arrests for burglary. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic, alcoholic, chronic masturbator ; present arrest "Jack 
the Peeper," caught several times peeping into windows. 

Case, age 47, preparalytic dementia; has had two arrests, present arrest, wife 
had him arrested for examination, previous arrest for stealing from Wells-Fargo 
Company; has served sentence in House of Correction. 

Case, age 27; two arrests, present one larceny, previous arrest for bumming 
and not working, has served sentence in House of Correction. 

Case, age 37, psychopathic ; has had three arrests for non-support, his was a 
forced marriage, he says his wife is a prostitute. 

Case, age 19, dementia p. a;cox ; three arrests for disorderly conduct. 

Case, age 45, dementia pra-cox, chronic alcoholic; has had 'four arrests, one 
when 15 years old for disorderly conduct, has been arrested since for burglary; has 
served about fourteen years in custodial institutions in Michigan City, Indiana, and 
in Illinois; married three times; we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 

— 137 — 



No. of 


Average 


Average 


Cases. 


Chronological Age. 


Basal Mental Age. 


6 


22.83 


6.0 



Case, age 36, (kniciUia pr.Tco.x, chronic alcoholic; has had three arrests for 
ilisordcrly conduct and quarreling with family, once for beating a horse he was 
driving and once for hitting and injuring his sister with a poker; has been in 
Hiinning two years. . 

Case, age 28, dementia prsccox, alcoholic; arrested three times, once for steal- 
ing a horse and wagon and others for theft, served sentence in House of Correction. 

Low Grade Morons 

Mental Diagnosis. 

Average 
Total Mental Age. 

8.1 

Psychopathy. 
One of this group was diagnosed dementia praeco.x. 

Two of this group were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one com- 
plicated hy alcoholism. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 21, psychopathic; present arrest disorderly, knocked a woman down. 

Case, age 26 ; never went to school except Pontiac. 

Case, age 17, dementia praecox ; present arrest larceny, previous arrest stealing 
brass, one Juvenile Court arrest. 

Case, age 18; sent to Lincoln; had lirst teotii when one year old, wet bed 
until age six. 

Case, age 28; has not worked in five years. 

Case, age 27, psychopathic, alcoholic ; arrested for drinking. 

Analysis of Intelligence and Psychopathy of a Group of 42 Cases, 16 Males 

and 26 Females 
Average Intelligence. 
Males. 
Case, age 27, dementia prrccox paranoides. 

Females. 
Case, adult, dementia prcecox katatonia with moral detect. 
Case, age 23, dementia prsecox plus moral defect. 
Case, age 14, physical, deaf. 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 

Males. 
Case, age 26. 

High Grade Sociopaths 

Males. 
. Case, age 20, dementia praecox. 

Case, age 25, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism plus active lues. 
Case, age 40, dementia praecox. 

Low Grade Sociopaths 

Males. 

Case, age 50, psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism. 
Case, age 29, highly psychopathic. 

Case, age 35, dementia pra?cox plus chronic alcoholism, delusions of infidelity, 
arteriosclerosis. 

Females. 
Case, age 23, psychopathic. 
Case, age 19. psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism. 

— 138 — 



High Grade Borderland Morons 

Males. 

Case, age 27, psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 58, presenile dementia ; we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 

Females. 
Case, age 31, dementia prsecox hebephrenia. 

High Grade Morons 

Males. 
Case, age 52, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
Case, age 27, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Fe>nales. 

Case, age 23, manic-depressive insanity (hypomania). 

Case, age 22, high grade moron. 

Case, age 43, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 47, phychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 36, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 27, phychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 22, phychopathic constitution. 

Middle Grade Morons 

Males. 
Case, age 38, psychopathic plus preparalytic dementia plus chronic alcoholism. 

Females. 

Case, age 24, middle grade moron. 

Case, age 62, presenile dementia. 

Case, age 67, presenile dementia. 

Case, age 28, bastardy complainant, si.x months pregnant. 

Low Grade Morons 

Males. 
Case, age 27, low grade moron. 
Case, age 22, low grade moron. 

Females. 
Case, age 37, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism. 
The following is a group of case.s with psycliopathic diagnoses. 

Males. 
Case, age 24, dementia pr;ecox katatonia. 
Case, age 28, dementia pncco.x katatonia. 
Case, age 30, dementia pnecox katatonia, also feeble-minded. 
Case, age 38, dementia pneco.x hebephrenia. 

Case, age 24, dementia pra^co.x katatonia plus chronic alcoholism. 
Case, age 48, dementia pr?eco.x paraiftides. 
Case, age 35, dementia pra-cox paranoides. 
Case, age adult, dementia prsecox paranoides. 
Case, age 40, dementia pra-cox plus chronic alcoholism. 
Case, age 50, dementia pracco.x plus moral defect plus sex pervert. 
Case, age 23, dementia pra?cox plus moral defect. 
Case, age 33, dementia pra-cox plus moral defect. 
Case, age 38, dementia prajcox plus chronic alcoholism. 
Case, age 48, dementia prseco.x plus chronic alcoholism. 

— 139 — 



Case, age 35, (Icmciitia jiracox plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 36, ficmcntia pracox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 35, dementia pr.xcox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 45, dementia pr.xcox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 31, dementia pr.xcox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 51, dementia pra;cox plus presenile dementia. 

Case, age 26. dementia pra^cox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 25, dementia pr.xcox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 24, dementia praxox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 23, dementia pra;cox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 28, dementia praccox hebephrenia. 

Case, age 24, dementia pr.xcox katatonia. 

Case, age 42, dementia pr.xcox plus chronic alcoholism, feeble-minded. 

Case, age 39, dementia prxcox plus chronic alcoholism, feeble-minded. 

Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia plus juvenile paresis. 

Case, age 19, dementia prxcox katatonia plus drug addict, confused mental 
state. 

Case, age 39, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 54, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 53, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 30, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 29, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 35, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 33, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 32. psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 45, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 45, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 30, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 33, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 55, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 24, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 42, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism, feeble-minded. 

Case, age 49, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

Case, age 36, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus delirium 
tremens. 

Case, age 50, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute ex- 
acerbation. 

Case, age 42, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute ex- 
acerbation. 

Case, age 42, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute ex- 
acerbation. 

Case, age 39, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus prepara- 
lytic dementia. 

Case, age 22, psychopathic constitution, simulator. 

Case, age 3S, psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia. 

Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution. 

Case, age 29, psychopathic constitution, hysterical. 

Case, age 26, psychopathic constitution, hysterical plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 19, psychopathic constitution plus drug addict. 

Case, age 68, psychopathic constitution plus drug addict. 

Case, age 34, epilepsy. 

Case, age 33, epilepsy. 

Case, age 36, epilepsy plus drug addict. 

Case, age 78, senile dementia. 

Case, age 41, physical, juror seeking exemption. 

Case, age 40, dementia pra^cox plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 68, dementia prxcox plus chronic alcoholism.' 

Case, age 22, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 49, dementia proecox plus chronic alcoholism. 

— 140 — 



Analysis of Psychopathy with Complications 
Males — 207 Cases 



Number 
Diagnosis. of Cases. Percentage. 

Dementia praecox 64 30.91 

Dementia prsccox plus chronic alcoholism 28 13.52 

Dementia precox plus chronic alcoholism plus dementia 

paralytica 1 0.48 

Dementia praccox plus chronic alcoholism plus arteriosclero- 
sis plus delusions of infidelity 1 0.48 

Dementia pr.xcox phis chronic alcoholism plus active lues.. 1 0.48 
Dementia pr?ccox plus chronic alcoholism plus moral defect 

plus chronic masturbator 1 0.48 

Dementia pra;co.x plus chronic alcoholism plus drug addic- 
tion 1 0.48 

Dementia pra-cox plus drug addiction 3 1.44 

Dementia prsecox plus drug addiction plus confused mental 

state 1 0.48 

Dementia praccox plus moral defect 5 2.41 

Dementia pra?cox plus sex pervert 4 1.92 

Dementia pnxcox plus moral defect plus sex pervert 1 0.48 

Dementia pr?ccox plus eflfeminate 1 0.48 

Dementia precox plus passive pederast 1 0.48 

Dementia precox plus chronic venereal disease 1 0.48 

Dementia praecox plus presenile dementia 1 0.48 

Dementia praccox plus juvenile paresis 1 0.48 

Dementia praecox plus tuberculosis 1 0.48 

Psychopathic constitution 26 12.56 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism 23 11. li 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
paralytic dementia 3 1.44 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus hys- 
teria 1 0.48 

Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism plus tuberculosis. 1 0.4S 
P.sychop:ithic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus de- 
lirium tremens 1 0.48 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute 

exacerbation 3 1.44 

Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction 5 2.41 

Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction plus chorea.. 1 0.48 

Psychopathic constitution plus epileptic 1 0.48 

Psychopathic constitution plus hysteria 1 0.48 

Psychopathic constitution plus simulator 1 0.48 

Psychopathic constitution plus tuberculosis 1 0.48 

Chronic alcoholism 11 5.31 

Kpilepsy 5 2.41 

Epilepsy plus drug addiction 1 0.48 

Presenile dementia 1 0.48 

Senile dementia 2 0.96 

Prcdementia paralytica 1 0-48 

Tuberculosis 1 0.48 



— 141 — 



School Records — Males 





1 


-0 

a 


•a 
2 


1 

in 


I 


• 








u 


O 


rt 


C 


B 

O 


1 

CO 




G 


•gj^ 


®^ 


o 


o 


O 


o 




to 






o 
o 


a 




O 




B 
<D 




^1 


a} 


■a 


u 

a 


<0 

-a 




^M 


.C.2 


s^S 


&S? 


JZt^ 




&^ 






Mo 


in u 


(UOiH 


■Oirt 




<^ 




Km 


:s^ 


Ss 


SS 




No. of cases 


23 


9 


11 


15 


35 


18 


5 


Average chronologi- 
















cal age 


27.74 


29.33 


25.36 


29.60 


26.71 


26.33 


22.5 


Average basal mental 
















aee 


9.61 


9.33 


8.91 


8.66 


8.37 


8.0 


6.2 


Average total mental 




age 


12.33 


11.75 


11.47 


11.67 


10.98 


9.77 


8.32 


Average age entered 
















school 


6.41 


6.0 


6.45 


6.26 


7.12 


7.11 


8.8 


Average age left 
















school 


15.19 


15.0 


15.0 


14.46 


14.88 


14.0 


15.0 


Average grade at- 
















tained 


8.0 


7.5 


6.2 


6.62 


6.0 


4.53 


3.0 



- H2 



Children: 



Defendants, Complaining Witnesses, or Children of Defendants 
Males 

Mental Diagnosis. 





c5 

ca 
u 

60 

o 

o 
a 

p 


bo 

C 
<u 

E 

m 

a 


c 
o 




o 
o 

o 




Remarks. 


I. 


9 


7 


8.2 








Dementia prsecox. 


11. 


9 

12 

9 


6 
8 
8 


9.2 

9.0 

10.0 










Ill 




IV. 


Dementia prsecox. 


V. 


9 


7 


7.4 








Pulmonary tuberculoses. 


VI. 


6 


5 


6.2 










VII. 


6 


6 


7.4 








Dementia prcecox katatonia; sex per- 
vert; 1st grade in school. 


\'III. 


7 


5 


6.2 








Feeble-minded; began school age 5 and 
is in 1st grade. 


IX. 


7 


5 


6.8 








Feeble-minded; began school age 5 
and is in 1st grade. 


X. 


15 


9-11 


12.6 








Fair average intelligence; dementia 
prsecox, moral defect, congenital 
lues; began school age C, now 1st 
year high. 


XI. 
XII. 


15 

14 


8 

8 


11.4 
10.8 


1 




o 


Low Grade Sociopath, dementia prse- 
cox, passive pederast; began school 
age 6, left age 14, 5th grade; uses 
vile language. 

High Grade Moron, dementia praecox. 


XIII. 


14 


8 


10.2 


6—14 


6 


Dementia prsecox. 


XIV. 


11 
10 


10 
8 


12.2 
10.0 


6- 

5- 


-11 

-10 


4 
4 




XV. 


Dementia praecox. 


XVI. 


9 
15 

9 
13 

9 


6 
4 

7 
8 

7 


9.2 
7.8 
7.4 
9.0 
8.2 


8- 
7- 

7- 


-15 

- 9 

- 9 


5 

sub-normal 
room 

sub-normal 
room 




XVII 




XVIII. 




XIX 




XX. 


Dementia praecox hebephrenia. 



Mental Diagnosis — Females 

Average Intelligence. 
No. of Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. 

I. 28.0 9 

II. 35.0 9 

III. 37.0 8 



Average. 33.33 



8.67 



Total Mental Age. 
12.4 
12.4 

11.8 

12.2 



143 — 



Psychopathy. 

Two of this group were diagnoscfl fl<nicntia prcccox, one of which was 
complicated by clironic alcoliolism. 

One of tiic group of three was diagnosed psychopathic constitution com- 
plicated with chronic alcoholism. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution, chronic alcoholism ; married twice, 
divorced 'first husband; deserted her second husband, and went to live with her 
divorced husband. 

Case, age 35, dementia pra^cox plus chronic alcoholism; arrested m fight with 
notorious thief. 

Case, age 37, dementia praecox, deaf; present arrest, disorderly conduct. 

High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

4 19.5 9.74 11.65 

Psychopathy. 
Three of this group were diagnosed dementia pra^cox; one of which was 
complicated by moral defect. 

One of group of four was highly psychopathic. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 18, highly psychopathic; had man in her room. 

Case, age 18, dementia prsecox, moral defect, speech defect (lisps) ; has had 
three arrests, present arrest stealing jewelry, two others as kleptomaniac in Juve- 
nile Court; twice in Juvenile Detention Home; attempted suicide with morphine 
a few days before present arrest ; she has been a somnambulist. 

Case, age 21, dementia praecox paranoides; hypersexual. 

Case, age 22, dementia praecox; shoplifting. 

High Grade Sociopaths 
Mental Diagnosis. 

Case. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

I. 19 9.0 . 12.4 

11. 20 9.0 12.2 

HI. 19 11.0 11.3 

3 Average. 19.3 9.7 11.9 

Psychopathy. 
One of group was diagnosed dementia praecox complicated by moral 
defect. 

One was diagnosed hysteria. 

Tabulation of Cases. 
Case, age 19, high grade sociopath ; complaining witness in rape case. 
Case, age 20, dementia praecox, moral defect ; arrested for larcenj\ 
Case, age 19, hysteria ; arrested for stealing clothes. 

Low Grade Sociopaths 

Mental Diagnosis. 
No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

4 29.5 8.5 11.4 

— 144 — 



Psychopathy. 

Two were diagnosed cases of dementia prajcox; one complicated by 
hysteriform attacks. 

Two of the group of four cases were diagnosed ps3'cliopatliic constitution; 
one complicated by absencen. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 34, psychopathic constitution ; arrested for contributing to delin- 
quency of her children. 

Case, age 37, dementia praecox ; white woman, forced marriage with a colored 
man; has a boy, age 11, a mulatto; was pregnant when married. 

Case, age 19, psychopathic constitution ; has absencen. 

Case, age 28, dementia pra:cox, hysteriform attacks. 

High Grade Morons 
Mental Diagnosis. 



No. of 


Average 


Average 


Average 


Cases. 


Chronological Age. 


Basal Mental Age. 


Total Mental Age. 


36 


23.80 


8.42 


10.95 



Psychopathy. 

Fourteen of the group of thirtj'-si.x cases were diagnosed dementia praecox, 
one of which was complicated by alcoholism, one bj' lues, one by venereal 
disease, one was cretinoid, two were highly sexed. 

Seven of the group of thirty-six cases were diagnosed psychopa.thic con- 
stitution, four of which were complicated by alcoholism; one had a bad case 
of psoriasis. 

One of the group of thirty-six cases w^as a case of pseudologia phantastica. 

One of the group was a case of manic-depressive insanity in the hypo-depressive 
state. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 19, psychopathic, speech defect ; present arrest, picked up on street, 
has had a Juvenile Court arrest; has been at Geneva and House of the Good 
Shepherd. 

Case, age 16, dementia pr?ccox ; was sent in from court for examination ; she 
had been in a hospital a year and a half ago for nervous prostration. 

Case, age 20, dementia prsecox ; surrendered herself to be sent to Geneva, 
having no place to go; she had spent three and a half years in Geneva, also two 
years in a house of refuge. 

Case, age 18, dementia praecox, lues; has been arrested three times, present 
arrest for breaking parole, previous arrests for disorderly conduct. 

Case, age 22, psychopathic, bad case of psoriasis ; soliciting, having men in her 
room. 

Case, age 20, has had three arrests, once in Juvenile Court ; has been at 
Geneva ; she ran away from Geneva the first time, became pregnant, had an illegiti- 
mate child, and was sent back; has had one other arrest. 

Case, age 20, dementia pra?cox ; has had two arrests, present arrest for dis- 
orderly conduct and previous one for soliciting ; her mother is insane. 

Case, age 48, manic-depressive insanity, hypodepressive stage ; has been in 
insane asylum before for seven years. 

Case, age 20, has had two arrests, both for disorderly conduct. 

Case, age 34, psychopathic, alcoholic; two arrests for disorderly conduct. 

Case, age 35, highly psychopathic ; arrested on complaint of her neighbors for 
quarreling. 

Case, age 19, present arrest beating her board bill. 

Remainder of cases arrested for disorcjerly conduct. 

— 145 — 



Middle Grade Morons 
Mental Diafiiiosis. 

No. of Average Average Average 

Caaos Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

11 25.45 7.91 9.47 

Psychopathy. 

l-".'iir «>f tliis group wcro diagnosed dementia pra-cox, two were complicated 

l)y alcoliolism, one of these has lues and one is epileptic; one was complicated by 

tubercular knee. 

Two of the group of 1 1 were diagnosed psychopathic constitution. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 19, present arrest pickpocket; she is three months pregnant illegiti- 
mately; has been in House of Good Shepherd and in Industrial Home for six years. 

Case, age 35, dementia prjecox ; alcoholic, epileptic; has notorious police 
record ; arrested four times, once for attempted murder. 

Case, age 21, two arrests for soliciting. 

Case, age 45, psychopathic; shop lifter. 

Case, age 19, dementia pra?cox, tubercular knee; arrested for soliciting; nine 
months illegitimately pregnant. 

Case, age 38, present arrest for adultery; has illegitimate child; has served 
sentence in House of Correction. 

Case, age 19, psychopathic; sent to Lincoln. 

Low Grade Morons 

Mental Diagnosis. 

No. of Average Average Average 

Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 

11 21.64 6.45 8.25 

Psychopathy. 

Two of this group were diagnosed as dementia praecox. 

Two of the group were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution, one of 

which was complicated by alcoholism. 

One case had hcmichorea eleven years. 

Tabulation of Cases. 

Case, age 21, four arrests for disorderly conduct; is illegitimately pregnant. 

Case, age 19, psychopathic ; illegitimately pregnant ; had abortion. 

Case, age 22, dementia praecox ; complainant in bastardy charge. 

Case, age 19, dementia praecox hebephrenia, venereal disease; has been in 
Geneva. 

Case, age 18, present arrest stealing a ring. 

Case, age 25, had illegitimate child a year ago and had hemichorea eleven 
years. 

' Case, age 19, committed to Lincoln. 

Remainder of cases were for disorderly conduct. 

The following is a group of cases with psj-chopathic diagnosis: 

Case, age 23, psychopathic constitution. 

Case, age adult, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus feeble- 
minded. 

Case, age 49. psychopathic constitution plus drug addict. 

Case, age 68, psychopathic constitution plus senile dementia. 

Case, age 54, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 

Case, age 37. psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia. 

Case, age 28. epilepsy. 

Case, age 24, dementia praecox plus moral defect. 

Case, age 25, dementia pr?ecox plus chronic alcoholism. 

— 146 — 



Analysis of Psychopathy, \vith Complications — Females, 74 Cases 



Number 

Diagnosis. of Cases. Percentage 

Dementia prsecox 16 21.62 

Dementia praecox, hysteriform accesses 1 1.35 

Dementia precox plus chronic alcoholism 5 6.75 

Dementia prsecox plus chronic alcoholism plus lues 1 1.35 

Dementia praecox plus lues 1 1.35 

Dementia praecox plus moral defect 5 6.75 

Dementia praecox plus highly sexed 2 2.70 

Dementia praecox plus venereal disease 1 1.35 

Dementia praecox plus epileptic 1 1.35 

Dementia praecox plus cretinoid 1 1.35 

Dementia praecox plus tubercular knee 1 1.35 

Dementia praecox plus left-sided spastic hemiplegia 1 1.35 

Psychopathic constitution 11 14.86 

Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism 13 17.56 

Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction 1 1.35 

Psychopathic constitution plus senile dementia 1 1.35 

Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia 1 1.35 

Psychopathic constitution plus absencen 1 1.35 

Psychopathic constitution plus bad case of psoriasis 1 1.35 

Epilepsy 1 1.35 

Presenile dementia 2 2.70 

Hysteria 1 1.35 

Manic-depressive insanity in the hypo-depressive state 1 1.35 

Manic-depressive insanity (hypomania) 1 1.35 

Hemichorea eleven years 1 1.35 

Low grade morons 2 2.70 



School Records — Females 















^ 


65 


t^ 








High Grade 




Low 


©■a- 


2o 


fll*^" 




Average 


Borderland 


Higli Grade 


Grade 




•§" 




Intelligence. 


Sociopaths. 


Sociopaths. 


Socio- 




o^ 




4.28% 


5.71% 


4.28% 


paths. 

2.85% 


"C c 














bcu 


■a u 




r 


~^. " ~ 


>\. 


r-^'' — N 


Si 


^S 


:i| 




r 


No. cases 


I. 1 II. 


III. 


I. II. 1 III. 1 IV. 


I. 1 II. 1 ni. 


I. 1 II. 


36 1 11 1 11 


Average chron- 
































ological age . . 


28.0 


35.0 


37.0 


18.0 


18.0 


22.0 


22.0 


19.0 


20.0 


19.0 


28.0 


34.0 


23.8 


25.45 


21.64 


Average basal 
































mental age . . 


9.0 


9.0 


8.0 


S.O 


10.0 


10.0 


11.0 


9.0 


9.0 


11.0 


S.O 


8.0 


8.42 


7.91 


6.45 


Average total 
































mental age . . 


12.4 


12.4 


11.8 


10.4 


12.0 


12.2 


12.0 


12.4 


12.2 


11.6 


11.4 


11.6 


10.95 


9.47 


8.25 


Average age 
































entered school 


7.0 


7.0 


7.0 


7.0 


6.0 


6.0 


6.0 


9.0 


7.0 


6.0 


6.0 


6.0 


6.67 


6.27 


8.1 


Average age 
































left school . . . 


14.0 


14.0 


11.0 


15.0 


14.0 


16.0 


18.0 


15.0 


12.0 


14.0 


17.0 


13.0 


14.58 


13.9 


14.33 


Average grade . 


8.01 4.0 
llnlre- 
1 land 


doesn't doesn't 
know know 


8.0 


10.0 


9.0 


10.0 


7.0 


6.0 


7.0 


5.0 


6.15 


4.8 


3.1 



— 147 — 



Cliildrcn: Defendants. Complaining Witnesses, or Children of Defendants 

Females 
Menial Diagnosis. 





9 

CI 


V 


bo 

•a 








6 
m 

U 


-S) 
o 

o 
c 
o 
u 
Si 
U 


a 

g 

-a 

m 

ClJ 


B 
<U 

6 
o 


o 
o 
si 
o 
m 




Remarks. 


T. 


6 


5 


6.2 






Feeble-minded plus dementia prsecox. 
Left-sided spastic hemiplegia; wets 
herself night and day, disobedient, 
strikes other children. 


II, 


16 


10 


11.2 


u 

c 


■M 


Feeble-minded plus dementia prsecox. 
Began school age 7, left age 14, 
reached 4th grade, was in subnormal 
room 4 years; was in Juvenile Court 
and Home for running away from 
home; present arrest in a flat with 
several men. 


III. 


15 


10 


12.0 


6—14 


6th grade; high grade borderland 
moron. 


IV. 

V. 
VI.(Col.) 


10 
6 
IS 


7 
4 
8 


8.2 

5.0 

10.0 


6-15 


Feeble-minded. Began school age 7, 
is in 2nd grade. 

Feeble-minded. 

6th grade. 


VII. 


11 


10 


11.3 


5- 


-11 


4th grade. 


VIII. 


14 


9 


11.0 


6—14 


6th grade. 



148 



CONCLUSION 

The foregoing material speaks in no uncertain terms for itself, all the 
more so in proportion to one's experience in this field reviewed in the light 
of such analysis as is presented here. For those less familiar with such material 
it is to be regretted that the space limitations and nature of sucli a report as 
this confine us to much condensation and omission of elaboration, which will only 
allow the stressing of the main features and will prohibit a working up of many 
other features which in their way are also significant. 

Our daily run of work since these statistics were cast up, which have had 
to be done by our limited force whenever we could snatch a few minutes, 
now and then, from the heavy daily run of examinations which are increasing 
as the days go by and the judges, prosecutors, probation and parole officers, 
social workers, and the public become better acquainted with the significance 
and usefulness of the laboratory, onlj^ goes to further demonstrate and con- 
firm such statistics in the most unequivocal manner, in the ever-increasing 
number of cases, the multiplication of results, not only on new cases but also 
on the old, cumulated as the period of observation lengthens. 

To refuse to profit by the insight into the conditions elucidated here, as well 
as to draw the inevitable logical conclusions immanent thereto, is to condemn all 
scientific and humanitarian progress in this and correlated fields to a standstill. 

Briefly summarized, some of the principal lessons to be learned from these 
studies are : 

I. That delinquency and defectiveness are practically synonymous, the prin- 
cipal forms of defectiveness being dementia praecox, psjxhopathic constitution 
and feeble-mindedness, alone or in various combinations, psychopath}' being the 
more active instigator, feeble-mindedness the more passive. 

II. That defectiveness is also practically at the bottom of most of our de- 
pendency, unemployability, alcoholism, asociability, wife desertion, etc. ; in fact, 
is synonymous with sociopathology, and is undoubtedly playing an important role 
in many other mental and physical diseases and accidents. 

III. That in the matter of sociopathy, psychopathy (heredity) is an intrinsic 
factor and environment an accessory factor. 

IV. At large defectives, socially, economically, industrially, in Army and 
Navj', are a heavy economic and social burden. In appropriate institutions, this 
burden is to a large degree eliminated. 

V. That annually, with statistical punctiliousness, there is a new quota of 
defectives thrown on the community, that will have to be reckoned with throughout 
their career. 

VI. That these cases run true to form, whether it be in school, business, or 
socially. 

— 149 — 



\ II. 'I'lial our laws, piiial inslilutiuns, and suciological efforts have all handled 
the i)roi)lem thus far oijjeclively, completely ignoring the subjective side, the 
individual himself, with only failure to record. Sociologically, hereafter, just as 
we have learned in medicine, we will have to "treat the case." 

VIII. That new laws and institutions conforming to scientific advance are 
demanded. 

IX. That all courts should have psychopathic laboratories at the service of 
both sides of a case. Cities should maintain laboratories, where school children 
and others may be examined and disposition advised. By recognizing defectives 
early, they can be committed to colonies and crime anticipated to the advantage of 
the individual and his family, as well as society. 

X. That universities should provide training along these lines in order that 
we may have enough properly trained and equipped experts to carry on the work 
and extend research in these fields. Brain laboratories are badly needed adjuncts. 
Medical and law students and students of sociology should have adequate instruc- 
tion along these lines. 

The following schemata partially summarize the .'statistics of the fore- 
going capitals and permit of a more ready survey of ilie material when thus 
thrown together. 



150 — 



SUMMARY OF MENTAL DIAGNOSIS AND SCHOOL RECORDS, 

ALL COURTS 



May 1, 1914 to April 30, 1917 
Males 









c 






(U 


0) 


<v 








o 


a 


^- 






■o 














o 


0) 


d 












c <u 

*J be 




bo 
rt 


2 
bo 


Mental level. 


Court. 


<u 


s^ — 


o'* 


a.=^ 


®2 










to 


bCcS 


to- 


be- 


bdo 


bo . 


bo 






o 


S.- 


rt £3 


2*^ 


rt m 


go 


f. 








<U bD 


<1) S 


V C 


<i> C 


i>2 


<u 






o 


> O 


> (U 


> <1> 


> 5 


>'S 


> 






^ 


<o 


-5;E 


<B 


<bO 


*»; m 


<<j 


Average Intelli- 


Boy.s Court 


166 


18.83 


1036 


12.58 


6.28 


14.93 


8.33 


gence 


















Average Intelli- 


Court of Domestic 


24 


35.05 


9.33 


12.21 


6.75 


13.65 


7.9 


gence and High 


Relations 
















Grade Border- 


















land Sociopaths 


















Average Intelli- 


Morals Court 


4 


29.50 


10.75 


12.75 


5.75 


16.00 


10.66 


gence 


















Average Intelli- 


Outside Criminal 
Branches 


23 


27.74 


9.61 


12.33 


6.41 


15.19 


8.00 














217Av.21.76 


10.17 


12.51 


6.33 


14.82 


8.29 



High Grade Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 

High Grade Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 

High Grade Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 

High Grade Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 



Boys Court 



Court of Domestic 
Relations 



Morals Court 



Outside Criminal 
Branches 



158 18.58 9.95 12.28 6.19 14.79 7.81 



See above 



None 



2933 9.33 11.75 6.00 15.00 7.50 



167 19.15 9.91 12.25 6.14 14.80 7.79 



— 151 

















*j 










c 
o 

u . 


1 


"3 


0) 
<0 


« 


4J 

1 








XX <o 




*^ . 


tc . 


bo 








"^ 


•O to 


■^ to 


rt-o 


d 


to 


Mental level. 


Court. 


0) 


'0 ^ 


fl." 


««« 


»;:i 


« 


c 










Wl-3 

f!5 




buy 


60 . 
21 










0) be 


<u c 


V c 


® C 


«9 


V 






o 


> o 


> <u 


> ® 


> § 


>•§ 


> 






Y. 


-<o 


<H 


<J|S 


<;S 


<; 7} 


< 


High Grade Socio- 


Boys Court 


101 


18.40 


9.90 


12.20 


6.10 


14.50 


7.40 


paths and Middle 


















Grade Socio- 


















paths 


















High Grade Socio- 


Court of Domestic 


13 


33.62 


8.77 


11.71 


6.40 


15.75 


7.44 


paths and Middle 


Relations 
















Grade Socio- 


















paths 


















High Grade Socio- 


Morals Court 


7 


25.28 


8.71 


12.08 


7.14 


15.43 


7.57 


paths 


















High Grade Socio- 


Outside Criminal 


11 


25.36 


8.91 


11.47 


6.45 


15.00 


6.20 


paths 


Branches 






























132 


18.80 


9.64 


12.08 


6.21 


14.71 


7.31 



Low Grade Socio- 
paths 

Low Grade Socio- 
paths 

Low Grade Socio- 
paths 

Low Grade Socio- 
paths 



Boys Court 



Court of Domestic 
Relations 

Morals Court 



Outside Criminal 
Branches 



133 18.80 9.50 12.06 6.20 14.70 7.20 

14 33.64 8.36 11.36 6.64 14.21 6.21 
13 23.38 9.23 11.30 6.60 14.08 7.54 

15 29.60 8.66 11.67 6.26 14.46 6.62 



175 21.25 9.31 11.91 6.27 14.59 6.90 



High Grade Bor- 
dei'land Morons 


Boys Court 


31 


18.68 


9.00 


11.80 


6.22 


14.06 


6.50 


High Grade Bor- 
derland Morons 


Court of Domestic 
Relations 


3 


33.33 


9.33 


11.73 


6.00 


14.00 


6.33 


High Grade Bor- 
derland Morons 


Morals Court 


4 


32.25 


8.75 


11.45 


6.25 


13.25 


4.75 


High Grade Bor- 
derland Morons 


Outside Criminal 
Branches 


None 
38 










13.71 






21.27 


8.97 


11.73 


6.20 


6.30 



— 152 — 

















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O oj 


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■>-> to 


d o 




to 


Mental level. 


Court. 


HI 

o 


<o^ 


a,« 


«« 


?° 


o 


® 






VI 


bCaJ 


rt-- 


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rt 








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o 






o 


> o 


> « 


>■ <^ 


^ 






Z 


<;o 


<^S 


<B 


•<J m 


< 



High Grade 
Morons 

High Grade 
Morons 

High Grade 
Morons 

High Grade 
Morons 



Boys Court 



Court of Domestic 
Relations 

Morals Court 



Outside Criminal 
Branches 



977 18.42 8.71 11.08 6.56 14.29 6.18 

37 32.84 8.44 10.93 6.83 13.74 5.35 

17 26.05 8.75 11.03 6.82 14.59 5.35 

35 26.71 8.37 10.98 7.12 14.88 6.00 

1,066 19.31 8.69 11.07 6.59 14.29 6.13 



Middle Grade 
Morons 

Middle Grade 
Morons 

Middle Grade 
Morons 

Middle Grade 
Morons 



Boys Court 



Court of Domestic 
Relations 

Morals Court 



Outside Criminal 
Branches 



304 18.37 7.84 9.69 6.96 13.90 4.86 

13 29.80 8.00 9.76 7.33 13.11 3.75 

13 27.69 7.53 9.76 7.90 13.27 4.54 

18 26.33 8.00 9.77 7.11 14.00 4.53 



348 19.50 7.84 9.70 7.02 13.85 4.79 



Low Grade Morons 
Low Grade Morons 
Low Grade Morons 
Low Grade Morons 



Boys Court 



Court of Domestic 
Relations 

Morals Court 



Outside Criminal 
Branches 



44 18.23 7.13 8.60 7.57 13.62 3.45 

None 

1 22.00 7.00 9.00 6.00 14.00 3.00 

5 22.50 6.20 8.32 8.80 15.00 3.00 



50 18.73 7.03 8.58 7.66 13.76 3.40 



153 — 



SUMMARY OF MENTAL DIAGNOSIS AND SCHOOL RECORDS, 

ALL COURTS 

May 1, 1914 to April 30, 1917 
Females 



Mental level. 


Court. 


m 

O) 

m 
a 
u 

6 

'4, 


c 

s . 

•ss. 

a 

<u to 
> o 


to 

^^ 

® c 


O QJ 


<0 
<0 

to . 


® 

tD 

© 

tD . 

n 


4J 
t 

to 

<a 
bo 

2 

> 

< 


Average Intelli- 
gence and High 
Grade Border- 
land Sociopaths 


Court of Domestic 
Relations 


16 


28.31 


9.75 


12.21 


6.50 


15.00 


8.60 


Average Intelli- 


Morals Court 


60 


25.22 


9.68 


12.37 


6.22 


15.17 


8.70 


gence 


















Average Intelli- 


Outside Criminal 
Branches 


3 


33.33 


8.66 


12.30 


7.00 


13.00 




gence 


79 


26.15 


9.65 


12.33 


6.31 


15.05 


8.68 


High Grade Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 


Court of Domestic 
Relations 


See 


above 












High Grade Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 


Morals Court 


29 


24.14 


9.86 


12.30 


6.17 


14.70 


7.45 


High Grade Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 


Outside Criminal 
Branches 


4 
33 


20.00 


9.75 


11.65 


6.25 


15.75 
14.82 


9.00 


23.43 


9.85 


12.22 


6.18 


7.64 


High and Middle 
Grade Socio- 
paths 


Court of Domestic 
Relations 


7 


28.20 


9.00 


11.79 


6.57 


13.86 


6.57 


High and Middle 
Grade Socio- 
paths 


Morals Court 


29 


25.03 


9.65 


12.08 


6.76 


14.55 


7.14 


High Grade Socio- 
paths 


Outside Criminal 
Branches 


3 
39 


19.30 


9.66 


12.06 


7.33 


13.66 
14.36 


7.66 


25.16 


9.53 


12.03 


6.77 


7.08 



— 154 



Mental level. 


Court. 


m 

41 

o 
6 


h 

Wo 

> o 
<o 


1 .' 

> Ji 


Average total 
mental age. 


<u 

« 

be . 

*^ 

bOo 


a. 


1 

to 

P 
bo 

> 

< 


Low Grade Socio- 
paths 


Court of Domestic 
Relations 


12 


29.25 


9.00 


11.73 


7.36 


13.72 


6.36 


Low Grade Socio- 
paths 


Morals Court 


47 


25.30 


8.87 


11.77 


6.04 


13.90 


6.74 


Low Grade Socio- 
paths 


Outside Criminal 
Branches 


2 
61 


36.00 


8.00 


11.50 


6.00 


15.00 
'13.90 


6.00 


26.22 


8.87 


11.75 


6.30 


6.64 


High Grade Bor- 
derland Morons 
and High Grade 
Morons 


Court of Domestic 
Relations 


61 


29.58 


8.74 


11.42 


7.02 


13.92 


5.80 


High Grade Bor- 
derland Morons 
and High Grade 
Morons 


Morals Court 


338 


24.99 


8.48 


10.90 


6.67 


14.50 


6.50 


High Grade Bor- 


Outside Criminal 
Branches 


36 
435 


23.80 


8.42 


10.95 
10.97 


6.67 


14.58 
14.42 


6.15 


and High Grade 
Morons 


25.53 


8.51 


6.72 


6.38 


Middle Grade 
Morons 


Court of Domestic 
Relations 


12 


30.78 


7.57 


9.50 


7.00 


13.50 


3.66 


Middle Grade 
Morons 


Morals Court 


73 


26.11 


7.71 


9.66 


7.17 


14.03 


4.76 


Middle Grade 

ATnrnriQ 


Outside Criminal 
Branches 


11 
96 


25.45 


7.91 


9.47 


6.27 


13.90 
13.95 


4.80 




26.50 


7.71 


9.62 


7.04 


4.63 


Low Grade Morons 


Court of Domestic 
Relations 


None 














Low Grade Morons 


Morals Court 


27 


27.20 


6.50 


8.50 


6.51 


13.32 


3.53 


Low Grade Morons 


Outside Criminal 
Branches 


11 
38 


21.64 


6.45 


8.25 


8.10 


14.33 
'l3.60 


3.10 




25.90 


6.48 


8.43 


6.96 


3.38 



— 155 



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— 156 



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157 



As lias hvvu saiil before, tlic girl delinquent is the female equivalent of 
the boy delinquent; there is a direct correlation between the two. It is homo- 
geneous delinquent material. The following comparison of the mental group- 
ings of the two illustrates the point clearly. 







High Grade 


High and Middle 






Average 


Borderland 


Grade 


Low Grade 




Intelligence. 


Sociopaths. 


Sociopaths. 


Sociopaths. 






i 






§ 






§ 






g 










s 


n 




& 


B 


d 


i& 


m 


« 


& 




1 


£ 

•g 


2 


1 


o 

•s 


a 
S 


u 


•s 


a 
S 


1 


S 

ft 












o 






o 


S; 




£ 


^ 


% 




Z 


■< 


6 


Z 


< 


Ph 


z 


-<1 


(U 


^ 


•«) 


0< 


Males: 


























Boys Court 


183 


18.83 


9.19 


177 


18.58 


8.88 


102 


18.40 


5.12 


138 


18.80 


6.% 


Females : 
















1 








Morals Court. . . 


70 


25.22 


10.20 


38 


24.14 


5.54 


44 


25.031 6.41 


46 


25.03 


6.70 





High Grade 










Borderland 










Morons and 


Middle Grade 


Low Grade 


Idiots and 




High Grade 


Morons. 


Morons. 


Imbeciles. 




Morons. 












§ 






s 






S 






§ » 














So 






So 




« s 




1 


a 


o 


1 


s 


03 


i 


s 


ed 


^ 


1 s 




o 




« 


u 




s 




s 


8 


u 


£ 


R 




o 


& 




5 


s 




o 






o 


s: 


!S 




z 


< 


h 


^ 


< 


b 


Z 


•«1 


£ 


z 


■o 


(U 


Males : 










1 














Boys Court 


1,082 


18.42 


54.32 


235 


18.37 11.80 


73 


18.23 


3.66 


2 


20.00 


0.1 


Morals Court.. . 


368 


25.53 


53.64 


87 


26.11 12.68 


32 


27.20 


4.66 


1 




0.14 



It will also be seen in comparing the chronological ages of both groups 
in the foregoing scheme that in spite of an advantage of approximately over 
six years chronologically on the side of the girls, yet the mental ages remain 
unchanged, thereby illustrating the important fact that the mental arrest is 
static in these cases. A comparison of the chronological ages with the various 
mental levels of the diflferent court groups also brings this out. The static mental 
level registers our intellectual capital throughout life and whatever we put into life 
or get out of it in this respect, presuming there is a corresponding complemental 
affectivity. will depend directly on this level. Whatever we do in life is an innate 
matter and is but an expression primarily of the above two factors, intelligence and 
aflfectivity. 

As a further confirmation of the homogeneity of this material we append 
a comparison of the school standing of both groups. 



— 158 





Average 
Intelligence. 


High Grade 
Borderland 
Sociopaths. 


High and Middle 

Grade 

Sociopaths. 


Low Grade 
Sociopaths. 






•§ 

E 
s, 

d 

< 


1 




No. cases. 
Average grade. 


1 


4 

I 

•< 


Males : 

Boys Court 

Females : 

Morals Court. . . 


166 8.33 
60 8.70 


158 
29 


7.81 
7.45 


101 7.40 

29 1 7.14 


133 
47 


7.20 
6.74 





High Grade 








Borderland 








Morons and 


Middle Grade 


Low Grade 




High Grade 


Morons. 


Morons. 




Morons. 










o 








» 






•a 




•o 




fl 










a 










a 




& 




b 




1 


s 


i 


3 


i 


S 




V 




o 






1.1 




o 




o 




o 


g 




» 


< 


^ 


< 


^ 


•< 


Alales: 














Boys Court 


1,008 


6.19 


304 


4.86 


44 


3.85 


Females : 














Morals Court. . . 


338 


6.50 


73 


4.76 


27 


3.50 



The following table shows a somewhat similar, though not so marked, 
homogeneity of the material seen between the females of the Domestic Rela- 
tions and outside courts. 







High Grade 


High and Middle 






Average 


Borderland 


Grade 


Low Grade 




Intelligence. 


Sociopaths. 


Sociopaths. 


Sociopaths. 








& 




i 


& 


a! 


i 


1 




§ 


1 

a 
8 




1 


1 


3 




& 


1 


i 


1 


8 


i 


§ 




o 


g 




o 


S 




o 






o 


s 






?. 1 < 


Ph 


5S 


•«! 


h 


A 


< 


cu 


'A 


< 


^4 


Females : 


1 




















Court of Domes- 


1 




















tic Relations. . 


9 28.31 4.47 


21 


28.31 


10.44 


8 


28.20 


3.98 


13 


29.25 


6.46 


Females : 






















Outside Crim- 


1 




















inal Branches 


3 133.33 4.17 


4 


20.00 


5.55 


3 


19.30 


4.17 


4 


36.00 


5.55 



159 





High Grade 

norderland 

Morons and 

High Grade 

Morons. 


Middle Grade 
Morons. 


Low Grade 
Morons. 




d 
55 


1 
1 


a 


i 

d 


% 

to 

2 

g 

< 


i 
1 


i 

1 


1 


i 

0) 


Females : 
Court of Domes- 
tic Relations.. 


99 


29.58 


49.25 


28 


30.78 


13.93 


21 


28.26 


10.44 


Outside Crim- 
inal Branches 


36 


23.80 


50.00 


11 


24.45 


15.28 


11 


21.64 


15.28 



In some instances it will be seen that the average total mental age of 
certain groups tends to run lower than the arbitrary boundaries set for such 
groups. This is due to the presence of many prsecox cases more or less out- 
spokenly katatonic, with marked resistance, negativism, etc., who in spite 
of excellent intelligence make a poorer showing on the Binet-Simon scale 
than their real intelligence would justify. We, however, for technical reasons, 
carry out the test and mark it with always the same uniformity, at the same 
time noting such disturbing factors. With these data and our other tests we 
are able to circumvent this imperfection of the Binet-Simon scale. It is only 
necessary to test an intelligent individual when he is more or less katatonic, 
resistant, negative, etc., and again when he is not, to see what a difference 
it makes in his scoring on the Binet-Simon and similar scales. Such scales 
likewise do not dififcrentiate between the amentia of feeble-mindedness, for 
instance, and the dementia of a paretic, though there may be all the difference 
in the world between the two conditions. The latter may have been an in- 
dividual of the highest attainments, but because of his disease, with its dementing 
processes, he would make a poorer and poorer showing on such scales, pari passu 
with the progress of the disease, and as far as quantitative scoring goes would 
make a showing corresponding to the various degrees of amentia of those who 
never had minds. There are also qualitative dififerences on the scale between 
these conditions that help to dififcrentiate them, all of which facts, among other 
indications, admonish us of the necessity that all those giving tests should be 
trained in their technique by psj'chopathologists. 

In this report we have only included cases of psychopathy when the 
symptoms were fairly outspoken. In future reports we will also include those 
diagnosed as dementia pra;cox simplex, or predementia praecox, or so-called latent 
dementia praecox. 

The conclusions that we draw from our daily intimate contact and study 
are briefly discussed in the following pages. Expressed in general terms, 
we are more and more convinced that psychopathy determines crime and 
intelligence defect the nature of it; by psychopathy we mean more especially 
psychopathic constitution, dementia pra;cox and pfropfhebephrenia, though 
paresis and much more rarely epilepsy also play a role in a small percentage 
of cases. "The Relation of Pfropfhebephrenia and Dementia Praecox to 
Crime" was discussed by us in a paper read at the annual meeting of Alienists 



— 160 — 



and Neurologists, in July, 1915, which appeared in the October number, 1915, 
of the Illinois Medical Journal. 

Feeble-mindedness is also responsible for a certain percentage of crime. 
The feeble-minded are easily led and they are more in the nature of passive 
criminals, in contrast to the prrccox, whom we may regard in the light of 
more active criminals ; that is, psychopathy more actively determines crime 
and feeblemindedness determines it more passively. Many of our prsecox boys 
and girls are repeated delinquents, which is not true to nearly the same extent 
of the feeble-minded, who are almost always activated by economic difficulties, 
or led by others. Those with combined defect are indeed bad off, the blind 
leading the blind. We are, therefore, able to predict that, with the exception 
of the lightest grade cases of dementia pr.Tcox and the higher grades of the 
feeble-minded who make up the occasional criminal, the others are all marked 
for failure. They cannot adjust themselves to a normal environment; their 
plight is just that much worse if they are both feeble-minded and prrecox. 
This of course is only true if they are thrown out on the world and placed 
on their own resources and responsibility. In a protected or semi-prDtected 
environment, depending on the degree of defect (there being many degrees 
and combinations), it may never come to the place where they get into the 
toils of the law, though we have known of the most highly respected per- 
sonages of the greatest talents and intellectual abilities who secretly carried 
on unmentionable practices (which symptom is very common with the prjecox) 
and questionable enterprises, but in one way or another have been able to 
circumvent the law. We have been able to follow the offspring in many 
instances of these men and women, and while a certain perc(.*nlage were not 
confined to asylums, but in many cases should have been, others were so bad 
that they spent most of their lives there. 

The dementia pra?cox question is one of the most portentous socially, 
economically and criminally, that civilization has to deal with. It is not only 
responsible for much of the work of the criminal branches of our courts, but 
also for a great deal of that in our civil branches. It is responsible for 
a goodly number of divorces; many of the divorcees coming before the 
courts of Conk County have already been in one of the specialized branches 
of the Municipal Court, chiefly the Domestic Relations Branch. We get 
numerous requests to go to other courts to testify in divorce and other civil 
cases on the results of examinations made on one or the other or both parties, 
in some instances on examinations made as much as three years previously. 
The dementia praecox querulans cases in the courts are becoming better known 
and oftener recognized. These individuals will start as high as twenty- 
five and even a hundred dififerent law suits, spending months and even years, 
squandering the savings of years of toil in trying to attain redress for imaginary 
wrongs and injustices. Lawyers are beginning to recognize them and con- 
scientious lawyers have had us examine their clients on several occasions. 
Praecox cases come into court for all sorts of warrants, from white slavery 
to breach of promise, but the judges, court attaches and prosecuting attorneys 
are beginning to recognize this type, and send them to the laboratory. When 
their suspicions are confirmed they turn the cases away and save the city and 
state considerable expense, to say nothing of the embarrassment and cost to 
the innocent victim. The Army and Navy have their hands full witli their 
praecox cases, not always recognized as such. Praecox cases are responsible for 
much of life's friction. 

— .161 — 



Our lai-KC |)liiI:iiillir()|)io foimdalioii;, .slwuild put tlie strongest men they can 
get to work on tliis problem, medical men who are thoroughly familiar with 
neurology, psychiatry and psychology, who have lived in institutions for the 
feeble-minded and insane, and are fitted to undertake such important work. 
The feeble-minded question is also important, though not nearly so much so 
as the pra-cox; they should be studied together as they have much in common 
and are so often found combined. 

The heredity studies of the laboratory demonstrate that sources of psycho- 
pathic constitution, dementia przecox and feeble-mindedness are practically 
always hereditary. This is the case even where we find feeble-mindedness 
which might be attributed to an injury or infection, for there is every reason 
to believe, unless the injury or infection was unusually severe, that the normal 
factors of safety were lacking in that particular nervous tissue. The causes 
of these momentous factors which we are finding from our studies to be at 
the bottom of all of the fundamental crimes, of dependency, alcoholism, deser- 
tion of wife and family, etc., should be investigated. It is not enough just to 
say it is hereditary. Research on the brain along these lines should be 
established. One of the prolific original hereditary sources in this country 
which we think makes itself felt to this day even, was the large percentage 
of delinquents deported to this country during the days of colonization. At 
that time thousands of such unfortunates were deported to America yearly; 
vagrants, ne'er-do-wells, women of the streets and boys and girls of the 
slums and alleys. The wretched history and failures of these unfortunates in try- 
ing to establisli themselves here and in convict colonies in other countries leads to 
but one conclusion, that then as now delinquency and defectiveness were synony- 
mous. Psychiatrists should examine all immigrants for the psj'choses and feeble- 
mindedness as there is every reason to believe that the percentage of immigrants 
with such heredity who have been unloaded upon this country is quite high. 

The question of nature versus nurture, of heredity versus environment, 
is still occupying the attention of numerous investigators. The work of the 
laboratory convinces us more and more that the hereditary constitutional 
make-up of the individual is intrinsic to the question of criminality, dependency, 
alcoholism, etc., and environment is only extrinsic. We have discussed this 
somewhat more fully than the limits of this report will allow us to do in an 
address on "Psychiatry and Sociology" given before the Alienists and Neu- 
rologists at their annual meeting, July, 1917, and published in the October, 
1917, number of The Journal of Sociologic Medicine. 

The environmentalists have made the same mistake as the law ; they have 
delved into everything of an objective nature, but have totally neglected the 
subjective side, the individual himself, the one that it is all about. The mass 
of detail, all of an objective nature, collected by many social organizations, is 
tremendous, representing year,s of labor and energy and large sums of money, 
but all to no avail. They can tell you how many saloons and poolrooms there 
are to a block, how many back rooms and how many front rooms. After the 
psychopathologist has examined a case, the environment and habits and 
possibilities can be much better predicted and approximated in all 'directions 
beyond anything that can compare with it by the objective method. 

One prominent social worker attributed practically all crime, dependency. 
family desertion, alcoholism, irregular employment, idleness and the like to 
low wages, suggesting as a panacea for all these, higher wages. There are 

— 162 — 



very lew, indeed, but would like U) see larger iiicuiiies assured to these un- 
fortunates, but first of all a conservator should be appointed, as every ex- 
perienced social worker knows how little such persons are able to manage 
their affairs with any prudence. There are whole groups of firms which prey 
on the mentallj' defective, gew-gaw houses, loan sharks, installment houses 
and others. Some exist more or less exclusively on them. Organizations and 
the professions are not entirely free of such conduct either. The defectives 
are exploited from every angle and under every guise and disguise. 

Such a scheme, however, if the findings of the laboratory are correct, will 
only take care of a small percentage of dependency and is more or less imprac- 
ticable, and it will not eliminate the other undesirable features. At most it 
can only eliminate a very small percentage of crime due exclusively to an 
economic cause in a defective individual; it will not eliminate that other large 
percentage which is due to dementia prxcox and feeblc-mindedness per se : 
it will not eliminate idleness, alcoholism^ etc. 

The debtors' prison, indigenous to England and transplanted to our soil, 
but now happily extinct, was a rendezvous for the feeble-minded and praecox. 
though unfortunately prototypes similarly inhuman have taken their place. 
Mental defectives furnish much of the material that goes to fill our daily 
papers. It would advance the cause of behavior psychology and sociopatho- 
logy very much if the papers would also publish the diagnoses. 

Environment is man-made, made by dominants for dominants, with little 
consideration for the recessives who are represented in the population numer- 
ically at about two per cent, but in the matter of cost in taxes at anj-wliere 
from twenty-five to fifty per cent, which only covers the public institutions for 
the insane and feeble-minded. It is hard to estimate their cost in indirect 
taxation such as the police and detective forces, courts, prisons, jails, reform- 
atories, the various eleemosynary institutions, etc. Then there is their waste 
and damage industrially and elsewhere, and the general friction and disorder 
and accidents for which they are responsible. Environment being man-made, 
by dominants for dominants, and consequently fitting them, gives them a 
relative degree of freedom which is denied the recessives on whom it exerts 
restrictions, whom it relatively determines. We have seen a comparative but 
an attenuated example of such dominancy in another field in the way of oppres- 
sions, exactions, proscriptions, inhibitions, etc.. before women became 
emancipated. It will now be interesting to see if the latter will reverse the 
rule and stoop down and extend the hand of help to others in a like predica- 
ment in another sphere, but many many times worse off and helpless, and try 
to bring light and understanding into their lives appropriate to their particular 
needs. 

We see the positive criminal element in the defectives when we study them 
in childhood, in their y(nmgest, tcnderest years. We are consulted almost 
daily by parents and guardians having children five or six years old who are 
incorrigible. They are typical prsecox children, some with intelligence defect, 
many without or only qualitatively present, cases whose mental arrest will 
set in much later. Many of these children are raised in the most favorable 
environment possible. Invariably there is an all-sufficient heredity to account 
for it. We will see these cases in the same household with brothers and 
sisters who, through the working of recessive and dominant heredity factors, 
may be normal and a blessing to their parents. Where both parents are 
defective, we find all the children defective We have seen adopted children 

— 163 — 



witli l)a(l luTodity raised amid tlic most desirable envirunmcnt turn out l^idly, 
raised as they are in many instances in tlic same surroundings alongside of 
children with good heredity who turned out well. No child should be adopted 
without first being certified to for it only leads in the end, in the vast majority 
of cases, to heartaches for the child as well as the foster parents. Adoption 
is a highly commendable practice where the children are normal. 

Mental defectiveness is hereditary and constitutional and consequently 
not amenable to our preachings, asylums, hospitals, reformatories and peniten- 
tiaries. Medicine is realizing more and more every day that her success lies 
in prevention more than cure. We have yet but few specifics, and of all 
refractory fields of treatment that of mental diseases is undoubtedly the worst. 
About twenty-five per cent of admissions to insane asylums are made up of 
paretics, all of whom die on an average within a year or a year and a half of 
admission. Sixty-five per cent of the inmates of insane asylums are dementia 
pra;cox cases, though the admission rate is much below this, which goes to 
show how few are paroled, to say nothing of cure. The balance are made 
up of senile dements, who are permanent custodial cases, manic-depressives 
who are in and out, epileptics, etc. 

The remarks of a recent writer in regard to medicine might equally well 
apply to law, namely, that it was "born in ignorance, nourished on super- 
stition, clotted with mysterious rites and ceremonies; medicine has had a hard 
task to free itself from hereditary and environmental influences." Psycho- 
logically a hopeless stage is prerequisite to a hopeful stage. It is always darkest 
just before the dawn and the day that was most hopeless for medicine, the daj- 
it realized its impotency before disease, was the day preventive medicine was 
born and medicine became a science and was given a firm footing and future. 

The same will be true of criminology. The day we recognize our limita- 
tions in the matter of eliminating crime by our present methods of locking the 
stable after the horse is stolen, so we too, like medicine, will face the true 
facts, drop our subterfuges and acknowledge our impotency in this direction, 
seek the truth and thus place criminology on a firm, scientific basis, assure 
healthy progress and attain "preventive delinquency." We use the latter word 
to emphasize the fact that while it is an inclusion of the law, intrinsically it 
is a matter of psychopathy. We must ever bear in mind that each year a new 
quota of defectives are born with statistical regularity, they pass through the 
hands of parents, then the pedagogues, the theologians, the physicians, the 
social workers, the employers, the courts, the prisons, and back on society, 
each one in turn passing them up to the next, and no one willing to acknowl- 
edge their impotency in the face of mental defectiveness. 

The older forensic psychiatry could not help but be in disrepute, for it 
was illogical and fundamentally wrong. Its aim was to find a man irresponsible 
and then set him free; to turn a man loose that they had just declared to be 
irresponsible. The idea was also to evade the alternative commitment to an 
asylum wherever possible. None the less absurd was the custom in an un- 
fortunately large percentage of instances, of a court of laymen trying the 
experts and their findings, each side laying itself out to be "smarter" than 
the other. In Illinois where the jury is judge of both fact and law, we hear 
constant protests against it, and with justice, from the bar. The latter should 
therefore bear more with the protests of the physician along the same lines. 

— 164 — 



Judge Scully, who was on the Municipal Court Judges' Coniniittce that 
assisted Chief Justice Olson in the establishment of the Psychopathic Labora- 
tory, and was the first judge of the Boys Court and the first in the court to 
work with the laboratory, clearly perceived the necessity for expert advice in 
matters of psychopathology and therefore, recognizing the incongruity of hav- 
ing a lay jury pass on cases of mental alienation, one of his first innovations 
after taking his seat as County Judge was to change this custom and select 
experts instead for this important work. P'ven in the simplest manual trades 
specialization is recognized and trades unions have a law that will not allow 
a man trained in one line to undertake work in another, which in nine cases 
out of ten he would bungle. The principle involved here is sound. Something 
similar will have to be evolved for the professions if men continue to seize 
positions to which they are not entitled, either by training or experience, 
bringing discredit not only on the profession but eventually on themselves. 

Modern psychiatry overcomes the first illogicality, previously mentioned, 
of the present "expert" system by recognizing that the very fact of declaring 
a man irresponsible automatically declares him to be in need of custodial care 
or, rarely, supervision, and in consequence we have the present movement for 
the right kind of institutions, such as farm colonies, to help advance this cause. 
The second objection is overcome by the continental method in which the 
expert examines the case and then renders a written report to the court. If 
the court is not satisfied with this report for any reason an examination by a 
second expert may be called for and if these disagree a third can be called 
on as final referee. In the hundreds of cases, however, in which I was either 
directly or indirectly interested, I only knew of two instances where a third 
referee had to be called upon. This procedure puts the expert on permanent 
record, it saves endless hours for all concerned and much expense, to say 
nothing of the furtherance of justice. It will be physically impossible for the 
director of a laboratory that is at all busy to hang around different courts 
waiting for a case to be called, perhaps in courts in various parts of the city. 
After the first batch was examined be would soon have no cases to report on, 
due to extended absences from the laboratory. 

The state is always financially able to engage experts, but the vast ma- 
jority of cases coming into our criminal courts, be their cause ever so just, be 
they ever so irresponsible and in need of hospital care, cannot afford the 
experts necessary to assure them justice. The psychopathic laboratory puts 
the rich and poor on an equality in securing justice along these lines, as well 
as furnishing medical examinations and certificates for the innumerable 
occasions in which they are called for in court. It is a great saving to the 
public as these resources are at the command of both sides equally. 

For the sake of justice such laboratories should be operated in connection 
with all court systems. The plan has many other advantages. It can settle 
the numerous medical questions constantly arising in the course of lawsuits, 
thereby expediting justice and preventing unnecessary delays and continuances. 
It can suggest treatment, hospitals, etc., advise the judge as to the status of 
mental cases, whether or not they are ready for commitment, and to commit 
those in need of it. We have committed as high as ten cases a day. The 
saving in cost of trials, life and property to the city on the cases committed 
by the laboratory each week cannot be reckoned in money — put it on such 
a basis, it is much more than the cost of the laboratory for a year. The 

— 165 — 



ljr«)cc(liire cf rciKkTiiiK wrUHii ifijnrls '>n ca-cs l)otli in the Municipal Court 
;ukI other courts is working very satisfactorily. It undoubtedly is the solution 
of the medical expert problem, and should be extended to other branches. It 
has worked satisfactorily on the Continent for years. 

The services of a physician arc daily in demand for first aid and emergency 
treatment in large court systems where thousands of people congregate daily 
luiilir the most trying of circumstances. 

Not the least of the many fields of usefulness of the psychopathological 
laboratory will be its contributions to legislation concerning human conduct 
and relationships. Such human laboratories are essentially necessary for 
intelligent data on which to base future social legislation. Medicine at one 
lime treated diseased individuals as the law does its criminals now, under an 
objective blanket scheme of cure, the fallacy of which was eventually dis- 
covered, just as we are discovering it in law, and the watchword became "treat 
the case," "treat the individual," which was the preliminary step to the adop- 
tion of "preventive medicine," just as it is leading in its turn to "preventive 
law," or preferably, "preventive delinquency." 

Many of the suggestions trought forth in this report may seem to be, 
or are, in conflict with our present laws but we want to go on record as having 
the highest respect for the law, and appreciation of its raison d'etre, especially 
where it is based on intelligent premises, even though it be not always perfect, 
so long as the bases on which it is founded are the last word obtainable on 
the subject. We think one of the big mistakes that is being propagated in the 
law, especially in the matter of what is known as forensic psychiatry, is that 
practically all the efforts of committees and individuals that have been working 
for betterment in this field have made the existing laws basic to their efforts 
as though they were the most scientific and advanced development in the 
various correlated sciences that underlj' them, as though they were the last 
word on the subject, the ultima Thulc, when as a matter of fact they are quite 
the contrary, and thus we see them striving and straining, twisting and turning, 
struggling to square up modern scientific knowledge with the archaic and 
obsolete encumbrances of spirit and tradition of the ancients, to bring the 
newer scientific knowledge into harmony with the old largely unscientific 
accumulation, as though men were made for laws and not the laws for men, 
as though they were above and beyond men and not of and for men. 

Whether it is in the organic world or the inorganic we are beginning to 
realize through costly experience that we cannot depose natural phenomena 
by our will, be it as forceful as you please. We have therefore proceeded in 
our investigations without the present law as our monitor, concerning our- 
selves principally with its basic problems. 

It was a naive turn of mind that led many of the old-time physicians to 
believe in medicine and more medicine, that if a small dose would do some 
good, larger doses would do good in proportion; scientific medicine, through 
research and the controlled experiment of the laborator}% shows that the 
underlying laws and principles are not so simple and convenient as such a 
principle would be. Intuitive thinking has its place, but attempting to reason 
by means of our feelings leads us often very far astray. Those of us who 
are anxious to improve the laws, who are doing laboratory experiment and 
research in this field, realize that it is not law and more law that is the 
solution of our problems, but that the principles involved are here too not so 

— 166 — 



I 



simple and require intelligent investigation and understanding for their formu- 
lation and promulgation. Our laws, customs, morals, etc., are but reflections of 
ourselves, — the mass. They make everything after their own image and likeness, 
not excepting the Omnipotence. The antidote to this is more play for science and 
specialization. 

No laws dealing with sociological affairs should be enacted by the legis- 
lature before they have been submitted, approved, or amended by a committee 
of paid experts, representing the fields of law, medicine, especially psycho- 
pathology, sociology, etc. Thus will much of our present difficulty in the 
matter of law, its inefficacy, etc., be anticipated. Social laws should be reviewed 
in the light of advancing knowledge in correlated and basic fields, and keep 
pace with it as often as is consistent with sufficient stability, thus will the 
scientific administration of justice be encouraged. 

After all, the problem is primarily and essentially a (juestion of psycho- 
pathology. The correlations between such a laboratory and the law will 
reach from the handling of the fundamental crimes to the making of laws 
concerning divorce, separation, bastardy, etc. It is only necessary to glance 
over our records to see the high percentage of our forced marriages in the 
bastardy (Domestic Relations) and Morals courts, that later reappear in 
court and eventually end in separation, desertion, and divorce, in man}- in- 
stances with a new generation started to keep the unholy work going. It is 
not a clear babbling brook that turns the crnirt mill, but a turgid, mad. muddy 
stream. 

The only practical solution we see at present for the treatment of these 
^ases after they are recognized is farm and industrial colonies, community 
centers in the country, as extensive as possible, built on the order of detention 
camps. Such colonics should be laid out in the order of a small model com- 
munity, with administration building, and cottages for the executives and 
inmates, with its industrial, farm, amusement, hospital, living and other sec- 
tions. The}' can l)e laid out and built up gradually by the inmates themselves 
after the first buildings are completed. This will be the home colon}'. The 
buildings should be hygienic and comfortable and built to have a life of from 
twenty to twenty-five years as experience shows that in the course of time 
most institutions have quite a community grow up about them, with a con- 
siderable enhancement in the value of the real estate, and with such buildings 
as we have described, when this time comes the property can be disposed of 
to good advantage by the state and a new colony grounded in another un- 
developed section where the land is in need of cleaning and draining, and can 
be obtained at a low price. 

There should also be portable colonies, which could be sent out to various parts 
of the state to redeem and cultivate land and construct roads, as well as carry 
on such forestry, agricultural and industrial development as will appear feasible as 
the colony plan develops. 

Psychiatrists should be consulted in every step of the laying out and 
planning of the grounds and buildings of such an internment camp. It must 
be under the direction of a psychiatrist and manned by psychiatrists, on account 
uf the nature and handling of the material that it will harbor. It should be 
arranged so that the unfortunates committed to it will be made just as happy 
and comfortable as it is possible to make them, and in this way commitments 
to such an institution will not be fought by friends and relatives of persons 
that should be sent there, but on the contrary, when the mental defectiveness 
<if their children and its invariable consequences arc made known to them, if 

— J67 — 



tlify arc not able to provide custodial care themselves, they will voluntarily 
commit tlicir children to such an institution. For the majority of cases it will 
nu-an for life, but there is a certain percentage of the higher grade cases that 
after a certain number of years might be examined by a board of psychiatrists 
to consider parole. They could be paroled first to families in the country or 
town, depending on the line of work they became most useful in while in the 
colony, and if worthy, eventually be given a full discharge. It is found that 
a certain number of cases, mostly lighter grades of prsecox, after they pass 
what is known as the Sturm und Drang period of life, the stress period, the 
period of inward and outward stress, anywhere between the ages of 18 and 40, 
settle down and become quite passive. The necessity for sterilization before 
parole will have to be considered, though the isolation of such defectives will 
eliminate the largest source of propagation of defectiveness with its con- 
comitant delinquency. 

In such colonies they wilt have economic wortli, while on the outside they 
are an economic burden. They are responsible for most of the accidents on 
land and sea, for wastage, loss, theft and bad morale. They are undependable, 
work irregularly, always changing employment, and they make up the bulk of 
the army of the unemployable. The colony proposition is logically a national 
one, but under our system of government it will have to be dealt with by 
the states. Such colonies will be provided with laboratories for brain and 
other research and will thus indirectly contribute much to the advancement of 
science and the benefit of society. 

There is a small but sufficiently numerous group, however, that will justify 
another line of treatment; this is the light borderland type who only occasion- 
ally succumb to delinquency, who might be redeemed to socio-economic use- 
fulness when encouraged and advised by properly trained social workers. It 
might be well where such individuals have no home of their own to provide 
appropriate quarters and dormitories for them, enlarging and utilizing the 
present social service centers for such a purpose. Paroled cases from the 
colonies could also be provided with quarters there while they were rehabilitat- 
ing themselves. A certain amount of so-called criminality will be eliminated 
through more intelligent regulation and control. 

Again we must reiterate in closing that all this change will not be ac- 
complished at once; it will have to be gradual. First we came to recognize 
mental defectiveness as a disease and disorder; then as exculpatory in 
delinquency: and now we arc beginning, pari passu with our advancing 
knowledge in psychopathology, to advance also in further recognizing and 
accustoming ourselves to the intimate positive correlation between psycho- 
p'athology and delinquency. It will only be a question of time until one of 
the great advantages psychopathology has over the law, namely, anticipation 
of crime, will come into its own. At present the law is constrained to wait 
until a crime has been committed, but psychopathology will recognize and 
isolate all potential criminals, mental defectives, before they enact their 
depredations. In fact, we are applying this principle now in committing such 
potential criminals daily to the feeble-minded institutions or insane asylums, 
thus anticipating much crime had they been handled in the old way. as well 
as furthering the cause of humanity. 

Constructive criticism is the keynote of progress. Such criticism as has 
been made in these pages has been offered in a friendly, constructive and 
cooperative spirit, and we hope it will be so regarded. It is offered from the 
standpoint of the psychopathologist. Psychopathology is so inherent to this 

— 168 — 



whole question tluit never once tlirougii tlie ages, through the earliest days 
of ecclesiastical and secular law, has it ever been entirely suppressed, but it 
is only now coming into its own. 

On account of the human interest involved and the appeal it. makes to 
the public whose interest we must arouse, we have tried to present this report 
in as popular form as is possible for a scientific subject, but at the cost of a 
certain amount of redundancy and circumlocution. One might just as well 
try to present a popular exposition of any other highly technical subject as 
on this. Psychopathology, like any other science, is highly technical and is 
daily growing more so. 

Since much of this report was written, the general attitude throughout 
this section of the country towards the psychopathic laboratory idea and | 
delinquent colonies has undergone such a change that much of the apologetic 
material might well be omitted but we have allowed it to stand for its possible 
influence on communities not yet so far advanced as ours. 

Our neurological, anthropometrical and other studies will have to be 
presented elsewhere because of lack of space, and their technical nature. Lack 
of space a'so forces us to omit the chapter on the hereditary studies. 

The laboratory is under manifold obligations to the numerous social 
workers and their organizations represented in the Municipal Court without 
whose ever-ready and cordial cooperation this report would never have been 
written. 

The history of the movement can never be written witiiout the names of 
Chief Justice Olson and Mrs. Marie K. Hickson at tlio top. Chief Justice 
Olson has fathered it from the beginning and preserved order on the outside 
and kept it alive and has been unsparing in his time and energy from its verj- 
inception. Mrs. Hickson, a volunteer for the first year, has kept order on the 
inside, standing the brunt of the heavy testing, training and standardizing 
other assistants, and preparing the statistics, all carried on under the heavy 
pressure of the daily work. She has mothered these unfortunate cases, thus 
making their hard lot somewhat easier. 

The laboratory sustained a severe loss in the death during the year of Dr. 
Mary O'Brien Porter, one of its ablest assistants, who was a volunteer at first 
for almost a year. We cannot be too grateful to our assistants in the labora- 
tory, the Misses Helen Ullerick and Barbara Preble, for their unselfish de- 
votion to the work which has to be carried on under the greatest pressure 
and strain of both the intellect and the emotions. Miss Preble has been added 
to the force since the statistics were cast up, but has assisted materially in 
the work on them. 

The laboratory is badly in need of a larger force and more space. .\ 
bailiff should also be assigned to it. It only needs time in which to assemble 
the absolutely convincing data that are passing through the courts daily to 
convince the most resistant of the necessity for farm colonies and preventive 
treatment for delinquency. In the meantime it will continue to carry on its 
practical assistance to the court and its weekly quota of commitments to the 
state institutions for the insane and feeble-minded and at least partially 
alleviate the seriousness of the situation, in anticipating much fundamental 
crime, not excluding homicide, by many of our numerous paranoid cases with 
such trends, and assisting the court in the numerous ways more or less out- 
lined in the previous pages. 

— 169 — 



APPENDIX 

In the chapter on i'sychopathology in the Introduction we have attempted in 
a very simple and terse manner to give some insight into the various abnormal 
psychological processes. 

In the following chapter we attempt to give a few examples of the behavior, 
the resultant of these various processes. 

lioth of the above phases were studied and developed more or less independ- 
ently of each other, and the study and findings of the one corroborate the study and 
lindings of the other. Brought together they illumine each other. In the chapter 
on psychopathology we see abnormal behavior reduced to its lower, psychological 
terms, the terms of the psychopathologist, while in the following chapter we pre- 
sent the obverse side of the picture in terms of behavior. 

The limits set to such a report as this prohibit anything like a complete pres- 
entation of any of the various features treated in it, permit of barely touching on 
some of the most salient points of this material and do not permit the thorough 
presentation and discussion of the following material, which contributes so richly 
for the elucidation of much of the problem, that it deserves. Partial discussions 
are not satisfactory. Much of the significance of the following material is quite 
obvious and will repay careful study for those interested in psychopathology. 

The examples given were selected at random and illustrate a few of the phases 
of our material which throughout is quite homogeneous. 

The number of examples of the performance or psychomotor tests, also of 
interest for our study of behavior psychologj^ and analysis, might also be consid- 
erably extended with advantage, even as numerous as they appear, if the space 
were available. 

The examples selected to be shown here are the visual memory tests from the 
Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale, used, however, not only as an intelligence test as 
originally proposed by them, but developed to a much wider field of usefulness, not 
only as test for intelligence {?er se but also for primary disturbances of the intelli- 
gence function as found in paresis, senile dementia, narcotism, such as alcoholism, 
morphinism, cocainism, etc. We have also extended its use in an equally wide and 
important field in the psychoses, such as various forms of dementia praecox, manic- 
depressive insanity, hysteria, etc. In fact, we have found the entire scale with proper 
modifications to lend itself as a most useful instrument for diagnostic and differential 
diagnostic purposes. It also lends itself as an aid in establishing the stadium of a 
disease or process. 

The modification adopted with the visual memory test was not only to evaluate 
it as an intelligence test, belonging to the ten-year-old group, but also to analyze the 
various additions, omissions, or transpositions, also relative position and size, as 
compared with example and with each other, evenness or irregularity of lines, 
methods of reproduction, general behavior, etc. Several repetitions of stimulus, in- 
cluding drawing design with example before subject, are secured. We have several 
similar tests which we give serially, and in this way bring out numerous additional 
sj-mptoms. Among the other visual memory or visual psychomotor tests of the 
series we include examples here of the H. Visual Memory and Ziehen Visual 
Memory tests. In the B.-S. and H. Visual Memory tests the example is exposed 
for ten seconds, after proper warming-up of the subject; in the Z. V. M. test the 
example is exposed for fifteen seconds and the case waits fifteen seconds before 

— 170 — 



attempting to reproduce it. The symbols test was invented not only to fill a 
similar position to the eleven-year old group as the square and diamond are to the 
B.-S. five and seven-year old groups respectively but also for its wide psychopathic 
usefulness. 

Performance tests, however, in any test scheme should be reduced to as few 
as possible, as cases in certain prsecox phases resent making even the slight efforts 
such tests generally call for. 



tn5- 




Fig. 1 — Binet-Simon Visual Memory Test. 



The technique used in the laboratorj- in the above, the B. S. Visual Memory 
Test (Binet-Simon) is to expose the drawing to the case for ten seconds, when he 
attempts to draw it from memory. This is repeated several times, and the case 
finally draws with the example constantly in front of him. This is usually followed 
by a second or third visual memory test similar to those following, such as the 
H. Visual Memory test and the Ziehen Visual Memory test. The technique is some- 
what modified in the latter, the exposure being fifteen seconds with a wait of fifteen 
seconds before the case begins to draw. 




Fig. 2 — H. Visual Memory Test. 




Fig. 3 — Ziehen Visual Memory Test. 
— 171 — 



Tlic tcclini(|uc used in tlie Symbol Test is similar to that used in the drawing of 
the .s(|uarc and tlie diamond in the five-year and seven-year group of tests of the 
Hinct-Simon scale, in whicli the case draws directly from the example and corre- 
sponds to the clcvcn-year group. 




I 



Fig. 4 — Symbols. 

Illustrations of a few of the Applications of the Diagnostic Tests Used in the 
Laboratory for Intelligence and Psychopathy 

The following examples have been selected because of their adaptability to 
simple illustration, patency and objectivity, which bring them, to a greater or 
lesser degree, within the general comprehension, and because they contain much 
that is new in concept or application, and while lacking the refinement and sharp- 
ness of many of our other tests, can yet be recommended by us after extended 
use as possessing an important field and extensive degree of usefulness. The 
same examples have been selected from this type of tests for demonstration 
throughout, thus allowing of better comparison. It is unfortunate that lack of 
space prevents us from illustrating the unusual positions on the paper selected by 
many of the cases demonstrated here. 

Their applicability for illiterates and those with language obstacles is quite 
obvious. Psychoanalysts no doubt will find them of some interest. In order to 
get proper results with these and similar tests a careful technique is imperative, 
especially in working witii hebephrenics, katatonics and other psychopaths. Even 
the effort they are called upon to make with these tests, unless carried on with 
proper teclinique, tends to aggravate the resistance and katatonia so prevalent in 
these cases. This is our criticism of many of the performance tests that have been 
proposed which call for extensive, even if not excessive, effort, since inertia may 
be one of the cardinal symptoms of the case's psychopathy. 

The matter of technique in the giving of tests such as the Binet-Simon, 
Rossolimo, Psychopathic, etc., has been too generally overlooked and we cannot 
emphasize this point too strongly. The finer the test the more depends on the 
technique. Anyone testing who is removed from a psychopathologist may find 
these tests of help. It should be borne in mind that in some of these tests where 
the intelligence is fairly good, we may have paranoides types, quite outspoken, 



172 



who, while betraying this feature do not show the bizarre characteristics so com- 
mon to many of the other combinations. 

In addition to the foregoing visual memory tests we also include a few illus- 
trations of some of the other performance tests used in the laboratory, such as 
the copying test and the letter test. The latter test consists in the task of answering 
the following advertisement from the daily paper, viz., "Wanted young man (young 
woman, man or woman as the case may be) to do general work. Apply in own 
handwriting with full particulars." 

The illustrations included here are from the Boys, Morals, and Domestic Rela- 
tions courts, and outside criminal branches. 

The cases from the Boys Court were referred to the laboratory by their 
Honors, Judges Thomas F. Scully, Harry P. Dolan, Samuel H. Trude, Edmund 
K. Jarecki, John A. Swanson, Joseph P. Rafferty, and John R. Newcomer ; by 
assistant city prosecuting attorneys, Messrs. Fred W. Kraft, Gerald Barry, and 
Henry J. Nicholson; and by the Social Service Department under Miss M. Fugate. 

Those from the Morals Court were referred by their Honors, Judges Charles 
N. Goodnow, Harry M. Fisher, Jacob H. Hopkins, Joseph Z. Uhlir, Edward T. 
Wade, Arnold Heap, Wells M. Cook, and Frank H. Graham ; City Prosecuting At- 
torney, Harry B. Miller; and assistant city prosecuting attorneys, H. C. Lust, 
George Emmecke, W. L. Meyer, Adolph J. Borgemeier, Harry W. Starr and Paul 
Holleb. Cases were also referred by the following court attaches. Miss Louise 
Ory, Mrs. Anna Smith, Miss Blumenthal, Mrs. Leopold Neuman, and Mrs. Aldrich. 

The cases from the Domestic Relations Branch were referred by their Honors, 
Judges Joseph Sabath, Oscar M. Torrison, Sheridan E. Fry, John Stelk, and John 
A. Mahoney ; by Assistant Prosecuting Attorney Michael L. Rosinia ; and also by 
Mr. John Gardner, Mrs. Julia McGuire, Miss Inderrieden and Mrs. Garside of the 
Social Service Department. 

Those from the outside criminal branches were referred by their Honors, 
Judges Harry Olson, Hosea W. Wells, John K. Prindiville, Patrick B. Flanagan, 
James C. Martin, John Courtney, John R. Caverly, Joseph La Buy, Dennis W. 
Sullivan, John J. Rooney, Hugh J. Kearns, and Howard Hayes. 

A very large proportion of the cases examined by us in the continental 
laboratories were referred by the prosecuting attorney, instigated by the appear- 
ance or behavior of the defendant, his previous record, the nature of the crime, etc. 
We have not progressed quite that far here as yet, though a beginning has been 
made. Mr. Lust had questionable complaining witnesses examined by the laboratory, 
thereby establishing a precedent, and thus anticipated all the expense, unpleasantness, 
etc., of a trial where the complaining witnesses turned out to be victims of their 
own mental aberration. Mrs. Kirk of the Social Service Department in the Morals 
Court, in spite of the strenuous protests of the prosecuting attorney anticipated a 
very prolonged, notorious, and expensive case that went to another county and 
was tried with a loss of the case to the state, where the complainant was a case 
of dementia pra?ecox paranoides, a victim of delusions, as we discovered from a 
laboratory investigation. This same individual is again involved in another un- 
savory, serious affair. 

The illustrations have been reduced almost one-half in the reproductions 



173 — 



PERFORMANCE TESTS— BOYS COURT. 

iCaee. fl./la'., npe P.O. male, elnple: high grade moron plus dementia prae- 
oox hebephrenia. Attended eohool ape 6 to 16, reached Eth grade. Wae 
In Juvenile Court, sentenced 60 days for robbery. Present arrest shot 
hie brother In a duel. He le the eon of cases T7.Jo., age 45, and W.£t. 
age BO, whoBo visual memory peyohopnthlo teste follow and are shown as 
a matter of psychological and hereditary Interest. They have another 
eon. '.?.£., oge 21. who has had the following arrests: 1) Juvenile 
Court, larceny and assault with deadly weapon, 2) caught In stolen au- 
tomobile. 3) he and another boy' caught with loaded revolvers. 4) rape, 
fifteen-year-old girl. 5) burglary, 6) charged with larceny, burglary 
and assault to kill, now in Pontlac Reformatory. Another son. '.7.A1., 
age 17: high grade moron plus dementia praecox hebephrenia; attended 
eohool age 7 to 13, reached 6th grade; was In Juvenile Court three 
times, served 16 months In St. Charles, wae also in Parental Home and " 
the Chicago School for Boye for 3 months; arreeted in Boys Court carry- 
ing concealed weapons; present arrest etealing_braB.e_frora xailroad. 




i B-S.V. M. Copi ed from ca rd. 



n 



E.T.M. yirat exposnra. 10". 




H.V.V. Second consecutive exposure, 10". 





V.V.H. Copied frorr. card. 

— 174 — 




Son.. ' - ^ ^ 







, FVrtj BUUoni. Tiro Ym™. 
/Th« vcnirij opinion at th^( 
/It that tho Aral two year« of tho imV 
/ will COS. ih, l-ni,,^ 5,,„, ,^ j^^ 
Mlthbortiooa ol no.MO.Mo.CM. On 
top of tho Bpprorulatlona of 119 000 
MO.DOO for U,, ••„ ,1,1. ,„, j„„, ^ 
irmatrt of IIJ.OOO.OM.OOO for wa, put- 
tow, n.at rear, a total of DUOOOOOO. 
CM. and II u not unllkfly that th. 
othar l,.0O«.oo..0O0 .III ba ranulr«| by 
unrcrtse«n dev«)opmwiu. 

Economy on non««a«nU&l« of g; 
ommtnt and ftlTkJra thst tin •ttmii 
.llth.co„m.tl.ov,r. .Uhiiu,.,.,. 
pandliuro. for ll,r army. navy. Min- 
pint board, and oihri- br.ncl.«a of var 

N-TOrl,. .„. r,H.c« |„ ,*. „„ 
f tcvarftrarnt •ii>»ndliur--i f„r 
sri.ir.f (lacal yaaf, 

"■ •■— -' II BII11<-. 



— 175 — 



Caoe, W.i;t.. ago 50. male: high grade moron plue chronic alcoholiem. 
ThlB case was ineerted as of hereditary interest. He is the hueband 
of case W.Jo., age 45, and father of case '".Wa., age 20. 



^ 





B-b.V.M. First exposure, 10 



r — UJ 





B-S.V.II. Second consecutive exposure, 10"^ 





3-S.V.l:. Third consecutive exposure, 10'".. 





B,S^V.U. Copied from card. 



176 — 





p. v."'. Second consecuti 



■^e cxpos7)re 



10' 




R.V.M. Third consecutive e>:T)0?ure. 10' 




U;.. . 



H.V.M. Copied frozn cnrd, 




17" 



r»B« W Jo H^e It. letnale: middle grede raoron plus dement Upraecor 
.rb:phr;nu: "^MB^onae wna inserted as of ^jereditary ntereet. She 
IB the mother of caee In the Boye Court. W.Wa.. age ^u. 




B-S.V.X. Third 



consecutive ey.posure 



. 10' 



— 178 — 




F.V.M. Plret exposure, 10 



170 — 



Vj oj^ (k^ f^'^^y ^ 




Firet copy v.i1.h card 




1 80 



Case, E.Fr., age 19. male: middle grade moron pliis dezentie pruecox 
hebephrenia. Arrested for begging. 



^:'c'c^ 




E_S.V.M. Firet expoeure, 10' 



B-3.V.M. Second coneecutive enoosure, 10' 



B-i5.V.K. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 





B-S.V.M. Fourth (.'onaecutiTe exT50fciure. lu' 



n 'n 




S.i.V.K. Fifth congccutive expoEure. 10". 

— 181 — 




-V . . H' 



B-i.V.;<. Copied from cord. 






2.V.M. First exposure, 16"/lf"' 






. V.M. Second consecutive exposure, If/Xb" 




V.M. ?hlr-l conEccutiTe exposure, 15"/1^"- 



y^. w ^■ 







Z.V.M. CoT>i»4 from card. 






]82 — 



uase D.Ja. age 17. .-nalo. single; middle grade moron f9.fi) plus 
4ementln praeoo- hebephrenia fpfropfhcbephrenia). 




B-S.V.M. Copic'l from curd. 





.V.;.:. First cxDOSure. 10", 

n 




H.V.y. Eccond conreoi:tlve cxpoEure, 10" 





H.V.jf. Cooled froci card 
— 18»- 




Coae. D,Da., age 48, male, married, father of Ii.Ja,, age 17: low 
grade sociopath plue dementia praecox hebephrenia pluc moderate 
degree chronic nlcohollBm. Teet Inserted for hereditary interest 





B-S.V.M. First ejpoEure. IQ- 




V.::. Second coneecutive exposure. 10". 





■D-^.V.i:. Third consecutive exnosure, 10 




2-S.V,i:. Fourth 



consecutive exposure. 10' 





•S.V.U. Copied fro-n card. 

— 184 — 





E.V.IvI, ?irst exposure, 10 'V 




y^^K 





p.V.?.^ Copied from card. 



185 — 



Cucc. S.JO., nse 19. ™»''«- ^^K^^ ''■•"^'' "'°''*'" ''^"^ flcnenlla nn.ec* 
hntntonlo. 



:(• ri P 



E-S.V.M. Firtl cxrjoiuro. lo". 




B-S.V.M. Copiel : row card. 



H.V.M. Second cor.::eci:t Ive exposure. 10 




"...v. ylff- cor.s-ect^t ive r.rnosxiTo , 10". 




H.V.V. fiTth oo::teci.: 



. -.0 exposure , 10' 
— 187 - 




c 



Copied from card. 




JQui^'MAy 



^, 



J^ /7^^ ^-^^yX^ 



^^M^L^ 




^^ 



rtxt^-u-< 












BY ARTHUR SBARS HENNINQ 

W..hln»lt>n, D. c, Jan. 17— tSp» 
cta:.J— As ^ icault ol |*i<-6Menl w,! 

• JiV* fi*tlur© to b«olt up t.bi «pialolAry 
•:oAiaiid9. th* rnll«d Stam 1« aub 

• cn-ltijl to tll« dici-\t«j of Cio..t ^rit 
•l\ the mlatrtM of ih« ku. 

P^iiMiiT-c OH th« «-;^^>..-.^. . 



188 — 



O'ace, E.Ar., &g« 18, male, single: high grade noron plus der.entla 
praeoox. Attended school age 4 to 14, reached eixth grade. 



B-S.V.'.!. First expoeure. 10' 






B-i;.V.M. Second oonseoutlTe exposure, 10", 




B-S.V.l.!. Third consecutive exposure, 10". 





B-5;.V.i;. Fourth coneeeutiTe exposure, 10". 






0. S.V.I'.. Klfth coneeoutive exposure, 10". 

— ISO — 



4-" 






P-S.V.M. Copied from o«t4. 






h.<ru/ 






— 190 



Case, C.Bu.. age 19. male, single: middle grade moron plus psycho- 
pathic plus alcoholisra. Mever attended echool. illiterate: four 
months ago arrested for cutting up another boy, placed on nrobatio: 
for a year; two months ago arrested on suspicion; present arrest 
charged v.'ith nurder for shooting and hilling a nan, found guilty 
sent to Joliet for life. 





B-S.V.M. First expo5?ure, ic 



0", 





P-S.V.V. Second consecutive exDOfure, 10' 





P-S.V".?.f. Third concecutii-e exposure. 10". 





B-o.V.y. Copied from card, 



I5^(ff 



' ,t-^ 



^^ 






jyi 






Cauo. I!. Jo., upc 17, mule, clngle: high gratte moron pluc dementia 
pruccox hebephrenia f pf ropfhcbephrenla) . Arrested carrying a gun 
ond notlnc cuoploloucl.v. 



t 



B-S.V.M. r'irst e:rposure, 10" 



T^ 



E-t.V.M. Second coneecutive exposure. 10". 



7\ 




B-d.V.K. Third consecutive exposure, 10" 




u 



V.Y. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10" 




T-l__p 



E-S.V.'U, Fifth consecutive exposure, 10". 
— 19^ — 





E-E.V..V. iiixth consecutive eyposvr.-e , 10' 



T^LP 




-S.V.M. Seventh consecuti 



re expoGure, 10". 



tm 



E-S.V.M. Copied from card, 




(U-^-^^^ JUv 






!>U' 



^<t i\. 



— 198 



Case, J..'l., age Zl, mule, Llngle: high grodc noron plus dementia 
praecox hobephronlu. Attended school ago 6 to 15, reached elxth 
grade; present orroet llvlnp with D.El., ago 19, who hue deticrted 
her husband Boverol tlraec, -ith •.vhom che had a forced carriage, he 
being charged .vlth rape; oho attended Echool ago 6 to 1£ , reached 
slith grade; uhc Ic u high grade borderland raoron pluc dencntla 
praecox hobephrcnlo. Hor father woe about the eanc t;pe. hae been 
orroetod; hlE deter 1e single, hue had two illegitlnutc children 
by different fothcrs; another elEter ic ineane. llother of D.El. is 
ttlEO the cane type, had an illcgitimoto child before narriagc; one 
of hor brothers, age 16, reached the sixth grode, has already had 
t7;o arroEto. Her illegitimate brother has had several arreEtt. and 
sontencee for stealing. 




e e^iioEure. 10" 



Case, C.?l., male, are ly-. hiph grode noron (10.6/ pltii denienl a oree- 
cox hebephrenia ( pf ropfhebephrenla) . Attended echool are 6 .to i"* 
reached third prode ; wne In Juvenile Court 4 tlPiOE. eerved IH mont'c 
In t.t. Charles, nuraeroue arreete In the Boye Court. F'-ther ?rench. 
B?e 47. In United ttnteE 30 years, ccparated iron vrlfe. "other, afc 
49, American. Ineane for a nupber of yearr : xne in £tnte Insane Asy- 
lum for fl\'e years. Caee has 1 brother In a custodial echool. another 
brother ape JO ie now in the House of Correction, hne hod ?> arrests, 
served 18 months In St. Charles. Then caee stos arrcs; ed this tine he 
had a gun. flashlight. "Jlranle." and some stolen Jewelry in his^os- 
aesElon; he has a recent bullet wound In hie leg. sa.ve he shot him- 
self accidentally a week ago r;ith a 38-calibre revolver. 



Ci 




r 



rlret exnoEure . 10" 







-i.V.;.;. Second consecutive exposure, 10 



P^ 



B-£.V.;.;. Third consecutive ernosure, 10" 





3-6. V.!.'. Copied from card. 




H.V.i;. ?irst exposure. 10". 




— 1^5 





H.V.M. Secont! coneecutlvn exDOBure. 10" 




■honly Ttyoi. ir.iy 0*m.' of n«utr«»trj 

— l!lt) — 



Caec, N.Ch., age 18, nale, single: low grade sociopath plus der^ertlft 
praecox hebephrenia plus juvenile paresis. ?ather vras a quarrel- 
some, high-tonpertfd chronic alcoholic, whD boat and abused his rife 
and "had delueions of infidelity; she finally had to divorce him. Twr 
brothers both chronic alcoholics. I'other age 49. high grade moron, 
schizophrenic; school age 5 to 14, reached sixth grade; she h«e 
arcus senilis and arterioscleroele. 




First exposure. 10". 




B-S.Y.U. Second consecutive ernosure. 10". 




E-S.V.I.'. Third consecutive exposure, 10". \,/^ 





B-S.V.M. ?oi:rth consecutive expoeure. 10" 





B-3.V.M. Fifth consecutive expoepre. 10" 
— 197 — 




/ — \ 



u. 




3.V.V. rire*. orposure. 10", 





R.V.V. Copied rron card. 



jJ-^i-m^ ^/ - '9y / 









C— ^ 



_^^_^^J(jLj .^^^-'t-L'cXtJt-n. ^^ yC&^i---^^^ ...^-^^ ^--^iJl^^l^ ,^^^''i?^-th-^ ^ 



yl^u-z^ 






/'.' .«-'7'-<:i 



t^-; 



19& — 



Case, G.Le.. ape 18, nale: middle grade noron pluE dencntia praecor 
einplex. Present arrest attempting to brealc int^ a store with 
another boy at 3 a.m. 




B-S.V 



,y. Second consecutive expoE-ure, U' 




P-S.V.M. Third consecutire exposure, 10' 




«-£.V.V!. Copied froo c^aji. 
" 190 — 



C«ae. B.Jo., Ofe 19. nalc. slr.fle: middle frade noron plus trace 
Bloohollen. 



' lly^l 



f^ 




ii) 



E-L.V.u. First cxpOEur*. 10' 





B-S.V.!.;. iecond coneecutive erpoeure. 10' 





.S.».U. ^hird consecutive excosiire. 10" 





® 



3-i;.V.):, Fourth oonseciitive 



exTjocure. 10' 



9 



^ 




^ E-S.V.1.C. Fifth conEecutiTe ex-oosTire. 10' 



.□ 



^B 




5-S.V.y.. Coplei fyoa card. 
— r^Li) -- 



■»GMe/C.Ir.. age IS. male: middle grade !r.oron pl'js lerentle 
prneoox hetephrenin. Present arrest vagrancy. 




.S.V.)I. First exnosnre. 10' 






3.3.V M. Secord consecutive exposure. 10' 





B-S.V.M. Third coneeoutive exposure, 10' 





E-S.V.M. Fourth oonseouti 



Te' exposure, lo' 





».S.7_.i{. CQBled froa card. 




•-'01 






203 — 



Case. L.rr.. age 21. nale. single: Mfh grade noronTg.C' pluB 4e- 

mentlo praccox hcbcphrenlo (pfropfhekephrenia) . ^tter.l-.d school 
8 to 14. reached third prade. Ka« been in Juvenile Court Parental 

bohool; four arreGte in Boyc Court. 



-t.T.lt. first exposure, 10". 



.V.M. ^econd conseciitlTse -exposur*. 10 





. V.i;. Third consecutive exposure. 10" 




_n 






J 




B-S.V.*. Fourth oonEecutlTt expoture. 10" 



• 1 l_ ■ — 





B-b.V.M. Fifth coneeeutlTe expoeut*. 10". 



2o:i 



. 



B-S.V.M. Copied fron card. 





b 



H.V.M. Klret exposure, 10' 





H.V.M. Secon4 coneecutlve exposure . 10' 






H.V.M, Third coneecutive exposure. 10' 



D P 




.H.V.rt. Copied from csrd. 






i04 





.V.U. Firet exposure, 16"/X5". 



2-V-lf. Example 




Z.T.H. Seoond consecntiTe exposure. 15"/15" 



2.V.lf. Third conseouUTe exDoeure. 16"/16" 



Z.V.M. "opled from card. 
— 305 — 







Tyyti^ <<rt^y^ PT-iMxA^. 



'>>\^^l^~'lX^ 



:u^. 









with whole wheat me«J, fT»nul»lea 
, rice, wlih farina, an-l with white com 
me&i. each used aJone, I hAv* made 
J what I consider a food cak«Uk» pastry, 
In making such, eapeclally la smaJ' 
<luantJU«a. one should use mor« me*l 
[ tHan flour, about one-half morei. pcr- 
I bapa- I thought one-half mors s«od 

!for the com meal. With Oour. Ih* 
formula I?: P'lvc eggs. whlt«8 and yolVii 
beaten, sepurately; one cup of Blfte« 
Kugar, one cup of flour rifted eeveral 
tlme^. one teaspoon of baking powder. 



nlUa. 



T:£ 



a sponge cake 6n a nnal]«r 
one-balf u much egg yellc 
nd twice as much flour •s 
adding a half more of meal 
If that Is use^ Sift sugar Into beaten 
rgg whites, add beaten yolks, and stft 
in meal in which baking powder !s 
sifted. A batter »ith me3J shrinks loea 
than vrhen flour I* used. Bake a sm&U 
•ponge cake of com meal one- half hour 



J 00 



Case, t.'.'r., ajre l(t, mrile . sin'pie: >.i(-h frr;;(Ie~n8r<Jr. niut ic'^.cfX la 
nrr.ecoy hetephrenia; attended school a, e " to 14. rcnched 5th prade 
h>.i£ been In Juvenile Court. "resent arreet fifhtinp v.ith father. 
He hes a brother. Bpe £0. attended school afye 7 to 14. reached 6th 
grade, he is a chronic alcoholic. The visii';! :nerior;; peyohonathic 
teet of the nother of thi.s case is riven anonp those of <he Doneet ic 
P.elPtions Court, as S.i.'a., afe ."59. 





-eoord consecutive exposure. 10 



"hird consecati ve exDosure. 10' 







-ODied from cord . 



■'J)7 




fi.V'.M. Corlod fror. cird. 






208 



^^^t^fl'^.A^^ y^Z*..-^ 



PERFORMANCE TESTS - MORALS COURT 

Case NBe., age 32, female; high grade moron, dementia prsecox kata- 
tonia preparalytic dementia. Now arrested for disorderly conduct. Her 
history will be found among those of the Morals Court. 




. Fourth consec 




^i,d consecutive exposr.re. 10". 



igjLre 



,Uive exposure. 



10". 




B-t. '»'.!■'• i'lfth consecu 
— 209 — 



tive exposure. 10' 




E-S.V.M. p.iphth cor.L-eoiilive e;:noture, 10". 




P-S.V.?:. Te-th oonsecv.tive exD.Tfure. 10 



210 



^X€ 




".v.". Cooled frOTi card. 
— 211 — 




01s. 




'°'''' ^ron car 



Speakers af Hoosier Oemo- 
mk Convention Indorse 



''^r ^,00 



§Mimm rite pre sid^fii 



sier 



Al^Z ",CoV '""%'"« '" •"• "- 

•ion. fomcr o„°„7oV f,"^°?, "• »»' 



ffhcJca of tbc 

■ iintloa and rk oi»..<i — I' *"" *"*' rvi 
'0. Wll.m,''i',X°J I?."fn°' "' 






— 212 — 



C'aLc. C.Ev., afc C£, Jeraalc. Linfle: hlth grade coron plue dcir.cntla 
praeoox hetenhrcnin. Mother chronic nlcoholic, deserted family; 
v.ould le "out of hie head" very often. Llothcr very nervous;, had 
"spells. " Cace hhs been livinp with q r.on for seven:! years; they 
have a child vho io psychopathic and euLnoraal. Case vyac t?.o r.onths 
preg-ncnt and ntortcd recently. Present arret t, kcepinp disorderly 
house nnd prostitutinj" herself. Ker paramour is ape 32, low grade 
soclopoth plus der.entia procco;: Catatonia; he has not worked for 
sone tine. -' 






?irst ejpoeure, 10"." 





P-t;.V.". Second consecutive exposure, 10" 





B-t.V.;.:. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 




;.V.!-'. fourth consecutive exnosi-re. 10" 
— 213 — 




2.0,y.:.'.. Eifth congemitlve oxpoei;;-e . 10' 




3-tJ.V,I.!, Sixth conteoutive exposure. 10" 




E-i:.V.:.'. t;eventh consecuti 



ve exposure, 10". 




E.!,.y."_. EiKhth concecvtiye exBOeure, 10' 




B-t.V.I.'.. Copied from card. 




— :.M4 — 





H.V.M. First exDOSure, 10". 



a 




H.V.K. Second consecutive exposure. 



10' 





w.V.lJ. Copied from ctircl, 



— 21; 



Cacc. li.:ii., oge 3l. 8ln£'le, living ae man and 7/lfe with J.Kv. -.vhoce 
tcetE precede: low grade ooclopoth plut dementia prneco>' '/ntatonle. 
Hap 2-.vop.r-Old illogltlnnte cMld. 





B-u.V.M. Flret er.poeure. 10". c. 




B-£.V.;'. i-econd consecutive exposure, 10 





• B-S. V.I.I. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 




^- 




E-E.V.I,;. Fourth consecutive exnosure. 10' 




P-S.V.X. Fifth coneeoutlve expoeure. 10' 
— 216 — 




B.E.VJt. sixth coneecutiTS ejpoeure, 10 



E-E.V.M. Seventh ;3onEecutiV9 expoeure, 10 





B.S.V.M. Slght'i conseoutlTe e.rpoaure, 10" 



cx 





B-b.V.:.;. Copied i'rom cerd. 



— ai7 — 





H-V.J!. ?i.^t 



exposure. lO". 






H.V.lt. Second concecutl 



ve erpoEure, 10" 





H.V.M. Roplsd from card. 



— . 2.18 — 



Cese. A.Th.. Armenian, in 'J.i.. 11 joars . n&le: fair nverape intelli- 
g-ence pli:E nsychonathic constitution. 






E-L.Y.Ll. First expostire, 10".' 



B-2.V.I.:. aecond coniiecutive exposure, 10' 




3-i:.V.L{. Third consec\;tire exposure, 10' 





B-S.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10' 





B-S.V.l'. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10". 



ea> 




B-i:.V.:.';. bir.th con£ecv.tive expocnre. 
Copied fron card. 

— 219 — 



^\'i^'J':''"i "^'^ '^''' ^cr.alc, married rC r,eirs.': lov; rradc r.o-on nr-Tr 

hnd eevornl nrreett. once folicUcd a rnon nnd Ijvcri ■.viU Mr, -ovr 

onoo nnd 1-oe dcrcrted her. ;cr ^oute it filiVv -'rrmo^ ry^«r/olT 
cltlnf nnd bcpelnp v/ith l.-.c-;ot. ^»i'^/. rcccn. crrecl coli- 




E-t.V.I!. Fourth oonEec.:ti 



ve errorxirc. lO' 





oniofi fro- 



~~ 220 — 



Coce. J.'ie. 



i-e J '.e .•■■ e :-0. female, v.v.itc. n«rricd to colored r..in: lO'.v irv^alc 
.jclopath. Dc;-chop-.thic com-tUutloa. prep.-irul:.tLc doncntia. Lcparut- 
c(J fron huFbond. arrostol for colic llinf. 



' 1 f 



P-t;.V.i.l. Pirct o:!pOEi:re. 10" 




.V.;'. Second concecutiv 



e ezpoeure. 10" 




;.V.;:. CODied fron cird, 




H.V.K. First exDOEurc. 10" 





V.:.;. Second ooneecutive exnoEure. 1^' 




H.V.M. Copied frorn cnrd. 




31?1 






222 — 



Case. B.Id.. age 21, female, slnple: high prade moron plue derientia 
praecox hebephrenia. Father killed In a fight, one of his aeeall- 
ante was hanged, the. other suicided; father wee alcoholic deeerted 
hl8 wife once. Uother married twice, separated fron second husband; 
she Is chronic alcoholic, prostitute, and now In itate Insane Aey- 
lum. Case Is one of 11 children; she reached fifth grade In echool: 
has been In Juvenile Court and otT.er institutions; has been a pros- 
titute; present arrest, living with a nan to Khoa she ras not T.arried. 




-S.V.M. Plret erpoture, 10". n 






econd conaecutlTe eipoeure, 10" 




5-b.V.U. Third eonsBcutlre exposure. 10' 





B-ii.V.M. ?ourth consecutive exposure, 10' 

— ;J23 — 




r--a.V.i:. Fifth conpecutlvs exposure. 10 





B-S.V.M. Sixth consecutive exposure, 10 




B-E.7.1J. Seventh 



-ooneeciitlve exoosure 





E-S.V.i:. Copied from card. 





^yl^yix2^ 



/fiiAy^^ 



J^^^ ^.^d 



a4«^^«. ,r/i. /V^^ a^I^/^ 







-224 — 



Case, P.St., age 45, male, married, deserted family, low/grade socio- 
path- psychopathic constitution, chronic alcohollsrn. 




B.S.V.M. Second consecutive exposure, 10' 




B-S.V.M. Third consecutive exposure. 10 




B.S.V.M. 

Fourth consecutive exposure, 10". 




3. S.V.I.:, Fifth congeoutive exposure, 10". 

— 22,i — 




v: 





j.i.V.:.'.. Slyth consecutive exposure. 10' 




exposure, 10" 



336 — 



incro'jE Qrrnfltn' 



'^tU '^'J'^-\ "^'^ ''• female; hi^h ?rade rotiopath dc- 

H08M?Dl ^ °" "^ comnitted her to the Ps:-chOT,°tMc 



B-S.V.::. i'lrst oj-Dorure, 10". 



^-H 




B-t.v.;:. s 



eoond confecvtive ey.DOe-v.T&. 10" 




rhird consecutive cyroFure, 10' 



u 




E-E.V.i:. ?OT;rth consecutive eypofure. 10". 




£.t.V.M. Fifth coneecutiTe exposure, 10" 




e expoeuic. lO" 



B-S.V.M. SeTenth ooneeoutiTe expscure. 10". 





B.S.V.M. i:ighth oonEecutlve exposure, 10" 




B-S.V.;:. ninth consecut 



B-t.V.l'.. Tenth conseoiit ive eruosure. lo" 



rr 




B»9.V.M. Bleventh consecutlTe eyrposnre. 10' 
- ^ 228 _ 



B-E.V.i:. Twelfth oonseout Ive eipuaure. 10" 



— -- 


■ 




■J 


k . 





-S.V.i:. Thirteenth coneeoutlve expoeure. lO". 




B-S.V.i:. sixteenth .ooneecutlve exposure. 10" 
— 229 — 




?-£.V.y. Seventeenth consecutive exposure, 10' 




. V.M. Eighteenth conseoutlTe expoBnre, 10". 




.V .v.. Nineteenth consecutive expoeure', 10". 




-i.V.'j. Twer.tieth oonset^utive exposure 
— 230 — 




T?-!; . V..''. T-.ver.ty-£ecorid conEecut'. 



outiTc exooEv.re. 10' 




V 



B-i".V.::. Iwentjr-third cor.eecutive crposure, 10" 




L 



>.'•.','.. ?*er,*:;-roi:rth consecutive exfosure. IJ" 




B-S.V.i:. Twenty-Eixth consecutive exposure, 10". 




'?«!-er.ti--ei?hth consecutive exposure, 10" 

— 332 — 




'.venty-ninth conKccKtivc exposure 10' 




f 



S--. ■/.•'. Thirtieth c-onseuul; 



ve expofure, 10" 



I Na* 




E-i.V.:'. Thirt;,'-f Iret consec.itive e7.nos\ire, 10" 




.''.. Chlrt.v-feoonl conseov.tive cynoei;-p v 
— 233 — 




5-S.V.I,;. Thirty-third consecutive exposure. 10' 




B-S.V.W. ?hirty-fifth consecutive exposure, 



Copied from card. 
— 234 — 





J^^e^^t^^^ 



/^^^ 



■^°^°"^°^^^^;i^-"--re. 





(Uf^^ 






/Cyyi^ 








— 23.J — 




.V.M. TiTBt expo 



■ure. 16"/16"- 




ond consecutive exposure. 1B"/15". 



V.K. Third con: 



■eoutive' expot-ure, 



15-A6" 



.v.. CoBiei! ■froni card. 



:.'.•{(; 



Caee, R,An.. age £6, female, single, Huesian. in U.S. 7 years: low 
grade sociopath plus denentia praecox hebephrenia. Arrested for 
soliciting. 



B.S.V.M. First exposure. 10". 






.V.U. Second consecutive exposure, 10" 





3^ 



B-S.V.U. Third consecutive exposure. 10". 
B-S.V.i'i. Fourth consecutive exTJOSure . 10" • 



'^ 



-iT 




B-6.V.M. Fifth coneocntiv* exposure, 10' 



,S.V.U. Sixth consecutive exposure, 10' 
— 237 — 




(^ ffi 



5 



B.S.V.M. Seventh consecutive exposure, 10' 



O 



« 




3 S.V.!/. Eighth consecutive exposure. 10' 





I.S.V.n:. Copied frdT^card. 




H.V.M. First exDOSure. 10" 




H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure, 10 




H.V.M. Copied from ct-rd, 



238 — 



Case, ir. ;.;&., Qpe £7. fenale. carried: hiph prade moron plus le-r.cntifc 
praecox hebephrenia. Porced r;arriagc vrhcn £hc v.-as five r.onthe rirep- 
nant, married a feeblc-ainded nun '.vho -as a thief and had rerved a 
term in Joliet. and '.vhotc nothor and father V7crc both chronic alco- 
lics. fr.thcr cocr.ittinp Eiiicidc. Her hi;tband's sitter his illepiti- 
mato child and hie brother ic n chronic alcoholic. Gate has several 
8tab 7;ound6 ; she ic •.vhite, v/cs arrested in a colored houfe. Her hus- 
band is now in Joliet prison; she h^s been livinit as nan und rife 
with a colored nan for some tirrie. 




B-i.V.l'.. Jr'irst expos-, re, 10". 






F-i.V.;:. Second consecutive exposure. 10". 





.hird consecutive exposure. 10' 



2.19 



B-S.V.t. Fourth consecutiv 





e exposure. IQ- 



-t^.V.I.r. Fifth consecutive exDOSure. 10 





B. S. V. M. Sixth eonseoiitive exposure. 10". 




'^•""•'th CO-. 







— 240 — 




.7.B. Third oonseeutlTe expoonre, 10" 
— 241 — 





R.V.K. Fourth ooneec-utive espoeure. 




V v.M. Copied from card. 



242 — 



Case, i.Ew.. female, age 20. Exnele, laundry worlter: fair averape 
intelligence plus denentla praecox hebenhrenia plus oreoaralytic 

denentla plus chronic alcoholisn. rather iied aee JO. studied 
nedicine after marriage, had drug store, l^other, age ^7. married 
twice, 7 children ty first husband, none by second; she iired *il>- 
second husband about a year when he died; cannot rencTnbcr his first 
name, -'e brother E. shot a neighbor's cott; qs a seouence the 
mother was put in insane asylum for a short tine, £. has had 3 
other arrests; she and her mother are now arrested for having men 
in their rooms; K. ie filthy and In rags. Che mother's ns.vchopathic 
tests folloT these. 




.1.:. First exposure. 10". 





E-t.V,r.. Second ooneecutiv* exposure, 10" 





-i.V.M. Third consecutive ezpoeure, 10" 



B-S.V.M. ?ourth consecutive exposure, 10 
— 243 — 





B-i.V.i;. Fifth consecutive expoBure, 10 




E-S.V.M. I.'inth consecutive exoosure, 10' 
— 244 — 




vLrlecr,^^- consccvtive cynosure . U' 




E-S.V.U. Copied fron card. 





H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure, 10". 





H.V.M. Third consecutive exposure, 10" ^ 

/ / LJ I 






H.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10' 
— 246 — 




H.V.M. Copied from card. 





R-i;.V.". t;econd ?ri>il. Kirtt nnd t-econd cypoEiires 
10" each. 











^ ^>-x.^^-t^ >^ t-9^f. 



247 



Coeo, :i.An., n^e "If, fonolo, ncrrlod r.nd eepnrnted: middle pVnde adron 
pliic doriPntln proocojc hcbcohronln. Fnthrr married three tlr.icc. all 
throe \7lvoc docortlnr hlrr.; he ci:lclded o,:e {,!?. Kothcr dceerlci her 
fuobond und ran Qv;ny '.vlth nnothcr nin. Jate ie ciothcr of 6 children, 
nil In hotncB ; once Ic ■.vhlto, nrrccted In n colored house. Lhc 1e 111 
lltoroto. docorto her hone and tulee cnellc of wondcrlnp. 




B.S.V.U. Second consecutive exposure, 10". 




B.S.V.ir. First e:cpOE'jre. 10". 




^rth consecutire 





.V,!.;. Fifth consccBtive cxuoEure, 10" 




B-b.V.;,.. Copied from cord. 




''\ 



Z.\'.y. First exposure. 10". 





Z.V.'.'. LGcond consccutivr. 
expoeure, 10". 





.V.;j. Copied from cnrd. 



— 349 — 



-'utc, H.Jo., a^e r6, nalc. clnfle: hlph ^rode noron. marVcd oeycVo- 
piit>ilc conptUutlon. J- I'onllc parcels. Cool:; woe llvlnp T.tth a 
wonan; woll-ltnown pol.co chariicter; norphlniet and chronic nlcohollc. 





?iret exposure, D" 





P.C.V.''. "CC 



ond consecutive e>;poture, 10" 




E.'tJ.V.:.!. Third consecutive 
exposure. 10". 





B-i..V.:.:. Fourth coneecutive exposure. 10" 






-S.V.M. Fifth consecutive e7po£ure, 10' 
— 350 — 




.S.y.M. Sixth consec'-itive exposure, 10 





E-S.V.l.'. Seventh consec-jtive exoosin 





B-S.V.U. Eighth consecutive exposure. 10". 





B-S.V.l!. i.'inth coneccutiv 



e exDosure, 10' 





B.S.V.r.. Copied froni card. 
— 251 — 




H.V.!.?. First 




exDosure, lo' 





H.V.!:. fiecond 



oonsecT;tive exnoeu 



Vive, 10' 





".V.?:. Third consecutive exposure, 10' 






H.V.?.!. Copied fron; ccrd, 
— 252 — 



.'.". First exTiosxiTc . Ifr" /l^' 





Z.V.v. Peconi conscciitive e.xposure, lE'VlS' 



bird consccTit Ive exposure, If"/!^' 



'.V.?.'. "or.rth consecil ive 
exposure. ir"/16". 



Z.V.rr. Copied from card. 
— 353 — 



Cate, R.Jo. . a^-e TO. mule, single. The followlrif vicual mcmorv r.£-. 
ohopnlhlc tests were done ten days later than thoee Immedlatelv ore 





B-S.V.U. Second consecutive ezrosure. 10". 





B.S.V.M. Third consecutive exposure. 10". 





B-&.V.1'. Fourth consecutive exposure , 10' 





B. S.V.I!. 'Fifth consecutive exposure. 10". 






B.S.V.M. Copied from card. 

— ™'J4 





H.V.LI. Ftret exposure. 10' 





H.V.).'. Second oonseoi'tive exposure, 10' 





H.y.:,:. Th 



ird consecutive exposure. 10' 





II. v.!.'.. Copied from C5rd. 




^-iifc-.^. ....__. '^MUL 



— 355 



Cnro, 7. Or,, nfc' n , lu-.i.c, narried- >ir.d ccofiTuica: luLr a\-cra(-e in- 
• tolllgenco plue pcj'chopnt.hlc conetllution. norphlnist and cocalniet, 
father ape 57, clerk, very nervous. hlFh-lenpcred. :;othcr ape 4£. 
divorced flrcl huebnnd, very nervous, underwent treatment for her 
ncrvoc; mother hac broihi-r elnllurly afflicted, one brother dronk 
hlnrclf to death at ape 40. Caec got to elphth frade in fchool,.haE* 
lllcjrl t Imrjte child now £ yccre old; ehe has alternatod in worVing and 
in proet itiition; narried two years nro and sulircnuently left her hue- 
baad ; hoc been \i6lng cocnlne and norphine for yenre; arrested for 
rollcitlng. 




£.V.I,:. F i ret 'exposure . 10". 




E-t.V.l.'.. Second consecutive e^poEure. 10 




!*-£. V. 



"hird consecutive exposure, 10" 





5-S.V.I,;. Fourth consecutive e:^Tioeure. 10" 





,V.;.;. Fifth ccneeoutlve expOBure. 10", 
— 256 — 





L V.!'. Siytl^ consecutive exposure. 10' 




P-f. V.;'. Seventh concecutLve exposure, 10". 





E--.V.:.'. Elg-hth consccx-.tive cxpoeurc 
Copied fron; ccrd. 





H.V.L:. First e-ADOriirc. 1j' 





inicrl froM crd. 



357 



Caee, H.An., ape 7A , female: hlg^h grade moron pine dementia praecox 
hebephrenia plus llpht prnde chronic alcohollBm. Repeatedly arrested 
elnce nfe 11; hne been llvlnp v/lth a man. never legally married to 
him; pregnant twice but aborted each time. Arrested 5 tlmee in Morale 
Court. Hae profeeeed religion and joined the church three times, re- 
lapsed each time. Has been cocalnist, inmate of disorderly house; 
present arrest for eoliciting. School age 7 to 14. reached 4th grade. 




E-S.V.J, 



Fourth consecutive exposure, 10". 
— 858 — 




B-E.V.M. Copied from card. 







259 — 



■^ 1, „,.^ f.1 m..t><>r of r.'^w, prccodin»J cficc: fair avcriago 
i?ricuJ rlth dauphlof . harinp mon In roome for Imr.orol purpoeec. 




B-S.V.i:. First expoeure, 10" 



+M 



-- • -5. Second con6ecutl%-e exposure, 10 





— 260 — 



H.V.M. Second fionsecutive erpos-ure, 10". 




H.V.U. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 





K.V.?.'.. Copied from card. 



261 — 




J, ./If,/ l^^^ 



'^ 



^v. ■0wJ^V^'^ 






— 262 — 



PERFORMANCE TESTS— DOMESTIC RELATIONS BRANCH 

CoEe, '.Jo., age 43, a&le. nncried; hl(:h grade Doron plus denentia 
praecox katatoaia plua chronic alcohollem. This Is hi^ fifth ar- 
rest In Domestic Relations Court; has served three terms In House 
of Correcllon; present arrest drunkenness, abuse and non-supoort. 




B.i,V,M. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10" 




p-s.v 



,.... 7inh consec^tvv. ex.o.«r.. 10" 



^_< 





B-S.V.U. copied fron csrd. 





.V.M. First exposure, 10". 




M 



H.V.M. Second oonBeciitive expoBure, lO" 




H.V.M. Third oonFeoiitive exposu 



re, la" 




H.V.M, Fovrth co«secwtivc exposure. 10' 

— 264 — 






H.V.Ii. ?lfth consecutive expoEure, 10". 



H.V.M. Copied from cord 




2.V.M. Flret exposure 



. U"/lt". 





i.V.11, Second ooneecutlve eTpoeure, 16"/16'' 




Z.V.M. Third ooneecutlve exposure, 16", 15" 



J.V.K. Pourth eonaeoutlve exposure. lfi"/16". 




— 265- 



Hue been mar- 



IwJhou" Sruol. .n« "in notv.ort: 



both children ore doxcctivc, 
The 



kroohollc. cruel and "l^l/°\;;°[^- ^for nurdcr In Oollet. Th 
HuBband hoB brother -oyvlng » ;^2^°1^|g'been previously arrested 
iTu :^L"ln"ofa":;arrrt'frher\ucband To? eruelty an. non-sup- 
port, yhe has attorapted Dulclde twice. 



^^ 




, Y.M. First exposure, 10' 




B.S.V.f. Second ooneecutlve exposure, 10' 




B.S.V.M. Third consecutive 
exposure. 10". 




B.: 



.V.M. Fourth eoneecutive 
exposure, lo". 

— 266 — 




E-S.V.M. Copied from card. 




E.V.JJ. piret exposure, lo" 




H.V.?.r. Second confecuttve exoosure. 10" 





H.V.M. Copied from card. 

— :iGT — 





Z.V.«. First exposure. lb"/\b". 




Z.V.V. a«conl consecutire expoEure, 16"/16". 



Z.V.M. Copied from card. 




— 268 



Co'c " Kb. nee 40. female, narried. 2 children: low grade moron pins 

Old type! 8he is four feet eleven inches tall and weighs 107 pounds: 
it took throe policemen to arrest her. 



'/.:•. First expoEure. 10" 




-S.V.-.:. i^econd consecutive exposure. 10" 



u V •■ "hl-d consecutive exposure. 10" 



/^ 




Q 



ft. 




5^ i^+.'/yf\'V*\fl 



\^~ ^V'' ^ /i - -g.E.V.!.!. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10 




H.V.i:. First exroEure. 10". 
— 2(59 — 




V 'I Louonl conECCuVlvo pynopnr 

/ 




^ <-''' p. v.;-. ?hlrd coneeoutire exposure, 10' 



H.V.?!. Fourth confecuti^'e e^rnoeuio. 




ilh cxunplc 



270 — 



Caee, T.Al.. oge 43. male, nnrrled; high grade noron pluE dementia 
praecox hebeohrenla plBB demcntlo paralytica plus olcohollsn. HlB 
wife hae been the support of the houee for some tine. He contractea 
eyphllle age 13. Present arfect non-support. 




-^ 



-t 



^v 



, / 



E-£.V.M. First exposure, lO". 



\. 







-L'r^' 



B-S.V.i:, teoond consecutive exposure, 10" 







B-£.V,1'.. Third consecutive exposure, 10" 









?-:.'.'. r. t'oplel froTi enrd. 



— 271 




.V.M. Plret expoeure. 15'7l6" 




.V.M. Second oonseoutivo expoEiire. 16"/1E 




.V.I,'. Third conEecutivc pxposure. IB'/IS" 




"o.oiei froTi o 



— 279 — 



d^;^^' ^ 




^^^ 







27:{ — 



CaBo. I.. I?., nge tS. male, n.arrlod; hlj?h jrade rr.oron. ntyoVopntvic 
conelUutlon plue domontln pnrnlyllcn plur chronic '■Icohollfm. Hoe 
one chll'l llvlnp- has deecrled fnmll.v at Intervalt rlrht 'ilonp: 
Blfo haE had to rupport hoiite; he it abusive nnl threatens her lll'e, 
Hae had delirium treraene ; pot ne far ae fifth grade In echool; has 
f.orved five eentenoee In Houpc of Correction: prcfcnt arrcet croclty 
nnd non-cunport. 




.Y.U. 

I^ Pirst exposure. 10"' 




B-S.V.U. Second consecutive exposure, 10" 




Ird consecutiTe exoosure. 10" 




275 — 




— 27G — 




E-E.V.:,:. Eighth consecutive exposure 



xposure, 10' 




B-S,V.I,;. Ninth consecutive exposure 





B-£.V.i!. Copied from card. 




H.V.I.!. Second conseoutlve expoeure, 10' 




H.V.K. Third consecutive exposure. lOr 




R.v.M. Copied from card. 

— 278 — 



'^-se, .-i.An. . fent^le, narrl 

pra " 

has 




Ity 



B-i.V.!i. First exposure. 10". 



V 



a 



B-S.V.U. Second consecutlre exposure, 10". 



a 



H.V.M. Third coneecutiTe exposure, 10". 



I 



^V>7'7n/lyK7vyrv^->fV7--^\A*'-'^^^^ 



B-E.V.H. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10". 

B-E.V.i:. Fifth eoneecutlve exposure, 10". 



>/-/^/'rY lA^A'^^ 



-S.V.I!. oUth consecutive erpoeure, 10" 

— a79 — 



J 1 



o 



B-S.V.M. Seventh consecutiTe exposure, 10". 




B-S.V.y. iUnth consecutive exposure, 10" 



— 280 



-1 



; J^-S.V.u. Copied from cai 



\/Vwv 




H.V.K. First exposure. 10 



VfwYOrvVV\^^/\/Vv...^vvvVVVVl/v^^ 



\ ] 



jixLi,^ ,-£Aw-<f" -€^Cuc^ .£„^,,,^£^ ^<Z^, ^.ti-.*.-*^ ^^^Zi^,.^,^ i^^'*^ J^^"^^ 
J.^-^-v^,-*-^^/^*-' 'l^ ■£.^^^-^..,-.-^. ^.'^i' ^.<^^r^ /^■-'-^^^ -^^-^^^ 

H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure. 10".- ' 




T 

H V V. Third oonsecvtlve exposure. 10". 
— ;i8i — 



w 



M^ 



-i^ 'T'UL^a^i^'Z/ Xl-^A^t^ .^c^^y'-'^^yt/ /i?-t-tf<^ 



H.V.K. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10". 




-^rVYVVVVXA/^^^^^^^^^^^^^/^^^VVv/lA/V/v^^^-xA/xAv^^^ 




H.V.).^ Copied from card, 




Symbol. First exposure with 



card. 



Caee. II. 0., ag« 46, female, wife of CO. High grade moron plus 
dementia praecox hebephrenia plus light grade chronic alcohol- 
Ism pluB preparalytic dementia (conjugal pareele). 




B-S.7.y. Second consecutive expocure, 10" 





B-S.V.!.!. Third consecutive expoeure, 10". 




B-C.V.','. Fifth 



oo.neeoutive exposure, lo". 
— 283 — 




i.V.H. Ninth consecutive exposure, 10" 





S-E.V.!'. Tenth concccutlve oxpoi.-ure, -ith cxoir.plc. 



284 




V.!.;. 7hird consecutiTe expjEure. 10 



// Symbol with eianple. 

— 285 — 



Caic. I.. tin., nfc 39. fcmnLc. rwnricd, Antr lean: hlph pr'Me "loron plus 
dementia praocox hebophrnnln nluE chronic filcohollEm; she hie served 
Uo torma In the Houee of Correction. Her raothcr v.ne imirrled twice, 
liepnraled from aeoond hurbnnd, wlo wkb n chronic alcoholic; nother 
hnd « brother In the baetnrdy court, entered In forced narrlaje. 
;aee has had her hutband In Donveetlo ;<clattone Court eleven tlmee ; 
he tried to poison her three tlmee; ehe tried to conmlt suicide once ; 
ehe has deluelonc of Infidelity; now hae her hiieband In Doneetic Re- 
latione Court for non-eupport and docs not want to live with him. 
He iB ape 45'. Polish. In U.£. since eighteenth year; he Is a chronic 
alcoholic and hae eerved a torn In the Houee of Correction. His fa- 
ther is also a chronic alcoholic and cruel to his wife. They have Z 
eons living- , both have been arrested. The visual memory psychopathic 
test of one of f-o rons. J'.Pr.. afe IB. is {-iven with the Po.ve Court 
cases. 



First exposure. 10" 





iecond consecutive exposure. 10 



V.r. Vhird coneccTitive exposure. 10 



tive exposnro, 10" 



B S V U Fifth consecutive expos-re. 10". 
— 286 — 






.S.V.y. iji;<th conrec'Jtive or.posure, 10' 





B-E.V.U. Soverith cor.secutive exposure. 10' 



.S.V.M. Zighth concecutii-e cxpoEi;re, 10' 




B-S.V.Y. CoBied from curd, 




287 — 



n 




H.V.W. First exposi;ro, 10' 




H. \'.V. Socor^d 



cor.secutire e:-: 



post; re. IQ' 




H.V.M. Third consecutive expoetire, 10' 



cuD 




H,V,V, Corled froq cnrd 



" ^f -^^,^--0 






^388 — 



Cecc. I'-. Bo., a^e '..'',. male, narried: of ropfhebephrenia plui' prepara- 
lytic denentia plus chronic alcoholisn. Carried 14 years, one child 
living ape G, ie feeble-alnded. Has deserted his wile and child a 
'couple of times; has delusions of infidelity; threatens vrife'e life. 
She is a high grade coron. Case has always been a ne 'cr-do-77ell and 
she has altjays had to look out for her b-rn support. He is out of 
House of Correction two days, where he has .lust served a terra, fife 
had to have him arrested again as he threatens her life. 



3-S.V.I.:. First exposure. 10". 



^k' 



/ 



u 



E-t.V.M. Second consecutive exoosure. 10". 




B-S.V.M. Third consecutive exposure, 10". 



B-S.V.X Fourth consecutive exposure. 10". 





3-S.V,U. Fifth consecutive exoosure 10" 
— 289 — 




CvA 



,0 




B-t.V.I.:. sixth consecutive enosure, 10" 




l^ 



-S.V.K. Copie'l from cnrd. 





H.V.J,;. First 



exposure. In", 




H.V.". Second consecutive cJ:DO£ure, 10" 




H.V.r. Third consecutive exposure, 10". 




il.V.t'. Fourth consecutive excosure, 10" 






H.V.r. Copied from card. 




— ^90 



27, feaiile, r.arricd; hifh grade moron plus denentia 



.'ii;c, ;.. r.. age -Li, leaiiie, .T.arricd; hifh grade moron plus denentia 
praecoj: kttntonia (pnronoid) plus chronic alcohollsn, oomnitled to 
the PsychopAthlc Hofpltal; she i^as discharged fron one of the S^tnte 
VoEpllaTB for the Insane ' r-.onths ago; Ehe has dclrrions of Infidel- 
ity ani BlEo Eex ieluElons ooncerninc her toy, ape IE; neighbors 
have httd to call on police at freqr.ent interi-Qls to quell her. tihe 
»a6 prevlouEly arreeted and Is nov; arrested for creating n dletiir- 
bence in the neighborhood, on the conclaint of the neithbore. Her 
husband is s chronic alcoholic and dererted her three or four tlm«6. 



B-b.V.ir. Third- consecutive exposure. 10". 



B-S.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure. lO-"* 




B.E.V.K. Sixth consecutive expoEure, 10". 



B.S.V.M. Seventh consecutive exposure. 10- 

— 291 — 



B-b.'.V- Klphth conEecutivs oxnoBure, 10 




B. S.V.I'. Ninth consecutive exposure, 10 



B.S.V.M. Tenth coneecutive exposure, 10". 



B-S.V.M. Copied from card 



V.L". First exposure, 10" 




^ m 



U.V.M. icco 



nd coa'-ecutlvc e:cpoE'jre, 10" 




H.7.V. Third consecutive e:tposure , 10" 





C3n 



H. 7.1:7 Fourth ooneecutiv 



e cxooeure. 10" 



— 292 




Symbols. Copied from card 



iJ 



U 



Symbols. Copied from card. 



A^n^o. 








yyyu<^ ~J^ 



— 293 



PRAIRIE DIVISION 
TO BE INSPECTED 
IN TWO WEEKS 

Ca/pp Ix»r»n. noimion. T»x % Marah 
1^.<i_(8p«olAll— Another 4h»p«^n^n- irf' 
ttifi rrnlrlo dlvldlon In to b* hold in <*o 
\vc«l(«. Thl» nnhouncMn*r»t viom Riad* 
lodoy nt dlvtalon h»«iiquttrt«r». ' Th» 
inupccllon Ju»l nnlBbod Viii* Iftly th^ 

"Xho mw of the dlvlsldn nr* rt(p«ct« 
In •how a afcat a«al i>^ Improvement, 
within th« n«xt two w*cki«. Defects , 
hare be«n polritod out t,o the orgAfl- 
i/Htlon commantJerH and theue defects 
aiT e:i[wct»d to he remedied at onc^-* 

SerKt. Claufl*- K. Mn«on and Private 
Uoland Pyc of Company M of the On« 
Hundred nnd Thirty second Infantry 
«cro tried by a court-martial thla 
inornlnc on a. charaq tfiat they had 
ronaplred to ithoot aflichi other In order 
to eHi;»p» military service. 



\ -t 









294 



Case. C.Jo., age 27, female, married: imbecile, dementia praccoz 
hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholism. J.:arried 10 years. 4 children 
living, all are defective. She has served two terms in House of 
Correction; wanders off, leaves children, f^ets irunk and consorts 
with other men; husband has deserted her. 




B-b.V.LI. First exposure, 10' 




-S.V.IJ. Second consecutive exposure, 10' 




-S.V.M, Copied from card. 



Caee, L.Ir.. ape 39, female, married: psychopathic constitution plus 
chronic alcohol it-m. Husband had her brought in. 




J^ 



B-£,V.M. First exposure. 10". 



tiFiB 



0., 




B-S,V,M. becond consecutive eypoeure, 10". 





3-b,V.n. Third consecutive exposure, 10' 




3-£.V.l^ Fourth consecutive exposure, lo' 




.a^ 




.-> 





E-S.V.M. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10' 






E-S.V,i:. Copied from card. 



Cose. S.Ed., age 29. nnle, married: high grade borderland sroelopath 
plus'dementia praecox hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholieni. Married 
14 years, wife divorced him once for chronic alcoholiem. cruelty 
and non-Bupport ; she remarried him; his v.-ife is psychopathic; they 
have one child who inherits the parents' psychopathy. Case has dey 
lusions of infidelity; has had two arrests in Domestic Relations 
Court; wife supnorte the family. Preser,t arrest cruelty n^irt non- 
support. 



B-S.V.M. Firet exnotu.re, 



10" 




E-S.V.;/. Second concecutive expocure,, 10' 





-S.V.y. 'rhird consecutive exoosurc. 10' 






B-t;.V..V, Fourth consecutive exposure. 10' 





B-S.V.\f. Fifth cont;ecutl 



ve exposure. 10". 
-297 — 




3-S.V.l-'.. Siyth consecutive exnosure. 10' 





B-S.V.M. Seventh conseci;tive eypoEure, 10". 






B-E.V.M. Cot>ied from card. 



— 298 — 





R.V.M. First exposure, 10' 





H.V.I.I. Second consecutive expoEiire, 10' 






H.V.H. Third consecutive eyposure, 10' 

1 




H.V.V. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10' 





H.V.K. Copied from card. 
- - 2\)\> - - 



Caoc. W.Jto.. ftgo f-l. female, mnrrled: fair averoce Intelligence, 
dementia pruocox pluo prcsonllc dementia plue chronic alcohollen. 
Che had token 16 curoc for olcohollcn v.ithout rccult. HuBband 
pej'chopnthlc plue chronic alcoholic. Four children living. She le 
quarrolromo, fibuslvc. uaec vile language. Brought Into court on 
account of nbuEe and slcoholiEir.. 



,V.y. First exposjure 10" 






-w.V.M. Second consecutive exposure. 10". 




E-S.V.Kr. Third consecutive exposure. 





B-S.V.V- Fourth conEccutive exposure, 10" 



-^:^ 



E-i;.V.:.!. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10". 




B-r.V.a. Eixth eonsecuti 



ve exposure. 10". 




— 300 — 





-S.V.I'. Seventh consecutive exoosure, 10' 






-S.V.l'u Eighth consecutive exooFure, 10". 





B-S.V.ii. ninth consoeutlve exnoeure. 10" 





B-S.V.;.i. 'Jenth consecutive exposure. 10". 





_P 




B-S.V.j:. Copied Irom card. 
— 301 




Cucf CO. Qpc 43. male, mfrried: lov/ grade sociopath pluE 
domcnlla proecox hebephrenia plue chronic alcohollem plue 
dementia paralytica. He Id the hueband of II. 0. v.hoee teste 
follow. Prccenl arrest non-cupport and abuee. 



t. t 



-\ 



>.'-.'/. v.. 'fMret exposure. 10" 




^. 



£ 



B.S.V.y. ;:econd consecutive exposur 10' 



P 





3-S.V,I.;. Third consecutive exposure, v.ith example. 




L'vmbol v.-ith example. 



— 302 — 




./ 









o^-.M^a-'^.^^ -^ rfi:A^-^^ 



^ ^ '^ // ''^ 



303 — 



Colo, .'Mil., n(!0 Z'J , male, married: high prade moron pluc dcncntla 
prnocox hclicphronlc pluc chronic ulcoholicm. '.Vlfe hifh grfedo moron; 
thoy hove 7 children llvln»r; he hoo had delirium trenene , ie very 
abuolvoi brooks up furniture and dlehee. V.'lfe has been the princi- 
pal support of the family for years; he has had throe arrcets In the 
past year, i'rccent arrect drunkenness, abure and non-support. 





B-t;.V.r.. First exposure, 10". 






IV.s. \'. y\ Set'oiul conspciitive extmsuro. 1(»". 





— .V.w. Third consecutive exposure ,■• 10' 




— 304 — 




re, 10' 




3.S.V.!.!. Fifth consecutive oxt50eurc. 10" 





J.S.V.V.. ^l^th consecutive e^poeure 




B.S.V.l'.. Seventh concecu 



tivc exposure , 10". 





B-S. V. M. Kii^^lith (•(Hiseciitivo pxposiiro. Cdjiied from canl. 



— :!05 





H.V.V. ?lr8t ercoeuro, 10' 




H.V.U. Seoond conEecutlve expoBure, 10 





^ , 



'-^^ ■% 



— 306 



CuBe, H.Ot., age 44, nalo, oarriod: hlfh grade r.oron, pcj-cbopclhlc 
conEtltutlon plus chronic Slcohollcn. Heachcd fifth grade In echool. 
Vifc pEychopathic. has boen orrected for dlcordcrly conduct, cen- 
tcQced to !:ouEe of Correction for a year. He has had four arreste 
in the Domeetio Relatione Court; they have 5 children livinp. Ke 
ha8 deserted his family. 






C.V.i:. First exDOture. 10". 






E-S.V.;.:. ijeooni consecutive exposure, 10". 



vm 



E-;i.V.!~. Copied from card. 





H.V.". First exposure. 10" 






V •!. Seconi oontcculiTC exposure. 10' 



H.V.:; 



fl 




P.V.!'. Copied frora cnrd. 







— SOI 



Coeo C.Ed,, ago ZS. fcnolo. married; average Intcll Ucnce dTub no 
mcntia praeco^ parnnoldoe. mmUnd had her^rouphtnto Court hnl 
been ranrrlod ir yenre. hoB 3 children 'he ipft v»^ v,, = >- j .•, ° 
once for 17 months, another time for 7 monthl s^^ ^o^v?"'* *""=* 
a couple Of years ago; tholr en?lre married life hle^beon'onroTn' 
tense friction; has delusions concerning her hulband "" 




--S.V.M. Second coneecutl 



ve exposure. 10 




B-B.V,M. 

rhlrd consecutive exoosure. 10' 



/ 




g-'j;. V.;.:. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10" ~' 





\l 



E-S.V.I.:. Fifth consecutive exoosure, 10". 



— r^os — 



B-S.V.:^. Copied from 





H.V.;.:. First expoEure. 10". 



I r 





H.V.i:. Second conL■ec^;tlve exposure. 10" 




I'.. Copied from cerd. 



I 



— 309 — 



Ciiec y.Va., Aire '.P. I'er.Mlo, r.-irricl: YiXrh Fr'ide roron. icicritia 
proccox hcbophrcrilo, pi"?. llK^t- rrndc chronic olcohollcr-.. 




B-t.V.;.:. Firet cxpoeu 





E-£.V.!.:. Second consecutive exposure. 



10- 




B-ii.V.::. Third consecutive exposure, 10 




S-E.V.:.:. Fourth consecutive exporure. 10' 

— nio — 



jn -nzi ,^ l_j 






LI 

-E.V.l.I. ?ifth consecutive eynomre, 10 




/ 



B--.V.L!. Siy.th concecutive exposure, 10 






B-^.V.U. Seventh consecutive exposure, 10' 




E-t.V.;.;. Copied from card 



— :!ll 





H.V.M. First exposure. 10" 






H.V.If. Second ooneecutive exposure, 10' 





H.V.K. copied from card. 



— 312 



CsEG, P. Ad., age C£, fenalc: high grade noron plus dementia praecox 
paranoides. Father separated fron wife, v.as drov-ned. Mother mnr- 
ried three tines, first husband drorned. second divorced, third hus- 
band deserted her. Case married ofe ??, husband is livinp rlth 
another woman, runs illicit Ijir. One son age 24, single, ne'er-do- 
well; another son now under arrest In Boys Court, ■ne'er-do-well Hire 
father; another son age 10 In Juvenile Court; son age 18 war sen- 
tenced to House of Correction. 





B-£.V.Ii. First cjtpOEure. 10". 



E-S.V.!.;. ijecond oonsecutlve e/posure. 10" 




E-E.V.I,:. Third consecutive exposure, 10' 




E-S.V.i;. Fourth oonsccutiTe exposure, 10 




B-K.V.U. Fifth conEeoutive ejposure, 10" 




313 




ev-..,,i„ " ■, f>:"Ot!.i-o. ■.■■it). 



— 314 — 



Case, E.Ua.. age 23, female, single: high grade moron plus dementia 
praeoox hebephrenia plus preparalytic dementia plus chronic alcohol- 
lem. '.Vas adopted from a home, ran away from foster parents age 13; 
flTe arrests in Morals Court, present arrest after living with a man 
for about a year. 





, V.f.'. First exposure, "10". 



Second consecutive exposure, lo 





E-b.V.L'. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 




B-i;.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10' 



31.5 — 



E-S..V.M. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10' 





B_S.'V.U. Copiecl froni caril. 




— nifi — 



Case. t.Ui.. arc fO. .r.alo. mnrricd: fair avcrnrc i?i1 cl'i Ircnco . fc.-jilc 
dement i'l pluG chronic ulcoholirm plui; pcychopathic conctitut ion. ''.tg 
been arrested nine times, served eight termc in the House of Correc- 
tion; ho has tal-on five or six of the procinent curer for alcrfholipm 
v.-itho'jt result. Present arrest non-support and drun/cnnees. 




wMMVa 



uv 



First exposure, 10". 




B-S.V.:... Second contecutive exposure. 10 





-S.V.:.:. Third consecutive e>:poBure 10" 




B-S.V. r.. Copied frorn csrd 
— 31 



Cofe, 'V.Au., (ipe £1, malo. narrled: hlfh frade borderlsnl noron plTis 
domcntla praocox hcucphronln plus periodical nlcohollem. V.as 6 chil- 
dren llvlnp, 3 dead; hns had 4 arreete In post year; he has delueionc 
of infidelity, nccuccB v/lfc of all eorts of bestlollty, etc. ?recent 
orrcct .drun}<onne8E , nbiitc and non-cupport. 



^' 



^ 



P-£.V.!.;. First exposure. 10' 





E-S.V.^J. Second consecutive exposure, 10". 





H-L'.V.IJ. Copied fro3i card. 




. V.i;. First exposure. 10' 




H.V.'.'.. Second consecutlTe exposure, 10". 





K.V.M. Copied from card. 




:318 — 



Caee, ^.Ca., age £0. female: high grade moron plus dcnontla pruecox 
hebephrenia plus chronic aloohollen; reached sixth prade in rchool. 
"arrled age 21 to first husband, remarried one year after first hus- 
band's death; her husband is a chronic alcoholic, Vas deserted her 
a couple of times, and she has deserted him twice, the has been in 
the State Insane Asylum at Kankakee, has taken and broken the niedpe 
several timcE. In court contributing to the delinouency of her chil- 
dren. 





B-K.V.H. First exDoeure 10" 




B.E.V.M. Second coneicutlve exposure. 10 




E-E.V.M. Third consecutive exposure. 10". 




P.f.V.H. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10' 





B.E.V.K. Pifth conseevtlve exposur*, 10' 
— 3 1 !) --- 




4 



I. v.. Llxth consecutlTB expoEure. 10" 





B.E.V.M, Seventh ooneec 



utive expoBure, 10". 





J.E.V.II. 
Eighth consecutive exposure, 10" 





lvc-i/i(, w-^L A^i-t ^y, /2^y^/^. c^^— r ; 

^jrUc^^x^ a-it-x^?, C^^^xC ^^^"^ 



— 320 — 




TV 




H.V.?,'. Eecond coneecutlve expos\;re, 10". 

3, 




H.V.M. Copied fron card 



— 321 



Cnee Y.Ert. npe ZB. male. Elngle: fair Qverere Intelligence plus de- 
mentia prnieoxp^raAoldeB. He IE also oocolnlet and morpv.iniet A 
ehSrt roBumo of hlB hlEtory le elvon in the appendly.. .Ve commuted 
hlra to the -.ychop.ithlc Hot-pi tnl. '.I-.cec vlEunl nernorieE are given 
to lUuBtrate the point that v.hilc to the cREual observer they do not 
eho^ any narked peculiar ItieE. nevertheleEs to the pFychopatholosir.t 
?amiUar clth the peycholofj of dementia praecox and superimpoEed 
narcotism, they speak volumes. It tein? largely a matter of technical 
knowledge. 




E.S.V.M. First exposure, 10" 



□ 



B S V M. second consecutive exposure. 10" 

Q 





B-S.V.II. Copied from card 




'..V.K. First exposure. 10' 





H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure. ' 10" 





^•■••.M. Third 



conFeciitive oyposcre, ic 




H.V.),T. Copied fror^ card. 







ti k 



^^A^~^-^L^c(^ - "=^~^ 



;0 (► — ~ .i X^-,o7Zw^oC^ 



A^^w 



Ip-^^— I"' ^^ -^^^..^j^.,,^ jp 



uv^ 



— 323 — 



fCui-u . ...J/Iu.. ttge VI. lemule. Mirrlrd: low gre.'ic Tjoron. Jp^neiAia prap. 
COT! hcbophrnplH plus nhronlc alcobollcm. Married 14 years, 5 livirf 
ohllilron; her huebnnd Ib defective, elcobollc; bea1 k snrl abi;seB hpr 
and hes contributed little or nothing to t)ie siiprort of tte Xamily. 
Sho tr. oomplulnlng wltneee against o rran ^hon 8^c Hcoiisee of rnpr: 
oho hue tried to blackmail ueveral o'hcr rr.on alon,^ 1'>in llrn l.::t 
onsos wore olthor thrown out of court or disrirecd. 





S.V.M. Plrst exposure. 10" 



B. E.V.I'. Second consecutive exposure, 10 




E-S.V.If. Vhtrd consecutive e~T30s-rc 




,• ?ourth consecutiTe exposure. 10" 





B-3.V.M. Fifth consecutive exposure. 10". 
— 324 — 




P.S.V.W. Sixth oor.recutiv 



ive exposure, lo' 





B-S.V.X. Seventh consecutive exposure, 10 





exposure. 16"/16" 



Z.V.v. Second 



consecutive exnocure, 15"/15" 




S.V.M. Third coneecutlve exnoi 



V.V, Copied fron: card. 



urc. 10" 



— 325 — 



CnEP. R.Fr., npc ?.l, mnlfi, Blnplc; middle pr&de moron, derrjontln pr»ie- 
cox hcbcohrpiiln nluK llp)il grade chronic alcoholism. He Is a "Jack 
the Peeper." Ihlc It- cause of pretont nrrcet. School aye 6 to 14. 
renrVird foiirlh crndc. 



D 




-^.V.y.. First e^pofure. 10" 



B-1-..V.M. Seooni oonseoutlve ey.poEiire. 10'' 




B-ij.V.t:; Third consecutive exposure, 10". 
— 326 — 



( 





B.'^.V.!i. l-'ourth consecutive exposure, lo' 



nP 




-i'.V.J.;. Fifth consecutive eipofure. 10' 




E-ii.V.!,'. ii7th consecutive e ooi-ure, 10' 






H.V.M. First ext3osure. 10" 





.V.?i. Second consecutive exposure. 10". 




H.V.M. Copied fror. card. 






^28 




V.M. Seventh consecutive exposure, 10' 



i3 




B-b.V.W. Eighth consecutive exposure. 10' 




■=-£.V.!.!. Copied from card. 



— 329 — 



. V no aire zt . female, single: high grade Imbecile plue 
leAtU prioooi hebephrenia. School 7 to 12. eecond grade: 
leent arreet. disorderly conduct. 



cae 

dement 

present arree 




^O 



B-S.V.y. Second coneecntlve errpoeure, 30"; . 




di 




B-S.V.M. Copied from card. 




Z.V.i;. Fire 



t exposure, 15"/15". I 




Z.V.M. Copied from card. 
/ > 




.,th example before her. 



Case, A.Jo., age 34, male, morried: high grade moron plus epilepsy 
plus chronic alcoholisn. Previous arrest abont a year apo. sent to 
the House of Correction; present arrest non-Eupoort. Carried 9 
years. 3 children living. 



E-i:.V.!.'. First exposure. 10" 




i:.V.I.:. Copied fTOH card. 





B.V.M. First exposure, 10' 




H.V.I.:. Second consrcutive expoeure, 10' 




a.V.H. Copied from card. 



— 3:{:i — 



CiiEc. R.Ar., age 28. male, single: middle frade cioron plus de- 
mentia Draeoox hebenhrenio plus lij-ht depree chronic alcoholisrr 
School 6 to 14. fourth grade; has been in Juventle Court. He- 
form School and Houce of Correction; present arrest larceny. 





-S.V.i:. r'irst eipoEure. 10" 




--.v.;.:. Second consecutive 





B.S.v.M. Third consecutive exposure, lo" 



.v.. v.. ."•'oiirth consecutive eToosurc 




— 333 — 





V.y. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10" 





P-S.V.L:. Sixth consecut 



ecutive exposure, 10" 




Seventh consecutive exposure, 10" 




E-t.V.l'. F.ipl-th consecutive exposure. 10" 



JU 




J-S.V.I.'.. Copied from cord. 
— 334 — 




Case. P.Ee.. ag.e 25. male, single, low grade sociopath pins dener.tia 
praecoj: hebephrenia plus preparalytic dementia (euphoric stute). He 
has 6 brothers living, all chronic alcoholics; he has been arrested 
on 4 previous occasions, serving: short sentences each time. Present 
arrest sniashing iev.elry-store window with a brick and stealing jewel- 
ry; had his initial luetic lesion at age 15. 




Docure. 10' 



B-S, 



V.M. Second consecutive exposure. 10" 




;.S.V.IA. Third consecutive exposure. 10". 




-S.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10 
— 335 — 





B-S.V.M. Fifth conrecutlve exposure, 10 



B-£.V.Ii. Sixth consecutive exposure. 10'' 




E_£.V.V.. Seventh con 



-S.V.M. Klghth consecutive exposure. 10". 





B-S.V.I.'.. -linth consecu 



tive exposure, 10". 



536 — 



?-iJ. v.". . Tenth consecutive exposure, 10 



?-i;.V.!.:. Eleventh consecutive exposure. 10 




E-S.V.I.;. Thirteenth consecutive cypoi.-ure, 10' 





B-S.V.M. Fourteenth conrccutlve ryroruro, 10". 



-S.V.V. ?lfteenth consecrilive expos-ure. 10", 




P-ii.V.y. Sixteenth confecutive eypoEure, 10". 




--. /.I.r. Seventeenth coneecuti 




B-E.V.I.'. Kijrhteenth consecutii'e exposure, 10' 



B-S.V.lu'. Nineteentn coneeci:tiv 



ive exposure. 10' 



B-S.V.M. Twentieth consecutlye exposure, 10' 
— 338 — 



E-S,V.j,:. Twenty-first 



B-S.V.!.:. Twenty- 




ve exposure. 10" 





I'-S.V.I.:. Twenty-Ecventh conseciitlve exroeiire, 10". 





B-S.V.M. Twenty-eighth consecutive exposure. 10' 




P-K.V.!.'.. Thirty-first consecutive exposure. 10". 
— 340 



B-2.V.M. Thirty-second consecutive exposure 10" 




5-S.V.:;. Thirty-fourth consecutive exposure. 10" 




cTpo^ 



.re. 1^" 



— 341 — 



T-E.V.