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Published monthly by the
University of the State of New York
BULLETIN 271 NOVEMBER 1902
New York State Museum
Freperick J. H. Merriti Director
Cuares H. Peck State Botanist
Bulletin 54
BOTANY 5
ae
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1go01
BY
CHARLES H. PECK M.A.
PAGE PAGE
RRMEMACTION (a. 5'5 36 sic cu as sae aes’ <n 931 | D Remarks and observations. ...... 957
A Plants added to the herbarium... 935 | E Edible fungi..............---.. 966
B Contributors and contributions.. 939 | Explanation of plates........-...-. 978
C .Species not before reported...... OAAW lb Indes eaten, Sa eet toh er ese 983
ALBANY
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
1902
Mbio2zm-D1-2500 Price 40 cents
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C26,
1904-1924
University of the State of New York
REGENTS
With years of election
WILLIAM CroswELL Doane D.D. LL.D.
; Vice Chancellor, Albany
Martin I. TownseND M.A. LL.D. _ - Troy
CuHauncey M. Depew LL.D. = = + — New York
CHARLES E. Fitcu LL.B. M.A. L.H.D. es Rochester
WHITELAW REID M.A. LL.D. = = = — New York
Witiiam H. Watson M.A. LL.D. M.D. — a Utica
Henry E. Turner LL.D. - _ = a — Lowville
Sr Cuam McKetway M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L. Brooklyn °
DaniEL BeacH Ph.D. LL.D. - = — — Watkins
CaRROLL E. SmitH LL.D. = = = - Syracuse
Puny T. Sexton LL.D. ~— = = Be — Palmyra
T.-GvILFORD SmiTH ‘M:A: C.E. LL.D. - —- ~ Buffalo
Lewis’ As Stimson «B.A. LE.D.. MeD:\ = = — New York
ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M.D. - Albany
CHARLES R. SKINNER M.A. LL.D.
Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio
Cursterss, Lorp NEAL LL:D. =. 2 -— = — Brooklyn
Timotuy L. Wooprurr M.A. Lieutenant Governor, ex officio
Joun T. McDonoucu LL.B. LL.D. Secretary of State, ex officio
Tuomas A. HeNpRick M.A. LL.D. -— ~ = Rochester
BENJAMIN B. ODELL yR LL.D. Governor, ex officio
RosBert C. Pruyn M.A. - + = = — Albany
Wixtiiam NottincHaM M.A. Ph.D. - = - Syracuse
One vacancy
SECRETARY
Elected by Regents
1900 JAMES RussELL Parsons JR M.A. LL.D.
DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS
1888 MeELVvIL DEwry M.A. LL.D. State Library and Home Education
1890 JAMES RussELL Parsons JR M.A. LL.D.
Administrative, College and High School Depts
18go0 FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Ph.D. State Museum
University of the State of New York
New York State Museum
FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Director
Cuares H. Pecx State Botanist =!" ™
nw
Bulletin 54
BOTANY 5
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST Igor
T'o the Regents of the University of the State of New York
I have the honor of submitting to you the report of work done
in the botanical department of the state museum during the
year 1901.
Specimens of plants for the herbarium have been collected in
the counties of Albany, Essex, Franklin, Rensselaer, Warren
and Washington. Specimens have been received from corres-
pondents, either as contributions or for identification, that were
collected in the counties of Albany, Columbia, Chautauqua,
Essex, Franklin, Herkimer, Monroe, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario,
Schoharie, St Lawrence, Warren and Washington. The number
of species of which specimens have been collected and added to
the herbarium is 374. Of these, 57 were not before represented
in it. Of the newly represented species, 37 are found in the
collections of the botanist, 20 in those of his correspondents, and
of the whole number, 16 are considered new to science and are
described as such in the following pages. All of these are
fungi and with one exception belong to the collections of the
botanist. Specimens of the remaining 317 species make the
representation of these species more complete and satisfactory.
Of these, 282 belong to the collections of the botanist and 35 to
those of his correspondents. A list of the names of the added
species is marked A.
The number of those who have contributed specimens for the
herbarium or for identification is 34. Of these, 14 have sent
extralimital specimens. A list of the names of the contributors
and of their respective contributions is marked B,
932 NEW YORK STADE MUSEUM
A record of species not before reported, with notes concern-
ing them, time and place of collecting the specimens and descrip-
tions of new species is marked C.
A part of the report containing remarks on _ previously
recorded species and descriptions of new varieties is marked D.
The investigation of our edible species of mushrooms has been
continued. Of those whose edible qualities have been tried, 11
species have been thought worthy of addition to the list of
edible fungi. Descriptions of these may be found in a part of
the report marked E. Colored figures of these and also of seven
of the new species have been prepared.
At the request of the director of the state museum a botanical
exhibit was prepared for the Pan-American exposition at Buf-
falo. But little time was given for the preparation of this
exhibit, yet specimens were selected from material on hand that
should fairly represent the herbarium, and the principal divi-
sions and groups of plants that constitute our state flora. Seed-
bearing or flowering plants, ferns and fern allies, mosses,
lichens, marine algae and fungi were all represented by speci-
mens of one or more species. So far as possible, specimens were
selected that have more or less economic importance and there-
fore popular interest, because of some utility of the plants them-
selves or of some of their products, or because of some injurious
character either as troublesome weeds or harmful or destructive
parasites or saprophytes. Among the parasitic fungi the smuts
were represented by several species because they are so injuri-
ous to our crops of cereals. Among saprophytic fungi those
destructive to wood and also those valued for their edibility
were specially represented. The specimens placed on exhibition
have been safely returned to the herbarium, but those of the seed-
bearing plants have suffered a little deterioration in appearance
because of their long exposure to strong light. Their green
color has faded.
The herbarium has been moved from the capitol to geological
hall where it has a place far more suitable, more commodious,
better lighted, more convenient for botanical work and more
accessible to the public. Thanks are due to all who have aided
in bringing about this change. It is very desirable that it may
not again be necessary to store any part of it where it may not
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 933
be under the immediate control of the botanist in charge. Such
a condition of things, as in the present case, is very likely to
result in injury to or loss of specimens. Some of the stored
specimens were destroyed by insects, some by moisture, haying
been placed apparently where they became wet by a leak in the
roof. A glass case containing puff balls was broken and its
contents spoiled or destroyed, and two boxes, one containing
specimens and the other mushroom models, could not be found.
The room in geological hall which has been assigned to the
botanical department is on the second floor in the southern
extension of the building. It is divided into two parts, the front
part being used as a show room and containing the sections of
the trunks of our trees arranged in wall cases, and photographs
and thin sections of the wood of the trees exhibited in swing-
ing frames supported by upright standards. It is expected also
to contain table cases in which will be exhibited specimens of
our edible and poisonous mushrooms and other plants or parts
or products of plants that may have such importance or eco-
nomic value as to be of special public interest. The rear part
of the room contains the office of the botanist, the library, the
herbarium and duplicate specimens together with specimens of
extralimital species. It will also be used in part as a botanical
workroom.
Several species of thorn recently described, having been
reported as occurring at Crown Point, that locality was visited
late in May with the purpose of collecting flowering specimens:
for the herbarium. The thorn shrubs and small trees were
found in abundance along the northern and western shores of
the promontory, and about the ruins of the old fort. Their
leaves were generally badly infested by plant lice, a condition
which it is said is repeated every year. The cockspur thorn is
the prevailing species and was in better condition than the
others. The large fruited thorn, Crataegus punctata,
the long spined thorn, C. macracantha, the Champlain
thorn, C. champlainensis, Pringle’s thorn, C. prin-
glei, and the pruinose fruited thorn, C. pruinosa, were
found there.
The last three are additions to the previously known species
of our flora. The red seeded dandelion, Taraxacum ery-
934 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
throspermum, and the flickweed, Sophia sophia,
were also found there and are additions to our flora.
In July a trip was made to North Elba, specially to visit Mt
Clinton and the southeastern cliffs of Mt Wallface. Mt Clin-
ton is the most southern of the three prominent peaks in the Mt
McIntyre range and so far as known to me had never been
visited by any botanist. Its open summit was found to be less”
extensive than had been anticipated and it furnished no addi-
tions to our flora. The alpine juniper, Juniperus com-
munis alpina, was found there in greater abundance
than on the higher summit of Mt McIntyre and was fruiting
sparingly. The dwarf paper birch, Betula papyracea
minor, was also abundant and fruiting freely though only
2 or 3 feet high. The arbor vitae, Thuja occidentalis,
in a dwarf irregular form ascends to the open summit of the
mountain.
On the southeastern cliffs of Mt Wallface the twisted whitlow-
grass, Draba incana arabisans, was found in abund-
ance in fruiting condition. It probably flowers here in June.
Fine fruiting specimens of the spiked wood-rush were associated
with it. This had been previously discovered on the top of Mt
Wallface. This mountain is at present the only locality known
to me in our state where these two plants are found.
In August, Bolton and the surrounding region on the west
shore of Lake George was explored botanically and found to be
prolific in fungi. Showers had been frequent and weather con-
ditions were favorable to the growth of mushrooms. In this
visit and a subsequent one in September, which was extended
northward to Hague, many species of fungi were added to the
list of New York plants and several were tried and found wor-
thy of addition to our list of edible mushrooms.
Respectfully submitted
CHARLES H. Prox
State botanest
Albany, 17 Dec. 1901
REPORT OF THP STATE BOTANIST 1901
935
PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM
New to the herbarium
Conringia orientalis (L.) Dwmort.
Geum vernum T. & G.
Crataegus champlainensis Sarg.
GC. pringlei Sarg.
C. holmesiana Ashe
C. pruinosa Wend.
Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Britton
Antennaria parl. arnoglossa Fern.
Centaurea jacea L.
Lactuca morssii Robins.
Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz.
Hedeoma hispida Pursh
Panicularia laxa Scribn.
Mylia anomala (Hook.) 8S. F. Gray
Scapania irrigua (Nees) Dwmort.
Cetraria aurescens Tuckm.
Stereocaulon denudatum F!.
Endocarpon fluviatile DO.
Pannaria leucosticta Tuckm.
Lepiota adnatifolia Pk.
Tricholoma rimosum Pk.
Clitocybe regularis Pk.
C. subeconcava Pk.
Pleurotus minutus Pk.
Lactarius foetidus Pk.
Hygrophorus glutinosus Pk.
Volvaria speciosa Fr.
Ne hypopithys Fr.
Cortinarius submarginalis Pk.
C. obliquus Pk.
Cortinarius violaceo-cinereus (Pers.)
Fr.
Boletus multipunctus Pk.
Fistulina pallida B. & R.
Poria myceliosa Pk.
Hydnum umbilicatum Pk.
Thelephora exigua Pk.
oY, multipartita Schw.
Corticium portentosum B. & C.
BF arachnoideum Berk.
Peniophora parasitica Burt
Jes affinis Burt
Asterostroma bicolor 2. & E.
Clavaria-bicolor Pk.
Phallogaster saccatus Morg.
Cyathus lesueurii Tul.
Didymium fairmani Sace.
Physarella multiplicata Macb.
Empusa grylli F'resen.
Marsonia pyriformis (Riess) Sace.
Septoria polygonina Thum.
Chalara paradoxa (Seynes) Sace.
Colletotrichum antirrhini Stewart
C. rudbeckii. Pk.
Helvella adhaerens Pk.
Lachnella corticalis (Pers.) Fr.
Anthostoma dryophilum (Curr.)
Sace.
Mycenastrum spinulosum Pk.
Not new to the herbariwm
Clematis virginiana L.
Trollius laxus Salisb.
Ranunculus bulbosus L.
Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton
Berberis vulgaris L.
Podophyllum peltatum JL,
‘Castalia tuberosa (Paine) Greene
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.
Dentaria laciniata Wwhl.
(aay maxima Nutt.
Draba incana arabisans Vz.
Xanthoxylum americanum (Mill.)
Rhus copallina L.
Vacearia vacearia (L.) Britton
Lychnis flos-cuculli LZ.
Malva sylvestris L. j
936
Amorpha fruticosa L.
Meibomia paniculata (L.) Kuntze
Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Moench
Cassia marylandica L.
Polygala viridescens L.
Spiraea salic. latifolia Ait.
Potentilla arguta Pursh
Rubus strigosus Va.
Crataegus macracantha Lodd.
C. modesta Sarg.
Ludwigia alternifolia LD.
Chamaenerion angustifolium
Scop.
Onagra biennis (L.) Scop.
Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray
Viburnum pauciflorum Pylaie
Galium verum L.
Valerianella chenopodifolia (Pursh)
DC.
Aster vimineus Lam.
A. lateriflorus (L.) Britton
Solidago juncea Ait.
Ss. caesia DL.
Galinsoga parviflora Cav.
Antennaria neodioica Greene
Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Hitch.
ip spi. integrifolia (@Gr.) Hitch.
Onopordon acanthium L.
Rudbeckia triloba L.
Gaylussacia resinosa (Ait.) T. & G.
Kalnia angustifolia L.
Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B. 8S. P.
Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr.
Dianthera americana L.
Cuscuta epithymum Murr.
Scrophularia leporella. Bickn.
Pentstemon pentstemon (L.) Britton
Solanum carolinense L.
Tetragonanthus
Kuntze
Monarda fistulosa L.
Euphorbia platyphylla L.
Myosotis verna Nutt.
Chenopodium anthelminticum L.
Betula pap. minor Tuchm.
(L.)
deflexus (Sm.)
NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
Hickoria minima (Marsh.) Britton
Juniperus com. alpina Gaud.
Potamogeton lonchites T'wekm.
1243 obtusifolius M. & K.
Gyrostachys gracilis (Bigel.) Kuntze
G. romanzofiana (Cham.)
MacM.
Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.
Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.
Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze
Eleocharis ovata (Roth) R. & 8S.
EK. diandra Wright
Eriophorum virginicum L.
Scirpus peckii Britton
Ss. rubrotinetus Fern.
S. atrocinetus Fern.
Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl
Fimbristylis autumnalis (Z.) R. & 8.
Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Brit-
ton
Panicum dichotomum LD.
Agrostis alba L.
Poa flava L.
Panicularia canadensis (Mz.) Kuntze
Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.
Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll.
Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) Gray
D. spin. dilatata (Hoffm.)
Underw.
Woodsia obtusa Torr.
Botrychium lanceolatum Angst.
B. matricariaefolium A. Br.
iB: obliquum Muhl.
B. dissectum Spreng.
Equisetum lit. gracile Milde
Lycopodium annotinum L.
ies tristachyum Pursh
Sphagnum pylaesii Brid.
Dicranum elongatum Schwaegr.
Tetraphis pellucida Hedw.
Hedwigia ciliata Ehrh.
Polytrichum strictum Banks.
Riccia fluitans L.
Marchantia polymorpha L.
Theloschistes parietinus (L.) Norm.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901
_Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach.
C. nivalis Ach.
Baeomyces aeruginosus (Scop.) DC.
Stereocaulon paschale (L.) F'r.
Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm.
Cr eristatella Tuckm.
C. cornucopioides (L.) Fr.
C. uncialis (L.) Fr.
C. rangiferina (L.) Hoffm.
Calicium subtile Pers.
Amanita phalloides Fr.
A. frostiana Pk.
A. spreta Pk.
tA. muse. formosa (G.é R.) Fr.
Amanitopsis volvata (Pk.) Sace.
A. vaginata (Bull.) Roze
Lepiota friesii Lasch.
acutesquamosa Weinm,
felina Pers.
granulosa Batsch
rugosoreticulata Lorin.
cristatella Pk.
illinita Fr.
Tricholoma russula (Schaeff.) Fr.
rutilans (Schaeff.) Fr.
variegatum (Scop.) Fr.
tricolor Pk.
peckii Howe
fallax Pk.
alboflavidum Pk.
fuligineum Pk.
album (Schaeff.) Fr.
Piiiewe anisaria Pk.
dealbata Sow.
Ee vee die eye
PH HAH HHS
adirondackensis Pk.
laccata (Scop.) Fr.
ochropurpurea Berk,
Collybia radicata (Relh.) Fr.
platyphylla Fr.
maculata (A. € 8S.) Fr.
butyracea (Bull.) Fr.
dryophila (Bull.) Fr.
esculentoides Pk.
velutipes (Curt.) Fr.
aeaaa
aeaane
infundibuliformis (Schaeff.)
Collybia confluens (Pers.) Fr.
Mycena immaculata Pk.
M. galericulata (Scop.) Fr.
M. pseudopura Cke.
Omphalia umbellifera (L.) Fr.
O. atratoides Pk.
©: fibula (Bull.) Fr.
O. swartzii Fr.
O. camp. sparsa Pk,
Hygrophorus laurae Morg.
ET pratensis (Pers.) Fr.
H. chlorophanus Fr.
i3e nitidus B. & C.
Lactarius cilicioides Fr.
| |e indigo (Schw.) Fr.
1G. chelidonium Pk.
L. subpurpureus Pk,
L. aquifluus Pk.
ie theiogalus (Bull.) Fr.
L. chrysorrheus Fr.
L. pyrogalus (Bull.) Fr.
L. alpinus Pk.
L. camphoratus (Bull.) Fr.
Russula decolorans Fr.
R. rugulosa Pk.
Cantharellus floccosus Schw.
C. umbonatus Fr,
C. lutescens Fr.
Nyctalis asterophora Fr.
Marasmius peronatus Fr.
M. subnudus (Ellis) Pk.
M. semihirtipes Pk.
M. spongiosus B. & C.
M. impudicus Fr.
Lentinus ursinus Fr.
L. lepideus Fr.
Panus stipticus (Bull.) Fr.
Lenzites bet. radiatus Pk.
L. sepiaria Fr.
i: vialis Pk.
Entoloma sinuatum Fr.
E. sericeum (Bull.) Fr.
Clitopilus micropus Pk,
C. abortivus B. & 0.
Pholiota squarrosa Mull.
937
938
Pholiota praecox Pers.
Inocybe infelix Pk.
1G geophylla Sow.
Stropharia aeruginosa (Ourt.) Fr.
Hypholoma incertum Pk.
‘ET aggre. sericeum Pk.
Cortinarius berlesianus Sacc.
C. sublateritius Pk.
Boletinus pictus Pk.
Boletus bicolor Pk.
chrys. deformatus Pk.
pallidus Frost
variipes Pk.
eximius Pk.
ornatipes Pk.
felleus Bull.
eyanescens Bull.
Fistulina hepatica Fr.
Polyporus ovinus (Schaeff.) Fr.
poripes F'r.
J
resinosus (Schrad.) Fr.
chioneus Fr.
adustus (Willd.) Fr.
gilvus Schw.
Gloeoporus conchoides Mont.
Fomes lucidus (Leys) F'r.
1 applanatus (Pers.) Wallr.
rs td td ry tH
F, fomentarius (L.) Fr.
F, _Toseus (Al ES) ii
oe eonchatus (Pers.) Fr.
Polystictus radiatus Fr,
124 hirsutus Fr.
P. pergamenus Fr,
Pp: pseudopergamenus
(Thum.)
Poria subacida Pk.
jer mutans Pk.
Trametes trogii Berk.
“ib sepium Berk.
bh serialis Pr.
Yds cinnabarina (Jacq.) Fr.
Daedalea confragosa Pers.
1D), unicolor Fr.
Cyclomyces greenii Berk.
confluens (A. é 8S.) Fr.
re eee
NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
Caldesiella ferruginosa (Fr.) Sace.
Hydnum secrobiculatum Fr.
isl zonatum Batsch
Jal vellereum Pk.
1a. septentrionale Fr.
Irpex lacteus Fr.
It ambiguus Pk.
Mucronella min. conferta Pk.
Craterellus lutescens (Pers.) Fr.
C. cornucopioides (L.) Pers.
C. cantharellus (Schw.) Fr.
1
Thelephora caryophyllea (Schaeff.)
Pers.
Stereum fasciatum Schw.
Ss. complicatum Fr.
Hymenochaete tabacina (Sow.) Lev.
Corticium evolvens Fr.
C. alutaceum (Schrad.)
C. investiens (Schw.)
C. lilacino-fuscum B. & C.
Guepinia spathularia (Schw.) Fr.
Clavaria flava Schaeff.
C. cristata Pers.
C. gracilis Pers.
C. pyxidata Pers,
C. circinans Pk.
C. pinophila Pk.
C. aurea Schaeff.
G: pulehra Pk.
Physalacria inflata (Schw.) Pk.
Phallus ravenelii B. é C
Cyathus striatus (Huds.) Hoffm.
Bovista plumbea Pers.
Scleroderma vulgare Hornem.
S. verrucosum (Bull.) Pers.
Calvatia cyathiformis (Bosc.)
Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsch
1b. pyriforme Schaeff.
Dy subinearnatum Pk.
L. cruciatum Rost.
Ts frostii Pk.
L. curtisii Berk,
Fuligo ovata (Schaeff.) Macb.
Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) Macb.
Reticularia lycoperdon Bull.
Spumaria alba (Bull.) DO.
REPORT OF THE STATP BOTANIST 1901
Physarum compressum A. € S,
‘Tilmadoche viridis (Bull.) Sace.
Diachaea leucopoda (Bull.) R.
D. subsessilis Pk,
Didymium melanospermum (Pers.)
Macb.
‘Stemonitis fusca (Roth) R.
8. smithii Macb.
‘Comatricha stemonitis (Scop.) Shel-
don
‘C. aequalis Pk.
Dictydium cancellatum (Batsch)
Lachnobolus globosus (Schw.) R.
Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers.
AY. denudata (L.) Sheldon
A. nutans (Bull.) Grev.
Hemitrichia vesparium (Batsch)
Trichia favoginea (Batseh) Pers.
Uredo polypodii (Pers.) DC.
Coleosporium solidaginis (Sehw.)
Melampsora farinosa (Pers.) Schroet.
939
Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung.
U. utriculosa (Nees) T'ul.
1k anomala Kze.
Septoria irregularis Pk.
S. acerina Pk.
Pilacre faginea (Fr.) B. & Br.
Monilia fructigena Pers.
Ramularia tulasnei Sace.
Glomerularia corni Pk.
Spathularia crispa Pk.
S. clavata (Schaeff.)
Leotia lubrica (Scop.) Fr.
| Helvella infula Schaeff.
Ee gracilis Pk.
Vibrissea truncorum (A. € S.)
Lachnella citrina Pk,
Dasyscypha bicolor (Bull.) Fekl.
Phyllachora pteridis (Reb.) Fckl.
Rhytisma acerinum (Pers.) Fr.
Hypoxylon perforatum: Schw.
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS
Mrs N. L. Britton, New York
‘Gymnostomum rupestre Schwaegr.
Seligeria doniana (Sw.) All.
Dicranella heteromalla Schp.
Dicranum fulyum Hook.
D. flagellare Hedw.,
Didymodon rubellus B. & S.
10) riparius Aust.
Grimmia apocarpa Hedw.
Hedwigia ciliata Ehrh.
Amphoridium lapponicum Schp.
Drummondia clavellata Hook.
Ulota hutchinsiae Schp.
Tetraphis pellucida Hedw.
Bartramia pomiformis Hedw.
Philonotis fontana Brid.
Bryum roseum Schreb.
Webera albicans Schp.
Mnium affine Bland.
M. punctatum Hedw.
M. elatum B. € S.
M. spinulosum B. & S.
Pogonatum alpinum Roehl.
Diphyscium foliosum Mohr.
Fontinalis antip. gigantea Sull.
Leptodon trich. immersus Sul.
Homalia jamesii Schp.
Myurella careyana Sull.
Anomoedon rostratus Schp.
A. attenuatus Huweben.
A. viticulosus H, & T.
Cylindrothecium ecladorrhizans Schp.
Climacium americanum Brid.
Hypnum delicatulum L.
jak rusciforme Weis.
jel pulechellum Dicks.
18k reptile Mz.
Jak imponens Hedw.
H. haldanianum Grev.
H. eugyrium Schp.
ist brevirostre Hhrh.
rat triquetrum L,
H. radicale Bv.
Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach.
Mitrula phalloides (Bull.) Chev.
940 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Mrs M. A. Knickerbocker, Douglaston
Centaurea jacea L. | Galium verum L.
Miss Emma 8. Thomas, Schoharie
Lepiota acutesquamosa Weinm, | Lycoperdon pyriforme Schaef.
Miss Harriet A. Edwards, Port Henry
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.
Mrs G. M. Dallas, Philadelphia Pa.
Thelephora caespitulans Schw.
Mrs T. B. Bishop, San Francisco Cal.
Xerophyllum tenax Nutt.
Miss M. L. Overacker, Syracuse
Podophyllum peltatum L. Lythrum salicaria LD,
Viola striata Ait. Stropharia aeruginosa (Owrt.)
Crepis virens L. }
Miss N. L. Marshall, New York
Volvaria hypopithys Fr.
E. A. Burt, Middlebury Vt.
Poria subtilis (Schrad.) Bres. Dacryomyces deliquescens (Bull.
Corticium sulphureum Pers. Dub.
Peniophora parasitica Burt Grandinia granulosa Fr.
Asterostroma bicolor #. & E. |
M. L. Fernald, Cambridge Mass.
Carex atlantica Bailey | Carex elachycarpa Fern.
B. D. Gilbert, Clayville
Botrychium dissectum Spreng. | Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh
C. G. Lloyd, Cincinnati O.
Calostoma cinnabarinum Desv, ; Lycoperdon glabellum Pk.
Geaster coliformis (Dicks.) Pers.
G. B. Fessenden, Boston Mass.
Pluteolus coprophilus Pk.
F. C. Stewart, Geneva
Oolletotrichum antirrhini Stewart Marsonia pyriformis (Riess) Sacc.
CO. rudbeckiae Pk.
S. H. Burnham, Vaughns
Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton
E. B. Sterling, Trenton N. J.
Phallogaster saccatus Morg. | Morchella angusticeps Pk.
J. J. Hastings, Albany
Clitoeybe multiceps Pk. Hypholoma incertum Pk.
Pholiota praecox Pers.
RHPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 941
E. B. Conger, Peninsula O.
Erythronium albidum Nutt.
H. L. Clapp, Roxbury Mass.
Hygrophorus ventricosus B. & Br.
J. B. Ellis, Newfield N. J.
Phyllosticta limitata fructigena Ellis
F. S. Boughton, Pittsford
Polyporus morgani Frost Fistulina pallida B. & R.
Lycoperdon frostii Pk.
A. P. Hitchcock, New Lebanon
, Boletus felleus Bull.
Rev. J. M. Bates, Callaway Neb.
Tylostoma campestre Morg. Catastoma subterraneum Pk,
A poculatum White Geaster campestris Morg.
Simon Davis, Boston Mass.
Armillaria nardosmia Ellis Rhizopogon rubescens Tul.
Hygrophorus sordidus Pk. Scleroderma verrucosum (Bull.)
ist pallidus Pk. Pers.
Russula ventricosipes Pk.
W. F. Bade, Bethlehem Pa.
Anychia dichotoma Ma.
C. S. Banks, Manila, Philippine islands
Aquilegia canadensis L. Asarum canadense L.
Trifolium repens L. Eriophorum polystachyon LZ.
Potentilla canadensis L. Oarex sterilis Willd.
Geum rivale L. Onoclea sensibilis L.
Hamamelis virginiana L. Adiantum pedatum LZ,
Zizia aurea (L.) Koch Asplenium platyneuron LZ.
Rumex acetosella L. Dryopteris acrostichoides (M@.)
Cypripedium hirsutum Mill.
F. J. Braendle, Washington D. C.
Polyporus lacteus Ir. | Clavaria grandis Pk.
J. V. Haberer, Utica
Ranunculus bulbosus L. Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze
Trollius laxus Salisb. Polygala viridescens L.
7. e laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. Sarothra gentianoides L.
Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort.
Dentaria laciniata Muhl,
D. maxima Nutt.
Vaccaria vacearia (L.) Britton
Geum yvernum 7. & G.
Galium mollugo L,
Valerianella chenopodifolia (Pursh)
DC.
Vernonia gigantea (Walt.)
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd.
|
| Hieracium praealtum Vill.
942
Rhododendron maximum L.
Lysimachia quadrifolia L.
‘Tetragonanthus deflexus
Kuntze
Monarda fistulosa L.
Hedeoma hispida Pursh
Koellia virginiana (L.) MacM.
(Sm.)
Pentstemon pentstemon (L.) Britton -
Dianthera americana L.
Scirpus sylvaticus L.
S. rubrotinctus Fern.
Eriophorum virg. album Gray
Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl
NEW YORK STATHR MUSEUM
Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Brit-
ton
Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) R. é 8.
Eleocharis diandra Wright
E. vigens (Bailey)
Botrychium lanceolatum Angst.
B. matricariaefolium A. Br.
B. obliquum Muhl.
B. tern. intermedium
Eaton
Equisetum lit. gracile Milde
Lycopodium inundatum L.
H. H. Hume, Lake City Fla.
Exobasidium peckii Halst.
Entomosporium maculatum Lev.
Pyricularia grisea (Cke.) Sace.
Sorosporium everhartii HL. & G.
Puccinia graminis Pers.
Jed fuirenae Cke. .
1&4 hydrocotyles (Mont.) Cke.
122 hieracii (Schwm.) Mart.
Ravenelia glanduliformis B. € @.
Uromyces elegans (B. & C.) Lagh.
We ealadii (Schw.) Farl.
1 Bf spermacoces (Schww.)
Thum.
We graminicola Burrill
WE hedysari paniculati
(Schw.)
Ustilago floridana E. & E£.
Caeoma nitens Schw.
Scolecotrichum caricae EL. & E.
Thecapsora vacciniorum B. &é C.
Phyllosticta nerii West.
1e7 roberti B. & J.
1ex phaseolina Sace.
124 ipomaeae EL. & K.
123 phomiformis Sace.
EB: vaceinii Harle
12% caryae Pk.
iP ecurtisii (Sace.) HE. é E.
le livida FE. é& E.
124 acericola C. & E.
Pestalozzia palmarum Cke.
ek crataegi E. & E.
Septoria oenotherae West.
8. lycopersici Speg.
8. drummondii 2. & B.
Graphiola phoenicis (Moug.) Poit.
Macrosporium asimini Hume
M. solani #. & M.
Helminthosporium ravyenelii B. € C.
Peronospora gonolobii Lagh.
Plasmopara cubensis (B. € C.) Hume
Cystopus candidus (Pers.) Lev.
C. ipomaeae-panduratae
(Schw.)
Exoascus varius Atk.
Cercospora petersii (B. & C.) Atk.
flagellaris EZ. & M.
hamamelidis H. & B.
phyllitidis Hume
hibisci T. & E.
vignae LH. & E.
callicarpae Cke.
hydrocotyles E. & E.
ricinella S. & B.
apii Fes.
beticola Sacc.
catalpae Wint.
Sphaerostilbe coccophila T'wul.
Meliola palmicola Wint.
Asterina inquinans 2. & B.
Taphrina caerulescens (D. & M.)
Phyllactinia suffulta (Reb.) Sace.
Uncinula elintonii Pk.
Microsphaera quercina (Schw.) Burr,
M. calocladophora Atk.
Sphaeria andropogicola Schw.
Rhytisma yvaccinii Larle
Linospora ferruginea FH, & M.
Phyllachora cyperi Rehm.
Phkeospora mori Sace. {
Re ecceae aaa >
REPORT OF THP STATE BOTANIST 1901 943
Mrs Carolyn W. Harris, Brooklyn
Usnea barbata (L.) Fr. ' Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Fr.
Uz. barb. florida Fr. Ee sax. suleata NVyl.
‘w; barb. rubiginosa Mer. |e sax. panniformis (Ach.)
oF longissima Ach. 124 caperata (L.) Ach.
Alectoria jub. chalybeiformis Ach. 13h conspersa (Hhrh.) Ach.
Ramalina calic. fastigiata Fr. 1s borreri Turn.
ais ealic. farinacea Schaer. 124, physodes (L.) Ach.
Byvyernia prunastri (L.) Ach. ree tiliacea (Hoffm.) Fl.
Cetraria ciliaris Ach. Physcia stellaris (L.) Tuckm.
C. lacunosa Ach. | ey aquila (Ach.) Nyl.
(o} aurescens T'uckm. Theloschistes polycarpus (Hhrh.y
Sticta pulmonaria (L.) Ach. Tuckm.
S. amplissima (Scop.) Mass. Pannaria lanuginosa (Ach.)
Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Hoffm. jee leucosticta Tuckm.
J22. eanina (L.) Hoffm. Leptogium pulchellum (Ach.) Nyl.
Ee polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. | L. lacerum (Sw.) Fr.
EX rufescens (Neck.) Hoffm. L. tremelloides (Z.) Fr.
12h pulverulenta (Tayl.) Nyl. Collema flaccidum Ach.
Umbilicaria dillenii Tuckm. Stereocaulon paschale (L.) Fr.
Us vellea (Z.) Nyl. Cladonia squamosa Hoffm.
Ws muhlenbergii (Ach.) | C. fure. racemosa Fl,
Tuckhm. Endocarpon fluviatile DC.
U. pustulata (L.) Hoffm. BH. min, complicatum
Pyxine sorediata Fr. Schaer.
Solorina saccata (L.) Nyl. E. min. aquaticum Schaer.
Parmelia perlata (L.) Ach.
Mrs E. Watrous, New York
Cortinarius violaceo-cinereus (Pers.) Fr.
Mrs E. C. Anthony, Gouverneur
Uredo polypodii (Pers.) DC.
M. S. Baxter, Rochester
Graphiola phoenicis (Woug.) Poit.
George E. Morris, Waltham Mass.
Tricholoma peckii Howe , Cordyceps ophioglossoides (Ehrh.).
Mycena strobilinoidea Pk. ae 8
Hygrophorus pudorinus Fr. | Helvella erispa (Scop.) Fr.
Cortinarius sanguineus (Wulf.) Fr. iE: ephippium Lev.
Boletus parasiticus Bull. lal; macropus brevis Pk.
Mutinus ravenelii (B. & C.) Fisch.
Calvatia elata (Mass.) Morg.
Hypoxylon howeanum Pk.
Cordyceps capitata (Holmsk.) Lk.
Geoglossum farlowi Cke.
G. peckianum Cke.
Bulgaria rufa Sechw.
944 NPW YORK STATH MUSEUM
SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED
C
Thalictrum occidentale Gray
Shore of Lake Champlain near Port Henry. The leaves of
this plant bear some resemblance to those of Thalictrum
dioicum, but in stature and time of flowering it suggests T.
purpurascens to which it was doubtfully referred in a
former report.
Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort.
Along the N. Y. C. railroad near Utica. J. V.Haberer. This
is an introduced plant having a tendency in some places to
become a troublesome weed.
Sophia sophia (l.) Britton
Thin soil in rocky places. About the ruins of the old fort on
Crown Point. May. ThisisSisymbrium sophia L.
Geum vernum T. & G.
Mohawk flats. Deerfield, Oneida co. Abundant in a meadow
near a little lake on the north side of Mohawk river about a
mile below Utica. It may have been introduced from the west.
It is distinguished from closely related species by its stalked
receptacle. June. J. V. Haberer.
Crataegus champlainensis Sarg.
Crown Point and near North Albany. May and June. The
species of Crataegus have recently been made the subject of
special investigation by some of the botanists in this country.
The result has been the recognition of many species previously
overlooked or confused with other known forms. Good specific
characters have been found in parts of the plant formerly dis-
regarded or considered unreliable in the identification of species..
Crataegus pringlei Sarg.
Crown Point and near North Albany. Mayand June. This
species may be recognized by the peculiar habit of its foliage.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 945
The mature leaves, by the deflection of their margins, have a
drooping appearance, the upper surface being convex, the lower
concave. This is shown to some extent in the dried specimens in
the herba®ium. The leaves do not flatten fully in the plant
press but present folds or wrinkles when dried.
Crataegus modesta Sarg.
Dry hills and slaty knolls. Near North Albany and Lansing-
burg. June. The specimens which we have referred to this
species meet the description fairly well but the plant is quite
variable. On dry clayey hillocks north of Albany it has a strag-
ygling starved appearance, bears small leaves and few or no
thorns. On slaty knolls north of Lansingburg it is more thrifty,
has larger leaves which are often somewhat three lobed by rea-
son of the greater development of the basal lobes, and it bears
more numerous thorns which are sometimes 2 inches long. It
flowers a little later than the two preceding species and is also
later in ripening its fruit. It is a rather small shrub, usually
4 to 6 feet high.
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe
Near North Albany and Lansingburg, also in Sandlake where
it is the prevailing species. May. The number of stamens
varies from 5 to 8, and serves when the plant is in blossom as a
distinctive mark of the species. The fruit ripens early in Sep-
tember and has an agreeable flavor.
Crataegus pruinosa Wend.
Crown Point, North Albany and Lansingburg. The pruinosity
of the fully grown fruit is a convenient mark for the recognition
of this species.
Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Britton
Stony, hilly pastures. New Hartford, Oneida co. September.
J. V. Haberer.
Antennaria parlinii arnoglossa Fern.
Pastures. Crown Point. May.
946 NEW YORK STATD MUSEUM
Centaurea jacea L.
Douglaston, Queens co. August. Mrs M. A. Knickerbocker.
It has also been reported from Deerfield by Dr Haberer but I
have seen no specimens from that locality. The plant is some-
times cultivated for ornament and has escaped from cultivation.
Arctium minus Schk.
Near Loon lake station. July. This was formerly considered
a variety of A. lappa.
Lactuca morssii Robins.
Clearings and waste places. North Elba and Loon lake sta-
tion. July. In general appearance this species resembles L.
canadensis and L. leucophaea. From the former
it may be distinguished by its purplish or violet colored flowers
and the shorter beaked achenia, from the latter by its snowy
white pappus.
Hedeoma hispida Pursh
Thin naked soil covering rocks. Little Falls. June. Prob-
ably introduced from the west. J. V. Haberer.
Panicularia laxa Scribn.
Margin of a pond near Loon lake station. July. The speci-
mens have the small few-flowered spikelets of this species but
the upper sheaths do not overlap as in the typical form.
Mylia anomala (Hook.) S. F. Gray
Marshes. West Fort Ann. November. S. H. Burnham.
Scapania irrigua (Nees) Dumort.
Marshes. West Fort Ann. October. S. H. Burnham.
Stereocaulon denudatum F1.
Bare rocks. Mt Marcy, Mt McIntyre and Mt Wallface. July.
All the specimens are sterile.
a
Endocarpon fluviatile DC.
Near Chilson lake. June. Mrs C. W. Harris.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 947
Cetraria aurescens Tuckm.
Bark of pine, Pinus strobus. Near Chilson lake. June.
Mrs C: W. Harris.
Pannaria leucosticta Tuckm.
Granitic rocks. Near Chilson lake. July. Mrs Harris.
Lepiota adnatifolia n. sp.
Pileus thin except in the center, broadly convex or nearly
plane, minutely granulose or squamulose, isabelline, alutaceous
or reddish ferruginous, the margin usually appendiculate with
fragments of the veil, flesh white; lamellae thin, moderately
close, adnate, white; stem short, generally slightly thickened at
the base, solid when young but sometimes becoming stuffed or
hollow with age, glabrous or slightly squamulose below the
small often evanescent ring, pallid or subrufescent; spores
minute, .0002—.00024 of an inch long, .00016-.0002 broad.
Pileus 1-2.5 inches broad; stem 1-—1.5 inches long, 2-4 lines
thick. Ground under pine trees. Bolton and Hague, Warren
co. September.
The color ornamentation and size are nearly the same as in
L. granulosa, from which it differs in its slight veil, larger
spores and specially in its adnate lamellae. By this character
some species of Lepiota show an affinity with the genus Armil-
laria. Our four species having this character may be indicated
by the subjoined synoptic table.
Plant growing on the ground 1
Plant growing on decaying wood L. granosa
1 Plant having a disagreeable odor L. rugosoreticulata
1 Plant inodorous 2
2 Stem 1-2 lines thick, pileus generally umbonate L. amian-
thina
2 Stem 2-4 lines thick, pileus not umbonate. L. adnati-
folia
Tricholoma rimosum n. sp.
Pileus fleshy, convex becoming nearly plane, often split on
the margin, glabrous, hygrophanous, watery brown and shining
948 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
when moist, paler when dry, flesh colored like the pileus when
moist, whitish when dry, taste farinaceous; lamellae thin,
narrow, very close, rounded behind, adnexed, uneven on the
edge, whitish or subcinereous; stem nearly equal, silky-fibrillose,
hollow, whitish; spores elliptic, .0003-—.00035 of an inch long,
.00016-.0002 broad.
Pileus 1-1.5 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, i.5—-2.5 lines
thick. Woods. Bolton. September. .
This species is related to T. humile from which it may be
distinguished by its smaller size, hollow silky fibrillose stem,
the rimose margin of the pileus and its farinaceous taste.
Clitocybe regularis n. sp.
PLATE K, FIG. 1-7
Pileus thin, flexible, broadly convex becoming nearly plane,
often slightly depressed, in the center, orbicular, regular,
whitish when moist, white when dry, flesh white, taste mild;
lamellae thin, narrow, crowded, decurrent, whitish;. stem firm,
equal, glabrous, solid, rarely with a very small cavity, whitish,
spongy thickened at the base; spores minute, .0002 of an inch
long, .0001-.00012 broad.
’ Pileus 1-2.5 inches broad; stem about 1 inch long, 1.5—2.5 lines
thick. Among fallen leaves in woods. Bolton. August.
This species is related to C. tornata, from which it differs
in its thin flexible moist pileus, its distinctly decurrent lamellae
and in its solid stem with the spongy mass of mycelioid tomen-
tum at the base.
Clitocybe subconcava n. sp.
PLATE K, FIG. 8-13
Pileus thin, convex, deeply umbilicate, glabrous, hygrophan-
ous, brownish or reddish brown and usually striatulate on the
decurved margin when moist, whitish when dry; lamellae arcu-
ate, decurrent, close, pallid or subcinereous; stem equal, firm,
solid or stuffed, sometimes with a small cavity, slightly fibril-
lose, colored like the pileus; spores minute, .0002-.00024 of an
inch long, .00012-.00016 broad.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 949
Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 1.5-2 lines thick.
Pine woods. Bolton. August.
Closely related to C. concaya from which it may be separ-
ated by its much smaller spores and paler color. The decurved
margin of the pileus is even, not wavy as in that species. It is
also allied to C. cyathiformis and C. expallens,
from both of which its-smaller spores and deeply umbilicate
pileus separate it. It is without any distinctive odor.
Pleurotus minutus n. sp.
e
Pileus minute, reniform or suborbicular, at first resupinate,
‘sometimes becoming reflexed with age, often slightly depressed
. in the center; flocculose pruinose, white, the margin involute;
lamellae unequal, very narrow, distant, decurrent, white or
whitish; stem short, eccentric, curved, pruinose, whitish with a
white mycelioid tomentum at the base.
Pileus 1-2 lines broad; stem about 1 line long. Much decayed
wood of birch.. Near Loon lake. July.
The very small size, narrow distant decurrent lamellae and
pruinose pileus and stem are the prominent characters of this
minute species. The specimens are sterile.
Lactarius foetidus n. sp.
Pileus fleshy, firm, nearly plane or centrally depressed, min-
utely downy or velvety, pale yellow or buff, becoming brownish
where bruised, flesh whitish, milk white, taste mild, odor fetid;
lamellae subdistant, adnate or slightly decurrent, yellowish
white, becoming reddish brown where wounded or bruised; stem
short, equal, solid, glabrous, whitish; spores broadly elliptic or
subglobose, .00024—.00032 of an inch long, nearly as broad.
Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 4-6 lines thick.
Low damp ground in woods. Snyders, Rensselaer co. August.
The fetid disagreeable odor and buff color of the pileus are
distinguishing characters of this rare species. The downy sur-
face of the dry pileus is soft to the touch, like that of L.
vellereus.
950 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Hygrophorus glutinosus n. sp.
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, glutinous, white, sometimes tinged
with yellow by the drying of the gluten, the margin involute,
flesh white; lamellae subdistant, adnate, white; stem equal,
solid, white, floccose tomentose and glutinous below the glutin-
ous annulus, studded above with glandular drops of moisture
which in drying form reddish dots; spores .0003—.0004 of an inch
long, .0002—.00024 broad.
Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem about 1 inch long,3—4 lines thick.
In the fresh plant the lower part of the stem appears to be
coated with a floccose tomentum smeared with gluten, in the
dried plant the gluten assumes an orange yellow or bright straw
color and the tomentum disappears. The species differs from
H. gliocyclus in its adnate lamellae and from H. ebur-
neus in its solid stem with reddish points at the top.
Volvaria speciosa Fr.
Westfield, Chautauqua co. June. E. B. Sterling.
Volvaria hypopithys Fr.
Lake Placid. September. Miss N. L. Marshall.
Cortinarius submarginalis n. sp.
PLATE L, FIG. 6-10
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex becoming nearly plane, or concave
by the elevation of the margin, viscid when moist, yellowish
brown, generally a little paler on the rather definite and com-
monly fibrillose margin, flesh whitish; lamellae thin, close, ad-
nate, creamy yellow when young, soon cinnamon; stem rather
long,equal or slightly thickened at the base, solid, silky fibrillose,
slightly viscid, whitish or pallid; spores subelliptic, .0004—.0005
of an inch long, .0002—.00024 broad.
Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 3-6 inches long, 4—6 lines thick.
Low moist places in woods. Bolton. August.
The margin of the pileus is generally paler than the rest and
separated from it by a definite line. It is from 3-6 lines broad
P REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 951
and is sometimes curved upward and conspicuously fibrillose.
This difference between the margin and the rest of the pileus is
not clearly shown in the dried specimens. The species belongs
in the section Myxacium.
Cortinarius obliquus n. sp.
PLATHP L, FIG. 1-5
Pileus rather thin, broadly convex or nearly plane, dry, silky
fibrillose, white or grayish, generally with a slight violaceous
tint, flesh whitish; lamellae thin, close, adnate or slightly
rounded behind, minutely crenulate on the edge and obscurely
transversely striate on the sides, deep violet becoming cinna-
mon brown with age; stem equal, solid, shining, silky fibrillose,
whitish tinged with violet, violet within, with an abrupt flat-
tened oblique bulb at the base; spores elliptic, uninucleate,
..0003 of an inch long, .0002 broad.
Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 3—5 lines thick.
Among fallen leaves in woods. Bolton. August.
This species is well marked by the white or grayish white
pileus, the deep violet or almost amethystine color of the young
‘lamellae and the oblique flattened bulb of the stem. I1t belongs
to the section Inoloma. C.albidus Pk. has an oblique bulb
at the base of the stem and a white pileus but it belongs to the
section Phlegmacium as its pileus is viscid. Its young lamellae
-are also white.
Cortinarius violaceo-cinereus (Pers.) Fr.
Pine woods. Hague, Warren co. June. Mrs E. Watrous.
A large cespitose form. A scattered or gregarious form occurs
in woods near Bolton. September. In Systema mycologicwm and
in Epicrisis, Fries gives C. violaceo-cinereus as the
name of the species, but in Hymenomycetes Europaei he changed
the form of the name to C. cinereo-violaceus without
giving any reason for the change. This name has been adopted
in Sylloge, but we have retained the older form.
952 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Boletus multipunctus n. sp.
PLATE K, FIG. 19-22
Pileus fleshy, convex or nearly plane, dry, brownish ocher,.
sometimes with a slight reddish tint, the central part adorned
with many minute slightly darker areolate spots or dots, flesh
whitish, taste mild; tubes small, adnate or depressed about the
stem, ventricose in the mass, the mouths subrotund, at first
whitish, becoming greenish yellow; stem equal or tapering
upward, pallid, solid, fibrous striate; spores dark olive green,
oblong, .00045—.0006 of an inch long, .00016—.0002 broad.
Pileus 38-5 inches broad; stem 3-5 inches long, 4—8 lines thick.
In woods. Bolton. August.
The species belongs to the section Edules. It was not found
in sufficient quantity for testing its edibility but it is probably
edible.
Fistulina pallida B. & R.
Pittsford, Monroe co. July. F. 8S. Boughton. These specie
mens correspond to the description of F. pallida except in
their larger size. They are distinct from F. firma Pk. in
their darker color and decurrent tubes.
Poria myceliosa n. sp.
Subiculum membranaceous, separable from the matrix, com
nected with white branching strands of mycelium which per-
meate the soft decayed wood, or with radiating ribs which run
through the broad sterile fimbriate white margin; pores very
short, subrotund angular or subflexuous, the dissepiments thin,
acute, dentate or slightly lacerate, pale yellow; spores minute,
subglobose, .00008—.00012 of an inch broad. Round Lake, Sar-
atoga co. August.
This fungus forms patches several inches in extent on much
decayed wood of hemlock. It follows the inequalities of the
surface on which it grows. It is scarcely more than half a line
thick. The pores develop from the center toward the margin
and at first are mere concavities in the subiculum. The species:
is apparently related to P. tenuis Schw., from which it
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 953
differs in habitat, color and the prominent mycelial strands.
In this last character it bears some resemblance to
Powe tLlan ti B(DC.)- Fr:
Hydnum umbilicatum n. sp.
PLATE K, FIG. 14-18
Pileus fleshy, convex, glabrous, umbilicate, reddish buff or
burnt sienna color, flesh white, taste mild; aculei plane in the
mass, fragile, nearly equal, a little paler than the pileus;
stem nearly equal, glabrous, solid, whitish; spores globose,
.0003-.0004 of an inch in diameter.
Pileus 6-18 lines broad; stem 1-1.5 inches long, 2-4 lines
thick. Among fallen leaves in woods. Hague. September.
This species is related to H. repandum and H. rufe-
scens, from both of which it is easily separated by its small
but usually deep and distinct umbilicus. Sometimes a definite
line separates the paler margin from the more highly colored
center of the pileus. In the last report it was mentioned as a
form of Herufesce ns’.
Thelephora multipartita Schw.
Grassy ground under trees. Bolton. August. This species
is variable in size, in the number of divisions of the pileus and
consequently in its general appearance. It is related to T.
anthocephala and T. caryophyllea, but the upper
surface of the pileus or of its component parts is usually paler
than in these species.
Thelephora exigua n. sp.
Pileus very thin, submembranaceous, tubaeform or infundi-
buliform, faintly radiately fibrous striate, slightly lacerate on
the margin, pale alutaceous; hymenium even or faintly striate,
pruinosely pubescent, pallid; stem slender, solid, pruinosely
pubescent, brownish; spores elliptic, .00016 of an inch long,
about half as broad.
Pileus 1.5-3 lines broad; stem 2-3 lines long. Vegetable
mold. Westport, Essex co. October.
954 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
This minute species may be separated from T. ravenelii
Berk. and T. regularis Schw. by its smaller size and by
the minute pubescence of its hymenium and stem.
Corticium portentosum B. & C.
Decorticated wood of spruce. North Elba. July.
Corticium arachnoideum Berk.
Decorticated wood of pine. Bolton. September.
Peniophora affinis Burt in litt.
Bark of dogwood, Cornus florida. East Schodack.
August. Closely allied to P. laevis (Fr.) Burt.
Peniophora parasitica Burt in litt.
Under side of branches of juniper, Juniperus com-
munis, lying on the ground. Hague. September.
Asterostroma bicolor E. & E.
Decaying wood of spruce. Floodwood, Franklin co. August.
HA. Burt: .
Sebacina calcea (Pers.) Bres.
Under side of dead spruce branches. Hague. September.
Clavaria bicolor n. sp.
Small, 8-12 lines high, gregarious; stem slender, .5—1 line
thick, straight or flexuous, solid, tomentose, pale yellow, divided
above into two or more short, orange colored compressed
branches which are themselves once or twice dichotomously
divided, tips acute, concolorous.
Under pine trees. Bolton. September.
The rather tough tomentose stem indicates an affinity to the
genus Lachnocladium.
Phallogaster saccatus Morg.
Decaying wood. Westfield, Chautauqua co. June. E. B.
Sterling.
Cyathus lesueurii Tul.
Lyndonville, Orleans co. C. E. Fairman. Also in Bethlehem,
Albany co. In our specimens there are small cavities in the
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 955
interior of the peridium near its base in each of which a
sporangiole rests. The funiculus is short, but when moist it
can be stretched to a great length. This species may be dis-
tinguished from C. vernicosus by the less spreading mar-
gin of the open peridium and by its much larger spores.
Craterium minimum B. & C.
Dead sticks and leaves. West Albany. C. cylindricum
Massee is a synonym.
Craterium minutum (Leers) Fr.
On mosses. East Berne, Albany co. August.
Didymium fairmani Sacc.
On foliage of two leaved Solomon’s seal, Unifolium
canadense. Ridgeway, Orleans co. C. E. Fairman.
Closely allied to D. melanospermum, from which it
differs in its rather smaller peridium and spores. The typical
form is sessile, but specimens sometimes occur with a short
slender stem. ,
Physarella multiplicata Macb. in litt.
Spreading over ground and living plants. Menands, Albany
co. June. The white plasmodium spreads over anything in its
way and the mature fungus develops from it in 24 hours in
very warm weather.
Empusa grylli Fresen.
It attacks and kills grasshoppers. Surfaces on which the
dead bodies of the grasshoppers rest become whitened by the
pyriform conidia of the fungus shed from the bodies of the
insects.
Marsonia pyriformis (Riess) Sace.
Upper surface of leaves of silver poplar, Populus alba.
Penn Yan. September. F. C. Stewart.
Septoria polygonina Thum.
Living leaves of the fringed black bindweed, Polygonum
cilinode. Near Loon lake. July. In our specimens the
956 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
spots on the leaves have not the violaceous margin attributed
to the typical form of the species and they are generally marked
by a few elevated lines or ridges. Their color is usually reddish
brown rather than ochroleucous. The difference in the host
plants is probably the cause of the difference in the spots.
Chalara paradoxa (Seynes) Sacc.
Decaying pineapple. Menands. June. The inner flesh of
the affected fruit is blackened by the fungus.
Colletotrichum antirrhini Stewart
Living stems and leaves of great snapdragon, Antirrhi-
num majus. Geneva. September. F.C. Stewart.
Colletotrichum rudbeckiae n. sp.
Pustules minute, numerous, closely gregarious, round or
hysteriiform, black, at first covered by the epidermis, then
erumpent; setae few, black; spores straight or slightly curved,
acute, hyaline, .0005-.0006 of an inch long, .00016 broad. Dead
stems of.cultivated cone flower, Rudbeckia laciniata.
Geneva. July. F.C. Stewart.
Helvella adhaerens n. sp.
PLATE L, FIG. 11-15
Pileus thin, irregular, deflexed, whitish or smoky white, be-
coming brownish with age or in drying, the lower margin at-
tached to the stem, even and whitish beneath; stem slender,
even, solid, pruinosely downy, smoky white or brownish, the
upper part concealed by the deflexed pileus and smaller than the
lower exposed part; asci cylindric, 8 spored; spores elliptic,
often uninucleate, .0007—.0008 of an inch long, .0005 broad;
paraphyses filiform, hyaline, thickened or subclavate at the top.
Ground in woods. Bolton and Hague. August and September.
Related to H.elastica, from which it is easily distinguished
by having the deflexed margin of the pileus attached to the
stem. When young and fresh the whole plant is whitish or
dingy white, but it is apt to become brownish with age or in
drying.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 957
Lachnella corticalis (Pers.) Fr.
Dry naked bark or among mosses on the base of living aspens,
Populus tremuloides. North Elba. July.
Orbilia luteo-rubella (Nyl.) Karst.
Damp decaying wood, specially of deciduous trees. North
Elba. July. A common species, usually becoming more highly
colored in drying.
Anthostoma dryophilum (Curr.) Sacc.
Dead branches of chestnut. Lyndonville, Orleans co. C. E.
Fairman.
Mycenastrum spinulosum Pk.
Grassy ground about the ruins of the old fort on Crown Point.
September. Three young specimens and two fragments of an
old specimen were found. This material is scarcely sufficient for
a satisfactory identification of the species, but the peculiar
threads of the capillitium and the character of the spores indi-
cate this species. The locality, however, is very distant from
that of the original specimens. It is desirable that mature
specimens in good condition may yet be found.
D
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS
Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton
Vaughns, Washington co. April. S.H. Burnham. The speci-
mens represent a variety in which each of the three lobes of
the leaf is itself three lobed.
Castalia tuberosa (Paine) Greene
Abundant in the sloughs and still waters about Fort Ann,
Washington co. In deep water the leaves float on the surface,
but in shallow water they stand erect above the surface, sup-
ported by their stout firm petioles.
Draba incana arabisans (Mx.) Wats.
Precipices of Mt Wallface. This is the only locality in the
state, so far as known to me, where this plant is found. It
flowers in June or early in July. Specimens collected July 19
were past flowering.
958 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
Meibomia paniculata (L.) Kuntze
In rocky places at Bolton a form occurs in which the midrib
and, to some extent, the principal veins are bordered by a pale
stripe.
Viburnum pauciflorum Pylaie
In our state this species is apparently limited to the Adiron-
dack region and is scarce even there. It occurs sparingly along
some of the cool shaded streams that flow down the steep rocky
sides of Mt Marcy, Mt McIntyre and Mt Clinton. It is in flower
in the latter part of June, but the fruit is not ripe before
August.
Ludwigia alternifolia L.
Abundant in a swampy place about a mile west of Menands.
The persistent colored foliaceous lobes of the calyx give it the
appearance of being in flower late in the season, even when its
fruit is mature.
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.
A pale flowered form occurs near Loon lake. It is interme-
diate between the common form and the white flowered form.
Galinsoga parviflora hispida DC.
Waste places. Bolton. August. Escaped from cultivation.
More hairy or hispid than the common form and having the
pappus narrowed above into a bristle. The upper part of the
branches and specially the peduncles are glandular hairy in our
specimens. These characters and the coarsely toothed margin
of the thicker leaves give the plant a peculiar appearance and
would seem to make it worthy of specific distinction.
Rudbeckia triloba L.
East Schodack, Rensselaer co. August. Neither the Manual
nor the Jllustrated flora credits this species to New York, but
it has been found growing wild in Dutchess and Ulster counties.
The station in Rensselaer co. is the most northern one in which
I have found it.
Gaylussacia resinosa glaucocarpa Robinson
Fort Ann, Washington co. and Glen lake, Warren co. August.
S. H. Burnham.
REPORT OF THD STATE BOTANIST 1901 959
Euphorbia platyphylla L.
Rare. On the east shore of Bulwagga bay southeast of Port
Henry. September.
Betula papyracea minor Tuckm.
Plentiful and fertile on the open summit of Mt Clinton.
Juniperus communis alpina Gaud.
The alpine juniper is more abundant on Mt Clinton than on
the higher summit of its near neighbor, Mt McIntyre. It bears
fruit sparingly here. The arbor vitae, Thuja occident-
alis, ascends to the open summit of this mountain, but the
trees are small and unthrifty.
Potamogeton lonchites Tuckm.
Small but fertile plants of this pond weed and of P. obtusi-
folius, occur in shallow water in a small pond near Loon
lake station.
Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze
The spiked wood rush was found growing on the top of Mt
Wallface in 1898. This remained the only known station for it
in our state till this year. In July fine fruiting specimens of
it were found growing near the base of the cliffs on the western
side of Indian pass near its southern end. In these specimens
the lowest fruit cluster is 1 or 2 lines distant from the rest.
Eleocharis diandra Wright
This beautiful spike rush has generally been treated as a mere
form of the ovoid spike rush, E. ovata, but a fine series of
specimens collected on the shore of Oneida lake by Dr Haberer
and contributed by him to the herbarium leads me to keep it
distinct.
Scirpus peckii Britton
A station for this rare bulrush was discovered in July near
Loon lake in Franklin co.
Scirpus rubrotinctus confertus Fern.
Swampy places near Loon lake. July. This variety was
found growing with the typical form, which is not rare in the
Adirondack region.
960 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Scirpus atrocinctus brachypodus Fern.
Swampy or wet places. North Elba and near Loon lake.
This bulrush also grows in company with the typical form and
clearly passes into it by intergrading forms. July.
Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll.
Low ground on the shore of Lake George at Hague. A form
in which all the panicles are included in the leaf sheaths, except
in occasional specimens in which the terminal panicle is ex-
serted. September.
Agrostis alba L.
Specimens of this common and useful grass were collected
near Loon lake. In them the glumes of nearly all the flowers of
the panicle are elongated to three or four times their usual size.
This gives the grass a singular appearance. These flowers are
sterile. A similar form of A. alba vulgaris is already
represented in the herbarium.
Poa flava L.
This grass usually grows in low wet ground or in marshy
places, but a slender form with small two or three flowered
spikelets scarcely more than 1 line long occurs in the Adiron-
dack region growing on rocky ledges. Specimens were collected
on the cliffs of Mt Wallface in July.
Equisetum littorale gracile Milde
Gravelly inundated shore of Oneida lake. June. J. V. Haberer.
Lycopodium annotinum L.
A slender form of this species is found in Indian pass,
- approaching variety pungens in character but having the
leaves more distant and spreading. It is intermediate between
the variety and the common form.
Lycopodium clavatum monostachyon Hook.
Rocky places. North Elba. July. Growing with the com-
mon form.
! Woodsia obtusa angusta Pk.
Rocky places in the Highlands. Specimens of this variety
were collected many years ago on Crow’s Nest mountain between
REPORT OF THR STATE BOTANIST 1901 961
Cornwall and West Point. In his List of North American
Pteridophytes, Mr B. D. Gilbert, to whom specimens were sent,
has recognized this variety and published a description of it
under the name here given. This variety is represented on the
sheet placed in the herbarium by Dr Torrey to illustrate the
species, but no locality is recorded for it. The broader or com-
mon form is represented by specimens from Rensselaer and
Warren counties,
Amanita phalloides striatula n. var.
Pileus thin, nearly plane, slightly striate on the margin, white;
stem long, slender, slightly sheathed at the base by the remains
of the ruptured volva. Bolton. August.
This amanita departs so distinctly from the character of A.
phalloides in having the margin somewhat striate, that it
would seem at first thought best to separate it as a distinct
species, but that is such a variable species and this is so closely
allied, differing only in the striate margin from small forms of
A. phalloides_verna, it seems best to regard it as a
mere variety. The pileus is 1-2 inches broad and the stem 3-5
inches long and 2-8 lines thick, with a small bulb at the base.
The annulus is well developed and the spores are globose and of
the same size as in the typical form of the species.
Amanita muscaria formosa (G. & R.) Fr.
If we regard the beautiful amanita as a mere variety of the
fly amanita it may be said to be the prevailing representative
of the species in the eastern and northern parts of the state. It
was very abundant the past season about Lake George. Its
pileus is generally pale yellow or citrine color and its warts are
also pale and easily removable. Sometimes specimens occur
which are red or orange in the center of the pileus. It is
apparently less poisonous than the true fly amanita, or else
some persons are not easily affected by it. An instance was
recently reported to me in which one person by mistake cooked
and ate two caps of it without experiencing any ill results.
This is the third person who has made a similar report to me.
962 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Still the relationship is so close between this variety and the
true fly amanita that I would not advise any one to experiment
with it as food.
. Tricholoma peckii Howe
This species agrees very closely with the description given by
Fries of Armillaria aurantia, from which it scarcely
differs except in the character of the ornamentation of the
stem and in the absence of any semblance or form of an annulus.
In our plant the scales of the stem are very small and not
verrucose nor concentrically arranged as indicated by the
Friesian description and figure of A. aurantia in Icones:
Hymenomycetum. Fries himself says that there is no distinct
annulus present in A. aurantia, but the scales of the stem
definitely and concentrically ceasing 2-3 lines from the top of
the stem afford an annular zone. It seems strange that on
such slight evidence as this he should place the species in the
genus Armillaria while its alliance with the genus Tricholoma
is much more strongly indicated by other characters. In our
plant there is a slight downy pruinosity on the margin of the
pileus in the young state, which is good evidence of its relation-
ship to the genus Tricholoma, but it is possible that this char-
acter is not present in the European plant, for I find no men-
tion made of it in the descriptions of A. aurantia. The
viscid pileus and the change of color assumed by the lamellae
with advancing age in our plant point so clearly to an intimate
alliance with such species as T. flavobrunneum, T..
vwlbobrunneum, T.. ustalis, and T. stans, .thae
stronger evidence than any we have yet seen in it would be
necessary to induce us to disregard this alliance and place it
in Armillaria. It is perhaps worthy of note that while desig-.
nating the European plant, which he considers the same as the
Agaricus aurantius of Schaeffer, as an Armillaria,
Fries, in the work already mentioned, has actually placed both
the description and the figure of it among the descriptions.
and figures of species of the genus Tricholoma, and he himself
says that the species is ambiguous between Armillaria and.
REPORT OF THP STATE BOTANIST 1901 963.
Tricholoma. We do not think there is any ambiguity about
the proper place for the American plant. Schaeffer describes
his plant as having the pileus striate with filaments, and the
stem also as striate with filaments, destitute of a veil but
having a spurious annulus. His figure supports this descrip-
tion and also indicates the presence of concentrically arranged
squamules on the stem. Gillet says that the plant has an
incomplete annulus and his figure of the species, like that of
Schaeffer, indicates one formed by the abrupt termination of
the scaly surface of the stem. He also attributes a strong
nauseous odor and an acrid and bitter taste to the plant, but
says nothing of the farinaceous odor and taste which is so evi-
dent in our plant. These discrepancies between the European
plant and the American lead us to keep our plant separate,
though it may be only a variety.
Tricholoma fallax Pk.
In Illustrations of British fungi 8:1151 this species is
figured with white lamellae. I have never seen the American
plant with white lamellae, not even when young. ‘They are
yellow when young inclining to ochraceous as they become older.
In the moist plant they are a little paler than the pileus, but
when dry they have nearly the same color.
Collybia confluens campanulata n. var.
Pileus campanulate, 1-8 inches broad; lamellae and stem
whitish or subcinereous. Growing in circles under pine trees.
Bolton. September.
This variety is remarkable for the large size and persistently
campanulate form of its pileus and for its habit of growing in
clusters which stand in arcs of circles. The clusters are often
s0 compact that the pilei are crowded and very irregular in
consequence.
Another variety was found in small quantity near Bolton in
August. Init the stem and lamellae are clear white. I would
call it variety niveipes.
964 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
Omphalia campanella sparsa n. var.
Pileus convex, with a small umbilicus; lamellae yellow, decur-
rent, rather broad, subdistant, interspaces veiny; stem long,
slender, equal, straight, glabrous, with a copious tawny tomen-
tum at the base and sometimes a slight tawny mealiness at the
top, hollow, black or brownish black.
Scattered or loosely gregarious. Among fallen leaves and
sticks under pine trees. Bolton. August. Several varieties
of this species have already been described but this corresponds
to none of them. In its habitat and mode of growth it ap-
proaches varieties badipes and papillata, from the for-
mer of which it differs in the color and character of both pileus
and stem, and from the latter in the shape of the pileus. The
small umbilicus is not deep and it sometimes contains a small
blackish papilla. The pileus is 4-6 lines broad and the stem
1-2 inches long but scarcely more than half a line thick.
Nyctalis asterophora Fr.
This fungus with us is nearly always affected by what seems
to be a parasitic fungus which covers the pileus with a pulveru-
lent coat of tawny brown or cervine stellate spores. This ap-
pears to prevent in some cases the development of the lamellae
and consequently of its own spores. But the form having
lamellae does sometimes occur. Such specimens were found
near Bolton in August. When young the pileus is white and
its margin involute. It has a farinaceous taste and odor. The
stem also is at first white externally, but brown within. It is
stuffed or hollow.. The lamellae are rather distant and nar-
row. Such specimens sometimes become pulverulent and dis-
colored after collection and before they can be dried.
Lentinus ursinus Fr.
This species varies beyond the limits assigned to it in the
description. Specimens were found growing on an old pros-
trate birch trunk, Betula lutea, near Bolton, that were
from 2-4 inches broad. When young the pileus is convex with
an involute margin, glabrous and whitish, but with advancing
f
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 965
age a fuscous tomentum appears about the base and sometimes
extends till it covers the whole surface. The flesh is rather
thick, tough and flexible, and has a hot peppery taste. The
edges of the lamellae are dentate rather than lacerate. Some-
times the pilei are clustered or imbricated.
Lenzites betulina radiata n. var.
Pileus thin, about 1 line thick, 1.5-8 inches broad, coriaceous,
velvety hairy, narrowly multizonate, beautifully radiate stri-
ate, brown, substance white; lamellae unequal, occasionally
forked, not anastomosing, smoky white or brownish. Dead
trunks of beech. Hague. September.
The radiate striate appearance of the surface of the pileus is
due to a linear arrangement of minute tufts of hairs radiating
from the base to the margin. In the description of the species
the lamellae are said to anastomose, but in this variety they do
not, and in most American specimens that I have seen and that
have been referred to this species, the Jamellae are simple or
occasionally branched. The species must be very variable if
reliance is to be placed on the illustrations of it by European
authors. Schaeffer’s table 57 represents a thin nearly plane
pale form with lamellae irregularly branched and slightly anas-
tomosing, Berkeley’s Outlines t. 15 f. 3 shows a thick triquetrous
form with lamellae abundantly anastomosing, and Cooke's Illus-
trations of British fungi t. 1145 A indicates a thin brown zonate
hairy pileus with white lamellae sparingly forked but not anas-
tomosing. This corresponds well to our common American
form except in the white color of the lamellae.
Hypholoma aggregatum sericeum n: var.
About old stumps in woods. North Bolton. September.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its
larger size and in having the pileus silky fibrillose and destitute
of spots or scales. For a more full description see the part of
this report devoted to edible fungi.
966 NPW YORK STATDH MUSEUM
Boletus chrysenteron deformatus n. var.
Pileus small, scarcely more than an inch or an inch and a half
broad, very irregular, brick red or tawny red; stem very short,
often irregular, ventricose or tapering downward.
Bare earth on sloping banks by roadside. Bolton. August.
The stem is but little longer than broad, and the pileus scarcely
rises above the surface of the earth.
Cyclomyces greenii Berk.
In 1872 a single specimen of this rare fungus was found in
Sterling, Cayuga co. A second specimen of it was found in
September of the present year near Bolton, Warren co. This
specimen is peculiar in having two stems but one pileus.
Mucronella minutissima conferta n. var.
Aculei very numerous, crowded and forming continuous
patches. Otherwise as in the typical form. Decaying wood of
birch, Betula lutea. Near Loon lake. July.
E
EDIBLE FUNGI
Tricholoma russula (Schaeff.) Fr.
REDDISH TRICHOLOMA
PLATE 77, FIG. 1-5
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex becoming nearly plane or some-
times concave above by the elevation of the margin, viscid when
moist, often minutely squamulose spotted in the center, slightly
floccose pruinose on the margin when young, pale pink or rosy
red, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, moderately close,
slightly rounded behind, white usually becoming reddish spotted
with age or where wounded; stem firm, solid, white, often with
reddish stains toward the base; spores white, .00025-.0003 of an
inch long, .00016 broad.
The reddish tricholoma is a pretty mushroom. Its cap with
us is usually a pale pink or rosy red, though the European plant
is sometimes figured with a much brighter color and the typical
form is described by Schaeffer as pale purple. He also describes:
and figures his plant as having the cap finely punctate or dotted,
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 967
but I have seen no American specimens showing this character
fully. The dots in our plant are generally limited to the central
part of the surface of the cap, and sometimes they are wanting
entirely in the young plant. The reddish color is similar to that
seen in some species of Russula and is suggestive of the specific
name of this mushroom. It may be distinguished from similarly
colored species of the genus Russula by the downy pruinosity of
the margin of the cap in the young plant, by the different texture
of its flesh and the different shape of its spores. The color of
the cap of the European plant is said to be varied sometimes
with yellow spots but I have seen no such variation in the Amer-
ican plant. The cap being viscid when moist is often soiled by
adhering particles of dirt, fragments of twigs or fallen leaves.
The gills are white but sometimes become spotted with red-
dish hues when old or bruised. They are slightly excavated or
notched on the edge at the end next the stem. The stem is
short in proportion to the size of the mushroom, solid, and com-
monly white, specially in the young plant, but when old it is
eften more or less varied with reddish stains. It is sometimes
slightly adorned with flocculent particles or scales near the top.
The cap is 2-5 inches broad; the stem 1-2 inches long and 5-8
lines thick. The plants are found late in the season growing in
thin woods either singly or in tufts. When growing in tufts
the caps are often irregular from mutual pressure. From my
own experience in eating this mushroom I am prepared to
indorse Mr MclIlvaine’s words concerning it. “It is an excellent
fungus, meaty, easily cooked and of fine flavor.”
Hygrophorus laurae Morg.
LAURA’S HYGROPHORUS
PLATE 77, FIG. 6-14
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex becoming nearly plane or centrally
depressed, sometimes umbonate, glutinous, white, usually
clouded with brown, tawny brown or reddish brown in the cen-
ter, flesh white; lamellae distant, decurrent, white; stem equal
or tapering downward, solid, glutinous, roughened at the top
968 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
with scaly points, white or yellowish white; spores white, ellip-
tic, .00025-.0003 of an inch long, .00016-.0002 broad.
This hygrophorus is a beautiful mushroom when fresh but its
cap and gills change color in drying, by which it loses much of
its beauty. ‘Both cap and stem are smeared with a
viscid substance or gluten that makes it unpleasant to
handle. In the typical form the cap is white except
in the center where it has a reddish or brownish tinge
which sometimes spreads faintly toward the margin, but
there is a variety in’ which the cap is entirely white
or only faintly tinged with yellow. We have named this variety
unicolor. Sometimes the center is slightly prominent or
umbonate and the margin is irregular or wavy. The gills are
decurrent and rather wide apart. They are white when fresh,
but like the cap they become brown or reddish brown in drying.
The stem is white or nearly so, solid, commonly tapering to a
point at the base but sometimes nearly equal in all its parts.
Its viscidity makes it difficult to pull the plant from its place of
growth with the fingers.
The cap is 1-4 inches broad; the stem 1-4 inches long and 2-6
lines thick. This mushroom grows among fallen leaves in woods
and appears during August and September. It appears to be
peculiar to this country. It is related to the ivory hygrophorus
and the goat moth hygrophorus of Europe but from the former
it differs in its solid stem, elliptic spores and change of color in
drying and from the latter by the absence of odor. I have eaten
the white form only, but give a figure of the other also.
Clitopilus abortivus B. & C.
ABORTIVE CLITOPILUS
PLATE 78, FIG. 138-19
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex nearly plane or sometimes slightly
depressed in the center, regular or occasionally irregular on the
margin, dry, clothed at first with a minute silky tomentum, be-
coming smooth with age, gray or grayish brown, flesh white, taste
and odor subfarinaceous; lamellae thin, close, adnate or strongly
decurrent, whitish or pale gray when young, becoming salmon
REPORT OF THD STATE BOTANIST 1901 969
colored with age; stem nearly equal, solid, minutely flocculose
or fibrous striate, colored like or a little paler than the pileus;
spores angular, uninucleate, salmon color, .00035-.0004 of an inch
long, .00025-.0003 broad.
The abortive clitopilus takes this name because it is usually
found growing with an imperfectly developed subglobose form
in which there is no distinction of cap, stem or gills. It is sim-
ply an irregularly rounded mass of cellular tissue of a whitish
color, originally described as a subglobose umbilicate downy
mass. It is not always umbilicate nor is the surface always
downy. It grows singly or in clusters of two or more.
The well developed form is generally a clean neat appearing
mushroom but one of a very modest unattractive grayish colored
cap and stem and with gills similarly colored when young, but
becoming salmon hued when mature. The flesh is white and has a
farinaceous taste and odor though the last is not always distinct
unless the flesh is broken. The surface of the cap is usually
coated when young by a minute silky flocculence but with
advancing age this disappears or becomes scarcely visible. The
gills are often very decidedly decurrent in old or fully expanded
plants but only slightly so in young plants. When young they
have a pale grayish color but with advancing age they assume
the salmon color of the spores. They are closely placed to each
other and not all of equal length. The stem is nearly equal in
diameter in all its parts, solid, minutely flocculose or downy
and sometimes slightly fibrous. Its color is similar to that of
the cap though it is often paler.
The cap is 2-4 inches broad; stem 1.5-3 inches long and 3-6
lines thick. The species is commonly gregarious in its mode of
growth, but sometimes it is single, sometimes tufted. It grows
on the ground and on much decayed wood, either in woods or in
open places and may be found from August to October.
When taken in good condition and properly cooked it is an
excellent mushroom. If stewed gently for a short time it is less
agreeable than if thoroughly cooked or fried in butter. The
abortive form is also edible and is thought by some to be even
better than the ordinary form.
970 NPW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Clitopilus micropus Pk.
SHORT STEMMED OLITOPILUS
PLATE 78, FIG. 1-12
Pileus thin, fragile, convex or centrally depressed, umbilicate,
silky, gray, often with one or two narrow zones on the margin,
taste and odor farinaceous; lamellae narrow, close, adnate or
slightly decurrent, gray becoming salmon color with age; stem
short, solid or with a slight cavity, often slightly thickened at
the top, pruinose, gray, with a white mycelioid tomentum at the
base; spores angular, uninucleate, salmon color, .0003—.0004 of
an inch long, .00025-—.0003 broad.
The short stemmed clitopilus is a small mushroom and not
very plentiful and for these reasons it is not very important as
an edible species, but it sometimes occurs in such abundance as
to make it possible to obtain a sufficient number for the table.
Its color is similar to that of the preceding species but in size
it is much less. Its cap is thin and tender, broadly convex or
centrally depressed. It is umbilicate and has a silky surface
which is sometimes marked with one or two narrow zones near
the margin. The gills are rather narrow and closely placed,
broadly attached to the stem or slightly decurrent, and gray
when young becoming salmon color when mature. The stem is
short even when growing among fallen leaves or in grassy
places, it is usually solid but in large or old specimens it is
sometimes hollow. Its color is similar to that of the cap but it
is slightly pruinose above and with a white tomentum at the
base. In large and irregular specimens it is sometimes
eccentric.
The cap is 6-16 lines broad; the stem is generally less than
an inch long and is 1-2 lines thick. The mushrooms are found
among fallen leaves in thin woods or in open grassy places and
occur from July to September. They have a farinaceous or
mealy flavor which is destroyed by cooking.
REPORT OF THE STATH BOTANIST 1901 971
Pholiota squarrosa Mull.
SCALY PHOLIOTA
PLATE 79, FIG. 1-7
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex or nearly plane, dry, adorned with
floccose tawny spreading or recurved scales, tawny, paler or
yellowish on the margin, flesh whitish; lamellae thin, close,
emarginate, adnexed, whitish becoming pale olivaceous, finally
brownish ferruginous; stem rather long, firm, nearly equal,
adorned with revolute scales, stuffed or hollow, tawny ferrug-
inous, paler above when young, whitish above the commonly
laciniate annulus; spores brownish ferruginous, elliptic, .00025-
.0003 of an inch long, .00016—.0002 broad.
The scaly pholiota is not a very common mushroom but it is
attractive in appearance. It is closely related to the sharp
scale pholiota which it resembles in general appearance but
from which it differs in its dry, not viscid, cap, in its scales
which are flat instead of terete and not prominent and erect’
on the disk as in that species, and in its larger spores. The
European plant is represented both by Schaeffer and by Bulliard
as sometimes having a prominent and rather pointed elevation
or umbo in the center of the cap, but I have not seen such a
form. here. In the American plant the young plant is almost
hemispheric becoming convex or nearly plane with age. Its
margin is paler than the center, fading to a yellowish color.
‘The gills are thin and closely placed side by side. At the stem
end they are more or less excavated on the edge. In the very
young plant they are concealed by the veil and the incurved
margin of the cap. They are then whitish but after exposure
they became tinged with pale yellowish green and finally they
assume a dull rusty brown hue. The stem is rather long, firm
and scaly like the cap. It is stuffed or hollow, rusty tawny and
furnished with an imperfect ragged collar near the top. This
is at the upper termination of the scaly part and above it the
stem is smooth and whitish. The cap is 2-4 inches broad; the
stem is 3-5 inches long and 4-6 lines thick. The plants grow
on old stumps and prostrate trunks of trees in woods, often
972 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
forming dense tufts. In such cases the caps are apt to be
irregular and the stems narrower toward the base. They occur
in August and September.
Hypholoma aggregatum sericeum Pk.
SILKY TUFTED HYPHOLOMA
PLATD 79, Fic. 8-14
Pileus fleshy, thin, oval when young, soon becoming campanu-
late or convex, silky fibrillose, white becoming grayish white
with age, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, close, adnate or
slightly rounded behind, concealed by the veil in the young plant
and then white, brown with a purplish tint when mature; stem
long, flexuous, hollow, striate at the top, white; spores purplish
brown, elliptic, .0003 of an inch long, .00016 broad.
The silky tufted hypholoma is so closely related to the tufted
hypholoma, Hypholoma aggregatum Pk.,, that it is
considered a mere variety of it. It differs from it in its larger —
size, in the entire absence of scales or spots from its cap and in
the broader attachment of its gills to the stem. It is also re-
lated to the European forest hypholoma, Hypholoma
silvestre Gill., from which it differs in the color of the cap
and in the absence from the cap of the broad brown or blackish
scales of that species. It has some points of resemblance to
Candolle’s hypholoma, H.candolleanum, and to the dingy
white hypholoma, H. leucotephrum, but it is to be kept
separate from these because it is not hygrophanous.
The cap is quite white when young, but with advancing age it *
assumes a more dingy or grayish hue and gradually becomes
more broadly convex. Its surface is furnished with white silky
fibrils which are suggestive of its varietal name. The margin
is often wavy or irregular because of its crowded mode of
growth and before maturity it is usually appendiculate with
fragments of the veil. The flesh is white but when the cap is
cut through vertically a narrow watery streak may sometimes
be seen along the part next the gills. The gills are concealed at
first by the copious white flocculent or webby veil. They are
REPORT OF THE STATH BOTANIST 1901 973:
then white, but after exposure they soon become brownish and
finally assume the color of the spores, which is brown tinged
with purple. They are not at all or only slightly rounded at
the stem and the edges in the mature plant often remain white.
The stems are rather long and flexuous, hollow, white, marked
with short parallel longitudinal lines at the top and sometimes
with reddish stains at the base.
The cap is 1.5-3.5 inches broad; the stem 3-5 inches long and
2-5 lines thick. The plants grow singly or in tufts about old
stumps and appear in September. They are very good as an
edible mushroom. The typical form has also been found to be
edible by one of my correspondents but I have had no oppor-
tunity to try it.
Boletus bicolor Pk.
TWO COLORED BOLETUS
PLATE 81, ric. 6-11
Pileus convex, firm, becoming softer with age, dry, glabrous
or merely pruinose tomentose, dark red becoming paler and
sometimes spotted or stained with yellow when old, flesh yel-
low, not at all or but slightly changing to blue where wounded,
taste mild; tubes nearly plane in the mass, adnate, short and
yellow when young, longer and ochraceous when mature, their
mouths small, angular or subrotund, slowly and slightly chang-
ing to blue where wounded; stem nearly equal, firm, solid, dark
red, usually yellow at the top; spores pale ochraceous brown,
narrowly elliptic or subfusiform, .0004-.0005 of an inch long,
.00016-.0002 broad. |
The two colored boletus has the cap and stem dark red or
Indian red and the tubes and flesh yellow, which is suggestive
of the name applied to it. The cap becomes paler in color and
softer in texture as it becomes older, and it often becomes yel-
lowish on the margin and spotted or stained with yellow else-
where. The surface sometimes cracks in small areas revealing
the yellow flesh beneath. The tubes are at first short and
bright yellow but they become longer and assume orchraceous
hues as they grow older. The mouths are small and the dis-
974 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
sepiments slowly assume a blue color where wounded. The
stem varies in length but it is generally nearly equal in thick-
ness in all its parts. It is colored like the cap except at the
top where it is generally yellow like the tubes. It is solid as
in most boleti and by this character it may be distinguished
from the closely related European Boletus barlae.
The cap is 2-4 inches broad; the stem 1-8 inches long and 4-6
lines thick. This boletus grows in thin woods or open places
and seems to prefer localities where chestnut trees grow. It
may be found from July to September. When properly cooked
it is tender and has a fine flavor and merits a place among first
class mushrooms.
Boletus pallidus Frost
PALE BOLETUS
PLATE 81, ric. 1-5
Pileus fleshy, convex becoming nearly plane or slightly con-
cave above by the elevation of the margin, soft, dry, glabrous,
whitish, grayish or brownish, sometimes tinged with red, flesh
white; tubes nearly plane in the mass when young, adnate or
slightly depressed around the stem, pale yellow or whitish,
usually tinged with green, becoming darker with age, their
mouths small, subrotund, the dissepiments assuming bluish
hues where wounded; stem commonly rather long, straight or
flexuous, solid, equal or slightly thickened at the base, glabrous,
whitish, sometimes streaked with brown and tinged with red
within; spores pale ochraceous brown tinged with green, sub-
fusiform, .0004—.0005 of an inch long, .0002—.00025 broad.
The pale boletus or pallid boletus is appropriately named.
Its cap and stem are not a clear white but just enough shaded
with brown to suggest the term pale. Whitish, dingy white, .
smoky white, grayish or grayish white are expressive of its
varying hues. There is sometimes a slight reddish tint in the
cap. Its color is apt to become darker in drying. Its surface
is dry and smooth or nearly so and the cuticle is sometimes
marked by fine cracks, specially on the margin. These reveal
the white flesh beneath. The tubes generally form a nearly
RPPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 975.
plane surface below, but sometimes this is distinctly concave
in the young plant and conyex in the mature one. They are
often slightly depressed around the stem and then their mouths
in the depressed part are usually a little larger than elsewhere.
Their color is a very pale yellow or greenish yellow and they
change to bluish where wounded or bruised. The stem is gener-
ally rather long and flexuous though sometimes it is short and
straight. It is solid, smooth and whitish, but sometimes
streaked with brown and tinged with red within.
The cap is 2-4 inches broad; the stem 2-5 inches long and
3-8 lines thick. The plants inhabit thin woods, groves and
open places, and may be found from July to September. This
is an excellent boletus for the table, is easily recognized and
generally free from the attacks of insect larvae. This and the
preceding species, together with the red cracked boletus,
B.chrysenteron, show how unreliable is the rule that
directs the avoidance of all boleti whose flesh or tubes change
to blue where wounded.
Boletus ornatipes Pk.
ORNATE STEMMED BOLETUS
PLATE 80, FIG. 1-5
Pileus fleshy, firm, hemispheric becoming convex or nearly
plane, minutely tomentose or glabrous, gray, grayish brown
or yellowish brown, flesh yellow; tubes nearly plane in the
mass when young, convex when old, adnate or slightly de
pressed around the stem, golden yellow, their mouths small,
subrotund; stem equal or nearly so, solid, firm, distinctly and
beautifully reticulated, yellow without and within; spores
ochraceous brown, oblong or subfusiform, .00045-.00055 of an
inch long; .00016—.0002 broad.
The attractive characters of the ornate stemmed boletus and
those by which it may readily be recognized are the beautifully
reticulated yellow stem, yellow tubes and clean dry grayish or
brownish cap. The cap is hemispheric in the young plant,
broadly convex or nearly plane in the mature one. It is dry
‘976 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
and smooth or nearly so and variable in color. The prevailing
colors are gray and brown variously blended and often inter-
mingled with yellow. It may be brown when young fading to
grayish brown or yellowish: brown when mature. The flesh is
yellow but this also varies in depth of hue. The tubes some-
times form a plane surface beneath the cap but sometimes
those around the stem are a little shorter than the rest thereby
forming a depression in the surface. They have a clear yellow
color which becomes darker with age. They do not assume
blue tints where bruised or wounded. The stem is usually of
equal thickness throughout. It is solid and reticulated with a
network of ridges from top to bottom. Its color both exter-
nally and internally is yellow.
The cap is 2-5 inches broad; the stem 2-4 inches long and
4 to 6 lines thick. This boletus grows in thin woods or in open
places. It is sometimes found on earth banks by roadsides.
It appears during July and August. It is clean, sound and well
flavored. -
Boletus eximius Pk.
SELECT BOLETUS
PLATH 80, Fic. 6-12
Pileus fleshy, very compact and globose or hemispheric
when young, becoming softer and somewhat paler with age,
dry, glabrous or nearly so, purplish brown or chocolate color,
flesh brittle, gray or purplish gray varied with darker dots,
taste mild; tubes in the young plant short stuffed or closed,
concave or nearly plane in the mass, colored nearly like the
pileus, becoming longer and sometimes convex in the mass
when older, adnate, their mouths minute, rotund; stem equal
or nearly so, sometimes slightly ventricose, solid, scurfy, colored
like or a little paler than the pileus, purplish gray within;
spores brownish ferruginous, oblong, .00045-.0006 of an inch
long, .00016-.00025 broad.
The select boletus is a large robust species nearly of one
color throughout, quite constant in its characters and easily
recognized. It has a purplish brown or chocolate color which
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 977
sometimes becomes a little paler with age. The flesh has a
grayish hue tinged with purple and in the cap varied with
darker dots. It is very firm and brittle when young but be-
comes softer with age. It is so peculiar in color and so unlike
any of our other species that it is easily recognized and needs
no extended description.
The cap is 38-10 inches broad; the stem 2-4 inches long and
6-15 lines thick. It grows in woods or their borders and
appears in July and August. It is one of the best edible species
but unfortunately it is not abundant. Its large size however,
may compensate to some extent for its deficiency in numbers.
Sometimes a single large specimen is found growing entirely
alone.
Bovista plumbea Pers.
LEAD COLORED BOVISTA
PLATD 81, ric. 12-19
Peridium globose or nearly so, 6-14 lines in diameter, smooth,
double, the exterior coat fragile, separable from the inner, break-
ing up and falling away at maturity, white when young, the
inner thin, papery but tough, smooth, plumbeous when old,
paler when first exposed, rarely becoming blackish with age,
mouth apical, small; threads of the capillitium branched, free,
the ultimate branches long, slender, gradually tapering to a
point, purplish brown; spores brown or: purplish brown, sub-
globose, .0002-.00025 of an inch long, nearly or quite as broad,
their pedicels slender, hyaline, persistent, two to three times
as long as the spores.
The lead colored bovista is a small globular puffball found
growing on the ground in grassy places or in pastures. It ap-
pears both in autumn and in spring or early summer. It varies
in size from half an inch to one inch in diameter. When young
it is white both externally and internally, and while in this
condition it is available for food. It should be discarded if
the flesh has begun to lose its white color. As it approaches
maturity the exterior coat is easily broken and removable in
flakes or fragments. Its removal reveals the pale papery but
978 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
tough and flexible inner membrane or peridium. With adyanc-
ing age this assumes a dull grayish blue or leaden hue and
opens by a small aperture at the top for the escape of the
spores. Any sudden pressure applied to it at this time will
cause the ejection of a mass of its spores in little smokelike —
puffs as in other puffballs. Occasionally old specimens are
found in which the inner peridium is almost black. The small
size, peculiar color and distinctly double coat of the immature
plant are characters which make this bovista easily recog-
nizable. Its flavor is much more agreeable than that of many
of the small species of the genus Lycoperdon.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE K
Clitocybe regularis Pk.
REGULAR CLITOCYBE
i:
_
Q
ND OF WS dS
Immature plant
Mature plant with convex cap
Mature plant with nearly plane cap
Vertical section of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Transverse section of a stem of a mature plant
Four spores x 400
Clitocybe subconcava Pk.
SUBCONCAVE CLITOCYBE
8 Plant with the cap moist
9,10 Two plants with caps dry
11 Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
12 Transverse section of a stem
18 Four spores x 400
Hydnum umbilicatum Pk.
UMBILICATE HypDNUM
14 Immature plant showing the upper surface of the cap
15, 16 Two mature plants showing both surfaces of the cap
17 Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
18 Four spores x 400
I
mt
9
bo bb
Nore oS ©
mo bd
or Wh Re
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 979
Boletus multipunctus Pk.
Many Dorrep Bouetus
Plant with a convex cap
Plant with the cap nearly plane
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores x 400
PLATE L
Cortinarius obliquus Pk.
OBLIQUB BULBED CORTINARIUS
Immature plant
Mature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores x 400
Cortinarius submarginalis Pk.
SUBMARGINED CORTINARIUS
Immature plant
Mature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores x 400
Helvella adhaerens Pk.
ADHERING MARGINED HELVELLA
Small pale plant
Large plant of darker color
Vertical section of a plant
A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores = 400
Four spores x 400
PLATE 77
Tricholoma russula (Schaeff.) Fr.
ReppIsH TRICHOLOMA
Immature plant
Mature plant with convex cap
Mature plant with cap nearly plane
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores x 400
980
ati
12
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Hygrophorus laurae Morg.
LAURA’S HyGROPHORUS
Immature plant
Mature plant with umbonate cap
Mature plant with cap nearly plane
Plant showing the colors assumed in drying
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores x 400
var. unicolor
Immature plant
Mature plant
PLATE 78
Clitopilus micropus Pk.
Suorr Stemmep CLrropr.us
Immature plant
Immature plant with the margin of the cap slightly
zoned
Mature plants with caps differing in form
Mature plant with lobed cap and eccentric stem
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
with solid stem
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
with hollow stem
Transverse section of a hollow stem
Four spores x 400
Clitopilus abortivus B. & C.
ABORTIVE CLITOPILUS
Immature plant
Mature plant with convex cap
Mature plant with the cap centrally depressed
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores x 400
Two abortive plants
ee |
_
2
m Co bo et
or) |
-l
Ot
RPPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1901 981
PLATE 79
Pholiota squarrosa Mull.
Scary PHOoLioTA
Cluster of three young plants
Immature plant
Mature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores x 400
Hypholoma aggregatum sericeum Pk.
Sirky HypHoLoMa
Cluster of four young plants
Immature plant
Mature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores x 400
PLATE 80 :
Boletus ornatipes Pk.
Ornate STEMMED BOLETUS
Immature plant
Mature plant with convex cap
Mature plant with cap more expanded
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores x 400
Boletus eximius Pk.
SELECT Bouerus
Immature plant
Mature plant with convex cap
Mature plant with cap more expanded
Mature plant of larger size
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores x 400
12,
|
-
Q
oF YS be
Soman mS
10
11
NEW YORK STATHD MUSEUM
PLATE 81
Boletus pallidus Frost
PALE BoLEtus
Immature plant
Mature plant with convex cap
Mature plant with cap more expanded
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores x 400
Boletus bicolor Pk.
Two CoLorEeD BoLYrus
Young plant
Immature plant
Mature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores x 400
Bovista plumbea Pers. .
Leap CoLorep Bovista
Immature plants differing in size
Plant nearly mature showing inner coat in three places
Mature plant with part of outer coat remaining at the
base
Mature plant with outer coat wholly gone
Small mature plant with inner coat nearly black
Part of a branching thread of the capillitium x 400
Four spores and their pedicels x 400
SNL3108 G3ILLOO ANYW WONGAH 3Lv9ITISWn
%d SNLONNdILINW SNLEIOS 22-61 ‘93 “d WOALVYOIMIGWN AWNNGAH 81-4! ‘3
3SAODOLIIO ZAVONOOENS B3SAOOLINIO YVINDSHY
Yd YVAVONOOENS SBEADOLINO 1-8 913 Yd SIMWINDSAY SSEADOLIIO 2-1 ‘os
“UBLNINd SLVLS ‘NOA1 ‘Ss SSWYr
H1I7"73SAV4°9
18p'493d4°H'D
a —— — Puare K
$$ N. ¥. STATE Mus. 55-
ee,
CH Peck,del. — ~
C.Fauset, Lith vy
JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER.
Fa. 1-7 CLITOCYBE REGULARIS px. Fic. 613 CLITOCYBE SUBCONCAVA px.
REGULAR CLITOCYBE SUBCONGAVE CLITOCYBE
Fo. 1418 HYDNUM UMBILICATUM PK.
Fic, 19-22 BOLETUS MULTIPUNCTUS px.
UMBILICATE HYDNUM
MANY DOTTED BOLETUS
V113A13H G3NIDYYW ONINSHaY
“d SN3Y3VHaY WTTSAT13H 3-11 913
SNIHYYNILYOO G3NIDYUYWENS SNIYYNILYOOS a3sing anviiso
‘d SITWNIDVWaNS SNIYVNILYOO o1-9 ‘og
“%d SNNDIIGO SNIYWNILHYOD ¢-1 ‘oY
‘USLNINd 3LVLS ‘NOAT ‘a SaWye
ft] Vasnvy |
‘l8P’H94g HD
N. ¥. STATE Mus. 55.
AXIO IO
o woe 6
@ ®: | ON
GH Peck,det. C Fausec. Lir,
JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER.
Fa. 1-5 CORTINARIUS OBLIQUUS px. Fia. 6-10 CORTINARIUS SUBMAGINALIS px,
OBLIQUE BULBED CORTINARIUS SUBMARGINED CORTINARIUS
Fi 1115 HELVELLA ADHAERENS px.
ADHERING MARGINED HELVELLA
SNYOHAOUDAM S.VHNVI VWOTOHSIHL HSIQGauY
. ‘HON AJVHNVIT SNHOHGOUDAH F1-9 “4 ‘ud (443¥H9S) YINSSNY WNOIOHOIYL s-! 4
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JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER.
Fi. 1-8 TRICHOLOMA RUSSULA (scuaerr) Fa, Fi, 6-14 HYGROPHORUS LAURAE wors. ~
REDDISH TRICHOLOMA LAURA'S HYGROPHORUS
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Fa 1-12 CLITOPILUS MICROPUS Pk. ; Fic. 13-19 CLITOPILUS ABORTIVUS B.4c.
SHORT STEMMED CLITOPILUS ABORTIVE CLITOPILUS
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EDIBLE FUNGI. PLaTe 79
N.Y. STATE Mus. 55-
CH Peck,del. C Fausec, Lith
JAMES B, LYON, STATE PRINTER.
Fa 1-7 PHOLIOTA SQUARROSA mut. Fic. 8-14 HYPHOLOMA AGGREGATUM SERICEUM Px
SCALY PHOLIOTA
SILKY HYPHOLOMA
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—— SepisLle FUNGI. PLATE 80
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JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER.
Fi, 612 BOLETUS EXIMIUS px,
SELECT BOLETUS
Fic. 1-5 BOLETUS ORNATIPES px.
ORNATE STEMMED GOLETUS
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PALE BOLETUS
TWO COLORED BOLETUS
Fic. 1219 BOVISTA PLUMBEA pens.
LEAD COLORED BOVISTA
INDEX
The superior figures tell the exact place on the page in ninths; e. g.
961 means page 961 beginning in the third ninth of the page, i. e. about™
one third of the way down.
Agrostis alba, 960°.
Amanita muscaria formosa, 961°-62'.
phalloides striatula, 961°.
Antennaria parlinii armoglossa, 945’.
Anthostoma dryophilum, 957°.
Arctium minus, 946°.
Asterostroma bicolor, 954°.
Betula papyracea minor, 959’.
Boletus bicolor, 973*-74*; explanation
of plate, 982°.
chrysenteron deformatus, 966".
eximius, 976°-77'; explanation of
plate, 981’.
multipunctus, 952"; explanation
of plate, 979".
ornatipes, 975°-76°; explanation
of plate, 981°.
pallidus, 974*-75°; explanation of
plate, 982'.
Bovista plumbea, 977*-78?; explana-
tion of plate, 982°.
Castalia tuberosa, 957’.
Centaurea jacea, 946".
Cetraria aurescens, 947".
Chalara paradoxa, 956°.
Chamaenerion angustifolium, 958*.
Clavaria bicolor, 954°.
OClitocybe regularis, 948'; explana-
tion of plate, 978".
subconcava, 9487-49’; explana-
tion of plate, 978°.
Clitopilus abortivus, 9687-699; ex-
planation of plate, 980".
micropus, 970°; explanation of
plate, 980*.
Colletotrichum antirrhini, 956°.
rudbeckiae, 956*.
Collybia confluens
963”,
campanulata,
Conringia orientalis, 944°.
Corticium arachnoideum, 954°.
portentosum, 954’.
Cortinarius obliquus, 951°; explana-
tion of plate, 979%.
submarginalis, 950°-51°; explana-
tion of plate, 979%.
violaceo-cinereus, 951%.
Crataegus champlainensis, 944%,
holmesiana, 945°.
modesta, 9457.
pringlei, 944°-45°.
pruinosa, 945*.
Craterium minimum, 955°.
minutum, 955°.
syathus lesueurii, 954°-55’.
Cyclomyces greenii, 966".
Didymium fairmani, 955*.
Draba incana arabisans, 957°.
Edible fungi, 932%, 966°-78*.
Hleocharis diandra, 959.
Empusa grylli, 9557.
Endoecarpon fluviatile, 946°.
Equisetum littorale gracile, 960°.
Euphorbia platyphylla, 959".
Explanation of plates, 978*-82".
Fistulina pallida, 952°.
Galinsoga parviflora hispida, 958°.
Gaylussacia resinosa glaucocarpa,
958°.
Geum vernum, 944°.
Gifts, 989°-43°,
Hedeoma hispida, 946°.
Helvella adhaerens, 956°; explana-
tion of plate, 979°.
Hepatica acuta, 967°.
—
984
Homatocenchrus oryzoides, 960°.
Hydnum umbilicatum, 953°; explan-
ation of plate, 978°.
Hygrophorus glutinosus, 950°.
laurae, 967°-68'; explanation of
plate, 980.
Hypholoma aggregatum sericeum,
965°, 972°-73°; explanation of plate,
981°.
Juncoides spicatum, 959°.
Juniperus communis alpina, 959?.
Lachnella corticalis, 957'.
Lactarius foetidus, 949°.
Lactuca morssii, 946°.
Lentinus ursinus, 964°-65'.
Lenzites betulina radiata, 9657.
Lepiota adnatifolia, 947°.
Ludwigia alternifolia, 958°.
Lycopodium annotinum, 960".
clavatum monostachyon, 960°.
Marsonia pyriformis, 955’.
Meibomia paniculata, 958".
Mucronella minutissima conferta,
966".
Mushrooms, 932%, 966°-78°.
Mycenastrum spinulosum, 957°.
Mylia anomala, 946".
North Elba, visited, 934°.
Nyctalis asterophora, 964°.
Omphalia campanella sparsa, 964".
Orbilia luteo-rubella, 9577.
Pan-American exposition, botanical
exhibit, 932+.
Panicularia laxa, 946°.
Pannaria leucosticta, 947%.
Peniophora affinis, 954.
parasitica, 954*.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Phallogaster saccatus, 954°.
Pholiota squarrosa, 971'-72'; explar-
ation of plate, 981’.
Physarella multiplicata, 955°.
Plants, species added to collection,
931°, 985'-39°; list of contributions,
939°-43°; species not before re-
ported, 944-57".
Plates, explanation of, 978*-82".
Pleurotus minutus, 949%.
Poa flava, 960°.
Poria myceliosa, 952°-53".
Potamogeton lonchites, 959*.
Rudbeckia triloba, 958".
Scapania irrigua, 946°.
Scirpus atrocinctus
960".
peckii, 959°.
rubrotinctus confertus, 959°.
Sebacina calcea, 954°.
Septoria polygonina, 955°-56°.
Sophia sophia, 944+.
Stereocaulon denudatum, 946°.
brachypodus,
Thalictrum occidentale, 944°.
Thelephora exigua, 9537-54".
multipartita, 953°.
Thorn, species reported on, 933°.
Tricholoma fallax, 963°. ;
peckii, 962'-63%.
rimosum, 947°-48*.
russula, 966°-67'; explanation of
plate, 979°.
Vernonia gigantea, 945°.
Viburnum pauciflorum, 958°.
Volvaria hypopithys, 950°.
speciosa, 950°.
Woodsia obtusa angusta, 960°-61°.
University of the State of New York
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Museum memoirs 1889-date. Q.
1 Beecher, C: E. & Clarke, J: M. Development of some Silurian
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Natural history of New York. 3ov. il.pl.maps. Q. Albany 1842-94.
DIVISION 1 zoOLOGY. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The New
York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto ob-
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0)
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DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; comprising
detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State of New York,
and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture, il. pl. sq. Q. Albany
1842. Out of print.
v. lL ptl Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24-+-536p. 1842.
8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text.
DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W: W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxen, Lardner
& Hall, James. Geology of New York. 4v.il. pl. sq.Q. Albany 1842-43.
Out of print..
v.1 ptl Mather, W: W. First Geological District. 37-+-653p. 46pl. 1843.
v.2 pt2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10-+437p. 17pl. 1842.
v.3 pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. 306p. 1842.
pod ng Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22-++683p. Map and 19pl.
DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmous, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York; com-
prising an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the
soils and rocks aud the natural waters of the different geological formations,
together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agricultural produe-
tions of the State. 5yv il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1846-54. Out of print.
ae of the State, their Compositien and Distribution. 11-+371p. 21pl.
a ‘
}
* Ae eee
sishin ik ae the fled of Nex York
v.2 Analyses of Soils, Plants, Cereals, ete. 84+343-++-46p. 42pl. 1849.
With BARA Solored plates.
v.3 Fruits, ete. 8-+-340p. 1851.
v.4 Plates to accompany vy. 3. 95pl. 1851.
Hand-colored.
v.5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8-+-272p. 50pl. 1854.
With hand-colored plates.
DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Paleontology of New York. 8v. il.
pl. sq. Q@. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cioth.
y.1 Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System. 23-++-338p.
99pl. 1847, Out of print.
vy.2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System.
8+-362p. 104p]. 1852. Out of print.
v.3 Organic Remams of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sand-
stone. pt1, text. 12-+532p. 1859. [$3.50] a
—— pt2, 143pl. 1861. $2.50.
v.4 Fossil Brackiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Che-
mung Groups. 11+4+1+4428p. 99pl. 1867. $2.50.
v.5 ptl Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton
and Chemung Groups. maar als 45pl. 1884. $2.50.
— — Lamellibranecbiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamiien,
Portage and Chemung Groups. 62-+293p. 51pl. 1885. $2.50.
pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text. 15-+492p.
v. 2, 120pl. $2.50 for 2 v.
v.6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamilton
Groups. 24-+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50.
v.7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oriskany, Upper Helderberg, Hamil-
ton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 64-++-236p. 46pl. 1888. Cont.
ae re to v. 5, pt2. Pteropoda, Cephalopoda and Annelida. 42p. 18pl.
1888. $2.50.
v.8 ptl Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachiopoda.
16+-367p. 44pl. 1892. $2.50.
—— pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16-+-394p. 84pl. 1894. $2.50.
Museum handbooks 1893-date. 71%4x12% cm.
In quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as
below. ,
H5 New York State Museum. r4p.il. 3c.
Outlines history and work of the museum; with list of staff and scientific
publications, 1893.
H13 Paleontology. 8p. 2¢.
Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition ;
“aa to biology; Relation to stratigraphy; History of paleontology in New
ork
H15 Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York.
120p. Se.
Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of paleozoic rocks, pre-
pared specially for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint them-
selves more intimately with the classic rocks of this State.
H16 Entomology. 8p. Out of print.
H17 Geology. Jn preparation.
Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State
of New York. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to 1 inch. Out of
print.
New edition in preparation.
' Printed also with Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th museum report, v. 1.
Geologic Map of New York. t1goz. Scale 5 milesto 1inch.
atlas form $3, mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 6oc.
The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange,
Dutchess, Putnam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and
Nassau counties, and parts of Sullivan, Ulster and Suffolk counties; also north-
eastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut.
; Published monthly by the
University of the State of New York
BULLETIN 286
MAY 1903
New York State Museum
FREDERICK J. H. Merrivt Director
Cuartes H. Peck State Botanist
Bulletin 67
BOTANY 6
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 ©
BY
CHARLES H. PECK
PAGE PAGE
PUILPOMMCUOM nas sot cs. cect. os 3 | F Plants of the Susquehanna
A Plants addedtotheherbarium 7 valley and adjacent hills of
B Contributors and _ contribu- Tioga county. Frank E.
io 2 Re eae es 10 FERHOs<*. 2.3% ks Soe ee 47
C Species not before reported... 18 | Explanation of plates........... 160
D Remarks and observations... 32 | Plates M, N, 82-84........ follow 163
Peamediple fanpy. .. cose reek OO) An Ox Fy Sas ss chs «2 3 ee 165
. ALBANY
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORE
1903
Mb108m-Ja3-2500 : Price 50 cents
University of the State of New York
REGENTS
With years of election -
1892 WiLL1AM CROSWELL Doang D.D. LL.D..
_ Chancellor, Albany
1878 WHITELAW REID M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor, New York
1877 CHAuNCEY M. DEPEW LL.D. - - - - New York
fon HARES . ritce L1,.B..M:A. L.ED. -= Rochester
1881 WintLiAM H. Watson M.A. M.D. LL.D. - Utica
1881 Henry EF. TurnER LL.D. - - - - Lowville
1883 St CLrarr McKetway M.A. L.H.D. LL.D.
D.C.L. Brooklyn
1885 DaniEL BEAcH Ph.D. LL.D: - - - - Watkins
1888 CARROLL E. SmitH LL.D. - - - - Syracuse
1390, Priny T. Sexton LL.D. - - - - Palmyra
1890 T. GuitForD SmitH M.A. C.E. LL.D. - Buffalo
1893 Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D. M.D. - - New York
1895 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M.D. - Albany
1895 CHARLES R. SKINNER M.A. LL.D.
~ Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio
to? CarstEeR S. Lorp-M.A. LL.D. - - - Brooklyn
1900 THomas A. HENpRIcK M.A. LL.D. - - Rochester
1901 BENJAMIN B. ODELL JR LL.D. Governor, ex officio
1901 RoBERT C. PRuyN M.A. - re - - Albany
1902 WittiAmM NoTrinGHAM M.A. Ph.D. - - Syracuse
1903 FRANK W. HicGcINs Lieutenant Governor, ex officio
1903 JoHN F. O’BRIEN Secretary of State, ex officio
1903 CHARLES A. GARDINER LL.B. M.A. Ph.D. - New York
1903 CHARLES S. FRANCIS B.S. -, ~ - - - Troy
SECRETARY
Elected by Regents
1900 JAMES RUSSELL PARSONS JR M.A. LL.D.
DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS 2
1888 Mreivit DEwEy M.A. LL.D. State Library and Home Education
1890 JAMES RUSSELL PARSONS jr M.A. LL.D.
Administrative, College and High School Dep’ ts
1890 FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Ph.D. State Museum
University of the State of New York
New York State Museum
FreverRick J. H. Merritt Director
Cuarves H. PEcK State Botanist
Bulletin 67
BOTANY 6
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
To the Regents of the University of the State of New York
I have the honor of submitting to you the report of work done
in the botanical department of the State Museum during the past
year.
Specimens of plants for the herbarium have been collected in
the counties of Albany, Columbia, Essex, Fulton, Hamilton,
Herkimer, Oneida, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Suffolk, Washington
and Westchester. Specimens have been received from correspon-
dents that were collected in the counties of Albany, Cayuga, Dela-
ware, Erie, Essex, Herkimer, Monroe, New York, Oneida, Onon-
daga, Ontario, Saratoga, Schenectady, Seneca, Schoharie, St
Lawrence, Suffolk, Tioga, Wayne and Westchester.
The specimens collected and contributed represent 289 species,
of. which 235 belong to the collections of the botanist, 54 to those
of correspondents; 59 are new to the herbarium, 230 are now more
fully and completely represented than before. Of the 59 species,
' 17 are considered new species and are herein described as such.
Of these, 15 are among the collections of the botanist, two belong
to those of correspondents. All of the new species are fungi.
The number of species added to the flora of the State is 73, but
{4 of these have previously been united with other species either
as forms or varieties. They have recently been published as dis-
tinet species and are now included in the additions to our flora.
A list of the species of which specimens have been added to the
“herbarium is marked A.
4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Names of species added to our flora, together with notes con-
cerning their habitats, localities, time of collection of the speci-
mens and descriptions of new species, are contained in a part of
the report marked C.
The number of persons who have contributed specimens is 52.
Their names and their respective contributions are recorded in
a part of the report marked B. Some of these contributions
consist of specimens of extralimital species and are not included
in the enumeration just given. Some of the specimens were
sent for identification ; but, if for any reason their preserva-
tion seemed desirable and they were in sufficiently good con-
dition, they have been preserved and credited to the sender
as a contribution. The number of those who have sent specimens
for identification is 90. The number of species identified for them
is 1054. These are chiefly fungi.
Remarks and results of observations on previously reported
species, new stations of rare plants, unusual habitats and descrip-
tions of new varieties are given under D.
During summer and early autumn the weather was un-
usually wet and showery, a condition often supposed to be favor-
able to mushroom growth. Nevertheless, the result was by no
means an abundant crop. Many species which in ordinarily
moist seasons grow gregariously or are scattered through fields
and woods in abundance were either wholly wanting or were few
and far apart. Certain species of Amanita, Lepiota, Lactarius
and Russula, which are usually common were noticeably scarce
or not seen at all. The common mushroom crop was almost a com-
plete failure. The prevailing low temperature combined with an
excess of moisture probably prevented the development of the
mycelium and caused the absence of many species. But oppor-
tunity was afforded for the trial of the edible qualities of several
of our wild mushrooms. Of those tested, eight species have been
found edible. Colored figures of natural size have been prepared
to illustrate these, and descriptions have been written according
to the plan followed in similar cases in previous reports. These
descriptions constitute a part of the report marked E.
The investigation of our Crataegus flora, which was begun last
year, has been continued. The close resemblance many of our
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 5
species of Crataegus have to each other and the need of a correct
knowledge of all their distinguishing characters in order to
identify the species satisfactorily, make it necessary to have
specimens showing flowers, mature fruit, immature and mature
foliage. Our species blossom in May and early in June, but do
not ripen their fruit till late in August, during September and
early in October. It is therefore necessary to make at least two
collections of samples from each individual tree or shrub to be
identified. One taken in flowering time will show the flowers and
young leaves, the other taken in fruiting time should show the
ripe fruit and mature leaves. It is desirable also to have samples
of young and vigorous shoots with their mature leaves, which
often differ somewhat from the leaves of ordinary shoots; also of
twigs of the first and second year’s growth and of the early
growth of the season with stipules and thorns. Specimens of all
the unrecognized species of Crataegus growing in the vicinity of
Albany and in the Champlain valley from Fort Ann on the south
to Westport on the north and in North Elba have been collected.
The localities in the immediate vicinity of Albany have been vis-
ited several times; those in the Champlain valley, in North Elba
and the country between it and Westport twice; once in May and
early June and once in September. A large amount of material
has been collected, duplicate specimens having in all cases been
taken. By reason of the peculiar difficulties attending the iden-
tification of these plants, owing to the confusion of species and
the omission in older descriptions of any record of characters now
deemed important, it has seemed best to avail myself of the aid
of Professor C. 8. Sargent, the distinguished dendrologist and
specialist in this branch of botany. Accordingly a set of these
specimens has been sent to him for identification.
Mr F. E. Fenno, an active botanist of Tioga county, has from
time to time contributed to the herbarium specimens of rare and
interesting plants from his county. He has given much time to
the collection and study of the plants of his region and has
recently sent me a very full annotated list of the species known
from his own observation to occur there. In all doubtful cases
these have been identified by specialists. The Illustrated Flora
6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
has chiefly been followed in the arrangement and nomenclature
of the list, and the territory covered is described as the Susque-—
hanna valley and adjacent hills of Tioga county. This territory
includes the greater part of the southern half of the county. It
is apparently rich in species, the list containing a remarkable
number for such a limited region. It has therefore seemed to me
desirable that this list should be published. It, with the Flora
of the Upper Susquehanna by W. N. Clute, will give a very fair
knowledge of what species of flowering plants and ferns occur
in the southern central part of our State and will be an aid in
determining the range of little known and rare species. It has
therefore been added to this report as appendix F.
Respectfully submitted
CHARLES H. PECK
State Botanist
Albany, Dec. 3, 1902
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
A
PLANTS ADDED TO
New to the
Delphinium ajacis L.
Lepidium ruderale L.
Hypericum boreale (Britton) Bickn.
Lactuca seariola L.
Ifypochaeris radicata L.
‘Artemisia stelleriana Bess.
Xanthium commune Britton
Aster roscidus Burgess
Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter
Antennaria fallax Greene
A. ambigens (Greene) Fern.
A. brainerdii Fern.
A. petaloidea Fern.
Pottia riparia Aust.
Yortula ruralis Ehrh.
Racomitrium heterostichum Brid.
Enealypta rhabdocarpa Schwaegr.
Hypnum lindbergii Limpt.
Liochlaena lanceolata Nees
Tricholoma radicatum Pk.
Clitocybe inversa (Scop.) Fr.
Mycena rugosoides Pk.
Hygrophorus subrufescens’Pk.
Lactarius luteolus Pk, |
Russula magnifica Pk.
ina earlei Pk.
Marasmius biformis Pk.
M. leptopus*Pk.
M. insititius Fr.
M. thujinus Pk.
THE HERBARIUM
herbarium
Leptonia hortensis Pk.
Flammula pusilla Pk.
Craterellus subundulatus Pk.
Clavaria crassipes Pk,
Secotium warnei Pk.
Licea variabilis Schrad.
_ Aecidium ligustri Strauss
_ Cintractia affinis Pk.
Phyllosticta grisea Pk.
_ Gloeosporium phaeosorum Sace.
Sporotrichum poae Pk.
Penicillium digitatum (/r.) Sacc.
EP: pallidofulvum Pk.
_ Macrosporium lagenariae Thum.
Fusarium laxum Pk.
Stilbum resinariae Pk.
Helvella ambigua Karst.
Detonia fulgens (Pers.)Rehm
| Geopyxis carbonaria A. & S.
Calloria caulophylli (HZ. &E.)Rehm
Lachnum inquilinum (Karst.) Schroct.
Sclerotinia smilacinae Durand
Ciboria americana Durand
Cc: sulphurella (2. &.2..)Rehm
Caldesia sabinae (Dellot) Rehm
Peziza violacea Pers.
Helotium scut. vitellinum Rehm
_ Ascobolus atrofuscus Ph. & Pl.
_ Melanospora vervecina (Desm.) Fekl.
Not new to the herbarium
Actaea rubra L.
Agrimonia striata Ma.
Agrostis stolonifera L.
Amorpha fruticosa L.
Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Med.
Anthemis cotula L.
Antennaria canadensis Greene
A. neglecta Greene
A. plantaginea R. Br.
A neodioica Greene
Arenaria groenlandiea. (Retz.) Spreng.
Arisaema pusillum (Pk.) Nash
Asclepias exaltata Muhl.
Aster concinnus Willd,
i We schreberi Nees
Brassica rapa L.
B. arvensis (L.) B.S. P.
| Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Torr.
is ciliata (L.) Raf.
Calamagrostis inexpansa Gray
Campanula rotundifolia L.
| Cassia nictitans L.
_ Chelidonium majus L.
Chrysopis graminifolia (Mz.) Nutt.
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L,
Convolvulus arvensis L.
8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Convolvulus spithamaeus L. _ Sporobolus neglectus Nash
Cypripedium hirsutum Mill. _ Salix balsamifera (Hook.) Barratt
Dianthus armeria L. Salsola tragus L.
Drosera rotundifolia L. Sanicula gregaria Bickn.
Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P. _ Saxifraga virginiensis Mz.
E. philadelphicus L. Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Soland.) Rydb.
Eriophorum polystachyon L. Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst.
Eupatorium maculatum L. fit erythrospermum Andrz.
Fraxinus americana L. Tetragonanthus deflexus (Sm.) Kuntze
Galium concinnum T. & G. Viola palmata L.
Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. V. pap. domestica (Bickn.) Poll.
Geranium maculatum L. VV. arenaria DC.
G. earolinianum J. V. rostrata Pursh
Habenaria clavellata (Afz.) Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br.
Hamamelis virginiana L. Xanthium canadense Mill.
Helianthus giganteus L. x. echinatum Murr.
Houstonia longifolia Gaert. Xyris caroliniana Wale.
Hypericum mutilum L. Polypodium vulgare L.
Kneiffia pumila (L.) Spach Dicranum schraderi W. & M.
Lactuca sagittifolia Hl. Hypnum oakesii Sulliv.
Lobelia cardinalis L. H. pratense Koch
Lepidium virginicum L. H, deplanatum Schp. ut
| a apetalum Willd. Brachythecium starkii Bred.
Lilium canadense L. B. salebrosum (Hojfm:)
Linaria canadensis (L.) Dum. Porella platyphylla Lindb.
Lycopus communis Bickn. Anthoceros laevis L.
Malus malus (L.) Britton Amanita flavoconia Atk.
Malva rotundifolia L. A. caesarea Scop.
Medicago sativa L. A. onusta Howe
Myriophyllum humile Raf. Amanitopsis strangulata F’r.
Onagra oakesiana (Gray) Britton A. volvata (Pk.) Sace.
Origanum vulgare L. A. farinosa (Schw.)
Panax trifolium LD. Armillaria mellea Vahl
Panicum lanuginosum Ell. Tricholoma vaccinum (Pers.) Fr.
Polymnia can. radiata Gray T; imbricatum F’r,
Physalis het. ambigua (Gray) Rydb. iM equestre L.
Polygonum convolvulus L. ot subacutum Pk.
1 hartwrightii Gray z. silvaticum Pk,
Potentilla anserina L. Clitocybe dealbata Sow.
12 canadensis L. GC. tortilis (Bolt.) Fr.
Lee pumila Poir. C. amethystina (Bolt.) Fr.
Quercus alexanderi Britton Collybia platyphylla Fr.
Ranunculus abortivus L. Whee: familia Pk.
Raphanus raphanistrum L, C. uniformis Pk.
Ribes rubrum L. on acervata Fr.
Rhynchospora macrostachya Torr. | Mycena subincarnata Pk.
Rubus hispidus L. RE i clavicularis Fr.
R. procumbens Muhl. | M. pterigena fr.
R. occid. pallidus Bail. _ Omphalia campanella (Batsch) F7.
Sporobolus longifolius (Torr.) Wood O. umbellifera L.
REPORT OF THE SYTATE BOTANIST 1902
Hygrophorus pudorinus F’r.
splendens Pk.
capreolarius Kalchb.
pratensis (Pers.) Fr.
nitidus B. & C.
: peckii Atk.
Lactarius volemus F’r.
mmm ot Hn
L. subdulcis Fr.
Ibe cinereus Pk.
ite griseus Pk,
Eis parvus Pk.
Russula foetens (Pers.) Fr.
R. granulata Pk,
R. crustosa Pk.
R. variata Banning
R. olivascens F’r.
R. rugulosa Pk.
R. simillima Pk.
Cantharellus cibarius Fr.
C. minor Pk.
C. cinnabarinus Schw.
C. cinereus Fr.
C. infundibuliformis (Scop.)
Marasmius subnudus Pk.
M. polyphyllus Pk.
M. filopes Pk.
Lenzites sepiaria Fr.
Pholiota vermiflua Pk.
E. togularis (Bull.) Fr.
ES squarrosoides Pk.
laf confragosa Fr.
Cortinarius rimosus Pk.
C. berlesianus S. & C.
Inocybe geophylla Sow.
Stropharia depilata (Pers.) Fr.
S. johnsoniana Pk.
Hypholoma subaquilum Banning
Coprinus micaceus Fr.
Boletus auriporus Pk.
B;. clintonianus Pk.
Polyporus sulphureus ( Bull.) Fr.
Ps resinosus (Schrad.) Fr.
Pe benzoinus (Wahl.) Fr.
Ee eaesius (Schrad.) Fr.
Trametes variiformis Pk.
i, serialis Fr.
Fomes pinicola F’.
F, fomentarius (L.) F’r.
F. roseus A. & S,
Polystictus abietinus Fr.
Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers.
D. unicolor (Bull.) Fr.
Merulius tenuis Pk.
M. fugax Fr.
| M. niveus F’r.
| Phlebia radiata F’r.
Hydnum imbricatum L.
H. repandum L.
Hf. albidum Pk.
H. caput-ursi Fr.
Radulum orbiculare Fr.
Odontia lateritia B. & C.
_ Tremellodon gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers.
| Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers.
QAARALA
Clavaria botrytis Pers.
cristata Pers.
stricta Pers.
muscoides L
ligula Fr.
argillacea Fr.
tsugina Pk,
Calocera cornea F’r.
Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsch
pe subinearnatum Pk.
Granularia pulvinata (Schw.) White
Didymium melanospermum (Pers.)
Macb. ‘
Leocarpus fragilis (Dicks.) R.
Trichia favoginea (Batsch) Pers.
Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) R.
Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung.
Puccinia podophylli Schw.
_ Uroeystis anemones ( Pers.)
Gymnosporangium clavipes C. & P.
Septoria ludwigiae Che.
Glomerularia corni Pk.
Botrytis vulgaris Fr.
Helvella macropus (Pers.) Karst.
Geoglossum ophioglossoides (L.) Sace.
_ Mitrula vit. irregularis (Pk.) Sacc.
| Leotia lubrica (Scop.) Pers.
_ Cudonia circinans (Pers.) Fr.
C. lutea (Pk.) Sacc.
Dasyscypha agassizii (B. & C.) Sace.
Lachnea scutellata (L.) Sow.
L. scubalonta C. & G.
Sarcoscypha floccosa Schw.
Pezicula carpinea (Pers.) Tul.
10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Pezicula acericola Pk. Hypomyeces lactifluorum Schw.
Exoascus confusus Atk. Xylaria digitata (L.) Grev.
Sphaerotheca humuli (DC.) Burr. Colpoma morbidum (Pk.) Sace.
B
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS
Mrs A. M. Smith and Mrs C. W. Harris, Brooklyn
Amblystegium fluitans De N. | Funaria hygrometrica Svbih.
A. riparium B. & S. Georgia pellucida Rabenh.
Amphoridium lapponicum Schp. u eat apocarpa Hedw.
Anomodon apiculatus B. & S. leucophaea Grev.
A. attenuatus Huebn. | ee aca rupestre Schwaegr.
A. obtusifolius B. & S. | Hedwigia ciliata Ehrh.
A. rostratus Schp. _ Hylocomium brevirostre B. & S.
Aulacomnion palustre Schwaegr. hig 2 Ue squarrosum B. & S.
Barbula caespitosa Schwaegr. EH triquetrum B. & S.
B. convoluta Hedw. Homalia jamesii B. & S.
Bartramia oederiana Swartz EL. trichomanoides B. & S.
B. pomiformis Hedw. Hypnum chrysophyllum Brid.
Brachythecium acuminatum bv. H. cordifolium Hedw.
B. Jaetum Brid. [ese cuspidatum L.
B. populeum B. & S. Hy deplanatum Schp.
B. rivulare B. & S. H. fertile Sende.
B. salebrosum B. & S. H. haldanianum Grev.
B starkii Brid. fas Bs hispidulum Brid.
B. velutinum B. & S. Ee imponens Hedw.
Bryum bimum Schreb. | H. lindbergii Limpt.
B. caespiticium L. SEITE recurvans Schwaegr.
B. capillare L. He rusciforme B. & S.
B. nutans Schreb. H. schreberi Willd.
B. roseum L. ie serrulatum Hedw.
Be torquescens B. & S. H. splendens Hedw,
Buxbaumia aphylla L. lal, stellatum Schreb.
Catherinea undulata Bo. H. strigosum Hoffm.
Ceratodon purpureus Brid. se uncinatum Hedw.
Climacium dendroides W. & M. Leptobryum pyriforme Schp.
Cylindrothecium cladorrhizans Schp. —- Leucobryum glaucum Schp.
Dicranum flagellare Hedw. ~ Leucodon julaceus Sulliv.
D. montanum Hedw. Myurella careyana Sulliv.
Dz. longifolium Hedw. Mnium affine Bland.
D. schraderi W. & M. M. cuspidatum Hedw.
D. viride Schp. M. drummondi B. & S.
Dy. drummondi M well. Riese medium B. & S.
Diphyscium foliosum Mohr. | M orthorrhynchum B. «& 8S.
Encalypta rhabdocarpa Schwaegr. | M punctatum Hedw.
Ei. streptocarpa Hedw. | M. rostratum Schp.
Fissidens adiantoides Hedw. M serratum Brid,
Fontinalis biformis Sulliv. : spinulosum B. & S.
F. lescurii Sulliv. | M. stellare Hedw.
REPORT OF THP STATE BOTANIST 1902
Neckera oligocarpa B. & S.
N. pennata Hedw.
Oncophorus wahlenbergii Brid.
Orthotrichum fallax Schp.
O. anomalum Hedw.
Porotrichum alleghaniense Grout
Philonotis fontana Brid.
P. muhlenbergii Brid.
Pottia riparia Aust.
Plagiothecium denticulatum B. & S.
Ag elegans Schp.
io pulchellum B. & S.
iPS striatellum Lindb.
Pogonatum alpinum Roehl.
P. tenue EL. G. Britton
Racomitrium heterostichum Brid
microcarpum Brid.
Eeabdawcidia denticulata B. & S.
Seligeria doniana C. Muell.
Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh.
cuspidatum Ehrh.
quinquefarium Warnst
squarrosum Pers.
S.
S
Ss
gee
T.
11
Tortula caespitosa H. & G.
tortuosa Ehrh.
Thuidium delicatulum Mitt.
recognitum Lindb,.
T. paludosum Rk. & H.
Anthoceros laevis L.
| Asterella hemisphaerica Bv.
Bazzania trilobata S. F. Gray
Blepharistoma trichophylla Dwmort.
_ Cephalozia curvifolia Dumort.
| C.
_ Conocephalus conicus Dumort.
| Frullania asagrayana Mont.
' Geocalyx graveolens Nees
multiflora Spruce
Jungermannia barbata Schreb.
Kantia trichomanis S. F’. Gray
Liochlaena lanceolata Nees
Lejeunea serpyllifolia Libert
Porella platyphylla Lindb.
Ptilidium ciliare Nees
Scapania nemorosa Dumort.
Trichocolea tomentella Dumort.
Mrs E. G. Britton, New York
Dicranella heteromalla Schp.
Dicranum longifolium Hedw.
D. fuscescens Turn.
Dicranodontium longirostre B. & S.
Weissia ulophylla Ehrh.
W. americana Lindb.
Didymodon cylindricarpus B. & S.
Georgia pellucida Rabenh.
Tortula ruralis Ehrh.
Mnium affine Bland.
M. spinulosum B. & S.
Ulota crispa Brid.
Aulacomnion heterostichum B. & S,
Polytrichum juniperinum Willd.
Fontinalis dalecarlica B. & S.
Anomodon rostratus Schp.
A. viticulosus H. & T.
Webera proligera (Lindb.)
af
| Drummondia clavellata Hook.
_ Bryum nutans Schreb.
B. concinnatum Spruce
Pylaisaea velutina B. & S.
Raphidostegium recurvans Schwaegr.
R. jamesii Lesq.
R. laxepatulum L. & J.
_ Plagiothecium denticulatum B. & S.
iP. mullerianum Schp.
el Se striatellum Lindb.
_ Hypnum fertile Send.
splendens Hedw.
umbratum Ehrh.
oakesii Sulliv.
crista-castrensis L.
pratense Koch
| Pesenntens alpinum Roehl
| Typhula muscicola Fr.
Miss H. C. Anderson, Lambertville N. J.
Armillaria mellea Vahl
Agaricus abruptus Pk.
Cantharellus cibarius Fr.
Hydnum cyaneotinctum Pk.
_ Panus strigosus B. & C.
| Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.)
12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Miss M. L. Overacker, Syracuse
Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton Ribes prostratum L’ Her.
Viola selkirkii Pursh _R. lacustre Poi.
V. renifolia Gray Tiarella cordifolia L.
Claytonia virginica L. _ Trillium grandifiorum (Mz.) Salisb.
C. caroliniana Mv. - Polymnia can. radiata Gray
Asclepias exaltata Muhl. _ Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsch
Miss V. S. White, New York
Tricholoma fallax Pk. | Leptonia serrulata (Pers.) Fr.
Clitocybe marginata Pk. | Flammula granulosa Pk.
Russula adusta Fr. - Galera lateritia Fr.
R. sordida Pk. | Boletus scabripes Pk.
R. basifureata Pk. |B. purp. fumosus Pk.
Rist: purpurina Q. & S. Polyporus confluens (A. & S.) Fr.
R. fingibilis Britz. begs carpineus Sow.
Marasmius viticola B. & C.
Miss Emma §S. Thomas, Schoharie
Daedalea unicolor Fr. Calvatia maxima (Schaeff.) Morg.
Taraxacum’ taraxacum (L.) Karst.
Miss Flora Zinsmeister, Syracuse
Geaster triplex Jungh.
Mrs A. C. Shanks, Round Lake
Polypodium vulgare L.
Mrs P. B. Brandreth, Ossining
Polyporus umbellatus Fr.
Mrs E. C. Anthony, Gouverneur
Secotium warnei Pk. Cystopus tragopogonis (Pers.) Schroet
Miss Edith Wilkinson, Tannersville
Pluteus cervinus albipes Pk.
F. E. Fenno, Nichols
Crataegus tomentosa L. Polygonum hartwrightii Gray
Potentilla pumila Poir. | Salsola tragus L.
Ilysanthus gratioloides (L.) Benth. Agrostis stolonifera L.
Taraxacum ervthrospermum Andra. | Juncus pelocarpus LE. Meyer
Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Torr. Panicum lanuginosum Ell.
F. S. Earle, New York
Amanitopsis volvata (Pk.) Sacc.
Clitocybe tort. gracilis Pk.
Russula earlei Pk.
Hypholoma incertum Pk.
Stropharia sicc. radicata Pk.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
G. F. Atkinson, Ithaca
Tricholoma acre Pk. 'Clavaria muscoides L.
IHlygrophorus peckii Atk. 1 pinophila Pk.
Merulius tenuis Pk. | Helvella ambigua Karst.
Cudonia circinans (Pers.) Fr. Hi elastica Bull.
S. Sherwood, Delhi
Agaricus placomyces Pk.
D. Griffiths, Takoma Park, D. C.
Ustilago aristidae Pk.
H. C. Magnus, Albany
Penicillium digitatum (Fr.) Sacc.
B. L. Robinson, Cambridge, Mass.
Acalypha gracilescens Gray | Carex arctata Boolt
Acer rubrum L, : tC; backii Boott
Amianthum muscaetoxicum Gray capillaris L.
Antennaria brainerdii Fern. castanea Wahl.
fo)
A. canadensis Greene cephalophora Muhl.
A. fallax Greene chordorrhiza Ehrh.
A. neglecta Greene crawlordii Fern.
A. neodioica Greene cristata Schw.
A. parlinii Fern. deflexa Hornem.
A. parl. arnoglossa Fern. eburnea Boott
A. petaloidea Fern. exilis Dew.
A. plantaginea Ff. Br. | fernaldii Bail.
A. rupicola Fern. fusca All.
Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
Aristida dichotoma Mz.
Aspidium crist. x marginate Daven.
Asplenium viride Huds.
Aster divaricatus L. |
interior Bail.
intumescens Rudge
laxiflora Lam.
lenticularis Mz
livida Willd.
subulatus Mz.
lind. comatus Fern.
seorsa Howe
A. glomeratus Bernh. longirostris Torr.
A. herveyi Gray lurida Wahl.
A. —_junceus Ait. oligosperma Mz.
A. linariifolius L. pedunculata Muhl.
A. Jong. villicaulis Gray pilulifera L.
A. polyphyllus Willd. prasina Wahl.
A. — schreberi Nees pubescens Muhl.
A.
A.
stipata Muhl.
Atriplex arenaria Nutt. | tenella Schk.
Bidens bipinnata L. teret. ramosa Boott -
B. discoidea Britton tetan. woodii Bail.
B. trichosperma Britton tener. richii Fern.
Botrychium matricariaefolium J?raun | umbel. tonsa Fern.
B. virginianum Sw. | umbel. brevirostris Boott
Sel ol elo leletololon el elolol te lonolokotolonolekoloholoRolors
Carex albicans Willd. vaginata Tausch
gynocrates Wormsk.
13
14 NEW YORK
Carex varia Muh.
GC: vesicaria L.
Campanula americana L.
Chrysopsis faleata Ell.
Clitoria mariana L.
Crataegus punctata Jacq.
Cyperus nuttallii Torr.
C: diandrus Torr.
Discopleura capillacea DC.
Direa palustris L.
Desmodium acuminatum DC.
Elatine americana Arn.
Eleocharis ovata R. Br.
E. intermedia Schultes
EK. palustris R. Br.
Elymus striatus Willd.
E. virginianus L.
Epilobium hornemanni Reich.
Kriocaulon decangulare L.
Eriophorum alpinum L.
Equisetum variegatum Schleich.
Kupatorium hyssopifolium L.
Euphorbia polygonifolia L.
Euphrasia amer. canadensis Robins.
hi. oakesii Wett.
EK. williamsii Robins.
Frimbristylis eapillaris Gray
Festuca elatior L.
F. nutans Willd.
Galium latifolium Mz.
Geum ciliatum Pursh
Gerardia skinneriana Wood
Gratiola aurea Muhl.
Hemicarpha subsquarrosa Nees
Heuchera villosa Me.
Halenia deflexa Griseh. |
Hypericum nudicaule Walt.
Iris virginica L.
Juncus brachycephalus Buch.
J. dudleyi Wieg.
Ji nodosus L.
ie ten. williamsii Hern.
Whe subtilis Weyer
Krigia virginica Willd.
Lobelia kalmii LZ.
Luzula vernalis DC.
Lycopodium clay. monostachyon G. & |
lil |
Up - obseurum L.
L. sabinacfolium Willd,
STATE
MUSEUM
Lycopodiumfsitchense Rup.
De tristachyum Pursh
Lycopus sessilifolius Gray
Lespedeza capitata Mz,
Muhlenbergia willdenovii Trin.
Oryzopsis asperifolia Ma.
Panicum pauciflorum Gray
Paronychia argyrocoma N uti.
Pedicularis furbishiae Wats.
Pentstemon pubescens Solana.
Pinus contorta Dougl.
Pluchea camphorata DC.
Podostemon ceratophyllus Jr.
Polygola nuttallii 7. & G.
Poa compressa L.
P. pratensis L.
P. serotina Ehrh.
Polygonum acre H. B. K.
Pe maritimum L.
Tee ram. atlanticum Robins.
We; viviparum J.
Volygonella articulata Mezisn.
Potamogeton het. graminifolins W.& C.
R lucens L.
1 pectinatus L.
ee robbinsii Oakes
Pp. vaseyi Robbins
ey zosteraefolius Schwim.
Potentilla canadensis L.
IP, norvegica L,
Pyrus arbutifolia L.
Quercus prinoides Willd.
(). ilicifolia Wang.
Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl.
R. repens L.
R. septentrionalis Porr.
thynchospora capillacea DC,
Rosa nitida Willd.
Rotala ramosior Koehne
Rubus arg. randii Bail.
Ruppia maritima L,
Sabbatia stellaris Pursh
Salicorne mucronata Bigel.
Salix balsamifera Barratt
Salsola kali L.
Sanguisorba canadensis L.
Saxifraga leucanthemifolia We.
S. virginiensis V2.
Senecio obovatus Mwhl.
Scirpus atrocinctus Fern.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 16
Scirpus caespitosus LL. | Spartina juncea Willd.
8. deb. williamsii Fern. | Sporobolus aspericaulis Scr.
5. pauciflorus Light. Trifolium hybridum L.
5. peckii Britton Vaccinium corymbosum L.
Sibbaldia procumbens L. | Veronica serp. borealis Laest.
Silene antirrhina L. Vicia sativa L.
Solidago humilis Pursh | Viola arenaria DC.
Ralph E. Matteson, Grand Rapids Mich.
_ Polyporus obtusus Berk. | Irpex crassus B, & C,
N. L. Britton, New York
Rhexia aristosa Britton
Cc. E. Clark, Newark
Clitoeybe dealbata deformata Pk.
J. M. Clarke, Albany
Clitocybe illudens Schw.
F. S. Boughton, Pittsford
Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr.
W. R. Griffiths, Douglaston
Eucalyptus calophylla R. Br. | Arbutus menziesii Pursh
Schinus molle L.
F. J. Braendle, Washington D. C.
Clitoeybe morbifera Pk. | Stropharia siccipes Karst.
Tylostoma punctatum Pk. | Panaeolus epimyces Pk.
A. M. Baker, Coeymans
Pholiota vermiflua Pk.
N. M. Glatfelter, St Louis Mo.
Bolbitius glatfelteri Pk. Polyporus giganteus (Pers.) F’r
Gyromitra brunnea Underw.
C. J. Elting, Highland
Arisaema pusillum (Pk.)§Nash | Hypholoma incertum Pk.
E. J. Durand, Ithaca
Geopyxis carbonaria A. & S. Sclerotinia smilacinae Durand
Peziza violacea Pers. Ciboria sulphurella (2. & £.) Rehm
P: fusicarpa Ger. C. americana Durand
Detonia fulgens (Pers.) Rehm Ascobolus atrofuseus P. & P.
Calloria caulophylli (2. & EF.) Rehm Caldesia sabinae (Dell.) Rehm
Lachnum aquilinum (Karst.) Schroet.
J. E. S. Heath, Waterioo la.
1S ane 7 x
scleroderma vulgare Fr. Geaster mammosus Cher.
Calvatia eraniiformis (Schw.) Morg.
16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
D. R. Sumstine, Kittanning Pa.
Lactarius sumstinei Pk. Russula earlei Pk.
Boletus parasiticus Bull.
W. P. Judson, Albany
Lilium canadense L.
C. S. Sargent, Jamaica Plain Mass.
Populus nigra elegans Bail.
A. R. Sweetzer, Eugene Ore.
Sparassis herbstii Pk.
P. M. Van Epps, Glenville
Me ie Chlorosplenium aeruginosum (Oeder)[DeN.
M. S. Baxter, Rochester
( Buxbaumia indusiata Brid.
H. P. Burt, New Bedford Mass.
Agaricus placomyces Pk.
E. M. Freeman, Minneapolis Minn.
Entoloma -graveolens Pk, | Polyporus obtusus Berk.
J. C. Arthur, Lafayette Ind.
Aecidium“euphorbiae Schw. | Puecinia xanthii Schw.
R. B. Mackintosh, Peabody Mass.
Lepiota rhacodes Vitt. Lepiota cristata A. & S.
Agaricus pusillus Pk.%
B. C. Williams, Newark
Clitoeybe multiceps Pk. | Clitocybe dealb. deformata Pk.
F. C. Stewart, Geneva ;
Gloeosporium phaeosorum Sacc. | Sporotrichum poae Pk.
A. P. Saunders, Clinton
Morchella angusticeps gracilis Pk.
S. E. Jelliffe, New York
Thamnidium elegans Lk.
E. B. Sterling, Trenton N. J.
Agaricus tabularis Pk. Phallus imperialis Schulz.
AMR haemorrhoidarius Schulz. | Secotium warnei Pk.%
Coprinus comatus Fr, | Catastoma circumscissum B, & (.
Cae. atramentarius Bull. | Calvatia pachyderma Pk.
Charles McIlvaine, Cambridge Md.
Merulius lacrymans (Jacq.) Fr.
G. B. Fessenden, Boston Mass.
Cortinarius intrusus Pk.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 17
G. B. Morris, Waltham Mass.
Cortinarius squamulosus Pk.
Boletus spectabilis Pk.
| Coprinus silvaticus Pk.
| Boletinus paluster Pk.
J. G. Jack, Jamaica Plain Mass.
Crataegus acutiloba Sarg.
anomala Sarg.
coccineoides Ashe
collina Chapm. —
canadensis Sarg.
densiflora Sarg.
dilatata Sarg.
ellwangeriana Sarg.
fecunda Sarg.
holmesiana Ashe
illinoiensis A she
integriloba Sarg.
intricata Lange
jonesae Sarg.
aqaqgasseasaanan
champlainensis Sarg.
flabellata (Spach) Rydb.
|
|
i
aereasasasaaean
Crataegus laurentiana Sarg.
lucorum Sarg.
macracantha Lodd.
mollis (7. & G.) Scheele
peorieasis Sarg.
pedicellata Sarg.
pastorum Sarg.
praecox Sarg.
pruinosa Wend.
rotundifolia (Hhrh.)
seabrida Sarg.
submollis Surg.
succulenta Lk,
* suborbiculata Sarg.
venusta Beadle
R. A. Harper, Madison Wis.
Pluteus patricius Schulz.
E. vervinus (Schae/f.) Fr.
Irpex fuscoviolaceus Fr,
Polyporus aurantiacus Pk.
Gyromitra sphaerospora (Pk.) Sacc.
Peziza amplispora C. & P.
Puccinia mesomegala B. & C. -
Septoria salliae Ger.
W. L. Smith, Albany
Macrosporium lagenariae Thum.
C. M. C. Lloyd, Gloversville
A specimen of “six-leaved”’ clover
New York State Agric. Society
Miscellaneous collection of dried plants, 398 numbers
18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
C
SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED
Delphinium ajacis L.
Near Niagara Falls. August. E. M. Wilcox. This is an intro-
duced plant, which is cultivated for its flowers, but it sometimes
escapes from cultivation. It resembles the closely allied D.
consolida, from which it may be distinguished by its pubes-
cent seed vessels.
Hypericum boreale (Britton) Bickn.
Shore of Piseco lake. August. Closely related to the common
H. mutilum but separable from it by the stem, which is
scarcely branched, except at the top, by the small bracts of the
eymes being similar in-shape to the leaves and specially by the
seed vessels, which are decidedly longer than the sepals.
Vicia angustifolia Roth
Adams, Jefferson co. June. This is closely related to V.
sativa, the common vetch, as a variety of which-it is recorded
in 46th Museum report, p.122. It is now considered a valid
species and may be separated from its near relative by its more
narrow linear or oblong, pointed leaflets.
Kneiffia longipedicellata Small
Sandy soil near Eastport, Suffolk co. August. <A peculiar
form having a flexuous much branched stem and leaves a little
broader than in the typical form. A specimen collected near
Quogue more nearly represents the typical form. The large
flower and long peduncle are distinguishing characters of the
species.
Lactuca virosa L.
This introduced plant is rapidly spreading and is already found
growing freely in waste places about many of our cities and
villages. It was formerly confused with L. scariola, a species
which it closely resembles and which may be distinguished by its
lower leaves being sinuate or sinuate pinnatifid and by its pale
achenes. Specimens of this species were collected near Trenton
Falls in August.
REPORT OF THE STATH BOTANIST 1902 19
Hypochaeris radicata L.
Fields and roadsides. Cedarhurst, Nassau co. June. G.
D. Hulst. Introduced. It has also been reported from Richmond
county.
Artemisia stelleriana Bess.
Seabeach. Rockaway L. I. July. G. D. Hulst. The beach
wormwood is very distinct from our other species of this genus
and may easily be recognized by its dense, whitish coat of
tomentum and its large, erect and crowded heads of flowers.
Xanthium commune Britton
Moist ground. Whitehall. September. In our specimens the
hairs on the lower half of the beaks and prickles of the burs are
whitish, instead of brown.
Aster roscidus Burgess
Roadside.. Piseco, Hamilton co. August. A beautiful aster
related to the large leaved aster, A. macrophyllus, but easily
distinguished by the abundance of the glands on the upper part
of the stem and also on the leaves.
Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter
Waste places and roadsides. Lansingburg. June. This intro-
duced plant is easily separated from our other species of the
genus by the absence of ray flowers. In size and foliage it
resembles the common mayweed, Anthemis cotula.
Antennaria fallax Greene
Bushy places, groves and borders of woods. Menands and
Westport. May.
Antennaria ambigens (Greene) Fern.
Roadsides. Sandlake, Rensselaer co. May. Related to the
preceding species but separable from it by its shorter stem,
broader and closer stem leaves, which are glandular on the upper
surface, and by the glandular, purplish hairs of the stolens.
Antennaria brainerdii Fern.
Pastures and shaded banks. Westport and Keene, Essex co.
May. Related to A. neodioica, from which it may be sepa-
20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
rated by the purple hairs of the stem, though these are sometimes
few and scattered and easily overlooked. The plants of the
Keene locality grew on a moist, partly shaded bank near the
Willey house and are larger than the others.
Antennaria petaloidea Fern.
In a recent clearing. North Elba, Essex co. June.
Plantago halophila Bickn.
Sandy soil near Eastport, Suffolk co. and near Saranac lake,
Franklin co. September. This plantain has generally been con-
sidered a form of P. major, but it may be distinguished by its
pubescence, its smaller, thicker leaves with petioles shorter than
the blades and by its curved scapes.
Lycopus communis Bickn.
Near Port Jefferson, Suffolk co., and in the Adirondack region.
This is closely related to L. virginicus, with which it has
been confused and from which it may be separated by the tuber-
ous base of the stem.
Arisaema pusillum (Pk.) Nash
Fine specimens of this plant, which was formerly considered
a variety of A. triphyllum, were found near Highland, Ulster
co., in June, by ©. J. Elting and contributed by him to the
herbarium.
Limnorchis media Rydb.
Swamps and wet places near Jordanville, Herkimer co. July.
This and the next species were formerly thought to be forms of
Habenaria hyperborea, which they closely resemble.
State Museum report 50, 1:126.
Limnorchis huronensis (Nutt.) Rydb.
Wet places and swampy ground about Jordanville. July. Also
in Petersburg, Rensselaer co. A much smaller plant than the
preceding. L.dilatata linearifolia Rydb. is represented
in the herbarium by a specimen collected many years ago by
Rev J.-A. Paine near Hidden lake, Herkimer county.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 21
Carex crawfordii Fern.
This sedge, which has long been known as ©. scoparia var.
minor, is common in wet places in the eastern and northern
parts of the State. It has been raised to specific rank and given
a new name by Mr Fernald.
Botrychium matricariae (Schrank) Spreng.
South Corinth, Saratoga co. August. ;
Pottia riparia Aust.
Limestone rocks. Near Chilson lake, Essex co. July.
Sterile. Mrs A. M. Smith and Mrs C. W. Harris. This is a
very small moss and one that is easily overlooked. It is rarely
fertile.
Tortula ruralis Ehrh.
Limestone rocks. Green lake near Jamesville, Onondaga co.
July. Mrs E. G. Britton. The specimens are without fruit.
Racomitrium heterostichum Brid.
Eagle rock gorge near Chilson lake. June. Mrs Smith and
Mrs Harris. This is variety gracilescens, a slender moss,
and these specimens are without fruit.
Encalypta rhabdocarpa Schwaegr.
Near Chilson lake. June. In fruiting condition. Mrs Smith
and Mrs. Harris.
Hypnum lindbergii Limpt.
Regina swamp and Pyramid lake, near Chilson lake. Septem-
ber. Mrs Smith and Mrs Harris.
Liochlaena lanceolata Nees
Regina swamp near Chilson lake, growing on decaying wood.
June. Mrs Smith and Mrs Harris. The specimens are fertile
and in fine condition.
Amanita flavoconia Atk.
Woods and thickets. Adirondack mountains. July and Aug-
ust. Closely resembling A. frostiana in size and color but
distinguishable by the even margin of the pileus, the floccose
edge of the lamellae and the fragile character of the volva, which
22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
easily separates from the slightly bulbous base of the stem and
adheres to the soil that surrounds it. Both it and the annulus
are of a beautiful, chrome yellow color.
Tricholoma radicatum n. sp.
PLATE 82, FIG. 15-19
Pileus fleshy, firm, umbraculiform or broadly convex, dry,
minutely silky fibrillose or obscurely fibrillose squamulose, some-
what shining, pale grayish brown, the center usually darker and
often tinged with reddish brown, the margin thin, cuticle sepa-
‘able, flesh white, taste disagreeable; lamellae thin, close,
emarginate, adnexed, having a decurrent tooth, white; stem firm,
nearly equal, hollow with a small cavity, slightly fibrillose, dis-
tinctly radicating,-white; spores broadly elliptic, .0002—.00024
of an inch long, .00016—.0002 broad.
Pileus 2-3 inches broad; stem 1.5--4 inches long, 3—5 lines
thick. Under coniferous trees. North Elba. September.
This mushroom loses its unpleasant flavor in cooking and is
edible. A more full and popular description is given in another
part of the report.
Clitocybe inversa (Scop.) Fr.
Pine groves. Near Northville, Fulton co. August. <A stout
form with a thick stem.
Mycena rugosoides n. sp.
PLATE M, FIG. 17-34
Pileus fleshy but thin, campanulate, usually broadly umbon-
ate, glabrous, hygrophanous, even but striate on the margin when
moist, paler and uneven when dry, with close irregular radiating
rugae, variable in color; lamellae subdistant, rounded or emargi-
nate next the stem, adnexed, whitish or smoky white; stem long,
even, glabrous, hollow, radicating, villose tomentose at the base,
white or pallid, often tinged with reddish brown at the base;
spores elliptic, .0003 of an inch long, .0002 broad, granular.
Pileus 6—12 lines broad; stem 1.5-3 inches long, .5—1.5 lines
thick. Gregarious on much decayed, mossy, prostrate trunks of
coniferous trees. North Elba. September.
Three forms occur which are separable by color. One is wholly
white, another has the pileus and stem cinereous or grayish
REPORT OF THE SLATE BOTANISr 1902 23
brown and the lamellae white, the third has the pileus blackish
brown, the stem pallid or grayish brown and the lamellae smoky
white. Reddish stains sometimes occur on any part of the plant.
These are possibly due to insect injury. The umbo is often very
obtuse or almost flat at the top. This species is separated from
M. rugosa by its moist umbonate pileus, its long stem, its
straight, not oblique, rooting base and by its habitat. The villos-
ity at the base of the stem is grayish white.
Hygrophorus subrufescens n. sp.
PLATE M, FIG. 1-6
Pileus fleshy, but thin on the margin, convex or nearly plane,
dry, minutely floccose squamulose, pale pink or grayish red.
flesh whitish, faintly tinged with pink, taste. mild; lamellae sub-
distant, decurrent, whitish; stem rather long, equal or nearly so,
flexuous, glabrous, solid, white; spores elliptic, .0003 of an inch
long, .0002 broad.
Pileus about 1 inch broad: stem 1.5—8 inches long, 2—4 lines
thick. Among fallen leaves in woods. Port Jefferson, Suffolk
co. August.
This species belongs to the section Camarophyllus, and is
related to H. leporinus, from which it may be separated by
its different color, thinner margin of the pileus and glabrous
stem.
Hygrophorus peckii Atk.
Woods, pastures and bushy places. July and August. Ithaca.
G. F. Atkinson. Gansevoort, Saratoga co., Westport, Essex co.
and Piseco, Hamilton co. It is most closely related to
H. psittacinus, from which it is separated by its odor
and decurrent lamellae.
Lactarius luteolus Pk.
PLATE 83, FIG. 7-11
Among fallen leaves in woods. Port Jefferson. August. A
very distinct species, easily known by its mild taste, copious milk,
changing from white to brown on exposure to the air, and by the
somewhat viscid pubescence of the pileus and stem. Milk flows
readily from any part of the plant on the slightest injury, and
wounds assume a dark brown color. The plant is edible; and
is more fully described in another part of this report.
24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Russula magnifica n. sp.
PLATE N, FIG. 1-4
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex and umbilicate when young, cen-
trally depressed or infundibuliform when mature, glabrous, viscid
when young and moist, even, but the cuticle sometimes rimose
squamose in the center, even on the margin, the thin pellicle sub-
separable, flesh white or whitish, odor and taste alkaline, strong
and disagreeable; lamellae narrow, crowded, unequal, adnate or
slightly decurrent, whitish with a faint pinkish reflection, becom-
ing reddish brown where bruised and rusty brown when old;
stem equal or narrowed downward, solid, becoming spongy or
sometimes cavernous within when old, white; spores white, even
or nearly so, subglobose, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, .00025—.0003
broad.
Pileus 4—10 inches broad; stem 2—5 inches long, 8—18 lines
thick. Among fallen leaves in woods. Port Jefferson. August.
This is the largest species of Russula known to me. It is
related to R. delica and R. brevipes, from which its large
size, peculiar odor and viscid pileus separate it. Sometimes the
surface of the pileus is irregularly spotted with small unequal
depressions or cavities. The odor persists in the dried specimens.
Russula earlei n. sp.
PLATE N, FIG. 5-10
Pileus fleshy, firm, hemispheric, becoming broadly convex or
nearly plane, sometimes centrally depressed, glabrous, very viscid,
the margin even when young but sometimes rimose and uneven
when old, stramineous, becoming paler with age, flesh whitish
or yellowish, taste mild; lamellae thick, distant, adnate, with a
few intermediate short ones near the margin, whitish becoming
yellowish; stem short, firm, equal or nearly so, solid, becoming
spongy within, white; spores white, Pee ae .0002—.00024 of
an inch broad.
Pileus 1.5—2.5 inches broad; stem 1—1.5 inches long, 3—5 lines
thick. Among fallen leaves in woods. Port Jefferson. August.
The spores of this species are unusually small for the genus.
This character, with the pale glutinous pileus and distant lamel-
lae, marks the species as very distinct. I take pleasure in dedi-
cating it to its discoverer, Professor F. S. Earle.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 25
Marasmius biformis n. sp.
Pileus thin, submembranaceous, campanulate or nearly plane,
generally umbilicate, glabrous, bay red or pale chestnut color and
striatulate when moist, paler or grayish and rugosely striate
when dry; lamellae rather close, adnate and joined together at
the stem, grayish tinged with creamy yellow; stem slender,
stuffed or minutely hollow, covered with a dense, downy pubes-
cence, which is brown when moist, cinereous when dry, sometimes
slightly tawny toward the base.
Pileus 4-8 lines broad; stem about 1 inch long, .5 of a line thick.
Gregarious in groves of coniferous trees. Sandlake, Rensselaer
co. August.
The species is closely related to M. subnudus, but the plant
is much smaller, the pileus is usually umbilicate and the stem
not inserted. The mycelium binds together a mass of dirt and
needles which adhere to the base of the stem when the plant is
taken from the ground. In some groups nearly all the pilei are
campanulate, in others they are nearly plane. This feature is
suggestive of the specific name.
Marasmius tomentosipes Pk.
Much decayed, mossy, prostrate trunks of trees. North Elba.
September. Similar in colorto Omphalia campanella,
but differing in its more scattered mode of growth, its longer
straight stem sprinkled with tawny mealy particles or covered
with tawny tomentum and in its less distinctly umbilicate pileus.
In our specimens the stem is flocculent mealy at the top, has
scattered flocculent particles below and a copious tomentum at
the base, all of a tawny color. The specimens revive under the
influence of moisture as in the genus Marasmius, and for this
reason they have been referred to this genus. The species was
founded on specimens collected in Idaho.
Marasmius leptopus n. sp.
Pileus thin, broadly convex or nearly plane, glabrous, obscurely
and rugosely striate on the margin, reddish brown; lamellae thin,
narrow, close, adnate, white; stem slender, glabrous, hollow,
inserted, whitish or pallid; spores oblong or narrowly elliptic,
.0003—.00035 of an inch long, .00012—.00015 broad.
26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Pileus 3—5 lines broad; stem 1—1.5 inches long, about .5 of a
line thick. Fallen leaves. Botanical garden, Bronx park.
August. |
Marasmius insititius Fr.
Fallen oak leaves. Port Jefferson. August.
Marasmius thujinus n. sp.
Pileus membranaceous, hemispheric or convex, often slightly
umbilicate, subglabrous, distantly striate on the margin, cinere-
ous tinged with lilac; lamellae few, distant, adnate, white; stem
capillary, hollow, inserted, glabrous or with a few minute, scat-
tered flocci toward the base, pallid, sometimes slightly brownish
toward the base.
Pileus 1—1.5 lines broad; stem 6—12 lines long, scarcely thicker
than a hair. Fallen leaves of arbor vitae, Thuja occident-
alis. North Elba. September.
Under a strong lens the pileus is seen to be minutely pulveru-
lent tomentose, and the stem adorned with a few minute, scat-
tered flocci.
Leptonia hortensis n. sp.
Pileus thin, convex, umbilicate, hygrophanous, reddish brown
and striatulate when moist, paler and silky when dry; lamellae
thin, close, adnexed, whitish when young, pinkish when mature ;
stem short, thin, glabrous, hollow, colored like the pileus; spores
angular, uninucleate, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, .0003 broad.
Pileus 5—10 lines broad; stem 8—12 lines long, about 1 line thick.
Naked ground in gardens. Menands, Albany co. July.
Flammula pusilla n. sp.
PLATE M, FIG. 35-41
Pileus thin, convex becoming nearly plane, glabrous, viscid,
pale buff or yellow ferruginous; lamellae narrow, close, adnate.
whitish when young, brownish ferruginous when mature; stem
short, equal, solid or stuffed, floccose fibrillose, whitish becom-
ing ferruginous toward the base, which is slightly villose
strigose, flocculent pulverulent at the top; spores elliptic, .0003
of an inch long, .00016 broad.
a
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 27
Pileus 6-12 lines broad; stem 8—15 lines long, about 1 line
‘ thick. Roots of stumps and water-soaked wood in open places.
Smithtown, Suffolk co. August.
This species resembles small forms of Naucoria semior-
bicularis in shape and color, but its more viscid pileus, adnate
lamellae, solid or merely stuffed stem and peculiar habitat dis-
tinguish it. In very young plants a slight whitish veil is
perceptible.
Craterellus subundulatus I’k.
Pileus thin, firm, subinfundibuliform, slightly floccose squamu-
lose or fibrillose, grayish or grayish brown, wavy or lobed on the
margin, the lobes often overlapping; hymenium slightly radiately
rugose, creamy white; stem short, firm, solid, colored like the
pileus; spores elliptic, .0003 of an inch long, .00016 broad.
Pileus 4-8 lines broad; stem 5-10 lines long, 1—1.5 thick.
Gregarious or cespitose. Under beech trees. New York Botani-
cal garden. August. :
Closely related to C. sinuosus, from which it differs in its
smaller size, solid, darker colored stem and slightly smaller
spores. Formerly referred to the genus Thelephora.
Clavaria crassipes n. sp.
Stem thick, firm, solid or sometimes with a cavity at the base,
glabrous white or whitish, repeatedly branched above, the
branches very numerous, crowded, solid, terminating in obtuse
or obtusely dentate tips, whitish or slightly yellowish; spores
oblong, uninucleate, .0006—.0007 of an inch long, .00025—.0003
broad, with an oblique apiculus at the base.
Plant 3—6 inches high, 2—4 inches broad in the widest part, with
the short stem about 1 inch thick. In woods and groves. Sand-
lake. August.
The flesh of the stem when cut or broken slowly assumes a
smoky brown color.
Clavaria tsugina n. sp.
Stem very short, glabrous, branching from the base, solid, the
branches few or many, suberect, sometimes crowded, flexible,
rather tough, solid, terminating in acute tips, young plants and
growing tips creamy yellow, older parts and mature plants
28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
vinaceous cinnamon or reddish brown, spores orchraceous, ellip-
tic, .0008 of an inch long, .00016 broad.
Plants 1~3 inches high, nearly as broad in the widest part.
Prostrate, decaying trunks of hemlock, Tsuga canadensis.
Adirondack mountains. July and August. Closely allted to
C.abietina, from which it differs in its naked stem, in having
no bitter flavor and in wounds not assuming a green color.
Secotium warnei Pk.
Near Gouverneur, St Lawrence co. October. Mrs E. C.
Anthony. This is the most eastern station known to me for this
western species. It has been thought by some mycologists to be
the same as S. acuminatum, but it appears to me to differ
constantly from the description of that species in shape and
color. It is very variable in shape and is sometimes umbonate,
but I have never seen any specimens that could properly be called
acuminate, nor any having an ochraceous or alutaceous color. It
does not seem to be wise to give up a certainty for an uncertainty
and to throw together forms which are constantly diverse.
Tylostoma poculatum White
Sandy soil. Karner, Albany co. Our specimens are a little
smaller than the typical form, which was collected in Nebraska.
Tylostoma punctatum Pk.
Sandy soil. West Albany. May. Formerly confused with
T. fimbriatum, from which it may be distinguished by the
punctate inner peridium.
Licea variabilis Schrad.
Decaying wood of spruce. Oldforge, Herkimer co. August.
Very variable in form. Sometimes the spores adhere to each
other in groups.
Aecidium ligustri Strauss
Living leaves of privet, Ligustrum vulgare. Menands.
June. Altamont. F. J. H. Merrill.
Cintractia affinis n. sp.
Stroma continuous, usually surrounding the stem of the host
plant and forming patches 6—24 lines long, at first covered by a
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 29
white crust, which at length ruptures and disappears, exposing
the surface of a jet black, firm, but slightly pulverulent spore
mass; spores globose or subglobose, minutely and closely papil-
lose, involved in a thin, obscure, hyaline, gelatinous coat, black,
.0006—.0008 of an inch broad.
Living stems of Rhynchospora macrostachya
Torr. Smithtown, Suffolk co. August.
This interesting species is closely related toC. leucoderma,
from which it differs in its longer, thinner and more intensely
black spore mass, which occupies the stem instead of the sheaths
and flower spikes, and by its more globose spores, which are
minutely and closely but not spirally papillose. Two spore masses
usually develop on one stem. These are commonly separated by
a slight interval. Occasionally the lower is free from the white
crust, while the upper still retains it. The thickness of the spore
mass, including the inclosed stem, is usually 1—1.5 lines.
Phyllosticta grisea n. sp.
Spots suborbicular, small, 1—-1.5 lines broad, arid, gray with a
purplish brown margin, brown beneath, occasionally brown
above; perithecia epiphyllous, minute, erumpent, black; spores
elliptic, hyaline, .00025—.0003 of an inch long, .00016 broad.
Living leaves of Crataegus praecox. Crown Point.
September.
Gloeosporium phaeosorum Sace.
Dead canes of blackberry. Farmer, Seneca co. May. F. C.
Stewart.
Sporotrichum poae n. sp.
Hyphae slender, .00008--.00012 of an ineh thick, procumbent,
branched, slightly interwoven, white; spores colorless, subglobose.
-00016--.00032 of an inch broad.
Sheaths and culms of Kentucky blue grass, Poa pratensis.
Geneva. June. F.C. Stewart. The fungus occurs both without
and within the sheaths of culms that have died, but whether their
death was due to the attack of the fungus or of insects is not clear.
30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Penicillium digitatum (Fr.) Sace.
Decaying lemons. Albany. Sometimes the whole surface of
the lemon is covered with a dusty, bluish green coat of this mold.
Penicillium pailidofulvum n. sp.
Sterile hyphae creepirg. forming a stratum of dense, tawny
tomentum; fertile hyphae erect, septate, simple or with one to
three short branches or protuberances at the top; spores caten-
ulate, elliptic, .00012--.00016 of an inch long, at first white, soon
pale tawny or ochraceous.
Parasitic on Lactarius deceptivus. Round Lake.
July.
Macrosporium lagenariae Thum.
On fruit of gourds, Lageuaria vulgaris. Albany. Jan-
uary. W. L. Smith.
Fusarium laxum n. sp.
Tufts minute, loosely gregarious, white; sporophores slen-
der; spores narrowly fusiform, slightly curved, 3—5 septate.
hyaline, .001—.002 of an inch long.
Dead stems of scouring rush, Equisetum hiemale. Del-
mar. July. Apparently a peculiar species belonging to the
section Fusisporium but having tufted sporophores.
Stilbum resinaria n. sp.
Stem cylindric, about .25 of a line long, white; capitulum
globose or depressed globose, creamy yellow; spores minute,
subglobose, .00008—.00012 of an inch long, nearly as broad.
Resinous spots on bark of balsam fir, Abies balsamea.
Adirondack mountains. Closely allied to S. rehmianum.
Helvella ambigua Karst.
Decaying wood. Piseco. August. G. F. Atkinson. This
species may easily be confused with H. infula, from which it
scarcely differs except in its pileus having a reticulated sur-
face and in its longer, more fusiform spores.
Detonia fulgens (Pers.) Rehm
Under spruce and balsam fir trees. North Elba. May. Near
Ithaca. April. E. J. Durand.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 31
Geopyxis carbonaria A. & 8.
Burnt soil. Ithaca. May. Specimens of this and the nine
following species were contributed by Mr Durand.
Calloria caulophylli (KE. & E.) Rehm
Dead stems of blue cohosh, Cauloplyllum tha lic-
troides. Ithaca. May. }
Lachnum inquilinum (Karst.) Schroet.
Dead stems of scouring rush, Equisetum hiemale.
Ithaca. May.
Sclerotinia smilacinae Durand
Dead rootstocks of wild spikenard, Smilacina racemosa.
Ithaca. May.
Ciboria americana Durand
Dead chestnut burs. Ithaca. October.
Ciboria sulphurella (E. & E.) Rehm
Dead petioles of ash leaves. Farmington, Ontario co. Sep-
tember.
Peziza violacea Pers.
Burnt soil. Ithaca. May.
Caldesia sabinae (Dellot) Rehm
Loose bark of red cedar, Juniperus virginiana. Ithaca.
November.
Helotium scutula vitellinum Rehm
Dead stems of herbs. Ithaca. October.
Ascobolus atrofuscus Ph. & Pl.
Charred wood. Canandaigua. September.
Melanospora vervecina (Desm.) Fckl.
Decaying wood of yellow birch, Betula lutea. North Elba.
September.
Leptosphaeria variegata n. sp.
Perithecia numerous, minute, depressed globose, seated on in-
determinate spots of a pinkish, grayish or brownish color, at first
covered by the epidermis, then erumpent, black; asci cylindric;
32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
spores oblong or subfusiform, triseptate, colored, .0v 0008 of
an inch long, .00016—.00018 broad.
Dead stems of pokeweed, Phytolacca decandra. Near
Trenton Falls. September.
D
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS
Lepidium virginicum L.
A dwarf form, 4 to 8 inches high and without branches, or
nearly so, was found growing in sandy soil near Delmar. A
similar form of L. apetalum Willd. was found growing from a
- thin coating of vegetable mold covering flat surfaces of outcrop-
ping rocks near Westport. This was in flower in May, the other
in July.
Lepidium ruderale L.
Fine specimens of this species were found by the roadside near —
Lansingburg. May and June.
Raphanus raphanistrum L.
A form with flowers of a peculiar brownish buff color, changing
to reddish brown with age, was found growing in sandy soil near
Karner. It was associated with the ordinary form and with the
cultivated radish, R. sativus.
Viola papilionacea domestica (Bickn.) Poll.
Waste places about Port Jefferson. August. In fruit from
cleistogamous flowers.
Drosera rotundifolia L.
A form of the round leaved sundew occurs near Port Jeffer-
son, in which the scape divides above, forming two flowering
branches with a flower in the axil.
Rubus occidentalis pallidus Bail.
Near Albia, Rensselaer co. In fruit in July. This differs from
the common form of the species in having pale yellowish fruit.
Kneiffia pumila (L.) Spach
A much branched form, with branches straight and erect, or
nearly so, and flowering abundantly, was found near North
Albany in July.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 33
Myriophyllum humile (Raf.) Morong
Muddy shore of a small pond near Smithtown, Suffolk co.
August. A small, rare and pretty little plant.
Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P.
The variety discoideus has been unusually plentiful about
Albany the past season. The peculiarly cool, wet season was
probably favorable to it.
Galinsoga parviflora hispida DC.
This introduced plant is reported by Mrs M. A. B. Kelly to be
acting like a pestilent weed in a garden at Gloversville.
Antennaria neglecta simplex n. var.
Stems 7—9 inches long, heads of flowers single or occasionally
two, very rarely three; involucral bracts oblong or linear, acute
or the outer obtusish, brownish with white tips. Sandlake. May.
These plants grew in a patch about 6 feet in diameter. They
have a peculiar appearance by reason of the single heads.
Helianthus giganteus L.
Roadsides. Keene, Essex co. September. A rare plant in this
part of the State.
Polymnia canadensis radiata Gray
Near Syracuse. June. Miss M. L. Overacker.
Xanthium canadense L.
A dwarf form of this species, 6-10 inches high, is plentiful on
sandy and gravelly shores of Lake Champlain at Crown Point.
The burs sometimes have but one beak, and the prickles are
strongly curved.
Verbena hastata L.
A plant having a close resemblance to this species was collected
at Trenton Falls. Its spikes are less dense, and its flowers are
pink. It is probably a hybrid of V. hastata and V. urtici-
folia.
34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Origanum vulgare L.
A white flowered form occurs at Trenton Falls.
Tetragonanthus deflexus (Sm.) Kuntze
This is Halenia deflexa of the Manual and is a rare
plant in our State. It was found many years ago near Trenton
Falls by Dr J. V. Haberer. In company with him, I visited the
locality in August last and found the plant still there but in small
quantity. A specimen in the herbarium represents another local-
ity for it in Sullivan county. In New York State Flora Dr Torrey
creditsit to margins of lakes in the northern part of the State on
the authority of Dr Hadley. It is desirable that any one finding it
within our State should guard as far as possible against its ex-
termination.
Physalis heterophylla ambigua (Gray) Rydb.
Sandy soil. Karner, Albany co. June and July. ‘n our
specimens the anthers and their short, thick filaments are purple
when young. The greenish yellow corolla has the brown central
spot lobed, and from the lobes brown lines radiate, giving the
spot a fringed appearance. The lower leaves are often orbicular.
Polygonum convolvulus L.
A form having a short, erect, sparingly branched stem occurs
in sandy soil about Karner. It corresponds to variety breve of
P. ecilinode.
Lilium canadense L.
The Canada lily was found growing in great abundance in a
low, wet meadow near Mount Kisco, Westchester co., by W. P.
Judson. The plants were small, the stems short and slender, each
bearing, in most cases, a single small flower, and the leaves were
smaller than usual. In an adjoining meadow on higher and drier
ground the usual form of the species was plentiful. The two
forms afford a good illustration of the influence of soil and mois-
ture on plant development. The cold, wet soil of the low meadow
was evidently unfavorable to the proper development of this lily,
and suggests the importance of a well drained soil for plants that
do not like cold, wet feet.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 35
Scirpus sylvaticus bissellii Fern.
Low ground. West Albany. Several years ago a single speci-
men of this variety, was collected by the late Rev. J. H. Wibbee
and presented to the herbarium. The station has since been de-
stroyed, and I know of no other in the State where this variety
has been found.
Sporobolus longifolius (Torr.) Wood
“Rocky sides of Skenes mountain, Whitehall. September. It
was associated with Sporobolus meglectus and Aster
concinnus. Quercus acuminata (Mx.), the eastern
form of which is Q. alexanderi Britton, was growing near
it. This mountain is an interesting botanical station.
Buxbaumia indusiata Brid.
Near Rochester. October. M.S. Baxter. This is the fourth
and most western station for this rare moss in our State. It has
been found in the Catskill mountains and in two places, Horse-
shoe pond and Lake Placid, in the Adirondack mountains.
Amanitopsis volvata (Pk.) Sace.
An unusual form of this species was found in the wooded
grounds of the New York botanical garden. A part of the volva
was closely adherent to the center of the pileus, as in AManita
calyptrata, and the base of the stem was more closely
sheathed than usual by the remains of the volva.
Amanitopsis strangulata Fr.
Piseco and North Elba. August and September. This north-
ern form differs from the more southern one in having the pileus
adorned with unequal fragments of the ruptured volva instead
of nearly equal, wartlike remnants.
Clitocybe dealbata deformata n. var.
Pileus thin, very irregular, convex or centrally depressed,
wavy or lobed on the margin, the upper surface sometimes partly
transformed into a hymenium consisting of daedaloid pores in
the center and branching and anastomosing lamellae toward the
margin, snowy white where free from hymenial development,
36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
flesh pure white, taste farinaceous; lamellae close, adnate or
slightly decurrent, transversely venose, often anastomosing or
connected by veins, frequently eroded on the edge and sometimes
transversely split, whitish; stem irregular, sometimes com-
pressed, more or less confluent at the base, stuffed or hollow,
white, with a soft, pure white, downy tomentum below; spores
subglobose .00012—.00016 of an inch long, nearly as broad.
On mushroom beds in a greenhouse. Newark, Wayne co.
March. C. E. Clark and.B. C. Williams. The specimens grew
in mushroom beds made in a poorly lighted apartment, in which
a temperature of 55°-60° was maintained. These conditions
doubtless had: some influence in causing the irregular, tufted
mode of growth. In their pure whiteness and in the tendency of
the gills to anastomose these mushrooms resemble Clitocybe
similis, but the thin pileus and the farinaceous taste and odor
indicate a relationship with C. dealbata so intimate that it
is recorded as a variety of it. That species is also sometimes
found growing in mushroom beds.
Clitocybe multiceps Pk.
A singular form of this species was found growing under a_
flagstone in Newark by Mr B. C. Williams. In the effort to ex-
pand the pileus in the open air, the stem was greatly elongated.
In one specimen the stem was 13 inches long, in the other, 16.
Clitocybe tortilis gracilis n. var.
Pileus thin, convex and slightly umbilicate, becoming centrally
depressed or infundibuliform with age, irregular, striate on the
margin and reddish flesh color when moist, paler when dry;
lamellae broad, distant, adnate or decurrent, pruinose when old
and dry; stem slender, firm, glabrous, hollow but the cavity small.
Pileus 3—6 lines broad; stem 6—10 lines long, about .5 of a line
thick. Gregarious on moist, shaded ground. New York Botani-
cal garden. August. F. 8S. Harle.
This differs from the typical form of the species in its more
slender stem, more distant lamellae and more funnel-form pileus.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 37
Collybia uniformis I’k.
PLATE M, FIG. 7-16
Specimens larger than the typical form were found in North
Elba, growing on decaying wood of balsam fir, Abies bal.
samea. After the moisture has escaped from the pileus, it has
a pruinose appearance, which is due to a minute, whitish pubes.
cence. The stem is sometimes compressed. In its general char-
acters and tufted mode of growth it is closely allied to C.
familia.
Lactarius subdulcis oculatus n. var.
PLATE 83, FIG. 20-24
Pileus moist, subhygrophanous, vinaceous buff with a small
central spot or umbo persistently reddish brown or chestnut
color. Otherwise like the species. Under spruce and balsam fir
trees. North Elba. September.
Hygrophorus capreolarius Kalchb.
This beautiful species inhabits groves of spruce and balsam
fir in North Elba, but I have seen it in no other part of the
State. It is gregarious or cespitose, has an attractive appear-
ance and an agreeable flavor when fresh, but when fried in butter
it develops a bitter taste which makes it objectionable as an
edible mushroom.
Russula olivascens Fr.
Port Jefferson. August. European authors in their descrip-
tions of this species do not mention the color of the spores. In
our plant they are ochraceous.
Russula granulata lepiotoides Atk. in litt.
This variety differs from the typical form in its pileus, whose
upper surface soon becomes rimose squamose. It was common,
in August, in the woods about Piseco, Hamilton county.
Cantharellus cibarius albipes n. var.
This differs from the usual form of the species in having the
stem white.
Stropharia siccipes radicata n. var.
Differs from the species in having a long, radicating base to the
stem. This probably depends on and is due to the fact that it
38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
grows from manure buried in the earth. New York Botanical
garden. June. F.S. Earle. Menands. July.
Marasmius resinosus niveus n. var.
Whole plant pure white. In other respects like the species.
Port Jefferson. August.
Hypholoma sublateritium squamosum Cke.
Differs from the typical form in having the pileus spotted
with brownish, fibrillose scales. In the dried specimens these
scales are less distinct. Piseco. August.
Hypholoma subaquilum Banning
Decaying, prostrate trunks of trees in woods. Piseco. August.
This species sometimes occurs in great abundance. The margin
of the pileus is often adorned with whitish, floccose fibrils of the
veil, which in the young plant may be interwoven and form a
delicate membrane which conceals the lamellae. As the pileus
expands, this separates from the stem and adheres to the margin
of the pileus, curving under and still hiding the outer extremities
of the lamellae. In the mature plant, however, all vestiges of the
veil have generally disappeared. This species is most closely
allied to H. appendiculatum, scarcely differing from it
except in the darker color of the young lamellae and the smaller
spores. Like that species it is hygrophanous, becoming paler and
rugose in drying.
Coprinus micaceus Fr.
Specimens of the glistening coprinus were found growing from
a stratum of its coarse, felty ozonium or mycelium, which had
overspread a part of the surface of an old, prostrate tree trunk in
woods near Piseco. August.
Merulius tenuis Pk.
Much decayed wood. Piseco. The type specimens of this
species were collected near Ithaca by Professor W. R. Dudley.
Fine specimens of it were collected at Piseco by Professor G. F.
Atkinson. It is a rare species.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 39
Odontia lateritia B. & C.
On a decorticated, prostrate pine trunk in woods. North Elba.
September. The specimens on pine are thinner than those on
oak, and, where the surface of the wood is smooth, the fungus
is to some extent separable from it. The species is doubtless
the same as Phlebia hydnoidea _ Schw. and should take
the name Odontia hydnoidea (Schw.).
Nidularia pulvinata (Schw.) Fr.
Fine specimens were found in North Elba, growing on decor-
ticated wood of spruce. This fungus was first described by
Schweinitz under the name Cyathus pulvinatus. Fries
changed the name to Nidularia pulvinata, and recently
the species has been transferred to another genus, and it stands
as Granularia pulvinata (Schw.) White.
E
EDIBLE FUNGI
Tricholoma subacutum Pk.
SUBACUTE TRICHOLOMA
PLATE 82, FIG. 7-14
Pileus ovate or subcampanulate, becoming broadly convex or
nearly plane, usually prominently and acutely umbonate, dry,
silky fibrillose or virgate with innate brown or blackish fibrils,
cinereous, grayish brown or blackish brown, the umbo commonly
darker, sometimes black; lamellae rather close, rounded behind,
adnexed, white; stem rather long, equal, solid, silky fibrillose,
white; spores broadly elliptic or subglobose, .00025—.0003 of an
inch long, .0002—.00025 broad.
The subacute tricholoma is easily recognized by its prominent
pointed umbo, by the minute, radiating, brown or blackish lines
or fibrils on its dry cap and by the white color of its flesh and
stem. It is not abundant, and has been found by me in North
Elba only. It grows in woods and in groves of young spruce
and balsam fir trees, appearing in September. The cap varies
in color, being pale gray, grayish brown or blackish brown. The
umbo is frequently darker than the rest, and in dark colored
40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
specimens it is nearly or quite black. The cuticle is separable
from the white flesh beneath. The flesh has no decided odor, and
its taste is sometimes acrid and sometimes mild. The gills are
rather broad but close, rounded behind and slightly attached
to the stem. They are white, but are apt to become dingy or
brownish in drying. The stem is rather long, equal, smooth or
slightly fibrillose, solid, or hollow from the erosion of insect
larvae and white.
The cap is 1.5—-8 inches broad; the stem 2—4 inches long, 3—6
lines thick. The species is so closely related to the European
virgate tricholoma, Tricholoma virgatum, that it is with
some hesitation that I have kept it distinct. In the virgate
tricholoma the taste is described as bitter, intensely bitter or
bitter in the young plant and more mild in the mature one, the
umbo is represented as low, broad and blunt and the cuticle on
it as breaking up and forming scales. The stem is described
and figured as more or less bulbous. These characters are not
found in our plant, and their absence seems to justify its
separation.
Tricholoma radicatum Pk.
ROOTED TRICHOLOMA
PLATE 82, FIG. 15-19
Pileus fleshy, deeply or broadly convex, dry, silky fibrillose or
minutely squamulose, grayish brown, the center darker and often
tinged with reddish brown, flesh white, taste disagreeable;
lamellae thin, close, emarginate, adnexed, white; stem equal or
nearly so, radicating, hollow, white; spores broadly elliptic or
subglobose, .0002—.00024 of an inch long, .00016—.0002 broad.
The rooted tricholoma is a rare species with us. It occurs
under spruce, balsam fir and other cone bearing trees in North
Elba, and is solitary or scattered in its mode of growth. It
was found in September and is apparently an autumnal species.
Its cap is broadly convex when mature, but in immature plants
it is similar in shape to an open umbrella. It is firm but flexible,
and its cuticle is separable from the white flesh. The surface is
dry, minutely silky and sometimes roughened with minute scales.
Its color is gray or grayish brown, generally a little darker in
the center, where it is tinged with reddish brown. The flesh is
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 41
white, but its taste is unpleasant. The gills are closely placed,
wide in the middle, excavated at the stem end, where there is a_
slight prolongation running down on the stem and giving its top
a striated appearance. Their color is white and unchangeable.
The stem is smooth or slightly fibrillose, hollow but with a small
cavity and white. There is a rootlike prolongation at the base,
which tapers downward and penetrates the earth.
The cap is 2-8 inches broad; the stem 1.5—4 inches long, 3-5
lines thick. The unpleasant flavor is lost in cooking.
Tricholoma silvaticum Pk.
WOOD TRICHOLOMA
PLATE 82, FIG. 1-6
Pileus convex or nearly plane, dry, glabrous, subumbonate,
whitish; lamellae broad, ventricose, subdistant, adnexed, white;
stem equal or nearly so, glabrous, solid, white; spores elliptic
.00045—.0005 of an inch long, .00025—.0003 broad.
The silvan tricholoma is a small, well formed mushroom, grow-
ing among mosses or fallen leaves in woods. Its cap is convex or
nearly plane with decurved margin. It is generally crowned with
a broad, slightly elevated umbo, and is smooth, dry and whitish.
The flesh is thin and white, the taste farinaceous. The gills are ~
broad with broad interspaces. They are deeply notched next the
stem and white. The stem is equal in diameter in all its parts
or sometimes slightly tapering upward. It is smooth or ob-
scurely fibrillose, slightly mealy or pruinose at the top, solid, firm
and white.
The cap is 1—1.5 inches broad; the stem 1-2 inches long, 2-4
lines thick. This species has been found by me in North Elba
only. It oceurs in September. It may be separated from the
white cap tricholoma, T. leucocephalum, and from the
disagreeable tricholoma, T. inamoenum, by the absence of
any distinct odor and by the color of its cap, which is not pure
white, as in these species but a creamy white or pale buff.
Hygyrophorus pudorinus Fr.
BLUSHING HYGROPHORUS
PLATE 83, FIG. 1-6
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex becoming nearly plane, glabrous,
viscid when moist, pinkish buff, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae
42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
distant, adnate becoming decurrent, white; stem stout, solid,
equal, white, roughened with white points at the top; spores
white, elliptic, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, .00016—.00024 broad.
The blushing hygrophorus is a large and beautiful species,
clean and attractive and a fine addition to our list of edible
mushrooms. It is gregarious or tufted in its mode of growth
and grows most frequently but not always under spruce and
balsam fir trees, or where these trees have previously grown. It
appears late in the season. Our plant differs in some minor
features from the description of the European plant, but in
essential characters the agreement is so close that there can be
little doubt of its identity. Its fleshy, firm cap is convex or
broadly conic when young, with the margin involute and often
downy and studded with drops of moisture, though the margin
in the European plant is described as naked. When mature it
is broadly convex or nearly plane, but sometimes has a broad
but slight central elevation or umbo. It is very smooth, viscid
when moist and of a beautiful, delicate pinkish buff color, some
times slightly tinged with brown or reddish brown in the center.
The flesh is white, slightly tinted under the thin, separable
pellicle with the color of the cap. The flavor is mild, and it has
no very distinct odor. The gills are at first attached to the stem
by the entire width of the inner extremity, but, when the cap is
fully expanded, they are somewhat decurrent. They are rather
wide apart, white and sometimes have a slight salmon-colored
reflection. The stem is stout, nearly equal in diameter through-
out but sometimes abruptly pointed at the base, solid, white and
roughened with white points at the top. These points or dots
are apt to become reddish in drying and they sometimes extend
nearly to the base of the stem. The stem of the European plant
is described as constricted at the top, but figures of it by Euro-
pean mycologists do not show this character, from which I con-
clude that it is not constant.
The cap is 2-4 inches broad; the stem is 2-5 inches long, 6-10
lines thick. Fried in butter, it has an agreeable flavor and may
easily be placed among the first class mushrooms.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 43
Lactarius luteolus Pk.
YELLOWISH LACTARIUS
PLATE 83, FIG. 7-11
Vileus fleshy, firm, convex or nearly plane, sometimes um-
bilicately depressed in the center, pruinose, more or less rugose,
yellowish or buff color, flesh white, becoming brown where
wounded, taste mild, milk copious, white or whitish, changing to
brown; lamellae close, adnate or slightly rounded behind, whitish,
becoming brown where wounded; stem short, equal or tapering
downward, firm, solid or somewhat spongy within, white or buff
color; spores white, globose, .0008 of an inch broad.
The yellowish lactarius is a very distinct species, easily known
by its buff color, copious white milk, changing to brown on ex-
posure to the air, and by its minutely velvety cap, which to the
naked eye has a pruinose appearance. The cap is broadly convex
or nearly flat when mature, sometimes with a slight central de-
pression. Its surface is seen by the aid of a lens to be covered
with a minute velvety pubescence, which is soft to the touch and
when moist is slightly sticky. The surface is sometimes even
but more often rugose. Occasionally there is a narrow encircling
furrow or band near the margin. The color is whitish, buff or
yellow buff, becoming more pronounced in drying. The flesh is
white or whitish. Wounds of any part of the plant assume a
brown color. The gills are narrow, closely placed, attached to
the stem but scarcely decurrent on it, whitish. The stem is short,
cylindric or rarely tapering downward, solid or somewhat spongy
in the center and colored like the cap.
The cap is 1.5-3 inches broad; the stem is 1—1.5 inches long,
3—5 lines thick. The plant grows in a scattered manner among
fallen leaves in woods and appears in August. Lactarius
foetidus, the fetid lactarius, is closely related and may yet
prove to be a mere variety having a strong disagreeable odor and
less copious milk.
Lactarius subdulcis (Bull.) Fr.
SWEET LACTARIUS
PLATE 83, FIG, 12-24
Pileus thin, broadly convex becoming nearly plane or centrally
depressed, usually with a small papillalike umbo, even, glabrous,
44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
zoneless, tawny red, bay red or cinnamon red, flesh whitish, often
tinged with red, taste slightly or tardily acrid, milk white, un-
changeable; lamellae thin, close, adnate or slightly decurrent,
whitish, pallid or rufescent; stem short, equal or tapering up-
ward, stuffed or hollow, glabrous, colored like or a little paler
than the pileus; spores white, globose, .0003—.00035 of an inch
broad. :
The sweet lactarius is one of our most common species. It is
rather small, but it often grows in sufficient abundance to com-
pensate for its deficiency in size. It is gregarious in its mode
of growth and occurs in a great variety of soil and location. It
may be found in woods and in open places, on naked soil or
among fallen leaves or growing from decaying wood or among
living mosses. In dry weather, when it can no longer be found in
exposed dry places, it still persists in swamps, sphagnous marshes
and wet, shaded places. It appears from June to October.
Its cap is generally broadly convex or nearly plane, but some-
times by the elevation of the margin it becomes centrally de-
pressed or almost funnel-form. Usually there is a small promi-
nence or umbo in the center, but often this is entirely absent.
The surface is quite smooth and sometimes moist and shining.
Its color varies from light red or yellowish red to bay red. The
margin is sometimes wavy or lobed. The gills are thin, narrow,
closely placed and vary in color from whitish to rufescent, re-
sembling the cap in color. The stem may be short or long accord-
ing to its place of growth. When growing among mosses, it is
apt to be longer than on bare ground. Sometimes there is a
coarse villosity or hairiness at the base of the stem, otherwise it
is smooth. It is generally hollow and brittle. In color it is
similar to or a little paler than the cap. The white milk does not
change color, and the taste varies somewhat, being in some cases
almost mild, in others tardily but decidedly acrid.
The cap is usually 1-2 inches broad; the stem 1—2.5 inches
long, 1-3 lines thick. The acrid taste is lost in cooking, and
when fried in butter it may be regarded as a fairly good though
not highly flavored mushroom. Several varieties of this variable
species have been described, but a well marked one, of which I
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 45
find no description, was discovered in North Elba, and is de-
scribed in another place in this report, under the name
Lactarius subdulecis oculatus. The varietal name
is suggested by the dark colored umbo or eyelike spot in the
center of the cap.
Russula crustosa Pk.
CRUSTED RUSSULA
PLATE 81, FIG. 1-7
Pileus fleshy, firm, very convex becoming nearly plane or cen-
trally depressed, slightly viscid when moist, even or striate and
rimose areolate on the margin, commonly even in the center,
flesh white, taste mild or sometimes tardily acrid; lamellae
moderately close, narrowed behind, some of them forked, white;
stem short, stout, equal, stuffed or hollow, white; spores white,
subglobose or broadly elliptic, .0003—.0004 of an inch long, .00025—
.0003 broad.
The crusted russula is closely related to the greenish russula,
R. virescens, and the cracked russula, R. cutefracta.
From the former it differs in its slightly viscid cap of which the
cuticle cracks and forms small, crustlike patches or scales on
the margin but usually remains entire in the center; from the
latter it is distinct by the absence of any red or purplish tints in
the flesh and the stem. [Even in purplish specimens the flesh
and stem are wholly white.
The cap is very convex or almost hemispheric when young,
nearly plane or centrally depressed when mature. The surface
cracks toward the margin as in R. cutefracta, while the
center nearly always remains entire. These surface chinks form
small areolae or scales which appear like fragments of a crus-
taceous cuticle.
The color varies greatly. It may be straw yellow, pale
ochraceous, brownish ochraceous, greenish with a yellowish or
pale ochraceous center or a dull brownish purple. The center
is sometimes paler, sometimes darker than the margin. The
flesh is white, and the taste mild or sometimes slightly and tardily
acrid. The acridity if present is destroyed by cooking. The
gills are white, narrowed toward the stem and nearly free. They
are sometimes forked, specially near the stem, and intervening
46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
short ones occur near the margin. They are white and unchange-
able. The stem also is white. This mushroom is more common
with us than the greenish russula, which it resembles in size and
flavor. It grows in woods and open ground and appears in July
and August.
Cantharellus dichotomus Ik.
DICHOTOMOUS CHANTARELLE
PLATE 84, FIG. 8-21
Pileus fleshy, soft and flexible, subconic when young, with the
margin involute and downy or flocculent, convex, nearly plane or
centrally depressed when mature, even or with a small pointed
umbo, dry, glabrous, variable in color, flesh white, taste mild;
lamellae narrow, close, dichotomous, decurrent, white or yellow-
ish; stem equal or tapering upward, solid, glabrous or slightly
fibrillose; spores narrowly elliptic, .0003-.0004 of an inch long,
.00016 broad.
The dichotomous chantarelle is a small but common species in
our hilly and mountainous districts. It grows in woods among
mosses or in pastures and bushy places among grasses and fallen
leaves. The cap is generally broadly convex with decurved
margin, but sometimes it becomes centrally depressed by the
elevation of the margin. The umbo is small and usually acute,
or papillalike, but it is often entirely absent. The margin is
involute and minutely flocculent or downy when young, but it
soon becomes naked. The surface is smooth or obscurely silky
and occasionally becomes minutely rimose areolate. The color
is very variable and may be grayish white, grayish brown, yel-
lowish brown, blackish brown or bluish gray. The flesh is white
or whitish, and the taste mild. The gills are narrow, thin, close,
decurrent and 1-3 times forked. They are white or whitish,
sometimes tinged with yellow. In moist weather wounds of
them and also of the stem sometimes become reddish. The stem
is equal in diameter or slightly tapering upward. It is glabrous
or slightly fibrillose, solid, whitish or pallid or colored like the
pileus, and when growing among mosses is clothed below with
a soft, dense, white tomentum, which binds it so closely to the
mosses that it is difficult to take a specimen without breaking
the stem unless the mosses are taken with it.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANISY 1902 47
The cap is 6-18 lines broad, the stem is 1-3 inches long, 2—4
lines thick. It is gregarious and appears from July to Sep-
tember. As an edible mushroom it is not as tender as some nor
as highly flavored, but it is satisfactory and enjoyable.
It is related so closely to Cantharellus umbonatus
that it has sometimes been regarded as a variety of it or has even
been confused with it, but the gills of that species are described
as straight, and in our plant they are constantly repeatedly
forked as in C. aurantiacus and C. albidus. The umbo
in our plant is small and pointed and often wholly wanting, but
in C. umbonatus it is represented as broad and blunt. Be-
cause of these discrepancies it seems best to keep our plant
distinct.
F
PLANTS OF THE SUSQUEHANNA VALLEY AND
ADJACENT HILLS OF TIOGA COUNTY
BY FRANK E. FENNO
The territory included in this flora consists of a strip of land
about 8 miles wide, lying on both sides of the Susquehanna river
and extending nearly east and west through the county. Its
surface is broken by the foothills of the Alleghany mountains.
These consist of a series of ridges from 1200 to 1500 feet above
tide. They are divided diagonally by the valley of the Susque-
hanna and separated laterally by the valleys of the Apalachin,
Wapasening, Owego, Catatonk, Pipe and Cayuta creeks. These
creeks have rapid currents. Their valleys are narrow in the
upper part, but expand toward the river into broad and level
fields.
The Susquehanna winds its way through a tortuous valley
bordered on either side by banks, which generally slope grad-
ually to the broad and rolling hilltops. Yet the valley is defined
in some places by steep and rocky acclivities which rise from
500 to 400 feet above the surface of the river. These acclivi-
ties furnish congenial homes for many rock-loving species of
plants. The soil in the valleys is mainly alluvial, lying on a deep
drift consisting of sand, gravel and clay. This drift forms the
soil of the adjacent hills. The territory contains very little
48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
broken country, and the rock outcrops are all sandstone belong-
ing to the Chemung group. Yet the conditions are such as are
favorable to plant life and to a rich and diversified flora. A
few plants of the region farther north have been brought down
by the mighty torrent of the river, while others have slowly
crept up from the ocean, and have found congenial homes in the
alluvial soil along the river. The writer’s knowledge of this
flora has been acquired during his past seven years’ residence in
Tioga county. He has gone over the entire territory and has
collected specimens of nearly every species and variety included
in this list.
The Illustrated Flora of Britton and Brown has chiefly been
followed in nomenclature and in the arrangement of orders.
When the names of the species and varieties differ from those
in the sixth edition of Gray’s JZanual, the names in the latter
are given second place.
Cordial acknowledgment of assistance in the identification of
critical species is hereby tendered to Professor F. Lamson Scrib-
ner, Edward 8. Burgess, Dr John K. Small, Dr Nathaniel L.
Britton and specially to Charles H. Peck and the late Dr Thomas
C. Porter. They have, by their correspondence extending over
several years, aided and encouraged the writer in the study of
the plants of this region.
PTERIDOPHYTA
Ferns and fern-allies
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrychium obliquum Muhl.
B. ternatum var. obliquum D.C. Eaton
Oblique grape fern
On knolls in old clearings and pastures. Frequent. Sep-
tember.
Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
B. ternatum var. dissectum D. C. Eaton
Cut-leaved grape fern
Damp pastures. Barton. Rare. September.
Botrychium virginianum (l.) Sw.
. Rattlesnake fern
Rich moist woods. Common. August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda regalis L.
Royal fern
Swamps and wet woodlands. Frequent. June-July.
Osmunda cinnamomea [|..
Cinnamon fern
Low woods, thickets and swamps. Common. May-July.
Osmunda claytoniana I.
Clayton's fern
Fields and woodlands. Common. May-June.
POLY PODIACEAE
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive fern
Wet places. Common. August.
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
Onoclea struthiopteris Hoffm.
Ostrich fern
Along streams in alluvial soil. Common. August.
Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) Bernh.
Dicksonia pilosiuscula Willd.
Hay-scented fern
Open woods and thickets. Common. August.
Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Rernh.
Bulblet-bearing fern
Rocky woodlands. Rare. Near Campville. July-August.
Cystopteris fragilis (l..) Bernh.
Brittle fern
In wet, shaded soil and on cliffs. Common. May-July.
Dryopteris acrostichoides (Michx.) Kuntze
Aspidium acrostichoides Sw.
Christmas fern
Woods, specially under evergreens. Common. August.
Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) Gray
Aspidium noveboracense Sw.
New York fern
Moist woods. Common. August.
49
50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) Gray
Aspidium thelypteris Sw.
Marsh shield fern
Swamps and low grounds. Common. Summer.
Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray
Aspidium cristatum Sw.
Crested shield fern
Swamps. Common. July-August.
Dryopteris cristata clintoniana (DD. ©. Eaton) Underw.
Aspidium cristatum clintonianum (D. ©. Eaton)
Underw.
Wet woods. Rare. August.
Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray
Aspidium marginale Sw.
Marginal shield fern
Rocky banks in deep shade. Common. July-August.
Dryopteris spinulosa (Retz) Kuntze
Aspidium spinulosum (Sw.) Kuntze
Spinulose shield fern
Wet woods and swamps. Infrequent.
Dryopteris spinulosa intermedia (Muhl.) Underw.
Aspidium spinulosum var. intermedium D.C. Baton
In woods wet or dry. Common. August-September.
Dryopteris boottii (Tuckm.) Underw.
Aspidium boottii Tuckm.
Boott’s shield fern
Swamps. Rare. Barton. July-September.
Phegopteris phegopteris (LL.) Underw.
P. polypodioides Fee
Long beech fern
Rich woods. Frequent. August.
Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee
Broad beech fern
Rich woods. Frequent. August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 51
Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fee
Oak fern
Rich moist woods. Common. The three species of Phegopteris
are frequently seen growing together. August.
Woodwardia virginica (L.) J. E. Smith
Virginia chain fern
Bogs north of Barton. Rare. July.
Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link
Walking fern
Found sparingly on a few rocks west of Barton. Au
October.
Asplenium trichomanes L.
Maidenhair spleenwort
Rocky walls of deep ravines and on stony banks. Common.
July-September.
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes
A. ebeneum Ait.
Ebony spleenwort
On rocks and banks. Infrequent. July-September.
Asplenium acrostichoides Sw.
A. thelypteroides Michx.
Silvery spleenwort
Rich moist woods. Infrequent. August-October.
Asplenium filix-foemina (L.) Bernh.
Lady fern
In woods, thickets and by walls and fences. Common. The
fronds are quite variable. July-August.
Adiantum pedatum L.
Maidenhair fern
Abundant in moist woodlands. July-September.
Pteris aquilina L.
Brake. Bracken.
On shrubby hillsides, borders of fields and roads and in open
woods. Common. July-September.
52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Polypodium vulgare L.
Common polypody
On rocks and rocky banks. Common. Found occasionally in
swamps on trunks of trees. June-October.
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum arvense L.
Field horsetail
Along railways and roadsides. Common. May.
Equisetum sylvaticum I.
Wood horsetail
Moist woods. Common. May.
Equisetum fluviatile L.
EK. limosum L.
Swamp horsetail
River shores. Common. May-June.
Equisetum hyemale lL.
Scouring rush
Wet places and on banks. Frequent. May-June.
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium lucidulum Michx.
Shining club moss
in damp hemlock woods. Common. August-October.
Lycopodium obscurum L.
Ground pine
Moist woods. Common. July-September.
Lycopodium annotinum L.
Stiff club moss
fn a thicket near Apalachin. Rare. September-November.
Lycopodium clavatum L.
Running pine. Club moss
found in thickets, open woods and along bushy roadsides.
Common. August-October.
Lycopodium complanatum Lh.
Trailing Christmas green
Thickets, open woods, specially in groves of young coniferous
trees. Common. Autumn.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 53
Lycopodium chamaecyparissus A. Br.
Found with the last and generally considered a variety of that
species. Professor Underwood makes it a distinct species in his
work, Our Native Ferns. Autumn.
ISOETACEAE
Isoetes engelmanni A. Br.
Engelmann’s quillwort
Frequent along the Susquehanna at Apalachin. August.
Isoetes engelmanni gracilis Kngelm.
Found with the last. August.
SPERMATOPHYTA
Seed-bearing plants
PINACEAE
Pinus strobus L.
White pine
Very common. Formerly this was the principal forest tree
of this region, but now it occurs chiefly as a small tree, though,
scattered here and there, specimens of primeval trees are still
found. : : :
Pinus resinosa Ait.
Red pine. Canadian pine
Very rare. A single specimen was observed near Barton in
1897. According to old settlers it was formerly quite frequent.
June. Pinus rigida Mill.
Pitch pine
Common. A much smaller tree than the white pine and less
valuable. May.
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.
Hemlock
Common. The young trees are the most graceful of evergreens.
May.
Taxus minor (Michx.) Britton
T. canadensis. Willd.
; Ground hemlock. American yew
Moist, shaded banks and along streams. Frequent. Abundant
near Apalachin and at the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western
narrows west of Owego. Sometimes mistaken for a juniper.
May.
54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
TY PHACEAE
Typha latifolia L.
Broad-leaved cattail
Swamps. Abundant. June.
SPARGANIACEAE
Sparganium euryecarpum Engelm.
Broad-fruited bur reed
Marshes and borders of streams. Common. May-August.
Sparganium simplex Huds.
Simple-stenmmed bur reed
The same situations as the last, but less frequent. June-
August.
NATADACEAE
Potamogeton natans L.
Common floating pondweed
Ponds and slow streams. Common. July-August.
Potamogeton nuttallii Cham. & Sch.
P. pennsylvanicus Cham.
Nuttal’s pondweed
Ponds and streams. Common. July-August.
Potamogeton lonchites Tuckerm.
Pafluitans Roth
Long-leaved pondweed
In the river. Frequent. July-October.
Potamogeton perfoliatus L.
Clasping-leaved pondweed
In the river. Frequent. July-September.
Potamogeton crispus L.
Curled-leaved pondweed
In the river. Infrequent. August.
Potamogeton zosteraefolius Schum.
Eelgrass pondweed
In the river. Frequent. July-August.
Potamogeton pectinatus L.
Fennel-leaved pondweed
In the river. Common. July-August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
on
ot
Zannichellia palustris L.
Zannichellia
The Susquehanna river. Infrequent. July-September.
Naias flexilis (Willd.) Rost. & Schmidt.
Slender naias
Frequent in the river. Summer.
ALISMACEAE
Alisma plantago-aquatica L.
Water plantain
Swamps, low grounds and along streams. Common. Summer.
Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
S. variabilis Engelm.
Broad-leaved arrowhead
In wet ground or shallow water. Common. Summer.
Sagittaria rigida Pursh
S. heterophylla Pursh
Sessile-fruiting arrowhead
Along the border of the river. Frequent. Generally found in
shallow water. July-September.
Sagittaria graminea Michx.
Grass-leaved arrowhead
Shallow water along the Susquehanna. Frequent. Abundant
at Apalachin. July-September.
VALLISNERIACEAE
Philotria canadensis (Mich.) Britton
Elodea canadensis Michx.
Ditch moss
Ponds and streams. Common. May-August.
Vallisneria spiralis L.
Helgrass
Common in the river. Summer.
GRAMINEAE
Andropogon scoparius Michx.
Little blue stem. Broom beard grass
Dry banks along the river. Common. August-September.
56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Andropogon furecatus Muhl.
_ Big blue stem. Forked bearded grass
Dry banks along the river. Common. This grass has a very
wide range east of the Rocky mountains. It is very abundant
in the Missouri region, and is highly prized for hay. August-
September.
Chrysopogon avenaceus (Michx.) Benth.
Indian grass
Found with the two preceding species but less common. A
grass of wide distribution and specially abundant in South
Dakota, where it is highly valued as a hay-producing species.
August-September.
Snytherisma sanguinalis (L..) Nash
Panicum sanguinale L.
Large crab grass
Cultivated ground. Common. A grass of no agricultural
value in the north, but in the south it is frequently cut for hay.
July-August.
Snytherisma linearis (Krock.) Nash
Panicum glabrum Gaud.
Small crab grass
Cultivated fields. Common. July-September.
Panicum crus-galli L.
Barnyard grass
Cultivated soil and along streams. Common. A _ coarse,
succulent grass and valuable forage plant for the silo. Autumn.
Panicum agrostidiforme Lam.
P. agrostoides Muhl.
Agrostis-like panicum
Wet, gravelly shores along the river. Frequent. July-Sep-
tember.
Panicum porterianum Nash
Pre latit oli mie
Porter’s panicum
Open woods and thickets. Frequent. June-July.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 57
Panicum commutatum Schultes
Variable panicum
Dry bank. Apalachin. Rare. June-July.
Panicum macrocarpon Le Conte
Large-fruited panicum
Open woods and thickets. Common. July.
Panicum clandestinum L.
Hispid panicum
On the banks of the river and along streams. Common. June-
July.
Panicum xanthophysum Gray
Slender panicum
Dry bank 2 miles east of Campviile. Rare. June-July.
Panicum dichotomum L.
Forked panicum
Thickets both dry and wet. Common. June-July.
Panicum pubescens Lam.
Hairy panicum
Fields and thickets. Abundant. June-August.
Panicum depauperatum Muhl.
Starved panicum
Dry banks. Frequent. June-September.
Panicum linearifolium Scribn.
Linear-leaved panicum
Dry banks. Common. This species is more plentiful than the
last, which it closely resembles. June-August.
Panicum virgatum L.
Tall smooth panicum. Switch grass
Along the river. Common. August-September.
Panicum miliaceum L.
Millet
A cultivated grass which frequently escapes. July.
Panicum proliferum Lam.
Spreading panicum
River shore. Frequent. Abundant in some places. August.
58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Panicum capillare L.
. Witch grass
Cultivated grounds, woods, fields and along streams. Common.
Summer.
Ixophorus viridis (L.) Nash
Setaria viridis Beauv.
Green foxrtail
Cultivated fields. Common. July-September.
Ixophorus glaucus (L.) Nash
Setaria glauca Beauv.
Yellow foxtail. Pigeon grass
Fields and roadsides. Common. July-September.
Ixophorus italicus (L.) Nash
Setaria italica Kunth
Italian millet. Hungarian grass
Waste places. Infrequent. This species together with
I. germanicus is found in cultivation throughout. August.
Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britton
Leersia virginica Willd.
White grass
Damp, shaded places. Common. August-September.
Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll.
Leersia oryzoides Sw.
Rice cut grass
Marshes and wet places along streams. Common. August-
September.
Phalaris arundinacea L.
Reed canary grass
Borders of ponds and streams. Infrequent. July-August.
Phalaris canariensis L.
Canary grass
Waste places. Infrequent. Does not persist long. August.
Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Sweet vernal grass
Roadsides and pastures. Frequent. June-July.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 59
Aristida dichotoma Michx.
Poverty grass
In poor, thin soil at Apalachin. September.
Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx.
White-grained mountain rice
Upland woods. Frequent. May.
Oryzopsis melanocarpa Muhl.
Black mountain rice
Rocky hillsides in woods west of Barton. Plentiful. August.
Milium effusum L.
Wild millet
Damp woods. Infrequent. June-July.
Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.
Mexican drop seed
Low grounds. Common. August-September.
Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P.
M. glomerata Trin.
Marsh muhlenbergia
Dry, stony bank at Apalachin. Apparently not found in our
swamps. September.
Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr.
Woodland drop sced
Banks of the river and along streams. Common. September.
Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) B. S. P.
M. willdenovii Trin.
Slender-flowered drop seed
Dry thicket near Apalachin. Plentiful. August-September.
Muhlenbergia diffusa Schreb.
Nimble will
Woods and roadsides. Frequent. Found also in shady lawns.
September.
Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
eae: aristatum R. &S&S.
Brachyelytrum
Moist woods. Common. July-August.
60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Phleum pratense L.
Timothy. Herd’s grass
Fields and waysides. Abundant.
Alopecurus geniculatus L.
A. geniculatus var. aristulatus Torr.
Marsh foxtail
Marshland swamp and along streams at Apalachin. Frequent.
This grass is said to make a beautiful lawn, remaining green
throughout the winter. July-August.
Alopecurus pratensis L.
Meadow foxtail
Meadow lands at Apalachin. Infrequent. An excellent pas-
ture grass. June-July.
Sporobolus vaginaeflorus (Torr.) Wood
Sheathed rush grass
Roadside in poor soil. Common. September.
Cinna arundinacea L.
Wood reed grass
Borders of ponds and streams. Common. Found also in
swamps. August-September.
Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb.
C. pendula Trin.
Slender wood reed grass
Damp woods and borders of ponds and streams. Frequent.
August-September.
Agrostis alba L.
Redtop
Grass lands. Common. July-August.
Agrostis vulgaris With.
Redtop. Herd’s grass
Meadows, fields and pastures. Common. July-August.
Agrostis stolonifera L.
Creeping bent grass
Damp shores and pasture lands. Frequent. This and the pre-
ceding one are regarded by some as only varieties of Agrostis
alba. July-August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 61
Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm.
Thin grass
Shaded places. Common. July-August.
Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P.
Lg A. scabra Willd.
Rough hair grass
Damp shaded places. Common. July-August.
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.
Blue joint grass
River banks. Common. Found at Apalachin on a _ hilltop.
August.
Calamagrostis cinnoides ;Muhl.) Scribn.
C- nuttalivanma— Steud:
Nuttalls reed grass
Two miles east of Campville. Rare. August.
Holcus lanatus L.
Velvet grass. Meadow soft grass
Meadows and pasture lands. Frequent. June-August.
Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.
Tufted hair grass
River shore. Infrequent. Near Campville. August.
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.
Wavy hair grass
River bank at Apalachin. Infrequent. July-August.
Avena striata Michx.
Purple oat
Damp woods. Infrequent. Woods at Mutton hill pond. July.
Arrhenatherum elatius (I..) Beauy.
Oat grass
Meadows and pastures at Apalachin. Frequent. Cultivated
for hay. June-August.
Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauy.
Wild oat grass
Dry, sterile soil. Common. A form of this grass with the
leaves and lower sheaths clothed with long, soft hairs is frequent
in dry thickets. July-August.
62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Danthonia compressa Austin
Flattened wiid oat grass
Woods and shaded places. Frequent. August.
Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd.
Fresh-water cord grass
River shores. Infrequent. August-September.
Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees
Capillary eragrostis
Dry banks and meadows. Frequent. Campville flats.
Eragrostis frankii Steud.
Frank’s eragrostis
River shores. Infrequent. Abundant in an old gravel pit near
Apalachin. September.
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv.
Tufted eragrostis
Roadsides in poor soil. Common. August.
Eragrostis purshii Schrad.
Pursh’s eragrostis
Plentiful at a sand bank at Apalachin and along roadsides.
August-September.
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud.
Purple eragrostis
Meadows at Apalachin. Rare. <A beautiful species. August.
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P.
BE. reptans Nees
Crecping eragrostis
Along the river and in wet places. Common. August.
Eatonia pennsylvanica (DC.) Gray
Eaton’s grass
Moist thickets and swamps. Frequent. July.
Eatonia nitida (Spreng.) Nash
BE. dudleyi Vasey.
: Slender eatonia
Frequent on wooded banks at Apalachin. May-June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 63
Koeleria cristata (l.) Pers.
Koeleria
Dry bank near Campville. Infrequent. A western species
which reaches its eastern limit with us. August.
Dactylis glomerata L.
Orchard grass
Grass lands. Common. June-July.
Cynosurus cristatus L.
Dog-tail grass
Plentiful in a pasture at Campville. Adventive from Europe.
July.
Poa annua L.
Low spear grass
Dooryards, lawns and waste places. Common. May-October.
Poa compressa L.
English blue grass. Wire grass
Meadows and other grass lands. Common. A slender form is
found in woods. June-July.
Poa pratensis L.
Kentucky blue grass. June grass
In all meadows and pastures. The most common of our grasses.
June-July.
Poa trivialis L.
Roughish meadow grass
Plentiful in swamps and wet places at Apalachin. July.
Poa flava L.
P. serotina Ehrh.
False redtop. Fowl meadow grass
Low meadows and along streams. Common. July-August.
Poa debilis Torr.
Weak spear grass
Woods and thickets. Frequent. May-June.
Poa aisodes Gray
Grove meadow grass
Wet woods. Infrequent. May-June.
64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Panicularia laxa Scribn.
Northern manna grass
Swamps at Apalachin. Infrequent. August.
Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze
Glyceria canadensis ‘Trin.
Rattlesnake grass
Swamps. Common. July-August.
Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze
Glyceria nervata Trin.
Nerved manna grass
Swamps, woods and damp places. Common. June-September.
Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacM.
Glyceria grandis Wats.
Tall manna grass
Swamps and along streams. Frequent: July-August.
Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze
Glyceria pallida Trin.
Pale manna grass
Marshland swamp and swamp east of Campville. Frequent.
July-August.
Panicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze
Glyceria ftlurtans: Rh. Br.
Floating manna grass
Marshland swamp and swamp east of Campville. Frequent
July-August.
Panicularia borealis Nash
Northern manna grass
Marshland swamp. Frequent. Apparently a slender form of
the preceding species. July-August.
Panicularia acutiflora (Torr.) Kuntze
Gly ceria -aeutretlora> Torr.
Sharp-scaled manna grass
Marshland swamp and swamp east of Campville. Infrequent.
June-August.
Festuca ovina L.
Sheep’s fescue
Plentiful in pastures and at Campville. June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 65
Festuca ovina duriuscula (L.) Hack.
Hard fescue
Banks of the river. Frequent. July.
Festuca elatior L.
T'all fescue
Grass lands. Common. A valuable grass either for mowing
or for pasture. July-August.
Festuca nutans Willd.
Nodding fescue
Damp woods. Frequent. July.
Bromus ciliatus L.
Wood chess
Low woods and banks of streams. Common. July-August.
Bromus pubescens Muhl.
B. ciliatus purgans (L.) Gray
Soft chess
Thicket near Apalachin. July. Distinct from the last both in
appearance and habitat.
Bromus kalmii Gray
Kali’s chess
In rocky woods. Frequent. July-August.
Bromus secalinus L.
Cheat. Chess
Frequent in wheat fields. June-August.
Bromus racemosus L.
Upright chess
In fields and along railways. Frequent. July-August.
Lolium perenne L.
Rye grass
Pasture land at Campyille. Frequent. July.
Lolium italicum A. Br.
Italian rye grass
Meadow lands at the Marshland farm. Frequent. A much
coarser grass than the last. July.
66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.
Quack grass
Grass lands, specially around barns and dwellings. Common
July-September.
Agropyron caninum (L.) R. & S.
Awned wheat grass
Open woods and thickets and along their borders. Frequent.
July.
Hordeum jubatum L.
Squirrel tail grass
Along the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and
in gardens, as a weed, at Apalachin. Infrequent. July.
Elymus striatus Willd.
Slender wild rye
River banks in shade. Common. June.
Elymus virginicus L.
Terrell grass
River banks. Common. July-August.
Elymus canadensis L.
Nodding wild rye
River banks. Abundant. July-August.
Elymus canadensis glaucifolius (Willd.) Torr.
Glaucous wild rye
With the preceding species and evidently only a glaucous form
of it. July-August.
Hystrix hystrix (L.) Millsp.
Asprella hystrix Willd.
Bottle brush grass
In rocky woods and along streams. Frequent. Spikelets
easily detached. July.
CYPERACEAE
Cyperus diandrus Torr.
Low cyperus
Along streams in wet soil. Frequent. August-September.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 67
Cyperus rivularis Kunth
Shining cyperus
In wet soil, specially along Apalachin creek. Frequent.
August-September.
Cyperus inflexus Muhl.
©. aristatus) Rottb.
Awned cyperus
In wet soil along the river shores. Infrequent. August.
Cyperus esculentus L.
Yellow nut grass
Along streams and in damp fields. Common. In some places
a troublesome weed. August-October.
Cyperus strigosus L.
Straw-colored cyperus
In moist meadows or along streams. Common. A species pre-
senting numerous forms. August-October.
Dulichium arundinaceum (.) Britton.
D. spathaceum Pers.
Dulichium
Swamps. Very common. August-October.
Eleocharis ovata (Roth) R. & 8S.
Ovoid spike rush
Swamps and in all wet soil. Common. July-September.
Eleocharis acicularis (..) R. & S.
Needle spike rush
In wet soil. Common. July-September.
Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britton
Fimbristylis capillaris Gray
Hairlike stenophyllus
Campville river flats. Frequent. August.
Scirpus planifolius Muhl.
Wood club rush
In dry woods and thickets. Frequent. May-June.
68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Scirpus americanus Pers.
S. pungens Vahl
Chair-maker’s rush
On the river shores. Frequent. Abundant at Apalachin.
August.
Scirpus torreyi Olney
Torrey’s bulrush
Plentiful at Mutton hill pond in the outlet. August.
Scirpus lacustris L.
Great bulrush. May rush
In shallow water along the river. Common. August.
Scirpus atrovirens Muhl.
Dark green bulrush
Swamps and wet places. Common. July.
Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl
Leafy bulrush
Wet woods and along streams. Frequent. August.
Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth
Eriophorum cyperinum IL.
Wool grass
In all swamps and other wet places. Abundant. August-
September.
Scirpus cyperinus eriophorum (Michx.) Britton
Eriophorum cyperinum var. laxum Gray
With the type. Common. Spikelets mostly peduncled.
August-September.
Eriophorum polystachyon L.
Tall cotton grass
Mutton hill pond. Rare. June-August.
Eriophorum virginicum L.
Virginia cotton grass
Common in bogs. A form is found at Barton, which approaches
the var. album Gray. July-September.
Rynchospora alba (L.) Vahl
White beaked rush
On bogs at Mutton hill pond. Common. July.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 69
Carex intumescens Rudge
Bladder sedge
In wet woods, bogs and swamps. Common. June-July.
Carex asa-grayi Bailey
C. grayi Carey
Gray’s sedge
‘Plentiful in a small swamp at Barton. July.
Carex lupulina Muhl.
, Hop sedge
Swamps. Common. July.
Carex lupulina bella-villa (Dewey) Bailey
Swamp east of Campville. Infrequent. July.
Carex utriculata Boott
Bottle sedge
Abundant at the Marshland swamp. June-July.
Carex monile Tuckerm.
Necklace sedge
Swamps. Common. July.
Carex tuckermani Dewey
Tuckerman’s sedge
In swamps, bogs and wet meadows. Common. June-July.
Carex retrorsa Schwein.
Retrorse sedge
Swamps. Infrequent. June-July.
Carex lurida Wahl.
Sallow sedge
Swamps and low grounds. Abundant. June-July.
Carex baileyi Britton
Clarida var eeracriis. Bailey
Buailey’s sedge
Swamp near Campville. Infrequent. July.
Carex hystricina Muhl.
Porcupine sedge
Swamps. Infrequent. June-July.
70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Carex pseudo-cyperus L.
Cyperuslike sedge
Swamp east of Campville. Rare. July-August.
Carex comosa Boott
C. pseudocyperus var. americana Hochst.
Bristly sedge
Swamps. Common. July-August.
Carex trichocarpa Muhl.
Hairy-fruited sedge
Along the river banks. Abundant. Found also in swamps.
June-July.
Carex riparia Curtis
River bank sedge
Abundant at the Marshiand swamp. June.
Carex scabrata Schwein.
Rough sedge
In wet, shaded places. Common. June-July.
Carex lanuginosa Michx.
CG. filiformis var. latifolia Boeckl.
Woolly sedge
Mutton hill pond. Infrequent. June.
Carex filiformis L.
Slender sedge
Frequent in all swamps in the vicinity of Apalachin.
July.
Carex stricta Lam.
Tussock sedge
Along the river and on the edges of Swamps. Common.
5 >
June.
Carex torta Boott
Twisted sedge
On banks of streams. Frequent. June.
Carex prasina Wahl.
Drooping sedge
Plentiful at Mutton hill pond. May-July.
June-
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
Carex crinita Lam.
Fringed sedge
Swamps, wet places and ditches. Frequent. June-July.
Carex gynandra Schwein.
Nodding sedge
71
Found in the same situations as ©. crinita, but much more
common. June-July.
Carex virescens Muhl.
Downy green sedge
In grassy places. Infrequent. June.
Carex triceps Michx.
C. triceps var. hirsuta Bailey
Hirsute sedge
On dry knolls. Frequent. June.
Carex gracillima Schwein.
Graceful sedge
In moist woodlands. Common. June.
Carex longirostis Torr.
Long-beaked sedge
Plentiful in thickets along the river banks at Barton.
June.
Carex arctata Boott
Drooping wood sedge
In open woods. Infrequent. May-June.
Carex tenuis Rudge
C. debilis var. rudgei Bailey
Slender-stalked sedge
Low woods. Common. June-July.
Carex grisea Wahl.
Gray sedge
In shaded places. Common. June.
Carex amphibola Steud.
Narrow-leaved sedge
May-
River bank at Apalachin. Infrequent. Verified by Dr Thomas
C. Porter. June.
V2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Carex granularis Muhl.
Meadow sedge
Moist ground in meadows. Infrequent. June.
Carex pallescens L.
Pale sedge
In fields and along roadsides at Apalachin. June.
Carex laxiflora Lam.
Loose-flowered sedge
Woods, ravines and open places. Common. May-June.
Carex laxiflora blanda (Dewey) Boott
Woods and fields. Frequent. May-June.
Carex laxiflora varians Bailey
Found with the type. Frequent. May-June.
Carex laxiflora patulifolia (Dewey) Carey
In ravines and damp shades. Common. May-June.
Carex styloflexa Buckley
C. laxiflora var. styloflexa Boott
Bent sedge
Damp soil at Barton. Rare. June.
Carex digitalis Willd.
Slender wood sedge
Open woods and thickets. Infrequent. June.
Carex albursina Sheldon
C. Vaxitlora Svari vlatigtoe lia, “Boott
White bear sedge
Rich, moist soil in woods, specially in shaded ravines. Fre
quent. June.
Carex plantaginea Lam.
Plantain-leaved sedge
Shaded banks and open woods. Infrequent. Near Owego.
May-June.
Carex laxiculmis Schwein.
Spreading sedge
In woods and coppices. Frequent. June.
ee
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 73
Carex pedunculata Muhl.
Long-stalked sedge
Plientiful in a damp thicket at Barton. May-June.
Carex pedicellata (Dewey) Britton
Cc. communis Bailey
Fibrous-rooted sedge
_ Dry banks in open thickets. Common. May-June.
Carex pennsylvanica Lam.
Pennsylvania sedge
Dry soil in woods, thickets and open places. Very common.
May-June.
Carex varia Muhl.
Emmons sedge
On hilltops in either dry or damp woods at Apalachin. Infre-
quent. May-June.
Carex pubescens Muhl.
Pubescent sedge
Open woods at Barton. Infrequent. June.
Carex leptalea Muhl.
C. polytrichoides Muhl.
Brisile-stalked sedge
Swamps. Common. June.
Carex stipata Muhl.
Awl-fruited sedge
Swampy fields. Very common. June.
Carex vulpinoidea Michx.
Fox sedge
Swamps, ditches and fields. Very common. June.
Carex xanthocarpa Bicknell
Yeliow-fruited sedge
In dry fields at Apalachin. Common. Easily distinguished
from C. vulpinoidea_ by its bright yellow, plano-convex
perigynia. June.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Carex tenella Schk.
Soft-leaved sedge
Swamp north of Campville. June.
Carex rosea Schk.
Stellate sedge
Woods and open places. Common. June.
Carex rosea radiata Dewey
With the type. June.
Carex retroflexa Muhl.
C. rosea var. retroflexa Torr.
Reflexed sedge
Rich woods. Infrequent. June.
Carex muricata L.
Lesser prickly sedge
Dry bank at Apalachin. Introduced from Europe. June.
Carex sparganioides Muhl.
Bur reed sedge
Shaded places, wet or dry. Common. June-July.
Carex cephaloidea Dewey
Thin-leaved sedge
Moist places in woods and fields. Frequent. June-July.
Carex cephalophora Muhl.
Oval-headed sedge
Dry knolls and open woodland. Common. June.
Carex muhlenbergii Schk.
Muhlenberg’s sedge
Dry bank at Apalachin. Rare. June.
Carex sterilis Willd.
C. echinata var. microstachys Boeckl.
Little prickly sedge
sogs. Mutton hill pond. Frequent. May-June.
Carex sterilis cephalantha Bailey
C. echinata var. cephalantha Bailey
With the type at Mutton hill pond. May-June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 15
Carex canescens L.
Silvery sedge
Plentiful at Mutton hill pond. May-June.
Carex trisperma Dewey
Three-fruited sedge
Swamps near Barton and Campville. June-August.
Carex deweyana Schwein.
Dewey’s sedge
Dry, open woods. Common. June.
Carex bromoides Schk.
Broomlike sedge
Shaded swamps and wet woodlands. Common. June.
Carex tribuloides Wahl.
Blunt broom sedge
Low moist ground, swamps and swales. Common. July.
Carex tribuloides bebbii Bailey
Wet places. Occasional. July.
Carex scoparia Schk.
Pointed broom sedge
Common in open fields and ditches. July.
Carex scoparia minor Boott
Dry woods. Barton. June.
Carex cristatella Britton
Cc. trribuloides” var eristata Bailey
Crested sedge
Plentiful in fields at Apalachin. July-September.
Carex foenea Willd.
Hay sedge
Dry banks at Apalachin. Rare. June-July.
Carex straminea Willd.
Straw sedge
Coppices and open fields. Frequent. June-July.
76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Carex festucacea Willd.
C. straminea var. brevior Dewey
Fescue sedge
In a dry thicket on a hilltop near Apalachin. Rare. June.
ARACEAE
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Torr.
Indian turnip. Jack-in-the-pulpit
Rich moist woodlands and ravines. Common. The corm, when
fresh, is very acrid. June.
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott
Green dragon
Shaded alluvial soil along the river. Frequent. June.
Calla palustris L.
Water arum. Wild calla
Swamps. Common. Generally found growing in water. May-
June. Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf.
Symplocarpus foetidus Nutt.
Skunk cabbage
Alluvial soil along the river and its branches. Common.
March-April.
Acorus calamus L.
Sweet flag
Wet places, specially near dwellings. Frequent. June.
LEMNACEAE
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.
Great duckweed
Stagnant pools and water holes. Common. Summer.
Lemna minor L.
Small duckweed
With the last but less common. Summer.
PONTEDERIACEAE
Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM.
H. graminea Vahl
Water star grass
In shallow water along the river. Common. August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 V7
JUNCACEAE
Juncus effusus L.
Soft rush
Wet places. Common. Summer.
Juncus bufonius L.
Toad rush
Roadsides. Common. Summer.
Juncus tenuis Willd.
Yard rush
Along paths and waysides. Common. Summer.
Juncus nodosus L.
Knotted rush
River shores and damp places. Common. Summer.
Juncus canadensis J. Gay
J. canadensis var. longicaudatus Engelm.
Canada rush
Wet places. Mutton hill pond and Marshland swamp. Summer.
Juncus canadensis brevicaudatus Engelm.
J. canadensis var. coarctatus Engelm.
Narrow-panicled rush
Juncus acuminatus Michx.
Sharp-fruited rush
Marshes and ditches. Common. Summer.
Juncoides pilosum (L.) Kuntze
Luzula vernalis DC.
Hairy wood rush
Damp woods and bushy places. Common. May.
Juncoides campestre ( L.) Kuntze
Luzula campestris DC.
Common wood rush
Dry soil in pastures and clearings. Common. April-May.
=I
(9 6)
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
MELANTHACHAE
Chamaelirium luteum (L.) Gray
C. carolinianum Willd.
Blazing star
Woods and thickets, wet or dry. Frequent. June.
Veratrum viride Ait. |
Hellebore. Indian poke
Alluvial soil along the river and other streams. Common
Uvularia perfoliata L.
Perfoliate bellwort
Rich woods and coppices. Common. May.
Uvularia grandiflora J. E. Smith
Large-flowered bellwort
Woods and thickets. Frequent. Plentiful at Barton.
Uvularia sessilifolia L.
Oakesia sessilifolia Wats.
Sessile-leaved bellwort
Low woods and ravines. Common. May.
LILIACEAE
Hemerocallis fulva lL.
Day lily
Escaped from cultivation and established by roadsides.
August.
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild leek
Alluvial soil along the river. Common. July.
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding wild onion
. June.
May.
June-
High banks of the river and rocky places. Frequent. Barton.
July.
Allium canadense L.
Meadow garlic
Thickets along the river. Frequent. May.
Lilium philadelphicum 1.
Wood lily
Dry woods and thickets. Frequent. June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 79
Lilium canadense L.
Canada lily
River banks. Frequent. June-July.
Lilium superbum L.
Turk’s cap lly
River banks. Abundant at Apalachin. July-August.
Erythronium americanum Ker
Yellow adder’s-tongue
Damp woods and pastures, specially along streams. Common.
April-May.
Ornithogalum umbellatum L.
Star of Bethlehem
Escapes from cultivation. Occasional. May.
Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.
Occasionally escapes from cultivation. Roadside at Owego.
April.
CONVALLARIACEAE
Asparagus officinalis L.
Asparagus
Fields and roadsides. Infrequent. May-October.
Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.
Yellow clintonia
Cool, damp woods. Frequent. May-June.
Vagnera racemosa (L..) Morong
Smilacina racemosa Desf.
False Solomon’s seal
Woods, ravines and river banks. Common. May.
Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene
Maianthemum canadense Desf.
False lily of the valley
Damp woods and thickets. Common. May-June.
Streptopus roseus Michx.
Nessile-leaved taisted stalk
Cool, damp woods. May-June.
80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) EI.
Hairy Solomon’s seal
Woods, fence rows and river banks. Common. May.
Polygonatum commutatum (R. & S.) Dietr.
P. giganteum Dietr.
Smooth Solomon’s seal
River banks. Common. June. The young shoots are used
as a substitute for asparagus.
Medeola virginiana L.
Indian cucumber root
Rich, moist woods. Common. May-June.
Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb.
Large-flowered wake-robin
Woods and river banks. Common. May.
Trillium erectum L.
Ill scented wake-robin
Rich woods, ravines and river banks. Common. May.
Trillium undulatum Willd.
T. erythrocarpum Michx.
Painted wake-robin
Cool, damp woods. Infrequent. Apalachin. June.
SMILACEAE
Smilax herbacea L.
Carrion flower
Woods, fence rows and banks of streams. Frequent. June.
Smilax hispida Muhl.
Hispid green brier
Thickets. Frequent. June.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville
H. erecta. kL.
Star grass
Dry woods. Frequent. May-October.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 81
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea villosa L.
Wild yam root .
Thickets along the river. Frequent. Apalachin. June-July.
IRIDACEAE
Tris versicolor L.
Larger blue flag
Swamps and shores. Common. May-July.
Sisyrinchium graminoides Bickn.
S. anceps Cav.
Stout blue-eyed grass
Grassy places. Frequent. June.
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill.
Pointed blue-eyed grass
Meadows and pastures. Common. May-August.
ORCHIDACEAE
Cypripedium acaule Ait.
Stemless lady’s slipper
Woods, specially on the site of decayed logs. Frequent. May-
June.
Cypripedium hirsutum Mill.
C. pubescens Willd.
Large yellow lady’s slipper
Wet woods and swamps. Infrequent. June.
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.
Small yellow lady’s slipper
Wet or dry woods. Common. June.
Orchis spectabilis L.
Showy orchis
Damp woods. Tioga Center. Rare. May.
Habenaria orbiculata (Pursh) Torr.
Large round-leaved orchis
Rich woods. Barton. Infrequent. July.
82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Habenaria hookeriana Gray
Hooker’s orchis
Damp woods. Barton. Infrequent. June.
Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Spreng.
H. tridentata Hook.
Small green wood orchis
Swamps near Barton. Infrequent. August.
Habenaria lacera (Michx.) R. Br.
Ragged orchis
Swamps. Apalachin. Frequent. July.
Habenaria psycodes (L..) Gray
Purple-fringed orchis
Damp woods. Common. July-August.
Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker
Rose pogonia
Mutton hill pond and bogs north of Barton. July.
Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Kuntze
Spiranthes cernua Rich.
Nodding ladies’ tresses
Damp open places. Common. September.
Gyrostachys gracilis (Bigel.) Kuntze
Spiranthes gracilis Bigel.
Slender ladies’ tresses
Dry thickets and specially in pine oroves.
Apalachin. August.
Peramium repens (L.) Salisb.
Goodyera repens R. Br.
Small rattlesnake plantain
Evergreen woods. Infrequent. July-August.
Peramium repens ophioides Fern.
With the type but more frequent. July-August.
Peramium pubescens (Willd.) MacM.
Goodyera pubescens R. Br.
Downy rattlesnake plantain
Infrequent,
Woods, usually under evergreens. Frequent. July-August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 83
Leptorchis loeselii (L.) MacM.
Liparis loeselii Richards.
Fen orchis
Damp places. Barton and Apalachin. Rare. June.
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt.
Small-jlowered coral root
Woods and thickets. Infrequent. August-September.
Corallorhiza multiflora Nutt.
Large coral root
Woods and thickets. Frequent. August.
Limodorum tuberosum L.
Calopogon pulchellus R. Br.
Grass pink. Oalopogon
Bogs north of Barton. July.
JUGLANDACEA
Juglans nigra L.
Black walnut
Banks of the river and along streams. Frequent. -April-May.
Juglans cinerea L.
Butternut. White walnut
Banks of the river and along streams. Common. April-May.
Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britton
Catya ava Pa. NUE,
Bitternut
Borders of fields. Frequent. May-June. Nut with a thin
shell and very bitter kernel.
Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britton
Carya- alba Nutt.
Shagbark. Shellbark hickory
Woods, thickets and fields. Common. May. The principal
hickory nut of the market. A form with very large compressed
nuts occurs near Apalachin.
84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Hicoria alba (L.) Britton
Carya tomentosa Nutt.
Mockernut. White-heart hickory
Fields and woods. Not common. Nut thick shelled, seed
sweet. Hicoria microcarpa (Nutt.) Britton
Carya microcarpa Nutt.
Small-fruited hickory
Frequent in fields and along their borders. May-June. Nut
small, kernel sweet.
Hicoria glabra (Nutt.) Britton
Carya porcina Nutt.
Pignut
Infrequent. May-June. Nut pointed, thick shelled, kernel
somewhat astringent.
MY RICACEAE
Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coulter
Myrica asplenifolia L.
Sweet fern
Thin sterile soil. Common. April-May.
SALICACKAE
Populus alba L.
White poplar
An introduced shade tree, which spreads freely by means of
suckers.
Populus balsamifera candicans (Ait.) Gray
Balm of Gilead
River banks. Abundant in some places. April.
Populus grandidentata Michx.
Large-toothed aspen
Hillsides. Common. April.
Populus tremuloides Michx.
American aspen
Woods and thickets. Common. April.
Populus dilatata L.
Lombardy poplar
An introduced tree, frequent near the sites of deserted
dwellings.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 85
Salix nigra Marsh.
Black willow
Banks of the river, along streams and on the shores of ponds.
Common. May.
Salix lucida Muhl.
Shining willow
Banks of streams. Frequent. May.
Salix fragilis L.
Orack willow. Brittle willow
River banks. Barton. Infrequent. May.
Salix alba vitellina (L.) Koch
White willow
Banks of streams. Common. May.
Salix fluviatilis Nutt.
S. longifolia Muhl.
Sandbar willow
Low land along the river. Frequent. April-May.
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
S. rostrata Richards.
Beaked willow
Swamps and wet places. Common. May.
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie willow
Dry hills. Frequent. April.
Salix tristis Ait.
Dwarf gray willow
Uplands. Frequent. March-April.
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy willow. Glaucous willow
Wet soil. Common. March-April.
Salix sericea Marsh.
Silky willow
Swamps. Common. May.
86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Salix cordata Muhl.
Heart-leaved willow .
Abundant along the river and other streams and in wet places.
April-May.
BETULACHAE
Carpinus caroliniana Walt.
Water beech
Damp woods and along streams. Common. May.
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Willd
O. virginica Willd.
Lronwood
Woods and thickets. Frequent. May.
Quercus rubra L.
Red oak
Woods. Common. June.
Quercus coccinea Wane.
Scarlet oak
Woods and thickets. Infrequent. May-June.
Quercus velutina Lam.
Q. coccinea var. tinctoria Gray
Black oak
Woods, thickets, fields and along fences. Common. May-June.
Quercus nana (Marsh.) Sarg.
OF UL eho dias Wane.
Scrub oak
Hillsides. Common. May. Forming thickets near Campville.
Quercus alba L.
White oak
Common. This species, Q. rubra, Q. velutina, Q. prinus
and Castanea dentata_ constitute the principal forest
trees of the region.
Quercus macrocarpa Michx.
Bur oak
Common along the river at Barton. May-June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 87
Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudw.
Q. bicolor Willd.
Swamp white oak
Damp grounds. Apalachin. Rare, but formerly quite plenti
ful. May-June.
Quercus prinus L.
Rock oak
Upland woods. Common. May-June.
Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Sar
Q. muhlenbergii Engelm.
oO
>:
Chestnut oak. Yellow oak
Barton. Rare. May.
Quercus prinoides Willd.
Scrub chestnut oak
Hillsides. Frequent and even abundant in some places. May.
ULMACKAE
Ulmus americana L.
White elm. American elin
Low grounds. Common. April.
- Ulmus racemosa Thomas
Rock elm
Woods and thickets. Frequent. March-April.
Ulmus fulva Michx.
Slippery elm
Along the river and creeks. Frequent. March-April.
Celtis occidentalis L.
Hackberry. Sugar tree
River banks. Scarce at Apalachin but more plentiful at Bar-
ton and in the western part of our range. April.
MORACHAE
Humulus lupulus L.
Hop
Abundant along the river banks. August.
Cannabis sativa L.
Hemp
Waste places. Occasional. August.
88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
URTICACEAE
Urtica gracilis Ait.
Slender nettle
Fence rows. Common. June-July.
Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze
Laportea canadensis Gaud.
Wood nettle
Moist, shaded places. Common. July-August.
Adicea pumila (L.) Raf.
Pilea pumila Gray
Richweed. Clearweed
Damp, shady places. Common. July-September.
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Willd.
False nettle
Wet soil. Common. July-September.
SANTALACEAE
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.
Bastard toad flax
Dry thickets. Common. May-July.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Asarum canadense L.
Wild ginger
Abundant in thickets along the river. May.
Asarum reflexum Bickn.
Short-lobed wild ginger
Plentiful in a deep ravine near Campville. Closely resembling
A.canadense, and by some regarded as a form of that species.
May.
POLYGONACEAE
Rumex acetosella L.
Sheep sorrel. Field sorrel
Everywhere common. Very abundant in newly seeded land.
May-September.
Rumex verticillatus L.
Swamp dock
Swamps. Common. May-July.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 89
Rumex britannica L.
Great water dock
Swamps. Frequent. July-August.
Rumex crispus L.
Curled dock
Waste places. Common. June-August.
Rumex sanguineus L.
Red-veined dock
Waste places. Infrequent. Apalachin. May-August.
Rumex obtusifolius L.
Bitter dock
Gardens and fields. Common. June-August.
Fagopyrum fagopyrum (L.) Karst.
F. esculentum Moench
Buckwheat
Frequently persists in fields. -JJune-September.
Polygonum amphibium L.
Water persicaria
In water and along muddy shores. Common. July-August.
Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton
P. muhlenbergii Wats.
Swamp persicaria
Shores of the river. Common. July-September.
Polygonum pennsylvanicum L.
Pennsylvania persicaria
In moist, rich soil. Common. July-October.
Polygonum persicaria L.
Lady’s thumb
Common everywhere. June-October.
Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx.
Miid water pepper
Along the river at Apalachin. Abundant in one station. June-
September.
90) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Polygonum hydropiper L.
Smartweed
Ditches and wet places. Common. July-September.
Polygonum punctatum Ell.
Poaere Hy B..K-
Water smartweed
Shores of the river. Frequent. June-October.
Polygonum virginianum lL.
Virginia knotweed
Damp thickets. Frequent. July-October.
Polygonum orientale L.
Prince’s feather
Waste places. Escaped from cultivation. Infrequent. August-
September.
Polygonum aviculare L.
Doorweed. Knotgrass
In dooryards and along footpaths. Common. June-November.
Polygonum erectum I.
Hrect knotweed
Roadsides. Common. July-September.
Polygonum convolvulus L.
Black bindweed
Cultivated and waste grounds. Common. July-September.
Polygonum cilinode Michx.
Fringed black bindweed
Infrequent. West of Owego. June-September.
Polygonum scandens L.
Climbing false buckwheat
Janks of streams. Common. August-September. .
Polygonum sagittatum L.
Arrow-leaved tear-thumb
Swamps and low grounds. Common. July-September.
Polygonum arifolium L.
Halberd-leaved tear-thumb
Marshes. Frequent. July-September.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 91
CHENOPODIACEAE
Chenopodium album L.
Pigweed
Cultivated and waste grounds. Abundant. June-September.
Chenopodium album viride (l.) Mog.
With the type. Frequent. June-September.
Chenopodium glaucum L.
Oak-leaved goosefoot
Along the railroad at Apalachin. Infrequent. June-Sep-
tember.
Chenopodium hybridum L.
Maple-leaved goosefoot
Waste places. Infrequent. July-September.
Chenopodium botrys L.
Jerusalem oak
Waste places. Infrequent. Apalachin. July-September.
Atriplex hastata L.
A. patulum var. hastatum Gray
Halberd-leaved orache
Waste places. Infrequent. August-October.
AMARANTHACEAE
Amaranthus retroflexus L.
Rough pigweed
Gardens and waste places. Common. August-October.
Amaranthus hybridus L.
A. ‘hy pochondriacus* Lh.
Slender pigweed
Waste places. Infrequent. Barton. August-October.
Amaranthus hybridus paniculatus (L.) U. & B.
A. paniculatus IL.
Red amaranth
Waste places. Infrequent. August-October.
Amaranthus blitoides Wats.
Prostrate amaranth
Along railroads. Infrequent. Campville. June-October.
92 ; NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Amaranthus graecizans L.
Aaratb a8 v1:
Tumbleweed
In waste and cultivated places. Common. June-September.
PHYTOLACCACEAE
Phytolacca decandra L.
Poke. Pigeonberry. Garget
Pastures and borders of woods, specially in newly cleared
land. Frequent. July.
AIZOACEAE
Mollugo verticillata L.
Carpetweed
Cultivated ground, where it often forms dense mats. Common.
Summer.
PORTULACACEAE
Claytonia virginica L.
Spring beauty
Moist woods and banks. Common. April-May.
Claytonia caroliniana Michx.
Carolina spring beauty
Damp woods. Infrequent. April-May.
Portulaca oleracea L.
Purslane. Pussly
Gardens and waste places. Common. Summer.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Agrostemma githago L.
Lychnis githago Scop.
Corn cockle
Frequent in wheat fields. July. The seeds are said to be very
poisonous. Silene stellata (L.) Ait.
Starry campion
Dry thickets. Common. June-July.
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
S. cucubalus Wibel
Bladder campion
Waste places. Infrequent. Barton. Summer.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 ; 93
Silene antirrhina L.
Sleepy catchfly
Along railroads and in waste places. Frequent. Summer.
Silene armeria L.
Sweet william
Spontaneous in gardens. July.
Silene noctiflora L.
Night-flowering catchfly
Waste places. Frequent. June-September.
Saponaria officinalis L.
Soapwort. Bouncing bet
Roadsides and along streams. Common. Summer.
Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Britton
Saponaria vaccearia L.
Cow herb
Along the railroad at Apalachin. Rare. July.
Dianthus armeria L.
Deptford pink
Roadsides. Infrequent. Apalachin. Summer.
Dianthus barbatus L.
Sweet william
Roadsides and waste places. Common. Summer.
Alsine media L.
Stellaria media Smjth
Common chickweed
Very common in damp grounds. March-April.
Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britton
Stellaria longifolia Muhl.
Long-leaved_ stitchwort
Moist, grassy places. Common. May-July.
Alsine graminea (L.) Britton
Stellaria graminea L.
Lesser stitchwort
In fields and along roadsides. Frequent. May-July.
94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Alsine borealis (Bigel.) Britton
Stellaria borealis Bigel.
Northern stitchwort
Along Apalachin creek. Rare. Summer.
Cerastium vulgatum L.
Mouse-ear chickweed
Roadsides, fields, coppices and waste places. Common.
October.
Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl.
C. nutans Raf.
Nodding chickweed. Powderhorn
River flats at Barton. Abundant. May-June.
Cerastium arvense L.
kield chickweed
Dry banks at Barton. Trequent. May-June.
Cerastium arvense oblongifolium (Torr.) H. & B.
With the last but more common. May-June.
Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
Thyme-leaved sandwort
Along railroads. Common. June.
Moehringia laterifiora (L.) Fenzl
Arenaria lateriflora L.
Blunt-leaved sandwort
Shaded places along the river. Frequent. June-July.
Spergula arvensis L.
Corn spurry
Common as a weed in cultivated soil. Summer.
Anychia canadensis (L.) B. S. P.
Slender forked chickweed
Dry woods. Frequent. June-August.
NYMPHAEACEAE
Brasenia purpurea (Michx.) Casp.
B. peltata Pursh
Water target
Mutton hill pond. Summer.
May-
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 95
Nymphaea advena Soland.
Nuphar advena Ait. f.
Large yellow pond lily
Mutton hill pond. Summer.
Nymphaea kalmiana (Michx.) Sims
Nuphar kalmianum Ait.
Small yellow pond lily
Marshland swamp. Summer.
Castalia odorata (Dryand.) W. & W.
Nymphaea odorata Ait.
Sweet-scented white water lily
Mutton hill pond. Summer.
CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyllum demersum L.
Hornwort
In the river. Frequent. June-July.
MAGNOLIACEAE
Magnolia acuminata L.
Cucunber tree
Frequent throughout the valley as a sinall tree, the larger trees
having been cut for lumber. June.
Liriodendron tulipifera L.
Tulip tree. Whitewood
Rare. June. This tree has been nearly exterminated by the
ax of the lumberman.
RANUNCULACEAE
Caltha palustris L.
Cowslip. Marsh marigold
Swamps and wet woodlands. Infrequent. May.
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.
Gold thread
Damp, mossy woods. Common. May.
Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.
A. spicata var. rubra Ait.
Red baneberry
Woodlands. Frequent. May-June.
96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Actaea alba (L.) Mill.
White baneberry
Rich woods. Common. May.
Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.
Black cohosh. Black snakeroot
Along the banks of the river, in thickets and borders of woods.
Common. June-July. |
Aquilegia canadensis L.
Wild columbine
Rocky woods and in meadows. Common. May-June.
Aquilegia vulgaris L.
European columbine
Escapes from cultivation and is frequent along roadsides.
May-July.
Delphinium consolida L.
Field larkspur
Waste places about Apalachin. Summer. Naturalized from
Europe.
Anemone virginiana L.
Tall anemone
River banks and borders of woods. Common. June-August.
Anemone cylindrica Gray.
Long-fruited anemone
Rare. Barton. June.
Anemone canadensis L.
A. pennsylvanica L.
Canada anemone
Along the river. Common. May-August.
Anemone quinquefolia L.
A. nemorosa L.
Windflower
Moist thickets and woods. Common. May.
Hepatica hepatica (L.) Karst.
H. triloba Chaix
Round-lobed liverleaf
In thickets and woods. Common. March-May.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 97
Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton
H. acutiloba DC.
Sharp-lobed liverleaf
In the same situations as the former but less common. March-
May.
Clematis virginiana L.
Virgin’s bower
Fence rows, banks of streams and thickets. Common. July.
A plant more beautiful in fruit than in flower.
Atragene americana Sims
Clematis verticillaris DC.
Purple virgin’s bower
Rocky hillsides. Rare. Owego. May.
Ranunculus reptans L.
R. flammula var. reptans E. Meyer
Creeping spearwort
Shores of the Susquehanna. Infrequent. Apalachin. Summer.
Ranunculus abortivus L.
Kidney-leaved crowfoot
Woods and moist ground. Common. May-June.
Ranunculus sceleratus L.
Ditch crowfoot
Ditches. Infrequent. Apalachin and Barton. May-August.
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.
Hooked crowfoot
Damp woods. Common. May-June.
Ranunculus acris L.
Meadow buttercup
Fields and meadows. Common. May-September.
Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f.
Bristly buttercup
Swamps. Frequent. July-August.
98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir.
Swanp buttercup
Along the river and streams and in swamps. Common.
July. Ranunculus hispidus Michx.
Hispid buttercup
Dry woods and thickets. Common. April-May.
Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl.
Early buttercup
In the same places as the last species but less common.
May. Thalictrum dioicum L.
Early meadow rue
In shaded stony soil. Common. April-May.
Thalictrum polygamum Muhl.
Tall meadow rue
In wet meadows and along streams. Common. July.
BERBERIDACEAE
Berberis vulgaris L.
European barberry
In vards and occasionally as an escape. May-June.
Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.
Blue cohosh
Rich woods and thickets. Frequent. May.
Podophyllum peltatum L.
Mandrake. May apple
Low woods, thickets and fence rows. Common. May.
MENISPERMACEAE
Menispermum canadense L.
Canada moonseed
Along the river banks. Frequent. June.
LAURACEAE
Sassafras sassafras (L.) Karst.
S. officinale Nees
Sassafras
Woods, thickets and fence rows. Frequent. May.
May-
April
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 99
Benzoin benzoin (L.) Coulter
Lindera benzoin Blume
Spice bush. Benjamin bush
In swamps and wet places. Frequent. April-May. The leaves
of young shoots are much larger than those of the matured
branches.
PAPAVERACEAE
Papaver somniferum L.
Garden poppy
In waste places. Occasional. Summer.
Sanguinaria canadensis L.
Bloodroot
Thickets along the river. Common. April-May.
Chelidonium majus L.
Celandine
Roadsides and waste places. Frequent. May-September.
Bicuculla cucullaria (L.) Millsp.
Dicentra cucullaria DC.
Dutchman’s breeches
Rich woods and thickets, specially along the river. Common.
April-May.
Bicuculla canadensis (Goldie) Millsp.
Dicentra canadensis DC.
Squirrel corn
In the same places as the last but much less frequent. May.
Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene
A. cirrhosa Raf.
Climbing fumitory. Alleghany vine
Moist woods and thickets. Infrequent. Tioga Center. Abund-
ant along the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad in
the narrows west of Owego. A very beautiful vine. June-October.
CRUCIFERAE
Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br.
Cow cress
Fields, waste places and along railroads. Common. May-July.
100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Lepidium virginicum L.
Wild peppergrass
Roadsides. Common. May-November.
Lepidium apetalum Willd.
Apetalous peppergrass
Roadsides in dry soil. Common. June-July.
Lepidium sativum L.
Peppergrass
Roadsides at Apalachin. Escaped from gardens. Infrequent.
June-August. Sisymbrium officinale (L..) Scop.
Hedge mustard
Waste places. Common. May-November.
Sisymbrium altissimum L.
Tall sisymbrium
Waste places, specially along railroads. Owego. Summer.
This is a bad weed of recent introduction, but it is now estab-
lished in many parts of the State.
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch
Black mustard
Fields and waste places. Common. June-November.
Brassica arvensis (l.) B. S. P.
B. sinapistrum Boiss.
Charlock. Wild nustard
Fields and waste places. Common. May-November.
Brassica campestris L.
Turnip
Occurs occasionally in waste places, but does not persist long.
ct
Summer. Brassica napus L.
Rape
This is cultivated for sheep pasture, but sometimes escapes and
persists for a short time.
Raphanus sativus L.
Garden radish
This occasionally escapes from cultivation and is spontaneous
for a year or two.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 101
Barbarea barbarea (L.) MacM.
B. vulgaris var. arcuata Gray
Yellow rocket
Fields. Common. May-June. Young plants are sometimes
used for a pot herb.
Barbarea stricta Andrz.
Eevulearis var, “stricta Gray
Erect-fruited winter cress
Fields and waste places. Frequent. May-June.
Roripa sylvestris (L.) Bess.
Nasturtium sylvestre RK. Br.
Creeping yellow water cress
Shores of the Susquehanna at Apalachin. Rare. Summer.
Roripa palustris (L.) Bess.
Nasturtium palustre DC.
Marsh water cress
Wet places, specially along the river. Common. Summer.
Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton
Nasturtium palustre var. hispidum Gray
With the last but less common. Summer.
Roripa nasturtium (L.) Rusby
Nasturtium offieinale RK. Br.
Water cress
In brooks and small streams. Frequent. May-November.
Roripa armoracia (L.) A. 8S. Hitchcock
Nasturtium armoracia Fries
Horse radish
Waste places and along streams. Common. Summer.
Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl.
Pennsylvania bitter cress
Swamps and wet places. Common. May-June.
Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) B. S. P.
C. rhomboidea DC.
Bulbous cress
Damp fields and thickets. Common. May-June.
102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dentaria laciniata Muhl.
Cut-leaved toothwort
Moist soil in rich woods, specially along the river.
Common.
May.
Dentaria diphylla Michx.
Tiwo-leaved toothwort
Rich woods and along small streams. Frequent. May.
Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton
Capsella bursa-pastoris Medic
Shepherds purse
Fields and waste places. Abundant.
March-January. Fre-
quently used as a pot herb.
Arabis lyrata L.
Lyre-leaved rock cress
Along the river at Apalachin, growing on stony banks, upturned
roots of trees and even on their trunks. Infrequent. May-August.
Arabis dentata T. & G.
Toothed rock cress
River shores. Infrequent. Barton. May-June.
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.
Hairy rock cress
Thickets in stony soil. Infrequent.
Apalachin and Campville.
May-August.
Arabis laevigata (Muhl.) Poir.
Smooth rock cress
River banks. Frequent. May.
Arabis canadensis L.
Sickle pod
Woods and thickets, specially those along the river.
Common.
June-August.
Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh.
A. perfoliata Lam.
Tower mustard
Stony soil in a thicket near Apalachin.
Infrequent. May-
August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 103
Erysimum cheiranthoides L.
Treacle mustard
Fields and along streams. Common. Summer.
Hesperis matronalis | Bp
Dames rocket. Dames violet
Fields and thickets along the river. Common. May-August.
RESEDACEAE
Reseda odorata L.
Mignonette
Roadsides and waste places. Tioga Center.
SARRACENIACEAE
Sarracenia purpurea L.
Pitcher plant
Plentiful in peat bogs in the vicinity of Barton. June.
DROSERACEAE
Drosera rotundifolia L.
Round-leaved sundew
Bogs and specially on partly decayed logs. Mutton hill pond.
Barton. July.
CRASSULACEAE
Sedum telephium L.
Live forever
In fields and along roadsides. Common. July.
Sedum acre L.
Mossy stonecrop
Occasionally escapes from cultivation. July.
Penthorum sedoides L.
Ditch stonecrop
Swamps, ditches and along streams. July-August.
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Saxifraga pennsylvanica L.
Swanp saxifrage
Swamps. Frequent. May.
104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Saxifraga virginiensis Michx.
Harly saxifrage
Stony banks of the river and in thickets. Common. April-May.
Tiarella cordifolia L.
Coolwort. alse miterwort
Rich, moist woods and shaded ravines. Common. May.
Mitella diphylla L.
Miterwort
In rich woods with the preceding. Common. May.
Chrysoplenium americanum Schwein.
Golden saxifrage. Water carpet
Wet, shaded places. Common. May.
GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes cynosbati L.
Wild gooseberry
Old fields, thickets and fence rows. Frequent. May.
Ribes rotundifolium Michx.
Round-leaved gooseberry
Rocky woods in the vicinity of Barton. Infrequent. May.
Ribes prostratum L’Her.
Fetid currant
Cold, wet places near Barton. Occasional. May.
Ribes floridanum L’Her.
Wild black currant
Woods and thickets. Rather common. May.
Ribes rubrum L.
Red currant
Sultivated for its fruit, but sometimes it escapes to roadsides.
May.
Ribes aureum Pursh
Golden currant
This also is cultivated for its fruit and its fragrant flowers, but
it occasionally escapes and grows spontaneously. May.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 105
HAMAMELIDACEAE
Hamamelis virginiana L.
Witch hazel
A common shrub in woods and thickets and along fence rows.
Autumn.
PLATANACEAE
Platanus occidentalis L.
Buttonwood. Sycamore
Along the river and streams. Common. May.
ROSACEAE
Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze
Physocarpus opulifolius Maxim
Ninebark
River banks. Common. June.
Spiraea salicifolia L.
Meadowsweet
Swamps and moist ground. Common. July.
Spiraea tomentosa L.
Hardhack. Steeple bush
Swamp east of Campville. Rare. August.
Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britton
Gillenia trifoliata Moench
Indian physic. Bowman's root
Open upland woods. Frequent. June-July.
Rubus odoratus L.
Purple-flowering raspberry
Rocky woods and ravines. Frequent.
Rubus strigosus Michx.
Wild red raspberry
Neglected fields and along roadsides and fences. Common.
June. It frequently flowers and fruits in late summer and
autumn. Rubus neglectus Pk.
Purple wild raspberry
In the same localities as the last, but infrequent. June. It
has dark red or purple fruit, long recurved stems and much re-
sembles R. occidentalis.
106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Rubus americanus (Pers.) Britton
R. triflorus Richards.
Dwarf raspberry
Swamps and low woods. Frequent. June.
Rubus nigrobaccus Bailey
R. villosus Ait.
High bush blackberry
- Woods, fields and thickets. Abundant. June. The white
fruited form occurs near Barton.
Rubus villosus frondosus Bigel.
This variety occurs with the typical form.
Rubus allegheniensis Porter
Mountain blackberry
Thickets and fields. Common. June.
Rubus hispidus L.
Running swamp blackberry
Plentiful in swamps and low grounds. June.
Rubus procumbens Muhl.
R. canadensis T.&G.
Dewberry
Fields and railroad banks. Common. This is our earliest
fruiting blackberry. May.
Dalibarda repens L.
Dalibarda. False violet
Moist woods. Infrequent. Apalachin. June-August.
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne
Strawberry
Fields and pastures. Common. May-June.
Fragaria vesca L.
ELuropean wood strawberry
Fields and roadsides. Frequent. May-June. An escape from.
cultivation. :
Fragaria americana (Porter) Britton
American wood strawberry
Rocky woods. Common. May-June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 107
Potentilla arguta Pursh
Tall cinquefoil
Along roadsides at Barton. Common. June.
Potentilla argentea L.
Silvery cinquefoil
Dry fields and roadsides. Common. June-August.
Potentilla monspeliensis L.
P. norvegica L.
Rough cinquefoil
Fields and waste places. Common. June-September.
Potentilla canadensis L.
Fivefinger
Abundant in dry fields. May-August.
Potentilla pumila Poir.
Dwarf fivefinger
Dry fields and banks. Common. April-June.
Comarium palustre L.
Potentilla palustris Scop.
Marsh cinquefoil
Plentiful about Mutton hill pond and in Marshland swamp.
June-August.
Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt.
Barren strawberry
Woods and thickets in dry or moist soil. Common. May.
Geum rivale L.
Purple avens. Water avens
Swamps and low grounds. Frequent. May-June.
Geum canadense Jacq.
G. album Gmelin
White avens
Shaded places. Common. June.
Geum virginianum L.
Rough avens
Low ground. Frequent. June.
108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Geum strictum Ait.
Yellow avens
Fields, thickets and borders of woods. Common. June.
Agrimonia hirsuta (Muhl.) Bicknell
Tall hairy agrimony
Woods and thickets. Frequent. June-August.
Agrimonia striata Michx.
Woodland agrimony
Dry woods. Common. July-September.
Rosa blanda Ait.
Sinooth rose
Rocky piaeces. Common. June.
Rosa carolina L.
Swamp rose
Swamps and low grounds. Common. Sometimes
dense thickets. June-July.
Rosa humilis Marsh.
Dwarf rose
Dry or rocky soil. Common. June.
Rosa humilis lucida (Ehrh.) Best
Re yilwerda, Hhrh.
Shining wild rose
Rocky soil. Occasional. June.
Rosa rubiginosa L.
Sweetbrier
Fields and roadsides. Occasional. June-July.
Rosa cinnamomea L.
Cinnamon rose
Roadsides in the vicinity of dwellings. |
POMACEAE
Sorbus americana Marsh.
Pyrus americana DC.
American mountain ash
Swamps. Rare. Barton. June-July.
forming
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 109
Pyrus communis L.
Choke pear
Near dwellings and occasionally in fields. . Fruit very astrin-
gent. May.
Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Pyruis. coronaria +1.
American crab apple
Scattered throughout our territory. Flowers rose-colored, frag-
rant; fruit greenish yellow, fragrant and very acid. May.
Malus malus (L.) Britton
Pyrus -maluis bk:
Apple
Woods, thickets and fence rows. Fruit sweet or sour. Fre-
quent. May.
Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Ell.
Pyrhws arbuwtrt ola. Ent:
Red chokeberry
Marshland swamp. This is the only station observed. May.
Aronia nigra (Wild.) Britton
__Pyrus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Hook.
Black chokeberry
Swamps and bogs. Common. May-June.
Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medic
Juneberry
Woods, thickets and fence rows. Common. May.
Amelanchier botryapium (L.) DC.
A ‘canadensis var oblomettiolia TD. '& G.
Shad bush
Woods and thickets. Common. May.
Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) DC.
Low Juneberry
Rocky banks. Infrequent. Barton and Apalachin. A shrub
2 to 3 feet high, which fruits very abundantly.
110 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Crataegus crus-galli L.
Cockspur thorn
Woods and thickets. Frequent. May.
Crataegus punctata Jacq.
Large-fruited thorn
Thickets and fields. Common. May.
Crataegus oxyacantha L.
Hawthorn
Yards and their borders. Frequent. May.
Crataegus coccinea L.
Scarlet thorn
Woods, thickets and pastures. Common. May.
Crataegus macracantha Lodd.
Cs coceinea var, macracantha Dudley
Long-spined thorn
Woods at Apalachin. Occasional. May.
Crataegus tomentosa L.
Pear thorn
Roadsides near Barton. Rare. It flowers later than our other
species of thorns. June.
Prunus americana Marsh.
Wild red plum
Along streams and in moist woods, often forming thickets.
Frequent. May. :
Prunus cerasus L.
Sour cherry
Escaped from cultivation to roadsides and thickets. May.
Prunus avium L.
Sweet cherry
Escaped from cultivation to roadsides. May.
Prunus pennsylvanica L.f.
Wild red cherry. Pin cherry
In thickets and along fences. Common. May-June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 111
Prunus virginiana L.
Choke cherry
Fence rows, roadsides, banks of the river and along streams.
Common. Fruit dark red or almost black, astringent. May.
Prunus serotina Ehrh.
Wild black cherry
. Along fence rows and in woods and clearings. Sometimes grow-
ing to a large size. May.
Amygdalus persica L.
Prunus persica L.
Peach
Roadsides and neglected fields. April-May.
CAESALPINACEAE
Cassia nictitans L.
Sensitive pea
River shore west of Campville. August.
Gleditsia triacanthos L.
Honey locust
Abundant in hedges on the river flats at Campville. May-June.
PAPILIONACEAE
Lupinus perennis L.
Wild lupine
Banks, specially along railroads. Abundant in some places.
May-June.
Medicago sativa L.
Alfalfa. Lucerne
In fields and aiong railroads. Frequent. Summer.
Medicago lupulina L.
Black medic. Nonesuch
Fields, waste places and specially along railroads. May-No-
vember.
Melilotus alba Desv.
White sweet clover
Waste places and along railroads. Common. June-October.
a2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
Yellow sweet clover
Waste places. Infrequent. Apalachin and Campville. Summer.
Trifolium agrarium L.
Yeliow clover. Hop clover
Fields and roadsides. Frequent. May-September.
Trifolium procumbens L.
Low hop clover
Fields in the vicinity of Campville. Infrequent. May-Sep-
tember.
Trifolium incarnatum L.
Crimson clover
Meadows. Frequent. A beautiful species with conspicuous,
bright crimson flowers. Often cultivated. Summer.
Trifolium arvense L.
Rabbit foot. Stone clover
Along roadsides at Apalachin and Barton. Common. Summer.
Trifolium pratense L.
ved clover
Fields and meadows. Abundant. May-October.
Trifolium hybridum L.
Alsike cloves
Grass lands. Common. June-October.
Trifolium repens L.
White clover
Fields, open and waste places. Very common. May-December.
Robinia pseudacacia L.
Locust tree
Naturalized along the banks of the Susquehanna and often
forming almost impenetrable thickets. June.
Robinia viscosa Vent.
Clammy locust
Roadside near Waverly. June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 1138
Meibomia nudiflora (L.) Kuntze
Desmodium nudiflorum DC.
Naked-flowered tick trefoil
Dry woods and thickets. Common. July-August.
Meibomia grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze
Desmodium acuminatum DC.
Pointed-leaved tick trefoil
Woods. Common. Summer.
Meibomia michauxii Vail
Prostrate tick trefoil
Dry woods in various places near Campville. July-September.
Meibomia paniculata (L.) Kuntze
Desmodium paniculatum DC.
Panicled tick trefoil
Dry soil in coppices. Common. July-September.
Meibomia dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze
Desmodium dillenii Darl.
Dillen’s tick trefoil
Dry woods and fields. Common. Summer.
Meibomia canadensis (L..) Kuntze
Desmodium canadense DEC.
Showy tick trefoil
Abundant along the river shores and railroad embankments.
July-September.
Meibomia marylandica (L.) Kuntze
Desmodium marylandicum Boott.
Smooth, small-leaved tick trefoil
Dry soil. Frequent. July-September.
Lespedeza procumbens Michx.
Trailing bush clover
Dry soil at the base of a hill near Apalachin. The only station.
August-September.
Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.
Bush clover
Dry banks of the river at Apalachin and Barton. Infrequent.
August-September.
114 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Britton
L. Stuver yarrrinter media” Wats.
Wandlike bush clover
Dry open coppices along the river. August-September.
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Ell.
L. polystachya Michx.
Hairy bush clover
Dry thickets. Common. August-October.
Lespedeza capitata Michx.
Round-headed bush clover —
Dry banks in the river valley. Abundant. August-September.
Vicia cracca L.
Tufted vetch
Along roadsides and in dry fields. Frequent. May-August.
Vicia americana Muhl.
American vetch
Damp soil along the river. Common. May-August.
Vicia caroliniana Walt.
Carolina vetch
River valley. Common. May-July.
Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.
Cream-colored vetchling
Infrequent at Apaiachin but common in the western part of
our range. May-July.
Falcata comosa (L.) Kuntze
Amphicarpa mono ica Nutt.
Wild peanut
Moist thickets. Common. August-September.
Apios apios (L.) MacM.
A. tuberosa Moench
Ground nut
Damp grounds, specially along the river. Common. July-
September.
i
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 115
GERANIACEAE
Geranium maculatum L.
Spotted crane’s-bill. Alwm root
Woods, thickets and moist meadows. Common. May-July.
Geranium robertianum L.
Herb robert. Red robin
Rocky woods. Infrequent. May-September.
Geranium carolinianum L.
Carolina cranesbill
River valley. Frequent. May-August.
Geranium bicknellii Britton
BicknelV’s cranesbill
With the last but more common. May-September.
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis acetosella L.
: White wood sorrel
Cold, damp woods, specially under hemlocks. It bears cleis-
togamous flowers and yields the so called “ salt of lemons.” Com-
mon. June-July.
Oxalis violacea L.
Violet wood sorrel
Open woods at Campville and in alluvial soil along Apalachin
creek and along the river at Apalachin. May-June.
Oxalis stricta L.
O. corniculata var. stricta Sav.
Yellow wood sorrel
Woods and fields. Common. May-October.
Oxalis cymosa Small
Tall yellow wood sorrel
Woods, cultivated and waste ground. Frequent. May-October.
LINACEAE
Linum usitatissimum L.
Flax
Along railroads. Frequent. Summer.
Linum virginianum L.
Wild yellow flax
In an old field near Campville. The only station. June.
116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
RUTACEAE
Xanthoxylum americanum Mill.
Prickly ash
Roadsides at Apalachin and Barton. May.
SIMARUBACEAE
Ailanthus glandulosus Desf.
Tree of heaven
Introduced from China. Escaped from cultivation at Barton.
It spreads freely both by seeds and suckers.
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala verticillata L.
Whorled milkwort
Fields and roadsides in dry soil. Common. June-November.
Polygala viridescens L.
P. sanguinea L.
Purple milkwort
Hilltops near Apalachin. Infrequent. June-September.
Polygala senega L.
Seneca snakeroot
Apalachin, Owego and Barton. Infrequent. June.
Polygala paucifolia Willd.
Flowering wintergreen. I'ringed milkwort
Open woods and thickets. Common. May-June.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha virginica I.
Thiee-seeded mercury
A weed plentiful in fields. June-October.
Euphorbia maculata L.
Spotted spurge. Milk purstane
Dry, gravelly soil, specially along railroads. Very common.
June-October.
Euphorbia nutans Lag.
EE. preslii Guss.
Large spotted spurgé
With the last but less common. May-October.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 ET
Euphorbia corollata L.
Flowering spurge
Waste places. Occasional. May-September.
Euphorbia lucida W. & R.
EK. nicaeensis All.
Nicaean spurge
About villages throughout the river valley. June-July.
Euphorbia cyparissias L.
Cypress spurge
Roadsides and waste places. Common. Abundant in old
cemeteries. May-September.
CALLITRICHACEAE
Callitriche palustris L.
Cyeve rivals
Vernal water starwort
Slow streams. Océasional. July.
ANACARDIACEAE
Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw.
Leh sg ie al BB
Staghorn sumac
Dry or rocky soil. Common. June.
Rhus glabra L.
Smooth sumac
Dry soil. Common. June.
Rhus vernix L.
R. venenata DC.
Poison sumac
Swamps and their borders. Frequent. Plentiful about Mut-
ton hill pond. June.
Rhus radicans L.
R. toxreodendron EL:
Poison wy
Damp thickets, along fences and river banks. Common. June.
118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ILICACEAE
Tlex verticillata (L.) Gray
Black alder. Winter berry
Swamps. Common. <A shrub rendered conspicuous in late
autumn and winter by its bright red berries.
Tlicioides mucronata (L.) Britton
Nemopanthes fasicularis Raf.
Mountain holly
Swamps and bogs. Frequent. May.
CELASTRACEAE
Euonymus europaeus L.
Spindle tree
Escaped from cultivation. Infrequent. Apalachin. June.
Celastrus scandens L.
Climbing bittersweet
Rich soil along fences and streams. An attractive plant when
in fruit. Frequent. June.
STAPHYLEACEAE
Staphylea trifolia L.
American bladder nut
Abundant along the south bank of the river at Barton. For-
merly found at Apalachin. May.
ACERACEAE
Acer saccharinum L.
A. dasycarpum Ehbrh.
Silver maple
Along banks of streams. The principal tree along the banks of
the river. Common. March-April.
Acer rubrum L.
Soft maple. Red maple
Wet or dry soil. Common. March-April.
Acer saccharum Marsh.
A. saccharinum Wang.
Hard maple. Sugar maple. . Rock maple
Woods and fields. Common. April-May. This is often
planted as a shade tree. Its sap is the main source of maple
sugar.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 119
Acer nigrum Michx.
A. saccharingom var. nigrum T. & -G.
Black sugar maple
Less common than the preceding species, which it closely re-
sembles, but from which it may easily be distinguished by the
bark and leaves. The sap is rich in sugar. April-May.
Acer pennsylvanicum L.
Striped maple. Moosewood
Rocky woods and ravines. Common. June.
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain maple
Along streams, in glens and ravines. Common. June.
HIPPOCASTANACEAE
Aesculus hippocastanum L.
Horse-chestnut
Cultivated as a shade tree, and occasionally escapes from cul-
tivation. June.
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens biflora Walt.
2 aly a NG:
Spotted touch-me-not
Damp, shaded places. Common. July-September.
Impatiens aurea Muhl.
I palin dar Nutt.
Pale touch-me-not
With the last but more abundant along the river. July-Sep-
tember. The mature capsules of both species burst at the slight-
est touch and expel the seeds with much force; hence the name
“touch-me-not.”
RHAMNACEAE
Rhamunus cathartica L.
Buckthorn
Planted for hedges, but it occasionally escapes to fields and
fence rows. June.
Rhamunus alnifolia L’Her.
Alder-leaved buckthorn
Swamps north of Barton. Infrequent. June.
120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Ceanothus americanus L.
New Jersey tea. Redroot
Dry, open woods and neglected fields. Abundant. June. The
leaves are said to have been used as a substitute for tea by the
American troops during the Revolutionary War.
VITACEAE
Vitis aestivalis Michx.
Summer grape
Fence rows and along the river banks. Common. June, The
fruit ripens early in autumn.
Vitis vulpina L.
Sweet-scented grape
Banks of the river. Frequent. May-June. Fruit ripe in Au-
gust and September.
Vitis cordifolia Michx.
Frost grape. Ohicken grape
Thickets and banks of streams. Common. May-June. Fruit
ripe in October and November.
-Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.
Ampelopsis quinquefolia Michx.
Virginia creeper. American wy
Woods, thickets and fence rows. Common. July.
TILIACEAE
Tilia americana L.
Basswood. American linden
Rich soil. Common. June-July.
MALVACEAE
Malva sylvestris L.
High mallow
Waste places and along roadsides. Infrequent. Summer.
Malva rotundifolia L.
Low mallovw;. Cheeses
Gardens and waste places. Abundant. May-November.
Malva moschata L.
Musk mallow
Meadows and roadsides. Frequent. Summer.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 121
Abutilon abutilon (L.) Rusby
A. avicennae. Gaertn.
Velvet leaf. Indian mallow
Gardens and waste places. Common. August-October.
Hibiscus trionum L.
llower-of-an-hour
Waste places at Barton. Adventive from Europe. August-
September.
HY PERICACEAE
Hypericum ascyron L.
Great St John’s wort
Banks of the river. Common. July.
Hypericum ellipticum Hook.
Pale St Johws wort
Swamps and banks of streams. Common. July-August.
Hypericum perforatum L.
Common St John’s wort
Abundant in fields and waste places. June-September.
Hypericum maculatum Walt.
Corymbed St John’s wort
Fields, roadsides and open woods. Common. July-September.
Hypericum mutilum L.
Dwarf St John’s wort
Common in damp, sterile soil. July-August.
Hypericum canadense L.
Canadian St John’s wort
Wet sandy soil. Frequent. July-September.
Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf.
Elodes campanulata Pursh
Marsh St John’s wort
Swamps and along streams. Common. July-September.
CISTACEAE
Helianthemum canadense (LL.) Michx.
Frostweed
Plentiful along both banks of the river at Apalachin. May-
July.
122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
VIOLACEAE
Viola palmata L.
Early blue violet
Dry, open thickets, specially along roadsides. Frequent. May.
The leaves of this species are very variable, and some forms of the
plant closely resemble V. atlantica Britton.
Viola obliqua Hill
V. palmata var. cucullata Gray
Hooded violet
Damp woods, meadows and swamps. May-June.
Viola papilionacea Pursh
Common blue violet
About dwellings and in grass lands. Our most common spe-
cies. May-June.
Viola domestica Bicknell
Yard violet
Yards and cultivated ground. Frequent. April-May. Some-
times considered a variety of the preceding species.
Viola cucullata Ait.
Marsh blue violet
Near the mouth of Apalachin creek. Infrequent. May-June.
Viola villosa Walt.
Southern wood violet
Dry, shaded soil. The “hogback” near Apalachin, the only
station for it in our range. Its leaves are closely pressed to the
eround, and it much resembles the false violet, Dalibarda
repens. April-May.
Viola sororia Willd.
Woolly blue violet
Fields and roadsides. Common. Plentiful along the Mutton
hill road. May-June.
Viola sagittata Ait.
Arrow-leaved violet
Meadows near Apalachin. Rare. May.
Viola ovata Nutt.
Ovate-leaved violet
Fields and roadsides in dry soil. Common. April-May.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 123
Viola rotundifolia Michx.
Round-leaved violet
Cold, damp woods. Frequent. April-May. Its leaves are
small at flowering time, but they are 3-5 inches broad in summer
and appressed to the ground.
Viola blanda Willd.
Sweet white violet
Swamps, wet woods and along streams. Common. April-May.
Viola blanda amoena (Le Conte) B. S. P.
V. blanda var. palustriformis Gray
Wet woods. Not common.
Viola pubescens Ait.
Hairy yellow violet
Woods in dry soil. Common. May.
Viola scabriuscula (T. & G.) Schwein.
Vo prpescens iar. scabriuscwla FT: & . G.
Smooth yellow violet
Damp woods and thickets along the river. Common. April-
May. .
Viola canadensis L.
Canada violet
Woods. Infrequent. May-July.
Viola striata Ait.
Pale violet. Striped violet
Low woods and thickets in the river valley. Very common.
May.
Viola labradorica Schrank.
V. canina var. muhlenbergii Gray
Dog violet
Moist woods and fields. Our most abundant caulescent violet.
April-May.
Viola rostrata Pursh
Long-spurred violet
Moist, rocky places. Scarce. June.
124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
THYMELEACEAE
Dirca palustris L.
Moosewood
Cold, damp woods, specially along mountain streams. Infre-
quent. April-May.
ONAGRACEAE
Isnardia palustris L.
Ludwigia palustris. Ell.
Marsh purslane
Swamps and muddy places along brooks. Common. June-
October. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.
Epilobium angustifolium L.
Great willow herb. Fireweed
Wet or dry soil. Often abundant in woodlands recently over-
run by fire. June-August.
Epilobium lineare Muhl.
Linear-leaved willow-herb
Swamps. Common. July-August.
Epilobium coloratum Muhl.
Purple-leaved willow-herb
Low grounds. Infrequent. July-September.
Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk.
Northern willow-herb
Moist ground. ©ommon. July-September.
Onagra biennis (L.) Scop.
Oenothera biennis L.
Hvening primrose
Roadsides and fields. Common. June-September.
Kneiffia pumila (L.) Spach
Oenothera pumila L.
Small sundrops
Fields in wet or dry soil. Common. June-July.
Kneiffia fruticosa (L.) Raimann
Oenothera fruticosa L.
Common sundrops
Dry soil. Frequent. June-July.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 125
Gaura biennis L.
Biennial gaura
Meadows and pastures along the river. July-August.
Circaea lutetiana L.
Enchanter’s nightshade
Rich, moist woods. Common. June-July.
Circaea alpina L.
Smaller enchanter’s nightshade
Cold, moist woods. July-August. This plant seems to prefer
the sites of old logs.
HALORAGIDACEAE
Myriophyllum spicatum L.
Spiked water milfoil
Susquehanna river in deep water. Infrequent. Summer.
ARALIACEAE
Aralia nudicaulis L.
Wild sarsaparilla
Woods and thickets. Common. May-June.
Aralia racemosa L.
Spikenard
Damp, shaded places. Frequent. July.
Aralia hispida Vent.
Bristly sarsaparilla. Dwarf elder
Swamps and openings on dry hemlock knolls: Infrequent.
June.
Panax quinquefolium L.
APR “Quire quietOlian Oo & P.
Ginseng
Rich woods. Rare. July. Formerly more common but now
fast disappearing, because of the high price paid for its roots.
Panax trifolium L.
Ara@lia trifelia DD: & P.
Ground nut
Moist woods and thickets. Common. May.
126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
UMBELLIFERAE
Daucus carota L.
Wild carrot
Fields and roadsides. Very common. June-September.
Angelica atropurpurea L.
Purple-stemmed angelica
Along streams. Common. June-July.
Angelica villosa (Walt.) B.S. P.
A. hirsuta Muhl.
Hairy angelica
Dry, open woods. Common. July.
Heracleum lanatum Michx.
Cow parsnip
Low ground along the river and its branches. Common. June.
Pastinaca sativa L.
Wild parsnip
Roadsides and waste places. Common. Summer.
Thaspium trifoliatum aureum (Nutt.) Britton
aureum Nutt.
Golden alexanders
Woods, thickets and meadows. Common. June.
Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt.
Meadow parsnip
Alluvial soil. Frequent. May-June.
Sanicula marylandica L.
Sanicle. Black snakeroot
Rich woods. Common. May-June.
Pimpinella integerrima (L.) Gray
Yellow pimpernel
Rocky soil. Common. May.
Washingtonia claytoni (Michx.) Britton
Osmorrhiza brevistylis DC.
Hairy sweet cicely
Woods. Common. May-June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 127
Washingtonia longistylis (Torr.) Britton
Osmorrhiza longistylis DC.
Smooth sweet cicely
Woods and shaded places in fields and by roadsides. Common.
May-June.
Conium maculatum L.
Poison hemlock
Waste places. Frequent. June. The root is very poisonous.
Sium cicutaefolium Gmel.
Water parsnip
Swamps. Common. July-September.
Zizia aurea (L.) Koch
Golden meadow parsnip
Fields and meadows. Common. May.
Zizia cordata (Walt.) DC.
Heart-leaved alexanders
Open woods and thickets. Frequent. May.
Carum carui L.
Caraway
Dooryards and waste places. Common. May-June.
Cicuta maculata L.
Water hemlock. Musquash root
Swamps. Common. , June-July.
Cicuta bulbifera L.
Bulb-bearing water hemlock
Swamps, ponds and along streams. Frequent. Plentiful about
Mutton hill pond. July-August.
Deringa canadensis (L.) Kuntze
Cryptotaenia canadensis DC.
Honewort
Woods. Common. June.
Hydrocotyle americana L.
Marsh pennywort
Wet, shaded places. Common. June-September.
128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
CORNACEAE
Cornus canadensis L.
Dwarf cornel. Bunchberry
Low woods and damp, shaded places. Abundant. May-June.
Cornus florida L.
Flowering dogwood
Upland woods. Common. April-May. This shrub or small
tree is conspicuous in early spring by reason of its large, white,
bracted flowers and again in autumn by its bright red leaves. Its
wood is hard and used in the manufacture of toys.
Cornus circinata L’Her.
Round-leaved cornel
Thickets. Frequent. June.
Cornus amomum Mill.
Cig eGie PAC Cio lu:
Silky cornel. Kinnikinick
Low woods, borders of swamps and along streams. June.
Cornus stolonifera Michx.
Red osier
Borders of swamps. Common. June.
Cornus candidissima Marsh.
C. paniculata. L’Her.
Panicled cornel +
Thickets and fence rows. Common. June.
Cornus alternifolia L. f.
Aiternate-leaved cornel
Open woods. Common. June.
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.
Pepperidge. Sour gum
Moist soil, specially along the borders of swamps. Frequent.
May. This trée is conspicuous in autumn by its bright crimson
leaves. Its wood is soft but hard to split, and at an early day
was much used for ox yokes.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
PYROLACEAE
Pyrola rotundifolia L.
Round-leaved wintergreen
Rich woods. Common. July.
Pyrola chlorantha Sw.
Greenish-flowered wintergreen
Pyrola elliptica Nutt.
: Shin leaf
Rich woods. Common. July.
Pyrola secunda L.
One-sided wintergreen
Woods and thickets. Common. July.
Chimaphila maculata L.
Spotted wintergreen
Dry woods west of Barton. Rare. June-July.
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt.
Prince’s pine. Pipsissewa
Dry, rich woods. Common. June-July.
MONOTROPACEAE
Monotropa uniflora L.
Indian pipe
Moist, rich woods. Frequent. July.
ERICACEAE
Azalea nudiflora L.
Rhododendron nudiflorum Torr.
Azalea. Mayjlower
Woods and thickets. Common. May.
Azalea canescens Michx.
Mountain azalea
Brush lots and borders of swamps. Common.
Kalmia latifolia lL.
Mountain leurel
Rocky woods, specially on the sides of rocky ravines.
Campville, in the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western narrows
near Owego, and on Watch hill. June.
129
Near
130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Kalmia glauca Ait.
Pale laurel
Bogs north of Barton. Rare. June.
Andromeda polifolia L.
Wild rosemary. Moorwort
Bogs north of Barton. Infrequent. May.
Xolisma ligustrina (L.) Britton
Andromeda ligustrina Muhl.
Andromeda
Wet or dry soil but more frequently in swamps. Common.
June.
Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench
Cassandra calyeulata Don
Leather leaf
Bogs and swamps, where it forms low, dense thickets. Abund-
ant. May.
Epigaea repens L.
Trailing arbutus. Mayflower
Woods and bushy fields, preferring damp situations. April-
May.
Gaultheria procumbens L.
Wintergreen
Woods and thickets in soil wet or dry. Common. June-July.
VACCINIACEAE
Gaylussacia resinosa (Ait.) T. & G.
Black huckleberry
Woods and thickets, preferring rocky soil. Common. May.
Vaccinium corymbosum L.
Swamp blueberry
Swamps and their borders. Common. May.
Vaccinium atrococcum (Gray) Heller
V. corymbosum var. atrococcum Gray
Black blueberry
Swamps. Frequent. May.
i ih
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 Lot
Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Lam.
Dwarf blueberry
Dry, rocky or sandy soil. Common. May.
Vaccinium nigrum (Wood) Britton
V. pennsylvanicum var. nigrum Wood
Low black blueberry
| Dry, rocky soil. Frequent. May.
Vaccinium vacillans Kalm
Low blueberry
Dry soil. Common. Mav.
Vaccinium stamineum L.
Deerberry
Dry thickets, specially on hillsides. Common. May. The
~
Canada blueberry, V. canadense, which is common in nearly
all elevated swamps, is apparently wanting in our limits.
Chiogenes hispidula (L.) T. & G.
C. serpyllifolia Salisb.
Creeping snowberry
Bogs and cold wet woods north of Barton. May. This plant
has the odor and flavor of birch. Its fruit is white.
Oxycoccus oxycoccus (L.) MacM.
Vaecinium -oxycoccus. Lb.
Small cranberry
Bogs north of Barton. June.
Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pers.
Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.
Large cranberry
Mutton hill pond and bogs near Barton. June. More common
than the preceding species.
PRIMULACEAE
Lysimachia quadrifolia L.
Whorled loosestrife
Thickets and neglected fields. Common. June-July.
Mas NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B. S. P.
Li Site ta, Amt:
Bulb-bearing loosestrife
Swamps, moist thickets and the river shores. Common. July-
September.
Lysimachia nummularia L.
Moneywort
Lawns and roadsides near houses. Common. June-August.
Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf.
ringed loosestrife
Moist thickets. Comimon. June-July.
Naumbergia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby
Lysimachia, thyrsiftilora —:
Tufted loosestrife
Swamps north of Barton. Infrequent. May-June.
Trientalis americana Pursh
Star flower
Damp woods. Common. May.
OLEACEAE
Syringa vulgaris L.
Lilac
Roadsides, specially near deserted dwellings, occasionally in
fields. Common. May.
Fraxinus americana L.
White ash
Common in rich woods. Mav.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.
F. pubescens Lam.
Red ash
Moist soil. Frequent. May.
Fraxinus nigra Marsh.
EY sambweitoliayLam.
; Black ash
Swamps. Common. Mav.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 133
Ligustrum vulgare L.
Privet
Escaped from cultivation to roadsides in the vicinity of Barton.
July.
GENTIANACEAE
Gentiana crinita Froel.
Fringed gentian
Plentiful in a moist field near Apalachin. This is its only
known station in our limits. Autumn.
Gentiana quinquefolia L.
G. quinqueflora Lam.
Stiff gentian. Ague weed
Neglected fields. Common. September.
-
Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.
Closed gentian
Moist soil, specially along streams. Frequent. August-Sep-
tember.
MENYANTHACEAE
Menyanthes trifoliata L.
Buck bean. Bog bean
Bogs. Mutton hill pond. Infrequent. May-June.
APOCYNACEAE
Vinca minor L.
Myrtle. Periwinkle
Dooryards and specially abundant about old graveyards. May.
Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Spreading dogbane
Fields, thickets and fence rows. Common. July.
Apocynum cannabinum L.
Indian hemp
Abundant on gravelly shores of the river. July-August.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias tuberosa L.
Butterfly weed. Pleurisy root
Dry fields and along railroads. Frequent. August. Abun-
dant along the Erie railroad east of Campville.
134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Asclepias incarnata L.
Swamp milkweed
Swamps and wet places. Common. July-August.
Asclepias exaltata (L.) Muhl.
A. phytolaccoides Pursh
Tall milkweed
Open woodlands. Common. July.
Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq.
Four-leaved milkweed
Woods and thickets. Common. June-July.
Asclepias syriaca L.
Ach e070 t in ee:
Common milkweed. Silkweed
Fields and waste places. Very common. July.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth
Morning-glory
Waste places. Frequent. Escapes from cultivation.
Convolvulus sepium L.
Hedge bindweed
Thickets and fields. Abundant on the river flats. Common.
Summer.
Convolvulus spithamaeus L.
Upright bindweed
Rocky banks. Common. June.
Convolvulus arvensis L.
Ficld bindweed
Along the railroad at Apalachin. Rare. July-August.
CUSCUTACEAE
Cuscuta coryli Engelm.
Cc. inflexa Engelm.
Hazel dodder
River flats at Campville. Rare. August. It grows on hazel
bushes.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 135
Cuscuta gronovii Willd.
Dodder. Love vine
Damp, shaded grounds, parasitic on herbs and low shrubs.
Very common. August.
POLEMONIACEAE
Phlox paniculata L.
Garden phlox
Cultivated for its flowers, but it frequently escapes from
gardens. July.
Phlox maculata L.
Wild sweet william
Cultivated for its flowers, but it occasionally escapes from
gardens. June-July.
Phlox divaricata L.
Wild blue phlox
Moist woods along streams, specially along Apalachin creek.
Common. May.
Phlox subulata L.
Ground pink. Moss pink
Common on hillsides from Smithboro to the western limit of
our range. April-May.
. Polemonium reptans L.
Greek valerian. Jacob’s ladder
Low woods along the river at Barton. Scarce in the eastern
part of our range. May.
HYDROPHYLLACEAE
Hydrophyllum virginicum L.
Virginia waterleaf
Woods and shady places. Common. June.
Hydrophyllum canadense L.
Broad-leaved waterleaf
Plentiful in bottom woods near Barton but not observed else-
where in our limits.
BORAGINACEAE
Cynoglossum officinale L.
Hound’s-tongue
Fields and waste places. Frequent. June-July.
136 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Cynoglossum virginicum L.
Wild comfrey
Open woods. Infrequent. May.
Lappula virginiana (L.) Greene
Echinospermum virginicum Lehm.
Beggar’s lice. Virginia stickseed
Woods and thickets. Common. Summer.
Mertensia virginica (L.) DC.
Lungwort
Banks of the river and along streams.
places: May.
Abundant in some
Myosotis palustris (L.) Lam.
Forget-me-not
Occasionally escapes from cultivation. May-June.
Myosotis laxa Lehm.
Small forget-ine-not
Streams and muddy places. Common. June-July.
Lithospermum arvense L.
Corn gronvwell
Along railroads. Barton and Campville.
July.
Symphytum officinale L.
Comfrey
Infrequent. June-
Fields and waste places. Occasional. June.
Lycopsis arvensis L.
Small bugloss
Near Tioga Center. Kare. June-August.
Echium vulgare L.
Blueweed. Viper’s bugloss
Along railroads and in waste places at Owego. Common. July.
VERBENACEAE
Verbena urticifolia L.
White vervain
Fields, woods and waste places. Common.
July-August.
ae
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 137
Verbena hastata L.
Blue vervain
Fields and waste places, specially along streams. Common.
July-August.
LABIATAE
Teucrium canadense L.
Wood sage. Gerimander
Common on the river flats. July-August.
Trichostema dichotomum L.
Blue curls
Plentiful on the river flats opposite Apalachin. August-Sep-
tember.
Scutellaria lateriflora L.
Mad-dog skullcap
Swamps and wet places. Common. August.
Scutellaria galericulata L.
Marsh skullcap ;
Marshes, borders of ponds and along streams. Common. July-
August.
Agastache scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Kuntze
Lophanthus scrophulariaefolius Benth.
Giant hyssop
Thickets along the river banks. Infrequent. August-September.
Nepeta cataria L.
Catnip. Catmint
Waste places. Common. July-November.
Glecoma hederacea L.
Nepeta glechoma Benth.
Ground ivy. Gill-over-the-ground
Woods, thickets, swamps and waste places. Common. April-
May.
Prunella vulgaris L.
Brunella vulsaris L.
Self-heal. Heat-all
Fields, woods and pastures. Very common. June-October.
138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Galeopsis tetrahit L.
Hemp nettle
Waste places. Common. July-August.
Leonurus cardiaca L.
Motherwort
Waste places about dwellings. Common. J uly-August.
Lamium amplexicaule L.
Henbit. Dead nettle
Thickets, waste places and cultivated ground.
Infrequent.
Apalachin and Barton. May-September.
Lamium maculatum L.
Spotted dead nettle
toadsides at Barton. June-September.
Stachys aspera Michx.
Rough hedge nettle
Low grounds. Not common. July-August.
Monarda didyma L.
Oswego tea. American bee bain
Moist soil, specially along the river and creeks. Common.
July-August.
Monarda clinopodia L.
Basil balin
Plentiful on the Marshland farm, in thickets along the river and
in Mutton hill pond woods. July.
Monarda fistulosa L.
Wild bergamot
Dry soil in neglected fields. Cominon. July-August.
Monarda media Willd.
Mfistwlosd vars rue a, Gray.
Purple bergamot
Moist thickets at Barton. Rare. June-August.
Blephilia ciliata (L.) Raf.
Downy blephilia
Thickets near Apalachin. Rare. July-August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 139
Hedeoma pulegioides (I..) Pers.
American pennyroyal
Dry fields, specially on hills. Abundant. August.
Clinopodium vulgare L.
Calamintha clinopodium Benth.
Wild basil
Woods, fields and thickets. Common. Summer.
Koellia flexuosa (Walt.) MacM.
Pycnanthe mum linifolium Pursh
Narrow-leaved mountain mint
_ Fields near Campville. August.
Koellia virginiana (L.) MacM.
Pycnanthemum lanceolatum Pursh
Virginia mountain mint
Fields near Campyille and Barton. August.
Koellia incana (L.) Kuntze
Pyenanthemum incanum Michx.
Hoary mountain mint
Thickets and dry hillsides. More common than the two pre-
ceding species. September-October.
Thymus serpyllum L.
Creeping thyme
Oid graveyards. Naturalized. Summer.
Lycopus virginicus L.
Bugleweed
Wet soil. Common. August.
Lycopus americanus Muhl.
Leave nwa 0s
Cul-leaved water hoarhound
Pamp grounds. Common. July-September.
Mentha spicata L.
Miewirid ts AB:
Spearniint
Wet ground and along: streams. Common. August.
140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Mentha piperita L.
Peppermint
Wet soil and along sireams. Common. August.
Mentha citrata Ehrh.
Bergamot mint
Roadsides. Occasional. August.
Mentha canadensis L.
American wild mint —
Low ground. Common. August-September.
D> D
Collinsonia canadensis L.
Horse balm. Richweed. Stoneroot
Moist woods and thickets. Common. August. Its flowers
have an odor like that of lemons.
SOLANACEAE
Physalodes physalodes (l.) Britton
Nicandra physalodes Gaertn.
Apple of Peru
Waste places, specially about gardens. August-September.
Physalis philadelphica Lam.
Philadelphia ground cherry
Waste places at Apalachin. Rare. August.
Physalis heterophylla Nees
Pood Nala a ea:
Clammy ground cherry
Cultivated grounds and along railroads. Common. August-
September.
Solanum nigrum L.
Black nightshade
Waste ground at Barton. Rare. August-September.
Solanum carolinense L.
Horse nettle
Plentiful in cultivated fields near Apalachin. June-September.
Solanum dulcamara L.
Nightshade. Bittersweet
Waste places, along streams and in swamps, often growing in
water. Common. June-September.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 141
Lycium vulgare (Ait.) Dunal
Matrimony vine
About old, deserted dwellings. Frequent. June-August.
Datura stramonium L.
Thorn apple. Jimson weed
Waste grounds. Infrequent. August.
SCROPHULARIACEA
Verbascum thapsus L.
Great mullen
Dry soil in fields. Common. July.
‘Verbascum blattaria L.
Moth mullen
Pastures, fields and waysides. Frequent. July-October.
Cymbalaria cymbalaria (L.) Wettst.
Linaria cymbalaria Mill.
Kenilworth ivy
Introduced from Europe but well established at Owego and
growing on stone abutments facing the river. June-August.
Linaria linaria (L.) Karst.
L. vulgaris Mill.
Yellow toadflax. Butter and eggs
Fields and waste places. Abundant. June-October. <A: trouble-
some weed.
Scrophularia marylandica L.
S. nodosa var. marylandica Gray
Figwort
Iields, thickets and roadsides. Frequent. August.
Scrophularia leporella Bickn.
Hare figwort
With the preceding species but more common. Abundant along
the river. June-July.
Chelone glabra L.
Snakehead. Balnony
Swamps and along streams. Common. August-September.
142 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Pentstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd.
P. pubescens Soland.
Hairy beard-tongue
Roadsides and banks in dry soil. Common. June.
Pentstemon digitalis (Sweet) Nutt.
P. laevigatus var. digitalis. Gray
Foxglove beard-tongue
In a meadow at Apalachin. Rare. June.
Mimulus ringens L.
Monkey flower
Wet soil, specially along streams. Common. July-September.
Gratiola virginiana I..
Clammy hedge hyssop
Muddy places. Common. June-September.
Ilysanthes gratioloides (L.) Benth.
1 rirparia. Rat.
False pimpernel
Wet soil on the shores of streams and ponds. Common.
August.
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.
V. anagallis L.
Water speedwell
Plentiful in a ditch opposite Apalachin. June-August.
Veronica americana Schwein.
American brooklime
Swamps, ditches and brooks. Common. May-August.
Veronica scutellata L.
Marsh speedwell
Swamps. Common. May-September.
Veronica officinalis L.
Common speedwell
Dry soil in fields and woods. Common. June-August.
Veronica serpyllifolia L.
Thyme-leaved speedwell
Fields and thickets. Very common. May-July.
KEPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 143
Veronica peregrina L.
Purslane speedwell
An abundant weed in cultivated ground. June-September.
Veronica arvensis L.
Corn speedwell
Woods, fields and cultivated ground. Common. May-August.
Veronica byzantina (S. & 8S.) B.S. P.
V. buxbaumii Tenore
Byzantine speedwell
Waste places and gardens. Krequent. May-September.
Veronica spicata L.
Spiked speedwell
Established in meadow lands near Apalachin. August.
Leptandra virginica (l.) Nutt.
Ve Oc Gig V1 & one as ls:
Culver’s root
River flats. Common. June-August.
Dasystoma pedicularia (L.) Benth.
Gerardia pedicularia L.
Fern-leaved false forglove
Dry soil in woods and thickets. Frequent. August.
Dasystoma flava (L.) Wood
Gerardia flava L.
Downy false foxglove
Dry, open woods and thickets. Common. July-August.
Dasystoma virginica (L.) Britton
Gerardia quercifolia Pursh
Smooth false foxglove
Dry soil in woods and thickets. Frequent. July-August. This
and the two preceding species are sometimes found growing to-
gether.
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl
Slender gerardia
Roadsides and coppices on hillsides. Frequent. August-Sep-
tember.
144 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Pedicularis canadensis L.
Wood betony. Lousewort
Dry, open thickets. Common. May-June.
Melampyrum lineare Lam.
M. americanum Michx.
Narrow-leaved cowwheat
Dry woods and thickets. Common. June-August.
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia vulgaris L.
Common Bladderwort
Still or sluggish waters. Common. July.
OROBANCHACEAE
Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton
Aphyllon uniflorum Gray
Naked broom rape
Dry thickets near Apalachin. May.
Leptamnium virginianum (L.) Raf.
Epiphegus virginiana Bart.
Beech drops
Under beech trees. Frequent. September-October.
BIGNONIACEAE
Catalpa catalpa (L.) Karst.
©. bignonioides Walt.
Catalpa. Indian bean
Planted as a shade tree, but sometimes becomes spontaneous.
July.
ACANTHACEAE
Dianthera americana L.
Water willow
Common in the river from Smithboro westward, but not
found in the eastern part of our range. July-August.
PHRYMACEAE
Phryma leptostachya L.
Lopseed
Woods and thickets. Frequent. July-August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 145
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago major L.
Common plantain
Waste places. Common. Summer.
Plantago rugelii Dec.
Rugel’s plantain
Waste places. Common. Summer.
Plantago lanceolata L.
English plantain. Ribgrass
Waste places and grass lands. Very common. May-October.
Plantago aristata Michx.
Recently introduced into a grain field and now spreading
rapidly. June-September.
Plantago virginica L.
Dwarf plantain
Meadows 1 mile south of Barton. Plentiful. May-June.
RUBIACEAE
Houstonia coerulea L.
Bluets. Innocence
Meadows and pastures, specially in moist soil. Common. July.
Galium trifidum L.
Small bedstraw
Bogs and cold swamps. Frequent. Summer.
CAPRIFOLIACHAE
Sambucus canadensis Michx.
Sweet elder
Roadsides, fence rows and bottom lands. Common. July.
Sambucus pubens Michx.
S. racemosa L.
Red-berried elder
Moist soil in rocky woods. Common. May.
Viburnum alnifolium Marsh.
V. lantanoides Michx.
Hobblebush
Low woods’ Frequent. May.
146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Viburnum opulus L.
High bush cranberry. Cramp bark
Swamps near Barton. Infrequent. June.
Viburnum acerifolium L.
Maple-leaved arrowiwood. Dockmackie
Dry, rocky woods. Common. June.
Viburnum pubescens (Ait.) Pursh
Downy-leaved arrowwood
Rocky woods. Common. June.
Viburnum dentatum L.
Arrowwood
3orders of swamps. Common. June.
Viburnum cassinoides L.
Withe-rod. Appalachian tea
Swamps and low ground. Common. June.
Viburnum lentago L.
Nannyberry. Sheepberry
Low ground. Common. Mav.
Triosteum perfoliatum L.
Feverwort. Horse gentian
Borders of woods, specially along the river. Frequent. June.
Linnaea borealis L.
Twin flower
Damp, shrubby field near Apalachin. Rare. June.
Symphoricarpus racemosus Michx.
: Snowberry
Plentiful along the river banks at Barton, also frequent by
roadsides where it has escaped from cultivation. June-August.
Lonicera dioica I.
Lee hauie ati Halt
Glaucous honeysuckle
Dry soil in thickets and along fences. Frequent. June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 147
Lonicera ciliata Muhl.
Fly honeysuckle
Moist woods. Common. May.
Lonicera tatarica L.
Tartarian bush honeysuckle
Roadsides. Escaped from cultivation. May.
Diervilla diervilla (L..) MacM.
D. trifida Moench
Bush honeysuckle
Dry, rocky, woodland roadsides and fence rows. Common.
June.
VALERIANACKAE
Valerianella chenopodifolia(Pursh) DC.
Goosefoot corn salad
Moist meadows along the river. Frequent. June-July.
Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr.
Beaked corn salad
Bottom land at Barton. Frequent. June-July.
DIPSACACEAE
Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.
Card teasel
Waste places. Common. July-August.
CUCURBITACEAE
Micrampelis lobata (Michx.) Greene
Hehinocystis tobata T. &. G.
Wild balsam apple
River banks and waste places. Common. July-August.
Sicyos angulatas L.
Star cucumber
River banks and waste places. Common. July-September.
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula rotundifolia L.
Harebell
Rocks near Barton. Rare. July-August.
148 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Campanula rapunculoides L.
European beliflower
Roadsides and about old dwellings. Common. July-Septem-
ber.
Campanula aparinoides Pursh
Marsh bellflower
Wet, grassy places. Common. July-August.
Legouzia perfoliata (L.) Britton
Specularia perfoliata A. DC.
Venus looking-glass
Fields, roadsides and in cultivated soil. Common. June.
Lobelia cardinalis L.
Cardinal flower
Shores of streams. Common. July-August.
Lobelia syphilitica L.
Great lobelia
Wet meadows and borders of swamps. Frequent. August.
Lobelia spicata Lam.
Spiked lobelia
Meadows and pastures. Common. July.
Lobelia inflata L.
Indian tobacco
Fields and thickets. Common. July.
CICHORIACEAE
Cichorium intybus L.
Chicory
Fields and roadsides. Frequent. August.
Tragopogon pratensis L.
Goat’s beard
Frequent along railroads. Summer.
Tragopogon porrifolius L.
Oyster plant. Salsify
Escapes from cultivation. Summer.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 149
Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst.
T. officinale Weber
Dandelion
Very common. April-December.
Fields and waste places.
Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz.
Red-seeded dandelion
Fields and waste places. Common. Easily distinguished from
‘the last by its brownish red seeds.
Sonchus oleraceus L.
Annual sow thistle
Waste places, specially along railroads. Common. June-
October.
Sonchus asper (L.) All.
Spiny sow thistle
With the last. Common. June-October.
Lactuca virosa L.
Prickly lettuce
August-September. <A very trouble-
Waste places. Common.
’ some weed, which is fast spreading.
Lactuca canadensis L.
Tall lettuce
Common. July-September.
Thickets and fence rows.
Lactuca villosa Jacq.
L. acuminata Gray
Blue lettuce
Thickets. Frequent. August.
Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Hitch.
L. leucophaea Gray
Tall blue lettuce
Moist soil. Common. August-September.
Hieracium aurantiacum L.
Orange hawkweed. Paint brush
Fields. It often forms dense patches. Common. June-Sep-
tember.
o
150 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Hieracium praealtum Vill.
King devil
In a meadow near Apalachin. Rare. June-August.
Hieracium venosum L.
Rattlesnake weed
Dry woods and thickets. Common. June-August.
Hieracium canadense Michx.
Canada hawkweed
Dry woods and thickets. Frequent. August.
Hieracium paniculatum L.
Panicled hawkweed
Dry, open woods. Common. August.
Hieracium scabrum Michx.
Rough hawkweed
Dry soil in woods and clearings. Common. August.
Nabalus altissimus (L..) Hook.
Prenanthes altissima IL.
Tall white lettuce
Woods and thickets. Common. August-October.
Nebalus albus (L.) Hook.
Prenanthes alba L.
White lettuce. Rattlesnake root
Thickets and borders of woods. Common. August-September.
Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh) Hook.
Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh
Liows foot. CGall-of-the-earth
Thickets and open woods. Common. August-September.
AMBROSIACEAE
Ambrosia trifida L.
Great ragweed
Abundant along the river banks. August-September.
Ambrosia trifida integrifolia (Muhl.) T. & G.
With the type. Frequent.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANISY 1902 151
Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L.
Ragweed. Hogweed
Cultivated soil and waste places. A very common weed.
August-September.
Xanthium canadense Mill.
American cocklebur
River banks, along streams and in waste places. Common.
_ August-September.
Xanthium strumarium L.
Bur weed
Waste places. Occasional. August-September.
COMPOSITAE
Eupatorium purpureum Lh.
Trumpetweed. Gravelroot
Moist soil. Common. August-September.
Eupatorium purpureum faleatum (Michx.) Britton
With the type. specially along the river.
Eupatorium perfoliatum L.
Boneset. Thoroughwort
Wet places. Common. August-September.
Eupatorium perfoliatum truncatum (Muhl.) Gray
Vicinity of Apalachin. Infrequent.
Eupatorium ageratoides L.f.
White snakeroot i
Woods and thickets. Common. Occasional in shaded places
near dwellings. August-September.
Solidago squarrosa Muhl.
Stout ragged goldenrod
Dry, recky soil on hilltops and along roadsides. Common.
September.
Solidago caesia L.
Blue-stemmed goldenrod
Woods and thickets. Common. August-September.
Solidago caesia axillaris (I’ursh) Gray
Woods and thickets. Common.
152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Solidago flexicaulis L.
Srlati tel fay a
Broad-leaved goldenrod
Rich, moist woods and thickets. Common. August-September.
Solidago bicolor L.
White goldenrod
Thickets and roadsides. Common. August-September.
Solidago hispida Muhl.
Sec ono yar Ce Ome oO Liga al. aerG,
Hairy goldenrod
Dry soil in thickets. Frequent. August-September.
Solidago rugosa Mill.
Rough goldenrod
Fields, fence rows and roadsides. Very common. August-
September.
Solidago patula Muhl.
Rough-leaved goldenrod
Swamps at Apalachin and Barton. Infrequent. September.
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl.
Elin-leaved goidenrod
Woods, coppices and dry slopes. Infrequent. August-Sep-
tember.
Solidago juncea Ait.
Early goldenrod
Dry, rocky soil of fields and banks. Common. July. This 1s
our earliest blooming species and is sometimes found in flower
late in June.
Solidago arguta Ait.
Cut-leaved goldenrod
Moist thickets. Frequent. July-September.
Solidago serotina Ait.
Simooth goldenrod
Moist soil. Common. August-September.
Solidago serotina gigantea (Ait.) Gray
With the type and nearly as common. August-September.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 153
Solidago canadensis L.
Canada goldenrod
Old fields, fence rows and roadsides. Abundant. August-
‘September.
Solidago nemoralis Ait.
Field goldenrod
Poor, rocky soil in old fields. Very common. August-Sep-
tember.
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.
Solidago lanceolata L.
Narrow-leaved goldenrod
iields and roadsides. Very common. August.
Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) B.S. P.
S. conyzoides Nees
White-topped aster
Dry woods. Frequent. August.
Aster divaricatus L.
A. corymbosus Ait.
White wood aster
Open woodland and thickets. .Common. September.
Aster curvescens Burgess
Dome-topped aster
Moist, shaded soil. Common. September.
Aster macrophyllus L.
Large-leaved aster
Woods and thickets. Common. August. A species having
many different forms.
Aster ianthinus Burgess
Violet wood aster
Wooded banks and paths. Frequent. August-September.
Aster cordifolius L.
Common blue weod aster
Open woods, fence rows, thickets and specially along woodland
roads. Common. September-November.
154 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Aster cordifolius polycephalus Porter
With the type. Occasional.
Aster lowrieanus Porter
Lowrie’s aster
Woods. Common. September-October.
Aster lowrieanus lancifolius Porter
With the type.
Aster undulatus L.
Wavy-leaf aster
Dry soil. Common. September.
Aster undulatus loriformis Burgess
With the type. Common. September.
Aster patens Ait.
Late purple aster
Dry, open places. Freyquent. September.
Aster novae-angliae L.
New Hngland aster
Fields and fence rows. Common. August-September.
splendid species.
Aster puniceus L.
Purple-stem aster
Swamps and wet piaces. Common. September.
Aster puniceus firmus (Nees) T. & G.
AS ter Pun lCeus var. Tae y vreau his» Gray
With the type. Frequent. September.
Aster prenanthoides Muhl.
Crooked-stem aster
Moist soil. Common. September-October.
Aster laevis L.
Smooth aster
Borders of woods and thickets. Common. September.
beautiful species.
Aster acuminatus Michx.
Jountain aster
Moist woods. Common. August-September.
A
x
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
Aster paniculatus Lam.
Tall white aster
Moist soil. Common. September.
Aster ericoides L.
White heath aster
Dry soil. Common. September-November.
Aster laterifiorus (L.) Britton
AY. da fiftwsus Ait.
Starved aster
Fields, roadsides and thickets. Common. September.
Aster vimineus Lam.
Small white aster
Borders of thickets. Frequent. September.
Erigeron pulchellus Michx.
E. bellidifolius Muhl.
Robiv’s plantain
Banks. Common. May.
Erigeron philadelphicus L.
Philadelphia fleabane
Moist, grassy fields and woods. Common. May-June.
Erigeron annuus (I..) Pers.
Sweet scabious
Fields and roadsides. Common. May-October.
Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B.S. P.
E. strigosus Muhl.
Daisy ficabane
A common weed in meadows. June-September.
Leptilon canadense (L.) Britton
Erigeron canadensis L.
Canada fleabane. Horseweed
A very common weed in fields and waste places.
tember.
Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees
Aster umbellatus Mill.
Tall flat-top white aster
Moist soil near Apalachin. August.
155
July-Sep-
156 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) Greene
Aster infirmus Michx.
Cornel-leaved aster
Dry, rocky soil in woods and thickets. Frequent.
September.
Antennaria neglecta Greene
Field cat’s-foot
Pastures. Common. April-May.
Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
Plantain-leaf everlasting
Woods and old fields. Common. April-May.
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) B. & H.
Pearly everlasting
Old fields. Common. August.
Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.
G. polycephalum Michx.
White balsam
Dry, open places. Common. August.
Gnaphalium decurrens Ives
Clammy everlasting
Dry, open places. Common. August.
Gnaphalium uliginosum L.
Low cudweed
August-
Damp soil, specially along roadsides. Common. August.
‘Inula helenium L.
Elecanvpane
Fields, roadsides and along streams in woods. Common. Au-
gust.
Polymnia canadensis L.
Small-flowered leafcup
“ Hog back” near Apalachin. Rare. August.
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) B. S. P.
H. laevis Pers.
Oxeye
Common on the banks of the river and along streams.
August.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 157
Rudbeckia hirta L.
Black-eyed susan. Yellow daisy
Meadows and pastures. Common. June-August.
Rudbeckia laciniata L.
Tall coneflower
Damp soil in thickets. Common. July-August.
Helianthus annuus L.
Common sunflower
Waste places. Frequent. August.
Helianthus divaricatus L.
Rough sunflower
Dry thickets. Common. July-August.
Helianthus decapetalus L.
Thin-leaved sunflower
Along the river and in moist woods. Common. August-Sep-
tember.
Helianthus strumosus L.
Wood sunflower
Plentiful in a thicket near Apalachin. August-September.
Helianthus tuberosus L.
Jerusalem artichoke
River banks and waste places. Common. September. Appa-
‘ rently indigenous in the river valley.
Bidens laevis (L.) B. S. P.
B. chrysanthemoides Michx.
Larger bur marigold
ii ditches and wet meadows. Common. August-Sep-
tember.
Bidens cernua L.
Smaller bur marigold
Wet soil. Common. August-September.
Bidens connata Muhl.
Swamp beggar ticks
Swamps and moist soil. Common. August-September.
158 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Bidens frondosa L.
Beggar ticks. Stick-tight
Damp soil in fields. Very common. August-September.
Galinsoga parviflora Cav.
Galinsoga
Dooryards and waste places at Owego and Waverly. Plentiful.
August-September.
Helenium autumnale L.
Sneezeweed
Banks of the river, along streams and in swamps. Common.
September-October.
Achillea millefolium L.
Yarrow. Milfoil
Fields, pastures and roadsides. Common. June-September.
Anthemis cotula L.
Mayweed
Fields, waste places and roadsides. Common. June-Septem-
ber.
Anthemis arvensis I.
Corn camomile
Fields, specially on the river flats. Common. May-June.
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.
White daisy
Meadows and fields. Abundant. May-August.
Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Pers.
Common feverfew
Frequent in waste places at Apalachin. Summer. Escapes
from cultivation in gardens.
Tanacetum vulgare L.
Tansy
Fields, roadsides and along streams. Common. August-Sep-
tember.
Artemisia absinthium L.
’ Wormwood
Waste places at Barton. July-September.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
Artemisia vulgaris L.
Common mugwort
Waste places at Barton. July-September.
Tussilago farfara L.
Coltsfoot
Moist soil by roadsides. Infrequent. April-May.
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf.
Fireweed
159
Woodland and thickets, specially in recent clearings and burnt
districts. Common. August-September.
Synosma suaveolens (L.) Raf.
Wacaliva- s waive ole ms.
Sweet-scented Indian plantain
Alluvial soil and woods along the river. Frequent.
ber.
Senecio aureus L.
Golden ragwort. Liferoot
Septem-
Swamps, wet meadows and along streams. Common. May-
June.
Arctium lappa L.
Burdock
Waste places. Frequent. July-September.
Arctium minus Schk.
Common burdock
Waste places, specially about dwellings. Common.
tober.
Carduus lanceolatus L.
Cnieus lanceolatus Hoffm.
Common bur thistle
Fields and waste places. Common. July-October.
Carduus discolor (Muhl.) Nutt.
July-Oc-
Ciriecnsealtissimts” ‘yar. discolor’ “Gray
Field thistle
Plentiful in fields along the river. July-October.
160 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Carduus odoratus (Muhl.) Porter
Cnicus pumilus Torr.
Pasture thistle. Fragrant thistle
Fields. Frequent. July-August.
Carduus muticus (Michx.) Pers.
Cnicus muticus Pursh
Swamp thistle
Swamps and along streams. Common. August.
Carduus arvensis (L.) Robs.
Cnicus arvensis Hoftm.
Canada thistle
Abundant in fields and waste places. July-September.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE M
Hygrophorus subrufescens Pk.
REDDISH HyGrRoPHORUS
1, 2 Two plants with convex cap
3, 4 Two plants with margin of cap curved upward
5 Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
6 Four spores < 400
Collybia uniformis Pk.
UNIFORM COLLYBIA
=~]
Cluster of four plants erowing from the upper surface
of a piece of wood, two of them young, two mature
8 Cluster of three mature plants growing from the lateral
surface of a piece of wood
9-11 Three mature plants, one with curved stem
i2 Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant with
fully expanded cap
13 Transverse section of a stem
14 Vertical section of the upper part of a plant with convex
cap
15° Transverse section of a compressed stem
16 Four spores * 400
17-19
23-25
35, 36
LS
a WwW
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIStT 1902 161
Mycena rugosoides Pk.
WRINKLED MYCENA
Three plants with dark brown caps, two moist, one dry,
two with caps umbonate
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores < 400
Three plants with grayish brown caps, one moist, two
dry, two with caps umbonate
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores < 400
Three plants with whitish caps, one moist, two dry, two
with caps umbonate
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores * 400
Flammula pusilla Pk.
SmMaLu FLAMMULA
Two immature plants
Mature plant with convex cap
Mature plant with plane cap
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores * 400
PLATE N
Russula magnifica Pk.
MAGNIFICENT RUSSULA
Small immature plant
Mature plant of medium size
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores < 400
Russula earlei Pk.
EARLE’S RussuLA
Immature plant
Mature plants with convex caps
Mature plant with cap nearly plane
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores < 400
162
oT em © bb
15, 16
17
18
19
> Ol H CO KS
_
-
10
11
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 82
Tricholoma silvaticum Pk.
Woop TRICHOLOMA
Two plants with umbonate caps
Plant with convex cap
Plant: with plane cap
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores * 400
Tricholoma subacutum Pk.
SuBAcuTEeE TRICHOLOMA
Immature plant with grayish brown cap
Mature plant with grayish brown cap
Three plants with blackish brown fibrillose caps
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores X 400
Tricholoma radicatum Pk.
Rootep TRICHOLOMA
Two plants with smoothish caps
Plant with minutely scaly cap
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores * 400
PLATE 83
Hygrophorus pudorinus Fr.
BLUSHING HyGROPHORUS
Cluster of four young plants
Mature plant with convex cap
Mature plant with slightly umbonate cap
Vertical section of the upper part of a young plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores X 400
Lactarius luteolus Pk.
YELLOWISH LacTARIUS
Immature plant
Mature plant with even cap
Mature plant with cap rugose
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores X 400
12
13-15
16
NT
18
19
20
21, 22
23
24
bo oe
10 OF FP
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 163
Lactarius subdulcis Fr.
Sweer LactraRius
Immature plant
Mature plants, two having caps with a small umbo
Mature plant with margin of cap wavy
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant —
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores * 460
Lactarius subduleis oculatus Pk.
Eye-spot LAcTARIUS
Immature plant
Mature plants
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores < 400
PLATE 84
Russula crustosa Pk.
CRUSTED RUSSULA
Immature plant
Mature plant with striated margin of cap
Mature plant with even margin of cap tinged with green
Mature plant with plane cap
Vertical section of the upper part of a young plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores < 400
Cantharellus dichotomus Pk.
ForKED CHANTARELLE
Three plants with dark gray umbonate caps, two of them
with reddish stains on the stems
Two plants with pale gray caps, one with a small umbo
Plant with a grayish brown, wavy, margined cap
Vertical sections of the upper part of two plants
Four spores X 400
Four plants with short stems
Diagrammatic representation of the forking of the gills
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CRUSTED RUSSULA FORKED CHANTARELLE
THE AxGUS CO.) STATE PRINTERS
Abutilon abutilon, 121
avicennae, 121
Acalypha virginica, 116
Acanthaceae, 144
Acer dasycarpum, 118
nigrum, 119
pennsylvanicum, 119
rubrum, 118
saccharinum, 118
var. nigrum, 119
saccharum, 118
spicatum, 119
Aceraceae, 118
Achillea millefolium, 158
Acorus calamus, 76
Actaea alba, 96
rubra, 95
spicata var. rubra, 95
Adder’s-tongue, yellow, 79
Adiantum pedatum, 51
Adicea pumila, 88
Adlumia cirrhosa, 99
fungosa, 99
Aecidium ligustri, 28
Aesculus hippocastanum, 119
PI X
| Alisma plantago-aquatica, 55
Alismaceae, 55
Alleghany vine, 99
Allium canadense, 78
cernuum, 78
tricoccum, 78
| Alopecurus geniculatus, 60
var, aristulatus, 60
pratensis, 60
Alsine borealis, 94
graminea, 93
longifolia, 93
media, 93
Alum root, 115
Amanita flavoconia, 21-22
Amanitopsis stranculata. 35
volvata, 35
Amaranth, prostrate, 91
red, 91
| Amaranthaceae, 91-92
_ Amaranthus albus, 92
Agastache scrophulariaefolia, 137
Agrimonia hirsuta, 108
striata, 108
Agrimony, tall hairy, 108
woodland, 108
Agropyron caninum, 66
repens, 66
Agrostemma githago, 92
Agrostis alba, 60
hyemalis, 61
pernnans, 61
seabra, 61
stolonifera, 60
vulgaris, 60
Ague weed, 133
Ailanthus glandulosus, 116
Aizoaceae, 92
Alder, black, 118
Alexanders, golden, 126
heart-leaved, 127
Alfalfa, 111
blitoides, 91
graecizans, 92
hybridus, 91
paniculatus, 91
hypochondriacus, 91
paniculatus, 91
retroflexus, 91
Amaryllidaceae, 80
Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, 151
trifida, 150
integrifolia, 150
Ambrosiaceae, 150-51
Amelanchier botryapium, 109
canadensis, 109
var. oblongifolia, 109
spicata, 109
Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 120
Amphicarpa monoica, 114
Amygdalus persica, 111
Anacardiaceae, 117
Anaphalis margaritacea, 156
Andromeda, 130
ligustrina, 130
polifolia, 130
166
Andropogon furcatus, 56
scoparius, 55
Anemone, Canada, 96
long-fruited, 96
tall, 96
Anemone canadensis, 96
cylindrica, 96
nemorosa, 96
pennsylvanica, 96
quinquefolia, 96
virginiana, 96
Angelica, hairy, 126
purple-stemmed, 126
Angelica atropurpurea, 126
hirsuta, 126
villosa, 126
Antennaria ambigens, 19
brainerdii, 19-20
fallax, 19
neglecta, 156
simplex, 33
petaloidea, 20
plantaginifolia, 156
Anthemis arvensis, 158
cotula, 158
Anthoxanthum odoratum, 58
Anychia canadensis, 94
Aphyllon uniflorum, 144
Apios apios, 114
tuberosa, 114
Apocynaceae, 133
Apocynum, androsaemifolium, 133
cannabinum, 133
Apple, 109
thorn, 141
wild balsam, 147
Apple of Peru, 140
Aquilegia canadensis, 96
vulgaris, 96
Arabis canadensis, 102
dentata, 102
glabra, 102
hirsuta, 102
laevigata, 102
lyrata, 102
perfoliata, 102
Araceae, 76
Aralia hispida, 125
nudicaulis, 125
quinquefolia, 125
NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
Aralia racemosa, 125
trifolia, 125
Araliaceae, 125
Arbutus, trailing, 130
_ Arctium lappa, 159
minus, 159
Arenaria lateriflora, 94
serpyllifolia, 94
Arisaema dracontium, 76
pusillum, 20
triphyllum, 76
Aristida dichotoma, 59
Aristolochiaceae, 88
Aronia arbutifolia, 109
nigra, 109
_ Arrhenatherum elatius, 61
Arrowhead, broad-leaved, 55
grass-leaved, 55
sessile-fruiting, 55
Arrowwood, 146
downy-leaved, 146
maple-leaved, 146
Artemisia absinthium, 158
stelleriana, 19
vulgaris, 159
Artichoke, Jerusalem, 157
Arum, water, 76
Asarum canadense, 88.
reflexum, 88.
Asclepiadaceae, 133-34
Asclepias cornuti, 134
exaltata, 134
incarnata, 134
phytolaccoides, 134
quadrifolia, 134
syriaca, 134
tuberosa, 133
_ Ascobolus atrofuscus, 31
| Ash, American mountain, 108
black, 132
prickly, 116
red, 132
white, 132
| Asparagus, 79
Asparagus officinalis, 79
_ Aspen, American, 84
large-toothed, 84
Aspidium acrostichoides, 49
boottii, 50
cristatum, 50
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 167
Aspidium cristatum clintonianum, 50 | Aster patens, 154
marginale, 50 | prenanthoides, 154
noveboracense, 49 | puniceus, 154
spinulosum, 50 | firmus, 154
var. intermedium, 50 | var. laevicaulis, 154
thelypteris, 50 _-roscidus, 19
Asplenium acrostichoides, 51 | umbellatus, 155
ebeneum, 51 undulatus, 154
filix-foemina, 51 loriformis, 154
platyneuron, 51 vimineus, 155
’ thelypteroides, 51 | Atragene americana,,97
trichomanes, 51 | Atriplex hastata, 91
Asprella hystrix, 66 patulum var. hastatum, 91
Aster, cornel-leaved, 156 _ Avena striata, 61
crooked-stem, 154 Avens, purple, 107
dome-topped, 153 rough, 107
large-leaved, 153 | water, 107
Lowrie’s, 154 | white, 107
mountain, 154 _ yellow, 108
New England, 154 _ Azalea, 129
purple, late, 154 mountain, 129
purple-stem, 154 | Azalea canescens, 129
smooth, 154 nudiflora, 129
starved, 155 Balm, American bee, 138
wavy-leaf, 154 | basil, 1388
white, small, 155 horse, 140
tall, 155 Balm of Gilead, 84
tall flat-top, 155 Balmony, 141
white heath, 155 Balsam, white, 156
white-topped, 153 Balsam apple, wild, 147
wood, common blue, 153 Balsaminaceae, 119
violet, 153 Baneberry, red, 95
white, 153 white, 96
Aster acuminatus, 154 Barbarea barbarea, 101
eordifolius, 153 | stricta, 101
polycephalus, 154 vulgaris var, arcuata, 101
corymbosus, 153 var. stricta, 101
curvescens, 153 _ Barberry, European, 98
diffusus, 155 | Barnyard grass, 56
divaricatus, 153 Basil, wild, 139
ericoides, 155 | Basswood, 120
ianthinus, 153 | Bean, Indian, 144
infirmus, 156 Beard grass, broom, 55
laevis, 154 forked, 56
lateriflorus, 155 | Beard-tongue, foxglove, 142
lowrieanus, 154 | hairy, 142
lancifolius, 154 Bedstraw, small, 145
macrophyllus, 153 Beech, water, 86
novae-angliae, 154 | Beech drops, 144
paniculatus, 155 | Beggar ticks, 158
168 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Beggar ticks, swamp, 157
Beggar’s lice, 136
Bellflower, European, 148
marsh, 148
Bellwort, large-flowered, 78
perfoliate, 78
sessile-leaved, 78
Benjamin bush, 99
Benzoin benzoin, 99
Berberidaceae, 98
Berberis vulgaris, 98
Bergamot, purpie, 138
wild, 138
Betony, wood, 144
Betulaceae, 86-87
Bicuculla canadensis, 99
cucullaria, 99
Bidens cernua, 157
chrysanthemoides, 157
connata, 157
frondosa, 158
laevis, 157
Bignoniaceae, 144
Bindweed, black, 90
field, 134
fringed black, 90
hedge, 134
upright, 134
Bitternut, 83
Bittersweet, 140
climbing, 118
Black-eyed Susan, 157
Blackberry, high bush, 1U6
mountain, 106
running swamp, 106
Bladder nut, American, 118
Bladderwort, common, 144
Blazing star, 78
Blephilia, downy, 138
Blephilia ciliata, 138
Bloodroot, 99
Blue curls, 137
Blue-eyed grass, pointed, 81
stout, 81
Blue grass, English, 63
Kentucky, 63
Blue joint grass, 61
Blue stem, big, 56
little, 55
Blueberry, black, 130
Blueberry, black, low, 131
dwarf, 131
low, 131
swamp, 130
| Bluets, 145
| Blueweed, 136
Boehmeria cylindrica, 88
Bog bean, 133
Boneset, 151
| Boraginaceae, 135-36
| Botrychium dissectum, 48
matricariae, 21
obliquum, 48
ternatuum var. dissectum,*48
var. obliquum, 48
virginianum, 48
Bouncing bet, 93
Bowman’s root, 105
_ Brachyelytrum, 59
aristatum, 59
erectum, 59
| Bracken, 51
| Brake, 51
Brasenia peltata, 94
purpurea, 94
Brassica arvensis, 100
campestris, 100
napus, 100
nigra, 100
sinapistrum, 100
Brier, hispid green, 80
Britton, Nathaniel L., acknowledg-
ments to, 48
Bromus ciliatus, 65
purgans, 65
kalmii, 65
pubescens, 65
racemosus, 65
secalinus, 65
_ Brooklime, American, 142
_ Broom rape, naked, 144
| Brunella vulgaris, 137
| Buck bean, 133
Buckthorn, 119
alder-leaved, 119
Buckwheat, 89
climbing false, 90
Bugleweed, 139
Bugloss, small, 136
viper’s, 136
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
Bulrush, dark green, 68
great, 68
leafy, 68
Torrey’s, 68
Bunchberry, 128
Bur reed, broad-fruited, 54
simple-stemmed, 54
Bur weed, 151
Burdock, 159
common, 159
Burgess, Edward §S., acknowledg-
ments to, 48
Bursa bursa-pastoris, 102
Bush clover, hairy, 114
round-headed, 114
trailing, 113
wandlike, 114
Butter and eggs, 141
Buttercup, bristly, 97
early, 98
hispid, 98
meadow, 97
swamp, 98
Butterfly weed, 133
Butternut, 83
Buttonwood, 105
Buxbaumia indusiata, 35
Cacalia suaveolens, 159
Caesalpinaceae, 111
Calamagrostis canadensis, 61
cinnoides, 61
nuttalliana, 61
Calamintha clinopodium, 139
Caldesia sabinae, 31
Calla, wild, 76
Calla palustris, 76
Callitrichaceae, 117
Callitriche palustris, 117
verna, 117
Calloria caulophylli, 31
Calopogon, 83
pulchellus, 83
Caltha palustris, 95
Camomile corn, 158
Campanula aparinoides, 148
rapunculoides, 148
rotundifolia, 147
Campanulaceae, 147-48
Campion, bladder, 92
starry, 92
Camptosorus rhizophyllus, 51
Canary grass, 58
reed, 58
Cannabis sativa, 87
Cantharellus cibarius albipes, 37
dichotomus, 46-47
explanation of plate, 163
Caprifoliaceae, 145-47
Capsella bursa-pastoris, 102
Caraway, 127
Cardamine bulbosa, 101
pennsylvanica, 101
rhomboidea, 101
Cardinal flower, 148
Carduus arvensis, 160
discolor, 159
lanceolatus, 159
muticus, 160
odoratus, 160
Carex albursina, 72
amphibola, 71
arctata, 71
asa-grayl, 69
baileyi, 69
bromoides, 75
canescens, 75
cephaloidea, 74
cephalophora, 74
communis, 73
comosa, 70
crawfordii, 21
crinita, 71
cristatella, 75
debilis var. rudgei, 71
deweyana, 75
digitalis, 72
echinata var. cephalantha, 74
var. microstachys, 74
festucacea, 76
filiformis, 70
var. latifolia, 70
foenea, 75
gracillima, 71
granularis, 72
grayi, 69
grisea, 71
gynandra, 71
hystricina, 69
intumescens, 69
lanuginosa. 70
169
170 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Carex laxiculmis, 72 | Carex triceps var. hirsuta, 71
laxiflora, 72
blanda, 72
var. latifolia, 72
patulifolia, 72
var. styloflexa, 72
varians, 72
leptalea, 73
longirostis, 71
lupulina, 69
bella-villa, 69
lurida, 69
var. gracilis, 69
monile, 69
muhlenbergil, 74
muricata, 74
pallescens, 72
pedicellata, 73
pedunculata, 73
pennsylvanica, 73
plantaginea, 72
polytrichoides, 73
prasina, 70
pseudo-cyperus. 70
var. Americana, 70
pubescens, 73
retroflexa, 74
retrorsa, 69
riparia, 70
rosea, 74
radiata, 74
var. retroflexa, 74
seabrata, 70
scoparia, 75
minor, 75
sparganioides, 74
sterilis, 74
cephalantha, 74
stipata, 73
straminea, 75
var. brevior, 76
stricta, 70
styloflexa, 72
tenella, 74
tenuis, 71
torta, 70
tribuloides, 75
bebbi, 75
var. cristata, 75
triceps, 71
|
trichocarpa, 70
trisperma, 75
tueckermani, 69
utriculata, 69
varia, 73
virescens, 71
vulpinoidea, 73
xanthocarpa, 73
| Carpetweed, 92
Carpinus caroliniana, 86
_ Carrion flower, 80
_ Carrot, wild, 126
Carum carui, 127
_ Carya alba, 83
amara, 83
microcarpa, 84
porcina, 84
tomentosa, 84
| Caryophyllaceae, 92
_ Cassandra calyculata, 130
_ Cassia nictitans, 111
Castalia odorata, 95
Catalpa, 144
bignonioides, 144
catalpa, 144
Catchfly, night-flowering, 93
sleepy, 93
Catmint, 137
Catnip, 137
Cat’s-foot, field, 156
Cattail, broad-leaved, 54
Caulophyllum thalictroides, 98
Ceanothus americanus, 120
Celandine, 99
_ Celastraceae, 118
Celastrus scandens, 118
Celtis occidentalis, 87
Cerastium arvense, 94
oblongifolium, 94
longipedunculatum, 94
nutans, 94
vulgatum, 94
Ceratophyllaceae, 95
Ceratophyllum demersum, 95
Chamaedaphne calyculata, 130
Chamaelirium carolinianum, 78
luteum, 78
Chamaenerion angustifolium, 124
Chantarelle, dichotomous, 46—47
INDEX TO REPORY OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 1
Chantarelie, forked, 46-47
explanation of plate, 163
Charlock, 100
Cheat, 65
Cheeses, 120
Chelidonium majus, 99
Chelone glabra, 141
Chenopodiaceae, 91
Chenopodium album, 91
viride, 91
botrys, 91
glaucum, 91
hybridum, 91
Cherry, choke, 111
ground, clammy, 140
Philadelphia, 140
pin, 110
sour, 110
sweet, 110
wild black, 111
wild red, 110
Chess, 65
Kalm’s, 65
soft, 65
’ upright, 65
wood, 65
Chickweed, common, 93
field, 94
mouse-ear, 94
nodding, 94
slender forked, 94
Chicory, 148
Chimaphila maculata, 129
umbellata, 129
Chiogenes hispidula, 131
serpyllifolia, 131
Choke cherry, 111
Chokeberry, black, 109
red, 109
Christmas green, trailing, 52
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, 158
parthenium, 158
Chrysopogon avenaceus, 56
Chrysosplenium americanum, 104
Ciboria americana, 31
sulphurella, 31
Cichoriaceae, 48-50
Cichorium intybus, 148
Cicuta bulbifera, 127
maculata, 127
Cimicifuga racemosa, 96
Cinna arundinacea, 60
latifolia, 60
pendula, 60
Cinquefoil, marsh, 107
rough, 107
silvery, 107
tall, 107
Cintractia affinis, 28-29
Circaea alpina, 125
lutetiana,£125
Cistaceae, 121
Clavaria crassipes, 27
tsugina, 27-28
Claytonia caroliniana,'92
virginica, 92
Clearweed,'88
Clematis verticillaris,'97
virginiana, 97
Climbing fumitory, 99
Clinopodium vulgare, 139
Clintonia, yellow, 79
Clintonia borealis, 79
Clitocybe dealbata deformata, 35-36
inversa, 22
multiceps, 36
tortilis gracilis, 36
Clover, alsike, 112
bush, 113
hairy, 114
round-headed, 114
trailing, 113
wandlike, 114
crimson, 112
hop, 112
low, 112
red, 112
stone, 112
sweet, white, 111
yellow, 112
white, 112
yellow, 112
Club moss, 52
shining, 52
stiff, 52
Clute, W. N., Flora of the upper Sus_
quehanna, 6
Cnicus altissimus var. discolor, 159
arvensis, 160
lanceolatus, 159
~
(
1
172 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Cnicus muticus, 160
pumilus, 160
Cocklebur, American, 151
Cohosh, black, 96
blue, 98
Collinsonia canadensis, 140
Collybia uniformis, 37
explanation of plate, 160
Coltsfoot, 159
Columbine, European, 96
wild, 96
Comandra umbellata, 88
Comarium palustre, 107
Comfrey, 136
wild, 136
Compositae, 151-60
Comptonia peregrina, 84
Coneflower, tall, 157
Conium maculatum, 127
Convallariaceae, 79-80
Convolvulaceae, 134
Convolvulus arvensis, 134
sepium, 134
spithamaeus, 134
Coolwort, 104
Coprinus micaceus, 38
Coptis trifolia, 95
Coral root, large, 83
small-flowered, 83
Corallorhiza multiflora, 83
odontorhiza, 83
Cord grass, fresh-water, 62
Corn cockle, 92
Corn salad, beaked, 147
goosefoot, 147
Corn spurry, 94
Cornaceae, 128
Cornel, alternate-leaved, 128
dwarf, 128
panicled, 128
round-leaved, 128
silky, 128
Cornus alternifolia, 128
amomum, 128
canadensis, 128
candidissima, 128
circinata, 128
florida, 128
paniculata, 128
sericea, 128
| Cornus stolonifera, 128
Cow herb, 93
Cowslip, 95
Cowwheat, narrow-leaved, 144
Crab apple, American, 109
Crab grass, large, 56
small, 56
Cramp bark, 146
Cranberry, high bush, 146
large, 131
small, 131
| Cranesbill, Bicknell’s, 115
carolina, 115
spotted, 115
Crassulaceae, 103
Crataegus coccinea, 110
var. macracantha, 110
| Crataegus crus-galli 110
flora, 4-5
macracantha, 110
oxyacantha, 110
punctata, 110
tomentosa, 110
Craterellus subundulatus, 27
Cress, bulbous, 101
cow, 99
erect-fruited winter, 101
Pennsylvania bitter, 101
rock, hairy, 102
lyre-leaved, 102
smooth, 102
toothed, 102
water, 101
creeping yellow, 101
marsh, 101
Crowfoot, ditch, 97
hooked, 97
kidney-leaved, 97
Cruciferae, 99-103
_ Cryptotaenia canadensis, 127
Cucumber, star, 147
_ Cucumber tree, 95
Cucurbitaceae, 147
Cudweed, low, 156
Culver’s root, 143
| Currant, fetid, 104
golden, 104
red, 104
wild black, 104
| Cuscuta coryli, 134
INDEX 10 REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 163
Cuscuta gronovii, 135
inflexa, 134
Cuscutaceae, 134-35
Cymbalaria cymbalaria, 141
Cynoglossum officinale, 135
virginicum, 136
Cynosurus cristatus, 63
Cyperaceae, 66-76
Cyperus, awned, 67
low, 66
shining, 67
straw-colored, 67
Cyperus aristatus, 67
diandrus, 66
esculentus, 67
inflexus, 67
rivularis, 67
strigosus, 67
Cypripedium acaule, 81
hirsutum, 81
parviflorum, 81
pubescens, 81
Cystopteris bulbifera, 49
fragilis, 49
Dactylis glomerata, 63
Daisy, white, 158
yellow, 157
Dalibarda, 106
repens, 106
Dames rocket, 103
Dames violet, 103
Dandelion, 149
red-seeded, 149
Danthonia compressa, 62
spicata, 61
Dasystoma flava, 143
pedicularia, 143
virginica, 143
Datura stramonium, 141
Daucus carota, 126
Day lily, 78
Deerberry 131
Delphinium ajacis, 18
consolida, 96
Dennstaedtia punctilobula, 49
Dentaria diphylla, 102
laciniata, 102
Deringa canadensis, 127
Deschampsia caespitosa, 61
Deschaimpsia flexuosa, 61
Desmodium acuminatum, 113
canadense, 113
dillenii, 113
marylandicum, 113
nudiflorum, 113
paniculatum, 113
Detonia fulgens, 30
Dewberry, 106
| Dianthera americana, 144
Dianthus armeria, 93
barbatus, 93
Dicentra canadensis, 99
cucullaria, 99
Dicksonia pilosiuscula, 49
Diervilla diervilla, 147
trifida, 147
| Dioscorea villosa, 81
Dioscoreaceae, 81
Dipsacaceae, 147
Dipsacus sylvestris, 147
| Direa palustris, 124
| Dock, bitter, 89
curled, 89
red-veined, 89
swamp, 88
water, great, 89
~ Dockmackie, 146
| Dodder, 135
hazel, 134
Doellingeria infirma, 156
umbellata, 155
_ Dogbane, spreading, 133
Dogwood, flowering, 128
_ Doorweed, 90
_ Dropseed, Mexican, 59
slender-flowered, 59
woodland, 59
Drosera rotundifolia, 32, 103
Droseraceae, 103
Dryopteris acrostichoides, 49
boottii, 50
cristata, 50
clintoniana, 50
marginalis, 50
noveboracensis, 49
spinulosa, 50
intermedia, 50
thelypteris, 50
Duckweed, great, 76
‘ere! NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Duckweed small, 76
Dulichium, 67
arundinaceum, 67’
spathaceum, 67
Dutchman’s breeches, 99
Eatonia, slender, 62
Eatonia dudleyi, 62
nitida, 62
pennsylvanica, 62
Echinocystis lobata, 147
Echinospermum virginicum, 136
Echium vulgare 136
Edible fungi, 4, 39-47
Eelgrass, 55
Eelgrass pondweed, 54
Elder, dwarf, 125
red-berried, 145
sweet, 145
Elecampane, 156
Eleocharis acicularis, 67
ovata, 67
Elm, American, 87
rock, 87
slippery, 87
white, 87
Elodea canadensis, 55
Elodes campanulata, 121
Elymus canadensis, 66
glaucifolius, 66
striatus, 66
virginicus, 66
Encalypta rhabdocarpa, 21
Enchanter’s nightshade, 125
Epigaea repens, 130
Epilobium adenocaulon, 124
angustifolium, 124
coloratum, 124
lineare, 124
Epiphegus virginiana, 144
Equisetaceae, 52
Equisetum arvense, 52
fluviatile, 52
hyemale, 52
limosum, 52
sylvaticum, 52
Eragrostis, capillary, 62
creeping, 62
Frank’s, 62
purple, 62
kt ragrostis, Pursh’s, 62
tufted, 62
Eragrostis capillaris, 62
frankii, 62
hypnoides, 62
pectinacea, 62
pilosa, 62
purshii, 62
reptans, 62
Erechtites hieracifolia, 159
Ericaceae, 129
Erigeron annuus, 155
bellidifolius, 155
canadensis, 155
philadelphicus, 155
pulchellus, 155
ramosus, 33, 155
strigosus, 155
Eriophorum ecyperinum, 68
var. laxum, 68
polystachyon, 68
virginicum, 68
Erysimum cheiranthoides, 103
Erythronium americanum, 79
Euonymus europaeus, 118
Eupatorium ageratoides, 151
perfoliatum, 151
truncatum, 151
purpureum, 151
faleatum, 151
Euphorbia corollata, 117
cyparissias, 117
lucida, 117
maculata, 116
nicaeensis, 117
nutans, 116
preslii, 116
Euphorbiaceae, 116-17
Euthamia graminifolia, 153
Evening primrose, 124
Everlasting, clammy, 156
pearly, 156
plantain-leaf, 156
Explanation of plates, 160-63
Fagopyrum esculentum, 89
fagopyrum, 89
Faleata comosa, 114
| Fenno, Frank E., Plants of theZSus-
| quehanna Valley and adjacent hills
| of Tioga county, 5, 47-160
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 17
Fern, beech, broad, 50
long, 50
brittle, 49
bulblet-bearing, 49
Christmas, 49
cinnamon, 49
Clayton’s, 49
grape, cut-leaved, 48
oblique, 48
hay-scented, 49
lady, 51
maidenhair, 51
New York, 49
oak, 51
ostrich, 49
rattlesnake, 48
royal, 49
sensitive, 49
shield, Boott’s, 50
crested, 50
marginal, 50
marsh, 50
spinulose, 50
sweet, 84
Virginia chain, 51
walking, 51
Ferns and fern-allies, 48-53
Fescue, hard, 65
nodding, 65
sheep’s, 64
tall, 65
Festuca elatior, 65
nutans, 65
ovina, 64
duriuscula, 65
Feverfew, common, 15
Feverwort, 146
Figwort, 141
hare, 141
Fimbristylis capillaris, 67
Fireweed, 124, 159
Fivefinger, 107
dwarf, 107
Flag, larger blue, 81
sweet, 76
Flammula pusilla, 26-27
explanation of plate, 161
Flax, 115
wild yellow, 115
Fleabane, Canada, 155
oo
oUt
Fleabane, daisy, 155
Philadelphia, 155
Flower-of-an-hour, 121
Forget-me-not, 136
small, 136
Foxglove, false, downy, 143
fern-leaved, 143
smooth, 143
Foxtail, green, 58
marsh, 60
meadow, 60
yellow, 58
Fragaria americana, 106
vesca, 106
virginiana, 106
Fraxinus americana, 132
nigra, 132
pennsylvanica, 132
pubescens, 132
sambucifolia, 132
Frostweed, 121
Fumitory, climbing, 99
Fungi, edible, 39-47
Fusarium laxum, 30
Galeopsis tetrahit, 138
Galinsoga, 158
parviflora, 158
. hispida, 33
Galium trifidum, 145
Gall of the earth, 150
Garget, 92
Garlic, meadow, 78
Gaultheria procumbens, 130
Gaura, biennial, 125
biennis, 125
Gaylussacia, resinosa, 130
Gentian, closed, 133
fringed, 133
horse, 146
stiff, 133
Gentiana andrewsi, 133
crinita, 133
quinqueflora, 133
quinquefolia, 133
Gentianaceae, 133
Geopyxis carbonaria, 31
Geraniaceae, 115
Geranium bicknellii, 115
carolinianum, 115
maculatum, 115
176 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Geranium robertianum, 115
Gerardia, slender, 143
Gerardia flava, 143
pedicularia, 143
quercifolia, 143
tenuifolia, 143
Germander, 137
Geum album, 107
canadense, 107
rivale, 107
strictum, 108
virginianum, 107
Gifts, 10-17
Gill-over-the-ground, 137
Gillenia trifoliata, 105
Ginger, wild, 88
short-lobed, 88
Ginseng, 125
Glecoma hederacea, 137
Gleditsia triacanthos, 111
Gloeosporium phaeosorium, 29
Glyceria, acutiflora, 64
canadensis, 64
fluitans, 64
grandis, 64
nervata, 64
pallida, 64
Gnaphalium decurrens, 156
obtusifolium, 156
polycephalum, 156
uliginosum, 156
Goat’s beard, 148
Gold thread, 95
Goldenrod, blue-stemmed, 151
broad-leaved, 152
Canada, 153
cut-leaved, 152
early, 152
elm-leaved, 152
field, 153
hairy, 152
narrow-leaved, 153
rough, 152
rough-leaved, 152
smooth, 152
stout ragged, 151
white, 152
Goodyera pubescens, 82
repens, 82
Gooseberry round-leaved, 104
Gooseberry, wild, 104
, Goosefoot, maple-leaved, 91]
oak-leaved, 91
Gramineae, 55-66
Grape, chicken, 120
frost, 120
summer, 120
sweet-scented, 120
Grape fern, cut-leaved, 48
oblique, 48
Grass, barnyard, 56
blue, English, 63
Kentucky, 63
blue-eyed, pointed, 81
stout, 81
blue-joint, 61
bottle brush, 66
broom, beard, 55
canary, 58
cord, fresh-water, 62
cotton, tall, 68
Virginia, 68
crab, large, 56
small, 56
creeping bent, 60
dog-tail, 63
Eaton’s, 62
forked bearded, 56
| hair, rough, 61
| tufted, 61
| wavy, 61
| Herd’s, 60
| Hungarian, 58
Indian, 56
June, 63
manna, floating, 64
nerved, 64
| northern, 64
pale, 64
sharp-scaled, 64
tall, 64
meadow, fowl, 63
grove, 63
roughish, 63
soft, 61
nut, yellow, 67
oat, 61
wild, 61
flattened. 62
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
Grass, orenard, 63
pigeon, 58
poverty, 59
quack, 66
rattlesnake, 64
reed, canary, 58
Nuttall’s, 61
wood, 60
slender, 60
rice cut, 58
rush, sheathed, 60
rye, 65
Italian, 65
spear, low, 63
_ weak, 63
squirrel tail, 66
star, 80
water, 76
sweet vernal, 58
switch, 57
terrell, 66
thin, 61
velvet, 61
wheat, awned, 66
white, 58
wire, 63
witch, 58
wool, 68
Gratiola virginiana, 142
Gravelroot, 151
Green dragon, 76
Gromwell, corn, 136
Grossulariaceae, 104
Ground nut, 114,125
Ground pine, 52
Gyrostachys cernua, 82
gracilis, 82
Habenaria clavellata, 82
hookeriana, 82
lacera, 82
orbiculata, 81
psycodes, 82
tridentata, 82
Hackberry, 87
Haloragidaceae, 125
Hamamelidaceae, 105
Hamamelis virginiana, 105
Hardback, 105
Harebell, 147
| Hawkweed, Canada, 150
| Helianthemum canadense, 121
orange, 149
panicled, 150
rough, 150
Hawthorn, 110
Heal-all, 137
Hedeoma pulegioides, 139
Helenium autumnale, 158
Helianthus annuus, 157
decapetalus, 157
divaricatus, 157
giganteus, 33
strumosus, 157
tuberosus, 157
_ Heliopsis helianthoides, 156
laevis, 156
Hellebore, 78
Helotium scutula vitellinum, 31
Helvella ambigua, 30
Hemerocallis fulva, 78
| Hemlock, 53
ground, 53
poison, 127
water, 127 -
bulb-bearing, 127
_ Hemp, 87
Indian, 133
| Hemp nettle, 138
| Henbit, 138
|
|
Hepatica acuta, 97
acutiloba, 97
hepatica, 96
triloba, 96
Heracleum lanatum, 126
Herb robert, 115
Herd’s grass, 60
| Hesperis matronalis, 103
| Heteranthera dubia. 76
graminea, 76
| Hibiscus trionum, 121
| Hickory, shellbark, 83
small-fruited, 84
white-heart, 84
Hicoria alba. 84
glabra, 84
microcarpa, 84
minima, 83
ovata. 83
=]
178 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Hieracium aurantiacum, 149
canadense, 150
paniculatum, 150
praealtum, 150
scabrum, 150
venosum, 150
Hippocastanaceae, 119
Hoarhound, cut-leaved water, 139
Hobblebush, 145
Hogweed, 151
Holcus lanatus, 61
Holly. mountain, 118
Homalocenchrus oryzoides, 58
virginicus, 58
Honewort, 127
Honey locust, 111
Honeysuckle, bush, 147
fly, 147
glaucous, 146
Tartarian bush, 147
Hop, 87
Hordeum jubatum, 66
Hornwort, 95
Horse-chesnut, 119
Horse radish,7101
Horsetail, field, 52
swamp, 52
wood, 52
Horseweed, 155
Hound’s-tongue, 135
Houstonia coerulea, 145
Huckleberry, black, 130
Humulus lupulus, 87
Hydrocotyle americana, 127
Hydrophyllaceae, 135
Hydrophyllum canadense, 135
virginicum, 135
Hygrophorus, blushing, 41-42
explanation of plate,*162
reddish, 23
explanation of plate, 160
Hygrophorus capreolarius, 37
pecki, 23
pudorinus, 41-42
explanation of plate, 162
subrufescens, 23
explanation of plate, 160
Hypericaceae, 121
Hypericum ascyron, 121
|
|
Hypericum boreale, 18
canadense, 121
ellipticum, 121
maculatum, 121
mutilum, 121
perforatum, 121
Hypholoma subaquilum, 38
sublateritium squamosum., 38
Hypnum lindbergi, 21
Hypochaeris radicata, 19
Hypoxis erecta, 80
hirsuta, 80
Hyssop, clammy hedge, 142
giant, 137
Hystrix hystrix, 66
Ilex verticillata, 118
Ilicaceae, 118
Ilicioides mucronata, 118
Ilysanthes gratioloides, 142
riparia, 142
Impatiens aurea, 119
biflora, 119
fulva, 119
pallida, 119
Indian bean, 144
Indian cucumber root, 80
Indian grass, 56
Indian hemp, 133
Indian physic, 105
Indian pipe, 129
Indian plantain, sweet-scented,7159
Indian poke, 78
Indian tobacco, 148
Indian turnip, 76
Innocence, 145
Tnula helenium, 156
Ipomoea purpurea, 134
Tridaceae, 81
Tris versicolor, 81
Ironwood, 86
Isnardia palustris, 124
Tsoetaceae, 53
Isoetes engelmanni, 53
gracilis, 53
Ivy, American, 120
ground, 137
Kenilworth, 141
poison, 117
Ixophorus glaucus,'58
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
Txophorus italicus, 58
viridis, 58
Jack-in-the-pulpit, 76
Jacob’s ladder, 135
Jerusalem artichoke, 157
Jerusalem oak, 91
Jimson weed, 141
Juglandacea, 83-84
Juglans cinerea, 83
nigra, 83
Juncaceae, 77
Juncoides campestre, 77
pilosum, 77
Juncus acuminatus, 77
bufonius, 77
canadensis, 77
brevicaudatus, 77
var. coarctatus, 77
var. longicaudatus,\77
effusus, 77
nodosus, 77
tenuis, 77
Juneberry, 109
low, 109
Kalmia glauca, 130
latifolia, 129
King devil, 150
Kinnikinick, 128
Kneiffia fruticosa, 124
longipedicellata, 18
pumila, 32, 124
Knotgrass, 90
Knotweed, erect, 90
Virginia, 90
Koeleria, 63
cristata, 63
Koellia flexuosa, 139
ineana, 139
virginiana, 139
Labiatae, 137-40
Lachnum inquilinum, 31
Lactarius, eye-spot, 37
explanation of plate, 163
sweet, 438-45
explanation of plate, 163
yellowish, 43
explanation of plate, 162
Lactarius luteolus, 23, 43
explanation of plate, 162
Lactarius subdulcis, 43-45
explanation of plate, 163
oculatus, 37
explanation of plate, 163
Lactuca acuminata, 149
canadensis, 149
leucophaea, 149
spicata, 149
villosa, 149
virosa, 18,149
Ladies’ tresses, nodding, 82
slender, 82
Lady’s slipper, stemless, 81
yellow, large, 81
small, 81
Lady’s thumb, 89
Lamium amplexicaule, 138
maculatum, 138
Laportea canadensis, 88
Lappula virginiana, 136
Larkspur, field, 96
Lathyrus ochroleucus, 114
Lauraceae, 98-99
Laurel, mountain, 129
pale, 130
Leafcup, small-flowered, 156
Leather leaf, 130
Leek, wild, 78
Leersia oryzoides, 58
virginica, 58
Legouzia perfoliata, 148
Lemna minor, 76
Lemnaceae, 76
Lentibulariaceae, 144
Leonurus cardiaca, 138
Lepidium apetalum, 100
campestre, 99
ruderale, 32
sativum, 100
virginicum, 32,100
Leptamnium virginianum, 144
Leptandra virginica, 143
Leptilon canadense, 155
Leptonia hortensis, 26
Leptorchis loeselii, 83
Leptosphaeria variegata, 31
Lespedeza capitata, 114
frutescens, 114
hirta, 114
polystachya, 114
179
180 NEW YORK
Lespedeza procumbens, 113
stuvel var. intermedia, 114
violacea, 113
Lettuce, blue, 149
tall, 149
tall, 149
prickly, 149
white, 150
tall, 150
Licea variabilis, 28
Liferoot, 159
Ligustrum vulgare, 133
Lilae, 132
Liliaceae, 78-79
Lilium canadense, 34, 79
philadelphicum, 78
superbum, 79
Lily, Canada, 79
day, 78
pond, large yellow, 95
small yellow, 95
Turk’s cap, 79
water, sweet-scented white, 95
wood, 78
Lily of the valley, false, 79
Limnorchis huronensis, 20
media, 20
Limodorum tuberosum, 83
Linaceae, 115
Linaria cymbalaria, 141
linaria, 141
vulgaris, 141
Linden, American, 120
Lindera benzoin, 99
Linnaea borealis, 146
Linum usitatissimum, 115
virginianum, 115
Liochlaena lanceolata, 21
Lion’s foot, 150
Liparis loeselii, 83
Liriodendron tulipifera, 95
Lithospermum arvense, 136
Live forever, 103
Liverleaf, round-lobed, 96
sharp-lobed, 97
Lobelia, great, 148 °
spiked, 148
Lobelia cardinalis, 148
inflata, 148 ~
spicata, 148
syphilitica, 148
STATE MUSEUM
Locust, clammy, 112
Locust tree, 112
Lolium italicum, 65
perenne, 65
Lonicera ciliata, 147
dioica, 146
glauca, 146
| tatarica, 147
Loosestrife, bulb-bearing, 132
fringed, 132
tufted, 132
whorled, 131
Lophanthus scrophulariaefolius 137
_ Lopseed, 144
Lousewort, 144
Love vine, 135
Lucerne, 111
Ludwigia palustris, 124
Lungwort, 136
Lupine, wild, 111
Lupinus perennis, 111
Luzula campestris, 77
vernalis, 77
Lychnis githago, 92
Lycium vulgare, 141
Lycopodiaceae, 52-53
_ Lycopodium annotinum, 52
chamaecyparissus, 53
clavatum, 52
complanatum, 52
lucidulum, 52
obscurum, 52
Lycopsis arvensis, 136
Lycopus americanus, 139
communis, 20
sinuatus, 139
virginicus, 139
_ Lysimachia nummularia 132
quadrifolia, 131
stricta, 132
terrestris, 132
thyrsiflora, 132
Macrosporium lagenariae, 30
Magnolia acuminata, 95
Magnoliaceae, 95
Maianthemum canadense 79
Maidenhair fern, 51
| Mallow, high, 120
Indian, 121
low, 120
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 181
Mallow, musk, 120
Malus coronaria, 109
malus, 109
Malva moschata, 120
rotundifolia, 120
sylvestris, 120
Malvaceae, 120
Mandrake, 98
Manna grass, floating, 64
nerved, 64
northern, 64
pale, 64
sharp-scaled, 64
tall, 64
Maple, hard, 118
mountain, 119
red, 118
rock, 118
silver, 118
soft, 118
striped, 119
sugar, 118
black, 119
Marasmius biformis, 25
insititius, 26
leptopus, 25-26
resinosus niveus, 38
thujinus, 26
tomentosipes, 25-26
Marigold, bur, larger, 157
smaller, 157
marsh, 95
Marsh foxtail, 60
Marsh marigold, 95
Marsh muhlenbergia, 59
Matricaria matricarioides, 19
Matrimony vine, 141
Matteuccia struthiopteris, 49
May apple, 98
Mayflower, 129, 130
Mayweed, 158
Meadow garlic, 78
Meadow grass, fowl, 63
grove, 63
roughish, 63
Meadow rue, early, 98
tall, 98
Meadow soft grass, 61
Meadowsweet, 105
Medeola virginiana, 80
Medic, black, 111
Medicago lupulina, 111
sativa, 111
Meibomia, canadensis, 113
dillenii, 113
grandiflora, 113
marylandica, 113
michauxii, 113
nudiflora, 113
paniculata, 113
| Melampyrum americanum, 144
lineare, 144
Melanospora vervecina, 31-32
Melanthaceae, 78
Melilotus alba, 111
officinalis, 112
Menispermaceae, 98
Menispermum canadense, 98
Mentha canadensis, 140
citrata, 140
piperita, 140
spicata, 139
viridis, 139
Menyanthaceae, 133
Menyanthes trifoliata, 133
Mercury, three-seeded, 116
Mertensia virginica, 136
Merulius tenuis, 38
Micrampelis lobata, 147
Mignonette, 103
Milfoil, 158
spiked water, 125
Milium effusum, 59
Milkweed, common, 134
four-leaved, 134
swamp, 134
tall, 134
Milkwort, fringed, 116
purple, 116
whorled, 116
| Millet, 57
Italian, 58
wild, 59
Mimulus ringens, 142
Mint, American wild, 140
Bergamot, 140
mountain, hoary, 139
narrow-leaved, 139
Virginia, 139
| Mitella diphylla. 104
182 NEW YORK
Miterwort, 104
false, 104
Mockernut, 84
Moehringia lateriflora, 94
Mollugo verticillata, 92
Monarda clinopodia, 138
didyma, 138
fistulosa, 138
var. rubra, 138
media, 138
Moneywort, 132
Monkey flower, 142
Monotropa uniflora, 129
Monctropaceae, 129
Moonseed, Canada, 98
Moorwort, 130
Moosewood, 119, 124
Moraceae, 87
Morning-glory, 134
Moss, club, 52
shining, 52
stiff, 52
ditch, 55
Motherwort, 138
Mountain rice, black, 59
white-grained, 59
Mugwort, common, 159
Muhlenbergia, marsh, 59
Muhlenbergia diffusa, 59
glomerata, 59
mexicana, 59
racemosa, 59
sylvatica, 59
tenuiflora, 59
willdenovii, 59
Mullen, great, 141
moth, 141
Museari botryoides, 79
Mushrooms, 4, 39-47
Musquash root, 127
Mustard, black, 100
hedge, 100
tower, 102
treacle, 103
wild, 100
Mycena, wrinkled, 22-23
explanation of plate, 161
Mycena rugosoides, 22-23
explanation of plate, 161
Myosotis laxa, 136
STATE MUSEUM
_ Myosotis palustris, 136
Myrica asplenifolia, 84
_ Myricaceae, 84
Myriophyllum humile, 33
spicatum, 125
Myrtle, 133
| Nabalus albus, 150
altissimus, 150
serpentarius, 150
Naiadaceae, 54
Naias, slender, 55
Naias flexilis, 55
Nannyberry, 146
Nasturtium armoracia, 101
officinale, 101
palustre, 101
var. hispidum, 101
sylvestre, 101
Naumbergia thyrsiflora, 132
Nemopanthes fascicularis, 118
Nepeta cataria, 137
glechoma, 137
Nettle, dead, 138
spotted, 138
false, 88
hemp, 138
horse, 140
rough hedge, 138 |
slender, 88
wood, 88
Nicandra physalodes, 140
Nidularia, pulvinata, 39
Nightshade, 140
black, 140
enchanter’s, 125
smaller, 125
Nimble will, 59
Ninebark, 105
Nonesuch, 111
Nuphar advena, 95
kalmianum, 95
Nymphaea advena, 95
kalmiana, 95
odorata, 95
Nymphaeaceae, 94-95
Nyssa sylvatica, 128
Oak, black, 86
bur, 86
chestnut, 87
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
Oak, red, 86
rock, 87
scarlet, 86
serub, 86
scrub chestnut, 87
swamp white, 87
white, 86
yellow, 87
Oakesia sessilifolia, 78
Oat, purple, 61
Oat grass, 61
wild, 61
flattened, 62
Odontia lateritia, 39
Oenothera biennis, 124
fruticosa, 124
pumila, 124
Oleaceae, 132-33
Onagra biennis, 124
Onagraceae, 124-25
Onion, nodding wild, 78
Onoclea sensibilis, 49
struthiopteris, 49
Ophioglossaceae, 48
Opulaster opulifolius, 105
Orache, halberd-leaved, 91
Orchidaceae, 81-83
Orchis, fen, 83
Hooker’s, 82
large round-leaved, 81
purple-fringed, 82
ragged, 82
showy, 81
small green wood, 82
Orchis spectabilis, 81
Origanum vulgare, 34
Ornithogalum umbellatum, 79
Orobanchaceae, 144
Oryzopsis asperifolia, 59
melanocarpa, 59
Osier, red, 128
Osmorrhiza brevistylis, 126
longistylis, 127
Osmunda cinnamomea, 49
claytoniana, 49
regalis, 49
Osmundaceae, 49
Ostrya virginiana, 86
virginica, 86
Oxalidaceae, 115
Oxalis acetosella, 115
corniculata var. stricta, 115
cymosa, 115
stricta, 115
violacea, 115
Oxeye, 156
Oxycoccus macrocarpus, 131
oxycoccus, 131
Oyster plant, 148
Paint brush, 149
Panax quinquefolium, 125
trifolium, 125
Panicularia acutiflora, 64
americana, 64
borealis, 64
canadensis, 64
fluitans, 64
laxa, 64
nervata, 64
pallida, 64
Panicum, agrostislike, 56
forked, 57
hairy, 57
hispid, 57
large-fruited, 57
linear-leaved, 57
Porter’s, 56
slender, 57
spreading, 57
starved, 57
tall, smooth, 57
variable, 57
Panicum agrostidiforme, 56
agrostoides, 56
capillare, 58
clandestinum, 57
commutatum, 57
crus-galli, 56
depauperatum, 57
dichotomum, 57
glabrum, 56
latifolium, 56
linearifolium, 57
macrocarpon, 57
miliaceum, 57
porterianum, 56
proliferum, 57
pubescens, 57
sanguinale, 56
183
184
Panicum virgatum, 57
xanthophysum, 57
Papaver somniferum, 99
Papaveraceae, 99
Papilionaceae, 111-15
Parsnip, cow, 126
meadow, 126
golden, 127
water, 127
wild, 126
Parthenocissus quinquefolia, 120
Pastinaca sativa, 126
Pea, sensitive, 111 |
Peach, 111
Peanut, wild, 114
Pear, choke, 109
Peck, Charles H., acknowledgments
to, 48
Pedicularis canadensis, 144
Penicillium digitatum, 30
pallidofulvum, 30
Pennyroyal, American, 139
Pennywort, marsh, 127
Penthorum sedoides, 103
Pentstemon digitalis, 142
hirsutus, 142
laevigatus var. digitalis, 142
pubescens, 142
Pepper, mild water, 89
Peppergrass, 100
apetalous, 100
wild, 100 |
Pepperidge, 128
Peppermint, 140
Peramium pubescens, 82
repens, 82
ophioides, 82
Periwinkle, 133
Persicaria, Pennsylvania, 89
swamp, 89
water, 89
Peziza violacea, 31
Phalaris arundinacea, 58
canariensis, 58
Phegopteris dryopteris, 51
hexagonoptera, 50
phegopteris, 50
polypodioides, 50
Philotria canadensis, 55
Phleum pratense, 60
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Phlox, garden, 135
wild blue, 135
Phlox divaricata,§135
maculata, 135
paniculata, 135
subulata, 135
Phryma leptostachya,*144
Phrymaceae, 144
Phyllosticta grisea, 29
Physalis heterophylla, 140
ambigua, 34
philadelphica, 140
virginiana, 140
Physalodes physalodes, 140
Physocarpus opulifolius, 105
Phytolacca decandra, 92
Phytolaccaceae, 92
Pigeon grass, 58
| Pigeonberry, 92
Pignut, 84
Pigweed, 91
rough, 91
slender, 91
Pilea pumila, 88
Pimpernel, false, 142
yellow, 126
_ Pimpinella integerrima, 126
_ Pinaceae, 53
_ Pine, Canadian, 53
ground, 52
pitch, 53
prince’s, 129
red, 53
running, 52
white, 53
| Pink, Deptford, 93
grass, 83
ground, 135
moss, 135
Pinus resinosa, 53
rigida, 53
strobus, 53
| Pipsissewa, 129
_ Pitch pine, 53
Pitcher plant, 103
Plantaginaceae, 145
Plantago aristata, 145
halophila, 20
lanceolata, 145
major, 145
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 18
Plantago rugelii, 145
virginica, 145
Plantain, common, 145
downy rattlesnake, 82
dwarf, 145
English, 145
robin’s, 155
Rugel’s, 145
small rattlesnake, 82
sweet-scented Indian, 159
water, 55
Plants, contributors, list of, 10-17
species added to collection, 3,7—10
Platanaceae, 105
Platanus occidentalis, 105
“Plates, explanation of, 160-63
Pleurisy root, 133
Plum, wild red, 110
Poa alsodes, 63
annua, 63
compressa, 63
debilis, 63
flava, 63
pratensis, 63
_ serotina, 63
trivialis, 63
Podophyllum peltatum, 98
Pogonia, rose, 82
Pogonia ophioglossoides, 82
Poison ivy, 117
Poke, 92
Polemoniaceae, 135
Polemonium reptans, 135
Polygala paucifolia, 116
sanguinea, 116
senega, 116
verticillata, 116
viridescens, 116
Polygalaceae, 116
Polygonaceae, 88-90
Polygonatum biflorum, 80
commutatum, 80
giganteum, 80
Polygonum acre, 90
amphibium, 89
arifolium, 90
aviculare, 90
cilinode, 90
convolvulus, 34,90
emersum, 89
OT
_ Polygonum erectum 90
|
hydropiper, 90
hydropiperoides, 89
muhlenbergii, 89
orientale, 90
pennsylvanicum, 89
persicaria, 89
punctatum, 90
sagittatum, 90
scandens, 90
virginianum, 90
| Polymnia canadensis. 156
radiata, 33
Polypodiaceae, 49-52
Polypodium vulgare, 52
Polypody, common, 52
Pomaceae, 108-11
Pond lily, large yellow, 95
small yellow, 95
| Pondweed, clasping-leaved. 54
common floating, 54
curled-leaved, 54
eelgrass, 54
fennel-leaved, 54
long-leaved, 54
Nuttall’s, 54
| Pontederiaceae, 76
| Poplar, Lombardy, 84
white, 84
Poppy, garden, 99
| Populus alba, 84
balsamifera candicans, 84
dilatata, 84
grandidentata, 84
tremuloides, 84
Porter, Thomas C., acknowledgments
to, 48
- Porteranthus trifoliatus, 105
Portulaca oleracea, 92
Portulacaceae, 92
Potamogeton crispus, 54
fluitans, 54
lonchites, 54
natans, 54
nuttallii, 54
pectinatus, 54
pennsylvanicus, 54
perfoliatus. 54
zosteraefolius, 54
Potentilla argentea, 107
186 NEW
Potentilla arguta, 107
canadensis, 107
monspeliensis, 107
norvegica, 107
palustris, 107
pumila, 107
Pottia riparia, 21
Powderhorn, 94
Prenanthes alba, 150
altissuma, 150
serpentaria, 150
Primrose, evening, 124
Primulaceae, 131-32
Prince’s feather, 90
Privet, 133
Prunella vulgaris, 137
Prunus americana, 110
avium, 110
cerasus, 110
pennsylvanica, 110
persica, 111
serotina, 111
virginiana, 111
Pteridophyta, 48-53
Pteris aquilina, 51
Purslane, 92
marsh, 124
milk, 116
Pussly, 92
Pyenanthemum incanum, 139
lanceolatum, 139
linifolium, 139
Pyrola chlorantha, 129
elliptica, 129
rotundifolia, 129
secunda, 129
Pyrolaceae, 129
Pyrus americana, 108
arbutifolia, 109
var. melanocarpa, 109
communis, 109
coronaria, 109
malus, 109
Quack grass, 66
(Quercus acuminata, 87
alba, 86
bicolor, 87
coccinea, 86
var. tinctoria, 86
YORK
STATE MUSEUM
Quercus ilicifolia, 86
macrocarpa, 86
muhlenbergii, 87
nana, 86
platanoides, 87
prinoides, 87
prinus, 87
rubra, 86
velutina, 86
Quillwort, Engelmann’s, 53
Rabbit foot, 112
Racomitrium heterostichum, 21
| Radish, garden, 100
Ragweed, 151
great, 150
_ Ragwort, golden, 159
| Ranunculaceae, 95-98
~ Ranunculus abortivus, 97
acris, 97
fascicularis, 98
flammula var. reptans, 97
hispidus, 98
pennsylvanicus, 97
recurvatus, 97
reptans, 97
sceleratus, 97
septentrionalis, 98
Rape, 100
broom, naked, 144
Raphanus raphanistrum, 32
sativus, 100
_ Raspberry, dwarf, 106
purple flowering, 105
purple wild, 105
wild red, 105
Rattlesnake fern, 48
Rattlesnake root, 150
Rattlesnake weed, 150
| Red robin, 115
_ Redroot, 120
Redtop, 60
false, 63
| Reed canary grass, 58
Reedgrass, Nuttall’s, 61
slender wood, 60
wood, 60
Reseda odorata, 103
Resedaceae, 103
Rhamnaceae, 119
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
Rhamnus alnifolia, 119
cathartica, 119
Rhododendron nudiflorum, 129
Rhus glabra, 117
hirta, 117
radicans, 117
toxicodendron, 117
typhina, 117
venenata, 117
vernix, 117
Rhynchospora macrostachya, 29
Ribes aureum, 104
eynosbati, 104
floridanum, 104
prostratum, 104
rotundifolium, 104
rubrum, 104
Ribgrass, 145
Rice, mountain, black, 59
white-grained, 59
Rice cut grass, 58
Richweed, 88, 140
Robinia pseudacacia, 112
viscosa, 112
Rock cress, hairy, 102
lyre-leaved, 102
smooth, 102
toothed, 102
Rocket, yellow, 101
Roripa armoracia, 101
hispida, 101
nasturtium, 101
palustris, 101
sylvestris, 101
Rosa blanda, 108
carolina, 108
cinnamomea, 108
humilis, 108
lucida, 108
lucida, 108
rubiginosa, 108
Rosaceae, 105-8
Rose, cinnamon, 108
dwarf, 108
smooth, 108
swamp, 108
wild, shining, 108
Rosemary, wild, 130
Rubiaceae, 145
Rubus allegheniensis, 106
Rubus americanus, 106
canadensis, 106
hispidus, 106
| neglectus, 105
nigrobaccus, 106
occidentalis pallidus, 32
odoratus, 105
procumbens, 106
strigosus, 105
triflorus, 106
villosus, 106
frondosus, 106
Rudbeckia hirta,157
laciniata, 157
Rue, early meadow, 98
tall meadow, 98
Rumex acetosella, 88
britannica, 89
crispus, 89
obtusifolius, 89
sanguineus, 89
verticillatus, 88
Running pine, 52
Rush, Canada, 77
chair-maker’s, 68
knotted, 77
May, 68
| narrow-panicled, 77
/ scouring, 52
| sharp-fruited, 77
soft, 77
spike, needle, 67
ovoid, 67
toad, 77
white beaked, 68
wood, common, 77
hairy, 77
wood club, 67
yard, 77
| Rush grass, sheathed, 60
Russula, crusted, 45—46
explanation of plate, 163
Earle’s, 24
explanation of plate, 161
magnificent, 24
explanation of plate, 161
_ Russula crustosa, 45-46
explanation of plate, 163
earlei, 24
explanation of plate, 161
ae
188 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Russula granulata lepiotoides, 37
magnifica, 24
explanation of plate, 161
olivascens, 37
Rutaceae, 116
Rye, wild, glaucous, 66
nodding, 66
slender, 66
Rye grass, 65
Rynchospora alba, 68
Sage, wood, 137
Sagittaria graminea, 55
heterophylla, 55
latifolia, 55
rigida, 55
variabilis, 55
St John’s wort, Canadian, 121
common, 121
corymbed, 121
dwarf, 121
great, 121
marsh, 121
pale, 121
Salicaceae, 84-86
Salix alba vitellina, 85
bebbiana, 85
cordata, 86
discolor, 85
fluviatilis, 85
fragilis, 85
humilis, 85
longifolia, 85
lucida, 85
nigra, 85
rostrata, 85
sericea, 85
tristis, 85
Salsify, 148
Sambucus canadensis, 145
pubens, 145
racemosa, 145
Sandwort, blunt-leaved, 94
thyme-leaved, 94
Sanguinaria canadensis, 99
Sanicle, 126
Sanicula marylandica, 126
Santalaceae, 88
Saponaria officinalis, 93
vaccaria, 93
Sargent, C.£S.£identification of speci-
mens, 5
Sarracenia purpurea, 103
Sarraceniaceae, 103
Sarsaparilla, bristly, 125
wild, 125
Sassafras, 98
officinale, 98
sassafras, 98
Saxifraga pennsylvanica, 103
virginiensis, 104
| Saxifragaceae, 103-4
| Saxifrage, early, 104
golden, 104
swamp, 103
| Seabious, sweet, 155
Scirpus americanus, 68
atrovirens, 68
cyperinus, 68
eriophorum, 68
lacustris, 68
planifolius, 67
polyphyllus, 68
pungens, 68
sylvaticus bissellii, 35
torreyi, 68
Sclerotinia smilacinae, 31
Scouring rush, 52
Scribner, F. Lamson,
ments to, 48
Scrophularia leporella, 141
marylandica, 141
nodosa var. marylandica, 141
Scrophulariaceae, 141-44
Scutellaria galericulata, 137
lateriflora, 137
Secotium warnei, 28
Sedge, awl-fruited, 73
Bailey’s, 69
bent, 72
bladder, 69
bottle, 69
bristle-stalked, 73
bristly, 70
broom, blunt, 75
pointed, 75
broomlike, 75
bur reed, 74
crested, 75
acknowledg-
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902 189
Sedge, cyperuslike, 70
Dewey’s, 75
downy green, 71
drooping, 70
Emmons, 73
fescue, 76
fibrous-rooted, 73
fox, 73
fringed, 71
graceful, 71
gray, 71
Gray’s, 69
hairy-fruited, 70
hay, 75
hirsute, 71
hop, 69
long-beaked, 71
long-stalked, 73
loose-flowered, 72
meadow, 72
Muhlenberg’s, 74
narrow-leaved, 71
necklace, 69
nodding, 71
oval-headed, 74
pale, 72
Pennsylvania, 73
plantain-leaved, 72
porcupine, 69
prickly, lesser, 74
little, 74
pubescent, 73
reflexed, 74
retrorse, 69
river bank, 70
rough, 70
sallow, 69
silvery, 75
slender, 70
slender-stalked, 71
soft-leaved, 74
spreading, 72
stellate, 74
straw, 75
thin-leaved, 74
three-fruited, 75
Tuckerman’s, 69
tussock, 70
twisted, 70
|
Sedge, wood, drooping, 71
slender, 72
woolly, 70
yellow-fruited, 73
Sedum acre, 103
telephium, 103
Seed-bearing plants, 53-160
Self-heal, 137
Senecio aureus, 159
Sericocarpus asteroides, 153
conyzoides, 153
Setaria glauca, 58
italica, 58
viridis, 58
Shad bush, 109
Shagbark, 82
Sheepberry, 146
Shepherd’s purse, 102
_ Shield fern, Boott’s, 50
crested, £0
marginal, 50
marsh, 50
spinulose, 50
Shin leaf, 129
_ Sickle pod, 102
_ Sicyos angulatas, 147
Silene antirrhina, 93
armeria, 93
cucubalus, 92
noctiflora, 93
stellata, 92
vulgaris, 92
Silkweed, 134
Simarubaceae, 116
Sisymbrium, tall, 100
Sisymbrium altissimum, 100
officinale, 100
Sisyrinchium anceps, 81
angustifolium, 81
graminoides, 81
Sium cicutaefolium, 127
Skullcap, mad-dog, 137
marsh, 137
Skunk cabbage, 76
Small, John K., acknowledgments to,
48
| Smartweed, 90
water, 90
Smilaceae, 80
190 NEW
Smilacina racemosa, 79
Smilax herbacea, 80
hispida, 80
Snakehead, 141
Snakeroot, black, 96,126
Seneca, 116
white, 151
Sneezeweed, 158
Snowberry, 146
creeping, 131
Soapwort, 93
Solanaceae, 140-41
Solanum carolinense, 140_
dulecamara, 140
nigrum, 140
Solidago arguta, 152
bicolor, 152
var. concolor, 152
caesia, 151
axillaris, 151
canadensis, 153
flexicaulis, 152
hispida, 152
juncea, 152
lanceolata, 153
latifolia, 152
nemoralis, 153
patula, 152
rugosa, 152
serotina, 152
gigantea, 152
squarrosa, 151
ulmifolia, 152
Solomon’s seal, false, 79
hairy, 80
smooth, 80
Sonchus asper, 149
oleraceus, 149
Sorbus americana, 108
Sorrell, field, 88
sheep, 88
wood, violet, 115
white, 115
yellow, 115
tall, 115):
Sour gum, 128
Sparganiaceae, 54
Sparganium eurycarpum, 54
simplex, 54
YORK STATE MUSEUM
Spartina cynosuroides, 62
Spathyema foetida, 76
Spear grass, low, 63
Spearmint, 139
Spearwort, creeping, 97
Specularia perfoliata, 148
Speedwell, Byzantine, 143
common, 142
corn, 143
marsh, 142
purslane, 143
spiked, 143
thyme-leaved, 142
water, 142
Spergula arvensis, 94
Spermatophyta, 53-160
Spice bush, 99
Spikenard, 125
| Spindle tree, 118
Spiraea salicifolia, 105
tomentosa, 105
Spiranthes cernua, 82
gracilis, 82
Spirodela polyrhiza, 76
Spleenwort, ebony, 51
maidenhair, 51
silvery, 51
Sporobolus longifolius, 35
vaginaeflorus, 60
Sporotrichum poae, 29
Spring beauty, 92
carolina, 92
| Spurge, cypress, 117
flowering, 117
large-spotted, 116
Nicaean, 117
spotted, 116
Spurry, corn, 94
| Squirrel corn, 99
| Stachys aspera, 138
Staphylea trifolia, 118
Staphyleaceae, 118
Star flower, 132
Star grass, 80
water, 76
Star of Bethlehem, 79
Starwort, vernal water, 117
Steeple bush, 105
Steironema ciliatum, 132
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
Stellaria borealis, 94
graminea, 93
longifolia, 93
media, 93
Stenophyllus, hairlike, 67
Stenophyllus capillaris, 67
Stickseed, Virginia, 136
Stick-tight, 158
Stilbum resinaria, 30
Stitchwort, lesser, 93
long-leaved, 93
northern, 94
Stonecrop, ditch, 103
mossy, 103
Stoneroot, 140
Strawberry, 106
barren, 107
wood, American, 106
European, 106
Streptopus roseus, 79
Stropharia siccipes radicata, 37-38
Sugar tree, 87
Sumac, poison, 117
smooth, 117
staghorn, 117
Sundew, round-leaved, 103
Sundrops, common, 124
small, 124
Sunflower, common, 157
rough, 157
thin-leaved, 157
wood, 157
Susquehanna valley, plants of, 47-160
Sweet cicely, hairy, 126
smooth, 127
Sweet flag, 76
Sweet seabious, 155
Sweet william, 93
wild, 135
Sweetbrier, 108
Switch grass, 57
Sycamore, 105
Symphoricarpus racemosus, 146
Symphytum officinale, 136
Symplocarpus foetidus, 76
Synosma suaveolens, 159
Syntherisma linearis, 56
sanguinalis, 56
Syringa vulgaris, 132
191
Tanacetum vulgare, 158
| Tansy, 158
Taraxacum erythrospermum, 149
officinale, 149
taraxacuin, 149
Taxus canadensis, 53
minor, 53
Tea, Appalachian, 146
New Jersey, 120
Oswego, 138
Tear-thumb, arrow-leaved, 90
halberd-leaved, 90
Teasel, card, 147
Tetragonanthus deflexus, 34
Teucrium canadense, 137
Thulesia uniflora, 144
Thalictrum dioicum, 98
polygamum, 98
Thaspium aureum, 126
barbinode, 126
trifoliatum aureum, 126
Thistle, Canada, 160
common bur, 159
field, 159
fragrant, 160
pasture, 160
sow, annual, 149
spiny, 149
swamp, 160
Thorn, cockspur, 110
large-fruited, 110
long-spined, 110
pear, 110
scarlet, 110
Thorns, 4—5
Thoroughwort, 151
Thyme, creeping, 139
Thymeleaceae, 124
Thymus serpyllum, 139
Tiarella cordifolia, 104
Tick trefoil, Dillen’s, 113
naked-flowered, 113
panicled, 113
pointed-leaved, 113
prostrate, 113
showy, 113
small-leaved, smooth, 113
Tilia americana, 120
Tiliaceae, 120
Timothy, 60
192
Tioga county, plants of, 47-160
Toadflax, bastard, 88
yellow, 141 |
Tobacco, Indian, 148
Toothwort, cut-leaved, 102
two-leaved, 102
Tortula ruralis, 21
Touch-me-not, pale, 119
spotted, 119
Tragopogon porrifolius, 148
pratensis, 148
Trailing arbutus, 130
Trailing Christmas green, 52
Tree of heaven, 116
Trefoil, tick, Dillen’s, 113
naked-flowered, 113
panicled, 113
pointed-leaved, 113
prostrate, 113
showy, 113
small-leaved, smooth, 113
Triadenum virginicum, 121
Tricholoma, rooted, 40-41
explanation of plate, 162
subacute, 39-40
explanation of plate, 162
wood, 41
explanation of plate, 162
Tricholoma radicatum, 22, 40-41
explanation of plate, 162
silvaticum, 41
explanation of plate, 162
subacutum, 39-40
explanation of plate, 162
Trichostema dichotomum, 137
Trientalis americana, 132
Trifolium agrarium, 112
arvense, 112
hybridum, 112
incarnatum, 112
pratense, 112
procumbens, 112
repens, 112
Trillium erectum, 80
erythrocarpum, 80
grandiflorum, 80
undulatum, 80
Triosteum perfoliatum, 146
Trumpetweed, 151
Tsuga canadensis, 53
NEW YORK
STATE MUSEUM
— Tulip tree, 95
Tumble weed, 92
Turk’s cap lily, 79
Turnip, 100
Tussilago farfara, 159
Twin flower, 146
| Twisted stalk, sessile-leaved. 79
Tylostoma poculatum, 28
punctatum, 28
Typha latifolia, 54
Typhaceae, 54
Ulmaceae, 87
Ulmus americana, 87
fulva, 87
racemosa, 87
Umbelliferae, 126
Unifolium canadense, 79
Urtica gracilis, 88
Urticaceae, 88
Urticastrum divaricatum, 88
Utricularia vulgaris, 144
Uvularia grandiflora, 78
perfoliata, 78
sessilifolia, 78
Vaccaria vaccaria, 93
Vacciniaceae, 130-31
Vaccinium atrococcum, 130
corymbosum, 130
var. atrococcum, 130.
macrocarpon, 131
nigrum, 131
oxycoccus, 131
pennsylvanicum, 131
var. nigrum, 131
stamineum, 131
vacillans, 131
Vagnera racemosa, 79
Valerian, Greek, 135
Valerianaceae, 147
Valerianella chenopodifolia, 147
radiata, 147
| Vallisneria spiralis, 55
| Vallisneriaceae, 55
Velvet leaf, 121
Venus looking glass, 148
Veratrum viride, 78
Verbascum blattaria, 141
thapsus, 141
Verbena hastata, 33, 137
INDEX TO REPORT
Verbena urticifolia, 136
Verbenaceae, 136-37
Vernal grass, sweet, 58
Veronica americana, 142
anagallis, 142
anagallis-aquatica, 142
arvensis, 143
buxbaumii, 143
byzantina, 143
officinalis, 142
peregrina, 143
scutellata, 142
serpyllifolia, 142
spicata, 143
virginica, 143
Vervain, blue, 137
white, 136
Vetch, American, 114
Carolina, 114
tufted, 114
Vetchling, cream-colored, 114
Viburnum acerifolium, 146
alnifolium, 145
cassinoides, 146
dentatum, 146
lantanoides, 145
lentago, 146
opulus, 146
pubescens, 146
Vicia americana, 114
angustifolia, 18
caroliniana, 114
eracca, 114
Vinea minor, 133
Viola blanda, 123
amoena, 123
var. palustriformis, 123
canadensis, 123
canina var. muhlenbergii, 123
cucullata, 122
domestica, 122
labradorica, 123
obliqua, 122
ovata, 122
palmata, 122
var. cucullata, 122
papilionacea, 122
domestica, 32
pubescens, 123
var. scabriuscula, 123
OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1902
| Viola rostrata, 123
| rotundifolia, 123
| sagittata, 122
seabriuscula, 123
sororia, 122
striata, 123
villosa, 122
| Violaceae, 122-23
Violet, arrow-leaved, 122
blue, common, 122
early, 122
marsh, 122
woolly, 122
Canada, 123
| dames, 103
| dog, 123
false, 106
hooded, 122
long-spurred, 123
ovate-leaved, 122
pale, 123
round-leaved, 123
southern wood, 122
striped, 123
sweet white, 123
yard, 122
yellow, hairy, 123
smooth, 123
| Virginia creeper, 120
_ Virgin’s bower, 97
| _ purple, 97
Vitaceae, 120
_ Vitis aestivalis, 120
cordifolia, 120
vulpina, 120
| Wake-robin, ill scented, 80
large-flowered, 80
painted, 80
| Waldsteinia fragarioides, 107
Walnut, black, 83
white, 83
Washingtonia claytoni, 126
longistylis, 127
Water arum, 76
Water carpet, 104
Water cress, 101
creeping yellow, 101
marsh, 101
193
| Water lily, sweet-scented white, 95
Water target, 94
194
Waterleal, broad-leaved, 135
Virginia, 135
Whitewood, 95 |
Willow, beaked, 85
black, 85
brittle, 85
erack, 85
dwarf gray, 85
glaucous, 85
heart-leaved, 86
prairie, 85
pussy, 85
sandbar, 85
shining, 85
silky, 85
water, 144
white, 85
Willow-herb, great, 124
linear-leaved, 124
northern, 124
purple-leaved, 124
Windflower, 96
Winter berry, 118
Wintergreen, 130
flowering, 116
greenish-flowered, 129
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Wintergreen, one-sided, 129
round-leaved, 129
spotted, 129
Witch grass, 58
Witch hazel, 105
Withe-rod, 146
Wood sorrel, violet, 115
white, 115
vellow, 115
tall, 115
Woodwardia virginica, 51
Wormwood, 158
Xanthium canadense, 33, 151]
commune, 19
strumarium, 151
Xanthoxylum americanum 116
Xolisma ligustrina, 130
Yam root, wild, 81
_ Yarrow, 158
Yew, American, 53
Zannichellia, 55
palustris, 55
Zizia aurea, 127
cordata, 127
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49th, 51st and 52d _ reports of the state botanist.
5 Clarke, J: M.& Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and
Fauna of New York State /n press
6 Clarke, J: M Naples Fauna in Western New York. Jn press.
Felt, EK. P. Insects affecting Park and Woodland Trees. ln
preparation.
Pee a ee of New York. 30v. il. pl. maps. Q. Albany,
1842-
. DIVISION ; ZOOLOGY. DeKay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The New
York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto ob-
served within the State of New York with brief notices of those occasionally
found near its borders, and accompanied by appropriate illustrations.
Sv. il. pl. maps. sq.Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print.
Historical introduction to the series by Gov. W: H. Seward. 17§p.
1 ptl Mammalia. 13-++-146p. 83pl. 1812.
300 copies with hand-colored plates
2 pt2 Birds. 12+380p. 141pl 1844.
Colored plates. | ae .
4 pts Meptiles and Amphibia. 7+-UJ8p.. pt4 Fishes. 15-+415p. 1842.
pt8-! bound together. 2 ate F /
4 Plates to accompany v.3. Reptiles and Amphibia 28pl. Fishes 79pl. 1842.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.
5 pts Mollusca. 4+27!p.40pl pt6 Crustacea. Tp. 13pl. 1843-44.
Hand-colored plates : pt5-6 bound together.
DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York ; comprising
full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hitherto discovered
in the State, with remarks on their economical and medical properties. 2y. il.
pl. sq. Q. Albany 1843. Owt of print. :
v. 1 Flora of the State of New York. 12+-4184n. 72p]. 1818.
300 copies with hand-colored plates. e
v. 2 Flora of the state of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.
DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York ; comprising
detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State of ‘New York,
and notices of. their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pi. sq. Q. Albany
1812. Out of print. .
v. 1 ptl Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 244536p. 1842.
8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text.
DIVISION 4 meres Mather, W: W.; Itmmons, Ebenezer ; YVanuxem, I.ardper
& Hall, James. Geology of New York. 4yv. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1842-43:
Out of ‘print.
v.1ptl Mather, W: W. First Geological District. 37-+-653p. 4@pl. 1843. — -
v. 2 pt2 ee a i enezer. Second Geological District. 10+4387p. 17pl. 1842.
v.83 pts Vanuxem, Lardner, Third: Geological District. 306p. 1842.
v.4pt4 Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22+683p. Map and 19pl.
1843.
DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York; com-
prising an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the
soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological formations,
together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agriculturai produc-
tions of the State. 5v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 184 -54. Out of print.
v. . Soils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11-+-371p. 21pl.
1846.
tie Sy SS
University of the State of New York
v.2 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+348+46p. 42pl. 1849.
With hand-colored plates.
v.3 Fruits, etc. 8+340p. 1851.
v.4 Plates to accompany v. 3. 95pl. 1851.
Hand-colored.
v.5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8+272p. 50pl. 1854.
With hand-colored plates. *
DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York. §8v. il.
pl. sq.Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth.
y.1 Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System. 238-+38388p.
99pl. 1847. Out of print.
v.2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System.
8-4362p. 104pl. 1852. Out of print.
y.3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sand-
stone. ptl, text. 12+5382p. 1859. [$3.50]
pt2, 148pl. 1861. [$2.50]
v.4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Che-
mung Groups. 11-+-1+428p. 99pl. 1867. $2.50.
v.5 ptl Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton
and Chemung Groups. 18+-268p. 45pl. 1884. $2.50.
Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upnet Helderberg, Hamilton,
Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 5ipl. 1885. $2.50.
—pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v.1, text. 15+492p.
v. 2,120pl. $2.50 for 2 v.
v.6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamilton
Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50.
v. 7 ‘Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oriskany, Upper Helderberg, Hamil-
ton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 644236p. 46pl. 1888. . Cont.
supplement to v. 5, pt2. Pteropoda, Cephalopoda and Annelida, 42p. 18pl.
1883. $2.50.
v. 8 pti. Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachiopoda.
16-+-367p. 44pl. 1892. $2.50.
—— pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+394p. S4pl. 1894. $2.50.
Museum handbooks 1893-date. 744x12% cm.
In quantities, 1° cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid. as
below.
H5 New York State Museum. 14p. il. 2c.
Outlines history and work of the museum; with list of staff and scientific
publications, 1893. Nev edition in press.
H13 Paleontology. 8p. 2c.
Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition ;
Relation to biology ; Relation to stratigraphy ; History of paleontology in New
York.
Hi5 Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York.
120p. 8c.
Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks,
prepared specially for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint
themselves more intimately with the classic rocks ofthis State.
H16 Entomology. 16p. 2c.
H17 Economic Geology. /nx preparation.
H18 Insecticides and Fungicides. 20p. 3c.
Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Keck of the State
of New York; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th
Museum report, v. 1. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to 1 inch.
Separate edition out of print.
Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch.
In atlas form $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 60c.
The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange,
Dutchess, Putnam, Westchester, New York, ‘Richmond, Kings, Queens and
Nassau counties, and parts of Sullivan, Ulster and Suffolk ‘counties ; also north-
eastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut.
] we
Published monthly by the
University of the State of New York
BULLETIN 313 1904
‘
New York State Museum
Cuarwes H. Peck State Botanist
Bulletin 75 ~
BOTANY 7
/
6" |
‘REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903
?
PAGE PAGE
Je The Lo): ee 3 | F New York species of Cratae-
A Plants added to the herbari- HATS SR AS 0 pre Son. 35
UITES eye OR arama sy sha iste es 7 | G Supplementary list of plants
*B Contributors and their con- of Susquehanna Valley.
tEibubions arrose 9 FRANK .E, FENNO: 3... 3277208
.C Species not before reported 12 | Explanation of plates........... 60
D Remarks and observations.. 22 | Plates O, 84-86........... follow 638
B+ Pdible fungiy ..025.. 8.0. pial Bn (cp Se ne i eee. ee 65
ALBANY
,.UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
1904
Mbro4m-F4-2500 : Price 40 cents
University of the State of New York
REGENTS 19038
With years of election
1892 WILLIAM Croswett Doane D.D. LL.D. Chancellor, Albany
1878 WHITELAW REID M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor — New York
1877 CHauncEy M. Depew LL.D. - - _ - New York
1877 CHarRLes E. Fitch LL.B. M.A. L.H.D. - Rochester
1881 WiLL1am H. Watson M.A. LL.D. M.D. - - Utica ©
1881 Henry E. Turner LL.D. - _ - - Lowyville
1883 StCiaiR McKetway M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L. Brooklyn
1885 Danie Beacu Ph.D. LL.D. - - - °-— Watkins
1890 PuLiny T. SExToN LL.D. - - - - - Palmyra
1890 T. GuILFoRD SmitH M.A. C.E. LL.D. - — Buffalo:
1893 Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D. M.D. - - — New York
1895 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M.D. — Albany
1895 CHARLES R. SKINNER,M.A. LL.D.
Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio
1897 CHESTER S. Lorp M.A. LL.D. - _ - - Brooklyn
1900 THomas A. Henprick M.A. LL.D. - - ~ Rochester
1901 BENJAMIN B. OpELL jR LL.D. Governor, ex officio
1901 ROBERT C. PRuyn M.A, - - - _ Albany
‘1902 WILLIAM NotrTincHAM:M.A, Ph.D. LL.D. - Syracuse
1903 FRANK W. Hiccins Lieutenant Governor, ex officio
1903 JOHN F. O’BrIEN Secretary of State, ex officio
1903 CHARLES A. GARDINER LL.B. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. New York
1903 CHARLES S. Francis B.S. _ = _ S/o” Tes
One vacancy
~/ SECRETARY
Elected by Regents
1900 JAMES RUSSELL ARSON jr M.A. LL.D.
ws
DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS
1888 MeELvIL Dewey M.A. LL.D. State Library and Home Education
1890 JAMES RusSSELL Parsons jr M.A. LL.D.
Administrative, College and High School Dep’ ts
890 Freperick J. H. MERRILL Ph.D. State Museum
University of the State of New York
New York State Museum
Frepericx.J. H. Mrerrityt Director
CHARLES H. Peck State Botanist
Bulletin 75
BOTANY 7
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903
To the Regents of the University of the State of New York
I have the honor of submitting to you the following report of
work done in the botanical department of the State Museum
during the past year.
Specimens of plants for the herbarium have been collected in
the counties of Albany, Columbia, Essex, Hamilton, Oswego,
Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie, “Warren and Washington.
Specimens that were collected in the counties of Chautauqua,
Chemung, Essex, Herkimer, Onondago, Ontario, Richmond, Sara-
toga, Schoharie, Seneca, Steuben, Suffolk, Wayne and Westchester
have been received from correspondents.
Specimens collected and contributed represent 193 species. Of
these, 46 are new to the herbarium and 13 are considered new or
undescribed species. Of the 46 species, 35 are from the collections —
of the state botanist, 11 from those of correspondents. Of the
13 species, 12 belong to the collections of the botanist, one to
those of his correspondents. A list of the names of. the species
added to the herbarium is marked A.
A list of the names of contributors and of the names of their
respective contributions is marked B. The number of those who
have contributed specimens is 41. Some of the specimens con-
tributed belong to extralimital species. Some were sent merely
for identification, but if for any reason their preservation seemed
4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
desirable and their condition was satisfactory, they have been pre-
served and credited to the sender as a contribution. The number
of those who have sent specimens for identification is 90, the
number of identifications made is 623.
Names of species added to our flora, with notes concerning
their habitats, localities and time of collection of the specimens,
with descriptions of new species are contained in a part of the
report marked C,
Remarks and observations on species previously reported, new
stations of rare plants, unusual habits and descriptions of new
varieties may be found in a part of the report marked D. .
Specimens of many species of fleshy, corky and coriaceous fungi
are specially subject to the attacks of destructive insects. In
order to attain greater security against these attacks a series of
such specimens representing about 500 species has been placed
in small pasteboard boxes with close fitting covers. These boxes
are in different sizes that they may be suitable for the reception
of specimens of species of different sizes. The dimensions of the
boxes vary in such a way that they present a certain degree of
uniformity when arranged in proper order on the shelves of wall
cases. They are 3x4, 4x6 or 6x8 inches in width and length and
14+ or 24 inches deep. The alphabetic arrangement of the genera
represented by their contents has been adopted to facilitate refer-
ence to them.
The investigation of our mushroom flora has been continued,
but the crop of wild mushrooms has been unusually deficient
and the additions to the herbarium correspondingly small. Still,
a few species have been tested for their edible qualities and found
to be worthy of addition to the list of New York edible species.
Colored figures of these have been prepared and plain descriptions .
of them may be found in a part of the report marked E.
In my last report the general deficiency of the mushroom crop
and the almost total absence of the common mushroom,
Agaricus campester, were recorded and the peculiar
character of the season was assigned as the probable cause. The
season of 1903 has been similar to that of 1902 in its abundance
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 5
of rain and in its prevailing low temperature. It has also been
similar, at least in the eastern part of the State, in its adverse
’ influence on mushroom growth. In some respects its adverse
character seems to have been intensified. Possibly the excessive
drouth in the early part of the season may to some extent be
responsible for this by preventing the development of the my-
celium of some species. In 1895 and 1896 the abundance of the
crop of the common mushroom and of the smooth mushroom was
remarkable. They had then apparently reached their greatest
abundance. In the few following years they appeared in moderate
but diminishing quantity. In 1901 but few were seen in the
vicinity of Albany. In 1902 they were still less in number and
in 1903 I did not see a single specimen of the common mushroom
in the whole region about Albany. This species at least seems
to have reached its lowest point of productiveness. The proba-
bility is that there will now be a gradual return to greater crops
of this mushroom. It is very evident that much moisture,
specially if attended by prevailing low temperature, is not favor-
able to large crops of mushrooms. Probably the most favorable
seasons will be found to be those of moderate rainfall and
medium or rather high temperature, the rains being gentle and
frequent.
Specimens of about 75 species and varieties of edible mush-
rooms have been placed in trays and arranged in table cases for
permanent exhibition. Specimens of species of fungi injurious
to wood have also been placed in table cases, and also species of
parasitic fungi destructive to cultivated and useful plants.
These and samples of wood and bark affected by mycelium of
various wood-destroying fungi constitute an economic collection
of fungi which should be instructive and of popular interest.
The study of the Crataegus flora of the eastern part of the
State has been continued and considerable time devoted to it.
Specimens have been collected in the counties of Albany, Saratoga,
Warren, Essex, Washington, Rensselaer and Columbia. A few
have also been collected in the counties of Hamilton and Scho-
harie, but only a single visit was made to each of these localities,
6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
and therefore the specimens from them are too incomplete to be
satisfactory. These places must be again visited earlier in the -
season in order to get flowering specimens. Those who have made ©
a special study of these trees and shrubs and have recently pub-
lished many new species have given specific value to such charac-
ters as require a very complete set of specimens to make the
identification certain and satisfactory. There are also some
characters that are not well shown by the dried specimens and
in order to make these available notes must be taken of them at
the time the specimens are collected. The number of species
recently described is so great that it seems very probable that
mere varieties and perhaps mere forms have been in some cases
described as species. But error in this direction-may have.a ten-
dency to stimulate closer observation on the part of others in
their efforts to recognize the fine distinctions made and may in the
end be productive of better results than error in the other direc-
tion would be. According to the present understanding of these
plants the number of species of Crataegus added to our flora is
19. They are specially noticed in a part of the report marked F.
A supplementary list of plants of the Susquehanna valley is
marked G. It is composed of the names and annotations of
species detected since the previous list was written and of species
accidentally omitted from that list. It includes about 30 species.
Respectfully submitted
Cuartes H. Peck
Albany, Dec. 2, 1908
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 7
PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM
New to the herbarium
Asarum reflexum Bick.
Aster curvescens Burgess
Crataegus ascendens S.
brainerdi S.
conjuncta S.
contigua S.
delucida S.
dilatata S.
dissona 8S.
egglestoni S.
exclusa S.
flabellata (Spach) Rydb.
gravesii S.
irrasa S.
intricata Lange
lobulata S.
praecoqua NS.
matura S.,
peckii S.
succulenta Lk.
Daphne mezereum LD.
Entoloma griseum Pk.
Geoglossum farlowi Cke.
Haplosporella maclurae #. é B.
erageneaeeeeeaaeaag
Hebeloma socialis Pk.
Hypomyces boletinus Pk.
Hydnum balsameum Pk.
1s macrescens Banker
Inocybe castanea Pk.
Ife excoriata Pk.
lie fallax Pk.
lie serotina Pk.
le squamosodisca Pk
Isaria brachiata (Batsch) Schum.
Iva xanthiifolia (Fres.) Nutt.
Lactarius subvelutinus Pk.
Nardia obovata (Nees)
Oxalis brittonae Small
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
Phacelia dubia (Z.) Small
Phaeopezia retiderma (Cke.) Sace.
Podosphaera leucotricha (H. & EH.)
Salm.
Sarcoscypha rhenana Fckl.
Stereum burtianum Pk.
Tricholoma subluteum Pk.
Ulmaria rubra Hill
Not new to the herbarium
Agaricus arvensis Schaeff.
Agrostemma githago LD.
Agastache scrophulariaefolia
(Willd.)~
Agrostis perennans ( Walt.) Tuckm.
Allium canadense LD.
A, vineale L.
Alsine graminea (L.) Britton
Althaea rosea Cav.
Amelanchier botryapium (ZL. f.) DC.
A. rotundifolia (Mz.)
Roem.
Antennaria parlinii Fern.
A. plantaginea R. Br.
Arcyria punicea Pers.
Aster rose. variifolius Pk.
A. undulatus Z.
Berberis vulgaris LD.
Bidens cernua LD.
Boletus americanus Pk.
B. chry. albocarneus Pk.
Be elbensis Pk.
B. luridus Schaeff.
B. piperatus Bull.
B. rubinellus Pk.
Bromus tectorum JD.
Cantharellus cibarius Fr.
C. infundibuliformis
(Scop.) Fr.
C. > tubaeformis Fr.
Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl.
Collybia acervata Fr.
C. familia Pk.
C. velutipes Curt.
8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Claudopus nidulans (Pers.) Pk.
Clavaria inaequalis Mull.
C. krombholzii Fr.
Conium maculatum LD.
Coprinus micaceus Fr.
Cornus candidissima Marsh.
C. stolonifera Mz.
Cortinarius amarus Pk.
C. canescens Pk.
C. cinnabarinus Fr.
C. rigidus Fr.
C: uliginosus Berk.
Craterellus clavatus (Pers.) Fr.
Crataegus champlainensis S.
coccinea L.
crus-galli ZL.
holmesiana Ashe
macracantha Lodd.
modesta S.
oxyacantha LD.
pringlei S.
pruinosa Wend.
punctata Jacq.
Dalibarda repens LZ.
Daucus carota JD.
Hehium vulgare LZ. x
Entoloma grayanum Pk.
HKuonymus obovatus Nutt.
Fomes fomentarius (Z.) Fr.
102 igniarius: (Z.) Fr.
10, pinicola Fr.
Galera lateritia Fr.
Galium mollugo ZL.
G. tinctorium LD.
Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.
Gratiola virginiana L.
Heliopsis helianthoides (Z.) B. S. P.
Helvella ambigua Karst.
Hirneola auricula-judae (Z.) Berk.
Hydnum coralloides Scop.
elietoliel el c\ elle
18h grav. subzonatum Pk.
Hygrophorus capreolaris Kalchb.
Jel pudorinus Fr.
Hypericum arcyron LD.
Hypholoma capnoides F'r.
18k subaquilum Bann.
Hypocrea fungicola Karst.
Lactarius affinis Ph.
L. - deliciosus F'r.
L. glyciosmus Fr.
Lactarius subd. oculatus Pk.
L. vellereus Fr.
Lenzites sepiaria Fr.
Lepiota amianthina Scop.
Lychnis alba Mill.
Lycoperdon perlatum Pers.
Lycopodium clavatum LD.
L. obscurum ZL.
Marasmius scorodonius F'r.
Matricaria matricarioides
Porter
Meibomia bracteosa (Mz.) Kuntze
Melilotus officinalis (Z.) Lam.
Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray
Mycena galericulata (Scop.) Fr.
Myosotis laxa Lehm.
Myrica gale DL.
Osmunda regalis ZL.
Otidea onotica (Pers.) Fckl.
Pinus echinata Mill.
124 strobus LZ.
Pleurotus porrigens Pers.
Polyporus cuticularis (Bull.) Fr.
(Less.)
12 picipes Fr.
Polystictus abietinus Fr.
184 hirsutus Fr.
1 Be perennis (Z.) Fr.
Protomyces erythronii Pk.
Puccinia suaveolens (Pers.) Rostr.
Ribes floridum L’Her.
R. rubrum ZL.
Rubus canadensis L.
13%, nigrobaccus Bail.
R. occid. pallidus Bail.
Russula furcata (Pers.) Fr.
Re dens. paxilloides Pk.
Re flaviceps Pk.
R. fragilis (Pers.) Fr.
R. purpurina Q. € S.
Salix discolor Muhl.
S. fragilis D.
Sanicula gregaria Bick.
Scirpus atrocinctus Fern.
Ss. atrovirens Muhl.
S. pedicellatus Fern.
Septoria rhoina B. & C.
Sisymbrium altissimum JL.
Solidago canadensis Z.
Spiraea salicifolia Z.
Stropharia depilata (Pers.) Fr.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903
Symphytum officinale L. Uvularia sessilifolia L.
Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst. Valerianella radiata (£.) Dufour
Thelephora palmata (Scop.) Fr. Verbena angustifolia Wz.
Thymus serpyllum LD. Viola blanda Willd.
Tragopogon pratensis L. VG cucullata Ait.
Tricholoma sejunctum Sow. Vi: labradorica Schrank
Ate subacutum Pk. Wo rotundifolia Ma.
re: vaccinum (Pers.) Fr. Vv. selkirkii Pursh
Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung.
B
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS *
Mrs E. G. Britton, New York
Anomodon attenuatus Hueben. Hypnum triquetrum L.
A. apiculatus B. & S. Homalia gracilis James
Bryum nutans Schreb. Leptotrichum pallidum Hampe
Buxbaumia aphylla LZ. Leucodon brachypus Brid.
Cephalozia curvifolia Dumort. Mnium aff. ciliare C. & M.
Collema plicatile Ach. M. - cuspidatum Hedw.
Cylindrothecium seductrix Swill. M. medium B. & 8S.
Dicranum flagellare Hedw. Philonotis fontana Brid.
D. viride Schp. Platygyrium repens B. & S.
Grimmia apocarpa Hedw. Polytrichum juniperinum Willd.
Hypnum brevirostre Ehrh. Porella platyphylla Lindb.
He chrysophyllum Brid. Pylaisaea polyantha B. & 8S.
H. imponens Hedw. 128 velutina B. € 8.
lek lindbergii Limpt. Sphagnum cymbifolium ELarh.
18 novae-angliae S. é L. Trichostomum brey. holtii Dizon
Ee proliferum LD. Ulota crispa Brid.
H. schreberi Willd. Weisia viridula Brid.
Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton
Mrs H. C. Davis, Falmouth Me.
Lysimachia vulgaris L.
Mrs M. S. De Coster, Little Falls
Daphne mezereum LD.
Mrs P. H. Dudley, New York
Carex stricta Lam. (Culms and leaves)
Mrs L. L. Goodrich, Syracuse
Phacelia dubia (Z.) Small
Miss M. Hope, Seattle Wash.
Pseudotsuga mucronata Carr. (Piece of bark)
Mrs M. A. Knickerbocker, San Francisco Cal.
Arbutus menziesii Pursh Umbellularia californica Nutt.
Quercus dumosa Nutt. Rhamnus californica Hschs.
Tumion californicum Greene
Miss J. A. Moses, Jamestown
Viola rotundifolia Mz.
10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Miss E. §. Thomas, Schoharie
Craterellus clavatus (Pers.) Fr.
J. C. Arthur, Lafayette Ind.
Phragmidium speciosum Fr. Uromyces acuminatus Arth.
Puccinia amphigena Diet. Puccinia eleocharidis Arth.
Ravenelia portoricensis Arth.
H. J. Banker, California Pa.
Craterellus dubius Pk.
W. C. Barbour, Sayre Pa.
Corticium salicinum Fr. ; Irpex paradoxus (Schrad.) Fr.
Dasystypha virginea (Batsch) Fckl. | Isaria brachiata (Batsch) Schum.
Fuligo violacea Pers. | Xylaria grandis Pk.
F. J. Braendle, Washington D.C.
Amanitopsis vaginata (Bull.) Roze Flammula spumosa Fr.
Clitocybe virens (Scop.) Fr. Lachnea hemisphaerica (Wigg.) Gill.
Collybia strictipes Pk. | Pholiota lutea Pk.
C. tort. setipes Pk. | Thelephora vialis Schww.
E. Bartholomew, Rockport Kan.
Tylostoma mammosum (Mich.) Fr. | Pluteus longistriatus Ph.
is poculatum White
S. H. Burnham, Vaughns
Asarum refiexum Bick. Paspalum muhlenbergii Nash
Aster curvescens Burgess Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
Oxalis brittonae Small Xanthium commune Britton
G. D. Cornell, Cooper’s Plains
Hydrangea arborescens L. | Lilium superbum Z.
J. Dearness, London Ont.
Diaporthe microstroma #. & H. Hemitrichia vesparium (Batsch)
D. velata Pers. Lycogala exiguum Morg.
Dichomera prunicola #. & D. Trichia incarnata Pers.
W. G. Farlow, Cambridge Mass.
Nardia obovata Nees
F, E. Fenno, Nichols
Carex flava D. | Verbena angustifolia Mz.
Salix myrtilloides Z. Woodwardia virginica (Z.) Sm.
A. 0. Garratt, Salt Lake City Utah
Puccinia calochorti Pk. ' | Puccinia plumbaria Pk.
C. Gramesly, Charleston Ill.
Agaricus abruptus Pk.
N. M. Glatfelter, St Louis Mo.
Flammula eccentrica Pk. Pholiota autumnalis Pk.
Galera capillaripes Pk. Russula luteobasis Pk.
Hypholoma ornellum Pi R: pusilla Pk.
Lactarius subvelutinus Pk Tricholoma viscosum Pk.
Pholiota detersibilis Pk.
aE oe: |
_-—
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 ‘L
L. W. Hahn, Silver Creek
Huonymus obovatus Nuit.
Cc. C. Hanmer, East Hartford Ct.
Geoglossum farlowi Cke.
~W. Herriot, Galt Ont. ;
Bromus cil. laeviglumis Scrib. | Panicum lanuginosum £1U.
R. B. Hough, Lowville
Pinus echinata Mill.
F. G. Howland, Saratoga
Collybia velutipes Curt.
R. B. Mackintosh, Peabody Mass.
Clitocybe cerussata Fr. | Tricholoma grammopodium (Bull.)
Deconica bryophila Pk. | YY ie
Pleurotus petaloides (Buwil.) Fr.
C. McIlvaine, Cambridge Md.
Hypomyces viridis (A. € 8S.) Karst. | Phytophthora phaseoli Thaz.
Panaeolus epimyces Pk.
W. S. Moffatt, Chicago IIl..
Clitocybe piceina Pk. | Pholiota comosa Fr.
G. E. Morris, Waltham Mass.
Boletinus grisellus Pk. | Lentinus tigrinus Fr.
Boletus parasiticus Bull. Otidea onotica (Pers.) Fckl.
R. 8S. Phifer, Danville Va.
Boletus morgani Pk. | Polyporus curtisii Berk.
5B: caespitosus Pk.
E. B. Sterling, Trenton N. J.
_ Geaster minimus Sch. Agaricus cothurnatus Pk.
= G. pectinatus Pers. 1A. rutilescens Pk.
» G. giovanellae Bres. | A, solidipes Ph.
Catastoma subterraneum (Pk.) Morg. | A. sphaerosporus Pk.
R. H. Stevens, Detroit Mich.
? Helvella stevensii Pk.
F, C. Stewart, Geneva
Haplosporella maclurae H. & B.
D. R. Sumstine, Kittanning Pa.
Dictydiaethalium plumbeum | Podosphaera oxyacanthae DC.
-(Schum.) Puccinia cryptotaeniae Pk.
Lentinus ursinus Fr. | Stropharia squam. aurantiaca Cke.
Merulius tremellosus Schrad. Urnula craterium (Schw.) Fr.
W.E. Warner, Washington D. C.
Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr.
Polyporus cuticularis Fr.
B. C. Williams, Newark
Inocybe serotina Pk.
Amanita radicata Pk.
A. muse, formosa (G. & R.)
12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
J. R. Cushier, New York City
Panaeolus solidipes Pk.
A. Knechtel, Albany
Picea canadensis (Mill.) B. S. P. (Trunk section)
L. H. Watson, Chicago IIl.
Clitocybe piceina Pk.
C
SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED
Asarum reflexum Bick.
Ravines. Williams Bridge, Westchester co. May. S. H. Burn-
ham.
Aster curvescens Burgess.
Woodlawn cemetery, Westchester co. July. S. H. Burnham.
Crataegus ascendens Sarg.
Clayey soil in pastures and borders of woods. North Green-
bush and Rensselaer. May, July and September.
Crataegus brainerdi Sarg.
Rocky places in pastures. Sandlake. May and September.
Crataegus conjuncta Sarg.
Clayey and sandy soil. North Greenbush and in various places
north and northeast of Albany. May, September and October.
Crataegus contigua Sarg.
Shaly soil. Lansingburg. May and September.
Crataegus delucida Sarg.
Clayey hillsides north of Albany. May and September.
Crataegus dilatata Sarg.
Clayey soil, roadsides and pastures. Thompsons Lake, Albany
co. and Gansevoort, Saratoga co. June, July and September.
Crataegus dissona Sarg.
Clayey soil. Near Albany, Rensselaer, Lansingburg, Copake
and Thompsons Lake. May, July and September.
Crataegus egglestoni Sarg.
Rocky places. Crown Point. May, July and September.
Crataegus exclusa Sarg.
Clayey soil. Crown Point. May, July and September.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 13
Crataegus flabellata (Spach) Rydb.
Rocky places near the lake shore. Crown Point. May and Sep-
tember. This is a beautiful species well marked by its deeply
and sharply lobed shining leaves, its 20 stamens with pink
anthers and its globose fruit.
Crataegus gravesii Sarg.
Clayey soil. Albany, North Greenbush and Westport. May,
June, September and October.
Crataegus irrasa Sarg.
Clayey soil. North Greenbush. May, June and September.
Crataegus intricata Lange
Hillsides near Albany and north of Lansingburg. May, June
and September.
Crataegus lobulata Sarg.
Clayey soil. Crown Point. May and September.
Crataegus macracantha Lodd.
Clayey and sandy soil. North Greenbush, Thompsons Lake,
Fort Ann and North Elba. May, June and September. This was
formerly reported as a variety of Crataegus coccinea,
but is now considered a distinct species. The name indicates that
it has long spines, but they are not always conspicuously long. Its
stamens vary in number from 7 to 10 and its anthers are whitish
or pale yellow.
Crataegus matura Sarg.
Rocky or bushy pastures. Gansevoort, Saratoga co. and Lake
Pleasant, Hamilton co. June, August and September.
Crataegus peckii Sarg.
Shaly soil. North of Lansingburg. May and October.
Crataegus praecoqua Sarg.
Clayey soil. Crown Point. May and September. First discov-
ered here by W. W. Eggleston.
Crataegus succulenta Link
Clayey soil. Albany, Albia, Rensselaer co. and Central Bridge,
Schoharie co. May, July and September.
In view of the growing interest in the study of our species of
Crataegus it has been thought best to give descriptions of such
1A. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
of our species as are not described in any of our manuals. These
descriptions and remarks on the genus will be found in another
part of the report.
Daphne mezereum L.
Gravesville, Herkimer co. Mrs M. S. DeCoster. The spurge
laurel or mezereon is an introduced shrub. It is sometimes culti-
vated but escapes from cultivation and grows wild.
Entoloma griseum n. sp.
Pileus fleshy, firm, broadly campanulate or convex, obtuse or
slightly umbonate, glabrous, often irregular, hygrophanous,
grayish brown when moist, paler when dry, flesh whitish, odor
and taste farinaceous; lamellae adnexed, emarginate, with a de-
current tooth, about 2 lines broad, pale pink; stem equal or
Slightly tapering upward, silky fibrillose, pruinose or mealy at
the top, stuffed or hollow, grayish white; spores angular, nearly
as broad as long, .0003 of an inch long.
Pileus 1-5 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 3-5 lines thick.
Under spruce and balsam fir trees. Lake Pleasant. August.
It is closely related to E. grayanum from which it may be
separated by its darker color, more narrow gills and different
_ place of growth.
Euonymus obovatus Nutt.
Woods. Silver creek, Chautauqua co. L. W. Hahn.
This decumbent or trailing shrub was reported by Dr Torrey to
belong to our flora, but he considered it a mere variety of
Euonymus americanus. It is now regarded as a dis-
tinct species differing from the strawberry bush in its smaller
flowers, obtuse and more finely crenulate leaves, earlier time of
flowering and decumbent or trailing mode of growth.
Geoglossum farlowi Cke.
Fishers island, Suffolk co. September. C. C. Hanmer. This
fungus is much like G. hirsutum in external appearance, but
its spores have but three septa.
Haplosporella maclurae E. & B.
Dead stems of wistaria. Geneva. April. F.C. Stewart.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 15
Hebeloma socialis n. sp.
Pileus fleshy but thin, convex, becoming plane or nearly so,
glabrous, slightly viscid when moist, dingy yellowish white, flesh
concolorous, taste nauseous; lamellae thin, close, slightly rounded
behind, adnexed, at first whitish, then yellowish, finally brownish
ferruginous; stem short, fibrous, floccose fibrillose, hollow with a
small cavity, white; spores brownish ferruginous, elliptic, .00025-
0008 of an inch long, .09016-.0002 broad.
Pileus 8-15 lines broad; stem 12-18 lines long, 1.5-8 lines thick.
Closely gregarious or subcespitose. Among short grass in pas-
tures and golf ground. Menands. October. Distinguished from
our other white or whitish species by its peculiar habitat and
mode of growth and by its small spores.
Hypomyces boletinus n. sp.
Perithecia minute, conic or subglobose, closely nestling in a
pallid or whitish subiculum, pale red or orange; asci slender,
linear, .004-.005 of an inch long, scarcely .0003 broad; spores sub-
fusiform, continuous, acuminate or apiculate at one end, .0008-.001
of an inch Jong, .00025 broad.
On some unrecognized decaying boletus, associated with
Sepedonium chrysospermum. It differs from H.
polyporinus, to which it is most closely related, in its
more highly colored perithecia and longer spores, and from
H. boleticola in the color of the subiculum.
Hydnum balsameum n. sp.
Resupinate with a very thin whitish or pallid subiculum ; aculei
mere conic brown points closely scattered but not crowded, giving
to the surface a brown color.
Decorticated wood of balsam fir. North Elba. September. It
sometimes grows on the bark also. .
Hydnum macrescens Banker in lit.
Resupinate, effused, the thin subiculum less than 1 mm thick,
ochraceous, subfarinaceous, specially in the thinner portions and
on the woody substratum, rimose, the margin indeterminate;
mycelium white, arachnoid, spreading in places beyond the subic-
16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ulum; teeth scattered, minute, .1-.25 mm long, .05-.1 mm broad,
obtuse, often forked, colored like the subiculum but paler or white
at the subciliate tips. Growing chiefly on the hymenial surface
of Stereum frustulosum but often spreading over the
substratum of decayed wood. Mt McGregor, Saratoga co. July.
The growth is most vigorous on the surface of the Stereum,
where the subiculum becomes thickest and the teeth most numer-
ous. On the woody substratum the growth is poor, the subiculum is
thin and often the mycelium spreads naked over the surface of the
wood. This has suggested the specific name. The thinning out of
the subiculum indicates that the fungus finds its proper nourish-
ment in the tissues of the Stereum and it is doubtful if it will be
found dissociated from that plant. It appears to be related to
H. sulphurellum Pk. but differs from it in color, in the
indeterminate margin and in the ciliate teeth.
Inocybe castanea n. sp.
PLATE 0, FIG. 1-8
Pileus conic or convex, umbonate, rimose fibrillose, the margin
incurved, dark chestnut brown; lamellae thin, narrow, close,
adnate, whitish or pallid when young, ferruginous brown when
mature; stem equal, hollow, glabrous, slightly pruinose or mealy
at the top; paler than the pileus; often whitened at-the base by
mycelioid tomentum; spores angular, nearly or quite as broad
as long, .00025-.0003 of an inch long and broad; cystidia subfusi-
form, .002-.0024 of an inch long.
Pileus 5-8 lines broad; stem 10-18 lines long, about 1 line thick.
Mossy ground under spruce and balsam fir trees. Lake Pleasant.
August.
This species is very closely related to I. umboninota from
which it may be separated by its smaller size, the chestnut tint of
the cap, its hollow stem and smaller merely angular spores.
Cystidia are more abundant. The species belongs to section
Rimosi.
Inocybe excoriata n. sp.
PLATE 0, Fig. 14-19
Pileus fleshy, broadly conic, soon broadly convex, umbonate,
fibrillose or fibrillose squamulose, somewhat silky or tomentose
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 17
on the margin, grayish brown or pale vandyke brown, the cuticular
surface often cracking and separating in places but remaining on
the disk and sometimes on the margin, flesh white; lamellae nar-
row, close, emarginate, adnexed, decurrent with a tooth, crenu-
late on the edge, white becoming brownish gray ; stem equal, solid,
silky fibrillose, white or whitish without and within; spores yel-
lowish brown (raw umber), elliptic, even, .0003-.0004 of an inch
long, .0002-.00024 broad; cystidia flask shape, .002-.0024 of an
inch long.
Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 2-3 lines thick.
Among fallen leaves in woods. Lake Pleasant. August.
The surface of the pileus cracks longitudinally and therefore
the species belongs to the section Rimosi. The peeling and disap-
pearance of parts of the cuticle suggest the specific name. A
slight whitish webby veil is present in the young plant.
Inocybe fallax n. sp.
PLATE O, FIG. 20-24
Pileus thin, campanulate or convex, umbonate, obscurely fibril-
lose, sometimes minutely and obscurely squamulose, whitish or buff
white, somewhat shining, the margin decurved or incurved, often
splitting; lamellae thin, close, rounded behind, slightly adnexed,
pallid when young, becoming rusty brownish when old; stem
long, equal, hollow, flexuous, minutely pruinose, mealy, whitish ;
spores angular, slightly nodulose, .0003-.0004 of an inch long,
.00024-.0003 broad; cystidia .0016-.002 of an inch long, .0006-.0007
broad, oblong elliptic. .
Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 2-3 inches long, 2-4 lines thick.
Among fallen leaves in woods. Lake Pleasant. August.
This species might easily be taken for a large form of I.
geophylla, but an examination of its spores shows it to be
distinct. Its cystidia are short and broad.
Inocybe serotina n. sp.
Pileus fleshy, firm, varying from campanulate to nearly plane,
fibrillose toward the margin, white, sometimes tinged with yellow
or brownish yellow, flesh white; lamellae close, rounded behind,
nearly free, subvyentricose in fully expanded specimens, whitish
18 ' NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
becoming brownish cinnamon; stem nearly equal, bulbous or nar-
rowed at the base, long or short, solid, fibrous, white; spores
oblong, even, .0005-.0006 of an inch. long, .00024-.0003 broad.
Pileus 1-2.5 inches broad; stem 1-2 inches long, 3-6 lines thick.
Sandy shores of Sodus bay and Lake Ontario. October. E. B.
Burbank. Communicated by B. C. Williams.
Related to I. sambucina from which it differs in the
fibrillose margin of the cap, in the darker color of the mature
lamellae, in the larger spores and in its habitat. From Hebe-
loma colvini, which also grows in sandy soil, it differs in
its whitish color, longer spores and solid stem. Its mycelium
binds together a mass of sand which forms a somewhat bulbous
base to the stem. Mr Burbank says that it occurred in great
abundance in October and that it is edible.
Inocybe squamosodisca n. sp.
PLATE 0, FIG. 10-13
- Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, dry, fibrillose on the margin, rimose
squamose in the center, ochraceous buff, flesh whitish or yellowish
white; lamellae rather broad, moderately close, adnate, pale
ochraceous, becoming darker with age; stem short, firm, equal,
solid, fibrillose, colored like the pileus; spores elliptic, even,
.9003-.0004 of an inch long, .0002-.00024 broad.
Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem about 1 inch long, 2-8 lines thick.
Gregarious. Under pine trees. Shore of Sacandaga lake. August.
The scales of the pileus are flat and spotlike and are formed by
the cracking of the cuticle.
Isaria brachiata (Batsch) Schum.
On decaying Tremellodon gelatinosum. Van
Etten. October. . W. C. Barbour.
Iva xanthiifolia (Fres.) Nutt.
Waste places in the northern part of Albany. August. Intro-—
duced from the west but growing freely here.
; Lactarius subvelutinus n. sp.
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex or nearly plane, subumbilicate, dry,
minutely velvety or pruinose velvety, sometimes rugose, golden
tawny, flesh white, milk white, taste mild; lamellae narrow,
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 19
close, adnate or slightly decurrent, yellowish or cream color,
becoming darker with age; stem short, equal, solid, colored like
or a little paler than the pileus; spores white, globose, nearly
smooth, .0003 of an inch broad.
Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem .5-1 inch long, 2-4 lines thick.
Woods and open places. Meadowdale and Cemetery, Albany co.
August.
Nardia obovata Nees
Rocks. Rainbow falls near Lower Ausable lake, Essex co.
September. W. G. Farlow.
Oxalis brittonae Small
Van Cortland park, Westchester co. June. S. H. Burnham.
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
Sleepy Hollow near Tarrytown.- October. S. H. Burnham.
This is an introduced species.
Phacelia dubia (L.) Small
Shady places on limestone rocks near Jamesville, Onondaga co.
October. Mrs L. L. Goodrich.
In our botanies, Pennsylvania is the northeastern limit assigned
to the range of this plant. Its discovery near Jamesville by Mrs
Goodrich extends its range northward and adds a beautiful little
wild flower to our flora. Its usual flowering time is in spring,
but these specimens were found in flower the last week in October.
The plants grew in patches several feet in diameter. The species
is described in Gray’s Manual under the name Phacelia
parviflora Pursh,
Phaeopezia retiderma (Cke.) Sacce.
Ground in shaded places. Sandlake, Rensselaer co.
Podosphaera leucotricha (HE. & E.) Salmon
Parasitic on living twigs of appletrees. Clyde, Wayne co. W. L.
Devereaux.
This species of mildew is peculiar in its perithecia having
. two sets of appendages, one apical, the other basal. It is specially
injurious to the young branches of trees in the nursery, but it
rarely attacks the twigs of old trees, though suckers from the base’
or roots are said to be more liable to attack.
20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Puccinia simillima Arthur
Leaves and sheaths of Phragmites phragmites. Near
Savannah, Wayne co. September.
Paspalum muhlenbergii Nash
Bedford Park, Westchester co. September. S. H. Burnham.
Paspalum prostratum Nash
Sandy soil. Manor, Suffolk co. August.
Russula densifolia Secr.
Among decaying leaves in woods. Lake Pleasant. August.
This species is closely related to R. adusta from which it
may be separated by the slight reddening of the flesh where
wounded. Our specimens are a peculiar form in which many of
the lamellae are forked at the base. They also separate at the
inner extremity from the stem and pileus and curl outward reveal-
ing the hymenophore beneath. All the specimens found exhibited
this character. It indicates a feeble attachment of the hymenium
to the hymenophore and is suggestive of a relationship to the
genus Paxillus. The white spores, however, show that it is not
referable to that genus. It may be called variety paxil-
loides.
Russula furcata (Pers.) Fr.
Ground in woods. Near Albany. July. An edible species.
Sarcoscypha rhenana F'ckl.
Capular, stipitate or subsessile, single or cespitose, often irreg-
ular, incurved on the margin when young, externally pruinose
tomentose, pale yellow; hymenium pale yellow becoming orange
tinted with age or in drying, sometimes slightly pruinose; stem
short or almost none, when well developed whitened by a short
downy tomentum; asci cylindric; spores elliptic, verrucose, .0008-
.0009 of an inch long, .0004-.0005 broad, commonly containing one
or two shining nuclei.
Cups 4-8 lines broad; stem 2-6 lines long, 2-4 thick. Decaying
leaves and other vegetable matter in woods. Lake Pleasant.
August. Its relationship is with 8S. imperialis from which
it differs in the character of its spores and in its more highly
colored hymenium.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 21
Stereum burtianum n. sp.
PLATE 0, FIG. 30-34
Pileus thin, submembranaceous, coriaceous, fibrous, subinfundi-
buliform, sometimes dimidiate, slightly uneven with radiating
fibrous ridges, pallid with a slight cervine or rufescent tint, some-
what shining, the thin margin erect, spreading or decurved,
slightly wavy or uneven on the edge and often incised or laciniate;
hymenium even or slightly radiately uneven, decurrent, from pale
buff to ochraceous buff; stem short, tough, solid, minutely tomen-
’ tose or pruinose tomentose, subcinereous; spores minute, hyaline,
even, globose or subglobose, .00012-.00016 of an inch broad.
Pileus 4-8 lines broad; stem 2-3 lines long, about half a line
thick. Bare ground in bushy places. Shokan, Ulster co. Sep-
tember.
Sometimes the pilei of two or more plants growing close
together are confluent. When well developed the pileus has a
central stem, but sometimes one third or one half is wanting and
then the stem is lateral though the pileus is usually erect. In
such cases the pileus often appears as if perforate and the upper
part of the stem as if hollow. This very distinct species is dedi-
cated to Prof. E. A. Burt who has made a special study of the
group of fungi to which it belongs and to whom I am under obliga-
tions for aid in the identification of some of the species.
Tricholoma subluteum n. sp.
PLATE 0, FIG. 26-29
Pileus broadly campanulate becoming convex, umbonate,
obscurely fibrillose, yellow, flesh white; lamellae close, emargin-
ate, adnexed, white; stem equal or slightly tapering upward,
solid, fibrillose, yellow, whitish at the pointed base, white within;
spores globose, .0002-.00024 of an inch broad.
Pileus 2-4 inches broad; stem 3-4 inches long, 4-8 lines thick.
Under coniferous trees. Lake Pleasant. August.
This is a beautiful but apparently a very rare species. It
belongs to the second group of section Sericella. It is related to
T. chrysenterum and T. chrysenteroides, but
may be distinguished from them by its white flesh and lamellae.
22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Ulmaria rubra Hill.
Balfour place near Aiden Lair, Essex co. July.
The queen of the prairie has been introduced into our State from
the West and is found in dooryards and flower gardens where it is
cultivated for ornament. It sometimes escapes from cultivation
or persists about the sites of old destroyed or abandoned dwell-
ings. It is described in Gray’s Manual under the name §S pi-
raea lobata.
D
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS
Agastache scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Kuntze
Roadside. Wells, Hamilton co. August. A showy form
having purplish bracts and calyx lobes. It is sparingly pubescent
and in this respect it approaches A. nepetoides, but it has
the thicker spikes and more pointed calyx lobes of A. scroph-
ulariaefolia.
Amanita muscaria formosa (G. & R.) Fr.
Several instances have been reported to me in which this variety
of the fly amanita, a poisonous species, has been eaten without
harm. In all these instances except one, the mushroom was eaten
by those who were at the time ignorant or unsuspicious of its
true relationship. In September, Mr A. P. Hitchcock of New
Lebanon reported to me a case in which a sheep ventured to try
the edible qualities of this mushroom. He says:
While I was gathering a few specimens of boletus in the pas-
tures one evening last week, my cosset buck sheep, which follows
me about like a dog, watched my proceedings with close attention
for a time. Then, having assured himself of what I was doing
he walked to a small group of the fly amanita, which grows luxuri-
antly in places in my fields, and proceeded to gobble down about
a dozen fair sized specimens, eating the caps as greedily as he
eats lump sugar from my hand. This was at least three days ago
and perhaps more. He is still with us and in no way worse for
his indulgence. Does this mean that I have mistaken some other
sort for the fly amanita or that what is food for a buck sheep may
be poison for a man? The amanita in question had the orange
yellow color and the bulbous stem of A. muscaria.
In this as in all other cases of harmless eating of the fly amanita
that have been reported to me the variety formosa is indicated.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 23
The caps were either wholly or partly yellow. This is the com-
mon form in our State. It has the upper surface of the cap either
wholly pale yellow or the center only tinged with red or orange,
the margin remaining yellow. The form having the whole upper
surface of the cap uniformly bright red or orange red is very rare
with us. Yet this is the form commonly figured by European
mycologists as Amanita muscaria. The form having
the pale yellow cap was described by Gonnermann and Rabenhorst
as a distinct species but Fries reduced it to a variety. The
instances mentioned above are strong presumptive evidence of its
harmless character and may be taken as another point of differ-
ence between this plant and the poisonous fly amanita. They
strengthen the claims of those who have regarded the plant with
the yellow cap as a distinct species. Still these two mushrooms
are so closely allied in size, shape and structure that it does not
seem prudent to regard*them as distinct species and the yellowish
capped one as edible, till full trial and investigation has estab-
lished the fact beyond question.
Aster roscidus variifolius n. var.
Lower stem leaves ovate or oblong ovate, cordate, acuminate,
serrate, petiolate, 2-5 inches long, upper stem leaves much smaller,
oblong, entire, sessile or with a very short, widely winged petiole,
scarcely more than 1 inch long.
Woods along the shore of Lake Ontario north of Mexico. Sep-
tember.
The whole plant is glandular. The three or four upper leaves are
abruptly reduced in size.
Aster undulatus L.
A small form, 1.5-2 feet tall, with leaves ovate or subrotund,
the lower petiolate, cordate and serrate with broad teeth, occurs
near Minerva. It is related to A. undulatus abrupti-
folius, but is a much smaller plant.
Antennaria neglecta Greene
A dwarf form having the heads densely capitate, the stems of
the pistillate plant only 2-4 inches long and of the staminate plant
2 inches or less, occurs at Minerva. It is in flower the first week
24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
in May. In appearance it resembles the western A. cam-
pestris Rydb.
Boletus nebulosus Pk.
In State Museum report 51, page 292 a description of this
species was published, but it was derived from mature specimens,
no examples of the young plant having at that time been seen.
Young specimens were found near Lake Pleasant in August. The
pileus in them is hemispheric, soon becoming convex and is dark
gray becoming brown with age. The tubes are at first closed and
pallid or brownish. The stem is sometimes pointed at the base
and varied above with pale streaks.
Cantharellus cibarius longipes n. var.
Pileus irregular, lobed or wavy on the margin, often centrally
depressed and rimose squamose; lamellae very narrow, crowded,
strongly decurrent, frequently anastomosing; stem long, its length
equal to or exceeding the diameter of the pileus. In groves of
spruce and balsam fir. North Elba. September.
Cortinarius amarus Pk.
A form of this species was found having the stem 2-3 inches long.
It grows under spruce and balsam firtrees in North Elba, and is
easily recognized by its small, irregular, yellow, viscid pileus and
its very bitter flavor.
Dalibarda repens L.
Fine specimens of this pretty little plant were found by the
roadside between Minerva and Aiden Lair. These have several
short peduncles bearing mature seeds and one or two long ones
now, July 24, bearing flowers. The early flowers were evidently
clistogamic and very fruitful.
Eriophorum alpinum L.
Along the roadside 2 miles south of Aiden Lair. This little
alpine cotton grass is rare in our State and it is interesting to
find it maintaining itself along the side of a much used public
highway.
Hydnum graveolens subzonatum n. var. .
Pileus thin, nearly plane, slightly umbilicate, fibrously radiate
striate, zonate with narrow, slightly darker zones, fuscous or
grayish brown; aculei whitish.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 25
North Elba and Lake Pleasant. August and September.
This northern variety agrees with the typical form in its mode
of growth and in its odor, but differs from it in having the pileus
more or less zonate and the spines of the hymenium whiter.
Mnium affine ciliare C. M.
Catskill mountains. Mrs E.G. Britton. A fine variety readily
known by the long ciliae or hairs that adorn the margin of the
leaf.
Otidea onotica (Pers.) Fckl.
Gregarious or cespitose, growing in damp shaded places on de-
caying wood and bark. North Elba. September. The base is
sometimes whitened by mycelioid filaments. The receptacle is
rather tough, but the more tender hymenium is sometimes eaten
by insects or their larvae.
Pilosace eximia Pk.
This rare little species is peculiar in having reddish spores.
They are .00025 of an inch long, .00016 broad. The color of the
spores appears to vary in the different species of this genus. In
one they are described as black, in another as purplish brown. In
structure the genus agrees with Pluteus of the pink spored series.
At present it contains six species, two of which occur in Europe,
two in the West Indies, one in Africa and one in the United
States.
Puccinia suaveolens (Pers.) Rostr.
This parasitic fungus may be classed among the useful species.
It attacks the noxious Canada thistle and assists in keeping it in
check by preventing it from producing seeds. But it also attacks
another plant, Centaurea cyanus, blue bottle or bache
lor’s button, which is often cultivated for ornament. In this case
also it prevents the development of the flowers and seeds and it
may therefore be classed as an injurious fungus, since the flower
is the special part for which the plant is cultivated. This plant
escaped from cultivation at Menands and was growing like a
weed in waste places. On these wild plants the fungus appeared
in its uredo stage in May. Later in the season this was followed
by the appearance of the teleutospores, the final stage, on the
26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
same plants. The fungus on this host plant is designated form
cyani.
Senecio vulgaris L.
The common groundsel is sometimes a troublesome weed in
gardens. It begins to flower early in the spring and in wet
seasons successive crops spring up and continue the production
of seed till cold weather stops their growth. In poor soil it will
flower when but two or three inches high, in rich soil it may grow
12 inches high and bear many branches. It grows rapidly and
requires but a few days in which to develop from seed to maturity.
The soil sometimes becomes so filled with its seeds that as fast
as one crop of the plants is destroyed another takes its place.
Sisymbrium altissimum L.
The tall sisymbrium is an introduced plant which has proved
to be quite troublesome as a weed in some of the northwestern
states. The past summer it appeared in the vicinity of Albany.
It was probably brought here either from the north or the west
where it has become firmly established. By destroying such
troublesome weeds when they first appear much future labor and
trouble may be saved.
Solidago canadensis glabrata Porter
Generally the early goldenrod, Solidago juncea, is the
first species to blossom in our latitude. It begins to flower in July,
The past season, which is notable for its peculiar influence on
some plants, seems to have hastened the time of flowering of some
species. On July 24, S.juncea, S. canadensis glab-
rata, S. arguta and S. rugosa were all found growing
near each other at North Creek and all were nicely in flower. The
glabrate Canada goldenrod is a northern variety and perhaps in
its effort to meet the requirements of the short northern seasons
it has acquired the habit of blooming early.
Viola cucullata Ait.
In the cold bogs and wet places of the Adirondack region where
this blue violet delights to grow, it is not unusual te find it with
flowering: scapes 6-9 inches long. The flowers much surpass the
leaves, often standing twice as high. Such specimens were col-
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 27
lected in North Elba. Near Meadowdale a variety occurs in
which the petals are variegated with blue and white. This variety
has been observed there for several years and appears to be con-
stant in its characters. I have also received specimens of it from
other places and it seems strange that it has not been designated
by name by some of those botanists who have made a special study
of the violets.
Viola rotundifolia Mx.
Fine specimens of the round leaved yellow violet showing the
branched peduncles of the clistogamic flowers were found by the
roadside 2 miles south of Aiden Lair in July.
Viola selkirkii Pursh.
This pretty, but with us rare, little blue violet has disappeared
from its former station in a pine grove near West Albany. It was
found last spring in a grove of arbor vitae trees near Minerva,
Essex co.
Xylaria grandis Pk.
Van Etten, Chemung co. W. C. Barbour. The specimens on
which this species was founded were sent me by G. W. Clinton
in 1872. No other specimens of the species had been seen by me
till these came from Mr Barbour. They are smaller than the
typical form and two of the three specimens sent have the clubs
merely mucronate rather than acuminate. The radicating base
is wanting in all the specimens, but it appears to have been broken
off in collecting. The spores are of the same character as those
of the type specimens and I have no doubt of the specific identity
of the two fungi. It must be a rare species to escape a second
discovery for 30 years.
E
EDIBLE FUNGI
Collybia acervata Fr.
TUFTED COLLYBIA
PLATE 84, FIG. 8-13
Pileus “slightly fleshy, convex becoming expanded or nearly
plane, glabrous, hygrophanous, pale tan color or incarnate red~
and sometimes obscurely striatulate on the margin when moist,
whitish after the escape of the moisture; lamellae narrow, thin,
28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
close, rounded behind, slightly adnexed or free, whitish; stem
equal, hollow, glabrous, usually white tomentose at the base, red-
dish brown or purplish brown; spores white, elliptic, .00024-.0003
of an inch long, .00016 broad.
The tufted collybia is an inhabitant of the woods of our hilly
and mountainous districts. It grows in dense tufts on decaying
prostrate trunks of trees and among decaying leaves or on bits
of rotten wood half buried by fallen leaves. The caps are rather
thin and convex when young, but they expand with age and be-
come broadly convex or nearly plane. When young and moist
they are of a pale tan color or brownish red sometimes with a
pinkish tint but as the moisture escapes they fade to a whitish
color. In the European plant they are said to be umbonate but
in the American plant the umbo is rarely present. The gills are
quite narrow and close. They are rounded at the inner extremity
and either slightly attached to the stem or quite free from it.
They are whitish or slightly tinged with pink. The stem is
rather slender, rigid but brittle, hollow and smooth except at the
base where it is usually clothed with a white tomentum. The
color is reddish brown or purplish brown but in the young plant
it is often whitish at the top. |
The cap is commonly 1-2 inches broad; the stem 2-3 inches long,
1.5-2.5 lines thick. The plants usually grow in clusters and occur
during August and September. Though the individual plants are
small they grow in such abundance that it is not difficult to obtain
a sufficient supply for cooking. They are slightly tough but of
good flavor and harmless.
Collybia familia Pk.
FAMILY COLLYBIA
PLATE 84, Fic. 1-7
Pileus thin, fragile, hemispheric or convex, glabrous, hy-
erophanous, while moist sometimes slightly striatulate on the
margin, whitish, grayish or pale smoky brown, sometimes
_brownish or more highly colored in the center; lamellae thin,
narrow, close, rounded at the inner extremity, nearly free, white;
stem slender, glabrous, hollow, white or whitish, commonly with
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 29
a white villosity at the base; spores globose, .00016-.0002 of an
inch in diameter.
The family collybia is similar to the tufted collybia in its
mode of growth. It grows in similar localities but is limited in
its habitat to decaying wood of coniferous trees. It is smaller
and less frequent in occurrence but the tufts or clusters are
generally composed of many more individual mushrooms. The
caps are thin and fragile but are usually free from insect attack.
They are whitish, grayish or brownish sometimes tinged with
yellow but they have none of the reddish hues of the tufted
collybia. In drying they are apt to become darker than when
fresh. The gills are thin, narrow, crowded, white and free from
the stem or but slightly attached to it. The stem is smooth, hol-
low and white or whitish, but like the pileus it becomes darker in
drying. Sometimes it appears to be pruinosely pubescent in the
fresh plant when viewed with a lens. A wholly white variety
very rarely occurs.
The cap is 6-12 lines broad; the stem 2-4 inches long, 1-1.5 lines
thick. The time of its appearance is during July and August.
Its edible qualities are similar to those of the tufted collybia from
which it is easily separated by its smaller size and different color.
Russula mariae Pk. ,
MARY’S RUSSULA
PLATE 85, Fic. 1-8
Pileus at first nearly hemispheric, soon broadly convex, nearly
plane or centrally depressed, pruinose and minutely pulverulent,
dark crimson or purplish, sometimes darker in the center than
on the margin, rarely striate on the margin when old, flesh white,
pinkish under the cuticle, taste mild; lamellae moderately close,
adnate, white when young, pale yellow when old; stem equal,
solid or slightly spongy in the center, colored like or a little
paler than the pileus, usually white at the top and bottom,
rarely entirely white; spores pale yellow, globose, .0003 of an inch
broad.
This russula is a beautiful and easily recognizable species,
though somewhat variable in its colors. The cap is at first
30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
nearly hemispheric, but it soon becomes convex and continues to
expand till it is nearly plane or centrally depressed. The margin
is even when young and generally remains so in maturity, but
sometimes it becomes radiately striate. The surface appears to
the naked eye to be pruinose or covered with a bloom, but under
a lens it is seen to be dusted with minute particles which, under
the action of water, are separable and give reddish stains to any
white surface against which the moistened cap may be rubbed.
This pruinosity is one of the best distinguishing features of the
species. <A little boy once went with his mother to look for mush-
rooms. They came on a group of Mary’s russula and the little
boy, noticing the bloom on the caps and recognizing in it a
resemblance to the bloom of plums, cried out in childish glee
“plummies, plummies.” He was evidently a close and thoughtful
observer and could distinguish at sight this russula from all
others. The flesh of the cap is white, but has a pinkish tint
immediately beneath the cuticle which is separable on the margin
but adnate in the center of the cap. The taste is mild, but occa-
sionally a specimen may be found in which it is slightly and
tardily acrid. The color varies from deep crimson to purple.
The center is sometimes more highly colored than the margin
and in the purple specimens the margin in old plants is apt to
fade to a whitish color and to become striate. The gills are white
when young but with advancing age they become yellowish. They
are nearly all of full length and are therefore wider apart at the
margin of the cap than at the stem. A few are forked at the
base and the interspaces are veiny. The stem is generally cylin-
dric but occasionally tapering downward or pointed at the base.
It appears to the naked eye to be smooth but under a lens it is
slightly pulverulent. It is solid or slightly spongy and white
within and colored like or a little paler than the cap externally
except at the ends where it is white. Forms occasionally occur
in which the stem is entirely white. -
The cap is 1-3 inches broad; the stem 1-2 inches long, 3-5 lines
thick. It grows both in woods and in open grassy places and is
found in July and August. It is not as highly flavored as some
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 31
other russulas but I have no hesitation in placing it among the
edible species.
Russula furcata (Pers.) Fr.
FORKED RUSSULA
PLATE 85, ric. 9-14
Pileus convex becoming nearly plane, centrally depressed or
funnel form, glabrous, even on the margin which is at first
incurved, then spreading and acute, the thin adnate pellicle sub-
separable on the margin, greenish or brownish green, flesh white,
taste mild; lamellae thickish, subdistant, often forked, with
shorter ones intermixed, adnate or slightly decurrent, white;
stem equal or nearly so, solid or spongy in the center, white;
spores white, subglobose, .0003-.00035 of an inch long, .00025-
.0003 broad.
The forked russula grows in woods and is a variable species.
Two distinct European varieties have been described but our
specimens do not fully agree with either of them nor with the
typical form. The cap varies in color from a pale yellowish
green or olive green to a dark brownish green, the center often
being darker than the margin. Sometimes purplish hues are
intermingled with the green, but these are apt to disappear from
the dried specimens. The surface is slightly viscid when moist
and sometimes it is rugosely roughened or reticulate in places.
The margin, though thin, is not striate. The flesh is white and
its taste mild. I have detected no bitter flavor to our form but
the European form is said to have it. The gills are rather thick,
moderately wide apart, persistently white and attached to the
stem by their full width. Many of them are forked, the bifur-
cations occurring most frequently near the stem and the mar-
gin. There are also short gills which do not reach the stem.
The interspaces are marked by transverse veins or ridges, but
I do not find this character ascribed to the European form. The
stem is nearly or quite cylindric, solid or when old somewhat
spongy in the center, smooth and white.
The cap is 2-4 inches broad; the stem 1.5-3 inches long, 5-8 lines
thick. It may be found in July. In my trial of its edible quali-
ties it seemed more tough than some other russulas, but the
32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
flavor was satisfactory and the species is deemed worthy of a
place in our edible list even though the European plant has been
published by some writers as poisonous.
Pholiota vermiflua Pk.
WORMY PHOLIOTA
PLATE 86, Fic. 138-20
Pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous or occasionally floccose
squamose on the margin, sometimes areolate rimose in the center,
white, occasionally slightly tinged with yellow; lamellae close,
adnexed, white becoming ferruginous brown, generally minutely
eroded on the edge; stem hollow, equal, striated at the top, white,
the annulus more or less floccose on the lower surface, lacerated
or evanescent, white; spores elliptic, ferruginous brown, .0005 of
an inch long, .0003 broad.
The wormy pholiota is closely related to the early pholiota,
from which it may be separated by its larger size, thicker flesh,
stouter stem, whiter color and the tendency of its pileus to crack
into areas in the center. It is very liable to be infested by the
larvae of insects and this is suggestive of the specific name.
The cap in the young plant is very convex or hemispheric but
with advancing age it expands and becomes nearly or quite plane.
The central part of the surface often cracks into areas giving it
a scaly appearance. It also sometimes splits on the margin. It
is smooth or occasionally slightly floccose scaly on the margin
from the remains of the veil. The flesh is white. The gills are
at first white but they become rusty brown with age. They are
closely placed, excavated at the stem end and often whitish and
minutely eroded on the edge. The stem is nearly cylindric, hollow,
smooth, white and often striated at the top. Its collar is also
white, somewhat floccose on the lower surface, often slight, lacer-
ated and disappearing in mature plants, leaving the stem without
a collar.
The cap is 2-4 inches broad; the stem 2-3 inches long, 3-5 lines
thick. The plants are usually found in rich soil in grain fields,
waste places and about manure piles and occur from June to
August. When sound and well cooked the flavor is excellent and
the mushroom is a fine addition to our table delicacies.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 33
Psilocybe foenisecii (Pers.) Fr.
HAYMAKERS PSILOCYBE. MOWERS MUSHROOM
PLATE 86, Fic. 1-11
Pileus thin, campanulate or convex, obtuse, glabrous, hygroph-
anous, brown or reddish brown when moist, paler when dry; gills
broad, adnate, minutely crenulate on the edge, ventricose, subdis-
tant, brown; stem slender, nearly straight, hollow, rigid, fragile,
glabrous, pruinose at the top, pallid or rufescent; spores brown,
subelliptic, .0005-.0006 of an inch long, .00025-.0003 broad.
The haymakers psilocybe is a small but very regular, neat and
attractive species which gets its name from its usual place of
growth. This is in grassy places, on lawns or in meadows, where
it is often destroyed by the mower while cutting grass. Its cap
is conic or somewhat bell shaped when young, but it becomes
more convex with age. When fresh and moist it is dark brown or
reddish brown and is usually marked on the margin by darker
parallel radiating lines. By the escape of the surplus moisture
these lines disappear and the cap becomes paler, assuming a
grayish or ashy gray color. The moisture generally escapes first
from the center of the cap though the flesh is thicker there than
on the margin. This gives a somewhat variegated appearance to
the cap while the moisture is escaping, but after the evaporation
is completed the color is nearly uniform. Sometimes the center
of the cap has a reddish or tan colored hue, in which case this
color is generally retained for a time after the escape of the
moisture. The cap is generally brown in completely dried and
shriveled specimens. The gills are rather broad, not crowded,
somewhat narrowed behind and attached to the stem. They are
pale brown when young, blackish brown when old. The stem is
slender, usually long and nearly straight, hollow, easily broken
and paler than the moist cap. It is sometimes tinged with red.
The spores in our plant slightly exceed the dimensions given to
the spores of the European plant.
The cap is 6-12 lines broad; the stem 2-3 inches long, about 1
line thick. This mushroom grows gregariously in rich grassy
places, generally appearing in May and June. Sometimes it ap-
pears in great numbers and in successive crops, otherwise it would
34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
be unimportant as an edible mushroom on account of its small
size. It has been very abundant in the capitol lawn the last two
seasons. It has not a very high flavor but it is harmless and
relishable when fried in butter and may therefore be classed as an
edible species, though some authors say that there are no edible
species of Psilocybe. When uncooked its taste is strong and dis-
agreeable.
Bovista pila B. & C.
ROUND BOVISTA
_ PLATE 84, ric. 14-18
Peridium globose or subglobose, 1-3 inches in diameter, the
outer coat very thin, at first smooth, white or whitish, soon break-
ing up into minute scurfy scales or becoming minutely rimose
Squamulose, finally disappearing and revealing the rather firm
papery but persistent, tough, glossy brown inner coat; capil-
litium dense, persistent, brown; spores even, globose, .00016-.0002
of an inch broad.
The round bovista takes its specific name from its resemblance
to a ball. It is quite globose and about 2 inches in diameter
when well developed, but sometimes it is more or less irregular.
When young it is white or whitish externally and pure white
within.. It is edible only while in this condition. As soon as
the interior begins to change color it is no longer fit to eat and
should be discarded. As it advances in age the surface or outer
coat shrivels and breaks up into minute scales or scurf and after
a time disappears. The inner coat is then smooth and tough
like parchment. In maturity it is brown, purplish brown, seal
brown or dingy coppery brown, sometimes shining and sometimes
Showing obscure patches of the exceedingly thin dried and
brownish outer coat still adhering to it. It ruptures irregularly.
The interior is then seen to be a dense towy and more or less
dusty mass similar to the interior of a fully matured puffball.
In this condition it often persists through the winter and may be
found in fairly good condition for specimens after its hibernation.
It grows either in woods, pastures or meadows and in suitable
weather may be found from July to September.
‘
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 35
F
NEW YORK SPECIES OF CRATAEGUS
The number of published species of Crataegus found in the
United States and Canada has increased surprisingly within the
last five years. In the edition of Gray’s Manual issued in 1890,
10 species and three varieties are recognized as belonging to the
territory covered by its flora. In the [llustrated Flora of Britton
and Brown, the second volume of which contains the descrip-
tion of the species of this genus and which was issued in 1897,
15 species and three varieties are recognized, but the territory
covered is somewhat larger than that of the Manual. Britton’s
Manual issued in 1901 increases the number to 31 species and
retains but one variety. In the Silva of North America, volume 4,
published in 1892, 14 species are described, but in volume 13,
which appeared in 1902, the number of species is increased to 84
and the statement is made that this does not include some im-
perfectly known arboreous species nor the merely shrubby species.
In the Flora of the Southern States by J. 1K. Small, issued in 1903,
185 species are described. Varieties are not recognized. In an
article devoted to the species of Crataegus found in Rochester
and its vicinity and published in the Proceedings of the Rochester
Academy of Science, volume 4, 1903, C. S. Sargent has described
28 new species and recorded the occurrence of 13 others exclu-
sive of two introduced species which occasionally escape from
cultivation. This makes 41 species for the limited area of
Rochester and its vicinity, a number greater than that given
in Britton’s Manual for the entire area covered by it two years
ago. From these data the inference is scarcely avoidable that
many of the recently described species must resemble each other
closely and must be founded on slight variations of specific char-
acters. If this inference is well founded, the conclusion is evi-
dent that such closely allied species can not be recognized without
a thorough knowledge of their distinguishing characters and this
knowledge can scarcely be obtained without careful study and
close observation. To properly represent such species in the
36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
herbarium, a set of good and well prepared specimens taken in
the various stages of development from flowering time till the
ripening and fall of the fruit, is required.
The genus Crataegus, as represented by our species, includes
shrubs and trees which may be roughly but easily separated from
species of other genera of the same family by the long spines or
thorns with which their trunks and branches are armed. The
common and local names applied to these plants are thorn, thorn
apple, thorn bush, thorn tree, haw and hawthorn. They are nearly
all suggested by this very prominent character of these plants.
Some species are small shrubs, only 2 or 8 feet high with a basal
stem diameter of scarcely 1 inch, others are trees 30 feet or more
high with a basal diameter of the trunk of 1 foot or more. There
is no well marked line of distinction between those which are
classed as trees and those which should be called shrubs. They
insensibly run together. The same species may be a shrub in one
place and a tree in another.
The branches of many species are widely spreading giving a
broad rounded head to the tree similar to that of an appletree.
Often the lower branches spread horizontally and the upper
diverge at a small angle giving a more conic outline to the top.
The punctate thorn usually has most of its branches horizontally
spreading. This gives it a broad, flattened or depressed head and
makes the species easily recognizable at a distance. The shrubby
species branch from the base and when several clumps grow near
each other they form almost impenetrable thickets. The young
shoots of the branches are at first green but with advancing age
the upper surface gradually assumes a reddish brown or other
color which later encircles the whole shoot. During the second
or the second and third years the color becomes, in most species,
some shade of gray or ashy gray.
The spines that grow from the trunk and branches are modified
or peculiarly developed branches. They are themselves sometimes
branched and generally they agree in color with the branch to
which they are attached. They usually have a bud at one side of
the base and sometimes one on both sides. These buds develop
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 BY
into a leaf, a branch or a cluster of flowers the next year. In
breaking a spine from its branch the leaf, branchlet or flower
cluster is likely to be torn away with it unless care is taken to
avoid it. The young spine is often adorned with one or more
narrow foliaceous bracts which are quickly deciduous. The spines
of the hawthorn are sometimes elongated and leaf bearing. They
then appear like a short leafy branch terminating in a sharp leaf-
less point.
The leaves are alternate and simple but generally more or less
distinctly lobed and serrated on the margin. Those of young and
vigorous shoots often differ from others on the same tree in size,
shape and lobing. The teeth of the margin are nearly always
tipped with glands which may vary in color in different species.
The teeth themselves vary according to the species. They may be
short or long, narrow or broad, blunt or sharp pointed, straight
or incurved. The surface of the leaf blades may be smooth,
pubescent or scabrous. In many species the upper surface of the
young leaves may be coated with deciduous hairs which soon dis-
appear leaving the surface of the mature leaves glabrous. The
lower surface is generally paler than the upper. In some species
the young unfolding leaves are tinged with brownish red or bronze
red but they become green with advancing age. The leaves are
normally petiolate and stipulate but the stipules soon disappear
and in some species the petioles are short and so widely margined
by the decurrent leaf blades that the leaves appear to be sessile.
The petioles are often furnished with a few glands which may be
either sessile or stalked. They are often more highly colored
when old than when young, and are apt to be shorter on vigorous
shoots than on fruiting or lateral branches. In general outline
the leaf blades may vary in different species from oblanceolate or
spatulate to obovate, ovate, oblong ovate, elliptic, oval or orbicu-
lar.
The buds are compact and globular with very broad blunt
scales. In some species they are covered with a varnish which
becomes sticky in warm weather. When they burst in spring the
inner scales enlarge rapidly, become elongated and assume pink
38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
reddish or yellowish hues. They are glandular on the margin and
in some species on the surface also. These scales are generally
soon deciduous.
The fiowers in our species are, with one exception, Cratae-
gus uniflora, produced in clusters at the ends of short
leafy terminal or lateral branches. In the earliest species to
flower in our latitude they appear about the end of the first week
in May, in the latest, the first week in June, making the flowering
season about one month long. In nearly all cases the flowers open
and their petals fall before the leaves are fully developed. The
flower stems or peduncles may be long or short, simple or
branched, glabrous or hairy, according to the species. The
branching peduncles frequently support three flowers each, the
central flower opening a little earlier than the two lateral. The
calyx is superior and five lobed, the petals are five, the stamens
vary from 5 to 20 and the pistils from 1 to 5. The stamens
are normally 5, 10, 15 or 20 in any given species, but by the sup-
pression of some or the union of two adjacent filaments such
definite numbers are not always found. Nevertheless the number
of the stamens is now utilized as a specific character. The color
of the anthers may be pale yellow or whitish, pink or rosy red,
purplish red or violaceous, and though these colors are very fleet-
ing they are recognized as having, in many cases, specific value.
The calyx lobes are generally tipped with a single gland, their
margins may be entire or furnished with sessile or stalked glands.
They are erect in bud but spreading or reflexed in anthesis and in
some species they later become again erect or incurved. In many
species they also become red on the inner basal surface as they
advance in age. They are sometimes deciduous from the ripe
fruit, specially in species belonging to the section Tomentosae.
The petals are nearly always white in our species. In one or two
they show a tendency to become rosy tinted when they begin to
wither. They are quickly deciduous. They are sometimes eroded
or wavy on the edge, and are generally furnished with a short claw
at the base.
The time of ripening of the fruit extends from the middle of
August to the middle of October. The number of fruits in any
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 39
cluster is generally less than the number of its flowers because
some flowers fail to produce fruit. The fruit may be globose, oval,
oblong, ovate or pyriform. It is not invariably of the same size
and shape on the same tree but it is now thought to furnish char-
acters of specific value. When the flower stem is short and stout
the ripe fruit is likely to be erect. If the flower stem is long and
slender the ripe fruit is likely to droop on its stem. In some
species the hairinessof the calyx tube of the flower persists and the
fruit is hairy, in others it disappears and the fruit is smooth. In
some the fruit falls when it is ripe or soon after, in others it hangs
on the branches after the leaves have fallen, persisting sometimes
till winter or in rare cases and partially till the following spring.
In most species the color of the ripe fruit is some shade of red,
either orange red, scarlet, vermilion or crimson. In some it is
yellow, greenish yellow, or these colors varied with a red cheek.
In some species the fruit has a distinct pruinosity or bloom, in
others an indistinct or scarcely noticeable bloom is present. Such
fruits have a dull or opaque color but a little rubbing of the sur-
face brings out a shining color. The cuticle in some species may
be stripped from the fully ripe fruit as from a very ripe peach or
pear. The flesh or pulp in some is dry and mealy, in others juicy
and soft. It may be whitish, greenish yellow, orange or red. In
many species the fruit has an agreeable flavor and is sweet or
slightly acid and edible. In some cases it has been utilized in ~
making jelly. In size it varies much, being but three or four lines
in diameter in some and nearly an inch in others. In most of our
species it is from five to seven lines in diameter. The number of
nutlets of the fruit generally equals the number of styles in the
flower. In the section Tomentosae the nutlets differ from those
of the other sections in having the inner faces excavated. Thorn
bushes appear to have in some cases their “ off years ” like apple-
trees. A bush may be loaded with fruit one year and the next
have none. Sometimes the fruit fails because of late frosts. This
happened about Lake Placid the past season. A severe frost the
last week in May killed the stamens and pistils even in the
unopened flower buds, and though the petals were apparently
40) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
unharmed and the flowers appeared as usual at a distance, the
essential organs having been killed, no fruit developed.
Cattle sometimes browse on the twigs of thorn bushes. In such
cases the injured branches put forth many new shoots which are
short and dense and form an almost impenetrable surface growth.
If the bush is low enough to be browsed from top to bottom it
gradually assumes a conic shape. If it is so tall that cattle can
not reach the ends of the upper branches these continue their
normal growth and the lower part of the bush assumes a conic
shape and the dense ramification. The whole bush then appears
somewhat like two cones with their vertices united, the lower
with its vertex pointing upward, the upper with its vertex point-
ing downward as in an hourglass. This behavior of thorn bushes
under the pruning given them by browsing cattle indicates their
suitability for hedges.
Herbarium specimens of species of this genus should be col-
lected at three different times. The first collection should be
made when the plant is in flower. This collection will show the
characters of the flowers, of the young shoots and of the young
and unfolding leaves. The second should be made when the leaves
have become fully developed. This will show the character of the
mature leaves and of the young fruit. The leaves at this time are
in much better condition than late in the season when the fruit
is ripe. At this time it is also well to collect specimens of the
young vigorous shoots, since the leaves on these are often larger
and differ more or less in shape from those on older and less vigor-
ous lateral or fertile branches. The third collection should be
made when the fruit is ripe. Its object should be to get this in
as good condition as possible. Insect larvae and parasitic fungi
often injure and deform the fruit and it is well to select as far as
possible such specimens as are most free from these pests. Some-
times nearly every fruit on a shrub or tree is found to be injured
by them. In some species the fruit ripens very late. In such
cases the leaves are ready to fall or have already partly fallen
when the fruit is ripe. Specimens bearing ripe fruit should not
be severely pressed lest the fruit be crushed. It is well to dry
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 41
some of the fruit without pressing. It is important that the
three collections be made from the same tree or shrub in order to
avoid the danger of confusing two or more closely related species.
Sometimes two or more species grow together in one clump and
in such cases special care is necessary lest the intermingled
branches lead to inextricable confusion of species. To guard
against any slip of memory it is well to mark the trunk of every
tree or shrub from which specimens are taken, giving to each a
number corresponding to a number attached to the specimens
taken from it. With a pocket knife shave the rough bark from a
small place on one side of the trunk and inscribe the number on
this smooth place. It is well in every case to select the same side
of the trunk, for example, the north side. Then no time need be
lost in looking for the mark on the other sides.
Because the branches are often coarse and crooked and armed
with stout spines, strong pressure is necessary to make good
herbarium specimens of them. A screw press is recommended for
this purpose. It is also well to loosen the spines by partly split-
ting them from the branch before putting the samples in press.
It is desirable to know the date of each collection. It should
therefore be recorded on the ticket.
PRUINOSAE
Fruit medium, red when ripe, pruinose; stamens 10-20; leaves
thick or subcoriaceous, commonly bluish green, glabrous when
mature.
The pruinosity of the unripe fruit is one of the most available
characters by which to recognize the species of this group. The
two species here described differ in the number of their stamens
and the color of their anthers.
Stamens 20, anthers pale yellow or whitish C. conjuncta
Stamens 10, anthers pale purple or pink ©. dissona
Crataegus conjuncta Sarg.
Conjoined thorn
Rhodora, 5:57
Large shrub 8-12 feet tall with widely spreading or ascending
branches; leaves ovate, broadly ovate or oval, acute or subacu-
42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
minate at the apex, rounded or slightly cuneate at the base, or
on vigorous young shoots larger, truncate or slightly concave
cuneate, sometimes broader than long, sharply and unequally
serrate, generally with 3-4 short, acute or sharp pointed lobes each
side, glabrous, yellowish green, 1-2 inches long and nearly as
broad at flowering time, larger, thicker and bluish green above
when mature, pale below, petioles slender, 6-15 lines long, usually
slightly margined and bearing a few scattered glands; inflores-
cence glabrous, flowers 5-10 in a cluster, peduncles 6-10 lines
long, stamens 20, anthers pale yellow or whitish; fruit globose
or depressed globose, somewhat angular, often broader than long,
pruinose, erect or drooping, red when ripe, crowned by the in-
curved, spreading or reflexed, persistent calyx lobes, nutlets 4-5.
Clayey hillsides. Albany and North Greenbush. Flowers from
the middle to the end of May, fruit ripens from the first to the
middle of October and falls gradually, but sometimes a few fruits
hang on the branches all winter. The unfolding leaves are some-
times tinged with brownish red. On young and vigorous shoots
the basal pair of leaf lobes are sometimes larger and more widely
spreading than the others.
Crataegus dissona Sarg.
Dissonant thorn
Rhodora, 5: 60
Shrub 6-10 feet tall with widely spreading or nearly erect
branches; leaves ovate, broadly ovate or rhomboidal, 1-1.5 inches
long and nearly as broad at flowering time, thin and yellowish
green, acute or sharp pointed at the apex, rounded or broadly
cuneate at the base, often tinged with brownish red as they unfold,
sharply serrate, with 3-4 slight, acute or sharp pointed lobes each
side, glabrous, larger, firmer and bluish green above when mature,
paler below, those on vigorous young shoots larger and often
truncate at the base, sometimes with the basal pair of lobes en-
larged, petioles slender, 6-12 lines long, often slightly enlarged
and glandular at the top; flowers on slender glabrous peduncles, .
5-8 in a cluster, stamens generally 10, sometimes 7-9, anthers pale
purple or pink; fruit globose or depressed globose, pruinose, dark
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 43
red or crimson when ripe, the boat-shaped calyx lobes erect or
spreading, their tips often deciduous, nutlets 3-5.
Clayey soil. Albany, Copake, Lansingburg and Thompsons
Lake. Flowers about the middle of May, fruit ripens from the
first to the middle of October. Distinguished from the preceding
species by its fewer stamens, pink or purplish anthers and crimson
fruit. C. pruinosa differs from both in having 20 stamens
with pink anthers. It is a common species about Albany.
INTRICATAE
Fruit medium, yellowish green, orange red or crimson, nutlets
2-5, ridged on the back; corymbs few flowered; leaves thick, sub-
_ coriaceous.
Small, rather late-flowering shrubs.
Leaves hairy when young 1
Leaves glabrous Ce in Pr Vearea
1 Anthers pink or pinkish purple C.-peckia
1 Anthers pale yellow C.modesta
Crataegus intricata Lange
Intricate thorn
Small shrub 3-8 feet tall with few erect or spreading branches;
leaves ovate, broadly ovate, elliptic or oblong elliptic, thin when
young, becoming thick and firm with age, acute at the apex,
broadly rounded or cuneate at the base, sharply serrate, with 3-4
acute lobes each side, the basal pair, on leaves of young vigorous
shoots, often enlarged and distinctly separated from the pair
above by deep sharp excavations, glabrous both sides, petiole
slender, 4-12 lines long, glandular, slightly margined at the apex;
flowers in clusters of 4-8, on short, mostly glabrous peduncles,
calyx lobes lanceolate, slightly laciniate serrate, stamens 5-10,
anthers pale yellow; fruit erect, subglobose or obovate, pointed
at the base, pale red or orange red, nutlets 3-4.
Hillsides and shaly knolls. Albany and Lansingburg. Flow-
ers May 20 to June 1, fruit ripens the last week in September and
the first week in October, and soon falls. In falling it often car-
ries the peduncle with it. The spines are slender, straight or
nearly so and usually 1-1.5 inches long.
44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Crataegus modesta Sarg.
Modest thorn
Rhodora, 3:28
Small shrub 2-5 feet tall with irregular short branches; leaves
broadly ovate, ovate or oblong ovate, acute at the apex, rounded
or cuneate at the base, on young and vigorous shoots often trun-
cate or slightly cordate, serrate, with 3-4 short, broad, acute lobes
each side, at flowering time pale green and hairy above, paler and
villose below, specially on the midrib and principal veins, when
mature thick and firm, dark green and scabrous above, much paler
below, 1.5-2 inches long, 1-1.5 broad, petioles 4-12 lines long,
glandular, villose, margined at the apex, sometimes on vigorous
shoots nearly to the base, often becoming red with age; flowers:
large, 3-6 in a cluster, on short, villose, mostly simple, peduncles,
calyx tube hairy, its lobes slightly hairy, laciniate serrate, reflexed
in flower, stamens 10, anthers pale yellow; fruit erect, subglobose,
short oblong or pyriform, greenish yellow, orange red or greenish
with a red cheek, hairy, nutlets 3.
Clayey and shaly soil. Albany, Rensselaer and Lansingburg.
Flowers open the last week in May or the first week in June, fruit
ripens late in September. The spines are variable, being slender
or stout, straight or curved, and 1-1.5 inches long. On some
clumps they are very scarce. The young shoots are more or less
villose.
Crataegus peckii Sarg.
Peck’s thorn
Rhodora, 5: 63
Small shrub 2-6 feet tall, sparingly branched; leaves ovate or
broadly ovate, acute at the apex, broadly rounded or concavely
cuneate at the base, on young and vigorous shoots often truncate,
serrate, divided into 3-4 short, broad, acute or blunt lobes each side,
when young, hairy above with appressed whitish hairs, villose below
on the midrib and principal veins, when mature, firm, dark green
and scabrous above, much paler below, the basal pair of lobes often
much enlarged and more distinct, 1.2-2 inches long, nearly as
broad or on young vigorous shoots 2-2.5 inches long; flowers large,
3-6 in a cluster, supported on short, villose, simple peduncles,
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 45
calyx tube glabrous, its lobes glabrous, laciniate serrate above the
middle, stamens 10, anthers pink or pinkish purple, filaments
usually white; fruit erect on short slightly villose peduncles, sub-
globose or short oblong, glabrous, yellowish green when ripe, the
calyx lobes mostly deciduous, nutlets 3-4.
Shaly soil. Lansingburg. Flowers the last week in May or the
first week in June, fruit ripens early in October and soon falls.
The species is closely related to C. modesta from which it
may be separated by its mostly broader leaves, its less hairy
inflorescence, pink or pinkish purple anthers and glabrous yellow-
ish green fruit. In this as in the two preceding species the fruit
is crowned by a prominent rim which surrounds the calyx cup.
The spines are slender, straight or slightly curved and 1.2-2.5
inches long.
MOLLES
Fruit, large, bright red and shining when ripe, often hairy,
specially when young; inflorescence villose tomentose; leaves large,
broad, softly hairy when young.
The three species here recorded are trees or large shrubs with
edible fruit.
Anthers pale yellow or whitish C. champlainensis
Anthers pink, dark red or purple 1
1 Leaves often convex, calyx lobes hairy on the
inner surface C. pringlei
1 Leaves plane, calyx lobes hairy on both surfaces C. exclusa
Crataegus champlainensis Sarg.
Champlain thorn
Rhodora, 3:20. Silva N. A. 13:105, t.669. N. ¥. State Mus.
55th An. Rep’t, p.944
Tree or large shrub 10-20 feet tall with widely spreading
branches; leaves oyate or broadly ovate, 2-2.5 inches long, 1.52
broad at flowering time, larger when mature and on vigorous
young shoots, acute at the apex, rounded, truncate, broadly
cuneate or slightly cordate at the base, slightly and sharply lobed,
coarsely and sharply serrate, when young pubescent above with
whitish appressed hairs, pubescent beneath and villose on the
,
46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
midrib and principal veins, petioles villose and glandular;
corymbs commonly few flowered, peduncles and calyx covered
with long matted whitish hairs, stamens 10, anthers pale yellow
or whitish; fruit oblong obovate or subglobose, often narrowed
toward the base, bright red or scarlet, 7-8 lines long, 6-7 broad,
nutlets 3-5.
Clayey soil. Port Henry, Crown Point, Fort Ann, Albany. The
trees found in the vicinity of Albany differ from those found in
the more northern localities in having broader and more rounded
leaves, which are sometimes blunt at the apex and often have the
margin coarsely wavy, curved or arched as if there was an ex-
cessive development of the lateral tissues. The anthers are
whitish, not pale yellow as in the type, and the fruit is globose or
oval, slightly umbilicate and persistently hairy. It is the first
species to blossom about Albany, the flowers appearing from May
10-15, and the fruit ripens and falls early in September. Perhaps
these trees belong to a distinct species. The trees in the Fort Ann
locality have recently been cut down.
Crataegus pringlei Sarg.
Pringle’s thorn.
Rhodora, 3:21. Silva N. A. 13:11], t.672. N. Y¥. State Musa
55th An. Rep’t, p.944
Tree or large shrub 12-25 feet tall with widely spreading
branches and a broad rounded head; leaves broadly ovate or oval,
1-2 inches long and nearly as broad at flowering time, acute or
bluntly pointed at the apex, subtruncate or broadly cuneate at the
base, coarsely and sharply serrate, with 3-4 short broad acute lobes
each side, pubescent above with short appressed whitish hairs,
slightly villose below on the principal veins and midrib, yellowish
ereen above, paler below, often convex by the deflection of the
margins, petioles slender, villose; corymbs few flowered, stamens
5-10, anthers pink or pinkish purple, calyx lobes hairy on the inner
surface, peduncles short, villose; fruit subglobose, oval or oblong,
sometimes slightly narrowed toward the base, generally hairy at
the ends, 6-7 lines long and nearly as broad, bright red or scarlet,
the calyx lobes spreading or erect.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 19038 AT
Clayey soil. Albany and Albia, Rensselaer co.
When in flower the colored anthers easily separate this species
from the preceding one, later it may be recognized by the con-
vexity of many of the leaves. The young unfolding leaves are
sometimes tinged with red. On vigorous young shoots the leaves
often have the basal pair of lobes somewhat enlarged and more
distinct than the others.
Crataegus exclusa Sarg.
Excluded thorn
Rhodora, 5: 108
Shrub 8-12 feet tall, with widely spreading or ascending
branches; leaves similar to those of the preceding species but with-
out the convexity seen in them; flowers similar but the calyx and
peduncles more densely villose or tomentose, the calyx lobes more
narrow, elongated and hairy on both surfaces; fruit longer and
more narrowed toward the base.
Clayey soil. Crown Point and Fort Ann. May, September.
Formerly united with C. pringlei but separated from it
because of its more shrubby habit, more hairy inflorescence and
longer fruit.
DILATATAE
Fruit medium or large, subglobose, bright red or scarlet, nutlets
5, ridged on the back; flowers having 20 stamens with rose colored
anthers; leaves broad, thin.
Crataegus dilatata Sarg.
Broad leaved thorn
Bot Gaz. 3139: Silva Ni-AG 13113) 2.673
Tree or large shrub 10-20 feet tall with widely spreading or
ascending branches and a broad rounded head; leaves thin, ovate
or deltoid ovate, acute at the apex, subtruncate or slightly cordate
at the base, with 4-6 short, acute or sharp pointed lobes each side,
serrate with unequal sharp pointed teeth, when young minutely
pubescent above with short, stiff, appressed, whitish hairs, gla-
brous below or with a few hairs on the midrib and in the axils
of the principal veins, 1.5-8 inches long when mature, nearly as
broad, those of vigorous young shoots often with the basal pair
48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
of lobes enlarged and more distinct, petioles slender, 8-18 lines
long, slightly villose in the furrow when young, distantly glandu-
lar, often reddish toward the base, becoming more red with age,
this color sometimes extending to the midrib and principal veins;
corymbs 6-10 flowered, peduncles slightly hairy or glabrous, rather
long, stamens 20, anthers rose color, calyx tube slightly hairy, its
g,
lobes glandular serrate, hairy on the inner surface; fruit globose
or oval, 6-8 lines long, 6-7 broad, umbilicate at the base, drooping,
bright red, nutlets 4-5, flesh yellowish, well flavored, edible.
Clayey soil. Flowers the last week in May, fruit ripens in Sep-
tember. Thompsons Lake, Albany co. and Gansevoort, Saratoga
co. In the latter locality it forms a tree 15-20 feet tall with a
trunk diameter of 4-6 inches. On some trees the fruit is globose,
on others it is oval. The leaves sometimes become convex as in
C. pringlei. The fruit stems sometimes become red in the
upper part.
LOBULATAE
Fruit medium or large, subglobose or oblong, bright red or crim-
son, nutlets 3-5, distinctly grooved on the back; inflorescence
villose or glabrous, stamens 5-15, anthers rose color.
Leaves glabrous beneath, stamens 5-8 C. holmesiang
Leaves somewhat hairy beneath, stamens 5-10 C.lobulata
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe
Holmes thorn
Bot. Gaz. 31:10. Silva N. A. 13:119, t. 676
Tree or large shrub 12-25 feet tall with widely spreading or
ascending branches; leaves thin, ovate, 1-1.5 inches long, 9-15
lines broad at flowering time, larger and firmer when mature and
on vigorous young shoots sometimes with the basal pair of lobes
enlarged and more divergent, acute at the apex, broadly rounded
or subtruncate at the base, sharply serrate with slender pointed
teeth, with 4-5 short acute lobes each side, pubescent above when
young- with minute appressed whitish hairs, glabrous and slightly
paler below, petiole slender, 6-12 lines long, glabrous or with a
few hairs and reddish glands; flowers 8-12 in a cluster, 5-8 lines
broad, on slender, glabrous or slightly hairy peduncles, calyx
glabrous, often tinged with red, the lobes narrow, linear, slightly
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 49
glandular, stamens generally 5, sometimes 5-8, anthers purple;
fruit subglobose, oblong or obovate, generally narrowed toward
the base, bright red or crimson, crowned with the persistent, erect
or incurved calyx lobes, nutlets 3-5, flesh yellow.
Clayey soil. Crown Point, Fort Ann, Thompsons Lake and
Albany. It flowers from May 15-25, fruit ripens the last week in
August and the first week in September. The foliage is commonly
vellow green, but it is sometimes dark green.
Crataegus lobulata Sarg.
Lobulate thorn
Rhodora, 3:22. Silva N. A. 18: 117, t. 675
Tree 15-30 feet tall and a trunk diameter of 6-12 inches; leaves
oval, ovate or oblong ovate, at flowering time 1.5-2.5 inches long,
i-2 broad, larger when mature, pubescent with soft appressed
whitish hairs above, slightly hairy below, specially on the midrib
and principal veins, acute at the apex, rounded or broadly cuneate
at the base, sharply serrate, with 4-5 sharp pointed distinct lobes
on each side, petioles slender, loosely villose or tomentose, 1-1.5
inches long, becoming reddish or tinged with red in maturity;
flowers on slender, villose or tomentose peduncles, the calyx often
hairy below and its lobes hairy on the inner surface, stamens
usually 10, sometimes 5-10, anthers reddish purple; fruit oblong
or subglobose, crowned by the persistent erect or incurved calyx
lobes, when ripe, crimson, 6-8 lines long and nearly as broad, nut-
lets 3-5, flesh yellow, edible.
Clayey soil. Crown Point. It blossoms from the 20th to the
end of May and ripens its fruit late in September. Its foliage is
yellowish green. It is closely related to the preceding species
from which it may be separated by its larger size, the hairiness of
the lower surface of the leaves, the more hairy inflorescence, more
numerous stamens and its later ripening fruit.
FLABHLLATAE
Fruit medium, scarlet or dark red, nutlets 3-5, ridged on the
back ; stamens 10-20; leaves membranaceous but firm when mature.
Anthers pink or purplish C. contigua
Anthers pale yellow or whitish C. irrasa
50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Crataegus contigua Sarg.
Contiguous thorn
; Rhodora, 5: 115
Shrub 6-10 feet tall with spreading or ascending branches;
leaves thin, ovate, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded or
broadly cuneate at the base, serrate, with 4-5 distinct, sharp
pointed or acuminate lobes each side, at flowering time pale green
and clothed above with short appressed whitish hairs, glabrous
below, when mature, firm, dark green above, paler below, 1.5-2.5
inches long, 1-2 broad, petioles slender, glabrous, slightly glandu-
lar, 6-12 lines long; flowers on slender glabrous peduncles, calyx
lobes abruptly narrowed from broad bases, linear, entire or with
occasional glands toward the base, stamens 20, anthers purple or
pinkish purple; fruit erect or drooping, subglobose or oblong,
scarlet, flesh yellow, nutlets 4-5.
Shaly soil near Lansingburg. Flowers open about:the middle
of May, fruit ripens early in September and soon falls. In our
plants the flowers open and the fruit ripens two or three weeks
earlier than in the type and the number of stamens ranges from
12-19. In no case have I found a flower with 20 stamens. Never-
theless these variations do not seem to be of sufficient importance
to warrant a separation of the plants. The unfolding leaves are
tinged with brownish red.
' Crataegus irrasa Sarg.
Unpolished thorn
Rhodora, 5: 116
Shrub 6-12 feet tall with numerous slender spreading or ascend-
ing branches; leaves thin, ovate or oval, acute at the apex, cuneate
at the base, laciniate serrate, when young clothed .above with
appressed whitish hairs, villose below on the midrib and principal
veins, when mature firm, dark green and shining above, paler or
yellowish green below, petioles 6-12 lines long, slender, slightly
margined at the apex, sparingly glandular; flowers 6-7 lines broad,
supported on villose peduncles, calyx tube densely villose, its lobes.
lanceolate, glandular serrate, villose, reflexed, appressed, stamens.
20, anthers pale yellow; fruit subglobose or oblong, dark red, nut-
lets 4-5.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 51
Clayey soil. North Greenbush. The plants which are here
referred to this species diverge so much from a rigid agreement
with the description of the species to which we have referred them
that it seems best to consider them a variety which may be called
var. divergens.
It is characterized as follows:
Leaves oval, serrate with blunt gland-tipped teeth, divided
above the middle into 4-5 short narrow strongly pointed lobes each
side, petioles villose; corymbs 5-10 flowered, stamens 10-18, anthers
whitish ; fruit globose or oval.
The young shoots are villose tomentose. The flowers open about
- the middle of May and the fruit ripens the last week in August
or early in September, which is two or three weeks earlier than in
the type. Only a single clump of this shrub was found. It ap-
proaches C. densiflora in its characters but differs from it in
its more numerous stamens and in having the lower surface of the
leaves hairy on the midrib and principal veins.
TENUIFOLIAE
Fruit medium, oblong, pyriform or subglobose, crimson or scar-
let, nutlets 2-5; inflorescence glabrous or nearly so, stamens 5-20,
anthers pink, rose color or dark red; leaves membranaceous, gen-
erally pubescent on the upper surface when young, glabrous or
scabrous when mature.
The three species here recorded may be tabulated as follows:
Leaves ovate or oblong ovate Cc. ascendens
Leaves ovate, oval or rhomboidal 1
1 Calyx lobes hairy on the inner surfaée C.matura
1 Calyx lobes glabrous on the inner surface C.delucida
Crataegus ascendens Sarg.
Ascending thorn
Rhodora, 5: 141
Shrub 6-10 feet tall with slender ascending branches bearing
short, straight or slightly curved spines rarely more than an inch
long; leaves thin, ovate or oblong ovate, at flowering time 1.5-2
inches long, 8-15 lines broad, acuminate at the apex, rounded or
cuneate at the base, finely and sharply serrate, with 4-5 acuminate
52 . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
lobes each side, often tinged with brownish red as they unfold and
clothed above with minute appressed whitish hairs which soon
disappear, dark yellowish green above, paler below, larger, darker
green and glabrous when mature, petioles slender, 9-15 lines long,
dotted with a few scattered glands and slightly margined at the
apex; flowers 6-12 in a cluster, on slender rather long glabrous
peduncles, calyx lobes narrow, elongated, entire or with a few
minute glands, stamens 5-10, anthers pink or pinkish purple; fruit
subglobose obovate or oblong, dark red when ripe, drooping, the
calyx lobes subpersistent, spreading or reflexed, nutlets 3-4.
Clayey soil. North Greenbush and Rensselaer. Flowers May
12-20, fruit ripens during September. This species is very distinct
and easily recognized by its peculiar oblong ovate leaves with acu-
minate apex and on fertile branches with cuneate base, making
them pointed at each end. On young and vigorous shoots they are
usually broadly rounded at the base, and are sometimes 3.5-4
inches long and 2-2.5 inches broad. They are generally more
elongated when growing in the borders of woods than when in
more open exposed places. The autumn buds are clothed with a
varnish which is sticky in warm weather. Though found in seyv-
eral places on the east side of the Hudson river, no example of it
has yet been found on the west side of the river.
Crataegus matura Sarg.
Mature thorn
Rhodora, 3: 24
Shrub 5-10 feet tall with many slender ascending or nearly erect
branches or occasionally with the lower widely spreading; leaves
broadly ovate, oval or rhomboidal, thin, acute or acuminate at
the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, finely and sharply ser-
rate, deeply and sharply divided into 4-6 very distinct sharp
pointed or acuminate lobes on each side, yellowish green when
young and clothed with short appressed whitish hairs, darker
green and glabrous when mature, 2-2.5 inches long, 1.5-2 inches
broad, petioles slender, 6-12 lines long, slightly glandular and
sometimes wing margined at the apex; flowers 4-8 in a cluster,
on short glabrous or slightly hairy peduncles, calyx lobes elong-
ated, narrow, entire or slightly glandular, often red at the tips,
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 53
slightly hairy on the inner surface, becoming bright red at the
base, stamens usually 10, sometimes 5-9, anthers red or reddish
purple; fruit subglobose or oval, about 6 lines long, 5-6 broad,
dark red or crimson, nutlets 2-5, flesh yellow, pleasant, edible.
Clayey soil and rocky pastures. Gansevoort, Saratoga co. and
Lake Pleasant, Hamilton co. Flowers in May, ripens its fruit
the latter part of August.
The early ripening of the fruit is one of the distinguishing
characters of the species. In our specimens the fruit is scarcely
oblong as in the typical form, and the styles are 2-8, but in other
respects the agreement of the characters is good. The bright red
- color of the inner bases of the calyx lobes in the Gansevoort speci-
mens contrasts beautifully with the pale green color of the imma-
ture fruit.
Crataegus delucida Sarg.
Delucid thorn
Rhodora, 5: 1389
Shrub 6-10 feet tall with erect or ascending branches; leaves
thin, ovate, broadly ovate or oval, acute, sharp pointed or acumi-
nate at the apex, broadly rounded, subtruncate or rarely broadly
cuneate at the base, finely serrate, with 4-6 distinct, sharp pointed
or acuminate lobes each side, generally tinged with bronze red
when they unfold and then covered above with short appressed
whitish hairs, at flowering time yellowish green, 1-1.5 inches long,
9-18 lines broad, paler and glabrous below, larger, darker green
and glabrous above when mature, petioles slender, 6-12 lines long,
usually shorter on young and vigorous shoots with the blades
larger and broader, slightly glandular; flowers 6-12 in a cluster,
about 6 lines broad, on slender branched glabrous peduncles,
calyx lobes narrow, elongated, entire or with few minute glands,
often red at the tips, stamens usually 5-8, sometimes 10, anthers
red or reddish purple; fruit oblong, bright red or scarlet, droop-
ing, the calyx lobes spreading or reflexed, often deciduous from
the ripe fruit, nutlets 3-4, flesh yellow.
Clayey hillsides and rocky pastures. Albany and Sandlake.
Flowers about the middle of May, fruit ripens during the last half
of September or early in October.
54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
This is one of the prevailing species on the hillsides north of
Albany. The flowers have a strong potash odor. It is closely re-
lated to C. “acutiloba Sarg. with which it was formerly
united, but its flowers are smaller and its nutlets more numerous.
COCCINEAE
Fruit medium, subglobose, crimson or scarlet when ripe, nutlets
2-5, distinctly ridged on the back; leaves thin or subcoriaceous. -
Anthers pale yellow or whitish C. gravesii
Anthers purple or red 1
1 Stamens 20 C. brainerdt
1 Stamens 10 C. praecoqua
1 Stamens less than 10. C. egglestonti
Crataegus gravesii Sarg.
Graves thorn
Rhodora, 5: 159 ;
Shrub or small tree with widely spreading or ascending
branches; leaves ovate, obovate, elliptic or subrotund, thin, acute
or rounded at the apex, rounded or cuneate at the entire base, une-
qually serrate with rather broad blunt teeth, with 3-4 short, broad,
acute or rather blunt lobes each side, at flowering time
pale green, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs above, when
mature firm, glabrous, dark green and shining above, paler below,
1-2 inches long and nearly or quite as broad, petioles slender, 4-12
lines long, slightly margined at the apex, sometimes slightly
villose and glandular when young; flowers 5-12 in a cluster, on
slender, short, glabrous or slightly hairy peduncles, calyx glabrous,
its lobes narrow, elongated, minutely glandular, stamens 4-8,
occasionally 10, anthers pale yellow or whitish; fruit globose or
depressed globose, erect, pale red or orange red when ripe,
crowned by the short erect or spreading calyx lobes, nutlets 2-3.
Clayey soil. Albany, North Greenbush and Westport. Flow-
ers late in May or early in June, fruit ripens late in September.
Closely related to C. coccinea rotundifolia, from
which it may be separated by its thinner leaves, mostly fewer
stamens, paler fruit and fewer nutlets. Our examples are shrubs
more glabrous than the type. The young unfolding leaves are
sometimes tinged with brownish red.
Ol
Ol
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903
Crataegus praecoqua Sarg.
Early thorn
Rhodora, 3:27, 5: 167
Shrub 8-10 feet tall with spreading branches; leaves ovate, oval
or rhomboidal, acute or blunt at the apex, broadly cuneate at the
base or on young vigorous shoots sometimes rounded, serrate,
slightly divided into numerous short, narrow, sharp pointed lobes
on each side, at flowering time thin, pale green and clothed above
with short appressed whitish hairs, paler below and villose along
the midrib and principal veins, when mature thick, dark green,
shining, glabrous or scabrous above, paler below, 1.5-2 inches long,
_ nearly or quite as broad, petioles stout, 4-6 lines long, margined
on the upper part; flowers on villose, often branching peduncles,
calyx tube hairy, its lobes narrow, elongated, glandular serrate,
stamens 10, anthers pink; fruit subglobose, erect or drooping,
slightly hairy, dark red.
Clayey soil. Crown Point. Flowers the latter part of May,
fruit ripens the last of August or early in September. The species
was first published under the name Crataegus praecox,
but this was afterward changed toC. praecoqua.
Crataegus egglestoni Sarg.
Eggleston’s thorn
Rhodora, 3:30
Shrub 5-10 feet tall with slender spreading or ascending
branches; leaves oval, elliptic or suborbicular, acute or sharp
pointed at the apex, broadly rounded or cuneate at the base, ser-
rate, divided into 4-5 short inconspicuous acute lobes on each side,
at flowering time thin, yellow green and hairy above with short
whitish appressed hairs, paler and glabrous below, when mature
thick or subcoriaceous, dark green and scabrous above, 1.5-2
inches long and nearly or quite as broad, petioles slender, 6-12
lines long, slightly margined at the apex, sparingly glandular;
flowers 6-8 lines broad, 5-10 in a cluster, on rather long, loosely
villose often branched peduncles, calyx tube glabrous or slightly
hairy, its lobes entire or minutely glandular serrate, hairy on the
inner surface, stamens 5-8, usually 5, anthers red or rose color;
fruit subglobose or oval, crimson when ripe, the mostly persistent
calyx lobes reflexed, appressed, nutlets 2-3, 3 lines long.
56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Clayey and shaly soil. Crown Point and Lansingburg. Flow-
ers May 20-30, fruit ripens in September. The shrubs in the
station near Lansingburg have recently been cut down. The
spines are slender, straight or nearly so and 1.5-2 inches long.
This species was originally placed in the section Anomalae, but
there seems to be no character by which it may be clearly sepa-
rated from the section in which it is here placed.
Crataegus brainerdi Sarg.
Brainerds thorn
Rhodora, 3:27
Shrub 6-10 feet tall with ascending or suberect branches; -leaves
at first thin, ovate or broadly ovate, acute or acuminate at the
apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, or on young and
vigorous shoots often subtruncate or slightly cordate, sharply
serrate, divided into 4-5 slight, acute or sharp pointed lobes each
side, when young slightly hairy above with short appressed whit-
ish hairs, glabrous below, when mature thicker and firmer, dark
green above, paler below, 1.5-2 inches long, 1-1.5 broad, larger on
young and vigorous shoots, petioles slender, 4-12 lines long,
glabrous, with few or no glands; flowers in clusters of 6-12, 9-10
lines broad, very fragrant, supported on slender, glabrous, simple
or branched peduncles, calyx lobes linear lanceolate, entire or
slightly glandular, often tinged with red, stamens 20, anthers
bright red, filaments elongated, often becoming red or pink, very
persistent; fruit erect, subglobose or short oblong, 5-6 lines long,
4-5 broad, bright scarlet, flesh yellow, edible, nutlets 3-4.
Rocky or bushy pastures. Sandlake, Rensselaer co. Flowers
May 15-25, fruit ripens the latter part of September. The long
erect persistent reddish filaments afford an attractive and easily
recognized character. They sometimes remain plump and fresh
till the beginning of September. The blossoms have a decided
potash odor and are very attractive to honey bees. The styles are
generally 3 but occasionally 4. The species is rare with us, but
well marked and beautiful both in flower and fruit.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 57
TOMENTOSAE
Fruit small or medium, subglobose, oval or pyriform, orange
red or scarlet, nutlets 2-5 with a cavity on each of the ventral
faces; flowers usually many in a cluster; leaves thin or coriaceous,
usually pubescent beneath.
Crataegus succulenta Link
Succulent thorn
Silva N. A. 18: 189, t. 181
Shrub or bushy tree 8-15 feet tall with widely spreading or
ascending branches; leaves elliptic or subrhomboidal, acute or
sharp pointed at the apex, cuneate at the entire base, serrate, with
4-6 short, acute lobes each side above the middle, at flowering
time thin, slightly hairy above, pubescent beneath, when mature
coriaceous, dark green and glabrous above, paler below, usually
2-2.5 inches long, 1.5-2 inches broad, on young and vigorous shoots
somewhat larger and broadly or concavely cuneate or rounded at
the base, petioles stout, 4-8 lines long, margined at the apex, often
becoming red or reddish with age; flowers 7-8 lines broad, many
in a cluster, supported on long, slender villose branching
peduncles, calyx tube hairy or glabrous, its lobes laciniately
glandular serrate, elongated, soon reflexed, hairy, stamens 15-20,
anthers small, pink; fruit globose, scarlet, drooping, 4-6 lines long,
flesh yellow, juicy, edible, nutlets 2-3, 3 lines long.
Clayey soil. Albany and Albia, Rensselaer co. Flowers from
May 15-25, fruit ripens in September and usually hangs on the
branches till late in October. Sometimes a few persist through the
winter.
G
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF PLANTS OF THE SUSQUE-
HANNA VALLEY
BY FRANK E, FENNO
Dryopteris goldieana (Hook.) Gray
Aspidium goldieanum Hook,
Goldie’s shield fern
Hillsides near Nichols. Infrequent. August.
58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Panicum walteri Pursh
Panicum ecrus-galli var. hispidum Torr.
Cockspur grass
Common along the river. August—October.
Panicum minus (Muhl.) Nash
Wood panicum
Dry woods and thickets near Nichols. Not common. August,
September.
Eragrostis major Host
Pungent meadow grass
Roadsides and along railways. Frequent. August, September.
Panicularia elongata (Torr.) Kuntze
Gly ceriare lone ata: Trim:
Long manna grass
In a swamp near Smithboro. Infrequent. August, September.
Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S.
Creeping spike rush
Low wet grounds, specially along the river. Common. August,
September.
Smilax rotundifolia L.
Green brier. Catbrier
Thickets near Nichols. Rare. Stem more or less quadrangular
and high climbing. Leaves five nerved. May, June.
Lemna trisulca L.
Ivy-leaved duckweed
Ditches and sloughs. Frequent. July, August.
Corylus americana Walt. -
Hazelnut
Thickets along the river. Common. Apparently not found here
on the uplands. March, April.
Corylus rostrata Ait.
Beaked hazelnut
Fence rows and thickets. Common. April.
Betula populifolia Marsh.
Wiite birch
Plentiful, along the valley road 3 miles south of Owego. May.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 59
Betula lenta L.
Black birch
Rich woodland. Common. April, May.
Betula lutea Mx.
Yellow birch
Rich moist woodland. Common. April, May.
Alnus incana (L.) Willd.
Tag alder
Borders of streams and swamps. Common. February—April.
Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) K. Koch
A.serrulata Willd.
Smooth alder
Mutton hill pond. This is its only station. February—April.
Fagus americana Sweet
Fagus ferruginea Ait.
Beech
Scattered throughout our territory. May.
Castanea dertata (Marsh.) Borkh.
Castanea sativa var. americana Wats.
Chestnut
A very common tree. July.
Syndesmon thalictroides (L.) Hoffmg.
Anemonella thalictroides Spach
Rue anemone
Woods and thickets. Common. April-June.
Rubus occidentalis L.
Black raspberry
Fence rows and neglected fields. Common. May, June.
Rhus copallina L.
Mountain sumac. Dwarf swmac. Upland sumac
Dry soil 3 miles south of Owego. Rare. June, July.
Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby
Cuphea viscosissima Jacq.
Blue waxweed. Tarweed
Abundant in a neglected field near Nichols. August—October.
Fine flowering specimens were collected as late as Oct. 24. The
‘whole plant is very viscid pubescent.
60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Mitchella repens L.
Partridge-berry. Twin berry
Woods. Common. June.
Cephalanthus occidentalis L.
Button bush
Swamps. Common. July, August.
Galium aparine L.
Cleavers
Damp shaded ground. Common. Summer.
Galium pilosum Ait.
Hairy bedstraw
Dry bushy places. Frequent. Summer.
Galium lanceolatum Torr.
Torrey’s wild liquorice
Dry woods. Common. Summer.
Galium circaezans Mx.
Wild liquorice
Dry woods. Common. May-July.
Galium boreale L.
Northern bedstraw
Rocky soil, specially along streams. Common. June.
Galium asprellum Mx.
Rough bedstraw
Swamps and low grounds. Common. Summer.
Galium triflorum Mx.
Sweet-scented bedstraw
Damp woodland. Common. Summer.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE O
Inocybe castanea Pk.
CHESTNUT INOCYBE
1,2 Two immature plants
3,4 Two mature plants
5 Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
6 Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
15, 16
23
24
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 61
Transverse section of a stem
A cystidium, x 400
Four spores, x 400
Inocybe squamosodisca Pk.
Scaty Diskep INocyBE
Immature plant
Mature plant showing scaly disk
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores, x 400
Inocybe excoriata Pk.
EXCORIATED INOCYBE
Immature plant
Mature plants showing the excoriated surface of the caps
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores, x 400
Inocybe fallax Pk.
FaLuacious INOCYBE
Immature plant
Mature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Transverse section of a stem
A eystidium, x 400
Four spores, x 400
Tricholoma subluteum Pk.
Two CoLorep TRICHOLOMA
} Immature plant
Mature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores, x 400
Stereum burtianum Pk.
Burt’s STEREUM
Small plant
Plant with lacerated margin of the pileus
Plant with incomplete pileus
Three plants with confluent pilei
Four spores, x 400
62
Aanr Wb
12
13
14
15
16
iG
18
1,2
6
7
8
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 84
Collybia familia Pk.
FAMILY COLLYBIA
Cluster of small plants
Cluster of large plants with the center of the cap colored
Single large plant
Single large plant with the center of the cap colored
Vertical section of the upper part of a large plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores, x 400
Collybia acervata Fr.
TUFTED COLLYBIA
Cluster of eight plants, four with caps moist and more
highly colored
Plant with pale tan colored cap
Plant with whitish cap
Vertical section of the upper part of a large plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores, x 400
Bovista pila B. & C.
Rounp Bovisra
Immature plant
Mature plant ruptured at the apex
Vertical section of a young plant in edible condition
Part of a branching filament of the capillitium, x 400
Four spores, x 400
PLATE 85
Russula mariae Pk.
_ Mary’s Russuna
Immature plants
Mature plant
Immature plant of darker color
Mature plant of darker color
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores, x 400
9
10
i
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903
Russula furcata (Pers.) Fr.
ForkKED RUSSULA
Immature plant
Mature plant with the cap partly expanded
Mature plant with the cap fully expanded
12 Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
13
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
14 Four spores, x 400
i293
4
5-7
8,9
10
11
12
18, 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PLATE 86
Psilocybe foenisecii (Pers.) Fr.
HAYMAKER’S PSILOCYBE _
Immature plants with moist striatulate caps
Plant after the moisture has partly escaped from the cap
Mature plants with caps destitute of moisture
Vertical sections of the upper part of two plants
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores, x 400
Pholiota vermiflua Pk.
Wormy PHOLIOTA
Young plant with gills hidden by the veil
Immature plants showing the whitish gills
Mature plant with the cap fully expanded
Mature plant with the cap rimosely areolate
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores, x 400
Md WONVILYNE WAAUALS 8-08 “OM “Md WOALATANS VWOTOHOINL 66-96 “1
UMAOONI SQOIOVITVA ALAOONT GULVINOOXA
“ME XVTITVA GAAOONI $ 96-08 “S10 ‘Md VLVINOOXU WAAOONI G6I-FT “OM
UMAOONI GUMSIA ATVOS AM XOONT LONLSAHO
‘Md VOSICOSOWVOOS AAAOONI &EI-OT “91 Wd VANVLSVO AGAOONT GT OM
be
Fic, 1-9 INOCYBE CASTANEA px. Fig. 10-18 INOCYBE SQUAMOSODISCA px.
CHESTNUT INOCYBE SCALY DISKED INOCYBE
; Fig. 14-19 INOCYBE EXCORIATA px. Fig. 20-25 INOCYBE FALLAX rx.
q EXCORIATRD INOCYBE FALLACIOUS INOCYBE
Fic, 26-29 TRICHOLOMA SUBLUTEUM px. Fic. 40-44 STEREUM BURTIANUM pk.
z R I 0 q .
BURT'S STEREUM
“VISIAO@ ANNOU
OPAVIId VLISIAOM SI-Fl SNA
VIAATION GULAAL VIAATIOO ATINVA
‘ad VLVAUHOV VIAATIOO &1-8 “SM ‘Md VITINVA VIFATION LT Du
SS gee
se el
+
|
|
i Nuys) S2) MOM a OR KeTE Lae a
Moov: @TATE mus. e7
Fig. 1-7 COLLYBIA FAMILIA px.
FAMILY COLLYBIA
Fig. 8-18 COLLYBIA ACERVATA rr.
TUFTED COLLYBIA
Fic. 14-18 BOVISTA PILA pé& c.
= ROUND BOVISTA S
es
VWIOSSOY GayMwoa WIASSOY S.AUVIN
‘ud (SUad) VLVONNA WINSSON FI-6 ‘Dla ‘Md QVIMVW VWIONSSOU 8-I “Dla
ss aLvid oe k : } IONODA WIGIdyH : LS ‘SNOW 3Lvis "AN
——- . eee oe
= N.Y. STATE MUS. 67 EDIBLE FUNGI PLATE 85
Fic. 8 RUSSULA MARIAE px. . Fic. 9-14 RUSSULA FURCATA (rers.) Fr.
FORKED RUSSULA
MARY'S RUSSULA
VLOITOHd ANWHOM ATAOOTISA SUAVE AV
‘Md VOTHINUGA VLOIIOHA 02-21 “DIg “ua (‘SUAd) TIOMSINAOT PAAOOISA II-1 Oy
are rrrerernenescen
98 ALvid
IONNA TITIGH Z9°SAW B3ivie «1 Nn
a —”— eu ar. oy yt ..—€!_ —@- ————<<—___
N. ¥. STATE MUS. 57 EDIBLE FUNGI
PLATE 86
“A
“ZHU i <<
Fic. 1-11 PSILOCYBE FOENISECII (PERS.) FR
Fig, 12-20 PHOLIOTA VERMIFLUA px.
HAY MAKER'S PSILOCYBE
WORMY PHOLIOTA
Agaricus campester, 4-5
Agastache scrophulariaefolia
Alder, smooth, 59
tag, 59
Alnus incana, 59
rugosa, 59
serrulata, 59
Alpine cotton grass, 24
Amanita, fly, 22
EN DYE Xx
_ Cantharellus cibarius longipes, 24
DY)
—
Amanita muscaria formosa, 22-23
- Anemone, rue, 59
Anemonella thalictroides, 59
Antennaria neglecta, 23-24
Asarum reflexum, 12
Aspidium goldieanum, 57
Aster curvescens, 12
roscidus variifolius,
undulatus, 23
23
Beaked hazelnut, 58
Bedstraw, hairy, 60
northern, 60
rough, 60
sweet-scented, 60
Beech, 59
Betula lenta, 59
lutea, 59
populifolia, 58
Birch, black, 59
white, 58
yellow, 59
Boletus nebulosus, 24
Bovista, round, 34
explanation of plate, 62
Bovista pila, 34
explanation of plate, 62
Brainerds thorn, 56
Brier, green, 58
Britton and Brown, cited, 35
Burbank, cited, 18
Burt, E. A., acknowledgments to, 21
Burt’s stereum, 61
explanation of plate, 61
Buttonbush, 60
Castanea dentata, 59 :
sativa var. americana, 59
| Catbrier, 58
Cephalanthus occidentalis, 60
Champlain thorn, 45-46
Chestnut, 59
Chestnut Inocybe, explanation of
plate, 60-61
Cleavers, 60
Coccineae, 54-56
Cockspur grass, 58
Collybia, family, 28-29
explanation of plate, 62
tufted, 27-28 ;
explanation of plate, 62
Collybia acervata, 27-28
explanation of plate, 62
familia, 28-29
explanation of plate, 62
Contiguous thorn, 50
Cortinarius amarus, 24
Corylus americana, 58
rostrata, 58
Cotton grass, alpine, 24
Crataegus, New York species, 5-6,
35-57
Crataegus ascendens, 12, 51-52
brainerdi, 12, 54, 56
champlainensis, 45-46
coccinea var., 13
conjuncta, 12, 41-42
contigua, 12, 49, 50
delucida, 12, 53-54
dilatata, 12, 47-48
dissona, 12, 41, 42-43
egglestoni, 12, 54, 55-56
exclusa, 12, 45, 47
flabellata, 13
gravesii, 13, 54
holmesiana, 48-49
intricata, 13, 48
irrasa, 13, 49, 50-51
var, divergens, 51
lobulata, 13, 48, 49
66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Crataegus macracantha, 13
matura, 13, 51, 52-53
modesta, 43, 44
peckii, 18, 48, 44-45
praecoqua, 13, 54, 55
pringlei, 45, 46-47
succulenta, 18-14, 57
uniflora, 88
Creeping spike rush, 58
Cuphea viscosissima, 59
Dalibarda repens, 24
Daphne mezereum, 14
Delucid thorn, 53-54
Dilatatae, 47-48
Dissonant thorn, 42-48
Dryopteris goldieana, 57
Duckweed, ivy-leaved, 58
Dwarf sumac, 59
Edible fungi, 4, 27-84; specimens, 5
Egglestons thorn, 55-56
Eleocharis palustris, 58
Entoloma griseum, 14
Eragrostis major, 58
Eriophorum alpinum, 24
Euonymus americanus var., 14
obovatus, 14
Explanation of plates, 60-63
Fagus americana, 59
ferruginea, 59
Fenno, rank H., Supplementary
List of Plants of the Susque-
hanna valley, 57-60
Plabellatae, 49-51
Fly amanita, 22
Forked russula, 31-32
Fries, cited, 28
Fungi, economic collection, 5
Galium aparine, 60:
asprellum, 60
boreale, 60
circaezans, 60
lanceolatum, 60
pilosum, 60
triflorum, 60
Geoglossum farlowi, 14
Glyceria elongata, 58
Goldenrod, early, 26
Goldie’s shield fern, 57
Gonnermann, cited, 23
Grass, alpine cotton, 24
cockspur, 58
long manna, 58
pungent meadow, 58
Graves thorn, 54
Gray, Asa, cited, 19, 22, 35
Groundsel, common, 26
Hairy bedstraw, 60
Haplosporella maclurae, 14
Haw, 386
Hawthorn, 36
Haymakers psilocybe, 33-34
explanation of plates, 63
Hazelnut, 58
beaked, 58
Hebeloma socialis, 15
Hitchcock, A. P., cited, 22
Holmes thorn, 48-49
Hydnum balsameum, 15
graveolens subzonatum, 24-25
macrescens, 15-16
Hypomyces boletinus, 15
Inocybe, chestnut, 16
explanation of plate, 60-61
excoriated, 16
explanation of plate, 61
fallacious, 17
explanation of plate, 61
scaly disked, 18
explanation of plate, 61
Inocybe castanea, 16
explanation of plate, 60-61
excoriata, 16-17
explanation of plate, 61
fallax Ay,
explanation of plate, 61
serotina, 17-18
squamosodisea, 18
explanation of plate, 61
Intricatae, 43-45
Intricate thorn, 48
Isaria brachiata, 18
Iva xanthiifolia, 18
Ivy leaved duckweed, 58
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903
Lactarius subvelutinus, 18-19
Lemna trisulea, 58
Liquorice, wild, 60
Torrey’s wild, 60
Lobulatae, 48-49
Lobulate thorn, 49
Manna grass, long, 58
Mary’s russula, 29-31
explanation of plate, 62
’ Meadow grass, pungent, 58
Mezereon, 14
Mitchella repens, 60
Mnium affine ciliare, 25
Modest thorn, 44
Molles, 45-47
Mountain sumac, 59
Mowers mushroom, 33-34
Mushrooms, deficiency, 4-5; edible,
5
Nardia obovata, 19
Otidea onotica, 25
Oxalis brittonae, 19
Panicularia elongata, 58
Panicum, wood, 58
Panicum crus-galli var. hispidum,
58
minus, 58
walteri, 58
Parsonsia petiolata, 59
Partridge berry, 60
Paspalum muhlenbergii, 20
prostratum, 20
Peck’s thorn, 44-45
Perilla frutescens, 19
Phacelia dubia, 19
parviflora, 19
Phaeopezia retiderma, 19
Pholiota, wormy, 32
explanation of plate, 63
Pholiota vermiflua, 32
explanation of plate, 63
Pilosace eximia, 25
Plants, contributors, list of, 8, 9-12;
species added to collection, 3, 7-
9; species not before reported, 4,
12-22
Plates, explanation of, 60-63
Podosphaera leucotricha, 19
Pringles thorn, 46-47
Pruinosae, 41-43
Psilocybe, haymakers, 838-34
explanation of plate, 63
Psilocybe foenisecii, 83-34
explanation of plate, 63
Puecinia simillima, 20
suaveolens, 25-26
Queen of the prairie, 22
Rabenhorst, cited, 23
Raspberry, black, 59
Rhus copallina, 59
Rimosi, 16, 17
Rubus occidentalis, 59
Rue anemone, 59
Rush, creeping spike, 58
Russula, forked, 31-382
explanation of plate, 63
Mary’s, 29-31
explanation of plate, 62
Russula densifolia, 20
var. paxilloides, 20
furcata, 20, 31-382
explanation of plate, 63
mariae, 29-31
explanation of plate, 62
Sarcoscypha rhenana, 20
Sargent, C. 8., cited, 35
Senecio vulgaris, 26
Sericella, 21
Shield fern, Goldie’s, 57
Sisymbrium altissimum, 26
Small, J. K., cited, 35
Smilax rotundifolia, 58
Solidago arguta, 26
canadensis glabrata, 26
juncea, 26
rugosa, 26
Spike rush, creeping, 58
Spiraea lobata, 22
Spurge laurel, 14
Stereum burtianum, 21
explanation of plate, 61
67
68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Sumac, dwarf, 59
mountain, 59
upland, 59
Susquehanna valley, supplementary
list of plants, 6, 57-60
Syndesmon thalictroides, 59
Tag alder, 59
Tarweed, 59
Tenuifoliae, 51-54
Thorn, 36
ascending, 51-52
Brainerds, 56
broad leaved, 47-48
Champlain, 45-46
conjoined, 41-42
contiguous, 50
delucid, 53-54
dissonant, 42-43
early, 55
Egglestons, 55-56
excluded, 47 —
Graves, 54
Holmes, 48-49
intricate, 43
lobulate, 49
mature, 52-53
modest, 44
Peck’s, 44-45
Pringles, 46-47
| Thorn, succulent, 57
unpolished, 50-51
Thorn apple, 36
Thorn bush, 36
Thorn tree, 36
Tomentosae, 38, 39, 57
Torrey, cited, 14
Torrey’s wild liquorice, 60
Tricholoma, two colored, 21
explanation of plate, 61
Tricholoma subluteum, 21
explanation of plate, 61
Tufted collybia, 27-28
Twin berry, 60
Ulmaria rubra, 22
Upland sumac, 59
Viola cucullata, 26-27
rotundifolia, 27
selkirkii, 27
Violet, blue, 26-27
round leayed yellow, 27
Waxweed, blue, 59
Wood panicum, 58
Wormy pholiota, 32
Xylaria grandis, 27
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of print.
v.1 Soils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11+371p. 21pl.
1846.
v.2 Analyses of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343+46p. 42pl. 1849.
With hand-colored plates. :
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
v.3 Fruits, etc. 8+340p. 1851.
v.4 Plates to accompany v. 3. 9g5pl. 1851.
and-colored.
v.5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture: 8f272p. sSopl. 1854.
With hand-colored plates.
DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York. 8v.
il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth.
v.1 Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System.
23+338p. gopl. 1847. Out of print.
v.2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System.
8+362p. 1o4pl. 1852. Out of print.
v.3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany
Sandstone. pti, text. 12+532p. 1859. [$3.50]
—— pt2, 143pl. 1861. [$2.50]
v.4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and
' Chemung Groups. 11+1+428p. gopl. 1867. $2.50.
v.5 ptr Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45pl. 1884. $2.50.
—— —— Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Ham-
ilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 5Ipl. 1885. $2.50.
—— pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helder-
berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text.
15+492p. v.2, 120pl. $2.50 for 2 v.
v.6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamil-
ton Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50.
v.7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oriskany, Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 64+236p. 46pl. 1888.
Cont. supplement to v. 5, pt2. Pteropoda, Cephalopoda and Annelida.
42p. 18pl. 1888. $2.50.
v.8ptr. Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachi-
opoda. 16+367p. 44pl. 1802. $2.50.
— pt2. Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+394p. 84pl. 1894. $2.50.
Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and
oe the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242p. O.
1853.
Handbooks 1893-date. 7!4x12™4 cm. :
In quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages. or less. Single Copies posipaid as below.
H5 New York State Museum. 52p. il.
4c.
Outlines history and work of the museum with list of staff 1902.
H18 Paleontology. 12p. 2¢. |
Brier outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition; Relation to
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H15 Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York.
124p. 8c.
Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks, prepared specially
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H16 Entomology. 16p. 2¢.
H17 Economic Geology. In press.
H18 Insecticides and Fungicides. 20p. 3c.
H19 Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32p. 3c.
Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State of New
York ; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th Museum Report,
v. aS 59x67 cm. 1804. Scale 14 miles to 1 inch. Separate edition out of
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4 Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch. Jn atlas
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_ 1901. Scale 12 miles to,I inch. 5c.
Clarke, J: M. & Luther; D. D. Geologic map of Canandaigua and Naples
Quadrangles. 1904. 20¢.
Issued as part of Paleontology 7.
Published monthly by the
New York State Education Department
BULLETIN 349 JULY 1905
New York State Museum
Joun M. Cuarxe Director
CHarR Les H. Peck State Botanist
Bulletin 94
BOTANY 8
rg
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 S|
MIEPACAUCTION . 6... 52. eee s knees 5 | RCE EU 62 no ore so 5 oe ee wnt 44
Plants added to the herbarium....9 | Explanation of plates............ 50
Contributors and contributions...12 | Plates P, Q, R, 87-93...... follow 53
Species not before reported...... Lo) 2 eri ae
Remarks and observations....... 35
ALBANY
NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
1905
Mbiosm-Jas-2500 Price 40 cents
STATE OF NEW YORK
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Regents of the University
With years when terms expire
1913 WuiTELAW Reip M.A. LL.D. Chancellor - - New York
1906 St CLarr McKetway M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L.
Vice Chancellor - - - - - - - - - = Brooklyn
1908 DaniEL BeacH Ph.D. LL.D. - - - - - - Watkins
1914 Puiny T. Sexton LL.D. - - - - - - -~- Palmyra
agt2 T. GuitForD SmitH M.A. C.E. LL.D. - - - Buffalo
1907 WitiiaAm NottincuamM M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - - Syracuse
t910 CHARLES A. GARDINER Ph.D. L.H.D. LL.D.
D.C.L.. - = - = fF = oe er = 8 = = New ars
rors Cuartes S.\ Francis B.S.:) = =) -- 5 >) 4 =) aTiroy
1911 EpwarpD LAuTERBACH M.A. LL.D. - - - New York
1909 Eucene A. Puitpin LL.B. LL.D. - ,- - - New York
1916 Lucian L. SHEDDEN LL.B. - - - - - - - Plattsburg
Commissioner of Education
ANDREW S. Draper LL.D.
Assistant Commissioners
Howarp J. Rocers M.A. LL.D. First Assistant Commissioner
Epwarp J. Goopwin Lit.D. Second Assistant Comntisstoner
Avucustus S. Downinec M.A. Third Assistant Commissioner
Secretary to the Commissioner ’
HarLan H. Horner B.A.
Director of Libraries and Home Education
Me.tvit Dewey LL.D.
/
Director of Science and State Museum
Joon M. CrarKke LL.D.
Chiefs of Divisions
Accounts, WILLIAM Mason
Attendance, JamMES D. SULLIVAN
Examinations, CHARLES F. WHEELOCK B.S. LL.D.
Inspections, FRANK H. Woop M.A.
Law, Tuomas E,. Finecan M.A.
Records, CHarLtes E. Fitcu L.H.D.
Statistics, H1ram C. CasE
?
New York State Education Department
Science Division, Jan. 16, 1905
Hon, Andrew S. Draper
Commissioner of Education:
My DEAR sir: I have the honor of submitting to you the fol-
lowing report of work done in the botanical department of the
State Museum for the year 1904.
Very respectfully yours
Joun M, CLarKE
Director
State of New York
Education Department
COMMISSIONER’S ROOM
Approved for publication Jan. 16, 1905
ASD
Re Bs
Commissioner of Education
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A Cae >. Fun
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New York State Education Department
New York State Museum
Joun M. CrarxeE Director
Cuar_Les H. Peck State Botanist
Bulletin 94
BOTANY 8
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904
Specimens of plants for the state herbarium have been collected
in the counties of Albany, Columbia, Essex, Fulton, Genesee,
Hamilton, Lewis, Livingston, Madison, Monroe, Otsego, Rensselaer,
Saratoga, Schenectady, Suffolk, Tompkins, Warren and Wyoming.
Specimens have been contributed that were collected in the
counties of Albany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Dutchess, Essex,
Greene, Hamilton, Herkimer, Monroe, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario,
‘Orleans, Richmond, Saratoga, Suffolk, Tioga, Tompkins and
Washington.
_ The number of species of which specimens have been added to
the herbarium is 321. Of these, 72 were not previously represented
in it and the remaining 249 are now better or more completely
represented. Of the 72 species, 9 are considered new or previously
undescribed species. These are all fungi. Descriptions of them
will be given in the following pages. The names of the species of
which specimens have been added to the herbarium are given
under the title “‘Plants added to the herbarium.”’
The names of those who have contributed specimens. and the
names of the species represented by their respective contributions
are given under the title “Contributors and their contributions.”’
Many of the contributed specimens belong to extralimital species.
Some of the specimens of mosses and hepatics contributed by
Prof. John Macoun, botanist of the Geological and Natural History
Survey of Canada, represent species found in the extreme western
and northwestern part of British America. In some cases, speci-
mens sent for identification have been in good condition and desir-
able for the herbarium. These have been preserved and credited
to the sender as a contribution. The number of contributors
is 54.
6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
In a third chapter, under the heading “‘Species not before re-
ported,” are the names of species new to our flora. This contains
the names of a few species that had previously been recorded and
were represented in the herbarium as varieties of other species,
but they have now been raised to specific rank and are herein
recorded as good species.. Remarks concerning habitats, descrip-
tions of new species, and the time of collecting the specimens, are
given under their respective species. The number of species re-
corded is 80. Of these 35 belong to the genus Crataegus.
In a fourth chapter, bearing the title ‘“‘Remarks and observa-
tions,”’ there is a record of new stations of rare plants, descriptions
of new varieties, remarks concerning peculiar or distinguishing
features of certain plants and new names given to some species as
required by the law of priority.
The number of identifications of species made for correspondents
and others, who have sent or brought specimens of plants to the
office of the botanist for this purpose, is 675. The number of per-
sons for whom identifications have been made is 100.
The number of species of mushrooms that have been tried and
approved as edible is 8. Descriptions of these and of a new variety
of a species previously found to be edible constitute a chapter
entitled ‘‘Edible fungi.” Colored figures of natural size have been
prepared of all these and placed on 7 plates, octavo size. The
number of New York species and varieties of edible mushrooms
previously reported is 153.
Colored figures of 5 new species are given on 3 similar plates.
The study of our Crataegus flora has been continued, and many
specimens of trees and shrubs of this genus have been collected.
The specific identity of many of these has not yet been determined.
Rochester and its vicinity have furnished plants from which 31
species of Crataegus have been described by Prof. C. S. Sargent.
Many of these were found within the limits of the city parks. By
the wise and careful forethought of Mr C. C. Laney, superintend-
ent of parks, labels have been placed on the particular thorn trees
and shrubs which furnished the material from which the descrip-
tions of the several new species were derived. Type trees, in a
genus in which many species resemble each other as closely as they
do in the genus Crataegus, possess a peculiar value and importance
and it is very fortunate in this instance, where so many type trees
and shrubs grow in such close proximity to each other and where
they can be protected, that they have been properly labeled with
their botanical names. It reduces very much any danger of mis-
takes in their identification.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 7
In order to collect typical flowering specimens of as many of
these species as possible, this prolific locality was visited in the
flowering time of these plants and specimens were collected. It
was again visited in autumn and a corresponding set of fruiting
specimens was collected, so that now most of the Rochester species
are well and, we believe, correctly represented in the state her-
barium. These specimens will serve as a standard with which to
compare specimens of closely related species collected in other
localities. They exhibit the specific characters in some respects
with greater precision than the words of descriptions can do.
It has been observed that there is some variability in the fruit
of some species even on the same shrub. The fruit on a certain
shrub of Crataegus delucida in 1903 was small, irregu-
lar and ‘“‘wormy.”’ The present year it was noticeably larger, fair
and sound.- The fruit of the Graves thorn, C. graves,
which is produced by a clump: of bushes near North Albany, is
variegated when mature and ripening, dull red and green colors
being intermingled. Three years in succession this clump has
borne fruit of this character. Its failure to ripen its fruit evenly
is due to the attacks of a parasitic fungus related to, if not the same
species as, the one that causes apple scab on apples. A clump of
bushes of the same species growing in Tivoli hollow bears fruit that
is fair and uniformly colored when ripe. It appears to be exempt
from the attacks of the fungus. The fruit on some plants has been
more persistent this year than it was last year. This is perhaps
largely due to the absence of many of the insects that usually prey
on thorn apples. It is probably also due in part to favorable
weather conditions. A plentiful supply of moisture has enabled
the plants to maintain their growth and vigor late in the season.
The more vigorous the plant the stronger its tendency to hold its
foliage and fruit. In some species the fruit regularly persists long
after the leaves have fallen.
The tendency of numerous species to crowd together in certain
localities is a noticeable character in these plants. It is not uncom-
mon to find two and three species growing close to each other and
intermingling their branches so intimately as to appear at first
sight to be a single intricately branched individual. If specimens
for the herbarium are taken from such a clump great confusion and
perplexity is likely to result unless the greatest care is taken not
to mingle samples from different species. But association on a
larger scale excites our wonder. That there should be 41 species
of Crataegus growing spontaneously in the parks of the city of
Rochester and in its immediate vicinity is a remarkable fact. On
8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Crown Point promontory, within an area of scarcely 50 acres, 13
species have been recognized, and in a certain locality within the
limits of Albany on an area of scarcely 2 acres there are 15 species
of Crataegus. Certain peculiarities of these groupings of species
are not devoid of interest. In the Rochester locality the section
Pruinosae is represented by 8 species, though C. pruinosa,
the pruinose thorn itself is absent. The section Tenuifoliae is
represented there by 11 species, but in the Crown Point locality
this section has no representative and the section Pruinosae has
but one and that is the pruinose thorn, the very one which is
absent from Rochester. Only 5 species are common to the two
localities, and these are species known to have a wide distribution.
The two most abundant species at Crown Point are the cockspur
thorn, C.crws-¢alli, and the round leaved thorn, C. coc=
cinea rotundifolia. These two species apparently con-
stitute fully one half of all the thorn growth of the locality. Sev-
eral of the other species are represented by only a few individuals
each. The dotted fruited thorn, C. punctata, is one of these
scantily represented species. It is a species of wide range and
probably occurs in more localities in our State than any other
species. If any place has but one species of thorn it is most likely
to be the dotted fruited thorn. If there are but two or three
species this is likely to be the most abundant one. About Albany
it and the cockspur thorn are common and nearly equal in abun-
dance. ‘Its slight representation in the Crown Point locality is
therefore somewhat strange.
The botanical department contributed specimens of 16 species
of edible mushrooms to the St Louis Exposition and, through the
Forestry Commission, photographs and other representations of
80 species of trees.
Mr Stewart H. Burnham was employed as temporary assistant
from July r to Sep. 21. He has made a rearrangement of the
books and pamphlets of the library, and of the duplicate and
extralimital specimens of the herbarium, has put typewritten labels
on the shelves of the library and of the herbarium in order to facili-
tate reference to books and to specimens, and has prepared type-
written labels for a series of several hundred species of fungi that
are kept in pasteboard boxes, placed these labels on the boxes and
arranged them alphabetically. He has also assisted in the corres-
pondence of the office and in disinfecting specimens. By his em-
ployment it was possible to keep the office open in the absence of
the botanist while engaged in field work.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904
PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM
New to the herbarium
Amanita crenulata Pk.
A. lignophila Atk.
A. tadicata Pk.
Arenaria leptoclados Guss.
Arisaema stewardsoni Britton
Boletus atkinsoni Pk.
B. laricinus Berk.
B. nobilis Pk.
B: rugosiceps Pk.
Botrychium tenebrosum A. A. Eaton
Bryum pendulum Schp.
Clavaria botrytoides Pk.
C. xanthosperma Pk.
Collybia amabilipes Pk.
Convolvulus repens L.
Cortinarius heliotropicus Pk.
Crataegus acclivis Sarg.
baxteri Sarg.
beata Sarg.
beckwithae Sarg.
benigna Sarg.
colorata Sarg.
compta Sarg.
cupulifera Sarg.
deweyana Sarg.
diffusa Sarg.
dunbari Sarg.
durobrivensis Sarg.
ellwangeriana Sarg.
ferentaria Sarg.
formosa Sarg.
fulleriana Sarg.
gemmosa Sarg.
glaucophylla Sarg.
hudsonica Sarg.
laneyi Sarg.
QANQQNAAABAARAHAAAANAD
aaaaasaaaana
Crataegus leiophylla Sarg.
C. lennoniana Sarg.
macauleyae Sarg.
maineana Sarg.
opulens Sarg.
ornata Sarg.
parviflora Sarg.
pedicellata Sarg.
persimilis Sarg.
rubicunda Sarg.
spissiflora Sarg.
streeterae Sarg.
tenuiloba Sarg.
verecunda Sarg.
Craterellus taxophilus Thom
Dipsacus laciniatus L.
Eocronartium typhuloides Atk.
Falcata pitcheri (T. & G.) Kuntze
| Fusarium aquaeductuum R. & R.
Galera capillaripes Pk.
Gyrostachys ochroleuca Rydb.
Hypholoma rugocephalum Atk.
Hypomyces banningiae Pk.
Hi inaequalis Pk. °
Lachnocladium semivestitum B. &C.
| Lactarius brevis Pk.
Nagel Br colorascens Pk.
Pholiota appendiculata Pk.
| Salix serissima (Bazl.) Fern.
| Sisyrinchium arenicola Bickn.
| Stachys sieboldi Mzq.
Teucrium boreale Bickn.
| Viola amoena Le Conte
V. latiuscula Greene
V. septentrionalis Greene
Zygodesmus granulosus Pk.
Not new to the herbarium
Actaea rubra (Azt.) Wrlld.
Agaricus abruptibulbus Pk.
A. campester L.
A. subrufescens Pk.
Allium tricoccum Azt.
Alsine borealis (Bzgel.) Britton
Amanita caesarea Scop.
A. muscaria L.
Amanitopsis volvata (Pk.) Sacc.
|
mene
|
| A.
NG
Amanitopsis vaginata (Bull.) Roze
Antennaria ambigens (Greene) Fern.
canadensis Greene
A. fallax Greene
neglecta Greene
petaloidea Fern.
iN plantaginea R. Br.
Anthemis cotula L.
_ Aquilegia vulgaris L.
Io
Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Torr.
Aristolochia clematitis L.
Artemisia stelleriana Bess.
Asplenium angustifolium Mx.
Asterodon ferruginosum Pat.
Bactridium ellisii Berk.
Bartonia virginica (L.) B.S. P.
Bidens frondosa L.
Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.) Rydb.
B. grandiflora (Bigel.)
Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Torr.
Blitum capitatum L.
Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
B. obliquum Muhl.
B. obliquum elongatum
GAapE
B. obliquum habereri Gilb.
B: obliquum oneidense
Clute
B. simplex Hitch.
Boletinus grisellus Pk.
B: porosus (Berk.) Pk.
Boletus clintonianus Pk.
cyanescens Bull.
eximius Pk.
felleus Bull.
frostii Russell
illudens Pk.
nebulosus Pk.
rubropunctus Pk.
Bovista plumbea Pers.
Brassenia purpurea (Mx.) Casp.
Brassica arvensis (L.) B.S. P.
BS rapa L.
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh
Cantharellus cinnabarinus Schw.
C@ floccosus Schw.
Carex. .castanea Wahl.
comosa Boott
crawei Dew.
formosa Dew.
hitchcockiana Dew.
lur. exundans Bail.
setifolia (Dew.) Britton
Cercospora circumscissa Sacc.
Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.)
Clavaria botrytes Pers.
C: cristata Pers.
C. platyclada Pk.
Dm WW Wh
oleKesoee ES)
NEW YORK STATE
MUSEUM
_ Claytonia caroliniana Mx.
OANA
Clitocybe albissima Pk.
candicans Pers.
centralis Pk.
clavipes Pers.
cyathiformis Fr.
eccentrica Pk.
ochropurpurea Berk.
Callens nigrodisca Pk.
Convolvulus spithamaeus L.
Coprinus micaceus L.
Cornus canadensis L.
| Cortinarius cinnamomeus Fr.
Crataegus holmesiana A she
macracantha Lodd.
pringlei Sarg.
tatnalliana Sarg.
succulenta Lk.
tomentosa L.
Gudonts circinans (Pers.) Fr.
lutea (Pk.) Sacc.
Cudoniella marcida (Mull.) Sacc.
Daedalea unicolor (Bull.) Fr.
Daphne mezereum L.
aaeag
| Dianthera americana L.
Diplodia conigena Desm.
| Discina orbicularis Pk.
| Eatonia pennsylvanica (DC.)
Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S.
E. acuminata (/x.) Nees
E. pal. vigens Bazl.
E. pal. glaucescens (Willd.)
Eragrostis eragrostis (L.) Karst.
Eriophorum alpinum L.
Erythronium americanum Ker
Eurotium herbariorum (Wigg.) Lk.
Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.
Filix bulbifera (L.) Underw.
Fistulina hepatica Fr.
Fragaria americana (Porter) Britton
F. vesca L.
Fraxinus nigra Marsh.
Geoglossum ophioglossoides (L.)
G. velutipes Pk.
Geum canadense Jacq.
Gratiola aurea Muhl.
Gyalecta pineti (Schrad.) Tuckm.
Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Kuntze
G. Sricta Rydb.
G. plantaginea (Raf.)
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 Il
Helvella infula Schaeff.
Hieracium praealtum Vzil.
Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt.
Hydnum adustum Schw.
H. fennicum Karst.
13h imbricatum L.
Jel vellereum Pk.
H. zonatum Batsch
Hydrangea arborescens L.
Hygrophorus flavodiscus Frost
Jal fuliginosus Frost
H. immutabilis Pk.
H: lau. decipiens Pk.
Hi pratensis (Pers.) Fr.
Hypholoma incertum Pk.
Ee sublateritium Schaeff.
Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray
Iris versicolor L.
Juncus acuminatus Mx.
‘iT: balticus Willd.
A's brachycephalus (Engelm.)
At marginatus Rostk.
Juniperus nanus Willd.
Lactarius alpinus Pk.
L. volemus Fr,
Larix laricinus (DuRoy) Koch
Lathyrus myrtifolius Muhl.
Lentinus lepideus Fr.
Tes suavissimus Fr.
Lenzites sepiaria Fr.
Lepiota cepaestipes Sow.
Leptoglossum luteum (Pk.) Sacc.
Leptorchis loeselii (L.) MacB.
Lilium superbum L.
Limnorchis dil. linearifolia Rydb.
Lithospermum oOfficinaie L.
Lobelia cardinalis L.
Lychnis alba Mill.
L. chalcedonica L.
Lycium vulgare (Azt.) Dunal
Malus coronaria (L.) Mzil.
Marasmius res. candidissimus Pk.
M. oreades Fr.
Mentha canadensis L.
Mikania scandens Wiild.
Morchella bispora Sor.
M. deliciosa Fr.
Myriophyllum verticillatum L.
Naias flexilis (Willd.) R.@ S.
Naumbergia thyrsiflora (L.)
| Omphalia austinii Pk.
| Onagra oakesiana (Gr.) Britton
Osmunda claytoniana L.
Oxalis corniculata L.
| O. cymosa Small
Panax quinquefolium L.
Panicum lanuginosum Ell.
Peramium pubescens (Willd.)
| Phacelia dubia (L.) Small
| Phlox subulata L.
Pholiota adiposa Fr.
ele togularis (Bull.) Fr.
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.)
Picea canadensis (Mzll.)
12 mariana (Mill.) B.S. P.
Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr.
Ie ulmarius Fr.
Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr.
Polygonum lapathifolium L.
Polystictus pergamenus Fr.
pseudopergamenus
Thum.
| Potamogeton natans L.
Potentilla argentea L.
Protomyces erythronii Pk.
| Prunus americana Marsh.
P cuneata Raf.
ig nigra Ait.
Ps pennsylvanica L.
Pterospora andromedea Nutt.
Quercus acuminata (Mx.)
Q. nana (Marsh.) Sarg.
QO. prinos L.
Ranunculus hispidus Mx.
Rhamnus cathartica L.
Rosa sayi Schw.
R. ~ setigera Mx.
Rubus canadensis L.
R. nigrobaccus Bazi.
R. odoratus L.
Rudbeckia hirta L.
R. laciniata L.
Rumex acetosa L.
Russula compacta Frost
earlei Pk.
flavida Frost
lepida Fr.
magnifica Pk,
mariae Pk.
virescens (Schaeff.)
rele sch ha
T2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Rynchospora alba (L.) Vahl
Salix amygdaloides Anders.
S. pet. gracilis Anders.
Sarracenia purpurea L.
Scirpus occidentalis (Wats.)
Ss. pedicellatus Fern.
Scrophularia marylandica L.
Selaginella apus Spring
Silene antirrhina L.
S. vulgaris (Moench)
Sisymbrium altissimum L.
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mzll.
Smilax hispida Muhl.
Solidago uniligulata (D C.) Porter
Specularia perfoliata (L.) DC.
Stachys aspera Mx.
Ss. palustris L.
Stereum complicatum Fr.
S. spadiceum Fr.
| Scleroderma vulgare Hornem.
| Teucrium boreale Britton
| Thymus serpyllum L.
| Tricholoma personatum Fr.
| Urnula craterium (Schw.) Fr.
| Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong
| Veronica byzantina (S. & S.)
Viburnum dentatum L.
Vi lentago L.
We opulus L.
Viola blanda Willd.
| V. palm. dilatata Ell.
| V. pap. domestica (Bickn.)
| V. pubescens Azt:
V. rotundifolia Mx.
enve scabriuscula (T. & G.) Schw.
| V. sororia Willd.
| Xyris montana Ries
Zygadenus elegans Pursh
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS
Mrs E. B. Blackford, Boston Mass
Amanita radicata Pk.
Mrs F. B. M. Cholwell, Old Forge
Amanita phalloides Fr.
Miss J. F. Conant, Melrose Mass
Hygrophorus pallidus Pk.
Mrs G. M. Dallas, Philadelphia Pa.
Eryngium virginianum Lam.
| Geopyxis nebulosa (Cke.) Sacc.
Mrs C. F. Davis, Falmouth Me.
Clitocybe clavipes (Pers.) Fr.
Mrs M. S. De Coster, Little Falls
Daphne mezereum L.
Miss H. A. Edwards, Port Henry
Pterospora andromedea Nutt.
Miss R.C. Fish, Norwich Ct.
Clitopilus tarduus Pk.
?
Mrs L. L. Goodrich, Syracuse
Phacelia dubia (L.) Small
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 13
Miss C. C. Haynes, Highlands N. J.
Bazzania triloba (L.) S. F. Gray Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dumort.
Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Lophozia barbata (Schreb.)
Dumort. L. incisa (Schrad.)
Cephalozia curvifolia (Dicks.) Plagiochila asplenioides (L.)
Dumort. Dumort.
C. lunulaefolia Dumort. Porella platyphylla (L.) Lindb.
Cololejeunea biddlecomiae (Aust.) Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Nees
Evans Radula complanata (L.) Dumort.
Conocephalum conicum Dumort. Scapania nemorosa (L.) Dumort.
Frullania asagrayana Mort. S. undulata (L.) Dumort.
F. eboracensis Gottsche Sphenobolus exsectus (Schm.)
Jamesoniella autumnalis (D C.) Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrh.)
Steph.
Mrs M. A. Knickerbocker, San Francisco Cal. °
Berberis pinnata Lag. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raj.)
Chrysoma ericoides (Less.) Greene Rhus integrifolia B. & H.
Croton californicus Mvell. Ribes sanguineum Pursh
Garrya elliptica Doug. | Sequoia sempervirens Endl.
Heteromeles arbutifolia Roem. | Vaccinium ovatum Pursh
Miss J. A. Moses, Jamestown
Viola rotundifolia Mx~x.
Miss C. S. Parsons, Albany
Rudbeckia hirta L.
Mrs J. M. Peters, Pleasant Valley
Hypholoma sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr.
Miss T. L. Smith, Worcester Mass.
Cantharellus brevipes Pk. Hypocrea pallida FE. & E.
Clitocybe decora Fr. _ Lepiota amianthina Scop.
Hexagona micropora Murrill | Pleurotus porrigens (Pers.) Fr.
Hydnum adustum Schw. _ Polyporus pubescens Schum.
inl vellereum Pk. PB: varius Fr.
Miss M. S. Whetstone, Minneapolis Minn.
Pluteus umbrosus Pers.
J. C. Arthur, Lafayette Ind.
Puccinia brickelliae Pk. | Puccinia simillima Arth.
Pp: malvacearum Mont. fer: viguierae Pk.
G. F. Atkinson, Ithaca
Amanita caesarea Scop. | Hypholoma rugocephalum Atk.
A. lignophila Atk. | Lachnocladium semivestitum B.&C.
|
A. mappa Fr. | Lactarius colorascens Pk.
Clitocybe asperulospora Atk. | Pholiota adiposa Fr.
Collybia amabilipes Pk. | Russula sordida Pk.
Coprinus ebulbosus Pk. Tricholoma sulphureum (Bull.)
Eocronartium typhuloides Atk. Uredinopsis atkinsonii Magn.
Hydnum imbricatum L. eo osmundae Magn.
I4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
A. M. Baker, Irondequoit
Geaster triplex Jungh.
H. J. Banker, California Pa.
Physalacria inflata (Schw.) Pk. | Scorias spongiosa (Schw.) Fr.
E. Bartholomew, Rockport Kan.
Uromyces gaurinus (Pk.) Long | Uromyces oenotherae Burrill
F. S. Boughton, Pittsford
Hyphomyces banningiae PR.
F. J. Braendle, Washington D. C.
Cortinarius braendlei Pk. Thelephora palmata Scop.
Phallus imperialis Schulz. Torrubia militaris (L.) Lk.
E. Brainerd, Middlebury Vt.
Viola cucullata Ait. Viola palmata dilatata Ell.
V. latiuscula Greene NE septentrionalis Greene
V. obliqua Hill Wi sororia IVilld.
S. H. Burnham, Vaughns
Aronia atropurpurea Britton Rhus glab. borealis Britton
Aster lat. thyrsoidea (Gr.) Sheldon Rosa sayi Schw.
Bidens frondosa L. Salix pet. gracilis Anders.
Favolus europaeus Fr. Sisyrinchium arenicola Bickn.
Gyrostachya ochroleuca Rydb. Stachys sieboldi Mzq.
Hebeloma illicitum Pk. Steironema lanceolatum (Walt.)
Hieracium marianum Wild. Thymus serpyllum L.
Hypomyces lactifluerum Schw. Trametes rubescens Fr.
Monarda punctata L. Tremella fuciformis Berk.
Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hook. Tricholoma personatum Fr.
Polyporus elegans Fr. — | Urnula craterium (Schw.) Fr.
P. pallidus S.& K. Vicia angustifolia Roth
_G. D. Cornell, Cooper’s Plains
_ Panax_quinquefolium L.
S. Davis, Boston Mass,
Agaricus comtulus Fr. | Pholiota togularis (Bull.) Fr.
Clitocybe brumalis Fr. Tricholoma pallidum Pk.
Hypholoma incertum Pk. ie 4 BE terr. fragrans Pk.
F. Dobbin, Shushan
Convolvulus repens L. ! Stemonitis fusca Roth
C. spithamaeus L. |
C. E. Fairman, Lyndonville
Armillaria nardosmia Ellis Hydnum spongiosipes Pk.
Clitocybe eccentrica Pk. Russula crustosa Pk.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST Igo4
T5
F. E. Fenno, Nichols
Crataegus tomentosa L,
' Juncus acuminatus M~x.
1c balticus Willd,
tie brachycephalus (Engelm.)
A marginatus Rostk.
Lobelia kalmii L.
Panicum xanthophysum Gray
Parnassia caroliniana Mx.
Polygala viridescens L.
|
| Polygonum lapathifolium L.
Roripa sylvestris (L.) Bess.
Rosa setigera Mx.
Rynchospora alba (L.) Vahl.
lal 6 capillacea Torr.
| Scirpus pedicellatus Fern.
| Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
| Smilax hispida Muhl.
Solidago uniligulata (D C.)Porter
'
G. B. Fessenden, Boston Mass.
Lactarius regalis Pk.
B. D. Gilbert, Clayville
Bryum pendulum Schp.
| Camptothecium nitens Schp.
N. M. Glatfelter, St Louis Mo.
Gyromitra brunnea Underw.
| Panus meruliiceps Pk,
C. C. Hanmer, East Hartford Ct.
Guepinia spathularia Schz.
J. V. Haberer, Utica
Achroanthes monophylla (L.) Greene
A. unifolia (Mx.) Raj.
Adopogon carolinianum Britton
Alsine borealis (Bzgel.) Britton
Arenaria leptoclados Guss.
Jake serpyllifolia L.
Antennaria canadensis Greene
A. fallax Greene
A. neglecta Greene
a parlinit Fern.
A. petaloides Fern.
A. plantaginea B. Br.
Artemisia stelleriana Bess.
Asclepias tuberosa L.
Bartonia virginica (L.) B. S. P.
Blephariglottis grandiflora (Bigel.)
Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
B. obliquum Muh.
B obliquum elongatum
G. & H.
B. obliquum habereri Gilb.
B obliquurn oneidense
Clute
B. simplex Hitch.
B. tenebrosum Eaton
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh
Ceanothus americanus L.
Fragaria vesca L.
Galium mollugo L.
Geranium bicknellii Britton
_ Gyrostachys cernua (L.}
men ochroleuca Rydb.
G. plantaginea (Raj.)
Ge praecox (Walt.) Kuntze
G. stricta Rydb.
| Lactuca virosa L.
Leptorchis loeselii (L.) MacM.
Limnorchis dil. linearifolia Rydb.
Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh
Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B. S. P.
Myniophyllum verticillatum L.
Naias flexilis (Willd.) R. & S.
Oxalis corniculata L.
Peramium pubescens (Willd.)
Polygonella articulata (L.)
Rhamnus cathartica L.
Rumex acetosa L.
Scrophularia marylandica L.
Selaginella apus Spring
Silene antirrhina L.
Sorbus aucuparia L.
Specularia perfoliata (L.) D C.
Stachys palustris L.
Ss. aspera Mx.
Teucrium boreale Bickn.
Valeriana uliginosa Rydb.
Verbascum lychnidis L.
+ Xyris montana Ries
16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
W. Herriot, Galt Ont.
Carex lupuliformis Sart.
Leontodon hispidus L.
Linaria minor Desf.
H. H. Hindshaw, Albany
Anthoceros laevis L.
Bulgaria inquinans Fr.
E. A. Lehman, Winston-Salem N. C.
Merulius lacrymans (Jacq.) Fr.
R. B. Mackintosh, Peabody Mass.
Boletus parasiticus Bull:
B. rubropunctus Pk.
Hydnum fennicum Karst.
Hydnum vellereum Pk.
Lepiota rhacodes (Vitt.) Fr.
J. Macoun, Ottawa Can.
Amblystegium fluviatile B. & S.
A. subcompactum C. M.
Gils
Andraea petrophila Ehrh.
Aneura latifrons Lindb.
A. pinguis Dumort.
Anthoceros laevis L.
Aulacomnion palustre (L.) Schwaegr. |
A. palustre imbricatum
BL ISe
A. palustre subimbrica-
tum Kindb.
A. turgidum (Wahl.)
Barbula circinnatula C. M.& K.
B. convoluta Hedw.
Bazzania trilobata (L.) S. F. Gray
Biatora uliginosa (Schrad.) Fr.
Blepharostoma setiforme (Ehrh.)
B. trichophyllum (L.)
Brachythecium glareosum Bruch
By salebrosum B. & S.
Bryum arcticum B. & S.
auromontanum Kindb.
caespiticium L.
capillare L.
cirrhatum H. & H.
cyclophyllum B. & S.
dawsoniense Will.
duvaliu Vozt
ery. gaspeanum Kindb.
haematophyllum Kindb.
intermedium Brid.
klondikense Kzinab.
micans Limpr.
mucronigerum Philib.
Dod WdWn WoW
Bryum pseudotriquetrum Schwaegr.
Calliergon cordifolium Hedw.
C. giganteum Schp.
C. stramineum Dicks.
C. subgiganteum Kindb.
Camptothecium nitens Schreb.
G; nitens microthecium:
Kinab. -
Campylium stellatum Schreb.
Catascopium nigritum Brid.
Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.)
C. leucantha Spruce
C. media Lindab.
C. pleniceps (A ust.)
Ceratodon columbiae Kindb.
Chiloscyphus polyanthos Cd.
Climacium dendroides W. @ M.
Corticium canadense Burt
C, calc. glebulosum Fr.
C: croceum (Kunze)
C. crustaceum Karst.
C. effuscatum C. & E.
C; galactinum (Fr.) Burt
©. greschikii Bres.
C. pinicolum Tw.
_ Cynodontium strumiferum Ehrh.
Pee torquescens (Bruch)
Wire} wahlenbergii (Brid.)
Dicranella crispa Schp.
D. secunda (Sw.) Lindb.
Dicranum bergeri Bland.
D. bergeri brevifolium Lindb..
1OB bergeri rupincola Kinab.
1, a? elongatum Schwaegr.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 17
Dicranum elongatum attenuatum
Kindb.
elongatum
lium K,
fragilifolium Lindb.
fuscescens Turn.
leioneuron Kindb.
muehlenbeckii B. & S.
schisti Lindb.
spadiceum Zett
sphagni Wahl.
subpalustreC. M.@& K.
sulcatum Kindb.
Didymodon baden-powelli Kindb.
Diplophylleia albicans (L.) Trev.
ay taxifolia (Wahl.) Trev.
Distichum capillaceum B. & S.
Ditrichum flex. densum Kindb.
subfragilifo-
OYHsyyyyy 8
B). inclinatum Ehrh,
D. macouni C. M.& K.
jay pallidum Hampe
Eurhynchium edentulum Kindb.
E. strigosum (Hoffm.)
E. strigosum praecox
Hedw.
E. strigosum robustum
Kinab.
Fissidens grandifrons Brid.
ite osmundoides (Sw.)
Fontinalis hypnoides Hartm.
F. novae-angliae Sulliv.
F. squamosa L.
Fossombronia foveolata Lindb.
Frullania eboracensis Gotts.
Grandinia papillata B. & C.
Gymnomitrium coralloides Nees
Hymenochaete corrugata Fr.
Hypnum aduncum L.
amblyphyllum Wz.
cupressiforme L.
exannulatum Guemb.
fluitans L.
kneifia B.& S.
molluscoides Kindb.
plumiferum Mztt.
revolvens Swartz
rugosum L.
schreberi Willd.
subimponens Lesq.
uncinatum Hedw.
ss
pe Fe Fe
Isothecium myosuroides (L.) Brid.
Kantia trichomanes (L.) S. F. Gray
Lecanora elatina Ach.
L: elatina ochrophaea Tuckm.
L, pallescens (L.) Schaer.
Leptobryum pyriforme (L.) Schp.
Lophocolea foveolata Lindb.
L, minor Nees
Lophozia barbata (Schreb.)
floerkii (W. & M.)
inflata (Huds.)
kunzeana Hueben.
lyoni Tayi.
minuta Crantz
rutheana Limpr.
saxicola (Schrad.)
ventricosa (Dicks.)
eesia albertini B. & S.
trichodes (L.) Spruce
M. uliginosa Hedw.
Merulius bellus B. & C.
Mnium blyttii B. & S.
M hymenophyllum Bry. Eur.
M macouni Kinab,
M. macrophyllum Kindb.
M
M
ee See ete
medium B..& S.
_ pseudolycopodioides C. M. &
K
M. rugicum Laur.
M. subglobosum B. & S.
Myurella apiculata B. & S.
M. julacea B. & S.
Odontoschisma macouni A ust.
Orthotrichum anomalum Hedwi.
O. porteri Aust.
O. schimperi Hamm.
Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.)
-Paludella squarrosa (L.) Brid.
Peniophora cinerea (Fr.)
Phascum cuspidatum Schreb.
Philonotis aciculare-pungens C. M. &
K.
alpicola /Jurat.
font.microthamniaeK inab.
trichophorum (Spruce)
olytrichum hyperboreum R. Br.
juniperinum Willd.
juniperinum alpinum
Kinab.
piliferum Schreb.
sd oD
a)
18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Polytrichum strictum Banks
Porella pinnata L.
Pseudoleskea malacoclada C. M. &
K.
Psilopilum glabratum Lindb.
Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Nees
Saxicola lophozioides Evans
Scouleria muelleri Kindb.
Sebacina calcea (Pers.) Bres.
Sphagnum acutifolium R. & W.
Sphagnum girgensohni Russ.
S medium Limpr.
Stereum sulcatum Burt
Ss} tuberculosum Fr.
Thuidium abietinum Bb. & S.
Thuidium philiberti Limpr.
Webera albicans Schp.
W. annotinum Schwaegr.
W. cruda Schp.
W nutans Hedw.
C. McIlvaine, Cambridge Md.
Lentinus vulpinus Fr.
| Simblum rubescens Gee
F. H. Mickleborough, Brooklyn
Hypomyces inaequalis Pk,
G. E. Morris, Waltham Mass.
Agaricus micromegethus Pk.
Boletinus grisellus Pk.
Cortinarius morrisii Pk.
Hydnum adustum Schw.
C. H. Prescott, Albany
Boletus clintonianus PR.
| Boletus laricinus Berk,
C. S. Sargent, Jamaica Plain Mass.
Crataegus acclivis Sarg.
baxteri Sarg.
beata Sarg.
benigna Sarg.
colorata Sarg.
compta Sarg.
conjuncta Sarg.
cupulifera Sarg.
deweyana Sarg.
diffusa Sarg.
dunbari Sarg.
durobrivensis Sarg.
ellwangeriana Sarg.
ferentaria Sarg.
forbesiae Sarg.
formosa Sarg.
fucosa Sarg.
gemmosa Sarg.
glaucophylla Sarg.
"s, laneyi Sarg.
2 CRO OO! OC ON LACID £2) CAOED 50:2 O
DODO ADANDIAIOAOOS HO
Crataegus leiophylla Sarg.
lennoniana Sarg.
holmesiana Ashe
macauleyae Sarg.
maineana Sarg.
matura Sarg.
ornata Sarg.
opulens Sarg.
parviflora Sarg.
pastorum Sarg.
pedicellata Sarg
persimilis Sarg.
pringlei Sarg.
rubicunda Sarg.
spissiflora Sarg.
streeterae Sarg.
succulenta Lk.
tenuiloba Sarg.
thayeri Sarg.
verecunda Sarg.
E. B. Sterling, Trenton N. J.
Cyclomyces greenei Berk. | Lactarius corrugis Pk.
F. C. Stewart, Geneva
Ccleosporium senecionis (Pers.) Fr. | Fusarium aquaeductuum Rk. & R.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 EO ies
D. R. Sumstine, Kittanning Pa.
Grifola sumstinei Murrill Pholiota luteofolia Pk.
Hvdnum earleanum Sumst. Pleurotus umbonatus Pk,
C. Thom, Storrs Ct.
Craterellus taxophilus Thom
C. Thal, Milwaukee Wis.
Cortinarius heliotropicus Pk.
H. L. Ward, Milwaukee Wis.
Lepiota acutesquamosa Weinm.
J. E. Weaver, Rochester
Lentinus lepideus Fr.
D. O. Wickham, Hotel Champlain
Clavaria pistillaris L. ; Clitocybe multiceps Pk.
Geaster minimus Schw.
D. B. Young, Albany
Morchella deliciosa Fr.
SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED
Amanita crenulata Pk.
Among fallen leaves in woods. Port Jefferson. August. In
our specimens the pileus is more yellow and its margin more dis-
tinctly striate than in the type specimens. The mealiness at the
top of the stem and the flocculent edge of the lamellae in some of
the specimens are also yellowish.
Amanita lignophila Atk. ined.
Decaying wood in woods beyond Forest Home near Ithaca.
G F Atkinson. A rare species similar in size and shape to
Amanita mappa but separable from it by the grayish
brown color of the pileus, the solid stem and the thicker mem-
brane of its volva. The spores are globose, granular within and
.0003-.0004 of an inch in diameter,
Amanita radicata Pk,
Sandy soil in woods and open places. Port Jefferson, Suffolk co.
August. In our specimens the warts of the pileus are smaller
than in the typical form.
Arenaria leptoclados Guss.
Wet rocky- places near Little Falls. October. J. V. Haberer.
This is A. serpyllifolia var. tenuior Koch of Synop-
tical Flora of North America, fasc. 2 p. 239. Introduced.
20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Arisaema stewardsoni Britton
Moist rich soil in woods. Lake Bonaparte. June. Similar to
A. triphyllum in size and general appearance, but easily
separated from it by the white spadix and spathe. Forms having
a pale but striped spathe sometimes occur and appear to be inter-
mediate between the two species.
Boletus atkinsoni n. sp.
PLATE R, FIG. I-5
Pileus fleshy, convex or nearly plane, dry, grayish brown or
yellowish brown, sometimes minutely rimosely squamulose, flesh
white, taste mild; tubes convex, plane or slightly concave in the
mass, adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, 3-4 lines long,
the mouths minute, at first whitish and stuffed, soon open and
yellow or subochraceous; stem stout, equal or slightly thickened
at one or both ends, solid, reticulated wholly or at the top only
with fine anastomosing brownish lines, pallid; spores fusiform or
oblong, .0004-.0005 of an inch long, .c0016—.0002 broad.
Pileus 3-4 inches broad; stem 2-4 inches long, 6-12 lines thick.
Woods. Port Jefferson. August. The species belongs to the
section Edules. The reticulations of the stem are so delicate
that they sometimes nearly disappear in drying.
Boletus laricinus Berk.
Under larch trees, Larix decidua Mill. Washington
park, Albany. October. C.H. Prescott. Edible.
Boletus nobilis n. sp.
Woods. Port Jefferson. August. Edible. For description of
the species see article on edible fungi.
Boletus rugosiceps n. sp.
PLATE Q, FIG. 6-10
Pileus firm, fleshy, very convex or hemispheric, becoming broadly
convex, dry, rugosely pitted, ochraceous, sometimes tinged with
red or orange, occasionally rimose areolate, the thin margin often
extending slightly beyond the tubes, flesh white or whitish; tubes
at first closed, depressed around the stem, their mouths yellow,
becoming darker with age, minute, round; stem firm, subequal,
solid, with elevated longitudinal lines or ridges, dotted with numer-
ous brownish or yellowish points, pallid, often narrowed at the
base; spores oblong fusiform, .c006-.0008 of an inch long, .co02-
.00024 broad.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I904 Ot
Pileus 1-3 inches broad; stem 3-4 inches long, 6-8 lines thick.
Woods. Port Jefferson. August. This species grows with
B. rubropunctus, from which it is easily separated by its
dry pileus, smaller tubes and stouter stem. This is large in pro-
proportion to the size of the pileus. In both the scabrously dotted
stem is suggestive of Boletus scaber, but both are separ-
able from that species by the yellow color of the tubes and the dif-
ferent dots of the stem.
Botrychium tenebrosum A. A. Eaton
Deerneld, Oneida: cor july.e-|.. Vo Haberer™ > This mise onemor
the smallest of the grape ferns.
Bryum pendulum Schp.
Clayville, Oneida co. B. D. Gilbert.
Cladonia verticillata Hoffm.
Adirondack mountains. Formerly considered a variety of
C. gracilis, but now deemed worthy of specific distinction.
Clavaria botrytoides n. sp.
Ground in woods. Port Jefferson. August. Edible. For de-
scription of the species see the article on edible fungi.
Clavaria xanthosperma n. sp.
Stem very short, firm, solid, divided into numerous branches,
white, sometimes becoming red where wounded, ultimate branches.
short, blunt or obtusely dentate at the apex, the axils rounded,
the whole plant white, becoming yellowish or cream-colored with
age; spores pale yellow, oblong, .c005-.0006 of an inch long, .ooo16-
.ooo2 broad, slightly and obliquely pointed at one end.
Woods. Smithtown, Suffolk co. August.
It forms tufts about 2 inches high.
Collybia amabilipes Pk.
Dead trunks. Near Ithaca. June. G. F. Atkinson. Readily
distinguished by®its tawny, velvety stem.
Convolvulus repens L.
Shushan, Washington co. August. F. Dobbin. This species.
may be distinguished from C. spithamaeus by its long
trailing or twining stems and by the rounded basal lobes of its
leaves.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
to
NO
Cortinarius heliotropicus n. sp.
PLATE P, FIG. I-7
Pileus thin, broadly campanulate, convex or nearly plane,
fibrillose, viscid, heliotrope purple, generally spotted or variegated
by yellowish white spots, flesh whitish, taste mild or slightly and
tardily acrid, odor slight, resembling that of radishes; lamellae
narrow, thin, close, rounded behind, adnexed, concolorous with
the pileus when young, cinnamon when mature; stem firm, solid,
or spongy within, usually slightly thickened at the base, silky
fibrillose, viscid, whitish, spotted with purple or colored like the
pileus, white within, spores elliptic, .coo4-.0005 of an inch long,
.0002-.00024 broad.
Pileus 1-2.5 inches broad; stem 1.5-3 inches long, 2-4 lines
thick.
Woods. Smithtown. August. This is one of the most beauti-
ful species of Cortinarius. It belongs to the section Myxacium.
In some specimens the spots on the pileus are large or confluent,
in others they are almost or entirely absent, but usually they are
small and distinct. The purple color of the lamellae is persistent
for some time. In large specimens. the margin is sometimes
adorned by fibrillose scales of the veil.
Craterellus taxophilus Thom
Decaying vegetable matter under branches of ground hemlock,
Taxus ccan ade na sus. “Ithaca. «October... Ce hom:
Crataegus persimilis Sarg.
Near Eastern avenue continued, Rochester. This species is
allied to C. crus-galli from which it may be separated by
its smaller flowers, more numerous stamens, more highly colored
fruit and more conspicuously glandular serrate calyx lobes.
Crataegus beata Sarg.
Near the roundhouse of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Rochester.
Also reported from several other places in and near Rochester.
The 20 stamens with dark maroon colored anthers constitute a
peculiar character of this species. It and the seven following
species belong to the section Pruinosae. In all of them the fully
grown but unripe fruit is more or less pruinose.
Crataegus lennoniana Sarg.
Seneca park, Rochester. Reported from Adams Basin, Monroe
co., and Murray, Orleans co., by M. S. Baxter and from Buffalo by
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 23
J. Dunbar. In this and the preceding species the flowers have 20
stamens with red anthers and the fruit is longer than broad.
Crataegus leiophylia Sarg.
Seneca park, Rochester. This thorn takes its specific name from
the smoothness of its leaves. Its flowers have 20 stamens but the
anthers are pale yellow. Its fruit remains green and pruinose late
in the season, ripening in November.
Crataegus formosa Sarg.
Seneca park, Rochester. It has been reported from Buffalo by
Mr Dunbar. Its stamens are 20 and the anthers pale yellow. Its
fruit also is longer than broad. The tips of the calyx lobes are
often deciduous from the ripe fruit.
Crataegus compta Sarg.
Seneca park and Genesee Valley park, Rochester. It has also
been found at Rush, Monroe co. and Avon, Livingston co. by Mr
Baxter and at Buffalo by Mr Dunbar. Its stamens are 10 and the
fruit is generally longer than broad, and is often somewhat pointed
at the base. It is peculiar in having a bitter taste. The mature
leaves are dark bluish green on the upper surface.
Crataegus diffusa Sarg.
Seneca park, Rochester. Niagara Falls. C. §S. Sargent. A
shrub with numerous stems and widespreading branches. Its 10
stamens with purple anthers constitute one of its peculiar features.
On vigorous young shoots the leaves are sometimes as broad as
they are long and they have petioles shorter than those of the
leaves on lateral or fertile branches. The fruit is similar in size
and shape to that of C. compta.
Crataegus opulens Sarg.
Eastern bank of the Genesee river in the northern part of Roches-
ter. The opulent thorn is a rare but well marked species. In the
leaves of young and vigorous shoots the basal pair of lobes is
enlarged and distinctly separated from the pair above by deep clefts
in the margins of the leaf. This gives a three lobed appearance to
the leaf. Sometimes the basal lobes are themselves slightly lobed.
The fruit is either globose or depressed globose.
Crataegus maineana Sarg.
West side of Seneca park, Rochester. Near Portage, Livingston
co. Also found at Adams Basin by Mr Baxter and at Buffalo by
24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Mr Dunbar. The late ripening globose fruit and the bronze red
autumnal foliage are noticeable characters of this species. It has
to stamens with purple anthers as in C. diffusa, but in its
almost deltoid or triangular leaves and its nearly entire calyx lobes
it is quite distinct from it.
Crataegus baxteri Sarg.
Seneca park, Rochester. It has also been found at Honeoye
lake by Mr Baxter and at Chapinville, Ontario co. by Professor
Sargent. It and the next following species belong to the section
Intricatae.
Crataegus verecunda Sarg.
Seneca park, Rochester. This is at present the only known
locality of this very rare thorn. It is a smaller shrub than the
Baxter thorn and its smaller fruit is longer than broad. The fruit
of C. baxteri is nearly or quite globose and ripens later.
Crataegus fulleriana Sarg.
In the northern part of Rochester on the east bank of Genesee
river. It has been found at Rush and Rochester Junction, Mon-
roe co., by Messrs Baxter and Dunbar. This and the two follow-
ing species belong to the section Mélles. The Fuller thorn is a fine
and an attractive species. Its flowers have 20 stamens and its large
scarlet hairy but shining fruit is longer than broad. It may be
either rounded or pointed at the base and is crowned by the long,
very narrow and persistent calyx lobes which constitute a peculiar
feature of the species.
Crataegus ellwangeriana Sarg.
Rochester and near Portage, Livingston co. The Ellwanger
thorn becomes a tree of considerable size. It differs from the
Fuller thorn in having only 8-10 stamens in its flowers, in its.
shorter, stouter spines, shorter pedicels and broader calyx lobes.
Crataegus spissiflora Sarg.
Genesee Valley park, Rochester. Between North Albany and
Menands, east of Troy road. The peculiar character of this species
and one suggestive of the specific name is its small compact clus-
ters of flowers. Much of the hairiness of its inflorescence and
early foliage disappears with age. Its fruit is generally a little
longer than broad. It is glabrous when ripe and of a bright scar-
let color, beautiful to behold.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 25
Crataegus durobrivensis Sarg.
Banks of the Genesee river in the northern part of Rochester.
Near North Albany. It has also been found at Niagara Falls by
C. S. Sargent and at Buffalo by J. Dunbar. The Rochester thorn
has flowers with 20 stamens, rose-red anthers and 4-5 styles. The
calyx lobes are slightly hairy inside, the fruit is globose or nearly
so and is said to persist on the branches till midwinter. The species
has been placed by Professor Sargent in the section Dilatatae,
though somewhat aberrant in its characters. In our synopsis of
the species we have placed it temporarily in the section Lobulatae,
from which it diverges in its more numerous stamens.
Crataegus acclivis Sarg.
Steep banks of the Genesee river in the northern part of Roches-
ter. It has also been found at Rush by M.S. Baxter and at Niagara
Falls by C. S. Sargent. It is a large fine species easily recognized
by its nearly erect branches and its large bright red fruit which is
generally a little longer than broad. It sometimes retains, when
ripe, some of the hairiness which is so noticeable on the calyx at
flowering time. A peculiar feature of the species consists of the
broad, lunate, coarsely serrate and persistent stipules which are
found on young and vigorous shoots. The lowest pair of lobes
on some of the large leaves of these shoots is larger than the others.
The flowers have 5-7 stamens with pink anthers. This and the
next following species belong to the section Lobulatae.
Crataegus pedicellata Sarg.
Rochester. The pedicellate thorn is a large, handsome and
attractive species scarcely less beautiful in fruit than in flower.
The fruit is either oblong or pyriform and of a bright scarlet colar.
It is crowned by the generally persistent, erect or incurved, glan-
dular serrate calyx lobes. Its 10 stamens have rose-red anthers.
The 1o following species belong to the section Tenuifoliae.
Crataegus parviflora Sarg.
Seneca park, Rochester. It has also been found at Rush by
M. S. Baxter. It may be recognized when in bloom by its loose
clusters of small flowers supported on long, branched, slender
peduncles. The stamens are 5-6, the anthers pink and the styles 2-3.
Crataegus streeterae Sarg.
Genesee Valley park, Rochester. A peculiar feature of this
species is the long acuminate point of its leaves. The blades of
23 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
some of the leaves of vigorous young shoots aremoreor less wrinkled.
The stamens are 7-10, the anthers rose-red and the styles 3-4.
Crataegus glaucophylla Sarg. .
Seneca park and Genesee Valley park, Rochester. Westport,
Essex co. In the typical form of this species the leaves at flower-
ing time have a glaucous bloom on the upper surface and are pale
and glaucous beneath. This glaucous bloom is sometimes wanting.
The stamens vary from 5-10 and the anthers are rosy red. On
vigorous shoots the leaves are sometimes slightly cordate. The
fruit is longer than broad, bright red or scarlet and sometimes
hangs on the branches long after the leaves have fallen.
Crataegus ornata Sarg.
Genesee Valley park, Rochester. Found also at La Salle,
Niagara co., by J. Dunbar. On fertile branches the leaves are
often oblong ovate but on vigorous young shoots they are broadly
ovate. The stamens are 1o, the anthers rose-red and the styles
2-3. The fruit hangs in drooping clusters, is of a bright scarlet
color and quite ornamental.
Crataegus rubicunda Sarg.
Genesee Valley park, Rochester. It has been found at Buffalo
by J. Dunbar. It closely resembles the preceding species, from
which it differs in the slight hairiness of the calyx and pedicels, in
the red flesh of the fruit and in the yellowish green color of the
foliage.
Crataegus tenuiloba Sarg.
River bank south of Rochester. The thin lobed thorn has ovate
or broadly ovate leaves and is similar in its general characters to the
two preceding species but it differs from them in having smaller,
fewer flowered clusters and in its bright scarlet fruit which is gradu-
ally narrowed toward the base.
Crataegus colorata Sarg
Genesee Valley park, Rochester. It has also been found at Mur-
ray, Orleans co. by M. S. Baxter and at Buffalo by J. Dunbar. It
differs from the five preceding species in having its ripe fruit crim-
son instead of scarlet. Its stamens are 1o, anthers rose-red and
styles 3-4. Its branches bear numerous spines which are slender or
stout, straight or curved.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 277
Crataegus beckwithae Sarg.
Genesee Valley park, west side of. the river, Rochester. The
Beckwith thorn differs from all the preceding species of this section
in its globose fruit, It is sometimes full and rounded at the base
and sometimes pointed. It is dark crimson when ripe an‘ its flesh
is tinged with red. The calyx lobes at flowering time are marked
on the inside toward the tips with minute white dots. This peculiar
character is present in all our flowering specimens. The leaves are
broadly ovate or almost triangular. On vigorous young shoots
some of them are slightly cordate.
Crataegus dunbari Sarg.
East bank of the Genesee river in the northern part of Rochester.
It has also been found at Adams Basin by M. S. Baxter and in Dela-
ware park, Buffalo by J. Dunbar. The Dunbar thorn differs de-
cidedly from all the preceding species of this section in its leaves
which are oval or suborbicular and become much thicker and firmer
with age. The fruit is globose or subglobose and crimson when ripe.
The stamens are ro, anthers red, styles 3-4.
Crataegus benigna Sarg.
Genesee Valley park, Rochester. The benignant thorn is unlike
any of the previously recorded species of this section in having 15-20
stamens. The anthers are red and the fruit, which is longer than
broad, is scarlet. The leaves are often truncate or slightly cordate
at the base, specially on leading vigorous shoots.
Crataegus cupulifera Sarg.
Seneca park, west side, Rochester. It has also been found at
Rush and Honeoye lake by M. S. Baxter, and at Buffalo by J. Dun-
bar. The cup-bearing thorn has the flowers cup-shaped. The
stamens are ro, the anthers pink, the styles 3-4 and the calyx lobes
hairy inside. The fruit is globose or nearly so and is scarlet when
ripe.
Crataegus macauleyae Sarg.
Genesee Valley park, Rochester. The Macauley thorn may
readily be distinguished from the preceding one by its 20 stamens
with pale yellow anthers. It has 4-5 styles and its ripe fruit is crim-
son and has a more prominent calyx rim. The fruit in both is nearly
alike in size and shape. Both species belong to the section Coccineae.
Crataegus gemmosa Sarg. i: wd
Genesee Valley park, Rochester. In this species the leaves are
oval or occasionally rhomboidal or obovate. The stamens are 20,
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Coo
2
anthers rose-red and styles 2-3. The ripe fruit is scarlet, a little
longer than broad and crowned with a ‘calyx rim. The calyx lobes
are hairy inside, reflexed and fringed on the margin with long stipi-
tate glands.
Crataegus deweyana Sarg.
Hagaman swamp near Rochester. It has also been found at
Rush by M.S. Baxter. In the Dewey thorn the leaves are ovate or
broadly ovate and sharp pointed or acuminate. The stamens are
7-10, the anthers dark rose-red and the styles 2-3. The ripe fruit is
scarlet, globose or subglobose and destitute of a calyx rim. The
calyx lobes are not strongly or conspicuously glandular serrate.
Crataegus ferentaria Sarg.
Near the roundhouse of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Rochester.
The light armed thorn has oval or rhomboidal leaves acute at the
apex and rounded or broadly cuneate at the base. The petioles are
generally less than half an inch long and they often become red
toward the end of the season. The stamens are 10, anthers pale
yellow, styles two and calyx lobes distinctly glandular serrate.
The ripe fruit is crimson, globose or subglobose and destitute of a
prominent calyx rim. The ventral cavities of the nutlets are deep
and sometimes crowd upon or cut through the lateral walls.
Crataegus laneyi Sarg.
Genesee Valley park, Rochester. The Laney thorn may be dis-
tinguished from the three preceding species by its having 10-15
stamens, pale yellow anthers, 2-4 styles and a villose inflorescence.
It and the other three species mentioned belong to the section
Tomentosae.
Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg.
North and west of North Albany. In this plant the fruit is globose
or oval, and the leaves are often more or less twisted or contorted
on the margin, as if there was an excessive development of tissue in
that part of the blade. In the leavesof C. pringlei the reverse
condition appears to prevail. The margin of the leaf is decurved,
apparently because of a deficient development: of the marginal
tissue or an excessive development of the central portion of the
leaf. This makes the leaf convex above, concave beneath.
Crataegus hudsonica Sarg.
Tivoli hollow between Albany and West Albany. This species
is closely related to C. suborbiculata Sarg. and like that
species it has suborbicular leaves. It differs from it in having the
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I904 290
leaf lobes more sharp pointed, in having fewer styles and nutlets
and in its globose mostly drooping and uniformly red fruit. Its
styles and nutlets are generally 3. Its flowers open about May 20
and its fruit is ripe about the middle of October.
Of the 35 species of Crataegus here recorded, specimens of 33
were collected in and near Rochester. In order to indicate more
clearly the distinguishing features of the Rochester species, some of
which resemble each other very closely, the following synoptic
tables of the sections and species have been prepared. The table of
the sections is intended to include only the Rochester species. A
few species found in and about Rochester but not recorded in the
preceding pages, they having been previously reported, have been
included in the table of species. They areCrataegus crus-
Said, C, punctata: Cipring lei, Gy holumes tana
Cc ntatwrta, C. macracamtha, Co sitectlen tavang
CsLomen t:os a ; ;
Synopsis of the sections
Nutlets with the ventral faces excavated........ Tomentosae
Nutlets with the ventral faces not excavated............. I
rt Leaves gradually narrowed to a short petiole............... 2
meabeaves Hot: having this:charactera sci a. - alse. ese 3
21 pper surface of the leaves’shimine)). :.2 4.408 . Crus-galli
2 Upper surface of the leaves not shining. ........ Punctatae
Belciutt large, more than 6 lines lonesome |.....0.2s oso ee eee 4
Beeb rut medium or small; 6 lines: lonssorless: 5. #3 2.crte ee 5
4 Flower clusters hairy, ripe fruit more or less hairy
except im O.2 stp, is sticts Gomigas! io Soe ao eee Molles
4 Flower clusters hairy or glabrous, ripe fruit glabrous
except in Oi garcie lity iGreen Lobulatae
5 Eruit distinctly pruimose- before ripeness Pruinosae
5 Pruit not distinetly priuinosé before ripening.) oa, eae 6
6 Leaves thin, glabrous except when young...... Tenuifoliae
6 Leaves becoming thick or subcoriaceous with age....... a
fore cui falling whilecyer hares. 5 aye tees Intricatae
7 Fruit becoming soft before falling..................™~Coccimeae
Synopsis of the species
CRUS-GALLI
Stamens Io Co. Cian Sepals
Stamens 10-20 C..,persi1rmalas
PUNCTATAE
Stamens 20 Coo phe Geese
30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
MOLLES
Stamens 15-20 C.. ful Le-riaeie
Stamens 8-10 I
1 Ripe fruit hairy 2
t Ripe fruit glabrous CoS pis 64, Pieoma
2 Some of the mature leaves convex C. pringles
2 None of the mature leaves convex C: -ellwian. er named
LOBULATAE
Stamens 20 Coiad U2'o-bir dive tains
Stamens 10 Cx pied pee lla
Stamens 5-8 3
3 Fruit hairy C...a cre aevaie
3 Fruit glabrous C:.\ holmesitanga
PRUINOSAE
Stamens 15-20, anthers red or maroon 4
Stamens 15-20, anthers pale yellow or whitish 5
Stamens 7-10 6
4 Anthers dark maroon color . Co bre*antaa
4 Anthers red C ye tn omitivadage
5 Fruit ripein November, calyxrim prominent C. leiophylla
5 Fruit ripe in October, calyx rim absent CLOT more
6 Fruit longer than broad | 7
6 Fruit not longer than broad 8
7 Fruit bitter, anthers red C. ‘colmipire
7 Fruit sweet, anthers purple C.. ‘der tiara
8 Leaves on vigorous shoots often trilobed, anthers red
Cop ulema
8 Leaves on vigorous shoots not trilobed, anthers purple
C... m1 aa n’e ame
INTRICATAE
Fruit subglobose, 6 lines long C:\baxters
Fruit oblong or obovate, 4—5 lines long €. verecunda
TENUIFOLIAE
Fruit longer than broad 9
Fruit not longer than broad 14
g Stamens 5-6, anthers pink, fruit crimson C. parviflora
g Stamens 7-10, anthers red, fruit scarlet Gress rele Frenare
g Stamens 7-10, anthers purple, fruit scarlet
C2. ¢ lac p basita
g Stamens 10 . fe)
9g Stamens 15-20 C; ‘benigna
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 Be
10 Fruit narrowed toward the base, obconic
Cte nndtlkovbra
to Fruit not obconic II
1z Ripe fruit scarlet ees
11 Ripe fruit crimson 13
12 Pedicels and calyx glabrous C.ornata
12.Pedicels and calyx slightly hairy Coar wD tesa
13 Fruit ripe in August C. matura
13 Fruit ripe in September C.. colo rate
14 Leaves triangular ovate, styles 5 C:be-¢ cow it lyare
14 Leaves oval or suborbicular Cod wean, brant
COCCINEAE
Stamens 10, anthers pink, fruit scarlet C.cupulifera
Stamens 20, anthers pale yellow, fruit crimson
C777. ¢ pr eayeare
TOMENTOSAE ~*
Stamens 20, anthers red 15
Stamens 1o, anthers pale yellow 16
Stamens 7-10, anthers red C. deweyana
Stamens 1o-15, anthers pale yellow Cos atone. ves
15 Leaves ovate or ovate oblong C2 :i:0, meat Osea
15 Leaves elliptic Ce See eine ita
15 Leaves orbicular © C..! -& emai Osa
16 Fruit drooping, spines 1.5-2.5 inches long C. ferentaria
16 Fruit erect, spines 2.5-4 inches long C Umaeraca nt hia
Dipsacus laciniatus L.
Near Beaver park, Albany. August. This is a recently intro-
duced species but it appears to be well established here but being
within the city limits it may not persist many years. It may be
distinguished from the common teasel, D. sylvestris, by its
_laciniate or pinnatifid leaves. Its flowers are paler than in that
species.
Eocronartium typhuloides Atk.
Living moss, Anomodon attenuatus. Cascadilla
woods near Ithaca. July. G. F. Atkinson.
Falcata pitcheri (T. & G.) Kuntze
North Greenbush and West Albany. This species is not very
unlike F. comosa, (Amphicarpaea monoica of the
older botanies) with which it was formerly united. It is chiefly
distinguished by its larger leaves and the tawny villosity of its
stem.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ww
is}
Fusarium aquaeductuum R. & R.
Refrigerator drains. Geneva. September. F.C. Stewart. Our
specimens of the ‘‘refrigerator fungus’’ were taken from the drain-
pipe of a house refrigerator. The fungus sometimes multiplies till
it chokes the drain and stops the outflow of the water.
Galera capillaripes Pk.
North Elba, Essex co. August. This little mushroom resembles
Gialera/tenera incolor, but it is much smaller and has a very
slender, ‘,almost ,filiform stem, more narrow and distant lamellae
and smaller spores.
Geranium bicknellii Britton
Ledges and rocky places. Near Brownsville, Jefferson co.
June, C. HH. 'Peck.oLbittle Falls: “October)-)]. -Vertaberer
Gyrostachys ochroleuca Rydb.
Roadsides and pastures in rather dry soil. Lake Pleasant.
August. C. H. Peck. Dry hillsides, near Ballston lake. S. H.
Burnham. This species is closely allied to G. cernua.
Hexagona micropora Murrill
Dead branches. Verona, Oneida co., and South Bay, Madison
core aly
This species is closely related to and was formerly included in
Hexagonaalbv'eolaris.-(DC,), which 41s -equivalentame
Favolus europaeus Fr. It may be separated from it, by
its smoother pileus and smaller pores.
Hypholoma rugocephalum Atk.
Low moist ground. Port Jefferson. August. G. F. Atkin-
son. This species is at once recognizable by its brown rugose
pileus.
Hypomyces banningiae Pk.
Parasitic on some mushroom which it transforms to such a degree °
as to render it unrecognizable. Pittsford, Monroe co. August.
F. S. Boughton.
Hypomyces inaequalis Pk.
Parasiticon Amanita rubescens. Catskill mountains.
F. H. Mickleborough. The parasite prevents the expansion of the
pileus and whitens both stem and pileus. In the preceding species
the spores have no septum, in this one they have a single septum
near one end. They are therefore divided into two unequal parts
and this suggests the specific name.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 33
Lachnocladium semivestitum B. & C.
Low marshy places. Smithtown. August. G. F. Atkinson.
This fungus might easily be mistaken for a species of Clavaria, but
careful inspection shows that it is clothed toward-the base by a
minute downy white tomentum.
Lactarius brevis n. sp.
PLATE Q, FIG. I-5
Pileus thin, broadly convex, plane or slightly depressed in the
center, glabrous, azonate, whitish, sometimes with a slight aluta-
ceous tinge, flesh white, milk whitish, quickly changing to sulfur
yellow on exposure to the air, taste acrid; lamellae thin, narrow,
crowded, adnate, whitish or pallid; stem short, equal or slightly.
tapering downward, solid or somewhat spongy within, glabrous,
white; spores subglobose, .coo3 of an inch long, .00025-.0003
broad.
Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem about 1 inch long, 2-4 lines thick.
This species is closely related to L. theiogalus from which
it may be separated by its white or whitish color, its smaller size,
solid or stuffed stem and the absence of tomentum from the base
of the stem.
Lactarius colorascens n. sp.
Pileus thin, nearly plane, becoming centrally depressed, moist,
glabrous, whitish or pallid when young, becoming brownish red
with age, milk white, changing to sulfur-yellow on exposure to the
air, taste bitter; lamellae thin, close, adnate or slightly decurrent,
whitish, becoming yellowish with age; stem equal, solid, even,
whitish, becoming brownish red with age; spores globose, rough,
.0003 of an inch in diameter.
Pileus 1-2 inches broad; stem 1-1.5 inches long, 2-3 lines thick.
Woods. Port Jefferson. August. G. F. Atkinson. In the
mature plant the color is similar to that of L. camphoratus,
but the species is very distinct in the color of its milk and in its
bitter taste.
Pholiota appendiculata n. sp.
PLATE P, FIG. 8-17
Pileus fleshy, firm, broadly convex or nearly plane, viscid when
moist, shining, squamose with appressed spotlike scales, appendi-
culate on the margin with fragments of the veil, dark red when
young, soon fading to pink and sometimes becoming yellowish
brown or grayish brown, flesh at first purplish red, specially in the
lower part, whitish or pale yellow when mature; lamellae thin,
34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
close, rounded behind, adnexed or decurrent with a tooth, pale
yellow or almost white, becoming brownish; stem short, firm,
solid or with a small cavity, white above, brownish and squamose
below the slight evanescent annulus; white within, the veil white,
at first concealing the young lamellae, soon breaking into frag-
ments and partly adhering to the margin of the pileus, partly to
the stem.
Pileus 1-3 inches broad; stem about 1 inch long, 2-4 lines thick.
Decaying sawdust. McLean, Tompkins co. July. The annu-
lus consists of a row of scales or fragments of the veil around the
upper part of the stem, the greater part of the veil usually adhering
to the margin of the pileus. The color of the spores prevents the
reference of the species to the genus Hypholoma.
Salix serissima (Bail.) Fern.
North Elba and Lake Bonaparte. June. This willow has
recently been separated from Salix lucida to which it was
formerly joined as a variety. Its leaves are merely acute or short
pointed at the apex, paler on the lower surface, very finely glandu-
lar serrate, the petioles have 1-3 pairs of glands at the top:and the
fertile aments are very late in ripening their capsules.
Scirpus occidentalis (Wats.) Chase
Oneida lake, Thompson lake and Lake Bonaparte. This bul-
rush was formerly considered a variety of Scirpus lacustris,
but it has recently been published as a distinct species. It is dis-
tinguished from S. lacustris by its two cleft style, its smaller
lenticular achene and its pubescent scales.
Sisyrinchium arenicola Bickn.
Sand barrens between Rossville and Kreischerville, Richmond co.
May. S. H. Burnham.
Stachys sieboldi Miq.
Cinder dumps along the railroad north of Whitehall. Sep-
tember. S. H. Burnham. Introduced.
Teucrium boreale Bickn.
Low moist ground. South side of Oneida lake. J. V. Haberer.
Uredinopsis atkinsonii Magn.
Living fronds of the marsh shield fern, Dryopteris the-
lypteris. Near Ithaca. August. G. F. Atkinson.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 35
Uredinopsis osmundae Magn.
Living or languishing fronds of cinnamon fern, Osmunda
cinnamomea. Near Malloryville, Tompkins co. August.
G. F. Atkinson.
Viola amoena LeConte
Wet places. Common in hilly and mountainous districts. In
Flora of the State of New York this is united with V iola blanda,
but as the tendency at the present time is toward the separation
of closely related forms it seems best to restore this violet to its
original specific rank,
Viola latiuscula Greene
Light gravelly soil. Minerva. This species was found in flower
early in May. In our specimens the lower leaves have a slight
purplish tinge.
Viola septentrionalis Greene
Borders of woods and grassy places. Warrensburg, Warren co.,
and Minerva, Essex co. The northern blue violet was found in
flower the last week of May. Its lower leaves are small, reniform
or suborbicular, its upper ones are bluntly pointed and its sepals
are ciliate.
Xyris montana Ries
Borders of White lake, Forestport, Oneida co. rally RANE
Haberer. It also occurs in Cranberry marsh, Sandlake, Rensselaer
co. It was formerly thought to bea variety of X. flexuosa,
but it is now separated as a distinct species.
Zygodesmus granulosus Pk.
Decaying wood of poplar. East Schaghticoke. August.
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS
Agaricus abruptus Pk.
In his Monograph I, p. 348, Elias Fries described a mushroom
under the name Agaricus abruptus. In Hym. Eur.
p. 245, he placed this species in his subgenus Flammula, still
retaining for it the original name. In Sylloge the subgenus Flam-
mula, with many other subgenera of Fries, was given generic rank |
and the name Agaricus abruptus was changed to
Flammula abrupta, thus vacating the name Agaricus
abruptus and leaving it available for some other applica-
tion. But Rule 5 of what is known as the Rochester code
forbids the use of such names, and though this rule may not be
accepted in its present form by the coming international congress
36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
of botanists, I have thought it best to change thename Agaricus
abruptus Pk. and several other names given under similar
conditions, so that they shall not conflict with this rule. I there-
fore substitute the name
Agaricus abruptibulbus forAparicus abampe
tus Pk. -N. Y. State Mus: Memn45p- 162
Agaricus chlamydopus for Agaricus (cot mem.
nats Pk.’ Torr: Bor Club ysulaa- ppm
Agaricus halophil ws for Agaricus) aia tae
mus Pk” “Torr, Bot-Club saulao. pH 100
Agaricus magniceps for Agaricus magnifi-
Cus Pk. “Tom Bot sClub saul 20" p, Oy,
Agaricus micro meget hus-for Agaric ws spessee
lws “Pk. N. Yoastater Mus acath ent dneprt p01 52
Agaricus pracrimosws, for Agarucus: teromee
laris) Pk dlomVBors, Club, Bully oc ps.325
Agaricus pilosporus for Agaricus sphaero-
Sp orus Pk. Sor. sBot, Club Bals 21, p13
Agaricus cothurtnat us Pr: 1s) considered “an syle
the equivalent of Stropharia cothurnata. fr eingime
manner
Agaricus Maritim us Prois [mocy be mari tac
Be
Agaticus magniticus Fr. us Ama ait fama
eet Cat vere .
Agaricus pustius Pers\4as Viollwvara a Up alma uelee
Weinm.
Agarieus tia biada ris /Perous' D1 cho lo mi a to meee
mo po di wim s(Ball5)
Agaricus sphaerosporus “Krombh)-4s\ Le pions
Mateei nia Air.
‘Antennaria canadensis Greene
Near North Albany. May. This species is common in the
northern and eastern part of the State, but the staminate plants
are rarely seen. I have found them only in the single locality
here indicated.
Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.) Rydb.
Karner. July. \Thists Habiemarivas ciliacis Ri Bree
Gray’s Manual. It is a rare species in our State at the present
time, but it is said to have been more common many years ago.
In New York State Cabinet of Natural History, 18th Rep’t, p. 136,
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 o
it is recorded as having been found on the Pine plains of Schenectady
but in my numerous botanizing trips in this region it was not found
till this year. It appears to have recently become established in
the Karner locality, as it was found in a place frequently visited
before. The plants were few and were growing among low shrubs
in a rather dry place. The flowers are very beautiful.
Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Torr.
Low moist ground. East Schaghticoke. August. Rare.
Botrychium obliquum Muhl.
This grape fern is common in Oneida county, and is as variable
as it is common. Dr Haberer has collected numerous specimens
of it in the vicinity of Utica and has contributed to the herbarium
a fine series of specimens representing all of our published varieties
Of it:
Cantharellus cinnabarinus Schw.
This small chantarelle was found in abundance near Port Jef-
ferson in August. In one station several forms of it were growing
in close proximity. In one form the whole plant had the usual
cinnabar red color, but in some of the plants the stem was hollow.
In another form the color of the pileus and stem was red as usual,
but the lamellae were yellow. In a third form the cap was pale
pink as if its normal color had faded. A fourth had pale pink
lamellae and the margin of the pileus was strongly curved upward,
making the pileus appear narrow and giving the whole plant a
club shape. In a fifth form the whole plant was yellow. In all
except the first the stem, so far as investigated, was hollow. But
the most remarkable thing in the variations is the difference in the
color of the spores. We are disposed to consider the color of the
spores in any given species as one of its most constant and reliable
characters. Butinthiscase the plants with red or pink lamellae had
spores that appeared pink in the mass, those with yellow lamellae
shed yellow spores. Yet the spores were alike in size and shape,
and we are obliged to conclude that all these forms belong to one
species.
Carex castanea Wahl.
This rare sedge was credited to Essex county in the Flora of the
State of New York, on the authority of Dr Kneiskern. In my own
explorations in the county I had never met with it till the past
season. It was found growing sparingly near Minerva. It is an
early flowering species. It is Carex flexilis Rudge.
38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Carex formosa Dew.
This rare species was found in Seneca park, Rochester, on June 1.
It was then in good condition for collecting.
Carex setifolia (Dew.) Britton
Limestone rocks, cliffs and precipices are generally given as the
habitat of this pretty little sedge. But it is not limited to such
places. Fine specimens of it were found in July growing in wet,
mucky soil in woods about Bergen swamp. In more open wet
places near it the rare Carex crawei Dew. was found.
Cercospora circumscissa Sacc.
This fungus was plentiful in the region about Lake Pleasant the
past season. It attacks the living leaves of the chokecherry and
the wild blackcherry. It kills the leaf tissues in small circular spots,
and the dead tissues soon separate from the living and fall, leaving
clean-cut circular perforations in the leaf.
Cypripedium reginae Walt.
A form of this showy species occurs in Bonaparte swamp in
which the whole flower is white.
Eleocharis palustris vigens Bail.
This is a tall stout variety growing in shallow water. It was
found growing in Oneida lake at Lakeport and specimens were
collected. Variety glaucescens was found growing in low wet
places at South Bay and in Bonaparte swamp. Judging from the
external appearance alone it would be difficult to believe that
these two plants are varieties of the same species.
Eriophorum alpinum L.
The alpine cotton grass is now plentiful in one place in Bona-
parte swamp though it was not seen in my exploration of the
swamp in 1899. It is also abundant in an old meadow near Elm
lake in Hamilton county.
Fragaria americana (Porter) Britton
This strawberry is abundant in groves and the borders of woods
at Lake Bonaparte. The flowers are scarcely more than 3 lines
broad.
Gratiola aurea Muhl.
Fine specimens with slender weak stems a foot or more long
were found growing in the marshy borders of a lake near Smith-
town, Suffolk co.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 39
Hieracium praealtum Vill.
This noxious weed has become very abundant in Lewis county.
From Lyon Falls to Carthage it is plentiful along the railroad, in
pastures and meadows and by roadsides. It is also common along
the Carthage and Adirondack Railroad. It rivals buttercups and
daisies in giving color to meadows infested by it. The orange
hawkweed, Hieracium aturantiacwm, which is asso-
ciated with it in some places and which is no less pestilential, was
not seen here.
Hydnum adustum Schw.
An unusual form of this fungus was found in the western part
of the State by G. E. Morris. The pileus is shaped like the bow]
of a goblet by the upward curving of its margin and the stem is
central. The whole plant is white.
Hygrophorus laurae decipiens n. var.
Pileus thin, stem slender, less than 6 lines thick, generally ces-
pitose and attenuated at the base, pileus not changing color in
drying, gills also nearly unchangeable. Edible. Near Elm lake,
Hamilton county. September.
Hypholoma sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr.
In October specimens of the brick-red hypholoma were sent to
me with the statement that two persons who had eaten stewed
mushrooms of this kind had been made sick by them. In one case
“a severe headache with tingling and numbness in hands
and arms and a feeling of general weakness and relaxation”’ devel-
oped in 15 hours after eating and lasted half an hour. In the
other case the person “‘was attacked with violent nausea and
purging.’ The difference in the symptoms of the two persons
and the long time between the eating and the development of the
symptoms led me to think that the mushrooms were not responsible
for the sickness. It seemed to me that by some mistake the sam-
ples sent me were not the same kind as those that had been eaten
or that the sickness was due to some other cause. As the samples
sent me were still in fairly good condition, I concluded to try
their edible quality myself. Three caps were selected, fried with
butter and eaten. No harm and no unpleasant results followed,
and my opinion of the innocence of the mushrooms was confirmed.
It is proper to add that in the typical form of the species the
taste is said to be bitter, but in these specimens no bitter flavor
was perceptible, though in other respects they exhibited the char-
acters of the species.
40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Juniperus nanus Willd.
A large form of this juniper occurs at Lake Bonaparte. It
forms circular patches as usual, but the branches are more erect
and much taller. They are 6-8 feet tall and have a basal diameter
of 2-4inches. The leaves are 4-6 lines long and sometimes abruptly
sharp pointed, sometimes gradually tapering into a subulate point,
This form seems to make an approach toward Juniperus
communis.
Limnorchis dilatata linearifolius Rydb.
Hidden lake, Herkimer county. J. V. Haberer. This variety
may be distinguished from the typical form of the species by its
more narrow linear leaves.
Marasmius resinosus niveus Pk.
As there isa Marasmius niveus Mont. a rigid observ-
ance of the rules of the Rochester code requires that this variety
name should be changed. I therefore substitute for the name
given in the report for 1902, p. 38, Marasmius resinosus
eandidi1ssim us.
Osmunda claytoniana L.
This common fern sometimes grows in “‘fairy rings.’’ Three
examples of this kind of growth were seen at Lake Pleasant. In
one there was a continuous line of fronds forming an ellipse of
which the long diameter was about 3 feet. In another they formed
about three fourths of the circumference of a circle, the line being
interrupted in one place. In the third example the line was con-
tinuous and formed the circumference of a circle of which the
diameter was about 2 feet. All the rings were near each other in
a meadow.
Oxalis cymosa Small
This is a common species in the eastern part of the State. It is
very variable, being glabrous or villose above and glabrous below
or wholly villose. Its flowers are usually yellow, but sometimes
they are very pale yellow or almost white. The color of the stem
and leaves varies from yellowish green to purplish brown.
Phacelia dubia (L.) Small
Near Jamesville, Onondaga co. May. Mrs L. L. Goodrich.
The specimens are in fine flowering condition. Specimens collected
and sent by Mrs Goodrich in October 1903 were also in flower.
The two sendings show that the plant may flower either in spring
or in autumn.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 41
Picea canadensis (Mill.) B.S. P.
Lake Pleasant. June. The white spruce occurs sparingly in
various parts of the Adirondack region. All of our spruces as well
as the hemlock drop their leaves from the drying branches in con-
sequence of which it is difficult to prepare satisfactory herbarium
specimens. I have tried in various ways to overcome this diffi-
culty and have inquired of many botanists both of this country
and of Europe if they could tell me how to prepare specimens of
these branches so that they might retain their leaves. Recently
Mr William Richards gave me a recipe which was intended to
meet this difficulty. It was taken to a druggist who prepared a
sufficient quantity for trial. As soon as opportunity was given,
specimens of suitable size both of the white spruce and the black
spruce were taken and treated according to directions. The
result has been quite satisfactory. The specimens have dried and
retained their leaves to the present time. The color of the leaves
is slightly affected, but the specimens are far more satisfactory than
the bare twigs with leaves placed in packets by themselves. For
the benefit of any who may wish to avail themselves of this
method of preparing specimens of this kind a copy of the recipe
is here given.
Rectpe
For the treatment of fresh herbarium specimens of spruce and
hemlock trees to prevent the leaves from falling from the twigs.
alum 500 er.
salt Fone
saltpeter Goma”
potash 200.=5
white arsenic 100
Dissolve in 1 quart of water, cool and filter. To 1 quart of this
solution add 4 quarts of glycerin and 1 quart of alcohol.
Immerse the fresh specimens in this mixture, letting them remain
in it at least 48 hours. When taken out wash away any excess of
mixture adhering to them with warm water.
After the external moisture has evaporated the specimens may
be placed in drying papers and put in press in the usual way. When
thoroughly dry they may be mounted on the herbarium sheets and
placed in the herbarium.
Prunus americana Marsh.
This species of wild plum is common in the vicinity of Albany.
It blossoms a little later than Prunus nigra. Its calyx
lobes often terminate in two or three minute teeth.
42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Prunus pennsylvanica L. f.
A small tree of the wild red cherry was observed at Lake Bona-
parte, the ripening fruit of which was white. Is it an albino?
Pterospora andromedea Nutt.
Port Henry. August. Miss H. A. Edwards. The contributed
specimen is in fruiting condition, 35 inches long with a stem dia-
meter of 33; of an inch and bears more than 60 capsules. In Flora
of New York State this species is credited to “various places in the
vicinity of Albany,’’ but it seems to have disappeared entirely
from this locality. It is also credited to Port Henry, having been
found there more than 60 years ago. It is gratifying to know that
it still exists there.
Rosa sayi Schw.
Griswold’s Mills, Washington co. July. S. H. Burnham.
This rose also occurs in the vicinity of Westport.
Rudbeckia hirta L.
Two forms of this very common weed, both of which were new
to the herbarium, were found by Miss C. S. Parsons in the western
suburbs of the city.
Rudbeckia laciniata L.
This plant is subject to the attacks of a gall-producing insect.
Specimens sent by Mrs Burnham from Washington county have
from 1-3 globular green galls developed from the side or base of
each head of flowers. In one example a branch 1.5 inches long had
developed at a right angle to the stem just beneath the flower head.
The branch itself bore a flower head.
Salix amygdaloides Anders.
A single tree of this species was found by Mr R. B. Hough at
Lake Bonaparte. It is 25 or 30 feet tall, with a trunk diameter
of about 8 inches. It extends the range of the species in our State
farther north than before, but the species is known to occur still
farther north in Canada. Its presence at Lake Bonaparte may
be accidental, as only a single tree has yet been found there. To
the six species of willow previously found in Bonaparte swamp,
Salix ‘cordatalvand VSa luxe ne Taw should = besaddeas
making eight species in all.
Sarracenia purpurea L.
Two specimens of the pitcher plant were found growing on the
margin of the roadbed of the railroad that runs through Bona-
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 43
parte swamp. This roadbed is a sandy gravel of which a com-
ponent part is decomposed crystalline limestone, which is abund-
ant in that vicinity. The plants were only a few inches above
the general level of the swamp. Both were in flower, but the
flowers were very abnormal: Instead of the usual sepals, petals and
stamens, there were numerous oblong or spatulate petaloid organs,
green on the inner surface and more or less tinged with reddish
brown on the outer. In one there were about 30, in the other about
45 of these pseudopetals. The ovary was imperfectly developed
and the usual peltate stigmatic disk was transformed into erect
irregular folded or crumpled leaflike lobes. The whole flower was
suggestive of a ‘‘double blossom” of greenish petals. The unnatural
habitat of limestone gravel and sand was the only apparent cause
of the transformation. Other plants with flowers of the usual kind
were growing near these, but in the soft wet soil of the swamp.
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
Machias, Cattaraugus co. July. F.E.Fenno. This is a pecu-
liar form having few flowered simple stems and narrowly elliptic
or ovate leaves.
Stereum spadiceum Fr.
A form of this species was found near Port Jefferson in which
the pilei were crispate complicate as in Stereum compli-
eatum.
Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong
The fruit of the star-flowered Solomon’s seal is described in our
botanies as sometimes black, and sometimes green with six black
stripes. A form was found in Bergen swamp the fruit of which
was green with three black stripes.
Viburnum lentago L.
The leaves of this species are described as ovate. A form was
found near Delanson, Schenectady co. of which the leaves vary
from very broadly ovate to nearly orbicular. Another form was
found on Crown Point of which the leaves are oblong and pointed
at each end. Its fruit is destitute of bloom and ripens earlier than
in the typical form. This may prove worthy of varietal dis-
tinction.
Viola palmata dilatata Ell.
Wooded hillside near Saugerties. May. In these specimens
some leaves have the broad central lobe, others are not lobed at
all. It seems to be intermediate between the variety and an
entire leaved form.
44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Viola papilionacea domestica (Bickn.) Poll.
Streets and waste places of Port Jefferson. August. This so
called variety is so unlike the typical form of the species that to
most minds it would be far more satisfactory to consider it a dis-
tinct species unless there are connecting forms.
EDIBLE FUNGI
Lepiota cepaestipes Sow.
ONION-STEMMED LEPIOTA
PLATE, 67) hiG. Ty
Pileus thin, fleshy in the center, ovate or obtusely conic, be-
coming campanulate or expanded, broadly umbonate, soon squamu-
lose except in the center, dry, plicate striate on the thin margin,
white, the umbo and squamules brownish, flesh white, taste mild;
lamellae thin, narrow, close, free, white; stem slender, enlarged
toward the base, slightly mealy pruinose or glabrous, stuffed or
hollow, white, the slight annulus sometimes evanescent; spores
white, .0003-. 0004 of an inch long, .o002~.0003 broad.
The onion-stemmed lepiota takes its name from the peculiar
shape of the lower part of the stem. There is an enlargement below
the middle which gives the stem a shape similar to that of the flow-
ering stem of an onion. The flesh of the cap is thin except in the
center where it is thickened into a prominence or umbo. On the
margin it is very thin and marked by closely placed radiating fur-
rows or striations with narrow ridges or folds between them. The
surface of the cap is covered by a dense flocculent coat or veil which
soon breaks into minute scales or points and with the expansion of
the cap they give it a roughened or dotted appearance. The veil
however remains entire on the umbo and gives it a brownish color.
The cap is dry, flexible and slightly tough. The gills are closely
placed side by side and do not reach the stem. They are minutely
floccose on the edge and white while young and fresh, but they
assume a brownish hue with age or in drying, similar to that as-
sumed by the gills of the smooth lepiota, L. naucinoides,
under the same conditions.
The stem is rather long and except in the enlarged part is scarcely
thicker than the stem of an ordinary tobacco pipe. Occasionally
the enlargement is absent and the diameter of the stem is about the
same from top to bottom. In the young plant it is stuffed with a
webby pith, but usually it becomes hollow with age. The surface
is covered with a slight mealiness but this may disappear when the
plant is old. It is white or whitish. This mushroom generally
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 45
grows in tufts or close clusters in rich soil, tan bark, sawdust or
decomposing vegetable matter. It is perhaps found quite as often
in greenhouses or conservatories as in the open air. Our specimens
were found growing in a bed of decaying sawdust in the open air.
The heat generated by the decaying sawdust was doubtless very
acceptable to it. A yellow form of the species is said to occur but I
have not met with it in my explorations. In my trial of its edible
qualities it seemed to me to have an excellent flavor but a slightly
tough texture. According to one author “the entire fungus is
tender and delicious cooked in any way.”
Hygrophorus nitidus B. & C.
SHINING HYGROPHORUS
PLATE 88, FIG. I—7
Pileus thin, fragile, convex, umbilicate, viscose, pale yellow,
shining, and striatulate on the margin when moist, whitish when
dry; lamellae arcuate, distant, decurrent, pale yellow; stem
slender, viscose, hollow, colored like the pileus; spores broadly
elliptic or subglobose, .co025-.0003 of an inch long, .0002-.00025
broad.
The shining hygrophorus is a small species of a beautiful yellow
color throughout. Both cap and stem are very viscid and both are
fragile. The cap has a conspicuous central depression or umbilicus.
When moist, obscure radiating lines may be seen on the margin.
These are merely the shadowy appearance of the gills beneath and
are due to the thin translucent character of the margin. As the
moisture escapes from the cap it becomes whitish and the shadowy
lines disappear. The gills are wide apart and their inner end is
gradually narrowed and extends downward on the stem. In dried
specimens the interspaces are usually wrinkled or venose, specially
in large specimens. The stem is rather long in proportion to the
size of the cap. It is so viscid and fragile that it is difficult to pull a
specimen from the ground without breaking it. In some cases the
stem is gradually thickened as it enters the cap. It and the gills
usually retain their color longer than the cap.
The cap is rarely more than 1 inch broad; the stem is 1.5-3 inches
long and 1-2 lines thick. The species is generally gregarious in its
mode of growth, but sometimes it is cespitose. It grows in moist
soil full of humus in swamps or low damp places. As an edible
mushroom it is not very important because of its small size, but it is
tender and agreeable in flavor and may sometimes be convenient to
add to a scanty supply of larger species. It is found in July and
August.
46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Hygrophorus laurae decipiens Pk.
DECEIVING HYGROPHORUS
PLATE 88, FIG. 8-11
Pileus thin except in the center, broadly conic with involute
margin when young, becoming convex or nearly plane, glutinose,
white with a dingy yéllow or smoky brown spot in the center, flesh
white, taste mild; lamellae subdistant, adnate or decurrent, white;
stem rather long, slender, viscid when moist, solid, attenuate at the
base, white with white particles at the top; spores .00028-.0003 of
an inch long, .coo16-.0002 broad.
The deceiving hygrophorus is most closely related to the laura
hygrophorus, from which it can scarcely be separated in the fresh
or living condition. The thinner flesh of the cap, the more slender
stem more constantly narrowed and pointed at the base and its
tufted mode of growth are the principal marks of distinction in the
fresh plant. It is likely to be taken for a slender tufted form of the
laura hygrophorus and the persistency of its colors in drying is the
chief reason for considering it a variety of the species instead of a
mere form. The cap is 1.5-3 inches broad; the stem 1.5-2 inches
long, 3-5 lines thick. It grows in tufts among fallen leaves in woods
or their borders, and may be found in September. Its edible charac-
ter is similar to that of the laura hygrophorus.
Boletus laricinus Berk.
LARCH BOLETUS
PLATE 80, FIG. 1-7
Pileus fleshy, broadly convex or nearly plane, viscid when moist,
sometimes squamose, dingy white or grayish white, flesh white;
tubes short, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish when young
becoming darker and brown with age, their mouths large, angular,
subcompound; stem short, solid, annulate, reticulate above the
ring, grayish or brownish below; spores brown, oblong .c004-.0005
of an inch long, .co016-.0002 broad.
The larch boletus takes its name from its place of growth. It
always grows under or near larchtrees. It is closely related to the
Elba boletus, B. elbensis Pk., which is found under or near
tamarack trees in the northern part of our State. In the larch
boletus the cap is paler and has no pinkish brown tint which often
is seen on the cap of the Elba boletus. Its cap is sometimes adorned
by brown or blackish scales which are easily rubbed or washed
away, leaving the whitish cap entirely naked. The flesh is soft and
white or whitish. The tubes are at first whitish but they change
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I904 47
with age to brownish and then to a dark sepia color. The mouths
are large and angular. In some cases shorter dissepiments within
the larger tubes give them the appearance of being composed of
two or more smaller ones. The tube walls extend downward on
the stem to the ring and by anastomosing give the reticulated ap-
pearance called cribrose in the older descriptions. This is one of
the distinguishing characters between the larch boletus and the
Elba boletus. I have not yet tested the edible qualities of the latter,
but the former is worthy of a place among our esculent species. It
was collected in October.
Boletus rubropunctus Pk.
~RED DOTTED BOLETUS
PLATE 90, FIG. I-9
Pileus fleshy, very convex or broadly convex, glabrous, viscid
and shining when moist, variable in color, pale red, crimson or bay
red, flesh white; tubes plane or convex in the mass, depressed
around the stem, their mouths small, round, pale yellow when
young, becoming bright golden yellow; stem equal or slightly
thickened toward the base, solid, punctate or minutely squamulose
with red or pallid points, pallid or tinged with red; spores oblong
fusiform, .0005-.0007 of an inch long, .0002-.00024 broad.
The red dotted boletus is a very variable species. The cap is
strongly or slightly convex, smooth and shining, viscid when moist
and covered with a thin tenacious pellicle which can be torn away
like the skin from an overripe peach. In the young plant the thin
margin sometimes extends a little beyond the mass of tubes. In
color the cap may be pale red, bright red or crimson, reddish brown
or chestnut color. The flesh is whitish, sometimes tinged with yel-
low. The tubes are plane or convex in the mass, depressed around
the stem, pale yellow when young, becoming bright golden yellow
with age. Their mouths are small and round. The stem is rather
long and slender for the size of the cap, solid, equal in diameter in
all its parts or sometimes slightly thicker at the base. It is marked
with numerous small dots or points of a red, brownish or pallid
color which at first sight suggests a similarity to the stem of a small
specimen of Boletus scaber. The color of the stem may be
whitish, pallid or reddish. The species is related to Boletus
inflexus Pk. but it differs from it in having its tubes depressed
about the stem, in its tube mouths being destitute of red granules
and in its larger spores.
The cap is 1-2.5 inches broad; the stem is 1-3 inches long, 2-4
lines thick. It occurs in thin woods in July and August.
48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Boletus nobilis Pk. n. sp.
NOBLE BOLETUS
PLATE QI, FIG. 1-4
Pileus firm, convex, dry, glabrous, yellowish brown or reddish
brown when young, becoming ochraceous or reddish ochraceous
with age, flesh white, taste mild; tubes white and stuffed when
young, becoming yellow or pale ochraceous with age, nearly plane
in the mass, adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, the
mouths small, round; stem equal or slightly thicker at the base,
solid, glabrous, generally reticulated at the top, whitish or pallid;
spores oblong fusiform, .o005-.0006 of an inch long, .0002-.00024
broad.
This large and fine species grows singly or in groups in thin
woods and in cleared or bushy places. It belongs to the section
Edules. It differs from the edible boletus, B. edulis in its
tubes being less depressed around the stem and in having no
green tint. From the related boletus, B. affinis, to which
it is also closely allied, it is separated by its larger size, the paler
color of the cap, the paler stem and its larger spores. The flesh
is thin for the size of the cap and is yellowish next the tubes.
The cap is 4-8 inches broad; the stem 3-6 inches long, 6-10 lines
thick. It may be found in August. In preparing it for cooking
the long tubes should be removed from the cap and. be rejected
with the stem.
Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk.
CONELIKE BOLETUS
PLATE 92, FIG. 1-6
Pileus fleshy, firm, subeglobose, hemispheric or convex, dry,
covered with a dense thick coat of blackish or blackish brown
tomentum which separates into prominent tufts or scales with
intervening chinks or spaces of a pale gray or smoky white color,
flesh whitish, changing to reddish on exposure to the air, then to
blackish, tubes rather long, depressed around the stem, plane or
convex in the mass, whitish when*young and fresh, becoming red
where wounded and then blackish, also becoming blackish or
blackish brown with age; stem equal or tapering upward, solid,
often suleate at the top, covered with a tomentum similar to that
of the pileus; spores blackish brown, globose or nearly so, rough,
.0004-.0005 of an inch in diameter.
This boletus has such a peculiar shaggy appearance and black-
ish color and is so unlike any other mushroom in our flora that
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 AQ
it is scarcely possible to confuse it with any other. It grows in
woods or their borders, generally only a fewin place. The cap is
usually 2-4 inches broad; the stem 2-5 inches long, 4-8 lines thick.
It may be found from July to September. In preparing it for
cooking use only the flesh of the caps, peeling away the tomentum
from the upper surface and removing the somewhat tenacious
tubes from the lower surface. It is harmless and though it may
not be considered a first class USGI for eating purposes, it
is much better than none.
Clavaria botrytoides Pk. n. sp.
GRAPELIKE CLAVARIA
PLATE 93, FIG. 5-7
Stem small, short, divided near the base into branches which are
repeatedly and irregularly branched, the ultimate branches short,
crowded, blunt, usually terminating in two or more blunt teeth
or protuberances, red or pink at the tips when young, soon fading
and becoming concolorous, stem and branches solid, flesh white,
taste mild; spores narrowly elliptic or oblong, rusty brown or
subcinnamon, .0003-.0004 of an inch long, .coo16-.0002 broad.
The grapelike clavaria is very closely related to the red tipped
clavaria and probably has been confused with it. It may be
separated from that species by its thinner stem, the fading or
evanescent character of the color of the ultimate branchlets and
by its shorter and differently colored spores. The tips of the
branches in mature or old plants are whitish like the branches
themselves, but often a few small branches may be found near
the base of the plant which have red tips and are therefore pre-
sumably of later development. It is possible that these two
clavarias have been confused in Europe for European mycolo-
gists do not agree in their description of the spore characters of
the red tipped clavaria. Stevenson describes them as subhyaline,
12-15 w long, 6 w broad. Massee describes them as white, 8 pw
long, 5 » broad. In our plant the spores in mass have a rusty
brownish or subcinnamon color when collected on white paper
and they are 8-10 » long, 4-5 » broad.
The plants are 2-4 inches tall and 1.5-3 inches broad. They
grow in thin woods on rather poor soil and may be found in August
and September. The edible qualities seem to me to be similar
to those of the red tipped clavaria.
50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Clavaria pistillaris L.
LARGE CLUB CLAVARIA
PLATE 93, FIG. I-4
Club simple, large, soft, fleshy, glabrous, clavate or oblong
clavate, obtuse, solid or slightly spongy within, even or nearly so,
ochraceous buff, flesh white, taste mild; spores elliptic, .co04-.0005
of an inch long, .0002-.00024 broad.
The large club clavaria is not very common and is quite variable
in size and shape. It is usually 2-6 inches long and 6-12 lines
thick. Sometimes the club gradually enlarges from base to top,
again it is swollen at the base and at the top or it may be nearly
cylindric in the lower half and gradually enlarged upward in the
upper half. Large thick specimens are sometimes cracked at the
top, revealing the white flesh. The color is sometimes yellowish,
sometimes ochraceous buff or tan color. It is often more highly
colored at the top than toward the base. The plant is generally
clean and free from the attacks of insects. It usually grows in a
scattered manner, only a few specimens being found in a place,
but occasionally it may form tufts of two or three plants. It
grows in woods and may be found from August to September.
The species is easily recognized and is not likely to be mistaken
for any harmful mushroom. It is similar in its texture and flavor
to the umbonate clavaria, C. pistillaris umbonata.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE P
Cortinarius heliotropicus Pk.
HELIOTROPE CORTINARIUS
Immature plant with unexpanded pileus
Immature plant with expanded pileus
Mature plant with unspotted pileus
Mature plant with spotted pileus
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores, X 400
ST OVO AN
Pholiota appendiculata Pk.
APPENDICULATE PHOLIOTA
8 Young plant showing unbroken veil beneath the pileus
9 Young plant showing stem and pileus
10, 11 Two immature plants, one showing lamellae beneath the
pileus
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 51
12, 13 Two mature plants, one showing lamellae beneath the pileus
14, 15 Vertical sections of two young plants
16 Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
17 Four spores, x 400
PLATE Q
Lactarius brevis Pk.
SHorT LACTARIUS
Young plant
Mature plant with convex pileus
Mature plant with fully expanded pileus
Vertical section of a plant showing the color which the
flesh soon assumes on exposure to the air
mW DN H
5 Four spores, x 400
Boletus rugosiceps Pk.
RoucuH Cap BOoLetus
Young plant showing small pileus and large stem
Immature plant showing pale yellow tubes
Mature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
to Four spores, x 400
Oo Onrr Dn
PLATE R
Boletus atkinsoni Pk.
ATKINSON’s BOLETUS
Immature plant
Mature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores, X 400
ate ISS (es) (S) TI
PLATE 87
Lepiota cepaestipes Sow.
ONION-STEMMED LEPIOTA
Cluster of three young plants
Cluster of six plants, four of them with caps mature
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores, X 400
CUR he ca) Nt
ax aAM
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 88
Hygrophorus nitidus B. & C.
SHINING HyGROPHORUS
2 Two plants with moist yellow caps
Two plants after the excess of moisture has escaped
Vertical section.of the upper part of a plant
Transverse section of a stem
Four spores, X 400
Hygrophorus laurae decipiens Pk.
DECEIVING HyGROPHORUS
8 Cluster of five plants with moist caps
g One plant after the excess of moisture has escaped. The
IO
Pada
12
3
4.5,6
7
8
9
kh WwW DN
lower part of the stem has been removed
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores, xX 400
PLATE 89
Boletus laricinus Berk.
Larcu BoLetus
Two small young plants showing scales on the caps
One small but mature plant with no scales on the cap
Two mature plants of usual size
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant
Four spores, xX 400
PLATE go
Boletus rubropunctus Pk.
Rep Dortrep BoLetus
Two immature plants with red caps and reddish stems
An immature plant with paler cap and stem
Three mature plants
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores, x 400
PLATE QI
Boletus nobilis Pk.
Nose BOo.Letus
An immature small plant
A mature plant of medium size
Vertical section of the upper part of a plant °
Four spores, x 400
Aun RW DN
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 53
PLATE 92
Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk.
CoNELIKE BOLETUS
A small immature plant
A larger immature plant showing the whitish tube mouths
A mature plant of medium size
Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant
Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant
Four spores, x 400
PLATE 93
Clavaria pistillaris L.
LARGE CLuB CLAVARIA
Two plants, one showing cracks in the apex
Vertical section of a plant
Four spores, x 400
Clavaria botrytoides Pk.
GRAPELIKE CLAVARIA
Immature plant with tips of branchlets red
Mature plant with most of the tips colored like the branches
Four spores, x 400
INDEX
The superior figures tell the exact place on the page in ninths; e.g. 368
means page 36, beginning in the third ninth of the page, i.e. about
one third of the way down.
Agaricus abruptibulbus, 36”.
abruptus, 357-367.
chlamydopus, 36”.
cothurnatus, 367, 36°.
halophilus, 36°.
magniceps, 36°.
magnificus, 36°, 36°.
maritimus, 36°, 36°.
micromegethus, 36%.
pilosporus, 36+.
praerimosus, 36%.
pusillus, 36%, 36°.
sphaerosporus, 36%, 36’.
tabularis, 36%, 367.
Alpine cotton grass, 38’.
Amanita crenulata, 19°,
lignophila, 19°.
magnifica, 36°.
radicata, 19°.
Amphicarpaea monoica, 31°.
Anomodon attenuatus, 31°.
Antennaria canadensis, 36°.
Appendiculate pholiota, explanation
of plate, 50°-51.
Arenaria leptoclados, 19°.
serpyllifolia var. tenuior, 19°.
Arisaema stewardsoni, 20}.
Atkinson’s boletus, explanation of
plate, 51°.
Beckwith thorn, 27!.
Benignant thorn, 27°.
Blephariglottis ciliaris, 36°-377.
Blephilia hirsuta, 37’.
Boletus, Atkinson’s,
of plate, 51°.
conelike, 48°-49*; explanation of
plate, 53'.
explanation
Boletus, larch, ,46°-473; explanation
of plate, 52°.
noble, 48'; explanation of plate,
52°.
red dotted, 47°; explanation of
plate, 527.
rough cap, explanation of plate,
Gri
Boletus atkinsoni, 207; explana-
tion of plate, 51°.
laricinus, 20°, 468-473; ex plana-
tion of plate, 52°.
nobilis, 20’, 48'; explanation of
plate, 52°.
rubropunctus, 47°; explanation of
plate, 52°.
rugosiceps, 20’-217; explanation of
plate, 5x-.
Botrychium obliquum, 37°.
tenebrosum, 21°.
Bryum pendulum, 21‘.
Bulrush, 34°.
Burnham, Stewart H., work of, 87.
Cantharellus cinnabarinus, 37%.
Carex castanea, 37%.
crawei, 38°.
flexilis, 37°.
formosa, 38}.
setifolia, 387.
Cercospora circumscissa, 38%.
Chantarelle, 37%.
Cherry, wild red, 421.
Cladonia gracilis, 21°.
verticillata, 214.
Clavaria, grapelike, 49%; explanation
of plate, 53°.
large club, 50!'; explanation of
plate, 53°.
56
Clararia, botrytoides, 215, 49°; expla-
nation of plate, 53°.
pistillaris, 50'; explanation of
plate, 53°:
xanthosperma, 21°.
Coccineae, 27°, 29°, 31°.
Cockspur thorn, 8?.
Collybia amabilipes, 21°.
Conelike boletus, 48°-49';
tion of plate, 53}.
Convolvulus repens, 21°.
Cortinarius heliotropicus, 22’; ex-
planation of plate, 50’.
Cotton grass, alpine, 38’.
Crataegus, New York species, 65;
synopsis of sections, 29°; synop-
sis of species, 29°-31°.
Crataegus acclivis, 253, 30%.
baxteri, 247, 30’.
beata, 22° 30°.
beckwithae, 271, 31°.
benigna, 27°, 30°.
coccinea rotundifolia, 8'.
colorata, 268, 313.
compta, 23*, 30°.
crus-galli, 84, 291, 29°.
cupulifera, 27°, 313.
delucida, 7°.
deweyana, 287, 315.
diffusa, 23°, 30°.
dunbari, 27°, 31°.
durobrivensis, 251, 307.
ellwangeriana, 24", 307.
ferentaria, 28°, 31°,
formosa, 23', 30°.
fulleriana, 245, 30!.
gemmosa, 27°-28!, 31°.
glaucophylla, 267, 30°.
gravesii, 7%.
holmesiana, 29*, 30%.
hudsonica, 28°-29!.
laneyi, 28°, 315,
leiophylla, 237, 305.
lennoniana, 22°-23!) 305,
macauleyae, 278, 311.
macracantha, 29%, 31°.
maineana, 23°-247, 307.
matura, 291, 317.
opulens, 237, 308,
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Crataegus, ornata, 264, 31”.
parviflora, 25%, 30°.
pedicellata, 25°, 30%.
persimilis, 22°, 29°.
pringlei, 29%, 30”.
punctata, 8°, 291, 29°.
rubicunda, 26°, 317.
spissiflora, 24°, 307.
streeterae, 25°-26!, 30°.
succulenta, 291, 31°.
tatnalliana, 28’.
tenuiloba, 267, 31!.
tomentosa, 29*, 31°.
verecunda, 24°, 30’.
Craterellus taxophilus, 22°.
Crus-galli, 29°, 29°.
Cup-bearing thorn, 277.
Cypripedium reginae, 38°.
Dewey thorn, 28’.
Dilatatae, 25°.
Dipsacus laciniatus, 31°.
Dunbar thorn, 27%.
Edible fungi, 6°, 44-50%.
Edules, 20°, 48%.
Eleocharis palustris vigens, 38°.
Ellwanger thorn, 24’.
Eocronartium typhuloides, 31°.
Eriophorum alpinum, 38’.
Explanation of plates, 508-53.
Falcata comosa, 31°.
pitcheri, 31°.
Favolus europaeus, 32°.
Fern, common, 4o5.
grape, 21°, 373.
Flammula abrupta, 35°.
Fragaria americana, 38°.
Fries, Elias, cited, 35°.
Fuller thorn, 24°.
h Fungi, edible, 65, 44?-50°.
Fungus, refrigerator, 32).
Fusarium aquaeductuum, 32!.
Galera capillaripes, 32.
Geranium bicknellii, 32°.
Grape fern, 21°, 373.
Grapelike clavaria, 49°; explanation
of plate, 53°.
Grass, alpine cotton, 387.
Gratiola aurea, 38°.
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I1go4 57
Graves thorn, 7.
Gray, Asa, cited, 36°.
Gyrostachys ochroleuca, 32.
Habenaria ciliaris, 36°.
Heliotrope cortinarius, explanation
of plate, 50’.
Hexagona alveolaris, 32°.
micropora, 32°.
Hieracium praealtum, 39).
Hydnum adustum, 39°.
Hygrophorus, deceiving, 461;
planation of plate, 52°.
Hygrophorus, shining, 45°; explana-
tion of plate, 521.
Hygrophorus laurae decipiens, 30/,
46'; explanation of plate, 52°.
nitidus, 45°; explanation of plate,
527.
Hypholoma, brick-red, 395.
Hypholoma rugocephalum, 32’.
sublateritium, 39°.
Hypomyces banningiae, 327.
inaequalis, 32°.
ex-
Inocybe maritima, 36°.
Intricatae, 24°, 29°, 30’.
Juniper, 401.
Juniperus nanus, 4o!.
Lachnocladium semivestitum, 33!.
Lactarius, short, explanation of plate,
elie
Lactarius brevis,
of plate, 51”.
colorascens, 33°.
Laney thorn, 28°.
Larch boletus, 46°-473;
of plate, 52°.
Lepiota onion-stemmed, 44?-45*; ex-
planation of plate, 51°.
Lepiota cepaestipes, 44-45%; expla-
nation of plate, 51°.
naucina, 36’.
Limnorchis dilatata linearifolius, 40°.
Lobulatae, 253, 25°, 297, 307.
337; explanation
explanation
Macauley thorn, 27°.
Marasmius resinosus candidissimus,
40°,
niveus, 40+.
Massee, cited, 49°.
Molles, 245, 297, 301.
Moss, living, 31°.
Mushrooms, edible, species sent to
St Louis Exposition, 87.
Myxacium, 224.
Onion-stemmed lepiota, 447-453; ex-
planation of plate, 51°.
Osmunda claytoniana, 40°.
Oxalis cymosa, 407.
Phacelia dubia, 40°.
Pholiota appendiculata, 33%-343; ex-
planation of plate, 50-517.
Picea canadensis, 41!.
Pitcher plant, 42°-434.
Plants, contributors, list of, 57, 125-
19*; species added to collection,
5°, g!-124; species not before re-
ported, 61, 195-35°.
Plates, explanation of, 50°53.
Plum, wild, 41°.
Pruinosae, 8?, 22°, 297, 30%.
Prunus americana, 41°.
pennsylvanica, 42!.
Pterospora andromedea, 42?.
Punctatae, 29°, 20°.
Refrigerator fungus, 32!.
Rochester thorn, 257.
Rosa sayi, 424.
Rudbeckia hirta, 424.
laciniata, 42°.
St Louis Exposition, botanical ex-
hibit, 87.
Salix amygdaloides, 427.
cordata, 428.
lucida, 344.
nigra, 42°.
serissima, 34‘.
Sargent, cited, 25%.
Sarracenia purpurea, 42°-43',
Scirpus lacustris, 34°.
occidentalis, 34°.
Sedges, 37°, 387.
Silene vulgaris, 43%.
Sisyrinchium arenicola, 34’,
Solomon's seal, star-flowered, 43°.
Spruce, white, 411.
Stachys sieboldi, 348,
58 . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Stereum spadiceum, 43°.
Stevenson, cited, 49°.
Strawberry, 38°.
Strobilomyces strobilaceus, 48%-49°%;
explanation of plate, 53°.
Stropharia cothurnata, 36°.
Tenuifoliae, 8, 25°, 29°, 30-31%.
Teucrium boreale, 34°.
Thorn, Beckwith, 27!.
benignant, 27°.
cockspur, 8*.
cup-bearing, 27’.
Dewey, 287.
dotted fruited, 8°.
Dunbar, 27.
Ellwanger, 24’.
Fuller, 24°.
Graves, 7+.
Laney, 28°.
light armed, 28%.
Macauley, 27°.
Rochester, 257.
round leaved, 84.
thin lobed, 26’.
Tomentosae, 287, 29°, 31%.
Tricholoma grammopodium, 36’.
Uredinopsis atkinsonii, 34°.
osmundae, 35'. :
Vagnera stellata, 43°.
Viburnum lentago, 43’.
Viola amoena, 35”.
blanda, 357.
latiuscula, 35%.
palmata dilatata, 43°.
papilionacea domestica, 44".
septentrionalis, 35%.
Violets, 35°.
northern blue, 35%.
Volvaria parvula, 36°.
Willows, 34‘, 42°.
Xyris flexuosa, 35°.
montana, 35°.
Zygodesmus granulosus, 35’.
New York State Education Department
New York State Museum
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Mineralogy. M1 (4) Nason, F. L. Some New York Minerals and their
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M2 (58) Whitlock, H. P. Guide to the Mineralogic Collections of the New
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M3 (70) New York Mineral Localities. trop. Sep. 1903. 20c.
——Contributions from the Mineralogic Laboratory. Im press.
Paleontology. Paz (34) Cumings, E. R. Lower Silurian System of East-
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Pa6 (52) Clarke, J: M. Report of the State Paleontologist 1901. 280p il.
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Pa7 (63) Stratigraphy of Canandaigua and Naples Quadrangles.
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Museum memoirs 1889—date. OQ.
1 Beecher, C: E. & Clarke, J: M. Development of Some Silurian Brachi-
opoda. g6p. 8pl.. Oct. 1889. Out of print.
2 Hall, James & Clarke, J: M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 35op. il. 7opl.
1898. $1, cloth.
3 Clarke, J: M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co.
INE Yo eS psloplmOch 16 COonmOOG-
4 Peck,C:H. N.Y. Edible Fungi, 1895-99. 106p.25pl. Nov. 1900. 75¢.
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5 Clarke, J: M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna of
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6 Naples Fauna in Western New York. 268p. 26pl. map. $2, cloth.
7 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt 1 Graptolites of the
Lower Beds. 350p.17pl. Feb.1905. $1.50, cloth.
Felt, E. P. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. In press.
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Natural history of New York. 3ov. il. pl. maps. Q. Albany 1842-94.
DIVISION 1 ZOOLOGY. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The
New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals
hitherto observed within the State of New York with brief notices of
those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropri-
ate illustrations. 5v.il.pl.maps. sq.Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print
Historical introduction to the series by Gov. W: H. Seward. 178p.
v. 1 ptr Mammalia. 13+146p. 33pl. 1842.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.
“a yo oe ea
N.Y. STATE MUS, 58 EDI BLE FUNGI PLATE 87
if;
LEPIOTA CEPAESTIPES sow.
ONION-STEMMED LEPIOTA
a N.Y. STATE MUS. 58. BKVIBLE FUNGI PLATE 88
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Fic. 1-7 HYGROPHORUS NITIDUS s.ec. Fic. 8-11. H. LAURAE DECIPIENS px.
SHINING HYGROPHORUS DECEIVING HYGROPHORUS
PLATE 89
EDIBLE FUNGI
N. Y. STATE MUS. 58
BOLETUS LARICINUS Berk.
LARCH BOLETUS
PLATE 90
EDIBLE FUNGI
N.Y. STATE MUS. 58
BOLETUS RUBROPUNCTUS px.
RED DOTTED BOLETUS
ON. ySTATE mus. 68 , EDIBLE FUNGI PLATE 91
BOLETUS NOBILIS px.
NOBLE BOLETUS
vy sraremus.ss - EDIBLE FUNGI PLATE 92
STROBILOMYCES STROBILACEUS (scop.) BERK.
CONE-LIKE BOLETUS
N. Y. STATE MUS. 58 ; EDIBLE FUNGI PLATE 93
Fie. 1-4 CLAVARIA PISTILLARIS t. Fig. 5-7 C. BOTRYTOIDES Px.
LARGE CLUB CLAVARIA GRAPE-LIKE CLAVARIA
N.Y. STATE MUS. 58 FUNGI : PLATE P
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Fig.1-7 CORTINARIUS HELIOTROPICUS px. Fic. 8-17 PHOLIOTA APPENDICULATA Px.
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ATKINSON’S BOLETUS
PLATE R
MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS
v. 2 pt2 Birds. 12+380p. r4rpl. 1844.
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DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John, Flora of the State of New York; com-
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v. 2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843.
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v. 1 ptr Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24+536p.
1842.
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Vv. : Soils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11 +371p. 2rpl.
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DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York. 8v.
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Hall, James & Simpson, George B. v.6Coralsand Bryozoa of the Lower and
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& Clarke, John M. v. 7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oris-
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-& Clarke, John M. v.8 pt1 Introduction to the Study of the Genera .
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& Clarke, John M. pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+394p. ‘84pl.
1894. $2.50.
Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and
of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242p. O.
1853.
Handbooks 1893-date. 74x12} cm.
In quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as below.
Hs New York State Museum. 52p. il. 4c.
Outlines history and work of the museum with list of staff ro02.
H13 Paleontology. t12p. 2c.
Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition; Relation to
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His Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York.
124p. Se.
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H16 Entomology. 16p. 2c,
H17 Economic Geology. 44p. 4c.
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Hig Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32p. je.
Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State of New
York; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th Museum Report,
Vv. 1. 59X67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to 1 inch. 1r5e.
Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch. Jn atlas
form $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 60c.
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Map of New York showing the Surface Configuration and Water Sheds.
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