COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.
REPORT
Superintendent of Public Instruction
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
HARRISBURG, PA.:
HARRISBURG PUBLISHING CO., STATE PRINTER.
1906.
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT, ' ' 1 No. 6.
IPEX TO WRITTE.^ REPORT OF THE SUFERIXTENDEH OF PUBLIC
INSTRUCTION.
Letter of transmittal, Ill
School accommodations V
Contradictory legislation , VI
Schooling and Crime, VI
The Loss of School Virtues, VII
The Classes of Children to be provided for, VIII
Empty School Houses , IX
Good Teachers, X
Substitute Teachers, X
Examinations XI
The School Appropriation , XII
Comparison of appropriations made by the Legislature in 1895 and 1905,.. XII
Teachers' Retirement Fund , XIII
Enrolment of Children, XIV
High School Inspection , XIV
More Money for School Purposes XIV
Statistical Statement, XVI
(i)
(ii)
OFFICIAL. DOCUMENT, No. 6.
REPORT
Superintendent of Public Instruction
Department of Public Instruction,
Harrisburg, Pa., November 23, 1906.
To His Excellency Samuel W. Pennypacker, Governor of Pennsyl-
vania:
Bear Sir: In compliance with the requirements of law, I have
the honor herewith to submit the annual report of the Superin-
tendent of Public Instruction for the school year ending June 4,
1906, being the seventy-third report upon the public schools of the
Commonwealth.
NATHAN C. SCHAEFFER,
State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
(ili)
(Iv)
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT, No. 6.
C«MM0,WE1LTH OF PENNSVLfANl*.
Department ol Pul)lic Instruction.
To the Senate and House of Representatives:
Gentlemen: The two greatest problems in school administration
are:
I. TO GET ALL THE CHILDREX TO SCHOOL.
II. TO GET GOOD TEACHERS FOR ALL THE SCHOOLS.
In the solution of these problems many minor problems must be
met, each big enough to tax the wisdom of school officials and the
resources of the Commonwealth.
SCHOOL ACCOMMODATIONS.
In the first place sufficient school accommodations must be pro-
vided. Cities which grow rapidly seldom have room enough in
their schools for all the children. Without a well-defined policy
in the location and erection of new school buildings, it is impossible
to provide a place for every child in the newer sections of our cities.
Pittsburg boasts that it had a seat for every child at the opening
of the present school year. Through increased taxation for school
purposes and through the breaking- down of the barriers w^hich kept
children from going across ward lines Philadelphia is making rapid
I^rogress in the direction of providing school facilities for all its
children. Other cities are constantly struggling with the same prob-
lem, the chief difficulty being lack of sufficient funds for building
purjioses. In counties whose total population has been diminishing,
a new phase of the problem is presenting itself. , The closing of a
school by reason of small attendance sometimes leaves several chil-
dren unprovided with school facilities. The condition of the public
roads makes transportation impossible during a portion of the year.
From this point of view the sparsely populated districts ofi'er prob-
(V)
vl REl^ORT OF THE Off. Doc.
lems as difficult of solution as the rapidly growing cities. Where
taxation has reached the maximum allowed by law, there is a loud
call for more liberal school appropriations on the part of the State.
The educator welcomes every agency that helps to bring all the
children to school. More than 125,000 children are enrolled in the
private and parochial schools of Pennsylvania. It should be the
ambition of every one connected with the public schools to make
them so efficient that no parent shall wish any other for his chil-
dren. But since many persons feel it their duty to support other
schools, every friend of children and every lover of his country will
wish those schools to be made so efficient as to be a constant spur
to the public schools. "The best is not too good for my children,"
said a father not long ago, and the parent is always justified in
sending his child to a private school, if he cannot find a public school
equally good.
The attendance officer should put forth his best efforts to secure
the regular attendance of pupils in all classes of schools, and the
teacher in charge of a private or parochial school should not hesi-
tate to report to this officer the names of those who violate the law
by absence without sufficient excuse. In this respect the patriot
must rise above all questions of rivalry and aim at the best possible
schooling for every child.
CONTRADICTORY LEGISLATION.
Some of our legislation tends to keep children out of school. We
have enacted laws making attendance at school compulsory, and
we have passed other laws depriving certain children of the right to
attend any public, private, parochial or Sunday school. The child
who cannot read and write simple sentences in the English language
is not allowed to go to work before the age of sixteen is reached.
The boy who spends the first sixteen years of his life in idleness or
play is always in danger of becoming a confirmed loafer, and is on
the highway to illiteracy, vagrancy and crime.
SCHOOLING AND CRIME.
The statistics of our penal institutions are frequently manipulated
in such a way as to make a case against the school. The result is
obtained by neglecting denominators. The number of criminals who
cannot read and v\ rite is compared with those who have had more or
less schooling; and since there are less of the former than of the
latter, the conclusion is drawn that intelligence does not lessen
crime. The number of criminals who cannot read and write should
be compared with the total population above a given age (say ten
years) that cannot read and write; and this ratio should then be
No. 6. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. vll
compared with the ratio obtained by comparing the number of
criminals who have been at school with the total population that
has enjoyed schooling. The result is invariably in favor of the
school, because it is thus shown that the percentage of the illiterate
who are criminals is larger than the percentage of criminals among
those who can read and write. Few persons appreciate the moral
influence which a good school exerts upon the life of the child. Take
for example so simple a matter as veracity in regard to one's age.
Many children have three ages. The first is the age obtained from
the family Bible, or the baptismal certificate. It is the child's cor-
rect age and is given whenever there is no motive for deception.
The second is the railway age which is one or more years less than
the real age. This age the child is taught to give whenever it
wishes to ride free or for half fare, in cases in which half fare or
full fare should be paid. From the habit of cheating the railway
or the trolley line, it is easy to pass to dishonesty towards the em-
ployer, the municipality, the State and the nation. The third age
is the factory age which is a j^ear or two more than the real age.
It is given whenever the child is to begin work before the law al-
lows, or whenever a minor wishes to get a drink contrary to law.
Fi'om these forms of law breaking the step is easy to the violations
of law known as crimes. If the boy who, under our law, has no
school privileges, does not become a vagrant, he is almost sure to
break the law by misrepresenting his age in order that he may go
to work. The law which deprives him of the right to go to school
therefore tends in two directions to make him a criminal.
THE LOSS OF THE SCHOOL VIRTUES.
The child who gets no schooling suffers loss in other directions.
In every good school the pupil acquires habits of industry, obedi-
ence, politeness, punctuality, regularity, silence, self-restraint, habits
which become virtues when the will consciously enters into them,
giving rise to the so-called School Virtues in the life and conduct of
the pupil. Without these school virtues which are never acquired
upon the street, the individual cannot hold a job or a position in any
mercantile or industrial establishment.
The illiterate man lacks adjustment to the institutions of the
twentieth century. He cannot keep accounts, nor mark his ballot,
nor sign his name to a legal document. He cannot write a letter
home, nor read the letters that are sent to him from home. He
cannot think the best thoughts of the best men as these are en-
shrined in literature; nor can he enjoy the instruction and consola-
tion of the sacred scriptures, unless he finds some one who is willing
to read to him. The newspapers are to him a sealed volume; he
viii REPORT OF THE Oft. Doc.
must learn the news from hearsay. The man or woman who cannot
read and write is out of place in a civilized community. To grow
up in the midst of civilization and to be denied the education which
civilization presupposes, involves hardships which remind one of
the persecutions of antiquity and which the enlightened Greeks
sought to prevent. A Roman Emperor in his desire to exterminate
the Christians, forbade the schooling of their children, a fate which
they feared worse than martyrdom. The Mytilenians, when masters
of the sea, punished their allies who had revolted by not allowing
their children to be taught, deeming this the severest punishment
which they could inflict. Exile in Siberia has been the fate of some
who were rash enough to teach Hebrew peasants how to read and
write. According to the laws of Solon, all the Athenian youth were
expected to attend school for the purpose of learning to read; tardi-
ness and truancy were punished by a fine. The father who failed to
instruct his son in reading, writing, swimming and a trade could
claim no support from that son in old age. Aristophanes mentions
it as quite an exception that the sausage seller got no education.
So necessary did daily school going seem that when the women and
children of Athens fled to Troezen at the time of the Persian inva-
sion, the inhabitants, besides supporting them, paid persons to teach
their children. In the days of George Wolf and Thaddeus Stevens,
Pennsylvania planted herself on the side of the leader "whose ban-
ner streamed in light." The design was to bring the blessings of
education and intelligence within reach of every child. If Pennsyl-
vania is to carry to its legitimate conclusion the policy that was then
inaugurated, her law makers must not rest satisfied until every child
is brought to school.
THE CLASSES OF CHILDREN TO BE PROVIDED FOR.
In view of the irreparable loss which children deprived of school-
ing must suffer, ii behooves the legislature to make provision for
the schooling of the following classes of children:
1. Children who, after repeated attempts, have not been success-
fully vaccinated, because they are, or at least seem to be, immune
from small-pox and vaccinia.
2. Children whom reputable physicians refuse to vaccinate by
reason of scrofulous, tubercular or other adverse conditions.
8. Children whose parents will not allow them to be vaccinated
on account of prejudices due largely to the excitement caused by anti-
vaccination literature,
4. Defective and backward children for whom education cannot
be provided in schools of the ordinary type.
5. Children so situated that no school is accessible to them.
No. 6. SUPERINTENDENT OK PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
EMPTY SCUOOL HOUSES.
There are sections of this Commonwealth in which (he school
houses are empty because the parents will not allow their children
to be vaccinated. One should not shut his eyes to the immense good
which has been accomplished by the enforcement of our vaccination
laws. To-day onl3' one case of small-pox is known to exist in the
State of Pennsylvania. On the other hand, one should not ignore
the fact that the courts have repeatedly decided that no fine can be
imposed ui)on parents or guardians for the non-attendance of the
unvaccinated child. All the punishment, therefore, falls upon the
innocent child.
If it were necessary to choose between small-pox and illiteracy,
the rational man would choose the former as the less of the two
evils. It is easy to say that the man of sense will shield his child
from both evils by the aid of vaccination and the school. Maxims
like these, however true, fail to bring all the children to school. If
vaccination can be made compulsory, as in German}^, it will go far
toward solving the problem before us. But if the experience of Eng-
land and Canada, where troops had to quell the anti-vaccination dis-
turbances, should cause our legislators to shrink from the enact-
ment of such drastic legislatioii, then some provision in the form of
separate schools should be made for the education of children who
hav-e no school rights under existing laws.
In any event, the problem should be squarely faced, and no legis-
lation should be enacted which punishes the innocent for the guilty.
The parent, or the physician to whom the neglect of vaccination is
due, should suffer the penalty, rather than the helpless child. If
the health of the State reqmres that children at school be preserved
from contact with the unvaccinated, then vaccination should be re-
quired of teachers, school directors, school officials, health othcers,
clergymen and Sunday school superintendents; but above all else
special schools should be provided for the unvaccinated children to
save them from the consequences of illiterac}', vagrancy and crime.
Separate schools are also needed for the so-called defective
classes. These include the deaf, the blind, the feeble-minded, the
morally delinquent. The act of May 18, 1870, P. L., 157 provides for
the establishment of special schools for deaf mutes in school dis-
tricts which have a population of more than twenty thousand in-
habitants and eight or more deaf mute children of proper age for
attending school. This law has remained a dead letter upon our
statute books. The State maintains, separate and apart from the
public schools, institutions for the education of the deaf, the blind
and the feeble-minded. Nevertheless some children who belong to
the defective classes receive no schooling. We also need special
2
X REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
schools for backward children who do not belong to the defective
classes, and who by special methods can be advanced to the plane
of normal children. Philadelphia has taken steps to provide in-
struction specially suited to backward children, and our other cities
should in no long time follow this example. The child who asks
mother to pray that it be made like the other children that get along
at school, deserves treatment not as morally delinquent, but as a
backward child whom manual training and other exercises may give
control of its hands and its mental powers, thus fitting it to play a
useful part in the life of the community.
GOOD TEACHERS.
The most potent help in getting the children to school is to put
them in charge of good teachers. A good teacher makes the school
the place to which the children best like to go. Children have
rights as well as duties. One of the rights of the child is the right
to be happy at school. How can children be happy under a teacher
who is not happy in his or her work? How can the teacher be
happy if he or she is inefficient or ill prepared, or poorly paid?
The inefficient teacher fails to create an interest in study and
thereby increases the difficulty which the attendance officer experi-
ences in keeping the truant at school. Where the pupils do not at-
tend of their own accord, the work of the attendance officer must
be done over and over again. And of what avail is it to force a
pupil into a school where he is poorly taught and daily discouraged
over tasks in which he takes no interest? Without good teachers,
it is labor lost to build school houses and hire officers whose duty
imposes upon them the task of bringing the unwilling child t ^ school,
only to sit there and wait for school to let out. The directors have
performed the chiefest of their duties when they have selected and
secured good teachers for all the schools under their jurisdiction.
Among the hindrances which prevent the putting of good teachers
into all the schools, are the unsatisfactory methods of employing
substitute teachers, the multitudinous examinations which must be
passed to secure promotion or even to hold one's position, and the
inadequate salaries which cause the brightest minds to look out-
side of the school room for the chance to earn a livelihood.
SUBSTITUTE TEACHERS.
It is folly in the highest degree to put half trained and inexperi-
enced young girls in charge of a school when the regular teacher is
absent. By the time the latter returns, the pupils have lost their
interest in study and the discipline of the school has gone to pieces.
The substitute teachers should be the best paid and, the most skill-
No. 6. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Xl
ful of those who are regularly employed; and they should be familiar
with the work in all grades. Under a substitute teacher of this
kind the pupils do not suffer during the absence of the regular
teacher. Should a beginner at teaching fail in discipline or methods
of instruction, she can be sent to visit the best schools whilst the
substitute takes charge and puts the school into satisfactory shape.
When the substitute teachers are not needed to take the place of
others, they can spend the time in helping backward pupils catch
up in their work, thus saving them from the most — disheartening of
school experiences — that of dropping back into a lower grade.
EXAMINATIONS.
The superintendent who treats the examination as if it were a
farce soon finds that his teachers and their pupils begin to de-
teriorate, and that high standards of efficiency cannot be maintained
without honest tests of scholarship. On the other hand, the superin-
tendent who relies upon the annual examination of teachers as the
chief stimulus to study and improvement, thereby shows that he is
no longer a live coal from the altar, or (to change the figure of speech)
that he is himself perilously near the dead line. Examinations
should not be considered a panacea for all the ills by which a school
system may be afflicted. Those who have carefully studied the ef-
fect of examinations liken their action to that of drugs which may
depress, as well as stimulate the person who takes them. If ex-
aminations possessed the wonderful efficacy which many persons
ascribe to them, the Chinese schools would be the best in the world,
and periodic examinations should be prescribed for all school offi-
cials, including State Superintendents and the United States Com-
missioner of Education. Teaching is the only profession in which
such tests are a life-long possibility, and this is due largely to the
fact that educators and law-makers have not studied the action of
examinations. Latham who made a specialty of this subject says
that one great etfort in the way of a heavy examination is a very
valuable piece of mental discipline, that more than two such efforts
usually impair the elasticity of the mind, and that a series of them
would cramp and enfeeble it. He further claims that a succession
of small efforts has a decidedly injurious effect, there being in them
''none of the discipline of a grand effort, no gathering of energies
and concentration of them on a single purpose." The ideal arrange-
ment is preparation at school for a supreme test as a condition of
entrance upon any profession, follow^ed by a license setting forth
that the required standard of qualification has been attained. The
teacher who wins a life license, or permanent certificate, can af-
ford to forget the things which it is useless to remember, except
for examination purposes, and can devote his spare time to the
xii REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
exploration of new fields of knowledge, tliereby finding the mental
food whose assimilation is essential to the best growth of the in-
dividual in his profession.
THE SCPIOOL APPKOPRIATION.
For at least a decade the appropriation to the common schools
has been decreasing, whilst the number of pupils has been increasing.
The following comparison is very significant:
1895.
Pupils in the public schools, 1,070,612
School appropriation, |5,500,000 00
Rate per pupil, 5 14
190
Pupils in the public sohools, 1,209,908
School appropriation, |5,212,500 00
Rate per pupil, ."". ."r.; , 4 30
Moreover the appropriations to the other departments of the State
government have been increasing, whilst those for public schools
have been diminishing, as will be seen from the following com-
parison :
COMPARISON OF AI'PROPRIATIONS MADE BY THE LEGIS-
LATURE IN 189.5 AND 1905.
1895. 1905.
Charitable institutions, |8T1,873 00 |2,499,975 00
Indigent insane, 667,181 00 1,621,300 00
Penitentiaries and reformatories 307,127 00 446,925 00
Department expenses, 558,041 00 1,446,228 00
Judiciary, 667,300 00 928,700 00
Public printing and binding 256,711 00 325,000 00
National Guard, 350,000 00 400,000 00
Educational institutions, 6,911,015 6,701,750
Appropriation to common schools in 1895, |5, 500, 000 00
State aid to Normal School stnd(Mits 130,000 00
15,630,000 00
No. 6. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. xiii
Appropriation to common schools in 1905, |o,5o0,0U0 00
From this amount is deducted by the Legislature
|237,500 for Htate aid to Normal school students and
1100,000 for township high schools leaving for the
common schools, 5,212,500 00
Number of pupils in 1805, 1,070,612
Number of pupils in 1005, 1,200,908
It will be accepted as almost an axiom that the appropriation to
the common schools should keep pace with the increase in wealth
and in the number of children. No better use can be made of the
surplus in the State Treasury than to devote it to the right educa-
tion of the people. Without doubt the boast that of all the States
in the Union, Pennsylvania makes the largest appropriation for
school purposes, has obscured the fact that this is the only channel
through which many forms of our corporation wealth can be made
to contribute towards the support of the public schools. Much of
the wealth which we tax only for State jjurposes would in other
States be taxed locally and in that way be made to contribute to-
wards the education of the children. Unless the compensation of
teachers can be materially advanced, it will be impossible to keep
the schools up to the high standard which they have attained. In
a number of districts the limit of taxation has been reached and
the needed advance in teachers' salaries cannot be made without
more liberal school appropriations by the State Legislature.
TEACHERS' RETIREMENT FUND.
The need of providing for teachers in old age is keenly felt in all
our cities. ''The pitiable condition of public school teachers who
liave grown old and inferior in the service," says a w-riter in one of
the leading dailies, ''has long borne testimony to a sad defect in
the public school system. The pay gave a meagre living and noth-
ing more, and made accumulation impossible, except at the cost of
present privation. It drove the more resourceful teachers into bet-
ter paying callings ; and by making the profession of school teaching
unattractive, it is responsible in part for the shortage of school
teachers at the present time." Cities like New York and Philadel-
phia have i)rovided a retirement fund for superannuated teachers,
and if it is at all possible, the Legislature should take steps to make
similar action possible in the school districts which belong to the
second, third and fourth class. If retirement funds for firemen de-
signed to ])romote greater efficiency in the service, are constitutional,
it is also legitimate for the State to make similar provision for
teachers, with a view to the improvement of the service.
xiv REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
THE ENROLMENT OF CHILDREN.
There is a waste of money every second year in the double enrol-
ment of children. The law, as it now stands, requires an enrolment
of children under the compulsory law to be made annually, and an
other enrolment of the children between six and sixteen years of age
to be made biennially, the latter at a different time of the year,
thus requiring two enrolments every second year for practically the
same object— that is, to obtain the names and number of children
between six and sixteen years. Money can be saved by the enact-
ment of a law requiring the enumeration under the compulsory at-
tendance law to be used as the basis for the distribution of one-third
of the school appropriatioh. Experience has shown that the school
directors can make this enrolment with more accuracy and at less
expense than the assessors.
HIGH SCHOOL INSPECTION.
The liberality of the last Legislature in setting apart one hundred
thousand dollars in aid of township high schools for each of two
years has brought the amount paid to the several districts almost
to the maximum allowed by law. High schools of the first grade
received |T60; those of the second grade received |570; and those
of the third grade received |380. Some of these high schools are
doing excellent work; others are on trial; one was discontinued.
The total number of township high schools is 234. A State Inspector
is needed to visit these schools to classify them after personal in-
spection and to see that the bounty of the State is wisely applied.
In some sections there is a tendency to put an elaborate course of
study on paper in the hope of securing a larger share of the State's
money. It is impossible for one teacher to do justice to more than
the studies of a high school of the third grade; two are needed for
a high school of the second grade; and not less than three should
be employed by the district that is ambitious to have its high school
rated as a high school of the first grade.
Many boroughs need help as sadly as the townships; and it is
hoped that the Legislature may see its way clear to be as liberal
toward borough high schools as it has been toward those of the
townships. Simple justice would also require an equal degree of
liberality towards the high schools of the cities.
MORE MONEY FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES.
Education is the common creed of the American people. The school
is the one institution in which all Americans believe. They may
differ as to the kind of education best suited to the boy and the girl,
No. 6. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTIOiN. XV
but tliey agree that without good schools we cannot assimilate the
children of the foreigner to our free institutions, nor can we con-
tinue to hold the place which we have attained among the nations.
And jet school teachers are the most poorly paid of all our public
servants. Good schools cost money, an(i parsimony in school ap-
propriations is the worst policy which a Commonwealth can adopt.
Out of the money which has accumulated in the State Treasury the
next Legislature should make a more liberal appropriation for the
common schools. Pennsylvania is rich enough to give her children
all the education they are willing to take, and no more important
question can occupy the attention of our law-makers than the bet-
terment of our public schools.
Kespectfully submitted,
NATHAN C. SCHAEFFEK,
Superintendent of Public Instruction.
REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
PENNSYLVANIA.
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Ivelatiiig- to the Public Schools of Pennsylvania for the School Year
Ending June 4, lOOG — Including Philadelphia.
Number of school districts in the State, 2,572
Number of schools, 32,031
Number of township high schools, 234
Number of graded schools, 16,227
Number of superintendents, 155
Number of male teachers, 7,874
Number of female teachers, 25,357
AVhole number of teachers, 33,231
*Whole number of directors, 16,022
Average salaries of male teachers per month, |53 16
Average salaries of female teachers per month, 31) 41
Average length of school term in months, 7. 69
Whole number of pupils, 1,229,046
Average number of pupils, in daily attendance, 938,866
Cost of school houses — purchasing, building, renting,
etc., 16,103,741 33
Teachers' wages, 15,141,652 46
*Cost of school text-books, 702,273 33
Cost of school supplies other than text-books, includ-
ing maps, globes, etc., 748,550 31
Fuel, contingencies, fees of colhM-tors and other ex-
penses, 7,482,820 34
Total expenditures, 30,239,037 77
Kegular appropriation to common schools for the
school year ending June 4, 1906, 5,212,500 00
Appropriation for free tuition of students in State
Nornml schools for school year ending June 4, 1906, 237,500 00
Appropriation for township high schools, 100,000 00
♦Philadelphia not included in this item.
No.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Items Compai'C'd witli those of tlie rreceding Year Ending- June 5,
l!)0o — Philadelphia Included.
Increase in number of districts, 11
Decrease in number of graded schools, 3,421
Increase in number of schools, 712
Decrease in number of male teachers, 154
Increase in number of female teachers, .' 1,033
Increase in salarj^ of male teachers per month, |1 35
Increase in salary of female teachers per month, . . 27
Decrease in length of school term in months, .48
Increase in number of pupils, 19,138
Increase in teachers' wages, |()99,181 G2
Increase in cost of buildings, purchasing and renting, 742,475 46
Decrease in cost of fuel, contingencies, debts and in-
terest paid, 74,350 64
Condition of System, not Including Philadelphia, with Comparisons.
Number of districts, 2',o71 Increase, 11
Number of schools, 27,993 Increase, 598
Number of pupils, 1,061,406 Increase, 15,318
Ayerage daily attendance, 784,144 Decrease, 4,398
Per cent, of attendance, .. .86 No change.
Ayerage length of school
term in months 7.65 Decrease, .49
Number of male teachers.. 7.588 Decrease, 175
Number of female teach-
ers, 21,605 Increase, 940
Whole number of teachers, 29,193 Increase, 765
Ayerage salai-y of male
teachers per month, . . . .fSl 36 Increase, $1 45
Ayerage salary of female
teachers per month . . / . 38 92 Increase, 37
Cost of supplies other than
text-books, 576.052 36 Increase, 35,704 68
Teachers' wages 11,858,661 36 Increase, 621,499 40
Fuel and contingencies, . . 6,831,798 48 Increase, 338,175 17
Cost of text-books 762,273 .33 Increase, 58,501 70
Purchasing building and
repairing houses, 4,730..329 65 Increase, 149,056 12
Total expenditures, 24,759,115 18 Increase, 1,202,937 07
xviii REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.
Average number of mills,
levied for school pur-
poses, 6 . 65 Increase, .36
Average number if mills
levied for building pur-
poses, 1.60 Increase, .11
Amount of tax levied, . . . $15,981,970 73 Increase, |1,115,416 73
PHILADELPHIA.
Number of schools, 4,038
Number of male teachers, 286
Number of female teachers, 3,752
Average salary of male teachers per month, $172 35
Average salary of female teachers per month, 72 18
Number of pupils in school at end of year, 167,640
Average attendance, 154,722
Teachers' wages, $3,282,991 10
Cost of school houses and repairs, 1,373,411 68
Cost of books, fuel, stationery and contingencies, .... 172,497 95
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT, No. 6.
REPORTS
County Superintendents.
ADAMS COUNTY— H. Milton Roth.
At our annual teacliers' meeting which was held at Gettysburg on
the first day of September we were assisted by Miss Lillian John-
son, of Kutztown, who instructed in "The Rational Method of Read-
ing," and Prof. R. M. McNeal, of Harrisburg, who delivered an im-
pressive address on the subject of "Personal Influence of the
Teacher." These meetings are of great value, especially to the in-
experienced teachers. There were in attendance one hundred and
sixty-six- teachers to inspire each other with fresh zeal and enthu-
siasm for the work of the new year.
Our county institute was never better. Every teacher was
present to receive the helpful and spirited instruction given by the
able corps of speakers who occupied the platform. Dr. S. D. Fess,
of Chicago, and Hon. H. R. Pattengill, of Michigan, were with us
the entire week. The other instructors w^ere Drs. E. O. Lyte, Jos.
F. Barton, S. G. Hefelbower and H. U. Roop. Prof. Jerry March,
of Philadelphia, was director of music. Prof. March stands at the
head of the class as a music director and the singing proved to be
one of the special features of the institute. As lecturers we had
Mattison Wilbur Chase and Mr. J. E. Comerford. The entertain-
ments were given by the Montauk Ladies' Quartet, Whitney Brothers
Quartet, and Durno Company.
The Directors' Convention was very largely attended and proved
to be the most successful meeting ever held by the directors. They
decided by a unanimous vote to remain in session two days next
year. This is a commendable step. Messrs. J. A. Knouse, of
Arendtsville; H. W. Taylor, of Butler; H. C. Lady, of Franklin; D.
C. Rudisill, of Mount Joy; E. C. Weisensale, of Conewago township,
(1)
1—6—1906
2 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off.. Doc.
were named as delegates to represent the association at the State
convention. The first four of the above named delegates were in
attendance at the State convention which met at Harrisburg in
February. The officers of the association are as follows: President,
Kev. C. P. Bastian, Littlestown; Vice President, Mr. J. H. Diehl,
Franklin, and Mr. P. 0. Smith, of East Berlin; Secretary, Mr. H. W.
JButler, Couewago township; Treasurer, Dr. T. C. Billheimer, Gettys-
burg.
The usual number of institutes and educational meetings were
held in many districts. Owing to a lack of interest and profes-
sional spirit on the part of some of the teachers of several districts
organizations for institute work were not effected.
Butler built a new brick school house in the Bridge district,
twenty-eight by thirty-two feet.
Fairfield borough enlarged their school grounds and erected a new
one-story brick building. The building contains three school rooms,
cloak rooms and a vestibule, and is heated by means of a hot^ir
furnace in the cellar.
The Mount Joy board supplied all their schools with excellent out-
line maps.
The Butler board purchased maps and charts for two of their
houses.
The McSherrystown high school held a festival at the beginning of
the term from which they realized the sum of fifty dollars to increase
their library.
One hundred dollars were expended to better equip the science
department of the Gettysburg high school.
Number of school houses, 170
Number of schools, 197
Number of graded schools, 41
Number of pupils, G,321
Number of pupils who attended every day, 395
Number of examinations, 17
Number of provisional certificates granted, 108
Number of male teachers, 85
Number of female teachers, 114
Average age of teachers, 28
Number of teachers holding college diplomas C
Number of teachers holding normal school diplomas,. . 40
Number of teachers holding permanent certilicates,. . 2?
Number of teachers holding professional certificate's,. . 2!'
Number of teachers holding provisional certificates,.. 93
Number of schools visited by the Superintends nt 197
Number of schools visited by the directors 15'
Number of high school graduates, 2
No. 6. ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 3
Number of rural school graduates, 50
Total number of rural school graduates, '<'56
Total uumber of rural school graduates graduated from
State normal schools, 85
Total number of rural school graduates graduated from
colleges, 3-^
Number of school libraries, 65
Number of books added, 1^5
Number of teachers attending school, ^^
I am grateful to the School Department, the public press of the
county, the directors, the teachers, and the friends of education for
courtesies, co-operation and assistance in carrying forward the work
of popular education.
ALLEGHENY COUNTY— Samuel Hamilton.
You cannot measure the results of school work with mathematical
exactness. Mental development and growth in character elude the
efforts of all tangible measurements. We can organize and guide
the means, but mental and moral growth can be approximated only
in a general way.
Our schools, we believe, have made excellent progress during the
year. The intellectual and ethical results, as far as we can esti-
mate them, have been good. And if thorough organization, earnest
co-operation and skillful effort are guarantees of quality and quan-
tity in these results, our progress educationally has been at least
as great as in any former year. It is true that some of our directors
gave no more thought or attention to their schools than if the chil-
dren were mere articles of merchandise; but upon the whole our
boards are to be commended for their fidelity and co-operation, and
our teachers for the earnestness and A'igor of their efforts.
The Fifty-sixth Annual Session of the Allegheny County Institute
was held in Allegheny, August 27-31, 1006. It was possibly the
largest county institute ever held in the State. There were 1,381
teachers regularly enrolled; but since more than 1,G()0 teachers were
employed in our county last year, at least 200 teachers were not in
attendance at the institute.
The instructors were Hon. Henry Houck; Dr. Andrew W. Edson,
Associate Superintendent of New York City; Franklin E. Edmonds,
Esq., Philadelphia. The music was in charge of Prof. T. L. Gibson,
Ebensburg, Pa.
4 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
During the year, with the aid of our assistant Mr. Dickey, we were
able to visit practically all the schools in the county, A few were
missed in Elizabeth and Mifflin townships, but, aside from these and
an odd school here and there, every school in the county was visited
once, and some few twice. Not for many years has it been possible
for one man to visit all the schools annually, and our plan was to
visit part of the schools in each district every year. Under the pres-
ent arrangement, however, we expect to be able to make at least
one short visit to every school in the county each year.
ARMSTRONG COUNTY— Miles A. Milliron.
In submitting this, my first report of the schools of Armstrong
county, it gives me pleasure to state that the work of education has
made continued advancement along all lines. After assuming the
responsible duties of the office of County Superintendent, and mak-
ing a careful review of the existing conditions, we were led to be-
lieve that the one thing most needed for our schools, especially
those taught by the younger teachers, was a course of study. Dur-
ing the month of August we arranged a course of study for the rural
schools and had a thousand copies printed ready for distribution.
In order to have the course uniform through the county we pre-
sented the subject to the directors convention, at which time it was
unanimously approved and recommended for adoption in the schools;
the work of having it put into practice required no little effort and
we were retarded somewhat on account of sickness, during which
time, our thanks are due to teachers and directors, who so nobly
stood by us and assisted us in keeping the work in a prosperous con-
dition.
During the year we have attended nearly all the educational meet-
ings held throughout the county; five county institutes and the
County Superintendents' Convention at Harrisburg.
While we have many good teachers among those who have taught
and those beginning, for various causes there are some who should
never enter the school room as instructors. They secured a cer-
tificate, then a school and had reached the goal of their ambition.
They were no longer students but depend upon the knowledge re-
ceived from attending some school six or eight years ago. It has
been our aim, whenever the opportunity afforded itself, to place the
responsibility of the success of the school upon the teacher, for it
is our belief that four-fifths of the success of any school depends
upon the one who is in charge. If we have not succeeded in doing
No. 6. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 5
any one other thing, we have impressed the teachers of the need of
greater preparation, and are happy to state that at least eighty
per cent, if those having taught in the county last year are now
attending school. Although the work during the past year, in a
large measure, has been pleasant, we were compelled to perform
one unpleasant duty; that of annuling three certificates on which
the marks had been changed by the teacher. We are led to be-
lieve that our county is not alone in this as we have refused to
employ teachers coming from other counties for the same reason.
The county institute was pronounced by all as being one of the
best ever held in the county; the instructors were the best obtain-
able, the entertainments were of the highest order and gave uni-
versal satisfaction. Our teachers attended well and manifested
an interest that spoke volumes for the advancement of the schools.
We had with us the following array of talent: Dr. Ruric N. Roark,
Dr. Francis H. Green, Dr. W. W. Black, Dr. ^Y. W. Deatrick, Prof.
A. J. Mooney, Miss Anna Leasure, Miss Myrtle June McAteer.
The following entertainments occupied the evenings: Gen. Z. T.
Sweeney, Frank Dixon, Katharine Ridgeway Concert Company
and Roland D, Grant.
The self reporting system was used for the first time and the
teachers were placed on their honor. We never had better at-
tendance or more interest not only with the teachers but every
one. We were unable to find room for every body who wished to
attend and possibly 400 to 500 people were turned away at each
session. There is no better source of inspiration to the teacher
than a high rated county institute.
The directors met in their annual convention in the court house
December the first and second and about 150 of the 282 directors
were present. There never has been held in our county a more
enthusiastic convention. A large number of those present took
part in the discussions and we believe much good was derived from
the meeting. Dr. T. B. Noss, principal of California Normal, and
J. George Becht, principal Clarion Normal assisted in the discus-
sions. S. S. Blyholder, of Bethel township was elected president;
Hon. G. W. McNeese, of Applewald borough, secretary, and I. K.
Loomis, of Mahoning township, treasurer.
Bradys Bend township erected a modern four roomed building
at Kaylor. Dayton borough erected a four roomed brick building.
Many other improvements throughout the county added greatly to
the appearance of the school buildings.
In closing this report we wish to render our sincere thanks to
teachers and directors for their hearty support and co-operation,
to the press of the county for wholesome educational influence.,
and to the Department of Public Instruction for courteous treat-
ment.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
BEAVER CO LINT r— Andrew Lester.
It is difficult to express adequately in a few lines, the work for
a year of the schools of a county. We might say that in common
with most counties we had a few schools in Beaver county last
year that were failures, a number that w'ere successful and a great
many fairly successful.
In this, the first year of our administration, we have found a
very commendable spirit among the teachers in their desire and
effort to elevate the standard of learning in the county. We shall
not allow ourselves to become discouraged with teachers who may
be deficient in scholarship as long as they are making the effort
to progress. We are glad to say that we have but few teachers
who are willing to sit down with folded arms to await the good
will of the school directors and the county superintendent. Our
teachers, and, we are glad to say, our patrons and school directors
no longer look upon the school as an auxiliary to charity, but rather
as a business; a business from which the returns will be com-
mensurate with the capital invested.
During the year there were training classes in algebra and civil
government conducted at three points in the county in which nearly
one hundred teachers enrolled; more than fifty pursued work by
correspondence; and we are assured that during the summer al-
most two hundred will attend school either in the county or at
neighboring Normal schools. ^
In recognition of the efforts put forth by our teachers, we are
assured that quite material advances will be made in salaries. Last
year there were eighty schools in the county paying the minimum
salary; this year there will be no more than one-half that number.
From careful investigation we are convinced that many patrons
and school directors of Beaver county are walling and glad to pay
good salaries to deserving teachers; but we regret that so many
school boards have not yet adopted the i)lan of graded salaries.
Good teachers are obliged each year to leave the country dis-
tricts because as they grow in ability to teach, the salary does not
grow also. Unless the rural districts offer better inducements
to retain their experienced teachers, they will soon become train-
ing schools for the borouglis and for the townships paying higher
salaries. The fact is patent that a teacher of a few years suc-
cessful experience should receive a belter salary than a beginner
or a poorly prepared teacher. We hope shortly to be able to
require a years special training or at least two summer terms
No. 6. BEAVER COUNTY, 7
of those entering the profession in the county. Our plan is to
begin the professional training of our teachers at about the age
of fifteen or sixteen and when they become of a teacher's age they
will then be ready to take up the work. We would urge parents
and teachers to encourage the more advanced pupils to begin early
their preparation to teach.
In looking over the whole field, we can see much cause for en-
couragement; yet we wish to mention a few phases of the work
where we hope improvement will soon be made. Doubtless the
lack of co-oijeration on the part of parents and directors with the
teacher is prevalent in other counties, but we confess our share
of the evil. The average number of visitation in the rural schools
during the year by directors was two; the average number by
parents four. We have known teachers who taught successfully
for seven months without receiving a single word of commenda-
tion from either director or parent and who left the school with-
out even a hint that they might return next year. Some of our
teachers set apart special days, called parents' days, one or two
during the year, when invitations were issued to all parents in
the district. Work of the pupils prepared for the occasion was
placed on exhibition and quite a lively interest was manifested
and much good done in the districts. We hope that the coming
year all the schools of the county will arrange to have similar
meetings.
Not only do our schools lack unity of interest, but they also
lack uniformity of purpose and plan. During the directors meet-
ing at the county institute the question of a uniform system for
the rural and village schools of the county was discussed and a
course of study, Berkey's Manual and Guide for Teachers, was
adopted. It is expected that the course of study will go into
operation in all parts of the county the coming year. As soon as
we secure some degree of uniformity in our work, we expect to
hold examinations for common school graduation.
Be it said to the shame of Beaver county that not half the schools
have proper outbuildings. There is a question of morality involved
here for which many school directors do not seem to consider
themselves accountable. The first thing that many school boards
ought to do in this county is to erect at every school house nice
new water closets; then to see that they are kept clean and that
they are cared for and disinfected properly. There is no moral
question involved in a poor blackboard, but there may be in a
poor water closet.
Two new school buildings were completed during the year; one
in New Sewickley township and one in the borough of Monaca.
The latter building is among the best in the county, being erected
3
8 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
on plans approved by the best school men, and costing about thirty
thousand dollars. At least two new buildings are contemplated for
the coming year. We have been urging the directors of the county
to improve and beautify not only the school buildings but also the
grounds.
We cannot yet report any centralized schools or township high
schools. The six academies which long did such excellent work
for the county have gone into disuse and the need of high schools to
take the place of these academies is very apparent. A high school
is under consideration in Ohio township and we believe that when
one high school is established, others will soon follow.
Our annual county institute was held December 30, to January 4.
From the comments that were made by the teachers and others,
we feel warranted in saying that the institute was a success. The
day instructors were Dr. R. N. Roark, Dr. Edwin Erie Sparks, and
Dr. H. R. Pattengill. The evening entertainments consisted of
lectures by Drs. Sparks and Pattengill, Roland D. Grant, Guy C.
Lee, a recital by Mrs. Beecher, and a concert by the Green Family
Concert Company. We were much pleased at the interest shown
not only by teachers but also by visitors in the institute; and we
are indebted to the patrons for the hearty support in trying to make
the event one of pleasure to all concerned.
The almost total lack of direct personal supervision by the county
superintendent over the individual schools of the county leads us
to mention the matter of district superintendents. It is impos-
sible for a superintendent to visit all the schools of Beaver county
more than once each year. Last year we visited all the schools in
the county but seven. Some we visited twice; and a few three
times. These visits averaged less than two hours each. We believe
that the greatest amount of good done by a county superintendent
does not consist in his visitations. The casual observer judges the
superintendents work hj its outward manifestations; the visitations
and the teacher's examinations. The first of these duties is looked
upon as a mere formal duty and indeed to some extent it is, for no
one can do a great amount of good by visiting a school two hours per
year. We feel that if Beaver county were divided into six districts
with a district superintendent over each having about forty schools
for each superintendent, we could accomplish grand results for the
county; but this would mean an additional cost to the county of at
least eight thousand dollars. When we consider the cost, we dis-
miss the idea.
A scheme which would accomplish the same ends, only less ef-
fectively might properly be submitted. For an expense of about
one-tenth of the above sum, six good teachers, one in each district
could be secured who could teach a school and work in conjunction
No. 6. BEDFORD COUNTY. 9
with the county superintendent in their respective districts. The
salary of such a superintendent would be paid by the district over
which he would have supervision. This superintendent would be
appointed by a convention of school directors from all the town-
ships composing the district together with the advice of the county
superintendent. A teacher who is now receiving a salary of |45,
would, with the superintendency, receive, say |60 or |65. This
superintendent would arrange for local institutes, conduct teachers
classes on Saturdays, visit teachers who might need help, especially
beginners, report and meet with the county superintendent at stated
times, and do various other things that the county superintendent
cannot do because of the large scope of territory he has in charge.
The cost of such supervision would not exceed |5 per school; the
results would be incalculable. We have known many promising
young teachers fail merely because there was no one to come up
and give a little timely assistance. With district supervision, our
efforts could be concentrated where assistance is needed.
We wish to express our gratitude to the Department of Public
Instruction and to the directors and teachers of Beaver county for
the kindly assistance and co-operation during this first year of our
administration. We hope for even more united effort the coming
year in an attempt to make the schools of Beaver county the equal
of any in the State.
BEDFORD COUNTY— J. Anson Wright.
The work done in the schools of the county during the past year
was, in the main, honest, thorough and efficient. While there were
no striking examples of superior achievement, there were, on the
other hand, very few of the discouraging features that not infre-
quently interfere with the steady progress of the schools. The prin-
ciple that the best way to improve the school is to raise the standard
of teachers' qualifications has been followed as closely as practicable.
The recent advance in teachers' wages under the new salary law is
no doubt responsible, in large part at least, for an increase last year
in the number of applicants for a teacher's certificate. The number
advanced from 356 to 410. Taking advantage of this fact, the mini-
mum age of those who were to be regarded as eligible to receive a
teacher's certificate was advanced in this county from 17 years to
18 years and the requirements in examinations were made more rigid.
10 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
The result may be only partially shown by figures. Last year 81
applicants, or but 24 per cent, of those who entered the examina-
tions, were refused certificates. This year 136 applicants, or 33 per
cent., were rejected. Thus both in the average age and the scholastic
attainments of the teachers the effort was made to raise the stand-
ard. In theory the requirements may be regarded by some as still
much too low. True as this claim may be, the law of supply and
demand so operates here as to prevent a more rapid advance. As a
matter of fact scarcely more were commissioned to teach than were
necessary to fill the schools. Teachers' wages have been steadily,
though very slowly, advancing in the county during the past six or
seven years. The average monthly salary paid to men teachers,
based on the number of the same, is now $38.95, an increase of 9
cents over that of last year, and of women teachers, |35.67, a gain
of 18 cents over that of the preceding year. While many district are
now paying teachers apparently all they can afford to pay them
under present conditions, it is evident that the wages are still not
high enough in most districts to command the services of trained and
experienced teachers. The problem before us along this line is to
make it possible for every district to pay sufficient salaries to obtain
superior teachers and to educate the public to demand such teachers.
In regularity of attendance the statistics for this year equal
those of the improved record for last year, the average monthly per-
centage of attendance being 87, while the number in attendance
every day of the term advanced from 945 to 1018 and is now equal to
nearly 10 per cent, of the total number enrolled. The enrollment,
however, dropped from 10,840 to 10,534. Since there were but 65
pupils of school age not in any school during the term as against
67 last year, the falling off in the enrollment is evidently due to an
actual decrease in the number of pupils of school age. The pro-
portion between the number of teachers holding only a provisional
certificate and those holding a certificate of higher grade was as
207 to 139, the ratio last year being as 200 to 142. It is to be re-
gretted that the change, while slight, was in the wrong direction.
The number of women teachers in the county is 184 and exceeds the
number of men teachers by 20. Until within a very few years the
men were in the majority, but as in most other counties, though to a
lesser extent in our case, the majority in favor of the women is in-
creasing. A one-room house in Broad Top township is the only
school building erected in the county during the year. It is a sub-
stantial and well-planned building embodying some good modern
features of construction. The improvement of the school grounds
at Defiance is worthy of special mention. A good picket fence was
built around the grounds and, under plans submitted by a competent
landscape gardener, walks were laid out and cori&tructed, trees were
No. 6. BEDFORD COUNTY. 11
set, flower plots were made, and shrubbery was planted. The cost
of planting- and fencing the grounds was about |4(J0. In placing
new pictures on the walls and making additions to libraries, many
of the teachers of the county showed commendable zeal in continu-
ing a good w^ork recently begun in this direction. In the matter of
libraries, the work done in Bloomfield township is worthy of special
notice. In the Broad Top township high school and in the Everett
schools valuable commercial and geographical cabinets were in-
stalled during the year. The number of graduates from the common
schools in 1906 was 95, eight of whom were graduated from our two
township high schools, in the three years' course.
The county school directors' convention held at Bedford in De-
cember last was the largest and most successful of the three an-
nual meetings so far held. Thirty-six of the forty-one districts of
the county, or all but five, were represented by one or more di-
rectors, w^hile a few districts sent full delegations. The total en-
rollment w^as 115, exceeding that of the preceding year by 42. The
president, F. E. Colvin, in his opening address emphasized the value
of a convention such as this. What the grange is to farmers, the
bar association to lawyers, synods and conferences to ministers, in-
stitutes to teachers, this convention should be to school directors.
The law makes it the duty, as it should be the pleasure, of every di-
rector to attend; and all must enter into the discussions if the best
results are to be attained. The law now provides for the reasonable
compensation of the directors who attend the convention, and
rightly so. The directors were particularly fortunate in having the
State Superintendent, Dr. Schaeflfer, wdth them in this convention.
Among the many good things that he said was his statement that,
in the matter of securing good teachers, the greatest obstacles to be
overcome are party, family, and church influences. Again, a form
of "inbreeding" is practiced in many districts whereby only home
teachers are emploA^ed. The teaching talent thus deteriorates. The
best teachers obtainable should be employed, let their residence be
where it may. New ideas are beneficial in school work, as new
blood is vivifying to stock.
The institute held in December last was attended by 328 of the
335 teachers of the county. The work and the interest, as well as
the attendance by teachers and the public, were up to the same high
standard as in former years. The instructors were Dr. Brumbaugh.
Prof. Albert, Prof. Green, and Supt. McGinnis; reciter. Miss Her-
ring. The evening lectures and entertainments were given by J.
Hampton Moore, Dr. Brumbaugh, Kussel H. Conwell, Carmen's
Italian Boys, and the Cosmopolitan Concert Company.
12 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
SEEKS COUNTY— Eli M. Rapp.
Four new school buildings were erected the past year.
Longs wamp erected a model four-roomed township high school
building with all of the modern conveniences and appliances at a
cost of |10,000. The structure is of brick with sandstone trim-
mings.
Caernarvon erected a substantial four-roomed township high
school building at Morgantown at a cost of |8,000. This building
is of stone, with suitable basement for manual training.
It was dedicated on the first of the year and reflects the public
school spirit of this enterprising community in a marked degree.
Lower Alsace erected a handsome two-roomed brick structure at
Stony Creek Mills, thus centralizing and grading part of its schools.
The two former one-roomed buildings were abandoned. The di
rectors of this township deserve great credit for their foresight and
enterprise.
Heidelberg erected a one-roomed brick structure with all con-
veniences— «ellar heat, slate blackboards, cloak rooms, library room,
porch, steeple, with bell, artesian well on grounds, etc., at a cost of
13,000.
Birthday Celebrations.
The past year the birthdays of two authors were celebrated in
the schools with suitable exercises.
November 13 was observed as Robert Louis Stevenson Day. An
eight-page circular containing suggestive matter for observance of
the day was forwarded to each teacher in the county. Interest was
renewed in his writings and many patrons, teachers and pupils
bought and read the most popular of his writings.
In his tribute to Stevenson, Andrew Long says: "I have known
no man in whom the pre-eminently manly virtues of kindness,
courage, sympathy, generosity, helpfulness were more beautifully
conspicuous than in Mr. Stevenson, and none so much loved — ^it is
not too strong a word — by so many and such various people."
The bi-centenary of the birth of Benjamin Franklin was cele-
brated in many of the schools on the 17th of January. His auto-
biography was read in the higher grades while his achievements as
printer, statesman, diplomat, inventor and scientist were told by
the teachers in all grades.
Franklin was one of the rare men who, to astonishing, if not
indeed quite unequaled, variety of talent, add those qualities of the
No. 6 BERKS COUNTY. 13
heart which rank him high among the benefactors of the race.
What a really wonderful career it was in its scope, in its length
and continuity, in steadfast and alert energy, in its influence on
the lives of men and nations. No wonder that the whole civilized
world is paying tribute to the memory of this great American.
Township High Schools.
During the past year township high schools were established at
Wernersville, Robesonia, Longswamp and Oley. There are now
nine of these schools in the county — high schools in fact as well
as name — and every one comes up to expectations.
Longswamp by properly locating its magnificent newly erected
high school building — consolidated and centralized part of its
schools. There are now three grades with an additional grade to
be opened another year. The pupils attending are only too glad
under the present improved school facilities to transport them-
selves. Two first class one-roomed buildings were abandoned.
Consolidation and centralization of schools is rapidly gaining
ground in this county. Longswamp is again slowly, but surely re-
suming its former place in the educational ranks of the districts in
the county.
Oley merged the Academy into a township high school of the
second grade and its Principal, C. Waldo Leinbach, a graduate of
Franklin and Marshall College, became principal of the township
high school. This was the last Academy in the county and has been
in existence since 1857. No other institution of learning in the
county outside of the Keystone State Normal School has been more
potent in raising and maintaining the standard of education in rural
Berks than this school. Its many students who are graduates of
higher institutions of learning, are testimonies to its usefulness.
The benefits arising to the immediate locality of the school were
inestimable.
A modification of courses of study should be made which should
provide for the introduction in these schools the elements of agri-
culture and domestic science and such further lines of industrial
education as local conditions may make feasible. The strictly agri-
cultural or industrial high school is found in but few localities in
this country, but the character of the work already done in exist-
ing schools of this class, the interest they aw^aken, and the hearty
support they receive from the agricultural communities maintain-
ing them, the history of these schools in foreign countries, the value
of their work, both for disciplinary and practical purposes, all com-
bine to present the strongest reasons for schools of this type.
These schools are an absolute necessity for the proper develop-
ment and re-organization of the rural school system. These schools
14 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
should be distinctively industrial in their character. A revolution
in industrial methods is going on to-day and our educational ma-
chinery must be remodeled sufficiently to meet it.
Protection to Child Labor.
The arrest and conviction of a number of manufacturers in sev-
eral of our towns for disregarding the child labor law had a whole-
some effect on school attendance in those districts. It is a dis-
grace to this great State that the cause of the child workers in the
mills has not been taken up and its laws rigidly enforced until quite
recently. The child labor blot is now being gradually swept from
Pennsylvania's escutcheon. Yes, there are better forces at work
in our American life. What we need is the full awakening, the
time when we can desist from the struggle for wealth to consider
the cost. We, as a nation, are money-mad. We worship the golden
calf. So long as we all feverishly want the myriad things that
money will buy, so long will we go through fire and water, regardless
of results, to get wealth. There are hopes that this wave of riotous
living will some day run its course; it will leave much wreckage be-
hind, but it will purify society and clear the way for a finer civiliza-
tion, under which the dollar will no longer be the autocrat that it
now is.
In history we read of the acts of despots in time of slavery, but
never was there slavery more cruel than that to which the children
of the present day are subjected in the daily grind of the mills.
The cause is greed, greed, greed. It forms a new page in the story
of man's inhumanity to man.
There is no general crime so diabolical as to rob a child of the
very fundamentals of an all-round educational discipline, of every
feature of boyhood joyousness, of physical elasticity and mental
hopefulness by putting him to work for long hours in mine, mill,
or factory. Christian faith, economic sanity, social rectitude are
never natural to such a child. The tendency is to dwarf him phy-
sically, as well as mentally and morally.
Organized labor may have its faults, but it also has its virtues,
not the least of which is its uniform, intelligent, and ardent opposi-
tion to child labor, and its advocacy of the best child labor laws in
every State in the Union. Dr. Felix Adler, the noted New York
ethical culturist, recently said:
"The emancipation of childhood from economic servitude is a
social reform of the first magnitude. If it comes to be an under-
stood thing that a certain sacredness 'doth hedge' around a child,
that a child is industrially tabooed, that to violate its rights is to
touch profanely a holy thing, that it has a soul which must not be
blighted for the prospects of mere gain — if this be generally con-
No. 6 BERKS COUNTY. 15
ceded with regard to the child, the same essential reasoning will be
found to apply also to the adult workers; they, too, will not be
loked upon as mere commodities, as mere instruments for the ac-
cumulation of riches. I have great hopes for the adjustment of our
labor difficulties on a higher plane, if only we can gain the initial
victory of inculcating regard for the higher human nature that is
present potentially in the child."
Vaccination.
It is with a great deal of pride to report that during the vaccina-
tion "upheavel" of last winter fully 90 per cent, of the patrons
throughout the county readily complied in having their children
vaccinated. Nothing has given us greater satisfaction than the
general compliance of the vaccination law. It speaks volumes for
our people. The level of intelligence is rising in this county. The
presumptive individual intelligence which has been relied upon to
adopt a personal protection to health and life, the value of which
has been universally demonstrated, has not been a delusion and a
snare. The cry of the ignorant, incompetent and demagogue availed
very little.
Those curious people who believe the dial hand of progress should
turn backward, esi)ecially in the matter of prevention and cure of
diseases, hare received very little encouragement. It is indeed a
pity that those who are so fond of fighting the very hand that is
lifted to help them should not migrate to those "happy" countries
in the Orient, where nobody bothers about modem sanitation or
preventive means, where everj body is free to give and free to ac-
quire disease and do it and where the plague-stricken die like flies,
with none to care, none to help. It is in civilized lands and among
people that believe that there is a community of interest on the
part of many in the individual, and who are determined that the in-
dividual shall not sacrifice the community, nor the community the
individual.
Opposition to vaccination is criminally unreasonable. It would
be more of a credit to the people of our Commonwealth if they would
erect a monument to the State Health Commissioner, Dr. Dixon,
for enforcing the health laws of the State, than by burning him in
effigy or condemning him in resolutions for doing his duty. The
effort to make vaccination universal should be supported by all in-
telligent citizens. In a few districts the excitement was intense
and the prejudices approached fanatical superstition. There were
sporadic cases of fanatical opposition. In one district the teacher
went to school every iaj for four months and sat before empty
benches. The directors would not listen to a resignation and stood
noblv bv the teacher.
16 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
The directors of the county, at their annual convention in the fail
were practically unanimous in giving their unqualified support to
the teachers in their enforcement of the law and in only one in-
stance was any attempt made by a local Board to intimidate their
teachers to openly violate the law by admitting unvaecinated chil-
dren, but the teachers magnanimously refused to become law-
breakers. Our teachers deserve great credit for their heroic part
under the most trying circumstances. They are imbued with the
right idea that to obey the law is the most important duty of an
American citizen.
That it is more important to teach respect for law than it is to
teach the three R's.
Better a nation of ignorant people who obey the law than a nation
of educated law-breakers.
One teacher was arrested and fined for non-compliance with the
law. In another district a bellicose and belligerent parent during
a noon intermission laid violent hands upon a young athletic teacher
for not accepting his vaccinated children without a physician's cer-
tificate. The parent was hors de combat in less than two minutes
and was confined to bed badly bruised for several days. The teacher
was arrested, but the plaintiff is not pressing the case.
A highly cultured and refined young lady in a one-teacher district
was driven into the street from her boarding place by an irate patron
for sending home his unvaecinated children. She readily obtained
another boarding place. Her pluck made her a heroine and her
other patrons, to a man, rallied to her support and denounced the
offending patron in not very complimentary terms.
Mrs. Lora C. Little, editor of an anti-vaccination journal published
in Minneapolis, tried to organize a number of anti-vaccination socie-
ties and leagues in the county, but failed to get any enthusiastic
support and encouragement. We are opposed to the law as it
stands, as it punishes the innocent instead of the guilty.
Law Should be Amended
So as to put the responsibility on the parents, physicians and health
authorities and not on the teachers. Children should be vacci-
nated before school age.
No one will ever succeed in doing away with a vaccination law
in this State. While other States and the federal government are
passing laws to protect the health of their people we certainly will
not take a step backward toward the dark ages.
Every child should go to school and every child should be vacci-
nated. The sooner these two principles are recognized the better.
No. 6. BLAIR COUNTY. 17
BLAIK COUNTY— T. S. Davis.
We are still moving in the right direction. Last year we had
237 school rooms, this year 245, a gain of 8.
Seven new houses were built and occupied during the year, all
being built of brick, costing from $1,600 to |10,000 each, heating,
ventilating and furnishing of the latest approved modern designs.
Out of the 159 houses in the county, we have (11) eleven that
should be torn down, blown down, or burned down, they are eye
sores in the communities in which they are located. Two of them
will be replaced with modern brick buildings this year.
I wish I could say as much for the outbuildings and surroundings
of school properties. A great deal of missionary work remains to
be done in this field. We try to impress upon school officials, and
teachers in particular that time spent upon beautifying grounds
and keep out houses locked and cared for is just as important as
courses of study, programs, recitations, etc.
We have a gain of 6 graded schools over last year.
Algebra is not taught in as many schools as last year. Teachers
were starting classes in algebra before the pupils had enough
knowledge of arithmetic to make the study profitable. Better to
know something well than to know more things poorly.
Two hundred eleven (211) provisional certificates were granted,
and of these 122 were elected to teach in the schools of the county.
Of this 122, thirty-five (35) had no previous experience. Twenty-five
(25) of these beginners would make good teachers if they would re-
main in the business and improve their minds by study and obser-
"\ ation, but so many of the good teachers of a few years experience
leave to enter some other business that pays more money that it
makes a superintendent heart sick when he looks around and sees
the people that appear to be chosen of God to lead the young, drift
off into clerkships, business pursuits, or matrimony, and their places
taken by the young, immature and often helpless.
If only some way cOuld be devised to hold the truly worthy and
pay the price to keep them. Many school men think it looks too
much like discrimination to pay one teacher |40 per month and
another |80 per month to teach the same grade of school in the
same township but I think it shows discrimination to pay them
both alike when the one is worth double, yes ten times the other
in the amount and quality of work done.
2—6—1906
18 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
I am well aware it would be a difficult affair to adjust, for wlio
should be tlie judge of the work of the two teachers?
Our average age of teachers this year is 27, a gain of 3 years over
last when it was 24.
Twenty-eight per cent, of our teachers are males.
Eighty-nine of our teachers have taught over five years, a loss of
19 over last year.
We have lost in Normal graduates, and gained in professional
and permanent certificates. Also gained in college graduates.
More books have been added to school libraries, new libraries have
been started in school houses where none existed before, better
wages are paid to teachers, a few dollars more per month, more
interest has been manifested in educational meetings.
The only thing that shows a serious loss is the per cent, of at-
tendance and that is owing almost entirely to the ''obnoxious vac-
cination law." The majority of the people in the rural districts
of this county look upon it as an infringement upon their personal
liberties. They say: ''What is to hinder the State from passing
a law that we must all eat bran bread and our clothing must be
uniform?" The worst case of small-pox we had in the county was
that of a vaccinated person and this did not help the matter any
but made room for more opposition to the law. One school dropped
to two pupils and remained at that the balance of the term.
A new uniform course of study for the rural schools of the county
was introduced into all the rural schools by the Superintendent.
It more nearly folloM's the plan of the Michigan course of study for
rural schools than any other. At the close of the schools or during
the last two weeks of school one hundred and one (101) pupils were
examined in the county as having completed this course. Diplomas
were given to eighty-seven (87). By combining districts, the Super-
intendent was personally able to examine these pupils. It required
seven different examinations. Those receiving diplomas are ready
to enter a high school. We believe that in a very few years the
number of applications for diplomas will be doubled.
The County Institute was a success. Dr. M. G. Brumbaugh, of
University of Pennsylvania; Supt. W. W. Stetson, of Maine, and
Prof. J. A. Myers, of Juniata College were the day instructors, Jerry
March, of Philadelphia was the music leader.
The night lectures were given by Dr. Brumbaugh and Dr. Sch-
mucker, of West Chester, Pa. There were two entertainments
given, one by Whitney Brothers Male Quartette, the other by Car-
men's Italian Boys.
Four teachers were absent, detained by sickness, large crowds of
the public attended.
The directors' convention was attended bv one hundred eleven
Ko. 6. BRADFORD COUNTY. 19
(111) directors out of 156 in the county, each district had, at least,
one representative. Dr. O. T. Corson, of Columbus, Ohio, was in at-
tendance and j^ave three talks to directors and the public.
Our local institutes were well attended this year, especially by
teachers.
Since sending in our last report, Justice John Dean of the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania, a resident of this county, a superintendent
of the county schools from 1857 to '59, and a much loved and re-
spected citizen of this community, has passed away. His forefathers
were the pioneer settlers of this locality, some of the members of the
earlier families were massacred by Indians.
Justice Dean was strong in body and intellect and had an unsur-
passed knowledge of men and affairs and a truer man to his friends
never breathed. Peace to his ashes.
I thank the Department, the press, teachers, patrons and pupils
for assistance in this great educational work.
BRADFORD COUNTY— H. S. Putnam.
Strict adherence to the higher standard of qualifications demanded
for teachers' certificates required a great amount of examination
work iH'ior to the opening of the schools. Fourteen public exami-
nations were held, 276 provisional certificates and 24 professional
certificates were granted and 67 applicants were rejected. The num-
ber of schools opened was 462, being an increase of 13 over last
year. There were employed 88 male teachers and 385 female
teachers; their average age was 25 years. Fifty-eight had had no
previous experience while 197 had taught more than five years: of
the teaching force 252 held provisional certificates, 110 held profes-
sional certificates, 24 permanent certificates, 87 were Normal gradu-
ates, 43 had attended a Normal school but did not graduate, and 53
received all their education in the common schools, 15 were gradu-
ates of colleges. These figures show a constant increase in the
qualification of the teachers over former years, with possibly this
exception, that the number of male teachers employed has been
growing less from year to year.
The Annual Teachers' Institute was held at Towanda the week
of October 9. The instructors were Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh of
the University of Pennsylvania; ex-Commissioner O. T. Corson, of
Columbus, Ohio; Deputy Superintendent Henry Houck, of Harris-
burg, Pa.; Professor Charles H. Albert, of Bloomsburg, Pa.; Super-
intendent Charles Lose, of Williamsport, Pa.; Miss Maude Willis,
2ft PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. DoC.
of Lock Haven, Pa.; Prof. O. H. Yetter, of Bloomsburg, Pa., musical
director, and Mrs. C. R. Stiles, of Towanda, Pa. The evening lec-
tures and entertainments were as follows: Monday — Dr. Martin G.
Brumbaugh, lecture on "Americanism and Puerto Rico;" Tuesday —
Dr. W. Quay Rosselle, "The University of Adversity ;" Wednesday—
Dr. Frank Bristol, "Brains;" Thursday— Recital, Miss Willis; Ad-
dress- Supt. Houck; Friday— The Lotus Glee Club and Minnie Mar-
shall Smith.
Nearly all the teachers were in attendance at the Institute and
showed their appreciation of the high order of the instruction re-
ceived, by words of commendation and it was generally voiced by
all persons present that no better Institute had ever been held in
this county.
Three interesting sessions of the Bradford County Educational
Association were held during the year. In the different sections of
the county eleven local institutes were held and were attended by
nearly all the teachers in the several communities.
The Bradford County Directors' Association held a two day ses-
sion at Towanda on February 21st and 22d. There were present
about 200 directors. Great interest was shown in the discussion
of the various topics. The evening session was addressed by Super-
intendent James M. Coughlin, of Wllkes-Barre. The association
adopted a constitution and by-laws and put itself on a sound finan-
cial basis by assessing each member in attendance 50 cents to meet
the expenses of delegates to State Directors' Association and other
expenses not provided for by the county appropriation.
Early in the year a course of study was sent to all the schools in
the county which had not already an adopted course. Each teacher
classified her pupils and made a report to the County Superin-
tendent, giving the name, age and grade of each pupil in her school.
To all teachers having eighth grade pupils, examination questions
for completion of the common branches were sent, and from the
report received it appears that 352 pupils took the examination and
that 117 were successful in passing. About 600 pupils received
perfect attendance certificates, which was a remarkable increase
over last year, and when consideration is taken of the fact that so
many of the schools were largely broken up by the enforcement of
the vaccination law, this number reflects much greater credit for
the interest the pupils have taken in their school work. No ques-
tion in recent years has interfered so much with the successful opera-
tion of the schools as the enforcement of the law requiring the
vaccination of pupils before their admission to the school. Nearly
all our teachers made strong effort to enforce the law and some were
humiliated by finding that teachers in neighboring schools, who
did not enforce the law, were neither arrested or interfered with by
No. e. BUCKS COUNTY. . 21
the Commissioner of Health, although frequent announcement to
this effect was made by the aforementioned person.
There should be speedy legislation on this question to the end
that a child shall not be deprived of the right to become an intel-
ligent citizen and religious person because his parent or guardian
will not consent to have him vaccinated.
The average country child is in less danger of getting small-pox
while in school than when out of school for the reason that he comes
in contact with fewer persons who might be infected with the dis-
ease. If compulsory vaccination is necessary let a law be enacted
requiring all persons to be vaccinated but do not put the penalty on
the child's right to an education.
Township high schools at Smithfleld, Orwell and Campton were
in successful operation last year and held very creditable commence-
ment exercises at the close of the term. The new law giving pupils
who have no high school privileges in the districts in which they
live, the privilege of attending high schools in neighboring districts,
has resulted in a large number of young people taking advantage
of the privileges of the act. Some dissatisfaction has arisen on the
part of the districts who are obliged to pay for the tuition, the
criticism being that pupils are accepted in the high schools who are
not qualified. Uniform examinations for applicants wishing to
attend high schools would strengthen the law and serve as an in-
ducement for better work in the grades leading up to the high school.
The consolidation of schools is gradually becoming more popular,
and much success has been obtained in the different townships
which have done the most in the direction of centralizing schools.
lUJCKS COUNTY— J. M. Shelley.
Although I have served in my present capacity but the latter half
of the present year, if I have been able to read the signs of the
times correctly there has been a decided advance in the work of
education in the county since the last report.
The start was made at the last triennial Directors' Association
Convention when the salary of the superintendent was raised from
|1,800 to |2,200. This not only showed the directors' appreciation
of the work of my. predecessor but aroused an increased interest in
the work of the superintendent.
During the first month of the school year a series of educational
meetings w^as held throughout the county in which the superin-
22 I>UBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. DoC.
tendent met all the teachers for the consideration and discussion
of plans for the coming year's work.
One of the most successful institutes in the history of the county
was held at the county seat from October 30 to November 3, 1905.
The instructors were Dr. S. D. Fess, Chicago University; Dr. John
S. Stahr, President of Franklin and Marshall College; Dr. Martin
G, Brumbaugh, University of Pennsylvania; Hon. John H. Landis,
Huperintendent of the U. S. Mint ; Kev. O. S. Kriebel, Principal Per-
kiomen Seminary; Prof. H. A, Surface, State Econo\nic Zoologist;
Dr. George W. Hull, Millersville State Normal; Dr. G. M. Philips,
West Chester State Normal, Prof. A. C. Rothermel, Kutztown State
Normal; Dr. Woodrow Wilson, President of Princeton University.
The music of the institute was under the excellent direction of Prof.
Jerry March, Girard College.
The graded course of study has now been adopted by a majority
of the districts and has done much to bring about that uniformity
and concerted action for which we are all striving.
Toward the end of the year each teacher of the county was sup-
plied with two classification blanks one of which has been deposited
with the local secretary and the other in the office of the Superin-
tendent. These reports contain a complete record of the school,
the grades of the pupils last year and next together with their
class averages in each subject for the year past. On the reverse
side is the complete program as followed during the past year and
other miscellaneous statistics. These reports are intended to aid
in the re-organization of the school at the opening the next term.
The teaching force has been somewhat disturbed during the year
owing to considerable sickness and a number of deaths which to-
gether with the resignation of the Superintendent to accept the po-
sition as Superintendent of City Schools of Norristowu and the
consequent appointment of his successor from the ranks of the
county caused considerable shifting throughout the year. It
brought out invariably the desirability of having regularly employed
substitutes wherever it is possible to do so.
All but two of the ''short" term districts have lengthened the
term to eight months and in many districts throughout the county
the salaries have been raised.
Economy of the right kind has been practised by some of the
districts in closing certain schools having only from five to ten
pupils on the roll and transporting them at the expense of the
district to the nearest school.
The annual Directors' Association discussed very favorably the
adoption of a uniform minimum course of study for the high schools
of the county. We hope to be able to report next year that this
has been accomplished.
No. 6. BtJTLP]R COUNT V 23
New townsliip high schools have been established during the year
at Feasterville, Southampton township, and Sohibury, Solebury
township, making a total of eleven townships having approved high
schools and twelve township high schools.
The twenty-six township graduation and high school graduation
examinations conducted by the superintendent showed progress in
most districts but a lack of uniformity of standards in the various
boroughs.
I took up my work in the middle of the year with some degree of
anxiety but with the kind indulgence of the State Department and
the cordial co-operation of the directors of the county the year has
been closed with some feeling of satisfaction and gratification that
the break in the year's work has not been greater and I look for
ward to the coming year with hopeful anticipation.
Gratefully acknowledging the kind assistance of the State Super-
intendent and of former superintendent, Prof. Martin, in break-
ing in a 'green' man in the middle of the year.
BUTLER COLTNTY— R. S. Penfleld.
To sum up the year's labors in the various avenues of school duties
is a difficult matter. For we patiently sow and plant and water
and watch, but the harvest is not yet; the fruitage perhaps not ours
to gather. Yet it is a pleasure to pass in review the doings of di-
rectors, teachers and pupils for a jjeriod of twelve months, for it
brings with it encouragement and suggests to us wherein we can
improve our systems and methods and thus gradually come nearer
our ideals.
Our present system of public instruction commands the appro-
val of all thinking men. The logic of events has forced us to realize
the inseparable relations of universal intelligence and probity to
the strength and perpetuity of a republican government, and the
moral claim of every child to an education commensurate with the
importance and dignity of his obligations and duty as an upright
and loyal citizen. I think there never has been a time in the history
of the public schools when their condition was more encouraging
than now.
A review of the year just closed indicates steady substantial pro-
gress as the result of earnest and faithful effort on the part of
teachers and school officers. On every hand there has been ob-
served a steady and unpretentious, but earnest and faithful dis-
4
24 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. i)oC.
charge of duty which is more productive of substantial progress
than more spectacular but less thorough and persistent efforts are
likely to be. We feel confident that, in the main, the trend of effort
on the part of teachers and directors is along the line of broader
development and keener discrimination in the character of instruc-
tion.
County Institute.
Our county institute which was held the week beginning Decem-
ber 18, 1905, was the center of much interest .and good work. An
effort was made to secure for instructors and lecturers the best
talent available. Prominent among those who gave instruction
were State Superintendent Stetson, of Maine; Dr. S. Y. Gillan, of
Milwaukee; Dr. D. C. Murphy and Dr. A. E. Maltby, of the Slippery
Rock Normal School; Superintendent John A. Gibson, of Butler;
Chancellor S. B. McCormick, of the AYestern University and Presi-
dent W. H. Crawford, of Allegheny College, Meadville. The work
presented was practical and the wants of the district schools were
kept uppermost, for as was declared by one of the instructors, "Only
the best is good enough for the district schools." The institute does
much toward awakening interest in education and in shaping
methods of instruction used in the schools throughout the county.
The local Institutes the past year have been prosperous. The
able principals of our borough schools, together with the leading
teachers and directors, have made these meetings a source of much
good.
Teachers.
Our schools frequently suffer from the incompetency of persons
who undertake the work of teaching as a mere make-shift and hav-
ing made no preparation for the work, lack both professional train-
ing and professional skill. Many of our schools are in the care of
well qualified, live, progressive, teachers meriting only commenda-
tion in their work, -but too large a proportion are in the hands of
the untrained and the inexperienced, who having been able to obtain
a certificate, consider their school days ended and study a thing of
the past. Our great need is the trained teacher. It would be of
little avail, for instance, to man the locomotives on our railroads
with youths who had no training for engineers and expect the trains
to be on time and passengers to be landed safe. Such engineers
should go for a time out of the cab into the tender. The scarcity of
well qualified teachers has sometimes made it necessary, on the
part of Superintendents, to license those who might better be pupils
in a Normal or some other good school than be employed as teacher.
We want more men and women who make teaching their calling for
No. 6. BUTLER COUNTY. 25
life, more "permanent teachers in permanent schools." The cease-
less law of change has worked evil in our common schools.
Directors.
Our directors as a class are representative men; the office of school
director is an important one carrying with it great responsibility.
Most of our school boards are showing a growing appreciation of
their duties by being more attentive to them. There are a few
districts in the county where a spirit of false economy stands in the
way of more rapid progress. A few directors forget that the educa-
tion of our children is a matter of business and should be attended
to in a practical business-like way. There is a growing disposilion
in our more progressive townships to make it a practice no longer
of hiring a teacher with a certificate merely, but a teacher who has
power to supplement fair scholarship with a cheerful, sympathetic
heart, tact, enthusiasm and other natural stamina, so essential to
intelligent school work.
School Buildings.
In some parts of our county there are school buildings sadly lack-
ing in school accommodations, standing like a blot on the face of
nature. Those should give place to better buildings, which should
be made attractive by beautifying the surroundings, and so ar-
ranged within as to give some degree of comfort to both teachers
and pupils.
The public is bound to surround its children with an environment
which will promote their intellectual and moral health. Neat,
cleanly, wholesome, cheerful rooms which are free from defacement,
of themselves inspire happiness, thrift, punctuality, obedience, and
mental and moral vigor. Grounds neatly arranged and well cared
for lead children to w^holesome sports as naturally as the sounds of
a fife and drum impel the veteran to fall into the measured step of
the military parade.
High Schools.
We now have four well organized township high schools in the
county and a growing sentiment in favor of the organization of
more of these schools. The want of the means for a higher educa-
tion for every boy and girl is becoming more sensibly felt each year.
The township high school provides the "missing link" between the
common school and the college. The time is ripe for the organiza-
tion of these schools. Many parents demand for their children a
more advanced culture than is afforded by the common schools.
This culture will fit them for a higher walk in life and enable them
26 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. DoC.
to exert a leading and more refined influence in society and the
State at large.
Course of Study.
In most of our schools effective results are very much impaired by
the frequent change of teachers and by the fact that there is very
little classification of pupils or uniformity of text books. No course
of study, no incentive to effort and no fixed orderly plan of opera-
tion. In too many schools mental arithmetic, spelling, and pen-
manship, three studies which count for much in the practical affairs
of life, are not given so much attention as in earlier days, and the
results are not gratifying. None but the fundamental studies
should be taught in our country schools and no pains should be
spared to teach them with all thorougnness. Under a good course
of study the teacher feels the stimulus of specific requirements,
within definite periods of time, and systematic and substantial
progress results.
Centralization.
In several schools of the county, the average attendance is not
more than ten pupils. The law provides for the consolidation of
small schools but it is hindered by local sentiment which is satis-
fied to cling to the past with all its clumsiness. Small contiguous
schools should be united when it can be done without great incon-
venience to the most distant pupils. The practice of discontinuing
weak schools and of convening pupils at public expense to stronger
schools continues to give favorable results and jjromise of further
expansion in the near future.
Supervision.
The importance of efficient supervision can scarcely be over esti-
mated. The supervision of the schools of a county carries with it a
bane or a blessing as the case may be. The superintendent should
be a mine of suggestion for the improvement of methods of teaching;
he must be a mentor, gentle but firm to warn the indolent, the care-
less, the injudicious of their errors.
It has been my endeavor during the year to broadcast ideas on
the importance of education and the benefits it will bring to the in-
dividual, the family and the State. We have tried to aid the efforts
of parents and teachers to increase the opportunities of their chil-
dren for a better education and to guide them in the most profitable
channels. During the year I have examined 460 candidates for
teachers' certificates. Seventy-one of them entered the classes
more than once, making a total of 531 sets of papers, averaging
twenty-one pages to the set. Three hundred and seventeen certifi-
No. 6. CAMBRIA COUNTY. 27
cates were granted. Two hundred and seventeen pupils were ex-
amined for the common school diplomas; one hundred and thirteen
diplomas were granted. From the middle of September to the
middle of April, 404 school visits w^ere made, averaging one and one-
fourth hours. Every school in the county was visited once and 92
of them the second time. Twenty-four educational meetings were
attended. School visitation and attendance at educational meetings
required approximately 2,700 miles of travel. Over 1,900 separate
letters and packages were mailed. In conclusion, I gratefully ac-
knowledge the kindness and hospitality of school directors, the co-
operation of teachers, the faA'ors of the ijress, the suggestions and
the assistance of the Department of Public Instruction.
CAMBRIA COUNTY— Herman T. Jones.
In reviewing the history of our schools during the past year we
find evidences of progress that are most gratifying. The hearty
co-operation of the different school forces is a vital factor in good
school work. The success of the school does not depend upon the
work of the teacher alone nor of the director alone, nor of the
parent alone, nor of the pupil alone. Each contributes his share
toward making school work efficient and the failure of any one
of these to perform his full duty must inevitably affect the whole
system.
Teachers.
During the year 437 teachers were employed, of wdiich 259 held
provisional certificates, 56 professional, 39 permanent, 79 were Nor-
mal graduates and 4 held college diplomas. These figures reveal
a state of affairs that is most encouraging. College and Normal
diplomas, permanent and professional certificates are more com-
mon than in any previous year. Some school boards will not con-
sider anything less than a permanent certificate. Others are regu-
lating their salaries according to the mark in teaching. It is un-
just to pay the young person just beginning the same wages as
those who give year after year of their life in acquiring the art.
Such a state of affairs always breeds dissatisfaction. It pays to
reward faithful service in a substantial way. When this is done
it will tend toward holding young people in the profession. As a
rule our teachers bring to their school work a thorough book train-
ing. This is an essential for good school work. No one can teach
what he does not know-. From observation we have learned that
28 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
professional training is almost as essentia] as book knowledge.
Many of the teachers who held provisional certificates came from
our high schools where no attention is paid to art of teaching. The
rural schools also furnish their share of teachers. We believe the
time is not far distant when professional training will be as much
a part of a teacher's equipment as knowledge itself.
It is a dangerous experiment to place a young person who has
paid no attention whatever to the art of teaching in a school. The
consequences are too serious. In these days there is hardly an
excuse for any one not having at least some professional training.
Schools that aim to make teachers are common. The State has
located a school in our midst that deals primarily with method.
We take pleasure in again calling the attention of our teachers to
this school. Our county was fairly represented at this school the
last summer. This was the unanimous testimony of those present,
"It is a splendid institution." Should this school be in existence
another year we trust that more of our teachers will enbrace this
opportunity for improvement. We wish to suggest this also. Some
teachers are so located that they could visit the Johnstown City
schools or some of our borough schools. There is no better way
of learning how to deal with children and of acquiring better
methods than by observing those who are known as successful
teachers. Such visits should not be confined to beginners alone
but to the whole teaching profession. Teachers who visit and
mingle with their co-laborers will be able to furnish a running
stream from which their own pupils can drink.
County Institute.
The thirty-ninth annual session of the Cambria County Teachers'
Institute was held in the court house November 13th to 17th, 1905.
It was the largest institute ever held in the county. Four hundred
and twenty-two teachers were enrolled. The work was in charge
of the following instructors: Dr. W. N. Ferris, Big Kapids, Mich.;
Hon. O. T. Corson. Columbus, Ohio ; Hon. Henry R. Pattengill, Lans-
ing, Mich., and Prof. E. H. Davis, Ebensburg, Pa. The evening at-
tractions were as follows: Monday, Rev. Samuel Parks Cadman;
Tuesday, Lyric Glee Club; Wednesday, Rev. F. W. Gunsaulus;
Thursday, Rev. Francis T. Moran. The teachers as a body are to
be complimented on their good deportment and the lively interest
taken in these meetings. Unfortunately however there are always
a few teachers in attendance who forget the purpose of an institute.
It should be a place of social enjoyment but when every other
feature is subordinated to this the sooner such a one quits teach-
ing the better will be the profession. We might look on miscon-
duct with some degree of allowance, were these meetings dull.
No. 6. CAMBRIA COUNTY. 29
uonpiactical, and uninteresting. Cambria county secures strong
men for institute worl^. The}' always have a message for teachers,
presenting it in a clear, strong, practical manner and the teacher
who fails to absorb the message robs not only himself but steals
from the children that which is rightfully theirs.
Local institutes were held in a number of districts. These prop-
erly conducted give an impetus to school work. Unfortunately
teachers who need help most were absent. In some districts the
boards make it obligatory on the part of the teachers to attend
these meetings. The true teachers will not have to be driven. They
feel under moral obligation to improve in whatever way they can.
We attended seventeen such meetings in various parts of the county
and always carried away some new ideas.
Farmers' Institutes w^ere held in Carrolltown, St. Augustine and
Richland township. Of course these meetings were devoted largely
to agricultural interest. One evening at each place was spent dis-
cussing matters that pertained to school. We cheerfully testify
to the wholesome w^ork done at these meetings.
Directors' Association.
The School Directors' Convention was held in the court house,
February 28, 1906. About one hundred and sixty directors were
present. This was the largest number that ever assembled at a
like meeting. Dr. Waller and Prof. J. H. Cessna delivered able ad-
dresses. Col. Geo. W. Bain lectured in the evening. The most
encouraging feature in connection with this meeting is the willing-
ness on the part of the director to take part in the discussion. The
school director by virtue of his office can speak more intelligently
on local school difficulties than any one else. A number of di-
rectors were invited to open discussions. The willingness with
which the response came makes it a pleasant matter to arrange
a program. Live up to date school questions were discussed as
only men who know the practical side can discuss them.
Buildings.
The buildings erected during the year are handsome substantial
structures. Adams township made a move during the year that
will contribute greatly toward keeping her in the front rank in
education work.
In the town of Danfair an annex of two rooms was made to
the old building, making it a four room structure. This centralizes
and consolidates the schools in that village. Children residing
there now receive the same advantages as those in our boroughs.
Those living under both conditions realize the advantage that comes
30 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
from centralized scliools. We trust the movement will bear fruit,
that it will mould a public sentiment in other parts of the county
friendly to centralization. In the rural districts of many of our
western states they educate their children in this way. Pupils are
conveyed for miles to centralized schools. Statistics go to show
that it is but little more expensive than the old system. To in-
augurate a system of this kind will require new buildings. Boards
may hesitate to make such a radical change on account of this ex-
penditure of money. In districts where the buildings are old and
school boards are facing the problem of new ones they would act
wisely to give the matter careful consideration. When rural school
boards solve this problem, the child in the country will begin life
as well equipped as his town cousin.
Blacklick township erected a two-room structure during the year.
Carroll township has to its credit a new one-room building. An
annex was made to the Cover school in Conemaugh township, mak-
ing it a two-room building.
Croyle built a two-room building at Eockville, East Taylor a
one-room building; Jackson a one-room building at Vintondale;
Eichland a one-room building; Kosedale a one story two-room house.
The comfort and health of the child must have been uppermost in
the school board's mind when they were considering plans. It
h well lighted and heated and is a model of school architecture.
Spangler erected one four-room structure during the year. It
is a handsome brick building and one to which the citizens of any
community could point with pride. The two-room building ei;ected
at Beaverdale in Summerhill township ranks among the best rural
school buildings in the county. The boards who have built during
the year are to be congratulated. The buildings all indicate a
healthy progressive school sentiment among our school directors.
CAMERON COUNTY— Mattie M. Collins.
The work in most of the schools during the past year has been
of a progressive character. However, I regret to report that a few
schools have fallen below the standard of previous years. This
is due to the fact that the directors were, in a few instances, un-
fortunate in the selection of teachers.
There has been a slight increase in the number of schools in the
county, also an advance in salary in Gibson, Shippen and Lumber
townships. ,
No. 6. CARBON COUNTY. 31
Two new scliool houses were built in Gibson township. An ad-
dition of four rooms to the East ^Vard building, Emporium, is now
in course of construction. iS'ew slate black-boards were placed in
some of the Shippen township schools. The black-boards are now
in very good condition, but there is need of more black-board sur-
face in many of the schools.
Five public examinations and one special were held for teachers'
certificates. There were forty-nine applicants in all, of whom thir-
teen were rejected. Examinations were held for high school
graduates, and also for eighth grade pupils in several schools in
the county.
All schools were visited three times, with two exceptions, and
many of them were visited four and five times.
The annual teachers' institute was held in Emporium, October
30th to November 3d. Every teacher in the county was present
the first day and attended throughout the week. The instructors
were Dr. A. J, Kinnaman, Danville, Ind.; Prof. Smith Burnham,
West Chester Normal School; Prof. Frank C. Lockwocd, Meadville;
Prof. B. W. Griffith, Clarion Normal School; Miss Margaret Flynn,
Ridgway. The evening entertainments were Monday, Mrs. Carter;
Tuesday, Mrs. Isabel Garghill Beecher; Wednesday, Rev. Frank
Dixon; Thursday, The Apollo Glee and Minstrel Club. The in-
struction and attractions were of a high order. The institute ranlis
among the most successful in the history of the county.
-Only three local institutes were held in the county during the
year. They were interesting and helpful. We are sorry to report
these meetings not so well attended by directors and patrons.
The Second annual convention of the Directors' Association met
in the court house. Emporium, February 3. The trains being late
the morning session was poorly attended. About two-thirds of the
directors of the county enrolled for the afternoon session; Prof. R.
M. McNeal was the principal speaker. Much interest was mani-
fested by all the directors present.
In conclusion, I desire to express my thanks to the Department
of Public Instruction for assistance, to the. directors, teachers and
citizens for their co-operation, and to the public press for their in-
terest manifested in popular education.
CARBON COUNTY— James J. Bevan.
In the school year just closed some progress has been made in the
work of improving the conditions that determine the character and
quality of the w ork of our schools. The same general lines of effort
32 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
have been pursued and the same ends have been sought in the
supervision of school work as in previous years. As compared with
the school conditions of one year ago there is to be noted some
improvement in the school buildings and grounds of certain dis-
tricts, more attention to the ventilation and care of school rooms,
u better spirit of willingness to work for professional advancement
among our teachers, and in a number of districts a marked advance
in public sentiment toward public education.
In every effort made for the betterment of schools and school
conditions, the teacher will always be the first consideration. The
character of the school, the influence it exerts, the results it attains
must -depend largely upon the sense, the conscience, and the gen-
eral fitness of the teacher. The best teacher is not always the
oldest nor the best educated teacher; but the one who grows in
power and fitness through constant study, observation, and ex-
perience. As a rule the best work of the past year was done in
schools where such teachers were found, regardless of grade, salary,
or situation. In the rural schools the best results were shown in
the schools in which good teachers have been retained term after
term. The policy of retaining competent teachers in the same
grade is quite generally followed in the boroughs and towns but in
the rural districts it is not. Not one-half of the ungraded schools
of the county were taught by the same teachers as were engaged
one year ago. This policy of changing teachers about from one
school to another in a district is a costly one to teachers and pupils
alike, for it deprives both of the fruits of mutual experience and
knowledge of each other. Changes in teachers are often desirable
and sometimes imperative. In such cases they cannot be made
too soon. If there is good reason to believe that a teacher will do
better work in a different school in the district, it is wise to do
it, provided such change promises to prove beneficial to both schools
involved. But when a teacher fails to do satisfactory work after a
reasonable trial, he ought not to be retained in any school what-
ever. If school directors would adopt and adhere to the policy of
retaining good teacher in the same schools and rejecting poor
teachers altogether, the conditions for doing efficient work would
be at once greatly improved.
The past year was one of activity in professional work by many
of the teachers of the county. More teachers took an active part
in the local institutes and other educational meetings of the year
than ever before. Our aim in all this work was to involve as many
of the ungraded and lower grade teachers as possible. The prepa-
ration that actual institute work requires on part of the teacher
is most valuable to him who makes it. Every teacher ought to
be able to explain and justify the methods and principles he adopts
No. 6. CARBON COUNTY. 33
and employs in the school room, and the best way to acquire this
ability is to give the best service possible in local institutes and
other professional teachers' conventions when requested to do so.
In addition to the general work of the County Institute, we con-
ducted or took part in three large local institutes and fifteen other
educational meetings. The local institutes were largely attended
and the work thereof reached many teachers in a practical and
helpful way. The educational meetings were held principally in
the country districts in order to reach the people of the communi-
ties as well as the teachers. The large attendance and the deep
interest of the people at these meetings indicate the willingness
and even the eagerness of many of them to learn more about the
question of public school betterment. The annual County Insti-
tute was held at Lehighton, November 13-17, 1905, and was more
largely attended than any previous institute in our history. The
instruction offered at this Institute was fully up to the high stand-
ard of former years. The County Institute continues to be in this
county the mightiest single force, in the work of awakening and
elevating popular educational sentiment.
The School Directors' Convention was held at Mauch Chunk on
January 11, 1906. In point of attendance, interest, and enthusiasm
it was the most successful convention we have yet held in this
county. The speakers were Mr. David J. Pearsall, of Mauch Chunk;
Mr. Albert Breithaupt, of Kidder township, and Prof. C. H. Albert,
of Bloomsburg. The address by Mr. Pearsall on "The EflSciency of
the Teacher from the Director's Standpoint" was a thoughtful vig-
orous discussion of this timely theme by one of the most intelli-
gent, progressive, and useful school directors that this county has
ever had. Mr. Breithaupt's address on "Needed Reforms in Rural
Schools" was clear, comprehensive, and convincing, and showed the
speaker to be an unusually well informed man on the present con-
ditions, limitations, and needs of the country school, and progres-
sive in his ideas of what should be done by school boards and com-
munities to improve them. Carbon county is fortunate in having
the benefit of the services of directors of the calibre and character
of these two speakers. A very pleasant and much appreciated
featurj? of this convention was a complimentary dinner to all the
school directors present by Mr. David J. Pearsall, of Mauch Chunk.
Every district in the county was represented by one or more of
its directors, and Franklin Independent District had the honor of
having every member of its board enrolled. Beaver Meadow, East
Penn, Mahoning, Mauch Chunk township and Packer had all but
one present from each board.
A substantial improvement was made by the Mauch Chunk School
Board in the erection of a modern school building in the Second
3—6—1906
34 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
ward of this place. This building contains <^ight large school rooms,
a library, a teachers' retiring room, and an auditorium. It is well
lighted and contains the Carpenter system of heating and ventila-
tion. The furniture of the entire building, the books, periodicals
and other furnishings of the library, the equipment of the teachers'
room, the pictures and other decorations, the piano in use, and the
arrangement and improvement of the school grounds — all were
provided and presented without cost to the district by Mrs. Mary
Packer Ctimmings, a benevolent, public spirited woman of Mauch
Chunk, who made this splendid contribution to public education
in this borough in honor of the memory of her distinguished father,
Asa Packer. The building by a resolution of the school board will
be hereafter known as the Asa Packer School as a token of re-
spect to the donor of this gift. As it now stands it is undoubtedly
one of the most completely furnished and equipped school build
ings of its kind in the State and is well worth a visit of inspection
by any who may be interested in public school buildings. The people
of Mauch Chunk are justly proud of it. The dedication took place
on August 25, 1905, and consisted of a large parade of school offi-
cers, pupils, civic societies, and appropriate exercises on the school
grounds. The addresses of the occasion were given by Mr, David
J. Pearsall, president of the School Board and the County Super-
intendent of Schools. Mr. Charles Neast, of Mauch Chunk, is the
builder.
Two of our rural schools have the honor of having graduated
classes in the common school course of this county; one was the Hud-
sondale School, Packer township, taught by Mr. Adam Ulshafer,
and the other, the Pleasant Corner School, Mahoning township, of
which Mr. C. A. Sensinger was the teacher. The closing exercises of
each of these schools were successfully conducted and largely at-
tended. The township high schools at Nesquehoning and Palmer-
ton are in a prosperous condition. In the former school, the studies
of the third year were completed, and in the latter school, a class
of four pupils was graduated in the second year high school studies
as prescribed by the State Superintendent. The borough high
schools continue to do much commendable work, the smaller schools
imder unfavorable conditions. In all, fifty-six pupils were gradu-
ated from the high schools of Franklin Independent District, Le-
highton. East Mauch Chunk, Mauch Chunk, Packerton, Parryville,
Summit Hill and Weatherly.
For all the hearty co-operation and kindly sympathy that the
superintendent has received from directors, teachers, the public
press, and in many communities of the county, he hereby expresses
his grateful appreciation and at the same time the hope that the
same shall accompany his labors during the coming year.
No. 6. CENTRE COUNTY. 35
CENTRE COUNTY— David O. Etters;
Our progress Las been gradual but sure. With faithful work
and fair success we have learned to realize that substantial de-
velopment is the result of steady growth and patient toil. Much
has been accomplished in recent years by way of general improve-
ment, very much still remains to be done. Methods, ancient and
time honored, are rapidly fading in the stronger light of the present
day.
Of all school agencies, the teacher is by far the most important
factor. It can be said in truth, "Like teacher, like school." And
we are glad to see that school boards are coming to recognize the
importance of primary teaching. While it is highly important that
all grades be afforded the best instruction possible, yet we think it
of specially prime importance that the most skillful teacher avail-
able should be placed in charge of the little beginners; for a right
start will go far to make for success in later years.
It would be well if boards were to select only those who already
are, or those who show a disposition to become leading teachers. A
leading teacher is one who can shape the will, build up public sen-
timent, and leave lasting impressions for good with pupil and patron.
There seems to be a tendency on the part of some high schools to
become somewhat sifting in character, to seek for brains of a cer
tain quality only, for minds with a certain bent and no other, thus
often making these schools a land of worry and ill health to many
sensitive young people. Far too often has the young mind been
molded rather than educated. He is a mere molder who takes the
untutored mind and fits it to a particular groove only. He educates,
who takes the unschooled child and successfully leads him up to a
full mastery of the profoundest problem in life — a searching knowl-
edge of himself, of all his powers and possibilities.
An effort has been made to encourage teachers to do more read-
ing. The teachers of each school district should form a reading club
which should meet once or twice a month for the interchange of
ideas and for the discussion of professional topics.
Eight township high schools were in operation during the past
year and three others are to be instituted at the opening of the com-
ing term.
These schools have done good work, and still better results will
follow with a fuUer establishment of the grade.
In conclusion I wish to thank the county press, the teachers, di-
36 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
rectors, and patrons, also the State Department of Public Instruc-
tion for kindness and courtesy shown me at all times.
And now, I desire to commend to the good people of our county,
the best interests of her richest treasure — her boys and girls. And
I trust that the influence and guidance of the home and school shall
combine so to shape their minds and hearts as to make them ap-
proach perfection in all the graces of which human kind is sus-
ceptible.
CHESTER COUNTY— G. W. Moore.
During the past year we made four hundred and fourteen visits
to the schools of our county, with the exceptions of eight schools,
all were inspected. We were not able to visit the first year teachers
a second time, as is our custom, owing to our being quarantined a
few weeks on account of scarlet fever in our home.
Our schools have made marked progress during the year. Large at-
tendance and keen interest on the part of the teachers in the various
educational meetings of the county were in evidence. The County
Institute was a great success. The instructors were Dr. G. M.
Philips, principal of the West Chester State Normal School; Dr.
S. D. Fess, Chicago, 111.; Dr. Bird T. Baldwin, West Chester State
Normal School; J. M. Coughlin, superintendent of schools at Wilkes-
Barre; Dr. N. C. Schaeffer, State Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion; Miss Mabel C. Bragg, Lowell State Normal School, Mass.;
Supt. L. E. McGinnes, Steelton, Pa., and Prof. Jerry March, Phila-
delphia, Pa. ! I
The evening entertainers were Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, New York
City; Miss Evelma Walton, soloist of Coatesville, Pa.; Miss Mabel
C. Bragg, Lowell, Mass., and The Bostonia Ladies' Orchestra.
Local institutes were held at Avondale, Oxford, Spring City,
Cedarville and Chester Springs. These meetings were interesting
and helpful. The attendance was large. Two directors' conven-
tions were held during the year, at which excellent papers and dis-
cussions interested the directors. Perhaps the most notable educa-
tional event of our county is the passing of the peripatetic examina-
tions of teachers.
We believe we have reached the desideratum in regard to teachers'
examination for provisional certificates. During our first year in
oflfice, we conducted thirty of these examinations at as many places
throughout the county, the enrollment at these daily examinations
varying from two to forty. From yejaj- to ,year these examinations
No. 6. CHESTER COUNTY. 87
have been decreasing in number without protests from the various
districts, the primary cause from these conditions being the increas-
ing demand for teachers who had graduated at our Normal schools.
The increasing desire to make the appointments early in June cause
the applicants to attend the first examinations held. These condi-
tions continued along the lines indicated, until last year we held
but ten examinations in our county. This proved too large a num-
ber.
The Superintendent being impressed with the thought for sev-
eral years, that the system of examination lacked dignity, thorough-
ness and uniformity, as well as to cause much travel on the part
of very many candidates who usually attend several examinations
before entering the class, decided to crystallize sentiment on this
subject. Among leading educators there is but one opinion — ''an
advanced educational movement greatly needed."
The subject of a two days' examination in a body was submitted
to a vote of the applicants at the examinations last summer and
was unanimously approved. At the annual convention of the school
directors of our county, held in West Chester, February 26, 1906, the
County Superintendent presented the subject to the convention as
above stated, with the result that the convention unanimously en-
dorsed the Superintendent's efforts to hold a unift)rm examination
of all applicants in our county, to be held in West Chester on two
consecutive days.
In pursuance to the unusual interest and support manifested in
this line of our work, we conducted a two days' examination in West
Chester, June 1st and 2d, when all applicants (130) for provisional
certificates registered for examination. The time, indeed, proved
not too long. All manuscript was most carefully examined and
placed on file during the following week. The equity and uniformity
of the test was admirable. The new policy worked out without
any complications arising whatever. It surely proved to be most
successful and satisfactory examination that we have ever con-
ducted. Up to this time we have been unable to gather any valid
objections to the policy. We think it can be improved on next
year in a manner that will be most acceptable to the candidates.
We are glad to make this report of the experiment, as we believe
it to be one of the best things we have done for the educational in-
terests of our county.
CLARION COUNTY— L. L. Himes.
In submitting this brief report of the schools of Clarion county
for the year ending June, 1906, will say the work of the year has
38 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
been uneventful and much of it unsatisfactory, especially in the
rural schools.
This was caused by an effort on the part of the directors and
teachers to enforce the vaccination law, causing a great falling off
of the attendance, and in several of the schools all of the pupils
were absent during the last two or three months of the term.
IJuring my annual visits, I found two schools without any pupils
present, although fort}^ pupils were enrolled in one and thirty-live
in the other; one school with one pujjil present; two schools with
four present, and a number of schools with less than one-half of
the enrollment present. This condition caused much dissatisfaction
and bitter feeling among teachers, directors, pupils and parents.
It is the opinion of the writer that a speedy remedy should be found
to prevent the child from being deprived of the chance of an educa-
tion. The parent decides whether the child shall or shall not be
vaccinated. The child has no say in the matter whatever.
In many of our rural schools, and all of the borough schools, the
enforcement of the vaccination law caused little or no trouble.
These made commendable and substantial progress.
Beaver township and Licking township each had the misfortune
of having a school house destroyed by fire. As no suitable build-
ing could be obtained in which to finish the term, the pupils were sent
to the nearest adjoining schools.
One of the events of educational interest was the county insti-
tute held December 18 to 22. It was well attended by teachers, di-
rectors and the public. The regular instructors were Dr. C. E.
Keber, of Clark University, who instructed in primary work, inter-
mediate work, advanced work, common sense in education, hygiene
of education and the teacher.
Dr. Francis Ingler, of Muncie, Indiana, discussed Methods, Man-
agement, Discipline and Punishments.
Dr. J. George Becht-, Literature, Reading, Writing.
Dr. John Ballentine, Civics and Citizenship.
Prof. J. W. Wilkinson, Money and Mathematics.
Prof. C. M. Parker, of Binghamton, N. Y., had charge of the
music, with Miss Melissa Davie, of Clarion, Pa., as pianist.
The evening entertainments:
Monday evening, John Thomas Concert Company.
Tuesday evening, Rev. F. L. Vaughn, ''Sermons from Shakespeare."
Wednesday evening, The Cincinnati Ladies' Cremona.
Thursday evening. Col. George W. Bain, "A Searchlight of the
Twentieth Century."
The county was divided into eight districts for local institutes.
These meetings were well attended, and have been of special benefit
to the county teachers.
No. 6. CLEARFIELD COUNTY. 39
The Clarion County School Directors' Association convened in
the court house, Kovember 23, and held a two days' session. The
following program was prepared for the first day: Object of the
Association, J. C. Rairigh, director from New Bethlehem ; Township
High Schools, D. L. McAninch, M. D., director from Salem town-
ship; Law on Vaccination, G. G. Sloan, Esq., director from Clarion;
Attending High Schools in Other Districts, Dr. O. G. Moore, secre-
tary of Knox Board; Relation of Normal and Public School, Prin-
cipal J. George Becht, of Clarion Normal.
The township high school, organized in Salem township, has been
a success and has furnished opportunity for better education to
all the pupils of the township. The school is popular and well
patronized. Porter township has completed arrangements to or-
ganize a township high school next year. There are a number of
other townships that have very favorable condition to do likewise.
In conclusion, we wish to thank the Department, and all others
that co-operated, for their valuable aid, suggestions, and loyal sup-
port which have been the source of inspiration to many others as
well as myself.
CLEARFIELD COUNTY— W. E. Tobias.
In reviewing the work of the schools for the last year, we feel
gratified at results. While the advancement has not been as rapid
along some lines as we wish, yet we feel that the work throughout
the schools of the county has been in a measure satisfactory. In
visiting the schools, with a very few exceptions, I have found the
teachers doing good work. Enthusiastic, vigorous and painstaking.
Teachers are realizing more and more each year that it is not only
necessary to have a thorough knowledge of the branches to be
taught, but also to have a thorough professional training. We be-
lieve that the day is past when it can be truthfully said that the
vocation of teaching is not a profession. The fact that so many
of our teachers, during the past year, have taken professional train-
ing in the State Normals and in the summer terms of the various
colleges, proves that the teachers have awakened to the realization
that they must prepare thoroughly for their work, if they wish to
keep up with the procession. There were ten summer normals in
different parts of the county which did good work in preparing the
younger teachers.
The attendance during the last half of the term was not what it
should have been, The enfgrcement of the vaccination law was
40 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
largely responsible for this. In some districts the attendance was
cut down one-half.
During the year I visited all the schools in the county but three j
a few of them twice. The county is so large that these visits were
necessarily short. It being necessary to visit at least four schools
each day in order to cover the county during the term.
Twenty-nine examinations for provisional certificates were held
during the year. Four hundred and eigth^^-niue applicants were
examined. Three hundred and lifty-four certificates were issued.
Our aim shall be to raise the standard each year. We hope the di-
rectors will assist us in this by emplo^dug the best qualified teachers.
School officers can encourage preparation on the part of the teacher
by selecting those who are most efficient and by paying fair salaries
to those who are thoroughly educated and prepared for their work.
Three township high schools have been established during the
year — Lawrence, Beccaria and Penn. Beccaria started off with a
junior class of twenty-two, Penn and Lawrence with seven and eight
respectively. We now have seven township high schools in the
county. They are all doing excellent work. The sentiment in favor
of these schools is growing and at least two more will be organized
during the coming year.
The Directors' Convention convened on June 23. There were
about one hundred directors present. The attendance was not as
large as it should have been on account of the meeting being held
in harvest. The discussions in regard to vaccination, the compulsory
attendance law, school visitations, township and borough high
schools, etc., were interesting and profitable. Supt. Berkey, of Al-
legheny addressed the convention in the evening. At a meeting of
the officers of the Directors' Association it was decided to change
the date of meeting to September 24.
The Annual Teachers' Institute was held during the week preced-
ing Christmas. There were four hundred and sixty-seven teachers
enrolled. The attendance was the largest of any institute ever
held in the county. Dr. S. D. Fess, Dr. George P. Bible, Miss Van
Stone Harris, Supt. Charles Lose and Prof. Pierce were the day in-
structors. Opie Read, Judge A. A. Ellison, The Lulu Tyler Gates
Company and Dr. Newell D wight Hillis were the entertainers at
the evening sessions.
Eight district institutes were held at different points in the county
during the year. The^se were well attended. The programs were
gotten up on the round table plan and the discussions were largely
informal, and bore directly on the class work of the teacher.
One hundred and thirteen eighth grade diplomas were granted to
pupils who completed the common branches. These examinations
were made quite rigid as we believe that a diploma should mean
No. 6. CLINTON COUNTY. 41
just what it says. Every pupil should be thoroughly grounded in
the common branches before he is allowed to enter the examination.
Otherwise he gets a false idea of his acquirements and he will be
handicapped during the remainder of his course.
In conclusion I wish to thank the teachers, directors and patrons
for their co-operation and support during the school year which has
just closed.
CLINTON COUNTY— Ira N. McCloskey.
Our schools have made commendable progress during the year.
The teaching force was stronger, professionally, and superior ex-
cellence characterized the school work. A movement has been in-
augurated towards a higher standard of professional qualification
which has done much to uplift the public schools of the county.
The graduating classes of Salona, Flemington, Mill Hall and Re-
no vo were the strongest in average scholarship, and, in total num-
ber, the largest in the history of our high schools. The majority
of these graduates will enter 'Central State Normal School" at the
opening of the fall term.
While a number of children were debarred from school in many
districts for want of successful vaccination, yet the attendance
throughout the county has been excellent. We trust the next ses-
sion of the Legislature will relieve the teachers from all responsi-
bility in the enforcement of the vaccination law, as many teachers
were made the object of censure for complying with the law.
Eight very successful local institutes were held in different sec-
tions of the county. Increased interest is being manifested in these
meetings by patrons, directors and teachers. The latter responded
with carefully prepared papers or talks which, with the discussions
that followed rendered these meetings profitable to all present.
A number of literary societies and debating clubs were organized
in different districts of the county, which did very effective work.
In many instances the patrons of the schools were deeply interested
in these weekly meetings.
The county institute, held at Lock Haven, December 18 to 22, was
a grand success intellectually, socially and financially. The attend-
ance and interest exceeded any former year. Many directors and
patrons were in attendance during the entire week. The instructors
were Dr. Henry Houck, Deputy State Superintendent; Dr. George
L. Omwake, of Ursinus College; Dr. Chas. C. Boyer, of Kutztown
Normal, and Hon. F. C. Bowersox, of Wilkes-Barre. J. E, Probvn
42 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
jed the music and Miss Elizabeth McCloskey presided at the piano.
Local singers aud elocutionists gave us help during the week. The
evening lecturers and entertainers were Dr. Houck, Hon. Emerson
Collins and the Dunbar Bell Ringers.
The Directors' Association was convened at Lock Haven on Feb
ruary first. One hundred and twenty-five directors were present.
Prof, R. M. McNeal and Hon. F. C. Bowersox were the chief speak-
ers. The meeting was full of inspiration. Many directors took part
in the discussions. Members of the city high school furnished the
music, which was highly appreciated.
The following named directors represented the county at the
meeting of ''State Directors' Association" at Harrisburg on the
Sth and 9th of February, viz: M. B. Rich, Pine Creek township; W.
C. Weaver, Chapman township; John C. Brown, Renovo; E. E. Tev-
ling. Mill Hall, and F. E. Ritter, Lock Haven. These annual meet-
ings are conducive of much good.
The examinations were held for teachers' certificates. There were
one hundred applicants of whom thirty-eight were rejected. In
addition to the examination for teachers, three examinations were
held for students of the township high schools. The results were
very encouraging and complimentary of the good work done in these
schools. A system of examinations for senior grammar grades in
the county have been a stimulus for good work.
The township high school established in Pine Creek township
meets a popular demand. The other districts having such schools
are Lamar and Leidy.
There is a growing interest and general awakening throughout
the county in the matter of improving school houses and school
grounds. Teachers are making an effort to secure high grade pict-
ures and paintings for their rooms. New books are being added to
the already established libraries, and new libraries have been put
into several schools.
A fine new two-roomed building has been erected at Woolrich
to take the place of the one destroyed by fire last December. Sparks
from a locomotive set fire to the school building of Jones, Ind. dis-
trict, and destroyed both building and furniture.
During the year 398 visits were made to the schools. Whole num-
ber of directors accompanying was 134. It was our good fortune
to be present at every local institute and at all high school com-
mencements of the county.
Notwithstanding the increase made in the salaries in many of our
districts, we annually lose a number of our best male teaehers,
who accept more lucrative positions in business.
"Cupid" robbed us of five lady teachers whose places in the school
room were eagerly sought after by other eligible young ladies.
No. 6. COLUMBIA COUNTY. 43
We are sorry to record the death of four prominent school
directors whose services extended over many years. Their places
will be hard to till. Names were as follows: B. F. Klepper and J. D.
Hubler of Logan township; Wallace Gakle of East Keating, and
Andrew E. Lind of South Kenovo.
We feel ourselves greatly indebted to the press of the city and
county for their extreme liberality in the cause of education. I
desire to express my sincere gratitude to the Department of Public
Instruction for the help given, and to the teachers, directors and
patrons of the county who have co-operated with us in the one
great common cause — Education.
COLUMBIA COUXTY— William W. Evans.
The past school year in the county has been productive of much
that is commendable. Never before have the directors been so
deeply interested in educational problems. The majority of our
teachers have made marked improvement in efficiency and profes-
sional interests. The pupils have made greater progress than for-
merly and public sentiment is more positive in its support than ever
before.
The meeting of our Directors' Association held on Thursday of
institute week was attended by 99 members, at which time Hon.
N. C. Schaeffer, Dr. Charles A. McMurry and Dr. Kuric N. Koark
made instructive and inspiring addresses. The regular annual meet-
ing of the association was held March 21, with an attendance of
1-31 directors, the largest number ever enrolled at such a conven-
tion. Superintendent Charles Lose made two very practical ad-
dresses, but the greater portion of the time was occupied by the
directors themselves in the presentation and discussion of their
own problems. It is generally agreed that this was the best meeting
of the kind ever held in the county.
The 49th annual teachers' institute was held the week following
Thanksgiving and was universally pronounced the best. The in-
structors were Hon. N. C. Schaefter, Dr. Charles A. McMurry, Dr.
Ruric N. Roark and Prof. O. H. Yetter. The evening lectures were
given by Dr. Edward Amherst Ott and Col. George W. Bain. The
Roger-Grilley Concert Company and the Leonora Jackson Company
furnished the entertainments.
Local institutes of three sessions each were held at Espy, Mifflin-
ville, North Berwick, Benton, Hidlay's church, Stillwater, Jersey-
town, Buckhorn, Central, Canby, Esther Furnace, Mainville, Beaver
44 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Valley, Orangeville, Centralia and Rohrersburg. The superintend-
ent took an active part in all of these meetings except the last
two. Our teachers deserve great credit for the able manner in
which this important work has been conducted.
The County Educational Association held seven regular monthly
meetings during the year. Tlie object of this association is to ele-
vate the teaching profession, to increase opportunity for the indi-
vidual advancement of its members, and to stimulate a deeper
interest in the educational questions of this county. The meetings
were well attended, especially by the more progressive teachers of
the county.
The second annual session of our summer school was held in
Benton for a term of eight weeks beginning May 8th. The object
of this school is to afford the teachers an opportunity to study over
carefully the work for the following year as outlined in the county
course, and at the same time give them professional instruction.
The superintendent had direct charge of the school. The enroll-
ment was 105. Of those teaching with provisional license, 61 were
students at this school.
The personnel of our teaching force has improved considerably
during the past four years. Of th(> number this year 130 are Normal
graduates, 26 held permanent and 21 x^rofessional certificates, while
there are 100 who hold the provisional license. About 30 per cent,
of those examined were licensed.
An average of six monthly teachers' meetings were held during
the term in the districts of the county, with the total attendance
of 1,2.57 teachers. The total number of educational papers or ad-
dresses prepared by the teachers during the year is 516.
A large commodious four-room addition was built to the Blooms-
burg high school to provide for increasing attendance and better
equipment. At Buckhorn a splendid two-room brick building was
erected, which reflects great credit upon the school board and is
an object of pride to the people of the community. The Hemlock
township high school is located in this building. A substantial two
story frame building was built at Newlin; this also accommodates
the township high school of the district and is a credit to the com-
munity. Sugarloaf built a new frame building to replace the one
destroyed by fire.
In many districts considerable improvement in school surround-
ings has been made; directors are gradually coming to realize that
it pays to make school buildings attractive and hygienic in respect to
heating, ventilation, lighting and color effects. We hare hopes that
people will eventually be as much interested in their school building
as they are in their churches.
At the close of the term we examined 192 seventh grade pupils.
No. 6. COLUMBIA COUNTY. • 45
105 of whom wore promoted. Of Hie 241 eighth grade pupils ex-
amined, 180 were granted common school certificates. For these,
common school commencements were held at Mt. Zion, Numidia,
Mainville, Beaver Valley, Mifflinville, North Berwick, Hidlays, Espy,
Rupert, Buckhorn, Ikelers, Orangeville,. Greenwood, Jerseytown, St.
James, Kulp, Millville and Central; the superintendent took an
active part in all of these meetings except the last three.
Township high schools were established in Hemlock and Sugar-
loaf. The country people have come to look upon the township
high school as of great value to them. The pupils attend with
remarkable regularity, notwithstanding many are required to walk
several miles each day. Both pupils and patrons are delighted to
know that an opportunity is thus given the country children to
obtain an adequate education at home. We have never seen more
faithful work on the part of both teachers and pupils. The results
in these schools are fully as gratifying as those obtained in the
large borough schools.
The high school course which is uniform in all village and town-
ship high schools throughout the county contains the following:
Junior year: Algebra, General History, Local Government, English
Composition and Literature, Botany, Book-keeping and Beginning
Latin; review of seventh grade Arithmetic and Grammar. Middle
year: Algebra, General History, State Government, English Compo-
sition and Literature, Physical Geography or Agriculture, Geology,
Caesar and Latin Composition; review of the 8tli grade Arithmetic
and Grammar; Senior year: Plane Geometry, Mensuration, Ameri-
can History, National Government, English Composition and Litera-
ture, Natural Philosophy and Cicero; review of Orthography and
Etymology.
Competitive examinations for high school pupils were held at
Espy, Benton and Catawissa, the total number examined being 201.
A very satisfactory average was attained Avhile less than 10 per cent
were conditioned.
In several districts the experiment of transporting pupils and
consolidating small schools was tried. In spite of the fact that the
children made far greater progress than formerly and were delighted
with the arrangement, it seems that in many instances the taxpayers
prefer to allow their children to grow up with meagre education
rather than permit the local school to be closed. The condition of
the roads during a portion of the term is such that transportation
is difficult, but not so difficult that the problem could not be solved
if the proper educational spirit prevailed.
The enforcement of the vaccination law hindered the cause of
education considerably. While it is true that a majority of our peo-
ple are disposed to regard vaccination as necessary, public sentiment
46 ^ PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
is strongly opposed to the Iqav as it stands and the methods used
to enforce it. The State health officer visited some of our schools,
sent the pupils home and created the impression that he would
enforce the law in every school. But this he failed to do with the
result that the law was enforced upon many pupils, some of whom
remained out of school several months, while often in the same dis-
trict other teachers allowed their pupils to attend school paying
little or no attention to the law. This naturally created bitterness.
According to reports made by the teachers, the total number of
weeks lost by pupils solely on account of vaccination is 3,825. Un-
fortunately, the greater portion of this time was lost by the older
pupils many of whom will never return to school. In some places
teachers were shamefully treated, directors were abused and in a
few instances we lost excellent directors who either resigned or
failed to be elected because of public agitation over the question.
During the year we have worked out a plan by which every school
in the county may be supplied with proper library facilities. The
county is districted into library circuits each containing six schools.
Six different libraries Avere made up properly arranged as to sub-
jects and grades comprising about 35 well bound volumes. When-
ever a school raises twelve dollars to pay for the books and the
case, a station is established in that school, and it is entitled to
receive and use the entire six libraries, one at a time, the various
series circulating from station to stationJn systematic order. The
management of these libraries is intrusted to the County Educa-
tional Association through their representative, the county librar-
ian. During the year about SO of these libraries were started.
The schools of the larger boroughs are steadily advancing. The
people select their best men to direct their schools. The directors
are progressive men whose wholesome influence extends to and aids
the directors of the rural and village schools. The principals and
teachers are the best we have ever had; the attendance in many of
the borough schools has been remarkably regular; there has never
been a time when the people have been so well satisfied with the
efficiency of their schools.
Our Normal School is having a wonderful growth. To accommo-
date this increased attendance a large science building is being
erected which will prove a valuable addition to the equipment of
the school. The cause of education is deeply indebted to the mem-
bers of the faculty for their hearty support and co-operation.
In conclusion we desire to extend our appreciation and gratitude
to the public press for the valuable and willing assistance it has
rendered the cause of education; we are grateful to the State De-
partment for what it has done. All that we have accomplished that
is worthy has been possible largely because of the active co-opera-
No. 6. CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 47
lion of the teachers, directors and friends of education throughout
the county. To all these we feel deeply indebted and sincerely
grateful.
CUMBERLAND COUNTY— J. KELSO GREEN.
In submitting this report, I am pleased to state that most of our
teachers worked faithfully and effectively in their respective schools,
and accomplished results accordingh. Our aim has been to make
continued improvement; hence all phases of school-work received
our most careful attention. Where deficient or defective work was
observed helpful suggestions were given. • We had the usual num-
ber of inexperienced teachers with us, whom we tried to make as
effective as possible, in order that the advancement of the children
under their instruction would not be retarded. The enforcement
of the vaccination law met with such opposition that the attendance
in many of our schools was reduced to forty, thirty, and even twenty
per cent, of the total enrollment. These schools, of course, failed
to accomplish very much for the young people of the districts.
Shiremanstown borough remodeled their school building, contain-
ing two rooms and erected an addition also containing two rooms.
This gives them a very fine four-room building, modern in appear-
ance, equipment and plan. The directors are to be commended for
taking this needed and progressive step to supply better educational
facilities for this rapidly growing town.
The third annual teachers' and directors' picnic was held in the
Mt. Holly Springs Park, Saturday, August 26. 1906. Addresses were
delivered by the late Rev. Miles O. Noll, of Carlisle, and Dr. G. M. D.
Eckels, of the C. V. S. N. S. There was a large attendance of teach-
ers, directors and patrons.
The county institute was held December 4 to 8. The popularity of
the istructors and the mild weather attracted an unusually large
attendance at all the sessions. The instructors were Drs. N. C.
Schaeffer, S. D. Fees, J. C. Willis, W. L. Gooding, C. E. Reber, G.
M. D. Eckels, and State Superintendent Jones, of Ohio. Addresses,
were made by Prof. H. B. Markley and J. M. Rhey, Esq. The evening
lecturers were Drs. S. D. Fess, J. C. Willis and Frank Bristol. The
concert was given by the Odeon Male Quartette, accompanied by
Miss Nettie M. Jackson, reader. The directors' session was well
attended and the discussions were spirited and profitable.
The School Directors' Association held its annual meeting in the
chapel of the C. V. S. N. S., Shippensburg, Pa., Saturday, February
17, 1906. The following officers were elected: President^ R. M. Gra-
48 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
ham; vice presidents, Kev. T. J. Ferguson and W. C. Creamer; secre-
tary, T. Grove Tritt; treasurer, James A, Steese. Subjects of import-
ance to the schools were fully presented and discussed by the
members. During the evening session the association was favored
with addresses by J. M. Rhey, Esq., of Carlisle, and Dr. T. B. Noss,
of the California State Normal School.
Our teachers deserve commendation for the hearty support they
have been giving the local institute work in the county. These
meetings have been very helpful to all teachers, especially the inex-
perienced teacher and the teacher who teaches only as he or she was
taught twenty-five years ago by a teacher who had taught as he had
been taught thirty years before, etc. Twenty-three of these insti-
tutes were held, all of which were interesting and largely attended
by our people.
Our four township high schools have been doing very good work.
Each one had a graduating class and commencement exercises.
Eighteen young men and women completed the prescribed course.
The closing exercises were equal to those held in connection with our
borough high schools. Most of these young people will continue
their studies in higher educational institutions. The entire class
of the Penn township high school, consisting of seven pupils, en-
tered the C. V. S. N. S. for the closing weeks of the spring term, a
record which cannot be surpassed and I doubt if equaled in the
State. The creating of higher aspirations, higher ideals, and the
seeming opening of opportunities to realize them, form the greatest
argument for the establishing of the rural high school. What the
country boy and girl want and need is an opportunity. No better
quality of material is presented by any class of individuals than that
presented by the country youth. We need many more such schools
in this county for the developing and training of these young people.
The directors and teachers, especially in the districts distant from
the larger towns, should prepare the way for the establishment of
a high school and thus give the boys and girls an opi>ortunity to
get a higher education which will better equip them to fight life's
battles. Without these advantages in their home district they are
doomed not only to obscurity, but also to failure and comparatively
little influence in the community in which they live.
The number of teachers holding the different grades of certifi-
cates remains about the same. The lengthening of the normal
school course three years ago caused a decrease in the number of
graduates, and of course, Cumberland failed to receive as many as
formerly. This condition, I notice, exists throughout the State.
Under these circumstances it was necessary for our school boards
to elect more teachers holding provisional certificates. But with
No. 6. DAUPHIN COUNTY. 49
the increase of salaries we expect uo further decrease in teachers
holding the higher grade certificates.
The diploma examinations were held March 17. Forty-seven
pupils took the examination, and forty-four were granted diplomas.
The examination work of these pupils indicated more care in pre-
paring the work, more thoroughness in mastering the subjects, and
a greater effort on the part of the teachers to have the pupils reach
a higher standard of proficiency in the different subjects. The
character of the examination questions has been effective in bring-
ing about these results.
An examination for the admission of pupils to the Penn township
high school was held. The senior classes of the high shools of East
Pennsboro township, South Middleton township, Penn township,
New Cumberland, Newville and Mt. Holly Springs w^ere examined.
Forty-six young people were graduated from these schools. The
commencement exercises held by these classes, including those of
Oakville, Shippensburg and Mechanicsburg, were commendable to
the pupils and their instructors as well as largely attended.
In closing this report, I desire to commend the teachers for their
earnestness and faithfulness in performing their duties; the di-
rectors for their wise management and direction of their respective
schools; and the patrons for their interest and co-operation in all
that pertains to the welfare of their boys and girls.
DAUPHIN COUNTY— H. V. B. Garver.
We say and hear it said that boys and girls of the rural schools
should have the same school advantages as the children of the
boroughs and cities. This is only too true, but how will it ever
be the good fortune of the children of the rural schools to enjoy
such schools in the rural districts so long as the constituency of
the director who wishes re-election is constantly demanding lower
taxation? I am glad to say that w^e have only nine districts that
pay the minimum salary; yet this is twenty-five per centum of the
districts under by supervision. There should not be so many, in
fact none during the prosperous times which we now enjoy. The
teachers of the future citizens should share in this prosperity by
being paid a self sustaining salary for teaching.
The salaries of the principals of schools of the county are, with
few exceptions, as good as the average. In some districts the sal-
aries should be raised. We have been urging the directors to in-
4—6—1906
50 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
crease the salaries in such districts, but I fear that all of us forget
the assistant principal and the lower grade teachers' salaries. In
some districts the principal does not earn nor is he worth in dollars
and cents to the district as much as the assistant or any of the
other grade teachers but is paid from forty (|40) to fifty (|50)
dollars per month more. If the grade teacher prepares himself
for his work in the school room as the principal is expected to
prepare himself, and does his work well why should he not be paid
nearer what the principal receives? More attention must be given
to the selection of teachers in our lower grades and we think that
better salaries and then a more careful selection of teachers will
remedy a great weakness in our school system.
The compulsory attendance law was more rigidly enforced in the
majority of the districts than any previous year. In a few districts
the enforcement of the law ends with the school board sending
notices to the parent or the person in parental relation to the
child.
The law passed by the last Legislature authorizing directors to
pay the tuition of pupils attending neighboring high schools will
give every child in the county an opportunity to secure a high school
education, and the blessings this privilege will bring to many of the
young people of the county can never be fully estimated.
The fifty-third annual session of the institute was held at Harris-
burg, from October 30th to November 3d. The institute was a
success, if we are allowed to judge by the comments.
The Directors' Association held the fifteenth annual session on
Thursday, November 2d, during week of institute. This meeting
was attended by one hundred seventy-five (175) directors. This
attendance broke all former records. The second meeting of the
association for the year was held at Middletown. Dr. Schaelfer,
State Superintendent of Public Instruction, delivered a very whole-
some address for the patrons and directors at the evening session.
Many districts have their teachers meet every month to discuss
topics concerning school work. It is in these districts that I find
systematic school work well executed. Every district should have
and could have these meetings.
Local institutes were held in all the districts during the year.
Some of the districts held two or more sessions which shows that
a healthful interest was manifested. The gentlemen serving as
the oflicers of the local institute districts are to be congratulated
for arousing such great interest in education in th(>ir respective
districts.
Millersburg graded the school ground at one of their buildings,
remodeled the inside by tearing down the antiquated heating appa-
ratus which consisted of stoves and placed in the building an up-to-
No. 6. fiLK COUNTY. 51
date hot air furnace, painted the walls and ceilings of the rooms
and put sewer and water into the building.
Upper Paxton township added a cozy one room building to their
number. We urge them to continue this each year until they have
rebuilt all their buildings unfit for use.
Susquehanna township built an annex containing four commodious
rooms to one of their buildings.
Upper Swatara built an annex containing two rooms to the build-
ing at Oberliu and put in an up-to-date steam heating plant for the
entire building. If directors could realize how injurious it is to
the health of children to heat school rooms with stoves, the stoves
would be a heating apparatus of the past in one year's time.
The principals of the schools of the county held a meeting at
Millersburg to discuss topics concerning their work in the schools.
The ijrincipals with few exceptions were present and took part in
the discussions. We hope these meetings will continue and result
in much good for the schools.
Some schools under my supervision are trying to do too much.
I refer more particularly to the graded schools in boroughs where
the system is copied after the larger boroughs and cities. If the
curriculum would be arranged to meet the demands of the com-
munity as it should be there would not be such a deficiency in the
common English branches.
I trust that nothing may occur to interfere with the work of the
schools for the coming year^ I look forward for a decided advance
in the efficiency of the schools.
We wish to thank all who assisted in making the schools what
they were last year, and sincerely hope they will continue assisting
in this work.
ELK COUNTY— J. W. Sweeney.
The past year was one of general progress along all educational
lines in Elk county, due to the fact that all factors in the cause co-
operated to produce the best results.
Public Opinion: The grea,t lever that advances or retards any
cause is public opinion, and it is gratifying to report the general
ascendancy in this particular, for it guarantees a continuance and
improvement of the conditions that have given us a favorable stand-
ing in the State.
Salaries: Because of a public demand for professional teachers,
salaries have very perceptibly advanced to all grades of teachers,
M PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
thus enabling us to retain those who have proved their worth, and
also to invite others of high standing to seek service in our schools.
But yet we have a few directors who do not give this matter the
attention it deserves and in some instances the salary is set ac-
cording to the school rather than to the worth of the teacher. This
is a great mistake as is also that of selecting any kind of a teacher
for a small or remote school. The fact is, that these are just
the schools that require the inspiration and uplifting influence of
the ablest teacher.
School Term: Perhaps the greatest drawback to rapid advance-
ment in a few schools is the short or minimum school term. The
director should realize that in considering wages the teacher looks
to what he receives for the term rather than the monthly pay, and
consequently the best teachers go to the district having the longer
term, unless convenience to home or other local conditions govern.
The short term also works an injury to the children in another
way, for in the course of the eight years of school life it robs the child
of one whole year or eight months' schooling.
School Buildings: Much attention has been given during the
year to the improvement of school buildings and now nearly all
houses are large, comfortable and convenient. All are kept properly
painted, repaired and decorated giving to them a homelike artistic
appearance. During the year just closed, many single room houses
were built or old ones rebuilt. Benezette township completed and
opened at the beginning of the year a modern five room brick build-
ing for the use of their excellent graded and high school. The
building is of modern design, is properly ventilated and heated
throughout with steam, and adds much to the appearance of the
town. Jay township also erected at Weedville a high school build-
ing and established a high school, which will mean much to. that
growing community; Eidgway township doubled the size of the
high school building at Rolfo, a suburb of Johnsonburg, to provide
for the increased number of pupils. Jones township erected a
modern brick and stone structure at Wilcox, which in all particulars
is the equal of any ten room building in the State. The building
presents a large imposing appearance, has wide corridors, large,
well lighted class rooms, each having its separate cloak room, the
ventilation and heating is up-to-date, there is a cemented basement
under the entire building which is ijsed for toilet rooms, play
rooms and for ventilation and heating purposes, while there is
a large auditorium on the third floor which furnishes an admirable
place for general exercises. The building cost approximating .f25,-
000, and will all be used for the graded schools and high school, with
a four years' course of study.
High Schools: The three borough high schools of the county have
No. 6. ELK COUNTY. 53
advanced and enriched their courses of study until they give the
students a comprehensive and practical course, fitting them for life
or preparing them for entrance to higher institutions of learning.
St. Marys and Ridgway high schools in addition to a strong four
3^ears' regular course offer the advantages of a complete commercial
course where a thorough knowledge of stenography, typewriting,
book-keeping, and other commeTcial knowledge may be had with-
out cost, thus preparing them to accept positions in the many offices
in the county, where they give a good account of their training.
The township high schools which now number eight and are pro-
vided in all but two of the districts of the county, pursue two,
three or four years' courses of study, and are doing most satisfac-
tory work, particular stress being placed on thoroughness in the
common branches, on business education, on literature and on the
elements of science, including the elements of agriculture.
At the opening of the last school year township high schools of
the third class were established in Millstone and Jay townships,
both of which started off well for the first year. Benzinger town-
ship by arrangement with St. Marys borough provides a four years'
high school course for all pupils of the district free of cost, an ad-
vantage that is appreciated as shown by the increased number that
come from the country schools each successive year. Besides the
regularly established high schools there are a great number of
graded schools in all parts of the county that pursue a two years'
course of study, thus enabling nearly all pupils to prepare for higher
work without leaving home. All these graded schools are under
local supervision thus insuring the highest proficiency in the work
covered.
The county superintendent as the agent of the State closely super-
vises the township high schools, courses of study are outlined and
at the close of the year examinations for promotion and graduation
are held, covering the three higher grades of work as outlined.
At this same time the pupils from the country schools and smaller
graded schools are required to come to the township building, to
take examinations under the superintendent and committee for pro-
motion to any of the high schools, grades, or for standings in the
subjects mastered. In each succeeding year there has been an in-
creased number from the outside schools owing to the progress
of the system and also because of the work of the local superin-
tendent who supervises the work and inspires bright young people
to seek a higher education or at least to thoroughly complete the
common branches.
School Libraries: The establishing and advancing of school li-
braries continue to command the attention of the educators of the
countv. Manv books of reference or of literary worth have been
54 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
added to the libraries and new libraries have been added in all dis-
tricts. This is a matter that should receive the closest attention
for much of the future life of the child will be determined by what;
he reads. Would it not be along the line of progress for the State
to furnish good reference libraries for the high schools and then
each year, as an incentive, appropriate a sum equal to the amount
raised by the district for library u»e?
Vaccination and Compulsory Laws: Much annoyance and loss of
time has been occasioned during the year by the conflicting of the
vaccination and compulsory laws in some cases practically breaking
up the schools and seriously interfering with the work of the high
schools.
Educational Meetings: The annual county institute was held at
Kidgway in December and was well attended. It was one of the
most inspiring and profitable meetings ever held in the county.
Local institutes were held during the year at frequent intervals in
all parts of the county and they continue to be a great agency for
uplifting public sentiment and for making a more interesting and
better teaching body. The third annual institute of high school
teachers was held at the county seat and all the supervisory and
high school teachers attended and took an active part in the work,
to the end that brighter and better high school work is done. The
school directors of the county held their third annual convention
at Ridgway in February, for two days, Avhen the delegates to the
State convention made a most interesting report of the State meet-
ing after which the large delegation of directors all joined in dis-
cussing the timely subjects on the program prepared for the meet-
ing. The principals of the several high schools were present and
with the superintendent joined the directors in the discussions.
Prof. R. M. McNeal, of the Clarion Normal School, was present
and in the evening gave a most inspiring and helpful address to
the directors, superintendents, teachers and patrons present.
At College and Normal Schools: A reliable measure of the effi-
ciency of our schools is the increased number of students who yearly
attend higher institutions of learning. Never in the history of our
county were there so many of our young people in tlie several col-
leges and normal schools pursuing courses leading to graduation,
and in addition a greater number are attending summer schools to
advance themselves.
Conclusion: We desire in conclusion to express our sincere thanks
and appreciation for sympathy and support, to the Department of
Public Instruction for assistance, to the press of the county for
generous support, to the directors for their support and readiness
to accept suggestions, to the supervisory principals for their co-
No. 6. DELAWARE COUNTY. 65
operation, to the teachers for their earnest work and to all who
have in any way contributed to the success of the schools during the
year.
DELAWARE COUNTY— A. G. C. Smith.
Continued interest has beeii manifest in the school work of the
county for the year.
Our school directors are eA'er ready to make suitable provisions
for the children committed to their care. Haverford township school
board has erected an attractive two story school building at Lla-
nerch. It is built of stone and contains two very light, cheerful
rooms on the first floor, one of which was occupied this year. In
Middletown the directors built a very neat one room stone building
and furnished it with single desks. The Upper Providence school
board erected a four room building for the better accommodation
of the pupils of the district. It is suitably furnished and is a credit
to the township. Only three of the rooms were occupied this year.
The directors are considering the advisability of establishing a
township higli school. The directors of Sharon Hill and Swarthmore
have each had erected two story additions to their school buildings
which add very much to their appearance as well as suitably pro-
viding for the increased needs of these districts. A new two story
stone building was erected by the directors of Thornbury at Glen
Mills. It contains four rooms and is the most attractive rural
school building in the count3\ Two rooms are occupied at present.
It is suitably furnished throughout and Avell adapted for school
purposes. They also repaired the Central school which gives it a
much more cheerful appearance. Both school buildings were refur-
nished with single xiesks. The directors of Aston township refur-
nished the school at Village Green with single desks and are plan-
ning for a new building at Chester Heights.
The directors of Clifton Heights have maintained a night school
for the last two years for the benefit of those who were obliged tt>
leave school at an early age to enter the mills. The attendanco
was quite encouraging, two teachers being required one year, and
the work done by the scholars was very gratifying to the directors
who have taken an unusual interest in the educational welfare of
the children of the borough.
The annual convention of the school directors of the county was
held at Media, Thursday, March 8th, and was attended by a good
percentage of the directors. Interesting addresses were made by
6
66 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
speakers invited from other parts of the State and considerable
time was given up to general discussions. The prompt manner in
which many of those present made use of this time indicated their
interest in the work committed to their care. The officers elected
for next year are: Prof. George A. Hoadley, Swarthmore, president;
Hon. Isaac P. Garrett, Lansdowne, vice president; J. Milton Lutz,
Upper Darby, secretary, and William T. Galbraith, Upper Chi-
chester, treasurer.
The teachers are zealous in their work and faithful in their attend-
ance at all educational meetings held in the county. They appre-
ciate the demands being made for better trained teachers and a
number each year attend the summer schools of the State, and a
still greater number are pursuing courses of special study on Sat-
urday in the University of Pennsylvania and other educational in-
stitutions in Philadelphia.
An incident occurred in Haverford township worthy of mention
since it shows a tangible appreciation of a teacher's services. At
the close of the school term a few friends and patrons of a faithful
primary school teacher called upon her and presented her with a
little package which when opened was found to contain two hun-
dred and seventy-five dollars, with the donors' best wishes for a
pleasant vacation for the recipient. This was a most practical way
of showing appreciation of services well rendered.
The facts set forth in the statistical report will reveal other
matters of interest and I suggest their perusal. During the year
I have had the hearty co-operation of patrons, teachers, directors
and the press, for all of which I am grateful.
ERIE COUNTY— Samuel B. Bayle.
The schools of Erie county are still progressing. Our teachers
are striving each year to do better work. Our pupils are working
hard and trying to be regular in their attendance.
Our directors are demanding good schools and good teachers and
their demands are being met. Nothing but the best satisfies the
people of Erie county.
During the past year I visited every school in Erie county.
I examined some of the classes and made a record of their
work. I studied the work of each teacher and made a record
of the same. The schools of Erie county are all graded. Over 90
per cent, of the pupils passed my examinations and were promoted
No. 6. FAYETTE COUNTY. 57
Three hundred and sixty pupils took my eighth grade examinations.
Of these about 90 per cent, passed, received my diploma and will be
admitted to our high schools this coming fall. In our grading we
have four years of primary work and four years of grammar. And
concerning these grades I can honestly report that they are alive
and doing good work. These schools are the feeders of our high
schools and the greater number of our school districts are giving
to the children of said districts high school advantages. vSummit
township and Lake Pleasant (Ind.) districts are organizing high
schools. Many of the graduates of our high schools will enter
college at the beginning of the college year. Others will take up
life's work.
The time spent by these pupils in the high schools has been well
spent because our high school courses are up to a high standard
and for graduation a thorough completion of the work is required.
During the closing months of the school year I attended and
made addresses at about twenty commencements. And everywhere
the "house was crowded." This shows the interest our people are
taking in matters of education.
Another year 'is done; its labors are over; its record has been
made up; and I can truthfully say so far as the work of the public
schools of Erie county is concerned, it has been a good year; the
labor has been well performed; the record is clear and shows
progress. I thank you all.
FAYETTE COUNTY— C. G. Lewellvn.
In submitting this, my first annual report, I am gratified to say
that the schools are in a good, healthy condition which denotes the
steady and continued progress in the educational affairs of the
count}', the increase of interest in our public schools, and the spirit
of advancement manifested by the teachers, directors and parents.
The schools have done substantial work all along the line. I am
happy to report such a condition.
The school year just closed had 638 schools as against 601 in the
preceding year. The outlook for the coming year is very bright
and there will be about 700 schools in the county, a rapid increase in
number. This increase is due to the large industrial development
throughout the count}', and is to a large extent responsible for our
having so many inexperienced teachers. Many school boards are
compelled to hire this class of teachers in order to make up their
58 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
teaching force. To my mind this is a hindrance to rapid progress
in school work.
We need more experienced teachers^ — more trained teachers. Out
of G48 teachers in the county, only 79 are Normal School graduates;
1)4 hold permanent certificates; 72 hold professional certificates and
403 hold provisional certificates. There are 569 teachers who are
not graduates of Normal Schools and only 94 of these have attended
a State Normal School; three have attended seminaries and seven
are college graduates.
The above statistics lead me to say that we need better trained
teachers. Many school boards appreciate this fact, and no few
directors have expressed themselves as being in favor of giving
those teachers who desire to become more proficient, leave of ab-
sence for the year in order to attend some institution of higher
learning or some training school for teachers. This is certainly
to be commended. I am pleased that there is a growing sentiment
throughout the county to secure better qualified teachers. Better
Avages are being paid than ever before, and better service must be
given 4n proportion to the increase in salaries.
Twenty-one public examinations were held during the year. Five
hundred and eighty provisional certificates and five professional
certificates were issued, and 174 applicants were rejected.
On March 31st and April 28th, examinations for graduation from
the common schools were given at 20 different places in the county.
There Avere 227 applicants of which 168 making the required grade
received diplomas.
The School Directors' Association assembled in the court house
at Uniontown, Pa., Saturday, November 4, 1905. One hundred and
seven directors were present. This was the largest convention of
the association ever held in the county. It Avas a most profitable
meeting. Addresses were made by Dr. Theo. B. Noss, of the South
Western State Normal School, Supt. W. W. Ulerich, of Ligonier,
Pa., and ex-Supt. John S. Carroll, of Dunbar, Pa, Queries were
opened for discussion by the following named directors: George L.
Moore, of Brownsville, Pa. ; A. E. Jones, Esq., Uniontown, Pa., and
Dr. J. L. Cochran, of Star Junction, Pa.
The county institute was held in Uniontown, Pa., December 18-
22. It was considered by all to be one of the most successful meet-
ings ever held in the county. The following named instructors Viere
present: Dr. T. S. Lowden, Worcester, Mass.; Dr. Charles B. Gil-
bert, New York City; Dr. F. B. Pearson, Columbus, O.; Supt. W. W.
Ulerich, Ligonier, Pa. Prof. Hamlin E. Cogswell, of EdinDoro State
Normal School conducted the music for the week and proved very
popular in his Avork. The vocal soloists were Miss Jean D. Seamen,
of Washington, Pa., and Miss Edna Allan Cogswell, of Edinboro,
No. 6. FOREST COUNTY. 59
Pa. Miss Caii'ie Waggoner, of Brownsville, Pa., was the pianist.
Tlie evening entertainments were of tlie highest order and gave
general satisfaction.
For a long time local institutes were lost sight of, but in recent
years they have taken on new life. Last year almost every school
district in the county held a local institute and some districts held
as many as four or five. There were as many as five or six educational
meetings held on the same date. I am glad to report this and firmly
believe that many of the young teachers gain a great deal from
them. Many districts are making preparations at this time for meet-
ings next year.
Parents' Day was observed on Friday, February 2.3, 1906. This
has become a great day with us in our schools. Teachers and pupils
take great delight in having parents and other visitors come to see
them in their everyday work.
There w'ere fifteen new school buildings erected in the county
during the year. Dunbar township built a four room brick building
at Greenwood at a cost of |S,000, a six room brick building at Lib-
erty at a cost of |1 6,000, and four room high school building at
Leisenring at a cost of |15,000. These are as good as the best. Bed-
stone tow nship erected two four room brick buildings. Washington
township built a new six room frame building. Fayette City a new-
four room building. George township one new house, Franklin one
two room building, Bullskin one new building, Menallen tw'O new
buildings, Brownsville township one building, German township
one and Springhill township one. Perry township has let the con-
tract for a high school building and Uniontown has the plans draw'n
and are ready for bids on a new eight room brick building.
In conclusion, I desire to thank the Department of Public Instruc-
tion for the many favors I hare received from it. I wish to express
my appreciation of the courtesies extended to me by the school di-
rectors, teachers and the press of the county and for their untiring
efforts in helping me in the great work I have to perform.
FOREST COUNTY— D. W. Morrison.
• In submitting my report for the year ending 1906, I am glad to
state that we have had a very good year. The only unpleasant
feature of the year's work was occasioned by the enforcement of
the vaccination law. In very many schools the enrollment was
materially lessened by parents refusing to have their children vac-
cinated.
60 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
The number of schools in operation was ninety-seven, a decrease
of four from the previous year.
Every school in the county was visited twice by the superintend-
ent, and some were visited oftener. In all 234 visits were made.
The township high school at Marienville graduated a class of six
pupils and the borough high school at Tionesta a class of twelve.
Both schools closed with excellent commencement exercises.
During the year the school building at Buck's Mills, Kingsley
township, together with all furniture, books and supplies was
burned. This makes the second building burned on those grounds
within twelve months.
One of the finest modern school buildings in the county was
erected in Harmony township during the term.
The third annual convention of the School Directors' Association
of Forest county was held in the court house at Tionesta on June
19th and 20th. Twenty-five directors were present and an interest-
ing meeting resulted. The following subjects were fully discussed:
The Compulsory School Law; County Uniform Course of Study;
Joint Meetings of Teachers and Directors; Some Points Needing
More Attention; The Value of Teachers' Term Reports, and Selec-
tion and Change of Teachers. Arrangements were made with J. M.
Berkey, ex-superintendent Johnstown, to address the convention on
Monday evening, on "Business Management of Schools," but he did
not arrive on account of missing railroad connections. Messrs T. F.
Ritchey and A. 0. Brown, members of the Tionesta board and local
attorneys, gave excellent talks.
One of the most successful annual teachers' institutes ever held
in the county was held in Marienville October 30-Nov. 3. Eighty-
nine teachers were in attendance. The instructors were Dr. Geo.
P. Bible, of Philadelphia; Miss Cora M. Hamilton, of Macomb, 111.,
and Dr. J. Geo. Becht, of the Clarion Normal School. Prof. A. J.
Mooney, of Ridgway, Pa., had charge of the music. The evening ses-
sions were as follows: Monday evening Dr. Bible lectured on "Life
and Opportunity;" Tuesday evening Miss Hamilton gave a talk on
"Story Telling," illustrated with stories; Wednesday evening Pitt
Parker entertained in cartooning, and Thursday evening "The Lyric
Glee Club" gave a musical entertainment.
The great educational stimulus of the year, and the one farthest
reaching in its application, was the awarding of twelve free scholar-
ships to the Clarion State Normal School for the spring term of
1906 by the same generous benefactor who did so much good in this
direction the previous year. Out of a class of sixty-eight contest-
ants, the following pupils earned scholarships: Marie Dunn, Dott
Bates, Flossie M. Braden, Bessie Douglas, Marjorie Hill, Dean Mech-
No. 6. FRANKLIN COUNTY. 61
ling, Mamie Eugdahl, Charles Dotterrer, Alta M. Ledebur, Elizabeth
Daltoii, Johu II. Osgood and Howard N. Hepler.
Fifty-four of the teachers and prospective teachers of the county'
are in attendance at the Clarion Normal School during the spring
term. The county superintendent has been with them during the
last six weeks of the term engaged in assisting in their instruction.
Influenced by desires to unify the teaching w^ork and bring the
teacher into contact with Normal school life as a means of better-
ment to both school and teacher, has been his reasons for w^orking
with the teachers.
The past year has been a very pleasant one and the factors are
working to make the future of our schools more pleasant and more
profitable in the years to come.
To the State Department, the Clarion Normal School, the un-
known philathropist, the press of the county, the directors and
teachers and patrons and students who have showered a multitude
of favors and helped in the great w^ork of education, to them I owe
a lasting debt of gratitude.
FKANKLIN COUNTY— L. F. Benchofif.
We are glad in a general way to report much progress in the
schools for -the past year, however we have not accomplished as
much as desired in comparison with the previous year's work. A
comparison of statistics reveals the fact that the enrollment w^as
less, the attondance Avas poorer and the results obtained not as good
as in the former 3'ear. The enrollment of 1905 compared with that
of 1906 is as follows:
1905, boys, 4,901; girls, 4,-556; total, 9,4.57; average, 7,078.
1906, boys, 4,720; girls, 4,432; total, 9,152; average, 6,374.
There were 76 students who passed the public school examination
and received diplomas in 1905. In 1906 45 passed and were granted
diplomas. This disorganization of the schools and lack of interest
was brought about by the vaccination law which practically an-
nulled the compulsory law. This state of affairs was unfortunate.
The schools are for the children — to train them and fit them for the
highest usefulness — to teach them to be patriotic, loyal law abiding,
ambitious, intelligent and responsive to the demands of duty. I am
somewhat apprehensive as to the results of lessons taught in civics
during the past year, not only in Franklin county, but in the Com
monwealth of Pennsylvania.
62 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
We held seventeen public and special examinations in which 182
applicants were examined. Thirty-one were rejected. Washington
township built one new house and an addition of two rooms to the
Rouzerville Academy, which consisted of four rooms. Each addition
is well built and well suited to the needs of school work. Mercers-
burg district placed a new bell on the high school building.
The annual directors' convention was held October 19th and 20th,
in the court house in Chambersburg. A marked interest was shown
in the discussions of the various subjects brought before the con-
vention. The meeting was successful, many of the directors assist-
ing in the program along with ex. Supt. McNeal and Supt. McGinnis,
who aided in making the institute a success.
The county institute, which convened in Rosedale Opera House
in Chambersburg, November 20-24, was one of the most interesting
and profitable sessions ever held, due in a large measure to the in-
spiring addresses delivered by Drs. S. D. Fess, G, M. D. Eckels, W.
W. Stetson, Amy Tanner, Profs. C. H, Gordenier and Orval H.
Yetter. The attendance was large, the meetings enthusiastic and
all present were convinced of the fact that the county institute is a
great public educator. The evening sessions were as follows:
Dr. S. D, Fess— A Scene in the U, S, Senate,
Carmen's Italian Boys and Foland,
A Day and Night with Our Life Savers.
Odeon Male Quartette and Miss Jackson.
Local institutes were held at Mercersburg, Greencastle, Welsh
Run, Rouzerville, Quincy, New Franklin, Lemaster, St. Thomas and
Fannettsburg. Great enthusiasm was manifested in this work
throughout the county. The teachers of the county deserve much
credit for the active interest they took in the county and local insti-
tutes. There are 366 teachers in Franklin county and three super-
intendents. Of these 295 are under the direct supervision of the
county superintendent. One hundred and two teachers hold pro-
visional certificates, 17 hold professionals, 83 hold permanents, and
93 hold normal diplomas.
The county superintendent controls 134 male teachers and 161
female teachers.
In closing my report I wish to express my appreciation of the
many kindnesses shown me by the Department of Public Instruc-
tion, the press, of the work of the various boards of directors, in
their efforts to meet their duties as they saw them, of the loyalty
and hearty co-operation of the teachers, the good conduct of the
pupils, and the kindly interest shown by the patrons.
No. 6.
FULTON COUNTY. 63
FULTON rOTTNTY— Charles E. Barton.
In reviewing the school work of the past year we feel that sub-
stantial progress can be reported. A comparison of the work of
the year just closed, with that of previous years, shows advancement
along all lines of school work. Directors and patrons have given
more time and attention to the schools than in former years, this
was especially true in the selection of teachers, in school visitations,
and in the support of the compulsory attendance law. This interest
on the part of directors and patrons, coupled with faithful and
efficient work on the part of an enthusiastic corps of teachers, makes
educational advancement certain.
The county teachers' institute of the week of December 4:th,
marked the educational high-water mark in the history of the
county. Every teacher of the county was present at every session
of the institute, thus breaking all former records in point of teach-
ers' attendance. It was also a record breaker in point of general
attendance and in practical and efficient work. In the past few^
years our county institute has awakened such interest and en-
thusiasm among our people that we can not accommodate those
who would attend — hundreds must be turned away from the ses-
sions for want of room.
*
The directors' annual convention was held at the county seat on
March 28th and 29th. This convention surpassed any previous one
in point of attendance and interest. We believe that these yearly
meetings of directors will become as strong factors in educational
progress as the teachers' institutes.
Teachers' prelinynary meetings were held in all districts of the the
county on Saturday preceding the opening of the schools. At these
meetings questions pertaining to school organization were discussed,
and the local institute work organized for the term. Local institutes
were held monthly in all the districts throughout the term. Most
of our teachers are thoroughly alive to the advantages of these
meetings and make sacrifices to attend all within their reach. How-
ever, there are a few who seem to feel themselves beyond the neces-
sity of any further improvement, hence are growing weaker each
successive year.
Our teachers' reading course has continued to grow in favor and
has become a strong element in the improvement of the teachers.
Five new school libraries were established during the year and
additions made to twenty-two others. These libraries in the hands
64 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
of wide-awake and judicious teachers are giving our boys and girls
an opi>ortunity tliat we trust will develop habits of study and re-
search that will continue to educate long after leaving the public
schools.
Ten were graduated from the McConnellsburg high school and
five from the Wells township high school. Appropriate commence-
ment exercises were held by each class. - Twenty-four pupils in the
rural schools passed the spring examinations and received diplomas.
No new school houses Avere built during the year but we are glad
to be able to report that a new building will be erected in McCon-
nellsburg during the coming year. At an election held in May it
was voted to bond the town in a sum sufficient to insure the erec-
tion of a thoroughly modern and up-to-date school building, some-
thing that our town has greatly needed.
Some of our rural schools are so situated and are becoming so
small that it Avould be wisdom on the part of the directors to close
them. Ayr tOAvnship closed one school this year and we trust that
other districts may follow this example. Where schools have an
attendance of only half a dozen pupils, as is the case with a few in
the county, it were better in our opinion to arrange for the educa-
tion of these boys and girls in other schools where conditions are
more favorable.
The subject of centralization and township high schools is now
receiving consideration in several of our districts. Public sentiment
is growing in favor of these movements, and both could be carried
into effect' in at least one-half bf the districts of the county with
much profit to both the tax payers and the children.
In closing this report I wish to thank the Department for assist-
ance given me, and the directors, teachers, and citizens of the county
for their cheerful support and co-operation.
GREENE COUNTY— John C. Stewart.
In summarizing the work of the past year previous to making this
annual report, we can see many encouraging signs of progress along
educational lines. The teachers, as a rule, were earnest and faith-
ful in the performance of every duty.
The sentiment in favor of higher education in the rural districts
is gradually growing and we hope before the close af another year
to have the pleasure of reporting at least two township high schools
in the county.
No. 6. GREENE COUNTY. 65
The most discouraging problem that has confronted us during the
past two or three years has been a dearth of teachers. It was with
some difficulty that we kept the schools open this year. This was
probably due to the development of the county's resources. The
coal, oil and gas bringing immense wealth into this section has
opened new fields of labor and is offering many good positions that
are more remunerative to those of average ability than school teach-
ing, as a result many of our successful teachers have chosen other
lines of work. In many districts the directors were led to see the
condition into which we were drifting and advanced the wages to
forty-two dollars per month. In two districts they were increased
to forty-five dollars per month. The directors of the county have
shown a growing interest in the work by repairing, painting and
papering a number of houses also by the construction of several
comfortable and attractive buildings.
The usual number of examinations were held with a small de-
crease from last year in the number of applicants.
The Directors' Convention w^as held in September. This was a
very interesting, and we believe, a very profitable meeting. About
fifty per cent, of the directors were in attendance. Many questions
pertaining to school administration were ably discussed by the mem-
bers of the convention. Superintendent Samuel Bayle, of Erie
county delivered a very able and practical address before the con-
vention.
The County Institute was held at Waynesburg, October 16-20.
This annual meeting was the crowning event of the year in educa-
tional work. The interest manifested by the public as well as by
the teachers was the greatest in the history of our institutes. The
instructors Dr. Francis H. Green, Prof. Charles H. Albert, Dr. Stan-
ley Krebs and Prof. O. H. Yetter. The evening lecturers were
Hon. Frank Hanley, Guy Carlton Lee, Gen. J. T. Sweeney and
Thomas McClary. The names of these instructors and lecturers are
sufficient to indicate the character of the work.
In our Institute Manual we suggested the holding of at least
four local institutes in each district, during the year. Every dis-
trict acted on this suggestion and some districts held more than
four of these educational meetings. The director and patrons aided
the teachers in this work and they have proven great: factors in
creating a healthy educational sentiment in the county. In addi-
tion to these educational meetings, several districts held a teachers
and directors meeting on the first Saturday of each month, which
was a source of strength to the teachers.
In closing this report, we wish to express our gratitude to the
Department, press, directors, teachers, patrons and pupils for their
assistance in this great educational work.
5—6—1906
66 PUBLIC INSTRUOTION. Off. Doc,
HUNTINGDON COUNTY— J. G. Dell.
The school year ending in this report, has, we believe, been one
of marked progress. Though it was predicted by some that the en-
forcement of the compulsory vaccination law would ruin our schools,
the reports, sent me by the teachers, show that a higher percentage
of attendance was had where the law was enforced early in the term
than in the districts which ignored the law. Though scarlet fever,
diphtheria and measles invaded every quarter of the county during
the winter, the average attendance is above normal and 248 pupils
each made 100 per cent, of attendance.
Our houses are now nearly all nicely papered and most of them
are supplied with good furniture. Pictures decorate the walls gen-
erally.
Beginning on the 5th day of June, 1905, we conducted 31 public
examinations, and four special examinations were conducted dur-
ing the year. Three hundred seventeen (317) applicants were ex-
amined, ninety-eight (98) of whom were rejected. Excepting those
who took the examination for permanent certificates, but two pro-
fessional certificates were granted. But eighteen applicants took
the examination for township diploma. Four of this number were
rejected. Our high schools graduated eleven. For the purpose of
raising our standard of proficiency, several classes were held over
for the spring of 1907. Our one township high school, which is
located at Spruce Creek, graduated but two this year.
Only 27 per cent, of the teachers who were with us five years ago
are now teaching in the county. This will show that a large ma-
jority of our teaching force is made up of persons of limited ex-
perience; but we are pleased to say that, as a whole, we found bet-
ter teaching during the year than we did during either of our
previous years. Most of our teachers are enthusiastic, many of them
studious in the principles of pedagogy, and most of them do good
work. The teachers of Jackson, West, Dublin and Tell townships
deserve special mention because in each of these townships the
teachers organized and made a systematic study of our reading
course.
The county institute was said to be a decided success. Two
hundred fifty-one (251) teachers were enrolled and the average daily
attendance was two hundred forty-nine (249). Excellent instruc-
tion was given by Dr. J. 0. Willis, of Lexington, Ky.; Dr. C. E.
Reber, of Worcester, Mass.; Profs. J. A. and O. R. Myers, of Juniata
College. We are greatly indebted to Supt. Barclay and ex-Supt.
No. 6. INDIANA COUNTY. 67
S. G. Rudy for assistance rendered. Prof. P. H. Meyer, of Belle-
fonte, bad charge of the music.
During the year thirty-two regular local institutes were conducted
in the county. Several educational and literary meetings, not
above counted, were held in the different districts. The superin-
tendent attended twenty-seven of the local institutes not including
several addresses made at educational meetings. In county and
local institutes he attended thirty-three. At our local institute in
Spruce Creek, we had the honor of having Dr. Henry Houck, of
Harrisburg, who was the center of inspiration.
Our directors were well represented at the State Directors' As-
sociation, and the superintendent attended the meeting of the county
superintendents.
The Directors' Convention of the county was well attended. Our
directors are manifesting more interest in educational affairs each
year. Prof. R. M. McNeal did good work for us in this convention.
Two new houses were built during the year. At Franklinville,
a modern two-room building was erected, while in Smitiifield the
old building was so remodelled that we have a very good four-room
building. Superintendent T. B. Patton, of the P. I. R., presented
the township with a good bell for this building.
Omitting many points of interest because of a lack of space, I
have the honor to close this my fourth report.
INDIANA COUNTY— J. T. Stewart.
Another school year is numbered with the past and in reviewing
the work done during the year we have nothing of special interest
to (re|)ort, but, yet we think that we have been in the line of pro-
gress. We experienced much trouble in securing; a sufficient num-
ber of efficient teachers for the schools. Our teachers, as a bod}'',
were interested in their work. The majority of them were readers
of educational papers and books on theory and literature. We are
very much encouraged with the work that our teachers are doing
along that line of literature.
The annual institute, which was held in Indiana, December 18 to
22, was a decided success in every particular. The teachers were
very faithful in their attendance and gave excellent attention. We
never had so many directors and citizens in atendance from the
county districts as we had last year. Our day instructors were Dr.
68 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Kobt. A. Armstrong, West Virginia University, of Morgantown,
W. Va.; Prof. C. C. Ellis, of Philadelphia; Dr. Thomas E. Hodges,
West Virginia University, of Morgantown, W. Va.; Prof. G. H.
Yetter, of Bloomsburg, Pa., musical director, and Miss Irene Cooper,
of Homer City, reader.
The evening lectures were delivered by Rev. Russell H. Conwell
and Rev. Frank Dixon. The musical attractions were given by The
Dunbar Male Quartette and Bell Ringers and the Boston Orchestral
Company. We went aside from the regular program and gave an
entertainment of moving pictures by Lyman H. Howe. The enter-
tainment was intensely interesting and instructive.
The fourteenth annual session of the Directors' Association was
held in the court house, Indiana, Pa., on Thursday and Friday dur-
ing institute week. Our directors were well pleased to have their
meeting held the same week as the annual institute, consequently
we had the largest attendance in the history of the association. The
sessions were very interesting. Prof. C. C. Ellis gave a very prac-
tical and interesting address. Directors say that they never had
any one before them who pleased them better.
Local institutes were held regularly in the majority of the dis-
tricts and were well attended. It was my pleasure to be present at
ten local institutes and take part in the discussions. We feel that
great good is done by our local institutes.
During the year 454 applicants were examined for teaching; and
of this number 278 were licensed to teach. Of the number employed
to teach, 216 were females and 127 were males; 82 had no previous
experience and 80 had taught five or more annual terms; 222 held
provisional certificates, 34 professional certificates, 48 permanent
certificates and 39 Normal diplomas. Four were college graduates.
At the close of the school term, the examination for graduation
in the public schools was held in each township. The number of
graduates increases each year. We find that this examination is
very beneficial. It stimulates both teacher and pupils to do better
work and enlists the interest of parents having children to be ex-
amined. It is a-help to those who wish to prepare themselves for
teaching. Pupils who graduate are required to read a number of
good books.
During the year the teachers were required to read and study
^'White's Art of Teaching," "Common Sense Didactics" by Henry
Sabin; "The Making of a Teacher," by Martin Brumbaugh; the writ-
ings of two standard American authors and one English author.
With few exceptions all the schools were visited during the year.
The average time spent in each school was one hour. During the
year the following new buildings were erected: a two-room building
in Green township, a two-room building in Pine township, a one-
No. 6. JEFFERSON COUNTY. 69
room building in Biirrell township, and one-room building remodeled
in Canoe township.
In closing I wish to thank the Department of Public Instruction
for kind and courteous treatment, the teachers, directors, patrons
and press that have so kindly assisted me in promoting the educa-
tional interests of the county.
JEFFERSON COUNTY— Keed B. Teitrick.
The educational interests of our. county were never more pros-
l^erous and progressive than during the past year. Teachers have
been faithful and directors and patrons have been attentive to the
wants of the schools. The general trend of public opinion and sen-
timent has been in the right direction.
Some years ago the question, "What does the country need most?"
was ask in England. Her statesmen pondered over it and referred
it to the throne; and from the sovereign, who had herself been a
model along that line, came the answer, "More good mothers." In
these days of hurry and social activity in which the school stands
for so large a part of the training of the youth of our land, and
in which everj^ citizen is a sovereign the answer would most cer-
tainh' include — more gdod teachers. The industrial world is offer-
ing so many advantages to earn good salaries that one of our first
considerations must be — suflBcient remuneration to retain our most
promising teachers. Every district should encourage its directors
to secure only good teachers even though at an advanced salary.
"Let your boys be taught by your slave," said an old Greek, "and you
will then have two slaves instead of one."
The best results were not obtained in some districts because of
the rigid enforcement of the vaccination law. As this law stands,
it is all loss and no gain. Pupils neither go to school nor are the^
vaccinated. It renders the compulsory law void where it is most
needed. The responsibility of vaccination should not be on the
teacher, nor the penalty on the child.
Our county institute, the leading educational event of the year,
was in eA'ery particular a success. The instructors were Hon. N. C.
Schaeffer, Hon. O. T. Corson, Dr. Geo. E. Vincent, Dr. S. C. Sch-
mucker, Dr. J. George Becht and Prof. Jerry March. Evening lec-
tures were delivered by William Hawley Smith and Dr. Newell
Dwight Hillis. Musical entertainments were given by The Leonora
Jackson Concert Company and The John Thomas Concert Company.
The Directors' Association continues to be a valuable factor in
70 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
our eductitioual work. The third annual meeting was held in the
court house at Brookville, November 2d and 3d. It was one of the
best meetings the association has known. Hon. John W. Reed,
Dr. D. J. Waller and Dr. Theo. B. Noss addressed the convention.
Clhoice music was furnished by the people of Brookville. Every
district represented was benefited through its directors. Many im-
provements are clearly traceable to the influence of this associa-
tion. Four educational meetings were held in ditferent parts of
the county during the first month of the term with telling effect.
Dr. J. George Becht, principal of Clarion Normal School and Miss
Emma Acherman, superintendent Model School, Indiana State Nor-
mal and Prof. F. A. Hildebrand of the same institution were pres-
ent and gave most practical and inspiring instruction. Many local
institutes were held during the year.
Wednesday, January 24, was observed as Patrons' Day and Thurs-
day, February 22, set apart as Flag Day. On Patrons' Day the regu-
lar work of the school was carried on. Exhibition work done dur-
ing the term was presented for the inspection of parents. On Flag
Day suitable decorations were made and a patriotic literary pro-
gram observed. The observance of these days has brought teachers,
patrons and pupils into closer relation. No school reaches its
highest possibilities without the co-operation and sympathy of its
patrons.
Two hundred and fifteen pupils completed the county course of
study and after passing a thorough examination, one hundred and
fifty-four were granted common school diplomas. Our township
high schools as well as our borough high schools are doing very
commendable work.
Several houses were built during the year. They are neat frame
structures and reflect credit on the directors of those districts.
Many old houses were repaired and painted.
One of the special needs of our schools is better school room ven-
tilation. We have laws for the protection of human life in factories
and mines. We have pure food laws and inspectors to enforce these
laws. Next to pure food and water is sufficient pure air. There
are more people in our public schools than in all our factories and
mines. The vitiated atmosphere of a school room is a prolific
source of disease and a great hindrance to good work.
Educational advancement is limited only by the interest, energy
and intelligence of those engaged in it. The hearty co-operation
of teachers and directors, the interest manifested by citizens, the
clergy and the press, and the counsel and assistance of the Depart-
ment of Public Instruction are gratefully acknowledged. May our
united efforts be still more effective. May we not only command
success but deserve it.
No. 6. JUNIATA COUNTY. 71
JUNIATA COUNTY— H. C. Klinger.
The year closed has beeu marked by quiet steady work. The
teachers labored earnestly and the pupils were studious and gen-
erally a heart}' co-operation prevailed. Contagious diseases inter-
rupted the attendance less than in former years.
Of our 112 teachers, 54 were males and 58 were females. There
were 14 beginners. For these a special meeting was held before
the opening of the term and instructions given in general school
work. This was the first it was done. Apparently great good re-
sulted from this meeting and it will be continued. Fifty-one of the
teachers held provisional certificates. In the examinations 37 ap-
plicants were rejected, being 33 per cent, of those examined. A
still higher standard of qualifications is needed. A few of the old
careless teachers were "shelved."
Local institutes were held at the usual places. They are a great
medium of educational activity. The superintendent was present
at all of them. People that fail to hear the "gospel" of education
otherwise can be reached in these meetings.
The annual institute was held during Thanksgiving week. The
instructors w^ere: Dr. J. C. Willis, of Lexington, Ky.; Prof. Jno. G.
Scorer, Philadelphia, Pa.; Prof, J. I. Woodruff, Selinsgrove, Pa.;
Supt. L. E. McGinnes, Steelton, Pa.; Supt. G, W. Walborn, Snyder,
and Prof, Witmer, New Berlin. The lectures and entertainments
were: Prof. Scorer, "Mirth and Its Mission;" Dr. Chase, "The Prob-
lem of Life;" Durno, and The Odean Male Quartet.
The reading course committee placed Dr. Brumbaugh's great
work "The Making of the Teacher," on the course for the year.
Teachers who read it pronounce it an excellent book. One who
has heard the doctor imagines hearing him in his vivid style while
reading the book.
The directors met in annual session December 20. Their meeting
was marked with lively discussions. The following subjects were
discussed: "Obstacles to Progress in the Schools," "Relation of
the Board to the Pupil," and "Laws that need Attention." Hon.
Frank C. Bowersox was also present and addressed the convention.
Examinations in the common branches were held in six of the
districts for those who completed the county course. Thirty-nine
pupils were examined and diplomas given to thirty-two. Fayette
township again was in the lead in numbers. The number complet-
ing the course is increasing each year,
7
72 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
A number of the buildings were improved by paint and paper.
Quite a number more need attention. Tuscarora put up a neat
two-room brick building in place of the one destroyed by fire.
The compulsory attendance act is not complied with in some of
the districts. Some directors from fear of personal injury are timid
in enforcing it. Such should step aside and make way for others
who would be mlling to perform their duty.
Much remains yet to be done, ideals have not been realized, but
the zeal and inspiration of the best promise good results in the
future.
LACKAWANNA COUNTY— J. C. Taylor.
From my annual statistical report covering all districts under
my supervision (18 townships and 15 boroughs), I quote the follow-
ing:
Number of school buildings, 125
Number of school rooms, 264
Number of day schools, 252
Seating capacity of buildings, 10,762
Number of pupils enrolled, 10,042
Average number of months taught, 8 2-5
Average number mills levied, 16
Average salary male teachers, |65 34
Average salary female teachers, |37 65
Number of male teachers employed, 38
Number of female teachers employed, 234
Average age of teachers, 27 years.
Number of teachers with annual certificates, 54
Number of teachers with professional certificates, ... 37
Number of teachers with permanent certificates, 26
Number of Normal school graduates, 153
Number of college graduates, 2
As a general rule conditions were favorable to the schools through-
out the year. The weather was unusually fine, and, aside from the
prevalence of measles in some districts, health was good. In con-
sequence, attendance was fairly regular, and results as compared
with preceding years was in most cases satisfactory. In three
schools discipline was so poor that the instruction was of little value.
No. 6. LACKAWANNA COUNTY. 73
Rural Schools.
Final examinations in common branches were taken by 80 pupils
in seventh and eighth j-ear work, and papers were reviewed by the
county superintendent. High school admission cards were issued
to 36 of the eighth 3-ear pupils. About 75 pupils from rural dis-
tricts attended the high schools of Dalton, Waverly, South Abing-
ton, Moscow, and Carbondale during the year. While the work in
rural schools is steadily improving, results are not what they should
be. The practice of keeping the older pupils out of school to work
on the farms in September and October and of withdrawing them
in April before the close of school still cripples the work in ad-
vanced grades. I regret to say that the moral sense in some dis-
tricts is so low that patrons can see no harm in destroying the
schools and robbing the children of their school privileges in this
way.
Nature Study.
Lectures in Nature Study have been given in our county insti-
tutes for several years, and this year an effort was made to do sys-
tematic work in this line in all the schools. To help the teachers
in making a beginning, two books were recommended: Bert's First
Steps in Scientific Knowledge and Overton and Hill's Nature Study.
These books were to be used only for guidance by the teachers, the
instruction being wholly oral and from the object. Teachers were
requested to give at least one lesson each week, and to make the
nature lesson the basis of language work. About one-half the
teachers made an honest effort to do this work and with very good
results. We hope to do better next year.
The great value of nature study in developing the powers of
accurate observation and clear thinking is not yet clearly appre-
ciated by some teachers.
High Schools.
Township high schools have been organized and are in successful
operation in South Abington, Madison and Fell townships. An-
other opens in Carbondale township in September, 1906. Those of
South Abington and Madison enrolled about 50 pupils from adjoin-
ing districts for whom tuition was paid.
Other townships that have enough schools to warrant township
high schools are Benton (9), Covington (7), Jefferson (6), Lackawanna
(11), Newton (7), Ransom (6), Scott (11), and perhaps Greenfield (4),
North Abington (4), and Spring Brook (4).
In most cases a two-year high school course is all that should
be attempted, forming a township high school of the third grade,
for which the special appropriation from the State is $400 per year.
74 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
A large township like Scott or Benton can better afford to have its
own high school than pay tuition to other districts. For, if a
township sends 20 pupils to a high school in another district, their
tuition will be at least |240 a year, which added to the high school
appropriation of |400 will make |640, or enough to pay the salary
of a high school principal. In addition to this is the great ad-
vantage of having the high school pupils live at home with their
parents.
Nine boroughs, Blakely, Dalton, Dickson, Jermyn, Mayfield,
Moosic, Throop, Vandling, and Waverly have well established high
schools, doing two or three years of high school work. Ninety-six
students completed high school courses in the high schools of the
county this year.
County Association of School Directors.
The annual meeting of the School Directors' Association was held
in the Y. M. C. A. Hall in Scranton, on Thursday, November 9, 1905.
One hundred and seventy-six school directors were present and
every district in the county except Carbondale city and Gouldsboro
borough was represented.
President Wm. L. Allen spoke on ''School Libraries." Dr. N. C.
Schaeffer delivered two addresses, "Work and Play in Education,"
and, "Helps and Hindrances in Securing Good Teachers." Dr. Geo.
M. Philips discussed "Schools and Schoolmasters Abroad," with
special reference to the German schools and also "Needs of Penn-
sylvania Schools." Supt. J. C. Taylor spoke on matters of local
interest including the compulsory attendance law and overcrowded
primary schools. It was the largest and most enthusiastic di-
rectors' meeting ever held in this county. The following officers
were chosen for the ensuing year: President, George W. Beemer,
of Newton; Vice Presidents, J. H. Snyder, of Roaring Brook and
A. L. Siglin, of Clifton; Secretary, F. M. Francis, of Dalton; Treas-
urer, Frederick Sturges, of Old Forge.
The officers of the association w^ere also appointed delegates to
the State Association of School Directors held at Harrisburg, in
February, 1906; but only President Beemer and the writer attended
this meeting.
The County Institute.
The county teachers' institute for 1905-6 was held in the Y. M.
C. A. Hall in Scranton during the first week of January, 1906. The
total enrollment was 370 and the average attendance 361. In-
structors and subjects were as follows: Dr. S. D. Fess, Civics and
American History; Dr. S. C. Schmucker, Nature Study; Miss Maude
Willis, Reading aod Physical Culture; Dr. Andrew T. Smith, Peda-
No. 6. LANCASTER COUNTY. 75
gogy; Professor Emory Russell, Vocal Music. If one may believe
the resolutions and the newspapers, it was a good institute.
Buildings.
Dickson borough has erected a new four-room building and Throop
borough has laid foundations for a new high school. A new steam
heating plant has been placed in the Moscow high school.
Obituary.
With deep regret I record the death of a veteran worker in the
schools. On April 10, 1906, Professor John A. Moyles, for thirty
years principal of the schools -of Winton borough, passed from this
life.
The schools of Wintou were closed and the School Board and
teachers of Winton attended the funeral in a body. Nearly all
the school principals of the county were present. While he was
modest and unobtrusive, Mr. Moyles was a man of positive con-
victions. Always present at every session of the annual teachers'
institute, he was personally known to nearly every teacher in the
county. He had many friends and no enemies.
LANCASTER COUNTY— M. J. Brecht.
The schools of the county were progressively active during the
year. School work and school sentiment moved forward largely
upon parallel lines. There was a responsive note of sympathy and
co-operation in evidence between school people and school inter-
ests and the community at large. While the changes made were
not radical or otherwise marked by a striking departure from the
established order of school life yet those made were sufficiently de-
fined to indicate a gratifying unrest that is looking toward higher
standards and tests of school training and a closer correspondence
between the growth of the schools and the progress of the world.
The few houses erected during the year are larger, more com-
plete in plan and appointment and better in finish than the build-
ings put up a few years ago. The single room house erected for
the Washington school in West Donegal township is the best and
most complete type of rural school building in the county. In
point of health, comfort, convenience, heat and light it is equal to
and in no ways excelled by the best modern school room in the
76 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
town. The attention given to school property throughout the county
was marked by "a thoughtful interest to make adequate provision
for the health and comfort of the children. New furniture, chiefly
the single desk, was placed in a number of rooms, porches and
rooms were enlarged, stoves replaced by cellar heat, walks and out-
buildings improved, grounds enlarged, walls painted, trees jjlanted
and new floors laid and finished in oil.
The educational meetings of the year were large spirited and
suggestive. The platform work of the county institute was es-
pecially broad and luminous and seemed to breathe new tone and
vigor into the work and purpose of the whole teaching corps. It
was a meeting of unusual strength such as leaves its mark high for
a generation to come. The local meetings were of a very high order.
Their programs were varied yet sufficiently specific to give special
emphasis to school questions of a purely local character. Our local
institute system was organized upon the present basis twenty years
ago and the meetings have been gradually growing in influence and
popularity. They long ago passed the experimental stage and to-
day are a permanent part of the school machinery of the county.
Compulsory vaccination held the public mind for a brief spell at
highest tension. The various protests and arguments offered against
its midwinter enforcement however soon gave way and in a reason-
ably short time existing differences were adjusted and the require-
ments of the new law recognized. With the exception of a few
scattering districts individual objections and prejudices in all sec-
tions yielded after a plain statements of facts by the authorities
to the demands of the State. In many districts a rare degree of
tact and intelligence in handling human nature was evinced by the
teachers which invariably acted as a solvent and disposed of the
more stubborn cases. Upon the whole the speedy and cheerful
manner in which the community complied with the new order of
things stands out as a good example of the growing conviction
among our people that every oue has a duty to perform in safe-
guarding the public health.
The elements of drawing and color work were given increasing at-
tention in our schools. Even in many of the isolated country dis-
tricts an attempt was made to introduce the subject in some sort
of systematic way. Some of the boroughs have organized the sub-
ject upon the plan of special department work and placed it in all
the grades under the supervision of one head. Thus far most ex-
cellent results have been obtained in the study of form, color
schemes, tone effects and fundamental lines of construction. The
skill discovered among many of our young people to observe and
reproduce the necessary details to make the copy tell the true story
of the original has been a surprising revelation of the talent that
No. 6. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 77
lies latent in this field among the children of the county and an en-
couraging feature in its reaction to push the work forward upon
a larger scale. The character of the progress made in this work
and the genuine interest taken in its pursuit by the young people
induced a few rural school boards to take up the matter with a
view of placing it upon a systematic basis.
The point of chief interest in our school work last term was mov-
ing around the high school problem. Several circumstances con-
tributed towards that end. The recent legislation compelling town-
ships without a high school to pay the tuition of their own pupils
who attend such schools in adjoining districts brought the high
school sentiment to an acute focus in many sections of the county.
It practically made the high school the question of the hour in school
circles throughout the term. The subject received further impetus
from the flattering reports heard upon all sides of the superior
work done in these schools where they were already in operation.
Furthermore it was told they were very popular with the young
people attending them and the community at large in their imme-
diate neighborhood. These reports upon closer inquiry were more
than confirmed. The schools were found teeming with a spirit of
enthusiasm and degree of earnestness that quickened the whole
community to take a deeper interest in popular education. Through
the prestige gained each of these schools became the head or center
that invigorated all the schools of the outlying district and served
to unite them into a definite system of graded work for all the
grades from the beginner in the primary grade to the graduate in
the high school. There are now nine of these schools in operation,
A number more will be opened the ensuing fall making then with
those established in the boroughs about thirty high schools in the
county. The standard in some of them is high enough to admit
into our best colleges.
LAWRENCE COUNTY— Robert G. Allen.
For the year just closed I have nothing of special importance to
report. We have had no contagious diseases, and as a consequence
the schools have been open regularly during the whole of their
respective terms.
Very much good work has been done in many of the schools
while in others, as usual, much was left undone which ought to
have received attention.
The trend along educational lines in Lawrence county shows a
gradual improvement in school work. Directors seem to give more
78 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
attention to the hiring of teachers and to the detail of school work,
than formerly. This is particularly noticeable in the equipment of
buildings for the comfort and convenience of the children.
The compulsory attendance law was strictly enforced in almost
every school district in Lawrence county. There may have been a
few evasions of the law in foreign populated districts during the
past year, but the number of truants was very small. The vaccina-
tion law was thoroughly enforced throughout the county. We
anticipate little thouble on account of this law during the coming
season.
New school houses were erected in Shenango and Hickory town-
ships and supplied with furniture.
There is a demand for more graded schools, and for the establish-
ment of more high schools in the county. The evidence of the good
work done in many of our high schools is responsible for this de-
mand.
Teachers' local institutes were held in various parts of the county
throughout the school term. These teachers' meetings, as hereto-
fore, have resulted in very much good work for both teachers and
patrons. Many speakers from the city of New Castle have attended
these meetings and have freely given their time and services for the
promotion of the right school spirit.
The Directors' Association held its annual meeting in the month
of December. The attendance was not so large as it ought to have
been. At this meeting a number of valuable talks were given by
Walter Reynolds, Esq., Robert K. Aiken, Esq., and others. Charles
McCullough, of Edenburg, was elected president of the State Di-
rectors' Association.
The annual teachers' institute was held in the third week in
October. The attendance was large. Every teacher in both city
and county was enrolled. It has been the custom for many years
past for Lawrence county and city of New Castle to combine their
teachers' institute. This seems to be a satisfactory arrangement,
as better lecturers can be had on account of this, than where each
should hold a separate institute. The institute was successful. One
can judge of the truth of this statement by seeing the results at-
tained by the teachers in their work during the remainder of the
school year.
As in the past, many school libraries, school bells, and other para-
phernalia have been placed in the schools of the county by live
energetic teachers and pupils by their own efforts.
In conclusion, I have to thank the teachers and patrons for their
kind consideration and help in making the schools what they were.
It is my sincere wish that the schools of Lawrence county may be
made second to none.
Ko. 6. LEBANON COUNTY. 79
LEBANON COUNTY— Jolin W. Snoke.
In submitting this, another annual report of the public schools of
Lebanon county, it affords me great pleasure and much satisfaction
to be able to say that substantial progress has been made during
the last year. In many particulars the year's work has been more
prolific in its results than any other year since I have filled the office
of county superintendent. Of this there are evidences in the con-
tinued interest our directors take in the schools, in the excellent
work done by nearly all our teachers in the school room, at the
county institute, at the local institutes and in the reading circles
and in the creditable manner in which the children uniformly ac-
quitted themselves by the work done during my annual visits. T^'e
must, however, not be deceived by any vain glory in the achieve-
ments of the past. We are conscious of our growth, yet upon care-
fully surveying all the grounds there are manifestations of weakness
and discord. Our aim is to make weakness strength and discord
harmony.
Excepting in schools in which compulsory vaccination interfered
the attendance throughout the county was remarkably regular. In
quite a number of instances the teachers' reports showed a perfect
attendance during the first and second months of the term. The
annual term report issued by our teachers at the close of every
term revealed the fact that a large number of children never missed
a day. This is strong evidence of the interest the patrons are
taking in the schools.
Recognizing the fact that our county always held successful county
institutes, and having due regard for the very able men whom we
had previously as instructors, it can consistently be said that the
last year's institute was the best ever held in our county. All the
teachers except two who were unavoidably absent were enrolled.
The instructors were Drs. C. B. Gilbert, W. N. Ferris and Ruric N.
Roark. Prof. W. D. Keeny, of Manheim, Pa., had charge of the
music. The sessions during the entire week were well attended by
the public.
More local institutes have been held than during former years.
The teachers in this kind of work acquitted themselves highly
creditably, and deserve commendation. Teachers and patrons are
beginning to realize that the local institute is the great agent by
means of which closer co-operation between the schools and the
homes can be established, and both are therefore beginning to take
a deeper and a more genuine interest in this highly important edu-
80 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
cational factor. These meetings were usually lield in churches and
spacious halls and they were frequently filled to overflowing.
We hope that the good work of local institutes will continue
and that it may in the future outgrow our most sanguine expecta-
tions.
A highly successful session of our annual directors' convention
was held at Lebanon, January 6, 1906. Every district except one
was represented, and from the majority of districts nearly all the
directors were present. Since the law provides that the directors
shall be paid for attending these annual conventions, nothing short
of the very best excuse should allow a director to be absent. In
order to do, a man must know what to do. In other words a director
must be intelligent along the line of his duties.
These conventions are intended to make him intelligent. A true
school director, one who is anxious to know fully his duties will
never find an excuse to be absent from the sessions of these con-
ventions. The school system of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
intrusts to our directors all its vital functions.
Into their hands is directly placed all authority over our schools.
Under their direction shall our courses of studies be arranged. They
shall adopt our text-books. They shall' hire our teachers. They
shall fix the length of the school term. In short, all that must be
carried into execution is placed into their power. In view of the
fact that almost unlimited power is placed into our directors' hands,
it behooves the citizens of every community to ask the following
questions: What manner of man is the candidate for school di-
rector? What prompts his being a candidate? Does he take an
interest in anything that promotes the welfare of his community?
Is he a candidate for the office for selfish ends and selfish purposes?
Is he parsimonious and seeks the office to keep down the school
taxes? Is he extravagant and does not know the value of a dollar?
I am highly gratified to be able to say that the vast majority
of our directors are in my opinion performing their duties faith-
fully and conscientiously. I believe that our directors as a body of
men are earnestly devoted to the cause of popular education. On
the other hand we have a few men filling this all important office
who are directors in name only and not in deed. They do not, as
the name of the office they fill implies, direct school work. May the
public conscience of communities in which such men are filling the
office of school director be quickened, and may in every community
men be elected to this important office who know their full duty
and knowing it dare to perform it.
All our directors might do more in visiting our schools. During
my second annual visits to the schools, I am frequently accompanied
in the various districts by the full board of directors. This is very
No. 6. LEHIGH COUNTY. 81
commendable, but not sufficient. The schools should be visited once
each month by some members of the board. To accomplish this
it would be wise for each board to form itself into three committees
consisting of two members each, and have all the schools visited
each month by one of these committees. While in this way the
schools would be visited every month the different directors would
be obliged to make only three visits to all the schools in a term
of nine months. I am quite confident that a great deal of good
would result from such a plan of visitations.
The number of professionally trained teachers is gradually in-
creasing in our county. Of the two hundred thirty-two teachers
employed last year, eight are college graduates, sixty-two are nor-
mal school graduates, fifty-six hold the permanent certificate and
ninety hold the provisional certificate. Of the last grade of teach-
ers thirty-one were beginners.
It is, therefore, readily seen that a very large number of our
schools are in the hands of teachers who have neither by experience
nor by special training fitted themselves as completely as the im-
portant work of the teacher really demands and merits. May the
day speedily come when no one who is not professionally trained
and thoroughly equipped for the great work of educating our chil-
dren will be employed as a teacher.
Two new buildings have been erected as follows: One in North
Londonderry district, in the town of Palmyra, and the other in
North Lebanon (Independent) district. These are among the best
and the finest buildings in the county. Conveniences for heating,
light and ventilation are of the latest improvements, and the artistic
designs and the thorough workmanship of the entire part of both
structures reflect merited credit upon the architect, the contractors
and especially upon the directors of these two districts.
Both buildings are furnished throughout with the latest improved
furniture.
In conclusion, I wish to extend my heartfelt thanks to the Depart-
ment of Public Instruction for courtesies received, tlie public press
for the generous and extended reports of our schools and educational
meetings, the directors and teachers for their kind assistance and
wholesome advice, and all who have in any way helped to advance
the educational interests of the county.
LEHIGH COUNTY— A Ivin Rupp.
On the whole, the year just closed was a prosperous one for the
schools of Lehigh county. There were no innovations of any kind to
mar or jar the school machinery.
6—6—1906
82 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Do,?.
Two new school buildings were erected, one a four-room building
at Fountain Hill, and the other a one-room building at Orefield.
Both of them are model buildings, and speak eloquently of the
progressive spirit manifested by the directors who were instru-
mental in their erection,
A one-room annex was added to Keiper's school house in Han-
over township, and also to Rex's school house in Washington town-
ship. Graded schools were established at both places.
School apparatus was supplied for many of the schools of the
county, notably, in both of the Milfords, where a set of Rand &
McNally's outline maps was placed in each school. Each of the
schools of Hanover township was furnished with a historical map
of Pennsylvania.
Our high schools all did excellent work during the term, and
highly merit the approval which they receive from the friend,^: of
education in the various districts.
Arrangements have already been made for opening, at least, two
new township high schools, with the opening of the next term: One
in Upper Milford and the other in North Whitehall.
In Catasauqua and Hokendauqua, especial attention was given
to the subject of music. A supervisor of music was employed in
each of these districts, who taught two days each month in the
former, and one day in the latter. The results obtained are very
encouraging.
The annual county institute was held during the week of October
16, 1905, and was the educational event of the year. Every teacher
in the county was in attendance and evinced a marked degree of
interest. Our instructors were: Drs. Brumbaugh, Ellis, Fess, Fer-
ris and Houck. That the work of these gifted men was highly appre-
ciated was plainly shown by the undivided attention which they
received from the teachers and others.
As usual, six local institutes were held in different sections of
the county. These were well attended by the teachers, who took
a lively interest in the discussions following the treatment and
exposition of the various subjects previously assigned. It may
truthfully be said that the institute work in this county was never
more helpful and inspiring than during the past school year.
A very noticeable feature in the constituency of our corps of
teachers is the increasing number of female teachers, and the cor-
responding decrease in the number of male teachers employed.
Not many years ago the number of female teachers was compara-
tively small, especially in the rural districts; this year, in some of
these districts, they were in the majority. This change is due, in
a large measure, to the fact that men, who are able-bodied and intel-
ligent, can earn much more in other lines of employment. Unless '
No. 6. Luzerne county. 83
the salaries paid for teachers are materially increased in the near
future, only a very small percentage of our schools will be in the
hands of experienced male teachers.
Our school population was exceptionally free from contagious
and infectious diseases, yet our attendance was not by any means
as regular as it should have been. This was due to the effort made
by the Department of Health to enforce the vaccination laws, and
the prejudice on the part of many against vaccination.
When the edict went forth, about ninety per cent, of the children
were vaccinated, but the remainder were obstinate and refused to
comply with the law, and, as a consequence, either remained out
of school altogether, or became very irregular in their attendance.
The enforcement of the compulsory education law was also more
or less neglected, largely because of the confusion which followed
upon the attempt made to enforce the vaccination law.
While I believe in vaccination as a protection against small-pox,
I cannot refrain from registering a protest against the wisdom and
policy of placing the burden of its enforcement upon the teacher.
It will invariably cause strained relations between some of the
parents and the teacher, and create a spirit detrimental to the in-
fluence, and retarding the progress of the school. I sincerely hope
that some way may be found by which the teachers may be relieved
from the necessity of performing this unpleasant duty.
XTZERNE COUNTY— Frank P. Hopper.
In submitting my seventh annual report of the condition of the
schools of Luzerne county it gives me great pleasure to state that
"progress" is still our watchword. Townships continue to establish
high schools wherever funds are available and the time is sure to
oome when all of our boys and girls will have an opportunity to se-
cure an advanced education at home. In the boroughs where courses
of study have been in operation for some time the results obtained
are very satisfactory.
In the twenty examinations held this year, 481 apx>licants w^ere
examined. Of these, 318 received provisional certificates, 29 received
professional certificates and 113 were rejected. In granting licenses
to teach it is my puri>ose to raise the standard as rapidly as condi-
tions will warrant.
Our county institute was held in the Y. M. 0. A. auditorium
during the week beginning Monday, October 23d. The instructors
U PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
were Prof. Francis H. Green, of the West Chester State Normal
School; Dr. Judsou Perry Welsh, principal of the Bloomsburj? State
Normal School; Dr. J. C. Willis, of Lexington, Ky.; Prof. Jonathan
Rigdon, of Worcester, Mass., and Prof. Jerry March, of Philadel-
phia. Miss Ethel Siers, of Altoona, was engaged as vocal soloist
for the week. Our evening course consisted of lectures by Strick-
land W. Gillilan and Leon C. Prince, and entertainments by Rogers-
Grilly and the Rosa Linde Concert Company. For the first time
Nanticoke borough held its own institute this year, but our attend-
ance did not fall oft" to any appreciable extent, there having been
an enrollment of 852 teachers. The institute was a great success
from every point of view.
The sixteenth annual meeting of the Luzerne County School Di-
irectors' Association was held in the Y. M. C. A. lecture room on
Thursday, February 1st. Addresses were made by Nathan C. Schaef-
fer, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; D. J. Waller, prin-
cipal of Indiana State Normal School; John A. Opp, Esq., president
of the association, and John G. Myers, president of the Nescopeck
independent school board. The musical part of the program con-
sisted of vocal solos by Mr. Geo. W. Chubbuck, of Mouroetou, and
a class drill in vocal music by pupils of Pittston City schools under
the direction of Prof. M. E. Golden. The largest attendance in the
history of the association was recorded at this meeting and all the
directors present were greatly benefited.
During the year I made in all 638 visitations. The number of
visits this year was smaller than that of last year for various good
reasons which I will not take the time to cite. In some districts,
however, I found the schools closed for the purpose of giving the
children a chance to be vaccinated and it was impossible to return
to them, owing to lack of time.
New school houses were opened during the year in Buck, Dorrance,
Foster and Plains townships and in the boroughs of Edwardsville
and Duryea. New buildings are now in process of erection in Frank-
lin, Hanover and Jenkins townships and in the boroughs of Ply-
mouth and Edwardsville, the two latter being to replace buildings
that were destroyed by fire.
In conclusion, I desire to express my sincere gratitude to the
Department of Public Instruction for the kindly assistance ren-
dered me from time to time, to the school directors and teachers for
their loyalty and to the local press for their unbiased treatment of
educational questions.
No. 6. Lycoming county.
LYCOMING COUNTY— G. B. Milnor,
The statistical report for the year shows the following results:
Whole number of schools, 309; number of graded schools, 318; num-
ber of visits, 373; number of educational meetings held, 28; number
of pupils enrolled, 10,824; number of schools in which higher
branches were taught, 129; number of male teachers, 119; number of
female teachers, 198; average age of teachers, 23; number with
no previous experience, 65; number who have taught five or more
annual terms, 129. One hundred seventy-four teachers held pro-
visional certificates, 63 professional certificates, 48 permanent cer-
tificates, 22 State normal diplomas, and 11 college diplomas.
Compared with last year's statistics the report shows a slight
increase in the number of female teachers, in the number having
no previous experience, and in the number having taught five or
more annual terms. There was a decrease in the number of profes-
sional certificates, but an increase in the number of permanent cer-
tificates, State normal and college diplomas and schools in which
higher branches w^ere taught. The statistics seem to indicate that
on the whole the teaching force was stronger than that of the pre-
ceding year.
The annual county institute was held at Muncy, December 18-22.
The sessions were interesting and profitable. The instructors were
Dr. Nathan C. Schaeft'er, State Superintendent of Public Instruction;
Dr. Charles McMurry, California State Normal School; Dr. Sherman
Davis, State University, Bloomington, Indiana; Miss Maude Willis-
Lock Haven State Normal School; Supt. Charles Lose, and Hon.
Emerson Collins, Williamsport. Prof. C. C. Case, of Gustavus, Ohio,
conducted the music. Three sessions were taken up with section
work when questions of a practical nature having a direct bearing
upon the needs of the schools were discussed. The evening attrac-
tions were Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer, Dr. A. A. Wlllits, the Dunbars,
and Maro, the magician. On Directors' Day Hon. Emerson Collins
delivered a masterly address on The Township High School before
the large audience of directors, teachers and friends of education.
The following books were selected by the committee on teachers'
reading: Roark's ''Method in Education," McMurry's "Special
Method in Language," "Special Method in Geography," and "Type
'Studies in United Slates Geography." Many of these books were
purchased by the teachers at the county institute and were reviewed
and discussed at the subsequent meetings of the Teachers' Exchange.
The thirtieth annual meeting of the Lycoming County Teachers'
86 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Association was held in Hughesville, February 24tb, Nearly one-
half of the teachers in the county were present at one or more of
the three sessions. Supt. Chas. Lose, of Williamsport, gave an inter-
esting address in the afternoon on "Literary and Rhetorical Exer-
cises of the, School.'' In the evening Dr. Houck, Deputy Superin-
tendent of Public Instruction, delivered his celebrated lecture, ''A
Journey to Jerusalem." It was thoroughly enjoyed and appreciated
by the immense audience present.
At this meeting of the association a committee previously ap-
ponted, of which W. W. Champion, Esq., of Williamsport, was
chairman, presented a special program for the observance of the
second annual Pennsylvania Day in the public schools of the county,
March 30th. While the program contained a number of literary
and historical topics treating of the important events and characters
in connection with our State history, the life, public services and
writings of Benjamin Franklin were made the leading feature of
the exercises. Considerable interest was manifested in the event
and the observance of the day was in general satisfactory.
The directors of the county held their third annual meeting at
Williamsport, May 26th. The attendance was the largest in the
history of the association. Among the directors who took part on
the program were: W. T. Pepperman, J. W. Levegood, Asher Wil-
liamson, T. F. Connelly, David Wurster, W. L. Garverich, Dr. J. L.
Mansuy, H. G. Eisenmenger, Dr. A. T. Welker, J. S. Cranmer, I. R.
Fleming and H. P. Keyte, Dr. J. George Becht, principal of the
Clarion State Normal School; Dr. T. B. Noss, principal of the Cali-
fornia State Normal School, and Supt. Chas. Lose, of Williamsport,
were present and gave helpful and inspiring addresses. The asso-
ciation passed resolutions favoring (1) The adoption of the new
course of study as revised by the county superintendent. (2) The
transportation of pupils where necessary. (3) The organization of
township high schools where conditions are favorable. (4) Profes-
sional improvement on the part of teachers and corresponding
increase in salary. (5) Enforcement of the vaccination law before
the opening of the school term. (6) A revision of the school law.
During the year twenty-eight educational meetings were held in
various parts of the county. At these meetings the subjects that
received most attention were: The Township High School, The Reci-
tation, Elementary Methods, and The Home and the School. There
was also a visible increase in the number of townships holding local
teachers' meetings.
The opportunity of attending borough high schools, offered pupils
of the rural districts, had a tendency to secure a longer attendance
and more thorough preparation on the part of the older pupils.
This probably accounts for the increase in the number of common
No. 6. McKEAN COUNTY. 87
school diplomas issued, with no apparent decrease in the average
age of the applicants. The growing sentiment for better educa-
tional advantages in the rural districts resulted in arrangements
being completed for the organization of township high schools at
Cliutonville, in Clinton township, and at Oval, in Limestone town-
ship. The Mclntyre school has extended its course and is now
ranked as a township high school of the second class.
In conclusion I wish to acknowledge the hearty co-operation of
teachers and directors, the continued courtesy of the public press,
and the generous assistance of the Department of Public Instruction.
McKEAN COUNTY— Burdette S. Bayle.
ADother year's work is ended and the seven thousand pupils of
McKean county have completed another seventh of their average
school life. The thought that this one year is such a large part
and means so much to each boy and girl restrains me speaking in
too glowing terms of what we have done. We have done well, but
have we done our best? If not, we must do better.
We are growing. This year we have had more teachers and more
pupils than ever before. But I am glad to be able to state that our
growth is not confined to numbers alone. I believe Ave are growing
in knowledge; that our teachers are better prepared; that they
read more and think more than ever before. The educational senti-
ment of the county is growing. The j^ear has witnessed advancement
in the line of improved methods, in the earnestness of the teaching
body, and in the co-operation of the public.
While the geographical conditions of our county are not favora-
ble to centralization, several districts are seriously considering the
advisability of partial centralization. This year two wagons have
been in operation, one in Ceres, the other in Norwich.
The high school tuition law has been a great blessing to our peo
pie, and dozens of our most promising boys and girls have been
taking advantage of its provisions who might not otherwise have
been able to continue their education. Some of the districts have
found the additional expense rather burdensome, but the burden
consists not so much in high tax as in inability to raise sufficient
money on ridiculously low valuations with a thirteen mill limit.
Hamlin and Hamilton have already taken steps towards establish-
ing township high schools, and others are contemplating the same
move. Foster township high school, our only one at the present
8
88 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
time, is having a steady growth, and this year graduated eight stu-
dents in its three year course.
The county institute was held in Smethport, October 9 to 18. The
instructors were Dr. J. C. Willis, Dr. Geo. P. Bible, Dr. C. C. Miller
and Prof. A, J. Mooney, who were present during entire week.
Besides these. Dr. J. Geo. Becht, Dr. Andrew Thomas Smith, Prof.
W. M. Peirce, Prof. Fred. S. Breed and Prof. H. M. Griffith each
gave one or more talks.
The evenings comprised a lecture by Dr. Miller, "High School Con-
test," "Pot Luck with a Poet,'^ by Edmund Vance Cook, and the
Lyric Glee Club. Like all its predecessors, "it was the best institute
ever held in the county." At least everyone seemed to thoroughly
enjoy it, and we have yet to hear any unfavorable comment.
The high school contest consisted of one reciter and two debaters
from each of our five borough high schools. The interest aroused
can be judged from the fact that seats in the opera house were at a
premium. The enthusiasm created among students and teachers
led to several other contests during the year.
The Directors' Association met in March. Every district was rep-
resented except one, and several districts had full boards present.
The directors in attendance took a lively interest in all the proceed-
ings, and the general verdict was "a most profitable time."
The local institute spirit has been centralized into two teachers'
association meetings, held this year at Mt. Jewett and Eldred. Both
were well attended, and enthusiastic discussions followed every
paper. They were certainly very helpful to all present.
The Home School and Visitor was published four times during the
year. The October number contained the institute announcements,
the December, the institute report, the February, the association an-
nouncements, and the April, the examination and commencement
announcements. Besides these special features each number con-
tained much school information which the teachers and directors
seemed glad to get. It is very helpful in keeping the teachers and
superintendent in touch with each other, and saves much valuable
time in correspondence and personal explanations. An effort, started
among the teachers, to put it into the homes is progressing very
satisfactorily and bids fair to greatly increase its usefulness. Finan-
cially, it has paid all its own bills and earned about |50 for the insti
tute.
Nearly one hundred dollars has been raised for the Thaddeus
Stevens Memorial fund.
In closing I wish to express my appreciation of the hearty co-opera
tion received from teachers, directors and parents, and from tlu-
Department of Public Instruction, in the'great work which is ours.
No. 6. MERCER COUNTY.
MERCER COUNTY— F. E. Foltz.
In submitting our first report, we have no statements to make
of any revolutions accomplisLed or any radical changes made dur-
ing the year. We believe, however, that Mercer county has kept
within right and even advanced lines in school affairs in the term
just closed.
The teachers in the main have been well qualified and deligent in
their work. They have been made to feel that only conscientious
work will be accepted and above all that the profession is a re-
sponsible one. Several beginners not adapted to the profession
were advised of the fact and will not teach next year.
We are attempting to raise the standard and try to make our ex-
aminations serve* two purposes — to test the applicant's fitness and
to point him to something more advanced. If we are criticised be-
cause of diflScult examinations, we are conscious of right motives.
Mercer county has always been asked to supply other sections
with experienced teachers and this year has been no exception. We
are sorry indeed that some of our best teachers are attracted by
higher salaries and longer terms in other counties.
The county institute was held at Mercer, November 13-17. The
instructors included Hon. N. C. Schaeffer, Superintendent of Public
Instruction; Prof. C. C. Miller, Dr. F. W. Hays, Supt. L. E. McGin-
nes and Dr. A. E. Winship. Three hundred and fifty-three teachers
were in attendance and were unanimous in their approval of the
eminent and able men who instructed us. We believe the insti-
tute was productive of much good. The teachers were interested
and as usual attentive. The evenings were filled by Dr. L. B.
Wickersham, Dr. A. E. Winship, Senor Ramon Reyes Lala, and The
Ion Jackson Recital Company.
On January 9, the directors met in convention and carried out a
very interesting program. The questions which provoked the most
discussion were ''Vaccination and the Compulsory Attendance Act,"
"What Shall be Done with the Small School?" and "Advantages
of Recent School Legislation." Prof. J. M. Berkey addressed the di-
rectors on the subject: "The Business Management of the Schools."
More and more of our directors are taking an active part each year
as they recognize the purpose and value of those meetings.
The county was divided into seventeen local institute districts
and from one to four institutes were held in each district. In some
places the teachers had crowded houses and the programs were
usually a credit to the teachers.
90 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Grove City erected a tine eight-room building and opened five
rooms after the holidays. Lackawanuock and Pymatuuing also built
new houses.
One hundred pupils passed the eighth grade examinations held
throughout the county on March 24 and were awarded common
school diplomas. Many of these boys and girls will enter the
various high schools next year. We hope that many more will en-
deavor to finish the course in succeeding years.
The county superintendent made 318 visits and traveled approxi-
mately 1,800 miles in doing so, held 12 examinations, issued 294 pro-
visional certificates, refused 94 applicants, attended and took part
in 14 educational meetings (11 within the county), sent out about
2,000 pieces of mail, arranged for the county institute, and attended
to many other matters connected with the schools.
While the work of the schools was encouraging, we feel that we
ought to do better. The county is fortunate in having two Normal
schools within easy reach and in having one college and four acade-
mies within her borders. All of these are doing excellent service
in preparing young people for the teaching profession. Many young
teachers seem perfectly satisfied when they receive their first cer-
tificates and as a consequence attend these higher schools no longer.
We need more teachers who continue to be students and readers,
teachers with clean-cut convictions with reference to imparting in-
struction—teachers with method and judgment to apply the proper
methods to particular conditions. We make a plea for teachers
with higher professional training.
We also need a new uniform course of study and an intelligent
understanding on the part of the teachers in grading the schools
and carrying this course into successful operation. No teacher can
do satisfactory work unless she knows what is expected of her, un-
less the school is graded and classified — in short unless there is
system. We trust the next convention of directors will aid us in
perfecting plans looking to this end.
The outlook for the coming term is bright. Many of our success-
ful teachers are engaged for another year — a majority of them in
the same schools; our academies have a larger enrollment than
usual; several townships are considering the establishment of high
schools; and the larger boys and girls are staying in school hoping
later to attend these high schools.
We wish to say to the people who have the welfare of our com-
mon schools at heart that you get just what you want. It is only
as the patrons demand better teachers, better buildings, and better
conditions generally that they get them. You elect the directors
and they in turn cannot but comply with your wishes if they are
reasonable. Directors as a rule are glad to know what the people
want.
No. 6. MIFFLIN COUNTY. 91
In conclusion, we wish to say that we appreciate the support which
has been accorded us during our first year in office. We thank the
directors for their co-operation, the teachers for their loyalty, the
patrons for their kindness, the Department for many courtesies,
and the press for their willingness to throw open their columns to
us. With all this help w^e hope to advance the school interests of
the county.
MIFFLIN COUNTY— James F. Wills.
In submitting this our first annual report of the schools of Mifflin
county, we can make no comparison of this year's work with that of
former years. On the whole, the schools were found in good con-
dition, which speaks well for my predecessor and his co-laborers,
the directors and teachers. We believe that no retrograde step
has been taken this 3'ear, but that real progress has been made along
all educational lines.
During the year we visited all the schools in the county once and
all but thirty twice. Had it not been for diphtheria in our home,
we would have visited all twice. In general, we found the teachers
earnest and progressive in their work; teaching of a high order be-
ing done in many of the schools visited; and whatever progress our
schools have made during the past year, the credit is mostly due
to the honest efforts of skillful, conscientious teachers, aided by
the hearty co-operation of many painstaking directors in all parts
of the county.
Along the line of progress, we are pleased to report a fine new
four-room brick building, modernly equipped, in the Sixth ward,
Lewistown, Pa. In this same progressive tow^n, extensive altera-
tions were made in the Wayne street building — the entire third
floor being converted into a home for the high school. Rooms on*
the first floor were arranged for the primary grades.
Kauffman's school house in Bratton township was enlarged
thereby enhancing the comfort of the pupils. Minor repairs were
made to a number of other school houses in the way of papering,
painting, new bells purchased and belfries built, window-blinds and
furniture bought and arranged. A few outbuildings received some
much needed attention.
Maps were put into a few schools. Some apparatus for laboratory
w^ork was bought by the Milroy schools. A large library was built
in the Belleville High School to meet the demand of increasing
Aolumes. Through a lecture course, about fifty dollars were raised
by this school for new books.
92 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
The directors of Brown township issued a very neat up-to-date
manual of their schools. Among the many good things this manual
contained, were the course of study, the alumni of the township
high school, the duties of principal, teachers, pupils, and janitor,
some of the recent school laws, and a letter from the principal to the
patrons giving the educational advantages offered, the progress of
the schools, and plea for some things that were absolutely essential
to the highest success of the schools.
Salaries were increased in some districts, which is a good sign of
progress.
Having recited the prosperous and progressive condition of our
schools, we must now confess that along some lines improA^ement
might be made.
A uniform course of study for the ungraded schools in the county
would systematize the work and be a great help to the pupils and
to the teachers especially those teachers who are teaching their
first term. We can see how such a course would aid the superin-
tendent in his visitation, and make his visits and his work produc-
tive of more direct good.
We found in our visiting that some rooms needed window-blinds,
some needed new and more blackboard; the walls and ceiling in
some were in bad condition — dirty and unattractive — remedy, a little
kalsomine; a book-case is needed in every school; maps, dictionaries,
and a globe would add greatly to the working facilities of the school.
In a few instances, bare walls greeted our eyes. A f^w good pictures
add much to the educational advantages of every school. Out-
buildings should be in good condition. There is nothing that lowers
the moral tone of a school so much as improper defaced outbuildings.
We found some of these. Along these suggested lines, we hope to
report improvement in the future.
The attendance in some of our schools was very poor caused prin-
cipally by the vaccination law. Indeed, several of our schools were
almost broken up because of the refusal of parents to comply with
the law. Many parents objected to having their children vaccinated
during the cold weather, but promised to attend to the matter dur-
ing the summer months, so we are hopeful of less trouble from this
source the coming year.
The county institute was held November 27-December 1, and was
a success. Our day instructors were all practical men, hence much
was gotten and put into use by the teachers — the children reaping
the good fruit. We had two good papers read, and after the read-
ing, interesting discussions by the teachers.
We departed somewhat from the custom and had but four even-
ing sessions instead of five as in former years. This plan seemed
to meet with the general approval of the teachers. Having but four
No. 6. MONROE COUNTY. 93
evenings, we endeavored to get the very best talent available. Our
county is small and if the best talent is to be secured for day and
evening, the general public must patronize us. We were pleased
with our patronage last year and hope for a continuance of same.
The day instructors were Supt. L. E. McGinnis, Dr. \V. W. Par-
sons, Prof. C. C. Ellis, Dr. Geo. P. Bible, Miss Ella King Vogel, and
Rev. Dorsey N. Miller. The evening attractions were lectures by
Mattison Wilbur Chase and Frank Dixon; entertainments by Car-
min's Italian Boys and the Lyric Glee Club.
A directors' session was held on Wednesday morning, November
29, where some twenty-five or thirty directors discussed important
topics. In the afternoon, the directors met with the teachers.
The regular annual Directors' Convention was held the latter part
of January, and fifty-four of the eighty-four directors were present.
Some able papers were read and spirited discussions took place,
Supt. L. E. McGinnis and Dr. Geo. P. Bible addressed the session.
The majority of our teachers are earnest, competent, and con-
scientious in the discharge of their duties, yet there are some who
are asleep, putting no life, no snap, no interest into the work.
The salaries paid to teachers are entirely disproportionate to
the kind and amount of work done in return. If one teacher in a
district is worth |35 per month, another may be worth double or
even treble that amount.
In conclusion, we tender our most sincere thanks to the school
directors for their many acts of co-operation and kindness, to the
teachers who have aided us much by their wisdom and sympathy,
to patrons who have received and entertained us most cordially,
to the almost six thousand pupils whose manifestations of friend-
ship we most heartily appreciate, and to the Department of Public
Instruction from which we have received much aid.
MONROE COUNTY— F. Koehler.
In submitting this, my first annual report of school conditions in
our county, it affords me pleasure to say, that, measured by the
standard of improvement in school facilities and a desire on the
part of the public for better schools, this has been a very prosperous
and progressive school year. The attendance, in several districts,
was very poor on account of the unpopularity of the vaccination
law. However, in the majority of districts, teachers, directors, and
patrons respectfully complied with the requests of the law.
94 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Our teachers as a body labored faithfully in the school-room, yet
we are sorry to note, that there are four or five who were unsuc-
cessful, or in other words ''misfits." This was due largely either
for want of proper interest in school work, or for want of tact in
teaching the different branches. Most of our teachers are striving
to advance in intellectual attainments; those holding provisional
certificates are attending academies and Normal schools during the
vacation months; those holding professional certificates are apply-
ing for permanent certificates. In general, there seems to be a
craving on the part of the teachers for higher and broader educa-
tional qualifications.
Nine regular examinations were held during the year; also two
special examinations.
There were one hundred and twenty-seven applicants; of these,
one hundred and five were granted certificates.
Eight pupils were examined for graduation in the course of study
adopted for our rural districts. All were granted diplomas.
The County Institute was held November 13-17, at Stroudsburg,
Pa. The instructors were. Professors A. C. Rothermel, Kutztown,
Pa.; R. M. McNeal, Harrisburg, Pa.; Dr. Geo. L. Omwake, Col-
legeville, Pa.; Dr. C. E. Reber, Worcester, Mass.; Dr. Frank S. Fox,
Columbus, Ohio; Dr. E. L. Kemp, East Stroudsburg, Pa,; Dr. C.
H. Johnston, East Stroudsburg, Pa.;, Prof. E. T. Kunkle, Broadheads-
ville, Pa.; Prof. Amzi A. Frey, Musical Instructor, Martin's Creek,
Pa.
The evening lectures were delivered by Dr. Frank S. Fox, "Life's
Navy," and Dr. Frank Dixon, "The Man Against the Mass."
The evening entertainments were given by The Imperial Concert
Company, Philadelphia, Pa., and Mr. and Mrs. Labadie, also from
Philadelphia.
All the teachers attended the Institute except one. She could
not attend on account of sickness.
The Institute was also largely attended by directors and other
friends of education. Judging from the interest and enthusiasm
manifested by teachers, directors, and others in attendance, it
may be inferred, that the Institute was one of the best ever held
in the county.
Seven local institutes were held at convenient places throughout
the county. These were attended by one hundred and twenty-five
teachers, eighteen directors, and many patrons of the schools. We
have one hundred and fifty-two teachers in our county; it is a matter
of deep regret that I cannot report that every teacher in the county
attended at least one of these Institutes. Many of our best teachers
as well as directors participated in discussing topics of local inter-
est, and in my visits to the schools, I could find indications of direct
No. 6. MONROE COUNTY. 95
benefit derived from these discussions. It is hoped, that another
year all directors as well as teachers will attend these local insti-
tutes.
The third annual convention of the school directors of our county
was held, on Wednesday. January 17, 190G, at Stroudsburg, Pa.
There are one hundred and twenty directors in the county; of
these eighty-nine attended the convention — this being the largest
number ever assembled in our county on a similar occasion.
Very appropriate and instructive addresses were made by the fol-
lowing directors: Messrs. B. F. Morey, E, H. Everitt, Robert Brown
and Dr. Geo. H. Rhoads.
Prof. Frank Transue, of Stroudsburg, Pa., and the County Super-
intendent also addressed the convention.
A number of other directors also participated in the discussions.
These conventions have been a fountain of living water to many
directors. The large attendance, the intense interest on the part
of directors, and the enthusiastic discussions, are but tokens of
the good that will result from such meetings. At the close of the
convention, a certain director remarked: ^'I have learned more con-
cerning the needs of our schools and their management than I ever
knew before; I feel that some improvements can and must be made
in our rural schools."
The school-room should be made as attractive and pleasant as the
home; school plaj'-grounds should also be suitably improved.
Patrons of the schools should co-operate with the directors in mak-
ing these needed improvements.
Paradise township has made a decided step forward in this direc-
tion, by painting their school-houses outside and inside; the fur-
niture also being re-varnished, thus presenting a very attractive
appearance; some of their play-grounds were filled up and properly
graded.
In Jackson and Ross townships new water-closets were erected.
Heretofore these places had but one closet for each school-house.
In Stroudsburg, several rooms were supplied with new furniture.
At the Water Gap, a new furnace was placed in the basement
of the school, at a cost of several hundred dollars.
At East Stroudsburg, suitable cases with glass fronts were made
by order of the board, at a cost of more than a hundred dollars, in
which cases were placed geographical collections presented by The
Philadelphia Commercial Museum.
There were under my jurisdiction during the year one hundred
and fifty-two schools.. All of these were visited once; many were
visited twice; and several were visited three times.
Most of the teachers were doing satisfactory work; some were
found lax in disciplining their schools; a few seemed very indifferent
96 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
concerning their work. To all these, the Superintendent gave per-
sonal encouragement or personal advice according to the necessity
of the case.
The Superintendent believes that teachers who labor faithfully'
and diligently ought occasionally to be told of their success and
good work by patrons of the schools as well as directors; in order
that they may be stimulated to do even nobler work in future years.
On the other hand, some teachers are in sad need of advice; a kind
word of advice on the part of parents and other school officers, may
oft-times result in much good. Emerson once said, "A teacher who
considers himself above advice, should have no place in the school-
room."
Throughout the county, we find a number of school libraries; to
some of these a number of volumes were added during the year; in
a few other places, new libraries were started. Too much en-
couragement cannot be given in this direction.
It was my pleasure to witness the commencement exercises held
by the Stroudsburg High School ; at which time a class of nine were
graduated. All of whom completed the commercial course. The
exercises were very elevating and instructive.
I desire to extend my heartfelt thanks to the State Department
for the prompt and kind help given; to the press of our county for
publishing the news of our educational meetings, and many other
favorable comments; to the directors for their co-operation and
kind words of encouragement; and to the teachers for their earnest
and loyal devotion to duty.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY— J. Horace Landis.
The results obtained in the county for the year ending June,
1906, with few exceptions, have been very gratifying.
The Superintendent made 746 visits in the schools, visiting almost
every school twice. Several schools, the teachers of which needed
special help, he visited oftener.
Four examinations for graduating pupils were held, and 209 pupils
passed successfully, and were granted diplomas. The pupils' ex-
aminations were conducted by the teachers and directors of the re-
spective districts, each district holding its own examination.
The County Superintendent furnished all the equestions and ex-
amined all the papers. To facilitate this work the county was di-
vided into four districts, as follows: 7 months' term constituted the
first district; 7| and 8 months' terms constituted the second dis-
trict; 8^ and 9 months' terms constituted the third district; 9^ and
10 months' terms constituted the fourth district.
No. 6. MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 97
The dates of these examinations were April 14, May 5, May 19
and June 2 respectively.
Fourteen regular examinations for teachers were held, and at
these examinations 166 provisional certificates were granted and ten
teachers received professional certificates. Forty-three candidates
were rejected.
Four hundred and twenty-seven teachers in the county were under
the direct supervision of the County Superintendent. Of these, 139
held provisional certificates; 34 professional certificates; 55 per-
manent certificates, and 199 Normal diplomas. Fifty-three teachers
were employed who had no previous experience.
The principal educational events of the year were the local in-
stitutes, the meetings of the Directors' Association and the annual
County Institute.
The local institutes were an interesting feature of the work in
country districts, and created a very favorable educational senti-
ment in the districts in which they were held. Five such institutes
were held at the following centres: Harleysville, East Greenville,
Hatfield, Sumneytown and Centre Point.
The Directors' Association held two meetings during the year;
a very successful annual meeting at Norristown, October 26, dur-
ing the session of the County Institute, and a semi-annual meeting
at Jenkintown, March 15.
At Jenkintown, as usual, morning, afternoon and evening sessions
were held, and 35 directors were present despite the severe blizzard
that was in progress the entire day and evening. The entire pro-
gram, as arranged, was given, and was excellent and instructive.
The questions discussed were: "Are we Spending too Much Money
for the Maintenance of our Schools?" "Are we Ready for Manual
Training?" Supt. Geo. W. Twitmyer, of Wilmington, Del., and Dr.
Charles Calvert Ellis addressed the meeting in the afternoon. Their
talks were full of good, wholesome advice to all present concerning
their duties to the schools. "Backward Children" was the subject
of an excellent evening lecture by Prof. Lightner Witmer.
It was decided that hereafter the regular annual meetings of the
Directors' Association shall be held during County Institute week,
in October, and the semi-annual meeting in March.
The annual County Institute convened at Norristown on October
2.3, and continued in session one week. The instructors were Dr.
S. D. Fess, Dr. A. E. Winship, Dr. S. C. Schmucker and Prof. P. M.
Pearson. The program, from beginning to end, was a source of
much inspiration and instruction. The concensus of opinion was
very encouraging and gratifying. The evening entertainments were
by the Rosa Linde Company and the Roney Boys. The evening lec-
turers were Dr. John Merritte Driver and Dr. S. D. Fess.
7—6—1906
98 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
The death of Supt. Jos. K. Gotwals, of Norristown, occurred Oc-
tober 9, 1904. In his death the institute lost one of its most earnest
and devoted members. The success of the County Institute in the
past years was mainly due to his efforts. He was connected with it.
as an active worker and leader, from its inception, and was influen-
tial in plans for its success up to the last day of his life. His ad-
vice and counsel were sought and appreciated by the committees,
and always proved safe and reliable.
Supt. Gotwals was first vice president of the Institute, since 1872,
and it was deemed fitting that the Monday evening session of the In-
stitute be changed to a memorial session in honor of his life and
works. At this session, tributes were offered by County Superin-
tendent J, Horace Landis; Mr. W. H. Lehman, principal of Bridge-
port schools; Mr. W, E, Beyer, principal of Whitpain High School;
Miss Caroline E. Niblo, assistant principal of Conshohocken High
School; Supt. C. A. Wagner, of Cheltenham; Mr. A. D. Eisenhower;
principal of Norristown High School; IT. S. Commissioner W. W,
Craig; President Judge A. S. Swartz; Dr. A. E. Winship, and Dr. S.
D. Fess. These tributes were beautiful and sincere, and attested
the fact that it pays to lead a right life.
The erection of new buildings and the enlargement of some of
the older buildings are encouraging signs of interest in our schools.
West Pottsgrove township has erected a new four-room building;
Springfield township added four rooms at Wyndmoor; Abington
township has in course of construction a new eight room building,
and Narberth has arranged to enlarge their building by an annex
of three or more rooms. Most of the school buildings of the county
are modern in their appointments.
The enforcement of the compulsory attendance and vaccination
laws .met, generally, with favor.
I gratefully acknowledge the aid given me by the Department of
Public Instruction, the loyal support of the directors of the county,
and the faithful performance of duties by the teachers of the county.
MONTOUR COUNTY— Charles W. Derr.
After the close of one of the most successful years among the
schools of our county, we again send a report of progress which is
both a duty and a verj great pleasure.
Montour county possesses few school houses that are not in ex-
cellent condition. All the houses are supplied with patent fur-
No. 6, NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 99
niture. No new houses have been erected during the year but
many have been improved and beautified. Few buildings are with-
out slate boards and the necessary appliances.
Teachers realizing the greater demand and higher standard of
the County Superintendent, have endeavored to fit themselves in a
more efficient way professionally. This has shown itself in the
better management and consequently greater progress of the schools
under their care.
We are glad that the directors of our county ask the Superin-
tendent in the selection of their teachers, and we are glad that the
teachers are always willing to work along the lines we suggest.
We received in our county, from The Philadelphia Museums last
year five of their most excellent collections, they all have received
very fine cases and we are glad that directors are willing to get
the cases.
Only the newest and best school books should bo used in the
schools. By the best book I mean the one that stands the school
room test. Directors should not always change books at the time
they run out by law but should retain them as long as they give
good service.
The most grievous fault of the schools of Montour county the last
year was the irregularity of attendance on the part of the pupils,
through a true knowledge of compulsory vaccination law. We
hope that all parents will see that their children are properly vacci-
nated and thereby give them the needed education.
We had one of the best Institutes at Danville, the first week in
December, ever held in the county. The instructors were Prof.
Dieffenbacher in music, one of the best instructors we have had,
also Supt. L. E. McGinnes, of Steelton; Prof. R. M. McNeal, of Har-
risburg, and Prof. C. H. Albert, of the Bloomsburg Normal. We
had an enrollment of all the teachers of the county.
We are glad that the pupils who have finished the course are
willing to take the examination at the end of the term. Forty-two
(42) out of those who took the examination received their diploma.
We express our thanks to the public press of the county and also
to the Department of Public Instruction for its aids during the year.
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY— George A. Grim.
Due to unprecedented industrial activity, many of our strong
teachers are leaA'ing a service, that offers employment for only a
fractional part of a year; and a salary that is not commensurate.
100 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Several of our districts have been compelled to hire inexperienced
and inferior teachers, but have learned their mistake and in many
sections the salaries have been increased. The near future promises
an average salary of forty dollars per month, for rural teachers.
The Directors' Association was well attended and much useful
information and animation was gleaned from the meeting.
The following instructors at our County Teachers' Institute merit
praise, for their suggestions and good cheer. Ih: Henry Houck, who
always radiates sunshine, Dr. O. T. Corson, Trof. A. Davison, Dr.
G. W. Gerwig, Mrs. Bessie B. Rogers, Prof. O. H. Yetter. - The Com-
mandery Quartette from Bloomsburg rendered appreciated musical
selections. Dr. Koland D. Grout,, delivered his lecture on — Snakes
in Paradise — the lecture was one of the best ever delivered in Easton.
Thursday forenoon Dr. Grout addressed the teachers, and displayed
for their examination several thousand gems, and original, rare
historical manuscripts. The teachers manifested sincere interest
in Dr. Grout's collections.
The entertainments on Thursday evening was furnished by the
Hawthorne Company. The teachers earned praise for their lady-
like and gentlemanly conduct. None of the speakers were annoyed,
neither was the chairman compelled to call for order.
The local institutes were well attended, all the speakers save one,
to whom subjects had been assigned came well prepared.
In several sections the vaccination laws were the cause of some
unpleasantness. We do not expect trouble next year.
Arbor Day was fittingly celebrated in a number of our schools.
The most interesting celebration was at Bath. The tree planted and
dedicated in honor of Theodore Roosevelt, was a young shellbark,
taken from what was originally the farm of Daniel Craig, the first
white settler in Bath, and a direct ancestor of the President. Tlie
principal speaker was Rev. Smith, D. D., president of the School
Board, who paid a glowing tribute to the President and compared
him to the hickory, you can bend it, but cannot break it. ,
The following letter explains itself:
White House, Washington, D. C, April 9, 190G.
My Dear Sir: Thank you for your letter of the 7th instant. I
most heartily believe in Arbor Day and inculcating among children
The love for trees which you are striving to inculcate. I know not
what to say as to my favorite tree. The hickory is such a distinctly
American tree that I am particularly fond of it; but there are
many others — the oak, beech, birch, chestnut, pine, and under cer-
tain circumstances, the maple and locust, of which I am equally
fond, and I have a peculiar feeling for the tulip tree. In short.
No. 6. NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY. 101
there are so many trees that are lovely that I would not be able
to choose among them. You see that even in the above list I have
forgotten the elm, than which there can be no more beautiful tree.
My advice would be to select the tree that would thrive best in the
particular locality where you plant it.
Sincerely yours,
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
To. Asa K. Mcllhaney, Bath, I'a.
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY— Wallace W. Fetzer.
In submitting this, my first report of the conditions of the schools
of Northumberland count}', I am not in position to rightly compare
the work of this year with that done in previous years, but I wish
to recognize and praise the high and efficient work of my prede-
cessor. Prof. Benjamin Apple in his effort to better systematize and
grade the work in our schools. During the year, it has been my
earnest effort to bring our teachers to realize that it is by proper
grading, an outlined course of study, a definite purpose in view and
hard honest work on their part that the best results may be reached.
When we consider that 21 per cent, of our teachers are doing their
first year's work, the results are very gratifying. Many of them
are young but enthusiastic and energetic and have labored for the
best interests of our schools.
We held 19 public teachers' examinations, at which 210 appli-
cants were examined, and 149 provisional and 9 professional cer-
tificates were granted. Many of the failures were caused by appli-
cants attending schools where the higher branches receive too much
attention before the fundamental principles have been thoroughly
mastered.
From the standpoint of attendance and progress in the schools,
the vaccination law was somewhat detrimental to the best inter-
ests. While in some districts the parents readily consented to
have their children vaccinated, yet in other places many persons
refused, and, as a consequence, such children were compelled to
remain out of school. In certain districts where some of the
teachers took a decided stand for the enforcement of the law I am
of the opinion that it cost them their popularity among the patrons
and the schools did not do their best work. Among our patrons are
those who claim that the law should be repealed, or at least so
amended, that it would not affect the country districts, while others
102 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
ask for a revision of the law so as not to place tbe entire responsi-
bility of its enforcement on the teacher. I am very much in favor
of the latter view.
At Greenridge in Mt. Carmel township, a one-roomed annex was
added to the building. The room is large, well ventilated, finely
finished and well furnished. A one-roomed building was erected at
Kulpmout, also in Mt. Carmel township. Kulpmont had recently
been laid out in lots and there was no way of estimating the probable
number of children of school age. On the opening of school, the
room was crowded and a second teacher was necessary. Contract
has been let for an annex. Furnace heat was placed in one of the
buildings of Upper Augusta township and the patrons are glad that
the old stove has gone.
The people of the rural districts are realizing the need of higher
education. The township high school is meeting with more and
more approval. The high school in West Chillisquaque township
which had been discontinued for one year was re-established and
preparations are under way to remove the old building and erect a
modern four-roomed structure.
We held eleven educational meetings in different sections of the
county. Tbe interest manifested by many of the teachers and
patrons was very encouraging. A few of the teachers, who seem to
make teaching a temporary occupation rather than a profession,
do not take the interest in these meetings that I vdsh to see. Men
of skill and experience in teaching accompanied me and addressed
the teachers and aided in a general way.
The county institute which convened at Sunbury during the week
of December 18-22 was the great educational event of the year.
Every teacher under my jurisdiction was present. The total enroll-
ment was 302 — the largest for several years. Our teachers were
enthusiastic in their praise of the instruction given, which was prac-
tical, helpful and could be readily applied in the school room. The
instructors during the week were Prof. Paul M. Pearson, Prof. Pres-
ton W.^ Search and Superintendents James M. Couglilin, W. A. Wil-
son and Joseph Howerth, of Wilkes-Barre, Milton and Shamokin re-
spectively. For our evening sessions we had Dr. A. A. Willits, Dr.
Wm. Hawley Smith, Montaville Flowers and Lula Tyler Gates Com-
pany.
The Directors' Association held two meetings during the year.
The first on Wednesday of institute week. The vaccination law and
township high schools received the most consideration. Lively dis-
cussions were the order of the day. Prof. Search addressed the
meeting. In the afternoon the directors met in the auditorium with
the teachers. The second meeting, the regular annual meeting of
the association, was held January 25. This was the largest meeting
No. 6. PERRY COUNTY. 103
since the organization of the association under the new law. One
hundred and two directors were present. To say that Dr. Houck
and Dr. Groff were present and addressed the directors speaks for
itself of the enjoyable and profitable time we had.
We regret to state that death claimed one of our directors, J.
F. Bower, of Lewis township. In his death our schools lost a loyal
and able supporter.
We wish to thank the Department for its kind consideration and
help, the local press for its interest in the educational work of the
county, and the directors and teachers for their encouragement and
loyal support. •
PERRY COUNTY— S. S. Willard.
Just as an explorer, when once he has left the beaten paths of
civilization and plunged into the wilds of a new country, constantly
meets with new situations and unforseen difiQculties, undergoes
many cares, anxieties and hardships, and climbs at last some dis-
tant height in the hope of discovering the goal of his endeavors,
only to find a still vaster unknown and unexplored region unfolding
itself before him, so the educator, called suddenly from the quiet
precincts of the class room to the supervision and direction of the
many and varied schools of a county, is also sure to find himself in
many new and trying situations, sure to be confronted by many new
and unexpected problems, and to realize more and more clearly, as
each month goes by, the importance, the magnitude, and the great
responsibilities of the work he has undertaken. When on the 15th
of last November, we received our appointment as superintendent
of this county, the date for the holding of our annual county insti-
tute was but two weeks distant, and although winter was at hand
none of our one hundred and ninety-two schools had as yet been
visited. Having received our appointment, we began work imme-
diately, and by the end of the month we had made our preparations
for the institute, and had visited thirty-five schools, spending from
an hour to an hour and a half in each.
Our institute was thoroughly successful, and received the com-
mendation of tlie great body of our teachers of whom all but five
were present. The day instructors were Dr. C. C. Ellis, Dr. E. A.
Jones, Dr. J. C. Willis, Dr. H. U. Rupp, Pl-of. Walter D. Myers and
ex-County Superintendent R. M. McNeal. The evening lecturers were
Dr. C. C. Ellis and Rev. John W. Weeter, and the entertainers, the
"Parland-Newhall Company," and the "Whitney Brothers."
104 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Seven local institutes were held in different sections of the county
during the winter. These were well attended by the teachers and
citizens of the respective districts, and as the work at each was
carried on solely by the teachers, directors and citizens, the greatest
possible amount of interest was manifested, and great good ac-
complished.
Our first annual convention of school directors under the act
of 10th April, 1905, was held in the court house at New Bloomfield
on the 3d of Februarj^. One hundred and seventeen out of a total of
,one hundred and eighty directors were present — the largest num-
ber ever attending a meeting of this character in our county. The
questions, ''The Vaccination Law vs. Compulsory Attendance,"
"A Uniform Course of Study for our Rural Schools," and "Township
High Schools," aroused a general and most active discussion, and
while no pronounced or decisive action was taken, nevertheless the
foundation was laid for future results. Prof. L. E. McGinnes, Presi-
dent of the State Teachers' Association was present and gave an
able, forcible and most practical talk on the duties, relations, and
rewards of directors.
An analysis of the teaching force of our county during the past
year gives the following results:
Number who had no prevy)us experience, 30
Number who had taught five or more annual terms, . . 88
Number who held provisional certificates, 110
Number who held professional certificates, 26
Number who held permanent certificates, 9
Number who were graduates of a State Normal school, 48
Number who attended a State Normal school but did
not graduate, 46
Number who were educated in the common schools, . . 40
Number who were educated in academies or seminaries, 58
Number who are graduates of colleges, 3
We do not have the data at hand to compare these figures with
those of former years. We are, however, highly gratified at the large
number of teachers and other students who, desiring a higher educa-
tion than that afforded by the common schools, are, at the present
writing, in attendance at our State Normal schools, at the New
Bloomfield Academy, and at several private schools in different sec-
tions of the county. Such students number two hundred and fifty,
of whom fifty are at State Normal schools, and seventy-five at the
New Bloomfield Academy.
^ Our oldest educational institution, the New Bloomfield Academy,
has during the past year taken upon itself a new lease of life. Pub-
No. 6. PIKE COUNTY. 105
lie spirited citizens, having formed a company and obtained a char-
ter of incorporation, purchased the property and spent fifteen thou-
sand dollars on new buildings and other improvements. With in-
creased facilities, and an able faculty of six instructors at the head
of which are Prof. Geo. B. Roddy, A. M. (Princeton) and Rev. J.
Thomas Fox, A. M. (F. & M.), and with a board of regents composed
of prominent citizens from almost every district of the county, the
institution deserves and is gradually securing an increase of at-
tendance greater than it has enjoyed for many years.
PIKE COUNTY— Lucian Westbrook.
We regret to report that the results of the school work for the
past year have not been satisfactory owing to the depletion of at-
tendance by the enforcement of the vaccination law. In some dis-
tricts the law was complied with, affecting the attendance but
little, while in others as high as 80 per cent, of the pupils were
refused admission to the schools. The majority of these were later
readmitted upon presentation of the proper certificate. However,
quite a large number remained out of school either a portion or the
whole of the term owing to the refusal of their parents to permit
them to be vaccinated. Since the State contributes so generously to
the support of the schools to the end that all children may receive
the essentials of an education that is to aid them to become useful
citizens, it seems a shame that they should be deprived of that privi-
lege which the school law grants to every child, the privilege of a
common school education. We are heartiiy in accord with our
worthy State Superintendent in his recommendation that "Either
vaccination should be made compulsory, or some provision should be
made by which education becomes possible in the case of children
whose parents will not permit them to be vaccinated."
We believe that our corps of teachers for the past year was the
best we have ever had. We do not mean to convey the impression
that all were models of excellence because they were not. Indeed,
some were failures, but on the whole, taking all things into consid-
eration, we believe their work will compare with that of other
teachers in similar sections of the State. But while the character
of their work is so gratifying, we feel that the professional quali-
fications of many of them could be considerably improved.
The majority of diitCiOrs comprising the various school boards
are representative men, eager to improve school conditions in their
106 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
respective districts and public spirited enough not to let their
personal feelings influence them in the discharge of their duties.
There are still a few who seek and obtain the office of school director
for the purpose of securing a position as teacher for a daughter or
a friend, often rejecting a more experienced or a better qualified
teacher, thus sacrificing the best interests of the schools. However,
we rejoice that the people are taking a more lively interest in educa-
tional matters and are demanding that the best men available be
(Elected to the ofiice of school director.
Before the opening of the term Milford indepeudent district thor-
oughly remodeled the building at Shocapee, placing therein new
furniture and slate blackboards. Blooming Grove built new out-
buildings which example some other districts would do well to fol-
low as the outbuildings connected with some of the schools are a
disgrace to the communities and are corrupters of the morals of the
pupils.
School libraries were started in the Baisden and Rowland
schools in Lackawaxen district with 50 and 30 volumes respectively.
Many other teachers have worked faithfully, holding box socials
and entertainments and collecting money with which to make addi-
tions to libraries or to purchase flags or school bells.
Local institutes were held at Paupac, Lackawaxen, Matamoras
and Dingman's Ferry, all being well attended by interested patrons.
Papers replete with practical suggestions and showing much thought
in preparation ,/ere read by the teachers and fully discussed. Prof.
James M. Coughlin was with us at Paupac and gave two very able
addresses.
The county institute was held in Milford, October 30 to Novem-
ber 3. The instructors and lecturers were Professors James M.
Coughlin and John G. Scorer, Rev. E. M. Smead-and Mrs. Kathryn
St. John. Judging from the comments heard we may report it as
being up to the standard of any held in the past.
Our Directors' Association convened in Milford, December 4 and
5 with an attendance of forty-four, the largest in the history of
the association. Two timely addresses and a lecture were given
by Dr. J. P. Welsh. Directors entered heartily into the discussions,
and we believe more good has resulted from this one convention than
from both of the others held.
"Patrons' Day" was observed in the schools of the county Decem-
ber 22. Over 700 patrons visited the various schools on that day
thus encouraging both pupils and teachers to greater efforts, and
themselves being impressed with the character of the work being
done.
In conclusion, I wish to acknowledge the courtesies shown and
No. 6. POTTER COUNTY. 107
tlie advice given me by the Department, and the hearty co-operation
of directors, teachers, patrons and the public press in the educa-
tional affairs of the county, for which I am truly grateful.
POTTER COUNTY— Otis A. Kilbourn.
The work of our schools has been very much interrupted during
the past year by the enforcement of the vaccination law. During a
portion of the 3'ear the attendance in many schools was diminished
to less than one-half the total number enrolled, and in a number of
cases practically' all of the pupils had to be excluded, some of the
schools being closed and others continuing in session with an attend-
ance of from two to five or even less. With this exception we
have had a prosperous year. Our teachers show an increasing
enthusiasm and desire for professional advancement. Our county
sent more students to normal schools this spring than ever before.
A teacher who has not had any normal training is now the excep-
tion in this county rather than the rule.
Ten public examinations w^ere held during the year. In addition
to these several private or special examinations were held for the
accommodation of teachers who w^ere away attending school or
who for any reason were unable to be examined at the regular time.
Two hundred nineteen applicants were examined and fifty-seven
rejected. Eight holders of professional certificates were recom-
mended for permanent certificates and all passed the examination
very creditably. The eighth grade final examinations were held
on April 29, and thirty-five applicants passed and received the county
diploma.
With six exceptions all the schools of the county were visited
once during the year, many of them twice and a few of them three
times, the total number of visits made being two hundred sixty.
The annual county institute was held in Coudersport in October
and was as usual a. great success. The instructors were Dr. J.
George Becht, Clarion, Pa.; Dr. T. S. Lowden, Worcester, Mass.; Dr.
J. C, Willis, Lexington, Ky., and Prof. Thomas L. Gibson, Ebens
burg. Pa. Dr. E. H. Ashcraft, of Coudersport, county medical ex-
aminer, gave an excellent address on the subject of vaccination
and small-pox. A session of the institute was held on Friday after-
noon and an entertainment giyen Friday evening, making two more
sessions than we have ever had before. This new departure seemed
to meet the approval of a large majority of the teachers and nearly
all remained to the two extra sessions.
108 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
The County Directors' Association was held on October 19th and
20th. Sixty-six directors were in attendance representing nearly
every district in the county. The meeting was addressed by Dr.
T. S. Lowden, Dr. J. George Becht, and Dr. J. C. Willis.
The semi-annual session of the County Teachers' Association was
held at Galeton in March. Local institutes were held as usual in
different sections of the county.
The school board of Austin borough erected a new primary build-
ing to replace the one destroyed by fire last year. It is built of
concrete blocks and cost approximately $12,000. It is two stories
high and contains eight school rooms. Ample provision is made
for light and ventilation, the rooms are furnished with comfortable
seats and plenty of blackboard, and everything considered the build-
ing is one of the very best in the county.
The Hebron township school board have enlarged the building at
Coneville and put the school in charge of two teachers. The Eleven
Mile school in Oswayo township was divided in the same way. The
primary room of the Shinglehouse borough schools was furnished
with new single seats. One school in Pleasant Valley township
was also supplied with new furniture during the year.
SCHUYLKILL COUNTY— Livingston Seltzer.
This being my first year's work in the superintendency, it has been
a period of observation rather than direction. I have studied the
needs of our schools and am now better prepared to direct.
In some districts owing to a lack of interest on the part of parents
and directors, school sentiment is rather sluggish and the schools
are not what they should be. However the reports received from
school directors and friends of education lead me to be hopeful of
a general advancement of solid improvement in the near future.
We have many excellent teachers, men and women who are lead-
ing thousands of children in our county to become cultured and
useful citizens. It is equally true that we have many who teach
with no other view than for the salary. An effort should be made
to get rid of the latter class. Many of those holding provisional
certificates and getting the minimum salary are doing the best
work.
In the selection of teachers by school directors, one of the evils
is nepotism. Too often the politician's candidate displaces experi-
enced teachers. This is well enough, if the politician's candidate is
No. 6. SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 109
a better teacher, but in most cases of this kind his candidate is
by far the inferior. We hope the time is not far distant when the
peopki will awake to the enormity of the wrong and crush it by
selecting for school director, men who are interested in the welfare
of the children, and who will hold the good teacher as long as they
can.
Seven experienced teachers in a township of nearly a score of
teachers did not apply for re-appointment. Why? Upon inquiry
they told me that they could earn twice as much money by seeking
employment on the trolley cars. Teaching school seven months at
$35 a month, and conducting a trolley car twelve months at |50 a
month, make a difference at the end of the year of |3o5 in the latter's
favor.
No wonder, that many of our best teachers leave the profession.
Pay less for useless apparatus,* "blocks," etc., and add to the good
teacher's pay and you will be able to keep him. Your children will
get the benefit of the increased pay.
The lack of co-operation betw een the home and the school is often
very detrimental to the advancement of the school. These two
forces should be united and a resultant of higher citizenship would
be the consequence. The indifference of the public and the spirit
of open fault finding should be supplanted by hearty co-operation
and recognition of honest effort.
The training of the home, if it is good, and the school should be
parallel. The teacher needs the sympathy, esteem and confidence
of parents and children. Failures are often due to a lack of under-
standing between the teacher and the parents.
Five new school houses were built during the year. Several
houses were enlarged so as to have an additional room. In various
places buildings w^ere repaired.
There are in various parts of the county at least 30 houses that
should be replaced by new ones. A number of districts should have
additional rooms. In several districts I found as many as 142 pupils
in one small room. The primary schools of McAdoo, Tower City,
Palo Alto, Port Carbon, Frackville, West Mahanoy and Rahn have
entirely too many pupils for one teacher. Most of these contem-
plate building additional rooms.
The twenty-fifth annual meeting of the directors was held in
Union Hall, Pottsville, Tuesday, January 30th. There were present
352 members. It was the largest and most enthusiastic meeting ever
held. Superintendents Coughlin and McGinnes, and two of our
directors, F. V. Filbert, Esq., and Harper T. Bressler, addressed the
meeting.
The annual county institute, which was held in Mahanoy City,
110 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
December 18-22, was a pronounced success; 862 teachers were in
attendance.
Our instructors were William W. Parsons, president Indiana State
Normal School, Terre Haute, Indiana; Prof. John G. Scorer, Phila-
delphia; Supt. James M. Coughlin, Wilkes-Barre; Miss Louise Con-
nolly, Newark, New Jersey; Dr. A. C. Rothermel, Kutztown; Dr.
G. M. Philips, West Chester; Dr. E. O. Lyte, Millersville, and Prof.
George C. Young, of Kutztown, musical director.
The instruction was practical and helpful and was of a high order
of merit. The attention given to the instructors and the order were
good from the beginning to the end.
The method of recording the attendance of teachers at the insti-
tute is worthy of special mention in this connection. For the first
time the "Honor System" was introduced. This plan, which is
cordially approved and recommended, will be continued.
The newspapers of the county are a helpful agency in diffusing
knowledge and are doing much to promote a growing sentiment in
favor of education. Much good can be accomplished by the timely
and valuable assistance of the press in emphasizing the great im-
portance of the public schools.
In conclusion, I publicly thank the Department of Public Instruc-
tion, the press of the county, the directors, the ex-superintendents,
the teachers and the patrons for the helpful assistance they have
rendered in advancing that which is of inestimable value to the
prosperity and welfare of our people — the cause of education.
SNYDER COUNTY— George W. Walborn.
In submitting this, my fourth annual report of the public schools
of Snyder county, I have nothing new or unusual to report.
Professional zeal and steady improvement was manifest in the
majority of the schools during the year just closed; but several
of the teachers employed didn't seem to be interested in their work
beyond that of putting in time and drawing their salaries; and
consequently their schools made little if any improvement.
In conducting my visits to the schools, I grade every teacher
visited on five points which I consider vital elements of a good
school. The average of these grades forms the basis upon which
I mark the teacher in the item called "Practice" on the certificate
granted at the examination following the school term, and I mark
this in such a way as to make the teacher's practice count for one-
No. 6. SNYDER COUNTY. Ill
half of the value of his certificate. This enables me to get rid of
such teachers who have a fair knowledge of the branches but who
lack professional enthusiasm and interest in the welfare of their
pupils.
Eighteen public examinations were held.
One hundred and thirty-three applicants were examined of which
number fifty-one were rejected.
A number of our teachers have been holding professional certifi-
cates for many years, some of these were among our best teachers,
but others depended entirely upon their certificates for their tenure
of office and became less efficient year after year; hence this year
I requested all persons holding professional certificates for three
years or more, either to take the examination for permanent certifi-
cates or to appear before me to take examinations for new profes-
sionals. The result of this examination was that a number failed
even to pass the examination for a provisional certificate.
The county institute was held in the court house at Middleburg
during the week of December 4th.
One hundred and twenty-five teachers were present. The only
one absent had been excused from institute in order that she might
visit the primary schools in the city of Steelton, where she obtained
some new and valuable information with respect to primary work.
It is useless for us to say that our institute was a success, when
it is remembered that our dear friend, Deputy Supt. Houck was
with us during the whole week. Dr. Houck is certainly a great
favorite with our people.
The other instructors were Dr. T. S. Louden, of Worcester, Mass.;
Miss Maude Willis, of Lock Haven; Dr. J. I. Woodruff, of Selins-
grove, and Prof. Witmer, of New Berlin.
The lecturers and entertainers for the evening sessions were: Dr.
T. S. Louden, Dr. Henry Houck, Miss Maude Willis, the Odeon Male
Quartette, supported by Miss Nettie Jackson, an elocutionist, and
Dr. Mattison Wilber Chase, of Chicago.
The directors of the county met in their third annual convention,
in a two day session in the month of January. The day sessions were
devoted to interesting and profitable discussions by the directors
and in the evening they were addressed by the Hon.-^Wm. N. Collins.
A greater number of the directors were present at this convention
than at any i>revious session, and the benefits of the convention
have already been felt in our schools.
Joint teachers' institutes were held at Eichfield, Beavertown,
Paxtonville, Fremont, Port Trevorton, Shamokin Dam and New Ber-
lin. These institutes are productive of much good, for here it is
that teachers, pupils and patrons meet together and learn to under-
stand and appreciate one anothers interest all the better.
112 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc
[n coiielusiou I wish to thank the Department of Public Instruc-
tion, the teachers and patrons of the county, and the public press
for the willing and valuable assistance they have given me in keep-
ing up a steady wholesome growth of our public schools.
SOMERSET COUNTY— D. W. Seibert.
After a careful examination of the past year's work we take
pleasure in reporting commendable progress.
The greatest hindrance to successful work in our schools has
been the opposition to the vaccination of children. The recent
court decisions on the compulsory school law offer a relief to that
class of parents and others who have control of children and wish
to evade their legal duty. Attendance in our public schools is too
largely regulated by the convenience of parents. It is a very difficult
matter to bring children to school when there is a sentiment of
evasion and opposition at home. Schools are sustained for the pur-
pose of educating all the children of the different districts and the
law also directs that they shall attend but patrons do not realize
that much unprofitable expenditure is incurred when the children
are not in school. The injury is not only inflicted upon those who are
irregular but also upon those who attend regularly. The natural
advance of the whole school is greatly retarded by the re-appearance
of those who stay away much of the time forgetting at home what
they have learned at school. Instruction at home is sometimes made
a shield for practically no instruction.
Notwithstanding the undesirable conditions we believe that the
public schools of the county were never so effective as they are now.
Thoroughness and discipline have supplanted the haphazard method
of pouring in unsystematic instruction. The training of teachers
is given more attention and the demand is becoming more nearly
universal, that they shall grow intellectuallj^, morally and in the
art of teaching. Text books that meet the wants of the school are
procured. In the erection of buildings it is no longer considered a
waste of money to consult an architect nor to have the houses fur-
nished with modern equipments throughout. The number of people
who believe that the education of the children is the most important
of all business is becoming larger.
We held nineteen teachers' examinations in different parts of the
county. Five hundred eighty-three were examined, of this number
No. 6. SOMERSET COUNTY. 113
four hundred sixteen were granted provisional certificates, eighteen
professional and one hundred forty-nine applicants rejected.
It is vitally important that we should have the best teachers
that can be obtained, and in many instances our citizens have been
putting forth every effort to bring about this result. There are
some places, however, where they do not properly appreciate the
value of good teachers and have signified this fact in the manner in
which they have compensated them. While the salaries 0/ teachers
have been increased we are still unfortunately a long way off from
properly recognizing the value of good teachers. When we awake
fully to the situation -there will be no shortage of good teachers
for the profession because the compensation offered to those com-
perent will be sufficient to secure the best material in abundance.
In the rural schools especially do we need every inducement that
will aid them in keeping pace with the graded schools of the towns.
We have many earnest and faithful teachers in the rural schools but
they remain only a short time, until they are called to the towns and
cities. The country districts need w^ages that will justify young peo-
ple to enter the profession and remain in it, so that their schools
will not simply be training places for city teachers.
The teachers as a whole have done excellent work during the year.
They have been energetic in maintaining local institutes and all
organizations that aid in the improvement of the schools. However,
we have some w^ho are careless and seem to have reached the height
of their ambition in teaching. Many of these formerly were success-
ful but they have ceased to be students. We have some who need
more general information and skill in conducting recitations.
The examinations for pupils in the common schools were held
March 31st. One hundred and twenty applicants presented them-
selves for examination. Of this number ninety made averages en-
titling them to diplomas.
The annual county teachers' institute was held at Somerset, No-
vember 23 to 27, 1905. Only two teachers of the county were absent.
The interest and attention of the teachers were most gratifying.
Both instructors and lecturers were of the highest order. We had
with us Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer, State Superintendent of Public
Instruction, Dr. W. N. Ferris, Dr. F. S. Fox, Mrs. Mary G. Noss,
Prof. O. H. Yetter, Kev. Sam. P. Jones, Hamlin Garland, Lou J.
Beauchamp and Rouey's Boys Concert Company.
The directors met in their annual convention in the temporary
court house at Somerset, February 21st and 22d. The attendance
should have been larger but the discussions were most inspiring and
helpful to all who attended. Ex-County Supt. W. W. Ulerich
8—6—1906
114 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
delivered two addresses and Prof. Johu G. Scorer a lecture. Every
director should have the benefit of these meetings.
Ten new school houses were erected during the year. The build-
ing at Somerset is a handsome two story brick structure. It contains
spacious halls, eight large class rooms, two teachers' rooms and a
library. The directors sought the latest and best educational ideas
in furnishing and equipping the building.
Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer was present and delivered a masterly
address at the dedicatory exercises which were held May 15th.
Over five hundred volumes have been added to the libraries of the
schools of the county during the year. The Somerset schools have a
library of more than eleven hundred volumes.
In conclusion I wish to express my indebtedness to the Depart-
ment of Public Instruction, the directors, teachers, citizens and the
county press.
SULLIVAN COUNTY— J. E. Reese Killgore.
The work of the public schools of Sullivan county during the past
year has been very gratifying. While the year has presented un-
usual difficulties, yet we feel that in spite of the discouragements
the work has been well done.
The Summer Normal, instructed by Profs. S. D. Molyneux, D. M.
Flick and T. V. Kelly, was unusually successful. A large number of
teachers, active and prospective, attended the school and manifested
commendable interest in the work. This school has performed a
most excellent service in the past. Much of the success our schools
have attained is attributable to the inspiration it imparts.
The township high school established at Sonestown, Davidson
township, graduated a class of two young ladies. It was my privi-
lege to examine the class and I was more than pleased with the
evidence I received of the faithfulness with which their work had
been done. Other districts are considering the advisability of estab-
lishing township high schools and I hope to be able to report next
year that this action has been taken.
Dushore borough has added two j^ears to the high school course.
No public high school to-day presents better advantages.
The county institute was held in Dushore during the week of
January 1st. Dr. C. C. Ellis, Dr. J. G. Becht, Miss Mary Brevard
Roberts, Supt. W. W. Evans and Prof. O. H. Yetter were the in-
structors. The evening sessions consisted of a lecture by Dr. Ellis,
a recital by Miss Roberts, a lecture by Rev. W. Quay Rosselle, and
No. 6. SULLIVAN COUNTY. 115
a musical recital by the New York Artists. One hundred one teach-
ers were enrolled. Four of the five absentees were unable to attend
because of illness. The institute was successful in every particular.
The instructors were helpful and by their earnestness and the prac-
tical character of their work made the sessions unusually inter-
esting.
Educational meetings were held monthly in different sections
of the county. The attendance at the meetings was remarkably
good, the average attendance of the teachers being six educational
meetings during the year. Mass meetings were held at central
points and were largely attended by teachers, directors and patrons.
All entered into the discussions of question of educational interest
making the meetings most interesting and helpful.
Hon. M. E. Hermann, Mr. G. T. Deegan and Dr. J. R. Davies repre-
sented the directors of the county at the Harrisburg convention
and presented interesting reports to the Sullivan County Directors'
Association which convened at Laporte, Wednesday, March 14, 1906.
The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: F. H. Ma-
gargle, president; F. Lusch and G. McDonald, vice presidents; H. L.
Molyneux, secretary; Richard May, treasurer. Prof. H. R. Henning,
C. F. Hunsinger, Prof. J. H. Ballentine, Dr. J. R. Davies, G. T. Dee-
gan, F. W. Meylert, Esq., Hon. T. J. Ingham and the county super-
intendent addressed the association. Hon. Emerson E. Collins, of
Williamsport, delivered an eloquent address during the afternoon
session. Dr. Davies and Misses Mary and Barbara Farrell and Mar-
jorie Killgore contributed to the program several musical selec-
tions. Two-thirds of the directors of the county were in attendance
and entered into the discussion of the various subjects considered.
This meeting was undoubtedly the most interesting and helpful
of its kind ever held in the county.
The Illinois course of study for common schools has been adopted
in every district in the county. The schools have been graded,
pupils have been classified and definite work has been outlined for
each grade. At the close of the first year of its adoption we are
more than ever convinced of the necessity of sj^stematizing the work
of the so-called ungraded schools. We expect the course of study
to very materially increase the efficiency of these schools.
The enforcement of the vaccination law has seriously affected the
attendance in some districts. This is true, however, in only three
districts. For the greater part the people have obeyed the law and
have not permitted it to interfere with the education of their chil-
dren. We feel that the law should be amended as in its present
form it places an unjust and unnecessary burden npon the teacher.
Cherry township and Laporte borough lost good school houses by
116 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. t>oc.
fire. New buildings are beiug erected aud will be ready for occu-
pancy by November 1.
Some districts are suffering from a lack of funds. Three dis-
tricts find it impossible to keep their schools open seven months.
ft seems to us unjust to deprive the boys and girls of these districts
of advantages which the children of more populuous and more pros-
perous districts enjoy. We think that the resolution, passed at
the meeting of the county superintendents at Harrisburg and recom-
mending legislation providing an additional appropriation of |50
per school in such districts, is a good one and should receive the
favorable attention of our legislators.
In concluding this report I desire to thank the public press for the
many kindnesses it has extended during the past year; the teachers
of the county, for the earnestness and faithfulness with which they
have labored to advance the educational interest intrusted to their
care; the directors for the co-operation and encouragement which
they have invariably extended; the general public for the many evi-
dences they have given of sympathy and appreciation; the State
Department for the many courtesies extended and the uniform
kindness which has characterized its attitude to me when in need
of advice and help.
SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY— Geo. A. Stearns.
In presenting this, our first report, it is with a feeling of regret
that we call attention to a seeming retrogressive movement.
Owing to the recent salary act, the close of the year 1905 saw
several of our districts in debt, and others with their usually small
balances entirely wiped out. As a result, nine of our districts, find-
ing thirteen mills insufficient, felt obliged to reduce their terms to
six months.
Some of these districts had, the year before, closed some of their
smaller schools; but public sentiment seemed to demand the re-open-
ing of them, thus entailing additional expense. ''What to do
with these small schools?" is the most pressing question now await-
ing a satisfactory solution.
About forty schools were kept open last year with an average
attendance of five or less. Teachers of experience and ability do
not care to engage such schools, and these pupils are usually in
charge of those without previous practice or special training.
Brooklyn and Herrick have each very successfully consolidated
their small schools by drawing the pupils to the villages and mak-
No. 6. StSQUiEHANNA COUNTY. Ill
iug tliem an integral part of their township high schools. Other
districts are coming to recognize the benefits and necessity of such
a system, and Auburn and Rush townships are already planning t^?
organize township high schools, with primary and grammar grades
connected.
They will thus be able to consolidate satisfactorily several of
their smaller ones.
The success or failure of this system depends first, upon the ability
of the teacher in the central school, and secondly, upon the equip-
ment of the conveyance and the character of the driver, where a con-
veyance is necessary. When people are assured of much better
educational advantages, and know that their children will receive
the proper comforts and attention on the road, they will not seriously
oppose the system.
About seventy-five students availed themselves of the high school
tuition act. The payment of these tuitions placed a new burden
upon many districts, and several, not being prepared to meet it, now
find themselves in debt in consequence. These obligations were
met, however, without opposition.
One district, Springville, organized a township high school this
year, and the outlook for it the coming year is encouraging.
The attempted enforcement of the vaccination law had a depre-
ciating effect on the eificiency of many of our schools. It has prac-
tically annulled the compulsory act, as those to whom the latter act
is especially applicable will not be vaccinated, or will refuse to
present their certificates if they have them. We thoroughly agree
with State Superintendent Schaeffer in his last report and sugges-
tions, and believe that a revision of the act is imperative. It has
certainly failed to produce the desired results in many parts of this
county, and has done much injury to the schools.
We have called attention to the dark side of the situation first;
there is a brighter side. We seem to be passing through a transi-
tionary period in school work. The salary act, the tuition act, and
incidentally the vaccination act, and the problem of the small rural
school — these are compelling us to face new conditions, and a little
time is required to make the re-adjustment. We have, however, a
strong, healthy educational sentiment in the county, and our ablest
people are giving their support and assistance in meeting the
changed conditions. The present is, we believe, better than the
past; but the future must be better than the now.
During the past year seven local teachers' meetings have been
held in the county after we had visited the schools around some
center.
These meetings were, as a rule, well attended. They were eon-
ducted in an informal way, and every teacher present took active
118 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
part, either by giving their own views and methods, or by asking
questions, and many expressed a wish to have them continued.
The Teachers' Association held two meetings as usual. Both
were well attended, and a marked degree of interest was manifest.
A principals' meeting was held in March, and a syllabus of work
outlined for graded schools upon which the superintendent's ex-
aminations of students will hereafter be based. They also recom-
mended the medium slant system of writing.
The County Institute was held at Montrose the week of October 16.
The following corps of instructors, largely of national reputation,
bespeaks for itself the excellent quality of the work done :
Dr. A. E. Winship, Boston; Dr. Ruric N. Roark, Worcester, Mass.;
Dr. Geo. M. Philips, West Chester, Pa.; Dr. A. T. Smith, Mansfield,
Pa., and Prof. H. B. Larrabee, of Keuka Park, N. Y. The attendance
was unusually large and the interest was sustained throughout.
The Directors' Association met the week of the Institute, and
was addressed by Dr. Winship, and Supt. Longstreet, of Tioga
county. The addresses of both were practical and appreciated.
Several directors presented subjects of live interest. The attendance
was the largest in the history of the association, and all were anxious
to know how to improve along educational lines. They recognize
the present hindrances to more efficient school work, and show a
determination to break away from them. We believe they will suc-
ceed.
We are appreciative of favors from the Department, from di-
rectors, and from the public in general.
TIOGA COUNTY— W. R. Longstreet.
While our progress during the past year has not been unprece-
dented, I feel that the educational interests of this county have
steadily advanced. With few exceptions, teachers have been active
and faithful. Pupils have shown the usual interest in their work,
and school officers have labored with marked zeal.
The thirty-eighth annual session of the Tioga County Teachers'
Institute was held at Wellsboro, October 30, to November 3. The
total enrollment comprising both teachers and students preparing
to teach numbered four hundred one (401). The following persons
constituted the corps of instructors: Drs. Chas, A. McMurry, S. Y.
Gillan, Andrew Thomas Smith, Supt. Chas. Lose and Prof. G. C.
Chaffee. The evening entertainers and lecturers were as follows:
Monday, Roney's Boys; Tuesday, Jacob A. Riis; Wednesday, Apollo
No. 6. TIOGA COUNTY. 119
Glee Club; Thursday, William Elliott Griffis. The instruction given
during the day was especially practical, and the evening course was
never more satisfactory.
The Directors' Association was held on Thursday of Institute
week. The attendance was the largest in the history of the asso-
ciation. An excellent program was provided, the following persons
delivering addresses: Dr. A. T. Smith, Supt. Chas. Lose, Prof. H. E.
Raesly, Howard F. Marsh, Esq., and Hon. Charles Tubbs. Unusual
interest was shown in all the discussions. We are confident that
our schools are being greatly benefited by these meetings, and, now
that the Legislature has provided so liberally for the expenses of
all directors who attend these meetings, it does seem that there
is no good reason why nearly every director in the county should
not be present.
There were two meetings of the Tioga County Teachers' Associa-
tion and fourteen local institutes held. On the whole the attendance
and work done at these gatherings were highly creditable.
We have continued our practice of granting certificates of award
to pupils who have a perfect record of attendance for the year —
and have now granted over 300 of these certificates, with a num-
ber of schools yet to hear from. It is gratifying to know how hard
many of our little friends have labored to secure these certificates.
I do not feel that I can report an entirely successful enforcement
of the vaccination law. In a number of districts there was little
or no opposition to it, while in others the opposition was so strong
teachers feared to enforce the law, believing that a strict enforce-
ment would reduce the attendance to the extent of closing the school.
One thing is certain that a strict enforcement of this law seriously
obstructs the enforcement of the compulsory law. If an improve-
ment in this law can be made or a remedy effected whereby the en-
forcement of these laws do not conflict, I sincerely hope that the next
Legislature will see that this is done.
A township high school has now been established at Arnot. A
course of study has been adopted and other steps taken to comply
fully with the law, and the district is now entitled to the extra ap-
propriation the grade of school demands. There are several other
districts that should follow.
The law allowing pupils living in districts having no high schools
to attend such a school in a nearby district at the expense of the
district in which they reside, has been undoubtedly the cause of
putting many young people in these schools, who otherwise never
would attend them. It is an encouragement for many deserving
to pursue an advanced course, who otherwise would be unable to do
so. Another result will be that it will increase the nuinber of town-
ship high schools.
10
120 I'UBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
A new four room brick sclioolhouse is uow in process of construc-
tion in Clymer towusliip at Sabinsville. This will supply a long feU,
need, and I trust, too, it will hasten the time when the schools of
that district will be centralized.
Our teachers have been alive to the value of good libraries to
the public schools, and, through their efforts, a large number of
schools have been provided with libraries. Also, many valuable ad-
ditions have been made to libraries already established.
During the year I have examined 354 applicants for teachers'
certificates, made 367 visits to schools, attended 18 educational
meetings besides the week of the annual institute, written over 2,000
official letters, and attended to other official duties too numerous to
mention in this report.
In conclusion I would thank all school officers, patrons, teachers
and pupils for the many courtesies received from them during the
past year, and would extend my thanks to all who have in any way
contributed to the advancement of the educational interests of this
county.
UNION COUNTY— D. P. Stapleton.
The school year has been marked with earnest and faithful effort
on the part of teachers and directors and hearty co-operation on
the part of patrons and the general public. Steady and continued
growth in interest and progress is manifest everywhere. Children
are more inclined to attend school as a matter of duty and eager-
ness for knowledge rather than that of compulsion.
The school houses are as a rule, of substantial structure and well
supplied with modern furniture. Because of the expected centrali-
zation of schools some boards hesitate to replace the worn out struc-
tures with the necessary modern houses.
There are still some grounds unimproved. Where grounds are
kept in proper condition the community can be looked upon as pro-
gressive, giving to their children an ethical training not often found
about dilapidated school houses and neglected grounds.
The community that does not see that the school grounds are im-
proved, neglects a duty it owes to public property and exemplary
youthful training. The well kept school house and grounds are
ornaments to any community, a measure of interest on the part of
parents, and a continued teacher to the young.
In these strenuous times of business the schools are feeling the
want of better trained teachers. Too many are using teaching as a
No. 6. UNION COUNTY. 121
stepping stone to more remunerating occupations. Teachers are
largely recruited from the ranks of recent high school graduates
with little training in the teacher's art.
With great labor on the part of the County Superintendent, and
because of the good judgment of teachers we had no failure of
teachers in the county this year.
Progress was the watch word, the child's good the object, and
success perched upon the banner of every teacher and school.
Each year adds largely to the list of public school graduates.
Common school graduation has been a great stimulus to pupils ad-
mission to high schools. Kelly township again was first in the
public graduating exercises with a class numbering ten ladies and
gentlemen. Lewis township and Hartley township high schools
held graduating exercises of a very high order, wath sixteen gradu-
ates. Lewisburg and Mifflinburg each had large graduating classes
and excellent exercises. Tw^enty-five common school, five grammar
school, thirty-five high school and fifteen township high school
graduates finished the several prescribed courses this year.
The several colleges, seminaries and academies were never better
patronized. Union Seminary, at New Berlin, under Profs. Witmer
and Xace, received new life and prepared an excellent class of
teachers. Bucknell University, with its Ladies Seminary and Acad-
emy, has had a very prosfjerous year. Two new and artistic build-
ings have been added, the Ladies College and the Carnegie Library.
Bucknell graduated more than one hundred young ladies and gentle-
men this year, from an attendance of eight hundred students.
The Van Gundy private school has met with success and is teach-
ing and training a number of Mexican youths.
Each district is organized and meets regularly for the improve-
ment of teachers, schools and community. This is a great source of
educational profit and interest in a district. The Union County
Teachers' Association continues its leadership in moulding senti-
ment along educational lines.
The County Institute w^as enthusiastic, instructive and well at-
tended. Among the instructors were Dr. C. E. Keber, of Clark
University; Supt. J. M. Coughlin, Wilkes-Barre; Dr. G. G. Groff,
Bucknell University; Prof. W. M. Witmer, Union Seminary; Prof.
I. D. Gresh, Milton, and Prof. Wilson, superintendent of Milton
schools. The Boynton Concert Company, Miss Maude Willis, the
Progressive Orchestra and the discussion of papers by teachers con-
tributed much to the success of the County Institute.
An interesting program was carried out at the Directors' Con
vention on January 17, Supt. J. M. Caughlin, Supt. D. P. Stapleton,
Rev. W. W. Clouser, director, Alfred Kaup, Dr. C. H. Dimm and
Prof. A. D. Miller were among the speakers of the day. The T)i-
122 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
rectors' Association is a necessary adjunct to the success of the
schools from which much good may be derived.
Each line of educational work has met with success during the
year. To our faithful teachers, earnest and judicious directors, an
intelligent public and a generous press must be given great credit.
VENANGO COUNTY— Dallas W. Armstrong.
We are glad to report that the schools of our county in general
have made reasonable progress during the last year. The educa-
tional sentiment is good. The teachers are improving every oppor-
tunity to better qualify themselves for their work. The school
officers and the majority of the citizens have confidence in our pub-
lic school system, and all are trying to make it reach its greatest
efficiency. This interest and this effort are giving our county better
schools.
There were 241 teachers employed in the county this year. Of
this number 70 were male teachers, 171 were female teachers; 41
had graduated from a State Normal school; 88 had attended a State
Normal school but had not graduated; 24 had graduated from col-
lege; 14 had graduated from an academy or a seminary; 74 were
educated in the common schools only; 31 had had no previous ex-
perience in teaching; 81 had had more than five years' experience in
teaching; 129 had had previous experience in teaching but less than
five years; 109 held provisional certificates; 50 held professional cer-
tificates; 43 held permanent certificates; 41 held Normal school di-
plomas.
On account of not accepting any marks from, any previous ex-
amination or from any school whatever, it was necessary to give
four special examinations for teachers' certificates during the year.
There were eighteen public examinations given for teachers' certi-
ficates. In all there were 257 applicants for certificates. Of this
number 160 were granted provisional certificates; no professional
certificates were granted; 97 teachers, or 37.74 per cent, of those
entering the classes, were refused certificates. This percentage of
failures is high, but our schools, have need of thoroughly prepared
teachers only. This guarding more strictly of the entrance to the
profession of teachiug is giving us better schools.
. There were 124 pupils passed the examination successfully for
''eighth grade" diplomas this year. Theva were about 75 students
graduated from our borough and our township high schools this
No. 6. VENANGO COUNTY. 123
year. The high school law of 1905 causes a great deal of discus-
sion among our school authorities; there is much difference in the
construction put upon this law in several of its essential points. As
a whole, this law is having a wholesome effect upon high school work
in the county.
The vaccination law has caused all concerned with our schools
much trouble. The misunderstanding that has arisen in some cases
has prevented the re-election of both good teachers and good di-
rectors. The law is being obeyed, but there is prevalent opinion
that there should be other provision made for its enforcement, for
as it is, it seriously interferes with the proper administration of
other important phases of public school work.
In order to secure a better interest among the patrons of our
schools, and to induce them to visit their schools and to become ac-
quainted first-hand with the work done, a day known as Patrons'
Day was named for the schools of the county. The work for a part
of this day was regular, and for a part of it there was a specially
prepared program; written invitations in many cases were sent out;
these invitations were usually written by the pupils. There were
in the schools of the county on this day 1,372 parents and patrons.
The teachers feel paid for their effort in this matter.
During the month of September the Venango County Bar Associa-
tion celebrated the centennial of the founding of the courts of this
county. The whole proceedings were of educational interest. Sep-
tember 14 was given to the public schools and their work. In the
parade on that day there were about two thousand children in line.
The results produced on this occasion will affect the county schools
very favorably and permanently.
The third annual meeting of the Venango County Directors' Asso-
ciation was held in the court house at Franklin on December 7.
There were a greater number of directors present than there had
been at any previous meeting. All took part and interest in the
questions up for discussion, and no doubt gained some information
that will help them materially with much of their difficult work.
The proceedings of this meeting were published in full in pamphlet
form and mailed to every director and every teacher in the county.
This plan has a good effect in emphasizing the importance of this
association. Many of the patrons of the schools write for a copy
of this pamphlet. Space will not permit the giving the organiza-
tion and the program in detail, but we can say that it was good
and that this association is one of the strongest educational factors
in our State.
There were thirteen local institutes in the county last year. There
was a total of 2G8 teachers and 55 directors at these meetings, or an
average of 20 teachers and 4 directors at each one. This is above
134 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
the usual attendance of school officers. At each meeting there
were also many parents and friends of education present. In order
to secure this attendance, each teacher and each director was noti-
fied by letter of the time and place of the meeting for his respec-
tive district. To obviate the necessity of this extra work and ex-
pense, there has been a permanent schedule of dates and places for
these institutes made out. There was an accurate list of the names
of the teachers and the directors attending the local institutes this
year kept and printed. This list was mailed to each school director
of the county; our directors are anxious to secure teachers that are
really interested in educational work, and this list of names fur-
nishes them some valuable information along this line. The local
institute is also one of our strongest educational factors.
Our county institute was held the first week in January in the
court house at Franklin. By unanimous consent it goes on record
as one of the very best that has ever been held in Venango county.
There were many patrons from every part of the county that at-
tended the institute the entire week. The attendance and the at-
tention of the teachers were excellent. We already see great re-
sults from this institute. The day instructors were as follows:
Dr. Henry Houck, Dr. O. T. Corson, Supt. J. M. Coughlin, Hamlin E.
Cogswell. The evening entertainers were as follows: Dr. Henry
Houck; Russell H. Conwell, Isabel Garghill Beecher and the ''Boston
Stars."
In closing this report, I wish to thank the teachers, the directors
and all those interested in public school work for their interest,
help and support; also the Department of Public Instruction for
its assistance and advice in matters pertaining to the work of this
office.
WARBEN COUNTY— O. J. Gunning.
During the past year the schools of Warren county have made
substantial progress, the vaccination problem has been the great-
est hindrance, many schools being practically ruined by an effort
of the teachers to enforce the law, some school boards being openly
opposed, in nearly all instances where the directors loj^ally sup-
port the Department of Health, in their efforts to protect against
small-pox, the patrons accept the situation and the success of the
school is not hnmpored by the indecision of the patrons.
The fear of bad results following vaccination (which deters some
people), seems groundless, as far as our experience is concerned,
No. 6 WARREN COUNTY. 125
several hundred children were successfully vaccinated last year, in
our county, the most serious cases keeping the children from school
but a few days. Laying aside the matter of protection, this trifling
indisposition is no sound reason why the opportunities of school
life should be sacrificed.
The school buildings started last year in Clarendon and Youugs-
ville, have been completed. Warren has added four fine rooms to
her facilities, by remodeling the old Central school building. This
expenditure of some six thousand dollars, added a building to the
school valuation worth at least, three times as much. Brokenstraw
and Pine Grove districts have also each added a one-room struc-
ture, that of Brokenstraw township is of brick. Ground has been
broken in Farmington township for a new four-room house destined
for a township high school, this building will be made of cement
and brick. From the outlook, the new school year will find in opera-
tion, fifteen high schools, eleven of which will be township high
schools. The township high school idea, is very popular with our
populous districts, as it affords opportunities for an advanced educa-
tion, while it presents no tendenc}'^ to wean the child from the home
life on the farm.
Three hundred and twelve schools have been in operation during
the last year, of the teachers one hundred and forty-eight held pro-
visional certificates, forty-six held professional certificates, forty-
eight held permanent certificates while sixty-nine held Normal di-
plomas.
The teaching force of the county included forty-one males and
two hundred and seventy female teachers, of these fifty-four were
without previous experience while one hundred and sixtA-four had
taught five years or more.
The Indian school has experienced a prosperous term under the
supervision of Miss Estella Noyes, this school recently received
from the Jury of Awards, a fine bronze medal, for the excellency
of their display in the educational department of the exposition
at Saint Louis.
Twelve educational meetings were held during the year among
which we wish to mention the Teachers' Annual Institute and the
annual meeting of the school directors of the county.
The Teachers' Institute convened at Warren on December 18,
and remained in session five days, eflScient service was rendered
during this meeting — as instructors, by Dr. Andrew Thomas Smith,
of the Mansfield State Normal; Dr. J. Geo. Becht, of the Clarion
Normal; Prof. F. C. Lock wood, of Allegheny College; Prof. W. L.
MacGowan, of The Warren High School, and Prof. J. A. Cooper
formerly of the Ediuboro Normal. The evening sessions were ad-
dressed by Capt. Richmond P. Hobson and Prof. John B. DeMotte.
126 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Prof. J, A. Sprenkel, of New Cumberland had charge of the music.
The meeting was one of our best, and largely attended.
A series of local institutes were held throughout the county prov-
ing the means of much help to the districts where held.
In April fifty diplomas were granted to the successful candi-
dates in the district course examinations, at the same time twenty-
one diplomas were granted to those who passed the county high
school uniform examination.
For the success of the past year we wish to thank the teachers,
the directors and the Department at Harrisburg for their earnest
co-operation.
WASHINGTON COUNTY— Frank R. Hall.
We have carefully taken a retrospection of the schools of 1905-
1906, and feel safe in saying the work done during the year has re-
ceived general commendation. We have many good, earnest
teachers that work for the benefit of the schools and the advance-
ment of the children. They know you can't work upon wood, stone,
or iron without sharpened tools, neither can you work upon the
human mind without scholastic tools, keenly sharpened by special
effort. These teachers are always in demand at good wages.
The year began with examinations for teachers. Twelve were
given at different points in the county. Four hundred and fifty-
nine candidates presented themselves. Of this number two hun-
dred and eighty-nine received provisional, fifteen professional, and
one hundred and fifty-seven failed. Of those that failed some had
taught, but failed to adA^ance in the work and consequently dropped
out of the way. Some had been flattered into the belief that they
were ready to teach. These were surprised, disappointed, grieved.
They felt wronged but did not know where to charge their wrongs
or lay the cause of their failure.
We are aiming universally in the county for better teachers. The
standard of excellency has been raised. Directors do not hesitate
in turning aside a teacher they have tried and found wanting. They
have placed a premium on success and it is telling for good. As a
result of this our schools are advancing.
Of the 694 teachers, 151 were male and 543 females. Of the whole
number 90 had no previous experience, 238 five years or more, 325
had provisional certificates, 47 professionals, 126 permanent and
193 Normal diplomas. Thirty-two were college graduates.
When we began the work of the superintendency in 1896, there
were 456 schools; now there are 671, an increase in 10 years of 215.
No. 6. WASHINGTON COUNTY. 127
This growth is the result of prosperity, the demand for laborers,
the influx of population, the building of new towns and the enlarge-
ment of the old, all adding to the school population, thus increas-
ing the number of schools within our county.
The new buildings that have gone up are modern in structure,
are well equipped with seats and teaching appliances, and most of
them heated with hot air or gas stoves. We have but few poor
houses in the county. By the enlargement of school facilities and
the proper distribution of the new houses, almost every child is
conveniently situated, enlarging thereby his chances for an educa-
tion. Twenty-one new houses were occupied for the first time last
fall; the most expensive costing |60,000 and the least expensive
costing about |2,000.
When we consider the money that is put into our schools and
make a comparison of the different items of cost, it comes to us
that the teachers get but a small part of the amount expended.
Consequently the weakest part of the whole system is the teaching
force. The money put in grounds, buildings, and necessary equip-
ments is legitimate and right, but the standard for the privilege of
teaching should be raised. Nothing less than a Normal, academic
or college education should admit one to the profession of teaching.
To induce young people to enter into the work, pay them the equiva-
lent of other fields of labor, or other professions.
When girls can get from |10 to |15 per week for office work fifty-
two weeks in the year, they will not teach for |10 or |12 a week and
only twenty-eight weeks of the year.
The Principals' Round Table was active in many good works. By
the union the schools became better known. The work of each in-
dividual was given for the benefit of all. Schools were visited and
a course of pedagogical reading under the direction of the prin-
cipals was adopted and proved highly beneficial to the teachers.
The rural schools were classified or grouped and each group placed
under the care of one or two principals. The teachers of the sepa-
rate groups met with the principals, talked over school work, and
arranged for local institutes. The principals entered into the work
of these institutes adding much to their interest and profit. It was
a delightful hit for the rural schools.
A course of reading was recommended to the teachers with the
privilege of selecting to suit individual wants. "Common Sense
Didactics" was the one book selected for the public examinations.
Roark's Pyschology in Education, James's Talks to Teachers on
Pyschology, Wilson's Pedagogues and Parents, Sabin's Common
Sense Didactics, Roosevelt's Oliver Cromwell and Nebelungen Leib.
World's Events. The Pathfinder.
Primary Education, American Primary Teacher.
Teacher^s Magazine, Popular Educator, Journal of Education,
128 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
School News, Pennsylvauia School Journal,
School Journal and Penman's Art Journal.
The county institute came up to our expectations. We made pro-
vision for success and we were not disappointed. The instructors
were: Dr. K C. Schaeffer, Dr. W. N. Ferris, Dr. Henry R. Patten-
gill, Dr. Ruric N. Roark, Dr. Theo. B. Noss and Dr. George W. Ger-
wig. Our music director was Prof. Charles S. Cornell, California.
The entertainers were:
The Prize Singers, Pittsburg.
Roland Dwight Grant, Vancouver, B. C.
Dr. Morgan Wood, Cleveland, Ohio.
Lenora Jackson Company, New York.
William Hawley Smith.
Our teachers attended promptly every session and went home
strong for their work.
Each year the Director's Convention grows more and more in-
teresting. We have, as a class, directors in W^ashington county
that have the interest and success of the schools at heart. In some
districts they are more progressive than the teachers. They pro-
vide every want that is necessary, with high hopes of fine schools.
'Tis sad to say, sometimes they are disappointed.
The attendance at the convention was large. The discussions
were free and instructive. During the afternoon of the second
day they attended and occupied the center block of seats at the
Teacher's Institute. They were addressed by Dr. W. N. Ferris, "Care
and Culture of the Teacher," and Dr. T. B. Noss, "The Director and
His Work." There is no part of the county institute that leaves
more lasting impressions than the mingling of teachers and di-
rectors. It adds dignity to the work and stimulates to greater ac-
tivity.
Our high schools are in a flourishing condition. So far as we can
see they are here to stay. Last year Morris, Robinson and North
Strabane townships, each established a high school, making a total
of eight in the county. Three of the schools, Cecil, Cross Creek,
and Mt. Pleasant have two teachers. Five had classes that finished
the three years' course. The principals, with one exception, were
college graduates. The graduating classes and commencements
have awakened considerable ambition among the young people to
be counted among the aspirants for high school honors. The out-
look for the coming year is superfine. The stand our directors have
taken in opening up these opportunities for a better education is one
of the encouraging signs of the future. There is a great work for
the high school to do.
Our needs are:
A higher general qualification for teachers.
The minimum term eight months.
No. 6. WAYNE COUNTY. 129
Five, or seven directors instead of six.
A pension for teachers having spent 30 years in school work.
The school appropriation increased to seven and one-half millions.
A course of study prepared by the State Superintendent. The
course to begin with the primary work and include the high school.
Provisions made for an assistant superintendent in large counties.
The demand for higher grade teachers, the many visits by di-
rectors to the schools, the general attention given to cleaning and
beautifying the school rooms and grounds, the interest taken in our
schools by children, patrons, directors and friends, are hopeful signs
for the future advancement of our schools.
We are sincerely thankful to the Department for counsel and
advice; to the county press for the many courtesies and assistance
in the furtherance of the cause of education; to the directors,
teachers and patrons for their hospitality and co-operation accorded
us in our work and efforts in the interest of the schools for the en-
tire year.
We hope prosperity and progress will continue with the schools
throughout the coming year.
WAYNE COUNTY— David L. Hower.
It is exceedingly gratifying to report another school year of
progress and good work. There has been a gradual improvement
along nearly all lines. Many of our teachers have manifested
greater earnestness in their work, have made a more systematic
study of advanced methods of teaching, attended more teachers'
meetings and passed better examinations. Educational conditions
are steadily improving, and many of the teachers who were satis-
fied with doing indifferent work have been aroused to better efforts,
while others were dropped from the profession because of their
self-satisfied, inanimate teaching. Most of the young teachers did
good work. They come better prepared, have a broader knowledge
of things, and a higher idea of the requirements of the real teacher.
School officers generally have been anxious to faithfully perform
their duties. "Fewer changes have been made, and in many instances
the strong work of the teacher has been recognized by an increase
in salary. But we need still more well equipped teachers, better
school buildings, more energetic directors who will visit the schools
and thus get a knowledge of the inner working of the schools under
their supervision instead of being governed by the mere talk of the
9_6_1906
130 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
neighborhood. One great problem is what to do with the small
rural schools. I have visited a number of schools with from three
to eight present, and but few more enrolled. Surely this is expen-
sive for the taxpayer, and a waste of much energy on the part of
the teacher. Directors are indifferent in regard to the closing of
many of these schools, apparently afraid of public sentiment. In
Buckingham township a number of these small schools were closed
and pupils carried to a graded school at public expense. In a few
other districts the school house was moved to accommodate the
children of several schools. This is a serious problem in Wayne
county.
Our annual institute was held at Honesdale, November 13 to 17,
and was pronounced by all the best ever held in the county. The
instructors were Dr. N. C. Schaeffer, Dr. S. D. Fess, Dr. W. W.
Stetson and Prof. John T. Watkins. The evening entertainments
were given by Dr. Fess, Miss Eleanor Sears Kimble, Hon. L. I. Handy
and Roney's Boys' Concert Co.
The tenth meeting of the Directors' Association was held Novem-
ber 17 and 18. The meeting was one of the best ever held in the
county. A number of directors gave strong talks, while the ad-
dresses given by ex-Supt. H. B. Larrabee, of Keuka College, N. Y.,
and Dr. N. C. Schaeffer, were especially instructive and helpful.
Eighty-two directors were in attendance and all but five districts
were represented.
The local and district institute were well attended, forcefully con-
ducted and generally helpful and suggestive. The two meetings of
the county teachers' association at White Mills and Honesdale were
noted for the large attendance of wide-awake, progressive teachers
and excellent discussions.
Many schools observed arbor day and practically all the teachers
held special exercises on patrons' day. Several thousand patrons
enjoyed the class drills and special work and the school and the
home were brought into closer fellowship.
The nine township high schools in the county did the best work
in their history during the past year. Buckingham built a new sub-
statial three roomed building. Strong classes were graduated in
Mt. Pleasant, Damascus, Preston, Dreher, Lake, Lehigh and Clinton
townships. More and more do we realize the effectiveness of these
schools, and the wisdom of their organization and maintenar.ce.
Some trouble was caused because of several districts refusing to
pay tuition for pupils attending high schools in other districts. The
vaccination law occasioned more difficulty throughout the county
than any other school matter for years. In many districts the
law Avas universally obeyed, while in some schools nothing was done,
the school directors often being the most rigorous opposers.
No. 6. WESTMORELAND COUNTY. 131
The two examinations for rural schools were given in December
and March, and better results are shown at each examination. Sev-
enty-four common school diplomas were issued. Of the two hundred
thirty-four applicants examined for licenses to teach, 73 per cent,
received certificates. Much good work was done, especially in
theory. The weakness was chiefly in grammar, arithmetic, history,
civics and algebra.
The course of study has been enlarged in several of our township
high schools and at Seelyville, and new high schools were organized
in Buckingham and Texas townships. All the high schools in the
county continue to do efficient work, and all graduated classes, the
one at Honesdale graduating a class of twenty-four, the largest in
the history of the school. The attendance at the high schools has
been larger than ever, and their gradual growth is a source of great
gratification. Twelve years ago the Hawley high school had an
enrollment of eighteen, while this year there was an enrollment of
forty-three. Much of this increased popularity and efficiency is due
to the energetic work of the principal, Prof. Mark Creasy.
Taking all things into consideration the educational interests in
the county are in good condition, the future prospects are bright,
and with the energetic co-operation of all our educational forces a
much higher ideal can be reached.
WESTMOKELAND COUNTY— K. C. Shaw.
The schools of our county have had a very successful year. Great
interest has been shown by directors, patrons and teachers to ad-
vance the cause of education and give to the boys and girls of the
county all the advantages possible. Progress has been made along
almost all lines. In many of our districts a great deal of attention
has been given to the beautifying of school houses and grounds.
This is especially true of Rostraver and Mt. Pleasant townships.
We hope to create an interest in many other districts along this
same line. We believe that our schools should be just as attractive
as our homes, and indeed they must be in order to keep our pupils
in the school. Boys and girls as well as men and women go where
the environments are most conducive to happiness.
More than one-half of our townships held township institutes regu-
larly. In most of these great interest was taken. The teachers
were addressed by educators of experience and by those interested
in education. The teachers were helped by coming in contact with
132 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
and having the association of those interested in the same work.
These meetings go far toward creating an educational enthusiam
throughout the country districts.
A number of school houses were built and well equipped for work.
Mt. Pleasant township erected a high school building. It is a beau-
tiful brick building and well arranged for high school work.
Allegheny township is starting a high school, making three town-
ship high schools in our county. I believe that more will be organ-
ized soon.
For the most part our teachers did very good work. They fully
realize the importance of their work and do their best to perform
their duty. We have in our county 826 teachers, 172 males and 654
females. A large number of these have made special preparation
for their work and we are glad to know that a great many spend
most of their summer vacation fitting themselves for their next
year's work. Chautauqua, New York, and Ebensburg, Pa., are well
attended by our teachers.
Our institute was pronounced by all one of the best ever held
in the county. The instructors were among the best. Our enter-
tainments were of a very high order. We had an enrollment of
884 teachers. The honor system was used. The teachers were
punctual and very attentive. The following instructors were pres-
ent: Jonathan Eigdon, R. G. Boone, J. C. Willis, G. M. Philips, S. B.
McCormick, D. J. Waller, Theo. B. Noss, A. J. Gantvoort.
The evening entertainments consisted of the following: Russel
H. Conwell, Gov. Frank Hanley, Dunbar Quartet, Chas. Emery
Smith, Mrs. Isabel Garghill Beecher. The soloists for the week
were: Miss Marie Carroll, Miss Bertha Albert, Mr. R. G. Shorthouse
and Mr. Chas. Richards. The music was a special feature of the
institute.
The directors' convention was held on the 18th and 19th of Jan-
uary, in the Greensburg high school auditorium. The attendance
was very large. Nearly 200 directors were present. Mr. Edward H.
Bair, of Greensburg, was president of the convention and Dr. W. W.
Miller, of Jeannette, secretary. Addresses were made by A. H.
Bell, Esq., of Greensburg, Jas. S. Kennedy, Esq., of Penn, Rev. J.
N. Baughman, Jeannette, Dr. J. D. Moffat, Washington, J. Syman
Loucks, Alverton, and by the superintendent. A great deal of
interest was manifested in the discussions of many of the subjects.
As a result of the convention a movement is on foot in the county
to have the assessors and the commissioners to unite upon a policy
to bring about a more equable valuation of properties throughout
the county.
Twenty-seven examinations were held in the county. Four hun-
dred and fifty-four provisional certificates were issued and thirty-six
No. 6. WYOMING COUNTY. 133
professionals. One hundred and ninety-seven applicants were re-
jected. Nineteen educational meetings were attended by the super-
intendent. All the office work belonging to the office was done by
the superintendent himself. Five hundred and forty schools were
visited. The county institute was arranged for and i^resided over
by the superintendent.
Valuable assistance has been rendered by the press of (he county,
by the directors, principals and teachers, and also by the Depart-
ment at Harrisburg. To all of these I wish to extend my heartiest
thanks.
WYOMING COUNTY— Frank H. Jarvis.
On looking over the work of the past year it is gratifying that we
are warranted in reporting improvement in the condition of our
schools. Marked improvement of teachers and employment of
teachers of more experience.
Nearly all of our teachers have shown anxiety to succeed in their
work and success has crowned their efforts. While some possess
a thorough preparation for their duties, others have too limited a
knowledge of the common school branches. All with few exceptions
are making efforts to grow along lines both professional and gen-
eral. A majority feel a necessity to obtain a knowledge of educa-
tional movements and a familiarity with the ouv.ard progress of
educational research. Therefore, we have more who are reading
pedagogical literature, more who are a source of inspiration to their
pupils and more who are laboring to arouse educational enthusiasm
among the citizens whom they serve. I take pleasure in that I am
warranted in saying our teachers, as a class, deserve the hearty co-
operation of every friend of education in our country.
Much additional burden was imposed upon our teachers in the
efforts to comply with Dr. Dixon's rulings respecting the vaccina-
tion law. Rather than submit their children to vaccination some
parents persistently refused to send their children to school. If
the act must be enforced to entitle their children to school privi-
leges there should be less obligatory responsibility to be assumed by
the teachers. In fact, I believe the present law is in some particu-
lars admissable of modification for the general good and well being
of the people of the State and we await, with interest, developments
or otherwise, by our next Legislature.
Wo believe that the act of March 16, 1905, Sec. 1, P. L. p. 40, re-
ferring to a child's home district, in Avhich there is no high school,
paying the cost of tuition and school books to the directors of a
134 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
nearby district in which a high school is maintained is, as applied
to many children, a most wise law. We also commend the State
Superintendent for his rulings which tend to secure benefits to such
children as should become beneficiaries of the act. For so far as
the act fosters high schools in rural districts, I am, with ''Farmer
Creasy," in favor of it. We believe a high school education more
than pays the cost therefor. First, because the higher education
increases that power of intellect which is the essential and therefore
the highest attribute of the human mind. Second, because it thus
enlarges the mental horizon. Third, because it makes far richer
one's life. Fourth, because it provides, at an important stage of
development, a social element and a contact with one's fellows,
which is in itself an invaluable training for the coming battle of
life. Fifth, because it immeasurably increases the earning capacity
and the chances of distinction of a person. Sixth, because there is
now a growing demand for education in every department of life.
Seventh, because the best thought of the best thinkers is unaimously
in favor of, at least, in extent, such an education. However, we
believe the act needs modifying.
The school board of the home district of the child should have
some tangible evidence that they are paying the tuition of persons
who are meritoriously entitled to the same. We believe the home
board should, by some disinterested provision, have, at least equal
chance with the district maintaining a high school for passing upon
the justice of the candidate being classified for high school work.
We have nine independent school districts of one teacher each, ex-
cept in one, there are three, and in another, two teachers.
Against one and two teacher independent districts, the act is
working a hardship, with us, which will increase. These districts'
indebtedness will increase owing to limited taxable valuation, and
if no high school can be therein maintained, they will soon be in
the midst of embarrassing discrimination. We, therefore, believe a
law should be enacted providing for a special annual State appro-
priation of at least flOO.OO, for independent school districts that
cannot possibly under our present system of limited taxation, main-
tain a high school.
The school directors of Meshoppen borough and of Noxen town-
ship had their seats vacated by the court. The directors of the
first named district, because they deadlocked over the election of a
principal; and the other, deadlocked over the election of a school
treasurer. This demonstrates more forcibly than ever what we
have heretofore advocated, a law composing a board of three, five
or seven school directors.
There was improvement in school attendance by the scholars
as indicated by the perfect attendance certificates awarded by the
No. 6. WYOMING COUNTY. 135
superintendent. Certificates of perfect attendance were given to
133 scholars who were reported as having been neither absent from
nor tardy to school during the entire school term. The year be-
fore 129 awards were made.
Six central examinations were held, 43 were examined, 24 of whom
passed, averaging 70 per cent., and not falling below 50 per cent, in
any subject. Nineteen of those passing central took the final exam-
ination conducted by the superintendent and held at the county seat.
As a result, 18 common school diplomas signed by the county super-
intendent, the teacher and the president and secretary of the school
board were given. Honorable mention is given to Misses Florence
E. Powell and Berneta Collins, whose averages in the central exam-
ination were 90 4-5 per cent, and 90 2-5 per cent, respectively, being
the two highest in the county. Likewise honorable mention is made
of William O'Mara and Berneta Collins for passing the final exami-
nation with marks 96 5-11 per cent, and 93 10-11 per cent, respect-
ively, the same being the tw^o highest grades.
There were 140 schools, the Bible was read in 121 and some of the
higher branches were taught in 85. During the j-ear there were
3 public examinations held, 113 applicants examined, 38 not receiv-
ing certificates.
At the written request of school boards 11 special examinations
were held during the year. Seven professional certificates were
issued.
Of the teachers, 2G had no previous experience, 64 had more than
five years, 68 held provisional certificates, 23 held professionals, 10
permanent certificates, 37 were graduates of normal schools, 51 were
educated in the common schools, 25 attended normal school but did
not graduate, and 24 were educated in academies or seminaries and
3 were graduates of colleges.
On February 20 the question of centralization of schools was sub-
mitted to the voters of Falls township, resulting viz: For centrali-
zation. Yes, 71; for centralization, No, 86.
The progressive directors of Ttmkhannock borough realizing the
necessity for a school lavatory erected a building and installed one
with up-to-date furnishings at a cost of |1,877. The district also
expended |697.43 foj' repairs. The total amount paid for repairing
in the county was |1,735.42. The total for building and furnishing
houses was |1,927.64.
The county institute was pronounced a great success. The atten-
tion and interest of the teachers were all that could be reasonably
desired. The instruction was of a choice quality. All but three of
the teachers were present. With the following no county institute
could be a failure: Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer, Dr. J. C. Willis, Dr.
Byron W. King, Dr. G. L. Omwake, Maude E. Willis and Prof. Franl?
11
136 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
E. Cliaffee, director of music and soloist. As lecturers and enter-
tainers, we had Anna Delona Martin, Dr. B. W. King, Prof. John
Chambers, Durno & Co., Dr. S. L. Krebs and Will Carleton. All of
whom performed their duties with a high degree of satisfaction to
the teachers, public and management.
Several local institutes were held during the year. The most of
them were well attended and doubtless much good resulted from
them. However, the best work was done where we had directors
who encourage the teachers by their attendance and support and
where we had active and progressive teachers in the work. More
good could be done in these meetings were the attendance compul-
sory and the directors to share the interest and responsibilty equally
with the teachers.
Farmers' institutes were held in December at Tunkhannock, Nich-
olson and Falls. At each place a special educational session was
held. These institutes are doing much good to the cause of educa-
tion, since some can be reached there that are not, in any other
public way. We are especially in sympathy with the present plan
on which the farmers' institutes of the State are being conducted in
that the Department of Agriculture recognizes our system of public
schools with so much deference.
The annual meeting of the School Directors' Association was held
in Piatt's Opera House, Wednesday, December 13, 1905. N. A. Doty,
of Mehoopany, was the presiding officer, and Samuel Decker, of
Falls, the secretary.
The sessions were better attended than was expected. Of the
192 directors of the county, 115 were present. It was the banner
meeting in the history of the association both in points of attend-
ance and in interest. It is highly gratifying to notice the growth
of interest taken by the directors in the discussions of questions
pertaining to their duties. Nearly every person who had been
assigned posts on the program responded and the instructions given
and the enthusiasm awakened should result in much good to the
schools of the county.
The high schools must make clear thinkers, thoughtful readers
and independent managers, and well informed citizens. Henry
Ward Beecher once declared that nineteen meij out of every score
depend upon the twentieth man for direction and support. This
may not be true of every community; but it is true that in every
section of our great State there are yet many, too many, who are
simply at the mercy of surrounding circumstances. They drift help-
lessly and hopelessl}^ with the current; sometimes into the ranks
of disgrace and crime, sometimes to the charity home; but always
a dead weight upon the community, because they lack the essential
principle of true manhood and true womanhood, the abilty to think
No. 6. WYOMING COUNTY. 1*7
and know and do for themselves. When once the sons and daugh-
ters of toil will realize fully that they will prosper in life just in
proportion as they mix brain and muscle, mind with body, thought
with labor, then and not till then will the public schools as the
fountain of mental power receive from them proper recognition
and support.
However, a citizen who is merely intelligent may be either use-
less or dangerous to the State. He must be industrious also. To
labor is duty, the common lot of humanity and a blessing to the -
world. One had better not exist, than live to be merely a blank
in the world's work. The public schools must therefore develop
workers. How and when and where?
First, by teaching that which is useful and practical in life, cul-
ture for its own sake is not worth the getting unless it makes its
possessor more helpful, more useful, more practical. An education,
whether elementary or advanced, should make a man more enthusi-
astic, skilled and better paid workman, and it should make a woman
a more thoughtful, artistic and helpful housekeeper. The school
curriculum must, and we think does more and more tend to link the
text book with the workshop, the teacher with the toiler, the school
with home. The industrial side education, in the way of industrial
and manual training, domestic science, mechanical and artistic skill,
is receiving additional attention upon the part of educational leaders
everywhere. The purpose of this is clearly apparent. It is to dig-
nify honest toil, to make the skilled hand and the quick eye, the
ready servants of a stored mind and through the practical and useful
to lead the youth to the higher lines of worthy ambition and genuine
culture.
But the demand of the times should not only be for clear heads
and strong, willing hands, but above all else for the "square deal"
from and to every one of our sons and daughters. There never was
a time when there was a more urgent need of men — high minded
true men who could be trusted in responsible positions — than there
is to-day. It is not all nor even the best of life to battle for dollars
or bread. The best gifts, the greatest successes and the highest
usefulness grow out of a right appreciation of the true and the
good. To be honest is to be trusted, and to be trusted is to bear a
due share of the responsibility of a worthy citizen.
Our public schools, therefore, must, above all else look to the
development of character, the cultivation of those elements of
true citizenship, without which, neither intelligence nor industry
can produce the citizen that the State and the community wants and
knows and trusts.
We would not fail to recognize the valuable help which the news-
papers are rendering to the schools. Without exception editors
138 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
of six county papers have uniformly assisted us in our efforts to ad-
vance the cause education — a condition for which we are deeply
grateful.
Our schools can never be much better than the people want them
to be, nor will they long remain below the demands of public opinion.
Hence, one can hardly overestimate the influence of the newspapers
in creating a public sentiment that demands good teachers, good
schools and the best schooling that the rising generation is willing
to take.
On May 7, 1906, Orrin V. Love, one of our most worthy school di-
rectors, passed away from the activities of life to enter the home
of eternal rest.
Brother Love was a straightforward, conscientious christian gen-
tleman, being honest in his convictions of right and having courage
to act accordingly. Although a very busy man, having lumbering
interests, being bank director, township auditor, Sunday school su-
perintendent, he was loyal to the public school interests and never
lost an opportunity to proclaim their virtues. Because of his strong
personality and noble character, he endeared himself to many who
deeply feel his loss — one of whom is the writer.
When we look back over the year's work we are not, by any means
satisfied with it; still we know that some advancement has been
made, and at the beginning of the coming term teachers and pupils
will start in on a higher plane than that of a year ago and with this
purpose to do our best in the future, and with many pleasant recol-
lections of the kind indulgence received from the Department, the
assistance and encouragement we have received from directors,
teachers, citizens and children we rest in the consolation that we
have done what we could.
YORK COUNTY— C. W. Stine.
In taking a retrospective view of the working of the schools just
closed, I am led to believe that the progress has been encouraging.
Considering the experience and advantages of our teachers, they
will compare favorably with those of other counties.
Many are studious and ambitious to attain that proficiency which
their i>rofe'Ssion demands in successful teaclijng while others are
making teaching merely a stepping-stone,
No. 6. YORK COUNTY. 139
About liiiit'ty-six per cent, are subscribers to educational papers,
aud are keeping- themselves well informed on the educational topics
of Ihe day.
I visited all but three of the schools of the county. To some I
returned several times. I made 539 visits. I also visited several
schools in other counties.
In visiting the ungraded schools during the year, particular atten-
tion was paid to classiflcation. It was found that most of the schools
taught by teachers of little experience were badly classified. This
year a circular or course of study will be issued to all the teachers of
ungraded schools, outlining a system of classification to be followed
as closely as the conditions of the schools will permit.
Experience has made it clear that it is as easy to grade a rural
school as a town school. The only danger lies in making and at-
tempting too much in the way of details. The course of study is well
suited to the wants of the ungraded schools. We believe that the
practical teacher will find it of great service in the organization,
classification, and management of the schools.
Our country boys and girls are entitled to the same advantages
as those of the town.
It is no wonder the larger pupils of our country districts drop
out of school when the same bill of fare is served out to them year
after year. If they are the children of poor parents, usually, their
school days are past, and they are handicapped for life, on account
of modest equipment.
The watchfulness of parents is a mighty factor in bringing many
boys and girls through a crucial period of their lives.
Country home environment has been a blessing to many a youth.
The young people would not be driven into centres of population
if each district had a good township high school, and the school
house would become the centre of intellectual life, as a church does
of the spiritual life.
At present, few boys and girls may attend such a high school,
without leaving home and paying for both board and tuition in a
private school.
To send a boy or girl to a boarding school for a year, seldom costs
less than |200 or |2.50, and the help which a child should give in the
affairs of the home, as well as the home influence, so necessary at this
age, is lost.
A farmer has five children. To send each of them to a boarding
school for four years will cost at the lowest figure $600. The sec-
ondary education of the five will cost $3,000 in money. Few farmers,
mechanics and small merchants are able to pay so much money! So
their children do not attend school after they have finished the
limited course of the elementarv school.
140 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Only here and there do we find a family from which one or two
boys and girls go away to school, and then only for a year or two,
the burden being too heavy. Were there a good high school in each
township, or even ten or twelve in each county, any man who would,
might send all his children until they finished the full course, and
be none the poorer for it. Except in cities, the cost of feeding and
clothing children is not necessarily great, and the cost of the school
would not be felt as a burden to any community.
The most inexpensive things on the market to-day are teachers,
school houses, books and chalk.
Eleven local institutes were held in different parts of the county,
during the year. In most cases they were well attended by teachers
and patrons. In my opinion, there is no better way of enlisting the
co-operation of the patrons of the schools than by meetings t)f this
kind. The teachers deserve much praise for the efforts made, and
the pains taken to make the institutes what they were — a success.
There has been two school houses built during the year. These
are good houses, substantially built, with good light and plenty of
room.
Some townships have repaired their buildings and made them
more suitable for the purpose they were erected.
The annual institute was a success in every particular. Six hun-
dred and seventy-six teachers were in attendance. The sessions
were largely attended by patrons and citizens and young people from
all over the county. The people seem to manifest more interest in
education every year. The instruction was of the highest order, and
could not fail to be of much profit to all who heard it.
The philosophy of teaching, and principles of school government
received much attention.
The day instructors were Dr. N. C. Schaeffer, Dr. S. C. Schmuck-
er. Dr. Charles C. Boyer, Dr. Paul M. Pearson, Dr. Charles H. Al-
bert, Dr. James M. Coughlin, Dr. E. O. Lyte, Dr. G. M. Eckels. Prof.
John Denues had charge of the music.
Our evening attractions were as follows: Monday, Dr. Levin Irvin
Hardy, '^Growing Up and Growing Old;" Tuseday, Whitney Bros.
Male Quartet; Wednesday, J. E. Comerford, "A Day and a Night
With Our Life Savers;" Thursday, Durno, the Magician and Com-
pany; Friday, Carmen's Italian Boys.
The annual York County Directors' Association was held in York,
January 18, 1906, with 258 directors present, the largest attendance
since its organization.
The following was the order of business: Report of secretary, Dr.
J. P. Galbreath; address, "What Should be the Guide of Directors
in Selecting Teachers?" S. J. Barnett; address, "School Room Sani-
tation," Dr. C. G. Hilderbrand and Dr. H. F. Gross; address, "The
No. 6. CRAWFORD COUNTY. 141
Directors' Three R's/' Prof. L. E. MeGinnis; address, Dr. James M.
Coughlin; discussion, "Should Directors Require Teachers to Attend
Local Institutes and Hold p]ducational Meetinj^s?" Kev. Fred Gee-
sey; address, subject, "Diftlculties That Confiont Directors, and How
to Meet Them," Kev. A. S. Atkin; address, "Forces that Supplement
the Schools."
The directors continue to advance our educational interests in a
material way, by building good houses and supplying better furni-
ture.
My work for the first year as county superintendent is now ended.
I have tried to discharge my duty earnestly and faithfully. How
well I have succeeded, the public must judge. With the experiences
of the past year, I believe that I will be able to discharge my duty
more effectively in the coming year.
In concluding my report, I must say that everywhere in the county
the directors, teachers, citizens and scholars have received me with
kindness and courtesy.
My thanks are hereby extended to the press of the county for
their kindness, without which aid my work could not have been suc-
cessful.
I cannot in words express my gratitude for kindness received at
the hands of the Department.
I return my thanks to directors, teachers and all true friends of
education for their cordial support.
*CRAWFORD COUNTY— John D. Goodwin.
In submitting this my fourth annual report, it is pleasing to
be able to state that the educational progress in the schools of
this county has been steady and encouraging throughout the year.
The attendance lias been larger and more regular, the general inter-
est on the part of patron.s, teachers and pupils was greater than for
any previous 3'ear, and ihe unanimous verdict is, that, as a whole,
our schools never were in better condition.
The health of the pupils has been exceptionally good, and school
work has suffered no interruptions, except in a few instances, due
to the compulsor}' vaccination law.
Our teachers have been energetic and faithful, and almost all
are deserving of much credit for the neat clean condition in which
they have kept their schol rooms, for systematic work, and the ac-
complishment of definite results. Our schools are all graded, and
♦Report not received in time to appear In its proper place.
142 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
the year's work was so carefully and thoroughly done that two
hundred and fifty-one pupils of the eighth grade successfully met
the highest qualifications yet required for graduation, and were
granted diplomas.
Our directors have been faithful in the discharge of their duties.
The school property of the county has been well looked after, and
is in good condition.
We have no poor school houses. The only lack is in the amount
and quality of blackboard surface; but this is being remedied
rapidly. The school supplies furnished are ample and of good
quality.
Our township high schools have done good work, and have demon-
strated that it pays to give the boys and girls in the country the
same advantages that are provided in the towns and cities.
The County Institute, judging from results, was a pronounced
success. Care was taken to get practical teachers as instructors,
and instruction was given that made better teachers, and proved
of practical use in the school rooms of the county.
A number of local institutes were held during the year — all to
the profit of those present and taking part. The attendance was
large in every instance. Several districts held monthly meet-
ings, and the effect on their schools was very noticeable.
Taking all things into consideration, I am confident that we have
had a very good year, and wish to thank the citizens of the county
for their hospitality, the teachers for their kindness, and the di-
rectors for their many favors, hoping that with their hearty co-
operation, I may be able to advance still more the educational in-
terests of our county, and to make our schools reach a still higher
degree of excellence.
No. 6. ALLENTOWN. 143
REPORTS
CitjaiKlBorougliSnperintendents.
ALLEGHENY— John Morrow.
The Allegheny schools finished a successful years work June 1,
1906.
No adverse circumstances transpired since my last report to mar
or retard our progress.
An elegant new manual training building, three stories high, has
been erected in the Second Ward. This building is furnished with
the very best modern machinery and other appliances for the pur-
pose of carrying on shop-work, cooking, sewing, and the arts of house
work and home-making.
In many resx>ects Allegheny is in as good shape educationally as
most other cities in the State. Twenty-two of our twenty-five school
buildings have successful kindergartens in operation. This is a
larger proportion of kindergartens than is found in any other city
in I:*ennsylvania.
Twelve of the fifteen wards in the city have installed manual train
ing in their schools, embracing several "kinds of shop-work for boys,
and all the different branches of domestic science for the girls.
These departments have been fitted up with the very best of modern
apparatus necessary for the successfal accomplishment of the wbrk.
This, again, I think, is a larger proportion of manual training de-
partments than will be found in the schools of any other locality in
the State.
In addition to the above we have a successful system of physical
culture practiced daily in all our schools.
We make an effort, also, not to neglect the three "R's."
ALLENTOWN— Francis D. Raub.
The work progressed regularly throughout the year, and the re-
sults were satisfactory. No innovations were attempted, excepting
144 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
a cliange in the system iof penmanshiii to the semi slant, which at
iirst was looked upon by teachers with a great deal of distrust. But
after a fair trial it is considered an improvement over the regular
slant which was in use.
The night schools were in session and afforded an excellent oppor-
tunity for those, who by stress of circumstances were compelled to
leave schotol at an early age, to improve themselves. It is unfortu-
nate, however, that the attendance on the part of siome was so ir-
regular, that their progress was limited. The Compulsory School
Law could not affect these pupils.
The law vesting the power of issuing employment certificates in
the Superintendent or his Deputy, whdlst entailing some labor and
annoyance, istill is a great impriovement over the previous law. The
Superintendent generally has knowledge or means of learning the
age and fitness of applicants, and in many instances, when conditions
are favorable, can induce some to remain in school, and in all cases,
cej'tificates are granted only to those entitled to them under the law.
The school population lof the city showed an increase of 190 over
that of the preceding year, and resulted in overcrowding certain
rooms. The annex of four rooms to the Fianklin Building now under
construction, will serve to relieve the western part of the city tem-
porarily. I have recommended that in other parts of the city where
the enrollment exceeds fifty in any room, that an assistant be aip
pointed, wboise duty it shall be to assist pupils in the work assigned
them, and attend to other detail work, -vvhilst the other teacher is con-
stantly engaged in conducting recitations. This was done in one
room this year, and the result was very satisfactory, thus following
out the idea of the Batavia system.
Kow in donchision, I with, to thank the Department for the uni-
foi'm courtesy to us in the past.
ALTOONA— H. J. Wightman.
The year 1905-1906 has been a menjorable one in the history of
education in Altoona. The city has had a very progressive Board
of Education composed of six men elected at large from the city.
The year marks the erection and equipment of a modern High school
at a cost of over |.300,000. The Science, Commercial and Industrial
Departments of this schoiol are most complete. Tlie Pennsylvania
Railroad have undertaken the equipment of the Drafting Depart-
ment. Forge Shoij^, Foundries, Wood Working Machinery, Metal
Working Machinery, Wood Turning, Glue and regular Manual Train-
irg rooms. One feature of the equipment will be the absence of
No. 6. ALTOONA. 145
shafting, all iiiachines being run by individual motors. The build-
ing has complete departments for Art, Cooking, Sewing, Dressmak-
ing and Household duties for the girls. The structure has its own
power and light plant in duplicate. Each room in the schoiol as well
as each building in the city has a telephone and connection with
the switchboard in one of the High School offices. There are two
large gymnasiums, a swimming p'ool and shower baths, with indi-
vidual lockers for 750 pupils. An auditorium on the first floor seats
1,610. The building is equipped with automatic heat and ventilat-
ing thermostats and the Frick regulating clock system. The building
is constructed of Hummelstown brownstone; the stairways of steel
and Brocadillo marble; the floors of toilets and main corridors are
of Italian marble mosaic, and the building is practically fire proof.
The year also marks the reorganization of the High School under
the following departments with a director for each department:
English, Mathematics, Modern Languages, History, Latin, Commer-
cial, Science, Domestic Art, Industrial. Tlie sch'ool offers five
courses, each four years in length but the Commercial and Indus-
trial and General Courses are so arranged that three years or even
two will give a definite course.
The year marks the establishment of night schools with an initial
enrollment of over 300; the establishment of a Central Grammar
School with department teaching for the 8th grade pupils; individual
promotions with individual help to' the backward pupil to some ex-
tent; general assistants for both Primary and Grammar grades, in
eluding the best teachers obtainable who have taken charge of
classes when regular teachers have had visiting days, assisted in
some of the larger scho'ols, and when not thus employed aided the
wealver teachers of the city. I feel that no money has been better
spent than for these general teachers who have been under the daily
direction of the Superintendent.
The Institute has been administered in homeopathic doses to the
good of the schools and the betterment 'of the mental digestion of
teachers. It has enabled us to get just the people we have needed.
An Educational Council, meeting bi-monthly, was formed early in
the year and did excellent work in the study of vital educational
problems and in arranging public lectures to help build up public
sentiment.
The teachers' meetings this year have been largely grade meetings
for the discussion of the revised outlines of work. Nature Study
although undertaken for the first time has been handled very sat-
isfactorily. The excursions of teacheis and pupils for the purpose
of Nature Study have helped to establish a closer sympathy between
both parties.
10—6—1906
146 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
A small working- and reference libiary has been placed in each of
the ward schools. Although only about 50 volumes were placed in
each school it is the nucleus of greater things yet to come.
The plan of sending representative teachers to Boston, New York,
Yonkers, Washington and other cities of the east and west to lo'ok
into educational methods and results and then report to the home
teachers has been a leaven of the right sort.
An attempt has been made to establish a rational basi& for teach-
ers* salaries. One of the steps has been a tri-yearly rating of teach-
ers' work by PrincipMs, Supervisors and Superintendents. The fol-
lowing blank has been used:
1. Influence upon pupils in interesting them in study; in inspir-
ing them to better doing; in implanting nobler ideas of life, etc.
2. Teaching Ability — Methods; professional skill; originality;
ability to adapt means to fit actual conditions, etc.
3. Results measured by preparation of pupils; comparative num-
bers that are able to advance in grade and do goiod work, etc.
4. Scholarship — Accuracy in things taught; fund of supplementaii'v
information; preparation for lessons, etc.
5. Discipline^ — Whether repressive or directive; whether through
restraint or through interest.
6. Relations with Parents — Impartiality yet amicable feelings, etc.
7. Relations with other Teachers — Attitude toward principal;
manner of taking suggestions, etc.
8. Growth^ — Improvement; professional zeal.
9. Energy — Snap; life; go; force in class work.
10. Experience^ — Number years; where; grade of work; (a) grade
of Avork preferred; (b) grade of work Principal thinks best fitted for.
11. Training — Where educated; when graduated; length of course;
work taken since graduating, in summer schoiols, etc.
Directions — Use E, G, M, P, for marking first nine points. Insert
answers to 10 and 11 under each teacher's name, writing across full
width of paper.
Results have been greatly improved by this plan, as teachers have
been told wherein they were weak and have made an effort to im-
prove.
During the year several additions have been made to the city in-
cluding the towns of Millville and Fairview, each of which districts
have first-class brick school houses and graded schools.
To the Superintendent the year hais been an active one, and I feel
content at what has been accomplished during my first year in the
State.
No. 6 ASHLAND. 147
ARCHBALD— W. A. Kelly.
The school j'ear of 1905-00 was a very successful one. Very
pointed talks by the superintendent and directors created a stir
among the teachers thereby getting better results in the class-rooms.
The attendance was far below what was expected, being the result
of contagious diseases. During the erection of the High School
building which lasted the whole term, we could not find suitable
quarters to carry on class work for the eight grades that occupied
the old High School building, so it was necessary to have seven of
the teachers double up in their corresponding grades in other build-
ings, having the pupils from the central district attend those other
schools thereby overcrowding.
In the face of those obstacles our teachers did very creditable
work. We did not conduct any class exercises at the end of the
term, for it was decided during the month of May to create a new
course of study for the Higli School which I hereby submit. First
year, Latin, Algebra, Civics, Geometry, General History. Second
year Latin, Algebra, Civics, Geometry, General History, Book-Keep-
ing with Arithmetic and Spelling throughout the second year.
Pupils intending to take up Normal School work after finishj,ng here
may substitute Botany and Trigonometry for Book-Keeping. The
course covers two years work which will require thoroness on the
part of the teachers and pupils.
It is intended to have auspicious opening of the High School
building, both teachers and pupils are exhibiting an anxiousness
to get to work. I have made out an ii.stitute Program for our next
term's work, which will cover five teachers' and three general insti-
tutes. Each teacher is to be represented on a program some time
during the term on an educational subject, each subject open for dis-
cussion. The general Institutes will be conducted by able profes-
sional men or women from other fields. I intend to give the liocal
Institute question a thoro test, because of the arguments I hear for
and against.
The school directors during the i^ast term regularly visited the
difiVrent schools of the district and are much pleased with the year's
work.
ASHLAND— Wm. C. Estler.
Vocal music was added to the coui^e of study, a special teacher on
eight singing was employed to visit the rooms daily and instruct the
148 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
pupils. The lessons were taught froin the blackboard; so that, out-
side of teachers' salary, the cost to the district for music was very
small.
Commencement exercises were held in the opera house Monday
evening. May 28. There were twenty-three in the class, eight boys
and fifteen girls. Caps and gowns were worn.
New books to the value of fifty-five dollars were purchaised for the
High School Library.
BANGOR— J. W. Gruver,
Tills is my first annual report as Superintendent of the public
schools of the borough of Bangor. Having been principal of our
schools for the two preceding years, the change from principal to
superintendent was comparatively easy. My work as superintendent
was somewhat hampered during the year, inasmuch as I was com-
pelled to work in the double capacity of superinteudent and teacher,
caused by the crowded condition of the schools and a lack of teach-
ing force.
This will be remedied to a certain extent for the ensuing year, as
two new teachers have been elected, which will enable me to devote
more of my time to the supervision of the schools.
Or.r teachers have proved to be ^ery loyal in their co-operation
with our plan of work and management of the schools. They have
worked faithfully to awaken a desire on the part of the pupils to re-
ceive an education.
The patrons of the schools have shown their appreciation of the
efforts put forth by the directors and teachers in trying to raise the
standiard of the schools, and in this way have been very helpful.
We cannot fail to speak words of praise for our board of directors,
for the willingness they have shown, in doing everything in their
power to advance the best interests of our schools. They are pro-
viding for us the very best materials, so necessary for doing good
work. Much of the sucecss of our schools is due to their harmoni-
ous and united efforts, and the encouragement given to superinten-
dent, teachers and pupils.
Jt is onr aim to bring the school and the home as close together
as possible, for the securing of good results depends largely upon the
influences that surround the child outside of the school room, es-
pecially the home. Parents have been invited to visit the schools
frequently, that they may see the kind of work being done, and how
their children are being cared for.
Our teachers' meetings during the year were very helpful. We
held a regular monthly meeting of all the teachers, when methods
No. 6. BEAVER FALLS. 149
of teaching and questions pertiaining to schbol management .were
thoroughly discussed. We also had our weekly grade meetings,
where work suitable for those particular grades was discussed by the
older teachers, and which proved to be beneficial, especially to the
younger teachers.
The number of pupils enrolled during the year is 1,018. The per-
centage of attendance, which was lowered siomewhat by an epidemic
of measles and whooping cough, was 93 per cent. The compulsory
attendance law is being strictly enforced and is benefitting that
class of children whose parents are not concerned about the educa-
tional welfare of their children, and who would otherwise spend
their time in idleness on the streets.
We also began work along musical lines. Not having a special
teacher in music, the teachers met weekly for the purpose of study-
ing music and becoming familiar with the subject. A go'od be-
ginning was made and it is hoped that ere long we may have a su-
pervisor of music to take charge of that department, for our people,
especially the Welsh, are a music loving people, and are delighted
to know that their children are being taught music in the public
schools.
Aware of the crowded condition of our schools, and re*aliziug that
real good work cannot be done with so many pupils (often from GO
to 70) under the charge of one teacher, the board purchased a site and
began the erection of a new four-room school building. This build-
ing will be fitted up with all modern improvements, and located at a
suitable place for those children living farthest from the present
buildings.
Two new silk mills have located in our borough and have drawn
heavily upon our grammar and lower high school grades. This we
feel is a detriment to the good work of our schools, since often, those
children badly needing further school training, leave school when
attaining the age of 14 years, 'and go to work in these mills.
In closing, I desire to say that the results obtained during the
past year were very satisfactory, and on account of the perfect
harmony existing on the part of the patrons, directors, superinten-
dent and teachers, the result for the ensuing year Cannot help but
be likewise.
BEAVER FALLS— Edward Maguire.
In submitting this report for the year 1905-190G, I am glad to
acknowledge the courtesies extended by the Department of Public
Instruction and to express appreciation therefor.
150 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
The year has been a good one for our school interests. Fewer
changes were required, understanding of courses and methods was
more th'orioiigh, and, consequently, progress was more consistent and
solid, a result more likely to be attained when teachers and super-
intendent have worked harmoniously together for some time. I wish
to say here too that the Board of Education has as a body loyally
sustained the schools.
Attendance has improved since last year; especially in the High
School where the gain is 18 per cent. The percentage of attendance
is 9?, and the total enrollment 1,823, of whom 890 were boys and 933
girls. St. Mary's Parochial School has registered about 350, and a
good many are attending commercial schools. Sickness did not in-
terfere with our work much till late in the year, when measles and
throat troubles kept a good many pupils at home.
Our school population is probably 2,400 to 2,500, but even the new
compulsory law does not enable us to reach all of them. In 1905,
the assessors' lists contained 1,802 names, but there are always a
good many who move in after the lists are made up and who' do not
enter school. Some form of supplementary census should be de-
vised to inform school authorities of the presence of such children.
Our attendance officer has wtorked most efficiently. He investigated
566 cases of non-registration, of those whose names appeared on
the assessors' lists and accounted for all satisfactorily or caused
them to enter school. During the rest of the year he investigated
1,433 cases reported by the teachers. Of these 385 were absent with-
out good excuse. All of these were returned to school. Of course
it happened frequently that a number of visits were required by the
same pupil.
Our teaching corps is being gradually strengthened. One more
grade teacher was emploj-^ed and one more in the High School. By
strengthened is meant not only increased in numbers but also greater
efficiency. The new salary schedule will enable this work to con-
tinue. It provides a minimum for inexperienced teachers and a
yearly increase for successful teachers for ten years, when the max-
imum is reached. Next year all the experienced teachers will re-
ceive an average advance of more than thirty-three and one-third per
cent, above what they received four years ago. This move is in the
right direction; the next generation should not be hanidicapped by
the inefficient teaching of the present.
Our High School is gaining steadily and its quarters are too small.
A strong sentiment in favor of a new building is growing up, and
its construction can not long be delayed. To meet the local demand
we need a strong business department and a teachers' training de-
partment— needs that can not be met without a new building. Com-
mencement was held Friday evening, June 1, 1906. The class con-
No. 6. BETHLEHEM. 151
taiiicd twenty-two members, more than half of whom expect to attend
college.
Music and drawing, introduced two years ago, have progressed
steadily under efficient supervisors. In connection with other sub-
jects considerable practical nature worki is being done. Field ex-
cursions, window boxes, acjuariums, and the making of collections
make this subject aid other w'ork very materially. This year 800
packages of seeds were given out for home planting.
Our room libraries are helping greatly to influence the reading
taste of the children. The books this year circulated to the extent of
23,698 volumes. The number of books in these libraries is 2,192, the
circulation of each book being nearly eleven times. This was about
13 books per pupil registered. Besides these we have 3,552 books
used to supplement the regular work.
My specific recommendations to our Board of Education this y(Mn
included (a) a new building, (b) a business department in the high
school, (c) a teachers' training department, (d) beginnings in kinder-
garten and manual training work.
BETHLEHEM— Fred. W. Bobbins.
The past year has been one of progreas. In general, the teaching
was well done, discipline successfully maintained, and methods of
instruction improved. Teachers' meetings were largely attended,
and all teachers took part in the discussion of topics assigned. Al-
though there was an epidemic of children's diseases during the win-
ter, the average attendance equaled that of other yeai's. On the
whole, the term just closed is full of encouragement to all concerned.
Congratulating ourselves, however, on what has been done satis-
factorily will not induce further progress, nor even maintain the
present standard. It is encessary to take note of the weak points in
our system and strengthen them.
During the last six years the growth of our high school has been
remarkable. The enrollment has increased from one hundred eigh-
teen to two hundred fifteen — almost one hundred per cent — although
the toital enrollment of pupils in the borongh has remained station-
ary. In spite of this increase, the work in the high school is being
done with one additional teacher, and one additional room. Evi-
dently, a new high school building, and an increase in the present
teaching force is one of our needs.
The attention of the board has been called to the general tendency
in writing from the vertical to an intermediate slant; to the lax ad-
ministration of the compulsory attendance law; and to the necessity
12
152 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
oi the supervision of high sehod atheletics by the school authorities.
The charge is frequently made in these days that the public schools
teach socialism. The charge seems a most unjust one. There is no
one of our institutions that teaches respect for authority, obedience,
and other civic virtues, as does the public school. Besides, it is a
significant fact that the present leaders of socialism and anarchism
are not products of the public schools. What we need is a better
appreciation of the positive, but unheralded and generally unnoticed
work in the school room.
BRADDOCK— Grant Norris.
I have the honor of submitting the following report of the Brad-
dock public schools for the school year ending the first day of June,
1906.
Enrollment; males, 1,221; females, 1,192; total, 2,413.
Average attendance; males, 887; females, 866; total, 1,753.
Average enrollment per room, 38.
We were crippled a little during the year by the resignation of
some of our best teachers. More money was offered and we were
compelled to go out and possibly cripple other schools tO' fill the
vacancies. Where one teacher resigned it caused six other vacan-
cies, one following after the other antil a teacher without employ-
ment was secured. This seems lamentable. Having a principal in
each building and a cadet teacher from the last year's graduating
class from the high school, we are not embarrassed so much by resig-
nations as other schools where there is no experienced teacher on
hand to take the room until a teach(!r can be secured.
During the year a series of luncheons were served in the Domestic
Science Department to other classes in the high school to which the
directors were invited. At these luncheons educational problems
were talked over and the needs of ^he schools discussed. One gen-
eral reception was given during the year to the patrons and friends
of education. The reception was held in the diiferent departments
on different days. It proved more satisfactory than to hold the re-
ception in each department at the same time.
While the issuing of employment certificates, during office hours,
at home night and day, Saturdays, and the children even call on Sun
days, has caused the superintendent some annoyance and trouble,
yet it is proving its merit and reflects great credit upon the persons
who were instrumental in having the law passed.
During the year twenty pictures were purchased and placed in the
schools. The cost of these pictures ranged from -|6.00 to |20.00. No
cheap pictures were purchased. We shall soon have one excellent
No. 6. BRADFORD. 153
picture in each room in the schools. The money was raised by the
teachers and school children,
A course of pedagogical study is maintained by each principal with
her corps of teachers. They meet about twice a month to read to-
gether and discuss what they are reading. The meetings are proving
to be of great interest and profit.
BRADFORD— E. E. Miller.
Much has been written of the "Correlation" (whatever that means)
of high school work with that of the grades, so there may be no break
or fissure between these two. Whatever juggling or manipulation
of studies may be done to secure this so-called ''Correlation" there
will remain a marked change from the system in the grades, in
which one teacher instructs the pupils in all subjects, to the depart-
mental system of the high school in which the pupil recites different
subjects to different teachers.
I am aware that departmental instruction has, in some places, been
carried into the grades. I have given that plan a practical test and
it proved a failure. Hence conditions under which the pupil works
in the high school are different from the conditions under which a
pupil w^orks in the grades. The first year high school pupil is
thrown more upon his own resources. A part, at least, of his studies
is new; there is not the opportunity for individual help as in the
grades. The pupil does not prepare his lessons under the eye of
the teacher. More of "Home work" is required; the pupil does not
become so' well acquainted with his teachers. The teachers in the
high school, on account of a much greater number of pupils, do not
become so well acquainted with the individual pupil, as does the
grade teacher.
The first year pupil in the high school, has a better opportunity to
shirk his lessons than he had in the grades, consequently there is
quite a large per cent, of first year high school pupils, who get so
far behind in certain subjects that they drop one or more subjects
during the year, or fail to pass in those subjects at the close of the
year. I assume that these conditions prevail in all high schools, ex-
cept Batavia, where by virtue of an adopted scheme no one ever fails
in anything.
It has seemed to the superintendent and the faculty of the high
school, that something could be done to improve present conditions
in regard to failures in high school, especially in the first year class.
Accordingly the superintendent recommended to the school board
that a special teacher be employed to devote her entire time to the
154 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
assistance of such individual pupils, as umy, for any cause, be falling
behind, or need individual help in any subject. What was done by
this teacher, and the manner in which it was accomplished is per-
haps best told by the teacher herself. Her report to the superinten-
dent at the close of the school year is submitted herewith.
Report of Individual Instructor in the High School.
E. E. Miller, Superintendent:
Sir: In response to j^our request of some report of my work during
the past year the following is submitted:
As the school year 1905-06 was the first year of individual instruc-
tion in the Bradford High School, it has,, 'of necessity, been somewhat
experimental. As a result various methods have been tried and
various conclusions drawn, of which the following is a brief sum-
mary :
The individual teacher has given to the woi'k five periods a day
regularly; two periods have been given to class work. Latin and
Greek the first part of the year, and Botany and Greek the latter
half.
The work has been of two sorts (1) assistance of pupils, who came
of their own accord for some explanation, who were given from five
to fifteen minutes or longer according to their needs. Such pupils
comprise a majority of those who have been helped. (2) The assist-
ance of pupils sent by teachers on account of some deficiency in their
work. These were given daily appointments for a week or longer
until such deficiency had been made up.
At first the work was entirely individual, tliat is, but one pupil
at a time. Later, it became evident that pupilsi who needed thf
same kind of assistance in the same branch could be taught in groups
of four or five thus saving much time. This plan was followed es-
pecially in Latin and Germian. Toward the end of the term, the
plan was adopted of giving one daily* period to Latin and one to Alge-
bra in which pupils of the same grade (classes) could come so long
as they needed help.
In regard to the number assisted, statistics taken from the reooi'd
kept by the special teacher represents the approximate result.
Average number assisted per week 75 to 100. Average length of
period 15 minutes. Total number of appointments during the year
about 3,100.
The following are the records of two weeks work; the former rep-
resenting the rather light work early in the term; the second one of
the busy week in January.
Monday— Latin, 6 pupils; Algebra, 1 ; German, 2; English, 1; Solid
Geometry, 1; Debate, 2; total, 13.
No.
BRADFORD.
155
Tuesday — Latin, G; Algebra, 4; French, 1; (Jerman, 3; Geometry, 1;
total, 15.
Wednesday— Latin, 9; Algebra, 4; French, 1; German, 1; Geometry,
1; Debate, 1; total, 17.
Thursday— Latin, 11; Algebra, 2; French, 1; Geometry, 1; Total, 15.
Friday — I^tin, 5; Algebra, 2; French, 1; Caeser, 2; German, 1;
total, 11.
By subjects the result of the week was, 37 received help in Latin;
13 in Algebra; 4 in French; 7 in German; 3 in Caesar; 2 in English;
4 in Solid Geometry ; 3 in Debate, total, 73.
Second Week (in
January).
hj
<
8
5
O
1
1
Monday
17
18
18
21
20
3
3
0
0
J
28
Tuesday,
3
3
5
Friday
0
Totals
94
20
12
8
5
8
11
Respectfully,
RUTH BENTLEY.
As to the practical and tangible results of this plan, one year per-
haps may not be sufficient time for a. Snal decision. However the
following data submitted by the high school principal at the close
of the year furnishes some evidence.
Comparative Results of A Few Representative Subjects.
Subject.
c
c
S
t
>>
>>
C I
g
-o
i
•o
h
c
^
r-
'^
^
13
OS
■o
W
^
fc
W
^
German, all classes
First year, Latin
Caesar, first year. Algebra,
First year, English,
Senior, English
IS
131
?s
102
20
1S9
6
This report shows that in the first year Latin, the number of with-
drawals and failures was reduced about 50 per cent. In first year
Algebra and in German about 30 per cent., while in the higher grades
156 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
the pel' cent, of failures has been reduced to a less extent, this is
probably due to the fact that there are usually fewer failures in the
higher classes, and alsio that there were fewer pupils from these
grades who went to the individual instructor for assistance.
Of course much depends upon the teacher employed for this work.
Her manner may be such as to draw pupils willingly to her, or to
repel them. She must be a woman of thoTongh and diversified
scholarship. We were most fortunate in the selection of a teacher,
but at the close of the school year, she resigned as many good teach-
ers do, to accept a miatrimonial engagement.
I am fully persuaded that the work of this teacher has been valua-
ble, and the plan will be continued.
In other lines, there is nothing of special interest to report. Ex-
cellent work was done throughout the year, and no friction of any
kind occurred. The annual reception to the teachers of the city by
the members of the school board has been found profitable and en-
joyable, and will be continued. An excellent lunch was served by
the girls from the Senioir Class of the Domestic Science Department.
The Manual Training Department has been extended and much
additional equipment added.
A class of 80 pupils was graduated at the close of the school year.
The Commercial Course has been extended to cover a period of
three years.
A number of our high school teachers left us at the close of the
school year to accept higher salaries elsewhere.
Prof. E. E. McClain goes to New York city, Miss Swinington to
Long Branch, N. J., Prof. Rockwood engages in other business. Miss
Crans gioes to McKeesport.
All were excellent teachers. I wish to express my appreciation
of the cordial support received from the school boiard, principals,
teachers and parents.
BRISTOL^Louise D. Baggs.
The year 1905 1906 has been of more than ordinary interest in
the schools in many ways. In the first place, the increased number
of pupils necessitated more rooms and more teachers. One new
room was secured for a first primary grade, and seventy-five little
ones began their school life in very pleasant quarters with two
teachers. Each of the other first year grades were also divided and
assistant teachers added, so that all children were on full time.
One of the most encouraging features of the progress of the schools
was the promotion of a class of thirty-six from the grammar school
No. (J. BUTLER. 157
to the high school, every one of the thirty-six returning in Septem-
ber, and but five of them (lropi)ed out during the year. There seems
to be an appreciation on the part of parents and pupils of the im-
portance of higher education and more children are remaining longer
at school. German was introduced into the high school course and
the very complet<? Crowell Laboratory for the study of Physics was
bought, thus giving the school the opportunity of much better work
in that subject.
The president of the School Board stimulated the graduating
class in the work of English Composition by offering prizes for
the best work in that subject. The first essays were on the "Cathe-
drals of England" and the second on a "Visit to the Wool Mill" of
Bristol. On the first subject he gave them a very interesting illus-
trated lecture and in the second case he conducted them through
the mill. The pupils gained much of profit and pleasure from these
opportunities.
In the early spring a prize was offered to the graduate who came
out first. There was the A'ery unusual circumstance of a tie be-
tween two girls. One was given the medal and the other a beautiful
silver loving cup, appropriately engraved.
The commencement exercises of the class of 1906 were particularly
interesting and we feel gave a stimulus to the succeeding classes.
During the year a step has been taken in the adornment of the
school rooms. Very fine pictures were presented to the Assembly
Hall by the teachers, and a handsome pedestal and bust of Long-
fellow by the older pupils. In the grade rooms also pictures were
added. We feel that the schools are in a very healthy condition and
the sentiment is in favor of progress.
BUTLER— John A. Gibson.
The public schools of Butler borough have passed through an un-
eventful term in the school year of 11)05-1906. In seeking to find
what is worth chronicling in the volume of the State Report, one is
impressed by the level plain of the year's landscape with few promi-
nences of conspicuous elevation.
All factors laboring for the good of the public schools, general
public, patrons, School Board, and teachers, worked harmoniously
for the advancement of the system. The year was reasonably fruit-
ful of substantial results, not in any showy form, but in the primary
essentials of elementary public education. The statistical report
shows the gradual growth of the schools, though in this respect we
are scarcely increasing our attendance at an equal rate with the in-
158 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
crease of the population of the borough. This is due to several new
conditions, the large increase in foreign population, widening oppor-
tunities for the employment of children, and an increasingly^ more
intense industrial pressure.
Isolated attempts have been made with more or less success by
various philanthropic organizations to meet the need of educating
our foreign population beyond the limits of what can be done by
the public schools. It is now proposed to unite these isolated en-
deavors under one management through a federated action of the
local churches and other organizations. What results can be se-
cured time will show. A strenuous effort is made to enforce com-
pulsory attendance among the foreign element, but, as the initiated
well know, there are a few obstacles in the way in the form of fre-
quent shifting of residence, affidavits of age, dirt, disease, etc., etc.
It must be said, however, that large elements of this new population
are anxious to keep their children in 'school until they can be set to
work.
The School Board has persistently pursued the new high school
building proposition throughout the year and the ground is now
being broken for what is expected to be one of the most commodious
and best adapted buildings of its class in the State.
Prof. Kolla H. McQuistion, one of our efficient supervising prin-
cipals, resigned bis position at the opening of the school year 1906-
1907 to take up the study of law in Harvard University. The School
Board rewarded efficient and faithful service and attested its con-
tinued adherence to the system of supervising principals by assign-
ing the position left vacant to Prof. Loyal Freeman Hall, as an ad-
dition to the work he has previously performed.
CARLISLE— John C. Wairner.
Our schools closed June 18. A class of twenty-three (23) was
graduated from our high school. This is the largest €lass graduated
since the establishment of a four years' course. Our total enroll-
ment for the year was sixteen hundred three (1,603). This was forty-
three (43) more than last year. Of this increase, twenty-one (21)
were in the grammar school and twenty-one (21) in the high school.
This increased attendance necessitated the election of an additional
teacher, which enabled us to organize the work to better advantage.
November 29 the Board of Directors i)assed the following:
"Resolved, That the superintendent be authorized and directed
to notify at once the principals and teachers of all the schools of
No. 6. CHAMBERSBURG. 159
this district that on and after December 11 next they will be re-
quired to enforce the act of Assembly of June 5, 1895, which pro-
vides that no child shall be admitted to their respective schools ex-
cept upon a certificate signed by a physician setting forth that such
child has been successfully vaccinated or has had small-pox."
Less than two hundred (200) of our pupils had ever been vacci-
nated, and for about a month our schools suffered badly. The local
press supported us nobly in our efforts to comply with the law, and
by January all but a few of the pupils had been successfully vacci-
nated.
May 17 was observed as "Patrons' Day." Invitations were sent
to all the patrons of the schools requesting them to come out and
examine the drawing and written work which had been tastefully
arranged in the several buildings, as well as to witness the regular
school work which was continued in all the schools. In response to
this request two thousand two hundred fifty (2,250) visits were made
to the schools on that day. The renewed interest manifested in
school work by pupils, patrons and teachers makes this one of the
most profitable days of the school year.
The ''Civic Club," a band of public spirited ladies, presented to
the schools during the year twenty-one (21) choice pictures. This
makes a total of one hundred sixty-five (165) excellent selections
hung upon the walls of our school rooms by this organization, rep-
resenting a cost of a little more than five hundred (|500) dollars.
When we consider w^hat one of our greatest educators says, "In no
place has a beautiful picture more influence for good than on the
walls of an elementary school," we can appreciate to some extent
the services these ladies are rendering to the cause of education.
C. P. Humrich, Esq., presented a library of fifty books to each
school of ihe fifth grade. With this we have a small library of
choice literature for every school above the fourth grade. The chil-
dren enjoy telling and writing about the books they have read — a
period being set aside now and then for this purpose. Some of the
teachers taking advantage of this interest have materially improved
their language and composition work.
December 16 we were called upon to mourn the death of Miss
Kate A. Diller, for thirteen years one of Carlisle's most earnest,
eflficient and devoted teachers.
CHAMBERvSBUKG— Samuel Gelwix.
With every other district in the State, Chambersburg has had its
trouble with the vaccination law. Complying with the directions
of the Health Commissioner, we dismissed 511 pupils in one day.
160 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
A large percentage of this number subsequently returned, but our
schools were so demoralized as to compel us to say that the year
was not very satisfactory.
The conflict between existing laws interfered with the enforce-
ment of the compulsory attendance law. The opponents of this
statute refused to have their children vaccinated, thus evading the
payment of fines for absence from school. Every effort was made
to secure regular attendance by all who had the necessary vaccina-
tion certificate.
Thus far we have been disappointed in the erection of a new high
school building. This has not been the fault of our directors, but
is mainly due to the dilatory tactics practiced by those who are op-
posed to the selected site. From present indications, we will be
obliged to make the best of our present cramped conditions for some
time.
The thoroughness of the work done in our high school is attested
to in the following extract from a letter received from the dean of
Wilson Female College: ''We are glad to speak in the highest terms
of the high school students whom we receive in college. Three of
these students have received honors this year. They come to us
excellently well prepared." To meet the advance in the entrance
requirements of Wilson, it will be necessary to somewhat enlarge our
high school course, but this can be done without detriment to any
who do not wish to pursue a college course.
The conservatism of our citizens is frequently construed errone-
ously. Advancement along educational lines meets with popular
favor, but before adopting new measures it is deemed preferable to
move cautiously, lest we make mistakes that may be hard to rectify.
Encouraged by the past, we anticipate greater success in the
future.
CHELTENHAM TOWNSHIP, MONTGOMERY COUNTY— Chas. A.
Wagner.
The school work of our district has this year taken its strongest
and firmest hold of our people. The work of our teachers in Study-
ing the Individual Child has impressed parents, mc^mbers of the
Board, and the teachers themselves, as no one of them had ever
been impressed, with the simple truth that trouble with children
in school is the result of the teacher's ignorance of the child and of
the child's home. W^e have h^ad fewer cases of disputes in discipline
between homes and teachers, and we have had no case of discipline
No. 6. CHELTENHAM TOWNSHIP. 161
to refer to the Board, this year, and to the intimate acquaintance
of teachers with children first, and then with jjarents, is attributable
this wholly peaceful and desirable result. The work required is not
burdensome after it is understood. An Observation Blank (filled in
duplicate) calls for the points upon which information should be in
possession of the teacher. An outline of terms in which the in-
formation is to be briefly, tersely, and systematically recorded is sup-
plied along with the blanks. The information is then gathered
slowly, carefully, cautiously, and recorded. This process gives the
teacher an intimate knowledge of the pupil and a ready sympathy
with him in his strength and weakness. Intelligent instruction and
discipline follow as the inevitable consequence. The entire idea
is merely the practice of the old pedagogic principle, ''Know the
nature of the taught," a principle quite frequently cited in the ut-
terance but more frequently violated in the fulfilment.
During the year the superintendent has issued thirty-eight em-
ployment certificates to children between the ages of 14 and 16
years.
The Board this year appointed an attendance officer to look up
violators of the compulsory attendance law, whom it paid by the
day for the hours actually spent in looking up delinquents. He
has made about 150 visits during the term to 110 families. In only
fifteen cases did he need to visit the same home twice or more. A
serious imperfection in the system is the matter of enrollment. The
law should be made mandatory in the matter of making the Board
responsible for the assessment of the children. From a list con-
taining about 1,200 children more than 200 names had been omitted.
Our Board is pleased with the results of the system and has taken
action to improve upon this year's practice in its next year's en-
forcement.
From two to four additional titles have been added to the list
of books for each grade from I to VIII inclusive. The entire list
includes about 130 titles. Seven hundred of the pupils of the dis-
trict belong to the circle (membership is entirely voluntary) and
have read during the year 3,563 books. Eeading taste, reading
habits, and a knowledge of good books are our aim. "Learn to do
by doing" is our motto.
On March 19, 1906, our township high school moved into its new
building. On May 10 the building was dedicated. G..W. Flounders,
Ph. D., district superintendent of schools of Philadelphia; Rev. Robt.
Ellis Thompson, principal of the Central High School, Philadelphia,
and Prof. M. G. Brumbaugh, now superintendent of schools of Phila-
delphia, made the leading addresses. The building is pronounced
the finest high school yet erected in a rural community in this State.
It is comfortable, simple, substantial, adequate to its purposes, and
11_6_1906
162 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
wins the adiuiration and commendation of all who have entered its
walls. An auditorium, with almost perfect acoustic properties, and
seating 700 people, is one of its distinctive features. Already com-
mittees from other districts have visited the building for ideas for
buildings of their own.
With this report the present superintendent ends his official ca-
reer, having served five years in the office. He desires to extend
to the Department and its officers his sincere thanks and gratitude
for such help and friendship as any or all of them may at any time
have shown to him or to his requests. He is conscious of having
endeavored to discharge the duties of his office fully, fairly, and
with sincere fidelity during his term of service, a^d for his failures
and shortcomings he once again asks the indulgence and oversight
of his associates and superiors.
CHESTEK— A. Duncan Yocum.
My last annual report concluded with the statement that future
progress along right lines was largely dependent upon the success
of a campaign for increased school income that had been inaugu-
rated. The success of this movement is now assured. Public demon-
stration of the losses due to the carelessness of ward assessors, the
failure to collect the personal tax, the absence of premium on the
early collection of the tax on real estate, and the consequent pay-
ment of unnecessary interest on loans with no compensating in-
terest on average deposits, combined with a threatened cut in the
length of the school term to compel action. The correction of the
returns of the ward assessors has resulted in an aggregate saving
from 1901 to 1907 of about |12,000. An annual census of taxables,
a system of recording changes of address, the limitation of exonera-
tions to taxables who have died or removed from town, and legal
action against those who fail to pay, should almost triple the an-
nual income of |3,000 that has been received for years on a total of
almost 10,000 taxables. A discount of one per cent, on all real
estate taxes paid before September and a penalty of five per cent,
on those remaining unpaid after December 1 means the early pay-
ment of the tax, which with the State appropriation on interest at
two per cent, for such time as it remains on deposit will reduce
loans and interest on loans to the minimum.
If a movement now on foot to compel the publication of real
estate assessments is carried out, the Board of Education will soon
No. 6. CHESTER, 163
be in possession of the maximum income possible without increas-
ing the present six mill rate. The principle at stake is the main-
tainance of an income adequate to meet necessary school expenses
as opposed to curtailing of expenses in order that they may fall
within an insufficient income.
No radical departures were made during the past year either in
general school organization or in methods of instruction. With
the new term, however, drawing abolished about eight years ago
at the time of the general reaction in favor of the three R's, will
be re-introduced into the curriculum, and a sweeping change made
in the form of school supervision.
For some years it has been my judgment that the American school
system is rapidly approaching its limit as regards the individual
expert supervision of special branches. It is not branches but
teachers that need supervision. In response to repeated recom-
mendations, the Board of Education has at last seen its way clear
to unanimously adopt a scheme of grade supervision, in which in
place of three supervisors of special subjects, the supervisors will
divide between them the grades from the first to the sixth inclu-
sive— one having charge of the first, another of the second and third,
and the third of the fourth, fifth and sixth. Each will be solely
responsible to the superintendent for the work of from thirty-five
to thirty-eight teachers, in the closely related subjects taught in
one or two grades, with pupils in approximately the same stage of
mental development; in place of each being responsible for the work
of 150 teachers, in one subject more or less isolated from all others,
with pupils of all ages from six to sixteen. It is believed that this
concentration of supervision on the teacher rather than the subject
and the centralizing of responsibility, will result in much more
eflficient service.
With the exception of the substitution of the non-consecutive
sessions of the annual institute for the usual week during the Easter
recess, the systematic scheme for the after-training of teachers out-
lined in a previous report remains unmodified. The non-consecutive
session with its more moderate demands upon the teachers' energy
and opportunities for discussion and reflection, proved itself to be
far more helpful and popular than the usual protracted meeting.
We had four night sessions, two Saturday sessions, and one holiday
session. For the first time the teachers shared Easter week with the
pupils as a period for rest and recuperation.
The system of plural grading now in successful operation for over
two years, has proved itself economical. The advantage of the plan
is that no pupil is held back in one branch on account of his failure
in another. The holding in check of a stronger mental activity for
the sake of a weaker, with which it in no way interferes, results iu
164 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
arrested development and possibly more or less atrophy of certain
areas in the cerebral cortex.
The disadvantages of the plan are wholly mechanical with the
exception of the increasing number of pupils who are working
simultaneously in two grades. Since investigation of the records
of a thousand children made three years ago showed that only about
40 per cent, passed through the grades without the loss of one or
more years, I am inclined to think that eventually about 50 per cent,
of the pupils will be plurally graded.
With the new system supervision, I am looking forward to the
most successful year's work in our history.
COAL TOWNSHIP, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY— Albert
Lloyd.
An encouraging feature of the year's work is the determination
of the Board to reduce the number of pupils per teacher. To this
end two new buildings and an annex to the high school building were
erected, and three additional annexes planned for the current year.
Apart from the evident purpose of meeting present requirements,
they will be adequate to the growing demands of these communi-
ties for a number of years. They are handsome structures, and
thoroughly modern in all their appointments.
In accordance with an act establishing a system of humane educa-
tion, a course of work was outlined for grades one to four inclusive.
By means of stories, anecdotes, literary gems and nature work, em-
phasizing the care, utility, and beauty of birds and animals, the sub-
ject was dealt with in a regular and systematic way twice a week.
It was a prolific source of material for oral language and in the form
of question and answer was correlated with it. Close watch was
kept on the playground and every effort made to eradicate all habits
of cruelty and selfishness. In fine, while not unmindful of the other
virtues, teachers endeavored at all times to enlist, in their most
comprehensive signification, the sympathy and kindness of the
pupils.
The child labor law, regulating the employment of children about
coal mines, had a very marked effect upon our enrollment. It ex-
tended the jurisdiction of the school so as to embrace a very de-
sirable portion of our population. However, the law would operate
with less friction' and with greater eflQciency, if employment certifi-
cate number one was abolished and certificate number two amended
No. 6. COATESVILLE. 166
SO as to effect all children alike. The proficiency clause would then
be rendered intelligent and what it now only purports to do would
be accomplished in fact — the establishment of an educational re-
quirement as a basis of employment. This would have the imme-
diate effect of prolonging the school-life of children over 14 years of
age seeking employment, yet unable to obtain exemption under the
qualification. It, too, would be a notable factor in the solution of
the compulsory educational law. The priority of this educational
qualification would reverse the position of many parents in refer-
ence to the employment and education of their children. For where
the financial motive is most potential, the same reasons that urge
an earl}' employment of the child, would prompt a stricter attention
to the regularity of its attendance at school. Nor would such leg-
islation fail by virtue of prematurity.
The adoption of the ''Batavia experiment" as a permanent feature
of our organization followed as a logical sequence to our success
with its trial last year. The plan was pursued in a modified form
and the scope of the work limited to grades one, two and three.
Twelve additional teachers were appointed to assist the regular
teachers in conducting the work of these grades.
A well equipped commercial department was added to the high
school and the course extended from two to three years. This met
with the approval of our patrons. The new commercial course was
elected by thirty-four. Delay in the erection of the new annex handi-
capped us somewhat, though, in the main, results were very satis-
factory.
The work of the year closed with the graduation of our high
school class — sixteen young ladies and gentlemen — in the G. A. R.
Opera House, Shamokin, on the evening of May 25.
COATEi^iVILLE— Wm. T. Gordon.
On Friday, June 1, 1906, we closed one of the most successful years
in the history of our schools, notwithstanding the demoralization
wrought by an epidemic of measles during the late winter and early
spring. The term was marked only by faithful and conscientious
work on the part of both teachers and pupils. Where these con-
ditions prevail, success is sure to follow.
Perhaps the most important educational event of the year was the
opening of a new Parochial School on January 2, 1906. This took
frpm pur public schools about one hundred thirty Catholic chil-
166 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
dren, but still left many of our rooms iu an overcrowded condition.
We have, to the best of our ability, endeavored to enforce the com-
pulsory attendance law. In a number of instances parents have
been summoned before a justice and lined. The publicity of these
cases has always had the effect of improving the attendance of a
certain class of children — children who would remain out of school
if they dare do so.
To relieve the overcrowded condition of some of our departments
and to better enable us to classify our pupils, the Board of Educa-
tion has decided to add another story to a portion of our old build
ings and to erect a new six-room building to be used as a school
for the colored children of the borough. This building will be
equipped in a thoroughly up-to-date manner, and will be equal to
any of the other school buildings of the town, thus affording the
colored children equal educational advantages with the white chil-
dren.
In the high school, the year has been decidedly the best that we
have ever had. This department is constantly increasing in num-
bers and improving in both the quantity and quality of the work
done. Our graduates can now be admitted to almost any of the
eastern colleges without further examination. We are not, how-
ever, satisfied with our present attainments; but are determined
to press forward until our high school shall stand second to none
in the State. To this end we are now revising and strengthening
our course of study; and the Board of Education has already de-
cided to grant three additional teachers to the high school faculty.
With these increased facilities, we shall be prepared to do better
work than ever before.
On the whole, the future outlook for Coatesville public schools
is certainly bright.
COLUMBIA— Daniel Fleisher.
During the year our work has been good. The teachers fully
realized that with them rested the general success or failure of the
work of the schools. In individual cases, either through a lack of
aptitude for the work of the teaching profession, or through a lack
of zeal or energy due to various causes, the work was only partially
satisfactory.
During the past year, in all the grades, .34.3 new pupils were en-
rolled. The total enrollment was 2,063. Thus nearly 17 per cent,
of the total number wex'e not in our schools the previous year. The
No. 6. COLUMBIA. 167
unusually large number of new pupils was offset by a huge loss
made necessary by the tiansfei- of parents engaged in the railway
service. As those who left us were familiar with the work of our
schools, while those coming from other schools were trained along
different lines, to some extent this large withdrawal weakened our
schools.
To-day nearly all parents recognize the excellence of the present
compulsory law and faithfully and conscientiously send their chil-
dren to school, yet there are others who through pure shiftlessness
and carelessness, or through utter indifference to the welfare of
the children under their control, give the attendance officer con-
siderable trouble. Those so disposed can readily find excuses to
render, and, in some cases, the lack of shoes and clothing, given as
an excuse for non-attendance, is due to laziness, extravagance, or
lack of self denial on the part of one or both of the parents.
The new law w"ith reference to the employment of children be-
tween the ages of 14 years and IG years has added considerable to
the work of the superintendent's office.
These duties are at times both annoying and unpleasant. How-
ever, in its general ett'ects and results the law is such an excellent
one that all superintendents should willingly assume the additional
duties imposed upon them.
In our public school system the course of study should be so
planned and arranged, and the teaching should be of such a char-
acter that a given point in the education of a child may be reached
as early as possible. All waste of time and energy should be guard-
ed against, so that through discouragement and impatience the boys
will not drop out before reac4iing the high school. More of our
boys should be in the high school. Both the boys and their parents
should fully realize that without a high school education many of
the best positions are closed to the boys. Everywhere in industrial
lines the call comes for boys with a good education, and a high
school course should be regarded as a necessity in the present day
life. The work of the elementary school should be of such a char-
acter that in the shortest time possible the boys and girls can
be prepared for the difficult work of the high school.
One of the features of the work of the year was the excellent
and striking results gained in the art work of the schools. For
years drawing has been taught in our schools and many of our
teachers were able to get good results, but under the skillful and
expert supervision of Mr. W. D. Campbell the art work at once
began to demonstrate the skill of the teachers and the capabilities
of the children. Those who saw the work of the different grades
were convinced of the value and importance of this line of work.
Unless a subject has a real educational value, and unless it has a
13
168 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. OfE. Doc.
tendency to give increased enjoyment and power in actual life,
such a subject should have no place in the public school curriculum.
There is an intensely practical value in art. Art is one mode of
expression, and as such it must be classed with language. In our
present industrial life the boy who can not interpret a drawing and
who cannot express his ideas by correctly executed figures is very
seriously handicapped. In our shops and elsewhere blue prints
have- taken the place of written and oral description.
As in man}^ other places our children pass out from our schools
with a very imperfect knowledge of their mother tongue. So few
children can read intelligently, and fewer still can write good Eng-
lish. The blame for this must not be laid entirely upon our schools.
The fact, however, remains, and, so far as possible, it is our duty to
improve the conditions. During the past year special attention
was paid to the English in the schools. This work is very slow,
and it will require years of careful, patient toil on the part of the
teacher to effect much improvement. The teachers themselves
must be models for the children, and uniformly good English must
be used by those who wish the children to be correct in expression.
In past years the graduates of our high schools have been eligible
to positions as teachers, although many of them had very little
practical training for the work. In the future better training will
be demanded by our directors, and our schools will be benefited by
this action of our board. The fact that the schools are for the chil
dren of the community must never be overlooked. The claims of
the individual should never be considered superior to the welfare
of the community. The children are entitled to the wisest leader-
ship and to the best teaching that can be given them. Teaching
is a profession. It can not be learned except by training and ex-
perience. The true teacher brings health, mental vigor, and life
to the child; the one not possessing the qualities of a teacher blights
and deadens. The one who enters into her work with energy and
who brings joy and hope to the child should be well rewarded by
the people. The one who can not arouse ambition, who fails to
stimulate, to encourage, to help, would be happier in some other
field of labor. The teaching profession should never be entered
for the mere sake of securing remunerative employment. The
teacher should be able to bring love, happiness, and skill into the
school room.
The future needs of our schools are great, and I believe that our
l)eople will be ready to meet the demands about to be made upon'
them. Our board is looking forward to the erection of a new high
school building so soon as a desirable location can be secured.
No. 6.. CONSHOHOCKEN.
CONSHOHOCKEN— E. C. Ziegler,
Important inipiovoiuoiits have been made in the scliool gionuds,
and in the furnishing of the buildings. The phiyground has been
paved, improving its appearance, as well as lightening the work of
the janitor. Single desks have been put in several of the rooms.
In two rooms the walls have been tinted. The School lioard has
been most generous in supplying new maps, charts and supplement
ary text books.
Some time ago, the Board decided that they would not elect any
teacher to fill a vacancy unless she was a Normal graduate, or had
taught three years as a substitute, or had been successful as a regu-
lar teacher elsewhere. This made it impossible for a girl graduat-
ing from the high school, but having no practical training, to ob-
tain a position; and instead of three years of rather irregular sub-
stituting, our graduates who expect to teach, are making prepara-
tion at Normal school, and our vacancies this year have been filled
by Normal graduates.
Our teachers' meetings, held every two weeks, have been very
interesting. During the year, we have read and discussed Dutton's
'"Social Phases of Education," McMurray's "General Method," and
Hinsdale's '^4.rt of Study." Not only have these books been read
and discussed, but some of tlie ideas gained have been put into
practice, so that the influence of our meetings is felt in the school
room.
The teachers have done careful and conscientious work through-
out the term. We have been more thorough. The reading, par-
ticularly in the lower grades, has been greatly improved. Charts
for the mechanics of reading, combined with the New Educational
Readers, have given most gratifying results. Our language work
has advanced v.ith the reading. We are getting more enthusiasm
along this line, from the primary dei)artment to the high school.
The annual exhibit of school work was held the second Saturday
in June. This shows the actual grade work, gives the parent a
chance to see just what his child can do, and to compare the work
of the different pupils. The interest shown this year by the parents
fully repaid the teachers for the time and energy spent in prepara-
tion.
The graduating class numbered fourtc^Mi — fiv(^ morc^ than last
year. There were nine boys and five girls. Two of the boys have
received college scholarships. Three others, two boys and a girl,
expect to go to college in the near future. Three of the February
170 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
class have nearly completed a business course, and two others ex-
pect to enter a business college in the fall.
The commencement was well attended. Prof. Charles Albert,
of Bloomsburg, made the address. The class acquitted themselves
creditably, and the whole programme was a most appropriate close
to a high school course.
The number of pupils in our high school is increasing rapidly.
This is probably due in part to the new factory law. It keeps the
boys and girls in the upper grades, until they reach a point where
interest gets hold of them, and keeps them in the school until they
graduate, but notwithstanding the increased number in our upper
grades, we have granted during the year eighty-four certificates.
This makes additional work for the superintendent, who in addi-
tion to supervision and office work, must teach Latin and Science
in the high school. There is imperative need for another teacher
in the high school, and he hope in our next report to tell you of an
increased force in that department.
CORRY— V. G. Curtis.
Returning to the scene of my former labors after an absence from
the State of over twenty years, it has been a pleasure to find the city
of Corry still in the forefront of educational progress. The elegant
new high school with its artistic architecture and its complete mod-
c-rn equipment, the free public library conveniently accessible to
teachers and students, a faithful and enthusiastic corps of teachers
keenly alive to the responsibilities of their high calling, a competent
progressive board of directors unanimous in their desire to promote
the important interests committed to their care, and last though not
least, a strong sentiment in the coinmunity which demands the best
possible schools to be had with the means at hand, are still positive
indications of substantial progress and show plainly what a powerful
bold the schools of Corry have on the minds and consciences of the
people.
Under these favorable conditions and on account of the intimate
and agreeable relations which I have alwaysi sustained with the peo-
ple of Corry, resulting from my former experience in the manage-
ment of their schools, I apprehended no difficulty in being able to
harmonize and unify the schools work and to stimulate andi encour-
age all the educational forces in the community. To that end' I have
No. 6. CORRY. 171
dkected my most earnest efforts. With what degree of success we
shall have to await the answer of time and perhaps the judgment of
the next generation,
Kealizing the full truth of that very old educational maxim " as is
the teacher, so is the school," my first efforts w^ere directed to the
improvement and inspiration of the teaching force. The usual means
of professional training were made use of. General teachers' meet-
ings and grade meetings were held at which general educational
topics were discust and special work pertaining to the grades was
outlined and illustrated.
The teachers manifested a most excellent spirit and were always
ready and willing to respond to any appeal for extra effort or study
which promised to give them increased power to train the minds and
strengthen the characters of their puj)ils. These meetings we trust
have produced good results and have given our school work a general
uplift.
In order to improve the surroundings and adorn the somewhat bar-
ren school rooms, special stress was laid on school room decoration
at the beginning of the year. Some of the teachers' meetings were
devoted to this subject, and prizes were offered in the way of pictures
to those keeping their school rooms in the most perfect order and
state of cleanliness. Both teachers and pupils responded admirably.
Many reproductions of art masterpieces now adiorn the walls of the
school rooms and the interest is still maintained.
Another new feature in the way of "mind, heart and hand train-
ing" was introduced in the schools with excellent results, and that
was the school gardening and the improvement of vacant lots. The
seventh, eighth and ninth grades of the schools were organized under
the name of Junior Civic Improvement Leagues, whose object was to
lend their aid in keeping the school grounds and the streets of the
city cleaner and more sanitary and in beautifying home and public
grounds. Several of the leagues selected vacant and uncared for
city lots, spaded and leveled them, and planted them with flowers
and vegetables.
Some unsightly were thus transformed into beauty spots and one
of these school gardens received a prize of |5.00 offered for open
competition by the "North American" of Philadelphia for the great-
est improvement in an unimproved city lot.
Both the autumn and Spring Arbor Days were observed in all the
schools with a special effort to inculcate in the minds of the pupils
a love of nature, a know^ledge of soils and the processes of plant
growth and a realization of the inestimable value of the products of
the soil and of the urgent necessity of forest preservation and of
tree culture from an economic standpoint.
Ot^mmittees from the local Post of the G. A. E. visited all tlie
172 li PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
schools on Memorial Day, in accoTdanc(,' witli a pit-airangcd sclicdule,
and with sliort patriotic talks from the old soldiers, including; the
illustration and explanation of the army bugle calls, and with the
programs of music and recitations rendered by the pujjils the oc-
casion was fraught with much interest and a profound impression
was made on the minds of the children, which will doubtless be of
great influence in laying- the foundation of patriotic citizenship.
The public library established only a few years ago under the gen
eral library laws of the State, is becoming an important factor in
the educational life of the city. The number of patrons and tht^ num-
ber of books drawn are mateirially increasing with every month.
Large additions have been made during the year to the juvenile
department and under the direction of the teachers, a taste for a
wholesome class of literature is being lieveloped am'ong the young
people.
The high school of the city of Corry has been long noted for its
higli standard of efticienicy and I am pleased to note that it continues
to maintain the same standard of excellence and continues to grow
in popularity and power. The courses are thorough and compre-
hensive, and under the competent and skillful management of Miss
Mary L. Breene and her faithful assistants most excellent work is
accomplished. The graduates stand high in scholastic attainments
and are able to enter the first class colleges and technical schools
without further preparation, and as a rule maintain excellent stand-
ing in the higher institutions. Seventeen students were graduated
from the high school at the close of the year and ten have entered
college or university.
Commencement exercises were held as usual in the high school
auditorium and the keen interest of Ihe general public was evinced
by a large attendance. Ur. Thomas M. Crowe of Bulfalo, of the
class of '80 delivered the address to the graduating class, which was
an eloquent and suggestive appeal foi higher ideals in American
citizenship.
The high school furnished the music and part of the literary pro-
gram. A pleasing feature of the graduating exercises was the
awarding of the two prizesi for excellence in composition. These
prizes were given by Mr, Frederick J. AVest of New York, a graduate
of the Corry High School, class of '81.
The thirty-ninthi annual reunion of the High School Alumni Asso-
ciation was an event of more than ordinary interest. It was the
largest and most enthusiastic gathering in the history of the Asso-
ciation. Members were present from many different states, from
the far Dakotas to sunny Louisiana. Some were in attendance who
had not met their classmates for a quarter of a century, but from the
No. 6. DANVILLE. 173
(hiss of '74 to tlie class of 'OG all were aniniated by the same loyalty
(o llii'ir Alma Mater.
I)iiiiii<; the toasts and speech making after the banciiiet, (lie mat-
ter of manual traininj;- was taken up ami the Alumni present sboweil
their loyalty to the school by offeriiij; to raise a sum sufficient to
purchas<' (he necessary eciuipment to install a manual i)lant provided
the board of directors would employ an instructor. Unfortunately
the state of finances would not warrant the board in the expense of
an additional instructoi' for the coming year, and we are obliged to
posiiKmc^ the introductioii of this important and valuable feature of
modern education into our schools. It is earnestly to be hoped that
the board will see its way clear to make a beginning in this direction
before another year passes.
DANVILLE— U. L. Gordy.
In my annual report to the Department of Public Instruction, I
wish to state that the work in. all its features has been carried on
throughout the year in a most desirable way, and gratifying results
have been obtained. Unity of purpose and effort on the part of those
concerned seems to be the proper explanation of this. The general
public, directors, teachers and pupils appear to have their interest
centred in making the public school system an efficient factor for
good in the community, and spare no reasonable means of support
to attain this end.
The schools were opened August 28 for a term of nine mouths, and
closed May 25. Thirty-one teachers were regularly employed, and
1,233 pupils enrolled; of these, four teachers and 155 pupils were in
the high school. The pupils attended an average of 94 per cent.,
one teacher resigned unceremoniously during the term, and one was
ill of diphtheria.
Every provision of the Compulsory School Law was successfully
enforced. A few arrests for non-attendance were made, and fines
imposed; sufficient to convince the indifferent pupil and parent that
the State regulations must be observed. Thirty-four pupils failed
to attend 75 per cent, of the time belonged as required by local ar-
rangement, but invariably on account of sickness.
The new rules governing employment certificates to children be-
tween 14 and 16 years of age caused more or less confusion at the
beginning of the year, but the public seems to have been educated to
174 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
them, and no difficutly is now experienced. Tlie provisions of the
act were lived up to faitlifully, though your superintendent is of the
humble opinion that the matter can be materially simplified without
sacrifice of desired ends.
The much exploited (piestion of vaccination was not a feature in
our school district. No pupil was admitted befoTe presenting a cer-
tificate of successful vaccination from a reputable physician. No
difficulties were encountered, and few or no adverse criticisms were
heard.
The most difficult thing to get established is the quarantine law in
cases of certain cioiitagious diseases, and the matter of excluding from
school pupils from infected homes 30 days following the fumigation
of the house. The cause seems to lie with the thoughtlessness of
some physicians whose professional opinion is that all danger has
passed when 10 or 15 days have elapsed after fumigation, and give
a note to the pupils to that effect. Refused admission with such a
certificate, agrieved parties can hardly be made to understand what
the school authorities are obliged to do. However, we succeeded in
enforcing a strict interpretation of the law.
The new course of study, ordered published about a year ago, was
put in effect at the beginning of the year. No radical changes in
the line of work done ui> to this point were made. The purpose was
to systematize and state the outline of studies in such a way that the
teacher could grasp as a whole the work to be done in her grade; also
gain a comprehensive idea of what her pupils had done in the grade
below, and were expected to do in the grade above. General instruc-
tion meetings of teachers with this in view were held from time to
time during the year. A copy of this course of study has been filed
at the Department.
The most conspicuous change in our work was the arrangement of
a grad'ed course of reading for pupils. A list of 12 or 15 books was
provided for each grade, including fairy stories, folk-lore, works of
fiction, travel, nature, biography, history and poetry. These selec-
tions were made upon the principle that children of a school age are
not able to select their own reading properly, and many parents
are just as incapable, while many woiild do no reading at all without
definite direction. The trustejes of the Thomas Beaver Free Library
generously extended to us the use of their books, and the results,
though not what we have in mind to attain, were all that could be ex-
pected. The librarians tell us that never in the history of the in-
stitution were so many and good books read as during the past year.
To see that these books are read as they should be, written outlines
are referred to the teacher, and these made the basis of Friday after-
noon exercises.
The graduating class of the high school numbered 27 "this year,
No. 6. DUBOIS. 175
the largest in the history of the school. Of these, 15 were students
from the eommercial course, the first to graduate from that depart-
ment. Some of these have since been located in city offices as
stenographers and typewriters, book-keepers, etc., and proved satis
factory to their employers. AVith our good eipiipment, we feel that
commercial work, as the business w'orld requires it, is a demonstrated
success with us, and a feasible proposition in any public school where
the proper conditions are supplied. Morever, it is a line of instruc-
tion that the public has a right to demand.
Your superintendent attended the meeting at Altoona, and Mr.
Jacob Fischer and Mr. W. H. Orth were delegates to the directors'
convention at Harrisburg. Extended reports of proceedings and
benefits derived were made t'o the local board at subsequent meetings.
Without further detail, we repeat that a school year has just ended
in which there is little for us to regret, and much to encourage.
Already plans are being formulated for the work of next year. With
no projects in view that are new, but with a firm resolve to do and
have done better work along lines hertofore operative, we hope for
great things, and with the same hearty co-operation of all exponents
of the public school system — the publie, the directors, the teachers,
the pupils, the press, and prominently among these — the Depart-
ment— as that manifest heretofore, who shall say that we can not
succeed?
DU BOIS— J. H. Alleman.
The work of the term has been very satisfactory. With the ex-
ception of several weak teachers, we have had nothing to mar the
progress and even tenor of the previous years' work. All educational
facilities must dwindle into insignificance when placed into the hands
of incompetent, indiiferent, easy-going, drift-along teachers. No in-
competent or negligent teacher should be permitted to blast the
future [jossibilities of child-life. Who can estimate the loss?
Who is the good teacher in school work? This question submitted
to public sentiment would often places the crown upon the heads of
the most unworthy. The easy-going, drift-alonj;-. happy-go-lucky
worker, who flatters parents and pu])ils with marks on re]>ort cards
that have never been earned, and \vhose gilt-edgtd statements to
Johnny's mother or father picture the remarkable brilliancy and pro-
gress of a remarkable pupil taught by a remarkable teacher;
176 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
such often get the crown of honor, the palm of victory, and the almost
unanimous approval of the community. Such cases are rare; but
every community has its atflictions plong this line. Often no one
possesses the necessary courage and manliness to expose such decep-
tion and weakness, owing to the inevitable scathing sentiment ex-
pressed by the misguided and deceived public.
The greatest farce can often muster the strongest battalions of
friendship, sympathy and popularity. Parents and citizens too fre-
quently judge teachers without even visiting their schools; without
ever observing their work and results; without the slightest knowl-
edge of their work, except such as is based upon the judgment of
a well-pleased or a prejudiced little child. What business man would
be willing to be guided by the judgment of a little child, even in such
a trifling matter a® the purchase of a. horse, a shovel or a. saw? Yet
in the responsible duties of school work, judgment based upon such
assumption, is often proclaimed upon the house-tops by very good
citizens.
It requires close obsei-ration of a tfacher's work, frequent visits
to her school, a thorough knowledge of what good teaching really is,
a careful test of the work accomplished and the results obtained,
in addition to good judgment, to form an accurate idea and to give
a fair unbiased report of each teacher's work and abilities. Such
work is not the result of a single day. Superficial supervision never
discovers the actual facts and results in any teacher's schiool. Close
supervision so often reveals, "That things are not what they seem."
The term just ended may justly be called a year of close supervi-
sion. Tlie methods and plans of supervision have been such that
few, if any, weaknesses could escape liunoticed. It is a hopeful con-
dition for the schools when teachers realize and openly remark that
poor teaching and results can no longer escape detection in the
Du liois schools.
Among various plans was that of giving tests on the work covered
in the different grades and examining such tests in the superinten-
dent's office. The results of the various grades were averaged com-
parisons were made with the marks of the monthly report cards,
general reports were issued to teachers and pupils concerning the re-
sults— suggestions were given to the teachers who needed them — iu
shioi t, the enltire plan served as stimulation, inspiration and perspira-
tion to teacher and pupils. Carelessness, lack of thoroughness, etc..
were exposed and corrected. The drift-along, kill-time teacher and
pupils were, figurative^ly speaking, placed in the sweat box to receive
the necessary inforniiation and reformation.
All the rooms of our four buildings were well filled, and one extra
school was conducted in the C. Y. M. C. A. building. Next term it
will be necessary to have from three to four extra schools in rented
No. 6. d'UBOIS. 177
iHWiiis — this often proves unsatisfactoiy and (Irtrhuental to the best
interests of the sehools.
The high school numbered one lumdied and ninety-tive pupils, the
largest enrollment in the history of the sehools. The total enroll-
ment of all the schools was nineteen hundred ninety-five, present in-
dications are that we need a modern high school building, sutficieiitly
large to accommodate the high school and the grammar grades, to
relieve the over-crowded conditions in the various ward buildings.
Such building should be up-to-date in every particular, providing for
the introduction of manual training, domestic science, etc. Senti-
ment is slowing growing along these lines among the directors and
the citizens who are interested in the welfare of the rising genera-
tion.
At the close of the commencement exercises. President M. I. Mc-
Creight, who has served on the board in the capacity of President
for the last thirteen, years, delivered a very able address on the neces-
sity of Manual Training in our schools. Du Bois is blessed with an
up-to-date, progressive board of directors who labor zealously to at-
tain the highest possible standard for our schools.
The address by M. I. McCreight is submitted in part as follows:
"The main reason for schools is that our boys and girls may be
taught how to be successful men and women. It is that they may
be self dependent in the great practical working world.
We purport to teach them what they need to know to be success-
ful in life — but do we succeed?
We send the boys out able to say how to saw a board and weigh
a pound of nails and keep a set of books; but can they do it? Have
we a boy in the class who can dig coal; survey a mine ov run an en-
gine? I doubt it, yet our whole community depends largely upon
just that kind of work. If "the ladder of fame" were a thing of
wood — our boys could not ascend — if first required to build one.
Our girls here graduated will match the best in the branches of
our high school course, yet if I asked for volunteers to bake good
bread or trim a hat, or milk a cow, you would not see a hand go up
in all the class. We send out our b'oyh and girls to make their way
in the w^orld, yet if this class were turned loose in a field of corn,
they would probably starve for want of knowing how to bake a
pumpkin pie. This is a practical age. It is the man or woman who
can do things if we would have them succeed. We must progress.
Times have changed and we must change. We want the x>eople of
Du Bois to ecjualize the tax list that we may pay more salaries. The
high priced teacher is the cheap tearher. We pay flOO a month for
a man to train mir horse; we pay 140 or |50 a month to train our
boy; the man for flOO handles one horse; the man for |50 handles 50
12—6—1906
178 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
boys — flOO a month for the horse — fl a month for the boy. We
want the people of Du Bois to join tlie board and superintendent in
reforming ourselves. We want to install in our school the hammer
iind anvil, the saw and plane, the dynamo, the transit, the lathe and
the book-keeper's desk. The kitchen cabinet and the sewing ma-
chine. Then — ^then when our boys and girls go out to earn money
to go to college and become lawyers or football players, they will
get positions, for they are able to do. They know how. It is^ the boy
who can do things that makes his way, and the world is full of places
for him. Let us teach the thing in school that will help the boy after
he leaves school. It is only the ammunition we need supply, the
man behind the gun will do the rest."
The graduating class numbered twenty-nine pupils, the largest
in the history of the school. Rev. Elliot A. Boyd delivered the ad-
dress to the class on the subpject, "The Seen and the Unseen."
DUNMORE— C. F. Hoban.
Despite the fact that we lost some very able teachers at the be-
ginning of the school year, the past year has been one of general pro-
gress in Dunmore. Handicapped at the outset by the resignations
of Prof. Costello, head of the department of Latin; Miss Mary Mc-
Lane, principal of the Commercial department, and Prof. Davis, prin-
cipal of the high school, acceptable candidates were found in the
persons of Prof. Ellis, who was made principal of the high school;
Prof. Tuckley, who was made vice-principal, and Mis» Estelle Wilz,
who was made head of the Commercial department. Through the
excellent service of these teachers, the work of the high school has
been carried successfully on, and with almost double the number of
pupils of any former year.
The work in the grades has been particularly gratifying. The at
tendance in all grades has been the largest in the history of the
schools, and the percentage of promotions the highest yet attained.
This record is due entirely to the greater enthusiasm manifested by
the teachers and the masterful drill work in the essentials.
An impetus to the broader education of the teacher was given in
the recpiest of one of our teachers for n leave of absence during the
year that she might take some higher work. At the close of th(^
year thirteen teachers took special work at a normal school.
The music in the Dunmore schools has been a matter of great
No. 6. DUNMORE. * j ' 179
pride to the teachers and parents, ^^'e believe it to be as good as
in any city or borougli in tlie State. During tlie year contests were
held in each grade above the second. Tliese contests not only
aroused a great deal of enthusiasm, but gave opportunity to com-
pare the work of the ditterent teachers in vocal music.
The annual oratorical contest was neld on March 1(;, and as usual
a great crowd was in attendance. The decisions were not announced
until the evening of commencement, an innovation that proved very
lK)pular,
The compulsory education law was rigidly enforced throughout
the year. Fifty-nine arrests were made, and one factory proprietor
I>rosecuted for employing girls under 33. One hundred and seventy-
three certificates were issued to boys and girls who went to work in
factories. But one certificate was issued under the mine law. It
will be observed from this that the officials to whom the duty of en-
forcing the mine law has been entrusted, are absolutely indifferent;
in fact, I have no hesitancy in saying that no attention whatever is
paid to the enforcement of the law. The school authorities insist on
the boys attending school until they are 13, but after they reach that
age, they have no trouble in securing employment about the mines
and breakers. The mine law is a dead letter in Dunmore. I am pre-
pared to present to the proper authorities dozens of names of boys
who are under 14 and working about the mines.
By a unanimous vote of the teachers last February, it was decided
to hold a separate institute the first week in September. There were
four reasons for doing this, viz: It would be possible to hold the in-
stitute at a time best suited to the needs of the schools; it would
enable the teachers to secure instructors of their own choosing, ones
wlio would give instruction along the lines of our greatest needs; it
would give Dunmore its owui permanent certificate committee, and
would afford an opportunity to the members of the higher classes
of the high school, of attending the hctures thereby benefitting by
the inspiration. Arrangements for this meeting have been com-
pleted and the teachers are very enthusiastic over the class of in-
structors that has been provided. We have been especially fortu-
nate in securing the services of Hon. Henry Houck, Prof. F. H.
Green of West Chester, Prof. W. S. Monroe of the Westfield Mass.
Normal, Mrs. Bessie Clements of Jersey City, and Dr. W. M. Reedy
of Scranton
"We are looking forward to the coming year with very bright pros-
pects. We have lost three teachers, but their places have been filled
with applicants of known ability.
"PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
EASTON— ^^'m. W. Cottiugham.
As no change of noteworthy importance affecting either the policy
or the administration of the schools of this locality is presentable,
and as the achievements of the year are fully up to the standard of
scholastic attainment usually reached in this district, there is seem-
ingly no need of special comment on the work of the schools of this
city.
Indications of assured progress were visible in all departments of
school work, and by reason of a well fcnuulated system of classifica-
tion and instruction under the guidance of a painstaking corps of in-
telligent and earnest teachers, the work accomplished was most
gratifying in its results.
With the view of instilling right principles of character and con-
duct, a systematic course of instruction in morals was introduced as
a special exercise in all the schools of this city. In this era of graft,
greed and corruption with their train of demoralizing influences vic-
timizing the integrity of the community, there is an urgent demand
foi' an effort to fortify our youth against these and Mother insidious
and pernicious influences. Our aim therefore has been to lay special
stress upon pnr(^ morals as the basis of true character, and in pur-
suance thereof every teacher was enjoined to devote a portion of time
daily throughout the entire term in an effort to inculcate in the
minds of their pupils high moral aims and purposes as the surest
guide to a complete, successful and honorable life.
In obedience to the requirements of the act of Assembly, humane
in t^ tract ion was incorporated as an addtional branch of study in the
schoiol curriculum, and proved a subject of special interest to cliil-
(Iren, and of great value to teachers as a means of instilling in the
minds of pupils a just conception of the true and beautiful in the
realm of benevolence and justice.
This year, 1906, marks th(^ fiftieth class that has graduated from
the Easton High School, and in commemoration of this half century
event, the class for the first time in the history of the school, donned
the mortarboard and gown on the octasion of the late commence-
ment exercises.
This year's graduating class consisted of fifty-six members equally
divided as to sex, and distributed as follows in tlic^ several depart-
nu'ntal courses of high school instruction:
Connuercial course, 7 males, 14 tduales; general scientific, 15
males, 8 females; Latin scientific, 4 nuiles, 4 females; Greek scientific,
I female; classical, 2 males, 1 femq,le.
A veiy pleasing and inteicsting feature of the closing (^xercises of
No. 6. ERIE. 181
the late nij,di School Coiumencenicnr, was the t'uiinal presentation of
sehohirships and a, conuuercial priz<^ to the followinji,- deserviuj^' mem-
bers of the Class :
'Mr. Joseph F. Crater having- attained the highest final grade of the
class, was awarded the free scholarship at I^fayette College wMch
was presented by I'rof . John M. Mecklin of the College Faculty.
Miss Kalte Ernst having fulfilled all the required conditions, was
awaided the free scholarship of the Woman's College of Baltimore,
Md., which was presented by George F. P. Young, Esq., a member of
the board of control.
The commercial prize consisting of a sum of money annually do-
nated for the purpose by a proininent mercantile firm of this city,
was awarded to Mr. George W. Sitgreaves the leader of his in point
of grade in the commercial course, and presented by Mr. A. D. Mc-
Ilhaney the head of the commercial department.
A new feature of the occasion was the awarding of a free scholar-
shii> of Lafayette College placed at the disposal of the High School
Alumni Association by the trustees of the College, and to be granted
by said association to a needy male grjiduate on specified conditions
of class standing and deportment. Mr. Arthur I. Beilin having ful-
filled all the required conditions, was awarded the Alumni Scholar-
ship by Mr. Wesley M. Heiberger a representative member of the
Alumni Association.
The enthusiasm of the teachei-s in support of the University Ex-
tension Course established during the year, has not diminished as
evidenced not only by the attendance and interest displayed but oy
the general appreciation extended to the lecture course as a means
of culture.
The local teachers' institute, weekly grade meetings and Normal
class were maintained as usual, and composed the chief agencies that
were operative in inspiring higher aims in professional knowledge
and skill and in stimulating activity in the direction of harmonizing
effort and rationalizing practice in school room work.
ERIE— H. C. Missimer.
Our total public school enrollment foi the year ] 00.5-00 was 8,28C,
a net increase of 25:^ over the preceding y<^ai-. It was distributed as
follows :
182 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Uoc.
High school (including :>1 in Normal ncpartment), 747
Grades, 7,(H;(i
Kindergarten, 7s
Ungraded school ol), 14 duplicated 25
Night schools, 'M'2
Mechanical drawing school 58
Total, 8,286
Parochial and other schoiols :^,842
Total in all schools 12,128
P'stimated jiopulation of the city, on the basis of five times
the school enrollment, G0,G40
No new features were added to the schools during the year. Ger-
man is still taught in all grades from the primary up. Though an
optional study, 85 per cent, of the ciiildrcn in the grades take it, on
the card request of the parents.
Manual training was given to 788 })upils during the year from our
5th, 6th and 7th grades for one hoiir every two weeks. A display of
their work in one of our store windows on the main street attracted
wide attention. Instruction in cooking and housework reached about
200 girls from the 6th and 7th grades, and the 1st and 2d years of the
high school. These two f(^atures of oui school work are deservedly
popular with our people.
The work of the public scIkwiI in the elementary grades must neces-
sarily be conservative.
Sixty-six per cent, of the school enrollment in our city are in the
primiary grades; twenty-five per cent, are in the grammar grades;
nine per cent, are in the high school.
These figures may vary slightly from year to year, but they uni-
formly declare that the great woi-k of the public school lies in the
grades below the high schoiol. With ari average school life there is
but four or five years of 200 days each at the most, that work must
be oonfined to the things and subjects that are fundamental every-
where to the intelligent citizenship requisite to government by the
people. There is no time for experimental or sentimental "side
issues" of any kind. The business of the school is to do its essential
work as thoroughly as possible by the simplest, the clearest, the most
direct methods, and by the best possible teaching. We aim to do
this in Erie.
A miatter of grave and seiious concern atfecting the school sys-
tems of oair citi(^s is the raj)idly growing- increase in child labor.
Erie has not escaped this industrial infectiou. It is safe to sav that
No. «. ' FRANKLIN. 183
there are from tive to six hundred children in our city between the
ages of 14 and 10 engaged in child Irbor. It is greatly to be de-
plored. To put a child to a round of monotonous work, for ten hours
a day, before he has reached his full growth is a crime against the
child, a crime against society. ( 'iiildreii on a farm may work and yet
live sane and healthy lives. In a factory it is different. The fac-
tory kills children, physically, meutaiiy and morally. Yet there are
thousands of immature children in the factories of this free country
to-day. Keep them at it only a few years and we have weaklings
and degenerates that no after care can help. They may grow up
after a fashion, but they will be utterly lacking in physique, in the
mental vigor which is needed to overcome difficulties, and in the
moral stamina which makes a man stick to his work whether he likes
it or net.
Premature labor day by day breaks down the human system, and
brings on premature decay and disease. Thousands of children go
to work prematurely every year, when they ought to be going to
school. Many of them are working in the shop, the store, or the
mill against every law, civil and moral. The great industrial states
of 'Massachusetts, New York, rennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois are
the- largest employers of such labor. They are not the only ones, nor
art they the worst. Such an industrial policy in the long run will
be sure to breed social, physical and moral decay throughout the
nation.
FRANKLIN— Charles E. Lord.
During the school year ending June 4, 1906, good work was done
in our schools though it was impossible to do as well as we wished
in one of the buildings on account of its crowded condition. Fifty
to fifty-five pupils are too many for one teacher to handle to good
advantage. A two-room addition to the building in question is be-
ing built and will be ready for use at the opening of the next term.
For years the work in a number of rooms has been seriously
inteifered with by a few boys and girls who were in some cases
truants, in some inclined to be disorderly, in some dull and back-
ward and consequently much older than the great majority of pupils
of their grade. It seems to me that it would be better for all con-
cerned if such pupils were cared for in a room by themsi'lves under
the charge of a thoroughly competent teacher and I hojte to see the
plan tried soon.
Early in the year the Board made it possible for all the grade
14
1»4 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
teaeiieis to obseive the work doue in other rooms of the same or
nearly the same grade by authorizing the superintendent to select
the visiting teacher, the time, and the school to be visited, while
the visiting teacher's place was tilled by a regular supply teacher.
The teacht^rs were glad of the chance to see what their co-workers
were doing and much good resulted to both the teachers and the
schools. One teacher told me she had taught in Franklin for nearly
twenty years and that she had never before had an opportunity
to visit a room in Franklin where work of her grade was going on.
This plan will probably be followed more extensively next year.
In the belief that there ought to be more time given to oral spell-
ing, special attention was given to that subject and careful division
of words into syllables was required. Thorough and persistent drill
on the fudamental operations of arithmetic was a prominent feature
in all rooms where that subject was taught; while such subjects as
compound proportion, compound interest, exchange, cube root, pro-
gressions, and several others, were either entirely omitted or treated
very briefly. Accuracy, rapidity, and neatness of written work were
made special objects to be attained.
To secure promotion from the eighth grade to the high school
each pupil was required to obtain a standing of 75 per cent, in each
and e\ ery subject pursued during the eighth grade year. This stand-
ing depended almost entirely upon the work done from day to day
and upon tests given from time to time as seemed best. Het ex-
aminations had very little to do with the final results. Those fall-
ing below in not more than two subjects were conditioned with the
privilege of making up deficiencies during the summer and being
admitted in the fall. Those who failed in more than two subjects
are to take the work again next year. Two were conditioned on ac-
count of their slovenly and careless writing, although well prepared
in all other subjects. Both are busily and earnestly engaged with
their copy books this summer.
The idea that a pupil should be admitted to the high school on
age, whether he has ever tried to do good work w noit, on tiie ph a
that he will have a chance to show what he can do and may do well,
does not appeal to me favorably. No one has been admitted who
has not made a creditable record in the eighth grade and who does
not appear capable and inclined to take hold of high school work.
It has been my experience that poorly prepared pupils and those
admitted for the purpose of trying their mettle almost always make
a failure of their work and receive little or no benefit themselves
while their presence often does the rest of the school harm instead
of good.
The only exception 1 would make would be in the case of the boy
No. 6. GREENSBURG. 185
or girl from the coimtry distiiots wlio lias liad but little chance to
attend school hut who appears bright and anxious to learn.
At the close of the term 14 girls and 6 boys were graduated. The
commencement address was delivered by Hon. J. A\'. Lee, of Pitts-
burg.
GREENSBURG— Thos. 8. March.
The past year has been one of unusual progress. At the first
meeting of the Board an aggressive policy was decided upon. xVf ter
talking over the various repairs needed it was decided that the build-
ing committee give an exhaustive report of the needs of the district
at an adjourned meeting. This was done and during the summer
the suggestions embodied in that report were carried out. Among
the more important of these were the cleaning and calcimining all
the buildings; the frescoing the auditorium in the high school build-
ing; the placing of granolithic walks about the new building in the
Fifth ward, grading and sodding the grounds and planting shade
trees about them; the cutting dov^n trees in front of the Second
ward properties; the cementing the floor of the basement in the
Fourth w'ard building and connecting the well of the engine with
the sewer, the placing of steel ceilings in a number of rooms, and
putting the engines in the high school and number two buildings
in proper repair. All these things occupied most of the summer but
as few repairs had been made for years, they were very necessary.
Many other things were done by the Board which entailed much
work upon their part. At the command of the State Factory In-
spector lire escapes were erected upon the high school building;
the basement of the building was remodeled s^o as to be suitable
for a gymnasium and the needed work of beautifying the Fourth
ward grounds was started. The latter necessitated the construc-
tion of many yards of concrete wall and pavement and much grad-
ing. The total cost will be between three and four thousand dol-
lars.
In September a new eight room building w^as opened in the Fifth
ward with every room filled. It had been finished last year but it
was thought best to wait until this year before occupying it. It
is heated and ventilated by a fan system and all of its sanitary
arrangements are the latest and best. It is a credit to the town
and adds very much to the beauty of that section of the community.
The e(iuipping that building with books and materials made addi-
tional work for the committee on books and supplies. The adop-
ISfi PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
lion of a new course of study containing a course in literature neces-
sitated otlier extensive purchases by the same committee; but the
work was so thoroughly done that the schools were probably never
better equipped than they have been during the past year.
The new building necessitated a reclassitication of the town. Dis
satisfaction was to be expected, but as the readjustments were made
with absolute impartiality, surprisingly little developed.
A number of changes were made in the arrangement and personel
of the teaching force. An additional teacher was chosen in the
grades, the position of principal was created in the grammar school
and an additional department in the high school. These were all
required on account of the crowded condition of the schools. Yet
even then the rooms were overcrowded. During the year there
were in all fourteen new teachers chosen and as great care was taken
in their selection almost all of them were undoubted successes, and
none of them failures. The superintendent was sent over a thou-
sand miles to look up good teachers and the Board was guided en-
tirely by his judgment, realizing that it would not be right to hold
him responsible for the condition of the schools if they did not per-
mit him to choose those through whom alone he could expect to
realize success.
In the high school probably the most notable advances were made.
The employment of a fifth teacher made it possible to create a
IJepartment of Modern Languages. German had been taught be-
fore, but that course was strengthened and French added. United
States history was also introduced in the Senior year.
A gymnasium was furnished by the Board at a cost of about |7()0
and equipped by the pupils with apparatus valued at about |600.
During the year a school journal was published by the pupils and
it has not only been a credit to them but has given them valuable
training.
The Underwood trustees with their usual generosity and good
judgment presented the school with a handsome piano and music
books were purchased by the Board. This created a new atmos-
phere in the school which was very beneficial. The high school
music was placed in charge of Mr. Shorthouse the grammar school
principal, who is an accomplished musician. In addition to the
piano the Underwood trustees gave the school what chemicals were
needed in the laboratory and many useful and valuable books.
During the year some of the schools suffered from contagious
diseases. This led to the adoption of more stringent rules for the
government of the janitors. Every building, in addition to the
usual daily cleaning, is now thoroughly mopped or scrubbed once a
week with disinfectants. In order to hnv<> this done the salaries
of the janitors were increased 58 per cent. The total increase of
No. 6. HANOVER. 187
salaries for teachers and janitors for the whole borough for the com-
ing 3'ear over the last is over |11,000 or more than 40 per cent, of the
original amount I'aid.
In June, 11)05, letters patent were issued which consolidated the
boroughs of Greeusburg, East Greensburg, Southeast Greensburg
and Ludwick into the new borough of Greensburg. This increases
the number of directors from 15 to 20, the number of teachers from
34 to 55, and the number of pupils from 1,500 to 2,1-500. The bring-
ing of these systems to a common standard means largel}^ increased
expense and work. The board has met the issue fairly by levying
a total tax of 15 mills for next year, and they have formulated plans
which will result in the uniform equipment of the whole district.
This brightens a prospect which might otherwise be far from en-
couraging and all are looking forward to a successful year.
HANOVER— J. C. Carey,
The school year just closed has been a year of growth and pro-
gress. With the support of a Board of liberal and progressive di-
rectors advances have been made in several lines.
The course of study for our high school was lengthened to four
years and scientific and commercial courses added. For the use
of classes in physics $350 worth of apparatus was purchased and an
excellent microscope was secured for work in Zoology and Botany
which subjects were taught this year for the first. The remodeling
of our high school building includes a laboratory of good dimen-
sions with which it will be possible to teach science work in the
modern way.
In charge of an excellent teacher the commercial department has
made a very good start and if present interest is maintained this
will undoubtedly prove a successful venture. The course extends
throughout four years and in addition to commercial branches in-
cludes all of the English and the mathematics of the other courses.
Crowded conditions in the grades necessitated the opening of an
additional school after the regular opening of the schools in Sep-
tember, and later it was necessary to divide a primary school, each
of the two sections having n half day session. In order to over-
come the crowded conditions and secure much-needed additional
room a large annex to the present high school building was planned
and is now well under way. This will provide four grade-rooms
188 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
aud give greater facility for carrying- on high school work — a labora
tory and a typewriting room being included in the plans.
Under the direction of our commercial teacher who visited each
grade school once a w(^ek, penmanship received great stimulus and
marked progress in this direction was made.
The vaccination law was thoroughly enforced and, although there
was some opposition to it, only five pupils out of an enrollment of
1,045 were refused admission because of failure to comply with its
in-ovisions. • This year for the first, attendance oflficers were ap-
pointed and fair results were obtained. Our factories employ many
children and some parents are inclined to keep children from school
for the most trivial causes. One prosecution with beneficial effect
was made. We anticipate the great improvement in this direction
which an energetic and fearless truant officer can produce.
Our thanks are due the Department for valuable assistance rend-
ered during the year.
HAKRISBURG— F. E. Downes.
The annual institute in Harrisburg was held during the last week
in August. An attempt was made to vary the program somewhat
by securing a larger number of instructors than usual. Our teachers
seemed to enjoy the change, not simply because by it they were
brought into contact with this greater number of prominent edu-
cators, but for the reason that the usual monotony of the week was
to a large degree avoided. We were fortunate in securing for the
occasion the following strong corps of instructors: Dr. C. T. McFar-
lane. Dr. Charles B. Oilbert. Dr. George W. Twitmyer, Dr. George
Edward Reed, Dr. John Howard Harris, Dr. George M. Philips,
Principal A. C. Rothermel. and Dr. S. S. Bishop.
Our percentage of attendance during the past year has been the
best in the history of our schools, in spite of the fact that there has
been much absence on account of sickness. This result has been
brought about in part by the fair weathtn' conditions, and in part,
l)erhaps, by a more rigid enforcement of the compulsory education
law. We have brought legal action for violation of the law upon
five different occasions, involving ninety-seven specific cases of viola-
tion. These suits certainly produced the desired effect in a large
majority of the cases involved, and the presumi)tion is that they
prevented violation of the law on the part of many others.
I am pleased to be able to report a very important change in
the salary schedule of our teachers. Heretofore our maximum
No. 6 HARRISBURG. 189
nioiitlil.v salai'ics have been |50, |55, |65 and $70, according to grade,
from the lowest primary grades to the highest grammar grades.
In the future these maxima will be |75, |7() and |75 taken in the same
order as indicated above. This adjustment will mean eventually
to our teachers increases in salary ranging from seven to fifty per
cent., the largest percentage of increase being provided in the low-
est primary grade. It will be seen that by the new arrangement
teachers in the lowest primary and the highest grammar grades will
eventually obtain the highest salaries paid in the grades, namely
|75, while all others will attain to a maximum of |70. These
changes, we believe, will make it possible to secure skill and ex-
perience in the lower as well as the higher grades and will prevent
the customary experimentation with beginners.
High school salaries also show improvement. Heretofore the
monthly salaries of teachers in the high schools have ranged from
a minimum of |70 to a maximum of -f 110. Under the new schedule
the minimum is |80 and the maximum |140, an increase of from 14
to 27 per cent.
For a number of years, owing to rapid increase of population,
but more especially because our principals, excepting those of the
high schools, are required to teach continuously, Harrisburg has
been without adequate supervision of teaching. The only super-
vision that has been possible, aside from that in the high schools,
is such as the Superintendent has been able to give in connection
with his many other duties. During the past year the Superin-
tendent made 1,018 visits to schools, though perhaps no more than
one-half of this number were made with the distinct purpose in view
of supervising teaching. Want of time prevented more than this.
It is evident that each of the 2.30 teachers in the district can receive
but a small portion of the Superintendent's time in helpful criticism
— perhaps an average of two hours annually. Recognizing this fact,
the Board of Directors recently created two district supervisorships
and elected to these positions two of the most experienced and com-
petent employes of the Board, namely, Dr. L. S. Shimmell, formerly
superintendent of the Huntingdon schools and for the last thirteen
years connected with our high school, and Prof. J. J. Brehm, for the
last nine years principal of one of our largest buildings. It is noit
expected that these officials will, in any sense, relieve the Superin-
tendent from his usual duties. Their services will be additional,
not substitutional. The special purpose in the creation of the new
offices is to secure increased efficiency in the work of teaching. Some
cities in our judgment are over supervised; in Harrisburg the con-
trary condition has prevailed. For years the district has suffer«Hl
from want of adecjuate supervision. The new officials will begin
their work in September.
190 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
In the year 190-4-1905 the total amount paid to teachers was |120,-
864.14; during the year just past, 1905-1906, the amount paid for
the same purpose was |128,995.45; and for the coming year, 1906-
1907, 1145,000 has been appropriated. Though this represents an
increased expenditure in salaries of twenty per cent. I am glad
to be able to state that there has been no increase in the millage as-
sessment for school purposes during the last two years.
We have now in operation a new and completely equipped tech-
nical high school. The new building was opened for use in January
and forms an important and necessary adjunct to our educational
system in this industrial community.
Our plans for the coming year are not fully formulated, but we
expect to make "•Individual Work" the watch-word. The idea of the
"survival of the fittest," too often used as an excuse for the failure
of pupils, has no place, in our judgment, in elementary education,
except in so far as children are mentally deficient. The end of
effort should be to make the backward pupils fit to survive.
HAZLE TOWNSHIP, LUZERNE COUNTY— Joseph B. Gabrio.
The total enrollment in the public schools of Hazle township for
the year ending June 4, 1906, was 3,432. Of this number more than
three per cent, were enrolled in the high school, a larger proportion
of the total enrollment than is found in the high schools of most
townships. About 22 per cent, were enrolled in the grammar grades,
29 per cent, in the intermediate grades, 40 per cent, in the primary
grades and 6 per cent, in mixed schools.
Fifty-four per cent, of the pupils are descendants of Italians, Hun-
garians, Poles and Slavs.
Our evening schools are well attended. During the winter we
had seventeen teachers employed. Average number of months
taught, 3.2. Total amount paid for teachers' wages, |1,362.50. Con-
tingent expenses, |189.79. Total number of scholars, 653. Average
evening attendance, |300. Cost of each pupil per month, |0.75.
The annual commencement exercises were held in Hazle Hall,
May 30. The class numbered fifteen, two boys and thirteen girls.
The hall was tastefully decorated and a large audience was pres-
ent and enjoyed the exercises.
Every feature of the program was well rendered and showed the
training the graduates have received in their four years' course.
Supt. James M. Coughlin, of Wilkes-Barre, was the speaker of
the evening. His address, which was very instructive, was full of
wit and he had the audience in good humor.
No. 6. . HAZLETON. 1»1
HAZLETON— D. A. Haiman.
The work of the past year was made somewhat difficult on account
of having a number of schools in rented rooms and others upon
half-day sessions until the completion, in January, of a sixteen-
roomed school house in the southwestern part of the city. The
building is a tine brick- veneered structure, modern in arrangement
and equipment and retiects much credit upon the Board of Con-
trollers who planned its erection and upon the citizens who, by a
vote of almost five to one, permitted them to bond the city for about
fifty thousand dollars above what the Board could have legally
done without their consent. All of our buildings are now modern
in the appointments except two and we have just let the contract
for the modernizing of one of them.
The course of study in the high school was enlarged so as to pro-
vide for a business department. Pupils now have the privilege of
electing a course that will fit them for college, normal school or,
if they are not privileged to pursue their studies further, for the
practical affairs of life.
Death invaded the ranks of our teaching force taking from us
Mr. Christopher Fagan, teacher of an A grammar grade and the prin-
cipal of the building that had been dedicated but a few weeks prioe
to his death. The following is a partial report upon his death by
the Superintendent of Schools to the Board of Controllers:
The adage, "Death loves a shining mark," has been strongly ex-
emplified in the death of Mr. Christopher Fagan. This community
has lost a valuable citizen, the schools a competent and faithful in-
structor, and his family a devoted husband and father. At a recent
meeting of the teachers of the city, appropriate resolutions upon the
loss that they sustained by his death were unanimously passed and
touching eulogies upon his life and character were expressed, * * *
Mr. Fagan's death is a loss to our schools that is keenly felt by
all who knew him best. He possessed to a large degree the vir-
tues that combine to make the truly successful teacher. His quali-
ties of mind and heart commanded the love and esteem of his asso-
ciates and pupils. He taught both by precept and example and
hence his influence for good will live in the hearts and lives of others,
though his voice is silent.
"Peace to the True Man's ashes ! Weep for those
Whose da3's in old delusions have grown old;
Such lives as his are triumphs, and their close
An immortality; weep not for him."
192 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Of late years we have been much encouraged by the progress
of the schools and the hearty support that has been given them by
the Board of Controllers, the press and the citizens generally. Op-
position to modern ideas of school organization, control, courses of
study, methods of instruction and fair salaries has almost entirely
ceased. The desire to provide the best possible education for the
youth of Hazleton is well-nigh universal and as a result school work
in the community is most pleasant and encouraging, All honor
to those men who, notwithstanding adverse criticism and misrepre-
sentation, persevered in pursuing a policy of advancement that has
resulted in giving the city excellent buildings and equipment, well-
balanced and complete courses of study and an earnest and efficient
corps of teachers.
HOMESTEAD— J. M. Norris.
On May 31, Homestead closed what we were pleased to call a good
year. While all that could have been done was not done, yet our
teachers were, as a body, faithful and earnest in the work, and
merited the praise of the school board and the patrons of the school
generally.
The citizens of Homestead are interested in their schools to an
unusual degree. Much of this public interest has been aroused by
mothers' meetings which were held in all the schools of the bor-
ough. Nearly every teacher of the borough bought pictures to
adorn the school room and make it homelike and attractive to the
children.
The pupils in one ward planted trees, vines and flowers and other-
wise beautified the school ground.
The enrollment in the ward schools last year was less than the
year previous, owing to very many of the children attending parochial
schools. However the attendance in our high school was large,
having enrolled about 160 pupils. We have recently installed a two
years' commercial course in our high school which has proven very
helpful in giving many of our boys and girls the opportunity of do-
ing office work at a reasonably good salary.
Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker attended the Founder's Day
exercises of the C. M. Schwab manual training school and by his
stirring address aroused much enthusiasm in this branch of our
work.
Our teachers were organized into a reading club which met
No. 6. HUNTINGDON. 193
moiithly, and many piobltMus of interest to the sehools were dis-
cnssed at these meetings.
Bryan's "Jiasis of J'ractieal Teaching" was read and studied. For
the year of 1!)((0-1!M)7. Dr. Samuel Hamilton's book on "The Kecita-
tion" will be read and discussed by the teachers.
The directors of the borough of Homestead cannot be commended
too highly for the interest they take in the affairs of our schools.
There are fifteen members on the Board, which meets monthly, and
rarely is there an absentee. A sanitary committee has so skillfully
handled the matter of contagious diseases, that we have not had the
usual depletion caused by them.
HUNTINGDON— E. R. Barclay.
The work in and for the schools of Huntingdon during the year
just closed has moved steadily forward along the essential lines of
progress. We have little that is new to report. Our energies were
spent in improving the teaching of those branches most essential
to the acquisition of knowledge and the power to use it for good.
We aimed to teach good habits to our pupils and I think we suc-
ceeded through the persistent and faithful efforts put forth by our
teachers.
Number enrolled in the primary and intermediate grades,. . 993
Number enrolled in the grammar grades, 172
Number enrolled in the high school grades 13S
Total, 1,303
Number who were graduated from the high school, 26
Forty-eight per cent, of all pupils below the grammar grades were
boys.
Forty-four and one-half per cent, of all grammar grade pupils were
boys.
Thirty-three and one-third per cent, of the high school pupils were
boys.
Seventy-six and one-third per cent, of all pupils below the gram-
mar grades were promoted.
Sixty-three per cent, of those in the grammar grades were pro-
moted.
Seventy-two per cent, of those in the high school were promoted.
Eleven and one-half per cent, of the school population were in
the high school.
13—6—1906
194 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
One-twelfth of one per cent, of the average attendance was tardy.
Two and one-half per cent, of the total enrollment were truants.
Eight monthly teachers' meetings were held during the year.
One of the most common criticisms heard about the schools in
Huntingdon as elsewhere is that we are teaching too much; that
the health of pupils is often impaired by over work, &c., &c. To
this class I must cite a few arguments from the other side: During
the year just closed no less than fifty of our high school pupils were
taken from their lessons every night for two weeks at a time and
on two different occasions to aid in the rendering of an entertain-
ment which certainly would not articulate or correllate with any
course of study know^n to the writer. The practices were held in
a dingy, dirty room and often lasted until eleven o'clock. The
scanty costumes worn were not sufficient to keep them warm. These
same children came to school next day with colds; they were tired;
they were fatigued and sleepy; they were irritable and disinterested
because they were not prepared to recite. Yet several of these
same pupils were taking medicine for nerves said to be wrecked in
school and others were represented in the Superintendent's office
soon after the promotions were made. When parents are made to
realize that growing children need at least eight hours of sleep and
that it should be taken at regular hours; that good wholesome food
for children should be taken at regular hours and that as a rule ex-
ercise need not be taken on the street after nine o'clock at night;
that the little socials and home talent entertainments given several
times a week are not conducive to good study and are not regarded
as being on the. list of nerve tonics; that no child can keep irregular
and late hours and eat a mixture of unmixable foods without suffer-
ing for the folly. When these truths of nature are known and
obeyed we will have better students-bright-eyed, rosy-cheeked, keen-
visaged healthy boys and girls. Something every teacher will hail
with delight.
Our work during the year has been marked by progress. The
teachers have been faithful and in most cases competent and suc-
cessful. The aforesaid thoughtlessness on the part of parents and
sickness are the only things which have militated against our work.
The thanks of the superintendent are due the teachers for their
loyalty and promptness in acting on suggestion. The Board of Di-
rectors too havft manifested a commendable interest and a generous
amount of liberality and good judgment in the management of the
schools.
No. 6. JOHNSTOWN. 196
J E ANNETTE— Theo. B. Shauk.
There were no material changes in our schools during the past
year. The average attendance was good and the interest mani-
fested on the part of pupils and teachers was not below the aver-
age. None of us are very well satisfied with our work and at times
are justly disgusted and discouraged, but then on the whole pro-
gress seems to have been made. The subject of arithmetic in the
lower grades has always given us more or less concern and the
teachers have a tendency to push the subject too much and as a re-
sult, the children fornv a distaste for the thing that should be the
most interesting.
A teachers' reading class was organized in which James' "Talks
to Teachers" and another work were used and with fair success. So
many teachers think that when the closing hour arrives, they are
done for the day and few give their work any thought until they
come again in the morning. Allow the Superintendent to name his
own teachers as was done here this year and there is more activity.
We had a great many cases of diphtheria last winter though few
fatalities. However, the schools were at times almost entirely
closed, which seemed to do little toward breaking up the disease.
JOHNSTOWN— James N. Muir.
Total enrollment in all schools during the year, 6,770. Of this
number 858 were enrolled in high school. The greatest monthly
enrollment was 6,141. This was in the fourth school month. Of
this number 334 were enrolled in high school. There was a gradual
falling off in attendance from the fourth month to the end of the
school term with but 5,753 pupils enrolled during the ninth school
month. Of this number 300 were enrolled in high school, 131 boys
and 169 girls. Thirty-nine of this number received diplomas of
graduation. There ^^ere 572 pupils in the elementary schools who
were perfect in attendance; 33 were perfect in attendance in high
school; 178 pupils received certificates of promotion to enter high
school in the fall. We may expect at least 400 pupils in the high
school next term.
196 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
The Board of Education has decided to build three uew school
buildings, one twelve-iooni and two six-iooui buildings. The twelve-
room building to be built on the site and take the place of the old
Bheam. One of the six roomed buildings to be built on the Meadow-
vale site to relieve the crowded condition of the Seventh ward, the
other on a uew site in Moxham to relieve that district. These build-
ings are to be modern in every respect. They are to be ventilated
by the mechanical system and heated by hot air. They are to have
the individual closet system. The buildings will cost about |100,000.
The Teachers' Institute was held in the high school auditorium,
November 6-10, inclusive. The instructors were Dr. Charles A.
Shaver of the Educational Department of the State of New York;
Dr. K. N. Koark, Clark University, Worcester, Mass.; Dr. S. H. Al-
bro, Fredonia, N. Y.; Mrs. Maud Wentz McDonald, of Columbus,
Ohio, and Gen. Z, T. Sweeney. These instructors will long be re-
membered by our teaehers. They were instructors with strong, fresh
messages, and each delivered his message with magnetic earnestness.
The most popular part of the program was the fre(iuent appearance
of Mrs. Maud Wentz McDonald, vocalist.
One of the interesting events of the year was the opening of two
kindergarten schools. These two schools have been a decided suc-
cess. A great deal might be said of the kindergarten and its "re-
lation to the home and the community." I am pleased to report
that our kindergartens have been doing their best to illustrate these
relationships during the past year. They have visited the homes
of the parents, and in return the parents have visited the kinder-
gartens. The social interchanges have been decidedly helpful. Much
has been done for the children. It has served for an introduction
for all who for the first time left home, to the more formal work of
the first school year. Their work has been in the main construc-
tive, cultivating with the motor sense habits of politeness, cleanli-
ness, kindness to animals, and to their playmates, obedience to
teachers and parents and to all in authority.
A glance at the register of the kindergarten schools will show us
that our schools have been attended by the children of the rich and
l)Oor alike, regardless of social position. The little ones have met
on a level for their first instructions. The kindergarten to be of
greatest usefulness to the community the closest bonds should exist
between the kindergarten and the first primary grade.
Taken as a whole the year's work has been quite satisfactory.
It is impossible to measure the moral uplift of 6,000 pupils and 166
teachers by any statistical data or any unit system yet devised.
Heretofore the basis of promotion has been on six branches, gen-
erally known as the essential branches, w^hich subjects are required
by the State laws of Pennsylvania. They are reading, spelling.
No. 6. JOHNSTOWN. 197
arithmetic, giamiiiai-, geograpliy and history. To secure dettniteness
and unity in all grades a synopsis of the several different subjects
was sent from the superintendent's office that the same grades in
different buildings may cover idiotically the same amount of work.
Uniform examinations were sent from the superintendent's ottice in
conformity with this synopsis sent out. At tlie beginning of the
year the pupils were informed just when those examinations would
occur, and ample time given to qualify themselves for these reviews.
Instead of the general average in all branches in the grade, it was
required to pass each slubject at an average of 75 per cent, in the
quarterly examinations. No iron-clad rule was followed. If the
child did good class work and came under this standard in examina-
tion and in the teacher's opinion, that child should go on, he was
promoted to the next higher grade. No child whom the teacher
could conscientiously recommend for a higher grade was held back
because he fell below a certain per cent. Each child has been as-
signed to the grade where the teacher and superintendent believe
that he will derive the greatest good for his future work in the
schools.
Despite the fact of this change the results have been very grati-
fying. Both pupils and teachers have made commendable effort
to reach this standard and make their work uniform. The pupils
most affected by this change were the third grammars. The change,
however, acted as a spur and gave us 178 pupils from that grade
who will enter high school next fall. I believe all the pupils, have
been greatly benefited in their endeavor to reach this standard.
Arbor Day, April 20, was observed in all our schools. Prominent
men and women of the city w'ere secured to speak to the children
in the various grades throughout the city. We were especially
favored in having with us Miss Mira Dock, a member of the State
Forestry Commission, who delivered an address in the high school
on "A Forest Arbor Day, and Village Improvement Pilgrimage."
Miss Dock is thoroughly conversant with her subject and gave us
many things to think about concerning the beautifying of our city.
The children of the city responded to the call of the relief fund
for the San Francisco sufferers in a very generous manner, and as
the result of their efforts |476.40 were turned over to the general
committee in charge of the fund and sent directly to San Francisco.
In conclusion I desire to express my appreciation of the work
of the Board of Education and the various committees with whom
I have labored during the past year. No Board ever gave more
freely of time and energy to the duties of looking after the affairs
of any school system. Serious problems have been met effectively.
I wish to express my thanks to the members of the Board for their
confidence and support, and to the teachers, supervisors, and prin-
cipals for their devotion to their school duties.
198 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
LANCASTEK^K. K. iiueliile.
It lias been suggested that city as well as eounty supenntendeuts'
annual reports should describe the conditions under which educa-
tion is carried on, and thus afford a larger and more correct view of
the educational work performed in and by the community. A brief
statement of such conditions will accordingly be found in this report.
The population is fairly homogeneous, and uses the English lan-
guage almost exclusively, altho there are some Germans and Rus-
sians, a very few of various other nationalities, and very many de-
scendants of Germans among our people.
According to the provisions of a special act, the public schools are
placed in charge of a bi-partisan board of school directors composed
of thirty-six members, four from each ward, equally divided between
the two political parties, and voted for by the citizens at large with-
out regard to ward lines. The oflices to be filled at the organization
of the board are amicably divided between the adherents of the two
parties. There has not been a dead-lock or an unseemly quarrel over
the offices, between the parties in tv^enty-five years, and the best
men in the community deem it an honor to be enrolled in the micm-
bership of the board.
The financial condition of the district is of the very best. Its
credit is so good as to enable it to sell its four per cent, school bonds
at a premium of upwards of four per cent.; for, notwithstanding that
eighteen school houses of antique pattern have given place Avithin
the last twenty-six years, to substantial, well-arranged, oomfortable
and sanitary modern structures of which the latest built and equipt
has involved an expenditure of over |200,000, the school debt is only
1280,000 on school property valued at |711,800, and the tax for school
purposes — five mills — does not call foi* more than about three and a
half mills on the basis of the real valuatiou of the property, and for
all purposes, exclusive of water, on the same basis, for about ten
mills. Thus while the salaries of our teachers are entirely too mod-
est, there is compensation in the fact that they are promptly paid —
often before the close of the month — and that the cost of living is
not as high as in neighboring cities.
The city as yet boasts no free public library, but the board of
school directors has placed small libraries in every grammar school
room, and also in the high school. There are no museums open to the
pui>ils, except those provided by mother Nature in the surrounding
country. Up to the present time the board appointed no supervisor
of music, but Prof's. Matz and Kevin>.",ki inspired a love of vocal music
in the youth of the city and Prof. Thorban is probably the first pro-
No. 6. LANCASTER. 199
fessor of orchestral music appointed and paid as a member of the
high school faculty in the United States. The city is well supplied
with private schools also. It is the seat of Franklin and Marshall
College, its academy and the Theological Seminary of the Reformed
Church, Lancaster College and Sacred Heart Academy for girls, St.
Mary's Academy, four other church schools, one select school for
girls, and two kindergartens. Within easy reach is Yeates Academy
for boys and the First Pennsylvania State Normal School at Millers-
ville. The Y. M. C. A. also provides tor educational work during the
winter, and three commercial schools give instruction in book-keep-
ing, stenography and typewriting. To these should be added the
Linnean Society and the Lancaster County Historical Society.
Supervising principals have not as yet been appointed in the
grades below the high schools but the principals of buildings ex-
ercise general supervision over the pupils outside of their respective
school rooms; in all respects the teachers with their schools are di-
rectly responsible to the superintendent and the board. While this
condition lessens supervision as compared with cities having super-
vising principals, it conduces to harmony and places greater respon-
sibility on every teacher. There is therefore very little friction be-
tween principals and teachers and the cost of supervision is less than
five per cent, of the cost of instruction.
The great educational event of the year was 'the dedication of the
Slevens High School building in December and its occupation by
the girls' high school in January.
All our primary grade schools (the first four years of school) are
attended by pupils of both sexes, in the grammar grades — fifth and
sixth years — ten rooms are not co-educational and sixteen are. In
the upper grammar grades — seventh and eighth years — ^only three
rooms are oo-educational and thirteen are not. Our people as a rule
seem to prefer grammar grade schools exclusively for one sex, tho
not to such an extent as to object to co-education where the econo-
mic conditions are highly favorable. In the high schools the sexes
have occupied separate rooms in the same building for years, but in
January last, the new Stevens High School was occupied by the girls
alone, and the boys were given the exclusive use of the old high
school building. It may therefor be confidently affirmed that our
people are not inclined to co-education.
As a rule the boys' grammar and the boys' high schools have been
taught by male teachers, but in recent years two innovations were
made in the high school and two in the grammar schools. In the
girls' high school there now serve three male and six female teach-
ers, and all the teachers in the boys' high school are male, while three
additional boys' grammar schools are placed in charge of female
teachers. There is thus on the whole a tendency toward the employ-
15
200 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
ment of more female piiueipals in the {grades, and towards more male
teachers in the high schools. Of our one hundred and forty teachers
forty-three are graduates of State Normal schools, and five of col
leges.
A most delightful evening was spent when early in the term, a
number of the Alujnnae with their fiiends made a presentation of
five hundred dollars in gold to Miss Sarah H. Bundell on her retire-
ment after forty years of service in the high school.
Dr. J. P. McCaS'key, the princi])al of the boys' liigh school closed
a fifty years' connection with that institution only to assume the
duties of mayor of the city, he having been accorded the rare honor
of an election to that office in February, and Miss M^ry Martin, the
practical yet gentle spirit of the bo\s' high scho'ol retired at the
close of her twentieth term: there to experience the well-merited en-
joyments of private life after "a career of forty years in the school
room.
Frof. J. C. Gable, Dr. McCaskey's associate for almost forty years
was suddenly called away in mid-winter from the scene ol his
earthly labors to his eternal rest.
LANSFORD— E. E. Kuntz.
The past school year has been a successful one. Our highest en-
rollment for the year was 1,264, with an average of 90 per cent, for
the entire school year as against an average ,of 88 per cent, the pre-
vious year. Had it not been for a small-pox scare induced by sev-
eral cases in our town and many cases in neighboring towns, a preval-
ence of measles and mumps, our percentage of attendance would
have been higher. Even with these conditions, we consider an ex-
oellent showing has been made.
We feel proud of our eni-ollment of pnpils for a town of about 6,0U0
inhabitants, and the fact that so many are foreigners who send their
children to the mines and the silk n:ill, makes our aittendance the
more remarkable. One of our principal troubles is with the pupils
who go to work, as many parents send children to work under 14
years of age, making affidavit that they are 14 years of age. We
succeeded in breaking one affidavit by presenting a church certificate
of birth. In most cases these cannot be secured.
One school roomi was added to oar number of schools at the be
ginning of the year. All the lower grades were crowded, due to the
closing of the Parochial school. They now have a new building
No. 6. LANSFORD. 201
nearly completed and durin}; the year their puiiils will be taken
l.aek to the new schoid. This is an annoyance to onr jiublic schools,
taking out and putting back their pupils into our schools. However,
we expect this year to be the last of these changes.
Teachers' meetings were held monthly with meetings by grades
during the month, (ieneral instruction and announcements were
given at the regular meetings and particular instruction on various
subjects in the grade meetings. Paiticular stress was placed on
writing, grammar and arithmetic. A decided improvement was
made in the writing, and noticeable improvement was made in the
ether branches. The success of the work in the grades is better
seen in the percentage of promotions. The average percentage for
the term for all grades was between 91 and 92 per cent.
Very efficient Avork was done in our high school during the year.
There was a decided improvement made in the English branches, and
an extended course in classics was made. Book-keeping received more
attention than formerly and excellent work was done by the class.
The instruction includes a thorough course in book-keeping and busi-
ness foriHs. In addition to this, attention is given to commercial
law and business arithmetic. Commendable work was done in our
High School Literary Society, and good use made of the High School
Library. From funds raised by the society and commencement ex-
ercises 164 volumes were added. Also, about 75 volumes were do-
nated by the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co.
Our high school course is four ye'ars, but bright and ambitious
pu])ils can have the course so arranged that they can make it in
tliree years. We do this by allowing these pupils to take some of the
work of year ahead.
"We opened a four-months' term of night school during the year
with an average attendance of 25. There were about 95 different
pupils enrolled during the term.
We experienced no trouble in enforcing the vaccination law\ due
to small-pox scares in our own and neighboring towns. We en-
forced very rigidly the Compulsory Attendance Law, and after mak-
ing examples of several parties by lining and imprisoning them, we
had little trouble in enforcing the laws.
Our commencement exercises were pronounced a decided success
and the best in years. There were seven gi^aduates, four girls and
three boys. Prof. F. H. Green of ^V^est Chester State Normal de-
livered the commencement address. One of our graduates will enter
State College in September.
Our schools had excellent support from the board of directors.
Everything necessary for the maintenance of the schools was readily
furnished. All our teachers were granted an increase of ^o per
202 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
nnonth for the year just past, and several more increases were granted
for the coming year.
The teaching body as a whole can be commended for their work
during the year. With two exceptions, our entire force of teachers
will be retained for the coming year. These two exceptions will
enter the list of ex-school marms by being married.
Our population is rapidly increasing by families moving to the town
to take advantage of the prosperoas condition of the coal mines.
Many new houses are being erected, and we hope to have soon a new
high school building. At the present rate of progress, we predict
a bright future for the Lansford schools.
LEBANON— R. T. Adams.
Number of school buildings, 12
Number of school rooms, 77
Number of teachers employed, 77
Number of pupils enrolled, 2,811
Average daily attendance, 2,383
Percentage of aittendance, 93
Number of pupils in the high school, 216
Number of pupils graduated from the high school 21
Number of pupils promoted to the high school, 92
One year ago I was able to say that we had just closed one of the
most successful terms of school that we had ever had in Lebanon.
This year I am glad to say that the work done was just as good and
in several cases there were marked features of improvement.
The entire enrollment for this year was not quite so great as last
year, but the average attendance was a little better. This shows
that our children came to school a little more regularly this year.
Seven years ago our entire enrollment was 2,820, while it was only
2,811 this year; but the average attendance seven years ago was
1,969, while this year it was 2,383, a gain in average attendance of
414. Our percentage lof attendance has increased during the same
time from 88 to 93, and in the high school there has been a gain of
35 per cent, in the number of pupils. All these figures go to show
that our schools are gradually increasing in efficiency. Another
feature of improvement along the same line is shown by the fact that
the number of schools in the upper elementary grades, especially in
the fifth, sixth and seventh grades, is gradually increasing; in fact,
No. 6. LEBANON. 203
we shall be obliged to provide for three extra schools, one for each
of these grades.
The compulsory law was quite rigidly enforced. I should like to
have had it more rigidly enforced, but it seems to me that the people
who do not know the value of an education, can find some excuse
for keeping their children out of school, although the law in question
is quite adequate. The one standing excuse seems to be that of sick-
ness, and it is hard to enforce the law in cases in which parents are
willing to testify that there is sickness at home, and when, in most
cases, they can get a doctor to certify to the sickness.
One year ago we added two regularly employed substitutes to our
corps of teachers, in fact, two of the best suited teachers from the
corps to act as special substitutes, with the understanding that they
should teach for other teachers who might, for any reason, be unable
to be on duty or who might wish to visit other schools in this city cr
elsewhere. When these teachers were not employed as substitutes,
they gave special help to children who had fallen behind the other
pupils of the grade.
The work of these special teachers was a very great boon to the
corps of teachers in many respects. In the first place, if the teacher
should happen to be sick or be out of school for a day or two, she had
the assurance that there was a teacher to take her place who would
have her school in as good a condition when she would return as
it was when she left it. In former year when a teacher would be
absent for a few days on account of sickness, she would be worrying
all the time about her school and wondering what it was going to be
like when she would get back; and it not infrequently happened that
when she did get back, her school was so disorganized that it would
take her two or three days to get it into the shape that it was when
she left it and the over-exertion in putting the school into a good
condition again often renewed the illness. This year, with the
special substitutes, we found that the teachers did not lose more
than half as much time on account of sickness as they did last year,
and I verily believe that the difference between the sickness of this
year and last was largely due to the fact that we had these special
teachers to call upon. In the second place, our teachers have visited
in most all of the cities and towns in Lebanon Valley, also in Phila-
delphia and New York city. We found that when they returned from
their visits they had acquired broader views, insight and encourage-
ment. In the third place, the help that the special substitutes ren-
dered to those who were misfits in the grades proved to be a very
great service to the corps of teachers and the pupils as well. In many
cases they succeeded in finding the cause of backwardness in pupilss
even if they could not remove it, and in helping the slow ones to such
204 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
an extent that almost all of those in the intei'mediate and grammar
grades were promoted,
At the beginning of this year we trtgaged an assistant supervisor
oi music who took cluiirge of the music in the first eight grades of the
elementarj schools, thus giving Miss Field, who formerly was su-
pervisor of both music and drawing, more time to devote to drawing.
Next year we will have a supervisor tc take charge of all the music
and give all the drawing to Miss Field who will teach this subject in
the high school, as well as in the grade>..
During the coming sumniei we intend to add an addition ol four
rooms to one of our four-roomed buildings, making it an eight-
roomed building. This has become necessary to accommodate the
number of pui>ils in the higher grades of the elementary schools,
spoken of in the previous part of this repoTt.
We shall be obliged to add one more teacher to the high school
faculty. This will give us seven teachers who are employed in the
high school all the time, besides the supervisors of music and draw-
ing, who will teach in the high school part of the time, and the
teacher in shorthand and typew-riting, who will teach one or two
classes in these subjects each day.
In conclusion, I wish to extend my sincere and heartfelt thanks
to the members of the Department foi their courtesy and advice in
all instances in which they have beeii called upon; to the members
of the board of school control, who have stood by me and who have
been willing to assist in bettering the schools as far as the means at
their disposal enabled them; to the teachers, who are largely respon-
sible for the good results obtained in our schools, and to the press
for their hearty oo-operation in helping to advance every movement
that the superintendent has suggested.
LOCK HAVEN— John A. Kobb.
The monthly reports to the Department, together with the annual
statistical report, contain all the facts relative to length of school
term, number of teachers, number of pupils enrolled, and average
daily attendance. Our schools closed on May 18, after an eight
month term.
The results -of the year's work wer.' as satisfactory as could be ex-
pected for so short a school term, and (he adverse conditions we had
No. 6. LOWER MERION TOWNSHIP. 205
to contend with. One-thiid of our best teachers resigned durins;
the school year to accept better positions elsewhere. The majority
of our school board is not progressive. Their sole ambition is to
lower the tax rate, and to reduce the indebtedness of the school dis-
trict, at the expense of the teachers and the pupils.
Does it not refleet upon the intelligence of a school board when
they i>ay a janitor more than any school teacher?
The average yearly salary of our janitors is |43.5.00. The average
yearly salary of our teachers, including the high school teachers, is
$352.00. The average salary of the teachers below 'the high school
is 1313.85. Is brawn Avortli more than brain? The janitors are not
paid too much, but our teachers are paid too little.
Our high school curriculum, formerly comprised three courses. A
college preparatory course designed to prepare boys and girls for our
leading colleges. A science course, in which special attention was
given to the sciences. A commercial course, designed to give those
who select it, a good business education. This course of study, during
the past year has been rearranged and instead of broadened, has
been narrowed to two courses, neither of which is what it should or
could be.
The compulsory attendance law was faithfully enforced during the
year.
Although we are able to report some progress during the past
year, we realize that there is much yet to be accomplished.
LOWER MERION TOWNSHIP, MONTGOMERY COUNTY— A.
Reist Rutt.
During the past year considerable advancement has been made
both in the improvement of the school property and in the efficiency
of the work done in the class room.
During the vacation the board repaired the desks in thirty-one
rooms; calcimined the walls and ceilings of fifteen rooms; erected
five glass cases for the commercial exhibits ; purchased new teacher's
desks for three rooms. During the year they also opened an addi-
tional school, equipping it with new single desks and slate boards.
Of the teachers employed eight are college graduates, two grad-
uates of business college, and thirty-five are graduates of Normal
schools. Three hold permanent certificates and two hold profes-
?06 < PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
sional certificates. No teachers were employed who did not have
previous experience. General teachers' meetings were held every
month and meetings were held at the several school buildings at
such times during the year as they were deemed necessary.
During the year the superintendent made 755 visits to the several
schools of the district; spent 283 days in ollicial duties; and attended
25 meetings of teachers.
The several schools of the district donated flOO.OO to the recon-
struction fund of San Francisco.
Measles, chicken-pox and whooping cough affected attendance very
materially, but we were almost free of the more serious diseases.
For every child that attended the Lower Merion public schools,
the district raised |30.82 by taxation ; the State appropriated |4.9G,
and there was received from other sources |4.24. Of this amount
there was expended for instruction and supervision |19.69; for books
12.17; for school supplies, |2.48; for fuel and contingencies, |2.83; for
repairs, |4.03; and |5.74 was applied to the debt of the district.
MAHANOY CITY— ^^^ N. Ehrhart.
Our average monthly enrollment for the school year just ended
was 2,393, and the average attendance was 2,143. The average en-
rollment was 35 in excess of the previous year, and the average at-
tendance was greater by 15. The total number of different pupils
enrolled was 2,600. The ward assessors after exercising unusual
care to find all the children between the ages of six and sixteen
years, returned 2,956 names. About 300 children attended the vari-
ous parochial and private schools. It thus appears that 2,900 of the
children attended school in town during the year. Since the number
of children between the ages of fourteen and sixteen not in school
was far in excess of the number above sixteen who were in school,
it also appears that the compulsory attendance law which requires
all children between the ages of eight and fourteen to attend school,
was faithfully complied with. An attendance officer was employed
eight months. According to a regulation adopted by the board, the
time required for compulsory attendance was raised from seventy
per cent, to one hundred per cent.
The erection of a new six-room annex to the Spruce Street Build-
ing gave a happy relief to the crowded condition of the schools in
No. 6. MAHANOY CITY. 207
the western part of the town. A new grammar school was formed
at the beginning of the term, thus indicating a^ increased interest
in advanced elementary education. Several years ago we had but
three small grammar schools. This year we had four very large
ones. The attendance in these schools was excellent. All the com-
mon school branches except algebra are taught in this grade. Geo-
graphy and United States History are completed. Ninety certifi-
cates of graduation were granted to pupils.
The erection of a new building, the formation of a new grammar
school, the employment of three additional primary teachers, and the
increase of salaries in some of the grades, have compelled the dis-
trict to provide for additional expenditures. But these expenditures
were, beyond a doubt, wise. Where the schools lie close to the
hearts of the people — and this is certainly the case in Mahanoy City
— there can be no just ground for complaint, when money is gener-
ously and judiciously expended for the proper comfort, instruction
and enlightenment of the rising generation.
The child labor legislation of 1905 did not impose as much extra
labor upon the superintendent as was first supposed. There being
but few factories in this district, only about sixty certificates for
factory employment were issued. These were all issued to girls.
It is believed that there were no violations of the factory laws in
this district. About two hundred certificates were issued to boys
for employment in the breakers and mines. There was a great rush
for certificates during the first half of October, but this ceased when
the law was declared unconstitutional by the Luzerne county court.
Though the law itself failed, the agitation which it caused resulted
in some good. The moral effect of the legislation, together with the
strict orders of the Chief Mine Inspector, served to a considerable
ex'tent the purpose the law was designed to serve. The intent of the
law was most excellent, and it is unfortunate that bad wording
caused it to be declared unconstitutional. It is, however, pleasant
to note that, if the returns for children between the ages of six and
sixteen given above are correct and a special effort was made to
have them so, the number of boys employed in the breakers under
faurteen j^^ars of age is very small in this district.
Our high school commencement exercises were held in the Kaier
Opera House June 1. The house was crowded from pit to dome.
The exercises were of an unusually high order, and were much ap-
preciated by the vast audience. The class consisted of twenty-six
young people, thirteen boys and thirteen girls. Fifteen took the
regular high school course, and eleven the new commercial course.
The exercises were a delightful winding up of the year's work.
208 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
MAHANOY TOW NSHIP, SCHUYLKILL COUNTY— D. F. Guiuan.
The results and measure of success durin<>- the term vary in the
ditferent schools, largely in proportion to the interest parents take
in enforcing- attendance and the interest teachers take in their work.
The attendance of the schools has not been as regular as desired
nor as regular as the school law requires.
Compulsory attendance is a problem that can be considered with
some advantage.
The operating expense of the district is practically the same for
a 70 per cent, attendance as for a 90 per cent.
It costs the district just as much to keep the schools open for a
comiparatively small attendance as for a full attendance. Pupils
most irregular in attendance are generally back in their studies and
are dragged along with the classes each succeeding year. They make
but little progress. The parents of those children usually complain
of poor schools. It sometimes occurs that children attending regu-
larly make slow progress. Every year in school should represent a
certain growth or advancement. We have endeavored to soi organize
the primary schools the twO' preceding terms by having uniformity in
work and method for primary teachers that attendance being the
same, equal results could be looked for in all these schools. Much
however, depends upon the earnestness with which teachers apply
themselves to the work. However, T feel that it is only just to the
parent and children that a definite amount of work should be a course
each year for a teacher to accomplish and the responsibility for its
accomplishment, rest with the teacher, the superintendent, the board
and the parent. If results are not realized, some of the responsible
parties are at fault, and an earnest conscientious effort should be
made to right it.
In my three years of supervision I have noticed some very gratify-
ing results and excellent school work by some teachers, but the fol-
lowing year teachers that produce these results fail of election by
the board. I believe that if the board had seen the excellence of
the work of these teachers and had become acquainted with the work
by inquiry or personal inspection, that the directors would hesitate
before making a displacement to make room for political friends.
Every director should feel that his first duty is to promote the
education of the school children of ihe district. In some schools I
find the board-work of the teachers very neat — ^in their best hand
writing, the board clean, and all the essentials and details looked
after.
No. 6. MEADVILL.E. 209
The pupils of tlicsc Icaclu'is make the best progress in writing.
They eDdeavor to be just as neat and careful with their slates and
tablets as the teacher has been with her board-work.
It is not the ditTereuee in pupils but the difference in the applica
tion of method that makes the difference in results. As the election
and location of teachers rests solely with the board, it will add
greatly to the efificiency of the schools were th(? board to become
acquainted with the results attained by the teachers it elects. The
fi'cquent change of teachers establishes the fact that the most vigor-
ous efforts and earnest application in the school-room will not insure
a teacher's re-election. The repeated dead-locks over the election
of teachers go to show that the mistaken opinion prevails that a di-
rector's only duty is to take care^ of liis factional friends. The in-
terests of parent and school children are entirely lost sight of.
In the grammar schools we are now so graded that we can exact
the same unifortnity as in the primary. The effort has been to weed
out the advanced books and secure thoroughness in the intermediate
ones in the grammar schools. The entrance examination to the high
school is based on a fair knowledge of the primary and intermediate
books. Entrance to the high school is determined by a competitive
exaniination of 'the pupils of the A classes of the different schools.
Permits have been issued to twenty of these ])upils for entrance at
the next school term.
Of the thirty-four school rooms, there are three rooms, in each of
rt'hich two teachers are employed. The advisability of a separate
room for each teacher was discussed in my two preceding reports and
in this report it may be unnecessary to repeat. The conditions are
the same to the disadvantage of teacher and pupil.
MEADVILLE— U. G. Smith.
Ihf past school year with us was marked by steady onward pro-
gress along all lines. Our schools 'Opened on the first Monday of
September, 190.5, with a large enrollment, especially in the grammar
schools and in the high school. Tho number of pupils admitted to
the first year class in the high school was 89.9 per cent, of the num-
ber admitted to the primary schools for the first time, during the
year. The attendance in all our schools for the year was 93^ per
cent.
\>'e are grieved to chronicle the death of Miss Virginia Affantran-
14_6— 1906
210 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
ger who had been a teacher for nineteen years, most of which time
was spent in the Meadville schools. We also regret to report the
separation from our teaching corps ami from the profession, by resig-
nation, Miss Martha Cooper who had taught thirty-two years and
Miss Fayetta Walp who had taught nine years. The death of Miss
Affantranger and the resignations of Miss Cooper and Miss Walp,
occurring at about the same time, removed from our teaching force
three teachers whose work was characterized by inspiring children
to broader views and higher ideals of life by the examples they
themselves set.
Fitting and appropriate exercises were held in our schools com-
memorating Thanksgiving day, Christmasi day, Washington's and
Lincoln's birth day and Decoration day. Besides these special ex-
ercises, regular instruction was given with a view to inspire and de-
velop patriotic thoughts and feelings in the children, to teach civic
rights and duties, kindness to one another, and to animals.
Oni teachers are 'to be commended for the interest, enthusiasm
and persistence with which they carried on their work throughout
the year. Our board of school oontrollers kept in close touch with
the schools and were always ready to take such forward steps as
seer/jed to be for the progress and advancement of the schools.
MIDDLETOWN— H, J. Wickey.
Our schools opened the firsit Monday in September with 1,042
pupils enrolled. The attendance was good for several months when
epidemics of scarlet fever and diphtheria broke out necessitating the
closing of our schools for a period of ten days. The town council
organized a board of health to cope with the conditions and the sit-
uation was soon under control. The law requiring victims and con-
tacts of these diseases to remain out of school for a penod of thirty
days after recovery, etc., reduced our average attendance much
lower than it has been for ten years.
In the latter part of October an order was issued that all school
children would be required to present a certificate of vaccination
to be admitted to school after the county institute. Nine hundred
of our children had not been previously vaccinated. All of these
except six presented their certificates in a very short time and vac-
cination with us was not a very serious matter.
Although these conditions interfered with the school work, our
No. 6. MILTON. 211
teachers during the year did exceptionally good work, stimulated,
DO doubt, by the slight increase of salaries which affected all the
teachers. This was the first general increase in salaries for ten
years. Our salaries are still too low to attract and hold first class
teachers. We are losing a number of good teachers, higher salaries
drawing them to other places or into other lines of work. The di-
rectors realizing the conditions will likely readjust salaries next
year.
^Considerable interest is being manifested in onr schools as evi-
denced by the fact that Swatara Council, Jr. O. U. A. M. of town
offered a prize to the boy and girl in each of our grammar schools
who would complete the work of the grade with the highest average.
The pupils entered into the spirit of the thing and did very credita-
ble work. At our public transfer exercises to the boys was presented
a year's membership in our local Y. M. C. A. and to the girls, beauti-
ful gold lockets. At the same time the Order made a similar offer
for next year.
Patrons' Day was observed near the close of the term. Special
in\ilations were sent out to the parents to visit the schools on thijb
occasion to which many responded. The results of the day were so
gratifying to the teachers that a similar occasion will be anticipated
with much pleasure next year.
The Dauphin County School Directors Mid-winter Convention met
in oui town. Tlie attendance was large and the discussions of es-
pecial interest to the scbools throughout the county. Dr. Schaeffer
made the chief address at »the evening session which was eagerly
listened to by about 500 patrons.
During the year we held monthly teachers' meetings. "Common
Sense Didactics" was adopted by the teachers for special reading
and study.
Our high school course is now a full fledged four years course,
this year's class being the first to complete it. The class had six-
teen members, eight boys and eight girls. Most of these young
people anticipate taking up college work.
MILTON— W. A. Wilson.
The past year has been my first )n Milton and in Pennsylvania.
For that reason the year has been as uneventful as I could make it.
I have been studying and learning. We have added another
teacher to the high school faculty and another teacher to the corps
of giade teachers. The year as a whole has been marked by quiet,
steady, upward work.
212 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
>riNI^:KS\'lLLK -n. H. Si.nyd.
Ill liiis my tirst juiimal k'ImiiI Id lli;' di'iiarhiicnt, I note with
pleasure tliat llic length of tlic liif-li scliool course has been increased
from three years to four, but whether this course can be successfully
maintained is very doubtful on account of the rapid influx of non-
English speaking people who are beat upon earning money and ac-
(piiring i»roperty and not upion obtaining an education for their chil-
dren. INIauy of the chihli''n of this class, as well as some of the
older residents, leave scluio! for tlu^ factory or the mine as soon as
th(\v reach the legal age. For jsll tliese (here is no high school
couise possible.
The children of our non-English speaking residents are, as a rule,
a year or two older than the American children in the same grade.
From this we see that many of them cannot even reach th(^ grammar
grade by the time they are fourteen years old.
So far only one of this class passed through the high school. We
entertained the hope that this graduate would arouse the pride of
others to complete the course but iii this we were disapi)oiuted.
Until the parents, and the boys and giils of this class of people, can
be m.ade to realize that there is something higher and nobler than
the almighty dollar, very little can be done with these children ex-
cept to hold theni by compulsion during the legal school period.
Since these facts confront us, we have laid special stress upon
reading, arguing that if they can read, they have the key to all that
lies beyond.
How these shall be taught the English language is an important
problem with us. While a pupil can learn to read a language in any
school, few teachers can teach pupils to speak a language, hence
these children must learn the spok n language on the streets and
on llu play ground, and since this language is often very poor, these
pupih^ have to learn two languages— one the street language, the
other the bo'ok language'. The street training being free and spon-
tanc(uis often predominates and chokes the good seed sown in the
school.
The educational features of the child labor law having been declar-
ed unconstitutional, it is to be hoped that a new law will be passed
at the next session of the State Legislature without the objectionable
features. An educational test to- go to work is a good feature. We
had already felt the good etTects of the law in the brief time it was
being enforced.
Dining the year the addition to the high school building was com
pleted at a cost ol |1(),0(H), giving better accommodation to the high
school and giving us five additional school rooms.
No. 6. MONESSEN. 213
Our borough is oue of those unfoituuate districts which educates
the cl ildreu of peopk^ wlio work at th<^ uiines lying in the surrounding
townships in which the vahiable tavable pro[)erty is located. This
places a heavy burden upon the people of the borough, and with the
highest legal levy, we are not ablc^ to have the full length ol scbool
term, nor can we pay the salaries commensurate with the services
rendered by the teachers. The increase of population is greater than
the increased amount of money that cjiU be raised from year to year.
In view 'of this condition of atlairs, some other system of raising
money for the support of the schools should be devised, and a much
larger appropriation should be made by the State. While the State
appropriates |5,50(),()()() a year, the school districts of the State pay
back, in taxes on their bonded indebtedness, a very large sum, es-
timated by some newspapers at |1,0()(I,()(M>. giving the schools only
$4,500,000.
We make a plea for at least 110,000,000 a year, and ask the legis-
lature to make this appropriation without increasing the taxes any-
where, by a more careful expenditure of the public funds. We be-
lieve this can be done without jeopardizing any of the essential in-
terests of the State. Indirect taxation is always preferable to direct
taxation.
The board has made provision to place an extra teacher in the
grarmar schools to introduce the system of individual insitruction.
We tried a system of this kind sev.ni or eight years ago, but were
compelled for lack of funds to abandon it. We believe it has ad-
vant&ges.
The percentage of attendance attained by our schools is very high
and some people have questioned whether it is not too high, show-
ing that children must have been at school when they should have
been at home. For a number of years we had 93 to 95 per cent, of
an attendance. Under the most favorable conditions a regiment of
1,000 men could not present from day to day during a year 950 men
for duty, and yet we expect it of children who are subject to the ail-
ments of childhood. Are wx' not expecting too much?
During the year that Minersville has been an independent dis-
trict the superintendent has had the hearty support and co-opera-
tion of the directors and the teachers. This is essential to the suc-
cess of any school system. The great majority of our people are also
loyal to our schools.
MONESSEN— R. W. Himelick.
In presenting this the first report of the jNlonessen schools under a
superintendent theie are many thin.;s that might be of interest, yet
214 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
I know not bow to keep out of the lut and present only interesting
featnres.
Seldom does it oceur that one has the opportunity of suiveyiuf;,-
the entire history in the manner in which it may be done here. We
are so young that some who are now on the board have definite recol-
lections of everything that has transpired since the opening of tlie
schools. In the course of seven years you have grown from, three
teachers to thirty-seven. In the matter of school buildings the ad-
vancement has been greater. In 1898 there were but three rooms in
mere shacks while at present there are thirty-seven rooms in three
of the most magnificient buildings to be found in this wonderful val-
ley. The number of children has increased from less than 100 to
1,403. The expenses of maintaining the schools have increased from
13,001.26 in 1899 to |29,623.63 in 1901. These few figures reveal the
wonderful growth of the public school system of Monessen.
The rapid growth has brought with it great responsibility, which
has been met in a Avay that reflects credit on the men who
have been fortunate enough to be members of the school board. Out
of the entire number who have served as members of the board, all
but seven are still residents of the town.
We have always believed that the place to begin in the organiza-
tion of a school system is with the teacher. This was held con-
stantly before the board and as a result we have as thoroughly pre-
pared teachers as will be found anywhere. This has enabled us to
meet the conditions as they would arise in a manner that has been
fairly satisfactory.
This has been a. feature at one of our buildings. While we have
followed some of the beaten paths along this line yet in a large meas-
ure we have worked as the nature of the community and other things
demanded. As a result there has been much good come from the
work. Many homes have both flower and vegetable gardens as a
result of the school garden. .
The board has equipped a manual training room in which wo'od
wor': and sewing will be done the coming year.
Figures are not always the most interesting part of a report of
thijj kind. In them we may often see the miost marked signs of pro-
gress. I hope that this will be true with regard to the statistics
given below. Enrollment for each year since 1899.
1899, 244; 1900, 336; 1901, 501; 1902, 909; 1903, 1,087; 1904, 1,270;
1905, 1,403.
Statistics for 1905-1906.
Total enrollment, 692 boys; 711 girls; average daily attendance,
990; per cent, of attendance, 93; number of teachers, 37; number who
are college graduates, 7; number who are Normal graduates, 23;
number of visits made by superintendent to rooms, 614; number of
No. 6. MONESSEN. 215
teachers' meetings, 16; number of teachers who resigned during
3 ear. 4; number of students promoted, 024; number who fa'ded, 170;
per c(:nt. who were promoted, 85; per cent, who failed, 15.
The (.'omimlsorj Education Law has been very carefully enforced.
The truant ollicer has done very faithful work. The men at the head
of tJic mills have done what they could to help in this matter. The
greatest problem is whait to do with the foreign boy who is past
fourteen when he comes to this country. We are not authorized to
give him a permit on account of his not being able to read and write
English. The mills cannot employ him without a permit. We have
no place in the schools to take care of such boys and girls.
Teachers' meetings have been held monthly during the year. In
these meetings general questions as well as the details of the work
are considered. We believe that much good must come out of regu-
lar meetings where teachers discuss problems that are of vital in-
terest. Special stress was laid upon the work to be done each month.
We found this was necessary because of the constant shifting of
many pupils from one place to another during the year. If parallel
grades were doing the same work there w'ould be little loss of time
on aL'y subject matter to the pupil.
iSo oLher subject has taken so much of our time as the question of
''Individual Instruction.'' The 'time will never come when teachers
will have so few pupils that they can devote all their time to this. I
doubt very much whether it would be advisable if it might be so.
What we need is to have the work so arranged that the teacher will
have time to talk with the slow and indifferent pupil about the work.
This will give the teacher a chance to get in closer sympathy with
each child. She can learn more of the conditions at home and else-
where that may have an influence upon her pupils. And above all
it w'ill reveal to the intelligent teacher the fact that she cannot and
should not attempt to get exactly the same results from each child.
No two are exactly alike.
The principals have done considerable during the past year along
this line. Many pupils have been sent to the office to consult with
the principals. In many cases it has been revealed that some physi-
cal defect such as the hearing, eyesight or other troubles lie at the
basis of the failure to do the work. It has been revealed to us in a
general way that we have many pupils in school that have either
defective eyesight or hearing and some have both. Some of these
cases have been reported to the parents with desired effects. In
otlier cases we found the parents entirely indifferent.
16
21fl PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
MOUNT CAKMEI^-S. H. Dean.
During the past year our work lias been about the same as in
previous years. Our enrollment for the year was 2,037 with an
average attendance of 1,515. Our per cent, of attendance was 91.
There were reported 1,945 tardy marks and 32 eases of corporal
punishments. There were but two cases of suspension, one of
which was due to an injury that developed a nervous (-ondition that
made the child dangerous. During the year we had very few cases
of contagious diseases. Our local institutes were very valuable to
our teachers. Dr. Charles McMurry and Dr. J. E. Redway in geog-
raphy, language and history were very helpful. Our new six-roomed,
modern, up-to-date, building, lieated with the Carpenter system, will
be ready for opening in the fall.
It is to be hoped that the Legislature will make an appropriation
to pay superintendents for making out certificates for boys and
girls to work in factories and mines. I would suggest that if a
superintednent can swear a boy who wishes to work in the mines,
he can also do it for a girl who can less afford the twenty-five cents.
Vaccination ought to be made compulsory to everybody in Penn-
sylvania and then all children being vaccinated could not have that
excuse to stay out of school.
NANTICOKK—John W. (hifiith
Just prior to the time appointed for the opening of the schools
typhoid fever visited our community. So severe was the epidemic
that six weeks passed by before it was deemed safe to open the
schools. Attendance did not resume normal proportion until after
the holidays. These conditions seriously affected the efficiency of
the schools, and notwithstanding the honest efforts of the teachers
and pupils to overcome^ these disadvantages the progress of the
schools was not so marked as in other years. However, the knowl-
edge that many things remain but partially done, and that the high
conception we have of the ideal school is far from attainment are a
guarantee of better results in the future. Integrity of purpose com-
bined with earnest, persistent, and intelligent application of rational
methods, must ultimately result in substantial progress. We have
No. 6. NEW BRIGHTON. 217
on the whole, au excellent industrious and conscientious corps of
teachers. The directors appreciate the fact that the call of to-day
is for the best — the best by nature, and the best by (jualitication and
preparation. The teacher is a leader; he must know the road, else
he cannot show the way. As au incentive to secure and hold such
teachers the directors added from |2.0U to flU.OO a month to the
salaries of the teachers. Hasten the day when the brains in the
teachers' calling;- is to be rewarded as it is in the doctors' and
lawyers' calling!
For the first time in its history Nanticoke held the annual insti-
tute apart from that of the county. I am expressing the sentiment
of all our teachers in saying that no mistake was made in selecting
speakers and topics best suited to our local needs. Advantage was
taken of the law approved April L'O, 1005, emi)0weriug the superin-
tendent to hold the institutes throughout the school year, on any
live days, or any ten ha If -days. The results were so satisfactory
that the teachers unanimously requested a like method for the en-
suing year. The institutes were held on December 9, 1905;.January
13, 1906; February KMT, and jNIarch 23-24, 1906. The instructors
were K. M. McNeal, Harrisburg; Charles H. Albert, Bloorasburg;
James M. Coughlin, Wilkes-Barre; J)r. Henry Houck, Harrisburg,
and l)r. John H. Harris, Lewisburg.
NEW BRIGHTON— C. C. Green.
Prof. W. D. Bright well resigned his office as superintendent of
the New Brighton public schools July 31 and the present incumbent
was elected August 16.
We find an efficient corps of teachers and an excellent school
spirit in the communit3\ •
The excellent reputation which the New Brighton schools have
enjoyed in the past serves as a spur to bring forth the best efforts
of everyone connected with their management.
We are planning to introduce a system of physical culture.
A professional library has been provided for the teachers. Special
attention is being given to systematic Child Study. We are en-
deavoring to make this work as practical as possible.
We believe in professional training for teachers. Teaching is a
serious matter and should not be attempted by young i)eoi)le who
know practically nothing of the psychical processes involv(-d in learn-
ing and of the peculiarities of childhood at the various stages."
218 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc
NEW CASTLE— T. A. Kiraes.
Juue 1st marked the close of a very quiet but successful school
year. We had locked forward to the close of the term with much
interest as this was the first year under the new course of study
which provides for eight, instead of nine years, below the high
school.
The results obtained are such, that we have confidence in our
ability to eliminate non-essentials from the course and prepare the
children for high school in eight years.
Our teachers have worked earnestly and faithfully and have by
their zeal in the work contributed largely to the success of the
schools.
Our new Home street building was opened on October 16, 1905,
with an enrollment of over three hundred pupils. The entire en-
rollment for the year is the highest in the history of our city.
The changed course of study resulted in a greater number being
promoted to the high school than ever before.
We held a number of regular teachers' meetings during the year.
On these occasions, our teachers were addressed by educators of
note on subjects pertaining to school work. Grade meetings were
held each week. These were conducted by the superintendent and
the details of the grade work were discussed.
During the year much stress was placed on the subject of language
in the primary grades and the results are very gratifying. The work
in some schools being exceptional.
Our institute was held in conjunction with the county institute
and much benefit was derived from the high class of instruction re-
ceived.
Special teachers were employed for the subjects of music, pen-
manship and drawing. Our school board continues its progressive
policy. A conscientious endeavor has been made to recognize merit
in selection of teachers.
The spirit of co-operation existing between the teaching force and
the school board has been very gratifying and has done much to
make the work of the superintendent enjoyable.
NEWPORT TOWNSHIP, LUZERNE COUNTY— H. U. Nyhart.
The work of the past year has been very pleasant and satisfactory.
The unfavorable conditions mentioned in the last report were
changed and the schools were comfortably housed in the new build-
ings. Six rooms were furnished with the single adjustable desks.
No. 6. NORRISTOWN. 219
There were 1,640 pupils enrolled in the regular grades, and 375
in the eight evening schools. The increase in attendance required
the opening of another primary grade.
A new room was furnished with the Globe-Wernicke book-cases,
leather upholstered furniture, statuary and pictures. This makes a
very attractive room for the accommodation of those who use the
public library.
The regular teachers' meetings were held each month. In addi-
tion to these meetings, three evening lectures were given as fol-
lows: January 12, at Wanamie, by Supt. James M. Coughlin; Feb-
ruary 16, at Glen Lyon, by Prof. Charles H. Albert; April 6, at Alden
Station, by Dr. E. L. Kemp. These meetings were well attended
and highly appreciated by the teachers and the people of the district.
During the latter part of the term the teachers used "The Ameri-
can Bird and Nature Study Chart" which proved to be very helpful
in the nature work.
The work in drawing w^hich was exhibited in the different build-
ings was inspected by a large number of people who were delighted
with the work. We regret that more of our people do not take ad-
vantage of these annual exhibitions to become better acquainted
with the school work.
The commencement exercises were held at Wanamie on the even-
ing of June 14, at which time a class of one young lady and three
young men were graduated.
NORRISTOWN— A. S. Martin.
Several notable events occurred in the Norristown school district
during the school year ending June 1, 1906.
On Saturday, September 2, the new school building known as the
James A. Welsh School was inspected by the public. The building
is colonial in style, two stories in height and contains eleven class
rooms, a teachers' room and a sewing room. The building is ad-
mirably adapted to school purposes and represents a high type of
school architecture.
Superintendent Joseph K. Gotwals died after a brief illness on
Sunday evening, October 8. His many excellent qualities endeared
him to the pupils and citizens of Norristown as well as to the super-
intendents and educators of the State. He served this town as a
principal and as superintendent for more than forty years. The
schools and town felt keenly their great loss. Many tributes on the
220 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
value of the services, fidelity to duty and noble character of Super-
intendent Gotwals were paid by pupils, teachers, directors and
citizens.
During the interim of the death of Superiniendent (lotwals and
the installation of his successor, on January 1, the principal of the
high school, Prof. A. D. Eisenhower, directed the schools.
The five months just passed were spent in becoming acquainted
with the details of office and the condilions of the schools. In this
work I was much assisted by the interest manifested in the schools
by the school board and by the courteous treatment which I re-
ceived from the teachers and principals. With few exceptions I
found the teachers earnest and the schools in good condition.
In addition to the grade meetings and the principals' meetings,
the Teachers' Institute convened monthly on the second Tuesday
evening of each month. Among the instructors were Prof. Smith
Burnham, of West Chester; Prof. AVitmer Stone, Academy of
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, who gave an illustrated lecture on
the ''Life History of Some of our Native Birds" and Prof. Steward-
son Brown of the same institution who gave an illustrated lecture
on "Our Native Plants."
The report of Mr. Wm. N. Easton, chairman of the committee on
school savings submitted in June shows a deposit of |85,388.02 in
favor of the school children.
OIL CITY— C. A. Babcock.
During the year our schools have done exceptionally good work.
Marked improvement has been apparent in the work of oral reading,
in English composition from the third grade through the eighth,
and in the cooking, sewing and wood working departments of the
manual training school.
The deportment of the pupils of all the schools has been noticably
good. It would be difficult to And a pupil in any of our schools that
is engaged in making trouble in the school, or that could be classed
as a vicious or troublesome pupil.
With very few exceptions the pupils are advancing finely in their
studies.
Algebra is now taught in the eighth grade without books, as a
class exercise, the pupils covering in this way, the four fundamental
operations and fractions. The time taken by this subject is twenty
minutes a day, four days in the week. The children are very en-
thusiastic in this work. There has been a marked increase in their
ability to handle arithmetical problems, since thev have had the
No. 6. OLYPHANT. 221
.ilgebra. We believe that algebra, and a foreign language either
French or German taught by the natural method, should be added
to the grades just below the high school.
This year we tried for the first time, the plan of having a city
institute. Our teachers all meet in the grade meeting for instruc
tion and comparison of work every month. It was therefore thought
that the institute should not attempt instruction in the routine work
of the teacher, but should rather make for culture, that the teacher's
vision might be broadened, her power increased. Five days in-
struction were provided, Dr. C. H. Catterall, of Cornell University,
lectured two days upon the History of the French Revolution. Dr.
Charles F. Thwiug was instructor for one day upon the teacher's
work, and ideals, and also gave a fine lecture upon Gladstone. Dr.
George Vincent, of Chicago University, gave us one day upon Social
Psychology and in addition delivered his famous lecture upon Chil-
dren versus Grownups. Dr. Winship, of Boston, was the instructor
for one day and evening with the general topic — The New Forces
in Education. All these men are among the best in the country and
their work here was a great intellectual uplift to our teachers and
to many of our citizens.
OLYPHANT— M. W. CUMMINGS.
The term ending June 6, 1906 completed the eighteenth consecu-
tive year during which the public schools of this borough have been
under my supervision. During this time, the number of our schools
has increased from eight to twenty-two, a gain of one hundred sev-
enty-five per cent., representing a gain of nearly ten per cent, a year.
During the same time, our enrollment has increased from 450 to
1,150. representing approximately, the same gain. This rapid
growth of our schools will be better appreciated when we take into
consideration the fact that in 1888 all the children of the district
attended the public schools, while at the present time we have two
parochial schools, attended by over .300 pupils residing in the bor-
ough.
While our schools have advanced in efficiency during the same
time, I cannot truthfully claim that such advancement has been pro-
portionate to our numerical gain. Many reasons might be advanced
for this, principal among them being the fact that our increase in
poi)u]ation during the period in question, has been made up chiefly
of foreigners, and while their children are intelligent and quick to
learn, they do not, as a rule, make the same progress as children of
American parentage. Again the parents of many of these children
222 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
are of limited meaus, and just as soon as they reach the legal work-
ing age, they are withdrawn from school, and sent to work to help
sujjport the family.
The practice of withdrawing children from school on their at-
taining the legal working age, is not alone confined to people of
foreign birth, as many parents, American for several generations,
resort to the same practice. Indeed this is one case in which 1 verily
believe that the establishment of a legal limit for children to work,
has resulted in a direct injury to our schools, especially in a com-
munity like this. The impression seems to prevail with many
parents that they are under some legal obligation to put their boys
and girls to work as soon as they reach the age of fourteen years,
while the average boy and girl taking the same view of the matter,
look longingly forward to the time when they will be relieved from,
what they consider the drudgery of school life.
The discussion of the above conditions naturally brings up the
working of the child labor law of May 2, 1905. So far as my ob-
servation and experience have gone, I believe the law has been
honestly enforced in the factories in this vicinity. No doubt many
violations of the law have occurred, but such cases are usually out-
side the power of the parties concerned to control. With regard to
the mines and breakers, however, the law has been a dead letter
since the very day on which it was intended to go into effect. This
is most surprising from the fact that when the bill for the enact-
ment of this law was pending in the Legislature both corporations
and labor organizations agreed upon its terms; yet after its passage,
and even before it went into effect, both sides were anxious to test
its constitutionality, the one to avoid the employment of more
nmture persons to whom increased wages would have to be paid —
the other to secure the miserable pittance earned by the child at the
sacrifice of his intellectual development, and his future usefulness
to himself and to the State.
Besides the law itself was clumsily drawn, and the forms intended
to carry out its provisions more clumsily prepared. It imposed ardu-
ous duties on a class of persons already overworked, for which no
compensation was allowed, and in falling by its own weight, it seems
(o me that the law has met the fate intended for it by the very men
who enacted it, and who "amended it to death," before its passage.
The progress made during the year was fairly good. The enroll-
ment, compared with last year does not show the usual annual in-
crease, a fact no doubt, which must be attributed to the rigid en-
forcement of tlu' vaccination law by the board. This action many
parents resented, with the result that their children in several in
stances were withdrawn from the public schools and sent to the
parochial schools, where the law was not enforced.
No. 6. PHOENIXVILLE. 228
PHOENIXVILLE— R. E. Laramy.
At the opening ol" the schools iu ISeptember a regradiug went into
elt'ect. We now liave the annual grades — eight — corresponding to
the number of years in S(-hool, in place of a half-year system as here-
tofore. In the high school — four year course — it will require two
more years for the old plan, with half of the graduating class com-
pleting their studies in January, to work itself out. These schools
have been unfortunate in recent years in the continual changing of
high school principals. Again this year the principal resigned, early
in the year, and the position was tilled temporarily until Mr. H. D
Kobbins, of rhillipsburg, was elected in November and he has been
re-elected for next year. The graduating class numbered twenty
(20) of whom seven (7) were from surrounding townships.
The savings bank system as maintained in relation with the Dime
Savings Bank of West Chester seemed to require too much time
from the teachere and in its continuance this year important changes
were adopted. Deposits are received and held from actual school
children, once a month, and only in amounts which are multiples
of five (5).
The teachers have met regularly for institute work throughout the
year. The history of education was studied biographically. The
superintendent's class studied Dutton's "School Management" and
Royce's "Outlines of Psychology." Some attention was given to the
enrichment of the educational section in the local library.
Among other things we may note an improvement in the quality
of supplies furnished, advances in the adoption of text-books, de-
crease in the number of studies and increase in the length of periods
in the high school, introduction of a card system of enrollment and
record, addition of a typewriter to the oflSce equipment, an art ex-
hibit with the resulting purchase of pictures, and the furnishing of
another first grade room.
We have issued fifty (50) employment certificates and have given
ranch attention to truancy and absence with the result that two
(2) incorrigibles were placed in a reformatory but all other former
habitual truants have been largely reclaimed to regular attendance
and the number of cases of absence and tardiness have been notice-
ably lessened.
In music Prof. Jerry March who has had charge of the work in
our schools for a long term* of j^ears resigned through inability to
spare sufficient time for our needs and in recognition of his ser-
vices was i)resented a large oil painting by the alumni association.
The new supervisor, Miss Josephine Duke, formerly at Tyrone will
have the advantage of residence and full time.
224 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
PITTSBUEG— Samuel Andrews.
The marked progress made during the past year in professional
spirit and in material equipments affords just reason for congratula-
tion. It is safe to say, that in no preceding year have the facilities
for instruction been more generously supplied; and zeal for their
work been more profoundly aroused among the teachers. Yet, not-
withstanding this encouraging outlook, there is a wholesome de-
mand for greater things in many directions.
You are aware that throughout this country and, indeed through-
out all countries, great movements are in progress. Chief among
these is the "education of the masses." In this movement America
has taken and must continue to take the lead and upon no city of
this country does the call for a larger share in this leadership come
more loudly than to Pittsburg.
In these "changeful" times, no line of progress has been more
novel and phenominal than the evolution of popular education in
America. From the most insignificant beginning it has become an
immense organization taking care, in the public schools alone, more
than 20,000,000 children, and employing for this purpose more than
400,000 teachers. In reaching these proportions, the progress in ma-
terial equipments, teaching and teachers has more than kept pace.
From a temporary business, adopted too frequently as a stepping
stone to something higher, teaching has advanced to an honorable,
if not lucrative profession, including in its ranks men and women of
the highest and widest influence. In all of our great cities, it is
especially manifest. Many of us can recall the time, when, in Pitts-
burg, it was not an uncommon thing, even among the highest
teachers, to speak slightingly of all forms of professional culture;
when books on "methods" were ridiculed; the science and art of
teaching depreciated; the study of the history of education little
valued; a knowledge of psychology pronounced of no practical use
to the teacher. But, now, how changed ! While there may be still
among us a few "relics of the elder way," I am glad to be able to re-
port that, with very few exceptions, all the teachers of all grades
from primary to high school are engaged in one or more lines of pro-
fessional study or reading.
In all grades the teachers have shown a new and a most com-
mendable activity in their efforts toward higher scholastic and pro-
fessional attainments.
This has been manifested in the larger and more enthusiastic at-
tendance at the general institute sessions, and in the practical char-
acter of and free participation in the grade institutes; in the great
No. 6. PITTSBURG. 225
iiiiiiibt'is availiu"* thoniyelvt's of the University Extension Lectures,
of the courses ottered by the \Vestern University of rennsylvania on
Pedagogy, and •)! the popular lectures given gratuitiously by Dr.
Blaisdell on the Teaching of English; and most especially in the or-
ganization of and enrollment in the Pittsburg Teachers' Reading
Circle.
This important feature of the educational system of Pittsburg
was inaugurated by the teachers' own initiative in the September
session of the institute. Its management was placed in charge of a
central committee of five. The committee organized promptly and
issued a circular to the teachers giving suggestions and directions
and the course of study for the year, emphasizing clearly the value
of the work and the plan of credits adopted.
The arrangements were entered into most heartily and almost
unanimously by the teachers of all grades including the high school.
Over nine hundred ^out of the eleven hundred public school teachers
are now enrolled. In many cases principals have taken charge at the
local circles organized in their sub-districts; in other cases teachers
are doing their reading individually.
The central committee recommending each year at least nine
books, three of which are to be books on the Art of Education, three
books on the Science of Education, and three books of General Cul-
ture. Each member to read annually at least one book from each of
the three groups.
The enthusiasm with which the teachers have accepted this op-
portunity for larger professional preparation and culture augurs
well for the future of our schools. Such reading must bring better
teachers.
The fact that manual training matters with the help of our newly
elected supervisor, are soon likely to take some very important steps
forward, make it unnecessary for me to devote space to their con-
sideration at the present time.
The vacation schools had a larger attendance last year than ever
before, the Central Board of Education increasing its appropria
tion to $5,000.00. This work is no longer an experiment and should
be more closely affiliated with our public school work.
The work of the kindergartens is increasing steadily, we now have
forty-one throughout the city, the Central Board of Education again
showing their appreciation of the work by appropriating |35,000.00
for their maintenance.
New buildings have been erected in the following districts: Hiland,
the ''Fort Pitt" building consisting of eight rooms; Moorhead, a
building of seventeen rooms; Peebles. "Roosevelt" building consist
ing of thirteen rooms. A twelve room addition, a gymnasium and a
kindergarten room have been added to the Homewood School ; a
15—6—1906
226 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
tire-proof annex to the Beltzhoover School; and additions have been
made to ihe Lincoln and the Minersville buildings Nos. 2 and 3, and
also to the Morse.
FOTTSTOWN— Wm. W. Rupert.
The work for the year 1U05-1906 has been reasonably satisfactory.
We have fallen below our ideals;, but, since these are constantly ris-
ing, this is no cause for discouragement. Teachers and pupils have
worked faithfully and the results have been gratifying.
Last April, Pottstown, held her first Teachers' Institute. We
have for some time been convinced that our interests would be
best served by having an institute of our own. The results have
fully justified our decision.
The following program will indicate the nature of the work done
at our first Institute:
MONDAY, APRIL 2.
9:15-
• 9:55,
9:55-
10:35
10:35-10:50
10:50-
11:30,
1:30-
2:10,
2:10-
2:50.
2:50-
3:05.
3:05-
3:45.
Morning Session.
8:45. Music— Teachers and School Orchestra, Prof. A. W. Weiser.
Devotional Exercises Rev. J. F. Behrens.
The Voice in the School Room, Miss Mary Brevai-d Roberts.
Nature Study and Natural Sciences, Dr. Edward F. Bigelow.
Recess.
The Batavia System Supt. John Kennedy.
Afternoon Session.
The Voice in the School Room , Miss Roberts.
The Cui Bono of Nature Study Dr. Bigelow.
Recess.
The English Language Supt. Kennedy.
Evening.
High School Building, 8 o'clock.
Reception to Parents and Teachers.
TUESDAY, APRIL 3.
Morning Session.
8:45. Music— Teachers and School Orchestra Prof. A. W. Weiser.
Devotional Exercises Dr. L. K. E^ans.
9:15- 9.55. A Classical Pilcrimage Suipt. Kennedy.
9:55-10:35. How to Study Plants in Growth and Structure Dr. Bigelow.
10:35-10:50. Recess.
10:50-11:30. Physical Education Miss Roberta.
No. 6. POTTSTOWN. • 227
Afternoon Session.
1:30- 2:10. The Teaching of History Supt. Kennedy.
2:10- 2:50. Honey Bees in the School Room— The Educational Hive for Obser-
vation and Experiment Dr. Bigelow.
2:50- 3:05. Recess.
3:05- 3:45. Physical Education, Miss Roberts.
WEDNESDAY, Al'RlL 4.
Morning Session.
8:45. Music— Teachers and School Orchestra, Prof. A. W. Weiser.
Devotional Exercises Dr. O. P. Smith.
9:15- 9:55. Reading Miss Roberts.
9:55-10:35. How to Study Birds and Pour- Footed Animals, Dr. Bigelow.
10:35-10:50. Recess.
10:50-11:30. Language in Relation to Arithmetic Supt. James M. Coughlin.
Afternoon Session.
1:30- 2:10. Reading Miss Roberts.
2:10- 2:50. Books and Apparatus— Indoors and Outdoors, Dr. Bigelow.
2:50- 3:05. Recess.
3:05-3:45. School Discipline Supt. Coughlin.
THURSDAY, APRIL 5.
Morning Session.
8:45. Music— Teachers and School Orchestra Prof. A. W. Weiser.
Devotional Exercises Rev. H. M. Dyckman.
9:15- 9:55. Reading Miss Roberts.
9:55-10:35. Opening of "Question Box," Dr. Bigelow.
10:35-10:50. Recess.
10:50-11:30. Concrete Methods in Arithmetic Supt. Coughlin.
Afternoon Session.
1 : 30- 2 : 10. Reading Miss Roberts.
2:10- 2:50. Outings in Fields, Forests and Meadows, Dr. Bigelow.
(Practically illustrated by excursion with entire Institute.)
2:50- 3:05. Recess.
3;05- 3.45. How to Study Supt. Coughlin.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Evening.
High School, 8 o'clock.
Music— Vocal Selections , Miss Sue Richards.
Lecture— "Twentieth Century Standards," Dr. A. E. Winship.
FKiDAY, APRIL 0.
Morning- Session,
8:45. Music— Teachers and School Orchestra Pro. A. W. Weiser.
Devotional Exercise, Rev. W. H. Ford.
9:15- 3:55. Reading, Miss Roberts.
9:55-10:35. The Interpretation of Original Problems Suipt. Couglin.
10:35-10:50. Recess.
10:50-11:30. "The Latest and Best in Education," Dr. Winship.
POTTSVILLE— B. F. Patteison.
One of the features pf educational progress inthePottsville schools
during the last year was the building ol a four roomed two-story
building. While the present requireinents only demanded three
looms, yet our school directors always think that it is economy to
build a little beyond the present wants and in this way keep a little
ahead of the immediate requirements. This school house is located
near the plant of the Eastern Steel (.'onipany. In this locality it
ib sujiposed that there will be quite an increase of pcquilation in a
year or two.
During the latter part of the closing school- term, there was a new
duty infl)0'sed upon the superintendents of the State. That of issuing
certificates to children between the -ages of fourteen and sixteen
who were desirous of going to work under the "so-called child labor
law," It would be interesting and profitable to know how this snb-
j< ft has been treated by the superintendents in general,
I have had no opportunity of knowing what others have done, but
will give a little sketch of what we have done in Po'ttsville. The
children in the borough who have applied for certificates, have gone
to the stores, to the silk mill and to the factories^ — so far none have
applied to go to the mines.
The benefits to be derived from this law will greatly depend upon
No. 6. RADNOR TOWNSHIP. 229
the conditions upon which the certificates are issued. If the sui>er-
intendent honestly carries out the law, then the standard of educa-
tion among children leaving school and going to work will be quite
considerably raised. Heretofore boys and girls too in many in-
stances would go to school for a year or two and then be kept out
bj their parents, or would play truant in spite of parent until they
were old enough to be employed at some kind of work. When this
class of children had an opportunitA^ to do something, they worked
about in the same manner that they had studied in school. In fact
they knew nothing of books and nothing of work. But if we bold
theiii down to what the law requires before issuing a certificate, in
our district it will require them to have passed at least through what
we call the sub-grammar grade. This will give them a fair knowl-
edge of reading, spelling, writing, English grammar throngh simple
sentences, and geography, and they will be familiar with the funda-
meii+al operations of arithmetic as far as percentage. This gives
them work for at least five or six years in school preparing to get
a certificate, which time would otherwise have been spent on the
streets. This will be a benefit to the schools, and a lasting help to
the boy who would otherwise have gone to work in total ignorance.
RADNOR TOWNSHIP, DELAWARE COUNTY— Geo. H. Wilson
The oft-repeated statement that ''the teacher makes the school"
is well exemplified in the schools of Ihis township whose gradually
increasing efficiency may be attributed largely to the work of our
corps of well-trained and expenenced teachers whose services we
have been able to retain from year to year. The i>olicy of elimination
adopted some years ago has resulted in our having at the present time
a group of progressive teachers who receive good salaries and whose
tenure of office depends solely upon personal fitness for the position;*
which they hold. While the rule of requiring all candidates for po-
sitions to have had either normal or college training combined with
at least one year's successful experience may seem unjust to the re-
cent graduate, yet experience has proved that it is the safest policy
from the point of view of the school.
Two innovations introduced this year promise to be of value in
imi>?'oving our schools. In the high school, pujjils who receive in-
struction in either vocal or instrumental music from private teach-
ers will receive credit for such work in proportion to the amount
of time spent upon the subject. All music lessons must be taken
230 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
at snch times as do uot conflict with the school hours aud three hours
credii yearly is the inaximuiii allowed at the present time. Certifi-
cates are required from the teachers stating that the work done in
this way is satisfactory and in addition a board of examiners will
pas? upon the pupils' work at the close of each year.
The reason for granting this privilege is found in the fact that
many pupils upon entering the high school find that the heavy de-
mand made upon their time by the increased home study required,
atfoids them little opportunity for practice in music, and as a result,
mau^^ prefer to leave school to continue their musical studies while
others discontinue their music lessons. Under the present arrange-
ment it is hoped that neither of these steps will be necessary.
In the lower grades of the primary and grammar schools a modi-
ficalion of the one-session plan in vogue in other places has been
tried with satisfactory results.
In the primary grades the pupils are divided into two divisions
according to their ability. Both divisions attend the morning ses-
sion while the second or slower division alone attends the session
in the afternoon. As the afternoon session is largely devoted to re-
views of the work of the morning and to individual help, the slower
pupils are by this means enabled to keep pace fairly well with the
stronger section while the presence of the brighter pupils in the
mioining acts as a stimulus to their less brilliant associates. The
chief criticism against such a plan is the fact that the pupils who at-
tend but one session lose time from school but as they are for the
most part children of greater nervous activity the out-of-door free-
dom of the afternoon is beneficial rather than 'otherwise.
In the lower grammar grades a somewhat similar plan has been
followed. Both divisions attend both morning and afternoon ses-
sions but the first division is dismissed a half hour or an hour earlier
according to grade and the balance of the session is devoted to re-
^iews and to individual assistance as in the case of the primary
grades.
Ai-5 a result of this plan the number of pupils who failed of promo-
tion at the close of the present school year was less than half of the
number who failed at the end of the preceding year.
READING— Charles S. Foos.
For the school year 1905-1906, Reading reports a substantial
growth. Growth, I think, has characterized every phase of our work,
whether administrative or pedagogical. For several years our
No. 6. READING. 231
schools have been one might say in a state of transition. The aim
at all times, however, has been to promote better conditicHis. To
this end, during the past year we have emphasized the work of the
teaclier as well as the work of the pupil. AVith the help of two ex-
celh'nt supervisors we have labored to improve methods of teaching.
This work has been constructive rather than destructive. It has
been in the way lof suggestion rather than criticism. It has aimed
at UiOre intelligent teaching, a closer correlation of the work, a sim-
plilication of the course of study, a more flexible dailj' programme
and more aid for individual pupils.
Ifi order to accomplish these conditions the teachers are provided
with outlines of the several branches taught. These outlines are
based on the text-books used, but the important features are em-
phasized and the unimportant minimized. In geography, for in-
stance, one outline deals with New England. The salient facts that
make this section interesting are prominent in the outline, the irrele-
vant facts are in the background or omitted. By a system of cap-
tions and sub-captions the natural adaptability or non-adaptability
for the several industries is defined. Each state is outlined accord-
ing to physical, industrial and political features, with special men-
tion to those facts peculiar to a particular state. Suggestive notes
for teachers, calling attention to characteristic features, follow each
section. The teacher thus grasps at a single glance the central theme
for her geographical lessons in New England — that on account of
natural conditions this section is adapted to fishing, lumbering,
manufacturing and commerce rathei' than to agricuJture, herding and
mining. These outlines have entailed much labor, but the results
have rej>aid the effort in their preparation. The aim of geography
teathing is better understood by the teacher. In the other branches
of study similar outlines have been or are being prepared. This
work, together with the perstonal work of the supervisors with the
teachers, has naturally brought about a simplification of the course
of scudy, a closer correlation of the several subjects taught, a more
(. conomical division of time and more intelligent teaching. In reach-
ing the individual pupil, wherever the study period, the period for
personal work, and the group plan have been conscientiously and
patiently used the result has been gratifying.
The chief obstacle in the prosecution of our plans has been the
sensitiveness of teachers. It is unfortunate that many teachers re-
sent criticism of their work. Unless a teacher is willing to discuss
the merits and demerits of her work she will not progress. Not one
of us is sufficient unto himself in teaching. The day of experience
without progress is passing. The era of ''my ways" and my ways
only will soon be no more. Dr. Brumbaugh well says: "The accepted
17
232 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
teacher of yesterday is by uiu meaus the accepted teachei- of to-mor-
row/'
An iiniijoitant feature of the work in Reading has been the effort
to improve the condition of pupils physically unfortunate. Of
coui'se, this has been laige'ly a work of cha'rity, but nevertheless de-
serves at least passing notice. Through the kindness of Mr. ^^'altcr
Boas, the H'omoeopathic Hospital, and several other persons, needy
pupils receive free treatment for defects of the eyes. Through the
public spirit of the physicians in the board indigent pupils have been
treated for other complaints. In several instances they have also
inspected schools, reported infectious condititm and rendered in-
valnable counsel. During the winter, Prof. (). H. Ennis, of Cliicago,
a specialist in stuttering and stammering helped many of the pupils
to overcome vocal difticulties, and in the future the supervisors will
endeavcrr to follow up this work.
The equijjment of the new high school for boys has loccupied much
time and attention. To decide and (o jjass upon more than twelve
thousand items were overwhelming problems, but by autumn we
exp-eet to have the school splendidly ecpiipped for an enlarged work
in all departments. The cost of the building and ecpiipment will be
about 1360,000. In the girls' high school the department of business
will also be more fully developed. F(mr additiona! teachers will be
added to the faculties of these schools. It may be a matter of inter-
est to add that the enrollment in the high schools, June 1, 1902, was
530. Jn September it will be over 1,100. My prediction four years
ago that a regrading of the schools would result in doubling the en-
rollment in the high schools has been verified. Rigid inquiry re
veals the fact that the capacity and the capability of the pupils has
not lessened, but, on the contrary, the average capacity is better.
This will still further improve as we improve our methods of teach-
ing.
Our evening schools closed a very successful term with the third
evening high school commencement Thursday, May 16. The total
enrollment for the year was very nearly 1,000, of which a third was
female, distributed as follows: High, 437; grammar, 180; elementary,
355. This does not include the large number who come in only a
few evenings and when confronted with work drop out. These
schools have become a permanent and important part of our school
system. They appeal especially to me because they help a class of
young men and young women, who otherwise would probably go
through life more handicapped thian they will now.
The enforcenu^nt of the vaccination law m,et with considerable op-
position in Reading, but we hope- before the opening of another
school year, all may realize the advisability of complying with the
law. Since the courts, both lower and higher, have sustained the
No. 6. READING. 233
State HcaUh (.'(miinissionci- in his efforts to eufoice the law, it is
usel«'ss for individuals to resist. It is the law of the state, and as
such must be obeyed whether personally we favor the law or not.
Reading has been enjoined not to admit any pupils, old or new. with-
out a certificate of successful vaccination, and it is incumbent upon
us to obey the law.
The new factory law has also given us considerable trouble. Dm
ing the first year of its operation 853 certificates were issued and
possibly a third as many refused. Tlie importunities for these cei
^tificales have often been insistent, and the pleas varied and often
touching. Many p<»ople feel that the superintendent has discretiou-
ary p()\^er in the matter, and. beyond question, it has added to tiie
already long list of his short-comings before the community. Per-
sonally. I think that some provision should be made that boys of
proper ])hysique and age be permitted 1o work in vaccation. Already
••)ur boys are insuflSciently safeguarded, and I forsee some danger in a
lot of idle boys, roaming the streets juid the surrounding country in
the summer days.
Keading entertained the Forty-ninth Annual Session of the Penn
sylvania Educational Association, July 11, 12, 13, 1905. To Read-
ing and its teachers this was an imitortant educational event, and
to the visitors, according to reports, it was a pleasant and profitabh?
gathering. We rejoice in the fact that the officers of the association
voted the meeting one of the best in the history of the association,
and we hope that Reading may have the pleasure of entertaining
another meeting before the lapse of another quarter of a century.
The State Association should increase in numbers and in usefulness.
Teaehers who attend grow not only socially but pedagogically. Con-
ventions break down the walls of ultra -conservatism, set one think-
ing, impress the fact that one may not be in possession of all that
is meritorious. I>et us stand by our association and make it a i>oten-
tial factor for the dissemination of what is best in education.
In brief permit me to report that the x>lan of grade supervisors
has been signally successful in Reading; that in seven schools we
have very satisfactorily done departmental work; that a system
of badges for newsboys has been begun, whereby these boys may be
more readily managed; more readily detected, if not regular carriers;
and more uniformity maintained among the carriers of the several
papers in the city; that the board has decided to erect four-room ad-
ditions to two buildings, and will purchase additional ground in the
growing sections of the city. I cannot close this report without a
word of c'omment about the financial j)oli<'y of the Reading Board
of Education. In spite of a substantial raise in salaries, the build-
ing and equipment of the new high school for boys, the doubling of
the number of grammar school teachers, the addition of six high
234 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
scliool teacliers, the tax-rate remains at f'our mills. The financiering
of Ihf bond issues is also such as to save the board thousands of
dollars in interest.
ROCHESTER— Orrin C. Lester.
I hereby submit to the Department of Public Instruction my first
report of the Rochester public schools.
W(t believe we have had a. go'od year. While the work of our
schools is not as good as we want it to be, yet we have had a lively
interest taken by both teachers and pupils, to whom I desire to ex-
press acknowledgment of my appreciation of their work, and their
faitlifulness in carrying out our plan as outlined.
The salaries of all the teachers getting |50.00 or less was increased
$5.00 per month, this change taking effect at the beginning of the
school year 1905 and 1906. For the school year beginning Septem-
ber, 3906, another increase of from J^2.50 to |10.00 has been effected
for the most of the grades. We hope that through increases in
teachers salaries and through increase of scho'ol spirit on the part of
all to whom the school is a benefit, that the work of the teacher may
indeed stand out in the dignity of an honorable profession.
Since this is the first report of the Rochester public schools, we
feel that we ought to mention siomething of the progress of our high
school. Within the last four years the enrollment has almost
doubled itself. Our teaching force has been increased from two to
five teachers, which now gives us a teacher for English; one for
Latin; one for German; one for history, and one for mathematics
and science. Our course of study has been extended from a three to
a four year course. On account of this change in the c'ourse, we had
a very small graduating class last year, containing only three mem-
bers, but we are glad to say, that they all propose attending more ad-
vanced school during the coming school year.
Friday afternoon before our holiday vacation was given to an en
tertainment in all grades. There was quite a nice interest shown
on the part of pupils, teachers and parents. Quite a number of
parents and other friends of education were present who seemed
much pleased with the recitations and songs of the pupils.
About the first of May we gave an exhibit of the wiork of out
schools from the first grade to the high school. This included work
in all the branches of study from every pupil in the schools. The
work of all the schools was exhibited in one building. Invitations
No. 6. SCRANTON. 235
were sent to all parents and other friends of education of the town
and even to some in neighboring- towns. Nearly four hundred peo-
ple were present who showed themeselves to be interested in our
work and in us. We think we have realized results from, this ex-
hibii that will help us in our work of the coming school yeair.
SCRANTON— George W. Phillips.
Reports published annually concerning any esitablished operation
must to a greater or less extent become stereotype in form. The
process of education is old, yet, with each successive generation of
children, some different phase of work calls f oi* distinctive treatment.
Scranton, as a city, is but forty years old, and its school cionsolida-
lion less than thirty, hence a single generation has witnessed the
following:
Population increased to 120,000; day school enrollment, 19,104;
nighi school enrollment, 2,567; graded schoiol buildings, 40; high
school buildings, 2; manual training school, 1; teachers' training-
school, 1; kindergartens, 21; night schools, 36; evening high school, 1.
The most valuable additions to our public schoiol system during
the past year were the opening of a second high school to relieve the
crowded condition of the central school and the presentation to the
district by Mrs. W. T. Smith, as a memiorial to her husband, of the
William T. Smith Manual Training School. Agreeable to the ex-
pret^sed wish of Mrs. Smith no public presentation or acceptance of
the gift was made. The building, one of the best of its kind in the
country, will stand as a most eloquent tribute to one generous
hearted enough to Consider the needs of those future generations of
children who will possibly receive here their first full conception of
the dignity of labor, whether mental or physical. The freedom from
restrictions concerning the building gives the board of control com-
plete management. The dourse has been outlined to cover a period
of four years, but as the work is to be introduced year by year the
real benefit will not be fully appreciated until the end of the course.
We have not yet seen the way practicable for extending the cus-
tomary work of the institute over periods throughout the year, yet
I am coming to the belief that these meetings should be more largely
cultural than purely didactic. It is incumbent upon those who have
charge of young people to improve the social as well as educational
environment of the child. The former has not been given the atten-
236 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
lion its Jiui)()i'taii((' demands. It is neccssaiy for the teacher tb be
given and to embrace c-\eiy opportunity lor pe'rsonal develo[)nH'nt
along lines Ihat are not always easily within reach.
In accordance with this idea soni- lof onr teachers have been de-
veloping an interest along the esthetic side by placing in the schools
works^ of literature and art secured by donations from themselves
and from public entertainments held. While the cry of "fad" and
"folly" is sometimes heard, yet there is more to be learned in school
than a knowledge of text-books and the so-called common branches,
if a child is to appieciatetthe best things of life.
V;hile appreciating the fact that the work of the graded school is
the important part of any school system, and, while not in any way
OAcrlotoking its importance, attention should be ealled to what might
furjiish a ipiite true index of the citizen's real interest in our public
schools. Taking the first thirty veais of the history of the high
shcool we tind that in the first ten year period, 109 graduated from
the high school. In the second ten year period, 300 graduated, and
in the third ten year period, 1070 graduated. This ratio far exceeds
the ratio of increase in the population of the city.
Night schools are not new in Soranton and a large attendance in
them not unusual. This year, however, an experiment was made of
chariging the plan of session, consolidating schools into central build-
ings and teaching four evenings a week instead of five. These changes
give an increased impetus to this department but the great handicap
to best results here, as elsewheire, is the securing of experienced
teachers. Next year a new plan may be tried that if put in operation
will be more encouraging in results. While everything possible
should be done for boys and girls who are conipelled to wo'rk, the
mistake is sometimes made of thinking that those who work can by
attending night school do as well ~:is those who attend day school
wholly. This is impossible both for physical and mental reasons
and parents and children should not be thus deluded. If we are to
assiniiliate foreign born children into the best ideals of Am,eriean citi-
zenship it is necessairy to keep them in day school longer than the
tendency appears to be at present. Thei'e were in the grade night
schools 1,738 boys and 437 girls making a total of 2,170 in these
schools.
For the first time in the history of the city an evening high school
was established and English, mathematics, modern languages, book-
keeping, stenography, typewriting, mechanical and free hand drawing
wer( taught. The interest in the school is best shown by the at-
tendance of 208 young men find 189 young woinen a total of 397. mak-
ing the full enrollment of night schools 2,.507.
The agitation being made to have a system of high school inspec-
tion on the part of the Department of Public Instruction would do
No. 6. SHAMOKIN. 237
much to solve the question of coiuelatioii of hij;h schools and nonual
schools.. As soioii as the status oi" eadi is established towards the
other, so soon will be settled, to a laige extent, the vexed (luestion
of city training land State Normal schools. When this relation is
established, the educational and professional (lualiflcations of the
teachers of the State can then be readily determined so far as cities
are conoerned.
Entirely too much responsibility has been placed upon school of-
ficials under the child-labor law. It has been literally carried out so
far as qualifications under it are concerned, but wheal a change takes
place either by ruling of court, or otherwise, it would seem but scant
courtesy that the Department of Labor should acquaint those grant-
ing labor certificates of any change of attitude as to the provisions
of the law, whether compulsory or voluntary, and thus prevent un-
necessary labor and annoyance on the part of those issuing these
certificates.
^^'hile the actual progress or improvement of any definite period
may not be well defined, yet a comparis'on of one year with a pre-
vious year, or years, will give a pretty accurate estimate of results.
We believe we are making progress. Teachiers, as a whole, are faith-
ful in their work and if the proposed teachers' retirement fund will
be successful in its outcome an added interest will be given to the
teachers' calling. It will be too long to wait for sufficient advance-
ment in salary to meet the situation. Let us 'all encourage this bene-
ficent measure for a most worth v vocation.
SHA^NIOKIN— Joseph Howerth.
In every depalrtment of our schools there are evidences of progress.
The crowded conditions that have tended t'o hamper the work of the
schoels for several years past have been relieved by the completion
of two new grade buildings during the yeiar. Each of these build-
ings contains fifteen school rooms and all the improvements and
equipments kniown to modeirn schWl architecture. The total cost of
the buildings and equipments is about |88,000.
The crowded condition of the high school has a tendency to in-
terfere with good work. The high school is becoming more popular
eacii year. Last year 92 per cent, of those who completed the work
in the eighth grade entered the high school, bringing the total en-
rollment to 340 pupils. On the evening of June 8th, the commence-
ment exercises were held in the G. A. K. Opera House, when a class
238 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
of 58 young ladies and gentlemen were graduated. Several of these
have decided to enter higher insititutions of learning next ye'ar.
The lattendanee for the year has been particularly goiod, and the
registration has increased 162 over last year. This is especially en-
couraging and is due to two principal causes; First, the compulsory
school law, and secondly, the new child labor law.
Ac a recent meeting of the directors it was decided to introduce
Manual Training in the grades.
SHARON— S. H. Hadlev.
The schools closed this year June 1. On that evening commence-
ment Exercises were held, and a class of thirteen were graduated.
Aside from the statistical report, I think the following subjects
are worth reporting.
To this time our schools have had nine years of work in the
elementary course. Knowing that the elementary course in most
places consisted of eight years' work, about four years ago we be-
gan working toward this end. Each year additional work was added
to each grade. Also many subjects in different branches of study
were eliminated, since it was generally conceded these were worth-
less both from stand-point of knowledge and mental discipline.
The attendance throughout the term was good, the average per
cent, of attendance being 96 per cent. One hundred eight more
pupils were enrolled this year than last, of which number 33 were
in the high school. Owing to the change of the course of study the
number promoted to the high school this year is larger than ever
before.
Both in kind and amount of work done in the music department,
we think the work better this year than ever before. More diffi-
cult and better music is taken up and mastered than was ever at-
tempted before. Special mention must be made of the untiring
effort of the director, Mr. D. A. Vaughn.
The annual art exhibit was held the last week of May. The work
of all the grades was exhibited and thrown open to the inspection
of the public. It was pronounced by all to be far superior to any
work ever shown before. This work was under the supervision of
our very efficient teacher, Miss Louise McCurdy.
While reporting our progress in our special subjects, the work
along the regular lines should be mentioned, as being of a high
No. 6. SHENANDOAH. 239
order, and mention sliould be made of the zeal and enerj^y of our
teachers, in both high school and ward schools.
In the line of books and supplies nothing which would tend to
the improvement of our schools has been denied us by our very effi-
cient Board of Directors.
SHENANDOAH— J. W. Cooper.
For another year the schools of this borough have moved quietly
onward. The members of the teaching force have done faithful
work. The pupils seemed to be imbued with the same spirit as
the teachers and the results were, in general, quite satisfactory.
The agitation and trouble among the directors had very little, if
any, effect on the working of the schools, for the work done and
the results obtained during the past term were in no way inferior
to those of previous j'ears. When it is remembered that there were
more contagious diseases to contend with than there have been dur-
ing any year for the last decade, the parents should be pleased with
the work done by their teachers.
There are two lines of work which may deserve special mention.
They are the advanced grammar work and the primary grade read-
ing. The more advanced education does not receive, in this town,
the encouragement that it should. It is difficult to keep pupils in
school after they have passed out of the first grammar school, and
not fifty per cent. (50 per cent) of those who enter the advanced
grammar school ever enter the high school. With three different
courses of study and a good corps of instructors, the high school did
not average one hundred pupils (100) for the term. The spirit of
putting pupils to work early has gotten a grip on this borough which
it seems almost impossible to break. This school has received a
further drawback by the principal, Mr. L. B. Edwards, resigning at
the end of the term to take up the study of law. He is a man of
considerable ability, had tact in discipline, method in instruction,
was well liked by his pupils, and obtained good results. Besides
teaching in other positions in this borough, he had served the Board
faithfully as principal for a period of two (2) years.
During the past term, the teachers, pupils and parents of the
advanced grammar school felt the onward impulse and caught the
spirit of progress which demands a more general education than is
obtained in the primary school. Under the master hand of Miss
Mary A. Connelly, principal, who controlled her two hundred and
240 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
sixty-five (265) pupils with perfect east. Most of the pupils re-
mained iu school till the end of the term, and ninety-nine (DDj, all
of the A class, were graduated, oi- passed for entrance to the high
school.
The results in the tirst year reading were especially satisfactory.
At the opening of the term, the Ward system of reading was intro-
duced, and the constant sound drill required in that system proved
a great help in enunciation and articulation in a community made
up, as this district is, of so many tongues. Outside of the change
in the system of primary reading, the system of instruction was the
same as previously reported.
During the year one new tirst grammar grade school was opened,
and tifty-four (54) new single desks were purchased for the same.
The librarj' trustees purchased nearly four hundred dollars (iP4()())
worth of new books for the library.
In order to advance the education of the children of this district,
a strong effort was made to enforce the laws governing the em-
ployment of children about the anthracite mines and in industrial
institutions with a considerable degree of success until Judge
Wheatou gave his decision on the constitutionalit3^ of certain parts
of the laws. After that, many of the colliery superintendents re-
turned to the old method and accepted the affidavit of the parent,
guardian, or custodian as sufficient evidence as to the age and quali-
fication of the api)licant for work, provided the applicant could read
simple sentences in the English language.
SIIEKADEN— F. L. llannum.
In a rapidly growing borough such as Sheraden it is a matter of
great difficulty to provide sufficient school accommodations for the
incoming troops of children. During the year just past our school
facilities were pretty severely taxed. In only one school building
was there a vacant room. Enrollment has nearly doubled in the
last five years.
Our high school is also fast out-growing its bounds. About 75
per cent, of the graduates of our common schools enter high school.
The new Commercial Course, covering stenography, typewriting
and the usual "business" branches, has attracted many who would
otherwise never have entered high school. We had some fear lest
the older courses might suffer in popularity when thrown into open
No. 6. SOUTH BETHLEHEM. 241
couipetition with one fitting especially and speedily for business.
That fear, we find, jvas groundless.
Our two libraries are steadily growing, both in actual size and in
usefulness. They now contain about 4,000 well-selected volumes.
The latest records indicate about 12,000 book loans for the year.
The year has not been marked by any startling innovations. Our
courses of study for the common schools have been slightly changed,
but only in matters of minor detail. A new graded course in litera-
ture for children's home-reading has been suggested, and parents
are cordially co-operating with us in this plan for developing taste
for good literature. The system of making an annual physical ex-
amination of all children in our schools — recording on the regis-
tration cards the results, especially those relating to sight, hear-
ing, weight, etc. — has now been in use with us for five years. The
results prove conclusively that the time and effort required have
been used to good purpose.
The laws relating to vaccination, compulsory education, and child-
labor, have been strictly enforced by us. Every child in our schools
has a certificate of vaccination on file in my office, and we have had
no difficulty in enforcing thnt requirement. The inherent weak-
nesses of both the compulsory education law and the child-labor law
have produced some trouble, but we have rigidly enforced both laws
in so far as we had legal authority. Bluff is a poor weapon for re-
peated use, and unconstitutional laws hurt the causes they are in-
tended to help.
SOUTH BETHLEHEM— Owen K. Wilt.
The six public school buildings of the borough with a seating
capacity sufficiently large to accommodate more than two thousand
pupils are in good condition, and are adequately provided with book
closets, clothes closets or wardrobes and well lighted lavatories.
One of the buildings — the oldest in the borough was recently reno-
vated— its ceilings apd walls were painted in light blue, the furni-
ture and woodwork repainted and varnished. Externally our build
ings make a fine appearance; the outside walls are covered with
creeping vines; the yards well supplied with shade trees, ornamental
trees, shrubbery, flowering plants and grass plots. The portions
of the yards used for playgrounds are generally kept in suitable con-
dition. Our people regard a well kept play ground of great import-
ance. In our case it serves as a cheap gymnasium. There is no
16—6—1906
242 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
better place for children to take bodily exercise than one in the
open air.
The home schools started a year ago were a success. In these
schools the children of the borough receive their first school train-
ing. It is astonishing to know how much they learn in one school
term. They learn to submit to commands — to keep busy, to walk,
to run, to write, to sing, to play, to read, to do easy handwork. Al-
ways doing something and always want something to do. The home
schools are dear little gardens for little children.
I am glad to report that the Board has recognized the long con-
tinued service of its faithful primary teachers by increasing their
wages. A faithful primary teacher deserves recognition as well as
a faithful teacher of a higher grade. Keep the experienced and
skilled primary teachers in the primary grade and increase their
pay for staying there.
I regret to state that on account of failing health two of our most
active and successful primary teachers were compelled to discon-
tinue their school room work.
Except a few cases of diphtheria and scarlet fever we had very
little illness among the pupils during the term.
On account of the overcrowded condition of the upper grades, and
for the purpose of retaining pupils a year longer in the grammar
and high schools the Board established a grammar B grade in five
of the buildings. By this plan the grammar school pupils will re-
ceive a better training in grammar school work and will be better
prepared for admission into high school. It will also lessen the
work in the high school by completing more of the common branches
before beginning high school work.
The laws regulating the public schools of the state have been
fully complied with. We do not claim that all children of school
age residing in the borough were in attendance at school, but we
know that a large number was brought to school whose parents
would, without a compulsory attendance law, have kept them at
home, or permitted them to live on the streets of the borough.
SOUTH SHARON— C. G. Canon.
In this the fourth year in the history of the school-life of this
community there was a marked im])rovement in the character of
work done by onr teachers. The standard of certificate has been
raised, salaries increased, and the result is better teaching and
schools. Our enrollment reached 1,327 an increase of 219 OA^er that
No. 6. SOUTH SHARON. 243
of last year. The average per cent, of attendauce was 93. Frequent
visits by the parents and a liberal patronage of the school library
with a large attendauce at public exercises shows a good public
senlinient that aids greatly in all school-work.
Because of increased attendance, an assistant teacher in the high
school has been secured and several for the grades are required.
Our buildings are kept in excellent condition, being painted and
decorated throughout, while deep wells are drilled at each building
furnishing water that is altogether wholesome. A special instructor
in music has been provided for, pianos are in use in each of the large
buildings which have greatly aided in the movements of large num-
ber of pupils at midday and at the closing sessions.
The greatest task perhaps is found in so providing sufficient room
that our schools will not be overcrowded. An assistant teacher was
employed for the year whose time was divided among several of
the tirst year schools in giving additional instruction where most
needed.
This proved very beneticial under the conditions and greatly bene-
fiting irregular ones in these schools who were low in their grade
because of attendance or slow in mastering the language. A few
more than SOU pupils were enrolled in the first year's work.
Emphasis is placed upon the work in English and history. Our
people are among the most cosmopolitan in the State and the con-
ditions and results are such as to demand and seemingly justify this
discrimination.
In a professional way, regular meetings of all the teachers were
held each month as well as grade meetings for particular discussion
and instruction.
An excellent book on Pedagogy was read and copies of the 'Penn-
sylvania School Journal" were provided by the "Board of Directors"
that our teachers became familiar with the educational activities of
the State also with much of the best in the educational progress of
a much wider field.
In the closing exercises, a class of 24 was transferred to the high
school — certificates of promotion being granted.
A class of three completed the three-year high school course, who
with several hundred citizens assembled in the Broadway Theatre
were addressed in a very able manner by Rev. T. B. Roth, D. D., of
Greenville, Pa.
The exercises were brought to a pleasant close by the presenta-
tion of the di})lomas l»y the president of the ''P.oard of Directors,"
Mr. A. R. Maxwell.
244 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
STEELTON— L. E. McGiimes.
Good schools Hie tlic product of at least three essentials; sys-
tematic and thoiough oi-ganiation, earnest and hearty co-operation,
jind intelligent and skillfnl teaching. Such organization implies
that each director, each supervisor, each teacher and each j)upil is
placed to the best advantage, and that each in turn is doing his best
in the place to which he has been assigned.
Such co-operation demands that the fundamental law of educa-
tional unity dominates the organization, the home and the school
and such teaching requires a cultured intellect, possessed of a
knowledge of mind as well as ma.tter, and much more, it requires a
sympathetic heart, i)rompted by a keen appreciati<m of the needs
of childhood.
To claim that the ideal was reached in providing these essentials
in onr schools during the past year would be to claim more than the
truth will admit. Suflfice it to say that progress was made along all
of these lines. On the whole the Board is to be commended for its
fidelity and its self-sacrifice, the patrons for their sympathy and
generous support and llie teachers for their faithfulness and their
skill.
SUNBURY— Ira Shipman.
Our annual school enrollment has not materially changed since
1900, even though the population of the town has greatly increased.
The chief reason for this seems to be that there are many lines of
work open for the services of boys and girls above the age of four-
teen years. The enrollment for the year 1900 to 1006, inclusive was
as follows: 2,147, 2,086, 2,008, 2,120, 2,138, 2,150, 2,190.
Employment certificates have not noitceably reduced the number
of persons between the ages of fourteen and sixteen years who chose
to enter a factory. The evidence of age is easily obtained and the
literary requirements are so simple that but very few can be re-
jected on that basis. In our locality nearly every applicant "Is able
to read and write simjile sentences in the English language."
The work of nearly all of our teachers may be classed as good and
very good. The liigh school teachers were elected for three years
and some of them seem to have worked u])on the princi])le, "We
liave been ehM-ted for three years and now we will do as w<' please."
No. C. SUNBURY. 245
The election of teachers is one of the most important duties of
lioaids of Education. Too much care and deliberation can not be
exercised in tlie discluirge of this duty. The best interests of the
scliools in tlie fullest sense of the term should be served.
The best teachers are not always those who can pass the best
examinations, or those who have si>ent most time in hij-hcr institu-
tions of learning. There are some natural qualifications that out-
weij^h acquired qualifications. Love for children, liberal views, in-
dustry and genuine interest are valuable considerations.
The true teacher endeavors to lay a broad foundation; to be liberal
rather than pessimistic; to teach with earnestness; to cheerfully
comply with established rules and regulations; to take an interest
in educational meetings; to know duty and do it; to take an interest
in the particular school to be taught; to work for the best interests
of the school system as a whole.
Teachers made monthly, in many cases more frequent reports of
non-attendants. The secretary gave immediate notice which in most
instances had the desired effect. The attendance otHcer wris fre-
({uently called upon to place truants in school. Two habitual
truants were sent to reformatories. Provision lias l)e(Mi made in
our schools for all pupils entitled to school privileges. Boys and
girls should either be in school, or employed in some useful line of
work. Street and alley education leads to inferior citizenship.
June 14, 1905, flag presentation exercises were held at the high
school building, and a large new flag floated, for the first time, from
the newly erected steel flag tower. Mrs. J. K. Cressinger was the
prime mover in securing the new flag and tower.
April, 1906, prize essays were read and prizes awarded by the
society, "The Daughters of the American Revolution," to Albert B.
(Jopenhaver and Margaret E. Kuebler.
The efficiency and harmony of the Sunbury schools have been
marred by the interference of local book agents.
Music was taught in all the grades under the supervision of Miss
Clara A. Wheeler. The study was pursued with varying interest and
results, upon the whole creditable to the supervisor, the teachers
and the pupils.
The graduating exercises were held May 25, 190G, in the Chestnut
Street Opera House.' There were thirty-three members in the class.
Col. C. M. Clement made the commencement address and presented
the dii)lomas.
During the school year ending June, 1900, the superintendent
taught in the higher grades nearly three months for teachers who
were ill ; n»ade 5:?2 visits to schools; held .ST teach<'rs' meetings; spent
131 days in oflflce work, and a total of 301 days in official duties.
Thanking the Department of Public Instruction, directors,
246 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
teachers and others who have aided me in my efforts to advance the
efficiency of the schools, 1 respectfully submit this, my seventh an-
nual report of the Sunbury schools.
TAMAQUA— Kobt. F. Ditchburn.
Another term has followed the last and I am glad it has followed
for it has not been a good one. About the middle of the term, some
unkindly party introduced small-pox into our town and a more un-
kindly party closed our schools for six long weary weeks. And
the wisdom of the school closing, neither helped nor hindered the
small-pox. For the children played on the streets, ran after the
pest wagon and congregated around the pest house, the people visited
one another as of yore, saloons and stores were run as usual and
school teachers vaccinated and nursed sore arms. Here I would
like to ask a question, "If a school board has the power and right
to order and compel teachers to be vaccinated, is there not some
power somewhere to compel the professional man, the merchant,
the mechanic, the miner, the laborer or any other man to be vacci-
nited?" But to return to the school closing business. During the
epidemic everybody kept on working as before and were paid as be-
fore, and we teachers who had no hand in the small-pox affair were
not allowed to work and were told that we must lose our pay at
the rate iof |1,700 a month, and the people especially those who pay
one dollar school tax ran after the school directors and made them
believe that it was unlawful and morally and physically wrong to pay
the teachers, and the directors being taxpayers themselves felt it
was their duty and only duty to take care of the taxpayer. Now
there are some people so old fashioned as to think that the great
duty and only duty of the director is to care for and promote educa-
tion. If this is done then the taxpayer will be amply cared for and
get the worth of his money. But isn't it remarkable what a soul-
destroying thing taxpaying is? How often I have seen and heard
saint and sinner, the wise and the foolish, lie to the assessor and
swear at the tax collector. I believe the greatest question to be
discussed by educators is "how to pay teachers without taxes."
Terhaps the above stuff is not suitable for such a report as you
ie(|nir('. I will only add, our school board after all paid the teachers
ill full. So you see, if as some say right is nearly dead in the land
it is still alive in Tamaqua.
To come down to reality we admitted during the past term 1,711
pupils. Average age, 10 years.
No. 6. TARENTUM. 247
.Vuinitted: Boys, 862; girls, 841); total, 1,711. Average monthly:
Uoys, 737; girls, 726; total, 1,4G3. Average daily: Boys, 047; girls,
035; total, 1,282. Average per cent.: Boys, 88; girls, 88; total, 88.
Our schools are graded or numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, sub-grammar, gram-
mar, high school.
The average number of pupils in each grade during the term :
First grade, 2'54 with 4 teachers.
Second grade, 181 with 4 teachers.
Third grade, 344 with 8 teachers.
Fourth grade, 255 with 6 teachers.
Sub-grammar, 174 with 4 teachers.
Grammar, 167 with 4 teachers.
High school, 88 with 2 teachers.
The first grade is where the child first comes to school. In this
grade half the pupils come in the morning and the other half in
the afternoon.
In the fourth grade all the common school branches are taught
except algebra.
In the sub-grammar the same branches as those of the fourth
grade only more so.
In the grammar grade all the common school branches and
geometry.
From the second grade on to the high school inclusive, drawing is
taught.
Last evening we held our high school commencement. The class
was composed of 13 young ladies and 7 young gentlemen and the
public attendance was the usual crush.
TARENTUM— A. D. Endslev.
The office of superintendent of schools in Tarentum was estab-
lished by our Board in May, 1905. Accordingly this is our first re-
port.
During the past year the borough has maintained two free kinder-
gartens with an enrollment of 123 pupils; the common schools with
26 teachers and 1,163 pupils; and the high school with six teachers
and 166 pupils. Thirteen pupils were graduated from the high
school, having completed a four years' course,
A course in physical training was introduced at the beginning of
the year in all the grades.
We have also tried a modified form of the Batavia plan with suc-
18
248 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
ct'ss. The special teacher for this woilv has a small room to her-
self. To this room are seut from the \arious grades the pupils who
need individual help in the ditferent branches. This teacher also,
at times, works in the ditferent class rooms during study periods,
and thus keeps herself thoroughly informed as to the progress of
the class as a whole. This plan has resulted in interesting in their
school work, pupils who have never before liked to come to school.
The difference between the compulsory attendance law and the
factory law has resulted in quite a little confusion in our district.
In this section boys are in great demand for our mills and factories.
Many of our boys between 13 and 14 years of age leave school and
go to work without employment certificates. As the compulsory at-
tendence law excuses children over 13 who can read and write and
are engaged in useful employment, we have had to permit these boys
to remain out of school. The department of factory inspection has
not been able to \\vv\) these boys from securing employment in this
section.
TAyL(>R— M. J. Llo\d.
Substantial progress in grade woivic, tcniching ].>ower and general
school oirganizalion was made over the conditions of preceding years.
These were due to the increased capacity and beitter facilities that
came with the opening of our new high school. This building was
completed and occupied the latter part of last September.
Tv^eu'ty-fise entered the high school department and eighteen the
commercial department. There was six'ty in the eightli grade and
seventy in grammar B grade. This indicates remarkable growth in
the upper grades where a few years jireceding there was little oi'
no alignment in gradi^ work, and no attempt at high school work.
The professional topics studied and discussed during the year in
the monthly teiachers' meetings miaterially helped to make the teach-
iMS more etficient in teaching power and school management.
The coiniHilsory attc^ndance law as applies to factories is rigidly
enforced. A\'e have no child woirking undeir age in any of the several
silk mills here. This coirditioii is due to th'e strict adherence tO' the
l<>(ter lof the law in gramting certificaites by the superintendent and
also to thie cloise ins})ection on the part of tlie factoiry insjXM-tor of
.ev( ry cei'tificate granted. I wish 1 could make a, similar leport foi'
the mine compulsiory law.
The ]iresent compulsory act is Hagi'antly violated by the officials
No. 6. TYRONE. 249
of (lie several (mkiI bicakiMs licrc, in (Miii»l()yiii«; cliildn'n to work in
and around the sivcial laij^o brcakc^is willionr I lie jnoper qiialificta-
tions. The law as it now stands is abortive and will renuiin so, until
it shall be anjended to appoint inspcctoi'S whose entire duty will be
to conipej each boy to jn-oiicrly (jnalify before being allowed to work.
The b'oiard recently purchased CroweH's complete ]diysical api)ara-
tus \A'lth this we believe more thmough work will be done in the
subject of phj'Sics.
TITUSVILLE— Henrv Pease.
As superintendent of schools for the city of Titusville, I have very
little to report of special interest or of value. Our schools have been
doin^- steady, progicssive work, without any experiments, excej)t
that we continue to devo'te a definite amount of tinu' in all grades
to individual work with the children who seem to need it most. With
us, this is no longer an experiment, but an accepted method of teach-
ing which brings the best results.
The sewing classes introduced into our schools ;a few years since
hav(? become an esitablished fact which no one would think of dis-
continuing. There has been a very iioiticeable improvement in the
care which the school girls give their iiersoual apix^arance which
miore than justifies the expense. It is evident that those who most
need to learn economy in domestic mij'tters are being helped. We
hope to do as much for th(^ boys by (establishing mianual training
(lasses in the future.
TYRONE— I. (\ M. Ellenberffer,
The aim of our ti^acheis during the pasit year has been genuine
])i'ogre;SS. Our course of study has been somewhat improved and en-
riched by the addition of niiucli suitable sujtphMmnitary leading ma-t-
(er.
Our attendance throughout the year has been good, and this is es-
jici ially tiue in the grammar schools; whei-eas hei-etofore we have
lust (juile a number of our gr'aniuiar grade pujvils, at least 00 per
( ent. of those remained to com]dete the work of the grade. This is
encouraging'^ when it is reniiend)ered that in the grammar gr'a(h^s the
jirciitcst number of ])upils ai'e lost.
2bO PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Owing to the crowded condition of the Adams Avenue Building a
new scho'ol was opened. For several }ears the board has realized
vile iiec( ssity of preimriiig accomniod'ationiSi for our higher grade
students and thus relieve the crowded condition of the lower grades.
We purchased for |8,50() one of th(^ juost comniianding sites in town
for a high school. We hope suon to erect the much needed high
school building.
>^'hait we are greatly in need of is a modern high school building
serviceable and useful in all of its a^jpointmeiits, with a spacious
and thoroughly eijuipped manual training department.
Successful liocal iustitu'tes were held during the year in this and
adjoining districts. These institutes always found a goodly num
ber of our teachers i>resent taking an active part in the discussions
and in preparing and reading papers on educiational subjects. We
adopted a course of systematic reading and study of professional
works, which course each teacher is expected to complete during the
course.
\ ocial music has been taught in all Uie grades for two years and
has become well established. Every provision was made to make
this department strong. Teachers' meetings were held semi-iiKmthly
foi' instruction.
The attendance throughout the term w^as good. Both the com-
pulsory attendance law and the vaccination law were rigidly en-
forced. Eleven students were graduated from the classical depart-
ment of the high school and seven from the commercial department.
WAYNESBORO— J. H. Reber.
The Waynesboro schools closed May 21. The term was one of
conJinuouiS annoyance on account of the attempted enforcement of
(he coinpulsory vaccination law and of an epidemic of measles which
O'vertpread the town about two months before the end of the term
and coiiitinued until after the close of school. Thus we cannot re-
port moi'e than the equivalent of six months' good solid work. The
eiHoUniienit was the largest in the history of the schools, and as there
is a constant growth in l^opulation, we anticipate a large incj-ease
next term.
('oinmencement exercises were held Tuesday evening, May 22,
when a, cl'ass of fifteen was graduated — fourteen young ladies and
oni' lone ge^ntU'inan. Two prizes were given^ — 'one, a five dollar
No. 6. WEST CHESTER. 251
gold piece, to Mr. Scott Buhrmau, for the highest average; another,
to :Miss Ella Sheeley for not being once tardy during her public school
course. Supt, McGinnes, of Steelton, addressed the audience in
words that should leave a lasting impression.
It is a fact to be deplored that so many of our pupils — especially
the boys — leave school before they have completed their course, to
ent<-r shops and stores. There is a consitant demand for them, and
the temptation of the few paltry dollars is too strong for them to
resist. Many of them see their mistake when it is too late. The
worst feature about it is that the employer takes our best and most
reliable pupil. We have entered a crusade against the practice, but
we have not yet succeeded in reaching a large number.
One of the most conspicuous evidences of growth and progress is to
be seen in the increase of the number and character of our school
h'ouses. All, built within the last fifteen years, h^ve large rooms
with an abundance of light well distributed; they are all supplied
with modern sanitary equipments for heat, ventilation and closets-,
they have cloak rooms, class rooms and spacious halls; they have
an abundance of slate blackboards in every room, mostly single
desks, and many wther devices for the comfort and convenience of
teacher and pupil in the prosecution of their daily tasks. The Clay-
ton Avenue Building is in process of erection and will be ready for
occupancy at the opening of next term. It will be a beautiful struc-
ture of pressed brick and trimmings of cement stone. An electric
progj-am clock (the grandfather style with automatic winder, manu-
factured by the Fred. Frick Clock Co., Waynesboro, Pa.), will be
placed in the superintendent's office, with a secondary clock in each
school and recitation room. Tte entire building will be equipped
for electric lighting which is in keeping with the time and supplies a
long felt need. Heretofore we have been much embarrassed for want
of a lighted building in which to hold meetings of \^arious kinds.
During the yeiar a physical laboratoi'^' outfit was added to the
etpiipment of our high schooil. Our school libraries received a large
number of new books and many more will be added next term. Our
next great need will be a central high school building to meet the
steady growth of our town in population. These are a few of the
signs of the progress we are making.
WEST CHESTER— Addison L. Jones.
During the year special stress was l.iid on the teaching of language,
including reading, spelling and written and oral composition. Many
failures in geography, history and arithmetic in the grades, and all
252 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
tlio l)rauclies in the high school, are caused by an inability to get
thought from the printed page and an eqnai incapacity to express
'orall;\ oi' in writing what lias been learned, t^arefnl, thorough, and
well-directed teaching in the subjects mentioned will remove, in
some measure, much ©1 the diflflculties encountered, and help more
pupils to independent study and self-reliant effort.
Tiie ch^aracter of the work done in drawing and other fornns of
hand work, has changed materially in the last few years. The
cohrse now goes from paper cutting, folding, weaving, plaiting, bask-
etry sewing, woodworking, together with drawing and painting, in
the first grade through the higli school. All of this is coi'related so
clo«('ly with the othe'r branches of the schools that the work of the
supervisor in drawing and manual training has become of greatest
importance. TTie results in his department are not only of prtomi-
nence in any course of study, but thi^y are so tangible that the most
conservative critic readily sees, and usually acknowledges the value
in the work. It is one of the few subjects in the curriculum in
which every pupil has an interest. Its use is found in all industrial
pursuits, and a knowledge of the several forms of art work found
in Ihe schools adds mucli to the pleasures and enjoyments of life.
The school board uses just care in the selection of teachers. It is
the aim to get those w^ho have ample academic training and profes-
sional experience; as well as strong and noble character that will,
by close and daily contact with pupils, impress itself upon them with
effects more potent for good than all formal and skillful teaching.
If there can be placed in every school room a teacher, honest and
sincere, unselfish and sympathetic, patient and enthusiastic, deeply
interested in every boy and girl, the pupils will strive earnestly to
do well, and the school will be known for its efficiency, and the
pupils for their steady growth in knowledge and character.
The year in the high school was on^ of the best. The teaching was
generally excellent, the discipline easily managed, and the deport-
ment of the pupils exemplary, and the results in nearly all cases
commiendable. The addition of new courses and combination of
studies, and the improvement of the facilities for giving instmction
in several subects, have given the school 'a, reputation that has drawn
many pupils fromi the adjacent districts; and besides, many families
move into the borough to avail themselves of the educational ad-
vantages afforded. In June a class of thirty-four (34) was graduated,
seventeen boys and seventeen girls, of whom twenty-nine will con-
tinue their education at college, normal schools, or other institution
of higher learning.
A commercial conrse has been added to the curriculum of the
high school, in which spelling, etymology, composition, penmanship.
No. 6. WEST CHESTER. 253
letler writing in all its forms, a niodi-ru language, science, history,
iniatlitmatics, will all be taught with a view to the mastering of the
subjects studied. In addition, thorough and comprehensive courses
in, book-keeping, commercial geogra]>hy, stenography and typewrit-
ing are parts of the course in Junior and Senior years.
This new course is more generally helpful to pupils who cannot
continue their education be\-ioud the high school. It must make tht
pupils mot-e broadly intelligent and 'it them to think for themselves
and stand as practicial men of alfair>i. The business man needs th*-,
britad basis of general culture which he gets in the high school, with
the added training and skill which come from his technical knowledge
reached through his grasp on comrt'.ercial and practical subjects.
The gc^neral and commercial courses in the high schoiol should pre-
pare pupils for business whether it be in the home, the store, the
bank, the foundry, or on the farm. The diploma from the high
school should signify that the holder is ready to begin work.
The crowded condition of the high school building prompted the
school board to begin the erection of a new building for high school
purposes lonly. In planning foir the i^tructure, the best models were
studied, and the features adapted to the needs of our community, in-
corporated in the new building. Ample provision is made for class^
rooniis, library, reading rooms, office, teachers', directors', and su
perintendent's rooms. Laboratories with facilities and proper aji
pliances foT teaching the sciences are provided. Rooms for manual
training and the gymnasium are placed on the ground floor. The
best known means of lighting, heating and ventiMing are used. It
is likch' the building will be dedicated during the Christmas holidays.
The child study agitation of a few years ago, has not reached the
bounds desired by its proniotoirs, but it has awakened an abiding in-
terest in the individual pupil, which hias wrought wonderfully in
teaching and discipline. Kindness, sympathy and firmness, com-
bined with an interest in every child make an ordinary teacher in-
valuable to a community. Such a teacher may know little of child
study technically, but her pupils are known by her, and she teaches,
leads and controls them with a heart that shows only affection and
love, and a hand whose touch brings enconragement and strength.
In more of lour schools do we find such teachers as understand
their pupils. Out from these schools will come youth with, charlac-
ter well formed; and all agree that character is the true end of all
education, all others are only means to this one. It gives our boys
and girls will power. It will enable them to stand amid trials; it
enables them to rise above their envii-ionment "and lead their fellows;
it nu kes them a power in the Avorld.
It is the business of our schools to use all means and forces that
the pupils may develop for themselves well rounded, symmetrical
254 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
stable character. A better understanding of ciiild nature, a fuller
academic traininj;-, and a more intelligent view of the ends to be
reached, in our schools, make the teacher of today a wonderful
means of reaching- the highest ideals in education.
WILKE^-HARKE— James M. Coughliu.
In submitting the sixteenth annual report of the public schools
of Wilkes-Barre city, it is believed that this report can be made with
the assurance that the work of the year was thoroughly done, more
thoroughly than usual. No year in. the history of the schools was
more favorable to continuous effort by pupils and teachers than
the one just cl'osed. The teachers took advantage of these favorable
conditions and correspondingly good results Mlowed.
The observations made on the year's work as compared with other
years are made with special reference to the thoroughness in whic^h
the prescribed work was done; the intelligence entering into the in-
struction given; the appropriateness of directions on the prepara-
tion of tasks assigned; the real grasp of educational purposes and
proc< ;bses, and the expression of all ol these effoi'ts by the pupils in
ways indicating knowledge and culture.
The work of teaching as related to an organized system of educa-
tion is not a general forward movement but a repetition of each
year's work by a new set of pupils.
There are progressive steps for the children as they pass on in
the gi^ades but the individual school repeat® year after year the work
of the preceding year, with minor changes only, and with varying
degrees of thoroughness. These conditions develop two marked
chaiadteristics in the teacher's wtork. The one shows a tendency to
drop into routine, crystalizing in method, takes a fixed gait, and be-
comes lifeless and spiritless, wanting in force and action. The other
shows the teacher becoming more skillful in her department; vary-
ing the details of method and processes but maintaining unity in
purpose and work. She keeps her mind and the children's minds
active on the thought side of things and approaches the verge of
possibility in skill and effectiveness with each year's experience.
Where changes are not too frequently made and speoial care is
exercised in selecting persons of fort^e and adaptability the working
force of the schools should become more and more expert and skill-
ful, better prepared to take the initiative, better able to meet
unusual cases and bring all pupils to their highest possible attain-
No. 6. WILKES-BARRE. 255
meuis, with the least loss of time and energy. The superintendent
labored continually to stimulate the latter tendency, to eliminate the
foi iner, and is pleased to report that the latter tendency dominate?*
the teaching force of this city, and that a keen appreciation of
thoroughness, and what really makes for thomughness is a cons'tant
growth here.
Jt is proper too to bear in mind that the standard of excellence
changes and advances with achievement. Our ideals become more
clearly defined the closer we worlv to our patern and we uncon-
sciously require others to approach more and more nearly our ideals.
The year was especially noted for excellent atitendance. The first
four months of the term had an average attendance of ninety-four
per cent., and the entire term of ninety-three and three-tenths per
cent. The total enrollment in the day schools shows an increase over
last year of 617 pupils. To meet this increase in the schoiol popula-
tion, the school board has under way improvements of the school
properties in different parts of the city that will add fourteen new
rooms for next year. This will provide liberally for present needs
buit will not meet similar demands .or the future.
Promotions are made at the close of the year on the reconrniend'a-
tion of the teacher of the grade and the approval of the principal of
the building. These recommendations are made under three head-
ing: Promoted, not promoted and doubtful. The superintendent ap-
proves these recommendations, after giving those marked not pro-
moted and doubtful his personal attention.
This plan of promotion is believed to be sensible and effec'tive.
It is fair to assume that if the work of the grade is properly adjusted,
suitable subjects of study prescribed, a competent teacher put in
charge of the claiss, at the close of the year should pass on, and if
any of its members are not prepared to do so, it is the business of
supervision to look into the reasons why such pupils are mot ready
for promotion, rather than why the others are prepared for promo-
tions.
Piight thousand two hundred and ninety-five pupils were on the
i^olls' at the close of the school year, of this number 3,413 boys and
3,509 girls were promoted, making a total of 6,922 promotions. Of
those retained 911 are in the first year grades. In these grades the
pupils enter at irregular intervals during the year and have not
covered sufficient work to be considered.
The percentage of promotions not including those of the first year
is 91 '. including the first year classes 82^ per cent, were promoted.
For the school year ending June, ]906, the high school enrollment
was 955, showing an increase over 1905 of 111 students.
In 1890, at the time of the consolidation of the three school districts
of the city under one school government, the elementary schools were
256 ] PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
well (ii-JL^'anized all over the eity, the main woak Iteiug to bring the
di.shicls toj^e'ther and nnify the sy.stcm. Iniiiiovenieufis and addi-
tions to the coarse of study for the elementary schools, have been
made from year to year, aiming at greater utility as well as broader
culture.
The high school, howe\'er, in its presemt usefulness and future pos-
sibilities belongs to the history ol the schools since that time. Irs
growth has been (piite remarkable, but steiady and natural, not stim-
ulated by advertising or foTC(^d by enthusiasm. Its growith is due
to an appreciation by the whole community, of its value and the nec-
essity of taking advantage of the privilege otfered for the higher
education of the children, Since 18!)(), one thousand five hundred and
thirtj-six studenits have been gTiaduated.
The career of these young people since graduation has been credita-
ble to the high ischoiol and honorable to themselves. They are found
in tin schools as educators; in, the professions as lawyers, doctors
and ministers; in the banks and business houses of the city and
county; they have graduiated from the technical schoolis and are
associated in engineering projects; and many of those more recently
graduated are pursuing courses of study in higher institutions of
learning, and are found enrolled, the past year at Harvard, Wes-
leyan, AVellesley, Vassiar, Smith, Syracuse, Cornell, University of
Pennsylvania, Lafaye'tte, State College and the Normal schools of
the State.
Drawing, vtocal music and manual training, ho'ld a prominent place
in the course of study and are appreciated by the people both for
their utility and culture.
Tin schools of the city ar(» in a wholesome progressive state.
3 he people approve them and pay taxes willingly to support them.
Tiiey are well govei-ned, economically administered, but not hin-
dered in their progress by witliholding judicious expenditures.
Teachers are well paid, their work and worth appreciated and their
pofeitic-ns certain where good service is rendered and a conscientious
discharge of duty noted.
WILKINSBTTRG— James L. Allison.
It seeniis a hard task to sum up the good i-esults of a school term
to make a report of the year's work to the School Department. This
seems the more ditificult when there has been no great movements in
school work but when all hav(^ worked earnestly and faitMully fof-
the best interests of the school.
No. 6. WILKINSBURG. 257
'llicTL arc however, a few featuieH of the work that I think de
«<'ive meiitiou iu this annual leport.
A sj)ecial teacher in music lias had charge of tliis work foi' four
years and it seems, now. that the results of this work are manifesting
themsielves. At several teachers' meetings and a(t public meetings
of the literary societies of the high school, the musical part of the
programs was furnished by the members ol the school and the re-
sults were satisfactory and complimentary to the work being done
in that line. It will prove more gratifying from- j'ear to year that
music is a part of the daily Work of the pupils and the ability to read
music and sing simi»le music will be a pleasure to many in years to
come.
Drawing is another feature that has received special attention
under the direction of a competent teacher and suix^rvisor during
the I'ast six years. During the year, an exhibition of the draw-
ing of all the pupils was held in each building and the patr^ons were
invited to inspect the work during an afternioon while the school*
were in sessi'on. Many of the patrons visited the schools on these
occasions and all were pleased and gratified at the results of the
children in this work.
The Woman's Club of AMIkinsburg has always been mindful of
the schools and is always doing something to show their interest iu
them. Each year, this organization has presented a beautiful pic-
ture to each building and it will not be long until the buildings wall
be well provided w ith works of art.
Last September, a plan of individual instruction was established
in all the grades above the fourth and the plan has proved so help-
ful to the teachers and pupils that every teacher who bas used the
plan asks that it be continued next year. Fewer pupils failed to be
promoted than has been tlie case at the end lof any term for many
years and there has been a greater bond of sympathy between the
teachers and pupils than I have ever observed in any schools. T
attribute this largely to personal contract of the pupils with the
teachers.
• The high school has become much crowded on account of the ex-
tension of the ciourse w hicli now covers a period of four years. There
was no graduating class this year and tbere have about one hundred
and fifteen qualified to enter at the beginning of the next term. One
teacher was added to the faculty last year, making eight, and one
more will be necessary this coining year.
The board lias completed arrangements tO' build a modern sixteen-
rooined building for the accoinniodati'on of the grades but the build-
ing will not be completed for over a year. The building is to coii-
17—6—1906
258 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
taiu sixteen school rooms, a iwincipaFs room, teachers' room:, supply
room and a library.
The success of the schools for the year has been due largely to the
e£Iici( nt work of the teachers, the earneistness of the board, the readi-
ness of the press to take up tlie cause of the schools, and the sym-
pathy and coui^tesy of the Department. All of these have made the
work successful and pleasant, and we look back over the year with
gratefulness and look forward to the coming year with hopefulness
that it may exceed in efficiency that of the one just cliosed.
WILLIAMSPORT— Chas. Lose.
During the last school year more than the usual attemtion was
paid to the matter of the responsibility of the schools in the moral
training of the youth of the district. The changes recommended in
this conneotion are systematic and regular teaching of morals in the
schools, such improvements as are necessary to bring our system of
discipline in full accord with the established principles of mioral
training, and some slight alterations in the school curriculum.
The schools of every city must, in n measure, be held responsible
for the profanity, obscenity and cigarette smoking of boys ; for the
loitering lalte at night of girls on the streets; for the rude and bois-
terous conduct of children in public places; for the offenses of youth
that bring them into the clutches of the law; for the loafing and idle-
ness of young persons; for the readicg by the young of bad books
and the attendance at cheap and immoral shows; for the extrava-
gance of young men and women and a dispo'sition to run into debt;
for a lack of filial obedience and of respect for the aged and superior;
and for other bad habits that are more common than they should
be. In spite of the fact that all of the teaching and the work of the
schools have a strong moral tendency and that influences for evil
outside of the school and over which the school can have no direct
control are always active and powerful, the thoughtful person who
sees the conduct of a considerable number of boys and girls on the
streets and in public places and v»'ho reads daily the newspaper
accounts of youthful offenders and leairns of the many cases of young
persons over whom parents have lost control and who are fast going
astray, is driven to the conclusion that all the forces for good are
none too strong to meet the temiptations and attractions of urban
life and that we must look to the schools to "so counterajcit and cure
No. 6.
WILLIAMSPORT. 259
iiK);al disease in its incipeiit forms as- to attord to all of our youth a
fundamental training in habitual morality."
It is said that in the schools of rtance everything else is subor-
dinated to moral instruction. In both England and Germany the
question of mwal instruction in the schools is the subject of most
cairnest study and careful planning. Students of education in our
own country have found that ''the moral purpose is acquiring a su-
preme authority and. all agencies of the school are finding their place
and adjusitmenit in subordination to this controlling influence." In
many cities it has been decided that the incidental and informal
teaching of morals together with the moral influences of the school
studies and exercises is not sufficient and moral instruction has con
sequeutly been made a part of the school curriculum and given a
place on the weekly or semi-monthly programme. There is every
reason to believe that regular and systematic instruction in morals,
with one of the newer textbooks on this subject in the hands of
each teacher, and with the same amount of time devoted to the dis
cussion of its methods in teachers' meetings as is given to other sub-
jects would bring results in the moral training of our pupils that
would please all good people.
In connectioni with the question of moral training it is necessary
to consider the matter of punishment and discipline by force. The
nunjber of cases of corpoiral punishment reported in all of the schools
of mciist cities makes an unpleasantly large total. An investigation
of the causes that lead to this punishment shows that offences rangt>
from whispering to incorrigibility and rebellion and that whipping
in niany schools is a common punishment for certain bad habits and
immoi al conduct in cases where the ofl'enders are surely made worse
rather than better by it. A thoughtful writer on the subject of
moral training says on this particular topic: "No doubt there are ex-
cellent schools where force is occasionally used, and doubtless con-
venience and the practical ends of an immediate success seem to de-
mand that force be applied; but it is certain considering the school
as a whole that the use of physical force occasions a loss in that fine
feeling of co-operation between pupils and teacher which we look
for in the best schools." There are other improper punishments oc-
casionally used by teachers that may have just as serious an effect
on the child's character as corporal punishment, but they have be-
( ome so uncommon in modern schools as to warrant little attention.
If corporal punishment can be reduced to the minimum in our schools
and finally be abandoned entirely and if instead of this discipline by
force we can substitute a discipline in all of our schools secured
through that skillful teaching that induces quiet, attention, and in-
dustry and through appeals to high and worthy motives there is cer-
tain to be a great gain for the cihild. "The relations of teachers and
260 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
pii]Mls to one aiiotlu'i- in the iiciessai-y social contact of school life
are e^sentialiv moral and should be shaped u^iion moral ideas and
practice.
The effects of the nnodern school curriculuni on the moral d<^velop-
meut of the child is now jiretty well undeiwtood. The old time school
with its narrow range of studies and the meagre list of ideas pre-
sented in those studies lacked pleasure for children and fostered
idleness and mischief. Arithmetic was the principal study and the
three "R's" were only the subjects ever studied by a large j-art of
the school. The work, confined almost entirely to the study of the
text book and to' memory drill, was too abstract and too general,
had little or no cionnection with life outside the school room, and
seldom or never appealed to the best that was in the pupils. That
miany men who were educated in these schools made a success of
their lives must be attributed to the men and the times rather thftn
to the schools.
The modern school with its rich course of study administered by
well trained teachers who are in symjiaithy with child life is a mioirally
healthful place for children. Music and art beautify the work of
the schools and de^■elop the emotioiial nature of the child. Through
literature there 1ms been incorporate'l into the course of study great
moral ideas expressed in the most beautiful language. Through
manual training the pupils have been given an experimental ac-
quaintance with the fundamental arts of life and sympathy with rail-
lions of artisian.s in their daily toil." Nature study with its excur-
sions and physical culture witli its games and plays have led children
by pleasant paths up to a greater appreciation of the works of natuie
and a healthier and happier kind of living. History and geography
which contain rich and varied thought material and which give Jv
broad outlook toward men and things receive much time and atten-
tion. And such studies as rc^ading, spelling, writing, language and
formal arithmetic which are the tools of an education are made to
contribute to the moral ends of life by eiiuipping children:, by cor-
rect methods and i>roper material and in a reasonable time, ^'with
those necessary instruments of knowledge without which they can-
not cai ry on the purpose of life." Through the introduction into the
primary school of many of the methods and much of the spirit of the
kindergarten teacher the school life of the smaller children has beiMi
made happier and more wholesome; and by broadening the scope of
the high school until instead of the single classical course preparing
for the classical college^ it now offers to the youth of a city a number
of courses including an English course, a coniinercial course, a scien-
tific course and a varielty of technicil courses and by the adoption
of such new methods as these courses demand the young men and
women are receiving not only a training in the elements of culture
No. 6. YORK. 261
bill a inx'paiatiou foi- a j^ood and usctul life and fui- the proper dis-
charj-e of those social duties that the\ owe to the community aud
the State. *
YORK— A. Wauuer.
A new sixteen room buildiuj; was completed and occupied in the
beginning of the school year. The additional facilities thus sup-
plied, gave ample room for the proper location of pupils. For the
first time in fifteen years rooms were not overcrowded aud teachers
had the proper opportunity to give individual instruction. Results
arising from this more favorable condition were very gratifying
and greatly surpassed expectations.
The noteworthy event of the year was the organization of night
schools. Instead of waiting for patrons to present the customary
petition, the board took the initiative. Three buildings, in different
sections of the city, were opened at a designated time for the regis-
tration of those over fourteen years of age engaged in some useful
employment who desired to attend night schools. The total regis-
tration was two hundred and sixty-seven.
As a result schools were organized to be held from seven to nine
during four evenings of each week, beginning with Monday night.
The purpose in holding only four sessions each week was to pro-
mote regularity in attendance.
A high school was organized for all those sufficiently prepared to
do advanced work. Both sexes were admitted to it. For the first
two months there were no other mixed schools, nor were the sexes
sent to the same buildings.
Schools were opened or closed to best meet varying conditions.
Fifteen pupils was the average number assigned to each in-
structor. When the enrollment was greatest fourteen teachers were
employed in twelve schools. They were wholly selected from the
corps of day school teachers.
The attendance was, in part, a disappointment. Two-thirds of
those enrolled in the beginning had dropped out before the close of
the third month. Those who subsequently enrolled attended some-
what better. Excuses were required and systematic inquiry made
to determine the causes of absence. In many instances they were
wholly insufficient. Pupils did not appreciate the educational value
of the opportunity and failed to exercise the proper degree of self
denial to insure regularity in attendance.
262 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
In some cases owing to night work in places of employment, pupils
were able to attend only some of the sessions. Omitting days ab-
sent for that reason, but including days absent for all other reasons,
the attendance was seventy-four per cent.
Probably if one takes into consideration the absence of change
in the kind of work required in the factory and the innate demand
of the growing mind for variety and entertainment the attendance
was all that could have been expected.
Tte progress of a class of pupils numerically representing less
than half of those enrolled was most gratifying and wholly satis-
factory. To this class belonged some adults who learned to read
and write with marked proficiency.
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 263
Reports of Principals
State Normal Schools,
FIRST DISTRICT— WEST CHESTER.
Geo. Moii'is Philips, Principal.
The past year has been one of nnnsiial success. The total enroll-
ment of students in the normal department has been 817, and in the
model school 207. These numbers Avould have been much increased
if we had been able to provide dormitory room for all who apply.
About 150 of our students were obli.ned to room and board in the
town last year.
Our new laundry and boiler plant building will be ready for use
at the beginning- of the fall term, an important improvement. It is
at a considerable distance from the school buildings, so as to leave
the main campus free for the erection of additional school buildings
proper, as they may be needed, and also to remove the smoke and
other objections from the main school plant. This building is most
complete and well equipped. No expense has been spared in its con-
struction. It is connected with the main school buildings and they
with each other by large tunnels, six by six feet, through which the
steam and other pipes and electric wires pass. These tunnels may
also be used as passage ways, especially in stormy weather. The
total cost of this improvement is about $100,000.
Our graduating class numbered 167. Their average age was 20.9
years, and their average attendance at the normal school 113 weeks,
or more than two and four-fifths years. Of these, 97 were high
school graduates, 46 from high schools with four years' courses, 38
from high schools with three years' courses, and 13 from high
schools with two years' courses, and 41 others had either graduated
at private schools or had taken partial courses at colleges or high
schools, leaving but 29 whose only previous training had been in
19
264 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
ungraded schools or graded schools below the high school. Twenty-
nine of the class were experienced teachers. All but six of the class
will teach dufing the coming year, and of these six five will enter
college. The demand for graduates of this school, as doubtless of
all the other normal schools in the State, is cantinually increasing,
and for several years we have not been able to entirely supply it.
The demand this year has been greater than ever before.
The Hon, Wayne MacVeagh delivered a notable address at our
commencement, which was of special interest to the community
because of Mr. McVeagh's long residence in and connection with
West Chester. The original plot of ground for the normal school
buildings was bought from Mr. McVeagh when the school was pro-
jected thirty-six years ago.
This commencement completed my twenty-fifth year as principal
and a period of more than thirty years as a member of the faculty of
this school. These years have been full of work and full of joy, and
I am exceedingly grateful to the Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion and his colleagues for all their aid, to a progressive board of
trustees, to an efficient and loyal faculty, and to an earnest and
enthusiastic body of alumni and students, who have had by far
the largest share in the success of the school.
SECOND DISTKICT— MILLERSVILLE.
Eliphalet Oram Lyte, Principal.
I have the honor to forward to the Department of Public Instruc-
tion the report of the First Pennsylvania State Normal School for
the fifty-second year of its existence as a normal school.
The total attendance for the fall term of 1905 was 701; the winter
term, 721; and the spring term, 969. The total number of graduates
receiving the first diploma in the regular course was 97; two were
graduated in the second year of the supplementary course, receiving
the degree of master of pedagogics; 7 were graduated in the first
year of the supplementary course, receiving the degree of bachelor
of pedagogics ; and one received the teacher's State certificate in the
regular course. All of the graduates attended this school for the
purpose of teaching in the public schools of the State, and all are
now employed as teachers. The school year was successful. The
attendance was large. In the spring term it was necessary for a
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 265
large number of ladles to board in boarding houses selected for the
purpose in the village.
The increase in the cost of provisions and in salaries made it
necessary for many of the normal schools to increase their rates for
tuition and boarding. In common with other schools in this part
of the State, Millersville increased its rates to |220 a year. It is
but just to say that the increase was not sufficient to cover the great
increase in the price of provisions and labor of all kinds.
The trustees of this institution, realizing the fact that our "plant"
needs a thorough remodelling in order to bring it up to the modem
ideas of school buildings, have had an architect prepare plans for
the reconstruction of the interior of the entire structure. These
plans include the installation of an electric light plant, a modern
heat plant, the refurnishing of the dormitories, etc., etc. A conser-
vative estimate of the cost for the necessary improvements that must
be made in a short time is considerably over |100,000. A commodious
front entrance is now being erected, and the contract has been given
out for the complete equipment of toilet accommodations. It is
hoped that the State will assist in making these necessary changes
with liberal appropriations.
I believe that the time has come for radical changes in the educa-
tional requirements of the normal schools. Pennsylvania is a great
State — the greatest in many respects in the Union — and her normal
school system should be the equal of the best of the normal school
systems in the United States. The time was when the normal
schools had to take the place of high schools for many sections of the
State, but this time has gone by. The State normal schools of
Pennsylvania should not receive any students in any department
(except its model school) that are not preparing to become teachers.
To receive students, as all schools now receive them, from every
source, and to try to conduct '^departments" of various kinds, bring
us into constant competition with academies, commercial schools and
public high schools. Our normal schools must always do so-called
academic work. Every normal school in the country does academic
work, but when we receive only such pupils as are preparing to
teach, the academic work that we do will be professional in its
character, and be of a different grade from the academic work done
in the best high schools. When this change is made, the normal
schools will be able to devote their energies to the preparation of
teachers, and will do still more than they are now doing to uplift
the teaching force of the State.
I will repeat another recommendation which I made a year ago,
to the effect that a limit should be placed upon the amount paid by
the State to the students of any one State normal school for free
tuition. This limit should be placed high enough so that the larger
266 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
schools could conduct their educational departments without em-
barrassment, but there should be a limit. Such a limit would tend
to build up the smaller schools, and make educationally strouger the
larger schools by bringing before the school authorities another and
better ideal for the measure of efficiency than mere numbers. The
State now pays the tuition of students preparing to teach at the
rate of |1.50 a week, or |60 a year of 40 weeks. This is not enough.
The amount shauld be raised to at least |1.75 a week or |70 for the
year, or, what would seem fairer, |2.00 a week, or |80 a year.
In conclusion, let me say that in spite of what seem to me to be
defects in our normal school system, the State normal schools of
Pennsylvania have been and are a most important factor in the eleva-
tion of the great public school system of the Commonwealth, and
it is gratifying to know that year by year their work is more highly
appreciated by all intelligent citizens.
THIRD DISTRICT— KUTZTOWN.
A. C. Rothermel, Principal.
The Keystone Normal School began the school j^ear of 1905-6 with
an incease of 10 per cent, in its attendance. This increase was
maintained throughout the entire school year. Before the school
year opened the school determined to exclude the undesirable ele-
ment that can be no credit to the school after the completion of
the course of Btudy. True, we have always had a large number of
splendid young men and women, but we have also for years, had a
small proportion of an undesirable class. We resolved to exclude
these from the scho'ol, and the result of this action was that the
intellectual and moral tone of the school was raised considerably.
It is my conviction that a normal school should admit only those
students who either have an aim when they enter, or can be inspired
with a desire to do something worth doing, and who in addition to
this, stand for Avhat is right and honorable. The success of the school
can never be judged by numbers only. It is my opinion that the tone
of the school is the chief factor in determining its Avorth and
success.
Toward the end of the school year we determined to eliminate
football from the number of athletic sports. This action grew out
of the fact that in a game played away from home one of our
boys was so seriously injured, that for 24 hours his life was despaired
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 267
of, aud also out of the fact that it is almost impossible to eliminate
all of the brutality aud rowdyism that usually accompany the
sport, t^everal persons who claimed to speak from definite knowl-
edge and with the voice of authority, warned us that this would
mean a decreased attendance. I am glad to say that the predictions
of these men have not come true, and, if the new year is any criterion
by which to judge, I may be safe in saying that, if there has been
any effect at all upon the number of students in attendance, it has
been to increase rather than to diminish the number.
During the year we put into operation the kindergarten depart-
ment planned four or Ave years ago. We were somewhat slow in
starting this department of our school, for the reason that we found
it difficult to get some one thoroughly competent to take charge of
the work. We acted on the suggestions of those who had tried the
experiment to select some one for the department, and urge her to
prepare herself for the work. The department is in charge of Miss
Carolyn V. Hoy, State College, Pa., and I am glad to say that she
has taken hold of this work with a hand of a master. The results
thus far have been very satisfactory.
FOURTH DISTRICT— EAST STUOUDSBURG.
E. L. Kemp, Principal.
This year has been in many respects a gratifying one It did not
begin auspiciously. The unpleasant results to us of the unwar-
ranted and malicious attacks made upon the school by one of the
large city papers and a loeal paper were very apparent at the
opening. We suffered the loss of some of our former students and
of a considerable number of prospective ones. Without stopping to
shed tears we went about the work appointed to us and made the
year a prosperous one.
In the internal development of the school we made two distinct
advances. In the first place, we extended our course in psychology
to cover one full year, and began the equipment of a psychologic
laboratory. The beginning is a humble one, but our apparatus
enables us to illustrate a number of subjects and train the students
to appreciate and do that sort of work. We can give them the
benefit of more than three hundred different experiments.
Our second improvement was the fitting up and equipping of a
manual training room for wood-work. One of the most successful
268 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
manual training teachers in New York City who has looked over
our plant informs us that our equipment is much more complete
than that at his command. The results have proved very satis-
factory. There is nothing in our course to which the students attend
with more enthusiasm, and the benefits they derive from the work
are apparent both to us and to them.
In spite of the loss in attendance and prestige, our enrollment has
been good. It steadily increased throughout the year and our finan-
cial showing is not poor.
FIFTH DISTRICT— MANSFIELD.
Andrew Thomas Smith, Principal.
In submitting to you this report for the school year ending June
22, 1906, I am pleased to note one more evidence of the substantial
growth of the normal school of the Fifth District.
The number of different students enrolled during the year is
exactly the same as was shown in the report of one year ago, 610
in the normal school and 195 in the model school. But the school
has been decidedly larger in each of the three terms than it was
in the corresponding terms of last year.
This permanency of attendance throughout the year, and conse-
quent reduction in the floating population of the school, makes
progress possible along several lines. It insures greater stability
in scholarship, the subjects being taken up in their rational order
and being pursued upon their proper bases. It brings into the lives
of more pupils all the things the school is endeavoring to do for the
student body throughout the entire year. It arouses more of the
spirit of abiding loyalty to the institution — an attitude based upon
an intelligent appreciation of men and measures.
Notwithstanding the charge still occasionally made that the nar-
mal schools are rushing people through their courses and graduating
them too young for service, we are able to show in the present
senior class the following record: The class is composed of 47
ladies and 23 gentlemen; 14 of them have taught school an aggre-
gate of 30 years; 8 of them entered the school with advanced stand-
ing, beginning above the junior class. Taking their last birthday
as the basis of reckoning, the ladies average at graduation 20 5-47
years of age, and the gentlemen average 20 10-23 years. The aver-
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 269
age number of weeks in attendance is 111 23-47 for the ladies, and
127 17-23 for the gentlemen.
In closing this report, I would respectfully submit to the Depart-
ment of Public Instruction the recommendation that the efforts of
the department be put forth toward securing such needed legislation
as shall place the power of the normal school boards of trustees in
the hands of the trustees representing the State, thus making the
normal schools of our Commonwealth an integral part of our great
school system and doing it in a manner that shall make it possible
for the State to control them.
Whether this shall be done by increasing the proportion of State
trustees upon the several boards, or by having the State take over
the stock now held by individuals — thus removing the necessity for
stockholders, and lifting the schools from their present position of
quasi-private institutions — should, of course, be left to the judgment
of those who are asked to act in the premises for the betterment of
the normal school system of the State.
SIXTH DISTRICT— BLOOMSBURG.
J. P. Welsh, Principal.
We have catalogued during the past year 758 different students.
From this number 485 are ladies, and 273 are gentlemen. I regret
very much that as the years go by, we have fewer men taking the
course for teachers. During the past year I have not been able to
find enough men for principalships and other positions that pay well
to supply the demand. The demand for men at good salaries in the
teaching profession is on the increase. Something should be done
to interest the young men of the Commonwealth in the profession of
teaching. If, as some prophesy, the day is at hand when practi-
cally all the teaching in our public schools will be done by women,
the fact is to be regretted. Without in any way disparaging the
excellence of women as teachers, all who have studied the question
must admit that children need in their education and during their
physical and mental development, to come in contact witb the
masculine mind. This subject is well worthy of serious considera-
tion.
At teachers' institutes and other educational meetings throughout
the Commonwealth, this subject should be brought to the attention
of the people. It is to be hoped that the "male teacher," to use the
270 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
old fashioned teim, will again become prominent and numerous in
the ranks of public school teachers.
The work in the various dei>artments of the school during the past
year has been excellent, in spite of the fact that the attendance was
too large for the accommodations. The new science building, now
being erected, will relieve the congested condition of the school
during the ensuing year.
This building (which is being built of brick, trimmed with terra
cotta) provides for the science subjects in the main. One laboratory
(in size 37 feet by 44 feet) on the first floor, will be devoted to
zoology and physiology; another (the same size) to botany and geo-
logy; and still another on the same floor for the medical preparatory
students (27 feet by 35 feet). For the use of all these laboratories
there is provided a large sui>ply room, in which there will be kept
specimens and materials for use in the laboratories.
Adjacent to this floor will be a lecture room to accommodate 250
students. It is so arranged that it can be darkened, and thus made
suitable for the use of the stereopticon.
On second floor are two large laboratories the same size as those
below-^one for the work of physics, the other for chemistry, and a
large room (27 feet by 44 feet) in which to place a very excellent
collection of products gathered from all parts of the world useful
in teaching commercial geography. The geography class-room, just
across the hall from this room, is a light and beautiful room, in
size 27 feet by 44 feet.
On this floor also is provided a lecture room, the same size as the
one on floor below, and with the same equipment.
That part of the top story which is above the lecture rooms will
be finished for the art department, and will he admirably suited to
the work. That part which is over the main portion of the building
will be finished for the use of the two literary societies of the school,
giving each society a large and beautiful room.
The school has adopted the recommendation of the board of prin-
cipals that an increase be made in the charge for boarding students.
Accordingly, an increase of 50 cents per week was made. At the
time of writing this report, almost every room in the school has
been engaged for the ensuing year, and the prospects are that the
attendance will be larger than ever before, showing that the increase
is clearly understood by the patrons of the school, to be a necessity.
Near the close of this school year, as is true nearly every year, a
large number of high school graduates presented themselves for
examination for admission to the middle and senior classes. About
50 per cent, of those presented passed successful examinations.
Those who failed showed weakness in the common branches, and
this experience is common in this and other normal schools. It
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 271
seems important that some an-aiigcniiciit should be made that would
enable students either to be examined at the time when they have
finished their subjects in the high school, or else their examinations
under the high schools should be endorsed (within certain limits)
for admission to the normal school. It is not within reason to expect
high school graduates at the end of a three or four years' course to
pass successfully, examinations in subjects which they had in the
first or second year of that course.
I know all the difficulties that arise and all the objections that
can be made to admission to normal schools on high school certifi-
cate, but I believe that most of them are imaginary and the others
can be overcome. Students who are admitted on high school cer-
tificate need not be graduated, or need not be allowed to pursue
any year's work, longer than they show ability to carry the work.
Many colleges admit to their freshman class on certificate, and some
admit to advanced standing on certificate. All of them, however,
throw out students who are not able to maintain good standing in
the class to which they are admitted. Normal schools could do the
same. High schools should be classified. The b^st of those whose
courses are good and whose training fs also good, should be allowed
to place their graduates in the middle class of the normal school
course without examination. If they show insufficient training at
the end of the first term to carry the work of the middle year, they
should be set back in the junior class, the same as is done in the
colleges.
This year closes my connection with the normal schools of Penn-
sylvania. I have been in the service twenty-four years. I cherish
the warmest regard for the normal school work and all who are
engaged in it, and this is true not only of the normal school work
but of the entire public school work of the Commonwealth. I shall
never lose my interest in it, and shall always stand ready to do what
I can to improve it.
As I look back over this period — almost a quarter of a century —
I see that progress has been made in all lines of the work. There
are those who claim that the public schools are no better than they
were twenty-five years ago. They are surely mistaken. Those
who claim that the men and women who are laboring in this great
field are not consecrated to their work, are also mistaken. All wish
that greater progress might have been made, and can see many
obstacles to progress which might have been removed, and many
mistakes which might have been avoided; but this is inevitable in
the develoimient of a system of education in any great Common-
wealth.
I have been considerably interested in comparing notes with one
of the school superintendents in one of the Philippine Islands where
272 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
the work has been in progress only six years. The work there began
free from an inheritance of bad methods, preconceived whims, and
patrons and directors who were unable to appreciate the highest and
best, and as a result it seems as if they had accomplished in tiv;e
or six years what it has taken Pennsylvania a quarter of a century to
accomi
SEVENTH DISTRICT— SHIPPENSBURG.
G. M. D. Eckels, Princii
The school year ending June, 1906, was in its essential features
a most satisfactory one. The number of students in attendance was
the largest in the history of the Cumberland Valley State Normal
School. Forty-four graduates received their second diplomas, eighty
seniors received normal certificates, ninety-six middlers passed the
middle year examination, and one hundred and fifty-two juniors
passed the junior examination. All the students recommended by
the faculty were passed by the State Board.
Three members of the faculty resigned their positions at the close
of the year. Dr. Jos. F. Barton, who had charge of the science de-
partment for a period of seventeen years has accepted a similar
position in Hamline University, Minneapolis; Prof. C. H. Gordinier,
who had charge of the Latin and Greek department during the last
two years, become the Dean of Kee Mar College, Hagerstown, Md.;
Miss May Cook, who conducted the department of vocal music for
the past two j^ears, resigned her position because of ill health. The
vacancies caused by these resignations have been filled by the elec-
tion of Prof. J. Frank Newman to the science department, Prof.
John K. Stewart to the Latin and Greek department, and Miss L.
Ethel Gray to the department of vocal music.
Since my last report two of our State trustees have died: Hon.
H. C. Greenawalt, of Fayetteville, Pa., died April 22, 1906, and Mr.
John M. Hamilton, of Shippensburg, Pa., died August 17, 1906. Mr»
Greenawalt was a member of the board for more than a quarter of
a century and during this time he was faithful and efficient in the
discharge of the duties belonging to his position. Mr. Hamilton
was a member of the board for more than ten years, and during this
time was very much interested in all matters pertaining to the suc-
cess of the school.
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 273
The new laundry mentioned in last year's report, has been delayed
in its construction owing to a number of circumstances, the chief one
being its location. In order to locate the building to the best ad-
vantage it was necessary for the school to have in its possession
land which it did not own when the building was first contemplated.
This difficulty has been removed and in a short time the new laundry
will be completed.
The school is very much in need of a new model school building.
The Cumberland Valley State Normal School has always laid great
stress on the work in the model department, and we believe much
of the success of our graduates in teaching is due to the fact that
our students teach throughout their entire senior year in the model
school under the supervision and direction of expert teachers. Our
graduates, when they have finished their normal course, have had
the kind of experience which guarantees them against failure so./ar
as any sort of experience can do this. We look forward with great
pleasure to the near future when we hope to have a model school
building.
The demand for normal graduates as teachers is becoming greater
with each succeeding year. This year the demand was far beyond
the supply. Normal school graduates, even those who had never
had any experience in public school work, had little or no difficulty
in securing positions to teach. The demand for teachers in the
advanced grades of the public schools was this year beyond all
precedent. The growing demand for this grade of teachers shows
clearly the wisdom of young men and women in preparing them-
selves thoroughly for advanced work. Good teachers can secure
good positions at good salaries and normal school graduates take
the lead for this class of positions.
The greatest need to-day in our public schools is more profes-
sionally trained teachers. The State has established normal schools
for the purpose of meeting this great need. This want could be
much more rapidly filled if directors would make the wages of the
teacher to correspond more nearly with his experience and prepara-
tion. The schools can never be what they should be until all the
teachers are professionally as well as academically prepared for
their work.
The new grand stand erected on the athletic field was opened to
the public early in May, and most of the spring term games were
played on the new field. The new grounds are as nearly perfect for
athletic purposes as it is possible to have them.
18—6—1906
274 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
EIGHTH DISTRICT -LOCK HAVEN.
J. 1\. Flickinger, rrincipal.
I bave the honor to state that th(3 Central State Normal School,
Eighth district, had a very successful year. The attendance was
larger than heretofore and the work done, both by teacher and pupil,
more thorough and more satisfactory. Tlie consolidation of the li-
braries of the school was a much needed improvemenit. The books
have now been catalogued and have been placed in charge of a
competent librarian. The biological department has been placed
in a large, well lighted, commodious and well equipped room. The
classes have become too large for the old quarters.
We have been able thus far to require a full year's teaching in
the model school of all seniors and the improvement is marked. For
a number of years past, this school has pursued the policy of re-
quiring actual teaching in all the grades with a result that we have
each year a wider demand for our teachers until as a matter of fact
we are in a position to say that we can provide, if present conditions
continue, all our worthy graduates with schools. Being located in
the central part of the State, the school has a great opportunity for
advancing public education in a diversified section. It has, therefore,
endeavored to keep in touch with the demands of the public schools
in this section and has invited and offered -co-operation, with the
county superintendents. Every section of the State has its own
problems and we believe it to be the duty of the Normial school to
adjust its work so that it will be in haimony with the best prevailing
educational sentiment. We are plej^sed to state that the county
superintendents have generously given us advice and help and that
we have been benefitted thereby.
In conclusion we beg to state that while our growth is gradual it
is extremely encouraging and we believe that the day is not far dis-
tant when the patronage will exceed the accommodations. This is
already true during the spring term and approximately true even
during the fall and winter.
We desire to thank the school deijartment, the county and city
superintendents and the newspapers for co-operation and support.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 275
NINTH DISTEICT— INDIANA.
). J. Walkn-, Jr., riincipal.
The atteiidancc, health and npii-it of tlie students tliroii<^liont tlu>
year were highly satisfactory. On the afternoon of December Isl,
the boys' dormitory, Silas M. Clark Hall, burned down. The tire
originated in the cellar at one of the heaters consuming natural gas.
The public water supply failed to rise above the window sills of tlie
first floor before the fire was beyond control. Many of the occupants
lost the entire contents of their rooms. The insurance upon the
building did not cover the loss, but the trustees promptly decided
to rebuild upon the same site. The new edifice is nearly completed.
While the dimensions are almost the same as before, Silas M. Clark
Hall is now most attractive and substantial, built of brick, roofed
with tile, having a consistent color scheme throughout, adorned with
porches designed with excellent architectural effect. The highest
point upon the campus is now crowned with a building befitting the
place, and more nearh' worthy of the great man with whose name
it is honored.
In the death of Hon. A. W. Kimmell, the school lost one of the
early trustees, who throughout liis long tenure of office, discharged
the arduous duties that devolved upon him with fidelity and ability.
He had a lively interest in the body of .students, as well as in the
property, and his addresses to them from the chapel platform were
always happy and helpful.
The department of music ssas put upon a broader basis by the
election of Prof. H. E. Cogswell, Chairman of the Department of
Music of the National Educational Association, with a view to the
establishment of a musical conservatory for Western Pennsylvania,
and the training of supervisors of music for the public schools.
The second and third stories of Thomas Sutton Hall, set aside
for this purpose, are most suitable, attractive and commodious.
Notwithstanding the great losses suffered, the school is better
equipped than ever before, and the year closed upon a prosperous,
united, enthusiastic institution.
271 1 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off, Doc.
TENTH DISTRICT— CALIFORNIA.
Theo. B. Noss, Principal,
The Southwestern State Normal School has made substantial pro-
gress during the past year. Our efforts have been directed chiefly
towards making the school more distinctively professional both in
aims and methods of work. We have had more students who were
entitled to State aid as prospective teachers than we have ever
had before, and a smaller number of other students than in recent
former years.
It is to be earnestly hoped that ere long this school as well as
the other State normal schools can be adequately supported by the
State so as to be better able to develop its professional work, that
is, the special work of preparing as teachers those who have obtained
a good general education, such as is given in high schools and
academies, before they enter the normal school.
Owing to a lack of high schools, in the past, except in the larger
towns and cities, the normal schools have been compelled to do the
work of both high school and normal school. Has not the time now
come when the normal schools should be relieved of this high school,
or merely academic work, and be permitted to devote all their ener-
gies to the specific work of preparing teachers? Such a change
would be more economical for the State, since it is cheaper to
educate pupils in high schools than in normal schools. It would
benefit the high schools, since it would retain in them for the entire
course a desirable class of pupils that now take but part of the
course before entering the normal, and would bring to the high
school many pupils that at present do not enter it at all. The
individual student would gain by such policy. His tuition in the
high school is free and the time required for him as a boarding
student in the normal school would be reduced from a third to a
half. But the greatest gain of all would be in the normal school
itself. If no students were admitted by the normal school except
those who are adequately prepared to enter and who are preparing
to teach, conditions would be changed for the better at once.
In view of recent and important legislation concerning high
schools (which it is to be hoped will be followed by other legisla-
tion of a like nature) why should there be found hereafter in our
normal schools any pupils except the children in the model school
and the adult students in the training classes? The presence of
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 277
other (lassos of students dissipates instead of concentrating the
energies of the normal school and lowers its professional aim and
character.
Of course, the change from old conditions to new should not be
made abruptly, but it should be made as speedily as possible.
I am glad to be able to report that a large new building that
has been long and greatly needed is now being erected. It is to be
used chiefly as a dining hall and ladi(^s' dormitory. The general
dimensions of the building are about 80 feet by 130 feet, for the
first and second stories. The dining hall will accommodate about
500 persons, and the dormitory about 100. The building will include
a large and well-arranged kitchen on the same floor as the dining
room; it will include also several recitation rooms in the basement
story. The cost of the building, which will be of brick and stone,
will approximate sixty thousand dollars, including furniture. Even
with this new building, it is expected that before the close of the
present school year we will not be able to provide rooms for all of
our boarding students.
Some changes have recently been made in the faculty, owing to
the resignations of teachers, all of whom we regret to lose; but the
work of these teachers will be carried on by teaclieis of equal
ability.
The trustees have very kindly granted me a leave of absence for
one year, in order that I ma3' spend thjc year with my family in
Europe. The greater part of my time in England and on the con-
tinent will be devoted to the observation of schools and the study
of school problems. In my absence the trustees have had the good
fortune to engage, as acting principal. Dr. Charles A. ^fi ^M-Hrv. the
well known teacher and writer.
ELEVENTH DISTRICT— SLIPPERY ROCK.
Albert E. Maltby, Principal.
The prosperity and growth of this State normal school has con-
tinued. During the past year the attendance was the largest in the
history of the school, and was more nearly uniform throughout the
year than ever before. The present school year o]>ens with still
greater numbers and moi'e brilliant prospects.
Considerable attention was given during the early part of the
year to improvements in the rooms on the third floor of the boys'
278 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
dormitory in preparation for tlie increased attendance of the sprinji
term. In the ladies' dormitory many repairs were made, and a
hirge number of rooms newly papered and furnished. Work on the
new music hall and gymnasium has progressed with good results,
although delays incident to the injury and practical destruction of
two car-loads of the cut stone required in the building have seriously
interfered with our plans for an early entrance upon the use of the
building in the economy of the school.
There have been few changes in the personnel of the faculty
during the past year. At the beginning of the year Prof. W. E.
Wenner, of Wooster University, was elected professor of English
literature. His work during the year was of high order, and main-
tained the standard of scholarship for which that department has
been justly noted. Miss Lucy A. Bell, a most etficient teacher, who
has been in charge of the department of music in this institution
during the past six years, resigned to accept a position in the
eastern part of the State. The department has since been placed
in charge of M. Edith Lacy, a music student from Leipsic, Germany,
a young lady with extended experience in the work. She has en-
tered upon her work with enthusiasm and success.
During the past years the demand for new buildings has been
urgent and has detracted in some measure from the internal devel-
opment and efficiency. An increase in the library and greater
facilities in the line of educational apparatus are among the improve-
ments urgently demanded by the best interests of the school. Some
upward tendency is shown each year, perhaps, in each of these
points, but the amount of expenditure is in no sense equal to their
relative importance to the school's welfare. We hope to secure much
greater attention to these matters in the future.
It has ever been the object of the authorities of this school to
keep up a'^high standard of efficiency in all the departments of
work, and to labor toward the advancement of education by striving
to the best of their ability to make skilled teachers of the students.
Various lines of work have opened up at different times, and have
contributed not a little toward the enhancement of methods. The
people have come to look to the schools for the correction of many
of the evils of our national life. Hence has arisen the desire that
the principles of domestic science be taught in the schools. It has
been said that a well-to-do French family would live on what an
American household in the same condition in life wastes; and this
is probably no great exaggeration. The greatest source of waste
in our families lies in the blunders of the inexperienced. Every
young housekeeper must begin at the very beginning of the exper-
iences of the race and blunder into a practical knowledge of the
duties and methods of the household, wasting time, temper, and
No. C. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 279
money in mistakes. Some simple instruction in the principles oT
scientific cookinj; would serve as a <;ni(le and prevent many of these
errors in judgment.
Nor need such instruction be j;iven in a mere empirical way, by
any means. Diicct scientific instruction in rej;ard to the food-prin-
ciples to be found in the simple food-products would place the
j)reparation of such materials for man's use on a basis which is much
needed to-day. Home economics, in that broader sens<*, would be-
conu' a science in which the practical a])plication of the jtrinciples of
jdiysics and chemistry would find most beautiful illustration. Econ-
omy in housekeeping means wealth in the household.
The proverbial hospitality and good cheer of the homes in oui-
Oomiuonwealth are not without historic origin. The followers of
the founder landed in no season of severity with breaking, dashing
waves on a rocky coast; but sailed smoothly up the quiet waters, on
a mild midsummer day, between grassy banks and flowery meadows.
And good cheer has distinguished the Pennsylvania home CTer since.
In distant Oregon a railroad projector detected the Pennsylvania
housewife by her supper of chicken and waflHes. And pies! Of all
]>ie'S that are pies none approach the perfection of those toothsome
morsels produced in a State where the art of pie-baking has reached
a stage where improvement seems scarcely possible. And then the
glori( s of the Moravian sugar-cakes transcend description and must
be left to the imagination.
But one may say that the teaching of the facts concerning proteids,
carboyhydrates, hydro-carbons, and mineral salts can have no effect
upon the young people in bringing them up to perform similar
magical transformations with the crude materials placed in their
hands. Not so, go to! It was my good fortune this past summer to
have my eyes gastronomically opened while I took time to ''stop,
look, and listen," to the genuinely scientific instruction in cookery
given by a teacher in domestic science from the public schools of
Asbury Park, New Jersey. Carbohydrates, proteids, fats, and salts!
Yes, but mixed with such skill in manipulation and delicacy of
touch, that out of clarifying fats in which various foods were cook-
ing in deep fat came the most delightful combinations of dough-
nuts, rice croquettes, fritters, Scandinavian rosettes, bow-knots, and
potato chips. And air was used as leaven in certain delicious phases
of cherry-pie and custard. Perhaps the uninitiated masculine mind
may have been a little mixed amid the various leavens, drop-batters,
stiff doughs, sugar cookies, soft doughs, and gingerbread; but out
of it all arises the idea that some really good lessons in scientific
cookery might well be substituted for the chemistry at present set
forth in the curriculum. At least the option might be allowed to
the young ladies in the normal schools.
'2:)
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
TWELFTH DISTRICT— EDINBORO.
John F. Bigler, Principal.
The year 1905-1906 has been one of the most successful years in
the history of the Ediuboro State Normal School. The attendance
was the largest in its history, numbering in all departments 729
different students during the year. Seventy-two teachers were grad-
uated from the school, eighty-four middle year students and one hun-
dred and thirty-nine juniors were examined and passed by the State
Board.
The continuous growth of the school for the past seven years has
made it necessary for the trustees to make many improvements and
to enlarge the facilities in many directions. The campus has been
increased in acreage from time to time until it now contains about
thirty acres. Two dwelling houses were purchased by the trustees
as additional buildings for the accommodation of the professors of
the school. A new water-tower and tank for fire protection and
water supply for general use is the latest improvement, and by the
way, a very much needed one. The new gymnasium, erected at a
cost of nearly |20,000, is one of the greatest improvements added
the past year. We have in this one of the most complete and com-
modious buildings in all its appointments in the State. It contains
a fine floor for gymnastic work; a running track; shower, needle and
tub bath rooms; locker rooms, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. rooms,
a large reception room, and the physical director's quarters. We
are justly proud of this invaluable acquisition to our equipment.
We succeeded in adding upwards of 475 volumes to our already
fine library. Our library is well catalogued and is used daily by
nearly every one of the students. We purpose adding 600 volumes
the coming year.
The training department did very good work. The trustees elected
Prof. O. 0. Coon as principal and Mrs. Adalene Q. Hood as assistant.
During the year Mrs. Hood resigned her position as assistant prin-
cipal, and Miss Kaira M. Sturgeon, of Erie Central High School,
was chosen to fill the vacancy. Our model school numbered 100
pupils. It was well classified and excellent work was a result of the
year's labor.
We had a strong faculty composed of well trained, conscientious,
hard working men and women, numbering in all twenty-three. We
doubt if there was a stronger faculty in any State normal school in
Pennsylvania, but we are confronted with a difficult problem as to
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 281
the retention of our faculty, and that difficulty is a matter of salary.
From year to year we have been obliged to make a chanj?e of from
four to six teachers and the reason is almost invariably the salary
question. We sincerely hope that the time will soon come when
Pennsylvania State normal schools can pay their teachers sufficient
salary to retain them.
The student body was composed of strong, healthy, intelligent, and
ambitious young men and women. We doubt if a better class of
students can be found anywhere. The moral tone of the students
was good, and yet we think that there is room for improvement along
this line. The question of morals is a very serious one indeed, and
while these young men and women come from good homes generally,
and while they have good examples set them usually while at school
by the teachers, yet we find that there is apparently an inherent
tendency and inclination in many to do the wrong thing. The agen-
cies for directing and keeping young men and women in the proper
moral atmosphere here are ver}^ good. Our chapel service every
morning, church influence, including the students' prayer meeting,
the Y. M. C. A, and Y. W. C. A. as well, the constant admonition
of the teachers, and our strict discipline are powerful aids toward
keeping yonng men and women in the "straight and narrow way."
Edinboro Normal will not grow lax in her obligation to the morality
of the young men and women that attend school here.
The athletics of any growing school is no small concern of the
management of the same. We had in the school a strong Athletic
Association and the interest continues to grow. Last year our
teams played ball of various kinds with teams outside of school,
some of which were school teams, including colleges, and other were
semi-professional. We got on with this work fairly well, but there
was a little difficulty here and there with the semi-professionals or
those that were not school teams. It is our purpose to play, if we
play at all, clean games with teams outside of our own school, and
there is a growing sentiment with us now that we will not schedule
games with any other than school teams, and that of our own class.
Games played by the teams within the school are the most satis-
factory and the most enjoyable. Under these circumstances a proper
school spirit is maintained and the playing is done for the love of
the game. When our teams go to other places and other teams play
here, almost invariably one team or the other, and sometimes both
teams, are bound to win at any cost. Under these circumstances
trouble is the result. We have excellent athletes and well traineil
young men and women in the athletic sports, and we purpose ruling
out everything that would retard or hinder us in the development of
clean athletics in our school.
We find that the literary societies are valuable aids in the Intel-
282 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
leetual development of our students. Our literarj^ societies were
never in better working condition tluin they are at the i>resent time.
\\'e have four strong literary societies, and the membership in
each one is limited to fifty. The societies meet each week at G
o'clock on Monday evening. There is a friendly rivalry among all
the societies, but this seems to give each society the proper impetus
to spur them on to good work. The" work consists of music, oration,
essay, recitation, declamation, debate, impromptu and parliamentary
drill. At commencement time at the end of the scholastic year, the
societies contest with one another for the championship as to debate,
declamation, essay, oration, and recitation. These contests have
grown to be great events in the school. They are much enjoyed by
the audiences and are very helpful and inspiring to the contestants.
We feel justly proud of our strong literary societies in this institH-
tion.
Our trustees are very much interested in the success of our normal
school and are in every way trying to promote its best interests.
They deem it absolutely necessary that a dormitory for the young
men be erected in the near future, as the old dormitory is not fit
for use and has been abandoned. They expect to ask the next Legis-
lature for a special appropriation for the purpose of erecting a
dormitory for the young men, as well as a science building. It is
sincerely hoped that we shall fare better at the hands of the next
Legsilature than we did by the last.
We were very much pleased and satisfied with the work of the last
Board of State Examiners. The examination was begun on Saturday
and was finished on Tuesday afternoon. The last board was not in
so much of a hurry as is usual for these examiners, and on the whole
the students and faculty were well pleased with the results. We
believe that the character of the examinations of the State Board
has very materially changed in the past ten years. The recent
boards seem to examine to find out what the students know, not
what they don't know. We find them all to be men of large ex-
perience and very fair and reasonable in all their examinations.
We are very much in favor of the present system of examining the
students in the State normal schools of Pennsylvania.
In conclusion we wish to extend our thanks to the Department of
Public Instruction as Avell as to the press of the Twelfth District,
the County Superintendents, and all others who have in any way
contributed to tlie success of the institution for their many kind-
nesses during the past year.
No. 6. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 283
THIKTEENTII DISTRICT— CLAKION.
J. George Betht, Piiiieipal.
The past year at the Chorion State Normal School was significant
in many ways. In point of attendance, character of work done by
students and teachers, fine enthusiasm on the part of all conuect<'d
with the institution, the year was singularly characteristic. The
class room work was of a very high order, every department being
well maintained. Thorough mastery of the subject matter of
branches taught, inculcation of right habits of study, stimulation
in the direction of greater professional zeal — all these are unmis-
takable evidences of progress. In addition to this, the other activi-
ties of the school were well organized. The Christian Associations
exerted a splendid influence upon the school life. These were
conducted by the young men and women in such a waj- as to attract
unusual attention to them. The literary societies had exceptionally
good meetings. The programs were arranged with a view to pleas-
ure and profit. Many students owe their success in life to the train-
ing received in these societies and for this reason every effort was
put forth to maintain a high standard for them. The work in the
music department was highly satisfactory. A fine enthusiasm, which
is very gratifying, prevails among the students in this department.
A glee club was organized and won unique distinction as a musical
organization. In addition to this the girls' chorus rendered most
effective and pleasing numbers on various social and literary occa-
sions.
Professional faculty meetings were organized in which matters
of general and particular professional interest were discussed. Mem-
bers of the senior class attended and took part in certain of these
meetings. The following schedule was arranged for the spring term:
"What are the immediate needs of the Clarion State Normal School?"
The principal, Prof. Shoemaker, and Prof. Wilkinson. "The Place
of the Practice School in the Training of Teachers," Miss Liggett,
Prof. Welch. "The Recitation — Purpose? How shall it be con-
ducted? What to do with the dull pupils in recitation? How much
tiem shall be devoted to review of preceding lesson? Method of
Questioning." Dr. Ballentine, Miss Givan, Miss Ross. "Can Nor-
mal School Students derive more benefit for their teaching from
the study of methods in a general methods class than from a study
of special methods taught in connection with the subject matter of
a particular branch?" Prof. McNeal. Prof. Griffith.
All in all the year's work was thoroughly enjoyed by all who
were connected with the school.
(284)
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STATISTICS— ADAMS COUNTY.
289
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STATISTICS— ALLEGHENY COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— ARMSTRONG COUNTY
299
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STATISTICS— ARMSTRONG COUNTY.
301
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STATISTICS— BEAVER COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— BEAVER COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— BEDFORD COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— BEDFORD COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— BERKS COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— BERKS COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— BLAIR COUNTY
:g6
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STATISTICS— BRADFORD COUNTY.
317
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STATISTICS— BRADFORD COUNTY.
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No. 6.
STATISTICS— BUCKS COUNTY.
321
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21—6—1906
322
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STATISTICS— BUTLER COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— BUTLER COUNTY.
327
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STATISTICS— CAMBRIA COUNTY.
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No. 6.
STATISTICS— CAMBRIA COUNTY.
331
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No. 6
STATISTICS— CAMERON COUNTY.
333
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No. 6.
STATISTICS— CARBON COUNT\.
33£
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STATISTICS-CENTRE COUNTY.
337
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STATISTICS— CENTRE COUNTY.
3^9
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No.
STATISTICS— CHESTER COUNTY.
341
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343
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834 60
152 18
371 97
089 37
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686 97
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614 81
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512 48
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STATISTICS— CLARION COUNTY.
346
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STATISTICS-CLARION COUNTY.
347
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STATISTICS— CLEARFIELD COUNTY.
349
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STATISTICS— CLEARFIELD COUNTY,
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STATISTICS— CLINTON COUNTY.
353
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STATISTICS— COLUMBIA COUNTY.
355
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STATISTICS— COLUMBIA COUNTY.
357
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STATISTICS— CRAWFORD COUNTY.
359
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STATISTICS— CRAWFORD COUNTY.
361
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STATISTICS— CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— DAUPHIN COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— DELAWARE COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— ELK COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— ERIE COUNTY.
377
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STATISTICS— ERIE COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— FAYETTE COUNTY.
381
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STATISTICS— FAYETTE COUNTY.
383
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No. 6.
STATISTICS— FOREST COUNTY.
385
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386
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STATISTICS— FRANKLIN COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— FULTON COUNTY.
389
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STATISTICS— GREENE COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— HUNTINGDON COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— INDIANA COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— JEFFERSON COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— JUNIATA COUNTY,
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STATISTICS— LANCASTER COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— LAWRENCE COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— LEBANON COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— LEHIGH COUNTY.
419
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STATISTICS— LYCOMING COUNTY.
425
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STATISTICS— LYCOMING COUNTY.
427
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STATISTICS— McKEAN COUNTY.
429
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STATISTICS— MERCER COUNTY.
431
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STATISTICS— MERCER COUNTY.
433
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28—6—1906
434
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STATISTICS— MIFFLIN COUNTY.
435
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PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
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No. 6.
STATISTICS— MONROE COUNTY.
437
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STATISTICS— MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
439
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STATISTICS— MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
441
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STATISTICS— MONTOUR COUNTY.
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•TATIiTICS— NORTHAMPTON COUNTY.
446
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STATISTICS— NORTHAMPTON COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY
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STATISTICS— PIKE COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— POTTER COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— SCHUYLKILL COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— SNYDER COUNTY.
463
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STATISTICS— SOMERSET COUNTY.
465
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STATISTICS— SULLIVAN COUNTY.
469
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STATISTICS— SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY
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STATISTICS— TIOGA COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— TIOGA COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— UNION COUNTY.
479
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STATISTICS— VENANGO COUNTY.
481
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STATISTICS— VENANGO COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— WARREN COUNTY.
486
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No. 6.
STATISTICS— WASHINGTON COUNTY.
487
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STATISTICS— WAYNE COUNTY,
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STATISTICS— WESTMORELAND COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— WESTMORELAND COUNTY.
495
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No. 6.
STATISTICS— WYOMING COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— WYOMING COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— YORK COUNTY.
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STATISTICS— COUNTIES.
505
209 91
778 44
638 08
159 01
951 56
660 29
496 86
686 17
568 51
822 30
954 02
336 46
035 40
358 34
852 74
93; t4
462 84
749 30
029 88
609 94
294 46
656 61
199 73
921 79
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004 90
005 35
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259 73
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No. 6.
STATISTICS— COUNTIES.
507
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508 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
STATEMENT OF THE SCHOOL. SYSTEM SINCE ITS ESTABLISH
m
'u
A
.2
g
■g
^
u
%
%
E
c
c
<0
a)
o
^
%
I -!
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sa
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d
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s
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ft
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$
<!
<
1854
1,525
10.186
5 m.
2 da
. 11,967
?29 31
$12 81
488,692
38
$0 41
1855
1,445
10,469
5 m.
12,143
23 291/2
14 89%
529,009
'seilsife
49
45
1856
1,610
10, 697
5 m.
1
12,357
22 29
15 85%
523,754
365,103
48
48
1S57
1,677
10,956
5 m.
1
12,484
24 00
16 60
514,247
381,321
491/8
49
1858
1,709
11,281
5 m.
8
12.828
24 25
17 22
569,880
387,139
50%
46%
1859
1,755
11,485
5 m.
10
13,058
24 26
17 79
575,251
375,687
50 12
48
1860
1,766
11.577
5 m.
101/2
13,003
24 20
IS 11
585,6(;0
366,9.1
50'/s
51
1S61
1,788
11,9101/.
5 m.
12
14.297
25 68
19 71
596,765
384,752
501/2
83
1862
1,808
11,990
5 m.
10
14,380
23 81
18 55
615,087
388,063
501/2
49
1863
1, 820
12,161
5 m.
9
14,442
23 84
18 56
634, 699
397.722
52
50
1864
1,825
12,566
5 m.
12
14,668
25 42
20 16
637,785
399,522
50%
58
1865
1,837
12,547
5 m.
14
14, 286
31 82
24 21
629,587
306,701
50
68
1866
1,863
12,7731/2
5 m.
19V2
15,504
37 38
27 76
666 3'6
438.323
50
90
1867
13,061
5 m.
10%
15,2(9
35 87
27 51
660, 165
414,527
501/2
85
1868
'.'.'.'.'■'. l!918
13,284%
5 m.
191/2
15,504
37 38
27 76
666,316
438,323
50
90
1869
1,971
13,5881/2
5 m.
201/2
15,670
38 18
29 80
686,769
477,775
50%
93
1870
2,001
13,833
5 m.
21
16,097
39 63
30 55
695,052
484,912
501/2
99
1871
2,023
14,1611/2
5 m.
2m
16,842
40 03
31 12
700, 04O
495,633
49%
98
1872
2,029
14,4151/2
6 m.
22
16,784
40 55
31 98
609,802
464,127
48%
99
1873
2,050
14,675y2
6 m.
6%
17,459
41 58
32 44
694,096
439,393
47%
95
1874
2,070
14,97Sy2
6 m.
81/8
17,664
41 88
33 33
716,728
468.309
47%
93
1875
2,089
15,3151/2
6.19
18,101
40 03
31 03
740, 2S3
472,283
48%
92
1876
2,103
15,610
6.19
18.314
38 72
30 42
749,311
495,743
47%
91
1877
2,144
15,850%
IS.7IOV2
36 34
28 90
751,032
491,038
47%
88
1878
2,186
.16,0871/2
€'.17
18,9121/2
34 54
27 35
771,015
515,198
48
82
1879
2,168
16.279
6.37
19,1.53
32 .59
26 07
766,878
595,018
47
89
1880
2,192
16,585
6.25
19,305
31 36
25 14
770,349
509,246
47
74
1881
2.208
16,760y2
6.28
19,277
22 64
26 04
762,472
504,912
45
75
1882
2,214
17,070
6.62
19,715
34 35
27 19
776,559
519,423
45
n
1883
2,230
17,403
6.66
19,875
36 23
28 30
782,407
.532,-874
45
81
1884
2,240
17, "751
6.40
20.290
37 28
29 22
795,091
549.3114
45
87
1885
2,257
18,029
6.74
20,039
37 06
25 59
807,791
559,606
.15
S9
1886
2,265
18,300
6.71
21,481
37 10
29 29
82.1,811
570,29.3
44
92
1887
2,280
18,721
6.71
21.481
37 10
29 29
8J0,811
5:0.293
44
92
1SS8
2,297
19,054
7.17
21.lr8
37 12
29 m
sa,367
573.041
44
94
1889
2,316
19,365
7.45
21.393
37 57
29 76
84(1,744
5^3,292
44
96
1890
2,325
19,758
7.33
91 8S6
38 46
29 S3
8J9.055
,574,817
44
f6
1891
2,337
20.190
7.40
22', 231
39 34
30 46
8"5.2CO
592,249
43
1 00
1892
2.357
20.653
7.41
22,5.56
30 83
.30 89
!^6!.0^3
590,316
42
104
1893
2,386
21,134
7.74
23,085
41 64
32 53
876,1.31
610,422
42
1 15
1894
2,411
21,553
7.71
23,253
31 84
32 55
915.490
645,201
42
106
1895
2,443
22,253
7.62
22.993
41 78
32 70
942,975
063,102
42
129
1896
2, 477
22.822
7.71
23.003
41 80
32 7S
956,734
6^3,918
42
1 25
1897
2,481
23,451
7.63
24.171
41 71
32 S6
971,337
711,111
41
1 22
1898
2,490
29.983
7.69
24,716
41 06
32 50
999,719
736.334
43
1 26
1899
2,492
24,497
7.75
25,3.58
41 fi8
32 73
1.006,990
729,892
41
1 29
1900
2.509
24,818
8.09
26,878
41 62
32 66
1,004,485
72s, 4"3
43
1 32
1901
2,515
25,455
8.04
26.453
42 14
33 OS
1,010,069
720.116
40
1 34
1902
2,532
25,981
8.05
26,990
31 31
1,010,620
738,573
?9
1 38
1903
2.544
26,583
8.08
27.083
-14 77
U 10
1.035,196
751,000
30
1 45
1904
2,558
26,966
7.80
28.372
47 12
35 09
1,030.164
764,119
38
1 54
1905
2,.5R0
27,395
8.14
28,428
49 91
38 55
1.046,088
7,':8,542
38
1 67
1906
2,571
27,993
7.65
29,193
51 36
38 92
1,061,405
784,144
38
172
No. 6. STATISTICS. 509
MENT UNDER THE PRESENT LAW, NOT INCLUDING PHILADELPHIA.
ES
$156,389 25
159,554 17
164,330 OO
164,723 55
188,646 00
186,841 12
193,503 34
209, 813 97
210,752 00
211,784 60
216,087 03
210,134 08
223,463 67
239,813 19
218,521 87
307,718 00
321,300 00
318,451 34
429,152 65
375,332 71
521,345 13
533,625 13
728,207 19
823,784 S3
723,082 57
497,030 76
747,297 13
865,819 70
684,127 86
696,478 18
700,340 81
803,103 18
803,344 24
802,411 12
803,190 71
1,207,009 52
1,206,204 94
1,564,603 81
1,560,267 38
2,901,116 80
4,039,766 22
4,432,647 24
4.439,752 79
4,389.029 79
4,391,574 31
4,637,585 07
4,622,822 98
4,291,154 93
4,355,601 04
4,658,210 43
4,597,616 S3
4,576.413 32
4,483.153 51
$1,157,119 32
1,401,300 15
1,603,844 15
1,180,143 07
2,009,437 00
2,039,684 05
2,015,785 20
2,108,487 44
1,965,164 91
1,980,473 26
2,143,348 20
2,438,640 37
3,013,057 33
3,616,285 23
4,016,919 12
4,438,946 66
4,731,049 86
5,016,801 73
5,229,024 63
5,543,985 23
5,787.833 95
5,983,004 90
6,003.443 31
5,627.943 56
5,289,646 25
4,923,874 62
4,818,594 36
5,031,779 70
5,452,902 28
5.676,545 57
6,313,832 62
6,519,927 78
6,672.185 29
6,946,949 23
7.134.701 52
7,869,505 56
7,923,622 43
8,061.137 92
8,187.893 57
7.776,101 62
8,677.582 67
8.598.542 71
9,296.162 78
9.351,011 31
9.725.229 60
10,078.540 87
10,500,962 67
10.887.613 25
12.687,415 80
17,781.589 84
13,085.707 94
14,866.554 00
15.981,970 73
5.50
5.72
5.71
5.43
5.43
3.55
4.75
4.00
5.00
5.89
6.56
7.25
7.53
7.63
7.76
7.71
7.27
7.50
7.55
6.33
6.27
5.96
5.42
6.06
6.14
6.16
5.94
7.64
6.19
5;96
4^54
4.40
4.52
4.99
4. S3
3.14
3.78
5.12
5.18
5.23
5.51
fi'.29
6.05
3.45
3.17
3.25
5.40
3.47
3.03
3.27
3.63
4.53
5.04
5.. 51
6.30
5.39
6.58
5.06
4.30
5.02
5.14
3.89
3.75
2.30
3.12
2.99
3.21
4.26
3.61
3.61
3.50
3.55
3.31
3.34
3.13
3.34
3.22
3.47
2.74
3.20
2.75
1.64
2.58
2.64
2.77
2.SS
2.95
1.52
$1,127,922 61
1,371,706 14
1,534,732 32
1,554,780 64
1,621,370 00
1,639.383 23
1.783,114 48
1,756,307 38
1,797,347 36
2,016,310 17
2,318,069 18
2,801,759 31
3.489,237 31
4,314,028 52
5.068.316 72
5.684.977 21
6,023,451 64
5,438.656 29
6,671.949 93
6.808,917 69
7,247.263 63
G. 918, 811 03
6,623,273 00
.6,229,714 59
6,282,110 78
5,859,009 06
6,469,120 91
6.686.256 93
7,365.217 19
7,623.678 37
8,095,942 18
8,105,866 59
8,845.087 22
8,836.053 35
9.008,852 33
9,851,095 75
8,4.50,909 25
10,820.029 55
10,289,198 07
11,131.332 03
12,053.899 69
12,424,198 47
13,528.246 38
13,276.078 00
■13,992.387 52
15,224.091 77
16,314,489 32
20,786.9.54 07
17.781.589 84
18,860,273 03
21.480.604 93
23.196.386 38
$256,735 92
266,198 76
1854
$1,041,571 19
$110. 3S3 9*;
18-,5
322,125 37
1,145.730 22
240,615 29
1856
444. 2&5 56
1,137.357 92
172,572 92
1857
454.343 53
1,235.992 65
162,670 P8
18.j8
531,413 85
1,407.159 35
167,721 07
18-,9
448.426 28
1,442,171 70
209.956 38
1860
496.124 67
1,430, 063 CO
223,497 .19
1861
305,796 90
1,367,181 38
232.337 31
1862
394,767 35
1,698,040 01
250. 56n 52
1863
488.517 09
1,098,664 01
390.227 30
1864
374,450 97
1,980,777 83
410.346 26
1865
596.66') C9
2, 211,. 521 70
458,317 61
1806
985.1,52 55
2, 482, .512 63
601,087 21
18'i7
1.357.726 99
2,019,109 93
643.217 88
186S
1,104,860 21
2,819.444 00
727.624 05
1869
2,560.137 42
3.010,690 33
S07.713 82
1870
3,006.194 41
3.183,418 86
799,275 48
1S71
2.536,637 39
3.221,121 78
863,738 96
1872
1,477.831 OO
2,424,970 91
1,756,111 73
1873
1.600.131 62
3,596,004 47
1.652,651 94
18 r4
1,722,103 54
3.755.309 66
1.961.341 60
1875
1,245,387 23
3, 82'!, 987 12
2,006,8.33 88
1S76
961,915 02
3.742.728 80
1.948.470 46
1877
877.382 06
3.651,883 00
1.817,934 11
i?7S
878.808 93
3,544,552 72
1,672,927 20
1879
809,896 51
3,606,911 82
1,584.365 92
1880
1,067,471 34
3,673,223 S3
1,703.224 99
1?81
1,139.3.55 44
3,830.079 52
1,687,912 96
1S82
1,431,670 08
5.095.6.58 50
1.850,8:9 50
1883
1,405,526 81
4,282,191 12
1.965.706 f3
1884
1,566.323 91
4.447,618 69
2.C86.595 98
1885
1.537,565 15
4.582,374 25
2,117,667 28
1886
1,461.673 13
4.673,324 30
2,171,481 66
18S7
1,642,961 33
5,044.3.85 15
2,297.3R4 51
1888
1,799.121 10
5,240,826 22
2,504.880 71
•18S9
2,131,322 71
5,438.587 21
2.656,958 93
1899
2,892.667 68
5.693.332 84
2.829,690 66
1891
2.378.780 77
6,028.019 91
2,378,780 77
im
2.979.271 21
6,672.850 02
2,5a5.96S 49
im
2.834,091 22
6,995.022 56
3.637.038 74
im
3,182,749 40
7.206,202 88
3.912,622 13
1S95
3.297.416 07
7,460.547 01
4.016.808 96
1896
3,296.294 14
7,839,216 45
4.104,615 -.2
1897
2,933.813 23
8.020,396 81
4,095.817 03
18.8
2,736,897 04
8.358,092 99
4.402,261 43
1819
3.061.523 90
8,772,5615 65
4,474,192 82
19 0
3,394,531 34
8,874,295 97
4.819.126 03
1901
3,186,783 18
9,302.405 95
5,182,928 92
1902
3,647,771 24
9.9-.0.4''l 38
5.386.212 07
1903
3.675,240 30
10.303.035 43
6.119.444 34
1904
4.581,273 53
11.237.161 96
6.493.623 31
1905
4.730.329 65
11.858. 661 36
6,831.798 48
1906
510
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc,
CORNPLANTER INDIAN SCHOOL.
Receipts and expenditures for the school year ending June, 1906,
for the Cornplanter Indian School, situated on the Allegheny river,
in Warren county, as certified to by O. J. Gunning, superintendent
of schools of Warren county, as per act of Assembly, approved July
3, 1895.
Receipts.
Balance on hand from last year,
Appropriation for 1905,
|1 82
500 00
Total, 1501 82
Expenditures.
Teacher's wages, 8 months at |4o per month, ,
Fuel and drayage,
Books and supplies,
Repairs and miscellaneous expenses
1360 00
92 75
44 55
5 85
Total,
503 15
Deficit,
Number of pupils belonging to school,
Number in attendance during last month, . . .
Percentage of attendance during last month,,
Percentage of attendance during term,
Oost per month per pupil, ,
Males.
8
6
82
82
|1 33
Females.
21
15
80
82
|2 16
Distribution of State aid to Normal School Students for the School
Year Ending June, 1906.
District.
Location.
Amount.
?30,600 50
24,859 50
Third
19 005 00
Fourth
15 267 00
Fifth
Mansfield
19,044 CO
Eighth
15 252 00
Ninth
20 221 50
Eleventh
24,951 00
Twelfth
19,162 50
Thirteenth^ «... .
14,869 50
Total
$259,659 50
(Note.— The above amounts paid the tuition of the students in full, the State thus furnishing
free tuition to all persons desiring to prepare themselves for teaching In the public schools.
No. 6. STATISTICS.
TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOLS ENTITLED TO APPROPRIATION.
Following is a list of township high schools for the school year
ending June i, 1906, which were entitled to a pro rata share of the
appropriation to township high schools.
The appropriation made by the Legislature in 1905 to these schools
for the school year ending June 4, 1906, was |100,000, which was
sufficient to pay 95 per cent, of the amount to which the several
schools were entitled. First grade schools should have received
|800; second grade, $600; and third grade, |400, but the appropria-
tion was only sufficient to pay first grade schools, |760; second
grade, |570; and third grade, |380.
A township high school maintaining a four years course beyond
the common branches constitutes a first grade school; one maintain-
ing three years course, a second grade school, and one maintaining
a two years course, a third grade school.
County. Township. Keceivea.
ALLEGHENY Harrison, $380
Shaler 380
BEAVER, Harmony BiO
BEDFORD, Broad Top : 380
Liberty, 380
BERKS Caernarvon, 380
Cumru, 380
Heidelberg 380
Heidelberg, Lower 380
Longswanr^p, 380
Oley 380
Onteliaunee 380
Perry 380
Spring 383
BRADFORD Orwell 570
Wyalusing, 5*0
Smithneld 380
BUCKS Durham 570
Lower Makefield, 570
Doylestown 380
Falls 380
Middletown 380
New Britain, 380
Nockamixon 380
Northampton 380
Solebury 380
Southampton, 380
Springfield, 380
BUTLER Concord 380
Franklin 380
Muddy Creek 380
Penn 380
CAMBRIA Reade 570
CARBON Mauch Chunk 570
Lower Towamenslng 380
CENTRE Harris 570
Walker 570
Ferguson ^|3
Gregg 380
Haines 380
Liberty 380
Spring 380
Worth 380
CHESTER Easttown ™
Tredyffrin 760
West Fallowfield, 570
East Marlboro.
570
East Nottingham 570
West Bradford ^™
East Brandywine 380
North Coventry "*;
East Coventry 380
512 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Amount
County. Township. Received.
CHESTER— Conlinued. New Garden.
East Goslien 380
Honey Brook 380
West Nantmeal 380
New London 380
East Pikeland 380
west Pikeland 380
Uwchlan, 3S0
West Vincent 380
Wallace 380
Warwick 380
East Whiteland 380
.Salem 380
. Beccaria 380
Bigler 380
Huston 380
Lawrence 380
Morris, 380
Penn 380
Woodward 380
CLINTON Lamar, 570
Noyes 670
Pine Creek 380
COLUMBIA Mifflin 570
Briar Creek 380
Fishing Creek 380
Hemlock, 380
Locust, .' 380
Roaring Creek, 380
Scott 380
Sugarloaf 380
CRAWFORD, Bloomfield 380
East Fallowfield 380
Hayfield, 380
East Mead, 3S0
Randolph 380
North Shenango 380
Summit, 380
Wayne 380
CUMBERLAND^. South Middleton, 380
Newton 380
Penn 380
East Pennsboro, 380
DAUPHIN Derry 380
Wiconisco 3~0
Williams 3S0
DELAWARE Radnor 760
Upper Darby 570
Upper Chichester 380
Upper Providence 380
Nether Providence 380
ELK Benezette, 570
Fox 570
Horton 570
Jones 570
Spring Creek, 570
Millstone 38)
Ridgway 380
ERIE Girard 760
Springfield, 761
Elk Creek 570
Mill Creek 570
Fairview 3S0
Greenfield, 38)
Harbor Creek 3S0
Venango 3S)
Washington SS")
FAYETTE Dunbar 3S0
Perry 3S0
North Union 38)
FOREST Jenks 570
FRANKLIN Qnincy 570
Metal 380
FULTON Wells 3«!0
HUNTINGDON Spruce Creek 38)
JEFFERSON Eldred 38)
Snydpr .'i^O
Washington 3S)
LACKAWANNA South Abington 3s!i
Madison, 380
LANCASTER Bart, 3S0
Little Britain 3S1
Conoy 3^0
East Donegal, 3^0
Drumore 38)
East Earl 3S0
Wett Earl 380
Fulton 3S0
ParadiFC 3Ri
LAWRENCE North Beaver 38)
Hickory 380
Pulaski 380
Scott 380
Slippery Rock 380
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
513
LEBANON,
LEHIGH
LUZERNE
LYCOMING, ..
McKEAN
MERCER,
MIFFLIN, ....
MONTGOMERY
NORTHAMPTON
NORTHUMBERLAND,
PIKE
POTTER, ....
SCHUYLKILL,
SNYDER,
SULLIVAN
SUSQUEHANNA
TIOGA,
UNION
VENANGO
WARREN,
WASHINGTON,
WESTMORELAND,
WYOMING
YORK
Township.
Jackson
North Annville,
South Annville
Cornwall,
West Cornwall
Heidelberg
Salisburg
White Hall
Hazle,
Newpurt,
Plymouth
Mclntyre
Brown,
Foster
Lackawannock,
Brown,
Armagh
Union
Cheltenham,
Lower Merion,
Abington
Moreland
Upper Gwynedd
Plymouth
West Pottsgrove
WhJtpain
Lehigh
Lower Saucon,
Coal
Delaware
East Chillisquaque
West Chillisquaque
Zerbe
Delaware
Harrison
Stewardson,
Roulette,
Union
Branch
Cass,
Delano,
Frailey r
Hegins,
Washington
Davidson,
Brooklyn
Harford,
Herrick
Springville,
Bloss
Hartley
Lewis
Sugar Creek
Cornplanter
Oakland
Richland,
Rockland
Sheffield
Brokenstraw
Conewango,
Corydon
Fieehold -
Glade.
Kinzua
Pine Grove
Sugar Grove
Cecil
Cross Creek
Mount Pleasant
Independence
Morris
Peters
Robinson
North Strabane
Damascus,
Dreher
Lake
Mount Pleasant
Buckingham
Clinton,
Lehigh
Prt-ston
Texas
East Huntingdon
Mount Pleasant
Monroe
Noxen
Codorus
33—6—1906
514 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Average Monthly Wages of Male Teachers by Counties for the School Year
Ending June 4, 1906.
1. Allegheny, $95
2. Delaware
3. Elk,
4. Lackawanna,
5. McKean ,
6. Chester,
7. Luzerne
8. Cameron,
9. Westmoreland
10. Washington ,
11. Warren,
12. Montgomery
13. Beaver
14. Fayette
15. Schuylkill,
16. Potter,
17. Carbon
18. Susquehanna .'
19. Venango,
20. Erie,
21. Cambria,
22. Jefferson
23. Blair
24. Tioga,
25. Bucks
26. Lehigh,
27. Lancaster
28. Berks,
29. Northampton
30. Wayne,
31. Dauphin,
32. Butler,
33. Clearfield
34. Bradford
35. Northumberland
36. Armstrong
37. Crawford
38. Mercer
39. Lawrence
40. Lebanon ,
41. Wyoming
42. Columbia,
43. Greene
44. Mifflin,
45. Clinton,
46. Sullivan,
47. Clarion -
48. Forest
49. Lycoming
50. Pike, ,
51. Somerset , ■
52. Indiana
53. Cumberland
54. Franklin ,
55. Centre,
56. Bedford
57. York
58. Union,
59. Perry,
60. Monroe
61. Huntingdon,
62. Montour
63. Juniata,
64. Adams ,
65. Snyder,
66. Fulton
78 86
75 57
69 78
67 90
67 14
65 73
63 33
62 61
60 96
60 94
60 20
59 24
58 76
57 91
57 88
56 68
55 82
55 75
55 00
54 12
53 89
53 65
53 22
53 15
52 53
51 96
51 66
51 51
50 92
50 57
49 76
49 72
49 31
48 61
48 42
47 73
47 30
46 79
46 30
46 02
45 90
45 83
45 56
45 39
45 33
45 11
44 53
44 39
44 38
44 34
43 72
43 62
42 68
42 66
42 25
41 44
40 94
40 86
40 54
40 36
40 08
39 90
39 60
No. 6. STATISTICS. 515
Average Monthly Wages of Female Teachers by Counties for the School Year
Ending June 4, 1906.
9- w^l^'^"^ =553 07
2. Washington , 47 7^^
3. Delaware 47 37
4. Westmoreland 46 01
5. Fayette 44 59
6. Lancaster _ 43 65
7. Montgomery 43 06
"" 42 25
Elk,
9. Bucks,
10. Schuylkill '..'.'.'.'.'.'. 41 64
11. McKean , [ [ 4^ 53
12. Cambria, , ' ] ." 41 61
13. Luzerne, 41 28
14. Chester, 41 20
15. Beaver, 41 18
16. Greene, 41 15
17. Blair, 40 97
18. Butler '. .' '. .' 40 95
19. Lebanon , 40 64
20. Jefferson , ..']'' 39 gg
21. Northampton , ] 39 qi
22. Lehigh [ 39 74
23. Venango, 39 27
24. Lackawanna 39 23
25. Lawrence, 39 03
26. Clearfield 38 69
27. Dauphin, 38 62
28. Northumberland 38 57
29. Armstrong 38 55
30. Forest 38 43
31. Carbon, 38 12
32. Cumberland, 38 10
33. Cameron 38 07
34. Mifflin, 37 65
35. Warren 37 64
36. Lycoming 37 64
37. Somerset, 37 58
38. Franklin, , 37 53
39. Union 37 28
40. York, 37 09
41. Erie 37 03
42. Mercer 36 99
43. Berks, 36 88
44. Monroe 36 87
45. Indiana 36 83
46. Clarion 36 78
47. Potter, 36 70
48. Clinton 36 61
49. Adams , 36 49
50. Centre, 36 46
51. Tioga, 36 42
52. Bradford, 36 25
53. Susquehanna, 36 17
54. Crawford 36 13
55. Columbia, 36 12
56. Montour 36 00
57. Sullivan 35 90
58. Pike 35 72
59. Wayne, 35 70
60. Bedford 35 67
61. Huntingdon 35 67
62. Wyoming, 35 55
63. Perry 35 51
64. Juniata, 35 39
65. Snyder 35 10
66. Fulton 35 00
516 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Average Length of the Annual School Term by Counties for the School Year
Ending June 4, 1906.
1. Delaware 9.42
2. Allegheny 9.41
3. Lackawanna, 9.38
4. Montgomery 9.24
5. Schuylkill 8.83
6. Northampton 8.79
7. Chester, 8.71
S. Luzerne 8.69
9. Bucks 8.68
10. Dauphin 8.53
11. Erie 8 . 44
12. Carbon 8.42
13. Lehigh, 8.41
14. Northumberland 8.39
15. Berks 8.30
16. Blair, 8.15
17. McKean 8.08
18. Beaver, 8.00
19. Lawrence 7.99
20. Elk, 7.94
21. Lebanon 7.84
22. Venango 7.84
23. Lancaster 7.81
24. Cambria 7.81
25. Montour 7.80
26. Lycoming 7.80
27. Washington 7.79
28. Warren 7.78
29. Mercer, 7.77
30. Westmoreland 7 . 76
31. Columbia, 7.73
32. Crawford, 7-69
33. Potter 7.68
34. York 7.68
35. Cumberland, 7.61
36. Forest, 7.61
37. Pike, 7.59
38. Bradford 7.58
39. Cameron 7 . 57
40. Mifflin, 7.57
41. Butler, ••••-■ 7.56
42. Fayette, 7.53
43. Tioga, 7.50
44. Monroe 7.49
45. Wyoming, 7.48
46. Clearfield 7.48
47. Jefferson 7 . 43
48. Armstrong,
7.42
_,. Franklin, 7.38
50. Wayne, 7.38
5L Clinton 7.35
52. Union, 7.35
53. Perry 7.32
54. Centre 7.27
55. Adams 7.22
56. Clarion, 7.17
57. Huntingdon 7.15
58. Somerset 7.14
59. Indiana, 7.13
60. Juniata, 7.11
61. Bedford 7.11
62. Greene 7.09
63. Susquehanna '-Yj^
64. Snyder 7.07
65. Fulton , '-"0
66. Sullivan "-^"^
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
517
STATEMENT SHOWING THE NUMBER OF SCHOOLS IN THE SEVERAT
COUNTIES HAVING SEVEN. EIGHT. NINE AND TEN MONTHS RE
SPECTIVELY FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR ENDING JUNE 4 im
Counties.
1. Adams
2. Allegheny ••••
3. Armstrong '. 1-9*^1
4. Beaver
5. Bedford,
6. Berks
7. Blair .■.■.".■.■.'.■:.'.■;:.■ 324
8. Bradlord
9. Bucks,
10. Butler . 96
11. Cambria '.'.'.'.['.'.'.'.'. ^^
12. Cameron, ...
13. Carbon
14. Centre, .■.■.';■; -9
15. Chester '. ••••
16. Clarion WO
17. Clearfield
18. Clinton
19. Columbia, ....
20. Crawford
21. Cumberland, 49
22. Dauphin '. 35
23. Delaware 222
21. Elk 298
25. Erie '.
26. Fayette 245
27. Forest
28. Franklin, ..
29. Fulton :
30. Greene
31. Huntingdon, ...
32. Indiana
33. Jefferson, ] • • • •
34. Juniata
35. Lackawanna •••
36. Lancaster '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[ iiS
37. Lawrence
38. Lebanon, —
39. Lehigh .'.'.'.'.■.'.■
40. Luzerne ■ • ■ •
41. Lycoming .. ■ "^
42. McKean '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
43. Mercer,
44. Mifflin '.'.'.'■'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..
45. Monroe _[ '
46. Montgomery •;:■
47. Montour 412
48. Northampton, ••••
49. Northumberland, . 'H
50. Perry 29
51. Pike ;
52. Potter
53. Schuylkill ;; •:•
54. Snyder ^sS
55. Somerset '
66. Sullivan, '.'...W
57. Susquehanna
58. Tioga
59. Union '.'.'.'.'.'.'.
60. Venango ' ' *
61. Warren
62. Washington
63. Wayne .' '
64. Westmoreland
65. Wyoming
66. York '■■'■'■'■'.'■'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".
Total — -— - -
Philadelphia ••• -^ •^^■■■■' i::;::::::;:: till
'^°'^^ .' -JjTo -
179
294
37
76
216
215
297
237
253
340
351
112
845
766
312
303
407
142
14S
644
79
515
475
193
75
213
845
125
381
105
103
326
309
658
222
910
1^0
661
27, 993
4,03S
518
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
STATEMENT SHOWING THE NUMBER OF DISTRICTS IN THE SEVERAL.
COUNTIES HAVING SEVEN, EIGHT. NINE AND TEN MONTHS RE-
SPECTIVELY FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
«2 .c c £
-egg
I i £ ^ .
F, B '^ > ^
H g 0 ^ S
Adams
Allegheny
Armstrong
Beaver,
Bedford
Berks
Blair
Bradford
Bucks
Butler
Cambria
Cameron
Carbon
Centre
Chester
Clarion
Clearfield
Clinton
Columbia
Crawford
Cumberland
Dauphin
Delaware
Elk,
Erie
Fayette
Forest
Franklin
Fulton,
Greene
Huntingdon
Indiana,
Jefferson
Juniata
Lackawanna, . . .
Lancaster,
Lawrence
Lebanon
Lehigh
Luzerne
Lycoming
McKean
Mercer
Mifflin,
Monroe
Montgomery
Montour
Northampton, ..
Northumberland,
Perry
Pike
Potter
Schuylkill
Snyder,
Somerset
Sullivan
Susquehanna, . . .
Tioga
Union
Venango,
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Westmoreland, .-
Wyoming,
York
Total
Philadelphia, ...
Total
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
519
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
I
■ ■iiim:^"-Mii>Ms,
i
s
ft
8
a
a
1
1
1
1
1
1
"3
s
^
1
1
fa
1
Name of Principal.
Adams County.
East Berlin borough,
Fairfield borough, ...
Gettysburg borough,
Littlestown borough,
Allegheny County.
Allegheny City
Aspinwall borough,
Avalon borough
Bellevue borough, ..
Braddock borough, ..
Carnegie borough, ..
Coraopolis borough, .
Crafton borough
Duquesne borough, .
Edgewood borough, .
Elizabeth borough, .
Harrison township, .
Homestead borough, ...
McKeesport borough, ..
Millvale borough
N. Braddock borough,..
Oakdale borough
Oakmont borough
Pitcairn borough
Pittsburg, Academic, ..
Pittsburg, Commercial,
Pittsburg, Normal,
Shaler township,
2% 10
4 :io
2 I 8
Sheraden borough 4 i 9
Tarentum borough,
Turtle Creek borough,
"Verona borough
Wilkinsburg borough,
Armstrong County.
Apollo borough
Ford City borough, ..
Freeport borough
Kittanning borough.
Leechburg borough, .
Parker City borough,
4 9
3 I 9
2 ; 9
4 9
3 , 8
3 9
3 9
3 i 9
Beaver County.
Beaver borough
Beaver Falls borough,..
Bridgewater, West,
borough.
Freedom borough
Harmony township, ...
Monoca borough
New Brighton borough,
Rochester borough
Bedford County.
Bedford borough, ..
Broad Top township,
Everett borough, ...
Hyndman borough, .
Liberty township, ...
Saxton borough
Schellburg borough,
Berks County.
Bemville borough,
Blrdsboro borough,
215 336 ; 1
20 33 (
22 1 38 ; '
23 3S I :
17 i 34 !
15 , 21 1
€65: 1,377 1 5
3751 691 1 41
331j 331...
= ' 10 :
•71
J. Paul Kaufiman.
C. A. Landis.
William I. Book.
Willis A. Burgoon
1 I
W. L. Smith.
E. J. Robinson.
E. T. Daugherty.
Oreo. M. Johnston.
J. E. Little.
T. J. George.
C. C. Marshall.
O. P. Fuller.
H. E. Winner.
W". Edward Borger
Mary J. Park.
J. Elwood Wherry,
Na trona.
L. P. Williams.
J. B, Richey.
J. C. R. Johnston
Erastus F. Loucks
H. H. Hanna.
W. E. Bair.
Edward Rynearson.
Edward Rynearson.
Edward Rynearson
Alice E. Davis, Glen-
shaw
E. W. Reed, Sheridan-
ville.
S. H. Gardner.
H. W. Goodwin.
Minnie E. Claypoole.
W. A. Rodgers.
C. M. McNaughton.
H. H. Elliott
Carlton P. Fairbanks.
F. D. Neal.
R. L. Hlldebrand.
J. Brad Craig.
George G. Starr.
Wm. McCaughtry.
C. F. Hetche.
Floyd At well, E
omv.
David C. Locke.
Loula King.
J. B. Hawk.
2 W. M. Edwards De-
fiance.
^ H. L. Rinehart.
2 .L A. Erhard.
1 E. S. Rice. Saxton.
2 T. E. Holsinger.
1 George L. Wolfe.
1 Richard Noll,
llj. A. Grler.
•Copied from last year'i
35
520
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
t;
"
c
i
s?
!fi
s
5
i
1
"H
s
1
f.
3
S
1
oi
•3
^
^
i
S
H
s
B
fe
H
Name of Principal.
Boyertown borough, .
Caernarvon township,
Cumru township,
Fleetwood borough, ...
Hamburg borough, —
Heidelburg township, ..
Heidelburg, Lower,
township.
Long Swamp township,
Ontelaunee township, ..
Oley township, ..
Perry township.
Beading boys, ..
Reading Evening,
Reading, Girls, ..
Spring township,
Womelsdorf borough, ..
Blair County.
Altoona city
Bellwood borough
Hollidaysburg borough,
Juniata borough,*
Martinsburg borough,..
Roaring Spring bor-
ough.
Tyrone borough
Bradford County.
Athens borough,
Canton borough,
Monroe borough,
New Albany borough,*.
Orwell township
Sayre borough
Smithfleld township, ..
Towanda borough, . . .
Troy borough
Ulster, Ind
Wyalusing borough, ..
Wyalusing township, ..
Bucks County.
Bristol borough,*
Chalfont borough
Doylestown borough, .
Doylestown township, .
Durham township
Falls township,
Lower Makefield town-
ship.
Middletown township, . .
New Britain township, .
New Hope borough, ..
Newtown borough, ...
Nockamixon township, .
Northampton township,
Perkasie borough
Quakertown borough, . .
Sellersville borough,*.
Solebury township, ...
10
11
H
11
13
24
34
3
40
5
ll
17
12
5
5
16
31
9
9
33
43
14
14
26
25
36
51
72
21
10
23
17
44
27
....
10
2, 1'
2'....
Samuel I. Henry.
E. W. Billmann, Mor-
gantown.
A. M. Dietrich, Read-
Wm. C. Sampson.
E. J. Conner.
David L. Hersteln,
Lancaster.
Wm. A. Strieker, Wer-
nersville.
A. F. Kemp.
Howard C. Snyder,
Leesport.
C. Waldo S. Leinbach.
A. L. Riland.
Robert Birch.
H. R. Brunner.
Mary H. Mayer, 4th
& Court Sts.
F. O. Hartman, Sink-
ing Springs.
Wm. H. Matters.
G. D. Robb.
J. A. Herman.
Le Vrrne Alden Marsh.
A. M. Jacobs.
E. S. Kagarise.
J. K. Ritchey.
4; 1| 5 I. C. M. Ellenberger.
Geo. E. Rogers.
J. A. Chrestensen.
Budell Phillips.
Philip tieiUy.
Philip Reilly.
I. F. Stetler.
F. W. Gorham.
J. H. Humphries.
W. M. Denison.
W. T. Clarke.
Clinton P. McCord.
Joseph H. Hurst,
Camptown.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
Jennie C. Adams.
John D. Goldsmith,
Scotland.
Carmon Ross.
A. James Gayman.
I. R. Baker, Riegles-
ville.
H. C. Neagley, Falls-
ington.
O. E. Batt, Edge-
wood.
E. W. Martindell.
Paul S. Gayman, Doy-
lestown.
A I. Underwood.
J. H. Hoffman.
Wayne Burns.
Wayne Burns, Rlch-
boro.
Albert C. Rptter.
Gordon Luckenbill,
Richland Center.
W. R. Nauman.
Edith Michener.
•Copied from last year's report.
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
521
TABULAR STATEMENT OP HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4. 1906.
fe
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
i
■o
§
^
"
s
S
s
!!i
i
1
S
1
g
1
'oi
•3
1
1
•3
1
Name of Principal,
Southampton township, i 3
Springfield township, ..3
Yardley borough, 2
Butler County. j
Butler borough 4
Concord township 2
Franklin township, ' 3
Muddy Creek township.
Packerton, Ind
ParryvlUe borough, ...
Summit Hill borough,
Weatherly borough, .
"Weissport borough, ..
Centre County.
Bellefonte borough, ... 4
Centre Hall borough,*. 3
Ferguson township, ... 3
Gregg township, 2
Haines township,
Harris township.
Liberty township
Millheim borough, . . .
Philipsburg borough.
Spring township,
State College borough,*
"Walker township
Worth township.
Penn township
Portersville borough.
Cambria County.
East Conemaugh bor- 3 8
ough.*
Ebensburg borough,* ..3 8
Gallitzin borough 3 S
Johnstown city, 4 9
Patton borough 3 9
Reade township 3 7
South Fork borough, ..3 S
Cameron County.
Emporium borough, ... 4 8
Carbon County.
E. Mauch Chunk bor- 3 9
opgh.
Lansford borough 4 9
Lchighton borough, ..3 9
Lower Towam.ensing 2 8
township.
Mauch Chunk borough, 4 10
Mauch Chunk township, ' 4 9
3 10
3 9
3 9
Chester County.
Atglen borough
Avondale borough, ...
Cain township,*
Coatesville borough, .
Downingtown borough,
97 160 257
30 16 26
12 1 12 24
13 21
20 ....
13 ....
37 1 7
19.... 5
30 2 1
27 .... 1 2
■■i\
61
10
120
17
1.=;
33
12
22
12
20
12
27 1
13
24'
12
25 1
.W
78
11
28'
17
31
8
20
12
24
10
14
19
37
10
20 .
.'>4
92
41
621
75 1 10 11
4 7
51 5-2 7
16 2, 2 4
1
fi
7
1
....
1
1
2M
%
1
1
1'
....
....
.... !
...
1
2
1
"i
1
5
2
H. W. Davis.
Wm. T. Melchior,
Springtown.
Guy E. Albert.
V. K. Irvine.
Bliss G. Elliott.
Carl S. Brown.
T. E. McDougall,
Grove City.
J. B. Storey, Pen-
frew.
T. E. McDougall,
Grove City.
H. M. Farr.
W. T. Clarke.
R. H. Biter.
W. P. Long.
Bruce I. Myers.
J. C. Williams. Moun-
taindale.
M. S. Bentz.
Edward S. Ling.
P. H. McCabe.
H. M. Dengler.
P. A. Ebert.
M. C. Hoffman, Pa'-
mcrton.
Edw. W. Romberger.
A. E. Wagner, Nes-
quehoning.
J. F. Arner.
Wm. H. Krill.
H. M. Webber.
N. S. Murphy.
Clinton S. Felmlee.
lonns E. Wagner.
S. W. Gramley.
L. E. Poffinbergpr.
W. P. Hosterman,
Hall.
H. D. Krape, Aarons-
burg.
H. C. Rothroc, Boals-
burg.
Milford Pletcher,
Blanchard.
C. R. Neff.
D. H. Robbins.
S. S. Williams,
ard.
Effie C. Snyder.
W. S. Gerhard,
caster.
J. A. Williams,
Matilda.
How-
Lan-
Port
1 Edw. W. Keenan.
2 William H. Snvder
ll Helen Whiting.
6 Elmer E. Hess.
3 John R. Hunsicker.
•Copied from last year's report.
522
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
S
"'
1
o
"
a
a
a>
n
i
S
i
i
"
■d
s
g
1
fe
1
Name of Piincipal.
E. Brandyvvine town-
ship.
E. Coventry township, .
E. Goshen township, ..
E. Marlboro township, .
E. Nottingham town
ship.
E. Pikeland township, .
Easttown township, ..
E. Whiteland township.
Honey brook borough,..
Honeybrook township,
New Garden township.
New London township,
North Coventry town
ship.
Oxford borough
Phoenixville borough,..
Spring City borough, . . .
Tredyffrin township, ..
Uwchlan township
Wallace township.
Warwick township
West Bradford town
ship.
West Chester borough, .
W. Pallowfield town-
ship
W. Grove borough
W. Nantmeal township,
W. Pikeland township, .
W. Vincent township, . .
Clarion County. I
Clarion borough,*
Edenburg borough,
Poxburg, Ind
New Bethlehem bor.,..
Rimersburg borough, ..
St. Petersburg bor
Salem township,
Sllgo borough.
Clearfield County.
Beccaria township, .
Bigler township
Brisbin borough
Clearfield borough
Curwensville borough,.
Du Bois borough
Houtzdale borough
Huston township
Irvona borough,* ..
Lawrence township,
.Mahaffey borough,
Norris township,
1
1
1
1
2
1
i
1
1
5 ...
5L.i
4 11
W. I. Taylor, Jermyn.
H. M. Mendenhall,
Parker Ford.
John T. Gyger, West
Chester.
Hugh W. Alger,
Unionville.
A. L. Eby, Oxford.
J. T. Shoffner, Kib-
berton.
A. M. Snyder, Berwyn.
Warren K. Terger,
Gratersford.
C. B. Deehm.
Martha K. Buyers.
Ethel E. Webster,
Kelton.
Anna H. Eves.
H. R. Vanderslice,
Cedarville.
R. L. Johnson.
D. H. Robbins.
Thos. A. Bock.
Irwin M. Sabold,
Paoli.
M. Iva Miller, Down-
ingtown.
M. Elsie Philips, Glen
Moore.
R. LeRoy Dengler,
Poccono.
Martha Lindsay, Mar-
shalton.
Addison Jones.
A. R. Bechtel, Coch-
ranvllle.
A. A. McCrone.
Clyde I. Martin,
Loags.
Elma M. Philips,
Chester Springs.
S. L. Shanaman, Bir-
chrunville.
E. M. Sweitzer.
N. E. Heeter.
A. F. Milford.
Frank H. Rimer.
R. R. Stuart.
Elmer E. Brown.
C. A. Middleswarth,
Laniartin.
John W. Rutherford.
Fred. Wingert, Coal-
port.
A. L. Soofield, Madera.
D. B. McCracken.
E. E. Pawling.
H. J. Barrett.
C. E. Plasterer.
E. O. Tobias.
E. L. Bowman, Pen-
field.
J. A. Green.
B. W. Erhard, Glen
Richey.
C B. Hanawalt.
W. W. Eisenhart,
Morrisdale Mines.
•Copied from last year's report.
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
523
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
i
1
I
f
£
1
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
i
1
2
■3
1
S
,
1
e
rt
g
Name of Principal.
Penn township
Woodward township, .
Clinton County.
Lamar township, . .
Lock Haven bor., .
Mill Hall borough.
Noyes township, . .
2
7
3
g
4
7
1
8
Pine Creek township,
Renovo borough
Columbia County.
Benton borough
Berwick borough
Bloomsburg borough, .
Briar Creek township.
Catawissa borough,
Centralia borough. .
Fishing Creek twp.
Hemlock township.
Locust township 3
Mifflin township
Millville borough, ...
Orangeville borough.
Roaring Creek twp.,
Scott township
Stillwater borough, .
Sugarloaf township, .
W. Berwick borough,
Bloomfield township, . .
Cambridge Springs bor..
Cent ervi lie borough, ..
Cochranton borough, ..
Conneautville borough,
Conneaut Lake bor
E. Mead township
3. Fallowfleld twp.,
Geneva borough. ..
Hayfield township,
Hydetown borough, •
Linesvjlle borough, .
Meadville city
North Shenango twp.
Randolph township.,
Saegertown borough,
Sprlngboro township.
Summit township, . .
Titusville borough. .
Townville borough, .
Venango borough. ..
Wayne township, ...
6
10
13
4
18
9
10
15
15
32
43
6
5
•Al
32
28
14
IS
4
7
4
6
11
10
20
11
1
4
10
90
125
178
21
13
4
21
13
19
27
28
«
13
' 59
101
18
25
30! 4
303 I 7 :
3( 4
32
55
19
3
4
3
4
6
8
160
43
4
4
12
2
IR
6
14
1 iJ K
E. S. Bream, Gettys-
burg.
B. F. Rinehart, W.
Moshannon.
D. "Walter Steckbeck,
Salona .
A. A. Killian.
B. J. Bowers.
W. I. Fechman, West-
port.
W. G. Pearson, Avis.
Oden C. Gortner.
E. E. Beare.
.T. W. Snyder.
L. P. Sterner.
Elbert A. Roberts.
Runert.
.T. Morris Roberts.
D. H. Krise.
Gerdon Baker.
Emma Hause, Jersey-
town.
Rimber H. Knorr,
Catawissa.
F. A. Berkenstock.
Luther B. Rissel.
D. J. Snider.
Tra Cherrington, Mill
Grove.
R. V. Wolfe, Hunt-
ington Mills.
Anna Hess.
A S. Fritz. Jamison.
H. R. Snyder.
H. IT. Bently, Beaver
Center.
■R. W. Anderson,
Union Citv.
W. T>. T.ew's
Grace E. Clark.
Geo. W. Zann.
T, G. Bennett,
ciinton M. D'ckey.
rp r. Cheeseman.
Wavland.
G. T. Minnis, Ken-
nard.
'Walter D. Kinnev.
John R. Giblyn.
Watertown.
r> O. Honkins.
F. A. McK^lvey.
E R. Haxton.
A B McCain.
coner. N. T.
E. S. Stover.
Fal-
Guys
ills.
P M. Woodward.
Ir'vin N. Salisbury.
Geo. 1j. Hayes, Har-
monsburg.
H. r>. Hopkins.
T. E. Kingslev.
Ogden C. Bole.
F L. Smith. Millers
Station.
•Copied from last year's report.
624
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
i
B
1
8
m
1
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
i
i
H
s
1
3
1
1
Name of Principal.
Cumberland County.
Carlisle borough 4
E. Pennsboro twp 3
Mechanicsburg- bor.,* ..| 4
Mount Holly Springs i 4
borough.
New Cumberland bor., 1 3
Newton township, ] 3
Newville borough,
Penn township, ..
Shippensburg borough, .
South Middleton twp.,.
Dauphin County.
Berrysburg borough, ..
Dauphin borough
Derry township,
Elizabethville borough,
Gratz boroflgh,
Halifax borough
Harrisburg city, |
Harrisburg Technical,..
Hummeistown borough, '
Lykens borough '
Middletown borough, ..
Millersburg borough, ..
Penbrook borough
Royalton borough
Steelton borough,
Uniontown borough, ..
Wiconisco township, ..
Williams township
Delaware County.
Chester city,
Darby borough
Lansdowne borough, ..
Media borough
Providence, Nether,
township.
Radnor township
Ridley Park borough, ..
Swarthmore borough, . .
Upland borough
Upper Chichester twp.,.
9M.
fi9
in.s
172
15
23
7
14
IB
30
3
5
8%
42
42
84
10
»
19
19
38
11
8
24
18
42
11
7
7
9
16
5
8
27
28
55
12
8
7
14
21
7
9
37
42
79
11
.|
7
10
14
24
1
7
16
19
m
.
3
8
13
16
4
7
13
12
25
2
Upper Darby twp., 1 3
Upper Providence twp., ! 2
Elk County.
Benezette township.
Fox township
Horton township,
Johnsonhurg borough, .
Jones township,
4
Wo
4
10
4
10
4
9V,
2
9
4
9'.2
4
91^
4
9
2
9%
2
9
3 I 8
3 j
Millstone township
Ridgway borough
Ride-way township
St. Mary's borough. ..
Spring Creek township,
2(6 3S1 19 44
50 77 .... fi
52 77 2 9
32 €3 3 5
19 24 2 6
59
19
8
21
8
16
7
18
8
19
15
7U
12-
9
32
S
6
g
29
8
10
112
25 .... 4 4
74 4 1 9 13
29 5 5 10
8 12 3
S. C. Beitzel.
John Hetrick, W.
Fairview.
A. B. Hess.
George H. Whetstone.
G. P. Klugh.
R. E. McPherson, New
Bloomneld.
J. I. Martin.
Jane H. McCuUough,
Lees X Roads.
Edwin R. Brunyate.
A. J. Dohner, Boiling
Springs.
Thomas Matterness,
Palmyra.
A. R. Gilbert.
J. T. Hoitman.
P. L. Hocker.
W. S. Steele.
C. B. Eager.
J. H. Garbrick.
W. M. Tengst.
L. B. Nye.
J. F. Adams.
J. W. McGarvey.
R. D. Reider, Middle-
town.
Chas. S. Davis.
C. L. Grimm, Pillow.
14 Thos. S. Cole.
2 1 Chas. P. Sweeny.
5;H. Emilie Groce.
Leon H. Watters.
W. Reid Kirkland,
Girard.
G. H. Wilson, Wayne.
George G. Chambers.
Wm. G. Cleaver.
A. P. K. Krout.
Anna L. Hannum,
Boothwyn.
Elizabeth D. Turner,
Lansdowne.
Margaret McCandless,
Media.
C. M. Rosenberry.
C. M. Sullivan, Nor-
wood. N. Y.
I. H. Cloos, Brockport.
G. B. Gerberich.
E. S. Hopkins, Wil-
cox.
P. A. Noll. Pillow.
W. M. Peirce.
B. H. Rhinesmith.
.T. J. Tjynch.
M. A. Hallahan, Port-
land Mills.
♦Copied from last year's report.
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
525
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4. 1906.
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
i
^
"
a
i
s
?.
I
1
1
3
1
d-
1
1
Name of Principal,
Erie County.
Albion borough, . .
Corry city
E. Mill Creek twp.
E. Springfield borough
Edinboro borough,* ..
Elk Creek township,
Erie city
Fairview borough, .
Fairview township,
Girard borough, .
Girard township.
Greenfield township,
Harbor Creek township
McKean township,* .
Middleboro borough, .
Mill Creek township.
Mill Village borough
North East borough.
Platea borough
South Mill Creek twp
Springfield township.
3
8
4
9
4
8V4
2
8
2
9
■'
7
4
9%
7
2
7
Union City borough,
Venango township, ..
Washington township,
Waterford borough, ..
Wattsburg borough, .
Fayette County.
Connellsville borough, .
Dunbar township
Perry township
North Union township, ,
Uniontown borough.
Forest County.
Jenks township
Tionesta borough
Franklin County.
Chambersburg borough,
Greencastle borough, ..
Mercersburg borough, .
Metal township
Quincy township
Waynesboro borough...
Fulton County.
McConnellsburg bor. , . .
Wells township,
Greene County.
Waynesburg borough,
Huntingdon County.
Alexander borough,
Huntingdon borough,
Mapleton Depot bor.,
Mt Union borough,
Orbisonia borough. .
Petersburg borough,
Spruce Creek township
3
7
2
8
3
7
4
9
S
7
H
8
4
7
4
7
4
7
22
K'/-
87
11
10
fi
14
8
14
16
13
m
455
%)
13
40
30
16
30
21
37
4
12
1.S
17
5
4
3
3
17
16
14
9
•XA
59
1
IS
7
14
16
27
61
5
6
6
40
43
9
14
44
60
15
40
8
14
12
21
110
107
10
17
11
18
8t
107
12
23
16
29
7
12
7
11
36
69
9
14
10
1
22
42
9
18
45
91
19
15
18
1 2
10
13
18
25
15
16
7
8
11
1
1
1
3
fi
9
2
2
53
85
6
14
2
3
7
8
1
3
5
4 6
10 12
191
1
19
18
105
5
1
3
3
2
1
8
4
8
6
1
14
13
5
11
3
15
23
11
5
4
5
1
10
5
64
9
16
25
27
136
?1
^4
i
J
30
99
1
2
3
4^?
31
2
2
F. A. Shaw.
Mary L. Breene.
A. G. Weidler, Erie,
229 E. 17th.
W. N. Strawbridge.
J. F. McArthur.
George R. Mcintosh,
Lundys Lane.
John C. Diehl.
Wm. R. .Lingo.
R. R. Weigel, Mc-
Kean.
C. F. Armour.
Helen A. Selinger, N.
Girard.
Mary O. Davis.
H. M. Schabacker.
M. Agnes Daley.
M. Agnes Daley, Mc-
Kean.
H. J. McCreary, W.
Millcreek.
B. L. Dearing.
I. H. Russell.
Chauncey Ferguson.
M. B. Kitts, Erie.
Robert B. Proudflt, W.
Springfield.
S. C. Humus.
L. M. Blakely, Watts-
burg.
Harry Gibson, Edin-
boro.
E. M. Mixer.
G. B. Jones.
J. P. Wiley.
R. K. Smith, Dawson.
T. H. Means, Percy.
J. B. Snyder, Perry-
opolis.
Ella Peach.
G. W. Mitchell,
Marionville.
J. O. Corson.
W. F. Zumbro.
L. E. Smith.
Garry C. Myers.
J. T. Ruhl, Carlisle.
G. Chas. Clever.
J. F. Newman.
Emery Thomas.
W. D. Morton,
Connellsburg.
Geo. F. Martin.
Ralph C. Gardner.
E. S. Gerhard.
R. F. Beatty.
S. W. Gramley.
W. A. Lausons.
J. F. Weidenhammer.
V. B. Lefier.
♦Copied from last year's report.
526
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
TABULAR STATEMENT OP HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
Indiana County.
Blairsville borough, ..
Saltsburg borough, ...
Jefferson County.
Big Run borough 2
Brockwayville borough,
BrookviUe borough, ... 3
Corsica borough
Eldred township
Falls Creek borough,.
Punxsutawney borough, 4
Reynoldsville borough,
Snyder township, : 2 7
Summerville borough,..' 2 7
Washington township,
.Tuniata County.
Mifnintown borough,
Patterson boi-Btigh, ...! 3
1 i
Lackawanna County. I
Archbald borough ' 2
Blakely borough, | 3
Carbondale city ' 4
Dalton borough i 2
Dickson City borough, . 2
Dunmore borough ' 4
Jermyn borough,* 3
Lackawanna township,. 2
1
Madison township, j 3
Mayfield borough 2
Moosio borough. 2
Olyphant borough, 2
Scranton city 4
Scranton Technical, .-4
S. Abington township,.' 3 i 8
Throop borough 2 i 9
Waverly borough '3 8
Winton borough , 2 j 8
Lancaster County. |
Bart township j 3 I 7
Christiana borough 3 8
Columbia borough ' 3 ! 9
Conoy township ] 3 1 7
Denver borough
Drumore township. .
E. Donegal township,
E. Earl township
Elizabethtown borough,
Ephrata borough.
Fulton township,
Lancaster, Boys
Lancaster, Girls
Lititz borough
Little Britain township.
Manheim borough
Marietta borough
Mount Joy borough, ..
Paradise township
Quarryville borough, ..
1
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
"
s
oi
s
rt
1
i
-.
i
^
%
1
1
&
g
H
Name of Principal.
17
39
57
156
25
15
4
11
38
95
16
30
12
28
4
6
14
2fi
4
m
44R
! m
32(1
7
19
'i 2
5
15
17
1
4
17
»
8
??
36
fif
11
15
i 13
17
1 16
17
29
23
?.
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
6
9
8
''1
A
'.'.'.
1
'I
3ft
2
4
a
1
...
33
4
5
9
1
. . . i
52
1
«
4
1
1
20
3
3
1
...|
4!?
?.
4
fi
2
59
4
4
8
2
43
4
7
11
.1
1
174
19
19
3
2
278
46
46
2
V
30
3
2
5
1
2
54
4
11
15
1
52
2
3
5
1
1
45
3
6
1
1
71
1
7
S
2
42
6
15
1
29
6
4
10
1
3. Jackson.
C. E. Wilson.
Margaret Earia Mit-
chell.
J. G. McNulty.
L. M. Jones, Sigel.
Chas. W. Shaffer.
A. M. Hammers.
C. J. Scott.
J. F. Gibson, Brock-
wayville.
C. B. Carrier.
W. M. Jones, Rock-
dale.
W. C. Donnelly.
Clair N. Graybill.
Mifflin.
W A. Kelley.
H. B. Anthony, Peck-
ille.
D. Bryden.
C. B. Hauyen, Jr.
James P. Wilson.
C. F. Hoban.
Ralph M. Archibald.
Thomas P. Joyce,
Minooka.
W. E. Brown, Mos-
cow.
J. R. Miller.
James J. Powell.
Thos. F. Hanahue.
Albert H. TVells.
Ronald P. Gleason.
F. H. Greene, Clark's
Green.
John J. O'Hara.
Ralph Wood.
John J. Judge, Jes-
sup.
Alvin P. Wenger.
James D. Arnold.
Mary Y. Welsh.
H. S. Brinser, Bain-
bridge.
O n. Fogel.sanger.
Ira R. Kraybill.
A. S. Longehecker,
May town.
.In cob Tanger,
Hill.
John F. Kob.
H. E. Gehman.
Chas. E. Workman.
Peters Creek.
A. E Kraybill.
E M. Sparlin.
a. Herman Goetz.
John S. Simons.
B. P. He'ges.
John H. Shenok.
Geo. E. Mark-
I. S. Simons. Leaman
' Place.
H. D. Weller.
Terre
*Copied from last year's report.
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
527
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
i
8
S
1
i
1
a
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
i
i
1
1
i
1
B
rH
1
1
Name of Principal.
Strasburg borough 3
W. Earl township, ; 3
Lawrence County.
Ellwood City borough, .i 4
Enon Valley borough,..! 4
Hickory township, ..... 3
New Castle city 4
New Wilmington bor.,. 2
N. Beaver township, .. 4
Pulaski township • 3
Scott township, 4
Slippery Rock twp., ..I 3
l.,ebanon County.
Cornwall township, 3
Heidelberg township, . . 2
Jackson township 3
I^ebanon city 4
North Annville twp 2
South Annville twp., .. 2
VV. Cornwall township, . 3
Lehigh County.
Allentown city, 3
Catasauqua borough. .. 2
Coopersburg borough,.. 2
<:oi)lay borough, 2
Smaus borough 2
Fountain Hill borough, 2
Hokendauqua, Ind., .. 2
Salirturg township, ... 2
Slatiijgton borough, ... 4
White Hall township,.. 2
I.uzerne County.
Ashley borough, 3
Avoca borough 3
Dorroncet-Dn borough,.. 3
Duryea borough 4
Edwardsville borough,. 3
Exeter borough 2
Pairview township 2
Freeland borough 4
Hanover township 3
Hazle township 4
HazJeton city, 4
Kingston borough 3
Luzerne borough 3
Nanticoke borough 4
Nescopeck borough 3
Newport township 3
Parsons borough 2
E. Plymouth twp 4
Shickshinny borough, ..3
W. Pittston borough, .. 4
W. Wyoming borough..; 2
White Haven borough,. 3
Wilkes-Barre city : 4
Wyoming borough, _. ..; 3
Lycoming County. '■
Brown township 1 3
9
n
7
n
r,
10
412
54fi
9
23
29
7
7
42
5 7
12
1
1
2
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
21
34
4 6
2 .*...
....| 1
10
2
1
72
24
09
16 15
2 4
3.
6
30
16
2 ....
2 1
8 3
2
3
11
11 13
2 4
Dotter, Ann-
Wolfersberger,
Rachael Bean.
Roy S. McCulloch,
Millersville.
C. W. Cubbison.
J. R. Wright.
Wilson V. Grove.
G. A. Dickson.
S. K. Cunningham.
.J. L. Hazelett, Mt.
Jackson.
W. C Anderson.
W. R. Walton, New
Castle.
Ralph H. Gardner,
' Rose Point.
A. P. Weaver.
Alvin Binher.
P. L. Reber.
L. I. Loveland.
H. M. B. Lehn, Ann-
ville.
C. G.
ville.
R. P.
Bismark.
J. H. Schwartz.
H. J. Reinhard.
S. M. Smyser.
W. E. Musselman.
E: Elmer S^nsenig.
Chas. W. Fourl.
Gus E. Oswald.
M. J. Wertman, S.
Allentown.
Henrv D. Andreas.
P. H. Breinig, E.
Hokendaiiqua.
Geo. W Houck.
M. J. Tnnle.
David Wiant.
F. J. Regan.
.Tames O. Herman.
E. J. Sullivan. Wil-
kes-Barre.
O. D. Coughlin, Moun-
tain Top.
Thos. M. Farquhar.
F. W. Nyhart, Wilkes-
Earre.
M. W. Garrette, Haz-
leton.
J. Donald Geist.
Geo. E. Evans.
T. G. Osborne.
A. P. Diffendafer.
Chas. A. Goss.
Geo. "W. Coxe, Wa-
namie.
John C. Hart.
D J. Cray. Wilkes-
Barre.
Harry M. Pers'ng.
L. P. Bierlv. 227 Del.
ave., Pittston.
Willnrd Alliner.
M. G. Read'nger.
J. P. Breidinger.
R. W. Williams.
528
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
^
d
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
•3
.
_g
'-'
c
5fi
si
s
5
s
1
■3
1
■s
u
1
S
oi
-:
s
1
OS
1
i
Name of Principal.
Hughesville borough, . .
Jersey Shore borough,..
Mclntyre township
Montgomery borough, .
Montoursville borough, .
Muncy borough,
Picture Rocks borough,
S. Williamsport bor., ..
Williamsport city
McKean County.
Bradford city,
Eldred borough, ...
Foster township, ...
Kane borough
Mt. Jewitt borough,
Port Allegheny bor.
Smethport borough, .
Mercer County.
Greenville borough, .
Grove City borough,
Jamestown borough,
Lackawannock twp..
Mercer borough
Sandy Lake borough,
Sharon borough
Stoneboro borough, .
Mifflin County.
Armagh township.
Brown township, 4
McVeytown borough,
Menno township,* .
Union township,
Monroe County.
Coolbaugh township, ,
E. Stroudsburg bor.,.
Montgomery County.
Abington township, ..
Ambler borough ,
Bridgeport borough, .,
Cheltenham township
Collegeville borough, ,
Conshohocken borough,
E. Greenville borough
Hatfield borough, ...
Jenkintown borough,
Lansdale borough, . . .
Lower Merion twp., .
Moreland township, .
Narberth borough, ...
Norristown borough,
N. Wales borough, ..
Pennsburg borough, ..
Plymouth township, .
Pottstown borough, . .
Royersford borough, .
Souderton borough, ..
Upper Gwynedd twp.,
3
10
4
10
3
9
3
10
3
9
1
9
4
10
10
4
10
3
10
1
10
4
10
4
H'/,
3
9
3
10
4
10
4
9
•^
9
^
9
23
30
S'<i
100
IX
30
m
16
21
■M
42
40
IK
15
15
192
265
15R
?5Z
32
34
5
I.
103 156
311 49
78 ; 114
48 81
3
3
P
1
7
20
27
2
1
1
2
3
5
2
5
7
2
fi
7
13
2
4
3
V
1
1
?,
»
2
21
43
64
6
?.9
51
80
7
3
^
S
1
3
3
1
7
17
24
2
1
1
2
10
12
3
8
11
1
3
22
25
3
34 ....
24' 1:
19 32 3 5 8
15 31 2 3 5
89 159 2 11 13
19 23 1 7 i 8
11 21
3 3
3' 6
3 3
5 I 8
2 8
10 I 8
2! 5
6; 14
2 4
3 6
2 ! 3
12; 15
10 1 15
1'....
!
2 ....
1 ....
J. G. Dundore.
H. H. Weber.
J. J. Behney.
W. E. Schnee.
W. A. Kohler.
Harris A. Spotts.
Geo. A. Ferrell.
Chester B. Penn.
P. M. Bullard.
M. D. Morris.
C. W. Lillibridge.
Bert Montgomery,
Foster City.
John A. Yanny.
H. W. Willier.
H. M. Wilson.
T. T. Allen.
J. J. Palmer.
E. B. Smathers.
Wm. D. Gamble.
F. Judson Sewall, New
Wilmington.
Wm. D. Gamble.
Chas. L. Bartz.
O. W. Raney.
Malcolm M. Simons.
Geo. T. Cooper, Lewis-
town.
Raymond M. Freed,
Reedsville.
M. C. Swigart.
S. Lena Detweller,
Belleville.
C. E. Roundabush
Belleville.
Jacob Hill,
hanna.
R. M. Van Horn
E. L. Fiack.
Warren R. Rahn.
W. W. Lehman.
M. T. Ziegler.
Bertlia Moser.
E. B. Ziegler.
A. W. Zerlee.
C. C. Berger.
Wilmer K. Grnff.
H. S. Gottshall.
Chas. W. Hobbs,
more.
Harry H. Fox.
Gerald Gordon.
A. D. Eisenhower.
B. A. Kline.
M. N. Huttel.
W. R. Hartzell, Nor-
ristown.
W. E. Pollison.
J. L. Eisenbeig.
M. N. Huttel.
Harry E. Barndt,
West Pointi
Ard-
*CopIed from last year's report.
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
529
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
i
a
2
t
1
t
a
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
S
1
s
1
1
1
rt
g
1
1
1
i
Name of Principal.
W. Conshohoclien bor
W. Pottsgrove twp.,
Wliitpain townsliip,
Montour County.
Danville borough, ...
Northampton County
Alliance borough.
Bangor borough, ...
Bethlehem borough,
Easton city^
E Bangor borough,
Hellertown borough,
Lehigh township, ...
Nazareth borough.
Pen Argyl borough
Portland borough,
Saucon, Lower, twp.,
S. Bethlehem borough,
Northumberland Cou'y.
Coal township
Zerbe township
Perry County.
Liverpool borough, .
Marysville borough,
Millerstown borough,
Newport borough, ..
Philadelphia County
Central Man. Train.,
Boys.
N. E. Man. Train.,
Boys.
N. E. Cor. Broad and
Green, Boys.
Commercial, Girls
17th & Spring Garden
Sts., Girls.
Pike County.
Delaware township, ...
Milford. Ind.
Westfall township,* ...
Potter County.
Austin borough
Coudersport borough, ..
1
3
4
1
1
1
3
1
■
13
14
27
6
6
2
J
9
16
4
....
10 I 15
9 22 38 60 1
9 ' 15 i 20 35; 2
10 11: 6 17 1....;
142 1 U HI 22
Delaware township, ..2 7
E. Chillisquaque twp.,. 3 8
McEwensville borough, ... 7
Milton borough, 4 9
Mt. Carmel borough,.. 3 9
Northumberland bor.,.. 4 9
Ralpho township 3 7
Shamokin borough, ... 4 9
Sunbury borough 4 9
Turbotville borough, ..4 8
Watsontown borough, . 4 8
West Chillisquaque twp. 3 7
8 10
8 7
8 ; 17
81/2 25
10 648
10 828
10 2,35o'
68 7 9
22 1 1
15 1 2
12
125 10 14
9 111
69
9 11
648 119 .... 119
828 158 .... 158
2,350 187 ... I 187
10 I , 1,613 1,613 .... 299 299
10 2,307 2,307 .... 250 250
1; Titus J. Steltz.
IjE. F. Wade, Stowe.
■ W. D. Beyer, Blue
Bell.
John W. Taylor.
W. D. Landis, Sieg-
fried.
R. S. Wagner.
J. B. Geissingcr.
Wm. A. .Tones.
William S. Lesh.
A. I. Reinhard.
Q. A. Kuehner, Wal-
nutport.
Howard E. Shimer.
Nicholas M. Male.
Ira L. Kinney.
Howard Mitman, Hel-
lertown.
M. Alton Richards.
S. C. Tocum, Sha-
mokin.
Geo. F. Bailets, Mif-
flinville.
Charles R. Myers,
Pottsgrove.
H. E. Fegley.
A. B. Wallize.
C. D. Oberdorf.
Lindley H. Dennis.
Eugene K. Richard,
Elysburg.
.T. W. Alexander.
H. N. ron.ser.
R. E. Shannon, Jr.
W. L. Leopold.
S. Irvine Shortess,
Milton.
Charles I. Boyer.
F. A. Hamilton.
ID. A. Kline.
1 Jesse F. Troutman.
2 A. L. Eby.
2i|Wm. L. Sayre, 17th &
."tt^ood Sts.
35 Andrew J. Morrison.
71 Robert Elis Thompson.
47 Emilv L. Graham.
83 W. W. Birdsall.
? Allen W. Jones, I
man's Ferry.
1;A. W. Marvin.
1 R. Lee Saunders.
•Copied from last year's report.
34_6_1906 ■
530
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
>>
i
1
Enrollment
Graduates.
Teachers.
1
1
E
1
i
8
E
1
E
i
Name of Principal.
Davidson township, ...
Forksville boroiig-h. ..
Hills Grove township,
La Porte borough
Susauehanna Tounty.
Brooklyn township, ...
Harford township
Herrick township
Montrose borough
Rprinfiville township
Susquehanna borough.
Thompson borough, ...
Tioga rounty.
Bloss township
Blossburg borough,
Elkland borough, ,
Galeton borough j 3 i 9 18
Harrison township ] 4 ! 8 27
Lewisville borough, ..I 4 I 81/2 18
Oswayo borough 2 8 2
Roulette township 3 8 10
Stewardson township, .48 28
Scliuylkill County.
Ashland borough, ^3 | 9 35
Auburn borough, 3,9 7
Branch township 3 10 21 1
(
Cass township 2 10 j 9
Cressona borough 3 9 I 18
Delano township 3 9 | 14
Frackville borough, ... 4 ; 9 , 22
Frailey township 4 9
I I
Glrardville borough, ... 3 ; 9 27
Gordon borough 3 i 9 19
Hegins township 4 7
Mahanoy City bor 4 9 ! 64
Mlnersville borough, ... 4 9 • 35
Orwigsburg borough, ..4 9 I 22
Pinegrove borough, ... 4 9 ! 18
Port Carbon borough,.. 4 9 12
Porter township 3 9 9
Pottsvllle borough 4 10 80
Rahn township 3 10 1 15
Shenandoah borough, ..:4 9 | 44
Tamaqua borough :4 %Vz\ 32
Tower City borough, .. 1 4 9 24
Tremont borough 4 9 24
Union township, 3 7 20
Yorkville borough 3 10 26
Snyder County.
Middleburg borough, .. 4
Selinsgrove borough. .. 4
Washington township, . 2
Somerset County.
Myersdale borough,
Sullivan County.
Therry township, ...
Colley township
24
7
8
8
37
8
8
12
4
8
13
8
8
8
20
13
R
R
7
33
14
4
7
9
7
06
4
1;
sy^
5
9
8
40
24
6
3
1
2
1
2
2
1
5
7
1
1
....
16
36
5
4
g
64
133
2
2
4
16
29
....
3?.
65
5
4
9
17
31
3
3
6
7
11
1
2
3
72
138
7
9
16
5
9
'>3
34
1
2
R
10
20
2
2
26
31
1
1
2
51
91
-)(
5
7
24
48
3
2
5
Leon D. Taggart.
R. O. Weffling, Har-
rison Valley.
Delbert E. Hall, Uly-
sses.
J. Milton Lord.
A. B. Benn.
J. Widdowson, Cross
Fork.
T. E. Garber.
C. A. Ritter.
M. "W. Metzger, Lie-
wllyn.
M. C. Butler, Mlners-
ville.
J. E. Sones.
J. M. Schrope.
Jane Dingle.
E. J. Henninger.
Donaldson.
P. H. Monaghan.
N. M Frank.
Edward W. Taylor.
Chas. E. Hower.
W. G. Jones.
P. W. M. Pressel.
J. J. Kehler, Jr.
6. 'W. Channel!.
H. M. Rickert, Rein-
ertown.
S. A. Thurlow.
Joseph Daley.
L. B. Edwards.
J. F. Derr.
E. B. Jenkyn.
Ira S, Wolcott.
I. G. Miller,
town.
M. F. Fitzpatrick.
Ring-
T. A. Stetler.
S. M. Smyser.
Geo. F. Dunkleberger,
Freebuig.
F. G. Masters.
Jas. A. Bowles.
Harry R. Henning,
Lopez.
.T. H. Ballentine,
Sonestown.
D. Merritt Fliok.
.T. Robert Molyne^iux.
Francis F. Shoemaker.
E. B. Brooklyn.
F. D. V,nn Orsdale.
W. E. Moss?r, Her-
rick Center.
E. W. Sipple.
Eugene J. States.
Horace W. B. Smith.
Mary A. Donovan.
Albert Woomer,
Snyders
E. Ti. Taylor.
2 H. F. Walker.
No. e.
STATISTICS.
S31
TABULAR STATEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
c
i
1
c
1
Enrollment.
Graduates.
Teachers.
1
1
■3
d
s
1
S
fe
3
&
Name of Principal.
Knoxville borough
Wellsboro borough, ...
Westfield borough
Lawrenceville borough,
Union County.
Hartley township
Lewis township,
Venango County.
Cooperstown borough, .
Cornplanter township,
Emlenton borough, ...
Franklin city
Oakland township
Oil City city
Pleasantvilla borough, .
Richland township, ...
Rockland township, ..
Rousevllle borough, ...
Siverly borough
Sugar Creek township,.
Utica borough,
Warren County.
Brokenstraw township,
Columbus borough, ..
Conewango townsliip.
Corydon township,
Freehold township,
Glade township
Kinzua township
Pine Grove township, .
Sheffield township
Sugar Grove township,
Tidioute borough
Warren borough
Youngsville borough, ..
Washington County.
Canonsburg borough,
Cecil township
Charlerol borough, ...
Claysville, Ind.,
Cross Creek township, .
Donora borough
Independence township.
McDonald borough, ...
Monongahela City bor.
Morris township
Mt. Pleasant township,
North Strabane twp. , .
Peters township,
Robinson township, . . .
Washington borough, ,
53; 68' 2 9 1 11
10l>! 2(J3| 17! 181 35
41 j 67 6 9 15
16 n....\ Z 3
16 41
150 232
15 30
259 412
24 40
5 . 10
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2 4
13 15
6 8
1
3
4
1
1
2
1
1
4
7
Charles E. Diet
H. E. Raesly.
J. B. Southard.
J. G. March.
J. Y. Shambach, Wil-
cox.
Wm. W. Spigelniver,
Millmont.
Chas. F. Dewire.
Geo. S. Rentz.
Mabel McClaughry.
L. H. Pefter, Frank-
lin.
W. O. Woodring.
N. P. Kinsley.
H. A. Carmichael,
Dempseytown.
F. J. Turnbull.
L. E. Cross.
Edward B. Lesh, Em-
lenton.
Jas. S. Morrow.
F. E. Slicker.
John F. McArthur.
M. C. Harner.
J. W. Strong.
Frank Helnaman,
Lancaster.
E. L. Monroe.
Clyde S. Knapp, N.
Warren.
C. T. Bryan.
C. W. Hunt, Cam-
bridge Springs.
Robert B. Kelley.
K. A. Krantz.
C. C. Burch, James-
town. N. Y.
A. W. Mumford.
W. W. StaufCer.
C. M. Freeman.
Fred. Leroy Homer.
George M. Barker.
g F. W. McVay.
- Chas. H. Russell,
„l Bishop.
2 W. D. Wright.
-Louis F. Lutton.
r W. E. Cozins.
.r. D. Boydston.
R. A. Henderson,
Markle.
r. C. Caldwell.
r. H. Wolford.
C. Reed Bane, Pros-
perity.
J. E. McConagha,
Hickory.
H. H. Wilson, Can-
onsburg.
H. S. Kuder, C inons-
burg.
J. G. Bingham. Bul-
ger.
Geo. B. McKray.
532
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE HIGH SCHOOL FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
s
Enrollment.
Graduates.
Teachers.
1
f
m
Si
HI
w
H
1
1
■3
1
s
1
1
d
1
1
Name of Principal.
Wayne County.
Buckingham township.
Clinton township,
Damascus township,
Dreher township, . .
Hawley borough, . .
Honesdale borough,
Lake township
Lehigh township, ...
Mt. Pleasant township, 3
Preston township I 3
Texas township.
Westmoreland County.
Derry borough
E. Huntingdon twp., .
Greensburg borough, .
Irwin borough
Jeannette borough, ...
Latrobe borough
Ligonier borough
Monessen borough, ...
Mt. Pleasant borough,
Mt. Pleasant twp., ..
New Kensington bor.,
Parnassus borough, ..
Scottdale borough, ...
Vandergrift borough, .
W. Newton borough, .
Wyoming County.
Laceyville borough
Meshoppen borough, ..
Monroe township
Noxen township
Tunkhannock borough,
York County.
Codorus township
Dallastown borough, ..
Delta borough
Dillsburg borough,
Hanover borough
North York borough,..
Red Lion borough
Wrightsville borough, .
York city
York Haven borough,..
80
108
13
16
lU
10
2S.
44
2ti
31
4
5
IS
..!
19
18
fin
79
49
64
13
hV
»1
54
fi
17
34
44 i
14
20
7
10
1«
351
11
15
2S
59
21
37
19
39
18
27
17
48
7
20
5
IK
32
40
34
17
17
8
IB
16
11
14
42
50
g
18
19
15
?R
199
247
21
I'....
1 1
1 ....
1 ....
2 1
New-
R. G. Jolly, Lake
Como.
W. S. Haldeman, Al-
denville.
W. T. Dietrick.
H. S. Schneider,
foundland.
Mark Creasy.
H. A. O'Day.
M. M. Fryer, Ariel .
Chas. Transue, Goulds-
boro.
P. Grace Shaffer.
J. I. Henshaw, Win-
wood.
P, J. Merrick, Hones-
dale.
James C. Bryson.
W. J. Latimer, Alver-
ton.
Frank E. Baker.
P. D. Blair.
B. S. Fox.
Arthur C. Klock.
Chas. M. Shoup.
John H. Adams.
H. D. Hoffman.
L. M. Christner.
A. D. Horton.
W. G. Dugan.
Edgar Reed.
C. C. Patterson.
John S. Hart.
C. G. Keller.
G. B. Crump.
John E. Morgan.
H. Stanley Doll.
Isaac T. Kepperley.
E. M. Stahl.
Palmer Diehl.
Le Roy A. King.
John H. Myers.
J. E. Bahn.
S. A. Conwav.
W. W. Stauffer.
E. U. Aumiller.
C. B. Pennypacker.
J. F. Krebs, Saginaw.
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
NUMBER OF PERMANENT CERTIFICATES ISSUED FROM JUNE 1.
TO JUNE 1. 1906.
Allegheny, ..
Armstrong, .
Bedford
Berks
Blair,
Bradford, ...
Bucks,
Butler,
Cambria, ...
Carbon ,
Centre,
Chester
Clarion
Crawford, ...
Dauphin
Delaware, ...
Erie
Fayette,
Franklin, ...
Fulton
Greene,
Huntingdon,
Indiana, ...
Juniata
Lackawanna,
Lancaster, .
Lawrence,
Lebanon
Lehigh
Luzerne,
Lycoming
McKean,
Mercer
Mifflin
Monroe, ...'
Montgomery, ..,
Northampton, .,
Northumberland,
Pike,
Potter,
Snyder,
Somerset,
Susquehanna, .
Union,
Warren,
Washington, ...
Wayne
Westmoreland,
Wyoming,
Total,
bU
1905
PERMANENT CERTIFICATE COMMITTEES.
ADAMS COUNTY. BLAIR COUNTY
Daniel Ruff, New Oxford. John M. Kyle, Duncansville
W. A. Bengoon, Littlestown.
Anna M. Hake, Gettysburg.
E. S. Kagarise, Martinsburg.
Estelle Reed, Hollidaysburg.
ALLEGHENY COUNTY.
C. C. Kelso, Sharpsburg.
W. C. Graham, Wilkinsburg.
Mary J. Marshall, Pittsburg.
BRADFORD COUNTY.
I. T. Setler, Sayre.
Wm. M. Denison, Troy.
J. H. Humphries, Towanda.
ARMSTRONG COUNTY.
F. D. Neal, Leechburg.
Ella Srader, Freeport.
E. R. Wolfe, Neal.
BUCKS COUNTY.
Louise D. Baggs, Bristol.
Guy E. Albert, Chalfont.
Ella Weinberger, Doylestown.
BEAVER COUNTY.
W. C. Stephens, Hookstown.
Margaret Nair, Beaver Falls.
Mary J. Cook, Beaver.
BUTLER COUNTY.
L. F. Hall, Butler.
W. H. Orr, Petrolia.
Ruth Braham, Harrisville.
BEDFORD COUNTY.
E. S. Rice, Schellsburg.
H. L. Rhinehart, Everett.
Anna Knight, Hopewell.
CAMBRIA COUNTY.
M. S. Bentz, So. Fork.
Carrie Daley, Ebensburg.
B. I. Myers, Patton.
BERKS COUNTY.
Frank O. Hartman, Sinking Spring.
A. M. Dietrick, Shillington.
Cora A. Richards, Maxatawny.
CAMERON COUNTY.
Lillian Heilman, Emporium.
John Schwab, Cameron.
Nettie Moore, Emporium.
534 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
CARBON COUNTY. DELAWARE COUNTY.
C. S. Felmlee, Weissport.
E. W. Romberger, Mauch Chunk.
Lillie Davis, Weatherly.
Margaret E. Hynson, Darby.
A. F. K. Krout, Glcnolden.
Samuel C. Miller, Norwood.
CENTRE COUNTY.
J. E. Wagner, Belief onte.
W. P. Hosterman, Fenn Hall.
C. D. Koch, Phillpsburg.
ELK COUNTY.
M. A. Hallahan, Portland Mills.
.T. J. Lynch, St. Marys.
Margaret M. Murphy, Johnsonbui
CHESTER COUNTY.
Rebecca R. Liggett, West Chester.
Thomas A. Bock, Spring City.
Elmer E. Hess, Coatesville.
ERIE COUNTY.
James Burns, Erie.
Virgil Henry, W. Springfield.
S. C. Humes, Union City.
CLARION COUNTY.
J. V/. Rutherford, Callensburg.
Zoe Himes, Clarion.
Anna Graham, Clarion.
FAYETTE COUNTY.
L. G. Chorpenning, Fairchance.
Thomas H. Means, Percy.
Clara E. Smith, Uniontown.
CLEARFIELD COUNTY.
H. E. Ward, Clearfield.
.7. E. Radebach, Houtzdale.
Vina Sweeney, vDu Bois.
FOREST COUNTY.
May Whaley, Endeavor.
Blanche Pease, Tionesta.
J. O. Carson, Tionesia.
CLINTON COUNTY.
D. M. Brungard, Lock Haven.
Therese Dieffenbach, Renovo.
John C. Smith, Greenburr.
FRANKLIN COUNTY.
W. H. Hockenberry, Chambersburg.
L. E. Smith, Greencastle.
Dessie Hollinger, Waynesboro.
COLUMBIA COUNTY.
L. P. Sterner, Bloomsburg.
Harlan Snyder, Berwick.
Ida C. Rinker, Bloomsburg.
FULTON COUNTY.
Emery Thomas McConnellsburg.
H. M. Griffith, Wells Tannery.
Minnie Mack, McConnellsburg.
CRAWFORD COUNTY.
GREENE COUNTY.
C. F. Chamberlain, Cambridge Springs. O. E. Rose, Clarksville.
Idell Kingsley, Mcadvillc. H. Y. Murray, Alejjpo.
Clinton M. Dickey, Hartstown. Lucetta Burns, Waynesburg.
CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
McClelland Goodhart, Dickinson.
James E. Carothers, Carlisle.
H. B. Markley, Mechanicsburg.
HUNTINGDON COUNTY.
M. B. Wright, Spruce Creek.
Sally L. Livingston, Huntingdon.
W. I. Ricker, Huntingdon.
DAUPHIN COUNTY.
Katharine Smith, Millersburg.
H. B. Garver, Middletown.
Nora Grouse, Steelton.
INDIANA COUNTY.
C. A. Cam'pbell, Armagh.
Mary McCormick, Blairsville.
Ernest Work, Indiana.
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
535
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
S. E. Downs, Brookville.
C. E. Wilson, Broc.-kwayville.
A. M. Hammers, Pui\xsutawney.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
Geo. A. Leopold, Lewistown.
Bei'tha Wilson, McVeytown.
Lawrence Ruble, McVeytown.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
W. C. Donnelly, Mifflin town.
Clair N. Graybill, Mifflin.
E. Maude Robinson, Waterloo.
MONROE COUNTY.
Nelson A. Frantz, Stroudsburg.
Mary Shaw. Del. XA^ater Gap.
Mabel Kurtz, East Stroudsburg.
LACKAWANNA COUNTY.
John E. Williams, Olyphant.
Dayton Ellis, Dunmore.
Flora Tinkham, Waverly.
^MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Florence Sickle, Ablngton.
Warren R. Rhan, Anibler.
Carrie E. Niblo, Conshohocken.
LANCASTER COUNTY.
H. E. Gehman, Ephrata.
A. S. Longenecker, Maytown.
Anna K. Miller, Millorsville.
MONTOUR COUNTY.
Miles J. Derr, Milton.
Elmer Schnure, Milton.
Pearl Crossley Danville.
LAWRENCE COUNTY.
W. A. Moore, New Castle.
Geo. C. Thompson, New Castle.
James Hughes, New Castle.
NORTHAMT^TON COUNTY.
John Geisinger, Bethlehem.
M. Ellen Bender, E. Bangor.
William S. Gruver, Easton.
LEBANON COUNTY.
J. J. Behney, Lebanon.
Emma M. Schmauk, Lebanon.
Alvin Brinner, Schaefferstown.
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY.
Lindley Dennis, Trevorton.
W. L. Leopold, Watsontown.
H. N. Conser, Sunbury.
LEHIGH COUNTY.
Gustave E. Oswald, HokendauquE
J. P. Deibert, Scimecksville.
P. P. Mohr, Fogelsville.
PERRY COUNTY.
G. C. Palm, Loysville.
Martha Rife, Duncannon.
Margaret McKee, New Bloomfield.
LUZERNE COUNTY.
D. J. Cray, WilkesBarre.
T. G. Osborne, Luzerne.
Geo. Evans, Kingston.
LYCOMING COUNTY.
Harris A. Spotts, Mur.cy.
J. G. Dundore, Hughesville.
H. H. Weber, Jersey Shore.
PIKE COUNTY.
D. H. Hornbeck, Milford.
A. W. Marvin, Milford.
Minnie A. Van Akin, Matamorar
POTTER COUNTY.
N. P. Benson, Austin.
E. B. Hillman, Shingle House.
Laura Marsh, Coudersport.
McKEAN COUNTY.
H. M. Wilson, Port Allegany.
T. F. Driscoll, Bradford.
Emma Tretton, Smethport.
SCHUYLKILL COUNTY.
Edward O'Donnell, Girardville.
•Thomas L. Jones, St. Clair.
William Jones, Minersville.
MERCER COUNTY.
Margaret Brown, Greenville.
Lee Minner, Sharpsville.
C. B. Smathers, Grove City.
36
SNYDER COUNTY.
John H. Willis, Middleburg.
Thomas G. Herrold, Port Treverton.
Jennie Miller, Selins Grove.
536 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Oft. Doc.
SOMERSET COUNTY. YORK COUNTY.
C. L. Spencer, Sca'p Level.
W. H. Kretchman, Myersdale.
Mildred Bills, Somerset.
F. W. Porter, York.
J. M. Wilson, Stevvartstown.
J. H. Myers, Dillsburg.
SULLIVAN COUNTY.
G. Antonette Lancaster, Forksville.
Jessie Wiede, La Forte.
J. M. Strohl, La Porte.
ALLEGHENY CITY.
Mrs. Olive S. Graebing, Allegheny.
H. W. Golden, Allegheny.
Geo. A. Spindler, Allegheny.
SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY.
Ernest Sipple, Montrose.
Teresa Kelley, Montrose.
Chas. T. Thorpe, Great Bend.
ALLENTOWN CITY.
Carie E. Koons, Allentown.
James F. Kressler, Allentown.
Clara M. Balliet, Allentown.
TIOGA COUNTY.
H. E. Raesly, Wellsboro.
H. F. Walker, Elklaud.
Mrs. Jennie F. Avery, Mansfield.
ALTOONA CITY.
Geo. D. Robb, Altoona.
J. A. Stewart, Altoona.
N. Cora Williams, Altoona.
UNION COUNTY.
W. W. Spigelmyer, Millmont.
W. W. Ridge, Cowan.
Elbina L. Bender, Lewisburg.
CARBONDALE CITY.
A. Wilson Geary, Carbondale.
Janet Bryden, Carbondale.
Anna Berry, Carbondale.
VENANGO COUNTY.
M. C. Harner, Franklin.
S. C. Hays, Oil City.
W. G. Ladds, Frankiin.
CHESTER CITY.
J. G. E. Smedley, Chester.
Caroline Jackson, Chester.
Florence Williams, Chester.
WARREN COUNTY.
C. M. Freeman, Tidioute.
Claribelle Wilkins, Warren.
E. L. Monroe, Columbus.
HARRISBURG CITY.
John J. Brehm, Harrisburg.
Elizabeth S. Knox, Harrisburg.
Lile George, Harrisburg.
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
F. W. McVay, Canonsburg.
Anna M. Andrews, McDonald.
W. H. McElree, Washington.
HAZLBTON CITY.
J. Donald Geist, Hazleton.
Wilbur H. Fleck, Hazleton.
Kate Cannon, Hazleton.
WAYNE COUNTY.
Harry A. Oday, Honesdale.
E. E. Kinsman, Seelyville.
F. Grace Shaffer, Pleasant Mount.
JOHNSTOWN CITY.
W. F. Long, Johnstown.
R. S. Myers, Johnstown.
Vida E. Yoder, Johnstown.
WESTMORELAND COUNTY.
J. L. Spigel, Arnold.
P. D. Blair, Irwin.
Vinnie Knappenberger, Greensburg.
LANCASTER CITY.
Mary Martin, Lancaster.
Mary Cooper, Lancaster.
Frank Shibley, Lancaster.
WYOMING COUNTY.
Harry Wildrick, Centremoreland.
Mary E. Walter, Tunkhannock.
F. H. Taylor, West Auburn.
McKEESPORT CITY-
F. N. Frits, McKeesport.
Jennie Jones, McKtiesport.
Carrie M. Spear, McKeesport.
No.
STATISTICS.
537
OIL, CITY.
R. A. Baum, Oil City.
Cecilia B. O'Neil, Oil City.
Julia Alder, Oil City.
SCRANTON CITY.
Rachel Jones, Scranton.
Mary A. Doyle, Scranton.
Mary Fitz Gibbon, Scranton.
PITTSBURG CITY.
A. L. Hope, Pittsburg.
Frelin J. McKnight, Pittsburg.
G. M. Parker, Pittsburg.
WILKES-BARRE CITY.
Clarence Smith, Wilkes-Barre.
J. P. Breidinger, Wiikes-Barre.
John Kenny, Wilkes-Barre.
READING CITY.
Almira J. Wobensmith, Reading.
Arthur T. Chapin, Reading.
Louis Werner, Reading,
WILLIAMSPORT CITY.
D. J. Ulmer, WilHamsport.
H. A. Ulrick, Williamsport.
S. W. Furst, Williamsport.
53S
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PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
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STATISTICS.
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550
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
STATEMENT SHOWING THE CONDITION AND WORKING OF THE SYS
SUPERINTENDENTS FOR THE
Houses.
Counties.
i
s:
"S
E
s
£
8
1
•s
B
3
1
ClJ
1
Is
Ig
11
III
'3
tMf:
I
ll
£§
1"^
11
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li
Adams 170
Allegheny 404
Armstrong 265
Beaver 167
Bedford 264
Berks 411
Blair 159
Bradford 37S
Bucks 213
Butler, 256
Cambria 267
Cameron, 38
Carbon 97
Centre 213
Chester 294
Clarion 210
Clearfield 322
Clinton 114
Columbia 168
Crawford 325
Cumberland, 186
Dauphin, 194
Delaware, 94
Elk. 107
Erie 254
Fayette 336
Forest 75
Franklin 232
Fulton 79
Greene 205
Huntingdon 202
Indiana 266
Jefferson 220
Juniata 57
Lackawanna, 125
Lancaster 468
Lawrence 136
Lebanon 159
Lehigh 202
Luzerne 305
Lycoming 240
McKean 157
Mercer, 240
Mifflin 88
Monroe 113
Montgomery 236
Montour 4P
Northampton 204
Northumberland 159
Perry 157
Pike 67
Potter 165
Schuylkill, 296
Snyder 102
Somerset 280
Sullivan 84
Susquehanna 243
Tioga 304
Union 81
Venango 189
Warren 196
Washington 361
Wayne 178
Westmoreland 466
Wyoming 114
York 414
Total (county) 13,857!
197
9,638
2
162
191
1,321
20
396
1,241
371
16,471
4
243
342
15
258
11,460
4
2
105
140
9
334
13,666
1
244
334
1
555
22,170
1
4
391
527
10
245
12,121
7
148
245
20
516
17,808
2
320
459
8
367
300
14,110
6
. 3
227
246
8
436
20,979
30
230
357
28
58
2,052
1
2
57
4
215
10,384
4
79
202
1
14,244
8
6
163
296
6
415
16,84]
10
2
291
409
9
262
10.115
3
198
227
4
471
22,795
1
2
444
6,256
5
1
111
161
5
287
10,304
2
5
161
287
13
394
14,426
317
389
4
254
11,870
181
248
2
282
14,199
2
•172
267
287
2,611
2
4
94
264 •
17
230
9,845
5
4
102
214
12
342
10,794
2
256
343
11
666
30,456
14
15
298
544
48
101
3.334
10
72
90
6
295
13.878
2
232
295
1
84
4
65
240
10,682
1
5
238
3
247
9,990
7
2
179
238
3
347
13,935
5
227
323
8
351
18,015
8
5
216
351
5
lis
5,745
95
115
2
264
10,762
16
2
96
244
21
604
30,810
5
458
604
19
186
8,136
2
1
132
171
239
11,118
2
158
235
7
325
15,766
4
201
321
9
729
37,810
6
9
287
723
17
324
15,231
3
4
196
315
13
258
7,375
1
119
255
318
13,457
3
234
314
8
146
8,280
3
1
76
145
5
151
5,263
5
112
149
2
426
19,491
1
1
256
415
47
2,165
46
38
311
10,488
3
1
190
304
12
232
9,022
21
2
154
207
4
192
192
192
2,676
60
72
2
252
9,408
1
2
94
247
8
591
29,550
5
5
255
556
18
128
5,870
2
97
125
2
389
17, ISO
28
9
235
333
18
106
3.601
4
71
105
2
316
7.485
6
227
310
408
15,024
1
204
327
4
106
5,350
1
76
104
3
246
9,635
178
227
2
337
12,779
7
196
316
10
671
32,610
17
312
671
17
229
8,634
2
3
113
223
1
35,700
3
8
463
822
20
152
5,392
103
504
26,647
9
2
273
493
6
10,379
836,774
246
218
12,349
19,646
501
No. 6.
STATISTICS.
551
TEM AS EXHIBITED BY THE ANNUAL, STATISTICAL REPORTS OF
SCHOOL YEAR ENDING JUNE 4, 1906.
Schools.
Examinations.
Teachers.
1
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1
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2
£
2
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15
108
10
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85
114
28
30
84
234
198
57
6
423
26
92
146
1,170
368
29
368
9
18
345
12
93
119
252
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'i4t
242
103
244
8
6
193
61
52
200
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38
83
334
31
332
15
21
278
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137
163
189
26
65
129
520
130
508
23
18
131
106
317
203
28
97
288
245
27
243
47
21
211
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35
70
176
27
35
83
462
200
370
201
14
276
24
67
88
385
25
58
197
367
155
24
11
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28
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287
312
66
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19
29
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92
221
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63
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228
121
12
25
311
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122
315
24
48
203
57
22
11
12
5
31
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14
10
48
25
8
25
204
151
127
26
12
114
5
18
75
134
26
27
116
294
145
293
133
33
333
18
142
136
158
26
60
119
414
279
414
2S
4S
372
27
166
262
22
251
46
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85
179
25
56
95
463
202
442
28
30
355
5
137
113
358
27
64
176
158
68
157
63
9
67
39
40
118
26
23
75
265
134
254
22
11
38
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30
82
195
26
61
142
392
392
360
30
34
242
46
110
123
272
25
73
125
251
105
251
64
10
7
21
109
142
27
44
m
277
142
265
84
18
140
2
40
130
153
23
58
135
252
218
252
62
9
59
4
10
16
248
29
22
159
216
159
211
58
14
78
7
31
39
177
27
14
140
343
343
343
49
17
235
45
78
68
271
25
92
128
638
399
633
29
21
588
5
174
190
458
25
94
207
98
35
58
20
20
123
8
20
21
77
23
27
22
295
295
295
4
17
120
29
138
157
28
49
166
84
7
84
5
12
90
4
6
44
41
25
17
32
237
14
187
2
19
222
6
69
116
122
25
51
90
227
52
227
102
30
200
2
9S
107
123
28
43
91
340
115
343
78
26
272
122
127
214
23
82
88
350
42
350
17
12
245
73
8
95
255
23
107
112
112
83
14
74
10
37
54
58
27
14
59
252
38
111
16
5
58
10
24
38
234
27
41
128
604
224
604
74
21
304
16
42
242
364
25
87
335
182
66
180
80
6
197
11
26
51
133
28
23
59
228
110
228
11
9
101
28
145
87
27
38
140
321
178
321
131
16
120
8
36
168
153
27
42
186
724
613
456
43
20
332
44
133
123
608
25
87
402
309
118
301
129
16
221
21
19
119
198
23
65
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260'
260
260
20
12
56
34
50
24
236
26
33
93
314
95
314
22
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294
94
88
226
24
58
85
142
71
142
16
16
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50
96
18
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149
46
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8
66
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22
26
61
417
256
419
249
14
165
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43
126
295
28
53
299
47
47
7
25
3
16
20
28
27
20
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16
101
50
173
132
27
51
160
220
94
186
80
18
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121
26
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94
192
54
192
11
13
134
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62
104
89
25
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88
73
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73
5
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208
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163
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318
128
40
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71
18
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51
80
47
27
15
68
385
146
361
28
19
416
18
149
177
217
22
76
116
105
21
48
10
19
74
10
27
31
74
24
26
37
298
96
203
51
12
201
7
86
46
253
22
52
117
361
143
345
137
13
190
7
129
67
294
26
73
119
104
37
104
13
14
89
4
14
47
57
28
15
67
234
70
229
23
15
159
99
70
171
26
31
81
311
311
311
56
20
178
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43
41
270
30
54
164
671
70
18
151
543
90
238
224
69
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103
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62
172
24
36
103
816
615
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37
26
454
36
197
199
640
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159
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129
126
85
8
68
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38
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24
26
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499
137
499
12
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7
95
304
195
27
66
2,S7
20,766 9,357 16.571 3,210 1.063 12,062
37
552
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
STATEMENT
Teachers.
hi
ri
41
of teachers em-
who hold per-
certificates.
of teachers em-
who are sradu-
a State Normal
pi
of teachers em-
who were edu-
in the common
Is
•a
Ml
if
fe^-s
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feSS
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1. Adams,
2. Allegheny
3. Armstrong
4. Beaver
5. Bedford
6. Berks,
7. Blair
8. Bradford,
9. Bucks
10. Butler
11. Cambria
12. Cameron
W. Carbon
11. Centre
1). Chester
IC. Clarion
17. Clearfield,
18. Clinton
19. Columbia
20. Crawford
21. Cumberland
22. Dauphin
23. Delaware
24. Elk
25. Erie
26. Fayette
27. Forest
28. Franklin
29. Fulton
30. Greene,
31. Huntingdon
32. Indiana
33. Jefferson
34. Juniata,
35. Lackawanna
36. Lancaster
37. Lawrence
38. Lebanon
39. Lehigh,
40. Luzerne
41. Lycoming,
42. McKean
43. Mercer
44. Mifflin,
45. Monroe,
46. Montgomery,
47. Montour,
4S. Northampton
49. Northumberland (
50. Perry,
51. Pike
52. Potter
53. Schuylkill
54. Snyder
55. Somerset
56. Sullivan
57. Susqueha nna
58. Tioga
59. Union
60. Venango,
61. Warren
62. Washington
63. Wayne
64. Westmoreland
65. Wyoming
66. York
Total (county) 9
4
292
139
130
16
1
No. 6.
—Continued.
STATISTICS.
553
visitations.
Miscellaneous Items.
if
H
So.
ii
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■d
1 ■
^■d*J
111
number of
between the
X and sixteen
in schiool.
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156
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194
154
249
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282
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231
11
254
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297
"i
310
24
332
246
5
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246
25
520
568
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342
220
245
497
238
99
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19
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346
318
8
313
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17
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204
324
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294
376
223
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"70
378
"'9
383
857
15
171
270
....
105
180
77
29
172
78
"'i
200
294
"'5
320
14
19
50
26n
2
1
425
331
30
368
218
16
365
246
'3
35
104
268
103
16
i
4
860
234
260
134
19
'sis
192
265
"48
295
304
12
194
3
300
510
161
510
21
411
"3
2
226
6
314
18
'iio
180
2
150
540
282
540
■sie
19
448
7
114
26
14
67
11
192
1
iei
498
1
523
487
16
390
34
19,331
1,433
23,230
15,225
988
65,879
15,186
40
34
114
13,421
554
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
STATEMENT
Cities, Boroughs and Townships.
I 1
3 O
8 I
0) 01
g £
fi
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5
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1. Allegheny, -s
2. Allentown,
3. Altoona
4. Archbald,
5. Ashland,
6. Bangor
7. Beaver Falls
S.Bethlehem
9. Braddock
10. Bradford
11. Bristol
12. Butler
13. Carbondale
14. Carlisle
15. Chambersburg
16. Cheltenham township,
17. Chester
IS. Coal township
19. Coatesville
20. Columbia,
21. Conshohocken
22. Corry
23. Danville
24. Du Bois
25. Dunmore
26. Easton
27. Erie
28. Franklin
29. Greensburg
30. Greenville
31. Hanover
32. Harrisburg
33. Hazleton,
34. Hazle township,
35. Homestead,
36. Huntingdon
37. Jeannette
38. Johnstown
39. Lancaster
40. Lansford
41. Lebanon
42. Lock Haven
43. Lower Merion
44. McKeesport,
45. Mahanoy City
46. Mahanoy township, .
47. Meadville,
48. Middletown
49. Milton
50. Minersville,
51. Monessen
52. Mount Carmel
53. Nanticoke
54. New Brighton
55. New Castle
56. Newport township, . .
57. Norristown,
58. Oil City
59. Olyphant
60. Philadelphia,
61. Phoenixville,
62. Pittsburg
63. Pottstown
64. Pottsville
65. Radnor township, ...
66. Reading
67. Rochester
68. Soranton
69. Shamokin
70. Sharon,
71. Shenandoah
728
1,633
1,000
2,000
2,034
2,500
3,000
1,303
2.750
1,968
1,200
6,654
2,476
l,6flC
2,680
850
1,500
1,500
1,9.50
2,700
5,250
9,041
1,840
1,770
l!09O
10,950
3,350
3,269
2,300
1,500
1,100
6,100
6,500
1,282
3,100
1,700
2,092
7,500
2,5.™
1,800
2,417
1,300
1,465
1,150
l,.50O
2,342
2,600
l,6f)0
5,. 500
1,682
3,800
2,625
1,110
152,150
1,530
53,500
2,947
3,000
1,000
15,000
1,250
19,392
4,000
2,375
3,842
2
31
498
17
133
13
13
1
3
13
4
18
4
21
5
45
g
45
4
51
5
21
5
61
7
63
8
37
1
26
22
176
3
17
47
4
28
7
46
3
21
6
25
4
1
4
42
11
52
16
119
19
186
7
44
24
58
fi
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3
3
20
163
■M
144
18
3
L'3
12
77
4
37
n
51
3
13
175
4
31
3
18
4
36
45
7
49
3
4
31
12
8
9
36
6
I
63
4
20
20O
3,000
193
4
30
1
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1,239
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76
9
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3
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1
47
318
1
2
5
40
404
20
7
8
78
51
30
10
70
1
No. 6,
— Continued.
STATISTICS.
555
Schools.
Examinations.
«
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30
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Co
51
149
47
28
47
1
26
26
43
52
lOO
244
38
37
28
25
220
63
18
55
25
23
163
1,239
63
51
30
308
22
381
77
63
20
3,752
556
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
STATEMENT
Cities, ^orouglis and Townships.
Houses.
01
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5
V,^
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Sheraden 3 30 1.300
Soutii Betlileliem 6 55 2,275
Soutii Sliaron 3 20 1,150
Steelton, 6 48 2,269
Sunbury 9 41 2,400
Tamaqua 5 32 1,500
Tarentum 4 32 1,400
Taylor 9 23 1,060
Titusville 5 43 1,800
Tyrone 3 31 1,450
Waynesboro 3 32 1,566
West Chester, 4 41 1,416
Willtes-Barre, 20 197 10,182
Wilkinsburg 4 63 2,800
Wiliiamsport, 15 135 5,866
Yorlc 23 170 7,140
Total (city) 1,273 10,604 492,382
9
40
5
33
4
2
8
23
10
5
43
3
31
1
3
1
4
20
41
197
4
64
1
14
114
4
19
165
10
No. 6.
—Continued.
STATISTICS.
557
Examinations.
I £
o
^ ^ .
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if
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2
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Number of teachers who
have had no pi-evious
experience.
K o
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197
197
64
64
1X0
119
139
139
139
6,0l'2
1
3S
1
24
1
31
2
187
rn
5
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4
111
55S
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
STATEMENT
Cities, Boroughs and Townships.
Teachers.
1
Pi
lis
d
1l
^il
Is
■sis
-lea
Peso)
-otc
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18
S2
Allegheny
AUentown
Altoona
Archbald
Ashland
Bangor
Beaver Palls,
Bethlehem,
Braddock
Bradford,
Bristol
Butler
Carbondale
Carlisle
Chambersburg
Cheltenham township,
Chester
Coal township
Coatesville
Columbia
Conshohocken
Corry,
Danville
Du Bois
Dunmore
Easton
Erie,
Franklin
Greensburg,
Greenville
Hanover
Harrisburg
Hazleton
Hazle township
Homestead,
Huntingdon
Jeannette •
Johnstown
Lancaster
Lansford
Lebanon
Lock Haven
Lower Merlon
McKeesport
Mahanoy City
Mahanoy township, ..
Meadville
Middletown
Milton
Minersville
Monessen
Mount Carmel,
Nanticoke
New Brighton
New Castle,
Newport township, . . .
Norristown
Oil City
Olyphant
Philadelphia
Phoenixville
Pittsburg
Pottstown
Pottsville
Radnor township
Reading
Rochester,
Scranton
Shamokln
Sharon
Shenandoah
No. 6.
—Continued.
STATISTICS.
559
visitations.
Miscellaneous Items.
If
"1
ii
1
§
I'
III
ill
^1
ill"
i
u
1
1
si
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526
393
6
1,275
6
129
883
131
66
300
22
177
1,200
177
48
1,200
6
20
213
20
10
115
9
18
1,140
18
2
200
15
21
208
21
40
1,000
12
45
328
19
113
122
12
45
1,060
45
15
250
21
51
60O
51
9
175
8
64
1,662
64
44
200
12
20
434
20
225
15
59
1,372
59
20
200
15
67
1,067
62
32
100
g
35
949
?.5
107
200
8
37
766
5
75
12
26
196
26
10
40
6
149
1,276
149
44
1,132
22
64
739
34
46
30
6
28
636
4
100
6
47
695
47
15
200
9
22
234
22
20
15
26
26
2
"26
12
30
; '424
21
63
1,300
12
43
988
43
30
20
12
52
344
52
12
300
6
lOO
2,692
78
25
300
24
245
560
245
21
1,272
18
38
526
12
50
6
37
761
37
23
5
15
28
306
28
6
1,600
•0
25
334
25
2
140
8
203 18 1,018
630
26
750
27
64
1 1,006
40
14
400
61
669
61
9
100
6
55
270
55
57
6C0
15
405
28
11
20
12
23 '.'.
980
23
3
1,000
15
163
90O
17
2
21
127
1,543
127
10
1,'284
36
24
951
12
35
150
9
75
732
95
66
1,600
14
100
777
30
20
250
12
45
755
45
25
450
g
163
3,000
163
4
50O
22
50
1,350
50
8
150
15
38
632
32
17
175
6
56
1,189
72
75
10
24
511
"24
42
250
6
25
450
25
31
150
10
17
17
4
1,200
8
37
; 'eii
37
6
ICC.
9
45
1,071
45
29
400
12
50
615
lis
8
300
11
31
136
"io
"ii
34
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"22
15
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6
82
500
80
30
300
20
63
880
63
39
300
18
22
220
22
6
100
12
"so
'197
"ao
"26
1,'279
"12
,239
2,000
1,239
30
65
699
65
2
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"26
51
1.000
51
25
21
30
ISO
5
1,'ioo
6
310
1,371
5
64
23
325
"23
15
12
380
1 1,692
381
40
5,'666
21
74
1,184
74
82
500
30
41
1,288
31
6
100
6
70
1,305
60
12
600
15
3
735
14
3,842
175
400
200
260
7fO
748
75
8
20
ii
909
15
210
200
1,750
300
50
14
670
"io
80O
917
S95
3,200
90
1.526
560
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Off. Doc.
STATEMENT
.
Teachers.
Cities, Boroughs and Townships.
PI
off
111
ill
111
ill
llil
lis
Ell
III
Number of teachers em-
ployed who were edu-
cated in the common
schools.
II
1'
i
i!
ii
1^
72. Sheraden,
73. South Bethlehem,
74. South Sharon
75. Steelton
76. Sunbury
77. Tamaqua
7S. Tarentum,
79. Taylor
80. Titu.sville
81. Tyrone
82. Waynesboro,
S3. West Chester
84. Wilkes-Barre
85. Wilkinsburg
86. Williamsport
87. Tork,
Total (city).
No. 6.
— Continued.
STATISTICS.
561
visitations.
Miscellaneous
Items.
t ■
9. ^
f|
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1
3
>
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111
number of
between the
X and sixteen
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6,2S2
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29
164
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3fi
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37
40
37
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48
30
75
21
28
11
298
9
75
34
300
i
1
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20
1
3
1
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75
450
120
■■■3
6
7
301
1,200
375
739
600
2,140 26,114
36—6—1906
562
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
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(578)
BIENNIAL REPORT
ON
HIGHER EDUCATION
IN
PENNSYLVANIA.
Department of Public Instruction,
Harrisburg, Pa., December 31, 1906.
To His Excellency, Samuel W. Pennypacker, Governor of Pennsyl-
vania:
Dear Sir: In accordance with section 10, of the act of June 26,
1895, creating the College and University Council, I have the honor
herewith to submit the Sixth Biennial Report on Higher Education
in Pennsylvania.
Very respectfully,
NATHAN C. SCHAEFFER,
Superintendent of Public Instruction and Ex-ofhcio Secretary of the
College and University Council.
(579)
580 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
To the Senate and House of Representatives:
Gentlemen: The College and University Council was created in
1895. During the ten years of its existence it has sought to prevent
the cheapening of academic degrees and the issu(? of pernuin(mt
certificates to teachers on the basis of graduation from schools with
inferior standards of admission and graduation. B^^ preventing the
useless multiplication of weak colleges it has helped to strengthen
the colleges which were in existence. The few new colleges that
came into existence have had an amount of financial support which
would not have come to them without the conditions created by the
Council.
During ten years the number of students in divinity, medicine and
dentistry has been slightly diminished, whilst the number in phar-
macy and law has been slightly increased. The number of under-
graduates in the colleges has increased from G,500 to 10,421. The
number of women at college has increased from 1,202 to 3,147
The decrease in the number of professional students is due partly
to the advance in standards of admission to the professions, and
partly to our industrial prosperity in the State whereby lucrative
positions allure the students from the older professions. The in-
creasing rigor of the State examinations for admission to the bar
will in no long time cause a similar decrease in the number of can-
didates for the profession of law.
The following table reveals these facts at a glance:
1896. 1906.
Theological students, 753 677
Medical students, 2,652 2,466
Dental students, 1,172 1,097
Pharmacy students, 687 816
Law, ...' 461 485
College, 6,.500 16,421
Women, 1.202 3,147
The relation of the colleges to the vocation of teaching is* very
interesting. The large universities furnish very few teachers for
the public schools in Pennsylvania. Under the act -of 1893 a total
of 1,444 permanent certificates has been issued to college graduates.
Although the records were destroyed by the fire, the record of all
these certificates, with the exception of 88, has been recovered. Of
the 1,356 certificates now on record, the following have been granted
to the graduates of the larger colleges.
No. 6. HIGHER EDUCATION. 58J
Cornell,, 18
Piinecton, l-i
University of renns^lvania, I)
Coiiinibia, -
Chicago Univeisiiy, -
Harvard, 1
University of Michigan, 1
These figures show that the public schools must rely upon (hr
smaller colleges for the supply of teachers, in so far as college bred
men and women can be secured, to teach in the public schools.
From this point of view, the following comparison is very signifi-
cant as showing that those who intend to teach, seek the colleges
where the expense of tuition and board is moderate. Of the 105
colleges whose graduates have received permanent certificates, only
colleges with a representation of twenty or more graduates in the
list of those to whom such certificates were granted, are given:
No. of Estimate
Certificates. Expense.
Grove City, 2r)7 $225
Buckuell, 88 228
Franklin and Maisliall 83 283
Allegheny, 76 177
Westminster, 70 180 75
Lafayette, 54 305
Waynesburg, 53 200
Muhlenberg, 53 225
Dickinsou, 43 225
Pennsylvania, 41 150 50
Washington and Jefierson, 38 3G0
Lebanon Valley, 34 198
LTrsinus, 31 230
Thicl, 20
Wilson, 20 250
Pcnna. State College, 20 184
The foregoing figures do not include graduates who teach in the
]»ublic schools of Philadelphia. If these were included the showing
of the University of I'ennsylvania, with its department of pedagogy,
would be far more favorable. Moreover, it should be borne in mind
that many college graduates go into the preparatory schools as
teachers and thus are not connted in the above tables.
The growing cost of a college education is making this kind of
education inaccessible to many students. Plans have been devised
for the purpose of making it possible for young men to secure em-
582 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
ployment while working their way through college. In so far as
these plans do not interfere with thorough work, they deserve to be
extended.
A note of warning comes from Germany against a differentiation
of the classes from the masses through the gradual increase in the
expense of living at our institutions of higher learning. E. M.
Arndt says of the German universities: "As a citizen of a university
the son of the poorest and most obscure parents, if of sound mind
and body, enters upon a career in company with the highest and
most aristocratic, and those who are the most daring in spirit, deter-
mination and courage, will, if they choose, rule by reason of an
innate nobility. This proud equality which the narrowness of life
scarcely ever reveals afterward, I esteem as among the principal
glories of German student life, a precious memorial of what the
entire Germanic people once was." After quoting the foregoing,
Prof. Paulsen makes the following comment: "But it cannot be
denied that a change is taking place. It is not only true that within
the student body itself the efforts of a social aristocratic group to
isolate itself, are constantly becoming stronger, but the number of
students drawn from the lower classes is diminishing. The expenses
of an education and the period of waiting are constantly increasing;
in consequence a large and growing section of the population, the
new workingman's class, is not represented at the universities at all.
That is the reverse side of the increasing aristocratic tendencies
of university life; the demands made on the period of study and the
standard of life increases in proportion to their social value." (Ger-
man Universities, page 126).
The expense at our American Colleges is likewise increasing.
Hence many a bright youth finds it impossible in these days of
prosperity to work his way through the college and the professional
school. In Germany and the countries of similar culture-conditions
the figure for the number of students attending the university is
about one half per thousand of the population. In the nineties
France had 48 students for every 100,000 inhabitants, Germany 48
(including theologians 57), Italy 51, Austria 5G, while the maximum
was reached in Norway with 77 and Belgium with 82 students,
figures which are explained by differences in the preparatory system
making necessary a longer course at the university. The minimum
is furnished by Kussia with 10 students. But the figures are not
constant; they move with considerable variations about a mean.
Since 1830 the attendance in Germany has fallen as low as 33 for
every 100,000 souls in the forties, and has gone up as high as 63 at
the close of eighties. (Paulsen German University p. 132).
It would be misleading to compare with these figures the statis-
tics from our American colleges and universities, because many of
No. 6. HIGHER EDUCATION. 583
the students in the secondary schools of Germany would be ranked
as college students in the United States. Nevertheless, the fact that
Pennsylvania colleges report about two hundred students for every
hundred thousand of the popuhitiou indicates remarkable progress
in the higher education of our people.
There is a loud cry against the growing tendency to subvert the
high school curriculum to the increasing technicalities which the
colleges require as a condition of admission. At the Thanksgiving
meeting of the Colleges and Preparatory Schools for the Middle
States and Maryland one session was largely devoted to this diffi-
culty and there was a general and very strenuous protest on the part
of those who prepare students for different colleges. The same
difficulty was still more recently discussed at the sessions of the
High School Convention at Williamsport. Either Mahomet must
come to the mountain, or there will be a drift away from the college
preparation in the smaller high schools that cannot afford to dupli-
cate their courses.
In many quarters a cry is also heard for the emancipation of the
high school from the domination of the college on the ground that
athletics and fraternities and electives which are fit for the college
only have been introduced into the high school. Athletics may
divert the pupils' minds from study and thus prove detrimental to
the individual and to the school. On the other hand, it is a gain to
accustom young minds to settle disputes by arbitration as is done
on the athletic field. The movement to substitute arbitration for
war in the settlement of international disputes may be expected to
gain impetus and support from the custom of settling disputes by
reference to an umpire. The spirit which is thereby instilled into
the educated minds of our land will be felt against any policy
whereby "the big stick," which Uncle Sam is supposed to wield,
will be used not in the interest of justice and right but for the pur-
poses of might in tyranizing over weaker nations.
At the eleventh annual meeting of the Mohonk Lake Conference
on International Arbitration Chancellor McCracken drew attention
to the fact that the favorite American text-book on international
law devotes 212 pages to laws relating to the art of war and only
172 jjages to the laws which should govern nations in times of peace,
whilst not a page is devoted to telling how nations may avoid war.
By way of comparison he supposes that our colleges introduce a text-
book to indoctrinate students on the relation of husband and wife
and asks what would you think if this text-book had 170 pages on
how husband and wife should behave when they are at peace one
with the other, and two hundred pages on how a husband and wife
should act when they are so unhappy as to be belligerents one against
the other. He examined two hundred text-books on history, and,
39
584 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
although he found some of them better than the text-books of a
generation ago, he assures us that the tocsin of war will never sound
less loudly because of any anti-toxin found in these text-books on
history.
It is to be hoped that the modern method of teaching history will
find its way from the college into the public schools. The college
professor no longer emphasizes the art of war above the arts of
peace. The drum and trumpet history is a thing of the past in the
best colleges. Sociology and the Socialogical point of view have
taken its place. The workmen, the merchant, the industries and the
life of the common people absorb more attention than the man on
horseback. What interests the historian most is not the shedding
of blood and the fighting of battle by land and by sea, but the move-
ments which uplift the race and ameliorate the condition of the
toilers in every part of the globe.
Not many years ago fears were expressed that the college placed
between the efficient high school and the powerful university, could
no longer continue to hold its own and offer an education worth re-
warding with a degree and that the inevitable tendency of the
largest institutions to grow the fastest was a grave danger threaten-
ing the future existence of the small college. In the Nation,, of
November 1, 1906, Prof. Foster points out that in the past four years
Harvard and Yale in their academic department show a net loss of
91, whilst seven small colleges (Amherst, Bowdoin, Dartmouth, Trin-
ity, Tufts, AVesleyan and Williams), for the same period show a net
gain of 561 and that what was considered a grave danger to the
small college is no danger at all. This conclusion is also borne out
by the statistics of Pennsylvania colleges. Prof. Foster has well
said that "the small college which refuses to lower its standard
from any notion of the importance of numbers, which devotes its
energies to its own mission as the maker of men and leaves to the
university its own distinct work of making specialists, which guards
against the evil and employs the good in athletics, which resists the
temptation to shift any considerable part of its teaching upon inex-
perienced, underpaid and temporary assistants, which sees the ex-
travagance of spending large sums for fine buildings and small
turns for strong teachers, which avoids the large college tendency
io substitute mechanism for personality in administration; such a
college open to the accredited graduates of every approved high
school, offering a few elective courses in the most important
branches of strictly college study, taught to small groups by scholars
who are first men, has a place so secure and so important that all
the tendencies to-day in large colleges and in small colleges and in
small professional schools are serving only to strengthen the small
college against its real and supposed dangers."
As showing the effect of a college upon the community in which it
No. 6. HIGHER EDUCATION. 585
is located, the comparative statistics prepared by J. Foster Hill, of
ScrantoD, are very interesting and significant:
COMPAKATIVE STATISTICS.
Population of Pennsylvania, 7,000,000
Number of college students in Pennsylvania, 14,062
Average number of students per million population, .... 2,009
Average number of students per thousand population,. . . 2
Population of Lackawanna and 4 boundary counties, 650,000
Population of Scranton and Duumore, 135,000
Quota of students due from Lackawanna and boundary
counties, 1,306
Quota of students due from Scranton and Dunmore, 271
Number of students actually sent from Scranton and Dun-
more, 136
Number of students actually sent from Lackawanna and
boundary counties, 443
Number of colleges within 90 miles of Scranton by rail,. . None.
Population of New York State, 8,000,000
Number of college students in New York State, 19,490
Average number of students per million population, 2,436
Average number of students per thousand population,. . . 24
Population of Onondaga, and five boundary counties,. , . . 550,000
Population of city of Syracuse, 120,000
Quota of students due from Onondaga and boundary
counties, 1,341
Quota of students due from Syracuse, 293
Number of students actually attending from Syracuse, . . . 770
Number of students attending from Onondaga and bound-
ary counties, 1,288
Number of colleges within 90 miles of Syracuse by rail, . . 10
Number of students in Syracuse University, 2,451
Number who reside in city of Syracuse, 709
Number who reside in Onondaga and boundary counties, 1,004
These statistics serve to show the value of a college in the pro-
motion of higher education within one hundred miles of its location.
A college with less than half a million dollars' worth of property,
or with a revenue that is less than the income of half a million
dollars, should be debarred from duping its students into the notion
that they are really getting the advantages in libraries, laboratories
and other facilities for instruction, (including the faculty), which
the modern youth has a right to expect.
Respectfully submitted,
NATHAN C. SOHAEFFER,
^cretary of the College and University Oouooil.
586
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
GENERAL AND STATISTICAL REPORT OF PRI
Name of Institution.
City or Town.
THEOLOGICAL. SEMINARIES.
Allegheny Theological Seminary, .
Crozer Theological Seminary,
Divinity School of the Protestant
Episcopal Church.
Lutheran Theological Seminary
Meadville Theological School,
Moravian Theological Seminary
Reformed Presbyterian Theological
Seminary. __, „
School of Theology, Ursinus College, .
St. Vincent Seminary •
Susquehanna University, Theological
Seminary.
The Lutheran Theological Seminary,.
Theological Seminary of the Reformed
Church, U. S.
Theological Seminary of St. Charles
Boromeo.
Theological Seminary of the Reformed
Episcopal Church.
Theological Seminary of the Reformed
Presbyterian Church in North
America.
Western Theological Seminary
MEDICAL COLLEGES. „. ., , , ^.
Hahnemann Medical College Philadelphia Phi ade phia,
Teffpr<;nn Medical College Philadelphia Philadelphia,
Medical Department of^ university of Philadelphia', Philadelphia,
Memco-Chirurgical College Philadelphia Philadelphia,
Philadelphia Polyclinic and College Philadelphia Philadelphia,
for Graduates in Medicine.
Western University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburg, Allegheny, ..
w'^min^i MldfcarColVege of Pennsyl- N. Col. ave. & 21st st. Philadelphia,
vania.
Allegheny Allegheny, ...
Upland Delaware, ..
Philadelphia Philadelphia,
Mt. Airy Philadelphia,
Meadville Crawford, ..
Bethlehem, Northampton,
Allegheny Allegheny, ..
Philadelphia Philadelphia,
Germantown Philadelphia .
Selinsgrove Snyder,
Gettysburg Adams
Lancaster Lancaster, . .
Overbrook Montgomery,
Philadelphia. Philadelphia,
Philadelphia. Philadelphia,
Allegheny,
Allegheny,
Philadelphia,
145 N. 10th street, ... Philadelphia,
Pittsburg Allegheny, .,
Philadelphia
1864
1S44
1S07
1856
1848
1825
1765
1882
1SS5
1850
1838
1SS7
1848
1S26
175J
COLLEGES OF PHARMACY.
Department of Pharmacy, Medico-
Chirurgical.
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, ..
Pittsburg College of Pharmacy
VETERINARY MEDICINE.
Department of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania.
Departme^n^ot'l.e'S^Uy!' u'niversity Philadelphia Philadelphia
D°epanmenr"or-Dentistry, Medico- Philadelphia Philadelphia
P^nnsywinfa College of Dental Sur- Philadelphia Philadelphia, llth &
Phfla^delDhia Dental College Philadelphia Philadelphia
PUtsburg Dental college^ Western Pittsburg Allegheny
University of Pennsylvania.
1856
1862
1896
Carlisle Cumberland,
Philadelphia Philadelphia
LAW SCHOOLS.
Dickinson School of Law, ••.
University of Pennsylvania, Law De
wTstlm "university of Pennsylvania. Pittsburg Allegheny,
Law Department.
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.
Albright College
Allegheny College
Bryn Mawr
Bucknell University
Central High School,
Dickinson College
Franklin and Marshall College
Geneva College
Myerstown, Lebanon
Meadville Crawford, ..
Bryn Mawr, Montgomery,
Lewisburg Union
Philadelphia Philadelphia,
Carlisle Cumberland,
Lancaster Lancaster, .
Beaver Falls Beaver
1881
1895
1815
1817
1885
1880
1846
1S39
1838
1783
1783
1852
1852
1849
1879
No. 6. STATISTICS.
VATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS— Cortlnued.
587
Religious Denomination.
Omcial Title of Officer
in Charge.
Name of President, Principal or
Superintendent.
United Presbyterian President Rev. James A. Grier, A. M., D. D.,
^^|[antE^seopa,;-::::::::::E^^-^:..::::::::::::::^^^^
^T.^rfl'n ?Sent•••::::::::::::::ISli^c:^^^w^l?^A.^:,|T^D.
Mor'aVian; .::::::::::::::::::::::: Prfslaent; ^"^"f^v,^ ^"^.tT-M-^--^-^-
Reformed Presbyterian Senior Professor David B. Wilson. M. D.. D. D.
Reformed. Dean James I. Good. -.^-,,, v r M
Roman Catholic Superior Very Rev. James McGill. V. C. M.
Lutheran Chairman of Faculty.. J. A. Singmaster. D. D.
Lutheran Chairman of Faculty, . J. A. Singmaster, D. D.
Reformed President of Faculty, .. Rev. Frederick A. Cast, D. u.
Catholic Rector Rt. Rev. P. J. Garvey. D. D.
Reformed Episcopal Chairman af Faculty, . John D. "Wilson, D. D.
Reformed Presbyterian Dean Rev. David Steele, D. D., LL. D.
Presbyterian,
President David Gregg, D. D., LL. D.
Non-sectarian,
Dean Herbert L. Northrop, M. D.
Dean J. W. Holland.
Dean Charles H. Frazier, A. B.
Dean Henry F. Walton.
Superintendent, Maud Banfleld.
D«an J. C. Lange. M. D.
Dean Clara Marshall. M. D.
President Henry F. Walton.
President Howard B. French, Ph. G
Dean Julius A. Koch, Ph. D., Phar. D.
Dean, Leonard Pearson, B. S., V. M. D.
Dean Edward C. Kirk.
Dean I. N. Broomell, D. D. S.
Dean Wilbur F. Litch, M. D., D. D. S.
Dean, Leo Greenbaum, M. D., D. D. S.
Dean H. E. Friesell, D. D. S.
Dean William Trickett LL. D. „ ., ^ „
Dean William Draper L*wis, B. S.. LL. B.
Ph. B. .^
Dean Hon. John D. Shafer, LL. D.
United Evangelical President .Tames Daniel Woodnng. A M. D. D.
Methodist Episcopal President W. H. Crawford, D. D.. LL U
Undenominational President M. Carey Thomas, Ph. D.. LL. U.
President John Howard Harris, LL. D.
President Robert Ellis Thompson. S. T. D.
Methodist Episcopal President Geo. Edward Reed, D. D., LL. D.
Reformed Church President .John S. Stahr, Ph.
Reformed Presbyterian President W. P. Johnston.
D. D., LL. D.
♦Copied from last year.
588
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
GENERAL AND STATISTICAL REPORT OF PRI
Location.
3
,
ii
1
Name of Institution.
Old
•a
City
or Town.
County.
^1
2
^
Grove City College Grove City,
Haverford College Haverford
Juniata College Huntingdon
Lafayette College Easton
Lebanon Valley College Annville
Lehigh University South Bethlehem,
Moravian College and Theological Bethlehem
Seminary.
Muhlenberg College Allentown
Pennsylvania College Gettysburg
Pennsylvania Military College Chester
Pennsylvania State College State College, ...
St. Vincent College and Seminary, .. Beatty
Susquehanna University Selinsgrove
Swarthmore College Swarthmore,
Thiel College Greenville
University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia
Ursinus College Collegeville
The College of St. Thomas Villanova, .'
Washington and Jefferson, Washington
Waynesburg College Waynesburg,
Western University of Pennsylvania, Allegheny and Pitts-
burg.
Westminster College New Wilmington, ...
Wilson Female College Chambersburg
Mercer 1876 1879
Delaware 18S3 1830
Huntingdon 1876 ["1878
Northampton 1832 182€
Lebanon 1866 1867
Northampton 1865 1866
Northampton 1807 1863
Lehigh 1S67 1867
Adams 1832 1832
Delaware 1859 1862
Centre 1859 1855
Westmoreland 1846 1870
ri858
Snyder 1858 [l896
Delaware 1869 1864
Mercer,
ri753
Philadelphia 1740 (.1755
Montgomery 1S69 1869
Delaware. 1842 1848
Washington 1780 1802
Greene 1850
Allegheny, 1819 1819
Lawrence 1852 1852
Franklin 1870 1869
No. 6. STATISTICS.
VATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued.
589
Religious Denomination.
Official Title of Officer
In Charge.
Name of President, Principal or
Superintendent.
President Isaac C. Ketler, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.
President Isaac Sharpless, Sc. D., L.L.. D.
Act. President I. Harvey Brumbaugh, A. M.
Presbyterian President. Ethelbert D. Warfield, D. D.. LL. D.
United Brethren President Rev. A. B. Tunlchouser, B. S.
President Henry S. Drinker, L.L. D.
Moravian Church President Augustus Schultze, D. D., L. H. D.
Lutheran President John A. W. Haas, D. D.
Lutheran President S. G. Hefelbower, D. D.
Non-sectarian, Colonel E. W. Hyatt.
President George W. Atherton.
Roman Catholic Director Rt. Rev. Leander Schnerr, D. D.
Rev. Chas. T. Aikens, A
Joseph Swain, L. L. D.
M.
Undenominational Provost, Charles C. Harrison, LL. D.
Reformed Dean, Geo. Leslie Omwake
Catholic President L. A. Delurey. D. D.. O. S. A.
Presbyterian President James D. Moffat, D. D., LL. D.
Interdenominational President, Jacob F. Bucher, M. S.
Chancellor Rev. Samuel Black McCormick, D. D.,
LL. D.
United Presbyterian President, ., R. G. Ferguson, D. D.
Presbyterian President Matthew Howell Pease.
590
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OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,
No. 6.
PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL OFFICERS.
Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Nathan C. Schaeffer.
Deputy Supe7'intendents.
Henky Houck and a. D, Glenn,
Other Officers of the Department.
R. M. McNeal, Financial Cleric, H. H. Fleisheb, Statistical Clerk,
M. F. Cass, Recording Clerh, J. O. Knauss, Messeng&r,
Stenographers and Typewriters.
Miss Mary Y. McReynolds,
Miss Edith L. Breitinger.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS.
District.
Principal.
Postofflce.
First
George M Philips
West Chester.
Millersville.
Kutztown.
East Stroudsburg.
Mansfield.
Bloomstaurg.
Shippensburg.
Lock Haven.
Indiana.
California.
Slippery Rock.
Edinboro.
Plnriftn
Third
A. C. Rothermel
Fifth
Sixth
D. J. Waller, Jr
Seventh,
Eighth
J. R. Flickinger
Ninth
James E. Ament
Tenth
T. B. Noss
Eleventh,
Albert E. Maltby . . .
Twelfth,
John F. Bigler
Thirteenth
J. George Becht
40
(599)
600
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
County Superintendents.
Off. Doc.
County.
Adams
Allegheny
Armstrong
Beaver
Bedford
Berks,
Blair
Bradford
Bucks,
Butler,
Cambria
Cameron
Carbon,
Center
Chester
Clarion,
Clearfield
Clinton
Columbia
Crawford,
Cumberland,
Dauphin,
Delaware,
Elk
Erie
Fayette
Forest
Franklin
Fulton
Greene,
Huntingdon
Indiana,
Jefferson
Juniata
Lackawanna, ...
Lancaster
Lawrence
Lebanon
Lehigh,
Luzerne
Lycoming
McKean,
Mercer
Mifflin
Monroe
Montgomery, ...
Montour,
Northampton, ..
Northumberland,
Perry
Pike,
Potter,
Schuylkill
Snyder
Somerset
Sullivan,
Susquehanna, ..
Tioga
Union,
Venango,
Warren
Washington, ...
Wayne,
Westmoreland, .
Wyoming,
York
Name.
(Commissions expire June
1. 190S.)
H. Milton Roth, ....
Samuel Hamilton, ..
Miles A. Milliron, ...
Andrew Lester,
J. Anson Wright, ...
Eli M. Rapp.
T. S. Davis
H. S. Putnam
J. M. Shelley
R. S. Penfield
Herman T. Jones, ..
Mattie M. Collins, ...
James J. Bevan, ...
David O. Etters
G. W. Moore
L. L. Himes
William E. Tobias, .
Ira N. McCloskey, .
W. W. Evans,
John D. Goodwin, .. .
J. Kelso Green,
H. V. B. Garver, ....
A. G. C. Smith
J. W. Sweeney,
Samuel B. Bayle, ...
Clement G. Dewellyn,
D. W. Morrison
L. F. Benchoff
Charles E. Barton, .
J. C. Stewart
J. G. Dell,
J. T. Stewart,
R. B. Teitrick
H. C. Klinger
J. C. Taylor
M. J. Brecht,
R. G. Allen
John W. Snoke,
Alvin Rupp
Frank P. Hopper, ...
Gardner B. Milnor, .
Burdette S. Bayle, .
Frederick F. Foltz, .
James F. Wills
Frank Koehler
J. Horace Landis, ...
Charles W. Derr, ...
George A. Grim,
W. W. Fetzer,
Samuel S. Willard, .
Lucian Westbrook, .
Otis A. Kilbourn, ...
Livingston Seltzer, ,
Geo. W. Walborn, ...
D. W. Seibert,
Gettysburg,
Braddock
Parker's Landing,
Beaver Falls
Bedford
Hamburg
Altoona
Towanda,
Doylestown,
Chicora,
Ebensburg
Emporium
Mauch Chunk, . ..
State College
Ercildoun,
Clarion,
Clearfield
Lock Haven
Bloomsburg
Meadville
Carlisle,
Middletown
Media,
Saint Marys,
Fairvievv
Brownsville,
Tionesta,
Chambersburg, ...
McConnellsburg, .
Jefferson,
Huntingdon
Indiana,
Brookville
Liverpool
Scranton,
Lancaster
New Castle
Lebanon
Allentown
Wilkes-Barre,
Muncy
Smethport,
Mercer
Belleville
Gilberts
Norristown
Washingtonville, .
Nazareth
Sunbury
New Bloomfield,
Dingman's Ferry,
Coudersport,
Pottsville,
Freeburg,
Somerset,
J. E. R. Killgore, ' Dushore
Geo. A. Stearns Kingsley,
W. R. Longstreet Mansfield, ...
D. P. Stapleton Lewisburg, ..
Dallas W. Armstrong, . Franklin
Orlo J. Gunning, Warren
Frank R. Hall Washington,
D. L. Hower, Honesdale, ..
R. C. Shaw Greensburg, .
Frank H. Jarvis 1 Tunkhannock,
Charles W. Stine I York,
Salary.
$1,500 00
8,500 00
2,000 00
1,800 00
1,768 00
2,000 00
1,800 00
2,500 00
2,200 00
1.712 00
2,000 00
1,500 00
2,100 00
1,684 00
2,500 00
1.618 00
2,000 00
1.600 00
2.000 00
1,942 00
1,594 00
2,000 00
2,000 00
2,000 00
2,000 00
2,500 00
1,500 00
1.686 00
1,200 00
1,574 00
1,564 00
2,000 00
2,100 00
1,060 00
3,500 00
2,500 00
1,500 00
1,700 00
1,800 00
4,000 00
2,000 00
1,700 00
1,714 00
1,500 00
1.300 00
2,500 00
1,500 00
1,684 00
1,550 00
1,450 00
1,500 00
1,600 00
3.000 00
1.125 00
2,000 00
1,200 00
1,686 00
2,000 00
1.015 00
1.566 00
1,698 00
2,000 00
1,600 00
3,500 OO
1.600 00
2,000 00
No. 6. SCHOOL, OFFICERS.
City, Borough and Township Superintendenis.
601
City, Borough or
Township.
Name.
(Commissions expire June
1, 1908.)
Postoffice.
Salary.
Allegheny
John Morrow
$4,000 00
1,750 00
2,400 00
1,140 00
1,200 00
1,200 00
1,800 00
1.800 00
2,400 00
2.600 00
1.000 00
2,500 00
1,500 00
1.400 00
1.200 00
1.600 00
2,200 00
1.800 00
1.500 00
Allentown
Francis D. Raub
H. J. Wightman,
Wm. A. Kelley,
Wm. C. Estler
J. W. Gruver,
Altoona
Archbald
Archbald
Ashland
Ashland
Bangor
Bangor,
Beaver Falls
Bethlehem
Beaver Falls ..
Edward Maguire
F. W. Robbins
Grant Norris.
Bethlehem
Braddock
Braddock
Bradford
E. E. Miller
Bradford
Bristol
Louise D. Baggs
John A. Gibson
Elmer E- Garr
John C. Wagner,
Samuel Gelwix,
W, G. Cleaver
Thomas S. Cole
Albert Lloyd,
Butler.
Carbondale,
Carlisle
Carlisle
Chambersburg
Cheltenham township
(Montgomery Co.). ..
Chester
Chambersburg,
Swarthmore,
Chester,
Coal township (North-
umberland Co.)
Shamnkin
Coatesville
William T. Gordon
Daniel Fleisher,
Elmer B. Ziegler
Virgil G. Curtis
Urie L. Gordy,
J. H. Alleman,
Coatesville,
Columbia,
Columbia
1.60O 00
Conshohocken
Corry
Conshohocken,
Corry
Danville
Du Bois
1.500 00
1.600 00
1,200 00
2,000 00
1,600 00
2,000 00
3,400 00
1,800 00
2.100 00
1.600 00
1.200 00
2,500 00
2,200 00
1,800 00
2,400 00
1,350 00
1,500 00
2,500 00
2,000 00
1,200 00
1,600 00
1,100 00
1,800 00
2,700 00
1,650 00
1,700 00
1,800 00
1,080 00
1,500 00
1,200 OO
1,800 00
1,500 00
2,400 00
1,700 00
1,800 00
1,500 00
2,250 00
2,500 00
1,200 00
Du Bois,
Dunmore
Charles F. Hoban
W. W, Cottingham, ....
H. C. Missimer
Chas. B. Lord
Dunmore
Easton,
Erie
Erie
Franklin
Thomas S. March, ....
James J. Palmer
J. C. Carey,
Greensburg
Greenville
Hanover
Harrisburg,
F. E. Downes
Harrisburg
Hazleton
Hazleton
David A. Harman
Joseph B. Gabrio
James M. Norris,
E. R. Barclay
Hazle township (Lu-
zerne Co.)
Hazleton
Homestead,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon
Jeannette
T. B. Shank,
Johnstown
James N. Muir
R. K. Buehrle
Elmer E. Kuntz
R. T. Adams
Lancaster
Lansford
Lebanon
Lock, Haven
T. M. Morrison,
V. Reist Rutt,
Lock Haven
Lower Merion twp.,
(Montgomery Co.),..
McKeesport ,
"^oseph B. Ritchey
W. N. Ehrhart
Daniel F. Guinan
U. G. Smith
McKeesport,
Mahanoy City
Mahanoy City
Meadville
Mahanoy City,
Mahanoy township
(Schuylkill Co.)
Meadville
Middletown,
H. J. Wickey
Middletown,
Milton
W. A. Wilson,
Minersville
H. H. Spayd
Monessen,
Robert W. Himelick, ..
Samuel H. Dean
John W. Griffith,
Clyde C. Green
T. A. Klmes
Mount Carmel
Nanticoke
Mount Carmel
Nanticoke
New Brighton
New Castle
New Brighton
New Castle
Newport township (Lu-
zerne Co.),
H. U. Nyhart,
Norristown
A. S. Martin
Norristown
Oil City,
Chas. A. Babcock
Francis R. Coyne
Old Forge
Old Forge
602 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
City, Borough and Township Superintendents — Continued.
City, Borough or
Township.
Name.
(Commissions expire June
1, 1908.)
Postoffice.
Salary.
M. W. Cummings
Martin G. Brumbaugh,
Robt. E. Laramy,
Samuel Andrews
W. W. Rupert
Stephen A. Thurlo,* ...
George H. Wilson,
Charles S. Foos
Orrin C. Lester,
George W. Phillips
Joseph Howerth ,
S ~H Hadley
1 200 00
PhiladelDhia ....
Philadelphia
Phoenixville
Pittcshiire-
7 500 00
1,500 00
Pittsburg
6,000 00
Pottstown
Pottstown
1,500 00
Pottsville
Pottsville ....
1,800 00
Radnor township (Del-
1,900 00
Reading
Reading
3,000 00
1,500 00
3,500 00
2,000 00
Sharon
1,800 00
1 800 00
J W^ Cooper
Shenandoah,
Sheridanville
South Bethlehem , . .
South Sharon
Steelton
Sheraden
JT" L Hannum
1 800 00
South Bethlehem
Owen R Wilt
1,500 00
South Sharon ....
C G. Canon
1,300 00
Steelton
L. E. McGinnes,
Ira Shipman
2,250 00
Sunbury
Sunbury
1,500 00
TamaQua
Robert F. Ditchburn, ..
A. D. Endsley
M. J. Lloyd,
Tamaqua
1,500 00
Tarentum
Tarentum
1,600 00
1,200 00
2,100 00
I. C. M. Ellenberger, ..
William Krichbaum, ..
J. H. Reber
1,400 00
Washington
Waynesboro
West Chester
Wilkes-Barre
Wilkinsburg,
Williamsport,
York
2,100 00
1,300 00
West Chester
Addison L. Jones
James M. Coughlin
J L Allison
2,500 00
Wilkes-Barre,
3,500 00
Wilkinsburg . . . .
2,500 00
Williamsport
Charles Lose ....
2,200 00
York
Atreus Wanner
2,000 00
»Supt.. B. F. Patterson died July 9, 1906; Stephen A. Thurlo was elected July IS, 1906.
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,
INDEX
REPORTS BY COUNTIES.
Written. Statistical.
Page. Page.
Adams 1 286
Allegheny 3 290
Armstrong, 4 298
Eeaver, 6 302
Bedford, 9 306
Berks, 12 310
Blair 17 314
Bradford 19 316
Bucks, 21 320
Butler 23 324
Cambria 27 328
Cameron 30 332
Carbon 31 334
Centre, 35 336
Chester 36 340
Clarion, 37 344
Clearfield 39 348
Clinton 41 352
Columbia, 43 354
Crawford, 141 358
Cumberland 47 362
Dauphin, 49 366
Delaware , 55 370
Elk, 51 374
Erie 56 376
Fayette 57 380
Forest 59 384
Franklin 61 386
Fulton 63 388
Greene , 64 390
Huntingdon 66 392
Indiana 67 396
Jefferson , 69 400
Juniata, 71 404
Lackawanna 72 406
Lancaster 75 410
Lawrence, 77 414
Lebanon, 79 416
Lehigh 81 418
Luzerne 83 420
(603)
604
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
COUNTIES.
Lycoming,
McKean
Mercer
Mifflin
Monroe
Montgomery, ...
Montour,
Northampton, ...
Northumberland ,
Perry
Pike
Potter
Schuylkill,
Snyder,
Somerset
Sullivan,
Susquehanna, ..
Tioga
Union,
Venango,
Warren
Washington,
Wayne,
Westmoreland, .
Wyoming
York,
Off. Doc.
Written.
Statistical.
Page.
Page.
85
424
87
428
89
430
91
434
93
436
96
438
98
442
99
444
101
448
103
452
105
454
107
456
108
458
110
462
112
464
114
468
116
470
118
474
120
478
122
480
124
484
126
486
129
490
131
492
133
496
138
500
WRITTEN REPORTS OP CITY, BOROUGH AND TOWNSHIP SUPERIN-
TENDENTS.
Page.
Allegheny 143
AUentown 143
Altoona 144
Archbald 147
Ashland 147
Bangor 148
Beaver Falls, 149
Bethlehem 151
Braddock 152
Bradford, 153
Bristol, 156
Butler 157
Carlisle, 158
Chambersburg 159
Cheltenham township (Montgomery Co.) 160
Chester 162
Coal township (Northumberland Co.) 164
Coatesville 165
No. 6. INDEX, 605
Page.
Columbia 166
Conshohocken 169
Corry 170
Danville 173
DuBois, 175
Dunmore 178
Easton 180
Erie, 181
Franklin 183
Greensburg 185
Hanover 187
Harrisburg 188
, Hazle township (Luzerne Co.), 190
Hazleton 191
Homestead , 192
Huntingdon 193
Jeannette 195
Johnstown, 195
Lancaster, 198
Lansf ord 200
Lebanon, 202
Lock Haven 204
Lower Merion township (Montgomery Co.) 205
Mahanoy City 206
Mahanoy township (Schuylkill Co.), 208
Meadville 209
Middletown , 210
Milton. 211
Minersville, 212
Monessen 213
Mount Carmel 216
Nanticoke 216
New Brighton 217
New Castle, 218
Newport township (Luzerne Co.) 218
Norristown, 219
Oil City 220
Olyphant 221
Phoenixville 223
Pittsburg 224
Pottstown 226
Pottsville 228
Radnor township (Delaware Co.) , 229
Reading 230
Rochester 234
Scr.x.'uon 235
Sha mokin 237
Shai on , 238
Shenandoah 239
Sheraden 240
South Bothlehf ■ • 241
South Sh\ron, 242
606 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Off. Doc.
Page.
Steelton 244
Sunbury , 244
Tamaqua 246
Tarentum , 247
Taylor 248
Titusville, ♦ 249
Tyrone 249
Waynesboro , 2St»
West Chester 251
Wilkes-Barre , .- 254
Wilkinsburg, 256
Williamsport 258
York, 261
REPORTS OP PRINCIPALS OF STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS.
Page.
West Chester 263
Millersville, 264
Kutztown 266
East Stroudsburg, 267
Mansfield 268
Bloomsburg 269
Shippensburg 272
Lock Haven 274
Indiana 275
California 276
Slippery Rock 277
Edinboro , 280
Clarion , 283
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,
GDNKRAL ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
ANNUAL. WRITTEN DEPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, V
Average length of school term by counties, 516
Average monthly wages of male teachers 514
Average monthly wages of female teachers 515
BIENNIAL REPORT OF HIGHER EDUCATION.
College and university council 580
Comparative statistics , 585
Decrease in professional students, 580
Expense of college education, 581
Letter of transmission 579
Relation of colleges to vocation of teaching, 580
Relation of education to peace and war 583
Relation of high schools to colleges, 583
STATISTICAL TABLES OF HIGHER EDUCATION:
Colleges of pharmacy , 586
Colleges and universities , 586
Dental colleges, 586
Law schools, 586
Medical colleges 586
Theological seminaries, 586
Veterinary medicine 586
Committees on permanent certificates, 533
Cornplanter Indian school , 510
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS:
Business and commercial schools 567
Colleges and institutions for orphans, 568
Colleges of pharmacy 591
Colleges and universities 591
Dental colleges 591
Industrial schools 568
Law schools 591
Medical colleges , 590
Schools of music 569
Soldiers' Orphan Schools 569
Theological seminaries 590
Veterinary medicine 591
(607)
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Page.
HIGH SCHOOLS:
Hig-h schools in townships which receive appropriation 511
High schools, principals of 519
Tabular statement of high schools 519
Index to written report of Superintendent of Public Instruction I
Index to written and statistical reports of county superintendents, .. 603
Index to written reports of city, borough and township superinten-
dents 604
Index to written reports of principals of State normal schools, 606
NORMAL SCHOOLS:
Date of recognition , 538
Debts 540
Distribution of State aid 510
Expenses and improvements, 540
Expenditures, 541
History, 538
Insurance 541
Income 541
Libraries, ; . . . 540
Principals, list of 599
Professors and teachers , 538
Students, expenses 541
Students, number of 538
Value of property 540
PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL OFFICERS:
Offlcers of the Department 599
Principals of State normal schools 599
County superintendents 600
City, borough and township superintendents 601
Permanent certificates issued 533
Permanent certificates, names of members of committees, 533
STATISTICAL TABLES:
General statistics of the State XVI
Comparison with preceding year XVII
Comparison, not including Philadelphia XVII
Philadelphia, XVIII
Tabular statement by counties and districts 286
School houses, schools, examinations, teachers, visitations, etc.,
in several counties 550
School Houses, schools, examinations, teachers, visitations, etc.,
in cities, boroughs and townships having a separate superin-
tendent 554
County and city institutes, 544
Normal schools, 538
Educational institutions other than State normal schools, by
counties, 6g2
No. 6. INDEX. 609
Page.
Districts having a school term of six, seven, eight, nine or ten
months 518
Schools having a term of six, seven, eight, nine or ten months, B17
Statistical statement of the school system since its establishment
under the present law, 508
WRITTEN REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC
INSTRUCTION:
Letter of transmittal, Ill
School accommodations, V
Contradictory legislation, VI
Schooling and crime, VI
The loss of school virtues VII
The classes of children to be provided for , VIII
Empty school houses IX
Good teachers X
Substitute teachers X
Examinations Xl
The school appropriation XII
Comparison of appropriations made by the Legislature in 1895 and
1905 XII
Teachers' retirement fund, XIII
Enrolment of children XIV
High school inspection XIV
More money for school purposes, XIV
Statistical statement, XVI
39-^6—1906.
(610)
P^ 4- P v» e v> ft, P_ .
la -I S V
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