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Report  on  the  census 
of  Cuba,  1899 


Jnited  States.  War  Dept.  Cuban  Census  Office,  Joseph 
^rentiss  Sanger,  Henry  Gannett,  Walter  Francis  Willcox 


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HARVARD   UNIVERSITY 


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ARCH.4:0L0GY   AND    ETHNOLOGY 

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^     ^*vJ.    WAR    d'ePARTMENT, 
Oir-FICIC    DIRKCTOK    CENSUS    OF    CUBA. 


REPORT 


ON  THK 


CENSUS   OF   CUBA, 


18  99. 


LT.  COL  J.  P.  SANGER,  Inspector-General, 

DIRECTOR. 

KEN'RY    G-ANNETT,  ^VALXKR    K".   ^WILl^COX, 

STATISTICAL  EXPERTS. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT   PRINTING   OFFICE, 
1900. 


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CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Letter  of  transmittal  of  the  Director  of  the  Census  to  the  Secretary  of  War  ...  9 

Proclamation  of  the  President  authorizing  the  census 10 

Organization  of  census 10 

The  field  work 11 

Geography 17 

Political  divisions 17 

Coast  regions 18 

Qrc>graphy 19 

Drainage  systems 20 

^ *— ■''"~-— ^— ^^^iii                      20 


ERRATA. 

PUge  51.  For  "  Valasquez"  read  Vt»ljii«,inia. 
PSage  60.  For  "  disordorly  "  read  ilimmMy, 
PBgel31.  For  "consentaal"  retul  cmmttmuul 
ftige204.  For  "Tinadad**  read  TrinUlmi 
P^205.  For  ''Jiqnani"  read  Jlguani, 


Intervention  by  the  United  Htates 

Political  organization 4^ 

Municipal  government 44 

Provincial  government 50 

Insular  government 51 

Former  representation  in  the  Spanish  Cortes 55 

Cuban  republics  declared 55 

United  States  military  government 55 

The  judiciary 55 

Population,  aboriginal,  history  of 65 

Population,  black,  history  of 67 

Population,  coolie,  history  of 69 

J^WJusaion  of  the  tables 72 

The  total  population 72 

Density  of  population 73 

Urban  population 76 

3 


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CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Letter  of  transmittal  of  the  Director  of  the  Census  to  the  Secretary  of  War  ...  9 

Proclamation  of  the  President  authorizing  the  census 10 

Organization  of  census 10 

The  field  work 11 

Geography 17 

Political  divisions 17 

Coast  regions 18 

Orography 19 

Drainage  systems 20 

Mineral  resources 20 

Climate 21 

Flora 22 

Fauna 23 

Hiatory 24 

Discovery  of  the  island 24 

First  settlement 25 

Colonization  and  early  government 25 

Causes  affecting  progress 27 

Trade  restrictions  and  monopolies 28 

Ezx>ort  and  import  duties 28 

Smuggling 29 

Excessive  taxation 29 

Lack  of  hanking  ftudlities 31 

Eoonomic,  rather  than  political,  conditions  the  cause  of  the  slow  prog- 
ress of  the  island 32 

Governors,  character  and  administration  of 32 

Insurrections,  causes  and  results  of 33 

Intervention  by  the  United  States 40 

Political  organization 43 

Municipal  government 44 

Provincial  government 50 

Insular  government 51 

Former  representation  in  the  Spanish  Cortes 55 

Cuban  republics  declared 55 

United  States  military  government 55 

The  judiciary 55 

Population,  aboriginal,  history  of 65 

Population,  black,  history  of 67 

Population,  coolie,  history  of 69 

Discussion  of  the  tables 72 

The  total  population 72 

Density  of  population 73 

Urban  population 76 

3 


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4  CONTENTS. 

Discussion  of  the  tables — Continued.  "fttge. 

Center  of  population 77 

Distribution  in  altitude 80 

Sex 80 

Age 84 

Age  by  provinces 90 

Age  by  sex : 92 

Nativity  and  race 96 

Foreign-bom  population  in  cities 99 

Citizenship 100 

Of  Habana  province 103 

Of  Habanacity 103 

Of  Matanzas 106 

Of  Pinardel  Rio 107 

Of  Puerto  Principe 108 

Of  Santa  Clara 109 

Of  Santiago  de  Cuba 110 

Families 112 

Marital  condition 117 

The  married 118 

Persons  living  together  as  husband  and  wife  by  mutual  consent 131 

The  widowed 142 

The  single 146 

Literacy 147 

School  attendance 150 

Literacy  among  persons  over  10  years  of  age 152 

Occupations 154 

Sanitary  condition  of  dwellings  and  unoccupied  houses 167 

Dwellings  and  families 167 

Source  of  water  supply 170 

DisiKjsition  of  garbage 175 

Disposition  of  excreta 176 

POPULATION   TABLES. 

L  Total  population  at  different  censuses 179 

II.  Total  i)opulation,  by  provinces,  in  1899,  1887,  and  1861 179 

III.  Total  population  by  municipal  districts  in  1899  and  1887 179 

IV.  Total  population  by  wards  and  by  cities 181 

V.  Rural  i)opulation  by  municipal  districts,  with  area  and  density. . .  191 

VI.  Sex,  general  nativity  and  color,  by  provinces  and  municipal  dis- 
tricts    194 

VII.  Percentages  of  population  by  sex,  general  nativity,  and  color,  by 

municipal  districts 200 

VIII.  Sex  and  age  groups,  by  municipal  districts 202 

IX.  Race,  nativity,  sex,  and  5-year  age  periods 206 

X.  Birthplace,  l>y  provinces  and  municipal  districts 218 

XI.  Country  of  birth,  by  race,  and  by  provinces  and  cities 220 

XII.  Citizenship,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts 225 

XIII.  Citizenship,  literacy,  and  education,  by  provinces  and  municipal 

districts 228 

XIV.  Citizenship,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces  and 

cities 251 

XV.  Conjugal  condition,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts 299 

XVI.  Conjugal  condition,  by  race,  sex,  and  nativity 302 


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CONTENTS.  5 

XVII.  Conjugal  condition,  by  race,  eex,  nativity,  and  age,  by  provinces 

and  cities 306 

XVm.  Illegitimate  children,  by  provinces  and  cities 354 

XIX.  School  attendance,  literacy,  and  superior  education,  by  provinces 

and  municipal  districts 368 

XX.  literacy,  by  age,  sex,  nativity,  and  race,  by  provinces  and  cities.  361 
XXI.  School  attendance,  by  months,  by  sex,  race,  nativity,  and  age,  by 

provinces  and  cities 385 

XXn.  Higher  education,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces 

and  cities 401 

XXIII.  Occupation  groups,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces  and 

cities 403 

XXIV.  Occupation  groups,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  municipal  districts  406 
XXV.  Occupation  groups,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces 

and  cities 438 

XXVI.  Occupations,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  for  the  island 462 

XXVII.  Occupation8,by  age  and  sex,  for  the  island 463 

XXVIII.  Occupations,  by  citizenship  and  sex,  for  the  island 465 

XXIX.  Occupations,  by  sex  and  education,  for  the  island 467 

XXX.  Occupations,  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition,  for  the  island 469 

XXXI.  Occupations,  by  sex  and  country  of  birth,  for  the  island 472 

XXXII.  Occupations,  by  provinces 476 

XXXm.  Selected  occupations,  by  age,  sex,  and  race,  by  provinces 477 

XXXrV.  Selected  occupations,  by  age  and  sex,  by  provinces 480 

XXXV.  Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  citizenship,  by  provinces 485 

XXXVI.  Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  education,  by  provinces 489 

XXXVTI.  Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition,  by  provinces.  494 

XXXVin.  Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  country  of  birth,  by  provinces. . .  499 

XXXIX.  Number  and  size  of  tamilies,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts.  507 

XL.  Dwellings  and  families,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts 512 

'    XI4I.  Source  of  water  supply,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts 514 

XLII.  Disposition  of  garbage,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts 517 

XLin.  Disposition  of  excreta,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts 520 

Agriculture,  history  of ,  in  Cuba 523 

Sugar 524 

Tobacco 533 

Coffee 537 

Cocoa 539 

Fruit 539 

Inferior  agricultural  implements 539 

Poor  country  roads 539 

Stock  raising 539 

Number  of  coffee,  sugar,  and  tobacco  plantations,  cattle  ranches,  and  cattle. .  540 

Discussion  of  results 541 

Farm  areas 542 

Farm  tenure 544 

Size  of  farms 546 

Products 547 

Tables  of  agriculture 553 

XLIV.  Farm  areas 553 

XLV.  Tenure,  by  race  and  by  size  of  farms,  number 555 

XLVI.  Tenure,  by  race  and  by  size  of  farms,  cultivated  area 556 

XLVn.  Products 558 

XLVllI.  Sugar  plantations,  classified  by  area 560 


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6  CONTENTS. 

Tables  of  agriculture— Continued.  Pag©. 

XLIX.  Sugar  plantations,  number  and  average  size 560 

L.  Tobacco  plantations,  classified  by  area 560 

LI.  Tobacco  plantations,  number  and  average  size 560 

HI.  Livestock 561 

Education  in  Cuba,  history  of 565 

Royal  University  of  Habana 566 

Public  schools  under  the  Spanish  regime 566 

School  laws  and  systems 577 

Teachers'  pensions  and  substitute  teacheis 582 

Salaries  of  teacheis 583 

School  law  of  June  30,  1900 585 

Institute  collegiate  course,  1900 600 

University  of  Habana,  reorganization  of 606 

Discussion  of  tables 615 

Tables  of  schools 618 

Lin.  Schools 618 

LIV.  Pupils 619 

APPBNDICBB. 

I.  War  Department  orders  organizing  the  census 621 

II.  War  Department  orders  appointing  disbursing  officers  of  the  cen- 
sus in  Cuba 625 

III.  Report  of  the  assistant  director,  V.  H.  Olmsted 625 

Reports  of  the  supervisors 627 

IV.  Province  of  Habana,  Sefior  Manuel  Rasoo 627 

V.         Province  of  Matanzas,  Prof.  Claudio  Dimiaa 631 

VI.          Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  Sefior  Pedro  Pequefio 638 

VII.          Province  of  Puerto  Principe,  Sefior  Augustin  H.  Aguera 640 

VIII.          Province  Of  Santa  Clara,  Sefior  Juan  Bautista  Jiminez 647 

IX.         Province  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  Sefior  Sabas  Meneses 652 

X.  Report  of  enumerator  of  Zapata  Swamp,  Sixto  Agramonte ....'..  658 

XI.  Report  of  enumeration  of  the  north  coast  of  Matanzas 665 

XII.  Report  of  enumerator  Maria  Nunez  de  Villavicencio 666 

XIII.  List  of  enumerators 668 

XIV.  Contract  with  the  Tabulating  Machine  Company 695 

XV.  List  of  the  Governors  of  Cuba 696 

XVI.  List  of  municipal  districts,  with  dates  of  organization  and  memo- 
randum on  territorial  changes  since  1861 698 

XVII.  Memorandum  on  previous  censuses 702 

XVIII.  Memorandum  on  vital  statistics 714 

XIX.  Article  on  population,  translated  from  Pezuela's  Dictionary 727 

XX.  Bibliography 737 

XXI.  Statement  of  estimates  and  disbursements  on  behalf  of  the  census.  738 

Index 740 


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LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


MAPS. 

Map  of  Cuba 18 

Increase  and  decrease  of  population 72 

Density  of  rural  population 74 

Size  of  cities 76 

Distribution  of  sex 80 

Proportion  of  native  white  inhabitants 96 

Proportion  of  foreign  white  inhabitants 98 

Proportion  of  colored  inhabitants 100 

Average  size  of  families 114 

Proportion  of  married  persons  to  population 118 

Proportion  of  those  living  together  by  mutual  consent  to  total  population 132 

Proportion  of  illiterates  to  total  population 152 

DIAGRAMS. 

Population  classified  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces 82 

Population  by  age  and  sex 84 

Citizenship  by  birthplace  and  iUiteracy 102 

The  city  of  Habana 114 

Size  of  families 116 

Conjugal  condition,  by  race,  sex,  and  age .* 120 

Conjugal  condition,  by  provinces 1 24 

Illiteracy  by  race  and  nativity 148 

Illiteracy  by  provinces 150 

Occupations  by  race,  sex,  and  nativity 156 

Occupations  by  provinces 160 

Bhrth  rates 716 

Marriage  rates .• 718* 

Death  rates 719 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  REPRODUCTIONS. 

Supervisors  of  the  Cuban  census Frontispiece. 

Yumuri  Valley 20 

General  landscape  of  cultivated  farms 20 

Cave  of  Ballamar,  near  Matanzas 22 

Ruins  of  copper  mines  at  £1  Cobre  and  Sierra  Maestre 24 

Surrender  Tree,  near  San  Juan 40 

Habana 42 

Habana 44 

Matanzas ' 46 

Bridge  over  Yumuri  River  at  Matanzas 48 

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8  LIST   OF  ILLUSTBATI0N8. 

Pinar  del  Rio 60 

Puerto  Principe 62 

Santa  Clara 64 

Santiago  de  Cuba 66 

Entrance  to  harbor  of  Cienfuegoe 68 

Nuevitas 60 

Trinidad 62 

Sancti  Spiritus,  from  roof  of  orderly  quarters 64 

Baracoa  and  entrance  to  harbor 66 

Dimas,  village  in  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio 68 

Native  white  family , 70 

Native  colored  family 70 

Native  plow 522 

Plowing  with  oxen 622 

Sugar  mill,  province  of  Santa  Clara 624 

Cutting  and  stripping  cane 626 

Transporting  cane  to  sugar  mills 628 

Central  Conchita 630 

Sugar  machinery /'Central  Caracas,'' province  of  Santa  Clara , 632 

Tobacco  plant 634 

Setting  out  young  tobacco  plants 634 

Tobacco  plantation,  province  of  Santa  Clara 636 

Tobacco-d rying  house 636 

Sorting  tobacco  and  putting  it  in  bundles 636 

Baling  tobacco 638 

Tobacco  train 638 

Fruit  exhibit 540 

Ready  to  cut  pines  and  bananas 642 

Cocoa  grove -. 644 

Pinery 546 

Avenue  of  Royal  Palms,  Matanzas 648 

Climbing  the  royal  palm 650 

Roping  cattle 652 

Typical  municipal  school  building 566 

School  for  girls,  Matanzas 670 

Municipal  school,  Matanzas 672 

Pupils  of  the  collie  **01avarrette,"  Habana 676 

. Exterior  ** University  of  Habana,"  as  seen  from  O'Reilly  street 684 

Class  in  the  corridor  of  the  ** Royal  College,"  Habana.  .1 688 

Coll^;e  "Maria  Louisa  Dolorosa," 692 

Royal  College  of  Helen,  Habana 600 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  province  of  Habana *  628 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  province  of  Matanzas 632 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  Pinar  del  Rio 638 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  province  of  Puerto  Principe 640 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  province  of  Santa  Clara 648 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  Santiago  de  Cuba 652 

Female  enumerators,  Habana 658 

Enumerators  of  the  city  of  Matanzas 662 

Enumerators,  dty  of  Cardenas 666 


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LETTER  OF  TRANSMIHAL. 


War  Depabtment,  Cuban  Census, 

Washington^  August  25^  1900. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  census 
of  Cuba: 

-  In  the  early  part  of  July,  1899,  I  received  instructionH  from  the 
Hon.  Russell  A.  Alger,  Secretary  of  War,  to  prepare  a  *' memoran- 
dum-' for  a  census  of  Cuba.  In  August,  immediately  after  your 
arrival  in  Washington,  this  "memorandum"  was  submitted  to  the 
Director  of  the  United  States  Census,  Hon.  W.  R.  Merriam,  the 
Assistant  Director,  Dr.  F.  H.  Wines,  and  Mr.  William  C.  Hunt,  chief 
statistician.  After  consultation  with  the  War  Department  it  was 
decided  that  a  census  covering  the  field  of  inquiry  usual  in  the  United 
States  was  not  expedient  for  Cuba,  in  view  of  existing  conditions; 
that  the  schedules  should  be  limited  to  population,  agriculture,  and 
education,  as  the  three  subjects  of  most  importance;  that  the  geneml 
plan  of  the  United  States  census  should  be  followed;  and  that,  to  save 
time,  the  schedules  and  other  blank  forms  necessary  for  the  enumera- 
tion of  a  population  estimated  ^t  1,600,000  be  printed  at  once.  The 
estimated  cost  of  taking  the  census  on  this  basis,  together  with  a 
statement  of  the  amount  disbursed,  will  be  found  in  Apj)endix  XXI. 
As  the  Senate  Committee  on  Cuban  Relations,  of  which  iSenator 
O.  H.  Piatt  is  chairman,  will  publish  an  itemized  statement  of  the 
expenditures,  they  are  omitted,  to  avoid  unnecessary  repetition. 

It  was  proposed  in  the  *' memorandum"  that  the  census  be  taken 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Militaiy  Governor  of  the  island  by  cer- 
tain Cuban  officials,  assisted  by  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  United 
States  Army,  but  as  the  census  was  primarily  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Cubans,  and  as  the  work  would  demonstrate  in  some  measure  their 
capacity  to  perform  an  important  civil  duty,  it  was  decided  by  the 
Secretary  of  War  that  the  offices  of  supervisors  and  enumerators 
should  be  filled  by  Cubans,  and  that  the  field  work  should  be  per- 
foi-med  by  them,  under  the  supervision  of  an  experienced  officer  of 
the  United  States  census,  so  that  when  the  enumeration  should  be 
completed  it  would  be  a  census  of  Cubans  by  Cubans. 

No  decision  could  have  been  more  fortunate,  and,  coupled  with  the 
proclamation  of  the  President,  in  which  the  census  was  declared  to 


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10  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 

be  a  preliminary  step  in  the  establishment  of  an  effective  system  of 
self-government,  was  the  first,  as  it  was  the  highest,  expression  of  con- 
fidence on  the  part  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  in  the 
capacity  and  patriotism  of  the  Cubans,  removing  all  feeling  of  sus- 
picion as  to  the  object  of  the  enumeration,  and  placing  the  census  at 
once  eii  rapport  with  the  people.  Hundreds  of  intelligent  and  trust- 
worthy men  and  women  volunteered  to  serve  as  enumerators  without 
pay,  and  the  order  of  the  President  was  received  throughout  the 
island  with  great  satisfaction. 

In  no  other  way  could  such  a  manifestation  of  good  feeling  and  of 
faith  in  the  intentions  of  this  Government  have  been  elicited,  and 
the  result  proved  the  wisdom  of  the  measures.  While  some  errors 
may  have  crept  into  the  work,  and  while  possibly  there  are  some 
omissions,  it  should  not  be  forgotten  that  this  is  the  first  attempt  of 
the  Cubans  to  take  a  census,  and  that  the  difficulties  attending  it  have 
been  numerous,  serious,  and  not  easily  surmounted.  But  whatever 
its  defects,  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  people  of  Cuba  and  of  the  expert 
tabulators  and  statisticians  who  have  been  engaged  in  compiling  and 
analyzing  the  figures  that  they  bear  the  impress  of  honest  work,  that 
the  census  was  taken  rapidly  and  far  more  accurately  than  could  have 
been  expected,  and  that  in  this  respect  it  will  compare  favorably  with 
any  census  of  the  United  States. 

The  different  steps  by  which  this  was  accomplished  were  as  follows: 
An  estimate  was  prepared  of  the  probable  cost  of  the  census,  based  on 
the  supposed  population  and  the  employment  of  Cubans  as  supervisors 
and  enumerators;  a  careful  study  was  made  of  the  necessary  organiza- 
tion in  all  its  details,  and  the  best  way  to  cany  on  the  work  in  harmony 
with  the  general  administration  of  the  island.  At  the  same  time  the 
Military  Governor  of  Cuba  was  directed  to  nominate  suitable  Cubans 
as  supervisors  of  the  census  for  the  six  provinces  of  the  island  and  to 
order  them  to  Washington.  This  was  done,  and  on  their  arrival, 
August  17,  they  were  received  by  Dr.  Wines  and  Mr.  Hunt,  of  the 
United  States  Census  Office,  and  by  Mr.  Olmsted,  of  the  Department 
of  Labor,  and  for  two  weeks  were  carefully  instructed  in  their  duties 
as  supervisors  with  a  view  to  their  becoming,  in  turn,  instructors*  of 
the  enumerators. 

On  August  17  the  following  proclamation  of  the  President  was 
issued: 

ExBCunvB  Mansion,  August  17,  1899, 
To  the  people  of  Cuba: 

The  disorganized  condition  of  your  island  resulting  from  the  war  and  the  absence 
of  any  generally  recognized  authority  aside  from  the  temporary  military  control  of 
the  United  States  have  made  it  necessary  that  the  United  States  should  follow  the 
restoration  of  order  and  peaceful  industry  by  giving  its  assistance  and  superN'ision  to 
the  successive  steps  by  which  yo"  will  proceed  to  the  establishment  of  an  effective 
system  of  self-government. 


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LSTTEB   OF   TRANSMITTAL.  11 

As  a  preliminary  step  in  the  performance  of  this  duty,  I  have  directed  that  a  census 
of  the  people  of  Cuha  be  taken,  and  have  appointed  competent  and  disinterested 
citis^is  of  CMba  as  enumerators  and  supervisors. 

It  is  important  for  the  proper  arrangement  of  your  new  government  that  the 
information  sought  shall  be  fully  and  accurately  given,  and  I  request  that  by  every 
means  in  your  power  you  aid  the  officers  appointed  in  the  x)erformance  of  their 
duties. 

William  McKinley. 

As  there  were  no  general  census  laws  in  Cuba  it  was  necessary  to 
promulgate  orders  which  would  have  the  effect  of  laws,  organizing  the 
census,  defining  the  duties  of  the  census  officials,  and  the  obligations  of 
the  people  in  respect  thereto.  Accordingly,  August  19,  the  necessary 
Executive  orders  were  issued  (Appendix  I),  and  on  the  23d  the  order 
appointing  the  disbursing  officers  (Appendix  II).  These  orders  were 
sent  to  the  Military  Grovernor  of  Cuba  for  promulgation  in  English 
and  Spanish. 

Having  been  thoroughly  instructed  in  their  duties,  and  in  the  mean- 
ing of  the  regulations,  schedules,  and  other  blank  forms  for  carrying 
on  the  work,  and  being  duly  impressed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  with 
ibe  responsibilities  of  their  office,  the  supervisors  left  for  Cuba,  August 
23,  and  were  followed,  August  27,  by  the  Assistant  Director  of  the 
census,  with  his  office  force. 

Thus  far  the  work  of  the  census  had  been  confin^  to  Washington. 
The  field  work,  attended  with  many  difficulties,  was  now  to  follow. 

THE   FIELD   WORK. 

This  was  carried  on  under  the  inomiediate  supervision  of  the  Assistant 
Director,  Mr.  Victor  H.  Olmsted,  an '  experienced  official  of  the 
United  States  Census,  who  exhibited  from  first  to  last  the  mental, 
moral,  and  physical  qualities  necessary  for  the  successful  prosecution 
of  the  work.  By  dint  of  great  patience,  perseverance,  unusual  activ- 
ity, and  tact  he  was  able  to  win  the  confidence  of  the  supervisors  and 
enumerators,  to  instruct  them  in  their  duties,  and  to  carry  the  work 
to  a  successful  conclusion — no  easy  task  for  a  foreigner  and  nonresi- 
dent of  the  island,  as  for  many  years  its  inhabitants  had  always  con- 
nected the  census  with  taxation  and  compulsory  military  service, 
toward  which  they  had  a  strong  natural  aversion. 

Mr.  Olmsted  was  directed  to  establish  his  office  in  the  city  of  Santa 
Clara,  which  was  selected  as  a  geographical  center  and  as  affording 
sanitary  and  other  conditions  favorable  to  the  work.  His  report  is 
submitted  herewith.     (Appendix  III.) 

The  first  step  in  organizing  the  field  work  was  the  formation  of  the 
enumeration  districts,  and  for  this  purpose  accurate  maps  of  the 
provinces  and  municipalities  were  almost  indispensable.  Foreseeing 
thifc},  the  Military  Governor  was  directed,  August  8,  to  have  such  maps 
prepared,  but  it  was  not  until  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Olmsted  in  Habana, 


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12  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OK   CUBA,  1899. 

August  31,  that  much  progress  was  made  in  this  direction.  On  that 
date,  learning  that  the  military  authorities  in  Habana  had  no  suitable 
maps,  he  telegraphed  to  the  military,  civil,  and  judicial  authorities 
throughout  the  island  to  furnish  him  such  maps  as  they  had,  and  later 
discovered  in  the  insular  state  department  a  map,  said  to  be  the  only 
one  of  its  kind  in  existence,  showing  the  boundaries  of  the  judicial 
and  municipal  districts  in  each  province,  but  several  years  old,  and 
requiring  revision. 

As  soon  as  the  available  maps  had  been  collected  the  number  and 
boundaries  of  the  enumeration  districts  were  determined,  subject  to 
such  changes  as  might  be  necessary  after  the  supervisors  had  looked 
over  the  ground.     This  was  a  work  of  great  difficulty. 

Paragraph  VIII  of  the  order  organizing  the  census  pi'escribed  that 
the  boundaries  of  the  enumeration  districts  should  be  described  by  civil 
divisions — rivers,  roads,  public  surveys,  and  other  easily  distinguished 
lines.  But  it  was  soon  ascertained  that,  owing  to  the  imperfections 
of  the  maps,  little  reliance  could  be  placed  on  their  topographical 
representations,  and  that,  except  in  the  cities,  the  boundaries  of  the 
minor  civil  divisions  were  not  always  given,  and  even  when  they  were 
the  lines  of  surburban  and  rural  wards  could  not  be  determined, 
because,  as  was  subsequently  discovered,  they  had  apparently  over- 
lapped in  some  locations  or  were  situated  in  two  different  municipali- 
ties, and  the  claims  of  the  respective  local  authorities  had  not  been 
adjusted. 

To  avoid  the  double  enumeration  liable  to  result  from  thb,  it  was 
decided  to  indicate  the  areas  of  rural  and  suburban  enumemtion  dis- 
tricts which  could  not  be  defined  as  the  orders  prescribed  by  desig- 
nating the  ward  or  wards  to  be  included  in  their  limits  and  by  directing 
the  enumerators  to  inquire  whether  the  f)er8on8  and  premises  visited 
by  them  had  been  visited  and  enumerated  before,  and  if  they  had,  to 
pass  them  by.  Each  enumerator  was  also  required  to  post  a  printed 
notice  on  all  buildings  visited  by  him,  giving  the  date  of  his  visit, 
which  was  designed  as  an  additional  safeguard  against  double 
enumeration. 

By  September  13  Cuba  had  been  divided  into  1,315  enumeration 
districts.  Later  on,  owing  to  the  scattered  state  of  the  population, 
the  great  difficulties  of  communication  in  the  rural  districts,  and 
the  importance  of  completing  the  enumei-ation  within  the  time  desig- 
nated by  the  President,  it  was  found  necessary  to  increase  this  number 
to  1,607, 

The  enumeration  districts  having  been  established,  the  appointment 
of  enumerators  followed.  As  the  value  of  the  statistics  to  be  col- 
lected depended  entirely  on  the  fidelity  and  intelligence  of  the  enu- 
merators, the  supervisors  were  cautioned  to  exercise  great  care  in 
their  selection,  and  were  informed  that  women  were  not  necessarily 


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LJETTER   OF   TRANSMITTAL.  13 

disqualified  on  account  of  their  sex.  One  hundred  and  forty-two 
women  were  appointed  enumerators  and  rendered  excellent  service, 
and  it  is  said  that  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  Cuba,  women 
were  given  public  employment. 

To  prepare  the  enumerators  for  their  work  and,  so  far  as  practicable, 
to  guard  against  errors  in  the  returns,  one  or  more  enumerators  in 
each  municipality  were  directed  to  report  to  the  supervisor  for 
instruction,  becoming  in  turn  the  teachers  of  the  other  enumerators 
in  the  district.  This  they  did  by  assembling  in  classes  and  going  care- 
fully over  the  orders,  schedules,  etc.,  and  testing  their  knowledge 
by  the  actual  preparation  of  the  papers  required  in  the  regulations. 
All  enumerators  were  told  that  in  doubtful  cases  of  literacy  the  person 
to  be  enumerated  should  be  required  to  read  and  write  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  enumerator,  and,  as  far  as  could  be  ascertained  by  very 
careful  inquiries,  this  was  done. 

As  soon  as  appointed  each  enumerator  was  given  a  commission  and 
full  field  kit,  and  was  then  ready  for  the  work.  Some  of  those  assigned 
to  rural  and  suburban  districts  performed  their  duties  at  the  peril  of 
their  lives,  and  all  of  the  rural  enumerators  were  subjected  to  much 
personal  risk  and  discomfort,  owing  to  the  condition  of  the  roads  and 
streams,  the  prevalence  of  rain,  and  the  depleted  and  sparsely  settled 
state  of  the  country.     (Appendix  IV  to  XII.) 

A  full  list  of  the  eniunerators  will  be  found  in  Appendix  XIII,  and 
among  the  illustrations  groups  of  those  with  whom  the  Director  came 
m  contact  during  his  tour  of  inspection  in  November  and  December. 

For  the  accuracy  with  which  this  census  has  been  taken  the  Cubans 
connected  with  it  are  certainly  entitled  to  the  credit  and  distinction  of 
being  faithful  and  intelligent  pioneers  in  the  discharge  of  civil  duties 
never  before  intrusted  to  them. 

On  the  10th  of  November  the  Director  of  the  Census  left  Washing- 
ton on  a  tour  of  inspection,  to  enable  him  to  ascertain,  as  far  as  possi- 
ble, in  what  estimation  the  work  of  the  census  was  held  by  the  peo- 
ple; to  inspect  the  ofiices  of  the  assistant  director  and  supervisors;  to 
see  and  question  as  many  enimierators  as  could  be  collected  together 
in  the  large  cities;  to  determine  the  best  disposition  to  be  made  of  the 
census  property,  and  on  what  date  the  clerical  work  incident  to  the 
examination  of  the  schedules  could  be  closed,  and  the  latter  shipped  to 
Washington. 

The  result  of  this  inspection  was  satisfactory.  The  offices  of  the 
supervisors  were  f oimd  in  good  order,  the  secretaries,  clerks,  and  the 
enumerators  intelligent  and  very  much  interested  in  their  work,  and, 
as  a  rule,  the  schedules  accurately  and  neatly  prepared. 

After  consultation  with  Mr.  Olmsted,  it  was  decided  to  close  the 
work  December  31,  discharging  all  Cubans  who  might  be  connected 
with  it  on  that  date,  except  the  supervisors,  and  to  bring  the  latter, 


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14  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1809. 

with  their  schedules,  and  Mr.  Oknsted  and  party  from  Genfuegos  to 
Washington  January  6.  It  was  thought  advisable  to  bring  the  super- 
visors to  Washington,  that  they  might  make  the  gross  count  of  the 
population  and  be  on  hand  to  explain  any  ambiguities  or  defects  which 
might  be  discovered  in  the  schedules;  to  supervise  the  punching  of 
the  cards  from  which  the  tables  were  to  be  made,  and  to  learn  the 
entire  method  of  handling  the  statistics.  This  progranune  was  ctir- 
ried  out,  and  Mr.  Olmsted  and  his  companions,  with  the  records, 
arrived  in  Washington  January  15. 

The  gross  count  of  the  population  was  completed  and  certified  by 
the  supervisors  by  January  31,  and  on  February  1  a  contract  was 
made  with  the  Tabulating  Machine  Company  of  Washington  (Appen- 
dix XIV),  and  the  work  of  punching  the  cards  was  commenced.  This 
was  continued  under  the  supervisors  until  completed,  March  24,  and 
between  April  1  and  10  they  returned  to  their  homes,  having  labored 
conscientiously,  intelligently,  and  successfully  in  the  discharge  of  their 
important  duties.  Their  reports  are  submitted.  (Appendices  IV 
to  IX.) 

As  much  public  interest  had  been  shown  in  the  results  of  the  census, 
it  was  decided  not  to  await  the  preparation  of  the  full  report,  but  to 
publish  census  bulletins  containing  condensed  tables  with  a  brief  anal- 
ysis of  their  contents.  The  first  bulletin,  in  English  and  Spanish, 
appeared  May  10,  and  the  others  at  intervals  until  all,  three  in  num- 
ber, had  been  published  and  distributed,  the  English  edition  in  the 
United  States  and  Europe  and  the  Spanish  in  Cuba.  Other  tables 
essential  in  deciding  questions  connected  with  the  municipal  elections 
were  compiled  and  mailed  to  the  military  governor  of  Cuba  April  14, 
1900. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  bulletins  and  report  I  have  had  the  assist- 
ance of  Mr.  Henry  Gannett,  of  the  Geological  Survey,  and  Mr. 
Walter  F.  Willcox,  of  the  United  States  Census,  both  well  known  to 
the  scientific  world  and  thoroughly  familiar  with  census  work. 

In  addition  to  the  account  of  previous  Cuban  censuses  Appendix 
XVn  and  the  analysis  of  the  tables  to  be  found  in  this  report,  it 
has  been  thought  advisable  to  present  a  description  of  the  island  and 
a  brief  sketch  of  so  much  of  its  history  as  bears  on  its  population, 
economic  condition,  and  government.  A  list  of  the  authors  consulted 
in  this  connection  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  (XX). 

The  maps,  diagrams,  and  views  which  illustrate  the  report  were 
selected  with  sole  reference  to  their  practical  or  historic  value.  No 
attempt  at  a  general  collection  of  photographs  was  made.  The  cities 
represented  are  either  the  capitals  of  the  provinces  or,  like  Baracoa, 
among  the  oldest  settled  by  the  Spaniards.  The  landscapes  give  some 
idea  of  the  most  noticeable  topographic  features,  viz,  the  great  cen- 


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LETTEB   OF   TKAN8MITTAL.  15 

tral  uplands,  or  sugar  zone,  the  mountains,  the  beautiful  valleys,  and 
the  caves.  The  agricultural  industries  of  sugar,  tobacco,  fruit  cultiva- 
tion, and  stock  raising  are  presented  in  some  of  their  more  interesting 
details,  while  the  groups  of  supervisors,  and  enumerators,  and  the 
family  groups  are  fair  types  of  native  Cubans,  whose  tmgic  and  heroic 
struggle  for  liberty  has  excited  the  interest  of  the  whole  civilized  world. 
Very  respectfully, 

J.  P.  Sanger,  /;ia.  (renf.^ 

Director  of  the  Cenxmis, 
Hon.  EuHu  Root, 

Secretary  of  War. 


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CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Geography. 


The  government  of  Cuba  has  jurisdiction  not  only  over  the  island 
of  that  name,  but  also  over  the  Isle  of  Pines,  lying  directly  to  the 
south  of  it,  and  more  than  a  thousand  islets  and  reefs  scattered  along 
its  northern  and  southern  coasts. 

For  administrative  purposes  Cuba  is  divided  into  six  provinces 
which,  named  from  the  west  eastward,  are  Pinar  del  Rio,  Habana, 
Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  Puerto  Principe,  and  Santiago  de  Cuba.  These 
provinces  are  divided  into  municipal  districts,  of  which  Pinar  del  Rio 
contains  20,  Habana  36,  Matanzas  24,  Santa  Clara  28,  Puerto  Principe 
5,  and  Santiago  19,  making  a  total  of  132  municipal  districts. 

The  municipal  districts  are  in  turn  divided  into  barrios  or  wards, 
which  correspond  in  extent  and  organization  somewhat  with  our  elec- 
tion distncts.  The  number  of  these  in  the  entire  island  is  between 
1,100  and  1,200.  Both  municipal  districts  and  wards  differ  widely  in 
area  and  population.  The  five  districts  of  Puerto  Principe  are  large 
in  area,  while  several  in  Habana  and  one  or  two  in  Santiago  are  in 
area  little  more  than  cities.  In  population,  on  the  other  hand,  the  dis- 
tricts range  from  Habana,  with  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  million  people, 
down  to  districts  containing  little  more  than  1,000  inhabitants.  In 
popular  language,  the  island  is  divided  into  the  Vudta  Abajo^  or  the 
portion  from  the  meridian  of  Habana  to  Cape  San  Antonio;  the  Vudta 
Arriba^  from  the  meridian  of  Habana  to  that  of  Cienfuegos;  Las 
Ci/nca  VtUas^  from  the  meridian  of  Cienfuegos  to  that  of  Sancti 
Spiritus,  and  Sierra  Adentro^  from  the  latter  to  Holguin  and  Cape 
Maysi. 

Cuba,  the  most  populous  of  the  West  India  islands,  lies  directly 
south  of  Florida.  Habana  is  a  trifle  west  of  south  of  Key  West  and 
is  distant  from  it,  as  the  crow  flies,  about  100  miles,  being  separated 
f  rom'it  by  the  Strait  of  Florida.  East  of  Cuba  lies  Haiti,  the  second 
in  size  of  the  West  India  islands,  and  south  of  it  lies  Jamaica.  The 
first  of  these  islands  is  only  54  miles  distant  from  Cape  Maysi  the 
easternmost  point  of  Cuba.  The  latter  is  85  miles  distant  from  its 
southern  coast.  On  the  west,  Cuba  is  separated  by  Yucatan  Channel, 
130  miles  vride,  from  the  Peninsula  of  Yucatan,  Mexico. 

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18  REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

Thus  from  a  military  point  of  view  Cuba  occupies  a  strong  strategic 
position,  controlling  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  the  Strait 
of  Florida,  the  Windward  Passage  to  the  Caribbean  Sea  between  Cuba 
and  Haiti,  and  Yucatan  Channel,  connecting  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  with 
the  Caribbean  Sea.  The  first  and  last  of  these  are  the  only  entrances 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  which  is  thus  controlled  completely  by  the 
island  of  Cuba. 

Cuba  is  included  between  the  meridians  of  74°  and  85°  west  of 
Greenwich  and  between  the  parallels  of  19°  4^  and  23°  33'.  Its  length 
from  Cape  Maysi  on  the  east  to  Cape  San  Antonio  on  the  west  is  730 
miles.  Its  breadth  differs  greatly  in  different  parte,  ranging  from  100 
miles  in  the  east,  in  the  province  of  Santiago,  to  25  miles  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Habana.  Its  area,  which  is  more  fully  discussed  elsewhere, 
may  be  set  down  as  43,000  square  miles,  including  the  Isle  of  Pines 
and  the  keys.  It  is,  therefore,  a  little  larger  than  the  State  of  Virginia 
and  somewhat  smaller  than  Pennsylvania. 

The  north  coast  is  for  the  most  part  bluff  and  rocky,  and  in  the  prov- 
inces of  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  and  Puerto  Principe  bordered  by  lines 
of  islands  and  reefs  of  coral  formation,  the  passages  through  which 
are  extremely  intricate  and  difficult.  These  islands  are  low,  are  in  the 
main  covered  with  mangrove  forests,  and  contain  few  inhabitants. 

The  coast  is  low  in  the  western  part  of  the  island,  the  bluffs  ranging 
about  100  feet  in  height  in  Pinar  del  Rio  and  rising  gradually  east- 
ward. About  Matanzas  they  reach  500  feet  in  altitude.  In  Santa  Clara 
and  Puerto  Principe  they  are  lower,  but  in  Santiago  the  coast  is  abrupt 
and  rugged,  almost  mountainous,  rising  in  a  succession  of  terraces. 

The  south  coast  from  Cape  Maysi  to  Cape  Cruz  is  mountainous. 
Indeed,  from  Santiago  westward  to  Cape  Cruz  the  Sierra  Maestra 
rises  abruptly  from  the  water  to  altitudes  of  several  thousands  of  feet. 
The  shores  of  the  gulf  of  Buena  Esperanza,  into  which  flows  the  Rio 
Cauto,  are  low,  and  from  this  place  westward,  excepting  a  short  stretch 
between  Trinidad  and  Cienfuegos,  the  coast  is  low  and  marshy  as  far 
as  Cape  San  Antonio,  the  westernmost  point  of  the  island.  This  coast 
strip  of  marsh  is  in  the  main  narrow,  but  west  of  Cienfuegos  it  broadens 
into  a  great  expanse,  forming  the  Zapata  Swamp,  an  almost  impene- 
trable region,  75  miles  in  length  with  a  maximum  breadth  of  fully  80 
miles,  clothed  with  the  densest  vegetation  and  teeming  with  tropical 
life.  It  was  within  the  protecting  limits  of  this  marsh  that  the  Cubans 
during  the  recent  revolution  maintained  a  hospital  for  their  sic^  and 
wounded. 

Off  the  south  coast  are  hundreds  of  low,  marshy,  mangrove-covered 
islands  and  islets. 

Most  of  the  harbors  on  both  coasts  are  of  peculiar  shape,  resembling 
nothing  so  much  as  pouches  with  narrow,  often  sinuous,  entrances, 
opening  within  into  broad  expanses  completely  sheltered.    This  is  the 


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GEOGKAPHY.  19 

character  of  the  harbors  of  Habana,  Santiago,  Cicnf  uegos,  Guantanamo, 
and  many  others  less  known. 

In  its  relief  the  island  of  Cuba  is  not  a  simple  orographic  unit,  but 
presents  great  variety  and  irregularity,  which  renders  it  incapable  of 
simple  description  and  generalization.  The  middle  portion  of  the 
island,  including  the  provinces  of  Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  and 
Puerto  Principe,  presents  little  relief,  but  consists  in  the  main  of  broad, 
undulating  plains  and  shallow  valleys,  the  land  rising  only  in  a  few 
places  to  any  considerable  altitude.  It  is  only  at  the  two  extremes  of 
the  island,  in  the  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio  on  the  west  and  Santiago 
on  the  east,  that  the  island  presents  any  considerable  or  well-defined 
relief  features.  Throughout  Pinar  del  Rio  there  runs  a  range  of  hills, 
a  little  north  of  the  middle  line  of  the  province  and  closely  paralleling 
in  direction  the  northern  coast.  This  range,  which  is  fairly  well  defined, 
is  known  as  the  Cordillera  de  los  Organos,  or  Organ-  Mountains,  and 
rises  in  many  places  to  altitudes  exceeding  2,000  feet,  culminating  in 
Pan  de  Guagaibon,  having  an  altitude  of  2,500  feet.  From  the  crest 
of  this  range  the  land  descends  northward  and  southward  to  the  coast 
in  long,  undulating  slopes,  the  southward  slopes  forming  the  celebrated 
tobacco  lands  known  as  Vudta  Ahajo. 

The  central  provinces  of  Cuba,  Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  and 
Puerto  Principe  consist  mainly  of  broadly  rolling  plains,  with  shallow 
stream  valleys.  In  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santa  Clara  these  plains 
are,  or  were  prior  to  the  late  revolution,  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation, 
while  in  Puerto  Principe  they  are,  in  the  main,  used  for  the  grazing 
of  cattle.  The  valley  of  the  Yumuri,  in  Matanzas,  is  a  type  of  the 
beautiful,  highly  cultivated  region  of  this  part  of  the  island. 

The  Sierra  de  los  Organos  ceases  as  a  range  a  little  west  of  Habana, 
but  traces  of  this  uplift  can  be  followed  through  the  central  part  of 
Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  and  the  western  part  of  Puerto  Prin- 
cipe in  the  form  of  lines  of  hills  of  no  great  altitude  dotting  these 
extended  plains.  They  are  seen  south  of  the  city  of  Habana  in  the 
little  timbered  hills  known  as  the  Tetas  de  Managua,  and  farther  east 
in  the  Areas  de  Canasi,  the  Escaleras  de  Jarueo,  and  the  Pan  de  Mat- 
anzas, just  south  of  the  city  of  Matanzas.  This  rises  to  an  altitude  of 
1,300  feet  and  serves  as  a  landmark  to  sailors  far  out  in  the  Atlantic. 
In  the  eastern  part  of  Matanzas  province  these  hills  disappear,  but 
they  reappear  again  in  Santa  Clara,  taking  the  fomi  of  elongated  crest 
lines  and  flat  top  summits,  and  as  such  extend  into  the  western  part  of 
the  province  of  Puerto  Principe. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  province  of  Santa  Clara  is  a  group  of 
rounded  hills,  occupying  an  area  between  Cienf uegos,  Trinidad,  and 
Sancti  Spiritus.  The  highest  of  these,  Potrerillo,  has  an  altitude  of 
2,900  feet.     Among  these  hills  are  many  beautiful  valleys. 

Santiago,  at  the  other  end  of  the  island,  is  a  province  presenting 


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20  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

great  relief.  Its  surface  is  extremely  broken  with  high,  sharp  moun- 
tain ranges,  broad  plateaus  of  considerable  elevation,  and  deep  valleys — 
some  of  them  broad,  others  narrow  and  resembling  canyons.  The 
dominating  orographic  feature  of  the  province — indeed,  of  the  whole 
island — is  the  Sierra  Maestra,  which,  commencing  at  Cape  Cruz,  south 
of  Manzanillo,  extends  eastward,  closely  paralleling  the  coast,  from 
which  it  rises  abruptly,  as  far  east  as  the  neighborhood  of  Santiago. 
In  this  part  it  contains  many  points  exceeding  5,000  feet  in  altitude, 
and  culminates  in  Pico  Turquino,  which  is  reputed  to  have  an  altitude 
of  8,320  feet.  From  Santiago  it  extends  to  the  east  end  of  the  island, 
but  is  much  more  broken  and  has  more  of  a  plateau-like  form,  with  a 
great  diminution  in  altitude.  This  portion  of  the  range  takes  on  a 
different  name,  being  known  as  the  Cobre  Range.  It  contains  numer- 
ous flat  sununits,  approximating  8,000  feet  in  altitude,  one  of  which, 
known  as  La  Gran  Piedra,  is  said  to  have  an  altitude  of  3,300  feet. 

North  of  Sierra  Maestra  lies  the  broad  and  fertile  valley  of  the 
Cauto,  beyond  which  the  country  rises  gradually  to  a  .high  plateau 
occupying  the  interior  of  the  province,  with  a  summit  elevation  of 
1,000  feet  or  more,  on  which  stands  the  city  of  Holguin.  The  eastern 
part  of  the  province  consists  of  a  maze  of  broken  hills,  with  altitudes 
ranging  from  1,000  to  2,000  feet,  in  which  are  many  small  and  fertile 
valleys. 

The  Isle  of  Pines,  with  an  area  of  840  square  miles,  is  a  municipal 
district  of  the  province  of  Habana.  It  is  in  effect  two  islands,  con- 
nected by  a  marsh,  the  northern  being  somewhat  broken  by  hllls^  the 
southern  low,  flat,  and  sandy. 

The  rivers  of  Cuba,  though  numerous,  are  short,  and  few  of  them 
are  of  any  importance  for  navigation.  The  largest  stream  is  the  Rio 
Cauto,  which  heads  in  the  interior  of  Santiago  province  and  in  the 
north  slopes  of  Sierra  Maestra,  and  flows  westward  through  a  broad 
valley  to  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Buena  Esperanza,  after  a  course  of 
about  150  miles.  This  stream  is  navigable  for  light-draft  boats  to 
Cauto  Embarcadero,  about  50  miles  above  its  mouth. 

The  next  stream  of  importance  for  navigation  is  the  Sagua  la  Grande, 
on  the  north  slope  of  the  island,  in  Santa  Clara  province.  This,  which 
enters  the  sea  near  the  city  of  Sagua  la  Grande,  is  navigable  for  some 
20  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Several  other  streams  are  navigable  for  a  few  miles  above  their 
mouths,  but  in  most  cases  only  through  what  may  be  regarded  as  estu- 
aries. Taking  the  island  as  a  whole,  its  internal  conununications, 
except  along  the  coasts,  are  dependent  almost  entirely  upon  its  very 
few  and  poor  wagon  roads  and  its  few  railroads. 

BflNERAL.  RESOURCES. 

The  mineral  resources  of  Cuba,  so  far  as  developed,  are  few  in  num- 
ber and  not  of  great  importance.     The  principal  product  is  iron  ore, 


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CLDCATE.  21 

which  is  found  at  various  points  near  the  south  base  of  Sierra  Maestra, 
between  Santiago  and  Guantanamo.  The  ore  is  mainly  hematite,  with 
some  limonite,  and  is  found  principally  as  float,  in  great  masses  of 
bowlders.  It  is  easy  to  work  and  of  excellent  quality,  containing 
about  62  per  cent  of  iron.  A  few  occurrences  have  been  discovered 
and  mined  of  ore  in  place  in  the  rock.  There  are  three  companies 
owning  this  mining  property,  one  of  which,  the  Juragua  Company, 
has  mined  and  shipped  a  considerable  quantity  of  ore,  nearly  all  of  the 
shipments  having  gone  to  the  United  States.  Up  to  1895  the  product 
of  this  company  is  stated  at  a  trifle  over  3,000,000  tons.  Operations 
by  the  other  two  companies  have  consisted  mainly  in  development 
work,  only  a  small  quantity  of  ore  having  been  shipped  by  them.  The 
late  war,  of  course,  put  a  stop  to  mining  operations  and  much  of  the 
mining  plant  was  destroyed. 

A  copper  deposit,  reputed  to  be  of  extraordinary  richness,  is  known 
in  the  vicinity  of  El  Cobre,  in  the  southern  part  of  Santiago  province, 
but  sinc^  1868  mining  upon  it  has  been  at  a  standstill.  Deposits  are 
reported  in  other  parts  of  the  island,  and  much  of  this  metal  may  yet 
be  produced. 

Asphaltum  is  found  in  various  places,  notably  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
city  of  Santa  Clara,  where  it  has  for  many  years  been  used  in  making 
illuminating  gas  for  the  city. 

A  little  gold  and  silver  has  been  mined  in  the  island  in  past  times, 
but  for  many  years  the  island  has  not  produced  either  of  these  metals. 

CLIMATE. 

The  climate  of  Cuba  is  comparatively  simple  in  its  character  and 
can  be  briefly  described.  With  the  long,  narrow  shape  of  the  island, 
its  great  extent  of  coast  line  and  small  breadth,  it  has  in  the  main  an 
insular  climate  with  a  high  mean  temperature,  slight  extremes  of 
temperature,  great  humidity  of  the  atmosphere,  and  an  ample  rainfall. 

At  Habana,  on  the  north  coast,  the  mean  annual  temperature  is  77°. 
The  range  of  temperature  between  the  mean  of  the  hottest  month  and 
that  of  the  coldest  month  is  from  82°  to  71^,  or  only  11°.  The  high- 
est temperature  on  record  in  Habana  is  100.6°,  and  the  lowest  49.6°. 
This  maximum  recorded  temperature  is  no  higher  than  in  northern 
cities  of  the  United  States,  but  the  duration  of  high  temperatures  is 
much  greater  in  Cuba  and  explains  the  high  mean  temperature.  But, 
notwithstanding  the  long-continued  high  temperature,  the  climate  of 
the  northern  portion  of  the  island  is  tempered  by  the  trade  winds 
which  blow  with  but  little  variation  throughout  the  year,  and  the 
nights  in  both  winter  and  summer  are  cool.  The  mean  annual  tem- 
perature at  Habana  fairly  represents  that  of  the  island,  it  being  per- 
haps a  little  hotter  upon  the  south  coast  and  inland  than  upon  the 
north  coast.  The  range  of  temperature  between  summer  and  winter 
does  not  differ  probably  materially  anywhere  on  the  coast  from  that 


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22  BEPOBT  ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

at  Habana,  but  inland  is  probably  a  little  greater.  The  mean  relative 
humidity  at  Habana  averages  about  75  per  cent  and  remains  tolerably 
uniform  at  all  times  of  the  year.  Inland  the  humidity  becomes  some- 
what less,  but  not  decidedly  so. 

The  mean  annual  rainfall  at  Habana,  derived  from  observations  of 
many  years,  is  52  inches.  The  record  shows,  in  different  years,  a 
rainfall  ranging  from  40  to  71  inches.  This  represents  quite  closely 
the  rainfall  upon  the  north  coast  of  the  island.  Inland  and  upon  the 
south  coast  it  is  probably  somewhat  less,  although  observations  are 
lacking.  This  is  decidedly  less  than  upon  the  Gulf  coast  of  the  United 
States  and  but  little  greater  than  that  of  the  northern  seaboard  cities. 
As  regards  the  distribution  of  rainfall  through  the  year,  there  is  a 
wet  and  dry  season,  the  former  being  from  May  to  October,  during 
which  time  about  two-thirds  of  the  precipitation  of  the  year  is  received. 
Rain  falls  during  about  one-third  of  the  days  during  each  year, 
although  this  does  not  represent  by  any  means  the  proportional  amount 
of  rainy  weather.  The  days  are  usually  clear  up  to  about  10  o'clock, 
from  which  time  till  night,  during  the  rainy  season,  it  is  frequently 
showery.  The  nights  are  conunonly  clear.  Thunderstorms  are  fre- 
quent, but  not  violent. 

The  prevailing  winds  throughout  the  island  are  the  northeast  trades, 
which  blow  with  great  persistency,  but  seldom  with  violence.  The 
island  is  occasionally,  though  not  frequently,  visited  by  hurricanes. 
These  break  upon  the  coast,  causing  the  maximum  destruction  in  its 
neighborhood,  and  rapidly  lose  their  force  and  violence  as  they  proceed 
inland. 

In  winter,  when  the  trade  winds  extend  farthest  to  the  southward, 
the  island  not  infrequently  comes  within  the  influence  of  '^northers," 
from  the  North  Temperate  Zone,  greatly  and  suddenly  reducing  the 
temperature  on  the  north  coast.  These  occur  during  the  winter 
months  and  follow  the  severe  storms  of  the  United  States,  when  the 
teniperature  sometimes  falls  as  low  as  50^,  causing  much  suffering,  as 
very  little  provision  is  made  against  cold  in  the  construction  of  the 
Cuban  houses. 

FLORA. 

Owing  to  the  richness  of  the  soil,  the  equable,  moist  temperature  and 
abundant  rainfall,  the  island  is  a  veritable  garden,  abounding  in  flowers, 
luscious  fruits,  and  a  great  variety  of  vegetables.  Uncultivated  nature 
has  a  wild  luxuriance  of  jungle,  grove,  and  forest  to  be  traversed  only 
by  the  aid  of  machete  or  along  well-worn  pathways.  To  illustrate  the 
great  variety  of  its  native  flora,  it  may  be  stated  that  over  3,350  native 
plants  have  been  found  in  the  island  besides  those  introduced.  They 
include  many  species  of  valuable  wood,  such  as  the  mahogany,  ebony, 
granadilla,  majagua,  cedar,  walnut,  ceiba,  ligniun-vitsB,  oak,  pine,  and 
the  palm,  of  which  there  are  over  30  species,  among  them  the  royal 


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FAUNA.  23 

palm,  which,  to  the  poor  Cuban,  is  the  most  valuable  of  all,  as  the 
leaves  provide  him  with  a  roof  and  the  trunk  with  walls  for  his  primi- 
tive dwelling.  In  the  interior  the  forests  are  in  large  part  made  up 
ct  Cuban  pine,  which  forms  excellent  lumber.  Although  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  island  has  been  cleared  during  the  past  three  hundred 
years  for  the  purposes  of  cultivation,  yet  it  is  estimated  that  13,000,000 
acres,  or  nearly  half  its  area,  still  remain  clad  in  original  forests. 
These  areas  are  found  mainly  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  island,  in  the 
provinces  of  Santiago  and  Puerto  Principe. 

Over  a  large  part  of  the  cleared  or  cultivated  areas  are  luxuriant 
grasses,  which,  like  the  parana  and  guinea  grasses,  grow  to  a  height 
of  several  feet  and  are  abundant  and  nutritious. 

FAUNA. 

Throughout  Cuba  game  is  abundant;  deer,  though  not  native,  have 
flourished  and  multiplied  greatly.  Rabbits  are  also  plentiful.  The 
wild  boar,  so  called,  the  wild  dog,  and  the  wild  cat  are  simply 
domestic  animals  run  wild.  They  are  quite  numerous  in  all  parts  of 
the  island.  Wild  fowl,  especially  ducks  and  pigeons,  abound,  the 
former  crossing  from  the  Southern  States  during  the  winter  season, 
while  the  latter  remain  on  the  island  the  year  round.  Pheasants,  quail, 
snipe,  wild  turkeys,  and  wild  guinea  fowl  are  also  numerous,  with 
several  varieties  of  g^ime  birds,  such  as  the  perdizj  tqjosas^  rabiches^ 
and  the  guanaros. 

The  only  distinctively  native  animal  is  the  jutia  or  hutia^  ratlike 
in  appearance,  and  black,  which  grows  to  a  length  of  16  or  18  inches, 
not  including  the  tail.     While  eatable,  it  is  not  especially  palatable. 

Cuba  has  more  than  200  species  of  native  birds,  including  those 
already  mentioned  as  game  birds,  many  possessing  the  most  beautiful 
plumage,  but  those  with  song  are  rare. 

In  swampy  localities  crocodiles  and  American  alligators  {caimans) 
are  found,  and  although  these  frequently  grow  to  an  enorrdous  size, 
but  little  attention  is  paid  to  them  by  the  natives. 

Chameleons,  small  lizards,  tree  toads,  and  similar  harmless  silurians 
of  diminutive  size  are  very  common,  while  occasionally  the  i^uarm 
and  other  large  varieties  of  the  lizard  species  are  seen. 

Few  varieties  of  snakes  exist  in  Cuba.  One  of  these,  the  maja^ 
from  10  to  14  feet  in  length,  is  a  semidomesticated  reptile,  if  such  a 
term  may  be  used,  for  it  is  most  frequently  found  about  the  huts, 
farmhouses,  and  small  villages,  its  favorite  living  place  being  in  the 
palm-leaf  thatches  of  the  older  buildings,  while  its  favorite  food  is 
poultry.  Another  snake,  named  the^'t^a,  is  more  vicious  in  disposition 
than  the  maja^  although  never  reaching  more  than  one-third  its  size. 
It  is  not  poisonous.  The  other  varieties  are  still  smaller  in  size,  are 
seldom  seen,  and  are  not  venomous. 


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24  REPORT   ON   THB    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

The  land  crabs  are  very  abundant  and  annoying.  They  vary  in  size 
from  an  inch  to  8  inches  or  more  in  diameter.  Scorpions,  centipeds, 
and  tarantulas  are  plentiful,  and,  although  they  are  poisonous,  their 
bites  are  rarely,  if  ever,  fatal. 

HISTOBY. 

Many  books  have  been  written  about  Cuba,  but  few  detailed  and 
reliable  histories.  Such  information  as  is  available  is  in  fragmentary 
foim,  and  many  important  events  connected  with  the  affairs  of  the 
island  are  unrecorded,  or  so  briefly  touched  on  as  to  be  unintelligible. 
The  time  allowed  for  the  preparation  of  this  report  will  not  admit  of 
an  extended  compilation  of  historic  facts  and  no  attempt  has  been 
made,  therefore,  to  do  so.  But  it  has  been  considered  advisable,  as 
pertinent  to  this  census,  to  refer  to  the  discovery  and  first  settlement 
of  Cuba,  its  government,  and  the  causes  which  have  apparently 
affected  its  progress.  An  effort  has  also  been  made  to  collect  all 
reliable  data  in  regard  to  the  movement  of  population,  agriculture, 
and  education,  and  these  are  presented  by  way  of  preface  to  the 
analysis  of  the  tables. 

Cuba  was  discovered  by  Columbus  Sunday,  October  28,  1492. 
According  to  the  most  reliable  evidence,  he  landed  in,  or  a  little  to 
the  west  of,  what  is  now  called  the  bay  of  Nuevitas,  on  the  north 
coast  of  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe.  He  took  possession  of  the 
island  in  the  name  of  Christ,  Our  Lady,  and  the  reigning  Sovereigns 
of  Spain,  and  named  it  Juana  in  honor  of  Prince  John. 

Continuing  his  voyage,  Columbus  sailed  west  as  far  as  the  Laguna 
de  Moron,  where  he  arrived  October  31.  From  here,  on  November 
12,  he  commenced  to  retrace  his  steps.  It  is  somewhat  difficult  to 
decide  from  his  journal  where  he  sailed  between  November  12  and  26. 
He  appears  to  have  returned  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Guija  Islands  and 
then  to  have  cruised  about  among  the  keys- and  islands  off  the  prov- 
ince of  Puerto  Principe,  finally  reaching  the  Bay  of  Nuevitas. 

On  November  26  he  sailed  southeast  along  the  coast  of  Santiago  de 
Cuba  to  Baracoa,  where  he  arrived  on  tlie  evening  of  November  27. 
From  there  he  sailed,  on  December  4,  to  Point  Maysi,  the  eastern  end 
of  the  island,  and  on  the  following  day  to  the  island  of  San  Domingo. 

On  the  3d  of  May,  1493,  Pope  Alexander  VI  issued  a  bull  conferring 
on  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  all  lands  already  discovered,  or  to  be  dis- 
covered, in  the  Western  Ocean,  thus  confirming  by  divine  right,  to 
all  Christendom,  the  claims  of  Columbus. 

Columbus  visited  Cuba  three  times  after  this.  In  1493,  during  his 
second  voyage,  he  followed  the  southern  coast  from  Point  Maysi  as 
far  as  Bataban6  and  the  Isle  of  Pines,  which  he  reached  June  13, 
1493,  discovering  in  the  meantime  the  island  of  Jamaica,  which  he 
visited  while  en  route  from  Santiago  de  Cuba  to  Cape  Cruz.     During 


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HISTOBY.  25 

this  voyage  Ciolumbus  visited  Guantanamo,  Trinidad,  and  probably 
Cienfuegos. 

During  his  fourth  and  last  voyage,  he  touched  at  Cayo  Largo, 
oflf  the  south  coast  of  the  province  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  in  July,  1502, 
while  en  route  to,  and  again  in  May,  1503,  when  returning  from,  the 
mainland. 

From  this  time  to  its  permanent  occupation  by  the  Spaniards,  Cuba 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  visited  often  by  other  explorers,  although 
in  1508  Sebastian  Ocampo,  acting  under  the  orders  of  Nicolas  de 
Ovando,  Governor  of  San  Domingo,  reported  that  Cuba  was  an  island, 
but  this  was  known,  probably,  to  other  explorers  several  years  before. 
Nevertheless,  it  does  not  appear  that  Cuba  received  much  attention 
from  the  Spanish  authorities  prior  to  1511. 

In  that  year  Diego  Columbus,  Admiral  of  the  Indies  and  Governor 
of  San  Domingo,  sent  Capt  Diego  Velasquez,  one  of  the  companions 
of  Columbus  in  his  second  voyage,  to  subdue  and  colonize  Cuba.  With 
a  force  of  300  men  he  sailed  from  San  Domingo  and  landed  near  Point 
Maysi,  going  thence  to  Baracoa,  where  the  first  settlement  was  made 
in  1512.  In  1514  Velasquez  founded  Trinidad  and  Santiago  de  Cuba, 
on  the  southern  side  of  the  island,  to  facilitate  communication  with  the 
Spanish  colonies  of  Jamaica  and  the  mainland,  Sancti  Spiritus  near  its 
middle  point,  and  Bemedios,  Bayamo,  Puerto  Principe,  and  San  Cris- 
tobal de  la  Ebbana,  the  latter  on  what  is  now  the  site  of  Bataban6. 
In  1519  this  name  was  transferred  to  a  settlement  on  the  present  site 
of  Habana.  The  same  year,  Baracoa,  having  been  raised  to  the  dig- 
nity of  a  city  and  bishopric,  was  declared  the  capital,  and  so  remained 
until  1522,  when  both  were  removed  to  Santii^o.  Habana  became 
the  capital  in  1552. 

On  the  death  of  Ferdinand,  January  23, 1516,  Velasquez  renamed  the 
island  Fernandina  in  his  honor.  It  was  subsequently  named  Santiago, 
after  the  patron  saint  of  Spain,  but  the  name  was  again  changed  to 
Ave  Maria,  in  honor  of  the  Virgin.  Through  all  these  official  changes, 
however,  it  retained  its  native  original  name. 

Velasquez  continued  to  govern  Cuba  as  addcmtddo^  or  lieutenant- 
governor,  under  the  governor  and  audiencia  of  Santo  Domingo,  until 
his  death  in  1524.  He  had  five  successors  in  the  office  of  lieutenant- 
governor.  (See  Appendix  for  list  of  Governors. )  The  first  Governor, 
Hernando  de  Soto,  was  appointed  in  1536;  he  was  also  addcmtado 
of  Florida.  The  first  Captain-General  was  Don  Grabriel  de  Lujan, 
appointed  in  1581.  During  this  interval  the  Spanish  population  had 
increased  very  slowly;  but  two  additional  towns,  Guanabacoa  and  El 
Cobre,  were  founded,  1555  and  1558,  and  not  another  town  was  built 
for  more  than  one  hundred  years. 

In  the  seventeenth  century  but  two  towns  of  any  importance,  Matan- 
zas  and  Santa  Clara,  were  founded,  and  in  the  eighteenth  but  nine. 


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26  BEPOBT   ON   THE   OEWBUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 

At  the  end  of  this  period  the  population  of  the  island  is  said  to  have 
numbered  275,000  souls,  while  the  development  of  its  wealth  had 
scarcely  begun.  In  fact,  for  many  years  after  its  colonization,  Cuba 
was  not  a  wealth-producing  colony,  and,  therefore,  not  an  object  of 
much  solicitude  or  patronage.  In  the  general  scheme  of  colonizing 
the  West  Indies,  both  Cuba  and  Jamaica  were  occupied  to  facilitate 
trade  with  the  rich  colonies  of  the  Spanish  main,  and  while  still  a 
young  colony  Cuba,  as  a  depot  of  supply,  was  severely  taxed  by  the 
numerous  expeditions  which  sailed  from  her  shores  between  the  years 
1512  and  1538. 

If  the  situation  and  many  natural  advantages  of  Cuba  be  considered, 
it  is  evident  at  a  glance  that  either  the  Cubans  have  been  blind  to 
their  opportunities  or  that  causes  generally  beyond  their  control  have 
retarded  the  growth  of  the  population  and  the  development  of  the 
island's  resources.  The  latter  would  seem  to  be  the  case,  although  it 
can  not  be  said  that  the  Cubans  were  not  in  some  measure  accountable. 

The  principal  staples  of  Cuba,  and  those  upon  which  its  wealth  mainly 
depends,  are  sugar  and  tobacco.  The  largest  sugar  crop,  1894-95, 
was  1,054,000  tons;  the  largest  tobacco  crop  (same  year),  about  2,480,000 
arrobas,  or  62,000,000  pounds;  and  its  population  at  the  outbreak  of 
the  recent  war  was  probably  between  1,800,000  and  2,000,000  souls. 
It  is  the  opinion  of  experienced  and  enlightened  judges  that  the  island 
could  easily  have  produced  a  crop  of  sugar  and  tobacco  five  times  as 
large  and  had  a  population  of  5,000,000  people  had  its  administration 
been  characterized  by  diflferent  theories  of  government. 

That,  in  the  administration  of  her  colonies,  Spain  was  a  bad  excep- 
tion to  a  general  rule  of  liberal  and  generous  government  on  the  part 
of  other  countries  toward  their  colonial  dependencies  is  by  no  means 
the  case.  In  fact,  much  the  same  ideas  appear  to  have  influenced 
all  of  them  at  the  outset,  although  the  results  were  diflferent,  as  might 
be  expected  of  governments  having  diflferent  origins,  forms,  and 
theories.  The  prevailing  idea  appears  to  have  been  that  the  political 
and  economic  interests  of  colonies  were  always  to  be  subordinated  to 
those  of  the  home  country,  no  matter  how  injurious  the  consequences, 
and,  while  in  some  instances  this  course  was  modified  with  most 
beneficial  results,  it  was  followed  unremittingly  by  Spain  to  the  end 
of  her  Supremacy  over  Cuba. 

Aside  from  the  fact  that  during  the  early  history  of  Cuba  Spain  had 
little  surplus  population  to  dispose  of,  and  that  through  the  expulsion 
of  the  Jews  and  Moors  she  lost  a  large  and  valuable  part  of  it,  her 
trade  restrictions,  established  at  the  beginning  of  the  colonial  period 
in  her  history  and  continued  without  essential  modification  for  nearly 
three  hundred  years,  would  account,  in  some  measure,  for  the  slow 
increase  in  the  population  and  industries  of  Cuba.  These  restric- 
tions appear  to  have  originated  in  the  royal  cedula  of  May  6,  1497, 


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msTOBT.       ,  27 

granting  to  the  port  of  Seville  the  exclusive  privilege  of  trade  with 
the  colonies.  At  the  same  time  the  Casa  de  Contratacion^  or  Council 
of  Trade,  was  established,  upon  which  was  conferred  the  exclusive 
regulation  of  trade  and  commerce,  although  later  the  Council  exercised 
its  functions  under  the  general  control  of  the  Council  of  the  Indies. 
San  Domingo,  and  later  Vera  Cruz,  were  the  only  colonial  ports  author- 
ized to  trade  with  Seville.  In  1717  the  trade  monopoly  of  Seville  was 
transferred,  by  royal  order,  to  the  port  of  Cadiz,  in  Spain. 

While  Santiago  was  the  capital  of  Cuba,  trade  between  the  island 
and  the  home  ports  mentioned  was  restricted  to  that  place,  and  when, 
in  1552,  the  capital  was  transferred  to  Habana,  that  city  became  the 
sole  port  of  entry  until  1778,  except  during  the  English  occupation  of 
tiie  island,  1762-63,  when  Habana  was  opened  to  free  trade.  By  the 
royal  decree  of  October  12,  1778,  trade  between  Santiago,  Trinidad, 
Batabano,  and  other  Spanish  ports  was  authorized.  This  privilege 
was  extended  to  Nuevitas  in  1784,  to  Matanzas  1793,  Caibarien  1794, 
and  Manzanillo  and  Baracoa  in  1803.  Prior  to  this  Cuban  ports  were 
practically  under  an  embargo  of  the  strictest  kind.  Even  between 
the  ports  of  Habana  and  Seville  or  Cadiz,  there  was  no  free  communi- 
cation, but  all  trading  vessels  were  gathered  into  fleets,  or  "^^<aw," 
from  time  to  time,  and  made  the  voyage  accompanied  by  Spanish 
war  ships,  partly  for  protection  against  freebooters  and  pirates,  but 
chiefly  to  prevent  trade  with  other  ports.  In  1765  this  restriction  was 
removed. 

The  maritime  laws  regulating  trade  and  conunerce  forbade  trade 
even  between  the  colonies,  and  as  early  as  1592  trade  with  foreigners 
was  only  permitted  by  special  authority,  and  in  1614  and  1680  trade 
with  foreigners  was  prohibited  under  pain  of  death  and  confiscation 
of  the  property  concerned. 

The  treaties  of  the  period  appear  to  have  recognized  these  prohibi- 
tions as  entirely  justifiable  under  the  rules  of  international  intercourse 
as  they  existed  at  that  time.  Thus  by  the  treaties  of  1648  and  1714 
between  Spain  and  the  Dutch  provinces  it  was  agreed  by  the  con- 
tracting parties  to  abstain  from  trading  in  the  ports  and  along  the 
coast  of  the  Indies  belonging  to  each  of  the  treaty  nations.  Again, 
by  the  treaty  of  Madrid  between  England  and  Spain,  similar  engage- 
ments were  made,  although  article  10  provided  that  in  case  vessels 
arrived  at  the  prohibited  ports  under  stress  or  shipwreck  they  should 
be  kindly  received  and  permitted  to  purchase  provisions  and  repair 
damages.  This  privilege  was  subsequently  withdrawn  by  royal  orders 
of  January  20  and  April  15,  1784,  which  prescribed  that  no  vessel 
belonging  to  a  foreign  nation  should  be  permitted  to  enter,  even  under 
the  pretext  of  seeking  shelter.  The  severity  of  these  restrictions  was 
modified  later  on  and,  by  a  royal  order  of  January  8,  1801,  Cuban 
ports  were  thrown  open  to  the  commerce  of  friendly  and  neutral 
nations. 


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28  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Other  commercial  privileges  were  granted  in  1805,  1809,  1810,  and 
1812,  due,  in  great  measure,  if  not  entirely,  to  the  French  invasion  of 
the  Peninsula  and  its  eflfect  on  Spanish  possessions  in  the  West  Indies 
and  America.  But  these  concessions  to  trade  with  Spanish  colonies 
were  but  temporary,  as  by  royal  orders  of  January  10,  November  17, 
and  July  10,  1809,  foreign  conunerce  with  Spanish- American  ports 
was  prohibited.  Against  these  last  restrictions  of  trade  the  various 
Spanish  colonial  Governors,  and  especially  the  Captain-General  of 
Cuba,  protested  on  the  ground  of  the  necessities  of  the  colonies  and 
the  inability  of  Spain  to  meet  them.  These  objections  having  been 
favorably  considered  by  the  Council  for  the  Indies,  foreign  trade  with 
Habana  was  extended  for  six  months. 

Many  other  decrees  and  royal  orders  aflFecting  trade  with  Cuba  and 
the  other  Spanish  colonies  were  promulgated  during  the  period  between 
1775  and  1812,  but  they  throw  no  additional  light  on  this  subject.  It 
is  plain  that  Spain  was  always  averse  to  granting  trade  facilities  with 
her  colonies,  and  only  did  so  for  a  time  when  forced  by  her  necessities; 
but  having  once  opened  Cuban  ports  and  to  that  extent  established  the 
privilege  of  foreign  trade,  which  it  was  diflScult  to  recall,  the  next  step 
was  to  restrict  it  as  far  as  possible  by  duties,  tonnage,  and  port  dues, 
and  arbitrary  tariflfs  imposed  from  time  to  time  in  such  a«way  as  to 
render  foreign  commerce  unprofitable.  Without  going  into  details  it 
may  be  said  that  up  to  1824  duties  on  foreign  commerce  were  much 
greater  than  on  Spanish  merchandise,  and  while  from  that  year  they 
were  generally  less  restrictive,  still  they  were  always  high  enough  to 
compel  Cubans  to  purchase  from  Spanish  merchants,  who,  as  Spain 
did  not  herself  produce  what  was  needed,  bought  from  French, 
German,  American,  or  other  sources,  thereby  raising  prices  far  above 
what  they  would  have  been  under  a  system  less  hampering.  In 
fact,  up  to  1818  Cuba  does  not  appear  to  have  had  a  tariflf  system.  In 
that  year  a  tariflf  was  promulgated  making  the  duties  26i  per  cent  on 
agricultural  implements  and  43  per  cent  ad  valoretn  on  other  foreign 
merchandise.  This  was  modified  in  1820  and  1822  and  the  duties  reduced 
to  20  per  cent  on  agricultural  implements  and  37  per  cent  ad  valorem 
on  foreign  industrial  products.  On  all  Spanish  importations  under 
this  classification  the  duties  were  two-thirds  less.  The  tariflf  of  1824 
was  less  prohibitive. 

Not  satisfied,  apparently,  with  this  arrangement  for  excluding 
foreign  trade  or  with  the  amount  of  customs  revenue,  an  export  tariff 
was  established  in  1828  on  sugar  and  coffee,  which  had  by  that  time 
become  important  products.  On  sugar  the  duty  was  four-fifths  of  a 
cent  per  pound,  and  on  coffee  two-fifths  of  a  cent  per  pound.  If 
exported  in  foreign  vessels,  the  duty  on  sugar  was  doubled  and  on 
coffee  was  increased  to  1  cent  per  pound.     With  slight  modifications 


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HISTORY.  2y 

these  duties  continued  to  August  1,  1891,  when,  under  the  McKinley 
tariff  law,  a  reciprocal  commercial  agreement  was  proclaimed  by  Presi- 
dent Harrison  between  Spain  and  the  United  States,  which  enabled 
Cuba  to  seek  its  nearest  and  most  natural  market.  In  a  short  time 
nearly  the  entire  trade  of  Cuba  was  transferred  to  the  United  States, 
and  Cuba  enjoyed  a  degree  of  prosperity  never  before  attained. 

But  with  tile  termination  of  this  agreement  by  the  tariff  law  of  1894, 
the  old  practice  of  differential,  special,  and  discriminating  duties 
against  foreign  trade  was  reestablished,  thus  forcing  upon  the  Cubans 
compulsory  trade  with  Spain.  There  seems  to  be  no  question  among 
impartial  and  intelligent  judges  as  to  the  injurious  effect  of  this  system 
on  the  growth  of  Cuba's  population  and  material  progress,  both  largely 
dependent  on  commercial  advantages. 

Another  evil  born  of  the  system  and  given  a  certain  amount  of 
inomunity  through  the  reverses  and  disasters  of  the  Spanish  navy,  in 
consequence  of  which  Spain  was  unable  to  protect  her  commerce  or 
fully  enforce  trade  regulations,  is  smuggling,  which  began  with  trade 
restrictions  and  monopolies  and  has  continued  to  this  day,  the  amount 
of  merchandise  smuggled  being,  for  many  years,  nearly  equal  to 
that  regularly  imported  and  exported.  From  smuggling  on  a  large 
scale  and  privateering  to  buccaneering  and  piracy  is  not  a  long  step, 
and  under  the  name  of  privateers  French,  Dutch,  English,  and 
American  smugglers  and  buccaneers  swarmed  the  Caribbean  Sea  and 
Gulf  of  Mexico  for  more  than  two  centuries,  plundering  Spanish 
flotas  and  attacking  colonial  settlements.  Among  the  latter,  Cuba 
was  the  chief  sufferer.  Sallying  forth  from  Santo  Domingo,  Jamaica, 
the  Tortugas,  and  other  islands  and  keys,  these  marauders  raided  the 
island  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  its  northern,  eastern,  and  south- 
em  coast  line,  levying  tribute,  kidnaping  individuals,  and  carrying  off 
whatever  was  needed.  In  1538  they  attacked  and  burned  Habana. 
In  1544  they  attacked^  Baracoa,  Matanzas,  and  Habana,  which  they 
again  sacked  and  burned.  In  1604  Giron,  a  French  buccaneer,  landed 
twice  in  Santiago,  capturing  the  Morro,  and  in  1679  French  buc- 
caneers again  raided  the  province.  Incursions  on  a  smaller  sc^le  were 
frequent,  causing  the  Captain-General  to  issue  an  order  requiring  all 
men  to  go  armed  and  all  persons  to  retire  to  their  homes  after  night- 
fall. By  the  terror  they  excited  these  raids  retarded  somewhat  the 
development  of  agriculture  by  compelling  the  people  to  concentrate 
in  the  towns  for  protection.  On  the  other  hand,  they  stimulated  the 
construction  of  fortifications  in  the  harbor  of  Habana  and  other  ports, 
which,  a  few  years  later,  made  them  safe  against  such  incursions. 

Coupled  with  trade  restrictions  and  extending  throughout  the  entire 
life  of  Cuba  as  a  dependency  of  Spain,  excessive  taxation  has  always 
prevailed.    Apart  from  imports  and  exports,  taxes  were  levied  on  real 


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30  BEPOBT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

and  personal  property  and  on  industries  and  commerce  of  ail  kinds. 
Every  profession,  art,  or  manual  occupation  contributed  its  quota, 
while,  as  far  back  as  1638,  seal  and  stamp  taxes  were  established  on 
all  judicial  business  and  on  all  kinds  of  petitions  and  claims  made  to 
official  corporations,  and  subsequently  on  all  bills  and  accounts. 
These  taxes  were  in  the  form  of  stamps  on  official  paper,  and  at  the 
date  of  American  occupation  the  paper  cost  from  35  cents  to  $3  a 
sheet.  On  deeds,  wills,  and  other  similar  documents  the  paper  cost 
from  36  cents  to  $37.50  per  sheet,  according  to  the  value  of  the  prop- 
erty concerned.  Failure  to  use  even  the  lowest-priced  paper  involved 
a  fine  of  $50. 

There  was  also  a  municipal  tax  on  the  slaughter  of  cattle  for  the 
market.  This  privilege  was  sold  by  the  municipal  council  to  the 
highest  bidder,  with  the  result  that  taxes  were  assessed  on  all  animals 
slaughtered,  whether  for  the  market  or  for  private  consumption,  with 
a  corresponding  increase  in  the  price  of  meat. 

Another  tax  established  in  1528,  called  the  derecho  de  a/veria^ 
required  the  payment  of  20  ducats  ($16)  by  every  person,  bond  or 
free,  arriving  in  the  island.  In  1665  this  tax  was  increased  to  $22, 
and  continued  in  force  to  1765,  thus  retarding  immigration,  and,  to 
that  extent,  the  increase  of  population,  especially  of  the  laboring 
class. 

An  examination  of  these  taxes  will  show  their  excessive,  arbitrary, 
and  unscientific  character,  and  how  they  operated  to  discourage  Cubans 
from  owning  property  or  engaging  in  many  industrial  pursuits  tending 
to  benefit  them  and  to  promote  the  material  improvement  of  the  island. 

Taxes  on  real  estate  were  estimated  by  the  tax  inspector  on  the 
basis  of  its  rental  or  productive  capacity,  and  varied  from  4  to  12 
per  cent.  Similarly,  a  nominal  municipal  tax  of  25  per  cent  was 
levied  on  the  estimated  profits  of  all  industries  and  conmierce,  and 
on  the  income  derived  from  all  professions,  manual  occupations,  or 
agencies,  the  collector  receiving  6  per  cent  of  all  taxes  assessed. 
Much  unjust  discrimination  was  made  against  Cubans  in  determining 
assessable  values  and  in  collecting  the  taxes,  and  it  is  said  that  bribery 
in  some  form  was  the  only  eflfective  defense  against  the  most  flagrant 
impositions. 

Up  to  the  year  1638  the  taxes  were  collected  by  royal  officers 
appointed  by  the  King,  and  their  accounts  were  passed  on  by  the 
audlencia  of  Santo  Domingo.  In  that  year  contadores  (auditors)  were 
appointed  who  exercised  fiscal  supervision  over  the  tax  collectors, 
until,  by  royal  cedada  of  October  31,  1764,  the  intendancy  of  Habana 
was  created,  the  administration  of  taxes  being  conducted  as  in  Spain. 
Since  1892  the  taxes  have  been  collected  by  the  Spanish  Bank  under  a 
ten  years'  contract,  the  bank  receiving  a  commission  of  5  per  cent. 
About  18  per  cent  of  the  assessed  taxes  remained  uncollected  between 


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mSTOBY.  81 

1886  and  1897,  and  the  deficits  thus  caused  were  added  to  the  Cuban 
debt,  ever  a  subject  of  universal  discontent.^ 

If  to  high  taxes,  high  tariffs,  and  utter  indifference,  apparently,  to 
the  needs  of  the  island  be  added  a  lack  of  banking  facilities  of  all 
kinds,  and  a  system  of  currency  dependent  entirely  on  the  Spanish 
Government  and  affected  by  all  its  financial  diflSculties,  we  have  some 
of  the  reasons  why  the  economic  development  of  Cuba  has  been  slow. 
^'All  her  industrial  profits  were  absorbed  by  Spain,  leaving  no  surplus 
to  provide  for  the  accumulation  of  capital  and  the  material  progress 
of  the  island,"*  which  was  apparently  regarded  as  a  government 
monopoly,  whose  productive  capacity  was  in  no  wise  connected  with 
its  economic  interests.  Accordingly,  such  interests  were  invariably 
subordinated  to  those  of  Spain — with  which  they  rarely  accorded — no 
matter  how  injurious  the  result  That  this  course  should  have  been 
followed  in  the  early  period  of  Spanish  colonization  is  not  strange.  All 
sorts  of  economic  experiments,  based  on  what  are  now  considered 
absurd  economic  theories,  were  tried  about  that  time  by  European 
countries  in  vain  efforts  to  promote  national  prosperity  by  entirely 
unnatural  methods.  Thus,  for  many  years  Cuba  was  prohibited,  in 
common  with  otiier  colonies,  from  the  cultivation  of  raw  products 
raised  in  Spain,  thus  reversing  the  theory  and  practice  under  which 
England  subsequently  developed  her  manufacturing  industries  at  home, 
successfully  colonized  all  parts  of  the  habitable  globe,  and  established 
her  enormous  colonial  trade,  by  the  very  natural  process  of  paying  for 
the  raw  products  of  her  colonies  in  manufactured  articles.  No  nation 
in  Europe  during  the  sixteenth  century  was  in  a  better  condition  than 
Spain  to  establish  such  a  system,  as  she  was  essentially  a  manufactur- 
ing country.  But  with  the  expulsion  of  the  Moors  her  manufactures 
were  practically  ruined;  the  wealth  which  for  many  years  had  poured 
in  from  the  colonies  in  exchange  for  the  supplies  shipped  them  now 
passed  through  her  to  other  countries  in  consequence  of  her  extinguished 
industries,  and  she  became  little  more  than  a  clearing  house  for  foreign 
products.  Five-sixths  of  the  manufactured  articles  used  in  Spain  were 
imported,  and  foreigners,  in  direct  violation  of  Spanish  laws,  soon  car- 
ried on  nine-tenths  of  the  trade  with  her  colonies. 

It  may  be  said  that  results  equally  unfortunate  appear  to  have  attended 
all  other  branches  of  Spanish  colonial  government.  Under  a  policy  so 
shortsighted  that  it  was  blind  to  the  most  ordinary  precautions,  and 

*  According  to  the  data  of  the  tribunal  of  accoonte  (tribunal  de  stierUas)  of  Habana, 
referred  to  by  Sefior  la  Sagra,  Cuba  received  as  ordinary  and  extraordinary  ^^gUuadoa*' 
from  Mexico,  trom  1766  to  1788,  57,739,346  pesos  fuerteSy  and  from  1788  to  1806  the 
sum  of  50,411flb% pesos fuertes. 

'The  proof  of  this  is  the  bad  condition  of  the  roads  and  harbors,  the  absence  of 
docking  facilities,  the  lack  of  adequate  water  supply  in  dties,  of  sewers,  paved  streets, 
schoolhouses  and  other  public  buildings  essential  to  every  community  and  provided 
by  private  or  public  enterprise. 


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32  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

long  after  repeated  warnings  should  have  suggested  a  greater  measure 
of  economic  and  political  independence  for  Cuba,  the  entire  system  of 
Cuban  government  and  administration  was  retained  in  the  hands  of 
Spanish  officials  to  the  exclusion  of  native  Cubans,  thus  substituting 
for  home  rule  a  government  which,  however  necessary  in  the  earlier 
history  of  the  island,  became,  with  the  lapse  of  centuries,  an  object  of 
suspicion  and  hatred  to  a  large  majority  of  Cubans,  as  the  medium 
through  which  Spain  exercised  despotic  power  over  them  and  appro- 
priated to  herself  the  wealth  of  the  island.  That  these  feelings  would 
have  yielded  to  greater  economic  and  political  freedom,  there  can  be 
no  question.  Political  independence  was  not  generally  advocated  at 
first.  Autonomy  under  the  protection  of  Spain  was  as  far  as  the 
industrial  classes  cared  to  go',  and  had  this  been  granted  ten  years 
earlier  Cuba  might  and  probably  would  have  remained  a  Spanish  col- 
ony. It  was  the  economic  rather  than  the  political  aspect  of  the  island 
that  concerned  the  greater  part  of  its  population.  But  in  Cuba  polit- 
ical and  economic  conditions  were  inseparable  under  the  theory  of 
colonial  government  which  prevailed,  and  economic  concessions  were 
not  to  be  thought  of  if  the  practice  of  stripping  Cuba  by  the  various 
means  described  without  giving  Cubans  the  least  opportunity  to  pre- 
vent it  in  a  peaceful  way  was  to  continue. 

That  they  would  ever  resort  to  force  was  not  believed,  or  if  believed, 
not  feared,  in  tiie  face  of  a  despotic  Governor-General  with  a  local  army 
and  navy*  to  enforce  his  authority  and  the  whole  power  of  Spain  in 
reserve.     Besides,  tiie  Cubans  had  given  ample  proof  of  their  loyalty. 

But  the  rulers  of  Cuba,  usually  blind  to  its  interests,  were  to  test 
the  loyalty  of  her  people  beyond  the  limits  of  endurance,  and,  as  a 
result,  to  lose  for  Spain  her  *'ever  faithful  island." 

From  the  time  of  Velasquez,  1512,  to  General  Don  Adolpho  Jim- 
enez Castellanos,  1898,  Cuhtt  had  136  rulers.  A  list  of  them  will  be 
found  in  Appendix  XV,  and  it  may  be  said  that,  with  but  a  dozen  excep- 
tions, they  did  nothing  toward  the  development  of  the  island  or  the 
welfare  of  the  people,  although  clothed  with  despotic  power  since 
1825.  A  large  number  of  them  were  Spanish  politicians,  appointed 
without  special  reference  to  their  fitness,  but  as  ^  reward  for  services, 
personal  or  political,  rendered  to  the  Spanish  Government.  The 
resources  of  Cuba  were  always  available  to  the  home  party  in  control 
for  this  purpose,  which  accounts  in  some  measure  for  the  unanimity 
of  Spanish  opinion  respecting  political  concessions  to  the  island.  It 
was  necessary  that  its  control  should  remain  absolutely  in  the  hands 
of  the  Captain-Generals  representing  the  home  government;  but  there 
is  very  little  question  that  had  all  of  them  exercised  their  authority 
with  moderation,  lightened  the  burden  of  taxation,  removed  or  modi- 
fied many  trade  restrictions,  promoted  public  works^  and  used  their 


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msTOEY.  88 

authority  to  extend  the  influence  of  the  Cubans  in  the  administration 
of  the  island,  the  dominion  of  Spain  might  have  been  continued  for 
years  to  come,  as  much  of  the  political  agitation  would  have  been 
avoided,  the  gulf  between  Spaniards  and  Cubans  would  have  been 
bridged  over,  until,  through  these  and  other  influences,  an  adjustment 
of  the  economic  situation  would  have  brought  peace  and  prosperity  to 
the  people. 

The  first  serious  opposition  to  the  insular  goveiiiment  was  brought 
out  by  the  attempt  of  Captain-Genei*al  Vicente  Roja  to  enforce  the 
government  monopoly  in  tobacco,  decreed  in  1717.  Several  bloody 
riots  occurred  and  Roja  was  obliged  to  withdraw  temporarily  from  the 
bland. 

Apart  from  uprisings  among  the  negroes,  stimulated  no  doubt  by 
the  success  of  their  race  over  the  French  in  the  neighboring  island 
of  San  Domingo  there  were  no  other  attempts  at  insurrection  on 
the  part  of  Cubans  until  after  the  conspiracy  of  1823,  planned  by  a 
secret  society  known  as  the  '*  Soles  de  Bolivar."  This  conspiracy 
resulted  from  the  attempt  of  Captain-General  Vives  to  carry  out  the 
instructions  of  Ferdinand  VII,  after  the  abrogation  of  the  Spanish 
liberal  constitution  of  1812,  and  was  intended  as  a  protest  against  a 
return  to  absolutism  in  Cuba;  but,  apparently,  it  failed  of  effect,  and 
there  was  no  relaxation  of  efforts  to  reestablish  the  old  order.  The 
conspiracy  was  of  a  serious  character  and  extended  over  the  entire 
island,  but  centered  in  Matanzas,  where  among  the  revolutionists  was 
Jose  Maria  Heredia,  the  Cuban  poet.  The  conspiracy  failed  and  the 
leader,  Jose  Francisco  Lemus,  and  a  large  number  of  conspirators  were 
arrested  and  deported.  A  feeling,  of  bitter  resentment  against  the 
Government  was  the  result,  and  a  period  of  agitation  and  public 
demonstration  followed.  Frequent  uprisings  were  attempted  in  1824, 
but  failed. 

It  would  have  been  well  for  Spain  had  Ferdinand  VII  been  warned 
by  these  events  and  endeavored,  by  conciliatory  measures,  to  allay 
such  manifest  feelings  of  discontent.  But  neither  he  nor  his  advisors 
would  see  the  "handwriting  on  the  wall."  With  characteristic  sever- 
ity, the  royal  decree  of  May  28,  1825,  was  issued,  conferring  on  the 
Captain-General  "all  the  powers  of  governors  of  cities  in  a  state  of 
siege  ♦  ♦  ♦  with  full  and  unlimited  authority  to  detach  from  the 
island  and  to  send  to  the  Peninsula  all  officials  and  persons  employed 
in  whatsoever  capacity,  and  of  whatsoever  rank,  class,  or  condition, 
whose  presence  may  appear  prejudicial,  or  whose  public  or  private 
conduct  may  inspire  you  with  suspicion  ♦  ♦  ♦  and  further  to 
suspend  the  execution  of  any  order  or  general  regulations  issued  in 
whatever  branch  of  the  administration  and  to  whatever  extent  you 
may  consider  convenient  to  the  royal  service,  etc.,  to  see  that  faithful 
24662 3 


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34  REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

servants  of  His  Majesty  be  remembered,  at  the  same  time  pmiishing 
without  delay  or  hesitation  the  misdeeds  of  those,  etc."^ 

An  army  from  Spain,  intended  for  the  subjugation  of  former  Span- 
ish colonies  in  South  America,  which  was  to  have  been  dispatched  from 
Cuba,  was  retained  there,  and  a  military  conmiission  was  permanently 
organized  to  try  political  offenses  under  the  above  decree  and  the  arti- 
cles of  war. 

Political  agitation  having  taken  the  form  of  revolutionary  demon- 
strations, there  was  a  gradual  separation  on  political  lines  between 
the  Cubans  and  Spaniards,  and  munberless  Cuban  secret  societies  were 
formed  throughout  the  island  for  political  propaganda.  Allied  with 
the  Cubans  were  all  of  the  more  radical,  as  well  as  the  more  moderate 
liberal  members  of  the  conmiunity,  while  the  Spanish  party  included 
beneficiaries  of  former  monopolies  and  the  conservative  and  reac- 
tionary elements,  which,  under  the  policy  of  the  Captain-Grenerals,  had 
crystallized  around  the  officials  of  the  government  and  their  coadjutors 
in  the  church. 

The  political  agitation  continued,  and  in  1826  a  small  uprising  took 
place  in  Puerto  Principe,  directed  by  the  Sociedad  de  la  Cadena,  and 
aimed' against  the  abuses  of  the  regiment  Leon  quartered  there.  The 
same  year  (June  22)  the  Congress  of  American  Republics  assembled 
at  Panama,  to  which  the  President  of  the  United  States  appointed  Mr. 
John  Sergeant,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Mr.  Richard  Anderson,  of  Ken- 
tucky, as  envoys  extraordinary  and  ministers  plenipotentiary.  Mr. 
Anderson  was  United  States  minister  to  Colombia  and  died  en  route 
to  the  congress,  which  had  adjourned  before  Mr.  Sergeant  arrived,  to 
meet  at  Tacabaya.  But  it  did  not  meet  again,  and  consequently  the 
United  States  delegates  took  no  part  in  its  deliberations. 

The  objects  of  this  congress,  as  set  forth  in  the  correspondence,  were 
to  urge  the  establishment  of  liberal  principles  of  commercial  inter- 
course, in  peace  and  war,  the  advancement  of  religious  liberty,  and 
the  abolition  of  slavery,  to  discuss  the  relations  of  Hayti,  the  affairs 
of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  the  continuation  of  the  war  of  Spain  on  her 
Spanish  colonies,  and  the  Monroe  doctrine,  which  announced  as  a 
principle,  "that  the  United  States  could  not  view  any  interposition 
for  the  purpose  of  oppressing  them  (governments  in  this  hemisphere 
whose  independence  had  been  declared  and  acknowledged  by  the  United 
States),  or  controlling  in  any  other  manner  their  destiny,  by  any  Euro- 
pean power  in  any  other  light  than  as  a  manifestation  of  an  unfriendly 
disposition  toward  the  United  States." 

While  the  United  States  no  doubt  sympathized  witii  the  objects  of 
the  congress,  the  debates  in  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
indicated  a  desire  to  av6id  interference  with  Spain,  a  friendly  nation, 

*  Promulgated  again  in  the  royal  decrees  of  March  21  and  26, 1834. 

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HI8T0BY.  85 

or  the  slavery  question,  and  that  it  was  not  prudent  to  discuss  ques- 
tions which  might  prove  embarrassing  to  the  United  States  if  called  on 
to  consider  them  at  a  future  time.  As  a  result,  the  American  dele- 
gates were  given  limited  powers,  and  this,  coupled  with  the  conserva- 
tive attitude  of  the  United  States,  resulted  in  the  failure  of  the  congress 
to  achieve  any  result. 

The  year  before  Francisco  Aguero  and  Manuel  Andres  Sanches,  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Colombian  army,  had  been  sent  from  Cuba  to 
the  United  States  and  to  Colombia  to  urge  their  interference  and  assist- 
ance. An  expedition  was  organized  in  Colombia  to  be  led  by  the 
&mous  Colombian  patriot,  Simon  Bolivar,  but  the  failure  of  the 
Panama  congress  caused  the  abandonment  of  the  expedition.  On  the 
return  of  the  emissaries  to  Cuba  they  were  arrested,  tried,  and 
executed. 

Following  this  eflfort,  in  1830,  a  revolution  was  planned  by  the 
society  of  the  "Black  Ikigle,"  a  Masonic  fraternity  having  its  base  of 
operations  in  Mexico,  with  secondary  bases  in  Habana  and  at  various 
points  throughout  the  island.  The  conspiracy  failed,  and  several  of 
the  conspirators  received  sentence  of  death,  afterwards  commuted  by 
Captain-General  Vives  to  life  imprisonment.  The  object  of  the  con- 
spiracy was  the  independence  of  Cuba,  the  pretext  a  report  that  the 
island  was  to  be  ceded  to  Great  Britain. 

In  1836  the  constitution  of  1812  was  reestablished  in  Spain,  but 
proved  of  no  benefit  to  Cuba.  On  the  contrary,  the  deputies  sent 
from  Cuba  to  the  constitutional  convention  in  Madrid  were  excluded, 
and,  by  a  royal  decree  of  1837,  the  representation  in  the  Cortes  which 
had  bc^n  given  Cuba  in  1834  was  taken  away,  and  it  was  announced 
that  Cuba  would  be  governed  by  special  laws.  These,  the  Cubans 
claim,  were  never  published.  From  this  time  to  1847  several  upris- 
ings or  insurrections  occurred  throughout  Culwi,  followed  in  that  year 
by  a  revolutionary  conspiracy  organized  by  Narciso  Lopez,  and  hav- 
ing in  view  the  liberation  of  the  island  or  its  annexation  to  the  United 
States.  It  had  been  arranged  to  make  the  first  demonstration  on  the 
4th  of  July,  in  the  city  of  Cienf uegos,  but  the  plot  was  niade  known 
to  the  Spanish  Grovernor,  and  Lopez  and  his  companions  fled  to  the 
United  States,  where,  in  1849,  they  organized  a  fillibustering  expe- 
dition, which  was  prevented  from  leaving  by  the  vigilance  of  the 
Government.  In  1850  Lopez  organized  a  second  expedition,  which 
sailed  from  New  Orleans  May  10  and  landed  with  600  men  at  Carde- 
nas, attacking  its  small  garrison.  A  portion  surrendered  with  Gov- 
ernor Ceniti  and  the  remainder  went  over  to  the  insurgents.  As 
the  uprising  upon  which  Lopez  depended  did  not  take  place,  he 
reemh^rked  the  same  day  and  made  his  escape  to  Key  West. 

Undeterred  by  these  failures,  he  organized  a  third  expedition  of  480 
men  in  1851,  which  sailed  from  New  Orleans  and  landed,  August  12, 


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36  REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

at  Playitas,  near  Bahia  Honda,  55  miles  west  of  Habana.  Colonel 
Crittenden,  of  Kentucky,  with  150  men  formed  part  of  the  force.  On 
landing  Lopez  advanced  on  Las  Pozas,  leaving  Colonel  Crittenden  in 
El  Morrillo.  Meeting  a  Spanish  force  under  General  Enna,  Lopez 
was  defeated  after  a  gallant  fight,  his  force  dispersed  and  he  with  some 
50  of  his  men  captured  and  taken  to  Habana,  where  he  was  garroted. 
In  attempting  to  escape  by  sea  Crittenden  and  his  party  were  captured 
and  on  the  16th  of  September  were  shot  at  the  castle  of  Atares. 

In  the  same  year  an  uprising  took  place  in  Puerto  Principe,  led  by 
Juaquin  de  Aguero,  but  the  movement  came  to  naught  and  he  and 
several  of  his  companions  were  executed. 

Following  the  attempt  of  Aguero  came  the  conspiracy  of  Vuelta 
Abajo,  organized  in  1852  by  Juan  Gonzalez  Alvara,  a  wealthy  planter 
of  the  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio.  Associated  with  him  were  several 
other  prominent  Cubans,  and  among  them  Francisco  de  Fras,  Count  of 
Pozos  Dulces.  This  attempt  at  revolution  was  discovered  and  the 
leading  conspirators  arrested.  They  were  tried  and  sentenced  to  death, 
but  were  finally  transported  under  sentence  of  life  imprisonment. 

Meantime  the  Liberal  Club  of  Habana  and  the  Cuban  Junta  in  New 
York  were  raising  money  and  organizing  expeditions  destined  for  Cuba. 
Some  of  them  sailed,  and  in  1859  an  attempt  was  made  to  land  at  Nue- 
vas  Grandes.  But  these  expeditions  accomplished  little,  except  to 
keep  alive  the  spirit  of  revolution. 

From  this  time  to  the  outbreak  of  the  revolution  of  1868  the  con- 
dition of  Cuban  affairs  does  not  appear  to  have  improved.  Taxes 
continued  excessive  and  duties  exorbitant,  reaching  at  times  an 
average  of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  all  imports,  and  so  distributed 
as  practically  to  prohibit  trade  with  any  country  except  Spain.  Small 
uprisings  and  insurrections  were  frequent  and  there  were  many  exe- 
cutions. Meanwhile  the  results  of  the  civil  war  in  the  United  States, 
and  more  particularly  the  abolition  of  slavery,  encouraged  the  Cubans 
to  hope  for  liberal  reforms,  especially  in  the  trade  and  industries  of 
the  island,  but  no  concessions  appear  to  have  been  made  until  the  year 
1865,  when,  by  a  royal  decree  of  November  25,  a  conmiission  was 
appointed  by  Isabella  II  to  consider  the  question  of  reforms  in  the 
admin isti-ation  of  Cuba.  Nothing  came  of  it,  however,  although  it 
afforded  an  opportunity  to  the  few  Cuban  delegates  who  were  present 
to  formulate  their  views.  They  demanded  greater  political  and  eco- 
nomic liberty,  a  constitutional  insular  government,  freedom  of  the 
press,  the  right  of  petition  and  assembly,  the  privilege  of  holding 
oflSce,  and  representation  in  the  Cortes.  It  would  have  been  well  for 
Spain  had  she  listened  to  these  complaints  and  made  some  effort  to 
satisfy  them,  but  nothing  was  done  and  as  a  result  the  revolution  of 
1868  was  commenced  at  Yara  in  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe. 
It  was  ended  by  the  capitulation  of  Zanjon,  February  10,  1878,  and 


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HI8T0BY.  37 

in  its  more  serious  phases  was  confined  to  the  provinces  of  Santiago 
and  Puerto  Principe.  No  battles  or  serious  engagements  were  fought, 
although  a  guerrilla  warfare  of  great  cruelty  and  intensity  was  carried 
on.  While  the  casualties  of  the  fighting  were  comparatively  few  for 
a  war  of  such  duration,  there  were  many  deaths  from  disease,  exe- 
cutions, and  massacres,  and  the  Spanish  troops  suffered  severely  from 
yellow  fever,  which  prevailed  at  all  times  in  the  sea-coast  cities. 

The  effect  of  the  ten  years'  war  on  the  material  condition  of  Cuba 
can  not  be  stated  with  accuracy.  The  population  had  increased  in  the 
ten  years  previous  at  the  rate  of  17  per  cent  during  the  war,  and  for 
ten  years  after  the  increase  was  but  6  per  cent.  A  large  number  of 
lives  and  a  large  amount  of  property  were  destroyed,  and  an  enormous 
debt  was  incurred,  while  taxes  of  all  kinds  increased  threefold.  The 
war  is  said  to  have  cost  the  contestants  $300,000,000,  which  was  charged 
to  the  debt  of  Cuba. 

By  the  capitulation  of  Zanjon  ^  Spain  agreed  to  redress  the  griev- 
ances of  Cuba  by  giving  greater  civil,  political,  and  administrative 
privileges  to  the  people,  *  with  forgetfulness  of  the  past  and  amnesty 
for  all  then  under  sentence  for  political  offenses.  It  has  been  claimed 
by  Cubans  that  these  promises  were  never  fulfilled,  and  this  and  the 
failure  of  the  Cortes  to  pass  the  bill  reforming  the  government  of 
Cuba,  introduced  in  1894  by  Sefior  Maura,  minister  for  the  colonies, 
are  generally  given  as  the  causes  of  the  last  rebellion.  On  the  other 
hand,  Spain  has  always  insisted  that  every  promise  was  observed,  and 
that  even  more  was  granted  than  was  asked  for  or  stipulated  in  the 
'  articles  of  capitulation.  Thus,  by  the  decree  of  March  1,  1878,  Cuba 
and  Porto  Rico  were  given  representation  in  the  Spanish  Cortes,  upon 
the  basis  of  their  respective  populations,  and  the  provincial  and  munic- 
ipal laws  of  1877  promulgated  in  Spain  were  made  applicable  to  Cuba. 
By  proclamation  of  March  24,  1878,  full  amnesty  was  given  to  all, 
even  to  Spanish  deserters  who  had  served  in  the  insurgent  army;  on 
May  23, 1879,  the  penal  code  of  Spain  and  the  rules  for  its  application 
were  given  effect  in  Cuba;  on  April  7, 1881,  the  Spanish  constitution, 
full  and  unrestricted,  as  in  force  in  Spain,  was  extended  to  Cuba  by 
law;  in  1885  the  Spanish  law  of  civil  procedure  was  given  to  Cuba,  and 
on  July  31,  1889,  the  Spanish  civil  code,  promulgated  in  1888,  was  put 
in  operation  m  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico. 

After  examining  all  the  evidence,  however,  the  student  of  Cuban 
history  will  probably  conclude  that  while  the  Spanish  Government  was 
technically  correct  in  claiming  to  have  enacted  all  laws  necessary  to 
make  good  her  promises,  there  was  a  failure  usually  to  execute  them, 
and  that,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  political  conditions  in  Cuba  remained 

*  Sometimes  referred  to  as  the  "Treaty**  or  "CJompromise"  of  Zanjon. 
'  Same  as  people  of  Porto  Rico. 


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38  BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

practically  as  before  the  war,  although  very  much  improved  on  the 
surface/ 

A  serious  permanent  fall  in  the  price  of  sugar  in  1884  and  the  final 
abolition  of  slavery  in  1887  added  to  the  economic  troubles  of  the 
people,  and  in  conjunction  with  continued  political  oppression,  kept 
alive  the  feelings  which  had  brought  on  the  war.  The  Cubans  believed 
that  notwithstanding  the  capitulation  of  Zanjon  they  were  still  mere 
hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water,  with  but  little  voice  in  the 
government  of  the  island,  and  that  Spain  was  the  chief  beneficiary 
of  its  wealth.  And  such  would  appear  to  have  been  the  fact  if  the 
following  figures,  taken  from  ofiicial  sources,  can  be  relied  upon: 
From  1893  to  1898  the  revenues  of  Cuba,  under  excessive  taxation, 
high  duties,  and  the  Habana  lottery,  averaged  about  $26,000,000  per 
annum,  although  very  much  larger  in  previous  years,"  depending  on 
the  financial  exigencies  of  the  Spanish  Grovemment.  Of  this  amount 
$10,500,000  went  to  Spain  to  pay  the  interest  on  the  Cuban  debt, 
$12,000,000  were  allotted  for  the  support  of  the  Spanish-Cuban  army 
and  navy  and  the  maintenance  of  the  Cuban  government  in  all  its 
branches,  including  the  church,  and  the  remainder,  less  than  $2,600,000, 
was  allowed  for  public  works,  education,  and  the  general  impi*ovement 
of  Cuba,  independent  of  municipal  expenditures.  As  the  amounts 
appropriated  annually  in  the  Cuban  budget  were  not  sufficient  to  cover 
the  expenditures  and  there  was  a  failure  to  collect  the  taxes,  deficits 
were  inevitable.  These  were  charged  to  the  Cuban  debt,  until,  by 
1897,  through  this  and  other  causes,  it  aggregated  about  $400,000,000, 
or  an  amount  per  capita  of  $283.64— more  than  three  times  as  large  as- 
the  per  capita  debt  of  Spain  and  much  larger  than  the  per  capita  debt 
of  any  other  European  country. 

Under  such  perverted  economic  management  it  is  not  surprising 
that  another  rebellion  was  planned,  and  that  the  war  of  1896-1898 
followed. 

The  United  States  had  always  shown  a  friendly  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  Cuba,  and  the  question  of  its  annexation  had  been  discussed  as. far 
back  as  1826,  when  Mr.  John  Quincy  Adams  was  President,. partly,  it 
is  said,  to  prevent  the  island  from  passing  under  the  control  of  any 
other  nation,  in  violation  of  the  Monroe  doctrine,  and  partly  for  the 
purpose  of  extending  the  slave  territory  of  the  United  States.  To 
this  end  a  popular  movement  was  started  in  the  Southern  States  dur- 
ing the  Mexican  war  (1846).  Two  years  later  (1848)  President  Polk 
made  propositions  to  the  Spanish  Government,  through  the  American 
minister  in  Madrid,  having  in  view  the  purchase  of  the  island. 

*  It  was  the  interpretation  and  execution  of  the  laws  by  Governors  having  but  little 
sympathy  with  the  natives  rather  than  the  laws  themselves  that  caused  most  of  the 
trouble  in  Cuba. 

»In  1860,  $29,610,779;  1880,  $40,000,000;  1882,  $35,860,246.77.  Cuba  was  expected 
to  contribute  whatever  was  demanded. 


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HISTORY.  39 

Again,  in  1854,  the  strained  relations  between  Spain  and  the  United 
States,  growing  out  of  the  detention  of  the  American  steamer  Black 
Warrior  in  the  harbor  of  Habana,  charged  vrith  violating  the  customs 
regulations,  and  the  search  of  several  American  vessels  by  Spanish 
cruisers  elicited  the  "  Ostend  Manifesto,"  drawn  up  by  the  American 
ministers  to  England,  France,  and  Spain,  in  which  it  was  declared 
"that  the  possession  of  Cuba  by  a  foreign  power  was  a  menace  to  the 
peace  of  the  United  States,  and  that  Spain  be  offered  the  alternative  of 
taking  $200,000,000  for  her  sovereignty  over  the  island  or  having  it 
taken  from  her  by  force."  Finally,  during  the  ten  years'  war.  Presi- 
dent Grant,  while  expressing  his  belief  to  the  Spanish  Government 
that  only  independence  and  emancipation  could  settle  the  Cuban  ques- 
tion and  that  intervention  might  be  necessary  to  end  the  war,  repeat- 
edly proffered  the  good  offices  of  the  United  States  in  reestablishing 
peace.  Meanwhile,  in  1873,  the  capture  of  the  Vwgmvus  and  the 
tragic  execution  of  53  of  her  passengers  and  crew  in  the  city  of  San- 
tiago de  Cuba  by  order  of  the  Spanish  conmiander  came  near  to  involv- 
ing the  countries  in  war,  happily  avoided  by  diplomatic  action.  * 

As  the  rebellion  of  1895  proceeded,  much  sympathy  was  felt  for  the 
Cubans  by  the  people  of  tiie  United  States,  which  being  reflected  in 
Congress  resulted  in  a  concurrent  resolution  of  strict  neutrality,  but 
coupled  with  a  declaration  that  the  United  States  should  proffer  its 
good  offices  to  Spain,  through  President  Cleveland,  with  a  view  of 
ending  the  war  and  securing  the  independence  of  the  island;  but 
nothing  came  of  it.  As  the  war  continued  it  excited  much  interest  in 
the  United  States,  and,  in  1896,  both  Republican  and  Democratic 
national  conventions  passed  resolutions  of  sympathy  for  the  Cubans 
and  demanded  that  the  Government  take  action. 

Although  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations  in  the  Senate  of  the 
Fifty-fourth  Congress  reported  a  resolution,  December  21,  1896, 
recognizing  the  republic  of  Cuba,  it  was  never  taken  from  the  calen- 
dar. Meanwhile  reports  of  outrages  and  indignities  to  American 
citizens  in  Cuba  and  of  the  dreadful  effects  of  reconcentration  were  fre- 
quently conm[iunicated  to  the  Government  or  published  in  the  press. 

In  May,  1897,  Congress  appropriated  $50,000  for  the  purchase  of 
supplies  for  the  reconcefntnrado9^  as  it  was  reported  that  many  of  them 
were,  or  claimed  to  be,  American  citizens.  The  supplies  were  sent 
under  permission  of  Spain,  and  were  distributed  to  the  reconcentrados^ 

^  The  records  of  the  State  DeiMurtment  show  conclusiyely  that,  notwithstanding 
serious  provocations,  the  United  States  up  to  the  time  of  the  recent  war  had  always 
observed  strict  neutrality  toward  Spain  in  dealing  with  Cuba,  and  had  always  stood 
ready  to  recognize  her  control  over  the  island.  Nor  were  the  Cubans  ever  encour- 
aged by  the  President  to  believe  that  either  belligerency  or  independence  would 
receive  acknowledgment 

•  ReooncerUrados,  or,  as  they  were  called,  **  Pac^icosy*^  were  the  country  people  (small 
farmers),  who  sjrmpathized  with  the  insuigents  and  gave  them  such  assistance  as  they 
could.  The  proclamation  of  Captain-General  Weyler,  issued  in  1896,  required  them  to 
abandon  their  homes  and  property  of  every  kind  and  move  into  the  nearest  towns, 
where  many  of  them  died  of  starvation  and  disease.    Their  homes  were  destroyed 


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40  BEPOBT   ON   THE   OEKStJB   OF   CUBA,  1809. 

whether  Americans  or  not,  and  soon  after  the  i-evocation  of  the  edict 
of  reconcentration  and  the  recall  of  Captain-General  Weyler  wei-e 
requested  by  the  United  States.  While  tiiese  requests  were  favorably 
I'cceived  by  Spain,  it  was  veiy  evident  that  little  was  being  done,  and  as 
the  war  continued  apparently  on  the  same  lines,  it  was  thought  advisable 
to  send  a  man-of-war  to  Habana  for  the  protection  of  American  citizens. 
The  battle  ship  Maine  was  selected  for  this  duty,  and  sailed  in  January, 
and  soon  after  the  Spanish  cruiser  Viscaya  was  ordered  to  visit  New 
York,  as  evidence  of  existing  friendly  relations.  On  the  night  of 
February  15  the  Maiv^  was  blown  up  and  2  officers  and  264  sailors 
lost  their  lives.  Spanish  officials  at  once  insisted  that  the  explosion 
was  due  to  an  accident  caused  by  carelessness  and  lack  of  discipline. 
A  board  of  naval  officers  was  convened  by  the  President  to  examine 
into  the  circiunstances,  and  after  a  careful  investigation,  extending 
over  a  month,  reported  that  the  ship  had  been  blown  up  from  the  out- 
side. A  contrary  report  was  the  result  of  a  Spanbh  investigation. 
The  report  of  the  naval  board  was  laid  before  Congress  by  the  Presi- 
dent, who  meanwhile  had  used  every  effort  to  avoid  war  by  diplomatic 
action. 

Eiarly  in  April  it  became  known  that  Spain  had  proposed  to  the 
insurgents  a  suspension  of  hostilities,  to  be  followed  by  a  capitulation, 
and  had  appropriated  $600,000  for  the  relief  of  the  reconcentrados^  but 
that  the  proposal  had  been  rejected  by  the  insurgent  leaders.  As  it 
was  evident  from  this  that  the  war  would  continue,  the  President  sent  a 
message  to  Congress  on  April  11,  requesting  authority  to  end  the  war 
and  to  secure  in  Cuba  the  establishment  of  a  stable  government  capa- 
ble of  maintaining  order  and  observing  its  international  obligations. 
On  April  19  Congress  passed  joint  resolutions,  which,  after  reciting 
the  conditions  existing  in  Cuba,  demanded  the  withdrawal  of  Spain 
from  the  island,  and  empowered  the  President  to  use  the  military  and 
naval  forces  of  the  United  States  to  carry  the  resolutions  into  effect. 

This  was  practically  a  declaration  of  war,  and,  on  April  23,  the 
President  issued  a  proclamation  calling  for  125,000  volunteers,  which 
nmnber  was  subsequently  increased  to  200,000,  and  the  Regular  Army 
to  60,000  men.  By  a  formal  declaration  of  April  80,  Congress 
announced  that  war  had  existed  since  April  21. 

On  April  24  Commodore  Dewey,  commanding  the  Asiatic  Squadron, 
was  notified  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  that  war  with  Spain  had 
begun,  and  to  proceed  to  the  Philippine  Islands  and  capture  or 
destroy  the  Spanish  fleet.  On  Aprl  27  he  sailed  from  Hongkong  in 
the  execution  of  this  order,  and  on  the  afternoon  of  April  80  arrived 
at  the  entrance  of  Manila  Bay,  where,  on  the  following  day,  he  cap- 
tured or  destroyed  all  the  vessels  of  the  Spanish  fleet. 

On  June  14  an  American  army,  numbering  15,000  men,  under  com- 
mand of  Gen.  W.  R.  Shafter,  sailed  from  Port  Tampa,  Fla.,  for 
Santiago  de  Cuba,  where  it  arrived  on  the  morning  of  June  20,  and 

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THE  SURRENDER  TREE  NEAR  SAN  JUAN   HILL. 


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HI8TOBY. 


41 


on  July  1  and  2  the  battle  of  San  Juan  took  place,  resulting  in  the 
defeat  of  the  Spanish  troops  and  the  investment  of  Santiago.^  On  the 
morning  of  July  3,  the  Spanish  fleet,  under  Admiral  Cervera,  attempted 
to  escape  from  the  harbor,  but  was  intercepted  by  the  American  fleet 
under  Capt.  William  T.  Sampson  and  totally  destroyed.  On  July  16, 
articles  of  capitulation  were  signed  at  Santiago  de  Cuba,  followed  by 
the  formal  surrender  of  the  Spanish  forces  in  the  eastern  district  of 
Santiago  on  July  17. 

On  August  12  a  protocol  provided  for  a  cessation  of  hostilities,  and 
on  December  10  a  treaty  of  peace  between  the  United  States  and  Spain 
was  signed  at  Paris.  It  was  ratified  by  the  President  February  6, 
1899,  and  by  the  Queen  Regent  of  Spain  March  19,  and  proclaimed  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  April  11,  thus  ending  the  last  act  in  the  drama. 

Cuba  was  to  be  free  at  last  on  the  single  condition  that ''  she  estab- 
lish a  stable  government  capable  of  maintaining  order  and  observing 
international  obligations."    With  this  question  she  is  to  deal  presently. 

While  the  ten  years'  war  was  not  without  disastrous  effects  on  the 
economic  development  of  Cuba,  they  were  trifling  as  compared  with 
the  war  of  1895-1898,  which  resulted  in  a  large  decrease  of  population 
and  of  the  wealth-producing  power  of  the  country.  It  may  be  said 
in  general,  on  a  conservative  estimate,  that  the  population  of  the  island 
decreased  12  per  cent  and  its  wealth  two-thirds. 

As  an  indication  of  the  financial  stress  prevailing  in  the  island,  the 
ratio  of  mortgage  indebtedness  to  the  value  of  real  property,  as 
assessed  by  the  Spanish  Government,  is  interesting.  The  mortgages 
and  censos  are  from  the  reports  of  the  registers  of  property  to  the 
treasurer  of  the  island  for  January,  1900,  and  are  shown  in  the  fol- 
lowing tables: 


RURAL  REAL  ESTATE. 


Province. 


Value  of  prop- 
erty. 


Amount  of  mort- 
gage indebted- 
ness. 


Amount  of  quit 
rents  (censos). 


Habana 

Matanzas 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe . . . 

Santa  Clara , 

Santiago  deOaba.. 


$44,140,610.00 
46,694,977.40 
28,982.950.60 
8,466.736.90 
41.838,396.00 
20,701,166.20 


118,797,063.00 
35,764,486.88 
8,080,996.31 
2,706,196.62 
87,422,669.71 
4,185,946.40 


t7, 037, 047. 42 
9.178,964.43 
4,833,793.36 

984,795.10 
3,445,936.78 

188,916.72 


Total. 


184,724,886.00 


U06.897,249.32 


<  25, 679, 462. 81 


1 58  per  cent,  approximate. 


s  14  per  cent,  approximate. 


CITY  REAL  ESTATK 


Habana 

$84,804,600.00 
17,7(M,963.50 
8,278.788.80 
2,428,446.00 
19,761,472.80 
10,988,944.10 

$89,522,641.96 

4,686,667.49 

640,609.89 

461.078.83 

8,965,725.35 

1,464,449.99 

$11,900,842.61 

Matanzas 

1,264,729.11 

PinardelRio 

286,744.66 

Puerto  Principe 

888.836.40 

Banta  Clara ,.,, 

497,992.04 

Santiago  de  Cxiba ». 

270,206.77 

Total 

138,917,069.70 

U00,729,948.61 

«  14, 608, 860. 48 

1 79  per  cent,  approximate. 


« 10  per  cent,  approximate. 


^Thifl  included  the  operations  of  lAwton  at  El  Caney,  July  1. 


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42  REPOBT   ON   THE   CEK8U8   OF   CUBA,   1890. 

It  should  not  be  forgotten  in  discussing  these  ratios  that  there  has 
been  no  valuation  of  real  property  since  American  occupation,  and  that 
the  values  given  are  those  made  by  Spanish  ofScers  some  time  prior 
thereto. 

The  actual  value  of  real  estate,  especially  of  city  property,  is  much 
greater  than  is  given  in  the  tables.  It  is  probable  that  the  amount  of 
encumbrances  is  also  greater  than  has  been  stated.  It  is  quite  certain 
that  had  the  war  continued  under  the  same  conditions  for  another  year, 
nearly  the  entire  rural  population  of  the  central  and  western  provinces 
would  have  been  destroyed,  as  also  their  agricultural  wealth.  There- 
fore American  interference  did  not  come  too  soon,  and  the  Cubans 
have  every  reason  to  be  thankful  that  the  declaration  of  President 
McKinley  made  to  Congress  April  11,  1898,  '*that  the  war  in  Cuba 
must  stop,''  was  not  made  in  vain. 

Prominent  among  the  causes  tending  to  retard  the  material  prosper- 
ity of  Cuba  has  been  the  lack  of  educational  interest  and  facilities. 
For  nearly  three  hundred  years  there  were  practically  no  schools  in 
the  island. 

A  history  of  education  in  Cuba  is  presented  elsewhere  in  this  report 
as  an  introduction  to  the  analysis  of  the  tables  of  education.  It  is  suf- 
ficient in  this  connection  to  say  that  prior  to  1842  there  were  no  pub- 
lic schools  in  Cuba.  In  that  year,  largely  through  the  efforts  of  the 
Sociedad  Economica  de  Habana  and  of  other  patriotic  residents  of  the 
island,  provision  was  made  by  the  Spanish  Grovernment  for  public 
schools.  But  if  any  reliance  can  be  placed  in  the  following  figures,  they 
did  very  little  toward  educating  the  masses. 

By  the  census  of  1861  there  were  793,484  white  people  in  Cuba, 
of  whom  552,027,  or  70  per  cent,  could  not  read,  and  of  the  603,046 
colored  persons,  576,266,  or  95  per  cent,  could  not  read. 

By  the  census  of  1887  there  were  1,102,889  whites,  of  whom  715,575, 
or  64  per  cent,  could  not  read,  and  of  the  528,798  colored,  463,782,  or 
87  per  cent,  could  not  read.  No  statistics  of  the  degree  of  literacy  in* 
the  island  in  1842,  when  the  public-school  system  was  conmienced,  are 
available,  but  the  state  of  education  nearly  fifty  years  after  affords  some 
idea  of  the  sufficiency  of  the  schools  and  of  their  influence  in  eradicating 
a  potent  cause  of  stagnation.  An  increase  of  6  per  cent  in  literacy  of  the 
white  population  in  twenty-six  years  indicates  either  that  very  little 
importance  was  attached  to  public  education  as  a  means  of  general 
improvement,  or  that  no  such  improvement  was  expected. 

From  the  contemplation  of  this  picture  of  prolonged  misrule,  we 
turn  in  closing  to  a  few  incidents  in  the  history  of  Cuba  from  which 
she  derived  substantial  and  lasting  benefit  First  in  chronological 
order  was  the  invasion  and  occupation  of  the  island  by  the  British  in 
1762,  assisted  by  troops  from  the  Anglo-American  colonies.  Habana 
was  surrendered  August  13,  after  a  two  months'  siege.    The  English 


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OOVBBNMEWT.  43 

held  the  country  as  far  east  as  Matanzas  until  the  following  spring, 
when,  by  the  treaty  of  Paris  (February,  1763),  which  ended  the  war 
between  England,  France,  and  Spain,  Cuba  was  ceded  back  to  Spain  in 
exchange  for  Florida.  Up  to  this  time  Habana  had  been  the  only  port 
of  entry  since  it  became  the  capital  in  1558,  and  even  trade  with 
Habana  was  confined  strictly  to  Seville  and  Cadiz.  The  English  opened 
this  port  at  once  to  foreign  and  domestic  conunerce,  thus  removing  at 
a  stroke  all  the  restrictions  which  had  fettered  it,  and,  although  the 
English  occupation  lasted  but  six  months,  the  benefit  to  Cuba  was  per- 
manent, as  after  the  recession  of  the  island  to  Spain  it  was  found 
impracticable  to  reestablish  former  trade  restrictions  entirely.  The 
cession  of  Florida  to  England  caused  the  migration  of  a  large  number 
of  Spaniards  from  Florida  to  Cuba. 

The  next  event,  in  point  of  time,  which,  however  unfortunate  for 
Spain,  proved  of  great  benefit  to  Cuba,  was  the  revolution  in  the 
neighboring  island  of  Haiti,  the  cession  of  that  island  to  France 
in  1795,  and  the  race  war  between  the  whites  and  negroes  which 
followed,  and  which  was  continued  at  intervals  for  ten  years. 
Thousands  of  French  and  Spanish  settlers  fled  or  emigrated  to  Cuba, 
where  they  located,  chiefly  in  the  provinces  of  Santiago  and  Puerto 
Principe,  introducing  the  cultivation  of  coffee  and  adding  materially 
to  the  wealth  and  agricultural  prosperity  of  the  island. 

Similarly,  the  cession  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States  in  1803  and 
of  Florida  in  1819  and  the  revolution  of  the  Spanish  South  American 
colonies  and  of  Mexico  caused  a  notable  increase  in  the  population  of 
Cuba,  to  which  many  loyal  Spaniards  emigrated  or  fled  for  refuge. 

In  truth,  the  loyalty  of  Spaniards  to  their  Government  and  its  insti- 
tutions, their  patriotic  devotion  to  their  country,  their  steadfast  cour- 
i^e,  and  their  patient  endurance  through  many  trials  and  provocations 
are/Lmong  the  traits  which  contributed  to  the  remarkable  ascendency 
of  Spain  and  her  former  dominion  over  more  than  half  the  known  earth. 
Yet,  combined  with  these  characteristics,  was  the  leaven  of  personal  lib- 
erty and  a  love  of  political  freedom  bom  of  ancient  privileges,  and  for 
which  they  have  e\er  contended.  These  qualities,  under  the  influences 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  were  destined  to  establish  republics  even 
as  in  past  centuries  they  had  founded  empires. 

OOVEBNHENT. 

The  government  of  all  Spanish  colonies  was  conducted  on  the  the- 
ory that  newly  discovered  territory  belonged  to  the  Crown  rather  than 
to  the  Government  and  that  all  political  control  was  vested  in  the  King, 
who  appointed  all  the  Viceroys,  Captain-Generals,  and  Governors. 

When  Cuba  was  colonized  by  Velasquez  this  control  was  mainly 
exercised  through  the  Council  of  the  Indies.  The  Cortes  of  Castile 
was  seldom  called  except  to  vote  funds  or  supplies  for  the  King,  and 


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44  BEPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 

every  branch  of  colonial  administration,  civil  as  well  as  military,  was 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Council,  which  appointed  all  officials  not 
appointed  by  the  King.  Thus  all  government  control  centered  in  the 
Council  and  the  King,  and  local  self-government,  which  was  developed 
at  an  early  stage  in  the  English  colonies,  became  practically  impossi- 
ble in  the  Spanish  colonies,  no  matter  to  what  extent  it  may  have 
existed  in  theory. 

Coupled  with  secular  control,  as  an  impoiiant  part  of  the  plan  of 
colonization,  was  that  of  the  church,  and  in  every  colonial  expedition 
there  were  abbots,  bishops,  priests,  friars,  or  monks,  who,  while  they 
were  largely  interested  in  the  material  prosperity  of  their  order  by  the 
acquisition  of  land,  the  erection  of  churches,  monasteries,  and  convents, 
devoted  themselves,  zealously  to  the  conversion  of  the  natives  and  pro- 
tected them  as  far  as  possible  against  the  cruelty  and  rapacity  of  the 
invaders.  On  the  other  hand,  it  must  be  conceded  that  while  in  the 
early  history  of  the  island  its  purposes  were  ostensibly  benevolent,  the 
Spanish  Church  has  persistently  and  rigorously  opposed  freedom  of 
conscience,  the  spread  of  public  education,  and  every  effort  on  the  part 
of  the  Cubans  to  establish  self-government.  By  the  year  1857  the 
property  of  the  church  in  the  island  amounted  to  about  $7,162,685, 
and  the  adjustment  of  church  claims  is  now  one  of  the  most  difficult 
questions  before  the  insular  government. 

The  plan  of  Spanish  colonization  in  America,  as  well  as  the  laws 
governing  the  colonies,  was  essentially  Roman  in  origin.  Up  to  the 
year  1621  the  laws  of  Spain  applied  equally  to  all  her  colonies,  but 
thereafter  they  did  not  unless  declared  to  do  so  by  the  council  of  the 
Indies. 

Special  regulations,  decrees,  etc.,  modifying  the  application  of  the 
laws  to  the  colonies  or  promulgating  new  laws  were  frequent,  and 
their  compilation  in  1680  was  published  as  the  ''Law  of  the  Indies." 
This  and  the  ''  Siete  Partidas^''  on  which  they  were  largely  based, 
comprised  the  code  under  which  the  Spanish  American  colonies  were 
governed. 

All  the  colonies  were  founded  practically  on  the  same  plan.  This 
included  the  jyre^idio^  or  military  headquarters,  the  puMo^  or  town, 
and  the  mission  for  the  conversion  and  education  of  the  Indians,  usu- 
ally located  at  some  distance  apart  from  the  other  two.  The  land  set 
aside  for  the  pueblo  was  laid  out  in  the  form  of  a  square  or  rectangle. 
The  jplaza^  or  public  square,  was  then  laid  out  near  the  central  point, 
and  after  that  the  streets  of  the  town,  dividing  it  into  blocks.  The 
public  buildings  and  church  were  erected  around  the  plaza^  facing  it, 
the  remaining  space  being  occupied  with  dwellings.  This  is  the  plan 
of  all  the  oldest  cities  and  towns  of  Cuba.  To  the  military  garrison 
was  intrusted  the  protection  of  the  jmMo  and  mission  and  the  con- 
duct of  all  expeditions  for  any  purpose. 


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GOVERNMENT.  45 

After  establishing  the  municipality  the  next  step  was  the  exploration 
and  pacification  of  the  country,  and  after  that  the  disposition  of  the 
spoils  captured,  including  the  land  and  natives.  These  were  usually 
divided  among  the  Spanish  followers  of  the  military  commander,  one- 
fifth  of  all  gold,  silver,  and  Indians  being  turned  over  to  the  revenue 
oflScers  of  the  Crown. 

As  in  the  mother  country,  the  colonial  municipality  was  the  local 
political  unit,  and  its  government  was  vested  in  an  ayuntamiento^  or 
municipal  council,  consisting  of  mayors  (alcaldes)  and  councilors  {regi- 
dores).  There  was  also  an  algnacil^  or  sheriff,  and  in  the  large  towns  a 
procurador  syndico^  or  city  attorney.  The  alcaldes  acted  as  judges  and 
conducted  trials. 

In  the  early  history  of  Spanish  municipalities  they  were,  to  a  limited 
extent,  self-governing,  electing  the  mayors  and  councilors.  With  the 
extension  of  the  royal  authority  following  the  union  of  the  Spanish 
provinces  the  control  of  these  offices  was  gradually  assumed  by  the 
Crown  and  they  were  filled  by  nomination  or  appointment,  being  sold 
to  the  highest  bidder,  and  often  made  hereditary.  With  the  return  of 
more  liberal  government  this  practice  was  discontinued,  and  finally  they 
again  became  elective.  This  was  the  experience  of  Cuban  municipali- 
ties. Not  all  the  councilors  were  selected  in  this  way,  however,  as 
some  were  elected.  For  such  elections  a  royal  decree  of  1568  con- 
ferred the  elective  franchise  on  the  forty  largest  taxpayers  and  on 
those  who  had  academic  or  university  degrees.  The  alcaldes  were 
appointed  by  the  Governor-General  from  the  members  of  the  council. 
This  plan  of  government  continued  with  slight  variations  until  1812, 
when  it  was  modified,  but  wasi  reestablished  in  1814. 

In  1859  each  municipality  was  given  a  council  consisting  of  1  mayor, 
1  syndic^  and  6  aldermen,  if  the  population  was  6,000,  and  2  deputy 
mayors  and  10  aldermen  if  the  population  was  10,000.  Exception 
was  made  of  Habana,  which  was  given  7  deputy  mayors,  4  syndics^ 
and  16  aldermen.  All  councilors,  except  those  appointed  for  life,  were 
elected  in  each  municipality  by  the  largest  taxpayers,  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Governor-General,  the  number  of  electors  being  twice 
or  thrice  as  many  as  the  number  of  councilors  to  be  elected,  according 
as  the  population  was  less  than  or  exceeded  10,000.  The  elections 
were  held  annually,  and  the  Cubans  claim  that  under  this  system  the 
offices  were  generally  filled  by  Spaniards,  although  they  did  not  com- 
prise one-fifth  of  the  white  population. 

By  the  electoral  law  of  August  20, 1870,  amended  by  that  of  Decem- 
ber 16, 1875,  the  elective  franchise  was  conferred  on  the  heads  of  fam- 
ilies actually  engaged  in  some  profession  or  trade,  who  had  resided  in 
the  district  for  two  years  at  least,  and  who  paid  a  tax  of  b  pesos  on 
their  own  property  one  year  before  the  formation  of  the  electoral  list, 
or  who  were  civil  employees  of  the  state,  the  province,  or  municipal- 


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46  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

ity,  in  active  service,  or  retired  or  pensioned  from  the  army  or  navy, 
and  all  adults  who  had  resided  in  the  district  two  years  who  could  fur- 
nish proof  of  their  professional  or  academic  education  by  means  of 
an  official  certificate.  Other  electoral  laws,  orders,  and  decrees  regu- 
lating the  elective  franchise  have  been  promulgated  since  the  law  of 
1875.  Property  education  and  tax  tests  were  always  qualifications  of 
both  provincial  and  municipal  electors  until  1897,  when  universal  suf- 
frage in  municipal  elections  only  was  granted. 

Very  little  authority,  especially  in  fiscal  affairs,  was  conferred  on 
the  municipal  councils,  the  members  of  which  performed  a  variety  of 
duties,  and  their  existence  as  well  as  their  acts  were  absolutely  under 
the  control  of  the  Governor-General. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  1878,  the  organic  municipal  and  provincial  laws 
of  the  peninsula,  somewhat  modified,  were  extended  provisionally  to 
Cuba.  By  these  laws  a  municipality  is  defined  to  be  the  legal  asso- 
ciation of  all  persons  who  reside  in  a  municipal  district,  and  is  to  be 
represented  by  a  municipal  council  as  a  financial  administrative  corpo- 
ration. A  municipal  district  is  the  territory  under  the  administra- 
tion of  a  municipal  council.  Municipal  districts  are  established, 
increased,  diminished,  annexed  to  other  municipal  districts,  wholly  or 
in  part,  or  abolished,  by  the  Military  Governor  as  the  lawful  suc- 
cessor of  the  Governor-General.  They  correspond  in  a  measure  to 
American  counties  or  townships,  and  as  prerequisites  to  their  estab- 
lishment must  contain  not  less  than  2,000  inhabitants,  a  territory  pro- 
portioned in  extent  to  the  population,  and  be  able  to  meet  the  obligatory 
municipal  expenses. 

Municipal  districts  differ  in  area,  and  each  forms  part  of  a  judicial 
district  and  of  a  province,  but  can  not  belong  to  different  jurisdictions 
of  the  same  order.  There  are  6  provinces,  31  judicial  districts,  and 
132  municipal  districts  in  the  island. 

To  facilitate  the  administrative  service,  each  municipal  district  is 
divided  into  subdistricte  and  the  latter  into  wards  (harrios)^  depending 
on  the  number  of  residents  in  the  subdistricts.  For  political  purposes 
the  subdistricts  are  further  divided  into  electoral  districts  and  the 
latter  into  electoral  sections. 

As  far  as  practicable,  ward  limits  are  arranged  so  that  the  wards 
shall  have  approximately  the  same  population;  but  every  part  of  the 
municipal  district  must  form,  or  be  included  in,  a  ward,  no  matter 
what  its  population  may  be. 

Thus  the  province  of  Matanzas  has  24  municipal  districts  and  128 
wards,  so  that  the  entire  province  is  embraced  within  district  and  ward 
lines.  The  seat  of  municipal  government  is  the  principal  town  or  city 
in  the  district  where  the  enumeration  of  the  subdistricts  and  wards 
begins. 

Each  municipal  district  has  a  municipal  council  and  a  municipal 


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GOVEBNMENT.  47 

board.  The  council  governs  the  district,  subject  to  the  supervision  of 
the  governor  of  the  province  and  Military  Governor  of  the  island,  and 
is  composed  of  a  mayor,  a  certain  number  of  deputy  mayors,  and 
aldermen  taken  from  the  members  of  the  council/ 

The  census  of  the  population  determines  the  number  of  councilors 
to  which  each  municipal  district  is  entitled,  as  follows:  Up  to  500 
inhabitants,  five;  500  to  800,  six;  800  to  1,000,  seven;  between  1,000 
and  10,000,  one  additional  councilor  for  every  additional  1,000  people; 
and  between  10,000  and  20,000,  one  for  every  additional  2,000  people. 
For  more  than  20,000,  one  for  every  additional  2,000  inhabitants  until 
the  municipal  council  has  the  maximum  niunber  of  30  councilors. 

The  number  of  deputy  mayors  is  determined  on  the  same  principle. 
Municipal  districts  of  less  than  800  inhabitants  have  no  deputy  may- 
ors; between  800  and  1,000,  one;  1,000  to  6,000,  two;  6,000  to  10,000, 
three;  10,000  to  18,000,  four;  18,000  or  more,  five.  Up  to  800  inhab- 
itants there  is  but  one  subdistrict,  and  between  800  and  1,000  two,  but 
thereafter  the  number  of  subdistricts  corresponds  to  the  number  of 
deputy  mayors.  Each  deputy  mayor  is  in  charge  of  a  subdistrict  as 
the  representative  of  the  mayor,  discharging  such  administrative  duties 
as  he  may  direct,  but  having  no  independent  functions. 

Up  to  3,000  inhabitants  there  is  but  one  electoral  district;  between 
3,000  and  6,000,  three;  6,000  to  10,000,  four;  10,000  to  18,000,  five; 
18,000  or  more,  six. 

The  councilors  are  elected  from  the  municipality  at  large  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  the  district,  one-half  being  renewed  every  two 
years,  the  councilors  longest  in  service  going  out  at  each  renewal. 
TTiey  are  eligible  for  reelection.  The  regular  elections  are  held  in  the 
first  two  weeks  in  May,  but  partial  elections  are  held  when,  at  least 
six  months  before  the  regular  election,  vacancies  occur  which  amount 
to  a  third  of  the  total  number  of  councilors.  If  they  occur  after  this 
period  they  are  filled  by  the  governor  of  the  province  from  among 
former  members  of  the  council. 

All  male  citizens  over  25  years  of  age  who  enjoy  their  full  civil 
rights,  and  have  lived  at  least  two  years  in  the  municipality,  are  enti- 
tled to  vote,  provided  they  are  not  disqualified  by  sentence  for  certain 
criminal  offenses,  bankruptcy  or  insolvency,  or  are  not  delinquent  tax- 
payers or  paupers. 

The  mayors  and  deputy  mayors  are  appointed  by  the  Military  Gov- 
ernor from  among  the  councilors  on  the  reconmiendation  of  the  coun- 
cil. But  while  under  the  law  the  deputy  mayors  must  be  selected 
from  the  council,  the  Military  Governor  may  appoint  any  person  as 
mayor,  whether  he  belongs  to  the  municipality  or  not. 

In  each  ward  there  is  also  an  alcalde  de  harrio  or  ward  mayor.     He 

'  This  law  was  in  force  when  the  census  was  taken. 


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48  REPORT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899, 

is  appointed  by  the  mayor  of  the  municipal  district,  who  can  also  sus- 
pend or  remove  him.  He  is  i*equired  to  keep  a  register  of  the  horses, 
mules,  and  cattle  in  his  ward,  and  to  discharge  such  administrative 
duties  as  the  deputy  mayor  of  the  subdistrict  in  which  his  ward  is 
located  may  direct. 

Each  council  has  a  secretary,  who  is  appointed  by  the  Military  Gov- 
ernor of  the  island  on  the  recommendation  of  the  council.  The  coun- 
cil also  appoints  from  among  its  members  one  or  more  fiscal  attorneys 
{procuradores  syndicos)^  whose  duty  it  is  to  represent  the  council  in  all 
legal  suits  which  may  be  instituted,  and  to  revise  and  audit  all  local 
accounts  and  budgets.  After  the  council  is  fully  organized  the  coun- 
cilors who  are  not  appointed  to  other  offices  in  the  council  are  called 
aldermen.  The  mayor  and  secretary  are  the  only  salaried  municipal 
officers,  the  office  of  deputy  mayor,  fiscal  attorney ,  alderman,  associate 
member  of  the  municipal  board,  and  mayor  of  a  ward  being  described 
in  the  law  as  "gratuitous,  obligatoiy, and  honorary."  The  mayor, 
deputy  mayors,  and  fiscal  attorneys  have  the  same  right  to  speak  and 
vote  as  the  membei's  of  the  council,  and,  in  fact,  the  first  two  are 
obliged  to  vote  on  eveiy  resolution. 

The  duties  and  responsibilities  of  the  municipal  council  are  those 
which  usually  devolve  on  such  bodies  in  European  countries.  The 
mayor  is  president  of  the  council  and  represents  it  on  all  occasions. 
He  presides  at  the  meetings  when  the  governor  of  the  province  is  not 
present.  He  votes  by  right  of  membership,  and  in  case  of  a  tie  casts 
the  deciding  vote,  but  has  neither  the  veto  nor  the  appointing  power. 
As  a  result,  there  is  no  division  of  responsibility  between  the  mayor 
and  the  council  in  administrative  matters,  the  council,  as  a  whole, 
making  every  appointment  and  deciding  every  question  of  municipal 
administration  as  far  as  the  laws  and  the  provincial  and  insular  gov- 
ernors will  permit,  distributing  the  work  of  departmental  management 
to  permanent  conmiittees  of  their  own  number,  which  they  organize 
and  constitute  as  may  seem  best.  These  committees  have  associated 
with  them  such  experts  and  specialists  as  may  be  necessary,  and  take 
the  place  of  the  several  independent  departments  and  boards  which  are 
features  of  municipal  government  in  the  United  States. 

The  sessions  of  the  municipal  council  are  determined  by  that  body, 
but  can  not  be  less  than  one  each  week.  Every  member  is  required  to 
attend  punctually  or  pay  a  fine.  Neither  the  mayor,  the  deputies, 
aldermen,  nor  ward  mayors  can  absent  themselves  from  the  municipal 
district  unless  they  receive  permission  as  follows:  The  mayor  from  the 
governor  of  the  province,  and  if  the  latter  does  not  appoint  a  tempo- 
mry  mayor  the  senior  deputy  acts;  deputy  mayors  and  aldermen  require 
the  permission  of  the  council;  ward  mayors  of  the  mayor.  The  gov- 
ernor of  the  province  can  suspend  the  mayor  or  the  deputies  and 
aldermen,  as  well  as  the  resolutions  and  decisions  of  the  council,  while 


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GOVEBNMENT.  49 

the  Military  Governor  can  remove  all  municipal  oflSicei*8  and  appoint 
others  to  their  places,  and  modify  or  annul  the  proceedings  of  the 
council. 

The  municipal  board  is  composed  of  the  municipal  council  and  an 
equal  number  of  associate  members  elected  from  among  the  taxpayers 
of  the  district,  who  hold  office  during  the  fiscal  year.  It  is  the  duty  of 
the  board  to  revise  the  annual  budget  of  municipal  expenses  prepared 
by  the  council  and  to  establish  the  taxes  according  to  law. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  November  25, 1897,  municipalities  were  granted 
the  power  to  frame  their  own  laws  regarding  health,  public  education, 
public  highways  by  land,  river  or  sea,  and  municipal  finances,  and 
freely  to  appoint  and  remove  their  own  employees.  Municipal  councils 
were  empowered  to  choose  their  own  mayors  from  among  the  coun- 
cilors, and  provision  was  made  for  a  minority  representation  in  the 
councils.     Owing  to  the  war  this  decree  did  not  become  operative. 

General  Wood,  the  Military  Governor  of  Cuba,  under  date  of  March 
24,  1900,  intrusted  to  the  municipal  authorities,  without  any  interven- 
tion on  the  part  of  civil  governors,  the  maintenance  of  public  order, 
the  execution  of  municipal  ordinances,  the  administration  of  the  munic- 
ipal police,  the  regulation  of  public  amusements,  and  the  granting  of 
permits  for  public  parades,  assemblies,  and  meetings  within  their 
respective  districts. 

By  a  civil  decree  of  April  18,  1900,  the  power  to  elect  mayoi-s, 
councilors,  treasurers,  municipal  judges,  and  correctional  judges,  to 
hold  office  for  one  year,  was  conferred  on  municipalities.  This  decree 
further  provided  for  the  registration  of  voters,  the  nomination  of 
candidates,  tickets,  boards  of  election,  voting,  methods  of  challenge, 
and  penalties  for  all  kinds  of  election  frauds. 

The  qualifications  of  voters  at  municipal  elections  were  established 
as  follows: 

1.  The  voter  must  be  a  native  male  Cuban,  or  the  son  of  a  native  male  Cuban, 
born  while  his  parents  were  temporarily  residing  abroad,  or  a  Spaniard  included 
within  the  provisions  of  article  9  of  the  treaty  of  Paris,  who  has  not  made  declara- 
tion of  his  decision  to  preserve  his  allegiance  to  the  Crown  of  Spain,  as  provided  in 
said  article. 

2.  He  must  be  of  the  age  of  21  years  or  upward  on  the  day  preceding  the  day  of 
election. 

3.  He  must  have  resided  in  the  municipality  in  which  he  intends  to  vote  at  least 
thirty  days  immediately  preceding  the  first  day  of  registration,  and  in  addition  to 
the  above  he  mufit  possess  any  one  of  the  following  qualifications:  (a)  Ability  to 
read  and  write;  (6)  ownership  of  real  or  personal  property  to  the  value  of  $250, 
American  gold;  (c)  service  in  the  Cuban  army  prior  to  July  IS,  1898,  and  the 
honorable  discharge  therefrom,  whether  a  native  Cuban  or  not. 

Digqualifications, — No  person  shall  be  qualified  to  vote  who  is  insane  or  an  idiot,  or 
who  is  a  resident  in,  or  supported  by,  any  public  charitable  institution,  or  who  is 
deprived  of  or  suspended  from  the  exercise  of  his  political  rights  by  sentence  of  a 
court,  except  in  cases  where  the  conviction  is  for  a  crime  of  a  political  character. 
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50  REPOBT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

PROVINCIAL  GOVERNMENT. 

Under  the  laws  of  Spain,  a  province  is  composed  of  the  municipal 
districts  within  its  limits.  Up  to  the  8th  of  October,  1607,  Cuba 
formed  a  single  province,  but  by  royal  decree  of  that  date,  it  was 
divided  into  two  provinces,  the  Oriental  and  Occidental,  the  capitals 
of  which  were  the  cities  of  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Habana,  respec- 
tively. The  Governor-General  resided  in  Habana  and  a  provincial 
government  was  established  in  Santiago.  Over  the  Occident*:!  prov- 
ince he  had  immediate  supei'vision,  and  over  the  Oriental  through  its 
governor. 

This  continued  to  be  the  provincial  division  of  the  island  until  July 
17,  1827,  when  by  royal  decree  it  was  divided  into  three  departments, 
to  wit:  The  Occidental,  Central,  and  Oriental,  with  capitals  in  Habana, 
Trinidad,  and  Santiago,  respectively. 

The  departments  were  further  divided  into  districts,  the  Occidental 
having  11,  the  Central  6,  and  the  Oriental  4.  To  each  department  a 
lieutenant-governor  was  appointed — a  general  officer  of  the  Spa,  ish 
army — and  to  the  districts  military  officers  of  subordinate  rank.  The 
officers  were  appointed  by  the  Governor-General,  to  whom  they  were 
directly  responsible  for  the  administration  of  civil  and  military  affairs 
within  the  territorial  divisions  to  which  they  were  assigned. 

In  1860,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Captain-General,  the  Cent 
department  was  discontinued,  and  the  municipalities  of  Puerto  Prin- 
cipe, Neuvitas,  and  Trinidad  were  all  annexed  to  the  Occidental  depai^ 
ment;  the  far  eastern  part  of  its  territory  was  incorporated  with  tb' 
Oriental  department,  which  now  constitutes  the  province  of  Santiago 

By  a  royal  decree  of  June  9,  1878,  Cuba  was  divided  into  tht 
provinces  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  Puerto 
Principe,  and  Santiago  do  Cuba,  with  capitals  in  the  cities  bearing  the 
names  of  the  provinces.  The  provincial  government  was  vested  in  a 
civil  governor,  a  provincial  deputation,  and  a  provincial  committee. 
The  governor  was  appointed  and  removed  by  the  Governor-General 
and  received  a  salary  of  from  $4,000  to  $8,000  in  Spanish  gold,  accord- 
ing as  the  province  was  first,  second,  or  third  class. 

The  provincial  deputation  was  composed  of  deputies  elected  for  four 
years  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  municipalities.  The  number  of 
deputies  depended  on  the  nmnber  of  electoral  districts  in  the  province 
Bs  determined  by  the  provincial  deputation,  and  approved  by  the  Gov- 
ernor-General. In  the  same  way  the  judicial  districts  of  the  province 
were  allowed  to  elect  twelve  deputies,  more  or  less,  depending  on 
whether  the  number  of  deputies  elected  by  the  municipalities  exceeded 
or  was  less  than  twenty.     The  deputies  served  without  pay. 

The  provincial  committee  and  its  vice-president  were  appointed  by 
the  Governor-General  from  among  the  members  of  the  deputation  and 
consisted  of  five   deputies  who  received   a   salary  of  from  $1,200  to 


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GOVEBNMENT.  51 

$2,000  a  year  in  Spaninh  gold,  according  to  the  classification  of  the 
province.  The  deputation  met  in  regular  session  in  November  and 
April  and  held  such  extra  sessions  as  were  necessary.  The  permanent 
conmaittee  represented  the  deputation  when  not  in  session,  and  acted  as 
an  advisory  body  to  the  governor  in  respect  to  matters  which  the  laws 
did  not  impose  on  the  deputation. 

The  governor  of  the  province,  as  the  representative  of  the  Governor- 
General,  presided  over  the  deputation  and  permanent  committee  and 
acted  as  the  chief  executive  of  the  province  in  all  matters.  It  was  his 
duty  to  inspect  the  councils  and  the  municipalities,  informing  the 
Governor-General  of  all  cases  of  negligence  or  disaflfection.  He  had 
supreme  authority,  subject,  of  course,  to  the  Governor-General.  He 
was  responsible  for  public  order,  and  the  military  authorities  of  the 
province  were  under  his  control. 

The  provincial  deputation  had  charge  generally  of  the  public  roads, 
harbors,  navigation  and  irrigation,  and  all  kinds  of  public  works  of  a 
provincial  character,  the  charitable  institutions  and  those  of  instruc- 
tion, fairs,  expositions,  etc.,  and  the  administration  of  the  provincial 
funds.  The  secretary,  auditor,  and  treasurer  of  the  deputation  were 
appointed  by  the  governor  of  the  province  on  the  reconunendation  of 
the  deputation. 

By 'a  decree  of  1892  Cuba  was  divided  into  three  ''Regions" 
under  the  name  of  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santiago  de  Cuba.  The 
first  one  comprised  the  provinces  of  Habana  and  Pinar  del  Rio,  the 
second  Matanzas  and  Santa  Clara,  and  the  third  one  Santiago  de  Cuba 
and  Puerto  Principe.  The  "  Regions"  were  under  regional  governor, 
who  resided  in  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santiago  cities,  respectively, 
and  we^e  at  the  same  time  civil  governors  of  the  provinces.  The 
provinces  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  Santa  Clara,  and  Puerto  Principe  also  had 
civil  governors  who  were  under  the  authority  of  the  governors  of  the 
regions. 

The  regional  governors  had  a  consulting  cabinet  called  ^^CoTiseijo 
Regimud^'^  composed  of  five  members  appointed  by  the  Governor- 
General  of  the  island,  on  the  nomination  of  the  regional  governors. 

The  civil  governors  of  the  provinces  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  Santa  Clara, 
and  Puerto  Principe  had  the  same  authority  they  had  prior  to  the 
establishment  of  the  regions. 

It  is  said  that  the  regions  were  formed  for  the  purpose  of  decen- 
tralizing the  administration  of  the  island,  which  had  always  been  car- 
ried on  in  Habana,  but  this  result  did  not  follow,  and  the  change  only 
served,  apparently,  to  introduce  further  complications. 

INSULAR  GOVERNMENT. 

Valasquez  and  his  successors  to  the  time  of  De  Soto,  1538,  were 
lieutenant-governors,  with  limited  power  exercised  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  governor  and  audiencia  of  Santo  Domingo.     De  Soto  was 


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52  REPOBT  ON  THE   CENSUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 

the  first  Governor-General,  and  had  nine  successors  with  that  title  to 
1581,  when  Gabriel  de  Lujan  was  appointed  Captain-General.  This 
title  was  continued  to  the  end  of  the  Spanish  control,  a  period  of  four 
hundred  and  six  years. 

While  the  Governor-General,  as  the  representative  of  the  Crown, 
was  the  civil,  military,  and  political  head  of  Cuba,  and  as  a  matter  of 
fact  exercised  the  highest  prerogatives  of  government,  his  authority 
in  reference  to  disbursements  was  limited  by  the  direct  appointment 
of  the  Crown  of  the  officers  intrusted  with  the  collection  of  the  reve- 
nues. He  was  also  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  mtdieticia  of  Santo 
Domingo,  which  had  authority,  on  complaint,  to  examine  into  his  acts, 
to  suspend  him  and  other  officials  from  office,  and  to  make  provisional 
appointments  subject  to  the  decusion  of  the  supreme  court  of  Spain  on 
appeal.  In  1795  the  aitdienda  of  Santo  Domingo  was  transfeiTed  to  the 
province  of  Puerto  Principe,  when  that  island  was  ceded  to  France. 

Up  to  1556  the  Governors  wore  frequently  appointed  from  civil  life, 
but  the  military  needs  of  the  island,  occasioned  by  the  attacks  of  buc- 
caneers and  privateers,  suggested  a  modification.  This  was  made  grad- 
ually, the  office  of  Governor-General  being  held  by  both  soldiers  and 
civilians  until  the  year  1716.  From  that  date  to  1898  the  Governor- 
General  was  a  general  officer  of  high  rank  in  the  Spanish  army,  in 
whom  were  united  all  civil  and  military  powers. 

No  change  of  importance  appears  to  have  taken  place  in  the  insular 
government  of  Cuba  until  1812,  when  Spain  became  a  constitutional 
monarchy  and  so  remained  until  1814,  when  it  was  abrogated  by  Ferdi- 
nand. This  brief  period  of  constitutional  government  was  not  without 
liberalizing  influences  in  Cuba,  and  a  division  was  made  between  the 
civil  and  the  military  powers  of  the  Goveraor-Geneml.  With  the 
abrogation  of  the  constitution  of  1812  the  Governors  of  Cuba  resumed 
their  former  prerogatives  and  the  system  of  centralization,  character- 
istic of  the  government,  was  fully  reestablished. 

By  the  revolution  of  1820  the  constitution  of  1812  was  again  reestab- 
lished in  Spain,  but  was  set  aside  in  1823. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  May  28,  1825,  ''all  the  powers  conceded  to  the 
governors  of  cities  in  a  sUite  of  siege"  were  conferred  on  the  Gov- 
ernor-General. This  decree  was  never  revoked,  and  conferred  des- 
potic powers  on  the  Governor-General. 

In  1836  the  constitution  of  1812  was  restored,  but  its  provisions 
were  not  extended  to  Cuba,  which  was  to  be  governed  under  a  special 
system  of  decrees,  orders,  etc. 

Associated  with  the  Governor-General  and  fonning  part  of  the  pub- 
lic administration  of  the  island  were  certain  special  corporations  and 
boards,  as  of  public  works,  health,  charity,  and  public  instruction.  By 
a  royal  decree  of  August  17,  1854,  the  active  administrative  functions 
of  these  boards,  etc.,  were  vested  in  the  Governor-Greneral,  and  they 


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GOVERNMENT.  53 

were  declared  to  be  "  consultative  councils  of  the  Governor."  In  1881 
the  constitution  of  1876  was  extended  to  Cuba,  which  regulated  in  some 
measure  the  powers  conferred  on  the  Governor-General  by  the  decree 
of  1825. 

By  the  law  of  March  15, 1895,  the  government  and  civil  administra- 
tion were  reorganized  and  the  Governor-General  given  a  council  of 
administration  consisting  of  30  councilors,  15  of  whom  were  appointed 
by  the  Crown  and  15  elected  by  voters  having  the  right  to  vote  for 
members  of  the  provincial  assemblies,  who  were  elected  at  the  same 
time. 

The  term  of  office  of  councilor  was  four  years,  one-half  of  the 
councilors  going  out  every  two  years,  and  the  office  was  declared  to  be 
honorary  and  gratuitous. 

While  the  council  of  administration  was  given  authority  to  take  the 
initiative  by  resolution  in  respect  to  any  matter  p>ertaining  to  the 
proper  management  of  the  island,  and  the  Governor-General  was 
directed  to  carry  out  such  resolutions,  he  had  full  authority  to  stay 
their  execution  and  to  take  such  measures  as  he  thought  advisable,  sub- 
mitting the  matter  to  the  minister  of  the  colonies.  He -had  authority 
to  suspend  the  council  of  admin isti*ation  after  hearing  the  council  of 
authorities,  and  any  members  without  such  he>aring,  provided  there 
were  councilors  enough  left  to  form  a  qu6rum. 

The  council  of  authorities  consisted  of  the  Bishop  of  Habana  or 
the  Archbishop  of  Santiago,  the  commander  of  the  naval  station,  the 
Military  Governor,  the  presiding  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Habana, 
the  attorney -genei-al,  the  head  of  the  department  of  finance,  and  the 
director  of  local  administration.  This  was  a  purely  advisory  council, 
submitting  its  views  in  the  form  of  resolutions,  which  were  not  bind- 
ing on  the  Governor-General. 

The  law  of  1895  made  more  lil>eral  provisions  for  the  government 
of  the  provinces  and  municipalities  and  the  election  of  mayors  and 
aldermen. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  November  25,  1897,  Cuba  was  given  an  insular 
parliament  consisting  of  two  chaml>ers,  which,  with  the  Governor- 
General,  representing  the  mother  country,  constituted  the  government 
of  the  island.  The  parliament  was  to  consist  of  two  bodies  of  equal 
legislative  powers,  to  be  known  as  the  chamber  of  representatives  and 
a  council  of  administration,  the  latter  of  35  members,  18  elected  and 
17  appointed  by  the  Crown  on  nomination  by  the  Governor-General. 
The  representatives  were  apportioned  at  the  rate  of  one  for  every 
25,000  inhabitants,  and  were  chosen  for  five  years.  The  Crown  repre- 
sentatives were  appointed  for  life.  The  insular  parliament  was  to 
meet  annually,  and  while  given  ample  authority  to  legislate  for  the 
island,  the  veto  of  the  Governor-GenemI  enabled  him  to  suspend  the 
publication  and  execution  of  the  laws,  etc.,  imtil  Madrid  could  be 
heard  from. 


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54  KEPORT   ON   THE   0EK8U8   OP   CUBA,   1899. 

The  decree  provided  for  a  cabinet  of  five  secretaries  of  department, 
to  wit:  grace,  justice,  and  interior;  finance;  public  education,  and  public 
works;  posts  and  telegraphs;  agriculture,  industry  and  commerce. 
The  cabinet  was  inaugurated  January  1,  1898.  A  modification  of  the 
provincial  and  municipal  government  and  a  number  of  other  measures 
were  contained  in  the  decree,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  a 
more  detailed  account  of  its  provisions.  One  of  the  most  important 
of  these  conferrexi  on  the  insular  government  the  framing  of  the 
tariflf,  always  a  cAuse  of  grave  economic  disturbance  while  it  had  been 
under  the  home  government. 

As  the  country  was  involved  in  war,  the  execution  of  this  decree 
was  not  carried  out  except  as  to  the  organization  of  the  parliament 
and  cabinet,  and  possibly  in  some  of  its  minor  prescriptions.  The 
chambers  were  inaugurated  in  May  and  dissolved  by  Captain-General 
Blanco  in  October.  The  cabinet  was  abolished  shortly  before  Ameri- 
can occupation,  and  the  autonomous  government  came  to  an  end. 

On  the  withdrawal  of  Spain  the  government  of  the  island  devolved 
on  the  Army  of  the  United  States  under  the  laws  of  war,  and  Maj. 
Gen.  John  R.  Brooke  was  appointed  Military  Governor.  He  entered 
on  his  duties  January  1,  1899,  and  in  order  to  acquaint  the  people  of 
the  island  with  the  intentions  of  the  President  as  Ck>nunander  in  Chief 
of  the  Anny,  issued  the  following  proclamation: 

To  the  People  of  Cuba: 

Coming  among  you  as  the  representative  of  the  President,  in  furtherance  and  in 
continuation  of  the  humane  purpose  with  which  my  country  interfered  to  put  an  end 
to  the  distressing  condition  in  this  island,  I  deem  it  proper  to  say  that  the  object  of 
the  present  government  is  to  give  protection  to  the  people,  security  to  person  and 
property,  to  restore  confidence,  to  encourage  the  people  to  resume  the  pursuits  of 
peace,  to  build  up  waste  plantations,  to  resume  commercial  traffic,  and  to  afford  full 
protection  in  the  exercise  of  all  civil  and  religious  rights. 

To  this  end  the  protection  of  the  United  States  Government  will  be  directed,  and 
every  possible  provision  made  to  carry  out  these  objects  through  the  channels  of 
civil  administration,  although  under  military  control,  in  the  interest  and  for  the 
benefit  of  all  the  people  of  Cuba,  and  those  possessed  of  righta  and  property  in  the 
island. 

The  civil  and  criminal  code  which  prevailed  prior  to  the  relinquishment  of  Span- 
ish sovereignty  will  remain  in  force,  with  such  modifications  and  changes  as  may 
from  time  to  time  be  found  necessary  in  the  interest  of  good  government. 

The  people  of  Cuba,  without  regard  to  previous  affiliations,  are  invited  and  urged 
to  cooperate  in  these  objects  by  the  exercise  of  moderation,  conciliation,  and  good 
will  one  toward  another;  and  a  hearty  acfeord  in  our  humanitarian  purposes  will 
insure  kind  and  beneficent  government. 

The  military  governor  of  the  island  will  always  be  pleased  to  confer  with  those 
who  may  desire  to  consult  him  on  matters  of  public  interest. 

On  January  11  he  revised  the  cabinet,  vesting  the  administration  of 
the  ci\il  government  in  a  department  of  state  and  government,  depart- 
ment of  finance,  department  of  justice  and  public  Instruction,  and 
department  of  agriculture,  commerce,  industries,  and  public  works. 


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GOVERNMENT.  55 

Many  changes,  having  in  view  the  better  administration  of  the  govern- 
ment, were  made  by  General  Brooke  and  his  successor,  General 
Wood,  but  the  scope  of  this  report  will  not  pennit  a  detailed  account 
of  them.  The  object  has  been  gradually  to  confer  on  the  Cubans  full 
civil  rights,  together  with  all  the  powere  of  local  self-government — 
municipal,  provincial,  and  insular — and  to  do  this  as  mpidly  as  local 
conditions  and  the  serious  international  obligations  to  protect  life  and 
property  in  the  island,  assumed  by  the  United  States  under  the  treaty 
of  Paris,  will  permit. 

REPRESENTATION   OF  CUBA   IN   THE   SPANISH   CORTES. 

By  a  Yoyu,\  decree  of  1810  Cuba  was  given  representation  in  the 
Cortes.  Two  deputies  were  sent,  one  each  from  Habana  and  Santiago, 
who  took  part  in  framing  the  Spanish  constitution  of  1812.  With 
the  abrogation  of  this  constitution  in  1814  the  representation  ceased, 
but  was  reestablished  in  1820.  It  ceased  again  in  1823  and  there  was 
no  representation  in  the  Cortes  until  1834,  when,  under  a  royal  statute 
of  that  year,  repre^sentatives  were  again  admitted. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  1837,  however,  a  resolution  of  the  Cortes  of 
1836  was  published,  which  provided  that  the  provinces  in  America 
and  Asia  be  governed  and  administered  under  laws  especially  adapted 
to  them  and  that  they  cease  to  be  represented  in  the  Cortes. 

The  electoral  laws  of  1877-1879  again  gave  Cuba  representation  in 
the  Cortes,  in  the  proportion  of  1  deputy  for  every  50,000  people. 
Under  the  electoral  law  of  1892  Cuba  sent  13  senators  and  30  repre- 
sentatives to  the  Spanish  Cortes,  but,  as  a  majority  of  the  deputies 
were  Spaniards,  the  native  Cubans  felt  that  they  were  never  fairly 
represented. 

CUBAN   REPUBLICS. 

A  republic  has  been  twice  proclaimed  in  Cuba  by  revolutionists, 
viz,  during  the  ten  years'  war  and  again  in  1895,  but  these  govern- 
ments proved  to  be  provisional  and  expired  with  the  revolutions 
which  produced  them. 

THE  JUDICIARY. 

Intimately  connected  with  the  government  of  Cuba  was  the  judi- 
ciary, and  as  no  account  of  administration  under  Spain  would  be 
complete  without  some  reference  to  the  courts,  a  brief  outline  is  pre- 
sented. 

At  the  date  of  American  occupation  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Spanish 
Government  over  court  officials  was  exercised  through  the  department 
of  grace  and  justice,  which,  by  the  military  decree  of  January  11, 
1899,  became  the  department  of  justice  and  public  instruction,  and  by 
a  decree  of  January  1,  1900,  the  department  of  justice.    The  duties 


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56  REPORT  ON  THE  OENflUS  OF  CUBA,  ISW. 

which  devolve  on  the  department  of  justice  are  those  which  usually 
pertain  to  such  departments,  but  in  Cuba  it  has  also  supervision 
over  the  registers  of  property  and  notaries  public,  to  which  reference 
will  be  made  further  on. 

The  courts  of  Cuba  were  essentially  insular,  the  judges  being 
appointed  either  directly  by  the  Government  or  indirectly  through 
its  officials,  and  were  of  four  classes  or  kinds,  viz,  municipal  judges, 
judges  of  first  instance  and  instruction,  criminal  audiencias^  and  terri 
torial  audieneids.  The  last  named  were  reduc^  to  three  by  a  decree 
of  June  16,  1899,  giving  all  the  audiencloH  the  same  civil  and  criminal 
jurisdiction.  The  municipal  judges  were  distributed  to  the  municipal 
districts,  one  or  more  in  each,  and  were  appointed  by  the  presiding 
judges  or  presidents  of  the  audiencias  from  among  three  persons 
nominated  by  the  judges  of  first  instance  of  the  judicial  districts; 
they  held  office  for  two  years.  At  the  same  time  a  substitute  was 
appointed,  who  performed  the  duties  when  from  sickness  or  other 
cause  the  regular  judge  cx>uld  not  officiate. 

The  municipal  judges  receive  no  salary  or  allowances  and  their  serv- 
ices are  requited  by  fees,  paid  according  to  regular  schedule. 

They  had  and  still  have  civil  jurisdiction  over  all  suits  not  involving 
more  than  $200,  and  of  suits  to  effect  settlements  without  trial;  they 
take  cognizance  in  first  instance  of  cases  involving  the  challenge  of 
other  municipal  judges;  they  appoint  the  family  oouncil  for  the  care 
of  minors  or  incapacitated  parsons  and  commence  the  investigation  of 
all  cases  of  emergency  requiring  an  immediate  decision  by  a  judge  of 
first  instance,  when  the  latter  is  not  available,  to  whom  the  record  is 
sent  for  a  continuance.  In  criminal  cases  they  have  jurisdiction  over 
all  misdemeanors  where  the  penalty  imposed  does  not  exceed  thirty 
days'  confinement  or  a  fine  of  325  pesetas.  They  make  the  prelimi- 
nary investigation  into  all  kinds  of  crimes,  if  urgent,  and  the  judge  of 
instruction  is  not  present.  The  municipal  judges  also  keep  the  civil 
registers  of  births,  deaths,  and  marriages.  £^h  municipal  court  has 
a  public  prosecutor  (Jiscal)^  and  a  substitute  prosecutor,  who  are 
appointed  by  the  fiscals  of  the  territorial  audiencias'j  a  secretary 
appointed  by  the  judge  of  first  instance  and  instruction;  and  a  bailiff 
or  constable.  All  officials  of  the  court  were  paid  from  court  fees, 
according  to  schedule. 

The  judges  of  first  instance  and  instruction  are  located  at  the  seat  of 
the  judical  districts  to  which  they  are  appointed,  and  there  are  as  many 
judges  as  districts  (see  "Government").  They  are  appointed  by  the 
Governor-General  and  when  unable  to  perform  their  duties  are  substi- 
tuted by  one  of  the  municipal  judges  in  the  district.  They  are  paid 
according  to  their  classification,  those  in  Habana  receiving  $4,500  per 
annum,  those  in  the  cities  of  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago  de  Cuba 
$2,750,  those  of  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Pinar  del  Rio,  Guanajay,  Santa 


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GOVEBNMENT.  57 

Clara,  Cienfuegos,  and  Sagua  la  Grande,  $2,250,  and  those  of  Bejucal, 
Guanabacoa,  Guines,  Jaruco,  Marianao,  San  Antonio  de  los  Baflos, 
Marin,  Alfonso  XII,  Colon,  Guane,  San  Cristobal,  San  Juan  de  los 
Remedios,  Sancti  Spiritus,  Trinidad,  Baracoa,  Bayamo,  Guantanamo, 
Holguin,  and  Manzanillo,  $1,875  per  annum. 

The  judges  of  first  instance  have  original  civil  jurisdiction  in  all 
cases  where  the  amount  involved  exceeds  $200,  and  appellate  jurisdic- 
tion from  the  municipal  courts;  they  decide  questions  of  competency 
arising  between  municipal  judges  of  the  same  judicial  district,  take 
cognizance,  in  first  instance,  when  the  competency  of  other  judges  of 
first  instance  is  in  question,  and  of  appeals  in  similar  cases  of  munici- 
pal judges;  they  hear  cases  in  bankruptcy  and  for  the  discharge  of 
such  commissions  or  other  duties  as  may  be  devolved  on  them  by 
superior  courts  or  of  courts  of  the  same  category  of  other  judicial 
districts. 

The  other  officials  of  a  court  of  first  instance  are  one  secretary,  four 
court  or  record  clerks  {eacrihanos)^  one  physician,  and  two  bailiffs  or 
constables.  The  secretaries  are  appointed  by  the  judges  of  first 
instance,  while  the  clerks  are  appointed  by  the  government  on  the 
reconunendation  in  ternary  of  the  audiencias.  The  secretaries  and 
clerks  are  paid  from  fees  according  to  a  schedule  established  by  the 
government  and  collected  from  litigants. 

Prior  to  American  occupation  there  were  three  criminal  audiencias 
and  three  territorial  avdiendas.  The  criminal  audAencioB  were  located 
in  Pinar  del  Rio,  Santa  Clara,  and  Puerto  Principe,  and  each  was  com- 
posed of  a  presiding  judge  and  two  associate  justices.  They  were 
appointed  by  the  Governor-General  and  paid  as  follows:  Presiding 
judge  $4,280  per  annum;  associates,  $3,500.  These  courts  had  original 
and  exclusive  jurisdiction  over  all  crimes  committed  in  the  island  from 
chicken  stealing  to  murder,  until  the  establishment  by  General  Wood 
■of  the  special  criminal  court  {Juzgado  de  Ovardia)  of  Habana,  by  a 
decree  of  February  1,  1900,  a  brief  account  of  which  will  be  given 
later.     The  criminal  avdlencias  had  no  civil  jurisdiction. 

The  other  officials  of  the  criminal  avdiendas  were  one  public  prose- 
cutor (Jiscal)  one  deputy  prosecutor,  one  secretary,  one  assistant  secre- 
tary, and  two  clerks. 

Territorial  avdiendds  were  established  in  the  provinces  of  Habana, 
Matanzas,  and  Santiago,  and  had  criminal  jurisdiction  in  the  provinces 
where  located,  and  civil  jurisdiction  in  the  territory  assigned  them; 
thus,  the  cmdiencia  of  Habana  had  criminal  jurisdiction  in  that  prov- 
ince and  civil  jurisdiction  over  Pinar  del  Rio  and  Habana;  the  tenu- 
torial  audienda  of  Matanzas  had  criminal  jurisdiction  over  that 
province  and  civil  jurisdiction  over  Matanzas  and  Santa  Clara;  the 
territorial  audtencia  of  Santiago  had  criminal  jurisdiction  over  the 
province  of  Santiago  and  civil  jurisdiction  over  Santiago  and  Puerto 


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58  REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Principe.  Thus  the  territorial  audlencias  had  a  criminal  chamber  and 
a  civil  chamber  or  nala.  The  judges  were  appointed  by  the  Governor- 
General  in  council  with  the  secretaries.'  The  presiding  judges  of  the 
audiencia  of  Habana  received  a  salary  of  $5,750;  the  nine  associate 
judges  $5,000;  the  other  court  officials  were  the  same  as  for  the  crim- 
inal aivdiencias  with  the  addition  of  an  assistant  deputy  fiscal  or  public 
prosecutor. 

By  a  decree  of  June  15,  1899,  civil  and  criminal  jurisdiction  was 
conferred  on  the  six  midlencias  within  the  provinces  where  established. 
Certain  administrative  functions  and  duties  were  also  imposed  on  them, 
and  the  fees  which  were  formerly  paid  to  the  secretaries  of  audiencias 
in  stamped  paper  of  the  state  were  also  suppressed. 

Other  court  officials  under  the  laws  of  Spain  were  the  solicitors,  who 
represented  contending  parties  in  civil  and  criminal  causes.  Formerly 
the  office  of  solicitor  was  sold  as  a  source  of  revenue  to  those  who 
paid  the  highest  price,  the  insular  government  agreeing  not  to 
increase  the  number  of  such  officials.  Their  intervention  in  lawsuits 
and  practically  in  all  legal  proceedings  was  made  obligatory,  and  the 
monopoly  of  their  duties  was  left  to  a  certain  number  in  each  town  in 
consideration  of  the  price  paid  for  the  office.  Other  officials,  although 
not  judicial,  were  the  notaries,  who  were  authorized  to  certify  to  con- 
ti'acts  and  other  extra-judicial  instruments  in  accordance  with  the 
notarial  law  of  1862.  Solicitors  are  now  appointed  by  the  secretary 
of  justice  and  their  employment  is  no  longer  compulsory. 

While  attorney's  are  not,  properly  speaking,  court  officials,  they  had 
this  chai*acter  in  Cuba  because  the  laws  made  their  intervention  in  a 
large  majority  of  cases  indispensable  as  counsel  for  the  parties  to  civil 
and  criminal  suits.  As  a  result,  the  qualification  of  the  attorneys  are 
regulated  by  the  state,  the  diplomas  being  issued  by  the  Governor- 
General  after  an  examination  by  boards  of  the  university  in  the  fol- 
lowing subjects:  Philosophy  and  law,  metaphysics,  general  and- 
Spanish  literature,  Spanish  history,  political  economy,  natural  law, 
Roman  law,  canonical  law,  political  law,  penal  law,  civil  law,  adminis- 
trative law,  public  treasury,  history  of  Spanish  law,  law  of  civil  and 
criminal  procedure,  and  international  law,  public  and  private. 

In  all  towns  where  there  is  a  temtorial  midienda  there  is  a  college 
of  lawyers  for  the  equitable  distribution  of  offices,  and  to  preserve 
order  and  discipline  among  the  lawyers  of  the  territory  of  the  audi- 
encia. 

Other  officials  connected  with  the  administration  of  real  property 
are  the  registers  of  property,  classified,  according  to  the  importance  of 
the  locality  in  which  they  reside,  as  first,  second,  and  third  class. 
They  are  appointed  by  the  Government  and  are  required  to  give  bond 
for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  dutie>s;  they  charge  the  fees  pre- 
scribed by  law.     It  is  the  duty  of  registers  to  make  a  record  of  all 


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GOVEENMENT.  59 

acts  and  contracts,  mortgages,  etc. ,  transferring,  encumbering,  or  limit- 
ing the  ownership  or  administration  of  real  estate  or  property  rights 
or  contracts;  constituting,  altering,  or  dissolving  commercial  associ- 
ations, and  transfers  of  vessels.  They  can  not  be  removed  or  trans- 
ferred against  their  will  except  by  judicial  decision.  They  are 
entitled  to  a  pension  when,  on  account  of  their  age  or  physicjil  inc4ipac- 
ity,  they  are  prevented  from  performing  the  duties  of  their  office,  and 
this  pension  passes  to  the  widow  and  children. 

Such,  in  brief,  is  an  outline  of  the  Spanish  courts  as  they  were  con- 
stituted on  the  Ist  of  January,  1899;  and  while  the  composition  of  the 
courts  and  the  codes  of  law  were  no  doubt  sufficient  for  the  needs  of 
the  island,  the  judiciary,  as  the  creation  of  the  government  and  exist- 
ing at  its  pleasure,  had  but  little  independence,  and  the  administration 
of  the  coui*ts  was  characterized  by  arbitrary  arrasts,  the  incomimmi- 
cado^  exorbitant  fees  to  court  officials  in  both  civil  and  criminal  trials, 
and  not  infrequently  by  corrupt  and  dishonest  practices.  As  a  rule, 
the  judiciary  was  monopolized  by  Spaniards,  and  no  Cuban  could  hope 
for  appointment  to  the  bench,  and  a  speedy  and  impartial  trial  whore 
Cubans  were  concerned  was  quite  unusual.  Many  of  the  prisoners, 
found  in  the  jails  of  the  island  at  the  time  of  American  occupation  had 
been  in  confinement  without  trial  for  years,  and  of  those  who  had  l>een 
tried  only  a  few  were  serving  sentence,  although  in  some  instances 
years  had  elapsed  since  their  appearance  in  court. 

If  the  impartial  and  speedy  administration  of  justice  is  a  reliable 
indication  of  good  government,  then  it  must  be  confessed  that  the 
government  of  Cuba  lacked  that  attribute. 

As  a  result  of  the  withdrawal  of  Spain  from  Cuba  a  supreme  court 
was  established  by  a  decree  of  General  Brooke,  April  14,  1899,  to  hear 
cases  and  appeals  which  under  Spanish  i*ule  would  have  been  sent  to 
Spain  for  decision. 

The  court  has  its  seat  in  Habana,  and  is  composed  of  a  president  or 
chief  justice,  6  associate  justices,  1  fiscal  or  prosecuting  attorney,  2 
assistant  fiscah^  1  secretary,  2  deputy  clerks,  and  other  subordinate 
officials. 

Another  court,  established  by  General  Ludlow,  military  governor 
of  Habana,  January  6,  1899,  was  the  police  or  correctional  court  of 
Habana.  In  his  report  to  the  Military  Governor  of  the  island,  June 
10,  explaining  his  action,  General  Ludlow  writes: 

Article  220  of  the  municipal  police  laws  of  Habana  provides  that  the  imposition  of 
fines  for  violation  of  city  ordinances  is  within  the  "exclusive  jurisdiction*'  of  the 
city  government,  the  mayor,  the  assistant  mayors,  and  the  deputies  and  inspectors 
of  the  municipal  service. 

During  the  period  when  the  organization  of  the  police  and  the  regulation  of  the 
other  city  business  were  in  progress,  and  numerous  arrests  were  made  for  misde- 
meanors, usually  of  a  minor  character,  drunkenness  and  the  like,  largely  by  Ameri- 
cans, soldiers  and  civilians,  I  designated  an  officer  of  my  staff  as  a  supervisor  of 


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60  KEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

police,  giving  him  certain  discretionary  authority  with  refer^ice  to  the  police  force 
and  its  methods  and  the  due  carrying  out  of  its  executive  and  disciplinary  purposes. 

Owing  to  the  lack  of  proper  accommodation  for  transient  prisoners,  and  with  the 
view  to  expedite  the  administration  of  justice,  the  supervisor  of  police  held  at  the 
Vivac  a  trial  court  for  sifting  out  the  police  cases  and  summarily  disposing  of  such 
as  did  not  require  the  action  of  the  municipal  judges  for  criminal  offenses. 

For  this  purpose,  after  hearing  the  evidence  in  each  case,  fines  were  imposed  or 
alternatively  continuance  of  detention,  at  the  rate  of  a  day's  detention  for  an  unpaid 
dollar  fine,  this  procedure  being  in  conformity  with  the  methods  of  the  American 
police  courts,  and  practically  also  with  the  municipal  laws  of  Habana,  though  by  a 
less  roundabout  and  dilatory  process. 

The  procedures  have  proved  to  answer  their  purpose  admirably,  and  are  recog- 
nized as  both  advantageous  and  effective;  so  much  so  that  it  has  been  uiiged  to  make 
the  practice  a  general  and  permanent  one  in  the  disposition  of  poli<«  cases. 

Certain  criticisms  have  come  from  two  sources,  viz:  Those  who  for  personal 
reasons  objected  to  the  enforcement  of  penalties  for  infractions  of  municipal  laws, 
and  from  certain  professional  sources  which  found  their  fees  diminished  by  the 
prompt  and  equitable  disposition  of  police  cases.  These  contentions,  however,  repre- 
sent personal  and  pecuniary  interests  only,  and  are  opposed  to  the  public  interests, 
which  call  for  prompt  action  in  police  cases. 

I  therefore  commend  to  the  consideration  of  the  division  commander  the  drafting 
of  a  decree  which  shall  provide  formally  for  the  establishment  of  police  courts  in 
•  Habana  or  elsewhere,  in  such  numbers  and  with  such  stipulations  as  shall  be  con- 
sidered expedient  for  the  summary  and  effective  disposal  of  police  arrests,  substan- 
tially as  now  practiced  in  the  United  States. 

While  the  action  taken  by  General  Ludlow  does  not  appear  to  have 
received  the  formal  approval  of  General  Brooke,  the  court  Was  con- 
tinued as  organized,  and  under  the  administration  of  Maj.  W.  L. 
Pitcher,  Eighth  Infantry,  who  succeeded  Major  Evans  a.s  supervisor 
of  police,  has  proved  of  inestimable  value  in  restraining  and  punishing 
the  disordorly  element  in  Habana.  Recognizing  its  value,  General 
Wood,  on  April  10,  formally  continued  it  in  a  decree  of  that  date,  and 
gave  it  jurisdiction  over  all  offenses  known  as  yoZ^a*  (light  crimes), 
and  all  minor  breaches  of  the  peace;  the  trial  and  punishment  of 
authoi's  and  publishers  of  all  immoral  or  obscene  literature,  or  false, 
malicious,  or  scandalous  statements,  whether  printed  or  oral,  tending 
to  injure  reputation  or  the  professional,  oflScial,  or  private  standing 
in  the  community;  the  punishments  to  be  imposed  not  to  exceed  $30 
fine  or  thirty  days  in  jail,  or  both,  and  the  court  to  have  authority  to 
issue  warrants,  search  warrants,  and  subpoenas;  the  trials  to  be  oral 
and  summary. 

By  a  decree  of  April  14,  the  organization  of  the  police  court  was 
modified  so  that  all  trials  except  for  libel  and  scandal  are  conducted  by 
a  single  presiding  judge  designated  by  the  military  governor,  arid  all 
other  trials,  when  from  the  nature  of  the  offense  a  greater  penalty 
than  $10  fine  and  ten  days'  imprisonment  should  be  imposed,  are  con- 
ducted by  the  full  court,  consisting  of  the  presiding  judge  and  two 
associate  judges  selected  by  lot  from  the  municipal  judges  of  Habana. 

This  system  of  police  courts  has  been  applied  recently  to  the  whole 


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POPULATION.  61 

island,  and  is  said  to  be  a  great  improvement  over  the  niagistmte's 
courts,  which  have  been  suppressed  in  all  but  the  chief  towns  of  muni- 
cipal districts.     The  municipal  and  police  judges  are  now  elected. 

In  addition  to  the  establishment  of  these  courts,  other  changes  have 
been  made  and  more  are  contemplated,  having  in  view  an  administra- 
tion of  the  courts  more  in  accordance  with  American  ideas  of  justice 
than  those  prevailing  in  Cuba'  heretofore.  The  main  difficulty  in  the 
way  is  the  Spanish  law  of  procedure  and  the  entire  absence  of  remedial 
writs,  which,  like  the  writs  of  habeas  conrm^  certiorari^  etc.,  are  relied 
on  in  this  country  as  a  protection  to  personal  liberty  and  against 
various  kinds  of  injustice.  These  beneficent  changes  will  no  doubt 
follow  if  they  do  not  precede  the  establishment  of  free  government, 
toward  which  steady  progress  is  being  made. 

Population. 


FORM   op  schedule   AND   METHOD  OF  TABULATION. 

If  the  population  schedule  adopted  for  the  Cuban  census  be  com- 
pared with  the  schedule  of  the  Eleventh  Census  of  the  United  States, 
it  will  be  found  that,  while  in  general  design  they  are  the  same,  they 
diflFer  in  respect  to  the  number  of  inquiries,  and  that  the  latter  is  the 
more  comprehensive  of  the  two.  This  is  quite  natural,  and  results 
from  the  complex  and  diverse  condition  of  the  population  of  the  United 
States,  in  which  a  more  extensive  investigation  is  necessary  to  deter- 
mine the  state  of  the  population  than  in  Cuba,  where  the  industries 
of  the  people  are  quite  limited  and  a  very  large  majority  of  the  popu- 
lation is  native. 


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62 


REPOBT  ON  THE   ClUrSUS   OP  CUBA,  1899. 


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POPULATION. 


63 


To  present  the  informHtion  contained  in  the  schedules  in  a  natisfactory 
way,  it  was  decided  that  complicated  tables  would  be  necessary;  that 
to  save  time,  which  was  important,  the  tabulation  should  be  done  by 
machine,  and  not  by  the  old  hand-tally  system. 

As  the  electric  tabulating  machines,  invented  by  Mr.  Herman  Hol- 
lerith, had  been  successfully  used  in  tabulating  the  Eleventh  Census 
of  the  United  States,  and  were  to  be  used  again  in  the  Twelfth,  and  as 
his  system  wa^  known  to  be  accurate  and  expeditious,  it  was  adopted. 
The  opei*ation  is  described  by  Mr.  Hollerith  as  follows: 

"  The  population  of  ea^jh  enumeration  district  was  first  established 
by  a  so-called  '  rough  count;'  that  is,  the  number  of  pereons  recorded 
on  each  schedule  were  counted  by  two  clerks  independent  of  each  other, 
and  where  such  counts  disagreed,  a  third,  or  even  a  fourth,  count  was 
made  to  determine  the  correct  population  of  each  enumeration  district. 

""The  detailed  tables  were  then  prepared  by  means  of  the  electric  tab- 
ulating system.  For  this  purpose  all  the  necessary  data  relating  to 
each  person  were  expressed  by  means  of  holes  punched  in  certain  places 
in  a  card  by  means  of  the  key-board  punch. 


PaUem 

of  the  card. 

12    3 

4 

X 

X 

1 

2 

B 

V 

0     12    3 

s 

Cu   Cii    It    Af 

5    6    7 

8 

Dw 
B 

J 

3 
5 
7 
0 

4 

6 
8 
10 

N 

M 

Ch 

H 

4    6   10  15 

c 
III 

V 
Vn 

PR  Ebp    Pt  Ast 
WI  lug  8u  Ch 
SA    Ir    Nr  Jp 
CA    8c     Dl  OC 

F^p 
Cu 

8lM 

1    2    3 
5    6    7 

4 

8 

1 
3 
5 

18 

20  21  25  30 

2 
4 

35     40  46  50  56 
60     65  70  75  80 

1     2    3 

i 

— 

5    6    7 

8 

6 

7 

11 

16 
21 

In 

86     90  95100UU 

Mx  Al    OE 
EU    Fr            ♦ 

Ex 
Uu 

12    3 

4 

K      a 

5    6    7 

8 

Po 
Ac 

X 

b 

5  0  '  15    10      5     NG 

1 

L     F       A 
UGH 

1    2    3 

4 

I'o 

Mu 

SI 

SN 

SS 

c     6  1     16    11      6       1 

5    6    7 

8 

In 
Nl 

Pt 
8q 

Alj 
R 

No 

0      NN 
4        2 

a     7  2  1 17    12      7       2 
e     8  3  1 18    13      8       3 

N    H      C 
O     I        1> 

12    3 

4 

5    6    7 

8 

X 

X 

X 

8        6 

19  4*     14      9       4 

1         ! 

P     K       E 

''If  the  record  related  to  a  white  pei^son,  B — standing  for  bianco 
(white) — was  punched,  while  N  was  punched  for  a  negro,  or  M  for 
mixed,  Ch  for  Chinese,  etc.  For  males,  V  was  punched,  and  H  for 
females.  The  age  was  recorded  by  punching  0  for  less  than  1  year,  1, 
2,  3,  or  4  for  the  respective  years,  5  for  the  group  5-9,  etc.     Conjugal 


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64  BEPOBT  OK  THE   CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

condition  was  recorded  in  the  next  field  or  division  of  the  card.  Birth- 
place was  recorded  by  punching  in  another  division  of  the  card,  Cu 
for  Cuba,  P.  R.  for  Porto  Rico,  Esp.  for  Spain,  It  for  Italy,  OC  for 
other  countries,  etc;  Citizenship  was  similarly  recorded.  For  each 
occupation,  two  holes  were  punched  according  to  the  number  assigned 
to  the  given  occupation  in  the  corresponding  classification  of  occupa- 
tion, NG  being  punched  for  those  without  gainful  occupation.  Liter- 
acy, school  attendance,  education,  and  the  sanitary  condition  of  the 
dwellings,  size  of  families,  etc.,  were  similarly  recorded  by  punching 
in  the  respective  divisions  of  the  card.  • 

"At  the  extreme  left  a  space  of  four  rows  of  twelve  holes  was  used 
to  record  the  province,  municipal  and  enumeration  district  to  which 
the  card  related.  This  conibination  of  holes  would,  of  course,  be  the 
same  for  all  the  cards  of  a  given  district,  and  was  done  by  means  of 
the  ''gang  punch." 

''In  addition,  each  card  was  provided  with  a  double  number,  one 
number  indicating  the  sheet  of  the  particular  enumeration  district  on 
which  the  record  of  the  corresponding  person  could  be  found,  and  the 
other  indicating  the  particular  line  or  person  to  which  the  card  related. 
By  means  of  the  gang-punched  holes  and  these  number's  any  one  of 
the  million  and  a  half  cards  corresponding  to  the  population  of  Cuba 
could  be  identified  and  the  correctness  of  the  punching  verified. 

'^The  punched  cards  were  then  passed  through  the  electric  tabulating 
machines.  In  this  machine  a  series  of  electro-magnetically  operated 
counters  are  arranged,  according  to  the  tables  it  is  desired  to  com- 
pile, in  electric  connection  with  a  circuit-closing  device,  the  circuits 
through  which  are  controlled  by  the  holes  in  the  punched  i^ecord  card, 
which  is  placed  on  the  bedplate  of  such  circuit-closing  device. 

"The  cards  relating  to  a  given  enumeration  district  were  fed  one  by 
one  into  the  tabulating  machine,  which  recorded  the  number  of  native 
white  males,  foreign  white  males,  colored  males,  native  white  females, 
the  number  born  in  Cuba,  in  Spain,  how  many  less  than  5  years  of 
age,  5  to  9  years  of  age,  etc.  The  sum  of  the  details  of  each  group 
of  facts  should  equal  the  total  number  of  cards  tabulated,  and,  of* 
course,  should  be  equal  to  the  population  of  the  enumeration  district 
as  established  by  the  rough  count,  thus  providing  a  third  check  on  the 
accuracy  of  the  count. 

"At  the  same  time  that  a  card  operates  the  counters  it  opens  one 
compartment  of  the  sorting  box,  into  which  it  is  placed  when  removed 
from  the  circuit-closing  device.  The  object  of  such  sorting  is  to 
ari-ange  the  cards  to  facilitate  subsequent  tabulation  by  means  of 
which  the  more  detailed  tables  were  obtained. 

"  By  thus  tabulating  first  one  group  of  data  and  then  another  with 
intermediate  sorting  or  arranging  of  the  cards  the  various  tables  were 
obtained." 


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ABORIGINAL   POPULAIION.  65 

The  tabulation  of  the  population  was  commenced  February  2  and 
completed  July  5,  an  unparalleled  record  of  speedy  work.  Its  celerity 
18  fully  equaled  by  its  accuracy,  as  the  application  of  numerous  tests 
has  shown. 

ABORIGINAL   POPULATION. 

The  population  of  Cuba  at  the  date  of  its  discovery  has  been  vari- 
ously estimated  at  between  200,000  and  1,000,000  Indians.  The  latter 
is  the  estimate  of  Bishop  Las  Casas,  who  visited  their  villages  and  was 
always  their  friend  and  protector. 

The  natives  were  found  living  contentedly  under  nine  independent 
chiefs,  whose  government  was  of  the  simplest  character,  their  orders 
being  received  as  law.  The  natives  are  described  by  Columbus,  Las 
Casas,  and  Peter  Martyr  as  of  a  gentle  and  friendly  disposition,  having 
a  simple  religious  belief,  and,  unlike  the  natives  of  some  other  West 
India  Islands,  not  addicted  to  cannibalism.  In  physique  they  wei"e 
rather  slight,  with  pleasant  faces;  they  had  excellent  nets,  fishhooks, 
and  fishing  tackle,  and  lived  mainly  on  fish,  Indian  com,  and  fruit 
Their  huts  were  well  built,  and  were  made  of  the  bark  and  leaves  of 
the  palm,  as  those  of  poor  Cubans  now  are;  they  were  not  arranged 
in  village  streets,  but  scattered  about  irregularly,  very  nauch  as  shown 
in  the  picture  of  the  village  of  Dimas,  Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio, 
opposite  page  68. 

They  cultivated  cotton,  Indian  cora,  the  potato,  tobacco,  the  pine- 
apple, and  manioc,  all  of  which  were  indigenous,  and  had  a  rude  potteiy 
and  some  stone  weapons,  but  no  domesticated  animals  except  the  dog. 
Other  domestic  animals,  as  also  the  orange,  the  lemon,  and  the  sugar 
cane,  were  introduced  afterwards  by  the  Spaniards. 

The  disappearance  of  the  Indians,  whatever  their  number,  has  been 
attributed  to  the  combats  and  massacres  which  occurred  during  the 
exploration  and  pacification  of  the  island  by  Velasquez,  and  thereafter 
to  unaccustomed  occupations,  privations,  disease,  executions  resulting 
from  religious  fanaticism,  and  slavery,  both  foreign  and  domestic.  In 
the  colonies  the  latter  took  the  form  of  repartimientos  and  encoTnienda^^^ 
which,  commencing  with  grants  of  land  and  the  temporary  possession 
of  the  Indians  for  work  on  the  plantations  and  in  the  mines,  ended 
finally  in  the  slavery  of  the  entire  native  population. 

For  a  full  description  of  Indian  slavery  under  this  system,  and  its 
eflfect  on  the  population,  the   reader  is  referred  to  the  history  of 

'A  repartimento  was  a  grant  of  land,  which  carried  with  it  the  right  to  the  labor  of 
the  Indians  occupying  it  or  living  within  a  short  distance  of  it,  at  first  for  cultivating 
the  soil.  This  privilege  was  subsequently  extended  so  that  the  Indians  could  be  used 
in  any  kind  of  labor. 

An  encontienda  was  practically  a  grant  of  Indians,  irrespective  of  the  land.  At 
first  the  grant  expired  with  the  grantee.  It  was  subsequently  extended  through  two 
or  three  lives,  and  in  effect,  became  perpetual.  As  a  result  the  Indians  were  slaves. 
24662 5 


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66  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

"Spanish  Conquest  in  America,"  by  Sir  Arthur  Helps,  the  '"History 
of  the  Indies,"  by  Las  Casas,  and  to  the  "Discovery  of  America,"  by 
Prof.  John  Fiske.  These  authorities  agree  in  ascribing  the  disappear- 
ance of  the  Indians  largely  to  the  profligate  waste  of  native  life  by  the 
colonists  through  all  forms  of  wanton  cruelty,  oppression,  and  neglect, 
and  the  introduction  of  negro  slavery  as  the  direct  consequence  of  it. 

It  is  due  the  Spanish  Government  to  record  the  fact  that  while  at 
first  authorizing  repartimientm^  encomiendas^  and  the  enslavement  of 
all  Indians  who  were  cannibals  or  taken  in  war,  it  later  spared  no 
efforts  to  mitigate  the  horrors  of  Indian  slavery,  and  finally  to  pre- 
vent and  abolish  it.  These  measures  were  initiated  and  earnestly  sup- 
ported by  the  Dominican  and  Franciscan  monks  and  by  the  church  in 
general.  Through  the  efforts  of  Bishop  Las  Casas  and  other  prelates 
the  laws  of  Burgos  in  1512,  and  many  orders  and  decrees  were  pro- 
mulgated between  the  landing  of  Velasquez  and  the  '"  New  Laws"  of 
Charles  V,  1542,  for  the  protection  of  the  Indians.  The  latter  pre- 
scribed '^  that  for  no  cause  whatever,  whether  of  wai*,  rebellion,  ran- 
som, or  in  any  other  manner,  should  any  Indian  be  made  a  slave." 

But  however  well  intended,  these  measures  proved  of  little  avail  in 
saving  the  Indians  of  Cuba,  as  at  that  time  very  few  remained.  It 
was  reported  to  the  Queen  in  1537  by  the  contador  of  the  island  that 
in  20  farms  visited  by  him  only  130  Indians  were  found,  including 
those  which  had  been  imported.  In  the  neighboring  island  of  San 
Domingo  at  the  date  of  its  discovery  there  were,  according  to  Las 
Casas,  about  3,000,000  Indians;  according  to  the  licentiate,  Zuazo, 
1,130,000.  An  average  of  these  two  estimates  is  probably  more  exact 
When  the  treasurer,  Pasamonte,  came  to  San  Domingo  in  1508  there 
were  70,000,  and  when  Don  Diego  Columbus  was  appointed  governor 
of  San  Domingo  in  1509,  40,000.  According  to  Sir  Arthur  Helps  the 
number  of  Indians  in  San  Domingo  in  1514,  as  determined  by  a  repar- 
tition of  the  Indians  made  by  Rodrigo  Albuquerque,  who  was  sent 
there  by  the  King  for  that  purpose,  was  between  thirteen  and  four- 
teen thousand.  By  this  repartition  the  Indians  were  practically 
enslaved  for  life,  as  they  were  given  for  the  life  of  the  person  to 
whom  Albuquerque  made  the  repa/rtimiento^  and  for  the  life  of  his 
next  heir,  whether  son  or  daughter.  After  this  there  were  numbers 
of  repartitions  or  divisions  of  Indians  among  the  Spaniards,  resulting 
in  their  rapid  diminution,  owing  to  changes  of  climate,  changes  of 
occupation,  and  of  masters,  and  the  indifference  of  the  latter  to  the 
welfare  of  the  Indians. 

The  difficulty  about  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  and  royal  instruc- 
tions and  orders  for  the  freedom  and  protection  of  the  Indians  appears 
to  have  l>een  their  vague  or  ambiguous  meaning,  which  enabled 
unprincipled  and  rapacious  officials  to  construe  them  as  they  wished, 
and  the  fact  that  the  Crown  and  nearly  all  the  officials  of  the  govern 


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OOLOBJED   POPUI.ATION.  67 

ment,  colomsl  and  peninsular,  held  repartimientoa  or  encomiendan  of 
Indians  or  held  them  for  personal  services.  The  new  laws  had  in 
view  the  prevention  of  Indian  slavery,  but  they  were  partially  revoked 
in  1545,  and  ericomiendm  were  continued  in  the  islands  until  the 
Indians  had  disappeared,  and  on  the  Sx)8Bish  msin  until  the  reign  of 
Charles  III,  when  the  system  was  abolished,  1759^-1788* 

Under  the  royal  decree  of  1854  promulgating  regulations  for  the 
importation  of  "colonists"  into  Cuba,  a  number  of  native  Yucatan 
Indians  were  brought  to  Cuba,  and  some  of  them  no  doubt  married 
Cuban  women.  At  all  events,  one  Indian  woman  is  reported  by  the 
enumerator  of  the  Zapata  Swamp  as  living  with  a  colored  Cuban. 
There  are  doubtless  remnants  of  these  Indians  stiil  in  Cuba,  but  of 
the  native  Cuban  Indians  no  traces  have  been  found  in  the  course  of 
this  census,  and  it  is  not  probable  that  any  exist. 

BLACK   POPULATION. 

The  importation  of  negro  slaves  into  the  West  Indies  commenced 
some  years  before  the  extinction  of  the  Indians  and  was  stimulated  by  it. 
In  a  letter  of  instructions  from  the  King  to  Ovando,  Governor  of  Santo 
Domingo,  in  1501,  Jews,  Moors,  and  new  converts  were  prohibited 
from  going  to  the  Indies;  but  an  exception  was  made  in  the  case  of 
negro  slaves,  who  were  allowed  to  pass,  the  officers  of  the  royal  reve- 
nue to  receive  the  money  paid  for  their  permits. 

Again,  in  1505,  in  a  letter  to  Ovando,  King  Ferdinand  wrote:  ''I 
will  send  more  negra  slaves,  as  you  request.  I  think  there  may  be 
100  at  each  time."  The  Spaniards  were  familiar  with  negro  slavery, 
the  slave  trade  having  been  carried  on  by  Portugal  since  1442.  They 
had  discovered  the  capacity  of  the  negro  for  work,  his  patience  and 
endurance,  and  his  superiority  to  the  West  Indian  as  a  laborer  in  the 
mines  and  fields. 

The  first  license  to  import  negroes  into  the  West  Indies  was  gi\'^n 
by  Charles  V  in  1517  to  Governor  de  Bresa,  grand  master  of  the  King's 
household,  for  the  importation  of  8,000  slaves  in  eight  years,  1,000  to 
go  to  Cuba.  A  second  monopoly  on  the  same  terms  and  for  the  same 
number  was  given  him  in  1523,  but  this  grant  was  revoked  and  a  license 
given  to  import  750  men  and  750  women,  300  to  ga  to  Cuba.  In  1527 
1,000  negroes  were  imported  into  Cuba,  and  again  in  1528  a  license  was 
given  to  import  4,000  negroes  into  the  Indies. 

In  1536  a  monopoly  was  granted  to  import  into  the  Indies  4,000 
mates  and  1,000  females,  and  again  in  1542  one  for  23,000,  a  portion 
of  each  to  go  to  Cuba,  Jamaica,  and  Santo  Domingo.  The  annual 
importation  into  Santo  Domingo  under  license  was  about  2,000,  and  the 
same  number  were  smuggled.  It  was  estimated  by  one  of  the  King's 
chaplains, who  traversed  the  island  of  Santo  Domingo  in  1542,  that  there 
were  30,000  negro  slaves  in  the  island.     As  up  to  the  year  1763  the 


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B8  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  181)9. 

people  wei'e  eiigagod  almoHt  exclusively  in  cattle  raising,  very  few 
slaves  were  imported  prior  to  that  date,  at  which  time  it  is  said  there 
were  not  more  than  32,000  slaves  in  the  island. 

The  number  of  slaves  imported  between  1521  and  1763  is  estimated 
by  Humboldt  at  60,000,  and  by  1790  at  90,876.  From  1790  to  1820 
the  importation  of  slaves  into  Habana,  as  shown  by  the  returns  of  the 
custom-house,  was  225,575,  to  which  should  be  added  one-fourth  for 
those  smuggled,  making  the  total  importation  from  1521  to  1820, 
372,449.  Between  this  date  and  1853  it  is  estimated  that  there  were 
271,659  importations,  lawful  and  contraband,  a  total  of  644,108,  about 
one-thii"d  being  females. 

From  1853  to  1880,  when  the  slave  trade  was  finally  suppressed,  over 
200,000  slaves  were  smuggled  into  the  island,  making  a  grand  total  of 
between  95(K0(X)  and  1,000,000. 

It  is  not  proposed  to  give  a  detailed  account  of  the  Cuban  slave  trade 
or  of  negro  slavery  in  the  island.  While  it  was  fraught  with  all  the 
horrors  of  this  nefarious  business  elsewhere,  the  laws  for  the  protec- 
tion of  slaves  were  unusually  humane.  Almost  fix)m  the  beginning 
slaves  had  a  right  to  purchase  their  freedom  or  change  their  masters, 
and  long  before  slavery  was  abolished  the}'^  could  own  property  and 
contract  marriage.  As  a  result  the  proportion  of  free  colored  to  slaves 
has  always  been  large.  Of  the  eflForts  to  abolish  the  slave  trade  in 
Cuba  much  might  be  written;  it  is  sufficient  for  this  report  to  state 
the  principal  facts. 

By  the  treaty  of  Vienna,  1815,  to  which  Spain  was  a  party,  slavery 
was  abolished.  By  a  treaty  with  England  signed  September  24,  1817, 
Spain  agreed  to  stop  the  slave  trade  May  30,  1820,  in  consideration  of 
the  sum  of  £400,000.  Again,  on  June  28,  1835,  another  treaty  was 
made  with  England  abolishing  the  slave  trade.  In  addition  to  these 
treaties  the  Spanish  Government  promulgated  several  decrees  and  laws 
after  1835  for  the  suppression  of  the  slave  trade  and  the  abolition  of 
slavery.  Despite  these  measures,  however,  and  the  active  cooperation 
of  the  native  Cubans,  who  were  zealously  opposed  to  the  slave  trade, 
and  the  repeated  protests  of  the  British  Government,  it  continued  to 
1880  with  but  little  interruption.  The  correspondence  between  Eng- 
land and  Spain  fully  explains  the  failure  of  Spain  to  enforce  her  laws 
and  treaty  engagements. 

Under  what  is  now  known  as  the  Moret  law,  enacted  by  the  Spanish 
Cortes  July  4,  1870,  the  gradual  abolition  of  slavery  was  commenced. 
The  civil  war  in  the  United  States  and  the  Cuban  insurrection  of 
1868-78  hastened  it,  as  did  the  law  of  February  13,  1880,  which  abol- 
ished slavery.  Nevertheless,  it  continued  in  remote  j^arts  of  the  island 
for  several  years  thereafter,  although  generally  abolished  by  the  year 
1887. 

Further  on  in  this  report  the  number  and  literacy,  age,  sex,  and 


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CHINESE.  69 

occupation  of  the  colored  population  and  the  provinces  in  which  they 
are  most  numerous  are  stated.  Their  condition  for  many  yeai-s  has 
been  far  l>etter  than  the  colored  population  of  our  Southern  States  or 
of  any  of  the  West  India  Islands  under  foreign  control,  and  their  per- 
sonal privileges  much  greater.  No  hard  and  fast  "color  line"  has 
separated  the  colored  and  white  Cuban  population,  although  outside 
of  the  Cuban  army  there  has  not  been  much  of  what  may  be  called 
social  intercourse;  but  in  respect  to  all  public  benefits,  whether  eccle- 
siastical, civil,  or  military,  they  have  had  about  the  same  consideration 
from  the  Spanish  Government  as  the  white. Cubans. 

No  doubt  the  free  association  of  colored  and  white  Cubans  resulted 
largely  from  the  couunon  struggle  in  which  they  were  engaged  against 
Spain,  and  the  fact  that  the  laws  made  no  discrimination  between 
them.  Colored  men  made  up  a  large  proportion  of  the  Cuban  army 
of  1895-98,  some  of  them,  like  Antonio  Maceo,  holding  high  rank. 

While  the  statistics  of  Cuba  show  a  larger  proportion  of  colored 
than  white  criminals,  the  colored  population  are  in  some  respects 
superior  to  the  colored  population  of  our  Southern  States,  being  more 
self-reliant,  temperate,  frugal,  and  intelligent,  and  since  the  abolition 
of  slavery  showing  a  strong  desire  to  own  their  homes,  to  educate  their 
children,  and  to  improve  their  condition.  In  certain  kinds  of  agricul- 
ture they  are  preferred  to  any  other  race,  and  in  every  discussion  of 
the  labor  question  in  Cuba  they  must  be  seriously  considered. 

CHINESE. 

While  the  number  of  Chinese  in  the  island  is  now  insignificant  and 
they  have  ceased  to  attract  much  attention  as  a  separate  race,  a  short 
account  of  their  appearance,  increase,  and  disappearance  may  be  not 
without  interest. 

When  the  law  of  1845  suppressing  the  slave  trade  was  promulgated, 
the  ^^  Junta  de  Fomento^^'^  or  official  board  of  agriculture  in  Habana, 
decided  to  send  an  agent  to  China  to  contract  for  Chinese  "colonists" 
(coolies).  The  first  shipload  of  male  Chinese  arrived  in  1847,  under 
contract.  This  contract  bound  the  Chinese  to  service  for  a  temi  of 
eight  years.  In  consideration  they  were  to  receive  from  20  to  30 
cents  j9^  diem^  \\  pounds  of  salted  or  jerked  l^eef,  and  \\  pounds  of 
potatoes  or  other  farinaceous  food,  and  two  cotton  suits  annually. 
Each  was  to  be  furnished  with  a  blanket  and  medical  attendance. 

For  several  years  the  trade  in  Chinese  languished;  28  per  cent  of 
the  first  cargo  died  from  the  effects  of  the  voyage,  change  of  climate, 
food,  and  excessive  labor,  and  some  committed  suicide  in  the  belief 
that  after  death  they  would  be  miraculously  returned  to  their  homes 
in  China.  The  experiment  of  Chinese  immigration  had  apparently 
failed,  but  in  1853  it  was  revived  by  the  importation  of  5,150  Chinese, 
of  whom  843,  or  19  per  c«nt,  died  eii  route. 


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70  REPORT   ON    THE   0KN8UB   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

On  Mwch  ii2,  1854,  a  ix)yal  decree  was  issued  promulgating  regula- 
tions  for  the  impoHation  and  management  of  "colonists''  from  Spain, 
China,  and  Yucatan.  But  as  pointed  out  by  Lord  Howden,  English 
minister  to  Spain,  in  a  letter  of  October  6,  1854,  to  Seflor  Peeheco, 
Spanish  minister  of  foreign  aflfairs,  contracts  under  this  decree  meant 
slavery  for  the  Chinese  as  the  period  of  service  was  not  mentioned. 

On  June  6, 1860,  another  myal  decree  regulating  the  importation  of 
Chinese  was  promulgated,  and  while  it  was  evidently  designed  to  pro- 
tect the  Chinese  against  personal  abuse,  privation,  or  cruelty.  Para- 
graph VII  made  them  apprentices,  or  what  was  the  sanoe  thing,  slaves, 
as  long  as  they  remained  in  the  island  unless  they  were  able  to  ransom 
tbemselvei^,  and  this,  under  the  conditions  imposed,  was  pi'actically 
impossible. 

On  October  10,  1864,  a  treaty  between  Chitia  and  Spain  regulatinff 
emigration  l)etween  the  two  countries,  as  well  as  the  reciprocal  employ- 
ment of  the  subjects  of  one  state  by  those  of  another  was  signed  at 
Tientsin.  Articles  IV  and  X  of  this  treaty  permitted  Chinese  witli 
their  families  to  embark  from  any  open  port  of  China,  whei^eas,  prior 
to  this  time  embarkation  was  restricted  to  the  port  of  Macao.  AH 
Chinese  were  landed  in  Habana. 

The  conti'acts  to  be  made  under  this  treaty  wei'e  to  include  the 
following  items: 

1.  The  age,  sex,  and  place  of  birth  of  the  colonist. 

2.  The  time  for  which  the  contract  is  to  be  in  force. 

3.  The  wages,  kind,  quantity  and  quality  of  food  and  clothing  he  is  to  receive. 

4.  The  obligation  to  afford  him  medical  attendance  during  illneae. 

5.  Whether  the  wages  were  to  be  stopped  during  the  illness  of  the  colonist  from 
any  clause  not  connected  with  his  work,  or  independent  of  the  will  of  the  master. 

6.  The  hours  of  work  and  whether  the  master  can  increase  them  if  a  proportionate 
reduction  were  to  be  made  on  other  days. 

7.  The  obligation  of  the  colonist  to  indemnify  the  master  for  hours  of  labor  lost  to 
him  by  the  fault  of  the  colonist 

8.  The  obligation  of  the  same  colonist  to  subject  himsdf  to  the  discipline  of  the 
estate,  workshop,  or  establishment  in  which  he  might  labor. 

9.  A  clause  in  these  terms,  "I,  A.  B.,  assent  to  the  rate  of  wages  above  stipulated, 
although  I  know  that  the  free  laborers  and  slaves  of  the  island  get  much  greater, 
because  1  consider  this  difference  to  be  compensated  by  the  other  advantages  which 
my  master  has  to  afford  me  as  stated  in  this  contract" 

10.  The  signature  of  the  colonist,  if  he  can  write,  and  that  of  the  contractor. 

The  treaty  contained  many  other  provisions,  and  among  them  the 
right  of  the  colonist  to  purchase  his  discharge,  or,  in  short,  to  ransom 
himself.  Of  course  it  was  not  contemplated  that  undei*  this  treaty 
Chinese  contractoi-s  would  import  Cubans  into  China,  and  therefore 
die  terms  of  the  contract  were  all  in  favor  of  the  master  as  against 
the  apprentice.  For  example,  the  terms  specifying  the  houi"s  of  labor, 
etc.,  placed  the  latter  absolutely  in  the  power  of  the  contractor,  who,  as 
he  kept  the  records,  could  easily  bring  the  Chinaman  so  irretrievably 


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CHINESE.  71 

into  his  debt  for  time  lost  that  his  freedom  by  purchase,  or  even  after 
the  expiration  of  the  original  term,  was  improbable  if  not  impossible. 

As  many  of  the  Chinese  had  become  fugitives,  instmctions  for  a 
general  enrollment  of  Chinese  were  issued  December  31,  1868,  and 
again  December  13,  1871.  By  a  royal  decree  of  1870  Chinese  who 
had  been  discharged  after  fulfilling  the  terms  of  their  conti*act  were 
permitted  to  remain  in  the  ialaod,  whereas  prior  to  this  they  were 
obliged  to  leave  or  be  reindentured. 

Between  1853  and  1873  there  were  shipped  from  China  to  Cuba 
132,435  Chinese,  of  whom  3,973 — 13  pei*  cent — died  en  route  or  shortly 
after  their  arrival.  These  losses,  the  large  number  of  fugitives,  the 
willingness  of  free  negroes  to  work,  the  inunigration  of  other  coolies, 
the  continuation  of  the  slave  trade,  which  appeared  to  tkrive  notwith- 
standing the  attempts  to  stop  it,  seem  to  have  put  a  stop  to  the  impor- 
tation of  Chinese,  which  cetfsed  in  1873. 

By  a  convention  between  China  and  Spain,  signed  at  Pekln  Novem- 
ber 17,  1877,  the  emigration  of  Chinese  subjects  under  contract  as 
authorized  in  Article  X  of  the  treaty  of  1864  was  discontinued,  and 
the  emigration  of  Chinese  into  Cuba  or  elsewhere  was  declared  free, 
Chinese  subjects  in  Cuba  to  be  treated  as  the  subjects  of  the  most 
favored  nation,  thus  permitting  them  to  leave  the  island  unless  under 
judicial  supervision.  It  was  also  agreed  on  the  part  of  Spain  to  expa- 
triate at  its  own  expense  all  Chinese  who  formerly  had  literary  occu- 
pation or  an  official  position  in  China,  and  their  families,  also  old  men 
unable  to  work,  and  Chinese  orphan  girls. 

Owing  to  the  large  percentage  of  criminals  among  the  Chinese,  a 
decree  was  issued  October  15,  1878,  by  the  captain-geneml  requiring 
all  Chinese  whose  contracts  had  been  terminated  to  either  recontract 
or  leave  the  island  within  two  months. 

By  the  census  of  1861  the  number  of  Chinese  is  stated  to  be  34,834, 
of  whom  57  were  women.  On  December  31, 1877  there  were  43,811, 
Whether  this  is  the  maximum  number  of  Chinese  in  the  island  at  any 
one  period  can  not  be  determined. 

Their  gi*adual  disappeamnce  has  been  attributed  to  many  causes, 
among  them  the  suppression  of  negro  slavery,  the  large  number  of 
free  black  and  colored  Cubans  willing  to  work,  and  their  superiority 
as  laborei's  over  the  Chinese,  the  low  wages  paid  them,  the  excessive 
labor  imposed  on  them,  and  the  frequent  insurrections  which  disturbed 
the  island.  Be  this  as  it  may,  Chinese  inunigration  had  pmctically 
ceased  in  1873,  and  the  few  who  now  remain  in  the  island  ai'e  mainly 
ok!  men,  employed  as  truck  gaitieners,  laundi-ymen,  or  day  laborers. 
The  small  number  of  women  as  compared  with  the  number  of  men 
resulted  probably  from  restrictions,  which  in  the  beginning  not  only 
prevented  women  from  leaving  China,  but  from  landing  in  Cuba. 


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72 


REPORT   ON    THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Discussion  of  the  Population. 


THE   total   population. 


The  total  population  of  Cuba,  including  the  Isle  of  Pines  and  the 
neighboring  keys,  was,  on  October  16,  1899,  1,572,797.* 

The  latest  prior  census  was  taken  under  Spanish  authority  in  1887. 
The  total  population  as  returned  by  that  census  was  1,631,687. 
Whether  that  census  was  correct  may  be  a  matter  of  discussion,  but  if 
incorrect,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  certainly  not  overstated. 

Comparing  the  total  population  of  these  two  censuses,  it  is  seen  that 
the  loss  in  the  twelve  years  intervening  amounted  to  58,895,  or  3.6  per 
cent  of  the  population  in  1887.  This  loss  is  attributable  to  the  recent 
civil  war  and  the  reconcentration  policy  accompanying  it,  but  the  fig- 
ures express  only  a  part  of  the  loss  from  this  cause.  Judging  from 
the  earlier  history  of  the  island  and  the  excess  of  births  over  deaths, 
as  shown  by  the  registration  records,  however  imperfect  they  may  be, 
the  population  probably  increased  from  1887  up  to  the  beginning  of 
the  war,  and  at  the  latter  epoch  reached  a  total  of  little  less  than 
1,800,000.  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that  the  direct  and  indirect 
losses  bv  the  war  and  the  reconcentration  policy,  including  a  decrease 
of  births  and  of  immigration  and  an  increase  of  deaths  and  of  emigm- 
tion,  reached  a  total  not  far  from  200^000. 

The  earliest  census  of  Cuba  of  which  there  is  record  was  taken  in 
1774.  Others  were  taken  in  1792,  1817,  1827,  1841,  1861,  1877,  and 
1887.  The  following  table  shows  the  population  at  each  of  these  suc- 
cessive censuses,  with  the  absolute  increase  in  intervening  periods  and 
the  average  rate  of  increase  per  decade: 


Year. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Increase. 

Rate  of 
increase 

per 
decade. 

Year. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Increase. 

Rate  of 
increase 

per 
decade. 

1776 

171,620 
272,800 
672.363 
704,486 

1841 

1,007.624 
1.396,630 
1,509,291 
1,631,687 

803.138 
888,906 
112.761 
122,396 

29 

1792 

100,680 
800.063 
182, 128 

si 

84 
23 

1861 

18 

1817 

1877 

5 

1827 

1887 

8 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  increase  between  1774  and  1792  was  at  the 
average  rate  of  31  per  cent  per  decade;  from  1792  to  1817,  twenty -five 
years,  the  rate  of  increase  was  34  per  cent  per  decade;  in  the  ten  years 

'  All  Htatemente  of  population  presented  in  this  volume  refer  to  the  organization  of 
the  island  as  it  existed  at  the  date  of  the  census,  October  16,  1899.  Many  changes 
have  been  made  since  that  date  in  the  number  and  limits  of  municipal  districts,  but 
it  would  be  obviously  impossible  to  modify  the  census  figures  to  accord  with  these 
changes.  Such  modifications  might  be  made  in  the  total  population,  but  it  woiild  be 
impossible  to  carry  them  through  the  classifications  of  the  population  by  sex,  age, 
race,  conjugal  condition,  nativity,  etc,  since  the  changes  have  been  made,  as  a 
rule,  by  using  the  ward  as  a  unit,  while  the  clarifications  of  the  population  have  not 
been  made  in  terms  of  this  small  unit. 


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DENSITY   OF  POPULATION.  73 

between  1817  and  1827  it  was  23  per  cent,  and  in  tlie  fourteen  years 
between  1827  and  1841  it  was  29  per  cent.  Then  from  1841  to  1861 
the  rate  of  increase  stood  at  18  per  cent  per  decade,  and  between  1861 
and  1887  it  dropped  to  5  and  8  per  cent.  The  small  rate  of  increase 
in  the  period  last  mentioned  was  doubtless  due  in  great  part  to  the 
ten  years'  war  which  occurred  within  this  period. 

The  rate  of  increase  between  1774  and  1841  compares  quite  favor- 
ably with  the  rates  of  increase  in  the  United  States,  which  prior  to 
1870  ranged  from  32  to  35  per  cent  per  decade.  Such  rates  of  increase 
are  very  large  and  are  commonly  found  only  in  regions  which  are 
sparsely  populated,  where  the  population  is  under  little  or  no  pressure 
for  obtaining  means  of  livelihood.  The  rapid  and  great  diminution  in 
the  rate  of  increase  after  1861  is,  however,  by  no  means  accounted  for 
by  the  increase  in  density  of  population,  and  the  reasons  therefor  must 
be  sought  for  among  the  extraordinary  causes,  such  as  pestilence, 
war,  etc. 

The  distribution  of  these  losses  in  population  between  1887  and  1899 
is  also  brought  out  by  the  following  statements:  In  the  province  of 
Habana  there  was  a  loss  in  28  districts  and  a  gain  in  but  8;  in  Matan- 
zas  a  loss  in  20  and  a  gain  in  3;  in  Pinar  del  Rio  17  districts  lost  popu- 
lation and  but  3  gained;  in  Santa  Clara  the  numbers  which  lost  and 
gained  were  equal,  while  in  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago  there  was  a 
gain  in  every  district. 

Sununing  up  the  districts  of  the  island,  79  lost  population,  while 
only  47  gained,  the  remaining  6  districts  being  new  ones,  formed  since 
1887,  and  here  included  in  those  from  which  they  were  formed.  These 
facts  are  set  forth  in  detail  in  Table  III. 

The  map  opposite  page  72  shows  the  increase  and  decrease  of  the 
population  of  Cuba  by  municipal  districts,  the  areas  colored  red  being 
those  in  which  the  population  has  suffered  a  loss  since  the  Spanish 
census  of  1887,  and  those  colored  blue  where  it  has  made  a  gain. 

It  is  seen  that  the  losses  are  confined  to  the  four  western  provinces, 
the  districts  of  the  two  eastern  provinces  having  without  exception 
gained  in  population.  The  districts  in  the  four  western  provinces 
which  have  gained  are  of  two  classes:  First,  those  in  which  the  recon- 
centrados  were  collected;  and,  second,  those  remote  districts  from 
which  there  was  little  or  no  reconcentration,  and  into  which  presum- 
ably the  people  fled  for  refuge.  This  is  the  case  with  the  districts  in 
the  western  part  of  Pinar  del  Rio  and  along  the  south  shore,  including 
the  great  Zapata  Swamp.  The  north  shore  of  Santa  Clara,  too,  is  in 
the  main  a  region  in  which  the  population  has  increased. 

DENSITY  OF  POPULATION. 

The  area  of  Cuba  is  and  can  be  known  only  approximately  because 
its  limits  have  never  been  mapped  with  any  approach  to  accuracy. 
Measurements  based  upon  different  maps  show  wide  variations  in  the 


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74  BEPOKT   UK   THE   OKKSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 

area  of  the  Island  and  its  proyinoes.     To  illustrate  the  differences  in 
published  areas  of  the  island  the  following  are  given: 

SqnAie  miles. 

Johnson's  Encyclopedia 43, 220 

Lippincott*8  Gazetteer 43, 319 

Oiambera's  Encyclopedia 40, 000 

Appleton's  Encyclopedia 43, 319 

Reclua , 45,883 

Cuba,  Past  and  Present 35,000 

Cuba,  by  Wm.  J.  Clark 43, 500  to  47, 000 

Stanford's  Compendium  of  Geography  and  Travel 43, 000 

Our  Island  Empire,  Morris 48, 447 

The  Island  of  Cuba,  Bowan  A  Ramsay 45,000 

Industrial  Cuba,  Porter 47,338 

Measurements  made  in  this  office  from  different  maps  show  similar 
differences.  Measurements  made  from  Chart  E,  United  States  Coast 
and  Geodetic  Survey,  give  for  Cuba  and  the  Isle  of  Pines  40,575 
square  miles;  the  chart  published  by  the  Hydrographic  Office  in  1896 
gives  45,883  square  miles;  the  map  of  the  Information  Division  of  the 
War  Department,  scale,  1 :  500,000,  gives  44,000  square  miles.  Assum- 
ing this  to  be  as  good  a  map  as  we  have,  whei*e  all  are  poor,  the  areas 
of  the  provinces,  of  the  municipal  districts,  and  of  many  of  the  barrios 
or  wards  have  been  measured  upon  it,  the  lines  of  the  districts  and 
wards  having  been  laid  down  by  the  supervisors  of  census.  The 
areas  of  the  provinces  are  as  follows,  with  the  total  population  and 
the  number  of  inhabitants  per  square  mile: 


1 

Province. 

Area. 

Inhabitants 

per  square 

mile. 

Hi-bftna  ••tt.** •........•tt.^t*.. «*#*.**.-.,.. 

Sq.  miU9. 
2,772 
8,700 
6.000 
10,500 
0.560 
12.468 

153 
55 
85 
8 
37 
26 

Matanzas 

PinardelRlo 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

BantiaiTO r . . 

Habana,  with  the  densest  population,  is  as  thickly  inhabited  as  the 
State  of  Connecticut,  and  Puerto  Principe,  the  most  sparsely  popu- 
lated, is  in  this  respect  comparable  with  the  State  of  Texas. 

The  great  difference  in  density  of  population  in  the  different  prov- 
inces is  in  part  due  to  the  presence  of  large  cities,  especially  in  the 
case  of  Habana.     Still,  after  excluding  the  cities  of  8,000  inhabitants 
or  more,  notable  differences  are  seen  to  exist,  as  shown  below: 
Rural  inhabitants  to  a  square  mUe, 

Habana 65. 3  I  Puerto  Principe 6. 0 

Matanzas 39.0  |  Santa  Clara 28.6 

PinardelRio 32.8  |  Santiago 21.7 

Puerto  Principe,  with  but  6  rural  inhabitants  to  a  square  mile,  is  a 
pastoral  province. 


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DENSITY    OF  POPULATION. 


75 


The  nmp  on  page  74  shows  the  density  of  the  rural  population, 
grouped  in  certain  ^rade^,  which  are  expressed  by  color  distinctions. 
I^  method  of  preparation  of  this  map  was  as  follows:  The  Area  of  the 
municipal  districts^  and  of  the  wards  in  cases  where  the  districts  are 
lai'ge,  were  measured  by  planimeter  on  the  map  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment, as  was  stated  above. 

The  population  of  all  cities  of  ^,000  inhabitants  and  more  was  sub- 
tracted from  that  of  the  districts  or  wards,  the  remainder  being 
r^gai'ded  for  this  pui*pose  as  rural  population.  This  inu*al  population 
was  then  divided  by  the  area  and  the  results  platted  on  the  map.  In 
sketching  the  lines  sepaititing  bodies  of  population  of  different  density 
regard  was  had  to  geographic  considerations  affecting  the  distribution 
of  population  within  the  districts,  such  as  the  existence  of  swamps, 
mountain  ranges,  etc.  Hence  the  lines  separating  bodies  of  popula- 
tion of  different  degrees  of  density  are  not  exactly  those  which  would 
be  indicated  by  the  figures. 

The  salient  features  of  the  map  ai*e  as  follows: 

The  presence  of  several  small  bodies  of  very  dense  population,  90  or 
moi'e  to  a  square  mile  in  Habana  and  Matanzas  provinces,  and  one 
small  area  of  similar  density  in  the  western  part  of  Pinar  del  Bio;  a 
dense  population  generally  throughout  Habana  and  Matanzas  provinces, 
becoming  less  dense  to  the  east  in  Santa  Clara,  and  to  the  west  in 
Pinar  del  Bio.  Toward  the  westea*n  part  of  Pinar  del  Bio  the  density 
increases  rand  then  diminishes  again  near  the  west  end  of  the  island* 
The  eastern  part  of  Santa  Clara  is  not  heavily  populated,  while  in 
Puerto  Principe  the  population  is  sparse.  The  density  increases  ^gain 
in  Santiago  but  not  uniformly.  Indeed,  the  population  in  Santiago 
province  is  distributed  with  the  greatest  irregularity.  The  keys  bor- 
dering the  north  coast  and  the  marshes  on  the  south  coast,  the  Sierra 
Maestra,  and  most  of  the  Isle  of  Pines  are  very  sparsely  populated. 

The  density  of  population  of  municipal  districts  with  their  areas  is 
presented  in  Table  V. 

The  following  table  pi'esents  (1)  the  distribution  of  the  rural  popula- 
tion, in  areas  of  differing  density,  corresponding  with  iho&e  repre- 
sented on  the  map;  (2)  the  percentage  of  the  rural  population  in  each 
of  these  areas;  (3)  the  number  of  square  miles  of  each  such  area;  and 
(4)  the  percentage  which  each  area  bears  to  the  area  of  Cuba: 


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REPORT  ON   THE   CEJCSUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 


URBAN   POPULATION. 

In  connection  with  the  population  of  cities,  it  must  be  understood 
that  the  cities  of  Cuba  have  no  corporate  limits  separating  sharply 
the  urban  element  from  the  surrounding  rural  population.  The  cities, 
like  the  iiiral  districts,  are  divided  into  wards,  and  many  of  these 
wards  extend  from  the  borders  of  the  cities  out  into  country  dbtricts, 
much  as  do  New  England  towns,  and  thus  include  both  urban  and  rural 
population.  On  this  account  it  is  impossible  to  state  the  population 
of  cities  with  exactness,  although  it  is  believed  that  the  best  separation 
possible  has  been  made. 

The  population  of  cities  by  the  census  of  1899  can  not  be  compared 
with  that  given  by  the  census  of  1887,  because  the  figures  of  the  latter 
embrace  the  entire  municipal  district,  including  the  city,  which  in 
most  cases  adds  to  it  a  large  population. 

Table  IV  shows  the  population  of  all  cities  of  1,000  inhabitants  or 
more  which  can  be  given  separately.  The  number  altogether  is  96, 
of  which  16  have  a  population  in  excess  of  8,000,  5  in  excess  of  25,000, 
and  1  (Habana)  a  population  of  235,981. 

The  urban  population  of  Cuba,  including  all  cities  down  'to  1,000 
inhabitants,  numbers  741,273,  or  47.1  per  cent  of  the  entire  popula- 
tion. Including  in  the  urban  population  only  the  inhabitants  of  cities 
of  8,000  or  more,  as  is  done  in  the  United  States  census,  the  number 
of  the  urban  element  is  507,831,  and  the  proportion  to  the  total  popula- 
tion is  32.3  per  cent.  The  corresponding  figures  in  the  United  States 
in  1890  were  29.2  per  cent. 

The  number  of  urban  inhabitants  in  each  province,  under  each  of 
the  two  definitions  of  urban  population  used,  with  the  percentages 
of  the  total  population,  are  given  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 


Habamt 

Matanzaa 

PiuardelRio... 
Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Bantia^ 


Urban 

Urban 

population 
hi  citiee  of 

Percent- 

population 
In  cities  of 

Percent- 

1,000 or 

al. 

8,000  or 

age. 

more. 

more. 

828,947 

77.4 

277,686 

65.4 

103,578 

61.2 

66,314 

28.8 

22,337 

12.9 

8,880 

6.1 

86,543 

40.1 

26,102 

28.4 

141,131 

39.6 

80,345 

22.5 

108,747 

33.2 

67,664 

17.5 

A  striking  feature  in  the  distribution  of  Cuban  cities  is  the  fact  that 
the  great  majority  of  them  are  situated  on  the  seacoast,  comparatively 
few  and  small  cities  being  in  the  interior.  Of  the  16  cities  of  the 
island  which  have  a  population  of  8,000  or  more  no  fewer  than  10 
are  upon  the  seacoast.  The  above  peculiarity  of  distribution  is  still 
more  marked  when  we  consider  the  population,  since  the  10  cities  upon 
the  seacoast  contain  no  fewer  than  431,063  inhabitants,  while  the  6 
interior  cities  contain  only  76,768  people. 


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CENTER   OF   POPULATION.  77 

The  map  opposite  page  76  shows  the  distribution  of  the  cities  of 
the  island,  the  size  of  the  colored  circles  surrounding  each  city  repre- 
senting, rudely,  its  population.  In  the  case  of  Habana  the  circle  is 
necessarily  so  large  as  to  include  numerous  other  cities,  and  it  is, 
therefore,  represented  in  shading  instead  of  in  solid  color,  in  order  to 
let  the  others  appear. 

The  great  preponderance  of  Habana  over  all  the  other  cities  of  the 
island  is  forcibly  illustrated;  also  the  location  of  the  larger  cities  at 
or  close  to  the  seacoast,  the  only  large  cities  in  the  interior  being 
Puerto  Principe,  Sancti  Spiritus,  and  Santa  Clara.  In  the  interior  are 
numerous  small  cities,  which  are  abundant  in  the  provinces  of  Habana, 
Matanzas,  and  the  central  part  of  Santa  Clara.  Pinar  del  Rio  and 
Puerto  Principe  are  almost  without  cities  of  magnitude,  and  in  Santi- 
ago they  are  few  in  number  and  are  widely  scattered. 

CENTER  OF  POPULATION. 

The  center  of  population  is  the  center  of  gravity  of  the  people, 
assuming  each  individual  to  have  the  same  weight  and  to  press  down- 
ward with  a  force  propoi*tional  to  his  distance  from  this  center. 

Suppose  Cuba  to  be  a  plane  surface,  without  weight,  and  to  be 
loaded  with  its  population,  distributed  as  at  the  time  of  the  census, 
then  the  island  would  be  equally  balanced  about  this  center. 

The  method  of  computing  the  center  of  population  is  as  follows: 
The  position  of  the  center  of  population  of  each  municipal  district  was 
first  estimated.  Where  the  district  was  a  small  one  and  uniformly 
populated  it  was  at  its  center  of  area.  In  case  the  district  was  large, 
or  the  population  was  distributed  unequally  over  it,  the  location  of 
its  population  center  was  estimated  after  an  examination  of  the  distri- 
bution of  population  over  the  district,  as  shown  by  the  figures  for  the 
wards.  Thus,  in  the  case  of  Habana  and  Matanzas,  and  of  the  large 
municipal  districts  composing  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe,  the 
center  of  population  was  not  at  its  center  of  area,  and  such  an  examina- 
tion was  made,  as  also  in  most  of  the  districts  of  Santiago  and  certain 
of  those  of  Santa  Clara. 

The  positions  of  the  centers  of  the  districts  having  been  thus  esti- 
mated, a  point  was  assumed  as  a  tentative  center  of  population  of  each 
province,  lines  were  drawn  through  it  east  and  west,  north  and  south, 
and  the  distances  of  each  of  these  centers  from  this  assumed  point, 
expressed  in  tenns  of  latitude  and  departure,  were  measured,  using 
the  large  War  Department  map  of  the  island.  The  population  of  each 
district  was  then  multiplied  by  its  distance  in  latitude,  whether  north 
or  south,  and  in  departure,  whether  east  or  west,  from  the  assumed 
center,  and  the  sum  of  the  products  in  each  of  the  four  directions 
obtained.  The  difference  between  the  sum  of  the  products  north  and 
south  of  the  assumed  position  divided  by  the  population  of  the  prov- 


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REPORT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   OUBA,   1899. 


ince  gave  a  eorrection  in  latitude  to  the  assumed  positiou.  Similarrly, 
the  products  of  the  population  ol  the  districts  by  the  departures  were 
summed  up  east  and  west  of  the  assumed  center,  and  the  difference 
between  them  divided  by  the  total  population  of  the  province  gik¥e  a 
correction  in  departure  to  the  assumed  center. 

In  this  manner  the  centers  of  population  in  189^  and  in  1887  were 
obtained  for  each  of  the  6  provinces. 

The  cefiiers  of  area  of  each  of  the  6  provinces  wei^e  obtained  by 
a  similar  process^  using,  however,  square  miles  of  area  instead  of 
numbers  of  inhabitants. 

The  center  of  population  of  die  island  was  determined  by  a  similar 
use  of  the  centers  of  population  of  the  provinces.  For  this  purpose 
the  position  of  the  city  of  Santa  Clara  was  assumed  as  a  tentetive 
center  of  population  of  the  island,  and  the  differences  of  latitude  and 
of  departure  of  the  computed  center  of  population  of  each  of  the 
provinces  from  this  assumed  point,  Santa  Clara,  were  measured,  were 
multiplied  by  the  population  of  the  provinces,  the  products  added,,  and 
the  differences  between  the  sum  of  tibe  north  and  of  the  south  products 
obtained  and  divided  by  the  total  population  of  the  island,  giving  a 
correction  in  latitude  to  the  assumed  position.  The  correction  in 
departure  was  obtained  in  a  similar  manner. 

Thus  the  center  of  population  was  obtained  for  the  census  of  1899 
and  of  1887,  together  with  the  center  of  area  of  the  island. 

The  following  are  the  results: 

Pinar  dd  Rio^ 


LatitDde. 

LongiCDde. 

Center  of  popalation: 

18W..; 

o      / 
22    U 
22    35 
22    29* 

o      / 
83    29 
83    23 
88    36 

1887 

Center  of  area 

The  center  of  population  in  1899^  was  15  miles  northeast  of  the  city 
of  Pinar  del  Rio.  It  had  moved  from  its  position  in  1887  1  mile 
south  and  6  miles  west,  owing  to  the  partial  depopulation  of  the  east- 
em  part  of  the  province  by  the  civil  war.  The  center  of  area  is 
located  about  7  mfles  northeast  of  the  city  of  Ptnar  del  RSo,  and  there- 
fore about  8  miles  southwest  of  the  center  of  population  in  1899. 

Habana,  I 


Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population: 

1899 

o      / 
23    02 
23    00 
22    33 

O         ' 

82    21 
82    18 
82    22 

1887 

Center  of  area 

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OENTBB   OF   POPULATION. 


79 


The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  7  miles  south  of  the  city  of 
Habana,  not  far  from  the  north  coast  and  some  distance  north  of  the 
center  of  area  of  the  province.  It  is  drawn  into  this  eccentric  posi- 
tion by  the  weight  of  the  great  city  of  Habana,  in  which  are  more 
than  half  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  province.  In  1887  Ae  center  of 
population  was  2  miles  south  and  3  miles  east  of  its  position  in  1899. 
The  center  of  area  of  this  province  is  in  Caribbean  Sea,  being  drawn 
to  this  position  by  the  Isle  of  Pines,  which  forms  part  of  the  province, 

McUamas. 


Latitude. 

Longitude. 

0        / 
81    21 
81    22 
81    12 

Center  of  population: 

1899 

o        / 

22    60 
22    60 
22    44 

1887 

Center  of  area 

The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  19  miles  southeast  of  the  city 
of  Matanzas  and  14  miles  northwest  of  the  center  of  area,  being  to 
this  extent  eccentric  in  position.  The  center  of  population  in  1887 
was  in  the  same  latitude  as  in  1899  and  1  mile  farther  west. 


Santa  Clara. 


TAtitude. 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population: 

1899.. .V.\ 

o       / 
22    23 
22    28 
22    19 

o       / 
80    02 
80    02 
80    00 

1887 

Center  of  area 

The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  5  miles  southwest  of  the  city 
of  Santa  Clara  and  identical  with  its  position  in  1887,  indicating  that 
whatever  had  been  the  movements  of  population  in  the  intervening 
years  they  had  balanced  one  another.  The  center  of  area  was  5  miles 
nearly  southeast  of  the  center  of  population. 


Puerto  Principe, 

Latitude. 

1 

Longitude. 

o         / 

78    02 
78    04 
78    07 

Center  of  population: 
1899 

o       / 
21    29 
21    81 
21    82 

1887 

Center  of  area 

The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  10  miles  northwest  of  the  city 
of  Puerto  Principe,  and  it  had  since  1887  moved  3  miles  in  a  south- 
easterly direction.  The  center  of  area  was  but  8  miles  distant  in  a 
northwesterly  direction  from  this  center  of  population. 


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BEPOET   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  189" 
SatiHago. 

». 

Latitude. 

o      / 
20    21 
20    20 
20    22 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population : 

1899 

o        / 

76    08 
75    54 
75    54 

1887 

Center  of  area 

The  center  of  population  was,  in  1899,  29  miles  northwest  of  the 
city  of  Santiago,  having  moved  in  the  preceding  twelve  years  9  miles  in 
a  direction  nearly  west.  The  center  of  area  was  in  nearly  the  same 
latitude,  but  9  miles  nearly  east  of  this  center  of  population. 

Cuba, 


Center  of  population: 

1899 

1887 

Center  of  area 


Latitude. 


22  15 
22  24 
21    51 


Longitude. 


80  23 
80  41 
79    18 


The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  in  Santa  Clara  province,  30 
miles  southwest  of  the  city  of  Santa  Clara  and  8  miles  northeast  of 
Cienf  uegos.  In  1887  it  was  24  miles  northwest  of  its  position  in  1899, 
showing  a  net  movement  of  the  population  in  the  twelve  intervening 
years  toward  the  southeast,  represented  by  this  24  miles  of  movement 
The  center  of  area  is  10  miles  east-southeast  of  the  city  of  Sancti 
Spiritus,  at  a  distance  of  76  miles  east-southeast  of  the  center  of 
population  in  1899  and  100  miles  from  the  center  in  1887. 

DISTRIBUTION   IN   ALTITUDB. 

By  the  aid  of  a  sketch  map  prepared  by  Mr.  Robert  T.  Hill  it  has 
been  made  possible  to  distribute  the  population  in  elevation  above  sea 
level,  with  the  following  results: 


Altitude. 

Population. 

Percentage. 

Feet. 

-    100 
100-1,000 

+1,000 

597,000 
827,000 
134,000 

38.8 
53.1 
8.6 

SEX. 


(See  Table  VI.) 

Cuba  had  57,613  more  males  than  females,  an  excess  equal  to  3.6  per 
cent  of  the  population.  In  this  respect  it  agrees  with  nearly  all  coun- 
tries which  are  receiving  many  immigrants,  for  immigrants  to  new 


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SEX. 


81 


countries  or  to  countries  of  little  industrial  development  are  predomi- 
oaotly  men.  This  excess  of  males  in  Cuba,  therefore,  which  distin- 
guishes it  from  neighboring  West  Indian  islands  like  Jamaica,  Porto 
Kieo,  and  the  Bahamas,  is  evidence  that,  as  with  the  United  States, 
immigration  has  been  a  large  factor  and  emigration  a  small  factor  in 
the  growth  of  its  population. 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  population  and  total  males, 
together  with  the  facts,  by  race,  for  the  censuses  selected  as  most 
trustworthy.  Where  the  information  has  not  been  found  the  space 
has  been  left  blank. 

Table  showing  population  and  number  of  males  at  successive  censuses. 


Date  of  census. 


1775. 
17W. 

1817. 
1H27. 
IMl. 
1H61. 
1K77. 
1S87., 
1«99., 


Total. 


Population.       Males. 


20 

00 

165,234 

63 

86 

403,906 

24 

684,097 

30 

800,636 

91 

846,696 

76 

866,407 

97 

816,206 

White. 


Population.       Males. 


96,440 

163,660 

267,380 

311,061 

418,291 

793,484 

1,023,394 

1,102,889 

1,067,364 


66,476 
82,299 


168,663 
227,144 
468,107 
698,396 
607,187 
677,807 


Colored. 


Population.        Males. 


76,180 
118,741 
814,983 
398,436 
589,333 
603,  (M6 
485,897 
628,798 
606,443 


?2,936 


236,262 
356,963 
332,628 
247,200 
276,413 
237,898 


In  the  foregoing  table  the  Chinese,  in  confonnity  with  the  pi*actice 
of  Spanish  censuses,  have  been  grouped  with  the  whites.  Where  pos- 
sible the  dejure  population  has  been  given.  Hence  in  1887  the  details 
by  race  being  given  only  for  the  de  facto  population,  do  not  sum  to 
the  dejure  population  given  in  the  total  column.  From  the  preceding 
table  the  following  table  of  percentages  has  been  derived: 


Year. 

Per  cent  of  males  in- 

Total 
population. 

White 
population. 

Colored 
population. 

1775 , 

67.6 
63.6 
54.2 
64.3 
59.0 
58.5 
56.1 
54.1 

1792 

57.0 
67.3 
68.0 
57.3 
66.0 
63.9 
51.8 

61.4 
69.8 
60.6 
66.1 
60.9 
52.1 
47.0 

1827 

1841 

1861 

1877 

1887 

1899 

The  proportion  of  males  in  Cuba  apparently  reached  its  maximum 
about  the  middle  of  the  century,  when  it  was  nearly  the  same  as  that 
of  the  Pacific  coast  States  in  1890  (Washington,  62.3  per  cent;  Ore- 
gon, 68  per  cent;  California,  58  per  cent).  Since  then  it  has  gradu- 
ally decreased  until  the  proportional  excess  of  males  was  in  1899  about 
the  same  as  in  several  States  bordering  on  the  Upper  Mississippi 
River  (Wisconsin,  51.9  per  cent;  Iowa,  52  per  cent;  Illinois,  51.6  per 
cent).  Among  the  whites  the  proportion  of  males  reached  its  maxi- 
24662 6 


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REPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA, 


mum  somewhat  later,  perhaps  owing  in  part  to  the  immigration  of 
many  thousand  Chinese  males  in  the  years  preceding  the  census  of 
1861.  Yet,  even  if  these  be  excluded,  the  per  cent  of  males  among  the 
true  whites  or  Caucasians  of  Cuba  in  1861  was  67.1,  or  higher  than  it 
had  been  since  the  first  census  of  the  island. 

While  the  slave  trade  was  thriving  the  excess  of  males  was  much 
greater  among  the  colored  than  among  the  whites.  This  suggests  that 
the  supply  of  colored  labor  was  maintained  primarily  by  importation 
rather  than  by  rearing  slave  children.  But  since  1841  the  excess  of 
colored  males  has  steadily  decreased,  and  before  the  last  census  was 
taken  it  had  disappeared.  The  increase  between  1877  and  1887  sug- 
gests the  possibility  that  the  Chinese,  who  were  not  separately  returned 
in  the  census  of  1887,  may  have  been  included  at  that  time  with  the 
colored.  But  such  an  interpretation  is  doubtful.  On  comparing  the 
results  of  the  present  census  with  those  of  the  Spanish  census  of  1887 
the  excess  of  males  is  seen  to  have  decreased  rapidly  in  twelve  years. 
In  1887  the  excess  of  males  in  the  de  jure  population  was  123,739, 
while  in  1899  it  was  less  than  half  that  amount.  During  the  twelve 
years  the  number  of  males  and  of  females  apparently  changed  in  oppo- 
site directions,  that  of  the  females  having  increased  by  nearly  15,000 
(14,924),  and  that  of  the  males  having  decreased  by  over  50,000  (51,202). 
Thus  the  females  increased  2  per  cent  and  the  males  decreased  nearly 
6  per  cent  in  twelve  years. 

The  excess  of  males  in  1899  was  distributed  through  the  provinces' 
as  follows: 


Province. 


Total  popu- 
lation. 


Absolute 

excess  of 

males. 


Per  cent 
that  excess 
makes  of 
toUl  popu- 
lation. 


Santa  Clara 

PinardelRio 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

Habanacity 

Matanzas 

Puerto  Principe 

Santiago 

Cuba 


856.636 
173,064 
188,823 
235,981 
202,444 
88,234 
827,716 


1,672,797 


21,578 
10,312 
8,641 
10,536 
6,006 
1,664 
—26 


67,613 


6.1 
6.0 
4.6 
4.6 
2.6 
1.8 


S.6 


From  this  table  it  appears  that  in  the  eastern  provinces — Puerto 
Principe  and  Santiago — ^the  two  sexes  were  almost  equal  in  numbers, 
and  that  the  excess  of  males  was  in  the  western  half  of  the  island, 
where  immigration  has  been  most  influential. 

The  main  point  at  which  immigrants  into  Cuba  disembark  is 
Habana.     Hence  one  would  expect  to  find  a  large  preponderance  of 

'  As  the  statistics  of  a  great  city  like  Habana  differ  widely  from  thoee  of  a  more 
scattered  population,  the  province  of  Habana  will  often  be  divided  into  two  parts, 
the  city  and  the  rest  of  the  province. 


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CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


TOTAL    POPULATION 

CLASSIFIED    BY   SEX,   RACE,    AND    NATIVITY 
HABANA  MATANZAS 


PUERTO    PRINCIPE 


SANTA   CLARA 


SANTIAGO 


NATIVE  WHITE,  MALE 

FEMALE 
FOREIGN  WHITE,  MALE 

FEMALE 


Hm     NEQRO,  MALE 
\  I  »»         FEMALE 

I  I     MIXED,  MALE 

FEMALE 


CHINESE,  MALE 


A««aSB«ce    BAuriMC'l 


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SEX. 


88 


males  in  that  city.  The  foregoing  table,  however,  shows  that  the 
proportion  of  males  in  the  province  of  Habana,  outside  the  city,  was 
somewhat  greater  than  the  proportion  in  the  city  itself.  It  may  be 
worth  while,  therefore,  to  see  whether  other  cities  had  a  lower  pro- 
portion of  males  than  the  rural  districts.  The  following  table  gives 
an  answer  to  the  question.  The  14  cities  referred  to  include  all  those 
having  a  population  exceeding  10,000,  together  with  the  city  of  Pinar 
del  Rio. 


District. 

Number  of— 

Per  cent  of— 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

49.0 
53.1 

FemaleK. 

Fourteen  cities  separately  returned » 

Rural  district* 

240,862 
674,353 

250,652 
506,  »40 

51.0 
46  9 

Cuba 

815,206 

767,592 

51.8 

48  2 

The  excess  of  males  in  Cuba  is  thus  seen  to  hold  only  in  the  rural 
districts.  In  the  cities  there  were  nearly  10,000  more  females  than 
males,  but  in  the  country  about  67,000  more  males  than  females.  In 
an  average  group  of  1,000  city  folk  there  were  20  more  females  than 
males,  but  in  an  average  group  of  1,000  country  folk  there  were  62 
more  males  than  females. 

In  the  following  table  the  distinction  between  urban  and  rural  popu- 
lation has  been  extended  to  the  provinces,  and  for  purposes  of  sim- 
plicity only  the  columns  for  males  have  been  retained: 


Province. 


Number  of  males 
In- 


Urban 
districts. 


Rural 
districts. 


Per  cent  of  males 
in- 


Urban 
districts. 


Rural 
districts. 


Difference  in 
proportion  of 

males  be> 

tween  urban 

and  rural 

districts. 


Habana  

Matanzas 

Pinar  del  Rio... 
Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 


135,562 
27,132 
4,256 
10,912 
86,560 
26,440 


86,438 
76,594 
87,432 
83,987 
152,497 
137,405 


51.9 
46.6 
47.9 
43.5 
45.5 
46.9 


52.8 
53.2 
53.3 
53.8 
66.2 
50.9 


0.9 
6.7 
5.4 
10.3 
9.7 
6.0 


The  difference  between  city  and  country  in  all  other  provinces  is 
several  times  as  great  as  it  is  in  Habana,  and  rises  to  a  maximmu  in 
Puerto  Principe,  where  in  every  100  country  residents  there  are  10 
more  males  than  there  are  in  the  capital  city  of  that  province.  It  is 
in  Habana  province  alone  that  males  outnumber  females  in  the  cities. 
Elsewhere  they  are  in  a  decided  minority.  This  difference  may  plaus- 
ibly be  connected  with  the  large  number  of  immigrants  in  the  cities 
of  that  province,  notably  in  Habana.  In  every  one  of  the  14  cities 
separately  returned,  except  Habana  and  its  suburb  Regla,  the  females 
outnumber  the  males. 


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84  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

AGE. 

(8se  Table  IX.) 

CUBA    AS   A    WHOLK. 

Probably  the  best  single  and  simple  expression  for  the  SLge  of  a  great 
number  of  people  like  the  inhabitants  of  Cuba  or  the  United  States  is 
what  is  called  the  median  age;  that  is,  the  age  such  that  half  the  mem- 
bers of  the  population  group  under  consideration  are  younger  and 
half  are  older.  To  compute  it  accurately  the  census  tables  should 
present  the  ages  by  single  years.  That  information  being  given,  it  is 
easy  to  ascertain  within  what  single  year  of  life  the  median  age  must 
lie.  It  is  then  assumed  that  within  the  year  of  age  thus  fixed  the  per- 
sons were  evenly  distributed;  in  other  words,  that  there  were  as  many 
persons  living  in  the  first  tenth  of  the  year  or  the  first  month  as  in 
each  other  tenth  or  month.  In  this  way  the  median  age  of  the  popu:, 
lation  of  the  United  States  in  1890  has  b^ftn  fix^/T^t  21  ^'^ftar«  The 
present  census  of  Cuba  reports  ages  not  by  single  years,  but,  in  most 
cases,  only  by  five-year  periods.*  Hence  to  get  the  median  age  it  has 
been  necessary  to  distribute  the  population,  of  Cuba  iu  ji  single  five- 
year  pemd  to  the  several  years.  For  this  purpose  it  has  been  assumed 
that  the  number  at  each  year  of  age  in  the  five-year  group  bears  the 
same  proportion  in  Cuba,  as  in  the  United  States,  to  the  total  for  the 
five  years.     Thus  the  median  age  in  Cuba  has  been  found  to  be  20.78 

ears.     That  in  Porto  Rico  is  18.18  years.     The  people  of  Cuba,  there- 
fore, were  more  than  a  year  younger  than  those  of  the  United  States, 
but  more  than  two  and  a  half  years  older  than  the  people  of  Porto 
^co. 

The  median  age  is  a  sunmoary  expression  of  the  age  constitution  and 
gives  only  a  preliminary  idea  of  the  facts.  The  analysis  is  carried  a 
step  farther  by  the  following  table,  in  which  the  three  population 
groups  are  compared  in  more  detail.  Here  and  elsewhere  no  com- 
parison is  made  with  Spain  because  of  the  meager  statistical  informa- 
tion about  that  country.  The  table  states  the  proportion  that  the 
number  of  persons  in  each  ten-year  period  from  the  beginning  to  the 
end  of  life  made  of  the  total  population  of  all  ages. 

*  The  division  of  the  group  16-19  at  17  enables  one  to  know  the  population  of  school 
age,  6-17,  and  that  of  age  to  serve  in  the  militia,  18-44.  The  division  of  the  group 
20-24  at  20  enables  one  to  know  the  potential  voters.  The  division  of  tlie  group  0-4 
into  single  years  allows  a  study  of  the  balance  between  birth  rate  ancT  death  rate 
during  the  early  years  before  it  is  seriously  affected  by  migration. 


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CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


CUBA 


DISTRIBUTION    OF    POPULATION 
BY    AGE    AND    SEX 


AGE    PERIODS 


E    PERIODS 

9Sto  99 


CS    ..     S6 


a    PER  CENT. 


7SS43i(0i;3*56 

COLORED    POPULATION 
AGE    PERIODS 


7  PER   CENT. 


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AGE. 


85 


Age  consUlutum  of  the  population  of  Cuba  compared  with  thai  of  Porto  Rico  and  the  UnUed 
Stales  J  by  ten-year  age  periods. 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  of  total  population 
in  age  periods  named. 

Cuba 
(1899). 

Porto 
Rico 
(1899). 

United 
States 
(1890). 

0-9 

22.70 

25.81 

18.46 

13.88 

9.24 

5.81 

8.08 

1.03 

.35 

.11 

.02 

.01 

30.84 

22.82 

18.12 

11.74 

7.41 

5.06 

2.63 

.90 

.86 

.10 

.01 

.01 

24.29 

21.70 

18.24 

13.48 

9.45 

6.88 

3.94 

1.75 

.45 

.05 

.01 

.26 

10-19 

20-29 

80-39 

40-49 

60-69 

60-69 

70-79 

80-89 

90-99 

100+ 

Of  unknown  age 

Total , 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

This  table  shows  that  the  proportion  of  children  under  10  in  Cuba 
was  less  than  in  the  United  States  and  much  less  than  in  Porto' Rico. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  proportion  of  persons  between  10  and  20  was 
much  higher  and  that  of  persons  between  20  and  40  somewhat  higher 
than  in  either  of  the  other  countries.  The  proportion  of  persons  in 
Cuba  between  40  and  90  was  somewhat  less  than  in  the  United  States, 
but,  with  a  slight  exception  for  the  last  ten  years,  greater  than  in 
Porto  Rico.  The  proportion  beyond  90,  which  was  larger  than  in  Porto 
Rico  or  the  United  States,  points  not  to  a  greater  proportional  number 
of  very  aged  persons  in  Cuba,  but  to  greater  errors  in  the  returns, 
whereby  the  true  age  has  been  exaggerated.  If  the  age  composition 
of  the  population  in  the  United  States  be  taken  as  a  standard,  there 
were  in  Cuba  few  children,  many  youth,  an  average  number  of  young 
adults,  and  a  small  number  of  persons  who  had  passed  the  meridian 
of  40.  An  accessible  summary*  giving  the  proportion  of  children 
under  10  and  of  adults  over  60  in  18  European  countries  at  the  last 
censuses  shows  that  Cuba  had  proportionally  fewer  children  under  10 
than  14  of  these  countries,  but  a  larger  per  cent  than  Belgium  (22.4), 
Switzerland  (21.7),  Ireland  (20.8),  or  France  (17.5).  The  per  cent  of 
persons  over  60  (4.6)  was  lower  than  in  the  United  States  (6.2),  and 
that  was  lower  than  in  any  of  the  18  countries  of  Europe.  The  gmall^ 
proportion  of  aged  persons  in  the  United  States  may  be  explained  by 
t^e_rapid  growth  of  its  population:  but  in  Cuba^  where  the  population 
has  increased  only  4  per  cent  in  twenty -two  years,  the  cause  must  be 
sought  rather  in  unsanitary  conditions^  ^pnorancft  reprardinpr  care  of 
the  health,  and  poverty,  all  of  which  are  widely  prevalent  among 
certain  classes  on  the  island  and  result  in  a  short  life. 

The  analysis  may  be  carried  one  step  farther  by  finding  the  propor- 

*  Allgemeines  Statistisches  Archiv  III,  472  (1894). 


^ 


/ 


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86 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


tion  of  the  population  belonging  to  each  period  of  five  years  between 
birth  and  death.  The  result*,  in  companion  with  those  for  the  United 
States  and  Porto  Rico,  and  also  with  an  artificial  stationary  population 
from  which  the  errors  due  to  misstatement  of  age  or  to  uneven  growth 
of  population  have  been  excluded,  are  contained  in  the  foUowing 
table: 

Age  omMiluiion  of  the  population  of  Culta  compared  with  that  of  Porto  Rico  and  the 
United  StcUex,  by  five-year  age  periods. 


Age  period. 

Oil  ha 

(1899). 

United 
States 
(1890). 

Porto 
Rico 

(1899). 

Parr's 
table. 

0-4 

8.32 

14.38 

18.99 

U.32 

9.72 

8.74 

7.66 

6.33 

5.43 

8.81 

8.66 

2.16 

2.19 

.89 

.75 

.28 

.28 

.07 

.08 

.03 

.02 

.01 

12.19 

12.10 

11.23 

10.47 

9.89 

8.36 

7.31 

6.17 

5.09 

4.36 

8.71 

2.67 

2.38 

1.61 

1.12 

.63 

.83 

.12 

.04 

.01 

.01 

.26 

15.78 

•15.06 

13.05 

9.77 

9.80 

8.77 
8.48 
K  '25 

6-9 

10-14 

15-19 

20-24 

9.28    1        7.94    1 

25-29 

8.84 
6.75 
4.99 
4.64 
2.77 
3.46 
1.61 
1.93 
.70 
.65 

7.56 
7.20 
6.80 
6.38 
5.92 
5.42 
4.86 
4.16 
3.36 
•2.44 

80-34 

35-39 

40-14 

45-49 

60-^ 

65-69 

65-69 

70-74 

75-79 

.26            1.62 

.28    1         .76 
.08    1         .28 
.07               -07 

80-84 

86-90 

90-94 

95-99 

.08 
.01 
.01 

.01 
.01 
.00 

100+ 

Of  iifikfinwn  «ff« 

Total 

100.00         100.00 

100.00    1    100.00 

The  deficiency  in  young  children  previously  noted  is  here  more 
accurately  defined.  The  children  between  5  and  10  were  more  numer- 
ous in  Cuba  than  in  the  United  States  and  not  much  fewer  than  in 
Porto  Rico,  but  the  children  under  5  were  only  about  two-thirds  as 
niunerous  as  in  the  United  States  and  not  much  more  than  half  as 
numerous  as  in  Porto  Rico.  No  country  for  which  figures  are  acces- 
sible had  so  small  a  proportion  of  children  under  5  as  Cuba.  This 
small  number  of  survivors  of  the  children  bom  between  1894  and 
1899,  when  taken  in  connection  with  the  large  number  of  survivors  of 
those  born  between  1889  and  1894,  must  be  attributed  to  the  economic 
and  political  misfortunes  by  which  the  island  has  been  afiiicted  during 
the  past  five  years.  Compare  the  memorandum  on  vital  statistics, 
1890  to  1899,  in  Appendix  XVUI.  Such  misfortunes  usually  exercise 
more  influence  on  population  by  preventing  births  or  increasing  infant 
mortality  than  by  causing  death  of  adults.  In  every  country  in  which 
the  population  is  stationary  or  increasing  one  ordinarily  finds  that  the 
children  under  5  outnumber  those  between  5  and  10,  and  if  the  popu- 
lation is  to  be  maintained  this  clearly  must  be  so.  Hence  the  number 
of  children  in  Cuba  5-9  years  of  age  may  be  deemed  a  minimum  limit  to 


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AGE.  87 

what  the  number  0-4  years  of  age  would  have  been  had  it  not  been  for 
the  recent  sufferings  of  the  island.     This  gives  the  following  estimate: 

Children  5-9 226,109 

Children  0-4 130,878 

Difference 95,229 

This  difference  of  nearly  100,000  may  approximately  represent  a 
minimum  limit  to  the  loss  of  infant  life  in  Cuba  both  by  death  and 
prevention  of  bicth  consequent  upon  her  recent  sufferings. 

An  examination  of  Table  IX  shows  that  during  adult  life,  especially 
the  later  years,  the  reported  numbers  of  persons  in  Cuba  belonging  to 
the  successive  quinquennial  groups  vary  irregularly.  One  would 
expect  the  niunber  in  each  group  through  middle  life  to  fall  below  that 
in  the  next  younger  group  by  a  somewhat  constant  proportion.  That 
it  does  not  do  so  is  clear  from  Table  IX  but  the  fact  is  more  distinctly 
brought  out  by  the  following  derived  table: 

Number  and  per  cent  by  which  the  reported  population  cU  the  age  group  named  fell  below 
the  number  in  the  preceding  age  group. 


Age  group. 

Difference 

between  this 

group  and 

quinquen- 
nial group. 

Per  cent  that 
difference 
makes  of 
total  in  pre 
ceding  quin- 
quennial 
group. 

10-14 1 

-  6,060 
-42,014 
-26,076 
-16, 6M 
-18,693 
-19,248 
-14,072 
-26,663 

-  2,360 
-23,830 
+      664 
-20,402 

-  2,230 

-  7,447 

-  4 

-  3,161 
+       31 

-  737 

-  2.68 
-19.09 
-14.09 
-10. 17 
-13.63 
-16.20 
-14. 13 
-29.89 

-  3.92 
-41.38 
+  1.97 
-69.27 
-16.90 
-63.17 

-  .92 
-72.84 
+  2.63 
-60.90 

16-19 

20-24 

2&-29 

80-«4 

86-39 

40-44 

45-49 

60-54 

56-69 

60-64 

65-69 

70-74 

75-79 

80-84 

85-89 

90-94 .•. 

96-99 

Such  irregularity  in  the  decrease  with  advancing  years  is  counter  to 
all  the  probabilities  in  the  case.  The  most  simple  hypothesis  that  arises 
to  explain  it  is  errors  in  the  reporting  of  ages.  Where  such  errors 
occur  they  reveal  themselves  in  the  large  number  of  persons  whose 
age  is  reported  as  a  multiple  of  5  or  especially  of  10.  Hence^  quin- 
quennial groups^contajnlng  a  multiple  of  10  are  erroneously  swollen 
and  the  intervening:  groups  correspondingly  diminished.  An  exami- 
nation of  the  preceding  table  will  show  that  thisls  true  of  the  reported 
ages  in  Cuba.  Further  evidence  of  the  irregularity  may  be  found  in 
the  following  table.  The  number  of  persons  in  each  quinquennial  group 
has  been  compared  with  half  the  sum  of  the  numbers  in  the  groui^s 


\ 


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88 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


immediately  preceding  and  following.  If  the  curve  representing  the 
population  by  age  groups  were  a  straight  descending  line  (for  a  station- 
ary population  and  through  the  years  of  adult  life  it  closely  approaches 
a  straight  line),  the  number  thus  found  would  in  each  case  be  100  per 
cent.  The  departures  from  100  per  cent,  therefore,  in  the  following 
table  measure  approximately,  and  the  departure  from  the  figures  in 
the  first  column  measure  more  accurately,  the  irregularity  and  probable 
error  in  the  reported  age^  in  Cuba.  Columns  for  the  United  States 
and  Porto  Rico  are  introduced  for  comparison. 

Ptr  ceid  that  poptUation  in  eaeh  quinquennial  group  maJces  of  tlie  arilhmeilcal  mean  of 
popuUUion  in  the  next  younger  and  next  older  groups. 


Age  group. 

English 

life  table, 

No.  3. 

Cuba. 

(1899.) 

United 
States 
(1890). 

Porto 
Rico. 

(1899.) 

6-9  ..... 

84.2 
96.8 
100.4 
100.4 
100.2 
100.2 
100.2 
100.2 
100.4 
100.6 
101.0 
101.4 
101.6 
100.4 
96.8 
86.8 
69.6 
50.4 

128.8 
109.0 

95.4 

97.0 
101.2 
100.4 

97.4 
107.2 

83.8 
123.0 

73.4 
144.0 

60.6 
128.4 

63.8 
157.2 

42.4 
146.4 

103.2 
99.6 
99.2 

106.2 
97.0 

100.6 
99.6 
96.6 
99.2 

105.6 
88.4 

108.6 
93.6 

100.0 
86.8 
87.0 
66.2 
68.4 

104.6 
105.2 

87.6 

99.8 
105.4 

97.7 

87.7 
119.6 

68.6 
157.6 

69.9 
167.9 

64.3 
128.3 

64.3 
175.0 

47.1 
140.0 

10-14 

15-19 

20-24 

26-29 

80-34 

85-39 

40-44 

46^9 

50-64 

56-59 

60-64 

66-69 

70-74 

76-79 

80-S4 

S&-S9 

90-94 

Disregarding  the  first  two  age  groups  and  finding  the  difference 
between  each  following  group  and  the  figures  in  the  first  column  gives 
a  measure  of  the  real  or  alleged  excess  or  deficiency  of  population  in 
certain  age  periods. 

Measure  of  excess  {-^)  or  defidenq^  (  — )  of  population  in  age  group  named. 


Age  group. 

Cuba 

(1899). 

Porto  Rico 

(1899). 

United 
States 
(1890). 

15-19 

-  6.0 

-  3.4 
+  1.0 
+    .2 

-  2.8 
-H  7.0 
-16.6 
-i-22.4 
-27.6 
+42.6 
-41.0 
-J-28.0 
-42.0 
+71.4 
-27.2 
+96.0 

-12.8 

-  .6 
+  6.2 

-  2.6 
-12.6 
+19.4 
-31.8 
+66.9 
-41.1 
+66.6 
-47.3 
+37.9 
-41.6 
+89.2 
-22.1 
+89.6 

-  1.2 
+  4.8 
-3.2 
+     .4 

-  .6 

-  3.6 

-  1.2 
+  5.0 
-12.6 
+  7.2 

-  8.0 

-  .4 

-  9.0 
+  1.2 

-  3.4 
+  8.0 

20-24 

26-29 

80-84 

36-39 

40-44 

45-49 

50-64 

66-69 

60-64 

66-69 

70-74 

76-79 

80-84 

86-89 

90-94 

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AGE. 


89 


In  all  three  countries  the  population  in  age  groups  including  a  mul- 
tiple of  10  was  usually  in  excess  and  that  in  othei  age  groups  in 
deficiency.  In  Cuba  the  deviation  from  the  standard  after  the  age  of 
30  was  greater  and  in  most  instances  many  times  greater  than  in  the 
United  States,  and  in  Porto  Rico  with  few  exceptions  it  was  much 
greater  than  in  Cuba.  In  the  United  States  where  ages  are  reported 
by  single  years  it  can  easily  be  shown  that  the  irregularity  of  the  age 
curve  is  due  to  the  reporting  of  ages  as  30,  40,  etc.,  when  the  persons 
are  near  but  not  at  those  ages.  This  tendency  is  most  marked  among 
the  uneducated.  The  preceding  table  shows  that  a  similar  tendency 
worked  in  Cuba  at  the  present  census  with  greater  effect  than  in  the 
United  States,  and  that  in  Porto  Rico  it  was  even  more  controlling 
than  in  Cuba. 

In  a  single  case  this  explanation  may  be  further  tested.  In  Table 
IX  the  number  of  persons  20  years  of  age  is  given  as  well  as  that  21-24. 
In  Farr's  Life  Table  the  persons  20  years  of  age  are  20.3  per  cent  of 
the  total  in  the  group  20-24.  In  the  United  States  the  proportion  for 
both  sexes  was  20.7,  but  as  males  in  the  United  States  are  fond  of  saying 
they  are  of  voting  age,  and  hence  the  year  21  is  a  favored  one  with 
them,  it  may  be  better  to  compare  the  Cuban  figures  for  this  group  with 
those  for  females  in  the  United  States.  Of  all  females  in  the  United 
States  20-24,  22.4  per  cent  repoi'ted  themselves  as  20  years  of  age. 
In  Cuba,  on  the  contrary,  of  all  persons  20-24,  26.4  per  cent  reported 
themselves  as  20.  This  confirms  the  explanation  already  offered,  that 
the  Cubans  stated  their  age  in  round  numbers  as  some  multiple  of  ten 
far  more  commonly  than  the  Americans  did  in  1890. 

Ages  under  6  hy  single  years, — ^The  ages  under  5  are  reported  for 
each  year.  This  allows  a  study  of  the  balance  between  birth  rate  and 
death  rate  before  it  is  seriously  affected  by  migration.  The  very 
small  nmnber  of  children  under  5  in  Cuba  has  been  shown.  But 
the  distribution  of  these  to  the  single  years  is  also  significant.  The 
following  table  gives  the  number  of  children  belonging  to  each  year 
and  the  ratio  of  that  number  to  the  total  under  5.  Similar  ratios  are 
included  for  the  United  States  in  1880,  when  the  form  of  the  age 
question  was  the  same  as  in  Cuba  in  1899,  and  also  for  Porto  Rico. 


Age  period. 

Ratio  to  total  under  5. 

jNumDeroi 
children. 

Cuba. 

Porto  Rico. 

United     i 

States 

(1880). 

0-1 

-    24,145 
16,873 
23,690 
80,3-10 
85,830 

18.45 

17  A<^ 

on  Qi 

1-2 

12  89               16  99               18  18    ' 

2-3 

18  10              91  ^               ^  f^ 

8-4 

23.18 
27.38 

21  99              19  98 

4-6 

21.59              20. 2G 

0-6 

180,878    1 

100.00 

100  00    !        inn  on 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


90 


REPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


In  Cuba  over  50  per  cent  of  the  children  under  5,  at  tJie  date  of  the 
census,  were  3  or  4  years  old;  while  in  Porto  Rico  the  corresponding 
per  cent  was  43.6,  in  the  United  States  (1880)  it  was  40.2  per  cent, 
and  by  the  English  Life  Table  No.  3,  37.5  per  cent.  This  apparently 
shows  that  the  birth  rate  was  higher  or  the  infant  mortality  lower  in 
Cuba  during  1895  and  1896  than  it  was  in  1897,  1898,  and  1899. 
Apparently,  also,  in  Porto  Rico  the  conditions  affecting  the  lives  of 
young  children  were  better  in  1895-1897  than  they  were  i^  1898  or 
1899. 


THE  SEVERAL    PBOVINCBB. 


Hie  uiediam,  age, 
follows: 


-The  median  age  of  the  several  provinces  was  as 


Provliice, 


Santiago 

Puerto  Principe 

PlnardelRio 

Santa  Clam 

Habana  (excluBiveof  ci^) 
Matanzas 

(city) ;;;;:::: 


Median 
age. 


18.0 
18.1 
19.3 
21.0 
21.4 
22.0 
24.8 


There  was  a  difference  of  nearly  seven  years  between  the  median  age 
in  Santiago  and  in  the  capital  of  the  island.  As  the  two  provinces 
which  were  closest  in  age,  Santiago  and  Puerto  Principe,  were  those 
which  have  the  largest  proportions  of  colored  and  of  white,  respec- 
tively, it  is  clear  that  the  median  age  of  the  two  races  probably  did  not 
differ  widely  except  where  immigration  has  entered  to  cause  a  difference. 

Age  hy  5-year  2>eriods. — ^The  wide  differenqe  in  median  age  between 
Habana  city  and  the  eastern  provinces  is  in  some  measure  explained 
by  the  following  table: 

Per  cent  of  total  population  belonging  to  age  period  ^aUd, 


Age  period. 

Habana 

(excluding 

city). 

Habana 
city. 

Matanzaa. 

Plnardel 
Rio. 

Puerto 
Principe. 

SanU 
Clara. 

Santiago. 

0-4 

6.94 

12.98 

14.16 

12.29 

11.47 

9.89 

7.67 

6.16 

6.06 

3.65 

8.58 

2.09 

2.02 

.84 

.66 

.26 

.22 

.06 

.06 

.08 

.02 

.01 

7.64 

10.32 

10.17 

10.73 

11.70 

11.17 

9.31 

7.67 

6.08 

4.32 

3.91 

2.48 

2.21 

1.06 

.70 

.32 

.21 

.07 

.05 

.02 

.02 

.00 

7.93 

13.88 

13.48 

10.94 

9.63 

8.79 

7.12 

6.98 

5.37 

4.10 

4.28 

2.77 

2.86 

1.26 

1.09 

.35 

.89 

.10 

.12 

.03 

.02 

.01 

9.14 

16.67 

14.71 

11.98 

11.21 

9.81 

7.11 

5.01 

4.67 

2.90 

2.98 

1.46 

1.73 

.60 

.66 

.17 

.24 

.06 

.07 

.03 

.02 

.00 

11.16 

16.65 

16.10 

10.94 

7.08 

6.78 

6.74 

5.99 

6.28 

3.96 

8.74 

2.29 

2.47 

.97 

.93 

.86 

.89 

.10 

.12 

.04 

.03 

.00 

7.81 

14.84 

14.40 

11.42 

9.59 

8.85 

7.67 

6.47 

5.63 

8.87 

8.78 

2.15 

2.23 

.87 

.71 

.25 

.27 

.07 

.07 

.08 

.02 

.00 

6-9 

9.81 

10-14 

17.56 

1&-19 

16.84 

20-24 

11.07 

26-29 ;■ 

7.43 

80-84 

6.40 

85-39 ' 

C.82 

40-44 

6.32 

46-49 '" 

6.50 

50-M 

8.79 

66-69 ;*" 

3.36 

60-64 

1.88 

66-69 '  * 

1.98 

70-74 ::: 

.73 

76-79 : 

.73 

80-M 

.27 

86-89 * 

.27 

90-91 •■ 

.06 

96-99 *  " 

.09 

100  + **• 

.04 

Total 

.02 
.01 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

-  - 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AGE. 


91 


In  proportion  of  children  under  15,  Santiago  and  Puerto  Principe 
ranked  first  and  second,  and  the  city  of  Habana  ranked  last,  or,  in  one 
next  to  the  last.     The  ratio  of  children  under  15  to  the  total 


case. 


population  varies,  in  close  agreement  with  the  median  age,  as  follows; 


Province. 


Santiago 

Puerto  Principe 

Pinardel  Rio 

Santa  Clara 

Habana  (exclusive  of  city) 

Matanzax 

Habana  (city) 


Mediau 
age. 


18.0 
18.1 
19.3 
21.0 
21.4 
22.0 
24.8 


Ratio  of 
children 
0-16  to 
total  pop- 
ulation. 


43.0 
42.8 
39.4 
86.1 
84.1 
^.8 
28.0 


A  powerful  and  usually  a  controlling  influence  in  detennining  the 
median  or  average  age  is  the  proportion  of  children. 

Puerto  Principe  had  the  largest  proportion  of  children  under  5, 
suggesting  that  it  may  have  suffered  least  fi*om  recent  disorders. 
From  5  to  15  years  of  age  the  maximum  was  in  Santiago,  pointing  to  a 
high  birth  rate  under  ordinary  conditions  in  that  province.  From  20 
to  50  years  of  age  the  maximum  was  uniformly  in  the  city  of  Habana; 
from  50  to  80,  in  Matanzas. 

The  smallest  proportion  of  very  young  children  was  found  in  Habana 
proWnce  outside  the  capital.  Of  children  5-19  years  old  there  were 
fewest  in  Habana  city;  of  young  adults  20-34  yeai^s  old,  fewest  in 
Puerto  Principe;  of  adults  35-79,  fewest  in  Pinar  del  Rio.  The  small 
ratio  of  adults  20-35  years  old  in  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago  may 
possibly  be  an  echo  of  a  lowered  birth  rate  during  the  ten  years' 
war,  1868-1878,  which  was  confined  for  the  most  part  to  the  eastern 
provinces. 

All  the  provinces  showed  a  much  smaller  number  of  children  under  5 
than  of  those  between  5  and  10.  Perhaps  the  best  measure  of  relative 
loss  of  infant  life  during  the  past  five  years  is  found  by  computing 
the  per  cent  by  which  the  number  of  children  under  5  fell  below  that 
between  5  and  10.     This  is  given  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 


Per  cent  bv 
which  chil- 
dren 0-4  fall 
below  that 
5-9. 


Habana  city 

Puerto  Principe 

Matanzas 

Pinar  del  Rio 

Cuba 

Santiago 

Habana  (excluding  city) 
Santa  Clara 


26.9 
32.6 
40.7 
41.8 
42.1 
44.1 
46.5 
4«.9 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


92 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


The  number  of  children  in  the  fii*8t  five  years  of  life  was  uniformly 
below  that  in  the  next  five-year  period,  and  the  deficiency  ranged  from 
one-fourth  in  Ilabana  city  to  nearly  one-half  in  Santa  Clara.  The 
three  provinces  which  apparently  suflfered  most  were  Santiago,  Santa 
Clara,  and  Habana  outside  the  capital.  It  is  likely  that  the  apparent 
losses  in  the  capital  were  decreased  and  those  in  the  vicinity  increased 
by  the  removal  of  families  containing  childi-en  from  the  rural  districts 
to  the  protection  of  the  city.  These  losses  probably  are  the  result  of 
a  much  lower  birth  rate  and  a  much  higher  infant  death  rate  during 
the  past  five  years. 

It  may  ])e  possible  to  derive  from  the  figures  for  children  under  5 
further  light  regarding  the  provinces  which  suflfered  most  at  various 
periods.  The  following  talJe  has  been  prepared  by  finding  the  ratio 
of  children  of  each  year  of  age  under  5  to  the  total  under  5. 


Province. 


Habana  (excluding  city). 

Habana  city 

Matanzas 

PinardelRlo 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clam 

Santiago 


16.6 
16.8 
17.4 
22.1 
18.3 
lf».0 
21.7 


12.2 
16.4 
11.8 
11.5 
13.6 
11.9 
18.7 


2-3. 


18.4 
19.8 
18.4 
16.6 
19.3 
19.0 
16.5 


8-4. 


23.8 
23.4 
24.2 
22.6 
23.6 
24.5 
21.4 


4-6. 


29.0 
24.6 
28.2 
27.2 
25.3 
29.6 
26.7 


O-L 


100.00 
100.00 
100.  (» 
100.00 

100.  m 

100.  (M 
100.  uo 


Of  the  children  ])orn  l)etween  October,  1898,  and  October,  1899, 
there  was  the  smallest  proportion  in  Santa  Clara  and  the  largest  in  Pinar 
del  Rio.  Of  the  children  1  and  2  years  old  Habana  city  had  the  most 
relatively  to  the  other  provinces  and  Pinar  del  Rio  the  fewest.  Of 
those  born  in  the  last  months  of  1894,  in  1895,  and  1896  Santa  Claiu 
had  most.  Of  those  3  years  old  the  fewest  were  in  Santiago,  and  of 
those  4  years  old  the  fewest  in  Habana  city. 

The  last  Cuban  revolution  began  early  in  1895  and  during  that  year 
seems  to  have  centered  in  Santiago  province.  In  the  fall  of  1895  the 
revolutionists  advanced  into  the  western  provinces,  and  during  1896 
militaiy  operations  apparently  centered  in  the  western  part  of  the 
island,  notably  Pinar  del  Rio.  After  the  death  of  Maceo  in  December, 
1896,  Santa  Clara  was  perhaps  the  center  of  operations.  The  Spanish 
policy  of  concentration  began  early  in  1896.  These  facts  may  be  con- 
nected with  those  shown  in  the  preceding  table.  It  indicates  that  the 
birth  i-ate  in  Santiago  was  probably  abnormally  low  in  1896  and  1897, 
that  in  Pinar  del  Rio  was  relatively  lowest  in  1897  and  1898,  while 
that  of  Santa  Clara  was  at  its  minimum  in  1899. 

A(/e  and  sex, — The  median  age  of  the  two  sexes  in  Cuba  compared 
with  that  in  Porto  Rico  and  the  United  States  was  as  follows: 


Country. 

Date. 

Median  age  of— 

Excess  of— 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Cuba           

1899 
1800 
1800 

21.7 
17.6 
22.8 

20.1 
18.7 
21.5 

•1.6 

Porto  Rico 

1.1 

DniltHl  suites 

.8 

^   _  ^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AGE. 


93 


The  males  were  four  years  older  in  Cuba  than  in  Porto  Rico,  but 
about  seven  and  one-half  months  younger  than  in  the  United  States. 
The  females  were  not  quite  seventeen  months  older  than  in  Porto  Rico, 
but  were  seventeen  months  younger  than  in  the  United  Statas.  The 
males  were  nineteen  months  older  than  the  females,  while  in  the  United 
States  the  difference  was  only  half  as  great,  and  in  Porto  Rico  the 
females  were  thirteen  months  older.  The  greater  age  of  males  is  made 
clear  by  the  following  table,  in  which  the  ratio  of  the  total  number 
of  each  sex  in  a  given  decennial  age  group  to  the  total  population  of 
that  sex  b  stated. 

Age  compoailifni  of  male  ami  female  population  of  Cuba  by  decennial  jteriods. 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  of  all  In  sex 
named  who  belong 
to  age  period  stated. 

Excess  of— 

Halee. 

Females. 

23.3 

26.6 

18.2 

13.3 

8.5 

5.5 

3.0 

1.1 

.4 

.1 

.0 

Males. 

Females. 

0-9 

22.2 

24.1 

18.7 

14.5 

9.9 

6.1 

8.1 

1.0 

.3 

.1 

.0 

1.1 
2.5 

10-19 

20-29 

.5 
1.2 
1.4 
.6 
.1 

80-39 

40-49 

60-59 

60-69 

70-79.        .   .                     ... 

.1 
.1 
.0 

80-«9 

90-99 

100+ 

This  table  shows  that  the  relative  number  of  females  was  greatest  at 
the  extremes  of  age  0-19  and  70+,  while  during  the  years  20-69  males 
were  more  numerous.  The  absolute  numbers  for  each  sex  in  these 
three  age  groups  0-19,  20-69,  and  70+  are  given  below. 


Sex. 

Age  period. 

0-19. 

20-69. 

70  +  . 

Males 

877,435 
377,636 

426,300 
367,663 

11,413    1 

Femedes 

12, 265    ! 

At  the  two  extremes  of  life  there  were  more  female  than  male 
Cubans  by  over  1,000,  but  during  the  working  years  20-69  there  were 
nearly  60,000  more  males  than  females.  To  the  great  excess  of  males 
at  those  years  must  be  attributed  the  higher  median  age  of  the  males 
in  Cuba.  The  excess  of  females  in  the  group  70+  may  be  actual  or 
simply  reported;  that  is,  it  may  be  due  either  to  a  lower  mortality 
and  longer  lifetime  or  to  greater  errors  in  the  reports  from  females. 
Such  errora  manifest  themselves  not  merely,  as  already  explained,  in 
concentration  on  round  numbers,  but  also  among  old  persons  in  exag- 
geration of  the  true  age.  It  is  of  importance,  therefore,  to  ascertain 
whether  concentration  on  round  numbers  is  more  common  among 
males  or  among  females. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


94 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Following  the  method  already  explained,  the  table  below  give.s  the 
proportion  of  each  sex  at  each  quinquennial  period: 

Age  composUion  of  male  and  female  population  by  quinquennial  periods. 


Age  period. 

Per  cei 
Males. 

itof— 

Females. 

8.58 

14.69 

14.21 

12.37 

9.76 

8.47 

7.23 

6.04 

5.02 

3.53 

8.53 

1.92 

2.18 

.85 

.79 

.29 

.31 

.09 

.09 

.03 

.02 

.00 

0-4  

8.09 

14.08 

13.79 

10.35 

9.69 

8.98 

7.85 

6.61 

5.82 

4.07 

8.79 

2.35 

2.20 

.93 

.71 

.26 

.24 

.06 

.07 

.08 

.02 

.01 

6-9 

10-14 

15-19 

20-24 

25-29 

30-34     

35-39 

40-44.          

45-49 

60-64             

66-59 

60-64..              

65-69 

70-74 

75-79 

80-84 

85-89 

90-94 

96-99 

100+ 

UnkDown  ........... . ,,,..,,, ^- 

Total 

100.00 

lOO.OO 

An  examination  of  this  table  shows  no  conspicuous  diiference 
between  the  two  sexes  until  about  the  age  of  45,  but  from  that  age 
on  the  decrease  in  the  column  for  males  is  more  regular  than  that  in 
the  column  for  females.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  greater  frequency 
with  which  the  ages  of  elderly  women  were  reported  as  multiples  of 
10.  The  difference  between  the  two  is  made  more  visible  by  the  fol- 
lowing table.  The  method  employed  in  its  preparation  has  been 
already  explained. 

Per  cent  tluU  popukUion  in  each  quinquennial  period  makes  of  the  arithmetical  mean  of 
population  in  the  next  younger  and  next  older  jicriods. 


Age  period. 

Males. 

Females. 

26-29 

102.4 
100.3 

96.7 
109.0 

84.7 
118.1 

78.5 
lU.  2 

63.9 
119.3 

64.7 
150.0 

98.8 

80-34 

100.2 

85-39 

98.6 

40-44 

104.9 

45-49 

82.6 

50-64 

129  5 

66-59 

67.3 

60-64 

157.4 

65-69 . 

57.2 

70-74 A 

138.6 

76-79 

52.7 

80-84 

163.2 

Prior  to  the  age  of  45  no  uniform  difference  between  the  two  sexes 
clearly  appears,  but  after  that  the  excess  in  periods  including  a 
multiple  of  10  and  the  shortage  in  the  intervening  periods  are  much 
more  marked  among  women  than  among  men. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AGE.  95 

Corroborative  evidence  may  be  found  in  examining  which  sex  was 
more  fond  of  reporting  the  age  as  exactly  20.  In  a  stationary  popu- 
lation about  20.3  per  cent  of  all  persons  between  20  and  25  are  actually 
20,  but  in  Cuba  25  per  cent  of  the  males  and  27.8  per  cent  of  the 
females  20-24  reported  themselves  as  20.  This  seems  to  show  a 
decidedly  greater  error  among  females,  but  there  are  many  foreign- 
era  in  Cuba  belonging  to  this  age  period  and  the  large  majority  are 
males.  As  they  belong  mainly  to  the  later  years  of  the  period,  it  may 
be  fairer  to  exclude  them  from  the  comparison.  Among  the  colored 
and  native  white  males  20-24,  27.1  per  cent  were  reported  as  20,  but 
among  the  females  of  these  classes  the  per  cent  was  28.  It  appears 
that  women's  tendency  to  answer  in  round  numbers  even  at  this  age  is 
a  very  little  higher  than  men's. 

One  may  safely  conclude  that  erroneous  statements  of  age,  at  le^st 
after  middle  life^  ^jre  more  ^opininn  Among  Cuiiji  woulen.  "Where 
errore  of  age  occur  during  the  later  years,  they  are  likely  to  exag- 
gerate the  real  age.  For  example,  in  the  United  States  in  1890 
among  every  100,000  colored  128  claimed  to  be  90  years  old  or  more, 
but  among  every  100,000  native  whites  of  native  parents  only  45 
claimed  to  be  90  or  more,  yet  the  whites  certainly  live  longer.  As 
elderly  Cuban  women  are  more  prone  to  report  their  ages  in  multiples 
of  10,  so  they  are  probably  more  prone  to  exaggerate  their  age,  and 
part  of  the  high  proportion  of  women  70  years  old  or  more  may  be 
thus  explained.  At  the  same  time,  as  general  experience  testifies  to 
a  somewhat  lower  mortality  of  women  in  civilized  countries,  the  greater 
proportion  of  women  in  the  later  ages  may  probably  be  accepted  as 
correct,  although  the  census  figures  exaggerate  the  difference. 

Referring  to  the  table  in  which  the  age  composition  of  the  sexes  is 
given  by  five-year  periods  (p.  94),  one  notices  a  striking  difference  in 
the  proportion  of  males  and  of  females  belonging  to  the  age  period 
15-19.  The  proportion  of  females  in  that  period  was  more  than  2  per 
cent  higher  than  the  proportion  of  males,  while  in  all  other  cases  the 
proportions  of  the  sexes  differed  by  less  than  1  per  cent.  This  is  true 
not  merely  of  the  proportions,  but  also  the  absolute  numbers.  In  this 
age  period  there  were  nearly  10,000  (9,343)  more  females  than  males, 
while  in  every  other  five-year  period  under  70  the  males  outnumbered 
the  females.  It  is  obvious  that  such  a  massing  of  the  females  in  the 
age  period  15-19  is  highly  improbable.  The  most  simple  explanation 
is  that  for  some  reason  a  considerable  number  of  males  belonging  to 
that  age  period  reported  themselves  at  other  ages,  or  that  a  considerable 
number  of  females  belonging  to  other  age  periods  reported  themselves 
as  in  this  period.  The  same  difference  occurs  in  the  United  States, 
where  the  age  period  15-19  is  the  only  five-year  period  under  80  in 
which  the  females  outnumbered  the  males.  The  phenomenon,  how- 
ever, is  much  more  marked  in  Cuba  than  in  the  United  States.     In 


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96  REPOBT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

Cuba  there  were  1,111  females  to  every  1,000  males  15-19,  while  in  the 
United  States  there  were  only  1,019  females  to  1,000  males  in  the  same 
age  period.  Probably  the  most  effectual  cause  is  the  transfer  of  women 
really  belonging  to  other  age  periods  into  this.  As  the  five-year 
period  in  the  tables  is  divided  into  two  parts,  one  may  probe  the  ques- 
tion a  little  more  closely.  In  the  two  years  18-19  there  were  1,056 
females  to  1,000  males,  while  in  the  three  years  15-17  there  were 
1,150  females  to  1,000  males.  Hence  it  is  the  earlier  period  in  which 
the  difference  is  especially  manifest,  although  it  clearly  appears  in 
both.  The  actual  concentration  is  much  greater  than  the  apparent, 
since  there  belong  to  this  period  about  5,000  more  foreign  white  males 
than  foreign  white  females.  It  may  be  noticed  that  in  the  English 
figures  a  similar  concentration  of  women  has  been  pointed  out, 
although  the  ages  there  favored  fall  into  the  next  quinquennial  period, 
20-24.  The  concentration  of  colored  in  these  ages  was  far  greater 
than  of  the  native  white  and  the  concentration  in  all  Cuba  far  greater 
than  in  the  city  of  Habana. 

NATIVITY   AND   RACE. 

<The  native  whites  constituted  57.8  per  cent,  or  considerably  more 
than  one-half  of  the  population  of  Cuba.  The  foreign  whites  consti- 
tuted but  9  per  cent;  the  colored,  including  the  negro  and  mixed  ele- 
ments, amounted  only  to  32  per  cent,  or  less  than  one-third,  while 
the  proportion  of  Chinese  was  trifling,  being  less  than  1  per  cent. 

In  every  province  the  native  whites  formed  a  majority  of  the  popu- 
lation, but  in  the  city  of  Habana,  owing  to  the  large  element  of  foreign 
birth,  they  formed  a  trifle  less  than  one-half,  or  49  per  cent.  The  pro- 
portion of  native  whites  was  greatest  in  the  province  of  Puerto  Prin- 
cipe, the  sparsely  settled,  pastoral  province,  where  it  reached  75.2  per 
cent,  or  more  than  three-fourths  of  all  the  inhabitants.  It  was  next 
largest  in  Pinar  del  Rio,  which  is  mainly  a  farming  province,  where  it 
reached  66.5  per  cent,  or  nearly  two-thirds.  Santa  Clara  had  60  per 
c^nt,  Habana,  57.3  per  cent,  and  Matanzajs  had  50.7  per  cent,  or  but  a 
trifle  more  than  one-half. 

The  propoi-tion  of  the  foreign  born  ranged  from  4  per  cent  in  San- 
tiago to  16.2  in  Habana  province,  and  even  to  22.4  per  cent  in  Habana 
city.  Between  a  fourth  and  a  fifth  of  the  population  of  Habana  city 
was  of  foreign  birth.  Puerto  Principe  had  a  very  small  foreign  ele- 
ment, and  in  Matanzas  and  Pinar  del  Rio  it  was  by  no  means  large. 
The  colored  element,  including  the  negro  and  mixed  I'aces,  ranged 
from  20  per  cent  in  Puerto  Principe  up  to  45  per  cent  in  Santiago. 
It  was  large  in  Matanzas,  reaching  40  per  cent,  was  30  per  cent  in 
Santa  Clara,  27  per  cent  in  Pinar  del  Rio,  and  26  per  cent  in  Habana 
Province,  while  the  proportion  in  Habana  city  was  27.3  per  cent. 

The  Chinese  did  not  form  an  element  of  importance  in  ^ny  of  the 


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RAGE. 


97 


provinces,  but  were  most  numerous  in  Matanzas,  where  tliey  formed 
2.1  per  cent  of  the  population. 

In  all  of  the  censuses  of  Cuba  since  and  including  that  of  1774,  the 
distinction  of  white  and  colored  has  been  made,  and  the  latter  have  been 
distinguished  as  free  and  slave  up  to  the  time  of  the  abolition  of 
slavery. 

The  f ollow.ing  table  shows  the  numbers  and  proportions  of  white  and 
colored  in  Cuba,  as  shown  by  each  census.  As  the  Chinese  have  been 
by  the  Spanish  censuses  classed  with  whites,  they  are  so  classed  here 
in  the  census  of  1899,  for  pui-poses  of  comparison: 


Ceosos. 

Whites. 

Colored. 

Number. 

Percent- 
age. 

Namber. 

Percent- 
age. 

1776 

96,440 

163,560 

267.880 

311,061 

418,291 

793.484 

1,023,394 

1.102,889 

1,007,354 

56.2 
66.4 
45.0 
44.2 
41.6 
66.8 
67.8 
67.6 
67.9 

75,180 
118, 741 
314,983 
898,436 
689.333 
603.046 
485,897 
528,798 
506,443 

43.8 
43.6 
66.0 
65.8 
68.5 
43.2 
82.2 
32.4 
82.1 

1792 

1817 

1827 

1841 

1861 

1877 

1887  

1899 

The  table  shows  that  the  number  of  whites  has  steadily  increased  up 
to  the  last  census,  which  shows  a  diminution  of  35,535  from  that  of 
1887.  The  colored  increased  up  to  1861.  In  1877  there  was  a  decided 
decrease  of  117,149.  In  1887  there ^as  an  increase  of  42,901,  followed 
by  a  decrease  of  23,355  in  1899. 

In  proportion  of  total  population  it  will  suffice  to  trace  the  history 
of  one  element  only— the  colored — starting  a  centuiy  and  a  quarter 
ago  with  43.8  per  cent  of  the  population.  The  proportion  diminished 
slightly  in  the  succeeding  eighteen  years.  But  between  1792  and  1817 
it  increased  greatly,  the  colored  becoming  largely  in  the  majority,  with 
the  proportion  of  55.0  colored  to  45.0  white.  A  trifling  diminution 
followed  in. 1827,  succeeded  by  an  increase  in  1841,  when  the  propor- 
tion of  colored  reached  its  maximum,  with  58.5  per  cent.  Since  then 
it  diminished  rapidly  and  in  1861  was  but  43.2  per  cent,  leaving  the 
whites  largely  in  the  majority  again.  In  1877  it  again  diminished, 
this  time  to  32.2,  or  less  than  one-third  of  the  population,  since  which 
time  it  has  not  changed  materially. 

The  reason  for  the  great  increase  in  number  and  proportion  of  the 

colored  nptO^^^    J^  dr>nbtlAfla   fh()  fflptinnpH    impnrtjiHnn  ni  hlf^r^cs 

from  Africa,  which  peraisted,  in  the  form  of  smuggling,  long  after 
its  official  prohibition.  Their  diminution  relative  to  the  whites,  dur- 
ing the  last  half  century,  is  doubtless  but  another  illustration  of  the 
inability  of  an  inferior  race  to  hold  its  own  in  competition  with  a 
superior  one,  a  truth  which  is  being  demonstrated  on  a  much  larger 
scale  in  the  United  States. 
24662 7 


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98 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


From  the  earliest  times  of  which  we  have  statistical  record  there 
have  been  large  numbers  of  free  negroes  on  the  island,  and  they 
existed  there  in  varying  numbers  and  proportions  up  to  the  time  of 
emancipation.  The  following  table  shows  the  numbers  and  propor- 
tions of  the  free  and  slave  population  at  each  census  from  1774  to 
1877: 


Cenfliu. 

Free  colored. 

Slaves! 

Number. 

Percent- 
age. 

Number.   1  ^j^^^ 

1775 , 

80,847 
54,151 
115,691 
106.494 
152,838 
225.843 
272,478 

41.0 
45.6 
86.7 
27.1 
25.9 
87.4 
55.7 

44,888 
64,590 
199,292 
286,942 
486,495 
877,208 
199,094 

59.0 
54.4 
68.3 
72.9 
74.1 
62.9 
44.8 

1792 

1817 

1827 

1841 

1861 

1877 

With  the  exception  of  the  census  of  1827,  the  free  colored  increased 
numerically  at  each  census,  and  in  1877  were  nine  times  as  numerous 
as  in  1774.  The  slaves  showed  a  rapid  numerical  increase  up  to  1841, 
and  since  that  time  an  equally  rapid  reduction  in  numbers,  a  move- 
ment doubtless  dependent  upon  the  importation  of  slaves. 

The  total  foreign  born  numbered  172,636,  of  which  142,153,  includ- 
ing 66  unknown,  or  82.5  per  cent,  were  white,  and  30,382,  or  17.6  per 
cent,  were  colored.  This  included  14,614  Chinese,  leaving  15,768 
foreign-born  negroes  and  mixed  bloods. 

Of  the  total  foreign  born  129,240  were  bom  in  Spain.  These  formed 
74.9  per  cent,  or  very  nearly  three-fourths  of  all  the  foreign  bom. 
The  next  largest  contributor  to  the  foreign-bom  population  was  China, 
whose  natives  altogether  numbered  14,863,  or  8.6  per  cent  of  the 
foreign  element.  Next  to  them  were  natives  of  Africa,  nearly  all  of 
whom  were  negroes,  numbering  12,953,  or  7.5  per  cent  of  the  foreign 
bom.  Following  these  in  numbers  were  natives  of  the  United 
States,  most  of  them  whites,  numbering  6,444,  or  3.7  per  cent  of  the 
foreign  born.  No  other  country  contributed  to  this  element  to  the 
extent  of  even  1  per  cent.  Even  the  neighboring  island  of  Porto  Rico 
contributed  only  1,108,  and  all  of  the  other  West  Indies  together  only 
1,712.  South  America  contributed  only  752  and  Central  America  108, 
while  Mexico,  although  a  near  neighbor,  contributed  only  1,108  per- 
sons. Altogether  these  closely  neighboring  Spanish  speaking  coun- 
tries contributed  only  4,788  persons,  or  less  than  3  per  cent  of  the 
foreign  element,  a  fact  which  speaks  volumes  for  the  sedentary  char- 
acter of  this  people.  All  Europe  contributed  only  3,568,  or  about  2 
per  cent  of  the  foreign  element,  and  only  a  little  more  than  half  as 
many  as  the  United  States  contributed. 

The  fact  has  already  been  stated  that  of  the  foreign  colored,  num- 
bering 30,382,  14,614  were  Chinese,  leaving  15,768  negro  and  mixed 
bloods.  Of  this  number  no  fewer  than  12,897,  or  more  than  four- 
fifths,  came  from  Africa,  the  source  of  the  remainder  being  widely 


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NATIVITY. 


99 


scattered.  These  African  negroes  are  nearly  all  of  advanced  age, 
indicating  that  they  constitute  the  last  remnant  of  imported  African 
slaves. 

Again,  while  among  the  foreign  born,  taken  generally,  males  far 
outnumber  females,  in  a  relation  of  about  four  to  one,  it  appears  that 
among  the  immigrants  from  the  West  Indies,  South  and  Central 
America,  and  Mexico  the  nimiber  of  females  is  about  equal  to  that  of 
males;  indeed,  among  those  from  Mexico  the  number  of  females  out- 
numbers that  of  males  greatly. 

The  distribution  of  the  foreign  born  between  city  and  country  is 
much  the  same  as  in  the  United  States.  The  foreign-bom  element, 
consisting  mainly  of  persons  of  Spanish  birth,  congregates  in  the  cities 
much  more  than  in  the  country,  and  among  the  cities  it  affects  the 
larger  in  preference  to  the  smaller.  In  the  city  of  Habana,  the  largest 
and  most  important  of  the  island,  is  found  the  greatest  disproportion- 
ate number  of  foreign  born.  Out  of  the  total  foreign-born  white 
element  of  the  island,  numbering  172,535, 52,901,  or  nearly  one-third, 
were  found  in  the  city  of  Habana.  These  constituted  22.4  per  cent  of 
the  entire  population  of  the  city. 

In  the  smaller  cities,  including  all  those  down  to  a  population  of 
10,000,  taken  as  a  whole,  the  proportion  of  the  foreign  element  was 
9.2  per  cent,  while  in  the  remainder  of  the  island,  including  the  rural 
districts  and  all  cities  having  a  population  less  than  10,000,  the  propor- 
tion of  the  foreign  born  was  but  6.1  per  cent. 

While  the  proportion  of  foreign  bom  in  the  cities  having  a  popula- 
tion above  10,000,  but  excluding  Habana,  was  9.2  per  cent,  this  pro- 
f)ortion  ranged  widely  among  the  different  cities,  being  generally,  but 
not  invariably,  greater  where  the  population  was  greater,  and  less 
where  it  was  smaller.  Seacoast  cities,  as  a  rule,  had  a  larger  propor- 
tion than  inland  cities,  for  obvious  reasons.  The  following  table  gives, 
for  the  cities  of  10,000  inhabitants  or  more,  the  total  population,  the 
foreign-born  population,  and  the  proportion  which  the  latter  bears  to 
the  former. 

F&reignrbom  population  of  cities. 


aues. 


Habana 

Santiago 

Matanzas 

Cienfuegofl 

Puerto  Principe 

Cardenas 

Manzanillo 

Guanabacoa .... 

Santa  Clara 

BagusL  la  Qrande 
Sancti  Spiritus  . 

Regla 

Trinidad 

Pinardel&io... 


Total  pop- 
ulation. 


235,981 
43,090 
36,374 
90,038 
25,102 
21,940 
14.464 
18,965 
18,768 
12,728 
12,696 
11.863 
11,120 
8,880 


Foreign 
bom. 


52,901 
8,440 
8,644 
8,485 
1,288 
2,081 

919 
1,091 

915 
1,137 

891 
1,666 

247 
1,024 


Percent- 
age 
foreign 
bom. 


22.4 
8.5 

10.0 

11.6 
5.1 
9.5 
6.8 
7.8 
6.6 
9.0 
3.1 

14.7 
2.2 

11.5 


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NATIVITY. 


99 


scattered.  The«e  African  negroes  are  nearly  all  of  advanced  age, 
indicating  that  they  constitute  the  last  remnant  of  imported  African 
slaves. 

Again,  while  among  the  foreign  born,  taken  generally,  males  far 
outnumber  females,  in  a  relation  of  about  four  to  one,  it  appears  that 
among  the  immigrants  from  the  West  Indies,  South  and  Central 
America,  and  Mexico  the  number  of  females  is  about  equal  to  that  of 
males;  indeed,  among  those  from  Mexico  the  number  of  females  out- 
numbers that  of  males  greatly. 

The  distribution  of  the  foreign  born  between  city  and  countiy  is 
much  the  same  as  in  the  United  States.  The  foreign-bom  element, 
consisting  mainly  of  persons  of  Spanish  birth,  congregates  in  the  cities 
much  more  than  in  the  country,  and  among  the  cities  it  affects  the 
larger  in  preference  to  the  smaller.  In  the  city  of  Habana,  the  largest 
and  most  important  of  the  island,  is  found  the  greatest  disproportion- 
ate number  of  foreign  born.  Out  of  the  total  foreign-born  white 
clement  of  the  island,  numbering  172,535,  52,901,  or  nearly  one-third, 
were  found  in  the  city  of  Habana.  These  constituted  22.4  per  e«nt  of 
the  entire  population  of  the  city. 

In  the  smaller  cities,  including  all  those  down  to  a  population  of 
10,000,  taken  as  a  whole,  the  proportion  of  the  foreign  element  was 
9.2  per  cent,  while  in  the  remainder  of  the  island,  including  the  rural 
districts  and  all  cities  having  a  population  less  than  10,000,  the  propor- 
tion of  the  foreign  born  was  but  6.1  per  cent. 

While  the  proportion  of  foreign  born  in  the  cities  having  a  popula- 
tion above  10,000,  but  excluding  Habana,  was  9.2  per  cent,  this  pro- 
portion ranged  widely  among  the  different  cities,  being  generally,  but 
not  invariably,  greater  where  the  population  was  greater,  and  less 
where  it  was  smaller.  Seacoast  cities,  as  a  rule,  had  a  larger  propor- 
tion than  inland  cities,  for  obvious  reasons.  The  following  table  gives, 
for  the  cities  of  10,000  inhabitants  or  more,  the  total  population,  the 
foreign-born  population,  and  the  proportion  which  the  latter  bears  to 

the  fonner. 

Foreign-bom  pojmkUion  of  cUies. 


Habana  

Santiago 

Matanzas 

Clenf  iiegos 

Puerto  Principe , 

Cardenas 

Manzanillo 

Qiianabacoa 

Santa  Clara 

Sogua  la  Grande 
Sanctl  Spiritua  . 

Regla , 

Trinidad 

PiuardclRio.... 


235,981 
43,090 
36,374 
30,038 
25,102 
21,940 
14,464 
13,965 
13,768 
12,728 
12,696 
11,363 
11,120 
8,880 


52,901 
8,440 
8,644 
8,485 
1,283 
2,081 

919 
1,091 

915 
1,137 

891 
1,666 

247 
1,024 


Percent- 1 
age      I 
foreign 
bom. 


22.4 
8.5 

10.0 

11.6 
5.1 
9.5 
6.8 
7.8 
6.6 
9.0 
8.1 

14.7 
2.2 

11.6 


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CITIZENSHIP. 


101 


The  population  of  the  island,  as  a  whole,  is  classified  as  above  out- 
lined in  the  first  table,  and  in  succeeding  tables  the  population  of  each 
province  and  of  the  city  of  Habana  are  similarly  classified. 


TOTAL  OF  THE   ISLAND. 


OUizenahip,  lUeracyy  and  education. 


All 
classes. 

Whites 

bom  in 

Cuba. 

Whites 
bom  in 
Spain. 

Whites 

bora  in 

other 

countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age 

417,993 

187,813 

96,068 

6,794 

127,298 

Cuban  citizens 

290,906 

1^471 

142 

78 

106,214 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

172,027 
4,182 

106,286 
8,861 

94,801 
2,069 

79,462 
8,629 

84 

18 
1 

89 
25 

78,279 

Oaii  r^ftd  but  cah  not  writG 

2,042 

Can  read  and  write 

99 
9 

26,695 

With  superior  education 

198 

Spanish  citizens » r 

9,600 

144 

9,841 

6 

9 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

1,149 
108 

7,929 
814 

18 

2 

106 

19 

1,126 
106 

7,816 
293 

1 

4 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

8 
2 

5 

With  sunerior  education 

Citizens  in  suspense « 

76,660 

1,296 

75,249 

87 

87 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

16,946 

868 
66,704 
2,162 

812 

18 

861 

106 

16,690 

837 

66,771 

2,061 

7 
1 

24 
6 

86 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

2 

Can  read  and  write 

48 

With  superior  education 

1 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens 

40,919 

1,902 

11,866 

6,678 

20,988 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

26,641 

293 

11,914 

2,071 

191 

8 

1,162 

661 

7,434 

158 

8,682 

87 

872 

84 

4,877 

1,890 

18,144 
96 

Can  read  and  write 

2,708 

With  superior  education 

48 

The  total  number  of  males  of  voting  age  in  Cuba  was  417,993,  or 
26  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  This  is  a  little  less  than  the  pro- 
portion, in  1890,  in  the  United  States,  where  it  was  27  per  cent.  The 
excess  of  males  of  all  ages  in  Cuba  is  somewhat  greater  than  in  the 
United  States. 

Classifying  the  potential  voters  of  Cuba  by  birthplace  and  race,  it 
is  seen  that  44.9  per  cent  were  whites,  bom  in  Cuba;  that  30.5  per  cent 
were  colored,  and  as  nearly  all  the  colored  were  bom  in  the  island  it  is 
seen  that  fully  seven-tenths  of  the  potential  voters  of  Cuba  were  native 
bom,  23  per  cent  were  bom  in  Spain,  and  1.6  per  cent  in  other 
countries. 

Classifying  the  whole  number  of  potential  voters  by  citizenship,  it 
is  seen  from  the  following  table  that  70  per  cent  were  Cuban  citizens, 
2  per  cent  were  Spanish  citizens,  18  per  cent  were  holding  their  citi- 
zenship in  suspense,  and  10  per  cent  were  citizens  of  other  countries, 
or  their  citizenship  was  unknown. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


102 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 
Citizenship  of  males  £1  years  of  age  and  over  in  Cuba, 


GitUenahlp. 

Number. 

Per  cent  of 

total  males 

21  years  of 

age  and 

over. 

Cuban 

290,905 
9,500 
76,669 
40,919 

70 
2 

18 
10 

Spanish 

In  suspense 

Foreign  or  unknown 

Total 

417,998 

100 

The  degree  of  illiteracy  of  these  classes  was  as  follows: 

Clticenahlp. 

Unable  to 
read. 

Citicenship. 

Unable  to 
read. 

Cuban .; 

Percent. 
59 
12 

In  suspense..- - 

Percent 
22 

8pftnl#b 

Foreign  or  un 

Icnown 

65 

The  Cuban  citizens,  numbering  290,905,  were  composed  almost 
entirely  of  persons  bom  in  Cuba,  there  being  among  them  but  220 
white  persons,  and  probably  not  more  colored,  of  alien  birth.  The 
white  Cuban  citizens,  who  were  natives  of  the  island,  numbered 
184,471,  and  of  these  94,301,  or  51  per  cent,  were  unable  to  read. 
The  colored  Cuban  citizens  numbered  106,214,  of  which  not  less  than 
78,279,  or  74  per  cent,  were  unable  to  read. 

The  people  of  Cuba  who  claimed  Spanish  citizenship  numbered 
9,500,  and  of  these  nearly  all  were  bom  in  Spain,  there  being  but  159 
bom  elsewhere. 

Those  whose  citizenship  was  in  suspense  numbered  76,669.  These 
also  were  nearly  all  of  Spanish  birth,  the  number  born  elsewhere 
being  but  1,420. 

The  number  of  persons  of  other  or  unknown  citizenship  was  40,919. 
Of  these,  fully  one-half  were  colored,  most  of  them  being  Chinese, 
and  much  the  larger  proportion  of  the  remaining  half  were  of  Spanish 
birth. 

Summing  up  the  situation,  it  appears  that  the  total  number  of  males 
of  voting  age  who  could  read  was  200,631,  a  little  less  than  half  the 
total  number  of  males  of  voting  age.  Of  these  22,629  were  of  Spanish 
or  other  foreign  citizenship  or  unknown  citizenship.  The  number 
whose  citizenship  was  in  suspense  was  59,724,  and  the  number  of 
Cuban  citizens  able  to  read  was  118,278,  or  59  per  cent  of  all  Cuban 
citizens  of  voting  age. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


CUBA 

BIRTHPLACE,  CITIZENSHIP  AND  ILLITERACY  OF  MALES 
OF  21  YEARS  AND  OVER 


WHITES  OF  CUBAN   BIRTH   AND  CUBAN  CITIZENSHIP 


[  I    WHITES   OF  CUBAN   BIRTH   AND  OTHER    CITIZENSHIP 

I  I     WHITES  OF  SPANISH   BIRTH,  CITIZENSHIP  IN    SUSPENSE 

[  I     WHITES  OF  SPANISH   BIRTH   AND  SPANISH  CITIZENSHIP 

ETJ     WHITES  OF  SPANISH  BIRTH   AND  OTHER  CITIZENSHIP 
I  J     WHITES  BORN   ELSEWHERE 

COLORED  OF  CUBAN  CITIZENSHIP 


COLORED  OF  OTHER  CITIZENSHIP 
ILLITERATE 


Digitized  by 


Google 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CITIZENSHIP. 

HABANA  (pBOVINCE). 

Citizenshipy  literacy j  and  education. 


103 


All 
classes. 

Whites 
bom  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
bom  in 
Spain. 

Whites 

bom  in 

other 

countries. 

Colored. 

Total  or  voting  age 

127,047 

62,621 

43,273 

3,499 

27,064 

Cuban  citizens 

73,939 

61,153 

36 

45 

22,705 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

30,345 
1,628 

37,669 
4,397 

16,898 

688 

29,265 

4,812 

4 

2 
1 

28 
14 

13,441 
839 

Can  read  bat  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

30 
2 

8,356 
69 

With  sapeiior  education. 

^^niffh  cf  tixeni* . 

4,718 

49 

4,661 

6 

8 

" 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

880 

62 

4,187 

149 

4 

874 

62 

4,096 

140 

1 

1 

Can  read,  bat  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

37 
8 

8 

1 

2 

With  superior  education 

Citixens  In  suspense 

39,207 

678 

38,471 

21 

87 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

6,442 

491 

*     31,174 

1,100 

129 

9 

469 

71 

6,300 

479 

30.669 

1,023 

2 

1 

13 
6 

11 

C^n  read,  but  can  not  write 

2 

Can  read'and  write 

23 

With  superior  education 

1 

FOTeign  and  unknown  citizens 

9,183 

741 

106 

3,428 

4,909 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

4,188 

67 

4,120 

818 

11 

1 
607 
222 

8 

248 

15 

2,688 

677 

3,921 
41 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

<>»)  read'and  write..      ..  ..  . 

88 
9 

937 

With  superior  education 

10 

HABANA   CXTY 

OUizenshipf  literacy,  and  education. 


All  classes. 

Whites 
bom  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
bom  in 
Spain. 

Whites 

bora  in 

other 

countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age ......»».. 

75,306 

23,790 

32,779 

2,787 

16,949 

Cnban  citizens 

85,460 

22,729 

23 

37 

12,671 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

8,804 

976 

22,790 

8,391 

2,666 

346 

16.607 

3.312 

1 

2 

6,736 
630 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read'and  write 

20 
2 

23 
12 

6,240 
66 

With  superior  education 

Spanish  citizens . . 

4,136 

39 

4,089 

6 

8 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

327 

62 

3,623 

134 

1 

3^1 
62 

8,688 
125 

1 

1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Oin  read  and  write  . 

30 

8 

3 

1 

2 

With  superior  education 

Citizens  in  suspense 

29,079 

450 

28,589 

15 

25 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 

8,215 

389 

24,681 

891 

37 

6 

347 

61 

3,170 

381 

24,211 

827 

1 
1 
8 
6 

7 

Can  read,  bat  can  not  write 

2 

Can  read'and  write 

15 

With  superior  education 

1 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens 

6,630 

672 

78 

2,780 

8,250 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

2,623 

48 

8,253 

706 

8 

1 

386 

177 

6 

139 

11 

2,067 

618 

2,470 

Can  read,  bnt  can  not  write 

86 

Can  read  and  write 

64 
8 

736 

With  superior  education  ............. 

8 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


104  REPORT   ON   THE   0EN8U8   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Of  the  gi'eater  subdivisions  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  Habana  city  con- 
tains the  largest  proportion  of  foreign  born,  both  as  to  total  of  popu- 
lation and  of  males  over  21  years  of  age.  The  total  number  of 
potential  voters  in  the  city  was  75,305,  or  32  per  cent  of  its  entire 
population,  a  very  large  proportion,  both  as  compared  with  the  entire 
island  and  with  the  United  States. 

This  number  of  potential  voters  was  composed,  first,  of  whites  born 
in  Cuba,  numbering  23,790,  or  32  per  cent  of  all.  Of  this  number, 
22,729,  or  96  per  cent,  were  Cuban  citizens.  The  remainder,  1,061, 
were  almost  all  in  suspense  as  to  citizenship,  or  were  citizens  of  coun- 
tries other  than  Cuba  or  Spain.  Only  39  native  white  Cubans  were 
Spanish  citizens. 

Second,  of  white  persons  born  in  Spain,  who  numbered  no  fewer 
than  32,779,  or  44  per  cent  of  all  males  of  voting  age,  a  much  larger 
number  and  proportion  than  the  Cuban  whites.  These  natives  of 
Spain  comprised  4,089  citizens  of  Spain  and  28,589  persons  whose  citi- 
zenship was  in  suspense.  Only  23  persons  of  Spanish  birth  were 
Cuban  citizens. 

Third,  of  whites  of  other  countries,  numbering  2,787,  or  4  per  cent 
Nearly  all  of  these  were  citizens  of  other  countries. 

Fourth,  colored,  who  numbered  15,959,  or  21  per  cent  of  the  males 
of  voting  age.  Of  this  number  12,671,  or  four-fifths,  were  Cuban 
citizens,  the  remainder  consisting  mainly  of  Chinese.  As  elsewhere 
in  the  island,  Cuban  citizens  of  Habana  city  were  confined  almost 
entirely  to  white  or  colored  natives  of  Cuba.  Their  total  number  was 
35,460,  or  47  per  cent,  less  than  one-half  of  all  males  of  voting  age. 
The  whites  among  them  numbered  22,729,  of  whom  only  2,565,  or  11 
per  cent,  were  illiterate.  The  colored  among  them  numbered  12,671, 
of  whom  5,736,  or  45  per  cent,  were  illiterate.  The  total  number  of 
illiterates  among  the  Cuban  citizens  of  the  city  was  8,304,  or  23  per 
cent,  leaving  as  the  total  number  of  literate  Cuban  citizens  of  voting 
age  27,156. 

The  citizens  of  Spain  in  the  city  numbered  4,136,  including  327 
illiterates  and  3,809  literates.  The  number  of  persons  whose  citizen- 
ship was  in  suspense  numbered  29,079,  composed  of  3,215  illiterates 
and  25,864  literates.  It  is  seen  that  in  case  all  those  who  were  in  sus- 
pense as  to  citizenship  should  declare  in  favor  of  Cuban  citizenship, 
they  would  still  be  outnumbered  slightly  by  the  native  literate  Cuban 
citizens  of  voting  age.  Those  of  foreign  or  unknown  citizenship  num- 
bered 6,630,  including  2,623  illiterates  and  4,007  literates. 

The  literate  Cuban  citizens  of  voting  age  formed  45  per  cent  of  all 
literates  of  voting  age. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CITIZENSHIP. 


105 


HABANA    PROVINCE    (EXCLUDING   CITY). 

CUizemhipf  literacy,  and  education. 


All 
classes. 

Whites 
bom  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
bom  in 
Spain. 

10,494 

Whites 

bom  in 

other 

countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age 

61,742 

28,831 

712 

11,706 

(■uhan  dtixCTM*.  -,,T,r 

88,479 

28,424 

IS 

8 

10,  OM 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

22,041 

663 

14,879 

1,006 

14,838 

12,748 
1,000 

8 

7,706 
209 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

i 

5 
2 

Can  read  and  write 

10 

2,116 

With  superior  education 

4 

Spanish  citizens 

b82 

10 

672 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

63 

3 

60 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write. 

614 
16 

7 

607 
15 

With  sunerior  education 

' 

1 

Citizens  in  suspense 

10,128 

228 

9,882 

6 

12 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

8,227 
102 

6,693 
206 

92 

4 

122 

10 

8,180 

98 

6,458 

196 

1 

4 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

6 

8 

With  superior  education 

FV^re^ffP  and  unVnown  citizens 

2,663 

169 

27  1               698  1              1,659 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

1,665 

9 

867 

112 

8 

2 

109 

4 

621 

64 

1,461 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

6 

Can  read  and  write 

m 

46 

24 
1 

201 

With  superior  education 

2 

The  total  namber  of  males  of  voting  age  was  51,742,  forming  27  per 
cent  of  ihe  population. 

This  number  was  composed,  first,  of  28,831  whiter  of  Cuban  birth, 
constituting  56  per  cent  of  all  males  of  voting  age.  All  of  these  were 
Cuban  citizens,  with  the  exception  of  407,  most  of  whom  were  in 
suspense  as  to  citizenship. 

Second,  of  10,494  persons  born  in  Spain,  forming  20  per  cent  of  all 
males  of  voting  age.  These  included  572  citizens  of  Spain  and  9,882 
persons  whose  citizenship  was  in  suspense.  Only  13  out  of  this  num- 
ber of  persons  of  Spanish  birth  were  Cuban  citizens. 

Third,  712  persons  born  in  other  countries  than  Spain  and  Cu})a,  or 
of  unknown  nativity. 

Fourth,  of  11,705  colored  persons.  These  included  10,034  Cu})an 
citizens,  the  remainder  being  mainly  Chine.se. 

The  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  in  the  province,  outside  of 
Habana  City,  was  38,479,  or  74  per  cent  of  all  persons  of  voting  age. 
With  the  exception  of  13  persons  of  Spanish  birth  and  8  born  in  other 
countries  this  body  of  Cuban  citizens  was  composed  of  whites  and  of 
colored  persons  bom  in  Cuba.  The  white  citizens  of  Cuba  numbered 
28,424,  14,333  or  about  50  per  o^nt  of  whom  were  illiterates.  The 
total  number  of  illiterate  Cuban  voters  of  the  province,  outside  of  the 
city,  was  therefore  22,041,  or  57  per  cent,  leaving  as  the  number  of 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


106 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


literate  voters  16,438.     The  total  number  of  literate  males  of  votiog 
age  wa«  24,856,  of  which  Cubans  formed  66  per  cent 


1IATAN2AB. 

OUizervthipt  liUraey^  and  educatUm, 


All 
classes. 

Whites 
bom  in 
C^ba. 

21,320 

White* 
bom  in 
Hpaln. 

Whitee 

bora  in 

other 

countries. 

Colored. 

TofAl  of  votinir  niro           .  r . ,  r , .  *  r  -  r 

55,595 

10,217 

665 

23,39S 

OuhAn  ritisoTiB .•••• 

37,  M4 

20,  M3 

17  1                11 

16,673 

Cati  neither  re&d  nor  write 

23,983 

543 

U.933 

1,085 

10,062 

281 

9,432 

1,068 

2|                  4 

13,915 

Can  rciid  but  can  not  write 

'262 

Can  read  and  write 

10                    4 
6                    8 

2,487 

With  Bunerior education 

J 

Snanlsh  citizens 

1,033 

16 

1,016 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. ..... .\ .. . 

112 
16 

865 
40 

112 
15 

853 
86 

Can  read  but  can  not  write    

1 

11 
4 

Can  read  and  write 

1 

With  HUDcrior  education 

Citizens  in  suspense 

5,798 

91 

5,705 

1 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

749 

62 

4,732 

255 

6 
2 

77 
6 

741 
60 

1 

1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

4,665 

With  suDcrior  education 

249 



•••• 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens 

11,220 

870 

8,479 

668 

6,718 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

8,677 

77 

2,196 

271 

88 

2 

201 

79 

2,279 
66 

1,106 
86 

182 

1 

*      366 

165 

6.178 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

•l8 

Can  read  and  write 

621 

With  superior  education 

1 

The  total  number  of  males  over  21  years  of  age  is  55,595,  or  27.5 
per  cent  of  the  total  population  of  the  province.  This  total  number 
of  potential  voters  is  composed,  first,  of  21,320  whites  bom  in  Cuba, 
of  whom  all  except  477  are  Cuban  citizens;  second,  10,217  whites  bom 
in  Spain,  of  whom  only  a  trifling  number  were  Cuban  citizens;  1,016, 
or  about  10  per  cent,  were  Spanish  citizens;  5,705,  or  more  than  one- 
half,  were  in  suspense  as  to  citizenship,  and  3,479,  or  about  one-third, 
were  citizens  of  other  countries,  or  their  citizenship  was  unknown; 
third,  of  665  whites  born  in  other  countries,  and  fourth,  of  23,393 
colored,  including  blacks,  mixed,  and  Chinese.  Of  these  16,673  were 
Cuban  citizens,  and  6,718  were  citizens  of  foreign  countries,  or  their 
citizenship  was  unknown.  The  last  number,  of  course,  includes 
Chinese. 

Of  the  above  number  of  potential  voters  of  the  province,  namely, 
55,595,  citizens  of  Cuba  numbered  altogether  37,544,  or  68  per  cent 
of  the  total  number;  Spanish  citizens  numbered  1,033,  or  2  per  cent; 
those  whose  citizenship  was  in  suspense  numbered  5,798,  or  10  per 
cent,  while  the  citizens  of  other  countries  and  those  whose  citizenship 
was  unknown  numbered  11,220,  or  20  per  cent  of  the  total  number. 

The  number  of  Cuban  citizens  above  given,  namely,  37,544,  was 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CITIZENSHIP. 


107 


composed  of  20,843  native  white  persons  of  Cuban  birth,  forming  66 
per  cent  of  the  whole  nmnber;  of  16,673  colored  persons,  forming  44 
per  cent,  and  the  trifling  remainder  were  bom  in  Spain  or  other 
countries. 

Of  the  native  white  Cuban  citizens  above  mentioned  10,062,  or  48 
per  cent,  were  unable  to  read,  and  of  the  colored  Cuban  citizens 
13,915,  or  83  per  cent,  were  similarly  illiterate.  Of  the  total  number 
of  Cuban  citizens  in  this  province  64  per  cent  were  unable  to  read. 
The  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  able  to  read  was  13,561,  out  of  a 
total  of  all  citizens  able  to  read  of  22,074,  or  61  per  cent 

riNAR  DBL  BIO. 

CUizenskipy  literacy ^  and  education. 


All 
claasee. 

White* 
bom  in 
Cuba. 

Whltea 
bom  in 
Spain. 

Whites 

bom  in 

other 

conntrles. 

Colored. 

Total  of  votinfiT  ftfire 

43,750 

24,824 

8,242 

808 

10,876 

Cuban  citizens 

83,479 

24,1(M 

6 

9,369 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

25,424 

234 

7,416 

406 

17,118 

163 

6,422 

401 

1 

8,306 
71 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

6 

988 

With  superior  education 

6 

Spanish  citizens 

662 

16 

646 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

54 

5 

593 

10 

8 

51 
5 

580 
10 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write. 

Can  read  and  write 

18 

With  superior  education 

Citizens  in  suspense 

7,766 

171 

7,577 

1 

6 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

3,140 

56 

4,439 

120 

91 

1 

76 
3 

3,048 

66 

4,367 

117 

1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

1 

6 

With  superior  education 

Foreigrn  and  unknown  citizens 

1,8M 

33 

13 

307 

1,501 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 

1,553 

10 

260 

31 

4 

1 

106 

9 

170 

23 

1,443 
1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

22 
7 

.11 

1 

67 

With  superior  education 

The  total  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  of  this  province 
was  43,750,  amounting  to  26  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  This 
number  was  composed,  first,  of  24,324  whites,  bom  in  Cuba,  of  whom  all 
excepting  220  were  Cuban  citizens;  second,  of  8,242  whites  of  Spanish 
birth,  of  whom  only  a  trifling  number  were  Cuban  citizens,  646  were 
citizens  of  Spain,  while  the  citizenship  of  7,677  was  in  suspense; 
third,  of  308  whites  born  in  other  countries  than  in  Cuba  or  Spain, 
and,  fourth,  10,876  colored,  including  black,  mixed,  and  Chinese.  Of 
these  9,369  were  Cuban  citizens,  while  1,607  were  citizens  of  other 
countries  or  of  unknown  citizenship. 

Of  the  total  number  of  males,  21  years  and  over,  in  this  province,  77 
per  cent  were  Cuban  citizens,  leaving  23  per  cent  citizens  of  other 


Digitized  jDy 


Google 


108 


REPORT   ON    THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


countries.  This  bod}'  of  Cuban  citizens  is  made  up  almost  entirely  of 
whites  and  colored  persons  who  were  born  in  Cuba,  the  number  of  per- 
sons of  Spanish  birth  or  other  foreign  birth  being  trifling.  Of  the 
whites  bom  in  Cuba  who  were  Cuban  citizens  not  less  than  71  per  cent 
were  reported  as  unable  to  read,  while  of  the  colored  citizens  no  less 
than  89  per  cent  were  unable  to  read,  and  of  the  total  number  of  Cuban 
citizens  in  the  province  76  per  cent,  or  more  than  three-fourths,  were 
illiterate.  It  is  because  of  the  high  percentage  of  illiteracy  in  this  prov- 
ince that  it  has  l)een  called  the  ''dark  province"  of  Cuba. 

The  total  number  of  males  of  21  years  of  age  and  over  who  were  able 
to  read  was  13,579.  Of  this  number,  8,055,  or  59  per  cent,  were  Cuban 
citizens. 

PUERTO   PRINCIPE. 

aiizermhipf  lii^racf/y  and  educaiUm, 


All 
classes. 

20,181 

Whites 

bom  In 

Cuba. 

Whites 
bora  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
bora  in 

other 
oountrieci. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  ngc 

12,618 

2,982 

261 

4.420 

(^tiliaii  cltlzenB 

15,759 

12,861 

4 

2 

3,892 

Can  neither  rend  nor  write 

7,810 
818 

6,972 
C59 

6,037 
214 

6,476 
636 

1 

1,772 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

104 

Can  read  and  write 

2 
1 

1 

1 

1,494 

With  superior  education 

22 

Spanish  citizens 

446 

26 

420 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

224 
10 

189 
23 

9 

214 
10 

176 
20 

1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

13 
3 

With  superior  education 



Citizens  In  suspense 

2,606 

66 

2,647 

2 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

783 

43 

1,607 

172 

10 

773 

43 

1,566 

166 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 



Can  read  and  write 

40 
6 

2 

With  superior  education 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens 

1,371 

76 

11 

269 

hOSb 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

901 

12 

281 

174 

.     6 
46 

8 

14 

1 

119 

125 

877 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

10 

Can  read  and  write 

1 
.  2 

187 

Witli  superior  education 

1 

This,  the  smallest  province  of  the  island  in  point  of  population, 
contained  but  20,181  males  21  years  of  age  and  over,  being  23  per 
cent  of  the  population  of  the  province.  It  was  composed,  first,  of 
12,518  whites  born  in  Cuba,  of  which  number  all  but  157  were  Cuban 
citizens;  second,  of  2,982  whites  born  in  Spain,  420  of  whom  were 
citizens  of  Spain,  and  the  citizenship  of  2,547  was  in  suspense;  third, 
of  261  whites  born  in  other  countries,  and,  fourth,  of  4,420  colored, 
including  negro,  mixed,  and  Chinese.  Of  these  1,025  were  of  foreign 
or  unknown  citizenship,  while  3,392  were  citizens  of  Cuba. 

Of  the  total  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over,  16,769,  or 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CITIZENSHIP. 


109 


78  per  cent,  were  Cuban  citizens.  This  number  was  made  up  almost 
entirely  of  native  white  and  colored  Cubans,  the  number  of  persons 
bom  in  Spain  or  in  other  countries  being  trifling.  Of  the  native  white 
Cuban  citizens,  49  per  cent,  or  nearly  one-half,  were  iliitei-ate,  and 
of  the  colored  citizens,  62  per  cent,  or  a  little  more  than  one-half. 
About  one-half,  therefore,  of  the  Cuban  citizens,  taken  as  a  whole, 
were  unable  to  read. 

Of  the  total  number  of  males  of  voting  age,  10,460,  or  52  per  cent, 
were  able  to  read.  The  Cuban  citizens  able  to  read  numbered  7,949, 
or  76  per  cent  of  all  literate  males  of  voting  age. 

SANTA   CLABA. 

(Mizenshipf  lUeracyf  and  educalUm. 


All 
classes. 

Whites 

bom  in 

Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 

born  In 

other 

countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age 

100,113 

46,634 

21.963 

899 

31,727 

Cuban  citizens    

71,462 

44,976 

66 

11 

26,409 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

46,084 
916 

23,476 
988 

26,118 
620 

18,374 
964 

22 

6 

20,938 
395 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

43 
1 

4 

1 

6,054 
22 

With  superior  education 

Spanish  citizens 

1.481 

32 

1,447 

1 

\ 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

88 

17 

1,330 

46 

2 
1 

26 
4 

86 

16 

1,8(M 

41 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

1 

With  superior  education 

1 

Citizens  in  suspense 

12,  M7 

182 

12,744 

2 

19 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

3,043 
117 

9,666 
231 

41 

4 

126 

12 

2,992 

113 

9,420 

21 Q 

10 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

2 

9 

With  superior  education 

Foreign  and  unknown  01113*™*. 

14,223 

344 

7,696 

885 

6,298 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

10,304 

123 

3,667 

289 

73 

3 

210 

68 

6,113 
96 

2,466 
83 

262 

6 

472 

146 

4,866 
19 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

420 

With  superior  education 

3 

The  total  nmnber  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  in  this  province 
was  100,113,  or  28  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  This  total  num- 
ber was  composed,  first,  of  45,534  whites  of  Cuban  bii-th,  all  of  whom, 
excepting  568,  were  citizens  of  Cuba;  second,  of  21,953  whites  born 
in  Spain,  of  whom  66  only  were  citizens  of  Cuba;  1,447  were  citizens 
of  Spain,  and  7,696  were  citizens  of  other  countries  or  their  citizen- 
ship was  unknown,  while  12,744,  or  considerably  more  than  half  of 
the  whites  of  Spanish  birth,  were  "in  suspense;"  that  is,  they  had  not 
yet  decided  upon  their  future  citizenship;  third,  of  the  total  number 
899  were  bom  in  other  countries,  and,  as  a  rule,  their  citizenship 
followed  the  country  of  birth;  and,  fourth,  of  31,727  colored  persons, 
including  black,  mixed,  and  Chinese.     Of  these  26,409  were  Cuban 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


no 


REFOBT  ON   THE   0EN8CJ8   OF   OUBA,  1899. 


citizenH  and  5,298  wei*e  citizenH  of  other  or  unknown  countries,  most 
of  them  being  Cliinese. 

The  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  in  this  province  was  71,462,  or 
71  per  cent  of  all  persons  21  years  of  age  and  over;  the  citizens  of 
Spain  formed  but  2  per  cent  of  the  total;  those  in  suspense  formed  13 
per  cent,  and  the  citizens  of  other  or  unknown  countries  formed  14  per 
cent. 

The  above  number  of  Cuban  citizens  was  composed  almost  entirely 
of  the  two  classes  of  white  and  colored  of  Cuban  birth.  There  was  a 
trifling  number  of  persons  of  Spanish  birth  and  of  those  bom  in  other 
countries  who  claimed  Cuban  citizenship,  but  their  number  is  too 
small  to  be  worth  consideration  in  this  connection.  The  white  Cuban 
citizens  numbered  44,976,  or  63  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  Cuban 
citizens.  Of  these  25,118,  or  56  per  cent,  were  unable  to  read.  The 
number  of  colored  Cuban  citizens  was  26,409,  or  37  per  cent  of  all, 
and  of  these  not  less  than  20,938,  or  79  per  cent,  were  unable  to  read. 

The  total  number  of  males  of  voting  age  who  were  able  to  read  was 
10,594,  or  41  |>cr  cent  of  all  males  of  voting  age.  The  Cuban  citizens 
able  to  read  numbered  25,378,  or  63  per  cent  of  all  able  to  read. 

BANTIAaO   DK  CUBA. 

CHtizejuthipf  literacyj  mid  education. 


All  claeves. 

Whites 
lx)m  in 
Cuba. 

I 

Whites 
}>om  in 
Spain. 

Whites 

bom  in 

other 

countries. 

Colored. 

Total  votinir  aire 

71,307 

SI.  496 

9,421 

1,162              29,228 

CiibHii  citizens 

68,722 

31.034 

13 

9  1           27,666 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

38,981 

17,821 
1,326 

19,068 

223 

10,494 

1,249 

4 

1                10.9QR 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

'371 
7.S16 

Can  read  and  write 

9 

2 

With  HUDciior  education 

6                     71 

SliAniMli  citizcDfi      .          •••..•••••«.••••• 

1,160 

6 

1,151 

s 

Can  neither  read  nor  vnflte 

291 

8 

815 

46 

289 

8 

808 

46 

2 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write. 

Can  read  and  write     ................ 

6 

1 

With  superior  education 

Citizens  in  suspense 

8,357 

118 

8,206 

12 

22 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

2,788 

89 

5,196 

284 

35 
2 
74 

7 

2,786 

87 

5,105 

277 

4 

13 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

8 

9 

With  superior  education 

Foreisn  and  unknown  citizens 

3,068 

338 

52 

1,141 

1,537 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

1,015 

14 

1,501 

538 

10 

1 
188 
139 

26 
2 

19 
6 

111 

2 

663 

366 

869 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write 

9 

Can  read  and  write 

631 

With  superior  etlucatlon 

28 

The  total  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  in  this  province 
was  71,307,  or  22  per  cent  of  the  population  of  the  province. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CITIZENSHIP. 


Ill 


This  number  was  composed — 

First,  of  white  persons  born  in  Cuba,  to  the  number  of  31,496,  or 
44  per  cent  of  all,  nearly  all  of  these  being  Cuban  citizens; 

Second,  of  whites  of  Spanish  birth,  numbering  9,421,  or  13  per  cent 
of  all;  of  this  number  much  the  larger  proportion  were  in  suspense  as 
to  their  future  citizenship; 

Third,  whites  bom  in  other  countries,  to  the  number  of  1,162,  or  2 
per  cent  of  all;  and. 

Fourth,  colored,  including  black,  mixed,  and  Chinese,  to  the  number 
of  29,228,  which  formed  41  per  cent  of  the  total  niunber  of  voting  age, 
most  of  whom  were  of  Cuban  birth  and  Cuban  citizenship. 

The  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  was  68,722,  or  82  per  cent  of  all 
male^  over  21  years  of  age.  This  was  composed  of  31,056  whites  and 
27,666  colored.  Of  the  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  38,981,  or  66 
per  cent,  were  unable  to  read;  of  the  white  Cuban  citizens  61  per  cent 
and  of  the  colored  Cuban  citizens  72  per  cent  were  illiterate. 

Spanish  citizens  numbered  1,160,  or  2  per  cent  of  all.  The  illiterates 
among  them  numbered  291,  forming  25  per  cent.  Those  in  suspense 
were  mainly  of  Spanish  birth,  numbering  8,357,  or  12  per  cent  of  all 
males  over  21  years  of  age.  Among  these  the  illiterates  numbered 
2,788,  or  33  per  cent.  The  number  of  persons  who  were  citizens  of 
other  countries  than  Cuba  or  Spain,  or  whose  citizenship  was  unknown^ 
numbered  3,068,  forming  4  per  cent  of  all.  Of  these  1,015,  or  33  per 
cent,  were  unable  to  "read  or  write. 

The  total  number  of  males  of  voting  age  who  were  able  to  read  was 
28,232,  or  40  per  cent  of  all  males  of  voting  age.  Of  these  19,741,  or 
70  per  cent,  were  Cuban  citizens. 

The  following  table  brings  together  the  proportion  which  the  males 
of  voting  age  bear  to  the  population  in  the  several  provinces  and  the 
city  of  JIabana,  the  proportion  being  least  in  the  province  of  Santiago 
and  greatest  in  the  city  of  Habana: 

Proportion  of  males  of  voling  age  to  population. 


Pioylnce. 

Per  cent. 

Province. 

Per  cent. 

Hftntingn. ,.,..., 

22 
23 
25 

27 

MAtunzftfl 

27  5 

Puerto  Prtociipe 

Santa  Clara 

28 

PinardelRio 

Habana  city 

5J2 

Uabana,  excluding  city 

The  following  table  brings  together  the  proportion  of  the  literate 
males  of  voting  age  who  were  born  in  Cuba  to  all  literate  males  of  vot- 
ing age  in  the  several  provinces  and  the  city  of  Habana.  It  is  seen 
that  this  proportion  is  least  in  Habana  city,  where  less  than  half  the 
literate  voters  are  of  Cuban  birth,  and  is  greatest  in  Puerto  Principe, 
where  they  constitute  more  than  three-fourths. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


112  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OP   CUBA,   1899. 

Pr(t}H)rlion  of  litmite  males  of  voiiruj  age  who  were  born  in  Cuba  to  all  lileraie  malet  of 

voting  age. 


Province.  Tercent.   J  Province. 


Habanacity.. 
Pinar  del  Rio. 

MatanzHs 

Santa  Clara  .. 


45  j  Habana,  excluding  city  . 


59   I  .Santiago . 

61  li  Puerto  Principe. 

63 


Per  cent. 


66 

7D. 
76 


STATISTICS  OF   FAMILIES. 

A  family,  in  the  ordinary  or  popular  sense  of  the  word,  means  a 
group  of  persons  bound  together  by  ties  of  kindred.  Usually  they 
live  together,  but  this  is  not  necessarily  involved  in  the  word,  for  a 
married  son  or  daughter  occupying  a  separate  house  is  regarded  as  still 
a  member  of  the  family.  On  the  other  hand,  not  all  persons  who  live 
with  the  family  are  deemed  members,  for  servants,  laborers,  or  board- 
ers are  excluded. 

The  census  finds  such  a  definition  of  the  family  inapplicable  to  its 
field  of  work.  The  test  of  kindred  can  not  be  applied  by  the  enumer- 
ator. In  many  cases  families  of  relatives  are  dispersed  through  the 
community,  returns  about  them  come  through  different  enumerators, 
and  their  nameii  and  the  facts  about  them  can  not  be  assembled  on  the 
schedules  or  tabulated  together.  Accordingly  in  this  field,  as  in  sev- 
eral others,  the  census  is  forced  to  abandon  the  effort  to  bring  together 
data  that  belong  together  and  confine  itself  to  the  simpler  and  more 
practicable  task  of  tabulating  together  data  that  are  found  by  the  enu- 
merators conjoined.  The  census  test  of  a  family  is  not  kinship  b^ 
blood,  but  association  jn  home  life.  Pei*sons  living  in  the  same  home 
are  forTcnsus  purposes  members  of  the  same  family. 

In  ccnsusjisage,  therefore^  the  word  ^^ family"  means  the  g-rounof 
people^  whether  related  by  blood  or  not,  who  share  a  common  dwelling 
and  table.  If  one  person  sleeps  and  eats  alone,  he  constitutes  for  cen- 
sus purposes  a  family.  On  the  other  hand,  if  a  large  group  of  people 
sleep  and  eat  in  a  common  dwelling,  like  a  hotel  or  convent,  they 
make  up  a  single  census  family.  Census  families,  therefore,  may  be 
divided  into  two  classes:  Natural  families  or  families  in  the  popular 
sense  of  that  word,  and  ''other  families."  Membera  of  a  natural 
family  are  bound  together  primarily  by  ties  of  kindred.  Members  of 
other  families  are  bound  together  primarily  by  other  motives,  usually 
of  an  economic  character.  The  latter  may  perhaps  without  great  vio- 
lence to  the  facts  be  called  economic  families.  These  two  classes  of 
motives  may  and  often  do  coexist,  but  the  family  should  be  classed 
with  natural  families  or  with  economic  families  according  to  the  class 
of  motives  which  is  primary.  For  example,  a  family  having  only  one 
boarder  should  doubtless  be  grouped  with  natural  families,  but  a  fam- 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SIZE   OK   FAMILIES.  113 

ily  in  which  the  boarders  largely  outnumber  the  blood  relatives  should 
be  grouped  with  economic  families. 

SIZE   OF  FAMILIES. 

(See  Table  XXXIX.) 

The  limits  of  size  are  much  wider  in  the  economic  family  than  in 
the  natural  family.  The  economic  family  may  consist  of  one  person 
living  alone,  of  two  partnei^s  living  together  at  their  place  of  business, 
of  three  or  more  boarders  living  with  a  housekeeper,  or  of  hundreds 
of  guests,  nuns,  or  prisoners  living  together  in  a  hotel,  convent,  or 
prison.  On  the  basis  of  number  of  members  alone  no  sharp  lines  can 
be  .drawn  between  natural  families  and  economic  families.  Still, 
the  only  classification  of  census  families  presented  in  the  tables  of  this 
volume  is  that  by  size,  and  on  this  basis,  therefore,  an  attempt  may 
perhaps  be  ventured  to  divide  census  families  into  two  classes,  one  of 
which  should  consist  maiply  of  natural  families  and  the  other  mainly 
of  economic  families. 

As  a  natural  family  can  not  be  composed  of  a  single  member,  the 
lower  limit  of  size  for  a  natural  family  may  be  dmwn  with  confidence 
between  two  members  and  one.  The  higher  limit  is  more  vague  and 
uncertain.  Yet  it  seems  that  if  all  families  of  more  than  ten  persons 
are  grouped  as  economic  families,  a  large  proportion,  if  not  a  majority, 
of  the  persons  in  them  might  be  assumed  to  be  living  apart  from  their 
kindred — that  is,  as  farm  laborers  in  their  employer's  family,  or  as 
boarders,  lodgei-s,  or  residents  of  hotels,  schools,  prisons,  or  other 
institutions  treated  by  the  census  as  a  family,  but  not  so  regarded  in 
ordinary  speech.  On  this  basis,  therefore,  the  families  in  Cuba  may  be 
divided  into  the  following  three  groups: 

1.  Families  of  one  member. 

2.  Families  of  two  to  ten  members. 

3.  Families  of  more  than  ten  members. 

Of  these  groups  the  second  consists  mainly  of  natural  families,  the 
first  entirely  and  the  third  largely,  if  not  mainly,  of  economic  families. 

Families  of  one  membei\ — ^This  class  in  Cuba  numbered  30,614,  or 
1.95  per  cent  of  the  population,  while  in  the  United  States  and  Porto 
Rico  the  corresponding  per  cents  were  only  0.74  and  0.82  respectively. 
The  first  hypothesis  that  arises  to  explain  the  relatively  large  number 
of  Cubans  living  alone  is  that  many  families  may  have  broken  apart 
by  the  events  of  the  last  few  years.  But  when  the  provinces  and 
Habana  City  are  examined  separately,  Pinar  del  Rio  is  found  to  have 
had  much  the  smallest  ratio  of  persons  living  out  of  families  and 
Habana  City  the  largest.  While  this  result  disproves  the  hypothesis 
just  mentioned,  it  suggests  another,  viz,  that  the  proportion  living 
24662 8 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


114 


BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 


out  of  families  may  be  connected  with  the  proportion  of  urban  popu- 
lation.   The  following  table  tests  the  second  theory: 


ProTinoe  or  citj. 


Haban«Clty 

MatAnawproylnce 

Puerto  Prfncipe  province 

Santa  Clara  pro viDce 

Habana  province  (excluding  Habana  City) 

Santiago  province 

Plnar  del  Rio  province 


Per  cent 

Percent 

of  popu- 
lationliv- 

of  urban 

*T^ 

ingin 
famUies 

8.000  (+). 

of  1  mem- 

ber. 

100 

8.96 

28.8 

2.41 

28.4 

2.48 

22.6 

1.48 

22.1 

1.67 

17.6 

1.40 

5.1 

.70 

This  table  shows  that  the  proportion  of  pei'sons  in  Cuba  living 
alone  varies  directly  with  the  proportion  of  urban  population,  or,  b 
paradoxical  form,  as  people  crowd  together  into  cities  living  alone 
becomes  more  common.  To  test  this  inference  stiU  further,  the  fol- 
lowing table  has  been  prepared: 


14  cities  separately  reported. 
Rest  of  Cuba 


Total  pop- 
ulation. 


491,504 
1,061,298 


Popula- 
tion in 
families 
of  1  mem- 
ber. 


16,806 
14,808 


Percent 
of  total 
popu- 
lation. 


8.2 

1.4 


In  less  than  half  a  million  urban  residents  there  were  more  persons 
living  alone  than  in  the  million  of  rural  population,  and  in  the  cities 
the  per  cent  of  persons  living  alone  was  more  than  double  what  it  was 
in  the  country.  In  each  of  the  fourteen  cities  separately  reported  the 
per  cent  of  such  persons  is  higher  than  the  rural  average.  The  range 
of  per  cents  for  these  cities  is  from  Puerto  Principe  (4.1)  and  Habana 
(4)  to  Pinar  del  Rio  (1.8)  and  Trinidad  (1.8). 

FamUies  of  11  or  Ttiore  members, — Such  families  in  Cuba  included 
202,176  persons,  or  12.9  per  cent  of  the  entire  population — that  is, 
between  6  and  7  times  as  many  persons  were  living  in  these  big  families 
<^  as  were  living  alone.  In  this  respect  Cuba  differs  widely  from  the 
\  United  States,  where  only  6.7  per  cent  of  the  population  lived  in  such 
families,  and  from  the  South  Central  States  of  this  country,  where 
race  conditions  and  agriculture  are  somewhat  like  those  of  Cuba,  but 
where  the  proportion  of  population  in  families  of  more  than  10  mem- 
bers was  the  same  as  the  average  for  the  entire  United  States. 

As  hotels,  boarding  houses,  and  institutions  are  more  common  in 
cities  than  in  the  country,  the  hypothesis  suggests  itself  that  these 
large  census  families,  like  the  very  small  ones,  are  most  common  in 
the  cities. 


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CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


CITY   OF   HABANA 

SEX,    RACE,    AND    NATIVITY 


)N 


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SIZE   OF   FAMILIES. 


115 


The  following  table  tests  the  conjecture. 


Restof  Cul 


iET': 


Total  pop- 
ulation. 


491, 5(H 
1,061,293 


Popula- 
tion in 
families 
ofll-H 
members. 


68,675 
143,500 


"I 


Per  cent 
of  total 
popula- 
tion. 


11.9 
13.3 


These  very  large  families  therefore  were  more  common,  or  at  least  v 
embraced  a  larger  proportion  of  the  population,  not  in  cities,  but  in  ^ 
the  rural  districts.  Still  the  diflFerence  is  but  slight.  The  per  cent 
of  population  in  the  rural  districts  living  in  these  very  large  families 
was  least  in  Santiago  (11  per  cent)  and  greatest  in  Pinar  del  Rio  (17  per 
cent).  In  Matanzas  and  Habana  it  was  12  per  cent,  in  Puerto  Principe 
and  Santa  Clara  14  per  cent.  Among  the  14  cities  the  proportion  of 
population  living  in  very  large  families  was  perceptibly  less  in  those 
lying  in  the  eastern  half  of  Cuba. 

Families  of  from  S  to  10  memhers. — Aa  Cuba  had  a  much  larger  pro- 
portion of  its  population  in  economic  families  than  had  the  United 
States,  it  follows  necessarily  that  the  proportion  of  the  population  liv- 
ing in  natural  families  or  families  within  the  ordinary  range  of  sizes  was 
less.  While  in  the  United  States  nearly  93  per  cent  (92.6)  of  the  pop- 
ulation were  living  in  families  of  2  to  10  members,  in  Cuba  only  85  per 
cent  (85.2)  were  so  living.  The  proportion  of  population  living  in  fam- 
ilies of  this  size  varied  in  different  provinces  as  follows: 


Provlncea. 

Per  cent 
of  popu- 
lation in 
famUies 
of2tol0 
mem- 
bers. 

Provinces. 

Per  cent 
of  popu- 
lation in 
familien 
of2tol0 
mem- 
bers. 

Habana  City 

82.1 
83.9 
84.9 
85.6 

MatanzaA ^  ^  ^ 

85.9 

Pinar  del  Rio 

Habana,  excluding  city 

86.4 

Santa  Clara 

Bftntifuro ..........",..  T 

87.7 

Puerto  Principe 

The  small  proportion  of  persons  in  such  families  in  Habana  was  con- 
nected with  the  large  representation  of  very  small  and  very  large  fam- 
ilies, while  in  Pinar  del  Rio  it  was  connected  with  the  proportion  of 
large  families,  so  great  as  to  more  than  offset  the  very  small  number 
of  persons  living  alone. 

These  families  having  from  2  to  10  members  may  conveniently  be 
subdivided  into  three  classes:  Small  families — that  is,  those  having  2, 
3,  or  4  members;  families  of  medium  size — that  is,  those  having  6,  6, 
or  7  members,  and  large  families — that  is,  those  having  8,  9,  or  10 
members.    The  members  of    natural  families,   or  families  having 


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116 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


between  2  and  10  members,  in  each  province  have  been  thus  subdi- 
vided, with  results  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 


Habana,  excladlnf?  city 

Habanacity 

Matanzas 

Finardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Cuba 


Absolute  number  of  persons  in  fami- 
lies of— 


2  to  10 
members. 


2to4 
mem- 
bers, i.  e., 

small 
families. 


163.214 
193,750 
173,897 
143,388 
75,559 
302,665 
287,535 


1,840,008 


bers,  i.  e., 
families 
of  medi- 
um size. 


56,011 
80,912 
62,838 
38,608 
28,805 
97,126 
84,028 


443,828 


6to7 


8tol0 
mem- 

t>er8,  i.  e., 
larKe 

families. 


70,488 
74,584 
72,683 
62,767 
80,609 
129.825 
122,147 


568,098 


86,715 
88.254 
88,876 
42,023 
21.145 
75.714 
81,860 


888,667 


Percentage  of  persons  in 
families  of  2  to  10  mem- 
bers living  in— 


Small 
families. 


r4.8 

41.8 
36.1 
26.9 
81.5 
32.1 
29.2 


Families 
of  medi- 
um size. 


88.1 


43.2 
38.5 
41.8 
43.8 
40.5 
42.9 
42.5 


42.0 


Large 
famine 


familiea. 


22.5 
19.7 
22.1 
29.3 
28.0 
26.0 
28.3 


24.9 


Apparently  the  size  of  families  among  white  and  colored  in  Cuba 
was  about  the  same.  For  in  the  preceding  table  the  percentages  for 
Santiago,  where  there  were  most  colored,  differed  little  from  those  for 
Puerto  Principe,  where  there  were  most  whites. 

Families  of  2  to  4  members  included  about  one-third  of  all  the  per- 
sons living  in  families  of  2  to  10  persons — that  is,  the  great  number  of 
such  families  just  compensated  for  their  small  size.  Large  families  on 
the  contrary,  i.  c,  those  with  8  to  10  members,  were  so  few  relatively 
that  the  number  of  persons  living  in  them  was  only  one-fourth  of  the 
total.  The  deficiency  in  this  group  must  be  made  up,  as  it  is,  in  the 
group  of  mediiun-sized  families,  5  to  7  members,  in  which  over  two- 
fifths  of  the  population  in  the  entire  group  lived. 

The  following  table  shows  the  proportion  of  the  total  population  of 
Cuba  living  in  families  of  specified  size,  and  for  puiposes  of  compari- 
son columns  have  been  added  giving  the  same  ratios  for  the  United 
States  and  Porto  Rico: 


Number  of  members  in  family. 


1 

2 

8 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11+ 

Total 

Average  size  of  family 


Per  mille  of  total  population 
livinff  In  families  with 
specined  number  of  mem- 
bers. 


Cuba. 


19 
64 
98 
120 
126 
122 
109 
90 
70 
52 
130 


1,000 
4.8 


Porto 
Rico. 


8 
48 
86 
116 
136 
135 
122 
102 
81 
68 
116 


United 
States 
(1890). 


1.000 
6.3 


7 
68 
101 
168 
141 
136 
121 
96 
69 
66 
67 


1,000 
4.9 


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SIZE   OF  FAMILIBS   AND  MABITAL   CONDITION.  117 

In  comparing  Cuba  with  the  United  States,  as  one  may  from  the 
figures  of  the  preceding  table,  it  appears  that  the  average  size  of  the 
family  in  Cuba  was  somewhat  less  than  in  America.  Small  families 
of  1  or  2  members  and  also  very  large  families  of  11  members  or 
above  were  more  common  in  Cuba,  while  families  of  medium  range, 
from  3  to  10  (with  a  slight  exception  at  9),  were  more  common  in 
the  United  States.  The  smaller  average  size  of  the  family  in  Cuba 
was  apparently  due  to  the  great  number  of  families  of  one  or  two 
membera 

The  differences  which  appear  from  a  comparison  of  Cuba  with  Porto 
Rico  are  similar  but  somewhat  more  sharp.  Small  families — that  is, 
those  of  from  1  to  4  members — and  also  large  families  of  over  11 
members,  were  relatively  more  numerous  in  Cuba  than  in  Porto  Rico, 
while,  on  the  other  hand,  families  of  from  6  to  10  members  were  more 
prevalent  in  Porto  Rico.  In  both  these  islands  the  proportion  of 
persons  living  in  very  large  families  was  about  double  what  it  was  in 
the  United  States. 

MARITAL  CONDITION. 
(See  Tables  XV  to  XVIII. ) 

A  natural  family,  in  distinction  from  groups  of  persons  called  fam- 
ilies only  by  the  census,  usually  originates  when  a  man  and  a  woman 
begin  to  live  with  each  other  and  apart  from  their  kindred.  If  the 
man  or  the  woman  goes  to  live  with  the  kindred  of  the  other  party, 
the  census  does  not  regard  this  as  a  new  family.  Under  American 
law  such  a  commencement  of  cohabitation  is  usually  preceded  by  an 
expression  of  social  approval  on  the  union  in  the  form  of  a  marriage 
ceremony,  civil  or  religious.  American  legislation  tends  to  encourage 
such  public  announcement  of  the  intent  of  the  parties  by  making  the 
ceremony  easy  and  inexpensive.  American  courts  also  incline  to 
hold  parties  married,  if  they  were  legally  able  to  marry  and  intended 
to  do  so,  even  though  they  did  not  meet  all  the  requirements  of  the 
law.  For  example,  emancipated  slaves  in  the  United  States  have 
usually  been  held  to  be  married  to  the  persons  with  whom  they  were 
cohabiting  and  the  court  has  not  insisted  that  a  ceremony  should  be 
proved.  The  Spanish  law,  on  the  contrary,  like  the  law  of  most  Catholic  \ 
countries,  holds  that  a  ceremony  of  marriage  is  necessary  to  institute  \^ 
a  lawful  relation  of  husband  and  wife,  and  under  its  provisions  the 
intent  of  the  parties  is  by  no  means  so  decisive  a  factor  as  it  is  undef 
American  decisions. 

As  a  result  of  the  transitional  condition  of  affairs  in  Cuba  when  the 
present  census  was  taken,  a  class  of  persons  has  been  recognized  who 
would  not  be  legal  husband  and  wife,  or  legal  parent  and  child,  under 
Spanish  law,  but  in  most  cases  would  be  under  American  law.  These 
are  persons  who  were  living  together  as  husband  and  wife  without 


V 


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118  REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OP  CUBA,   1899. 

legal  sanction  of  their  union  and  also  the  duldren  of  such  persons. 
While  this  census  thus  recognizes  a  marital  class  in  addition  to  such 
as  ordinarily  appears  in  statistical  returns,  it  omite  one  dass  commonly 
reported — that  of  divorced  persons.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  divorce 
is  not  allowed  by  Spanish  or  Cuban  law.  The  classes  which  do  appear 
are  (1)  the  single,  within  which  is  included  everyone  who  has  never  been 
lawfully  married  and  who  on  the  census  day  was  not  living  without 
legal  sanction  as  the  husband  or  wife  of  another;  (2)  those  living 
together  by  mutual  consent  but  without  sanction  of  law  as  husband 
and  wife;  (3)  those  living  together  in  lawful  wedlock,  and  (4)  those 
who  have  been  lawfully  married,  but  whose  marriage  before  the  census 
day  had  been  ended  by  the  death  of  the  other  party.  These  may  be 
roughly  classed  as  the  never  married,  the  partlv  married,  the  fully  mar- 
ried, and  the  widowed. 

The  married. 

From  the  point  of  view  of  the  family,  perhaps  the  primary  group 
among  these  four  is  the  lawfuUy  married.  The  number  of  such  persons 
reported  by  the  present  census  is  246,351,  or  between  one-sixth  and  one- 
seventh  (15. 7  per  cent)  of  the  total  population.  The  only  two  preceding 
censuses,  we  believe,  in  which  the  same  information  was  reported 
are  those  of  1841  and  1861.  In  1841  8  per  cent  and  in  1861  16.5  per 
cent  of  the  population  were  married.  The  proportion  of  married 
^has  thus  decreased  slightly  in  the  last  thirty -eight  years — a  decrease 
the  more  surprising  when  one  considers  that  during  the  same  period, 
as  shown  in  the  discussion  of  sex  (p.  81),  the  relative  number 
of  females  has  rapidly  increased,  and  the  sexes  become  much  more 
nearly  equal  in  numbers.  As  the  present  proportion  of  children  in 
Cuba  is  below  that  in  1861,  the  proportion  of  married  to  the  adult 
population  has  decreased  faster  than  these  figures  would  indicate. 
The  present  proportion  is  somewhat  less  than  that  in  Porto  Rico  (16.6 
per  cent)  and  less  than  half  that  in  the  United  States  in  1890  (35.7  per 
cent).  As  the  attitude  of  American  law  toward  marriage  is  widely 
different  from  that  of  Spanish  law,  it  may^  bp^fgjr^r  tr>  r;'.0TPpHre  (j^u^^ 
conditions  in  this  regard  with  thoselof  Catholic.  £aux4».  In  every 
one  of  the  great  countries  in  Europe  except  Ireland  and  Scotland  the 
proportion  of  married  persons  in  the  total  population  is  at  least  twice 
what  it  is  in  Cuba.  The  same  is  true  of  Mexico,  where,  by  the  census 
of  1896, 31  per  cent  were  reported  as  married.  Among  the  other  West 
Indian  islands  too,  for  which  information  is  obtainable,  notwithstanding 
the  great  proportion  of  negroes  in  many  of  them,  and  the  readiness  of 
members  of  that  recently  emancipated  race  to  establish  a  family  with- 
out an  initial  ceremony  of  marriage,  the  proportion  of  married  is  some- 
what higher  than  in  Cuba — Martinique  (10.8  per  cent  married)  and 
Trinidad  (14.4  per  cent  married)  being  the  only  exceptions.     If,  as  is 


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THE   MABBIED. 


119 


commonly  asserted,  a  low  proportion  of  married  usually  witnesses  to 
poverty  and  distress,  the  proportion  in  Cuba,  lower  tlian  almost  any- 
where else  and  lower  than  in  1861,  may  be  partly  due  to  her  recent 
economic  disasters. 

The  proportion  of  married  to  population  varied  in  the  provinces  of 
Cuba  as  appears  from  the  following  table: 


Province. 


Puerto  Principe 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

Habana  city 

Santa  Clara 

PinardelRio 

Matanzas 

Santiago , 

Cuba 


Per  cent  of 

population 

married. 


19.5 
18.8 
17.8 
16.0 
16.7 
18.4 
12.3 


16.7 


The  two  adjoining  eastern  provinces  had  respectively  the  lowest 
and  highest  proportions  of  married.  Some  reasons  for  this  difference 
will  appear  later. 

Whether  the  married  persons  in  Cuba  were  f  oimd  more  in  cities  or  in 
the  country  is  shown  by  the  following  table: 


District. 

Total  popula- 
tion. 

491, 6(M 
1,061,293 

Married. 

Number. 

Per 
cent 

Fourteen  cities 

82,226 
164,128 

16.7 
16.3 

Rest  of  island 

This  seems  to  show  that  marriage  was  more  common  in  the  urban 
districts  of  Cuba.  But  such  a  difference  might  arise  from  a  grouping 
of  the  cities  mainly  in  provinces  where  marriage  was  most  conounon. 
Hence  in  the  foUowing  table  the  analysis  is  pushed  one  step  failher: 


Province. 

Per  cent  married  in- 

Urban  dis- 
tricts. 

Rural  dis- 
tricts. 

Habana 

17.7 
16.8 
14.9 
19.7 
16.1 
14.0 

19.1 
12.4 
16.6 
19.4 
16.2 
12.0 

Matansas 

Pinardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago , 

Cuba 

16.6 

16.0 

This  table  brings  to  light  differences  between  the  provinces  which 
were  hidden  in  the  summary.  In  two  provinces,  Habana  and  Santa 
Clara,  marriage  was  more  prevalent  in  the  rural  districts;  in  the  other 
four  the  reverse  was  true.  Puerto  Principe  and  Habana  led  in  propor- 
tion of  mai*ried,  both  in  the  urban  and  in  the  rura)  districts,  and  in 


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120 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


both  classes  Santiago  was  the  last  But  in  the  other  three  provinces  the 
position  of  the  urban  groups  did  not  agree  with  that  of  the  rural 
population. 

In  the  proportion  of  married  to  the  total  population,  the  cities  stood 
as  follows: 


city. 


Regla 

Puerto  Principe 

Habana  

Pinardel  Rio... 

Cardenas 

Cienfuegoa  

Matanxas 


Per  cent 
married. 


City. 


21.0 
19.7 
17.8 
17.2 
16.6 
16.0 
15.4 


dancti  Spiritofl . . 

Trinidad 

Ooanabacoa 

Santa  Clara 

Sagua  la  Grande 

Santiago 

Manzanillo 


Percent 
married. 


15.4 
15.2 
14.7 
14.2 
13.5 
1S.S 
11.7 


The  relatively  high  proportion  of  manned  in  the  capital  and  its 
suburb,  Regla,  and  the  low  position  of  the  two  cities  in  Santiago 
province  ai'e  noteworthy.  But  why  Guanabacoa  should  rank  so  much 
below  the  other  two  cities  of  Habana  province  or  the  cities  of  Matan- 
zas  and  Santa  Clara  provinces  should  come  next  to  those  of  Santiago 
does  not  appear. 

The  married  classified  hy  sex. — Among  the  married  125,067  were 
males  and  121,284  were  females.  The  proportion  of  each  sex  who 
were  married  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Sex. 

Total. 

Married. 

Number. 

Per 
cent 

Males 

815,205 
757,592 

125,067 
121,284 

15.3 
16.0 

Females 

The  proportion  of  married  women  to  the  total  of  that  sex  was  above 
the  proportion  of  married  men,  and,  if  one  assumes  that  the  number 
of  men  having  lawful  wives  on  the  island  was  no  greater  than  the 
reported  number  of  married  women,  the  ratio  of  such  men  to  all 
males  (14.9  per  cent)  was  over  1  per  cent  below  that  of  the  married 
women  to  all  females.     The  excess  in  the  number  of  married  males 
was  found  mainly  in  Habana  province,  about  seven-tenths  of  it  being   _ 
concentrated  there.     This  fact  suggests  that  the  excess  of  husbands 
was  probably  due  to  the  immigration  of  married  men  without  their 
wives.     The  only  previous  census  giving  comparable  facts  is  that  of 
1861.    At  that  time  14.8  per  cent  of  the  males  and  18.7  per  cent  of  the 
females  were  married,  and  the  difference  between  the  two  sexes  was 
over  five  times  what  it  now  is.     The  change  is  doubtless  connected 
with  the  growing  numerical  equality  between  the  sexes.  ^ 

The  irva/rried  classified  hy  age, — Marriage  never  extends  throughthe 
entire  life.  All  persons  are  bom  single  and  probably  only  a  minoiWy 
attain  adult  year's  and  marry.     The  age  at  which  marriage  occur 


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CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1  899 


OV€ 

s 

4 
t 

i 
1 

Unde 


I 


I'ndi 


rnd 


CUBA 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION    BY    RACE,    SEX,    AND    AGE 


TOTAL   POPULATION 
MALE  FEMALE 


I  I    SINGLE  C      31 


LIVING  TOGETHER   BY   MUTUAL  CONSENT 


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THE   MARRIED   CLASSIFIED   BY    AGE. 


121 


varies  with  sex,  class,  and  social  customs.  Of  the  minority  who 
marry  half  become  widows  or  widowers  before  their  own  death.  The 
likelihood  of  this  separation  increases  with  age.  Hence,  it  is  of 
fundamental  importance  to  study  the  age  composition  of  the  married. 
It  is  usual  to  assume  that  marriage  does  not  begin  with  either  sex 
until  the  age  of  15.  In  fact  the  present  census  showed  67  persons  under 
15  to  be  married,  but  probably  some  of  these  are  enumerators'  errors. 
When  the  children  under  15  are  excluded,  the  proportion  between 
those  of  marriageable  age  and  those  actually  married  becomes  more 
significant.     It  is  as  follows: 


Country. 


Cuba 995,761 

Porto  Rico 584,941 

United  states  (1890) t    40,880,050 


Population 

15  years  and 

over. 


Married. 
Total. 


246,351 

168,570 

22,329,990 


Per 
cent. 


24.7 
29.6 
56.3    I 


In  a  former  paragraph  (p.  118)  it  was  shown  that  the  proportion  of 
married  in  Cuba  was  slightly  below  that  in  Porto  Rico  and  lower  than 
anywhere  else  in  the  West  Indies  except  Trinidad  and  Martinique. 
From  this  table  it  appears  that  when  adults  alone  are  considered  the 
difference  between  Porto  Rico  and  Cuba  is  increased,  since  Cuba  had 
few  and  Porto  Rico  very  many  young  children.  In  Trinidad,  if  the 
Eajst  Indians  be  excluded,  the  proportion  of  married  in  the  adult 
population  (29  per  cent)  was  decidedly  greater  than  in  Cuba,  so  that 
among  adults  marriage  is  apparently  less  common  in  Cuba  than  else 
where  in  the  West  Indies  except  Martinique. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  persons  living  in  each  age 
group  and  the  number  and  per  cent  reported  as  married: 


Age  period. 

Number  of 
persons. 

Married. 

Per  cent 

married 

in  United 

States 

(1890). 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

1&-19 

178,086 
152,959 
137,405 
118, 812 
185,056 
117,528 
68,182 
87,699 
85 

6,758 
23,496 
39,638 
44,060 
72,637 
38.788 
16,381 

5,024 
8 

3.2 
15.4 
28.8 
37.1 
39.8 
33.0 
24.0 
14.9 

9.4 

5.0 
32.8 
61.7 
75.3 
80.0 
79.3 
71.8 
63.3 
83.1 

20-24 

25-29 

8(^-34 

35-44 

4^-54 

55-64 

65+ 

Unknown 

Total 

996,761 

246,284 

24.7 

56.8 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  relative  number  of  married  among 
Cubans  between  15  and  20  was  rather  more  than  half  what  it  was  in 
the  United  States;  that  from  20  to  45  the  number  was  very  close  to 
half,  but  at  later  periods  it  diminished  until  it  was  between  one-third 
and  one-foui*th  the  American  proportion. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


122 


RKPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   OUBA,  1899. 


Early  marriage  was  apparently  somewhat  more  common  in  Cuba 
relative  to  the  total  number  of  marriages  than  in  the  United  States. 
Of  the  total  number  married  2.4  per  cent  were  below  20  years  of  age 
while  in  the  United  States  the  corresponding  per  cent  was  only  1.5. 
The  maximum  proportion  of  married  was  in  the  age  period  35-44, 
at  which  about  two  persons  out  of  every  five  were  married.  The  low 
proportion  of  married  in  the  later  age  periods  may  be  a  result  of  the 
fact  that  when  such  persons  were  young  the  obstacles  to  marriage 
were  greater  owing  to  the  high  ratio  of  males,  since  forty  years  ago 
nearly  three-fifths  of  all  whites  on  the  island  were  male. 

As  the  number  of  married  at  each  age  period  varies  widely  accord- 
ing to  sex,  the  analysis  of  provinces  will  be  given  in  detail  under  the 
topic  of  age  and  sex.  In  the  following  table  the  per  cent  of  all  adults 
(15+)  who  were  married  is  given  by  provinces.  As  it  has  previously 
been  shown  that  the  married  were  most  numerous  in  Puerto  Principe 
and  least  numerous  in  Santiago,  similar  relations  may  be  expected  to 
appear  in  the  present  table. 


Province. 

Percent 
of  adults 
(15+)  who 
were  mar- 
ried. 

Percent  of 
population 
of  all  a^es 
who  were 
married. 

Puerto  Principe 

a4.1 
28.6 
26.8 
25.0 
24.8 
21.8 
20.6 

19.5 
18.8 
16.7 
16.0 
17.8 
12.3 
18.4 

Habana  (excludinsf  city ) 

Plnar  del  Rio 

Santa  Clara 

Habana  (city) 

Santiago 

Matanzas 

Cuba 

24.7 

16.7 

One-fourth  of  all  persons  over  15  were  married  and  the  fraction  varies 
from  one-fifth  in.  Matanzas  to  one-third  in  Puerto  Principe.  In  the 
United  States  one-half  the  adults  (66.3  per  cent)  were  married.  The 
large  proportion  of  married  in  Puerto  Principe  is  obscured  in  the  last 
column  above  by  the  very  large  proportion  of  persons  under  15  in 
that  province.  Among  its  adults  Matanzas  had  fewer  married  than 
Santiago.  Habana  city,  having  relatively  very  few  children,  makes  a 
better  showing,  therefore,  in  the  last  column  above  than  the  facts 
warrant  when  analyzed  by  age.  The  first  column  above  shows  the 
proportion  of  adults  in  Habana  city  to  be  almost  exactly  the  same  as 
the  average  for  the  whole  island. 

Tlie  married  classified  hy  sex  amd  a^e. — It  is  a  familiar  fact  that  men 
usually  marry  several  years  later  in  life  than  women.  Hence  it  is 
important  to  supplement  the  foregoing  analysis  by  one  which  exam- 
ines the  marital  condition  of  the  two  sexes  separately  by  age  periods, 
as  is  done  in  the  following  table.  The  figures  for  the  United  States 
are  introduced  for  pui*poses  of  comparison. 


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THE  MABBIED   CLASSIFIED   BY   SEX. 


123 


Age  period 

Per  cent  married  in 
Cuba  among   total 
of  age  and  sex  speci- 
fied. 

Per  cpnt  married  in 
United  States  (1890) 
among  total  of  age 
and  sex  specified. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

15-19 

.2 
6.5 
20.0 
84.3 
+42.1 
89.4 
81.6 
23.1 
10.6 

6.0 
25.9 
38.8 
+40.4 
35.8 
25.3 
16.0 
6.7 
7.2 

.5 
18.9 
62.7 
71.3 
80.9 
+84.3 
82.3 
70.5 
28.1 

9.5 

20-24 

46.7 

25-29 

71.4 

30-S4 

79.8 

96-44 

+80.6 

45-64 

73.9 

65-64 

60.4 

65+ 

35.4 

CdIedowh 

41.9 

Aliases 

16.3 

16.0 

34.9 

36.4 

The  highest  ratio  of  married  men  was  found  between  35  and  45,  while 
the  highest  ratio  of  married  women  was  found  between  30  and  35.  In 
the  United  States  the  highest  ratio  for  men  was  tenyeara  and  for  women 
five  years  later.  The  ratio  of  married  men  20-24  years  old  was  less 
than  one-third  what  it  was  in  the  United  States,  while  the  ratio  of  mar- 
ried women  15-24  years  old  was  more  than  one-half  what  it  was  in  the 
United  States.  This  suggests  that  the  early  marriages  just  shown  to 
be  somewhat  more  conmion  in  Cuba  than  in  the  United  States  may  be 
marriages  in  which  only  the  bride  is  especially  youthful  and  that  early 
marriages  of  men  may  be  no  more  common  than  in  the  United  States. 
To  test  this  the  per  cent  that  the  married  men  under  26  years  of  age 
made  of  all  married  men  and  the  married  women  under  20  made  of  all 
married  women  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 

Per  cent  that  married  persons  of  sex  and  age  specified  made  of  married  persons  of  sex 

specified  but  aU  ages. 


Country. 

Males 
under  26. 

Females 
under  20. 

Cub* 

3.6 
5.4 

4.7 
8.5 

United  States  (1890) 

The  marriage  of  women  under  20  in  Cuba  was  more  common,  rela- 
tive to  the  married  of  all  ages,  than  in  the  United  States,  but  the 
marriage  of  men  under  25  was  decidedly  less  common.  This  difference 
is  doubtless  a  result  of  the  recent  economic  disasters  in  Cuba,  which 
have  greatly  increased  the  difficulty  of  supporting  a  wife  and  family. 
These  disasters  have  apparently  delayed  the  marriage  of  men,  but 
perhaps  not  of  women.  The  early  marriages  of  women  may  no  doubt 
be  connected  with  a  fact  to  appear  from  analysis  of  the  occupation 
tables  (p.  157),  that  the  proportion  of  women  engaged  in  gainful  occu- 
pations was  smaller  in  Cuba  than  in  Porto  Rico  or  the  United  States. 

The  married^  clarified  hy  sex  andage^  by  provinces, — In  the  following 
two  tables  the  analysis  of  marriage  by  sex  and  age  is  extended  to  the 
several  provinces. 


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124 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 
Per  cent  married,  liy  provinces  and  age  jyeriod*. 


MALES. 


Age  period. 

Habana 
city. 

0.8 
6.5 
17.7 
80.2 
41.9 
43.6 
87.8 
82.0 
11.1 

Habana, 

excluding 

city. 

MaUnsas. 

0.1 
4.2 
17.6 

ao.6 

87.2 
30.2 
20.6 
14.6 
8.8 

Pinar  del 
Rio. 

Puerto 
Principe. 

Santa 
Clara. 

0.2 
4.5 
18.6 
84.1 
42.5 
86.9 
26.2 
17.7 

Santiago. 

16-19 

0.2 
7.8 
26.3 
•    42.1 
49.5 
45.5 
87.9 
26.1 
5.9 

0.2 
6.1 
20.8 
87.8 
45.0 
44.7 
38.3 
24.7 

0.3 
7.7 
26.1 
44.4 
55.5 
58.7 
47.7 
82.1 

0.1 

20-24 

5.4 

25-29 

19.3 

30-34 

31.1 

35-44 

35.4 

45-54 

85.8 

55-64 

82.3 

65+ 

27.0 

Unknown  

27.3 

15+ 

24.2 

27.5 

20.0 

24.8 

8».5 

23.2 

22.3 

FEMALES. 


16-19 

6.0 
24.3 
35.5 
89.1 
85.5 
25.2 
14.9 

5.8 

7.1 
29.4 
45.1 
46.9 
41.0 
29.0 
19.0 

7.2 

8.7 
19.9 
83.6 
85.4 
80.7 
2L4 
11.5 

5.2 

7.1 
26.9 
39.8 
40.8 
89.9 
81.1 
19.4 

9.2 

8.7 
37.0 
60.6 
54.1 
49.8 
87.8 
23.9 
11.3 

5.8 
27.7 
42.5 
43.8 
38.6 
25.3 
13.9 

6.9 

5.5 

20.24 

23.4 

25-29 

33.7 

30-34 

83.1 

35-44 

28.8 

45-54 

20.5 

55-64 

12.6 

65+ 

6.8 

Unknown 

20.0 

15+ 

25.4 

29.6 

21.1 

27.7 

34.7 

27.1 

21.2 

The  highest  proportion  of  married  in  each  sex  and  at  each  age 
was  in  Puerto  Principe,  the  single  exception  being  among  the  males, 
25-29.  At  that  period  a  few  more  males  were  married  in  Habana 
province  outside  the  capital  than  in  Puerto  Principe.  The  smallest 
proportion  of  married  at  the  extremes  of  life,  15-29  and  55+  (or  45+ 
for  males),  was  found  for  both  sexes  in  Matanzas.  For  the  intervening 
age  periods  the  smallest  proportion  was  found,  with  one  slight  excep- 
tion, in  Santiago.  The  women  30-54  years  old  in  1899  were  all  under 
35  when  the  ten-years'  war,  which  was  fought  mainly  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  island,  ended  by  the  capitulation  of  El  Zanjon.  Hence 
they  lived  through  the  years  in  which  marriage  usually  occurs  amidst 
confusion  and  struggle  that  doubtless  postponed  or  prevented  many 
marriages.  This  may  explain  in  part  the  low  proportion  of  married 
women  30-54  years  of  age  in  Santiago. 

Among  men  the  highest  proportion  of  married  was  usually  in  the 
period  35-44,  but  in  the  city  of  Habana  and  in  Santiago  it  was  in  the 
later  period,  45-54.  Among  women  the  highest  proportion  was  in  the 
group  30-34,  but  in  Santiago  it  fell  five  years  earlier.  This  suggests 
that  there  was  probably  a  wider  average  difference  in  Santiago  than 
elsewhere  between  the  ages  of  husband  and  wife. 

T/ie  married  classified  h/rcwe, — In  a  previous  table  (p.  119)  it  appeared 
that  the  mtio  of  married  to  population  was  higher  in  Puerto  Principe 
and  lower  in  Santiago  than  in  any  other  province.  It  had  already 
appeared  (p.  96)  that  the  proportion  of  whiter  was  higher  in  Puerto 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


CUBA 

CONJUGAL   CONDITION 


SINGLE  im    LIVING  TOGETHER   BY   MUTUAL  CONSENT 

MARRIED  i  j    WIDOWED  «,<*,. o. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


Digitized  by 


Google 


THE   MARRIED   CLASSIFIED    BY    RACE. 


125 


Principe  and  lower  in  Santiago  than  in  any  other  province.  This  sug- 
gests that  white  blood  and  lawful  marriage  Aiay  be  related  phenomena. 
The  following  table  shows  that  they  vary  togetherthrough  the  provinces: 


Province. 


Puerto  Principe , 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

Habana  city 

Santa  Clara 

Pinardel  Rio , 

Matanzas  

Santiago 


Per  cent  of  total 

population. 

Married. 

White. 

19.5 

79.8 

18.8 

76.4 

17.8 

71.4 

16.0 

68.6 

16.7 

72.6 

18.4 

68.3 

12.3 

65.3 

Hence  it  seems  probable  that  legal  marriage  in  Cuba  was  more  com- 
mon among  the  whites  than  among  the  colored.  The  following  table 
raises  the  probability  to  a  certainty: 


Race. 


White.. 
Colored. 


Total  popu- 
lation. 


1,052,397 
520,400 


Lawfully  married.  I 


Number. 

Per 
cent. 

214,543 
31,808 

20.4 
6.1    1 

1 

Legal  marriage  was  more  than  thrice  as  general  among  the  whitens  as 
among  the  colored.  But  even  among  the  whites  it  was  not  much  more 
than  half  as  general  as  it  was  in  the  United  States.  In  two  former  cen- 
suses, those  of  1841  and  1861,  comparable  returns  have  been  made. 
From  them  the  following  table  has  been  compiled: 

Per  cent  married  among  total  population. 


White.. 
Colored. 


1841. 


10.4 

6.2 


22.8 
8.1 


20.4 
6.1 


In  both  races  marriage  is  less  frequent  than  forty  years  ago. 
In  the  following  table  the  analysis  of  the  subject  by  race  is  extended 
to  the  provinces: 


Province. 


Habana  (excluding  city) 

Habana  city 

Matanzas 

Pinar  del  Rio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba '. 


Per  cent  married.   | 
Whites.     Colored.  I 


22.6 
22.7 
21.1 
19.2 
21.4 
20.3 
16.6 


20.4 


6.7 
5.7 
2.6 
6.3 
12.1 
6.6 
7.1 


6.1 


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126 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


When  the  propoi'tion  of  married  in  each  province  is  obtained  for  the 
two  races  separately,  it  appears  that  white  and  black  were  affected  by 
different  influences.  The  highest  proportion  of  married  for  the  whites 
was  not  in  Puerto  Principe,  but  in  and  around  the  capital,  and  the  pro- 
portion in  the  other  provinces,  except  Santiago,  was  not  much  below 
that  in  Puerto  Principe.  In  this  last  province  the  high  relative  num- 
ber of  married  is  due  in  great  measure  to  the  fact  that  the  married 
among  the  colored  are  almost  twice  as  many  as  in  any  other  province. 
Matanzas  and  Puerto  Principe  furnish  a  striking  contrast.  In  each  the 
married  whites  were  about  one-fifth  the  total  whites,  but  among  the 
Puerto  Principe  colored  one  in  eight  were  married,  and  in  Matanzas 
only  one  in  thirty -eight. 

In  the  following  table  the  analysis  of  the  prevalence  of  lawful 
marriage  by  race  has  been  extended  to  the  fourteen  cities  separately 
reported: 


District 


Fourteen  cities  separately  reported. 
Rest  of  Cuba 


Per  cent  of  married 
among— 


Whites.     Colored. 


21.4 
19.0 


7.0 
5.7 


With  both  race«  marriage  is  slightly  more  common  in  cities  than  in 
the  rural  districts,  but  the  difference  for  the  whites  is  greater  than 
for  the  colored. 

The  marri^  classified  hy  race  m\d  sex, — The  following  table  shows 
the  number  of  married  by  race  and  sex: 


Race  and  sex. 

Total. 

Married. 

Number. 

Percent, 

White  males 

563,118 
489,284 
252,092 
268,308 

109,760 
104,783 
15,307 
16,501 

19.6 
21.4 
6.1 
6.2 

White  females 

Colored  males 

Colored  females 

This  shows  that  the  larger  proportion  of  married  among  the  females 
already  noted  (p.  120)  was  confined  ahnost  entirely  to  the  whites,  and 
supports  the  explanation  offered  that  the  excess  was  due  mainly  to  the 
immigration  of  husbands  without  their  wives. 

The  tnxj/rrwd  dassrjied  hy  race  and  age.— It  has  already  appeared  that 
maiTiage  was  more  than  three  times  as  common  among  whites  as 
among  colored.  The  same  was  true  of  the  people  over  16  as  appears 
from  the  following: 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE   MARRIED   CLASSIFIED   BT   RACE. 
Per  cent  married  in  Mai  aduU  population  (i5-|-). 


127 


Bace. 


White.. 
Colored. 


Per  cent 
married. 


32.4 
9.6 


In  the  following  table  the  per  cents  are  given  by  provinces  for  each 
race: 

Per  cent  married  in  total  adtdi  populadon  (lS-\'), 


Province. 


Habana  (city) 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

Matanxaa 

Pinardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cnba 


Whites. 

Colored. 

34.5 

8.0 

81.8 

9.9 

88.1 

8.9 

81.5 

10.5 

88.4 

19.1 

82.3 

9.8 

29.8 

12.4 

82.4 

9.6 

Among  both  races  marriage  was  much  more  common  in  Puerto  Prin- 
cipe than  in  any  other  province.  But  the  difference  was  more  marked 
among  the  colored  than  among  the  whites.  The  proportion  of  married 
among  the  colored  adults  of  Puerto  Principe  was  one-half  greater 
than  in  any  other  province.  But  among  the  white  adults  of  that  prov- 
ince the  married,  while  twice  as  numerous  as  among  the  colored,  were 
only  about  one-seventh  more  numerous  than  among  the  whites  in 
Habana  city.  Marriage  was  far  more  evenly  distributed  among  whites 
than  among  colored.  In  the  province  where  it  was  most  geneml  (Puerto 
Principe)  it  was  less  than  one-third  more  conunon  than  among  the 
whites  of  the  adjoining  province  of  Santiago,  where  the  proportion  of 
married  whites  was  lowest  But  among  the  colored  adults  of  Puerto 
Principe  marriage  was  almost  five  times  as  conunon  as  among  the  col- 
ored adults  of  Matanzas.  The  table  shows  that  the  local  influences 
favorable  to  marriage  differed  widely  for  the  two  races.  To  show  this 
more,  clearly  the  provinces  may  be  arranged  in  the  order  of  the  preva- 
lence of  marriage  among  white  and  among  colored  adults  as  follows: 

Provinces  arranged  in  the  order  of  increasing  prevalence  of  marriage  among — 


White  adults: 
Santiago. 
.    Habana  (excluding  city). 
Pinar  del  Rio. 
Banta  Clara. 
Matanzas. 
Habana  (cit)r). 
Pu^to  Principe. 


Colored  adults: 
Matanzas. 
Habana  (city). 
Banta  Clara. 

Habana  (excluding  city). 
Pinar  del  Rio. 
Santiago. 
Puerto  Principe. 


No  relation  whatever  can  be  discerned  between  these  two  series. 
Why  should  Santiago  have  few  marriages  among  whites  and  many 


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128 


REPORT   ON    THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


among  colored,  or  Matnnzas  few  among  t'olored  and   many  among 
whites  if 

The  marrltd  ehiHHiJif'd  by  race  and  sej*  a  fid  age,  — In  the  following 
table  the  proportion  of  married  in  the  adult  population  of  each  sex  and 
i*ace  is  stated. 


Adult 
population 

(15+). 

Married. 

Rare  aud  Hex. 

Number. 

Per 

cent.  ! 

White  malen 

364,261 
157.855 
299.022 
174,623 

109,760 
15.307 

104.783 
16,501 

30.1 
9.7 

35.0 
9.5 

Colored  malen 

White  females 

Colored  femalen 

In  preceding  paragraphs  it  has  appeared  that  the  proportion  of 
married  women  in  Cuba  was  slightly  greater  than  the  proiK)rtion  of 
married  men  (p.  120),  and  that  this  difference  was  confined  to  the  whites 
(p.  12());  that  the  difference  between  the  sexes  for  the  total  population 
was  less  than  1  per  cent,  but  for  the  whites  alone  was  nearly  2  per  cent 
The  last  table  shows  that  for  white  adults  the  difference  between  the 
two  sexes  was  nearly  5  per  cent. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  in  the  same  way,  by  sex 
and  race  for  the  seveml  provinces. 

Per  cent  ofadull  j)opulalion  (h'i-\-)  of  nex  and  race  ^pecifiM  who  were  married. 


Provliu'c. 


Habena  (city) 

Habana  (exeludinK  city) 

MatanzHs 

FlnardelRio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 


Males. 

Femalea. 

White. 

28.4 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 
7.3 

9.0 

35.4 

82.6 

9.9 

36.8 

9.8 

31.0 

3  9 

36.6 

3  8 

28.8 

10.5 

35.0 

10.4 

37.5 

18.8 

:«.4 

19.4 

29.4 

9.2 

36.0 

10.4 

28.9 

13.1 

29.8 

11.9 

From  the  preceding  table  it  appears  that  among  white  adults  the  pro- 
portion of  married  females  was  greater  in  each  province  than  the  pro- 
portion of  married  males.  Among  colored  adults  in  five  of  the  seven 
provinces  the  reverse  was  true.  The  difference  is  due  to  the  excess  of 
males  among  white  adults  and  of  females  among  colored  adults.  In  all 
monogamous  countries,  if  either  sex  is  decidedly  in  the  minority,  it  is 
almost  sure  to  have  a  larger  proportion  of  married  than  the  sex  which 
outnumbers  it.  Among  the  white  adults  of  Cuba  54.9  per  cent  were 
male,  but  among  the  colored  adults  only  47.6  per  cent  wei-e  male. 
Hence  the  chance  of  marriage  in  the  one  race  is  greater  among  females, 
and  in  the  other  greater  among  males.  This  excess  of  males  among 
white  adults  appeared  in  every  province  of  Cuba,  and  accordingly  the 
higher  proj^ortion  of  married  among  females  was  equally  general.  The 
excess  of  females  among  colored  adults  api^eared  in  five  of  the  seven 


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THE   MABBIED   CLASSIFIED   BY   BAOE. 


129 


divisions,  and  in  each  of  these  five  the  proportion  of  married  was  higher 
among  colored  males.  Santa  Clara  had  more  colored  men  than  women, 
and  accordingly,  in  that  province,  the  proportion  of  married  was  higher 
among  colored  women.  In  Puerto  Principe,  while  the  women  were 
slightly  in  excess  (51.7  per  cent)  among  colored  adults,  the  slight  dif- 
ference was  probably  offset  by  the  earlier  age  at  which  women  marry. 
In  the  following  table  the  facts  for  all  Cuba  are  given  by  sex  and 
^i-ace  and  eight  age  periods. 

Per  cent  of  married  in  population  group  o/seXy  race,  and  age  specified. 


Age  period. 

Males, 

Females. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

15-19 

0.2 
6.2 
28.1 
40.4 
61.0 
64.7 
52.6 
44.2 
12.6 

0.1 
8.8 
10.3 
16.4 
.17.7 
12.7 
8.8 
7.0 
6.9 

7.6 
88.4 
61.1 
64.8 
60.0 
87.6 
28.1 
10.9 
16.7 

2.6 
10.8 
16.7 
14.9 
12.8 
8.0 
6.1 
2.8 

20-24 

26-29 

30-34 

86-14 

45-64 

65-64 

65+ 

Unknown 

Total  adults  (16+) 

80.1 

9.7 

86.0 

9.6 

Marriage  was  about  3.1  times  as  general  among  white  men  as  among 
colored  men,  but  3.7  times  as  general  among  white  women  as  among 
colored  women,  the  difference  being  due,  as  just  explained,  to  the  excess 
of  white  men  and  of  colored  women  in  Cuba.  Taking  these  ratios  as 
the  standard,  it  appears  from  the  preceding  table  that  prior  to  the  age 
of  30,  and  for  males  prior  to  the  age  of  45,  the  proportion  of  married 
among  colored  was  uniformly  higher  than  when  all  ages  are  included. 
This  suggests  that  relatively  to  the  white  the  generation  of  colored 
which  has  grown  up  since  emancipation  have  entered  upon  legal  mar- 
riage rather  more  commonly  than  their  parents  did.  The  difference 
may  also  be  connected  with  the  excess  of  males  among  the  aged  col 
ored.  At  each  of  the  age  periods  above  46  the  colored  males  outnum- 
bered the  females.  There  were  12,897  colored  persons  born  in  Africa 
reported  by  this  census  (Table  XI),  the  great  majority  in  the  higher  age 
groups,  and  nearly  three-fifths  (69  per  cent)  were  males.  Then,  too, 
there  were  14,614  colored  persons  bom  in  China,  most  of  whom  also 
belonged  to  the  higher  ages,  and  of  these  practically  all  (99.7  per 
cent)  were  males.  That,  notwithstanding  this  difference,  a  larger  pro- 
portion of  the  colored  men  than  of  colored  women  at  those  ages  were 
married  must  be  due  to  the  marriage  by  old  men  of  younger  women. 

Themarried  clamjied  ly  place  ofhwih. — ^The  tables  make  it  possible 
to  analyze  the  conjugal  condition  of  the  population  of  Cuba  witn  refer- 
ence to  one  further  element — nativity.     This  tabulation  is  confined  to 
the  white  race  alone.     The  question  may  be  asked:   Was  marriage 
24062 9 


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BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS    OF   CUBA,  1899. 


more  common  among  native  whites  or  foreign-bom  whites?    The 
following  table  appears  to  give  an  answer: 


Nativity. 

ToUl 
number. 

Married. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Native  whites 

910,299 
142,098 

169,854 
45,189 

18.6 
31.8 

Foreign-bom  whites 

These  figures  seem  to  show  that  marriage  was  far  more  common 
among  the  foreign-born  than  among  the  native.  But  no  such  infer- 
ence is  warranted,  because  the  inunigrant  population  of  Cuba  is  com- 
posed mainly  of  adults  of  marriageable  age.  Of  the  native  white 
population  over  two-fifths  (42.1  per  cent)  were  under  15  years  of  age, 
while  of  the  foreign-born  whites  only  one  twenty-fifth  (4  per  cent) 
were  in  those  age  periods.  When  the  children  of  both  classes  are 
excluded  the  figures  tell  a  different  story,  as  follows: 


Nativity. 

Number  of 

adults  15 

years  and 

over. 

Married. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Native  whites 

526,867 
186,416 

169,854 
45,189 

32.1 
33.1 

Foreign-bom  whites 

With  this  correction  introduced  it  appears  that  the  proportion  of 
married  in  the  two  classes  was  almost  the  same,  but  with  the  foreign- 
ers slightly  larger.  As  the  difference  is  so  slight,  it  may  be  affected 
by  the  sex  composition  of  the  two  classes.  Hence  that  further  classi- 
fication is  introduced  in  the  table  below: 


NaUvity. 

Number  of 

adults  16 

years  and 

over. 

Married.          1 

1 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Native  white  males 

251,655 
112,606 
275,212 
23,810 

75,454 
34,306 
93,900 
10,883 

80.0 
80.5 
84.1 
45.7 

Foreign-bom  white  males 

Native  wh  i  te  females 

Foreign-bom  white  females 

The  table  seems  to  show  that  foreign-bom  white  men  were  married 
in  slightly  greater  proportion  than  native  white  men,  and  foreign-born 
white  women  in  far  greater  proportion  than  native  white  women;  but 
although  all  persons  under  16  have  been  excluded,  yet  the  adult  native 
whites  must  have  had  a  far  larger  proportion  than  the  foreign-bom 
have  in  the  ages  15-26,  at  which  marriage  is  comparatively  infrequent. 
Hence  the  question  can  not  be  decisively  answered  until  the  proportion 
of  married  for  each  age  period  is  ascertained.     This  is  done  in  the 


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131 


following  table,  and  to  economize  attention  only  the  per  cents  are 
given: 

Per  cent  married  ofpopulaUon  in  teXy  doss,  and  age  specified. 


Age  period. 

White  males. 

White  females. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

15-19 

.3 
7.2 
27.3 
45.6 
54.1 
66.9 
62.8 
62.8 
8.8 

.2 
4.0 
16.6 
81.0 
46.4 
82.9 
61.9 
44.6 
18.7 

7.4 
82.7 
50.6 
54.2 
49.1 
36.6 
22.8 
10.4 

9.1 

14.9 
46.3 
58.7 
61.1 
67.6 
44.8 
27.7 
13.2 

20-24 

26-29 

ao-S4 

86-44 

46-64 

66-64 

66- 

Unknown  ........  r .  r  r ....  ^ ...  ^ 

With  this  table  a  final  answer  is  reached  to  the  question  under 
examination.  At  every  age  period  the  native  white  men  were  married 
in  greater  proportions  than  the  inmaigrant  white  men,  but  the  immigrant 
white  women  were  married  in  greater  proportions  than  the  native  white 
women.  This  doubtless  means  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  women 
who  have  gone  to  Cuba  from  elsewhere  have  gone  with  their  husbands. 

PERSONS      LIVING     TOGETHER     AS     HUSBAND     AND     WIFE     BY     MUTUAL 

CX)N8ENT. 

On  the  schedules  in  the  present  census  there  are  many  cases  in 
which  a  man  and  woman  of  about  the  same  age  were  reported  as  occu- 
pying the  same  house  but  as  bearing  different  names  and  standing  in 
no  admitted  relations  to  each  other.  In  most  cases  the  census  family 
included  one  or  more  children  bearing  the  woman's  name.  All  such 
census  families  were  tabulated  as  cases  of  persons  cohabiting  as 
husband  and  wife  without  formal  legal  sanction  upon  the  union,  and 
the  children  were  tabulated  as  technically  illegitimate.  Any  one 
familiar  with  Cuban  life  knows  that  in  certain  classes  and  regions  such 
unions  are  frequent  and  often  as  permanent  and  secure  as  good  care 
and  nurture  for  the  children  as  if  the  law  had  sanctioned  the  rela- 
tion. It  was  impossible  to  detect  from  the  schedules  every  such  case, 
and  in  some  few  instances  persons  may  have  been  assigned  to  this 
class  by  an  error,  but  probably  whatever  mistakes  occurred  have 
usually  been  of  omission.  This  is  the  first  time  that  such  a  return  has 
ever  been  tabulated,  and  therefore  no  comparisons  can  be  made  with 
past  Cuban  censuses  or  with  censuses  of  other  countries  except  Porto 
Rico.  The  returns  for  these  two  countries  under  this  head  were  as 
follows: 


Oonntry. 

Total  popu- 
lation. 

Living 

mutual 
consent. 

Per  cent 

living 
together. 

Cub* 

1,672.797 
963,248 

181,732 
84,241 

8.4 

8.8 

Porto  Rioo 

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REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   OUBA,   1899. 


In  each  country  about  1  person  in  12  was  living  in  such  relations,  but 
the  proportion  was  slightly  less  in  Cuba  than  in  Porto  Rico.  A  fairer 
comparison  may  be  made  with  the  married  couples.  For  every  two 
lawful  unions  there  is  one  union  by  mutual  consent. 

The  several  provinces  of  Cuba  have  the  following  proportions  of 
pei*8ons  living  together  by  mutual  consent: 


Province. 


Puerto  Principe . 

Habana , 

Pinar  del  Rio 

Santa  Clara 

Matanzas 

Santiago  de  Cuba 


Total  popu- 
lation. 


88,284 
424.804 
178,064 


202,444 
827,716 


Living  together  by 
mutual  conient. 


Number. 


8,506 
28,780 
12,886 
26,607 
20,942 
88,662 


Per 
cent. 


8.9 
6.8 
7.2 
7.6 
10.4 
12.1 


Reference  to  a  preceding  table  shows  that  the  provinces  arranged 
as  above  in  the  order  of  increasing  proportion  of  persons  living 
together  agree  closely  with  the  provinces  arranged  in  the  order  of 
decreasing  proportion  of  married  (p.  119).  The  two  are  brought 
together  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 


Percent 
living  to- 
gether SB 
huBband 
and  wife  by 
mutual 
consent 


Puerto  Principe 

Habana  

Pinar  del  Rio. . . 

Santa  Clara 

Matanuw 

Santiago 

Cuba 


8.9 
6.8 
7.2 
7.6 
10.4 
12.1 


8.4 


Percent 
legally 
married. 


19.6 
18.8 
16.7 
16.0 
18.4 
12.8 


16.7 


Percent 
belonging 
to  either 


23.5 
26.1 
22.9 
23.6 
28.8 
24.4 


24.0 


In  Santiago  there  were  three  times  as  many  of  these  unions  as  in  the 
adjoining  province  of  Puerto  Principe,  but  as  an  offset  there  were  in 
Santiago  less  than  two-thirds  as  many  married  persons  as  in  the  neigh- 
boring province. 

The  figures  for  the  14  cities  separately  reported  are  as  follows: 


City. 


Cardenas 

Cienfucgos 

Guanabucoa 

Habana 

ManzanlHo 

Matanzas 

Pinar  del  Rio.. 
Puerto  Principe 


Per  cent 

living 

together. 


7.3 
8.4 
8.0 
7.7 
10.0 
7.7 
7.7 
3.1 


City. 


Regla 

SagualaQrande. 
Sancti  Spiritus . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Trinidad 

Total  cities 


Percent 

living 

together. 


6.3 
9.0 
S.7 
6.9 
7.7 
6.2 


7.4 


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0ON8ENTUAL   MARRIAGES. 


133 


In  9  of  the  14  cities  the  relative  number  of  persons  living  together 
was  less  than  in  the  entire  province  containing  the  city,  while  in  5 
cities  it  was  greater.  The  difference  between  urban  and  rural  pop- 
ulation in  this  regard  is  summarized  in  the  following  two  tables  for 
the  island  and  its  provinces: 


Population. 

Living  together  by 
mutual  comment. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

14  cities  aep&rately  reported 

491,504 
1,081,293 

36,600 
96,232 

7.4 

8.8 

Rest  of  Cuba 

Total 

1,672,797 

131,732 

8.4 

This  is  not  a  conclusive  proof  that  the  cities  have  a  smaller  propor- 
tion of  persons  living  together  than  the  surrounding  rural  districts, 
for  the  cities  are  massed  in  the  western  central  part  of  the  island. 
Hence  it  seems  best  to  treat  the  urban  and  rural  districts  of  each  prov- 
ince separately,  as  is  done  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 

Per  cent  living  together 
by  mutual  consent- 

In  urban 
districts. 

In  rural 
districts. 

Puerto  Principe .    .         

3.1 
7.7 
7.7 
7.2 
7.6 
8.2 

4.3 
5.3 
7.1 
7.5 
11.5 
12.9 

Habana 

Pinardel  Rio 

Santa  Clara 

Mfttanisas .  .     .     . 

BAntiago ................ ...  . .           .  x .  x. ........ . 

The  relative  number  of  persons  living  together  without  being  law- 
fully married  was  greater  in  the  four  cities  of  Pinar  del  Rio  and  Habana 
provinces  than  in  the  rural  districts,  but  elsewhere  the  cities  had  a 
smaller  number  than  the  country.  The  rural  districts  of  Matanzas 
and  Santiago  are  evidently  the  regions  in  which  this  mode  of  family 
life  is  most  prevalent. 

There  were  25  municipal  districts  out  of  132,  or  nearly  1  in  5,  in 
which  the  number  of  consentual  unions  exceeded  the  number  of  legal 
marriages.  But  only  1  of  the  14  cities  separately  reported,  Manza- 
nillo,  is  included  in  any  of  the  25  districts.  Three  provinces,  Puerto 
Principe,  Santa  Clara,  and  Habana,  had  no  such  district.  Pinar  del 
Rio  had  3  adjoining  each  other  on  the  north  coast  and  Santiago  had  11 
stretching  along  the  south  coast  from  Niquero  to  Guantanamo.  The 
other  11  were  in  Matanzas. 

Classification  hy  sex. — Of  the  131,732  persons  reported  as  living 
together,  65,793  were  males  and  65,939  were  females.  As  there  were 
over  50,000  more  males  than  females  in  Cuba  (p.  80),  the  proportion  of 
females  living  in  marriage  relations  unsanctioned  by  law  (8.7  per 
cent)  was  greater  than  the  proportion  of  males  (8.1  per  cent). 


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134 


REPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Cldsdjicdtion  hy  age. — Drawing  the  line  at  fifteen  years  between 
those  who  were  and  those  who  were  not  old  enough  to  marry  one  finds 
the  following  result: 


Country. 

Total  pop- 

ulatfon 

16+. 

Uving  together. 

Number. 

Per 
cent 

Cuba 

995,761 
534.941 

181,732 
84,241 

13.2 

Porto  Rico 

15.7 

As  the  proportion  of  children  under  15  was  much  less  in  Cuba  than  in 
Porto  Rico,  the  difference  between  the  two  islands  already  noted  (p.  131) 
was  not  clearly  defined  by  the  table  there  given,  showing  the  propor- 
tion of  persons  living  together  to  the  population  of  all  ages.  The 
table  just  given  is,  therefore,  a  more  exact  measure  of  the  difference 
between  the  two  islands.  In  the  following  table  the  figures  for  Cuba 
are  given  by  provinces: 

Per  cent  of  adults  (16-\-)  who  were  living  together  by  mutual  consent, 

Puerto  Principe 7.0 

Ilabana  (excluding  city) 8. 4 

Habana  (city) 10.7 

Santa  Clara 11.7 

PinardelRio 11.8 

Matanzas 15. 9 

Santiago 21.3 

Cuba 13.2 

There  is  but  one  difference  between  the  order  of  the  provinces  here 
and  that  in  the  table  already  given  (p.  132).  Among  adults,  as  shown 
in  this  table,  Santa  Clara  had  a  slightly  larger  proportion  of  persons 
living  together  than  Pinar  del  Rio,  while  in  the  total  population  the 
relation  is  reversed.  It  is  due  to  the  fact,  brought  out  in  the  discus- 
sion of  the  age  tables  (pw  91),  that  Pinar  del  Rio  had  more  children  and 
fewer  adults  than  Santa  Clara. 

In  the  following  table  the  relative  number  of  persons  living  together 
by  mutual  consent  to  the  total  population  is  given  for  the  several  age 
periods.  For  purposes  of  comparison  a  second  column  reports  the 
proportion  of  persons  married  in  Cuba  at  the  same  age  periods.  As 
both  these  classes  together  include  probably  about  all  who  were  married 
either  by  mutual  consent  alone  or  with  the  sanction  of  the  law,  a  third 
column  gives  the  proportion  that  the  sum  of  these  two  classes  makes 
to  the  total  population  of  the  age  named,  and  for  comparative  pur- 
poses the  figures  for  the  United  States  are  added  in  a  fourth  column. 


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135 


Age  period, 

Per  cent 
living  to- 
gether. 

•Percent 
married 

Total. 

Percent 

married 

in  United 

States. 

16-19 

2.6 
9.5 
14.6 
17.9 
19.1 
17.7 
15.2 
12.4 
4.7 

8.2 
15.4 
28.8 
87.1 
89.8 
83.0 
24.0 
14.9 

9.4 

5.8 
24.9 
48.4 
•       66.0 
68.4 
60.7 
89.2 
27.8 
14.1 

6.0 
82.8 
61.7 
76.8 
80.8 
79.3 
71.8 
68.8 
83.1 

20-24 

25-29 

80-84 

86-44 

46-54 

65-64 

65+ 

Unknown .....rr.r^. 

Total  16+ 

13.2 

24.7 

87.9 

65.3 

It  will  be  noticed  that  between  the  ages  of  25  and  55  the  proportion 
of  persons  married  was  uniformly  about  double  the  proportion  of  per- 
sons living  together  without  marriage,  but  in  the  younger  and  older 
age  periods  the  proportion  of  persons  living  together  to  those  married 
was  higher.  The  larger  proportion  between  15  and  25  suggests  that 
unions  of  this  sort  are  entered  upon  at  a  somewhat  younger  age  than 
ceremonial  marriage.  This  may  best  be  tested  by  finding  what  pro- 
portion of  the  total  number  of  each  class  were  under  25.  Among  the 
married  about  one-ninth  (11.9  per  cent)  were  under  25,  but  of  the 
persons  living  together  without  a  marriage  ceremony  about  one-seventh 
(14.6  per  cent)  were  under  25. 

The  large  proportion  of  persons  over  65  who  were  living  together  by 
mutual  consent  is  probably  connected  with  the  presence  in  Cuba  of 
many  aged  negroes  bom  in  Africa  and  imported  before  slavery  was 
abolished  or  the  slave  trade  effectually  suppressed.  It  is  probable 
that  such  persons  before  living  together  seldom  go  through  a  formal 
ceremony  of  marriage.  There  were  also  many  Chinese  males  in  Cuba 
and  their  median  age  was  over  53  years.  The  same  remark  would  hold 
true  of  them.  The  decreasing  proportion  of  colored  to  the  total  pop- 
ulation of  Cuba  during  the  last  forty  years  is  also  a  factor  to  be  con- 
sidered in  explaining  the  difference. 

Classification  hy  o/ge  and  sex, — ^As  the  age  during  which  marriage, 
lawful  or  unlawful,  occurs  varies  widely  with  the  sex,  it  is  important 
to  supplement  the  age  analysis  already  given  by  one  in  which  the  sex 
difference  is  also  included.  That  is  done  in  the  following  table,  in 
which  the  proportion  of  persons  living  together  at  each  period  and  for 
each  sex  is  given.  The  proportions  of  persons  married  of  the  same 
sex  and  the  same  age  are  added  in  parallel  colunms,  and  as  these  two 
together  make  up  the  total  of  persons  living  in  any  sort  of  marriage 
relationship  in  Cuba,  a  third  column  gives  the  total,  while  a  fourth 
column  gives  the  proportion  of  persons  of  the  same  sex  and  age 
married  in  the  United  States  in  1890.  In  each  column  the  maximum 
ratio  is  marked  by  a  +  prefixed. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


136 


BBPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Males. 

Females. 

Age  period. 

Married. 

Uving 
together. 

Total. 

Married 
males  in 
United 
States 
(1890). 

Married. 

Uving 
together. 

Total. 

Married 
females 

in 
United 
States 
(1890). 

16-19 

0.2 
6.6 
20.0 
84.8 
+42.1 
89.4 
81.6 
28.1 

0.4 
6.6 
12.2 
16.8 
18.9 
+19.7 
18.6 
17.0 

0.6 
11.0 
82.2 
60.6 
+61.0 
69.1 
60.1 
40.1 

0.6 
18.9 
62.7 
71.8 
80.9 
+84.8 
82.8 
70.6 

6.0 
25.9 
88.8 
+40.4 
86.8 
26.8 
16.0 

6.7 

4.6 
18.8 
17.4 
+19.8 
19.4 
15.2 
11.2 

7.7 

10.6 
39.7 
56.2 
+60.2 
65.2 
40.6 
26.2 
U.4 

9.5 

20-24 

46.7 

26-29 

71.4 

79.8 

86-44 

+80.6 

46-64 

73.9 

60.4 

66+ 

85.4 

Total  16+ 

24.0 

12.6 

86.6 

64.1 

26.6 

18.9 

89.5 

56.8 

In  the  preceding  table  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  maximum  propor- 
tion of  persons  married  was  reached  in  Cuba  for  each  sex  ten  years 
earlier  than  in  the  United  States.  It  may  be  that  this  is  a  remote 
result  of  the  ten  years'  war,  1868-1878.  It  is  a  familiar  fact  that 
marriages  decrease  during  periods  of  war  or  serious  economic  calam- 
ities. This  fact  is  conspicuously  illustrated  by  the  vital  statistics  of 
Cuba  during  the  last  ten  years,  discussed  elsewhere  in  the  present  vol- 
ume (Appendix  XVIII).  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that  the  number  of 
marriages  in  Cuba  during  the  ten  years  1868-1878  was  materially 
reduced  and  that  the  number  of  marriages  celebrated  after  the  capitu- 
lation of  El  Zanjon  was  above  the  normal.  Many  men  over  45  years 
of  age  may  have  been  prevented  from  marrying  by  the  disturbances 
during  the  years  of  their  early  manhood,  and,  on  the  contrary,  men 
between  35  and  44  would  have  been  at  the  threshold  of  the  age  at 
which  marriage  is  most  common,  when  peace  returned  to  Cuba  in  1878. 
This  hypothesis  may  also  explain  the  proportion  of  children  in  Cuba 
between  10  and  20,  which  was  shown  in  the  discussion  of  age  (p.  85) 
to  be  larger  than  in  the  United  States  or  Porto  Rico.  Such  children, 
aside  from  the  few  immigrants,  must  have  been  born  in  Cuba  between 
1879  and  1888. 

The  preceding  table  shows  that  for  every  100  married  men  over 
15  years  of  age  there  were  52  living  together  by  mutual  consent 
(126 -T- 240 =52. 5  per  cent),  and  for  every  100  married  women  over 
15  years  of  age  there  were  54  living  together  by  mutual  consent.  The 
difference  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  married  men  in  Cuba  outnumbered 
by  3,783  the  married  women.  The  ratio  of  those  living  together  by 
mutual  consent  to  the  married  was  below  the  average  for  males 
25  to  54  years  of  age  and  for  females  20  to  44  years  of  age.  The 
proportion  of  persons  living  together  by  mutual  consent  was  therefore 
excessive  in  both  sexes  during  the  earlier  and  later  years  of  life. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CON8ENTUAL   MLA.KBIAGES. 


137 


Cl(i8djication  hy  race, — ^The  following  table  gives  the  fact«  by  i-ace 
in  the  briefest  way: 


Race. 

Population. 

Persons  living  to- 
gether by  mutual 
consent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

White 

1,052,397 
520,400 

50,027 
81,706 

4.8 
15.7 

Colored  

Total 

1,572,797 

131,732 

8.4 

Legal  marriage  has  already  (p.  125)  been  shown  to  be  more  than  three 
times  as  common  among  whites  as  among  colored.  The  present  table 
shows  that  unions  by  mutual  consent  were  more  than  three  times  acs 
prevalent  among  colored  as  among  whites.  The  comparison  may  be 
made  more  clear  by  the  following  table: 


Race. 

Number 
lawfully 
married. 

Persons  living  to- 
gether by  mutual 
consent. 

Number. 

To  each 
100  mar- 
ried. 

White 

214,543 
31,808 

50,027 
81,705 

23 
257 

Colored 

Total 

246,351 

131,732 

63 

Of  the  total  unions  among  whites  81  per  cent  were  lawful  marriages. 
Of  the  total  unions  among  colored  28  per  cent  were  lawful  marriages. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  by  race  for  the  several 
provinces: 


Province. 


Habanacity 

Habana  (excluHive  of  city) 

Matanzas 

PinardelRlo 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Total 


Whites, 


Married. 


Living 

together  by 

mutual 

consent. 


38,247 
32,500 
24,907 
24,131 
16,057 
49,6(M 
80,097 


214,543 


7,807 
3,819 
8,762 
6,263 
2,220 
9,507 
16,649 


60,027 


Colored. 


Married. 


8,824 
2.976 
2,180 
2,969 
2,153 
7,321 
10,386 


31,808 


Living 

together  by 

mutual 

consent. 


10,446 
6,658 

17,180 
6,123 
1,285 

17,100 

22,913 


81,705 


Living  together  to 
each  100  married. 


White. 


Colored. 


273 
224 
788 
206 
60 
234 
221 


257- 


This  table  brings  out  noteworthy  differences  between  the  several 
provinces  and  shows  that  the  differences  do  not  run  parallel  for  the 
two  races.  Among  whites  the  smallest  proportion  of  consentual 
unions  to  lawful  marriages  was  in  Habana  province  outside  the  city, 
where  only  about  1  union  in  9  was  merely  consentual.  At  the  opposite 
extreme  comes  Santiago,  where  among  whites  more  than  1  union  in 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


138 


BEPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 


3  was  merely  consentual.  Next  to  Santiago,  but  at  a  long  remore, 
comes  the  province  at  the  other  end  of  the  island,  Pinar  del  Rio,  where 
about  1  union  in  5  was  by  consent  only.  Among  colored,  the  province 
having  the  fewest  merely  consentual  unions,  Puerto  Principe,  had  about 
1  in  3,  or  rather  more  of  such  unions  than  the  province  of  Santiago 
had  among  whites.  Next  to  Puerto  Principe  at  a  long  interval  comes 
Pinar  del  Rio,  where  there  were  2  unions  by  consent  among  colored  for 
each  lawful  marriage.  Matanzas  stands  out  conspicuously  in  the  column 
for  colored,  with  nearly  8  consentual  unions  for  1  legal  marriage,  a 
proportion  about  thrice  as  great  as  in  any  other  province.  It  is  note- 
worthy that  the  provinces  in  which  this  form  of  married  life  was  least 
common  among  colored,  Puerto  Principe  and  Pinar  del  Rio,  are  those 
in  which  the  colored  formed  the  smallest  proportion  of  the  population, 
and  the  province  in  which  consentual  unions  were  most  common 
among  whites,  Santiago,  is  the  one  in  which  the  whites  are  but  little 
more  than  half  the  population. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  separately  for  urban  and 
rural  Cuba,  and  as  the  conditions  in  Habana  city  are  often  widely  dif- 
ferent from  the  average  conditions  in  other  Cuban  cities,  urban  Cuba 
has  been  subdivided  into  Habana  and  the  remaining  13  cities  separately 
reported: 


White. 

Colored. 

Living  together  to 
each  100  married. 

Division. 

Married. 

Living 

together  by 

mutual 

consent 

Married. 

Living 

together  by 

mutual 

consent. 

White. 

Colored. 

Hftbana  city 

38,247 
82,142 
144,164 

7.807 
7,167 
35,068 

8,824 
8,013 
19,971 

10,446 
11,080 
60,179 

20 
22 
24 

278 

Thirteen  other  cities 

138 

Rest  of  Cuba 

301 

This  table  shows  that  among  both  races  consentual  unions  were  most 
common  in  the  rural  districts,  but  that  for  the  white  race  the  minimum 
of  such  unions  was  found  in  Habana  city,  while  for  the  colored  race 
the  minimum  was  in  the  other  13  cities,  and  that  the  proportion  of 
consentual  unions  among  colored,  both  in  the  rural  districts  and  in 
Habana,  is  double  the  average  for  the  other  cities.  It  will  be  of 
interest  to  see  whether  the  same  relation  holds  when  both  consentual 
unions  and  lawful  marriages  are  compared  with  the  population.  This 
comparison  is  made  in  the  following  table: 


Division. 

Population. 

Married. 

Living  together. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Habana  citv 

168.433 
169,646 
724,319 

67,548 
96,878 
856,974 

38,247 
82,142 
144,164 

8,824 
8,018 
19,971 

7,807 

7,167 

86,063 

10,446 

Thirteen  other  cities 

11.080 

Rest  of  Cuba 

60,179 

Total 

1,062,897 

620,400 

214,648 

81,808 

60,027 

81,706 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OONSENTUAL  MABBIAOES.  189 

From  the  preceding  table  the  following  percentages  are  computed: 


DivlBioii. 

Per  cent  married. 

Per  cent  living 
together. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Habazut  city 

22.7 
20.1 
19.9 

5.7 
8.4 
6.6 

4.6 
4.5 

4.8 

15.5 
11.6 
16.9 

Thirteen  otner  cities 

Rest  of  Cuba 

Total 

20.4 

6.1 

4.8 

15.7 

This  table  confirms  the  preceding  in  showing  that  for  both  races 
consentual  unions  were  most  common  in  the  rural  districts.  An  appar- 
ent difference  of  result  between  the  two  methods  is  that  the  former 
indicated  that  among  whites  consentual  unions  were  least  common  in 
Habana  city  while  this  table  fixes  the  minimum  of  such  unions  in 
the  13  other  cities.  The  two  may  be  reconciled  by  noticing  that  the 
proportion  of  married  to  population  among  whites  in  Habana  was 
decidedly  greater  than  in  the  other  cities.  Hence  when  the  consentual 
unions  are  compared  with  the  numevDus  legal  marriages  as  in  the  fii*st 
table,  they  appear  fewer  than  they  do  when  compared  with  the  popu- 
lation. These  secondary  cities  had  the  smallest  proportion  of  con- 
sentual unions  for  each  race,  but  by  an  interesting  anomaly  they  had 
the  largest  proportion  of  married  among  the  colored.  It  may  be  that 
the  social  standards  or  economic  situation  of  the  colored  in  these 
cities  is  somewhat  higher  than  elsewhere,  or  it  may  be  that  the  cities 
lie  mainly  in  the  center  of  the  island  and  reflect  the  average  condi- 
tions in  their  immediate  vicinity.  The  last  possibility  may  be  tested 
by  the  following  table: 

Urban  papulation. 


DiviBion. 


Population. 


White.     Colored. 


Married. 


White.     Colored. 


Living  together. 
White.     Colored. 


Guanabacoa,  Regla,  and  Habana  city . . . 

Cardenaa  and  Matanzaa 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe 

Cienfuegofl,  Sitfua  la  Grande.  Sancti  Spir- 

ituf.  Santa  Clara,  and  Trinidad 

Manzanillo  and  Santiago 

Total 


186,916 
38,618 
5,933 
17,788 

50,874 
27,961 


74,394 

19,696 

2,947 

7,314 

29,471 
29,608 


42,292 
8,248 
1,178 
3,987 

9,629 
5,066 


4,216 
992 
146 


2,485 
3,029 


8.610 

1,430 

318 

418 

2,510 
1,688 


11,469 

2,992 

368 

867 

8.274 
3,066 


828,079 


163,425 


70,389 


11,837 


14.974 


21,526 


The  following  table  shows  the  same  facts  in  the  form  of  percentages: 
Per  cent  urban  population. 


Division. 


Married. 


White.     Colored. 


Living  together. 


White.     Colored. 


Gnanabacoa,  R^la,  and  Habana  city 

Cardenas  and  MatanxaA 

PinardelRio 

Poerto  Principe 

CienfuegoSjSagua  la  Grande,  Sancti  Spirltus,  Santa  Clara, 

andlTlnidaa 

Manzanillo  and  Santiago 


22.6 
21.4 
19.9 
22.4 

18.9 
18.1 


6.7 
5.0 
4.9 
13.2 

8.4 
10.2 


4.6 
3.7 
5.4 
2.3 

4.9 
6.0 


15.4 
15.2 
12.5 
5.0 

11.1 
10.3 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


140  BEPOET   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

In  the  following  table  are  shown  the  facts  for  the  rural  population: 

Rural  populalion. 


Province. 

Popnlation. 

Married. 

Living  together. 

White. 

125,675 
79.291> 

119,r.92 
52.  .-.99 

19:^  .H94 

153, 159 

Colored. 

37,820 
64,831 
44, 492 
10.533 
82.297 
117,002 

White. 

Colored. 

2,583 
1.188 
2,823 
1.184 
4,836 
7.357 

White. 

Colored, 

Habana 

28,455 
16,659 
22,963 
11,070 
89,975 
26,042 

8,016 
2,332 
6,945 
1,802 
6,997 
14,961 

5.636 
14,  I* 

5  7.S.S 

MatanzaM 

IMnardfl  Hio 

PiierU>  Principe 

9Is 

Santa  Clara 

13.836 
19,857 

Santiago 

Total 

724,318 

356,975 

144,  IM            10  071 

85,053 

60,179 

' 

Below  appe>ar  the  percentages  derived  from  this  table: 

IW  cent  runtl  ixtpuialion. 


Province. 


Habana  

Matanzaa 

Pinardel  Rio... 
Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 


Married. 

Living  together. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

'22.6 

6.8 

2.4 

14.9 

21.0 

1.8 

2.9 

21.9 

19.2 

6.3 

5.0 

12.9 

21.0 

11.2 

8.4 

8.7 

20.6 

5.9 

3.6 

16.8 

16.4 

6.3 

9.8 

17.0 

This  table  incidentally  reveals  the  proportion  of  white  and  of  colored 
in  the  urban  and  rural  districts  of  Cuba.  The  results  may  be  stated  as 
follows: 


Division. 

Per  cent  of— 

White. 

Colored. 

Habana  city 

72.4 
62.6 
67.0 

28.6 
37.4 
83.0 

Thirteen  other  cities . . 
Rural  district* 

The  whites  were  most  numerous  in  Habana  city,  the  colored  in  the 
13  other  cities  of  Cuba.  In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  each 
race  is  given  for  the  urban  and  rural  districts  of  each  province: 


Province. 

Per  cent  of  whites  in- 

Per  cent  of  colored  in- 

Urban  dis- 
tricts. 

Rural  dis- 
tricts. 

Urban  dis- 
tricts. 

Rural  diB- 
tricts. 

Habana  

71.6 
66.3 
66.8 
70.9 
G3.3 
48.6 

76.9 
65.1 
73.0 
83.2 
70.2 
66.7 

28.4 
83.7 
83.2 
29.1 
86.7 
61.4 

23.1 
44.9 
27.0 
16.8 
29.8 
43.8 

Matanzas 

Pinardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara. . . 

Santiago 

In  every  province  of  Cuba  except  Matanzas  the  whites  were  most 
largely  represented  in  the  rural  districts  and  the  colored  in  the  urban 
districts.     The  preeminence  of  Ilabana  city  in  its  proportion  of  white», 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CON8ENTUAL   MARRIAGES. 


141 


when  compared  with  the  other  cities  or  the  rural  districts  as  a  whole, 
disappears  when  it  is  compared  with  tiie  urban  districts  of  Habana, 
Pinar  del  Rio,  or  Puerto  Principe  provinces.  It  is  probable  that  the 
migration  of  colored  from  rural  districts  to  cities  in  quest  of  employ- 
ment has  exercised  greater  influence  even  in  Habana  upon  the  distribu- 
tion of  population  than  the  migration  of  whites  from  abroad. 

Returning  to  an  examination  of  the  tables  (pp.  139,  f )  with  reference 
to  the  question  they  were  immediately  designed  to  answer,  it  appe^irs 
that  among  the  colored  in  the  four  eastern  provinces  marriage  was 
more  common  in  the  cities  than  in  the  country,  and  that  in  Matanzas 
the  difference  was  at  its  maximum.  But  in  the  two  western  provinces 
marriage  was  more  common  among  the  rural  population.  Among  the 
whites  the  proportion  of  married  was  greater  in  cities  except  in  Habana 
province,  where  it  was  the  same  for  city  and  country,  and  in*  Santa 
Clai-a. 

Cldssijicdtion  ly  hirthpldce. — ^The  classification  by  birthplace,  and 
therefore  the  following  analysis  of  the  tables,  is  confined  to  the  whites. 
It  may  be  conjectured  that  white  immigrants  coming  to  Cuba  unmarried 
and  intending  not  to  remain  for  life  would  form  unions  without  the 
sanction  of  the  law.  This  is  the  general  experience  where  a  large 
number  of  male  immigrants  enter  a  country,  in  which  the  marriage 
law  is  rigid  while  at  the  same  time  social  opinion  in  certain  quarters 
tolerates  a  consentual  marriage.  Whether  such  a  conjecture  is  in 
accord  with  the  facts  in  Cuba  will  appear  from  the  following  analysis. 

The  table  below  gives  the  facts  for  the  two  classes  of  whites: 


Nativity. 

Population 

Living  together  by 
mutual  consent. 

Number. 

Percent. 

7.8 
6.6 

Native  white 

526,867 
136,416 

41.052 
8,975 

Foreign  white 

This  seems  to  negative  the  conjecture  under  examination.  But  such 
an  hypothesis  could  hardly  apply  to  women,  and  therefore  the  sex  dis- 
tinction should  be  introduced  as  is  done  in  the  following  table: 


Nativity. 

Population 
15+. 

Living  together  by 
mutual  consent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Native  white  males 

261,666 

112,606 

275,212 

23,810 

20,096 
7,516 

20,957 
1,469 

8.0 
6.7 
7.6 
6.1 

Foreign  white  males 

Native  white  females 

Foreiam  white  females 

With  both  sexes  the  proportion  of  persons  living  together  by  mutual 
consent  is  greater  among  the  native  white  than  it  is  among  the  foreign 
white.  But  the  immigrants  are  almost  uniformly  adults,  and  are 
probably  decidedly  older  than  the   native  whites  over  15.      Hence 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


142 


BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


an  examination  by  age  periods  is  needed.  As  the  foreign  bom  white 
women  are  so  few  the  examination  by  age  periods  may  be  confined  to 
males. 

Per  cent  of  males  living  in  consenlucd  unions. 


A^e  period. 

NaUve. 

Foreign. 

Age  period. 

NaUve. 

Foreign. 

16-19. . 

0.8 
8.8 
9.1 
12.2 

0.2 
2,8 
5.8 

7.8 

35-44. 
45-54. 
56-^. 
65  +. 

13.4 
13.1 
10,6 
10.6 

9.8 

20-24 

9.7 

25-29 

7.2 

30-34          

4.8 

At  every  age  the  proportion  of  white  men  of  foreign  birth  living  in 
consentual  unions  was  less  than  the  proportion  of  native  white  men. 
The  following  table  shows  whether  this  is  true  throughout  the  several 
provinces. 


Province. 

NaUve. 

Foreign 
bom. 

Habana  city , 

7.9 
4.0 
5.0 
7.8 
6.4 
6.9 
17.9 

6.7 
4.4 

7.8 
7.1 
6.8 
6.5 
11.6 

Habana  province 

Matanma 

Plnardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 

8.0 

6.7 

This  table  shows  that  the  figures  heretofore  reached  are  the  net 
result  for  the  island  of  conditions  widely  different  in  the  different 
provinces.  Habana  city  and  the  two  provinces  at  the  ends  of  Cuba 
a^ree  in  having  a  proportion  of  consentual  unions  among  the  native 
white  men  larger  than  among  the  foreign-born  white  men.  In  the 
other  four  divisions  the  opposite  was  true.  Among  females,  on  the 
contrary,  consentual  unions  were  less  common  with  the  foreign  bom 
than  with  the  native  white  not  merely  in  Cuba  as  a  whole  but  in  every 
province  except  Habana.  The  lower  proportion  of  consentual  unions 
is  closely  connected  with  the  higher  proportion  of  married  already 
noted  (p.  131)  among  foreign-born  white  women. 

THE   WIDOWED. 

It  might  be  anticipated  that  the  very  high  death  rate  of  Cuba  during 
the  last  few  years,  to  which  attention  is  called  in  the  discussion  of  the 
vital  statistics  of  the  past  ten  years,  would  leave  its  traces  in  an  exces- 
sive number  of  widows  and  widowers.  The  facts  for  all  Cuba  in  com- 
parison with  those  for  Porto  Rico  and  the  United  States  are  given  in 
the  following  table: 


Country. 

Population 
15+. 

Widows  and 
widowers 

Pe 
cent 

Cuba 

995,761 

534,941 

40.880,050 

86,167 

46,052 

2,970,052 

8.6 
8.6 
7.4 

Porto  Rico 

United  States  (1890) '.'.'.','.','/,','. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE   WIDOWED. 


143 


These  figures  indicate  a  proportion  of  widowed  in  Cuba  not  much 
above  that  in  the  United  States  and  not  at  all  above  that  in  Porto  Rico. 
But  obviously  only  persons  who  had  been  lawfully  married  would  be 
reported  to  the  census  as  widowed.  Persons  who  had  been  living  in 
consentual  marriages,  but  whose  unions  had  ended  before  the  census 
by  death  of  the  other  party,  would  appear  in  the  census  not  as  widowed 
bnt  as  single.  Hence  a  fairer  basis  for  the  comparison  may  be  found 
in  the  persons  reported  as  married.  Such  a  comparison  yields  the 
following  result: 


Country. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Per  cent 
widowed 

to  100 
married. 

Caba 

246,351 

168,570 

22,881.424 

85,167 

46,052 

2,970,052 

84.6 
29.0 
13.8 

Porto  Rico 

United  States  (1890) 

On  this  basis  it  appears  that  there  was  in  Cuba  one  widow  or  widower 
for  every  three  married  persons,  while  in  the  United  States  there  was 
one  widow  or  widower  for  every  eight  married  persons.  In  Cuba  in 
1861  there  was  one  widow  or  widower  for  every  five  married  persons. 
This  large  proportion  of  widowed  is  emphasized  by  the  following  table 
in  which  the  proportion  of  widowed  to  married  is  given  for  the  last 
available  census  of  a  nimiber  of  Spanish- American  countries,  or  West 
Indian  Islands: 


Country. 


Argentina 

Barbados 

Bermuda 

British  Honduras. 

Chile 

Costa  Rica 

Quatemala 

Jamaica 

Leeward  Inlands  . 

Martinique 

Mexico 

Trinidad 

Turk's  Island.... 

Portugal 

Spain , 

Porto  Rico 

Cuba 


Date  of 
census. 

Widowed 

to  100 
married. 

1895 

17 

1891 

22 

1891 

28 

1891 

29 

1885 

19 

1892 

16 

1893 

20 

1891 

21 

1891 

25 

1894 

84 

1895 

25 

1891 

22 

1891 

20 

1890 

19 

1887 

17 

1899 

29 

1899 

34 

The  evidence  thus  shows  conclusively  that  the  proportion  of  widows 
and  widowers  in  Cuba  was  far  higher  than  in  the  other  countries  with 
which  comparison  would  naturally  be  made.  Whether  the  excess  is  of 
widows  or  widowers  may  be  doubtful.  In  the  following  table  the  sex 
classification  is  introduced: 


Country. 

Husbands. 

Widowers. 

Widowers 

to  100 
husbands. 

Wives. 

Widows 

Widows 
to  100 
wives. 

Cuba 

125,067 

78,689 

11,205,228 

28,060 

12,023 

815,487 

18.4 
15.8 
7.8 

121,284 

79,881 

11,126,196 

62,108 

84,029 

2,154,615 

51.2 

Porto  Rico 

42.6 

United  8Utoi(  1890) 

19.4 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


144 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


This  table  shows  that  both  the  West  India  Islands  had  more  than 
double  the  proportion  of  widowed  to  married  that  prevails  in  the 
United  States,  but  that  the  proportion  in  Cuba  was  noticeably  higher 
than  in  Porto  Rico.  For  every  six  husbands  there  was  a  widower  and 
for  every  two  wives  a  widow. 

In  the  following  table  the  classification  is  carried  into  the  several 
provinces: 


Province. 

Husbands. 

Widowere. 

Widowere 

to  100 
husbands. 

Wive*. 

Widows. 

Widows 
to  100 
wives. 

Habanacitjr 

22,003 
18,0S0 
13,602 
13,783 

8,M2 
28,681 
20,376 

8.872 
4,371 
2,760 
2,772 
1,203 
•      6,791 
2,790 

15 
24 
20 
20 
14 
20 
14 

20,068 
17,395 
13,485 
13,317 
8,668 
28,244 
20,107 

11.427 
9,442 
7,329 
6,192 
3,926 

14,319 
9,473 

57 

H^bana  (excluding  city) 

Matanzas 

54 
54 

Pinardel  Rio 

46 

l*uerto  PrincifK; 

45 

Santa  Clara 

50 

Santiago 

47 

Cuba 

125,067 

23,069 

18 

121,281 

62,108 

51 

Widows  were  most  numerous  in  the  capital  of  the  island  and  least 
numerous  in  Puerto  Principe.  Widowers  were  most  numerous  in 
Habana  outside  the  city,  and  least  numerous  in  Puerto  Principe. 
Probably  Puerto  Principe  suffered  as  little  as  any  province  during  the 
last  five  years,  and  the  high  proportion  of  widows  in  Habana  city  may 
result  from  migration  of  widows  to  the  capital  or  from  the  presence 
in  the  city  of  many  widows  of  Spaniards.  The  facts  regarding  the 
classes  of  the  population  of  Habana  city  are  as  follows: 


Race. 


Native  whites 

Foreign-born  whites 
Colored 


Wives. 


18,528 
4,494 
2,016 


Widows. 


Widows 
to  100 
wives. 


7.242 
2,M6 
1,639    I 


53 

57 
80 


While  the  figures  show  a  larger  proportion  of  widows  among  the 
foreign  born  than  the  native  white,  the  proportion  of  widows  among 
the  colored  was  far  greater.  This  is  a  result  so  unexpected  that  one 
asks  at  once  whether  it  was  true  throughout  Cuba.  The  following 
table  gives  the  facts: 


Race. 


Native  whites 

Foreign-bom  whites! 
Colored 


Husbands. 


75,454 
84,306 
16,307 


Widowers. 


15,207 
5,199 
2,663 


Widowere 

to  100 
husbands. 


Wives. 


93,900 
10,883 
16,501 


Widows. 


46,652 
5,847 
9,609 


Widows 
to  100 
wives. 


50 
54 


Apparently  widows  were  most  numerous  relatively  among  the  colored 
and  least  numerous  among  the  native  white,  while  widowers  were  most 
numerous  among  the  native  white  and  least  so  among  the  foreign 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE   WIDOWED — THE   SIKGLE. 


145 


Perhaps  the  best  measure  of  the  progressive  increase  of  widow- 
hood with  advancing  years  is  found  by  comparing  the  widowed  with 
the  married  of  each  age  group.     This  is  done  in  the  following  table: 


A^  period. 

Husbands. 

Widowers. 

Widowers 

to  100 
husbands. 

Wiveii. 

Widows. 

Widows 
to  100 
wives. 

15-19 

160 
4,853 
14,612 
21,048 
42,620 
25,247 
11,708 
4,878 

45 
262 
1,190 
2,284 
5,966 
6,600 
4  455 
8,280 

27 
6 
8 
10 
14 
22 
88 
74 

5,584 
19,142 
24,926 
22,112 
80,006 
18,541 
4,678 
1,246 

280 
2,228 
7,542 
6>4 
18,885 
15,055 
12,166 
8,201 

5 

30-31 

12 

25-29 

18 

IM4 ;.... 

26 

35-44 

46 

«^ 

111 

65^ 

260 

m 

658 

The  table  shows  the  uniform  and  steady  increase  of  widowhood  for 
each  sex  with  advancing  years,  and  also  the  far  greater  proportion  of 
widows  than  of  widowers  at  any  given  age.  This  difference  between 
the  two  sexes  increases  with  age.  Between  20  and  35  the  proportion 
of  widows  to  wives  was  about  double  that  of  widowers  to  husbands. 
At  the  ne^ct  age  period  it  was  treble,  at  the  next  five  times,  at  the  next 
seven  times,  and  at  the  latest  age  nine  times.  For  this  difference  a  num- 
ber of  cooperating  causes  may  be  assigned.  As  the  husband  is  usually 
older  than  the  wife  and  the  chance  of  death  increases  with  age,  more 
marriages  are  broken  by  the  death  of  the  husband  than  by  the  death 
of  the  wife.  Then,  too,  at  the  same  age  the  mortality  of  men  is  usually 
rather  greater  than  the  mortality  of  women.  And  a  widower  is  more 
likely  than  a  widow  to  reenter  the  group  of  married  by  a  second  union. 

THE  smoLE. 

The  small  proportion  of  married  in  Cuba  has  already  been  mentioned 
(p.  118).  Even  if  the  consentual  unions  be  included  with  the  mar- 
riages, the  proportion  of  the  total  was  much  less  than  in  the  United 
States  (p.  135).  The  widowed,  while  very  numerous  with  reference  to 
the  married,  „ere  not  much  more  numerous  than  elsewhere  with  ref- 
erence to  the  total  or  the  adult  population.  There  are  no  divorced 
per^^ns  in  Cuba.  The  only  other  marital  class,  the  single,  must  then 
be  unusually  numerous.  For  purposes  of  comparison  with  other  coun- 
tries, however,  the  persons  living  in  consentual  unions  in  Cuba  should 
be  classed  with  the  single.  In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of 
single  to  total  population  over  15  is  given  for  the  countries  with  which 
comparison  would  most  naturally  be  made.  The  countries  are  arranged 
in  the  order  of  increasing  proportion  of  single. 
24662 10 


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146 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Oonntry. 


HmiftAryi 

Mexico 

France 

ItAly 

United  suites 

Denmark 

OerauuiT 

England  and  Wales . 

Austria 

Sweden 

Netherlands 

Switzerland 

Belffium 

Turks  Island 

Guatemala* 

Scotland 


Date  of 
census. 


18Q0 
1896 
1886 
1881 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1889 
1888 
1890 
1891 
1893 
1891 


Percent 

of  single 

to  popu- 

Ution 

15+. 


2S.2 
84.9 
85.S 
86.6 
86.9 
86.7 
88.3 
89.6 
40.4 
40.7 
40.8 
42.8 
4S.9 
4S.9 
44.7 
46.2 


Country. 


Chile 

Porto  Bico« 

New  Zealand 

CosURica 

Argentina. 

Queensland 

Ireland 

British  Honduras. 

Cuba* 

Leeward  Islands.. 

Barbados 

Porto  Rico* 

Trinidad* 

Cuba* 

Martinique 


Date  of 


1886 
1899 
1801 
1892 
1896 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1899 
1891 
1891 
1899 
1891 
1899 
18M 


Percent 
of  single 
to  popu- 
lation 
16+. 


45.3 
45.9 
46.4 
47.5 
47.9 
48.3 
60.8 
61.4 
6S.4 
67.7 
6L5 
6L7 
63.5 
6&6 
78.6 


»  PopuUtion  16+  is  the  basis, 

s  Population  14+  is  the  basis. 

»  Excluding  persons  living  together  by  mutual  consent. 

*  Including  persons  liyinff  together  by  mutual  consent. 

ft  Excluding  the  East  Indians. 

This  table  shows  that  the  proportion  of  single  among  the  adults  of 
Cuba  is  higher  than  in  any  other  considerable  country  known  to  statis- 
tics. In  the  United  States  not  much  more  than  one-third  of  the  adults 
were  single,  while  in  Cuba  over  one-half  and,  including  the  persons 
living  together  in  consentual  unions,  two-thirds  were  single.  In  the 
subsequent  discussion  the  word  single  will  be  limited  by  excluding 
the  persons  living  together  by  mutual  consent  as  well  as  the  married 
and  widowed. 

In  the  following  table  the  two  sexes  are  compared: 


Sex. 


Males.... 
Females. 


Population 
16+. 


522,116 
473,645 


Single  15+. 


908,031 
224.817 


Fer  cent  | 
single. 


50.0 
47.4 


The  excess  of  single  males  over  single  females,  amounting  to  83,729^ 
is  due  partly  to  the  excess  of  48,471  males  in  the  adult  population 
and  partly  to  the  excess  of  39,049  widows  over  widowers. 

The  proportion  of  single  decreases  with  advancing  years,  as  follows: 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  single 
among— 

Per  cent  single  in 
United  States  (1890) 
among—            1 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

0-14 

99.9 
99.8 
88.6 
67.2 
46.9 
83.1 
32.1 
88.0 
42.9 

99.8 
89.1 
57.3 
86.7 
29.2 
28.3 
31.8 
34.6 
41.  b 

100.0 

99.5 

80.7 

46.0 

26.6 

16.3 

9.1 

6.8 

5.6 

100.0 

90.3 

51.8 

25.4 

15.2 

9.9 

7.1 

5.8 

5.6 

16-19 

20-24 

25-29 

80-34 

85-44 '.['.'.'.['. 

45-54 

66-64 

65+ :;;;: 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE   SINGLE — LITEBACY. 


147 


In  Cuba  over  two-fifths  of  the  population  apparently  go  through 
life  single,  while  in  the  United  States  only  about  one-eighteenth  do  so. 
Next  to  this  noteworthy  difference  between  the  two  countries  the  most 
interesting  inference  from  Tbhe  table  is  that  the  proportion  of  single 
does  not  decrease  steadily  from  youth  to  old  age,  as  might  be  expected 
and  as  it  does  in  the  United  States.  On  the  contrary,  a  distinct  min- 
imum is  reached  for  men  at  45-54  years  of  age  and  for  women  ten 
years  earlier.     After  these  ages  the  proportion  of  single  increases. 

Some  light  is  thrown  on  this  difference  by  the  following  table: 


Age  period. 

Per  ceot  Bingle  among— 

Males. 

Females. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

16-19 ; 

99.4 
90.0 
67.2 
44.6 
29.6 
21.2 
18.0 
-17.1 

99.0 
84.6 
68.6 
49.7 
-48.0 
61.2 
69.6 
62.6 

88.9 
64.0 
29.6 
19.8 
16.8 
16.4 
-14.9 
16.8 

89.7 
68.9 
60.1 
-46.8 
47.4 
64.0 
68.9 
66.0 

20-24 

26-29 

80-84 

86-44 

46-64 

66-64 

66+ 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  increase  in  the  proportion  of  single 
with  advancing  years  was  almost  confined  to  the  colored  race.  It  is 
probably  due  in  large  part  to  the  inclusion  with  the  single  of  persons 
who  had  earlier  in  life  lived  in  consentual  unions,  but  whose  married 
life  had  ended  by  separation  of  the  parties  through  death  or  other- 
wise or  who  having  no  children  living  with  them  were  classified  as 
single  although  reaUy  belonging  to  the  class  of  persons  living  together 
by  mutual  consent. 

LriERACY. 

A  census  can  take  cognizance  of  the  degree  of  education  of  a  peo- 
ple only  as  it  is  indicated  by  certain  simple  tests.  These  tests  refer 
usually  to  formal  or  book  education,  not  because  that  is  necessarily 
the  most  important,  but  because  it  is  the  most  easily  tested.  The  tests 
used  by  the  present  census  were  attendance  at  school,  ability  to  read, 
ability  to  write,  and  possession  of  higher  education.  It  is  obvious  that 
attendance  at  school  certifies  nothing  regarding  a  person's  educational 
attainments,  yet  if  the  entire  population  is  to  be  classed  acoording  to 
degree  of  education  some  assumption  must  be  made  regarding  children 
attending  school.  It  can  not  introduce  serious  error  to  assume  that  all 
children  attending  school  were  able  to  read  and  write,  and  all  under  10 
years  of  age  and  not  attending  school  were  not  able  to  read.  On  these 
assumptions  the  population  of  Cuba  may  be  classified  as  follows: 


Ha  viDg  higher  education 

Able  to  read  and  write 

Able  to  read 

Population  answering  educational  inquiries. 


Number. 


Per  cent 
of  total. 


19,168 

688,496 

666,601 

1,671,886 


1.2 
34.0 
86.0 
100.0 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


148 


BBPOBT  ON  THB   0KK8U9  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


In  the  preceding  table  the  classes  are  not  mutually  exclusive,  but 
each  succeeding  class  includes  all  those  in  the  preceding.  From  that 
table  the  following  may  be  derived  by  taking  the  differences  in  the 
successive  numbers  of  the  preceding: 


Number. 


I      Per 


J_ 


Unable  to  read 

Able  to  read  bat  oiukble  to  write 

Able  to  write  bat  without  raperior  education 

With  higher  education 

Unknown  

Total  population 


1,0M,884 

88.003 

614,840 

19,158 

1.412 


63.9 
2.1 

32.7 
1.2 
.1 


1.672,797 


100.0 


From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  three  classes  of  those  able  to 
read  but  unable  to  vrrite,  those  with  higher  education,  and  those  not 
answering  the  educational  questions,  including  together  little  more 
than  one-thirtieth  of  the  total  population,  were  numerically  insignifi- 
cant. Attention  may  therefore  be  centered  on  the  other  two  classes. 
The  several  provinces  of  Cuba  had  the  following  proportion  of  per- 
sons able  to  read: 


Province. 


Pinar  del  Rio. . . 
Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clam 

Santiago 


Able  to  read. 


Population. 


424,804 
202,444 
173,064 
88.234 
856.686 
827.716 


Number. 


226.524 
70,893 
82.684 
88,884 

116,799 
87,717 


Per 
cent 


53.1 
84.8 
18.9 
87.8 
82.8 
26.8 


Ilabana  province  had  the  largest  and  Pinar  del  Rio  the  smallest  pro- 
portion of  persons  able  to  read.  Earlier  in  this  analysis  (p.  76)  it  was 
shown  that  Habana  province  had  the  largest  and  Pinar  del  Rio  the 
smallest  proportion  of  urban  population.  That  the  two  vary  together 
will  appear  more  clearly  from  the  following: 


Provinces  in  the  order  of— 


Literacy: 
Habana. 
Puerto  Principe. 
Matanzas. 
Santa  Clara. 
Santiaffo. 
Pinar  del  Rio. 


Urban  population: 
Habaiia. 
Matanzas. 
Puerto  Principe. 
Santa  Clara. 
Santiago. 
Pinar  del  Rio. 


It  seems  probable,  therefore,  that  the  ability  to  read  is  more  usual  in 
Cuban  cities  than  it  is  in  the  rural  districts.  In  the  following  table  the 
facts  are  given  for  the  14  cities  separately  reported  in  Table  XIX. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


CUBA 

THE  PROPORTION  OF  ILLITERATES  TO  POPULATION 
10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


PORTIONS  SHADED  ARE  ILLITERATE 


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LITERACY. 


149 


Cities. 


Cardenas 

Cienfaegoa 

Ouanabacoa 

Habana  

Manxanillo 

Matanxas 

Pinardel  Rio.... 
Paerto  Prindpe . 

Regla 

Sagua  la  Grande 
SanctiSplritus  .. 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Trinidad 


Popnlation. 


21,  MO 
80,068 
18,965 
286,961 
14,464 
86,874 
8,860 
25,102 
U,868 
12,728 
12,696 
18,763 
48,090 
U,120 


Able  to  read. 


Nomber. 


12,074 

18,062 

8,090 

155.«M 

8,182 

21.447 
4,101 

15,495 
6,518 
6,665 
6,798 
7,872 

25,905 
6,114 


Per 
cent 


66 

60 
68 
66 
66 
69 


67 
62 


67 
60 
66 


Twelve  of  the  14  cities  had  a  larger  proportion  of  persons  able 
to  read  than  any  of  the  6  provinces,  and  all  had  a  larger  proportion 
of  literates  than  any  province  but  Habana.  This  shows  clearly  that 
illiteracy  is  especially  prevalent  in  the  rural  districts  of  Cuba.  The 
facts  for  city  and  country  are  summarized  in  the  following  table: 


Able  to  read. 

District 

Popnlation. 

Nomber. 

Per 
cent 

Habana  

286,961 

266,628 

1,061,298 

166,684 
147,258 
268,714 

66.9 
67.6 
24.4 

Thirteen  other  cities 

Rest  of  Cuba 

Total 

1,672,797 

666,601 

86.0 

Rather  more  than  one-third  of  the  total  population  of  Cuba  were  able 
to  read,  but  the  proportion  rose  in  Habana  city  to  nearly  two-thirds, 
and  in  the  13  other  cities  it  averaged  nearly  three-fifths,  while  in  rural 
Cuba  it  was  not  quite  one-fourth.  The  per  cents  for  the  several  cities 
have  already  been  given,  but  the  figures  for  the  provinces  after  the 
cities  have  been  subtracted  are  given  below: 


Province. 


Habana  

Puerto  Principe 

Matanzas 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Pinardel  Bio... 


Rural  popu- 
lation. 


J- 


Able  to  read. 


168,495 
68,182 
144,180 
276,191 
270,161 
164,184 


Number. 


66,887 
17,889 
86,872 
71,808 
68,660 
28,668 


Per 
cent 


84 
28 
26 
26 
20 
17 


The  largest  proportion  of  literates  is  found  in  rural  Habana,  where 
one-third  of  the  total  population  was  able  to  read;  the  smallest  proi[)or- 
tion  ii>  the  provinces  at  the  ends  of  the  island,  Santiago  and  Pinar  del 
Bio,  where  from  one-sixth  to  one-fifth  were  able  to  read.  The  four 
central  provinces  all  had  proportions  above  the  average  for  rural 
Cuba. 


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150 


BEPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  18»9. 


There  are  two  Spanish  censuses,  those  of  1861  and  1887,  in  which  the 
number  of  Cubans  able  to  read  was  reported.  In  the  following  table 
the  results  of  those  censuses  are  brought  into  comparison  with  the 
present: 


Date  of  oenfos. 

Population. 

Able  to  read. 

Number. 

Per 
cent 

1851 1. 

1,896,680 
1,681,687 
1,W2,797 

268,287 
4fi2,880 
667,918 

19.2 
27.7 
86.1 

1887 .*. 

1899 

In  thirty -eight  years  the  per  cent  of  the  population  able  to  read  has 
nearly  doubled. 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 

The  total  number  of  persons  attending  school  in  Cuba  during  the 
year  preceding  October  16,1899,  was  87,936  (Tables  XIX  and  XXI), 
or  between  5  and  6  per  cent  of  tiie  total  population.  But  in  the  dis- 
cussion on  age  it  was  shown  (p.  86)  that  the  children  in  Cuba  between 
5  and  15,  and  so  at  the  ages  when  school  attendance  is  most  common, 
were  unusually  numerous.  Hence  it  is  better  to  compare  the  children 
attending  school  with  those  of  school  age.  From  Table  XXI  it 
appears  that  only  1,295  children  under  6  or  over  17  attended  school, 
that  is,  less  than  li  per  cent  of  the  entire  number.  The  school  age 
may  therefore  be  assumed  to  be  5-17,  and  this  slight  proportion  of 
persons  over  or  under  these  limits  neglected. 


Population 
6-17. 

Attending  KhooU 

6-17. 

Per 
cent 

Cuba 

662,928 

86,640 

15.7 

It  has  already  been  shown  that  the  proportion  of  persons  able  to 
read,  and  probably  also  the  proportion  of  children  attending  school, 
was  much  higher  in  the  cities  of  Cuba  than  in  the  rural  districts.  In 
the  following  table  the  facts  for  the  five  cities  included  in  Table  XXI 
are  odven: 


City. 


Matanzas 

Clenfuegoe 

Habana  

Puerto  Principe 
Santiago 

Total 


Population 
6-17. 


11.903 
9,786 

62,838 
8,417 

14,946 


107,885 


Attending  school. 


Population      Per 
6-17.  cent 


-4,845 

8,794 

20.060 

2,642 

4,387 


35.628 


40.7 
88.8 
81.9 
80.2 
29.4 


3.0 


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CENSUS  OF  CUBA.  1  899 


EDUCATION 

POPULATION    OVER    10  YEARS   OF    AGE 
HABANA  MATANZAS 


^H     ILLITERATE  BH    ATTENDED  SCHOOL 

I  I     LITERATE  HJIII    SUPERIOR   EDUCATION 


A  Mcmufcto  •xuiM.'Kii; 


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SCHOOL   ATTENDANCE. 


151 


On  the  average  in  the  five  cities  almost  exactly  one-third  of  the 
children  5-17  attended  school  during  the  year  preceding  the  census. 
If  the  figures  for  these  cities  be  subtracted  from  those  for  all  Cuba, 
the  following  results  are  reached: 


Population 
5-17. 

Attending  school. 

Population 
Vl7. 

Per 
cent. 

Cuba  outalde  five  cities 

446,048 

51,012 

11.6 

The  proportion  attending  school  in  the  large  cities  was  almost  three 
times  that  in  the  rest  of  the  island. 

In  the  following  table  the  figures  are  given  for  the  six  provinces 
after  the  five  large  cities  have  been  excluded: 


Province  (excluding  all  cities  of  25,000+). 


Matansas 

Habana  

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Puerto  Principe 
Pinar  del  Rio. . . 

Cuba 


Population 
5-17. 


55,606 
64,866 
117,803 
116,942 
26.720 
64,656 


445, 0«3 


Attending  school. 


Population 
5-17. 


9,742 
10,090 
16, 2n 
9,694 
1,828 
8,887 


51,012 


Per 
cent 


17.6 
16.6 
18.9 
8.8 
7.1 
6.2 


U.6 


Both  in  its  capital  city  and  in  the  rest  of  the  province  Matanzas  had 
a  larger  proportion  of  children  attending  school  than  any  other  city 
or  province.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  rank  of  the  provinces  in 
school  attendance  is  often  at  variance  with  the  rank  in  regard  to  the 
proportion  able  to  read.  Thus  Puerto  Principe  ranks  next  to  Habana 
in  literacy,  and  yet  the  proportion  of  persons  at  school  in  Puerto 
Principe  was  lower  than  in  any  other  province  except  Pinar  del  Rio. 
The  anomaly  may  be  explained  by  assuming  that  in  the  sparsely  settled 
districts  children  are  often  taught  at  the  home  rather  than  in  a  school. 
In  that  case  the  figures  regarding  school  attendance  lose  much  of  their 
significance. 

Sex.—ThQ  following  table  gives  the  facts  for  Cuba  by  sex: 


Population 
5-17. 

Attending  schooL 

Population 
6-17. 

Per 
cent 

Males 

276,881 
276,047 

48,697 
42,948 

16.8 
16.6 

Females  ......rr-.r ^-^,^^^,.^ 

Total 

552,928 

86,640 

15.7 

The  two  sexes  attended  school  in  about  equal  proportions. 


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152 


REPORT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Bace.— The  following  table  gives  the  facts  regarding  school  attend- 
ance for  Cuba  by  race: 


Rsoe. 

Population 
6-17. 

Attending  schooL 

Population 
5-17. 

Per 
cent. 

White 

875,882 
177,046 

62,140 
24,600 

16.5 
18.8 

Colored             

Total 

562,928 

86,640 

15.7 

The  school  attendance  of  the  whites  was  somewhat  higher  than  that 
of  the  colored,  but  the  difference  was  not  very  great. 

Age. — In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  school  attendants  in 
the  several  age  classes  is  given: 


Age. 

Population. 

School  at- 
tendants. 

Per  cent 

attending 

school. 

(M 

180,878 
226,109 
220,049 
106,770 
888,991 

688 

89,876 

48.826 

8,488 

612 

0.5 
17.6 
19.7 
8.2 
0.1 

5-9 

10-14 

16-17 

18+ 

Total 

1,672,797 

87,985 

5.6 

The  maximum  proportion  of  school  attendants  was  between  l(i  and  14, 
but  the  preceding  five-year  period  shows  almost  as  high  a  proportion. 

LITERACY  AMONG   PERSONS  OVER  10  YEARS  OF  AGE. 

The  majority  of  persons  able  to  read  probably  learn  to  do  so  in 
early  childhood.  Hence  it  is  the  usual  practice  for  a  census  in  gath- 
ering information  on  this  topic  to  disregard  all  children  under  a  cer- 
tain age.  This  has  not  been  done  in  censuses  of  Spain  or  the 
Spanish  colonies,  but  in  American  census  practice  all  children  under 
10  are  omitted  from  the  illiteracy  tables.  This  classification  is  made 
in  the  present  census  of  Cuba  and  will  be  regarded  in  the  following 
discussion.  For  reasons  already  explained,  only  two  classes  will  be 
considered — ^those  who  are  and  those  who  are  not  able  to  read.  The 
following  table  gives  the  facts  for  all  Cuba: 


Class. 

Population 
10+. 

Per 
cent. 

Able  to  read 

625,245 
690,565 

48 
57 

Unable  to  read 

Total 

1,215,810 

100 

Rather  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  population  of  Cuba,  excluding 
young  children,  were  able  to  read,  a  proportion  rather  greater  than  that 
of  New  Mexico  in  1880  (35  per  cent)  and  less  than  that  of  South  Car- 
olina in  the  same  year  (44.6  per  cent),  but  decidedly  less  than  the  pro- 


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ABILITY   TO   BEAD. 


153 


portion  in  any  American  state  in  1890,  owing  to  the  rapid  develop- 
ment of  the  American  school  system  in  the  last  score  of  years. 
Sex. — In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  for  Cuba  by  sex. 


Clan. 

Populatton  10  +. 

Percent 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Able  to  read 

282,824 
861,091 

242,421 
888,874 

46 
66 

42 

68 

Total 

684,616 

681,296 

100 

100 

The  corresponding  per  cents  for  the  United  States  are  males,  87.6; 
females,  85.6;  so  that  in  both  countries,  and  indeed  in  most  countries 
where  the  information  is  obtainable,  the  ability  to  read  is  somewhat 
more  general  among  men  than  among  women. 

Race. — In  the  following  table  the  number  of  persons  able  to  read  is 
given  for  Cuba  with  distinction  of  race  and  sex: 


Number. 

Percent 

Race  and  sex. 

Able  to 
read. 

Unable  to 
read. 

Total. 

Able  to 
read. 

Unable 
to  read. 

WhItA.mftlw 

282,  U7 
180.628 
60,707 
61,898 

208,962 
191.868 
142,729 
147,606 

441,079 
871,896 
198,486 
209,899 

62.6 
48.6 
26.2 
29.6 

47.4 

Whitej  f^miAles 

61  6 

Colored,  males 

78.8 

Coioredj  ff^males 

70.4 

Total  whites 

412,646 
112,600 

400,880 
290,286 

812,976 
402,836 

60.8 
28.0 

49.2 

Total  colored ........................... 

72.0 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  one-half  of  the  whites  and  rather 
more  than  one-fourth  of  the  colored  were  able  to  read.  But  among  the 
colored  the  illiteracy  was  greater  among  the  males,  thus  reversing  the 
usual  rule.  Two  reasons  for  this  anomaly  may  be  suggested.  Colored 
men  work  more  largely  in  the  country  and  less  largely  in  the  cities  of 
Cuba  than  colored  women  do.  In  the  five  cities  of  over  25,000  were 
found  27.6  per  cent  of  all  colored  females  over  10  years  of  age,  but 
only  22.2  per  cent  of  all  colored  males  over  10  years  of  age.  It  has 
been  shown  that  school  attendance  was  larger  and  iUiteracy  smaller  in 
the  cities  than  in  the  rural  districts.  Hence  the  sex  which  is  most 
numerous  in  cities  has  better  facilities  for  learning  to  read  and  proba- 
bly city  life  tends  to  strengthen  the  desire  for  this  attainment.  Then, 
too,  the  colored  females  outnumber  the  colored  males  at  every  age 
period  from  15  to  50  and  the  males  outnumber  the  females  between  50 
and  80.  This  is  probably  due  in  part  to  the  survival  in  Cuba  of  some 
thousands  of  negroes  born  in  Africa,  two-fifths  of  whom  are  males, 
and  to  almost  15,000  Chinese,nearly  all  of  whom  are  males.  Its  effect 
is  to  make  the  median  age  of  colored  males  over  10  fully  two  years 
higher  than  the  median  age  of  colored  females.  And  as  illiteracy  in 
Cuba  is  greater  among  elderly  people  than  it  is  among  those  in  middle 
life  this  higher  median  age  of  the  colored  males  would  tend  to  accen- 
tuate the  illiteracy  of  that  sex. 


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154 


BEPOBT  OK  THE   CENSUS   OP  CUBA,  1899. 


Age. — In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  persons  able  to  read 
in  each  age  group  is  given  for  the  total  population  and  for  the  two 
races: 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  literate. 

'ISfiT- 

White. 

Colored. 

10-14 

86.0 
45.9 
+60.  S 
49.0 
47.8 
45.1 
89.0 
88.4 
28.1 

88.8 
49.0 
64.8 
+66.8 
66.2 
66.2 
58.7 
68.0 
62.9 

8L3 
89.2 
+40.8 
86.0 
29.4 
28.4 
16.6 
10.7 
7.4 

15-19 

20-34 

25-29 

80^ 

86-44 

45-54 

65+ 

Total 

48.2 

60.8 

28.0 

It  appears  that  the  largest  proportion  was  in  the  age  period  20-24;  that 
is,  the  class  whose  school  years  were  lived  between  1878  and  1895.  The 
illiteracy  among  whites  never  rises  to  one-half  except  for  the  age 
periods  10-19,  and  is  quite  uniform.  The  aged  coloi*ed  are  very  largely 
illiterate,  but  the  proportion  is  lower  in  the  younger  groups,  reaching' 
its  minimum  at  the  period  20-24.  These  figures  indicate  an  educational 
system  which,  during  the  past  generation,  has  been  reaching  about  the 
same  proportion  of  whites  but  a  constantly  increasing  proportion  of 
colored  until  the  confusion  and  warfare  of  the  last  few  years  seriously 
impaired  its  efficiency. 

OOOUPATIONS. 

The  instructions  issued  to  the  Cuban  enumerators  in  Spanish  with 
reference  to  filling  this  part  of  the  schedule  may  be  translated  as 
follows: 

This  inquiry  (ooluinn  11)  applies  to  every  person  10  years  of  age  and  over  having 
a  gainful  occupation,  and  calls  for  the  profession,  trade,  or  branch  of  work  upon 
which  each  person  ddpends  chiefly  for  support,  or  in  which  he  is  engaged  ordinarily 
during  the  larger  part  of  the  time.  In  reporting  occupations  avoid  general  or 
indefinite  terms  which  do  not  indicate  the  kind  of  work  done.  You  need  not  give 
a  person's  occupation  just  as  he  expresses  it  If  he  can  not  tell  intelligibly  what  he 
is,  find  out  what  he  does,  and  describe  his  occupation  accordingly.  For  wives  and 
daughters  at  home  engaged  in  the  duties  of  the  household  only,  write  ''at  home" 
(en  casa).  For  children  not  actually  at  work,  write  ''at  school"  (estudiante)  or 
"  at  home  "  (en  casa),  as  the  case  may  be.  Spell  out  the  name  of  the  occupation  and 
do  not  abbreviate  in  any  case.^ 

'It  is  desirable  that  some  brief  terms  should  be  introduced  to  describe  persons 
covered  by  the  preceding  instructions  and  accurately  but  clumsily  described  as 
persons  engaged  in  gainful  occupations.  In  the  following  discussion  the  terms 
breadwinners  or  persons  at  work  will  sometimes  be  used  for  one  class  and  dependents 
for  the  other.  Any  term  must  be  understood  in  accordance  with  these  instructions 
rather  than  with  its  usual  and  popular  meaning. 


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OCCUPATIONS. 


156 


The  number  of  Cubans  reported  as  having  gainful  occupations  was 
622,330,  or  39.6  per  cent  of  the  total  population.^  The  figures  for 
Cuba  are  compared  with  those  for  the  United  States  and  Porto  Bico  in 
the  following  table:  * 


Coontry. 

Date. 

Total  popu- 
laticm. 

In  gainfol  oooopa* 
ttons. 

Number. 

Per 
cent 

Cub* 

1809 
1899 
1800 

1,«2,797 

068^248 

e2,«23,260 

622,880 

810,865 

22.786,661 

80.6 
88.2 
86.8 

Porto  RicOr  w,,,T..r.-.  -^■.- 

United  States 

From  these  figures  it  appears  that  Cuba  has  about  two-fifths  of  its 
population  engaged  in  some  gainful  occupation,  while  in  Porto  Rico 
the  proportion  is  only  one-tliird  and  in  the  United  States  about  mid- 
way between  the  two.  Some  reasons  for  the  diflference  wUl  appear  as 
the  subject  ia  probed  farther. 

^  Among  these  there  were  2,053  children  under  10  reported  as  having  a  gainful 
occupation.  These  may  all  be  regarded  as  enumerators'  errors,  but  the  margin  of 
error  they  introduce,  lees  than  one-third  of  1  per  cent,  is  fair  lees  than  that  to  which 
all  occupation  returns  are  subject,  and  may,  therefore,  be  neglected.  It  is  probably  , 
true  that  a  certain  number  of  children  under  10  in  Cuba  do  work  which  is  a  Mr 
equivalent  for  their  living.  The  number  of  such  children  must  vary  in  different 
parts  of  the  island.  But,  according  to  the  instructions  quoted  above,  none  of  these 
should  have  been  reported.  Hence  the  reported  number  is  dependent  upon  two 
variables,  first,  the  actual  number  in  the  districts,  and  secondly,  the  heedlessness  of 
the  enumerators  in  reporting  such  answers  contrary  to  the  instructions.  The  pro- 
portion of  such  returns  to  the  total  of  persons  reported  as  having  gainful  occupations 
niay  afford,  therefore,  a  very  rough  test  of  the  exactness  with  which  enumerators 
followed  their  instructions  in  this  particular.  From  this  point  of  view  the  follow- 
ing table  is  of  interest: 


ProYlnoe. 


In  gainfal  oocapatloiLi. 


Total       Caldron 
^^^^'     under  10. 


Per 
cent. 


Puerto  Principe 

HabanA  city 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

Santiago 

Santa  Clara 

Mantancas 

PinardelBio 

Cuba 


81.822 
106,000 

76,061 
108,777 
144,(02 


07,882 


822,880 


80 
224 
190 
817 
601 
868 
848 


.207 
.260 
.291 
.400 
.414 
.618 


2,068 


.880 


This  instruction  was  most  carefully  observed  in  Puerto  Principe  and  most  over- 
looked in  Pinar  del  Bio. 


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156 


REPOET   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


The  absolute  and  relative  number  of  persons  engaged  in  gainful 
occupations  in  the  several  provinces  was  as  follows: 


Province. 


Santiago 

Puerto  Principe 

Pinardel  Rio 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

Santa  Clam 

Matanzas 

Habana  (city) 


Population. 


327,715 
88,234 
173,064 
188,823 
866,536 
202.444 
235,981 


Ilk  gainful  occupa- 
tions. 


Number. 


108,777 
81,822 
67,862 
76,961 

144,612 
85,296 

108,000 


Per 
cent. 


33.2 
86.1 
89.2 
40.2 
40.6 
42.1 
45.8 


The  relative  number  of  Jbread winners  was  as  low  in  Santiago  as  in 
Porto  Rico  and  as  low  in  Puerto  Principe  as  in  the  United  States.  In 
Pinar  del  Rio  it  was  about  the  average  for  the  island,  while  in  the  three 
central  provinces  it  was  above  the  average,  and  highest  of  all  in  Habana 
city.  The  range  in  Cuba  between  the  highest  and  lowest  divisions  was 
12.6  per  cent,  while  in  the  United  States  the  range  between  the  high- 
est (Montana)  and  lowest  (West  Virginia)  states  was  25.4  per  cent. 

The  position  of  Habana  city  in  the  preceding  table  suggests  that 
gainful  occupations  may  be  more  general  in  cities  than  in  rural  dis- 
tricts. To  determine  whether  this  is  true,  the  following  table  has 
been  prepared: 


City. 


Cardenas 

Cienfu^os 

Ouanabucoa 

Habana 

Manxanillo 

Matanzas 

Plnar  del  Rio... 
Puerto  Principe . 

Regla 

Sagua  la  Grande. 
Sancti  Spiritus. . . 

Santa  Clara , 

Santiago 

Trinidad 

Total  cities, 
Rural 

Cuba 


Population. 


21,940 
80.038 
13,965 
235,981 
14,464 
86,374 
8,880 
25,102 
11,863 
12,728 
12,696 
13,763 
43,090 
11,120 


491,604 
1,081,293 


1,672,797 


In  gainful  occupations. 


Number. 


8,741 
11,485 
6,281 
108,000 
4,595 
14,820 
3,986 
8,488 
4,305 
6.229 
8,868 
6,222 
16,741 
2,947 


203,168 
419,172 


622,330 


Per  cent. 


89.8 
88.2 
87.8 
45.8 
81.8 
89.4 
44.9 
83.6 
87.9 
41.1 
80.5 
87.9 
88.9 
26.6 


41.3 
88.8 


Per  cent  In 

province 

containing 

city. 


42.1 
40.6 
48.3 
43.3 
83.2 
42.1 
89.2 
86.1 
43.3 
40.6 
40.6 
40.6 
38.2 
4a  6 


Gainful  occupations  are  more  common  in  cities  than  in  the  rural 
districts;  but  the  figures  for  the  several  cities  show  that  this  is  due 
to  the  dominant  influence  of  Habana,  which  had  nearly  as  many  inhab- 
itants and  more  than  as  many  persons  engaged  in  gainful  occupations 
as  all  the  other  thirteen  cities  combined.  Of  the  other  thirteen  cities 
ten  had  a  smaller  proportion  of  breadwinners  than  the  province  in 


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CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


'V-''^ 


CUBA 

OCCUPATIONS 
BY  RACE,  SEX,  AND  NATIONALITY 


AQRICULTURE  HH     ''^OFE88lON8 

1^       J    TRADE  AND  TRANSPORTATION  H|H    PERSONAL  SERVICE 

I"  ]    MANUFACTURING  |  |     NO  GAINFUL  OCCUPATION 


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OCCUPATIONS. 


157 


which  they  lie.  In  the  58  American  cities  containing  each  over 
50,000  inhabitants  the  per  cent  in  gainful  occupations  in  1890  was  42.8, 
while  for  the  rest  of  the  country  it  was  only  34.8.  In  this  respect  the 
diflference  between  city  and  country  in  Cuba  is  apparently  less  than 

half  what  it  is  in  the  United  States.     This  difference  between  the  two 

« 

countries  may  be  connected  with  the  high  proportion  of  females  in 
Cuban  cities  already  mentioned  in  the  paragraph  on  sex  (p.  83)  and 
with  the  small  proportion  of  female  breadwinners  on  the  island,  which 
will  appear  from  the  next  paragraph. 

JSreadwinners  classified  hy  sex, — ^The  following  table  gives  the  abso- 
lute and  relative  number  of  males  and  of  females  reported  as  engaged 
in  gainful  occupations  in  Cuba.  For  comparative  purposes  the  figures 
for  Porto  Rico  and  the  United  States  have  been  included. 


Country. 

Males. 

In  gainful  occupa- 
tions. 

Female«. 

In  gainful  occupa- 
tions. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent 

Cuba 

816,206 

472,261 

32,067,880 

18,821,090 

68.2 
56.9 
58.7 

757,692 

480,982 

30,564,870 

66,366 

47,701 

8,914,671 

8.8 

Porto  Rico P. 

9.9 

United  States  (1890) 

12.8 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  larger  proportion  of  breadwin- 
ners in  Cuba  holds  only  of  the  males.  Among  Cuban  women  the  pro- 
portion in  gainful  occupations  was  smaller  than  it  was  in  either  Porto  Rico 
or  the  United  States,  but  with  males  the  case  was  very  different.  The 
percentage  of  them  remuneratively  employed  in  Cuba  was  one-sixth 
higher  than  in  either  of  the  other  countries.  Among  10  males  of  all 
ages  in  Cuba  7  were  at  work,  while  in  Porto  Rico  and  the  United  States 
fewer  than  6  were  so  engaged.  Further  information  regarding  this 
difference  will  be  obtained  in  the  course  of  the  analysis. 

In  the  following  table  the  relative  number  of  breadwinners  is  given 
for  each  province,  classified  by  sex: 


Province. 


Uabana , 

Matanxas 

PinardelRlo.. 
Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 


Males. 


221.990 
108,726 
91,688 
44,899 
189,067 
163,845 


In  gainful  occupa- 
tions. 


Number. 


169,614 
71,721 
63,974 
27,352 
182,788 
100,525 


Per 
cent. 


71.9 
69.2 
69.8 
60.9 
70.2 
61.4 


Females. 


202,814 
98,718 
81,376 
48,335 
167,479 
163,870 


In  gainful  occupa- 
tions. 


Number. 


24,347 
13,576 
3,888 
4,470 
11,824 
8,252 


Per 
cent. 


12.0 
13.7 
4.8 
10.3 
7.1 
5.0 


The  maximum  proportion  of  breadwinners  among  males  was  in 
Habana  and  the  minimum  in  Puerto  Principe.  But  with  females  the 
maximum  was  in  Matanzas  and  the  minimum  in  Pinar  de  Rio.  Hence 
the  two  sexes  are  affected  by  different  conditions. 


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REPORT   ON  THE   CENSUS  OF   CUBA,  1890. 


The  high  positton  of  Pinar  del  Rio  in  the  column  for  males  suggests 
that  gainful  occupations  for  males  may  be  quite  as  common  in  the 
country  as  in  the  cities.  That  Santiago  had  fewest  breadwinners  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  in  the  column  for  each  sex  it  ranks  next  to  last  That 
Puerto  Principe  had  more  is  because  a  large  number  of  female  bread- 
winners somewhat  neutralize  the  small  number  of  males,  which  was  less 
than  anjrwhere  else.  In  Pinar  del  Rio  the  conditions  were  reversed,  a 
high  proportion  of  male  breadwinners  was  partly  offset  by  few  females. 
In  Santa  Clara  more  males  were  at  work  than  anywhere  else  except 
Habana.  Matanzas  held  fourth  place  among  males,  but  was  lifted  to  the 
second  place  for  the  total  by  the  fact  that  more  females  were  at  work 
there  than  in  any  other  province.  Habana,  holding  first  place  among 
males  and  second  among  females,  was  first  in  the  total. 

Closer  examination  shows  that  female  breadwinners  were  apparently 
more  numerous  in  provinces  with  large  urban  population.  To  test  this 
the  provinces  may  be  arranged  as  follows: 

Provinces  in  the  order — 

Of  females  in  gainfnl  occupations: 
Matanzas.  ^ 
Habana. 
Puerto  Principe. 
Santa  Clara. 
Santiago. 
Pinar  del  Rio 

That  the  two  vary  together  supports  the  hypothesis.  It  will  there- 
fore be  more  closely  tested  by  the  following  table: 


Of  urban  population: 
Habana. 
Matanzas. 
Puerto  Principe. 
Santa  Clara. 
Santiago. 
Pinar  del  Rio. 


Per  cent  of  total  females  who  were  reported  as  in  gainful  occupations  with  distinction  of  city 

and  country. 


Province. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

Habana  

16.6 
19.1 
24.6 
14.1 
18.0 
14.0 

6.1 
11.8 
8.6 
8.6 
5.0 
2.9 

Matanxas 

Pinar  del  Rio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago x.xx 

Cuba 

16.5 

5.4 

Female  breadwinners  were  always  more  numerous  and  usually  sev- 
eraltimos  more  numerous  in  the  cities  than  in  the  surrounding  country. 
The  proportion  of  women  in  gainful  occupations  in  the  rural  districts 
was  lowest  in  Santiago  and  highest  in  Matanzas;  but  in  the  cities  it  was 
lowest  in  Santa  Clara  and  highest  in  Pinar  del  Rio.  The  high  pro- 
portion of  women  at  work  in  the  city  of  Pinar  del  Rio  is  probably 
connected  with  the  character  of  the  industries.  The  city  above  all 
othiers  is  a  tobacco  town.  In  no  other  of  the  fourteen  cities  separately 
reported  was  one-fifth  of  the  female  population  engaged  in  gainful 


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159 


occupations,  but  in  Pinar  del  Rio  nearly  one-fourth  were  so  occupied. 
The  smallest  proportion  of  women  in  gainful  occupations  was  in  Trin- 
idad and  Manzanilla  In  the  United  States  in  1890  20.1  per  cent  of 
the  females  in  cities  of  over  50,000  inhabitants  and  11.1  per  cent  of  the 
females  in  the  rest  of  the  United  States  were  breadwinners.  With 
regard  to  the  proportion  of  women  at  work,  therefore,  urban  Cuba 
differs  much  more  from  rural  Cuba  than  urban  United  States  does 
from  rural  United  States.  But  in  this  con^parison  the  line  between 
urban  and  rural  is  drawn  at  50,000  inhabitants  in'the  United  States 
and  with  a  single  exception  at  10,000  in  Cuba. 

Breadwinners  cl(i89ifiedly(ig€. — ^According  to  the  instructions  already- 
quoted,  the  question  about  occupation  was  put  only  to  persons  ten 
years  of  age  or  more.  Hence,  in  comparing  the  persons  engaged  in 
gainful  occupations  with  the  population,  it  is  better  to  disregard  the 
children  under  10.     This  is  done  in  the  table  below. 


CouDtiy. 

1 

Penona  10+. 

In  gainful  occupa- 
tions. 

Number. 

Per    1 
cent. 

Cuba 

1,216,810 

660,294 

47.418,660 

622,880 

816,866 

22,786,661 

61.2 
48.0 
47.9 

Porto  Rioo.... 

United  States  (1890) 

With  the  elimination  of  the  children  under  10,  who  were  nearly  31  per 
cent  of  the  total  in  Porto  Rico,  but  less  than  25  per  cent  in  the  United 
States,  the  difference  between  those  two  countries,  shown  in  a  former 
tftble  (p.  155),  almost  disappears.  But  the  difference  between  these  two 
countries  on  the  one  hand  and  Cuba  on  the  other  still  persists. 

In  the  following  table  the  analysis  is  carried  into  the  provinces: 


Province. 


Santiago 

Puerto  Principe 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

Santa  Clara 

Pinar  del  Bio 

Matansas 

Habana  (city) 


Persons 
10+. 


2^,017 
68,786 
161,206 
279,827 
180,807 
160,297 
198,870 


In  gainful  occupa- 
tions. 


Number. 


108,777 
81,822 
76.961 

144,612 
67.862 
86,296 

108,000 


Per 
cent. 


46.7 
49.9 
60.2 
61.8 
62.1 
68.6 
66.7 


The  difference  between  Santif^o  and  Habana  city,  which  was  12.6 
per  cent  when  the  total  population  was  used  as  a  basis  (p.  156),  was 
only  10  per  cent,  owing  to  the  fact  already  noted  (p.  91),  that  Habana 
city  had  few  and  Santiago  many  children.  Pinar  del  Rio,  having  a 
larger  population  under  10  than  Santa  Clara  or  Habana  province  out- 
side the  city  (p.  90),  stood  above  these  two  in  the  proportion  of  persons 
engaged  in  gainf  id  occupations  as  soon  as  the  children  were  excluded. 


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BEPOBT  ON   THE   CENSUS  OF  OXTBA,  1899. 


With  this  exception,  the  order  of  the  provinces  remains  the  same. 
Gainful  occupations  amon^  adults  were  more  common  in  the  western 
half  of  the  island,  and  reached  their  maximum  in  the  city  of  Habana. 
As  it  has  already  been  shown  that  outside  of  Habana  gainful  occupa- 
tions were  less  common  in  Cuban  cities  than  in  the  provinces  contain- 
ing them  (p.  166),  no  further  analysis  by  cities  seems  needed. 

In  the  following  table  the  number  and  per  cent  of  persons  in  gain- 
ful occupations  is  given  by  details  of  age: 


Age  period. 

Number  of 
peiBODi. 

In  gainful  occupftUoni. 

In  Cuba. 

Per  cent  in 

Number. 

Percent 

tbe  United 
SUtea 
(1800). 

0^ 

856,087 

220,040 

178,065 

152,050 

187,405 

118,812 

185,056 

117,528 

68,182 

87,6W 

85 

2,058 
54,180 
86,  M8 
85  082 
70  805 
70,484 
111,778 
70,816 
40,587 

0.6 
24.6 
48.8 
56.2 
57.7 
50.8 
60.4 
60.8 
50.5 
52.0 
50.6 

10-14 

8.6 
42.0 
61.4 

}         60.1 

57.7 
56.4 
54.1 
41.6 
50.6 

15-19 

20-24 

25-20 

80-84 

85-44 

45-54 

65-4M 

65+ 

UfikPOWn 

ToUl 

1,572,7*7 

622,880 

80.6 

S6.3 

Nearly  one-fourth  of  all  Cubans  between  10  and  15  years  of  age  and 
nearly  half  of  those  between  15  and  20  were  engaged  in  some  form  of 
gainful  occupation.  Between  25  and  65  the  proportion  was  uniformly 
about  three-fifths,  and  in  the  latest  age  period,  including  all  persons 
above  65,  more  than  half  the  population  were  at  work.  When  the 
figures  in  the  last  two  columns  of  the  preceding  table  are  compared 
some  noteworthy  differences  between  Cuba  and  the  United  States 
appear.  Among  children  10-14  gainful  employment  was  nearly  three 
times  as  common  in  Cuba  as  in  the  United  States  and  almost  as  com- 
mon as  among  the  colored  population  alone  of  the  United  States  (25.1 
per  cent).  This  fact  is  closely  connected  not  merely  with  the  poverty 
of  the  masses  in  Cuba,*  but  also  with  her  backward  industrial  condi- 
tion and  the  slight  development  of  the  school  system,  which  has 
appeared  from  the  illiteracy  and  education  tables.  For  the  years 
20-35  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  in  the  two  countries  was  about 
the  same,  but  the  percentage  falls  off  more  rapidly  in  the  United 
States  than  in  Cuba.  These  proportions  indicate  that  gainful  work 
begins  earlier  in  life  and  continues  to  a  later  age  in  Cuba  than  it  does 
in  the  United  States. 


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CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


CUBA 

OCCUPATIONS   BY   PROVINCES 


mi     AGRICULTURE  |^||     PROFESSIONS 

|__     Ji\    TRADE  AND  TRANSPORTATION  H|H     PERSONAL  SERVICE 

[  I     MANUFACTURING  |  |     NO  GAINFUL  OCCUPATION 


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OCCUPATIONS. 


161 


Breadtninners  clwmlfied  hy  age  cmd  sex. — In  the  following  talile  the 
number  of  persons  of  each  sex  and  the  specified  age  engaged  in  gainful 
occupations  is  given: 

Number  ofptTsorut  of  »ex  and  age  specified  who  nuTe  engaged  in  gainful  oertipatifrns. 


Age  period. 


0-9 

10-14 

15-19 

20-24 

25-29 

80-»4 

85^14 

45-64 

55-64 

65+ 

Unknowu  age . 


Total  persons. 


PersonH  in  gninful 
ocpupationM. 


Total . 


Male,      j 

Female. 

Male. 

FemaU'. 

180.690    1 

170,297 

1.638 

415 

112,399 

107,680 

49,398 

4,791 

84,316 

93,689 

77,303 

9,645 

79,008 

73,951 

77,515 

8,417 

73,206 

64,199 

72,133 

7,762 

64,023 

54,789 

63,126 

7.358 

101.305 

88, 751 

99,567 

12.211 

64,096    1 

63,432 

62.463 

8, 352 

37.099    1 

81.083 

35,677 

4.910 

18,976    1 

18,723 

17.115 

2.491 

57    1 

28 

39 

4 

815,206 

757,502 

556,974 

66,356 

From  the  figures  contained  in  the  preceding  table  the  percentages 
contained  in  the  following  have  been  computed,  and  for  comparison 
the  percentages  for  the  United  States  are  included: 

Per  rent  of  perwn*  of  ttejr  and  age  specified  who  vvre  engaged  in  gainful  t*rnipafiontt. 


Age  period. 

Males  in— 

FemalcH  in— 

Cuba. 

United 
States. 

Cnbn. 

0.2 
4.5 
10.3 
11.4 
J      12.0 
t      13.4 
14.6 
15.6 
16.8 
13.3 
14.3 

United   i 
SlaU'f.   J 

0-9 

0.9 
44.0 
91.6 
98.1 
98.5 
98.6 
98.3 
97.5 
96.2 
90.2 
68.4 

10-14 

11.2 
68.6 
92.0 

}      «.4 

97.9 

96.6 

.       92.9 

73.8 

76.8 

5.9 

15-19 

27.4 

20-24 ! 

30  6 

26-29 

[      17.3 
13.2 

30-»4 

36-44 

4^-64 

12.9 

56-64 

12.0 

66+ 

8.3 
30.8 

Unknown  age 

Total ; 

68.2 

68.7 

H.8 

12.  h 

Perhaps  the  most  noteworthy  conclusion  to  be  drawn  from  this  table 
is  that  the  large  proportion  of  males  of  all  ages  who  were  gainfully 
employed  in  Cuba  as  compared  with  the  United  States  (see  p.  157)  is 
due  not  so  much  to  a  larger  proportion  during  the  years  of  maximum 
eflBciency,  for  the  proportion  of  men  between  26  and  55  years  old  who 
were^at  work  in  the  two  countries  was  not  very  different,  but  is  due, 
rather,  to  the  fact  that  men  begin  to  work  in  Cuba  as  young  boys  and 
continue  to  work  into  advanced  years.  This  appears  clearly  in  the  table, 
but  perhaps  the  difference  between  the  two  countries  can  be  made  more 
conspicuous  by  the  following  table,  in  which  the  proportion  of  males 
of  a  given  age  in  the  United  States  who  were  at  work  is  treated  as  100 
24662 11 


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REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


per  cent  and  the  relative  proportion  of  persons  of  the  same  age  at  work 
in  Cuba  in  computed  on  that  basis: 

Ratio  Iwhrem  proportion  of  males  at  %voTk  in  Cuba  at  age  specified  and  those  at  work  in  the 
United  States  ( =100  per  cent). 


Age  period: 

392 

15-19     

156 

20-24 

107 

25-34                         

101 

35-44 

100 

45-54                               ..   .. 

101 

55-64 

104* 

654- 

122 

Of  boys  between  10  and  16  nearly  four  times  as  large  a  proportion 
were  at  work  in  Cuba  as  in  the  United  States.  The  proportion  of  young 
men  15-19  at  work  is  over  50  per  cent  greater,  and  of  those  20-24  the 
excess  was  7  per  cent;  but  between  25  and  65  the  average  difference 
was  only  about  1  per  cent.  For  men  56  to  64  it  rose  again  to  between 
3  and  4  per  cent,  and  of  men  over  65  the  proportion  at  work  in  Cubft 
was  over  one-fifth  greater  than  in  the  United  States.  The  difference 
between  the  two  countries  may  be  due  in  part  to  the  difference  in  the 
character  of  the  industries.  An  effort  to  ascertain  whether  this  Is  so 
will  be  made  when  the  figures  for  classes  of  industries  are  analyzed. 
But  in  very  large  part  doubtless  it  is  a  result  of  the  burdens,  indus- 
trial and  political,  under  which  the  island  has  been  struggling  of  recent 
years.  Boys  and  old  men  in  Cuba  have  had  to  work  in  order  to  earn 
a  livelihood,  while  in  the  United  States  many  of  the  former  have  been 
securing  for  themselves,  b}'  school  attendance  and  otherwise,  a  greater 
earning  power  in  later  years,  and  many  of  the  latter  class  have  with- 
drawn from  gainful  occupations  and  live  on  their  own  savings  or  on 
the  surplus  from  other  members  of  the  household. 

In  the  two  columns  for  women  a  remarkable  difference  appears 
between  the  two  countries.  The  proportion  of  Cuban  women  who  were 
engaged  in  gainful  occupations,  while  always  small,  rises  steadily, 
though  slowly,  to  a  maximum  at  the  age  period  65-64.  In  the  United 
States  it  rises  very  rapidly  to  a  maximum  almost  twice  as  great  in  the 
age  period  20-24.  It  then  falls  almost  as  abruptly,  and  for  ages  above 
35  it  is  actually  lower  than  in  Cuba.  This  suggests  that  in  Cuba  the 
duties  of  wife  and  mother  may  be  combined  not  infrequei\f;ly  with 
some  gainful  occupation,  while  in  the  United  States  the  two  classes  of 
duties  are  more  often  successive  and  less  often  simultaneous.  From 
the  figures  in  Table  XXX  one  may  compute  that  among  the  female 
breadwinners  of  Cuba,  nearly  thi'ee-fourths  of  whom  were  colored, 
(p.  163)  over  one-fifth  (21.2)  were  living  in  lawful  or  consensual  mar- 
riage.    Among  the  female  breadwinners  of  the  United  States  in  1890 


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OCCUPATIONS. 


163 


about  one-eighth  (13.2  per  cent)  were  married,  but^among  the  colored 
female  breadwinners  of  that  country  over  one-fourth  (27.7  per  cent) 
were  married. 

Breadwinners  classified  hy  race. — ^In  the  following  table  the  absolute 
and  relative  number  of  persons  engaged  in  gainful  occupations  is  given 
with  distinction  of  race: 

Per  cad  of  breadwinners  by  race. 


Bace. 

Population. 

In  gainful  occupa- 
tions. 

Number. 

Per 
cent 

White '. 

1,062,897 
600,400 

408,060 
210,271 

38.8 
42.1 

Colored 

Total 

1,672,787 

622.330 

39.6 

This  shows  that  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  was  somewhat  higher 
among  the  colored  than  among  the  whites.  In  the  following  table  the 
corresponding  per  cents  for  the  United 'States  (1890)  and  Porto  Rico 
are  introduced: 

•  Per  cent  of  breadmnners. 


Country. 

Among 
whites. 

Amonf 
colored. 

Differ- 
ence. 

3.8 
2.6 
6.8 

Cuba 

88.3 
82.2 
86.6 

42.1 
84.8 
41.8 

Porto  Rico 

United  Statcfl.  1890 

The  diflference  between  the  two  races  appears  in  all  three  countries, 
but  in  Cuba  is  greater  than  in  Porto  Rico  and  less  than  in  the  United 
States.  To  understand  these  diflferences  better  the  classification  by 
sex  may  be  added  to  that  by  race. 

Breadmnners  classified  by  race  and  sex. — ^The  following  table  gives 
the  absolute  and  relative  numbers  for  all  Cuba: 

Breadwinners  classified  by  ra4X  and  sex. 


Race  and  sex. 

Total  popu- 
lation. 

Number. 

In  gainful 
occupa- 
tions. 

Per 
cent. 

White  males 

668,113 
262,092 
489,284 
268,808 

385,470 
170,604 
17,689 
48,767 

68.4 
67.6 
8.6 
18.2 

Colored  males 

White  females 

Colored  females 

Total 

1,672,797 

622,880 

89.6 

The  difference  between  white  and  colored  among  males  is  too  small 
to  be  weighty  or  significant.     The  difference  between  the  two  races  is 


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IM 


REPORT   ON    THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


due  entirelj'  to  the  fact  that  gainful  otx^upations  are  followed  hv  col- 
ored women  to  al>out  five  times  the  extent  that  they  are  by  white 
women.  To  detennine  whether  this  is  true  also  of  other  countries 
the  percentage  figures  are  given  side  by  side  in  the  following  table: 

Per  cent  of  lirendmnner». 


Country. 


Amonjf  malep. 
WhU<?.    I  Cx>lored. 


Anions  femalcF!. 
Whitf.     Colored. 


Cub* 68.4  67.6 

PortoRloo j         57.0  66.7    | 

United  Slateh  (1890) 58.9    '         57.4    , 


3,6  18.2 

7.5  13.8 

11.0  25.8 


In  all  three  countries  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  among  white 
males  was  slightly  higher  than  the  proportion  among  colored  males; 
but  in  all  three  this  difference  is  outweighed  by  the  fact  that  colored 
women  are  at  work  much  more  generally  than  white  women.  The 
difference  l>etween  the  women  of  the  two  races  in  this  regard,  how- 
ever, was  far  more  marked  in  Cuba  than  in  either  Poilo  Rico  or  the 
United  States.  Cuba  had  a  proportion  of  males  of  each  race  at  work 
much  larger  than  in  either  other  country.  The  proportion  of  white 
women  at  work  was  a])out  one-half  that  in  Porto  Rico  and  one-third 
that  in  the  United  States.  But  the  proportion  of  colored  women 
at  work,  while  below  that  in  the  United  States,  was  higher  than  that 
in  Porto  Rico. 

BreadwhmerH  clnmified  as  n/itwe  and  foreign  Ixym, — ^This  distinction 
is  made  in  the  occupation  tables  only  for  the  whites.  The  colored  for- 
eign born,  of  whom  Table  X  shows  that  there  are  about  30,000  (30,382) 
in  Cuba — mainly  Chinese  and  Africans — must  be  disregarded.  The 
facts  for  the  whites  are  given  in  the  following  table,  by  race  and  sex: 


Ract'  and  wx. 

Population. 

In  gainful  occu- 
pations. 

Number. 

Per 
cept. 

Native  whito  males 

447,373 

115,740 

462,926 

2(i,358 

274,365 
111,  105 

14,884 
2,7a5 

61. 3 

Foreign-born  white  males 

96.0 

Native  white  females 

8.2 

Foreign-bom  white  females 

10.3 

Total  whiter 

1,062,897 

403,059 

38.3 

Hardly  a  moment's  reflection  is  needed  to  detect  the  cause  of  the 
wide  difference  indicated  in  the  preceding  table  between  the  native  and 
the  foreign-bom  of  each  sex  and  to  reveal  the  insignificant  character 
of  such  a  table  taken  alone.  The  immigrant  whites  of  both  sexes  are 
mainly  adults,  and  the  large  proportion  of  workers  among  them  is  not 
because  they  are  of  foreign  birth  but  is  because  they  are  adult  Hence 
if  there  is  any  real  difference  between  these  two  classes  of  whites,  to 


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OCCUPATIONS. 


165 


discover  it  groups  of  the  same  age  must  be  compared. 
in  the  following  table: 


This  is  done 


Per  cent  of  hreiubninrwrH  cUvasified  by  nur,  tuUipUy^  se.Vy  and  luje. 


Age  period. 


1                     Males. 

Females. 

\   Native 
1    white. 

Foreiifn 
white. 

Colored.. 

Native 
white. 

Foreiini 
white. 

Coloted 

1           0.7 
43.8 

1         90,0 

'         97.2 
98.0 
98.0 
97.6 

1          96.4 
W.2 

1          87.7 

'          62.5 

1 

1.8 
57.9 
97.3 
99.3 
99.1 
99.2 
98.5 
96.7 
93.3 
83.1 
87.5 

1.2 
43.6 
93.5 
98.8 
98.9 
99.1 
99.2 
99.0 
98.7 
93.3 
58.8 

0.1 
2.2 
5.1 
5.1 
4.6 
4.9 
5.1 
4.3 
3.9 
2.3 
9.0 

0.0 
4.3 
9.6 
11.1 
13.2 
13.2 
12.5 
10.2 
9.1 
5.5 
0.0 

0.6 
9.1 
20.6 
23.2 
24.9 
27.2 
29.2 
90.8 
29.6 
22.9 
0.0 

0-9 

10-14 

lf>-19 

20-24 

25-29 

30-34 

36-44 

4S-64 

5S^ 

65-H 

Unknown . 


This  table  shows  that  among  females  the  foreign-born  whites  uni- 
formly were  at  work  in  larger  proportions  than  the  native  white  but  in 
much  smaller  propoilions  than  the  colored.  This  may  be  connected 
-vVith  the  concentration  of  the  foreign-bom  of  both  sexes  in  the  cities 
and  the  larger  opportunities  which  cities  afford  for  women  to  find  work. 
Among  males  the  proportion  of  foreign-born  whites  below  35  who 
were  at  work  is  greater  than  the  proportion  in  either  other  class,  but 
at  later  ages  the  proportion  of  colored  breadwinners  was  higher,  and 
after  65  the  proportion  of  native  whites  was  also  higher.  It  is  note- 
worthy, too,  that  the  maximum  proportion  in  gainfid  occupations  for 
each  sex  was  reached  later  for  the  colored  than  for  either  class  of  whites. 

Breadwinners  clans !jied  hy  kind  of  occupation. — ^The  occupations  in 
which  persons  are  engaged  are  grouped  by  the  census  into  five  main 
classes.    Arranged  in  the  order  of  their  prevalence,  the  groups  are: 

1.  Agriculture,  tiaheries,  and  mining. 

2.  Domestic  and  personal  service. 

3.  Manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries. 

4.  Trade  and  transportation. 

5.  Professional  service. 

The  first  class  includes  all  persons  engaged  in  the  so-called  extractive 
industries  or  those  concerned  with  getting  the  wealth  out  of  the 
earth  or  water,  the  third  class  includes  those  who  transform  the  raw 
material  furnished  by  the  extractive  industries  into  new  forms  or 
combinations,  the  fourth  class  includes  all  engaged  in  giving  place  or 
time  values  to  wealth  by  moving  it  from  a  place  where  it  is  less  needed 
to  a  place  where  it  is  more  needed,  or  by  saving  it  from  a  time  when 
it  is  less  needed  till  a  time  when  it  is  more  needed,  while  the  second 
and  fifth  classes  include  all  whose  contribution  to  society  is  in  the 
form  of  personal  services  rather  than  of  goods  or  of  services  upon 
goods.  The  line  of  division  between  these  groups  or  classes  is  often 
obscmre,  and  in  many  individual  cases  serious  diflBculties  arise  regard- 


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BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


ing  the  best  group  to  which  a  person  or  an  occupation  should  be 
assigned  under  the  imperfect  description  found  on  the  schedule. 

The  population  of  Cuba  engaged  in  gainful  occupations  was  divided 
as  follows  among  the  five  groups: 


Occupation  group. 


Agriculture,  flsherieB,  and  mining 

Domestic  and  pennnal  service 

Manufacturing  and  mechanical  punuits 

Trade  and  transportation 

Prof  essional  service 

ToUl 


Number. 


299.197 

141.986 

98.084 

79,427 

8,786 


Per  cent  of 

total  in 
gainful  oc- 
cupations. 


48.1 
22.8 
14.9 
12.8 
1.4 


100.0 


Nearly  one-half  of  all  workers  were  engaged  in  agriculture  and  over 
one-fifth  in  domestic  and  personal  service.  About  one  in  seven  was  in 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries,  and  one  in  eight  in  trade 
and  transportation.  In  the  following  table  the  per  cents  for  Cuba  and 
the  United  States  are  put  side  by  side. 

Per  cent  of  breadwinners  in  each  group  of  occupations. 


Occupation  group. 


Agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining 

Domestic  and  personal  service 

Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits 

Trsde  and  transportation 

Professional  service 

Total 


Cuba. 


48.1 
22.8 
14.9 
12.8 
1.4 


100.0 


United 
States 
(1890). 


89.7 
19.2 
22.4 
14.6 
4.1 


100.0 


The  main  difference  in  occupations  between  the  two  countries  is 
that  Cuba  is  more  confined  to  agriculture  and  gives  less  attention  to 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits  than  do  the  United  States. 
The  small  proportion  of  the  professional  class  in  Cuba  is  also  note- 
worthy. 

Bread/winners  hy  class  of  occupation  cmd  sex. — The  sex  of  the  work- 
ers has  great  influence  upon  the  character  of  the  work  chosen  or 
assigned.     This  appears  in  the  following  table: 

Breadwinners  by  occupaUony  group,  and  sex. 


Sex  named  in  gainful  occupations  in  class  named. 

Occupation  group. 

Number. 

Percent, 

Per  cent  In  United 
States  (1890). 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining  . 

Domestic  and  personal  service 

Manufacturing   and  mechanical 
pursuits 

292,881 
96,760 

82,012 
78,766 
7;  096 

6.866 
46,167 

11,022 

661 

1.640 

52.6 
J7.2 

14.7 
14.2 
1.3 

10.3 
69.6 

16.6 
l.O 
2.5 

44.3 
14.3 

21.6 
16.4 
8.4 

17.4 
26.2 

Trade  and  transportation 

6.8 

Professional  service ,. 

8.0 

Total 

656.974 

66.356 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

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OCCUPATIONS   AND   PERSONS   TO    A    BUILDING. 


167 


One-half  of  the  males  at  work  in  Cuba  were  engaged  in  agriculture, 
etc.,  but  only  one-tenth  of  the  females.  In  the  United  States  the 
proportion  of  males  in  agriculture  was  less,  but  of  females  was 
greater.  In  both  countries  the  females  were  mainly  in  the  class  of 
domestic  and  personal  service,  but  in  Cuba  this  class  includes  about 
seven-tenths  of  all  women  at  work,  while  in  the  United  States  it 
includes  only  a  little  over  four-tenths.  In  both  countries  women  who 
go  to  work  at  all  go  into  manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries  in 
rather  larger  proportions  than  men  do. 


SANITAKY   CONDITION  OF   DWELLINGS   AND  UNOCCUPIED   HOUSES. 

In  the  present  census  all  buildings,  whether  occupied  October  16, 
1899,  or  not,  were  reported  by  the  enumerators,  and  the  facts  regard- 
ing the  provisions  in  them  for  suppljdng  waCer  and  for  disposing  of 
garbage  and  excreta  were  ascertained.  Before  proceeding  to  a  dis- 
cussion of  these  topics  a  brief  analysis  of  this  return  of  buildings  may 
be  made. 

The  total  number  of  buildings  in  Cuba,  whether  occupied  or  not, 
was  297,905,  or  5.3  persons  to  a  building.  The  average  number  of 
persons  to  a  building,  occupied  or  unoccupied,  may  be  computed  from 
those  tables.    The  provinces  range  as  follows: 


Proviiice. 


Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Matanzas 

HalMina  (exclusive  of  city). 


Peraons  ' 
to  a      11 
building. 


Province. 


4.7  'I  Puerto  Principe. 

4.8  II  Pinardel  Rio... 
4.8     Habanacity 

6.0 


PeraoDB 

toa 
building. 


6.2 
6.4 

8.8 


In  Habana  city  there  was  one  building  of  some  sort  to  each  9  persons; 
elsewhere  in  Cuba  one  to  each  5.  In  Porto  Rico  there  were  5.3  persons 
to  a  building,  or  about  the  same  as  in  Cuba  outside  Habana.  The  pro- 
ceding  table  suggests  that  in  the  cities  of  Cuba  the  mtio  of  buildings 
to  population  was  probably  less  than  in  the  ruml  districts.  The  facts 
upon  this  point  are  brought  out  more  clearly  in  the  following  table: 


DiHtrict. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Buildings. 

Persona 

toa 
building. 

14  cities - 

491,504 
1,081,293 

79,077 

218,828 

6.2 
4.9 

Rest  of  Cuba    

The  average  number  of  persons  to  a  building  was  much  less  in  all  cities 
togetl^er  than  it  is  in  Habana.  Hence  the  other  cities  must  have  had  a 
relatively  small  number  of  persons  to  a  building.  All  14  cities  except 
Knar  del  Rio  and  Habana  had  a  smaller  number  of  persons  to  a  building 
than  the  average  for  all  cities,  and  8  of  the  14  had  as  small  a  number  as 


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168 


EEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


the  average  in  the  rural  dujtrict«  of  the  island.  The  smallest  number 
of  i>crson8  to  a  building  was  found  in  the  cities  of  Santa  Clara  province, 
except  Cienfuegos. 

Of  the  297,905  buildings  in  Cuba,  262,724,  or  about  seven-eighths 
(88.2  per  cent),  w^re  occupied,  and  35,181,  or  one-eighth  (11.8 percent), 
were  unoccupied.  The  number  and  ratio  of  unoccupied  buildings  to 
the  total  was  as  follows: 


Province. 


Habanft 

Puerto  Principe 

8auta  Clara 

Bantiaffo 

PInardel  Rio... 
Mataozatt 


Total 
buildings. 

Unoccu- 

I»er  cent 

Died 
buildings. 

pied. 

&1,229 

5,474 

8.5 

10,997 

1,672 

9.8 

74,995 

9,599 

12,8 

67,891 

8,673 

12.8 

82.  (M2 

4;  155 

13 

.      41,751 

5,608 

13.4    1 

The  positions  of  Habana  and  Pinar  del  Rio  suggest  that  unoccupied 
buildings  may  be  more  common  in  the  country.  The  following  table 
gives  the  number  and  proportion  of  unoccupied  buildings  in  the  14: 
cities  separately  reported: 


District. 

Buildings. 

Unoccu- 
buildings. 

Percent 
unoccu- 
pied. 

14  cities 

78,915 
218,990 

8,338 
26,843 

10.5 
12.3 

ilest  of  Cuba 

To  ascertain  whether  the  number  of  unoccupied  buildings  was  unusu- 
ally large  because  of  recent  disturbances,  the  figures  for  Porto  Rico 
may  be  used  for  comparison.  On  that  island  11.3  per  cent  of  the  build- 
ings were  reported  as  unoccupied.  It  seems,  therefore,  that  the  pro- 
portion in  Cuba  was  not  exceptional. 

Passing  to  the  occupied  buildings  or  dwellings,  one  may  examine  the 
average  number  of  pei"sons  to  each.  In  this  respect  the  provinces 
rank  as  follows: 


Persons 

toa 
dwelling. 


Santa  Clara... 

Santiago 

Habana  (exclusive  of  city) 

Matanzas  

Puerto  Principe 


5.5 
5.5 
5.6 
6.6  I 
6.8 


Province. 


Persons 

toa 
dwelling. 


Pinar  del  Rio 
Habana  city . 

Cuba... 


6.2 
9.4 


6.0 


In  the  United  States  in  1890  there  were  5.5  persons  to  a  dwelling. 
The  table  does  not  show  that  the  average  dwelling  was  more  crowded  in 
Ilabana  city  than  in  Santa  Clara,  for  in  the  one  case  the  dwelling  may 
be  more  roomy.  The  dwelling  is  an  unsatisfactory  unit  of  measure, 
just  because  it  can  not  be  defined.     Hence  thorough  and  accurate 


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PEBS0N8   TO   A    DWELLING. 


169 


knowledge  of  local  conditions  i«  requisite  to  interpret  such  a  table  as 
the  foregoing.  Yet,  if  the  dwellings  of  Cuba  be  divided  into  two 
classes,  city  dwellings  and  country  dwellings,  some  progress  may  be 
made.    This  is  done  in  the  following  table: 


District. 

Popula- 
tion. 

DwelllDgs. 

Pereoufl 

toa 
dwelling. 

Hcities 

491,604 
1,081,293 

70,739 
191,985 

6.9 
5.6 

Rest  of  Cuba 

There  were  rather  more  persons  to  a  dwelling  in  the  cities  of  Cuba, 
but  the  difference  is  in  no  wise  what  the  figures  for  Habana  city  in  the 
earlier  table  would  lead  one  to  expect.  In  many  of  the  other  cities  of 
Cuba,  therefore,  the  number  of  persons  to  a  dwelling  must  be  low. 
Indeed,  when  the  figures  as  a  whole  for  the  13  cities  outside  Habana 
are  compared  with  the  rural  districts,  it  appears  that  in  those  cities 
there  were  on  the  average  5.6  persons  to  a  dwelling,  or  just  the  same 
number  as  in  the  country.  In  the  following  table  the  figures  are  given 
for  the  urban  and  rural  population  of  each  province: 


Province. 

Persons  to  a  dwell- 
ing. 

In  urban 
districts. 

In  rural 
districts. 

Habana. 

8.9 
6.9 
7.6 
5.2 
6.4 
5.6 

5.6 
5.5 
6.2 
6.0 
5.6 
5.6 

MAtan;HM  . 

Pinardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 

6.9 

5.6 

In  the  three  western  provinces  there  were  more  persons  to  a  dwelling 
in  the  cities,  although  outside  of  Habana  province  the  differeiy^e  was 
slight;  but  in  the  three  eastern  provinces  the  position  is  reversed. 
It  may  be  inferred  that  the  dwelling  in  Cuban  cities  outside  Habana 
is  not  much  more  roomy  than  it  is  in  the  rural  districts,  for  space  in  a 
city  is  usually  more  valuable  than  in  the  country,  and  if  the  average 
city  dwelling  were  larger  it  would  probably  contain  more  inhabitants. 
In  this  respect  there  is  a  marked  difference  between  the  Cuban  figures 
and  those  for  the  large  cities  of  the  United  States.  The  fifty -eight 
American  cities  each  having  over  50,000  inhabitants  had  7.3  persons 
to  a  dwelling  in  1890,  and  the  rest  of  the  country  only  5.2.  Still  only 
three  American  cities  had  more  persons  to  a  dwelling  than  Habana. 

Dwellings  and  families, — By  comparing  the  number  of  dwellings 
with  the  number  of  families  in  Table  XL,  one  may  ascertain  the  ratio 
between  the  censu.s  families  and  the  dwellings.  Every  dwelling  con- 
tains at  least  one  family,  for,  as  already  explained,  one  person  living 


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BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


alone  is  for  census  purposes  a  family,  and  an  unoccupied  place  of 
habitation  is  not  a  dwelling.  As  certain  dwellings  contain  two  or 
more  families,  the  number  of  census  families  must  exceed  the  number 
of  dwellings.  The  figures  for  Cuba,  compared  with  those  for  Uie 
United  States  and  Porto  Rico,  are  given  below: 


Country. 

Number  of 
families. 

Number  of 
dwellings. 

Families 
to  100 
dwell- 
ings. 

Cuba _ 

Porto  Rioo 

827,965 

181,694 

12,690.162 

262,724 

158,805 

11,483,818 

125 
115 
111 

United  States 

From  these  figures  it  appears  that  there  were  more  families  to  100 
dwellings  in  Cuba  than  in  either  Porto  Rico  or  the  United  States.  In 
the  following  table  the  figures  are  given  separately  for  each  province 
and  for  the  city  of  Habana: 


Province. 


Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

PinardelRio 

Habana  (excluding  city) 


Families 
to  100 
dwell- 
ings. 


110 
110 
112 
118 


Province. 


Puerto  Principe. 

Matanzas 

Habana  (city)  .. 


Families 
to  100 
dwell- 
ings. 


122 
124 

227 


The  families  to  100  dwellings  in  Cuba,  outside  the  city  of  Habana, 
were  114,  or  slightly  less  than  in  Porto  Rico,  but  rather  more  than  in 
the  United  States.  Habana  city  had  more  than  2  families  to  each 
dwelling,  a  relation  which  held  in  the  United  States  only  for  New 
York,  Brooklyn,  and  Fall  River  among  the  fifty  largest  cities  of  the 
country. 

SOURCE  or  WATER  SUPPLY  IN  CUBA. 

The  original  source  of  water  supply  in  Cuba,  as  elsewhere,  is  rain- 
fall. This  rain  may  fall  on  a  building  and  be  guided  into  and  stored 
in  a  cistern,  or  may  fall  on  and  percolate  through  the  gix)und  either 
under  or  upon  the  surface.  Flowing  water  may  be  obtained  for 
human  use  as  it  comes  to  the  surface  either  in  a  natural  spring  or  an 
artificial  well.  Or  it  may  be  obtained  as  it  flows  over  the  surface 
either  in  a  natural  water  course  or  in  an  artificial  water  course  or 
aqueduct.  Accordingly  the  census  recognizes  four  sources  of  water 
supply,  as  follows: 

1.  Cistern  for  rain  water. 

2.  Spring  or  well  for  ground  water. 

3.  Water  from  a  natural  stream. 

4.  Water  from  an  aitificial  aqueduct. 


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80UB0E   OF   WATER   SUPPLY. 


171 


As  many  homes  in  Cuban  cities  take  water  from  street  vendors,  the 
answers  given  to  the  enumerators  at  the  houses  regarding  the  source 
from  which  the  vendors  obtain  it  may  be  open  to  some  slight  question, 
but  there  seems  little  reason  to  deny  the  substantial  correctness  of  the 
returns. 

These  four  sources  are  drawn  upon  for  a  water  supply  in  the  fol- 
lowing proportions: 


Source  of  vrater  supply. 


Number 
of  dwellngB 

supplied 
fromsouioe 

named. 


dstenis  for  rain  water 

Stream 

Aqueduct 

Etoringorwell 

Not  specified 

Total 


120,  an 

74,868 
41,748 
17,766 
8,226 


262,724 


Percent 
of  total 
dweU- 


16 
7 
8 


100 


Nearly  half  the  dwellings  in  Cuba  got  water  from  cisterns  and  more 
than  one-fourth  from  streams,  or  three-fourths  from  these  two  sources. 
The  proportion  using  each  of  these  four  sources  in  each  ^province  is 
shown  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 


Per  cent  of  dwellings  obtaining  water  from 
source  named. 


Cistern. 


stream. 


Aque- 
duct. 


Well. 


Not 
specified. 


Total. 


Habana(cit7} 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

Matanzas 

Pinar-delRio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 


16 


100 


Cisterns  were  used  least  in  the  capital,  but  with  that  exception  were 
least  common  in  the  two  provinces  at  the  ends  of  the  island,  where 
one-sixth  (Santiago)  or  one-third  (Pinar  del  Rio)  of  the  houses  derived 
water  from  this  source.  The  other  four  provinces  fall  into  two  groups, 
an  eastern,  Puerto  Principe  and  Santa  Clara,  in  which  one-half  of  the 
houses  used  cisterns,  and  a  western,  Habana  outside  the  city  and 
Matanzas,  in  which  nearly  four-fifths  of  the  houses  relied  on  cisterns. 
Where  cisterns  were  most  used  streams  were  least  used  for  water.  In 
the  provinces  at  the  ends  of  Cuba  about  three-fifths  of  the  houses  relied 
on  streams;  in  the  east  central  group  one-fifth,  and  in  the  west  central 
group  less  than  one-tenth.  About  five-sixths  of  the  houses  in  Habana 
city  derived  water  from  an  aqueduct.  In  Matanzas  and  Santiago  the 
proportion  was  about  one-seventh,  elsewhere  less  than  one-tenth. 

In  tihe  following  tables  the  per  cent  of  dwellings  using  these  several 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


172 


REPOBT    ON    THE    CENSUS.  OF   CUBA,   1899. 


sources  of  water  supply  i»  given  for  each  of  the  fourteen  cities  sepa- 
rately reported  and  then  for  the  districts  outside  those  cities  by 
provinces. 


City. 

Per  cell 

t  of  urban  dwellings  obtaining  water 
from  sources  named. 

Total. 

Aque- 
duct. 

Cistern. 

Stream. 

Well. 

Not  8pec- 
ified. 

Cardenas 

25 
42 

1 
83 

0 
55 

0 

0 

1 
53 
73 

0 
W 

0 

68 
7 

86 
4 
31 
39 
90 

46 

I 
8 
89 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
6 
0 
0 

8 

3 

47 

3 

1 

38 
1 
1 
41 
15 
36 

4 
4 

10 
12 
1 
5 
3 
5 
8 
2 
2 
1 
2 
2 

too 

Ciciifuc^oH. 

100 

Ciuanabacua 

100 

Habana 

100 

Manzanillo 

too 

Matannu) 

100 

Plnardel  Rio 

100 

Puerto  Principe ■. 

100 

Regla 

100 

Saeua  la  Grande 

100 

Saneti  SplritUH 

17                 0 
0  ,             10 
3                  1 

11                87 

100 

Santa  Clara 

100 

Santiaffo 

100 

Trinidad 

100 

Urban  ('ubii 

53 

23 

3                 14 

7 

100 

The  most  iucoinplete  returns  under  this  head  were  from  the  cities  in 
Habana  province.  The  seven  cities  which  apparently  had  a  municipal 
water  supply 'stand  out  sharply  in  the  first  column,  and  in  the  order 
of  the  proportion  of  houses  supplied  with  water  through  an  aqueduct 
they  mnk  as  follows:  Santiago,  Habana,  Saneti  Spiritus,  Matanzas, 
Sagua  la  Grande,  Cienfuegos,  and  Cardenas. 

The  following  notes  regarding  the  water  supply  of  these  cities  have 
been  derived  from  various  sources: 

CAKDENAS. 

as  haa  had  an  aqueduct  which  supplies  water  from  a  subterra- 
distaiit  from  the  t(^wn,  which  furnishes  an  abundant  supply  at 
d  per  mouth  for  each  faucet.  The  well  water  and  that  from 
is  brackish  and  not  potable,  so  that,  as  a  rule,  the  poor  purchase 
;  carriers.     (Military  Notes  on  Cuba.) 

CIENFUEGOS. 

it  of  a  waterworks  system  has  been  made,  and  the  water  tower, 
ion  of  over  100  feet  above  the  harbor  level,  is  one  of  the  striking 
»pe;  but  at  last  accounts  the  company  had  not  begun  to  furnish 
source  of  supply  was  from  underground  cisterns,  the  owners  of 
some  revenue  from  selling  water  to  tlieir  less  fortunate  ueigh- 

er  is  absolutely  inadequate  to  the  demands  of  the  city.  The 
deuces  liave  cement  cisterns  built  in  the  ground  and  use  rain 
supply  comes  from  a  small  stream,  the  Jicotea  River,  a  small 
m.  The  water  is  pumped  into  two  aqueducts.  The  principal 
after  the  Jicotea  River,  holds  400,000  liters;  a  smaller  one,  the 
300,000  liters.  Pipes  from  these  two  aqueducts  nm  through  a 
)ve  ground  alongside  the  curbing.  The  gates  are  open  only  two 
)spitals  use. this  water  after  boiling.  As  a  remetly  for  this*Cou- 
re  was  a  project  to  bring  water  from  a  point  20  miles  distant  from 


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SOURCE    OF   WATER   SUPPLY,  173 

the  falls  of  the  Havabanilla  River,  1,200  feet  al)ove  the  sea.  Absolute  freeilom  from 
pollution  was  claimed.  It  was  abandoned  on  account  of  the  war.  Tlie  estimated 
cost  of  this  work  was  $1,000,000.  The  Jicotea  aqueduct  is  simply  a  large  open  cistern 
built  of  rocks  and  cement.  There  are  about  200  wells  in  the  city,  but  infected. 
(United  States  Sanitary  Inspector  D.  E.  Dudley,  quoted  by  R.  P.  Porter.) 


The  present  water  supply  of  Halmna  is  excellent,  being  derived  from  the  pure  and 
extensive  springs  of  Vento,  about  9  miles,  distant  from  the  city.  The  present  m^ue- 
duct,  completeil  in  1893  or  1894,  was  begun  in  1861,  and  is  known  as  El  Canal  de 
Albear.  At  the  source  of  supply  there  is  a  large  stone  basin  into  which  the  springs 
or,  more  properly,  subterranean  streams  bubble.  At  one  side  is  a  magnificent  gate- 
house. From  this  runs  the  aqueduct,  which  is  an  egg-shaped  brick  tunnel,  generally 
under  ground,  but  marked  at  frequent  intervals  along  its  route  by  turrets  of  brick 
and  stone.  The  present  water  supply  enters  the  city  through  the  suburb  of  Cerro, 
which  formerly  had  few,  if  any,  connections  with  it,  the  population  of  this  suburb 
purchasing  their  water  from  the  street  carriers.  There  is  an  old  aqueduct  also  run- 
ning into  the  city,  built  as  early  as  1597,  known  as  the  Zanja.  Tlie  source  of  this 
water  supply  was,  or  is,  the  Almendares  River,  only  about  2  miles  away,  the  water 
of  which  was  unquestionably  impure.  There  are  but  few  wells  and  cisterns  in  the 
city,  and  to-day  nearly  all  of  the  water  used  is  pure.  It  should  perhaps  l)e  said  that 
the  waterworks  enterprise  is  a  municipal  affair.     (Clark. ) 

The  present  water  supply  of  Ilabana  is  excellent,  although  it  is  used  by  only  a  por- 
tion of  the  population.  It  comes  from  the  enormous  springs  on  the  banks  of  the 
Almendares  River,  about  8  miles  due  south  of  the  city.  These  springs  are  inclosed 
in  a  masonry  structure  about  150  feet  in  diameter  at  its  base  and  250  feet  at  the  top 
and  60  feet  deep.  Masonry  drains  are  laid  around  the  upper  surface  to  prevent  any 
surface  water  from  washing  into  the  spring.  At  the  base  of  this  spring  the  water  is 
constantly  bubbling  up  and  appears  to  l>e  of  remarkable  purity.  The  supply  is  so 
lai^  that  it  more  than  fills  all  the  present  requirements,  and  a  large  portion  of  it 
runs  to  waste.  From  the  spring  the  water  is  conveyed  under  t he  Almendares  River  by 
pipes  situated  in  a  tunnel,  and  from  the  north  side  of  the  river  the  water  is  conveyed 
in  a  masonry  tunnel  or  aqueduct  for  a  distance  of  about  6  miles,  where  it  discharges 
into  a  receiving  reservoir,  the  altitude  of  which  is  35  meters,  or  about  108  feet,  above 
the  sea  level.  From  the  distributing  reservoir  the  water  is  carried  into  the  city  by 
gravity  in  pipes,  the  highest  point  in  the  thickly  populated  portion  of  the  city  being 
68  feet.  The  pipes  in  the  streets  are  said  to  be  small,  and  there  is  not  sufficient  pres- 
sure to  carry  the  water  to  the  upper  stories  of  the  small  number  of  buildings  which 
exceed  one  story  in  height.  In  these  buildings  pumping  is  necessarj'.  There  are 
said  to  be  about  18,000  houses  in  the  city,  and  from  a  report  made  by  the  municipal- 
ity in  1897  it  appears  that  the  number  of  houses  directly  connected  with  the  water 
pipes  is  9,233.  The  poorer  houses,  which  are  not  thus  connected,  obtain  water  either 
by  purchase  from  the  street  vendors  or  by  getting  it  from  public  taps,  of  which  there 
are  a  certain  number  scattered  throughout  the  city.  (General  Greene,  quoted  by 
R.  P.Porter.) 

MATANZAS. 

Since  1872  it  has  had  a  fine  water  supply,  though  only  about  half  the  houses  are 
connected  with  the  water  system,  and  many  of  the  people  still  buy  water  of  street  ven- 
dors without  knowledge  as  to  the  source  of  supply  or  purity  of  the  water.     (Porter. ) 

SANTIAGO. 

The  city  has  a  good  water  supply  furnished  through  an  aqueduct  namotl  El  Paso 
delaVirgen.     (Clark.) 


Digitized  by  VjOO^IC 


174 


BKPOBT  OK  THE  CEK8U8  OF  CUBA, 


There  is  no  city  in  which  one-third  of  the  houses  obtain  water 
directly  from  a  natural  stream,  and  in  more  than  half  of  the  cities  this 
source  of  supply  is  not  recognized.  The  only  cities  in  which  it  is 
important  are  Manzanillo,  Sancti  Spiritus,  and  Trinidad. 

MANZANILLO. 

Manzanillo  lies  on  the  coast  of  Santiago,  about  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  from  the  mouth  of  the  Yara.  "The  water  supply  formerly  came 
from  the  river  Yara,  but  proved  to  be  so  unhealthy  that  now  the 
inhabitants  rely  entirely  upon  cisterns."  (Clark.)  In  the  light  of  the 
preceding  figures  this  is  evidently  a  statement  of  what  should  be 
rather  than  what  is. 

BANCn  sratiTus. 

"Sancti  Spiritus  is  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  Yayabo,  which 
flows  5i  miles  to  empty  into  the  Zaza  at  a  point  about  20  miles  from 
the  sea."    (Military  Notes  on  Cuba.) 

TRINIDAD. 

"The  course  of  the  river  Guaurabo  lies  within  half  a  mile  of  Trini- 
dad."   (Clark.) 

Regarding  the  water  supply  of  the  other  five  cities,  Guanabacoa, 
Pinar  del  Rio,  Puerto  Principe,  Regla,  and  Santa  Clara,  the  following 
notes  are  submitted: 

GUANABA€X>A. 

"Guanabacoa  is  noted  for  its  numerous  springs  and  wells  and  for 
the  excellence  and  abundance  of  its  drinking  water."  (Military  Notes 
on  Cuba.) 


PINAR  DBL  mo. 


"The  river  on  the  outskirts  has  good  water."  (Military  Notes.) 
"The  river  which  skirts  the  town  could  be  utilized  as  a  source  for  a 
pure  water  supply."    (Clark.) 


PUERTO   PRINCIPE. 


"A  small  river  runs  through  the  town."     (Military  Notes.) 

The  following  table  shows  by  provinces  the  per  cent  of  all  dwellings 

in  the  districts  outside  the  fourteen  cities  supplied  with  water  in  the 

manner  specified: 


Provliice. 

Per  cent  of  dwellings  in  rural  districts  obtaining 
water  from  sources  specified. 

Total. 

Cistern. 

Stream. 

Well. 

Aque- 
duct 

Not 
specified. 

Habana 

80 
88 
81 
66 
66 
20 

10 
6 
61 
29 
25 
72 

I 
I 
2 
12 
7 
4 

6 
8 

1 
0 
1 
8 

3 
2 
2 
8 
2 
1 

100 
100 

M  Mi^nm^ 

Pinar  del  Rio 

100 
100 

Puerto  Principe , 

Santa  Clara 

100 

SMitiago 

100 

Rural  Cuba 

64 

88 

4 

2 

2 

100 

A  small  number  of  dwellings  in  rural  Cuba  are  reported  to  derive 
water  from  an  aqueduct.     The  municipal  districts  containing  as  many 


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WATEB  SUPPLT  AND  OABBAOE   DISPOSAL. 


175 


as  100  such  dwellings  are  as  follows:  In  Habana  province,  Marianao 
(196),  San  Antonio  de  los  BaSos  (369),  Batabano  (505),  Guines  (500); 
in  Matanzas  province,  Jovellanos  (408)  and  Bolondron  (188);  in  Pinar 
del  Rio  province,  Mariel  (192);  in  Santa  Clara,  Abreus  (139),  Rodas 
(188),  and  Sagua  la  Grande  outside  the  urban  part  (127);  in  ^ntiago, 
El  Caney  (427)  and  Baracoa  (687). 

The  general  reliance  upon  water  from  streams  in  the  two  provinces 
at  the  ends  of  Cuba — ^Pinar  del  Rio  and  Santiago — and  upon  cisterns  in 
the  four  central  provinces  is  clearly  shown  in  the  preceding  tables. 
There  seems  some  reason  for  doubt  whether  the  line  of  division 
between  cisterns  for  rain  water  {aljibe)  and  well  or  spring  for  ground 
water  {pozo)  was  clearly  understood  by  the  enumerators  and  those 
who  answered  their  questions. 

DISPOSmON  OF   QARBAOE. 

The  enumerators  were  instructed  to  write  in  the  column  for  answers 
to  this  question  ^^Municipal^^  (municipal),  ^^ Particular'^'*  (private),  or 
"  Se  quenwP'*  (by  burning),  according  to  the  method  of  disposition  used 
at  the  dwelling  where  the  question  was  put.  In  addition  to  these  three 
classes  it  was  necessary  to  introduce  a  fourth  for  unspecified  or  insuffi- 
ciently specified,  but  only  2  per  cent  of  the  houses  fell  into  this  last 
class.     The  facts  for  Cuba  as  a  whole  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Method  of  dlspoBlng  of  garbage. 


Municipal . . . 

Burning 

Private 

Not  specified 

Total .. 


Namberof 
dwellingB 
sore- 
porting. 


84,855 
88,287 
6,868 


262,724 


Per  cent 
of  all 

dwell- 
ings. 


34 
32 
32 
2 


100 


In  this  respect,  as  in  that  of  water  supply,  the  main  difference  is 
between  the  city  and  the  country  districts.  In  the  following  table, 
therefore,  the  methods  of  disposing  of  garbage  in  the  several  cities  are 
given: 

Fer  cent  of  urban  dwellings  tuing  specified  method  of  garbage  disposal. 


City. 

Munici- 
pal. 

Burning. 

Private. 

Not 
specified. 

Toto). 

Cardenas 

79 
92 
81 
91 
95 
90 
98 
98 
92 
74 
81 
83 
91 
67 

9 
2 
7 

1 
2 
3 
0 
1 
1 
9 
9 

13 
5 

26 

9 
5 
5 
2 
2 
4 
4 
2 
0 
16 
8 
3 
2 
6 

3 

1 
7 
6 
1 
3 
3 
4 
7 
1 
2 
1 
2 
1 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

Cienf  uegos 

Qoanabacoa 

Habana  

ManzaniUo 

MatanffM 

Pinar  del  Rio 

Puerto  Principe 

Regla !7. 

Bagna  la  Grande 

SancU^iritus 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Trinidad 

Urban  Cuba 

88 

4 

4 

4 

100 

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170 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OP   CUBA,   1899. 


From  this  table  it  is  dear  that,  taking  the  dwellings  as  a  whole,  in 
the  14  cities,  7  in  every  8  of  them  had  some  municipal  system  of  dis- 
posing of  garbage.  The  cities  of  Santa  Clara,  except  Cienfuegos,  were 
apparently  least  well  provided  in  this  respect.  In  the  cities  of  that 
province,  more  commonly  than  elsewhere  in  Cuba,  garbage  was  dis- 
posed of  by  burning. 

In  the  following  table  the  same  facts  are  given  by  pi*ovinces  for  the 
rural  districts  of  Cuba: 


JW  rent  of  ninU  dfOfUingH  %mng  sjiecified  method  of  gnrinige  dixpoHal. 


I 


I*rovIneo. 


Habana  

MatauzaK 

Finardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Rural  Cuba 


Munici- 
pal. 

Burning. 

Private 

Not 
specified. 

Total. 

20 
20 
10 
5 
12 
11 

22 
28 
2 
64 
43 
79 

54 
50 

m 

28 
43 
9 

4 
2 
2 
3 
2 
1 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

14 

42 

42    1              2    1           100 

Outside  of  the  lA  cities  al)out  1  dwelling  in  7  enjoyed  some  public 
means  of  gaibage  disposal,  and  the  prevalence  of  this  varies  in  rough 
agreement  with  the  density  of  rural  population  as  given  on  page  74. 
The  only  priv^ate  means  specified  is  that  of  burning,  and  this  is  increas- 
ingly prevalent  from  west  to  east.  To  show  this,  the  provinces  have 
been  arranged  in  the  following  list  in  their  order  from  west  to  east 
and  the  per  cent  of  rural  dwellings  burning  their  garbage  indicated. 


Pinar  del  Rio, 

Habana  

Matanzafl 


Per  cent 
of  rural 
dwell- 
ings 
burning 
garbage. 


Province. 


Santa  Clara 

Puerto  Principe 
Santiago 


Percent 
of  niral 
dwell- 
ings 
baminf^  ' 
garbacre. 


43 
64 
79 


The  houses  having  other  means  of  garbage  disposal  obviously  vary 
in  the  reverse  way;  that  is,  when  burning  is  common,  other  priv^ate 
means  are  uncommon,  and  vice  versa. 

DISPOSITION   OF  EXCRETA. 

The  entries  which  the  enumerators  were  allowed  to  make  in  the 
column  containing  the  answers  to  this  question  were  pozo^  inodoro^ 
or  niiiguna  (none).  In  addition  to  the  three  thus  allowed  there  will 
be  found  in  the  tables  a  fourth  class  of  "not  specified"  to  cover  cases 
where  the  question  was  not  answered.  The  only  recognized  methods 
of  disposal,  therefore,  were  pozo  and  ivodoro.    As  it  is  difficult  to  find 


Digitized  by  VjOOSIC 


LATRINE    SYSTEM. 


177 


any  exact  English  equivalent  for  these  words,  they  will  be  retained  in 
the  following  discussion  of  the  tables/ 

The  following  table  shows  the  frequency  of  these  various  modes  of 
dispoi^l: 


Mode  of  disposing  of  excreta. 

Number  of 
dwellings 
uringltin 

Per  cent 
of  total 
dwell- 
ings. 

No  form 

129, 245                <1Q    i 

Pow> 

110,695 
13,&I4 
9,140 

42    1 

Inodoro 

5  1 

Not  specified 

Total 

262,724             i«n 

About  half  the  dwellings  in  Cuba  had  no  provision  of  any  kind  for 
this  purpose.  It  is  said  that  in  rural  Spain  the  inhabitants  commonly 
have  no  closets  or  outhouses,  but  resort  to  the  fields,  and  the  same  is 
apparently  true  of  Cuba.  Of  the  houses  having  conveniences  of  this 
sort  nine-tenths  (8.9  per  cent)  reported  B,pozdSLnd  one-tenth  an  inoduro. 
In  this  respect  the  provinces  stand  as  follows: 

Per  cent  of  total  dwellings  supplied  with  specified  mode  of  disposal  of  excreta. 


Province. 

Pozo. 

Inodoro.   No  form. 

Not 
Hpecifled. 

Habana  (city) 

43 
57 
48 
20 
40 
47 
36 

i» 

3 
85 
47 
77 
57 
50 
63 

6 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

8 

Matanzas 

2 

3 

Pinar  del  Rio 

3 

Puerto  Principe 

8 

Santa  Clara 

3 

Bantlaffo  ....     .              .... 

1 

** 

Total 

42 

5 

49 

4 

It  is  clear  that  outside  of  Habana  City  and  Matanzas  province  the 
iTwdoro  is  hardly  known.  In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given 
for  the  thirteen  other  cities  separately  reported: 

Per  cent  of  urban  dwellings  using  specified  method  of  disposing  of  excretd. 


city. 

Pozo. 

Inodoro. 

None. 

Not 
HpeclHed. 

Total. 

Cardenas 

87 
93 
83 
94 
78 
94 
69 
91 
89 
82 
76 
93 
96 

3 
4 

7 
2 

10 
5 
8 
2 

26 
1 
5 

16 

22 
4 
2 

3 
,     1 
7 
1 
3 
4 
5 
7 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

100 

Cienfuegos 

100 

Guanabacoa 

100 

MRTiKiinillo 

100 

MA^nxfUf .  .    ,      . 

11 

100 

PinardelRio 

100 

I*uerto  Principe 

100 

Regla !7. 

1 
4 

100 

Sagua  la  Grande 

100 

Sancti  Sniritus 

100 

Santa  CTara 

1 

1 

100 

Santiago 

100 

Trinidad 

100 

Urban  Cuba  (excluding  Habana) 

85 

3 

9 

3 

100 

*  Note  OD  meaning  of  pozo  and  inodoro.    The  ^^ inodoro^*  includes  every  receptacle 
for  excreta  in  which  an  effort  is  made  to  destroy  or  decrease  the  foul  odors  arising 
24662 12 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


178 


BEFOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  18d9. 


This  table  shown  that  Matanzas  is  the  only  city  besides  Haba,na  in 
which  an  inodoro  was  found  in  one-tenth  of  the  dwellings  and  that  in 
half  the  other  12  cities  it  did  not  occur  in  an  appreciable  number  of 
cases.  In  4  of  these  13  cities  at  least  10  per  cent  of  the  houses  Vere  * 
without  closet  conveniences  and  in  2  more  than  1  dwelling  in  6  was 
thus  unprovided. 

•     In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  for  the  rural  districts  of 
Cuba: 

Per  cent  of  rural  dtDeUvngs  using  aqpedfied  method  of  disposing  of  excreta. 


Province. 


Hab«na 

Matanzas 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe  . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Rural  Cuba 


Poxo. 


32 


Inodoru. 


None. 


65 


Not 
specified. 


ToUI. 


100 
100 

too 

100 
100 
100 


100 


In  rural  Cuba  thei*e  was.  a  ^20  in  connection  with  about  one-third 
of  the  dwellings,  while  two-thirds  were  without  this  or  any  other  form 
of  receiving  excreta. 

therefrom,  usually  by  the  addition  of  such  substances  as  lime,  dry  clay,  or  ashes. 
The  po2o  includes  all  other  forms  of  closet.  The  modem  form  of  closet  flushed  by 
water  from  a  system  of  pipes,  called  escusctdo  ingUsy  is  very  unusual  in  Habana,  and 
unknown  elsewhere  in  Cuba.  Either  the  inodoro  or  the  pozo  is  cleaned,  when  it 
is  cleaned  at  all,  by  scavengers  hired  by  the  property  owner. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


POPULATION  TABLES. 
Table  I. — Total  populaiion  at  different  cenjiuses. 


Year. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Year. 

Popula- 
tion. 

1774 

172,620 
272,301 
563,028 
704,487 

1841 

1,007,624 

1792                    

1861 

1,396,530 

1817 

1887 

1,631,687 

1827 .' 

1899 

1,572,797 

Tablk  II. — Popvdaiion  of  Vtiba  and  iU  provinces  at  various  censuses. 


Province. 

1861.1 

1887. 

451,928 
259,578 
225,891 
67,789 
354,122 
272,879 

1899. 

Habana  

393,789 
234,524 
146,685 
85,702 
271,310 
264,520 

424,811 

Matanzas 

202,462 

Pinar  del  Rio 

173,082 

Puerto  Principe 

88,237 

Santa  Clara 

a%,537 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

327,716 

1        Cuba  

1.396,530 

1,631,687 

1,572,846 

• 

>  Population  of  provinces  estimated.    See  Appendix  XVI. 

Tablk  III. — Population  of  municipal  districts  in  1887  and  1899,  as  constituted  at  the 
latter  date,'  with  gain  or  loss  of  population. 

habana  province. 


Municipal  districts. 


1887. 


Gain. 


Loss. 


Affuacate 

AlQuizar 

Bauioa 

Batabano 

Bauta „ 

Bejucal 

Cano , 

CeibadelAgual!.  !!..]..*!...' !.'!." .'..'.!... *."..'...'..! 

Guanabacoa 

Guara 

Guinea 

Guira  de  Melena 

Habana 

IsladePinos 

Jamco 

Madruga 

Managua 

Marittoao * 

Melena  del  Sur 

Nueva  Pax 

Pipian 

Quivican 

Regla 

Salud 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas 

San  Antonio  de  loe  Banos 

San  Felipe 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

San  Nicolas 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  (formerly  San  Antonio  de  Rio  Blanco 

and  Jibacoa) 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario 

Santiago  de  14b  Vegas 

Tapaste 

VeredaNneva 


3,346 
8,814 
4,188 
8,016 
8,070 
7,902 
3,745 
8,886 
6,112 
3,232 

28,043 
4,M9 

12,618 

8,721 

200,448 

2,  (MO 

12,182 
7,514 
5,850 
7,352 
6,275 
9,571 
3,414 
4,585 

10,316 
4,896 
4,469 

12,423 
2,313 
6,218 
6,724 

9,210 
4,885 
12,081 
6,143 
3,277 


3,163 
8,746 
1,726 
6,523 
6,142 
6,756 
4,210 
1,004 
2,718 
2,197 

20,080 
1,885 

11, 3M 

11,548 
242,065 
3,199 
4,076 
3,744 
2,887 
8,593 
3,207 
7,761 
1,101 
2,423 

11,363 
8,293 
1,855 

12,631 
1,915 
4,154 
4,568 

2,965 
2,730 
10,276 
1,561 
2,416 


432 


183 


466 


2,463 
1,493 
2,928 
2,146 


2,827 
41,607 
1,159 


2,882 
8,394 
1.035 
7,963 
2,714 
l,-224 


1,241 


8,106 
8,770 
2,963 


1,047 
"'208' 


2,068 
1,810 
2,313 
2,162 


1,608 
2,614 


2«064 
2,156 

6,245 
2,155 
1,805 
4,592 
861 


179 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


180 


REPORT   ON    THE   CENSUS    OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  111. — J'ojmUUion  of  municijHil  district  in  1887  ami  1899,  etc. — Continued. 
MATANZAS  PROVINCE. 


Hanicipal  districts. 


Alacrancfl  (tormerly  Alfonso  XII) 

Bolondron 

Cabczas 

Canasl .'. 

Cardenas 

Carlos  Rojas  (formerly  CimarroneK) . . 

Colon 

^Cuevitas 

Ouamacaro 

Jaguey  Grande  (formed  from  Colon). 

Jovcllanos 

Macamia 

MacuriKCs 

Marti  (Tormerly  Guamutas) 

Matanzas 

Maximo  Gomez 

Mendez  Capote 

Palmillfts 

Perico  ( formerly  Cervantes) 

Roque 

Biibanilla 

Ban  Jose  de  los  Kamos 

Santa  Ana  ( formerly  Cidra) 

Union  de  Reyes 


1«87. 


9,711 
11,816 

8.802 

4,524 
23,354 

6,879 
16,679 

6,323 
10,245 


8,518 
5,410 
13,374 
U.589 
66,379 
8,132 
5,349 
8,818 
3,204 
8,216 
8,871 
9,031 
6,219 
8,135 


8.110 
9,179 
5,184 
1,993 

24,861 
8,174 

12,195 
5,807 
6,000 
5.853 
7.529 
5,042 

10,405 
8,905 

45,282 
4,046 
2,158 
7,647 
4.449 
4.464 
6,205 
6,765 
2,966 
5,226 


oain. 


1,507 
'i,'869" 


1,245 


Loss. 


1,601 
2,637 
8,618 
2,531 


3,705 


516 
4,245 


2,969 
2,684 
11,097 
4,086 
3,191 
1,171 


8,752 
8.666 
2.286 
8,254 
2,909 


PINAR  DEL  RIO  PROVINCE. 


Artemisa  (including  Cayajabos) 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabanas 

Candelaria  (including  Mangas) 

Consolacion  del  Norte 

Consolacion  del  Sur  (including  Alonso  RoJas)  — 

Guanajay 

Guane -'. 

Guayabal 

Mantua  (including  Baja) 

Mariel 

Palacios 

Julian  Diaz  (formerly  Paso  Real  de  Ban  Diego)  . . 

PinardelRio 

San  Cristobal  (including  Santa  Cruz  de  los  Pinos) 

San  Diego  de  los  BanoB 

San  Diego  de  Nunez 

San  J  uan  y  Martinez 

San  Luis 

Vinales 


16,776 
8,506 
8.560 
9,875 
7,934 

20.328 
9,512 

22,708 
6.337 

11,122 
7,902 
6,601 
4,920 

29,497 
9,066 
6,317 
4,180 

17,974 
7,327 

11,560 

9,817 
2,117 
3,853 
4,866 
7,399 

16,665 
8,796 

14,760 
2,710 
8,366 
3,631 
2,456 
1,871 

38,343 
4.263 
2,419 
1,137 

14.787 
7,608 

17,700 

8,846 

281 
6,150 

6,468 
6,389 
4,707 
6,009 

535 
8,663 

716 
7,948 
3,627 
2,756 
4,2n 
4.045 
3.049 


4.803 
3,898 
8.043 
3,187 


PUERTO  PRINCIPE  PROVINCE. 


Ciego  de  Avila  — 

Moron 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur, 


7,929 

9,801 

1,872 

8,919 

9,630 

711 

6.618 

10.355 

8,737 

40,958 

53,140 

12,182 

3,365 

5,308 

1,943 

SANTA  CLARA  PROVINCE. 


y  Amaro) . 


3,819 
5,106 

12,957 

10.537 
7,029 
9,723 

40,961 
7,251 
6,490 

12,769 
8,014 
4,709 
9,337 


3,995 
8,660 

13,419 

14,495 
6,244 
6,954 

59,128 
3,825 
7,953 
7.811 
9,603 
6,527 

11,961 


176 

3,544 

462 

8,958 

785 

'  *i8,*i64" 

2.7e9 

8,426 

1,463 

4,948 

1.689 

1,818 

2,524 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


POPULATION   BY   WABD8   AND   CITIES. 


181 


Table  III. — PbpuUUum  of  municipal  districts  in  1887  and  1899,  eU: — Continued. 
SANTA  CLARA  PROVINCB-Continued. 


Municipal  districts. 


1887. 

1899. 

Gain. 

U,467 

6,391 

4,571 

15,474 

8,153 

18,330 

15,656 

29,278 

9,831 

6.688 

7,702 

82,491 

13,667 

29.448 

6,280 

90 
82 
id 
33 
52 
i2 
32 
99 
59 
15 
90 
87 

rz 

71 
18 

1,141 
488 

1,409 
3,012 

3,438 

Loss. 


Qnemado  de  Ouines 

Bancho  Veloz 

Ranchnelo 

Remedies 

Rodas 

8agua  la  Grande 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 

Sanctl  Spiritns 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando  (formerly  Camarones) 

San  Jnan  de  Iab  Veres 

Santa  Clara 

Santo  Dominiro 

Trinidad 

Ya^uajay 


2,577 


2,824 
8.569 
4,462 
243 
2,102 
4,054 
3,295 
5,177 


SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA  PROVINCE. 


Al  to  Songo 

Baraooa 

Bayamo  

Campechuela  ( formed  from  Manzanillo) 

Caney  

Cobre 

Cristo  (formed  from  Manzanillo) 

Gibara 

Ooantanamo 

Holfuln 

Jigxiani 

Manzanillo 

Mayari  

Niaoero  ( formed  from  Manzanillo) 

Puma  Soriano  ( formed  from  Santiago) 

Puerto  Padre  (formerly  Victoria  de  las  Tunas). 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

San  Lais  (formed  from  Santiago) 

Santiago  de  Cuba 


10,221 
18,057 
17,676 


8,686 
8,261 


26,342 
23,741 
82,238 

7,808 
34,220 

7,990 


12,049 
6,476 


59,614 


12,770 
21,944 
21,198 
7,369 
9,126 
10,707 
1,194 
81,594 
28,063 
84,506 
10,495 
32,288 
8,504 
2,718 
12,806 
19.9»l 
6,796 
11,681 
45,478 


2,549 
8,887 
3,517 


440 
2.446 


5,252 
4,322 
2,268 
2.687 
9,349 
514 


7,935 
320 


9,850 


Table  IV. — Population  by  nxirds  and  by  cities. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Total  POPULATION 424,804 

Aguacate  District 8. 163 

Aguacatc  and  Zabaleta 2,196 

ReloJ  and  Compostizo 967 

Alqolaar  District 8,746 

Alquizar,  Primero 1,837 

Alquizar.  Segundo 1, 877 

Guanimar 485 

UPaz 1,011 

Palenque 1,933 

San  Andres 293 

Tumbadero •. 1, 310 

Bainoa  District 1,725 

BalBoa  and  Santa  Cruz 482 

Camballo 496 

Hamcy  Duro  and  Reloj 748 

Batabano  District 6,623 

Batabano 1,025 

Onanabo 436 

Mavagnano 352 

Qnlntlnal  and  San  Au^istiu 976 

Surgldero 3,G83 

iNliuids 61 


Bauta  District 5,142 

HoyoColorado 1,016 

Baracoa,  Anafe,  and  Corralillo 1 ,  025 

Punta  Brava  and  Cangrejeras 2, 205 

San  Pedro  and  Guatao «66 

Bejucal  District 5,756 

Primero 997 

Segundo 1,068 

Tercero 1,093 

Piedras 1,670 

Remainder  of  district 928 

Cano  District 4,210 

Arroyo  Arenas 1,003 

Cano  and  Jaimanitas 1, 320 

Wajay 1,H87 


Casiffuas  District  (not  given  by  wardH). 
Catalina  District  (not  given  by  wards) . 


l.OOt 
2.718 


Ceibft  del  Agua  District 2,197 

a>ibftdclAinm 909 

Virtudes  and  Chicharron 621 

Remainder  of  district 667 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


182  REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  IV. — Population  by  nxirds  and  by  cities — Ck)ntmued. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— ConUnued. 


Quanabaooa  District 20,080 

Afloncion,  Este 1,506 

Asuncion,  Oeste 2,796 

BacuranAo •.  1,467 

CampoFlorido 601 

Cojimar 1,686 

Corral  FalBO,  Este 1,888 

Corral  Falao,  Oeate 1,991 

Cm*  Verde 2,485 

San  Francisco,  Este 2,043 

San  Francisco,  Oeste 1,807 

San  Hlfuel  del  Padron  and  Pepe  An- 
tonio    2,482 

Quara  District  (not  giyen  by  wards) 1, 836 

Qui  nes  District 11,394 

Firstand  Crux 1,848 

Second  and  Rubio 3,367 

Third  and  Yamaraguas 2,350 

Fourth  1,094 

Candela  North  and  South  and  Gua- 

nalo 609 

Candela  Baja,  San  Pedro,  and  San 

Julian :  966 

Nombre  de  Dios 1,681 

Guirade  Melena 11,648 

Calio 9^ 

Gabriel 764 

Jerez 1,274 

JuribcuKw 811 

Melena 1, 462 

Norte 2,620 

Sur 2,396 

Sibanacan 1, 136 

Tumbadero 632 

Habana  District 242,066 

Habana  City- 
Arroyo  Apolo 2,166 

Arsenal 6,131 

Atares 7,674 

CasaBlanca 2,440 

Ceiba 6,783 

Cerro 10,741 

Chavez 7, 698 

Colon 7,371 

Dragones 6,604 

Guadalupe 7  617 

Jesus  del  Monte .....'  9,d6i9 

Je«us  Maria 8, 916 

ii^yano 1,264 

JJarte 6,002 

Monserrate 7  829 

Paula 3'  791 

Penalver :.:;;:  8;567 

Pilar e'lll 

Pueblo  Nuevo * '  g*  376 

Sl?^,- :  10;637 

^£elipe 3,660 

San  Francisco 4  216 

San  Juan  de  Dios *  * "  4'  420 

.   San  Lazaro "  20*616 

San  Leopoldo 7' 401 

SanNicolas A'tol 

SantaClara rSfi? 

Santa  Teresa '.:: J'tSb 

Santo  Angel riS 

SantoCristo J'AS 

Sanlsidro J'S2 

Tacon g'S^ 

Template .[', S'J^ 

vedado  yprincipe. ::::::::::::::  tm 

Villanufcva W(^ 

vives :     : l'^ 

instituaons \\\\[y.][:::::  lim 


Habana  District— Continued. 
Remainder  of  district— 

Arroyo  Naranjo 1,771 

Calvario l.CMl 

Puentee  Gmndes 8.262 

Isla  de  Pinos  District 8,199 

Caleta  Grande 315 

Santa  Fe 1.050 

Remainder  of  district 1.834 

Jaruco  District 4,076 

Guanabo 908 

Maceo,    Garzo,    Guaicanamar,    and 

Tablas 766 

Plaza,  Jaruoo.  Cuartel,  and  Comerdo.  1, 139 

Remainder  of  district 1,263 

Madruga  district 3.744 

Concordia,  Majagua,  and  San  Bias. . .  9I» 

Madruga,  Este..... 676 

Madruga.  Oeste 1,328 

Remainder  of  district 812 

Managua  District 2,887 

Managua 1,063 

Remainder  of  district 1,824 

Marianao  District 8,593 

Cooosoto 2,602 

Lisa 680 

Playa  674 

Pocito 1.560 

QuemadoB.... 3.177 

Melena  del  Sur  District  (not  given  by 

wards) 8.207 

Nueva  Paz  District 7,761 

Bagaez 1,229 

Nueva  Paz 2,294 

Palos 2,630 

Vegas 1,608 

Pipian  District  (not  given  by  wards) 1, 101 

Quivican  District  (not  given  by  wards) . .  2, 423 

ReglaDistrict 11,868 

First  : 2,818 

Second 3.084 

Third 3,001 

Fourth ^.  2,610 

Salud  District  (not  given  by  wards) 3, 298 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas  District  (not 

given  by  wards) 1,856 

San  Antonio  de  I08  Banos  District 12,631 

Armonia 672 

Chicharo 404 

Este 2,066 

Govea 671 

Monjaa 9^ 

Norte 2,966 

Quintana 705 

Santa  Rosa 457 

Seborucal 452 

Sur ;;;;;  3 147 

vaiie ;...;::  '''{^ 

San  Felipe  District  (not  given  by  wards).  1,916 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


POPULATION    BY   WARDS   AND   CITIES. 


183 


Tablk  IV. — Population  by  iDards  and  by  cUieg — Continue<l. 
PROVINCE  OP  HABANA— Continued. 


8ui  JoeedeUs  Lajas 4,161 

Primero »28 

Segnndo  2,096 

Remainder  of  district 1,190 


Sftn  Nicolas  Difltrict 4,568 


Babiney  Prieto  and  Caimito. . 
Barbndo 


577 

do  736 

Paradero  and  Gabriel 1,923 

SanNioolaaandJobo 1,332 

Santa  Cnii  del  Norte  Ustrlct 2,965 

San  Antonio  de  Rio  Blanco  del  Norte.  965 

Santa  Cms  del  Norte 9»4 

Remainder  of  district 1,066 


Santa  Maria  del  Rosario  District. 


San  Pedro , 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario. 
Remainder  of  district . . . . 


2,TJ0 


544 
901 


Santiago  de  las  Vegas  District 10,276 


1,553 
1,152 

531 
3,062 

920 
3,058 


Tapaste  District 1,561 


Boveroe 

Calabazar  ... 
Dona  Maria  . 

Norte 

Rincon 

Sur 


Santa  Barbara  and  Jaula. , 
Tapaste  and  San  Andres. . 


Vereda  Nueva  District . 


Norte. 
Sur... 


272 
1,279 


1,125 
1,291 


PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAS. 


Total  population 202,214 

Alacianes  District 8,110 


Estante 

Este 

Galeoncito. 

Norte 

Oeste 

Sur 


2,823 
716 
474 
1,267 
1,777 
1,063 


Bolondron  District 9,179 


Bolondron  1 

Bolondron  2 

Bolondron  3 

Ouira 

Lucia  and  Oonzalo. . . 
Piedras  and  Cienega  . 
Panta  and  Alveres. . . 
Zapata  and  Oaleon. . . 


983 

824 

847 

1,676 

2,326 

577 

1,363 

633 


Cabexas  District 6,184 


1,871 
761 

1,721 
612 
229 


Bermeja., 

Blla 

Oabesas.. 


Magdalena. 
Canasi  District . 


Norte. 
Sur... 


1,^ 
1,624 


Cardenas  District 24,861 


Cardenas  City- 
District  1,  Barrio  1 1,659 

District  1,  Barrio  2 8,664 

District  2,  Barrio  1 1,874 

District  2,  Barrio  2 8,720 

District  8,  Barrio  1 8,987 

District  S,  Barrio  2 2,305 

District  4,  Barrio  1 3,146 

District  4,  Barrio  2 2,186 

Cantel  and  Quasimas 1,581 

Pueblo  Nuevo,  Pnndicion,  and  Ver- 

salles 311 

Varadezo 1,029 


Carlos  Rojas  District  (not  given  by  bar- 
rios)   


3,174 


ColonDistrict 12,195 


Amarillas 

Calimete 

Colon,  Barrio  1 . 
Colon,  Barrio  2 . 
Colon,  Barrio  3  . 
Colon,  Barrio  4  . 
Colon,  Barrio  5  . 
Colon,  Barrio  6 . 


1,746 
3,274 
1,412 
1,653 
919 
787 
1,299 
1,105 


Cuevitas  District 5,807 


Aslento 

Cuevitas 

Jabaco  

Venturilla 

Quamacaro  District . 


Canlmar 

Caobas  

Coliseo 

Guamacaro 

Limonar,  Este . . 
Limonar,  Oestc . 

San  Miguel 

Sumideio 


609 
2,631 

997 
1,667 
6,000 

161 

1,197 

620 

552 

1,393 

1,483 

374 

220 


Jaguey  Grande  District 5,853 


Clenaga  de  Zapata  . 

Gallardo 

Jaguey  Grande 

Lopez  

Ruvira 

Sinu..... 


Jovellanos  District 7,629 


Asuncion 

Jovellanos,  Barrio  1  . 
Jovellanos,  Barrio  2  . 
Jovellanos,  Barrio  3 . 

Realengo 

San  Jose 


427 
1,M2 
1,617 
1.162 

863 
2.018 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


184 


BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  IV. — PfppukUion  by  ward*  and  by  cUiea — Continned. 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Ifflcagna  Diitrict 5,042 

Arabo§ .* 2,241 

Mayabon 1,092 

Monte  Alto 680 

Oeste 1,029 

Macurigea  Dtelrlct 10,406 

Batalla 796 

Ciego 696 

Claudlo 1,890 

Macuriges,  EBte 965 

Macuriges,  Oe«te 1,071 

Macurigee,8ur 1,066 

Navajaa 781 

Platanal  and  Unch 313 

PunUBrava 1,508 

Rio  Blanco 1,577 

Tramojos 404 

Marti  Dintrlct 8,906 

Quamutas 2,606 

Itabo 252 

LaTeJa 695 

Lofl  Cayo8 374 

Marti,  Norte 2,495 

Marti,Sur 896 

Motembo 2,188 

Matanww  DiJrtrict 45,282 

Matanzas  City— 

DIatrict  1,  Barrio  1 1,600 

District  1,  Barrio  2 2,570 

District  2,  Barrio  1 4,147 

District  2,  Barrio  2 8,696 

District  3,  Barrio  1 6,050 

District  3,  Barrio  2 , 2,305 

District  4,  Barrio  1 8,270 

Pueblo  Nuevo 8,420 

Verealles 4,812 

Asylums,  convent*,  and  hospitals.  704 

Arroyo  and  Cam  pana 1,148 

Canarioca 814 

Can  i  mar  and  Paso  Seco 597 

Celba  Mocha 1,828 

Chlrino 702 

Corral  Nuevo 754 

Cumbre  and  Bacunayagua 1,831 

Guanabana 1,005 

San  Francisco 234 

Maximo  Gomez  District 4,046 

Altamiml 776 

MaximoGomez 2,292 

Rancho  del  Medio 701 

Sabanilla 277 


Mendez  Capote  District ^ 2,158 

Contreras 921 

Mendez  Capote,  1 812 

Mendez  Capote,  2 425 

Palmillas  District 7,647 

Ctunanayagua 909 

Guareiias ! 798 

Jacan 1,642 

Manguito 3,289 

Palmillas 964 

PeriooDistrict 4,449 

Altamisal 1,689 

Perico,  Norte 2,436 

Perico,  Sur 324 

Roque  District 4,464 

Caobillas 1,4»4 

Guamalales 499 

MoetacilU 688 

Quintana  and  Tomeguin 861 

Roque 1,482 

Sabanilla  District 5,205 

Mondejar  and  Auras 401 

Palma  and  Canimar 1,023 

Sabanilla 3.781 

San  Jos^delos  Ramos  District 6,765 

Banagniaes,  Pueblo 931 

Banaguises,  Rural 2.046 

Pueblo  Nuevo 1,487 

San  Joe6  de  los  Ramos 2,301 

Santa  Ana  District 2,965 

Barriol 1.421 

Barrio  2 285 

Barrio  3 722 

Barrio4 453 

Barrio  5 84 

Union  de  Reyes  District 6,2i6 

Pueblo  Nuevo 645 

Iglesial 1.969 

Igl€«ia2 1.707 

IglesIaS 1,005 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total  POPULATION 173,064 

Artemisa  District 9,317 

Artemisa 4,179 

Canas 984 

Capellanias 228 

Cayajabos 1,022 

Dolores 1,692 

Puerta  de  la  Gulra 498 

Virtudes 719 

Bahia  Honda  District 2,117 

Bahia  Honda  and  Aguacate 1,278 

Corralillo  and  Mulata 214 

San  Miguel  and  Manimani 625 


Cabanas  District 3,853 

Cabanas  and  San  Miguel 1,917 

Ceiba 1.366 

Conchitaand  Delicias 228 

Vigia  and  San  Ramon 342 

Candelaria  District 4,866 

Bayate,  Puerto  Rico,  and  San  Juan 

del  Norte 630 

Candelaria 1,697 

Carambola,  Lomas,  and  Rio  Hondo . .  808 

Las  Mangas 1, 280 

San  Juan  de  Barracones,  Mira  Ciclos, 

andFrias 466 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


POPULATION  BY   WAED8   AND   CITIES. 


185 


Table  IV. — Population  by  wards  and  by  eitien — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


Consolaclon  del  Norte  District 7,899 

Berracos 1,066 

Caiguanabo 439 

La  Ja^ua 1,567 

La  Paima  and  Rio  de  Puercofl 1,240 

LosPuentes 694 

Rio  Blanco  and  Arroyo  Naranjo 888 

San  Andres 671 

VegasNuevas M4 

Consolacion  del  Sur  District 16,666 

AlonsoRoJas ' 2,182 

Cohnenar  and  Hato  Quemado 676 

Consolacion  del  Snr  City,  not  given  by 

wards 3,062 

Horcones 1,608 

Lajas  and  Capemza 702 

Lena 914 

Naranjo  and  Caimitos 1,073 

Pllotos 1,918 

Rio  Hondo  and  la  Jagua 2,846 

San  Pablo  and  Camarones 1,689 

Santa  Clara 645 

Qnanajay  District 8,796 

Cabriales 683 

Quanaiay,  Norte 2, 676 

Ouana3ay,8ur 8,808 

SanFrancisco 626 

San  Jose 889 

Santa  Ana 766 

Guane  District 14,760 

Cabo  de  San  Antonio 270 

Cortes  and  Serranos 1,856 

Guane 1,088 

Juan  Gomez 912 

LaGrifa 2,118 

MarUnas 1,746 

Paso  Real  and  Catalina 890 

Portales  and  Teneria 1,263 

Punta  de  la  Sierra  and  Loe  Acostas  ..  1,502 

Remates 8,014 

Sabalo,  Trinidad,  and  Santa  Teresa. . .  667 

Guayabal  District 2,710 

Caimlto 1,269 

Guayabal  and  Banes , 879 

Quintana ! 662 

Jtilian  Diaz  District 1,871 

■  Herradnra  and  Ceja  de  la  Herradura.  516 

Julian  Diaz  and  Palacioe 1,260 

Santa  Monica  and  Guajiro 96 

Lo«  Palacios  District 2,466 

Toro  and  Bacunagnas 196 

Los  Palacioe 1,549 

Macuriges 238 

Sierra,  Santo  Domingo,  and  Limones.  471 

Mantua  District 8,866 

Arroyos  and  Santa  Isabel 1,079 

BaJa 8,741 

Cabezas  and  La  Ceja 1,281 

Guayabo  and  Lazaro 288 

MantuaandMontezuelo 802 

Santa  Maria  and  San  Jose 428 

Sierra  Derrumbado 767 


Mariel  District 3,631 

Jobaco  and  Rayo 263 

Macagual  and  Qulebra  Uacha 1,058 

Mariel  and  Boca 2,085 

Molina,  Moequltos,  and  Guajaybon ...  161 

San  Juan  Bautista  and  Playa 74 

Pinar  del  Rio  District ^..  88,343 

Cabeias i,621 

Cangre 4,208 

Guayabo 1,894 

Isabel  Maria 1 ,  I86 

Marcos  Vazquez 974 

Ovas 2,883 

PasoVieio 2,351 

Pinardel  Rio,Norte 8,949 

Pinar  del  Rio,  Sur 4,931 

RIoFeo 1,034 

RioSequito 4,278 

San  Jose 2,612 

Sumidero 2,478 

Taironas 4,694 

San  Cristobal  District 4,263 

Mayari,land2 277 

Minas  and  Rio  Hondo 402 

San  Cristobal 1,996 

Santa  Cruz  de  los  Pinos 1,357 

SitioHerrero 231 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos  District  (not  given 

bywards) 2,419 

San  Diego  de  Nunez  District  (not  given 

bywards) 1,137 

San  Juan  y  Martinez  District 14,787 

Arroyo  Hondo 1,918 

Galaire  and  Guillen 668 

Laffunillas 1,288 

LuIsLazo 4,198 

Primero  de  Martinez 1,097 

RioSeco 1,920 

San  Juan  V  Martinez 2,970 

Segundo  de  Martinez 893 

San  Luis  District 7,608 

Barbacoa 1,085 

Barrigonas 544 

TIrado MH 

Uanada 415 

Palizadas 608 

RIoSeco 760 

San  Luis 8,663 

Vinales  District 17,700 

Albino 739 

Ancon 926 

Cayosde  San  Felipe 417 

Cuajani 2,021 

Laguna  de  Piedra 2,328 

Rosario 2,061 

SanCayetano 2,920 

San  Vicente 1,987 

Santa  Fe ,667 

San  Tomas 1 ,  670 

Vinales 1,600 

Yayal 624 


Digitized  by  V^OOQIC 


186  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Tablr  W.—pTfimlatitm  try  wardn  and  by  eUiefi — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PrERTO  PRINCIPE. 


T<*TAL  POPriJlTION 88.234 


Ciego  de  Avila  Dljilrict 9, 801 

Arroyo  Blanco 862 

Celba 203 

aegode  Avila 3,H92 

Guanales 50H 

Iguara 419 

JlcotA 414  , 

Jucaro 468 

Lazaro  Lopez 1,121 

Nuevaa 96" 

Nuevaa  de  J<)b«*i 464 

8anNlc«)lai4 493 


Muron  District. 


9,630 

Chambaa 92r» 

(^peyeH - 633 

Guadalupe 1,564 

MaiToquin 1 , 0?3 

Moron  Este 1.439 

Moron  Oeste 1 .  731 

Punta  Alegre 496 

Sandoval 1,028 

Santa  Gertrudis 752 


Nuevitaa  District 10,355 

Baga 277 

Lugareno 1, 610 

Nuevltaa  1 1, 098 

Nuevita«  2 1, 673 

Nuevltaa  3 1,462 

Redencion 830 

Sabinal 107 

San  Miguel 716 

Senado 2, 687 


Puerto  Principe  Dtetrict 53,140 

Altacracia l,3ia 

CaoMllas 1,7» 

Cascorro 1,9M 

Contnunaestre 2,J« 

Ecuador 2,215 

Guaimjuo 2,>« 

Guanaja M8 

Llmones 90 

Magarabomba l,3M 

Maragnan 1,110 

Minaa 2,S1» 

Pueblo  Noevo -l,® 

Puerto  Principe  1 2,836 

Puerto  Principe 2 2,474 

Puerto  Principe  3 6,115 

Puerto  Principe  4 6,1M 

Puerto  Principe  6 2,0* 

Puerto  Principe  6 l.M) 

Puerto  Principe  7 2,«7 

Puerto  Principe  8 1,667 

Puerto  Principe  9 1,3*0 

Quemado 805 

San  Geronimo 986 

SIbanicu 1,7SJ 

Vista  HermoM 981 

Yaba 2.2ft 

Yeguaa 748 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur  District 5,3» 

Buena  Ventura 352 

Calzada  and  Playa  Bonita 2,098 

Guaicanamar 5S8 

Guayabal 937 

Junco l.ftS 

San  Pedro 240 


PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


TOTA I.  POPULATION 366, 536 

AbreuH  District  (not  given  by  wards) 3, 996 


550 
782 

Calbarien  District 8,650      Ceja  de  Pablo  District 6.951 


Cartagena  District— Continued. 

Santiago 

Soledad 


Caibarien... 

Conuco 

Guajabana  . 
Taueo 


7,013 
496 

478 
663 


Calabazar  District 13,419 


Centro 3,756 

EiicruciJada 2,689 

Matay  Barro 1,267 

Paso  Real 433 

Santo 2,573 

Sitlo  Grande 690 

Viana 2,111 


Camajuani  District 14,496 

Camajuanl 5,082 

Egidos 700 

Guadalupe 2,669 

Sabana 1,621 

Salamanca 1,704 

Santa  Clarita 1,501 

Zulueta 1,318 


Cartagena  District 6, 244 

Arriete  and  Bancs 656 

Cartagena 1 ,  917 

Caacajal 2,017 

Ciego  Montero 433 


Cejade  Pablo  .. 

Corralillo 

Palma  Sola .  .c . . 
Sabana  Grande. 
Sierra  Morena . . 


Cienfuegos  District 69.128 


Aguada  de  Pasajeros 

Arimao 

Auras 

Caimanera 

Calicito 

CasUllo : 

Caunao 

Cayos 

Charcas 

Cienfuegoe  City  (not  given  by  wards) . 

Cumanayagua 

Gavilan  and  Gavilancito 

Jicotea 

Manacas 

Mandinga 

Ojode  Agua 

Ramirez 

Sierra 

Vaguaramas 


CifuentcH  District . 


Alacran  . 
Amaro. . . 


446 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


POPULATION    BY   WARDS   AND   CITIES. 


187 


Table  IV. — Population  l/y  wards  and  by  cUie* — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Cifuentes  District— Continued. 

Barro 279 

Cifuentes 2,172 

Sitio  Grande 680 

Cruces  District 7,968 

Cruces 4,173 

Maltlempo 2,284 

Monteflrme 678 

Pueblo  Nuevo 818 

Esperanza  District 7,8U 

AsientoVieio 676 

Esperanza  Norte 997 

EroeranzaSur 1,180 

Jabonillar 720 

Nuevas 1,309 

Purlal 915 

San  Jose 976 

San  Vicente 1,138 

Palmira  District 6,527 

Aiango 2,008 

Palmira 4,619 

Placetas  District 11,961 

Quaracabulla 1,194 

Hernando  and  Sitio  Potrero 1,215 

Nazareno 719 

Placetaaand  Tibisial 7,866 

San  Andres  and  Vista  Hermosa 1,467 

Quemado  deOulnes 8,890 

Caguagoas 640 

Carahatas 1,615 

Ouines 1,174 

PasoCabado 1,288 

Quemado  deGuines 8,082 

San  Valentin 843 

Zambumbia S48 

Rancho  Veloz  District 7.582 

Afuas  Claras 1,218 

Cfiavez 1,156 

Crimea 1,240 

Guanillas 936 

Santo  Fe 2,982 

Ranchuelo  District 6, 069 

Pozo  de  la  China 1,101 

Ranchuelo  1 2,170 

Ranchuelo  2 849 

SiUo  Viejo 989 

Rodas  District 9,562 

Congojas 2,171 

Jabacoa 139 

Limones 2,58*> 

Medidas 1.327 

Rodas 8,390 

Sagua  la  Grande  District 21, 842 

Chinchila 1,654 

Isabela  de  Sagua 2, 352 

Jumagua 2,473 

Sagua  la  Grande,  Norte 7,069 

Sagua  la  Grande,  Sur 6, 669 

San  Juan 769 

SiUecito 1,866 


Shh  Antonio  de  las  Vueltos  District 12, 832 

AguadadeMoya 1,065 

Bosque 2, 019 

Cejade  Pablo 1,546 

Chaico  Hondo 1, 01 3 

Egidofi 634 

Pfedras 1,204 

Quinto 1,422 

Sagua  la  Chica  and  Cayos 642 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 1,336 

Taguayabon 912 

Vega  Alto 1,140 

Sancti  Spiritus  District 25,709 

Banao 436 

Bellamoto 981 

Chorrera  Brava 83 

Cabaiguan 1,135 

Ouasimal 1,500 

Guayos l,  430 

Jibaro 433 

Manacas 475 

Paredes 678 

Paula 2,066 

San  Andres  and  Pueblo  Nuevo 1,085 

Santo  Lucia 654 

Taguasco  and  Pedro  Barba 1,298 

Tunas  deZaza 1,014 

Sancti  Spiritus  City,  not  given  by 

wards .-..  12,696 

San  Diego  del  Valle  District 5,  iie9 

Centro 1,298 

Hatillo 461 

Jicotea 665 

MaguarayaAbajoyMaguaraya  Arriba  1,154 

•  Mango ? 302 

Sitio  Nuevo 359 

Yabu 1,130 

San  Fernando  District 6, 445 

Ciego  Alonzo 1,238 

Escarza 1,770 

Lomas  Grandes 786 

Paradero 1,673 

SanFemando 1,078 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras  Distrita 5,600 

AguasBonitas 415 

Bemia 613 

Guayo 927 

Potrerillo 741 

Quemado  Hilario 608 

San  Juan 2,401 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  District 14, 833 

Bartolome 512 

Buenavisto 4, 071 

Cangrejoand  Remate 1,718 

Carolina 658 

Guaniiibes 1,047 

Remeaios 6, 633 

Tetuan 294 

Santo  Clara  District 28,437 

Baez 1,456 

Carmen 8,061 

Condado ; 1, 110 

Egidos 1,987 

La  Cruz 2,111 

Manicaragua 2, 916 

Parroquia 3,349 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


188 


BEPORT    ON   THE   CENSUft   OK   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  IV. — Population  Ity  ^rards  and  fry  cilir» — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Santa  Clara  District— Continued. 

P«i«tora 3,  in 

Provincial 1,195 

Puenle 2, 5M 

Han  Gil 3,411 

Keibabo 1,596 

InJrtituUons 488 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajw  District 9.603 

Centio 6,915 

Nuevas 265 

Salado  and  Sanu  Rosa 407 

Salto 1,199 

Terry 817 

Santo  Doming  District 10,372 

Alyarez  and  Mordazo 1,085 

Baracaldo,  Potrerillo,  and  Arenas —  1, 346 

Jicotea  and  San  Bartolomc 1,246 

Jiquiabo  and  Juqui 431 

Manac&s  and  San  Marcos 886 

Puerto  Escondido 741 

Rio  and  Cerrito 734 

Rodriffo 583 

Santo  Domingo,  Esto 1,184 

Santo  Domingo,  Oeste 896 


Santo  Domingo  District— Omtinued. 

San  Juan 5cn 

Yabucito TJB 

Trinidad  District 24, 2n 

Cabagan 7« 

Caracusey C7I 

CasUda 2,234 

Fomento 1,7^ 

Guaniqulcal 9e& 

Ouinia  de  Miranda l^ aj6 

Jiquimas SJTi 

Rio  de  Ay 2, 417 

San  Francisco 5tf 

San  Pedro W2 

Tavaba 909 

Trinidad  City,  not  given  by  wards 11,  U) 

Yaguajay  District %m 

Bambnranao sn 

Centeno 447 

Mayajigua i,2M 

Meneses i,  6W 

Seibabo 1,371 

Yaguajav 2,e!E 

Keys  and  Institutions i,S3B 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total  Popoijition 327,715 

Alto  Songo  District 12, 770 

Alto  Songo,  Norte » 1|692 

Alto  Songo,  Sur 1, 466 

Florida  Blanca 1,081 

Jara  Hueca 544 

Loma  del  Gato 685 

Mayari  Arriba 975 

Moron 927 

Palenqne 1,900 

Socorro  and  Maya 1,585 

Ti-Arriba 2,015 

Biiracoa  District 21,944 

Baracoa  City,  not  given  by  wards —  4,937 

Cabacu 715 

Canete 322 

Duaba 1,186 

Grantierra. 632 

Guandao 1,636 

Gulniao 1,686 

Hoyos ?29 

Imlas M7 

Jamal 1,024 

Juaco 1, 425 

Maisi 106 

Mandinga * 910 

Mata 738 

Monte  Cristo 739 

Nibujon 514 

Quemado 363 

Sabana 654 

Babanilla 780 

Sitio 473 

Toar 735 

Veguita 541 

Vertlentes 650 

Bayamo  District 21,193 

Barrancas 1, 596 

Bneycito , 1,590 

Cauto  del  Embarcadero 1, 571 

Cristo 1,788 


Bajramo  District— Continued. 

DaUl 2,142 

Quamo 1.  7ii9 

Guisa 3.565 

Homo : i,29h 

Laguna  Blanca l,»56 

San  Juan 1,234 

Veguita s,7»4 

Campechnela  District 7,3fi9 

Campechuela  City,  not  given  by  wards  3»  254 

CeibaHueca 2,149 

San  Ramon.. ^ i,9fi6 

Caney  District 9,126 

Barajagua 174 

Caney 841 

Daiquiri i,  sso 

DemaJ  ayabo i,  752 

Doe  Bocas i,  217 

Guaninicun 1,J47 

Lagunas i,ao5 

Paz  de  los  Naranjoe 2&4 

Sevilla 561 

Zacatccas 462 

Cobrc  District ip.TO? 

Ascrradero 459 

Botija 324 

Brazo  Cauto i.ioO 

Caimanes e96 

Cavo  Smith 265 

Cobre 1,028 

Do8  Palmas i,  226 

Ermitano 240 

Hongoloeongo 1,987 

Mack) 92 

Manacas 1,426 

Nimanima 421 

Rio  Frio 605 

Santa  Rita 614 

Sevilla 272 

CrisU)  District,  not  given  by  wards l,m 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


POPULATION   BY   WAED8   AND   CITIES. 


189 


Table  I V. — PojmlcUiwi  by  itxirda  and  by  dlie* — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— CouUuued. 


Gibara  District 81, 5W 

Arroyo  Blanco .' 1, 739 

Banes 6,780 

Bariai 1,047 

Bocas 8.023 

Candelaria ^.  436 

Cantimplora 615 

Fray  Benito 2,663 

Gibara  City,  not  given  by  wards 6,841 

Jobabo 1,266 

Potrerillo .  920 

Pueblo  Nuevo 826 

Sama 1,606 

Santa  Lucia 3,436 

Santa  Rosalia 873 

Yabaaon 673 

Quantanamo  District ^ 28,063 

Arroyo  Hondo 1,040 

Baitiquiri 164 

Bano 838 

Calmanera 620 

Camarones 757 

Caridad 516 

Casimba 537 

Casisey  Abaio 608 

CaaiseyArriba 448 

CoFralillo 552 

Cuatro  Camlno0 441 

Glorieta 2,062 

Gobiemo 1,219 

Guaso 1,514 

Hospital 1,594 

laleta 80 

Indioa 107 

Jaibo  Abaio 820 

Jalbo  Arriba 296 

Jamaica 2, 161 

Lajas 1,371 

Macurigea 492 

Mercado 916 

Ocujal  and  veȤcl8 90 

Palmar 1,165 

Palmade  San  Juan 281 

Parroquia 1,640 

Rastro 831 

RioSeco 1,334 

Signal 402 

Tiguabos 1,538 

Vinculo 754 

Yateras 1,651 

Holguin  District 84,506 

AguasClaras 681 

Alcala 2,022 

Alfonsos 1,086 

Auraa 1,6W 

Bijani 2,152 

Camasau ^ 1,257 

Corralito 1,026 

Cuabas 1,228 

Holguin  City,  not  given  by  wards 6, 045 

La  Caridad 1,063 

LaPalma 2,101 

MalaNoche 703 

Pumio 980 

San  Agustin 2,163 

San  Andres 1,181 

San  Lorenzo 1,060 

San  Pedro  de  Cacocum 1,823 

Sao  Arriba 1,080 

Tacajo 896 

Tacamara 832 

Unas 1,324 

Velasco 1,777 

Yareyal 927 


Jiguani  District 10,495 

Babiney 2,766 

Baire 2,972 

Calabazar 1,026 

Jiguani 665 

Rinconada 1,012 

Santa  Rita 839 

Ventas 1,225 

Manzanlllo  District 32,288 

Blangulzal 1,010 

Callcitos 738 

Cano.  1.112 

Congo 796 

DosCuartones 643 

Esperanza 1,726 

Jibacoa 2,024 

Manzanlllo  City,  not  given  by  wards.  14, 464 

Media  Luna 3,319 

PorUUo 440 

Tranquilldad 834 

Vlcana 1,642 

Vara 1,234 

Zarzal 2,276 

Mayari  District... 8,504 

Barajagua 723 

Biran 629 

Braguetudoe 1,454 

Cabonico 683 

Chavaleta 1,230 

Chucho 4»l 

Guayabo 1,393 

Sabanilla 177 

SanGregorio 1,821 

Nlquero  District 2, 718 

NiqueroCity 1,560 

Vellz 680 

Cabo  Cruz  and  Punta  de  Practicos  ...  578 

Palma  Soriano  District 12, 305 

Cauto  Abajo 839 

Canto  Baire 777 

Concepcion 1 ,  526 

Dorados 691 

LaaCuchillas 1,988 

Palma  Soriano 1,776 

Remanganaguas 1, 688 

San  Leandro 1,003 

SanUFilomena 682 

SiUo 1,335 

Puerto  Padre  District 19,984 

Arenas 1, 119 

Caisimu 1,653 

Cauto  del  Pasd 1,500 

Cbaparra 1,038 

Curana 1,000 

Manati 1,064 

Maniabon 995 

Ojo  de  Agua 1, 157 

Oriente 2,471 

Palmarito 1,072 

Playuelas 1,038 

San  Manuel 2,783 

Tunas 663 

Vedado 1,200 

Yarey 1,231 

Sagua  de  Tanamo  District 5,796 

Bazan 781 

Calabazas 952 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


190 


REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Tablk  IV. — Populaium  hy  boards  and  %  cUies — (Vmtinued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— OonUnued. 


Bamui  de  Tanamo  Districtr-Contlnoed. 

EBteron 545 

Juan  Diaz 714 

Miguel 665 

Sarua  de  Tanamo*. 1, 252 

Zabala 887 

8an  Luis  District 11,681 

IKw  Caminos 8,991 

LaLus 618 

Monte  doB  Le^as 2,  OlS 

San  Luis 6,069 


Santiago  de  CutMi  District 4&.4W 

Belen .• 6,36i 

Catedral 5,152 

Cristo 6,310 

Daiao I..i5. 

Dolores 9,011 

Ramon  de  las  Yagnas 2,3^ 

Santo  Tomas 8,085 

Trinidad 6,8S7 

Institutiinis 775 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES. 


City. 


Abreus 

Aguacate 

AlquiKar 

Alto  Songo 

Artemisa 

Baracoa 

Batabano 

Bavamo 

Belucal 

Bolondron , 

Cabezas , 

Caibarien , 

CAlabazar , 

Camajuani , 

Campechuela 

Cardenas , 

CiegodeAvila , 

Cienfuegos 

(Mfuentes.... 

Cobre 

Colon 

Consolacion  del  Sur, 

Corral  Falso 

Cristo 

Cruces 

Cuevitas 

Daiquiri 

Encrucijadla 

Esperanza 

Olbara 

Guanabaooa 

Guanajay 

Guantanamo 

Guines. 

Gulra 

Habana  

Holgoin 

Jaruco 

Joyellanos 

Limonar 

Macagua 

Madruga 

Managua 

Mangiiito 

Manzanillo 

Marianao 

Matanzas 

Maximo  Gomez 

Mavari 

Melena 

Moron 


Province. 


Santa  Clara 

Habana 

do 

Santiago 

PinardelRio.... 

Santiago 

Habana  

Santiago 

Habana  

Matanzas 

do 

Santa  Clara 

do 

do 

Santiago 

Matanzas 

Puerto  Principe  . 

Santa  Clam 

do 

Santiago 

Matanzas 

Pinar  del  Rio. . . . 

Matanzas 

Santiago 

Santa  Clara 

Matanzas 

Santiago 

Santa  Clara 

....do 

Santiago 

Habana  

PinardelRio.... 

Santiago .*. 

Habana 

Matanzas 

Habana  

Santiago 

Habana 

Matanxas 

....do 

....do 

Habana  

....do 

Matanzas 

Santiago 

Habana  

Matanzas 

....do 

Santiago 

Habana  

Puerto  Principe . 


Popola-  'I 
tion.      I 


City. 


1,300 
1,566 
3,714 
8,168 
2,312 
4,967 
1,025 
8,022 
4,828 
2,604 
1,721 
7,018 
1,576 
5,082 
8,264 

21,940 
2,919 

30,088 
1,486 
1,028 
7,175 
3,062  I 
8,823  I 
1,194 
4,173 
2,634 
1,880 
1,725 
2,177 
6,841 

18,965 
6,483 
7,137 
8,149 
1,676 
286,981 
6.045 
1,189 
4,721 
2,876 
1,467 
2,001 
1,063 
1.534 

14,464 
5,416 

86,374 
1.743 
1,821 
5,016 
2,084 


Niquero 

Nueva  Paz 

Nueyitas 

Palma  Soriano  . . 

Palmira 

Perico 

PinardelRio.... 

Placetas 

Puentes  Grandes . . . 

Puerto  Padre 

Puerto  Principe 

Quemado  de  Guines 

Quiyican 

Rancho  Veloz 

Ranchuelo 

Regla 

Remedios , 

Rodas , 

Roque , 

Sabanilla 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . . 

Sagua  la  Grande  ... 

San  Antonio  de  ]o8 
Bancs. 

Sancti  Spiritus 

San  Felipe 

San  Fernando 

San  Jose  de  las  La- 
Jas. 

San  Jose  do  los  Ra* 
mos. 

San  Juan  de  las  Ye- 
ros. 

San  Luis 

Santa  Ana 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

Santa  Fe 

Santa  Isabel  de  las 
Laias. 

Santiago 

Santiago  de  las  Ve- 
gas. 

Santo  Domingo 

Surgidero 

Trinidad 

Vereda  Nueva 

Vinales 

Vueltas 


Province. 


Santiago 

Habana 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santiago 

Santa  Clara 

Matanzas 

PinardelRio  ... 

Santa  Clara 

Habana 

Santiago 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara 

Habana  

Santa  Clara 

do 

Habana  

Santa  Clara 

do 

Matanzas 

do 

Santiago 

Santa  Clara 

Habana  


Santa  Clara  . 

Habana  

Santa  Clara  . 
Habana  ..... 


Matanzas 

Santa  Clara  . 


Santiago 

Matanzas 

Santa  Clara 

Puerto  Principe . 

Habana  

Santa  Clara 


Santiago  . 
Habana  .. 


Santa  Clara  . . . 

Habana  

Santa  Clara  . . . 

Habana  

Pinar  del  Rio  . 
Santa  Clara  . . . 

....do 

Matanzas 


Popola- 


i.sao 

2,2»« 
4.2» 
1,77« 
4,519 
S;496 
.  8.880 
5,409 


1.729 
A 102 
l,5fi2 
1,800 
1.514 
S,019 
11,8S3 
6.6S3 
8,880 
1,482 
2,200 
1,252 
12,728 
8,178 

12.696 
1.490 
1.078 
3.0C24 

2.310 

1,469 

5.059 
1,421 
13,763 
1,210 
1.050 
8,012 

43,000 
7,151 

2.079 


U,]20 
2.416 
1.600 
1,386 
1,206 
8,441 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


DENSITY   OF   POPULATION. 


191 


Tablk  Y. — Rural  poptUathm  excluding  cities  of  8^000  inhahiianls  or  morey  with  area  and 
densUyy  by  muniapal  districts. 


HABANA  PROVINCE. 


DlstrictB. 


Affoacate 

Alqulzar 

BalnoA 

Bataban6 

Bauta 

Bejucal 

Cano 

Casisniaa 

Catalina 

Celbade  Agua 

Guanabacoa 

Ottam 

oaines 

Guira  de  Helena 

Habana 

IsladePinoe 

Jamco 

Madniga 

Managtia 

Marianao *. 

Melena  del  Sur 

NuevaPaz 

Pipian 

Quivican 

Salud 

Ban  Antonio  de  loo  Vegas 
San  Antonio  de  los  Balos 

San  Felipe 

Ban  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

San  Nicolas 

Santa  Cms  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario. . 
Santiago  de  las  Vegas  — 

Tapaste 

Vereda  Nueva 


Rural 

Area  in 

^r^- 

square 
miles. 

3,163 

63 

8,746 

78 

1,725 

11 

6,523 

70 

5,142 

76 

5,756 

36 

4,210 

26 

1,004 

22 

2,718 

92 

2,197 

34 

6,115 

85 

1,835 

29 

3,246 

38 

11,548 

63 

6,074 

57 

3,199 

840 

4,076 

74 

3,744 

58 

2,887 

58 

8,593 

25 

3,207 

137 

7,761 

151 

1,101 

66 

2,423 

65 

3,293 

43 

1,855 

42 

4,453 

30 

1,915 

18 

4,154 

56 

4,568 

105 

2,965 

81 

2,730 

27 

10,276 

29 

i,a5i 

30 

2,416 

14 

Density 

per 
Kquarc 
mile. 


50.2 
112.1 
156.8 
93.2 
67.0 
159.9 
161.9 
45.6 
29.5 
64.6 
71.9 
63.3 
85.4 
183.3 
106.5 
3.8 
55. 1 
61.5 
49.8 
^3.7 
2:^.4 
51.1 
16.7 
37.3 
76.6 
44.2 
148.4 
111.9 
74.2 
43.5 
36 
100 
360 
52 
171 


MATANZAS  PROVINCE. 


Alacranes 

Bolondron 

Cabesas 

Canasi 

Cardenas 

Carlos  Rojas 

Colon 

Cuevitas 

Guamacaro 

Jaguey  Grande 

Joyellanos 

LosCayos 

Macagua 

Macnriges 

Marti 

Matanzas 

Maximo  Gomez 

Mendez  Capote 

Palmillas 

Perico , 

Roque 

Babanilla 

San  Joe6  de  los  Ramos. 

Banta  Ana 

Uni6n  de  Reyes 


8,110 

322 

9,179 

267 

6,184 

96 

1.998 

62 

2,921 

56 

3,174 

71 

12,196 

114 

5,807 

79 

6,000 

169 

5,  aw 

326 

7,529 

61 

374 

(?) 

5,042 

105 

10.405 

243 

8,631 

362 

8.90H 

320 

4,046 

152 

2,158 

117 

7,647 

422 

4.449 

44 

4,464 

126 

5.205 

77 

6,766 

146 

2.965 

60 

5,226 

36 

CO 


25 
34 
M 
31 
52 
45 

107 
74 
38 
18 

123 

48 
43 
21 
28 
27 
28 
18 

101 
35 
68 
46 
49 

145 


Digitized  by 


Google 


192 


REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Tablk  V. — Rural  population  exrlttding  Hli4n  of  8^000  inhabitants  or  more,  «<r, — Cont'd. 

PINAR  DEL  RIO  PROVINCE. 


DistricU. 

Rural 

popula- 

tion. 

Area  in 
square 
miles. 

Density 

per 
Kuare 
mUe. 

ArtemiiM- ., ^,,.,,-,,^,^,..-,^., ^.- 

9,187 
2,117 
8.8S3 
4,866 
7.399 

16,665 
8,796 

14.760 
2,710 
1,871 
2.466 
8,366 
8,631 

29.463 
4,263 
2,419 
1,137 

14.787 
7,608 

17.700 

181 
286 

89 
203 
203 
960 

12 
1.155 

37 
103 
199 
634 

95 
361 
235 
202 
138 
l&i 
IM 
208 

61 

Babia  HondA 

7 

Cabafias 

43 

Candelaria 

24 

Con8olaci6ii  del  Norte 

36 

Conaolacidn  del  Sur 

46 

Guanajay 

733 

Gtiane ,.,,,.  ^ ,  ^ ,,,,,,  ^ ..,,-,  ^ ,.  - ,, , ^ , . . .  ^  - , 

U 

Guayabal 

73 

Julian  nia« . . 

18 

TiOfl  Palacinii 

12 

Mantua 

13 

Hariel            

3^ 

PinardelRio 

M 

San  Cristobal 

11^ 

Pfin  Pipffo dfl lo« Bafin*!. .,...,. 

12 

San  DiejfO  de  Nufiez 

8 

San  Juan  y  Martinee 

96 

San  Luis 

49 

Vifiales 

(& 

PUERTO  PRINCIPE  PROVINCE. 


CiegodeAvila 

Moron 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe  ... 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 


9,801 

1,608 

9,630 

1,620 

10,355 

1,084 

28,038 

4.630 

6,308 

1.162 

SANTA  CLARA  PROVINCE. 


Abreufl 

Caibarien 

Calabazax 

Camajuani 

Cartagena 

Ceja  de  Pablo 

Cienfuegofl 

Cifuentes 

Cracea 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

Quemado  de  Guinea 

Rancho  Veloz 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Grande 

San  Antonio  de  laa  Vueltas 

Sancti  Spiritus 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedioe  . 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas... 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

Yaguajay 


8,996 

62 

8.650 

56 

13.419 

279 

14,496 

100 

6,244 

180 

6,964 

337 

29.090 

2,119 

3,«25 

72 

7,968 

60 

7,811 

159 

6,627 

132 

11,961 

226 

8.890 

167 

7,632 

161 

6,069 

40 

9.662 

163 

8.614 

205 

12.832 

208 

13,013 

1,262 

6,369 

96 

6,445 

67 

6,600 

116 

14.883 

158 

12,674 

540 

9.603 

136 

10,8?2 

291 

13.150 

828 

9.718 

442 

Digifized  by 


Google 


DENSITY   OK    POPULATION. 


193 


Tadlk  v. — RunU  popuUUion  excluding  cities  of  8^000  inhabitants  or  more^  etc, — Cont'd. 

SANTIAGO  PROVINCE. 


Districts. 


AltoSongo 

Baracoa 

Bayamo 

Gampechaela 

Caney  

Oobre 

Gibara 

Goant&iiamo 

Holguin 

Jig^i 

Manxanillo 

Mayart 

NiqQero 

Paima  Soriano — 

Paerto  Padre 

Sagua  deTanamo 

San  Luis 

Santia^  de  Cuba. 


Rural 
popula- 
tion. 


12,770 

21,944 

21,198 

7.360 

9,126 

10. 707 

31,594 

28.063 

34,606 

10,495 

17.824 

8,604 

2,718 

12.305 

19,984 

5,796 

11,681 

2,388 


24662 ^18 


Area  in 
square 
miles. 


450 
1.676 
1,034 

•   201 

870 

466 

1.216 

1,589 

495 

491 

1,009 

145 

244 

1,215 

628 

68 

7 


Density 

per 
fequare 
rmile. 


13 

20 

144 

46 

12 

68 

23 

22 

21 

86 

8 

19 

60 

16 

9 

172 

341 


Digitized  by 


Google 


194 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tablk  VI. — Sex^  gmeral  nativity,  and  color. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  thoHc  for  the  province  or  dislrict] 


ProTinces. 


Habana  

City  qf  Habana. 

Matansas 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe  . . . 

8antaCl*a 

Santiago 

Cuba 


AH  da 


Total.      Male.    Female 


424.804 
tS6,981 
202,444 
173,064 
88,234 
866,636 
827,716 


,672.797 


108,726 
91,688 
44,899 
189,067 
163,846 


221,990  202,814 
Its, £69,  littles 
98,718 
81,376 
43,836 
167,479 
163.870 


816,206 


767,692 


Native  white. 
Total.     Male.   Female 


248  619 
llS,Mt 
102,682 
114,907 
66,319 
214,946 
167,797 


116,838 
6t,9W 
60.824 
68,673 
82,675 

106,771 
82,292 


910,299  447,873 


126,781 
6t,69t 
62.&58 
66,334 
33.774 

108. 174 
86.606 


462,926 


Foreign  white. 


Totol.     Male.    Female 


68,971 
6f,90J 
16,235 
10,718 
4,038 
29.823 
18,813 


142,098 


61,162 
11,190 
11,860 
9,447 
8.499 
25,336 
11,446 


116,740 


14.809 
11,711 
3,385 
1,271 
539 
4,487 
1,867 


26,358, 


PKOVINCK  OF  HABANA. 


87 


39 


DlHtricts. 


Aq  uacatc 

Alauizar 

Bainoa 

Batabano 

Bauta  .• 

Bejucal 

Oano 

Casiguas 

Catalina 

Ceibadel  Aqua 

Ouanabacoa 

CUy  (tf  (humabacoa 

Quara x. 

Gaines 

Guira  de  Mel^na 

Habana  

CUy  of  Habana.... 

Isla  de  Finos 

Jaruco 

Madruga 

Managua  

Marianao 

MelenadelSur 

NuevaPas 

Pipian 

Quivican 

R«la 

Salud 

Ban  Antonio  do  las 

Vegas 

San  Antonio  de  los 

Baftos 

San  Felipe 

Ban  Jo66  de  las  Lajas. 

Ban  Nicolas 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte. 
Santa  Maria  del  Ros- 

ario 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas. 

Tapaste 

Vereda  Nueva 

The  province 


All  clascfi. 


Native  white. 


Foreign  white. 


Total.      Male.    Female'  Total.     Male.    Female,  Total.     Male.   Female 


8,163 

8,746 

1,725 

6,628 

6.142 

6,766 

4,210 

1,004 

2,718 

2,197 

20,080 

13,965 

1,835 

11,894 

11,548 

242,066 

tS6,981 

8,199 

4,076 

8,744 

2,887 

8,693 

8,207 

7,761 

1,101 

2,423 

11,363 

8,293 

1,856 

12,631 
1,915 
4,154 
4,568 
2,965 

2,730 
10,276 
1,651 
2,416 


424,801 


1,640 
4,814 

968 
8.600 
2,887 
2.738 
2,340 

661 
1,863 
1,174 
9.806 
6,Bt9 

926 
6,728 
6,486 
126,776 
ltS,t58 
1,782 
2,152 
1,807 
1.549 
4,682 
1,650 
8,834 

582 
1,236 
6,765 
1,787 

961 

6,631 

989 

2,040 

2,&13 


1,410 

6,270 

849 

1,297 


I  ■ 


1,523 
8,982 

767 
2,923 
2.806 
8,018 
1,870 

448 
1,365 
1,023 
10,276 
7,U96 

910 
6,669 
6,062 
116,280 
lit,  7tS 
1,417 
1,924 
1,987 
1,838 
4,011 
1,567 
8,927 

619 
1,187 
6,698 
1,606 

904 

6,000 
976 
2,114 
2,025 
1,362 

1,820 

5,006 

702 

1,119 


221,990  202,814  248,619 


1,667 
6,472 
1,271 
4,131 
8,626 
4,462 
8,828 
667 
2,040 
1,748 
13,160 
8,tSi 
1,896 
7,092 
7,872 
119,816 
116, SSt 
2,480 
8,014 
2,423 
2,268 
4,768 
1,847 
4,890 
962 
1,772 
7,493 
2,874 

1,465 

9,377 
1,209 
2,965 
2,797 
1,706 

2.002 
7,160 
1,260 
2.142 


826 

2,837 

690 

2,093 

1,932 

2,049 

1,735 

371 

986 

897 

6,307 

$,767 

692 

8,379 

8,907 

66,198 

6t,9W 

1,809 

1,574 

1,100 

1,206 

2,807 

941 

2,109 

485 

872 

3,612 

1,524 

717 

4.701 

588 

1,867 

1,487 

924 

1,029 

3,406 

667 

1,119 


116,888 


Ml 
2,635 

681 
2,038 
1,693 
2,413 
1,698 

296 
1,054 

851 
6,843 

i,m 

703 
8,713 
3,466 
64,623 
6t,69t 
1,171 
1,470 
1,323 
1,062 
2,461 

906 
2,281 

477 

900 
3,981 
1,350 

748 

4*676 

621 

1,698 

l.HIO 

781 

978 
3,764 

683 
1,023 


126,781 


206 

833 

74 

878 

440 

416 

396 

23 

152 

170 

1,484 

1,091 

89 

833 

1,221 

58,877 

6t,901 

198 

206 

230 

110 

1,159 

126 

877 

33 

118 

1,666 

193 

65 

1,220 
126 
189 
230 
136 

108 

1,202 

68 

101 


171 

727 

67 

764 

868 

806 

836 

19 

113 

126 

1,113 

80i 

62 

664 

1,069 

42,006 

U,190 

186 

160 

182 


97 
318 

28 

120 

1,229 

151 

60 

974 
87 
155 
204 
97 

92 

997 

58 

77 


68.971  I  54.162 


34 

106 

17 

114 

82 

110 

61 

4 

89 

45 

371 

t87 

27 

169 

162 

11,869 

11,711 

IS 

46 

48 

22 

227 

29 

59 

6 

28 

437 

42 


246 
38 
34 
26 
39 

16 

205 

10 

24 


Digitized  by  LjOOQIC- 


SEX,  NATIVITY,  AND   COLOR. 


195 


Table  VI. — Sej\  general  naiivily^  and  color. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Negro. 

Total. 

Mixed. 
Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Chinese. 
Male. 

Female. 
81 

Tbtal. 

Male. 

Female. 

^849 

23,892 

30,957 

53,479 

23,293 

30,186 

3,886 

3.805 

1 

t8,7SO 

ll.tlt 

J7,5S8 

S6,00i 

15, 179 

90,825 

t,79l, 

2,737 

57 

2 

47,796 

22, 3W 

25,401 

32,528 

14,964 

17,564 

4,206 

4,199 

7 

3 

28,811 

14,496 

14,316 

18,025 

8,598 

9,427 

603 

575 

28 

4 

6,976 

8,590 

3,385 

10,400 

4,773 

6,627 

472 

462 

10 

6 

48,  «M 

74  jn 

23,807 

58,060 

27,061 

30f989 

5,m 

5,172 

22 

6 

47,786 

22,815 

24,971 

98,323 

46,811 

61,512 

496 

481 

15 

7 

234,788 

m,896 

122,840 

270,805 

125,600 

145,305 

14,857 

14,691 

163 

8 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Negro. 


Total. 


900 

1.404 
204 
916 
€73 
416 
276 
289 
819 
161 

2,666 

.  f,J75 

226 

2,186 

1,678 
29,176 
t8,760 
267 
425 
717 
281 

1,890 
877 

1,989 

76 

361 

1,138 
187 


1.109 
413 
660 

1,027 
779 


879 
912 
160 
107 


Male. 


438 

701 

120 

449 

336 

177 

156 

186 

161 

84 

1,142 

89U 

117 

1,036 

846 

11,466 

ll,ttS 

164 

210 

843 

143 

685 

439 

896 

52 

168 

496 

71 


185 
831 
661 


184 
418 
90 
60 


Female. 


462 
703 
84 
467 


121. 

108 

158 

67 

1,624 

l,t79 

108 

1,150 

833 

17,719 

17,5S8 

103 

215 

374 

138 

706 


1,0 


24 
183 
642 

66 


574 
228 
319 
476 
391 

195 
494 
70 
47 


Total. 


348 

996 

172 

548 

390 

454 

201 

73 

206 

126 

2,714 

f,W8 

122 

1,145 

1,196 

36,339 

96,00U 

252 

382 

343 

227 

1,197 

329 

912 

29 

146 

950 


905 
158 
312 
450 
316 


287 

987 

72 

62 


Mixed. 
Male. 


162 

508 

87 

244 

198 

197 

106 

33 

92 

66 

1,189 

l,0t5 

50 

510 

504 

15,327 

15, 179 

122 

191 

151 

111 

571 

145 

418 

16 

70 

412 

41 

50 

402 
70 
149 
237 
165 

102 
437 
33 
37 


Female. 


186  • 
488  I 
85 
304 
192  , 
257 
95  I 
40  ' 
•  114 
60 
1,525  I 
l,.Vi3  ' 
T2 
eX) 
602 
21, 01? 
20,SJf' 
i;;u 
191 
192 

tit; 

62«i 
181 
194 

13 

7« 
5;i8 

■IH  . 

44 

503 
88 
163 
213 
151 

135 
550 
39 
25 


28  I 
93 

1 

6  I 
116 


Chinese. 


)t4ll. 

Male. 

43 

43 

41 

41 

4 

4 

50 

60 

14 

14 

9 

9 

9 

9 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

66 

54 

61 

4P 

4 

4 

138 

136 

81 

81 

2,848 

2.791 

f,79U 

2,7S7 

2 

2 

19 

17 

81 

31 

1 

1 

1 

2 
3 
4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 

29 

30 
31 
32 
33 
31 

35 
36, 
37 
38 


54,849 


23,802 


30,957 


53,479 


23,293 


30,186 


3,805 


Digitized  by 


Google 


196  REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    CUBA,   1899. 

Taulk  VI. — SeXf  general  nativity ^  and  color — Continued. 
[FiguitM  iu  italic  are  included  in  Uiose  for  the  province  or  district.] 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Distrlcta. 


Alacranefl 

Bolondron 

Cabexas 

Canasi 

Cardenas 

Cityof  Cardenas... 

Carlos  Rojas 

Colon 

Cuevitas 

Ouamacaro 

Jagtiey  Grande 

Jovellanoe 

Macagua 

Macuriges 

Marti 

Matanzas 

City  qf  MatanzoB  . . 

Maximo  Qomez 

Mendes  Copote 

Palmlllaa 

Perica 

Roque 

Sabanilla 

San  JO06  de  Ioh  Ramoe 

Santa  Ana 

Union  de  Reyes 

The  province . . . 


All  claaies. 


Total.      Male.   Female 


8,110 
»,179 
6,184 
1,993 
24.861 
gl,9i0 
8,174 
12,196 
6,807 
6,000 
6,863 
7,629 
6.042 
10,406 
8,906 
46,282 
S6,S7U 
4.(Vt6 
2,168 
7,647 
4,449 
4,464 
6.206 
6,766 
2,966 
6,226 


202,444    103.726 


4,673 
4.860 
2.606 
1,086 
11,744 

10,  toe 

1,616 
6.216 
8,188 
8,090 
8.092 
8,673 
2.666 
6,462 
4.931 
21,906 
16,9t6 
2, 102 
1,344 
4,166 
2,486 
2,677 
2,678 
8,662 
1,677 
2,622 


8,587 
4,329 
2,679 
908 
13.117 
IIJSU 
1.569 
6.980 
2,669 
2.910 
2,761 
8,966 
2,877 
4,963 
8,974 
23,377 
19,  U8 
1,944 
814 
8,492 
1,963 
1,887 
2,627 
8,113 
1.888 
2,604 


Native  white. 


Total.     Male.    Female 


3,676 
8,819 
8,687 
1.038 
14,086 
ll,9et 
1,179 
6,706 
8,087 
2,606 
8,674 
2.836 
2,624 
4.008 
4,126 
27.671 
to,  931 
1,788 
1,142 
8,337 
1.662 
2,066 
2,680 
2,673 
1.608 
2,237 


98,718   102,682 


1,972 
1,947 
1,823 

679 
6.381 
6,508 

692 
2,765 
1,683 
1,299 
1,836 
1,273 
1,268 
2,043 
2,163 
12,837 
9,tl9 

911 

676 
1,728 

860 
1,147 
1.3M 
1,39(5 

819 
1,093 


50,824 


1,704 
1,872 
1,864 

459 
7,704 
6,6SU 

687 
2,941 
1,464 
1,806 
1,839 
1.662 
1,266 
1,960 
1,962 
14,734 
ll,71t 

877 

466 
1,609 

812 

909 
1,276 
1,277 

774 
1,144 


52,868 


Foreign  white. 


Total.     Male.  .Female 


496 
789 
287 
81 
2.814 
t,081 
174 
824 


480 
411 
191 
699 
427 
4.512 
3,6U 
138 
126 
427 
287 
227 
401 
612 
251 
404 


16,286 


425 
628 
198 
64 
1,792 
1,6U 
143 
692 
331 
269 
359 
862 
180 
561 
370 
3,290 
t,695 
116 
112 
361 
213 
196 
271 
446 
174 
317 


11,860 


71 

161 

89 

17 

522 

457 

31 

132 

67 

90 

71 

59 

11 

148 

57 

1,222 

9i9 

22 

14 

66 

44 

31 

130 

166 

77 

87 


3,385 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


1 

2 

8 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

18 

14 

16 

16 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 

22' 


Artemiaa 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabanas 

Candelaria 

Consolacion  del  Norte 
Consolacion  del  Sur.. 

Quanajay 

Guane 

Guayabal 

Julian  Diaz 

Los  PalacioB 

Mantua 

Mariel 

PinardelRio 

City  qf  Pinar  dd 

San  Cristobai!!!!!!!!! 
San    Diego    de    los 

BaQos 

San  Diego  de  Nunez.. 
San  Juan  y  Martinez. . 

San  Luis 

Vinales 

The  province... 


9,817 

6,013 

4,804 

6,767 

2,978 

2,779 

470 

421 

49 

2,117 

1.003 

1,114 

803 

401 

402 

62 

52 

10 

8,863 

2,143 

1,710 

1,318 

764 

669 

153 

127 

26 

4,866 

2,620 

2,246 

2,989 

1,649 

1,890 

221 

188 

33 

7,899 

3,945 

8,454 

6,233 

2,720 

2.613 

331 

291 

40 

16,666 

8.655 

8.110 

9.842 

4,947 

4,895 

664 

689 

75 

8,796 

4.206 

4,591 

6.646 

2.693 

8,063 

667 

501 

166 

14,760 

8.400 

6,860 

11,023 

6,987 

5,036 

1,177 

1.085 

92 

2,710 

1,439 

1,271 

1,882 

949 

983 

240 

184 

56 

1,871 

988 

888 

1,060 

651 

609 

46 

42 

4 

2,466 

1,803 

1,163 

1,473 

770 

703 

87 

82 

6 

8.366 

4,637 

8,829 

6,471 

3,372 

8,099 

468 

447 

21 

8,631 

1.802 

1,829 

2,161 

1.088 

1,063 

142 

114 

28 

38,343 

20,082 

18.261 

26.028 

12,940 

18.083 

2.759 

2,435 

824 

8,880 

U,S56 

U,6ti 

i,908 

t,17S 

t,7$S 

i,ots 

86i 

161 

4,263 

2,276 

1,987 

2,822 

1,468 

1.8M 

152 

144 

8 

2,419 

1,802 

1,117 

1,760 

917 

843 

75 

61 

14 

1,187 

672 

565 

458 

248 

210 

45 

39 

6 

14,787 

8,170 

6,617 

10,202 

5,273 

4.929 

1.800 

1,212 

88 

7.608 

3,988 

8.620 

6,164 

2.601 

2,663 

477 

407 

7D 

17.700 

9,350 

8.350 

12,886 

6,467 

6,418 

1.182 

1.026 

166 

178,064 

91,688 

81,876 

114,907 

58,678 

56,834 

10,718 

9,447 

1,271 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


1 
? 

CiegodeAvila 

Moron 

9,801 
9,680 
10,856 
68,140 

t5,10t 
6,806 

4,979 

4,922 

6,888 

26,225 

10,911 

2.885 

4,822 

4,708 

4,467 

26,915 

1U,190 
2,423 

8,034 
8,486 
7,121 
89,196 

16,506 
8.562 

8.999 
4,269 
8,616 
18,806 

6,761 
1,884 

4.086 
4.167 
8.506 
20,888 

9,7U 
1,678 

813 

197 

970 

2.259 

l,t8S 
299 

288 

175 

859 

1.948 

1,08U 
234 

80 

22 

111 

311 

199 
65 

8 

Nuevitas 

4 

5 

6 

Puerto  Principe 

Citv  qf  Puerto 

Principe 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur ... 

Tlie  province  . . . 

7 

88,234 

44.899 

43,835 

66,349 

32,575 

88,774  1    4,088 

8,499 

539 

Digitized  by 


Google 


SEX,   NATIVITY,   AND    COLOR. 

Tablb  VI. — Sex^  general  natimiy^  ami  color — Continue*!. 

[Fibres  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  ur  district.] 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZA8. 


197 


Negro. 

Mixed. 

Chinese.                  | 

Total. 

Male.        Female. 

Total. 

Male.     1   Female. 

Total. 

Male.    1  Female. 

2,470 
2,833 

756 

686 
3,981 
S,699 
1,223 
2,«i6 
1,470 
2,067 

973 
2,677 
1,345 
3,664 
2,431 
5,722 
I,,  875 
1,356 

628 
2,215 
1,421 
1,406 
1,612 
1,830 

761 
1,621 

•      1,306           1.166 

1,246 

1,496 

432 

270 

4,082 

S,9t9 

666 

2,432 

801 

886 

727 

1,432 

877 

1,777 

1,463 

7,117 

6,680 

677 

193 

1,351 

842 

693 

596 

1,471 

332 

880 

649              597 

222 

243 

22 

18 

399 

S69 

42 

877 

101 

93 

49 

174 

106 

262 

469 

360 

545 

87 

69 

817 

267 

183 

66 

179 

28 

84 

222 

243 

22 

18 

899 

S69 

40 

877 

101 

98 

49 

169 

106 

262 

469 

360 

SiS 

87 

69 

317 

267 

183 

66 

179 

28 

84 

1 

1,341 

364 

280 

1,619 

l,55i 

580 

1,329 

718 

988 

609 

1,116 

706 

1,779 

1,216 

2,362 

1,889 

631 

357 

1,122 

710 

743 

697 

921 

377 

720 

1,492 

392 

306 

2,462 

t,t68 

643 

1,527 

752 

1,069 

464 

1,562 

639 

1,885 

1,216 

3,360 

g,987 

726 

271 

1,093 

711 

662 

816 

909 

884 

901 

691 
198 
144 
1,663 
1,S7U 
260 
1,052 
406 
441 
340 
664 
416 
817 
723 
3.066 
e,780 
367 
130 
627 
446 
308 
290 
710 
179 
408 

801 

234 

126 

2,429 

f,566 

296 

1,380 

396 

446 

387 

768 

461 

960 

740 

4,061 

3,800 

320 

63 

724 

396 

286 

306 

761 

163 

472 

9 

R 

4 

ft 

6 

2 

7 
8 

9 

10 

11 

5 

12 
IS 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

W 

?1 

?? 

?3 

?4 

?6 

W 

47,793  1        22,389 

25,404 

32,528  1        14,9&4 

17,564 

4,206 

4,199 

7 

27 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


1,783 

766 

1,702 

1,022 

1,105 

3,489 

1,312 

1,386 

431 

581 

455 

928 

797 

6,014 

1,668 
838 

365 

416 

2,118 

1,217 

2,146 


920 
314 
862 
532 
662 

1,729 
560 
732 
225 
280 
232 
474 
359 

3,036 

667 
451 

206 
176 

1,124 
628 

1,094 


452 
840 
490 
543 

1,760 
762 
6&1 
206 
251 
223 
454 
438 

2,978 

1,011 
387 

150 
240 
9M 
589 
1,052 


1,262 

477 

688 

674 

721 

2,652 

1,100 

1,146 

152 

227 

419 

496 

627 

3,385 

l,17t 
443 

226 
198 

1,151 
735 

1.446 


649 
227 
303 
341 
863 

1,272 
488 
668 
76 
103 
197 
241 
227 

1.525 

455 
205 


bib 
341 
722 


613 
250 
286 
333 
358 

1,380 
612 
578 
76 
124 
222 
255 
300 

1,860 

719 
238 

110 
109 
606 
394 
?24 


45 
9 
97 
10 
9 
18 
71 
28 
6 
7 
22 
3 
14 
162 

107 
8 

3 
20 
16 
16 
41 


46 
9 
97 
10 
9 
18 
63 
28 
6 
7 

22 

3 

14 

146 

107 

8 

3 

20 
16 
11 
41 


16 


9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 

15 
16 

17 
18 
19 
20 
21 


28,811 


14,496 


14,316 


18,025  1 


8,598 


9,427 


603 


676 


PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINaPE. 


276 

217 

986 

6,158 

3,191 
338 

144 

113 

626 

2,509 

l,3tO 
198 

.      132 

104 

360 

2,649 

1,871 
140 

1,167 
774 
948 

6,404 

4,041 
1,107 

542 

369 

460 

2,845 

1,668 
667 

625 

415 

488 

3,659 

i.373 
640 

11 

6 

330 

123 

8g 
2 

11 

6 

328 

115 

76 

2 

I 

? 

2 

8 

6 

3 
4 

6 
6 

6.975 

3,590 

3,385 

10,400 

4,773 

5,627 

4?2 

462 

10 

7 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


198  REPORT   ON    THE    CENSITS    OF   CUBA,   1899. 

Table  VI. — Sfx^  general  nativity ^  itnd  ctdor — Continued. 

[Fi^reH  in  iuUU*  are  included  in  thofte  for  the  province  or  district.] 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Districtii. 


Abreufl 

Caibarlen 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cieufuego^ 

(Hty  of  Cien/iinpn*. 

Cifuenles 

Cruces 

EHperanza 

12  I  Palmira 

13  I  Placetas 

14  Quemado  de  (iiiineH. . 

15  Rancho  VeU»z 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Bagua  la  tirande 

City  of  Sat/ua  la 

Urandf 

San   Antonio  de  laM 

VueltAH 

Sancti  Splritus 

CayofSanctii>inr- 

UU9 

San  Diego  del  Valle . . 

San  Fernando 

Han  J  uan  de  lao  Yenu*. 
San  Juan  de  loe  Re- 

medios 

Santa  Clara 

aty  of  Santa  Clara 
Santa  Imbel   de  las 

Lajas 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

aty  of  Trinidad.. 
Yaguajay 


34 


The  province.. 


AllclawMt. 


Total.   I  Male.    Female 


3.995 
8,650 
13.419 
14,495 
6.244 
6.954 
59,128 
SO,  OSS 
3,K2f» 
7.953 
7,811 
6,527 
11,961 
8,890 
7.5:i2 
5,059 
9,562 
21,342 

li, Its 

12,832 
25, 709 

li,G96 
5,:W9 
6,445 
5,600 

14,833 
28,437 
1S,76S 

9,608 
10,372 
24,271 
ll,ltO 

9,718 


2,112 
4.506 
7,562 
8.407 
3,563 
3,486 
32,173 
Ik, 589 
1,988 
4,170 
4,145 
3.569 
6.481 
4, 762 
4.024 
2,521 
5.367 
10,907 


1.883 
4.144 
5,867 
6,088 
2,691 
3.468 
26,965 

1,887 
3,783 
3.666 
2,958 
5.480 
4.128 
3,508 
2.538 
4,195 
10,435 


Native  white. 


I 


Foreign  white. 


Tot*l.     Male.    Female  TotaL     Male.    Female; 


2,227 
5,620 
7,600 
7,983 
3,862 
4.190 
32.209 
16,755 
2,450 
4,084 
5,602 
3,238 
7.214 
5,737 
3,823 
3,067 
6.427 
11,709 


6,16S  \     6,565  j     7,045 

5,711       9,363 
13,663  I  18,738 


7.121 
12,046  , 


\ 

5,0S0  .  7,666 

2,896  2,473 

3.742  2,703 

2,938  2,662 


7,605 
14,582 
6,f6t 

6,606 
5,496 
U,688 
U,516 
5,664 


7,228 
13.855 
7,501 

3.997 
4,876 
12,683 
6,60U 
4,064 


356,536  189,067  167,479  214,945  106,771  106.174 


8,170 
4,098 
4.176 
4,106 

9,094 
18,300 
8,t76 

4,872 
7.000 
13,746 
5,U75 
6,471 


1,017 
2,699 
8,988 
4,000 
2.035 
2.109 
16,028 
7.0*5 
1,206 
1,961 
2,892 
1,560 
3,569 
2,898 
1,917 
1.449 
2.764 
5,582 

5,186 

4,780 
8,770 

5,166 
2,163 
2,242 
2.094 

4,366 
8,994 
5,601 

2,688 
8,591 
6,688 
t,t50 
2.888 


1.18D 
8.021 
3.662 
3.988 
1.817 
2,081 
16.181 
8,690 
1,244 
2,133 
2,710 
1,679 
3.666 
2,»t4 
1.906 
1.618 
2,663 
6,127 

5,859 

4,583 
9,968 

5,00k 
1.986 
1,984 
2,011 

4,739 
9,806 
A,  775 

2,1B9 
3.409 
7.068 
5,  its 
2,588 


1.068 

1,016 

8.2S8 

604 

216 

6.376 

5,k85 

166 

716 

262 

566 

1.408 

611 

474 

238 

866 

2.043 


1.864 
666 

591 
212 
694 
189 

1,486 

1.972 

915 

565 
431 
639 

f47 
1,806 


29,823 


867 
903 
888 

2,496 
486 
185 

5,537 

t,900 
133 
616 
237 
683 

1,141 
443 
400 
221 
767 

1.768 

967 

1,463 
589 

545 
184 
613 
165 

1,199 
1,668 


509 
374 
479 

ton 

1,062 


26.336 


37 

1<& 

VM 

717 

18 

SO 

8» 

5$5 

33 

99 

25 

1st 

68 
74 
12 
99 
275 


45 
28 
81 
24 

237 
314 


56 
57 
60 
4£> 
223 


4,4S7 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Alto  Songo 

Baracoa 

Bayamo , 

Campechuela  . 

Caney , 

Cobre , 

Cristo , 

Gibara 

Guantanamo.. 

Holguin , 

Jiguani 

Manzanillo . 


City  (if  Manzanillo. 

Mayarf 

J4iquero 

Palma  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

City  qf  Santiago  de 
Cuba 


The  province  - . .   327, 715 


12,770 

21,944 

21,193 

7,369 

9,126 

10,707 

1,194 

31,594 

28,063 

34.606 

10,495 

32,288 

14,454 

8,504 

2,718 

12.306 

19.984 

6,796 

11,681 

45,478 

kS,090 


6,525 
11.141 
10,311 
4,107 
6,478 
5,443 
563 
16,126 
14,476 
17,020 
5,104 
15,666 
6,518 
4,280 
1,373 
6,396 
9,940 
2,973 
5,805 
21,118 

19,9tt 


163,845 


6,245 
10,803 
10,882 
3,262 
3,648 
5,264 
631 
15,468 
13,587 
17,486 
6.391 
16.622 
7,9k6 
4,224 
1,345 
5,909 
10,044 
2,823 
6,876 
24,360 

£5,168 


163,870 


2,971 
9,394 

11,110 
3,971 
2,616 
2,289 
510 

24,244 
7,028 

29,610 
6,179 

18, 116 
8,555 
6,143 
1,863 
5,947 

14.669 
3,600 
2,967 

16,711 

15,e58 


167,797 


1,644 
4,765 
6,886 
2,151 
1,363 
1.191 
243 

12,  IM 
3,489 

14,468 
3,022 
8,491 
5,565 
2,590 
940 
3,064 
7,279 
1,759 
1,440 
6,943 

6,70f 


82,292 


1,427 
4,629 
5,724 
1,820 
1,258 
1,068 
267 

12.060 
8,539 

15,142 
3,167 
9,624 
4,765 
2,663 
923 
2,883 
7,880 
1,741 
1,527 
8,768 

5,556 


85,506 


232 
618 
219 
318 

1,692 

244 

77 

1,506 

1,843 
681 
68 

1,224 

f^ 

62 


465 


5,440 


13,313 


208 
542 
207 
306 

1.629 

222 

65 

1.194 

1.669 

573 

60 

1,060 

510 

119 

57 

116 

249 

80 

368 

2,812 

t,79B 


11,446 


24 

76 

12 

12 

63 

22 

12 

311 

274 

108 

3 

144 

109 

15 

5 

12 

18 

3 

107 

&16 


1,867 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SEX,  NATIVITY,  AND   COLOR. 

Tablr  VI. — SeXf  general  nalivity,  nnH  color — Continued. 

[FIgureH  ill  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


199 


Negro. 

Total. 

Mixed. 
Male. 

Chincflc. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

748 

819 
2,897 
1,642 

890 
1,291 
7,468 
3,068 

673 
1.603 

579 
1,688 
1,335 
1,509 
2, 142 

892 
1,399 
3,790 

1,899 

747 
1,949 

987 
275 
892 
237 

2,033 
2,404 
J,S57 

2.598 
1,610 
3,223 
J,  Its 
1,-291 

330 
386 

1,571 
868 
519 
574 

3,856 

l,t09 
336 
787 
331 
828 
687 
769 

1,076 
432 
802 

1,650 

758 

426 
904 

S7t 
145 
566 
138 

957 

1,161 

500 

1,487 
783 

1,619 
106 
749 

418 
433 

1,326 
774 
871 
717 

3,612 

1,859 
337 
816 
248 
760 
618 
750 

1,066 
460 
597 

2,140 

1,161 

.321 
1.045 

615 
130 
336 
99 

1.076 

1,243 

757 

1,111 
827 

1.604 
700 
542 

470 
1,029 
1,677 
1,298 

928 
1,125 
11,888 

7,m 

498 

1,326 

1.332 

990 

1,756 

932 

916 

834 

1.692 

3.244 

f,«84 

784 
4,315 

S,llh 
742 
770 

1,048 

2,042 
5,628 
S,tl7 

1.433 
1.197 
6.728 

u,m 

1,529 

228 
504 
826 
654 
443 
485 
5.570 
8,090 

ias> 

691 
649 
494 
845 
466 
4M 
386 
856 
1.362 

916 

378 
1.742 

1,115 
362 
418 
520 

870 
2,636 
1,356 

792 

615 

2,867 

J,  608 

828 

247 
625 
751 
644 
485 
640 
6.318 
i,311 
273 
735 
683 
496 
910 
466 
462 
448 
836 
1.882 

1,368 

406 
2,673 

1,999 
380 
352 
528 

1,172 
2.992 
1,961 

641 

582 

3.861 

«,64l 

701 

146 

.  114 

S29 

889 

70 

133 

1,187 

3ia 

38 
225 
•  36 
156 
249 
•201 
177 

83 
178 
556 

363 

74 
41 

5* 
42 
13 
21 

228 
133 
98 

135 
134 
35 
U 
122 

146 
114 
329 
389 

70 

133 

1,182 

545 

88 
226 

36 
165 
249 
201 
177 

33 
178 
546 

356 

74 
41 

3h 
42 
13 
21 

224 
133 
98 

135 
133 
85 
«5 
1-22 

1 

1 
? 

8 

4 

5 

6 

5 

7 

8 

^ 

10 

11 

1? 

^'^ 

14 

15 

1ft 

17 

11 
7 

IS 
19 
?0 

n 

?? 

?3 

V4 

?5 

4 

26 
?7 

•« 

?9 

1 

30 
31 

3? 

33 

48,524 

24,717 

23,807 

58,050 

27,061 

30,969 

5.194 

5, 172 

22 

34 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


5.456 
2,294 

908 

274 
1.917 
3,647 

226 
2,083 
8,988 

962 

360 
1,719 
1,103 

369 

13 

1.812 

1,090 

650 
3,621 
11,397 

10,319 

2,721 

1,146 

428 

157 

1,014 

1,796 

94 

976 

4,845 

455 

184 

781 

UO 

197 

8 

959 

639 

852 

1,756 

4.907 

h,398 

2.785 

1,148 

480 

117 

903 

1,851 

132 

1,107 

4,643 

507 

176 

938 

663 

1T2 

5 

863 

551 

298 

1,866 

6,490 

5,9X1 

4,106 
9.634 
8.964 
2,775 
2,898 
4  554 
380 
3,682 

10.025 
3,248 
8,889 

11,197 
i,083 
2,865 
780 
4,414 
8,962 
1.563 
4,621 

14,796 

13,957 

2.047 
4.684 
4,288 
1,462 
1,460 
2, -231 

160 
1,719 
4.894 
1,519 
1,834 
5.283 
1,679 
1.371 

368 

.   2,253 

1,867 

782 
2,244 
6,346 

6,917 

2,069 
4.960 
4,666 
1,313 
1,429 
2,3*23 
220 
1.963 
6.131 
1.729 
2,056 
6,914 

1.484 
412 
2,161 
2,096 
781 
2,377 
8,450 

8,0W 

5 
4 
2 

31 
3 
3 
1 

80 

179 

5 

4 

33 

t6 
3 

5 
4 

2 

81 

3 

3 

1 

73 

179 

5 

4 

31 

f4 

3 

1 

? 

H 

4 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 
9 

10 

11 

2 

12 
13 
14 

15 

4 

16 

4 
16 

16 

17 

18 

7 
116 

116 

7 
110 

110 

19 

6 
6 

20 
21 

47.786 

22.815 

24,971 

98,323 

46,811 

51,612 

496 

481 

15 

'22 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


200  REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

Tablb  VII. — PereerUage  ofpbpuUUum  Ity  war,  gmrral  ntUitUy,  and  coiar. 

[  FlKures  in  itiUio  are  included  in  those  for  the  proTinee  or  district.] 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


DifitrictJi. 


Aguacate 

AlquiKar 

Bainoa 

BatabaD6 

Bauta 

Bejucal 

C^no , 

Casiffuas 

CaUlIna 

Ccibadel  Agrua 

Guanabacoa 

OUy  qf  Gitanabacoa 

Guara 

Gulnes , 

Guira  de  M  elcna , 

Uabana 

City  of  JIabana , 

Isla  de  Pfnos , 

Janice 

Mad  ruga 

Managua 

Marianao 

Melena  del  Sur , 

NuevaPax 

Plplan 

Quivic&n 

Regla 

Salud 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegafl. 
San  Antonio  de  los  Bafios. 

San  Felipe 

San  Josddelas  Lajas , 

San  NicolAa 

Santa  Cms  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Roearin . . 

Santiago  de  las  V^as 

Tapaflte 

VeredaNueva 


Total 
popula- 
tion. 


Sex. 


Nativity  and  color. 


The  province 424, 804  | 


8,746 
1.725 
6,523 
5,142 
6,756 
4.210 
I, MM 
2,718 
2,1»7 

20,080 

JS,965 
1,835 

11, SM 

11.548 
242,065 
tSS,98I 
3,199 
4,076 
8,744 
2.887 
8.593 
3,207 
7.761 
1,101 
2,423 

11.363 
8,293 
1,866 

12,631 
1,915 
4,164 
4,568 
2.965 
2.730 

10,276 
1,661 
2.416 


Male. 


51.8 

66.1 

66.5 

66.2 

66.2 

47.6 

55.6 

56.9 

49.8 

58.4 

48.8 

i6.8 

50.4 

60 

66.2 

62.4 

St.t 

66.7 

62.8 

48.8 

68.7 

63.4 

61.4 

49.4 

62.9 

51.1 

60.7 

64.3 

61.3 

52.5 

49 

49.1 

65.7 

64.1 

61.6 

61.3 

64.7 

63.7 


52.3 


Female. 


I   Native 
,   whites. 


48.2 

44.9 

44.5 

44.8 

44.8 

62.4 

44.4 

44.1 

60.2 

46.6 

61.2 

«.f 

49.6 

50 

48.8 

47.6 

47.  S 

44.3 

47.2 

61.7 

46  3 

46.6 

48.6 

60.6 

47.1 

48.9 

49.3 

45.7 

48.7 

47.5 

51 

50.9 

44.3 

46.9 

48.4 

48.7 

46.3 

46.3 


47.7 


52.7 

02.6 

78.7 

63.3 

70.5 

77.5 

79.1 

66.4 

76.1 

79.6 

65.6 

59 

76 

62.2 

63.8 

49.5 

i9 

77.5 

74.7 

64.7 

7316 

56.4 

57.6 

56.6 

87.4 

7S.1 

66.9 

87.8 

79 

74.2 

68.2 

71.4 

61.3 

67.8 

73.8 

69.7 

80.6 

88.6 


57.4 


Foreign 
whites. 


6.5 
9.6 
4.3 

18.5 
8.6 
7.2 
9.4 
2.3 
6.6 
7.7 
7.4 
7.8 
4.9 
7.8 

10.6 

22.8 

«f.4 
6.2 
5 

6.2 
3.8 

13.5 
3.9 
4.9 
3 
6.1 

14.7 
6.9 
2.9 
9.7 
6.6 
4.5 
6 

4.5 
8.9 

11.7 
4.4 
4.2 


Colored. 


40.B 
27.9 
22.0 
23.2 
20.9 
15.3 
1L5 
SL3 
19.3 
12.7 
27.1 
SS.f 
19.1 
30.5 
25.6 
28.2 
fS.« 
16.3 
20.  S 
29.1 
17.6 
31.1 
38.5 
38.5 

9.6 
20.8 
19.4 

6.8 
18.1 
16.1 
30.  S 
24.1 
33.7 
87.7 
22.8 
18.6 
15.0 

7.2 


16.2  I 


26.4 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZA8. 


Alacranes 

Bolondr6n 

Cabezas 

Canasi 

C&rdenas 

City  of  OirdefiOH.. 

Carlos  RoJa8 

Colon 

Cuevitas 

Guamacaro 

Jagiiey  Grande 

Jovellanos 

LosCayos 

Macagua 

Macuriges 

Marti 

Matanzas 

City  qf  Malanxwt. . . 

M&ximo-G6mcz 

M4ndez  Capote 

Palmillaa 

Perlco 

Roque  

Sabanilla 

San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos 

Santa  Ana 

Uni6n  de  Reyes 

Thi*  province  ... 


8,110 

66.4 

43.6 

46.3 

6.1 

9,179 

52.8 

47.2 

41.6 

8.6 

6,184 

60.2 

49.8 

71.1 

6.6 

1,993 

54.4 

45.6 

52.1 

4.1 

24,861 

47.2 

62.8 

66.7 

9.3 

iU9iO 

i6.6 

63.5 

H.S 

9.5 

8,174 

60.9 

49.1 

37.1 

6.5 

12,196 

51 

49 

46.8 

6.8 

6.807 

64 

46 

62.3 

6.9 

6,000 

61.6 

48.6 

43.4 

6 

6,863 

62.8 

47.2 

62.8 

7.3 

7,529 

47.5 

62.6 

87.6 

5.5 

374 

79.1 

20.9 

48.9 

40.1 

5,042 

62.9 

47.1 

60.1 

3.8 

10,405 

62.4 

47.6 

88.6 

6.7 

8,531 

64.3 

46.7 

46.2 

3.3 

45,282 

48.4 

61.6 

60.9 

lo 

56,574 

16.5 

5S.S 

57.6 

10 

4,046 

62 

48 

44.2 

3.4 

2,168 

62.3 

87.7 

62.9 

5.8 

7,647 

64.3 

46.7 

48.6 

6.6 

4,449 

55.9 

44.1 

87.3 

6.8 

4,464 

67.7 

42.3 

46 

6.1 

6,205 

51.5 

48.6 

60.5 

7.7 

6,765 

54 

46 

89.6 

9.1 

2,965 

68.2 

46.8 

53.7 

8.5 

6,226 

50.2 

49.8 

42.8 

7.7 

202,441 

51.2 

48.8 

50.7 

7.5 

48.6 
49.8 
23.4 
43.8 
34.0 
36.0 
67.4 
46.4 
40.8 
6a6 
29.9 
66.9 
11.0 
46.1 
64.8 
50.6 
29.1 
Sf.4 
62.4 
41.3 
6a8 
66.9 
48.9 
41.8 
5L4 
87.8 
49.5 


41.8 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SEX,  NATIVITY,   AND   COLOR. 


201 


Tabls  VII. — Percentage  of  popuUUion  by  wa:,  general  nativity ^  and  color — Continued. 

[Figiireft  in  italic  are  included  in  thoee  for  the  province  or  district.] 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Districts. 


Artemisa 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabafias 

Gandelaria 

Con86lHCi6n  del  Norte . . 

Cons61aci6n  del  Sur 

Quanajay 

Guane 

Guayabal 

Julian  Diaz 

LosPalacios 

M4ntua 

Mariel 

PinardelRio 

City  qf  Pinar  del  Rio, 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafios . 

San  Diego  de  Nunez 

San  Juan  y  Martinez. . . . 

San  Luis 

Vifiales 

The  province 


Total 
>pula 
ion. 


popula- 
tio 


9,317 
2,117 
8,853 
4,866 
7,399 

16.665 
8.796 

14,760 
2,710 
1,871 
2,456 
8,366 
8,631 

88,348 
8,890 
4,263 
2,419 
1,137 

14,787 
7,608 

17,700 


173,064 


Sex. 


Nativity  and  color. 


Male. 


Female. 


Native 
whites. 


53.8 
47.4 
65.7 
58.9 
58.8 
51.3 
47.8 
66.9 
53.1 
62.5 
63.1 
45.8 
49.6 
62.3 
a.  9 
53.4 
53.8 
60.3 
65.8 
52.4 
52.8 


46.2 
52.6 
44.3 
46.1 
46.7 
48.7 
62.2 
48.1 
46.9 
47.5 
46.9 
54.2 
50.4 
47.7 
Pi  A 
46.6 
46.2 
49.7 
44.7 
47.6 
47.2 


53 


47 


61.8 

87.9 

84.1 

60.4 

70.7 

59 

64.2 

74.7 

69.4 

66.6 

60 

77.3 

59.2 

67.9 

«.5 

66.2 

72.8 

40.3 

69 

67.9 

72.8 


66.4 


Foreign 
whites. 


5.1 
3 

3.9 
4.6 
4.5 
4. 
7.6 
8 

8.9 
2.5 
3.5 
5.6 
3.9 
7.2 
11.5 
3.6 
3.1 
4 

8.8 
6.8 
6.7 


6.2 


Colored. 


33.1 
59.1 
02.0 
85.0 
24.8 
37.0 
28.2 
17.3 
21.7 
40.9 
36.5 
17.1 
36.9 
24.9 
55. « 
80.2 
24.1 
66.7 
22.2 
25.8 
20.5 


27.4 


PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


CiegodeAvila 

Mor6n 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  qf  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

The  province 


9,801 

60.8 

49.2 

82 

3.2 

9,630 

61.1 

48.9 

87.6 

2 

10,865 

66.8 

43.2 

68.8 

9.4 

68.140 

49.4 

50.6 

73.8 

4.2 

U,10t 

A5.5 

66. 5 

65.8 

5.1 

6,808 

64.4 

45.6 

67.1 

5.6 

88,234 

50.9 

49.1 

75.2 

4.6 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus..^ 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartagena 

Ccja  ae  Pablo 

Cien  f  uegos 

CUy  qf  Cienfuego* 

Cifuentes 

Cnices 

EHperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

guemado  de  QUines 
anchoVeloz 

Ranchnelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Grande 

City  qf  Sagua  Ut  Orande  , 
$^n  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 
8ancti-SpiritU8 

City  qf  Sanrti'SpiritUM  . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  J  uan  de  las  Ycras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . 
Santa  Clara 

City  qf  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  . . 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

CUy  qf  Trbtttdad 

Yaguajay 

The  province 


3,995 

52.9 

47.1 

55.8 

10.1 

8,650 

62.1 

47.9 

66 

12.3 

13,419 

56.3 

43.7 

66.6 

7.6 

14,496 

68 

42 

64.7 

22.3 

6,244 

56.9 

43.1 

61.7 

8  1 

6,961 

60.1 

49.9 

60.2 

3  1 

69,128 

54.4 

45.6 

64.5 

10.8 

SO,  058 

IS.  6 

61.  U 

st.u 

11.6 

8,825 

50.7 

49.3 

64.1 

4.3 

7,953 

62.4 

47.6 

61.3 

9 

7,811 

63.1 

46.9 

71.7 

8.4 

6,527 

64.7 

45.3 

49.6 

8.6 

11,961 

64.2 

45.8 

60.3 

11.8 

8,890 

63.6 

46.4 

64.6 

6.7 

7,632 

53.4 

46.6 

60.8 

6.3 

6,069 

49.8 

50.2 

60.6 

4.6 

9,562 

66.1 

43.9 

66.7 

9.1 

21,342 

61.1 

48.9 

64.9 

9.6 

lt,7t8 

tS.k 

61.6 

55.  U 

8.9 

12,832 

65.5 

44.5 

73 

14.5 

25.709 

46.9 

63.1 

72.9 

2.6 

It, 696 

39.6 

60.  U 

6U.3 

3.1 

6,369 

63.9 

46.1 

76.3 

4 

6,446 

68.1 

41.9 

64.8 

9.2 

6,600 

52.6 

47.5 

78.8 

3.4 

14,833 

61.8 

48.7 

61.3 

9.7 

28,437 

61.3 

48.7 

64.4 

6.9 

13,763 

US.  5 

6L5 

60.1 

6.7 

9,608 

68.4 

41.6 

60.7 

6.9 

10,872 

53 

47 

67.5 

4.2 

24.271 

48.2 

51.8 

56.6 

2.2 

ll,ltO 

U>.6 

69.  U 

i9.t 

t.t 

9,718 

58.3 

41.7 

66.3 

13.4 

356,636 

53 

47 

60.3 

8.4 

14.8 
10.4 
21.8 
22.0 
f9.i 
27.3 


20.2 


34.1 
22.7 
85.8 
23.0 
30.2 
36.7 
34.7 
36.0 
31.6 
39.7 
24.9 
41.9 
27.9 
29.7 
42.9 
34.8 
34.2 
35.6 
35.7 
12.5 
24.6 
3t.6 
19.7 
26.0 
23.3 
29.0 
28.7 
55. « 
43.4 
28.3 
41.2 
U8.6 
80.3 


81.3 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


202  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS    OF   CUBA,   1899. 

Table  Vll. — Perctntiige  of  popiiUiiUm  by  Hejr,  gnunU  natirity,  and  atUtr — Continued. 

PROVINrK  OF  8ASTIA(JO. 
[Fimirps  ill  Italir  are  included  in  thone  for  the  province  or  district] 


DlBtricts. 


Total 

pi>pula- 

tlon. 


Alto  del  Songo 12, 770 

Baracoa 21 ,  W4 

Bayamo 21,  liB 


Campechuelu . 

Caney.. 

(^bre.. 

Cristo.. 

Oibara. 

Guantanaino. 


7,369 
9,126 
10,707 
1.1»4 
31, 5W 
28.063 
Holguin 34.506 


JiKiianl . 
Manzanfllo 


OUv  of  ManziintU  t 
arf. 


Mayi 

Niqaero 

Falma  Boriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Hagua  de  T&namo. 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba  . . 
Ciiy  of  Santiarfft 


10,495 
32.28M 
14,464 
8,504 
2,718 
12,305 
19. 9W 
6,796 
11,681 
45,478 
U5,090 


The  province 327,715 


Sex. 

Nati^ 

Male. 

Female. 

Native   ! 
whiu»«. 

51.1 

48.9 

1 
23.3 

50.8 

49.2 

42.8 

.      48.7 

51.3 

52.4 

65.7 

44.3 

53.9 

60 

40 

28.7 

60.8 

49.2 

21 

47.2 

62.8 

42,7 

51 

49 

76.7 

51.6 

48.4 

25.1 

49.3 

50.7 

85.8 

48.6 

51.4 

88.9 

48.5 

51.5 

66.1 

i6.1 

5U.9 

57.fi 

60.3 

49.7 

60.5 

50.5 

49.5 

68.6 

52 

48 

48.3 

49.7 

60.3 

73.4 

51.3 

48.7 

60.4 

49.7 

50.3 

25.4 

46.4 

.53.6 

W.5 

46.  g 

55.  S 

55.4 

50 

50 

61.20 

Foreign  ,  .vji^-^.^ 
whites.  l*^»"«^- 


1.8 
2.S 
1 

4.3 
18.5 
•2.3 
6.4* 
4.8 
6.9 

'.6 

3.8 

fi.4 

1.6 

2.3 

1 

1.3 

1.4 

4 

7.6 

S 


74.9 
54.4 
46.6 
41.8 
52.8 
7fi.7 
50.9 
18.5 
68.0 
12.2 
40.5 
40.1 
S6.0 
37.9 
29.1 
6a7 
25.3 
38.2 
70.6 
57.9 
56.5 


44.71 


Tablk  Vlir. — Agr  and  nea\ 
[FlgurcH  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Provinces. 


Total 
popula- 
tion. 


Habana I  424,8(M 

CUytif  JMhuiii aX'i,  ysi 

MatanuiN '202, 4M 

PinardclKio 173.0(^4 

Puerto  PrinciiK' |  88,2:M 


Age  and  »ex. 


rnder  5 
yearH. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


15,31215,585 
8,700\  9,091 


Santa  Clara.. 
Santiago. . 


8,073 
8.KW 
5.054 


a56,,^<j«H3,()r>M 


7,995 
7,G81 
4,788 
13.043 


:«7, 71. MO,  274  15,882 


Cuba 1,572, 797,65, 904  64,974 


5  to  17  years. 


Male. 


63,56C 
50,(5/5 
33,530 
32,741 
17,197 
(a,  637 
06.214 


Fe- 
male. 


64,127 


16,»40 
63,45'. 


18  to  20 
years. 


Male. 


16,069 


15,612 
5^,fiS|  8,6SS  H,05t 

6,628  7,527 

7,162 

2,?27 

12,706 

65,67410,05011.614 


33,939 
31,915  7,064 


2,467 
12,249 


•276, 881  276, 047154, 427  67, 148 


Fe- 
male, 


21  to  44 
yearn. 


Male. 


96,578 
5r,5Sf 
35,690 
32,725 
18,081 
70,937 
49.804 


Fe- 
male. 


77,508 

33,969 
26,944 
12,449 
66.420 

48,872 


•297,765256,167 


45  years  and 
over. 


Male. 


469 

9es 

905 
025 
160 
176 
508 


120,228 


Fi- 
male. 


30,0»7 
IS,  .140 
15.288 
7,674 
6,431 
21,858 
•21.928 


103.266 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Catalina 

Ceiba  del  Agua 

Guanabacoa 

City  qf  auauaUiciHi  .  I 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AOR    AND   SEX. 


203 


Tablb  VIII. — A(jt'  and  aex — Continueil. 

PROVINCE  OF  HA  BAN  A— Continued. 

[PigureH  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Distriotfl. 


Guara 

Guines 

Quira  dc  Melena 

Habana  

CUy  of  Ifabaiui 

Isla  de  Pinoa 

Jaruco 

Madruga 

Managua 

Marianao  

Melena  del  Snr 

Neu  va  Paz 

Pipian 

Qiiivican 

R€|gla 

Salud  

San  Antonio  de  la8  Ve- 
gas   

San  Antonio  de  los 
Bafto8 

San  Felipe 

San  Jocie  de  las  Lajas . . . 

San  N  icolas 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte. . . 

Santa  Mariadel  Rosario. 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas  . . 

Tapaste 

Vereda  Nueva 

The  province 


Total 
popula- 
tion. 


M»le.JJS,. 


1,835 

11.394 

11,M8 

242,056 

flS6,981 

3.199 

4,076 

3,744 

2,887 

8,593 

3,207 

7,761 

1,101 

2,423 

11.363 

3,293 

1,856 

12,631 
1,915 
4,154 
4,568 
2,965 
2,730 

10,276 
1,551 
2,416 


424,804 


Age  and  sex. 


Under  5 
years. 


61 

309 

454 

8,909 

8,700 

195 

112 

96 

»i 

341 

106 

287 

17 

82 

444 

106 


496 
73 

136 

142 
68 
84 

392 
36 
82 


15,312 


66 
298 
403 
9,292 
9,091 
158 
102 
117 
108 
313 
116 
296 
26 
71 
445 
108 


470 
66 

116 

167 
78 
59 

407 
31 


15,585 


5  to  17  years. 


Male. 


391 

1,962 

2,033 

31,630 

30,616 

547 

826 

666 

674 

1,296 

601 

1,317 

210 

449 

1,787 


2, 167 
309 
769 
M7 
550 
495 

1,579 
285 
488 


Fe- 
male. 


Male. 


318 

1,990 

1, 

33,123 
5f,2/S 
528 
757 
690 
517 

1,300 
570 

1,349 
215 
468 

1.842 
604 

337 

2,147 
338 
764 
719 
496 
502 

1,635 
272 


18  to  20 
years. 


21  to  44 
years. 


Fe-     w_,-       Fe- 
male.  *'*'*^-    male. 


76 
403 
588 
8,914 
8,638 
106 
159 
139 
126 
328 

96 
200 

43 

90 
374 
151 


83 

529 

427 

8.254 

8,052 

97 
154 
162 
127 
296 
144 
297 

46 

89 
394 
133 


63.562  64.127 


09 

5371 
50 
130 
161 
124 
117 
380 
71 
106 


514 
59 
186 
182 
137 
130 
394 
68 
85 


16,06915,512 


317 

2,210 

2.547 

58.880 

57,38t 

671 

790 

621 

564 

1.881 

591 

1.385 

241 

443 

2.304 

692 

310 

2.596 
312 
704 
990 
603 
531 

2,170 
362 
455 


96,578 


45  years  and 
over. 


Male. 


330 

2,076 

1,710 

45.931 

45,  Off 

473 

711 

708 

451 

1,446 

553 

1.418 

182 

4*23 

2.134 

521 

318 

2,086 
368 
765 
680 
493 
465 

1.837 
271 
421 


77,503 


80 
821 
864 
18,442 
17,993 
263 
266 
285 
191 
r36 
256 
639 
71 
172 
856 
182 

122 


135 
301 
403 
258 
183 
749 
95 
166 


Fe- 
male. 


31,409 


83 
776 
636 
18,680 
18,SUi 
161 
200 
265 
140 
656 
174 
567 
50 
136 
783 
140 


783 
145 
283 
277 
158 
164 
733 
60 
132 


;».087 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemiaa 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabanas 

Candelaria 

Consolaclon  del  Norte 
Consolacion  del  Sur  . . 


9,817 

296 

280 

1,732 

1,561 

405 

396 

1.933 

1.574 

645 

2, 117 

82 

86 

387 

391 

49 

96 

328 

SM 

157 

3,853 

102 

97 

615 

5T2 

166 

123 

834 

633 

4-26 

4,866 

156 

141 

964 

882 

208 

183 

992 

823 

300 

7,399 

362 

338 

1.549 

1.496 

326 

;J23 

1,3'29 

1,072 

379 

16,665 

755 

7ft5 

3.278 

3.242 

673 

726 

2.805 

2,626 

1.044 

494 
157 
285 
215 
221 
757 


Digitized  by 


Google 


204 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  VIII. — Age  and  ttejr — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 
[Figtires  In  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Total 

Age  and  sex. 

Under  5 
yearn. 

6  to  17 

years. 

18  to  20 
years. 

21  to  44 
years. 

45  years  and 
over. 

Male. 

370 

549 

91 

60 

77 

880 

130 

2,252 

i06 

122 

74 

39 

736 

426 

1,073 

Fe- 
male. 

354 

499 

90 

64 

74 

344 

145 

2,127 

WO 

101 

89 

47 

630 

405 

1,00& 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

«»'-mSfe. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Guanajay 

8,796 
14,760 
2,710 
1,871 
2,456 
8.366 
3,631 
38,ai3 

8,sao 

4,263 
2,419 
1,137 

14,787 
7,608 

17,700 

1,620 

2,798 

521 

400 

498 

1,631 

619 

7,022 

l,3li 

836 

490 

202 

2,873 

1,457 

8,349 

1,562 

2,585 

493 

380 

466 

1,629 

614 

6,999 

i,S6S 

827 

421 

186 

2,689 

1,431 

3,500 

257 

399 

1,455 

3,669 

487 

345 

603 

1,741 

636 

6,774 

1,651 

886 

606 

169 

2,W2 

1,331 

3,160 

1,675 

2,165 
421 
284 
401 

1,207 
662 

6,936 

ijeu 

714 

399 

174 

2,141 

1.179 

2,474 

603 
771 
202 
103 
124 
410 
296 

2,606 
Sd9 
233 
125 
129 
920 
490 

1,062 

611 

Guane 

713 
138 

76 
101 
875 
122 
1,428 
t88 
200 
105 

83 
699 
285 
706 

637 
122 
82 
131 
370 
138 
1,539 
4*7 
205 
96 
36 
576 
295 
695 

474 

Guayabal 

145 

Julian  Diaz 

78 

Los  Palaclos 

81 

Mantua 

279 

Mariel 

270 

Plnar  del  Rio 

1,660 

CUyqfPinardelJiw. 
San  CriBtobal 

470 
140 

Han  Diego  de  los  Bafloet. 

Ban  Di(^o  dc  Nufiez 

San  Juan  yMartines 

San  Luis 

115 
1-24 

582 
310 

Vinales 

676 

The  province 

173,064 

8,188 

7,681 

32,741 

31,916  7,064 

7,162  32,726 

26.944 

11.025 

7,C74 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila 

9,801 
9,630 
10,356 
63.140 

25,  lot 
6,308 

678 

638 

626 

3,049 

1,181 
368 

601 

487 

471 

2,987 

1,171 
842 

2,178 
2,166 
1,792 
9,970 

3,909 
1,092 

2,180 
2,088 
1,763 
9,877 

U,508 
1,062 

262 

811 

1,334 
1,311 
2,188 
7,376 

S.316 

1,294 
1,300 
1,332 
7,928 

A,  675 
595 

632j'        536 
63?        519 

Moron 

276      814 
856       806 

Nuevitas 

1,027         596 

Puerto  Principe 

Cit^  of  Puerto  PHh- 

1,410 

610 
164 

1,629 
918 

4,420     4,491 
1,896     t,918 

Santa  (Jruz  del  Sur 

167j        822 

439(        .287 

The  province 

88,234 

5,054 

4.788 

17,197 

16,940 

2.4i57 

2,727   13,031 

12,449 

7,150i     6,431 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Ahreus 

Caitmrien 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartegena 

Cejadel'ablo 

Cienfuegos 

CUyo/CienSutgm... 

Cifuentea 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetaa 

Quemado  de  Guinea 

Rancho  Veloz 

Ranehuelo 

Rodns  

Sagua  la  Grande 

Oily    qf   Sagua    la 

Grande 

San    Antonio    de    las 

Vueltaa 

Sanctl  Spiritus 

Cityo/SanctiShpirilu» 
San  Diego  del  Valle . 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras.. 
San  Juan  de  los  Reme- 
dies   

Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Ciara. . 
SanU  Isabel  de  las  Lajas 

Santo  Domingo 

Tinidad 

CilyqfTrintdad.. 
Yaguajay 

The  province.. 


8,995 
8,650 
18,419 
14,495 
6,244 
6,954 
69,128 
30,038 
3,825 
7,953 
7,811 
6,627 
11,961 
8,890 
7,632 
5,059 
9,662 
21,342 

lt,7S8 

12,832 
25.709 
It, 696 
5,369 
6,445 
6,600 

14,833 
28,437 
13,763 

9,603 
10,372 
24,271 
ll,ltO 

9,718 


356,636 


168 
439 
476 
647 
192 
391 
2,254 
1,£^ 
156 
262 
237 
270 
418 
390: 
317, 
IHl' 
:«7 
822 


180 
406 
458 
676 
216 
376 
2,214 
1,30U 
143 
270 
215 
251 
416' 
316 
337 
186 
413 


I 


478 
793, 
370 
171 
207 
213 

633 
843 
UU 
248 
345 
925 
U78 
436 


13,068 


491 
8T7 
1,56 
134 
206 
l»l 

576 
782 
i30 
264 
292 
934 
505 
431 


13,043 


679 
1,607 
2,811 
2,470 
1,107 
1,292 
9,978 
U,6Jia 

715 
1,305 
1,624 
1,125 
2,167 
1,689 
1,343 

933 
1,735 
3,613 

t,07U 

2,492 
6,068 
t,S0t[ 
1,006 
1,275 
1,124 

2,469 
6,146 
t,t17\ 
1,679 
1,849 
4,627 
1,8U 
1,?20 


762' 
1,677 
2,200 
2,866 
1,087 
1,334 
9,776 
5,1U 

703 
1,422 
1,460 
1,149 
2,173 
IJ 

1,; 

1,020 
1,693 
3,746 

t.31i 

2,345 
5,206 
t,S7t 
960 
1,180 
1,110 

2,666 
6.164 
t,5t8 
1,448 
1,920 
4,502 
t,Ul 
1,670 


63, 637 1  63,462 


116 
263 
471 
634 
226 
177 
2,084 
960 
84 
240 
306 
213 
402 
804 
196 
145 
347 


519 
709 
t83 
186 
253 
205 

493 
1,062 

U8 
477 
338 
746 
256 
395j 


427 
222 
281 


161 
291 
815 
236 
372 
306 
270 

825 
790 


427 
881 
515 
218 
197 
212 

514 
1,096 
595 
341 
381 
1,010 
530 
300 


12,24912,706 


776 
1,629 
2,897 
3,623 
1,514 
■958 
12.8271 
5,677  • 

676' 
1.590; 
1,694 
1,308 
2,496; 
1.6041 
1,291 

915 
2,066 
3,997 


634 
1.339 
2,020^ 
2,091 

894 
1.022 
9,357 
5,51,3 

672 
1,290 
1,307 

889 
1,901 
1,414 
1,047 

861 
1,295 
3,621 


t,129\    t,315 


2,766 
3,613 
1,108 
1,167 
1,616 
1,061 

2,836 
5,694 
2,373 
2,309 
2,125 
3,733 
1,362 
2,308 


70,987 


1,906 

4,306 

2,539 

906 

831 


2,876 
6,010 
2,813 
1,433 
1,716 
4,199 
2,296 
1,294 


3*U 

6»W 

1,398 

1,133 

515 

668! 

5,030 

t,07S 

3071 

773 

485 

6531 

1.0081 

815 

877 

847 

862' 

1,915 


1,110 

1,86:1 

747| 
366; 
491 
345 

1,274' 

1,838 

790\ 


1,757, 
6061 

805 


207 
523 
091 
628 
278 
606 
3.546 
2,281 
218 
610 
379 
433 
018 
494 
516 
278 
469 
1.386 

916 

5*2 
2,392 

^^S 
289 
256 

1,107 

1,801 

1,137 

511 

568 

1,968 

1,132 

459 


66,420  29.176  21.858 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AGE   AND   SEX. 


205 


Table  VIII. — Age  and  sex. — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  fir  diKtricu] 


Districts. 


Alto  Songo 

Baracoa 

Bayamo 

Campechuela 

Caney 

Cobre 

Criflto 

Qibara 

Quantanamo 

Holguin 

Jiquani 

^anzanillo 

City  of  ManzaniUij . . 

Mayari 

Niquero 

Pauna  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

City  of  Santiago  de 


Total 


.\ge  und  8cx. 


Under  5    I 
years. 


5  to  17  years. 


18  to  20 
years. 


21  to  44 


45  years  and 
over. 


Male. 


12,7701 

21,944 

21,193 

7,369 

9,126' 

10,707 

1,1941 

31,594 

28,0631 

34,506, 

10,496' 

32,288, 

8.5(M 
2,718 
12,305 
19,9^ 
5,796 
11,681 
45,478 

ltS,090 


696 
1,509 
1,231 
356 
322 
6071 


Fe- 
male. 


Male. 


652 
1,391 1 
1,166| 


322' 
5711 
331  44 
l,594i  1,5231 
1,144  l,206i 
1,942'  1,797 
5601  572 
1,494  1,578 
66S 


The  province !    327, 715 


600. 
173, 
619' 
1,131 
337, 
543' 


492 
139' 
565 
,096' 
338 
572 


1,493   1.524 
1,955   1,387 


16,274 


15,882 


2,637 
4,404 
4,755 
1.522 
1,594 
2.035 

244 
6,760 
5,159 
7,363 
2,a55 
6,617 
g,651 
1,877 

592 
2,679 
4,310 
1,313 
2,424 
7,574 


66,-214 


Fe- 
male. 


Male- 


Fe- 
male. 


2,520 
4,308 
4,701; 
1,343 
1.6071 
2.057 

248 
6,517 
4,978 
7,200 
2,387 
6,693 
i,917 
1.814 

582 
2,609 
4,339 
1,242 
2,400 
8,329 


583| 
6161 


Male. 


298 
327| 

23  38i 
1,012  1,1(M' 
825  916| 
93li  1,274 
341,  351t 
998  1,2001 
UfS      6S8\ 


2481 
69, 
457' 
666, 

18l| 

354 

l,424l 


285' 
91| 
434, 
750! 
207 
4a5 
,795 


7,847    1,SW   1,709 


65,674110,050 


11,514 


1,809 
3,332 
2,395 
1,456 
2,649 
1,571 

192 
4,889 
5,015 
4.599 
1,160 
4.658 
2,  if 5 
1,132 

384 
1,656 
2,606 

808 
1,586 
7,908 

7,569 


49,8(M 


Fe- 
male. 


Male. 


1,749 
3,171 
2,792 

9721 
1.130 
1,442 

211 ! 
4.&13. 
4,373' 
5,054. 
1,396* 
4,8861 

1,172 
398 
1,593 
2,678 
760 
1,710 
8,742 

8,iOS 


Fe- 
male. 


48,872 


984 

1,313 

1,314 

475 

615 

903 

71' 

1,8711 

2,3331 

2.185i 

698 

1,899| 

7U 

523> 

155 

985 

1,228 

834 

898 

2,719 


1.250 

1.513 

378 

440 

829 

90 

1,681 

2,115 

2, 161 

685 

2,265 

461 
135 
808 

1,179 
276 
789 

3,970 

S,8t» 


21,503   21,928 


Digitized  by 


Google 


206 


REPORT   ON   THK   CENSUS   OK   CUBA,   1899. 


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12,234 

77,456 

76.170 

82,075 

20,743 

10.996 

81.096 

86.688 

81,064 

26,369 

21,886 

14,890 

10,802 

6,640 

6.856 

2,862 

1.699 

662 

mi 

96 
63 
80 

8 
24 

i 

3 

12,011 
8,362 
11,761 
16,104 
17,736 
1U,328 
107,660 
67,074 
86.615 
20,533 
68,418 
64,199 
54,789 
46.716 
38.066 
26,727 
26,706 
14,676 
16,608 
6.468 

2,218 
2,868 
650 
663 
287 
178 
28 

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1 

s 

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i 

Under  lyear 

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2  years 

8  years 

4  years 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years *. 

15  to  17  years 

18  to  19  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

45  to  49  years 

60  to  54  years , 

66  to  69  years 

70  to  74  years 

85  to  89  years 

90  to  94  years 

95  to  99  years ^ 

100  years 

Unknown 

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218 


REPORT   ON   THE   OEN8178   OF  CtTBA,  1899. 


Tablk  X.— Birthplace. 
[Figrures  in  italic  are  included  in  thoae  for  the  prorince  or  diotrict.] 


Pmvince. 

Totidpopa- 
Utlon!^ 

Cuba. 

Spate. 

Other 
coontriei. 

Unknovn. 

Hatmna  ...........  , ... 

484,804 

208,444 
178,064 
88,284 
866,586 
827,716 

840,122 

178yfi« 

180,4U 
82,082 
817,248 
8U,041 

a,  487 
40,8M 

Km 

MK2M 
8.505 
28,886 
11,870 

14.107 
10,  U6 
0.791 
2.800 
1,687 
10,805 
4,896 

86 

City  of  HdbcoM               

MaUnns 

pin4«r<1H  Rio. 

Puerto  Principe 

Banta  Clara  .r 

Hfintiaffo 

Cuba 

1,672.787 

1,400,262 

120,240 

43,207 

S 

PROVmCB  OF  BABAMA. 


District 


Total  popu- 
lation. 


Cuba. 


Spain. 


Other 
countries. 


UnkDovQ. 


Aguacate 

Alquisar 

Bainoa 

Batabano 

BauU 

Bejucal 

Cano 

Casiffuas 

Catiuina 

Ceibadel  Agua 

Quanabacoa 

City  qf  Quanabacoa . . . 

Quara 

Giiincs 

GuimdeMelena 

Habana  

CUyofHabana 

Islade  Pfnoa 

jaruco 

Mad  ruga 

Managua 

Marianao 

Melina  del  8ur 

NuevaPax 

Pipian 

Quivican 

R^la 

SaUid 

San  Antonio  de  las  V^as 
San  Antonio  de  loe  Bancs 

San  Felipe 

San  Jose  do  las  Lajas 

San  Nicolas 

Santa  Crux  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario. . 
Santiago  de  las  Vegas. . . . 

Tapaste 

VeiedaNueva 

The  province 


8,168 
8,746 
1,725 
6,608 
5,142 
6,756 
4.210 
1.004 
2.718 
2.107 

20.080 

13,965 
1.835 

11,304 

11,548 
248,056 
t55,981 
8,100 
4,076 
8,744 
2,887 
8.50S 
8,207 
7,761 
1,1(M 
2.428 

H.86B 
8.293 
1,855 

12.681 
1,015 
4,154 
4,568 
2.965 
2.780 

10,276 
1,551 
2.416 


2.960 

196 

67 

7.849 

797 

100 

1.688 

73 

U 

^666 

884 

188 

4^686 

481 

75 

6.818 

S?2 

71 

8,784 

872 

54 

974 

21 

9 

2.555 

144 

19 

2,021 

UO 

17 

18.400 

1.277 

40B 

It, 700 

dOB 

S6S 

1.742 

79 

H 

10,888 

807 

196 

10,196 
188,604 

1.162 
47.700 

190 
10,605 

m,m 

IS,  866 

10,  m 

2,990 

195 

14 

8,843 

205 

28 

8  472 

228 

44 

2,767 

liO 

U 

5;  171 

808 

6H 

8,024 

118 

68 

7.214 

858 

180 

1,064 

32 

6 

2,260 

145 

19 

9>536 

1,430 

898 

8,100 

186 

7 

1,794 

54 

7 

11.866 

1.145 

120 

1,760 

116 

40 

8  867 

179 

;             108 

4.246 

209 

118 

2.762 

182 

81 

2.544 

108 

88 

8,828 

1,080 

181 

l,4r9 

60 

12 

2,8U 

96 

9 

424,804 


849,122 


61,487 


14,107 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Alacranes 

Bolondron 

Cabezaa 

Canasl 

Cardenas 

CUyof  Oardauu 

Carlos  Rojas 

Colon 

Cueyitas 

Guamacaro 

JagOey  Grande 

Jovellanos 

Macagua 

Macuriges 

Marti 

Matanzas 

City  of  MatansoB 


8,110 

7,181 

471 

458 

9,179 

7,885 

776 

618 

5,184 

4,803 

284 

97 

1,993 

1,820 

80 

98 

24,861 

21,874 

^2,166 

831 

tl,9iO 

19,t63 

1,9S9 

7IS 

8,174 

2,797 

171 

206 

12,195 

10,719 

763 

718 

6,807 

6,126 

874 

807 

6.000 

6,836 

858 

806 

5,858 

6,282 

885 

186 

7,629 

6,606 
4;  617 

890 

441 

5,042^ 

186 

289 

10,405 

9,174 

689 

642 

8,905 

7.711 

888 

806 

46,282 

40,026 

3,906 

1,860 

se,m 

SB,  107 

s,oei 

1,M6 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


BIBTBPIiAOE. 


219 


Tablb  X. — Birthptace — Continued. 
[Figures  in  italic  arc  included  In  those  for  the  proTlnce  or  district.] 


DlBtrlct. 

Total  popu- 
laUonT 

Cnha. 

Spain. 

Other 
countries. 

Unknown. 

Mflxlxno  QoBOsz 

4,046 
2,168 
7,647 
4449 
4,4M 

;    ^;^ 

i          B,2» 

8,667 
1,981 
6,616 
8,754 
8,847 
4,510 
5,886 
2,639 
4,685 

182 
124 
406 
244 
228 
891 
696 
248 
887 

257 
108 

894 
804 
884 
78 
154 

Mendez  Caoote 

Palmlllas... 

Perico 

ItoQue 

SabaniUa 

San  Jose  de  Ion  Ramos. , . , r 

*"    

Santa  Ana 

Union  de  Revw  - r 

The  provhsce 

,      202,411; 

178,624 

14,127 

9,798 

PROVINCE  OP  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabanas 

Candelaria 

Consolaciondel  Norte.. 

Gonsolaciondel  Sur 

Guanajay 

Guane 

Guayabal 

Julian  Dias :.. 

LosPalaclos^ 

Mantua 

Mariel 

PinardelRio 

CUv  of  Pinar  dd  JUo 

San  Cmtobal ..., 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafios  , 

San  Diego  de  Nufiez 

San  Juan  y  Martinez. . . . 

San  Luis 

Vinales 

TheproTince 


9,817 
2,117 
8,858 
4,866' 
7,89^ 

16,665 
8,796 

14, 7W 
2,710" 
1,871 
2,466 
8,866 
3.681 

88,349 
8,88lh 
4,268 
2,419 

i,m 

14.787 
7,608 
17,700 


178,064 


8,74T 
2,012 
8.448 
4,628 
7,019 

15,808 
8,006 

18,584 
2,488 
1,809 
2,880 
7,887 
8,870 

85,148 
7JS» 
4,096 
2,827 
1,082 

13,868 
7,078 

16,414 


160»460 


450 

60 

148 

217 

830 

617 

602 

1,161 

286 

46 

85 

468 

183 

2,515 

8t9 

141 

74 

46 

1,286 

468 

1,177 


10,254 


128 

45 

267 

26 

60 

246 

166 

66 

86 

16 

41 

16 

126 

660 

S19 

29 

18 

60 

168 

67 

109 


2,866 


PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


CiegodeAyila , 

Moron 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe , 

CUyqf  Puerto  Principe.. 
Santa  Crui  del  Sur 


The  province . 


9,801 

9,680 

10,866 

63,140 

6,808 


I8,23i 


9,462 
9,422 
8,926 
60,202 

4,971 


82,962 


271 
187 
902 
1,963 
1,157 
282 


3,595 


68 
21 
528 
966 

56 


1,657 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  OLARA. 


Abreus 

Calbarien 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartagena' 

C^ade  Pablo 

Clenfuegor 

Cfiv  qf  (Kenfwegos 

Cifuentes 

Graces 

nperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

Quemado  de  Guincs 

Kancho  Velos 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Grande 

Cfity  of  Oagua  la  Orande . 
San  Antonio  de  laa  Vueltas 
Sancti  Splrltus 

cay  ofSancU  SpirUut. . . 
San  Diego  del  VaUe 


8,996 

8,660 

18,419 

1<495 

6,244 

6  964 

69,128 

SO,  058 

8,826 

^058 

7^811 

6,527 

11,961 

8,890 

7,582 

6,069 

9,662 

21,842 

lt,7t8 

12,832 

26,709 

It,  696 

6,869 


3,881 

382 

232 

7,411 

i,oir 

222 

11,817 

990 

612 

19,822 

8,167 

506 

6,631 

502 

111 

6,466 

208 

286 

61,119 

6,914 

2,096 

f6,0C9 

$,188 

888 

8,686 

162 

78 

6,802 

686 

466 

7,470 

249 

92 

6,707 

543 

277 

10,280 

1,861 

820 

8,011 

492 

887 

6,783 

453 

816 

4,710 

230 

119 

8,404 

792 

866 

18,498 

1,941 

903 

lUt85 

1,068 

A75 

10,775 

1,K53 

201 

24,626 

603 

481 

If,  170 

54P 

177 

6,067 

209 

93 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


220 


REPORT   ON   THE   CEN8U8   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  X. — Birthplace — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLA&A-<;oiitixiaed. 

[Figure!  in  iUUic  are  included  in  thooe  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 


Total  popu- 


Cuba. 


Spain. 


Other 
countries. 


Unknown. 


San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios. 
Santa  Clara 

City  qf  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Lsabel  de  las  Lsjas . . 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

CUu  qf  Trinidad 

Yaguajay 

The  province , 


6,445 

5,600 
14,888 
28,487 
1SJ6S 

9,608 
10,372 
24,271 
IhltO 

9,718 


856,586 


5,754 
5,880 
12,972 
26,094 
If.tfSA 
8,724 
9,680 
28,286 
10,765 
8,140 


665 
188 
1,878 
1,762 
7t8 
555 
419 
480 

mu 

1,282 


106 
32 
483 
561 
561 
824 
323 
555 
161 
296 


817,248 


28,896 


10  A 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


AltoSongo 

Baraooa 

Bayamo 

Campechuela 

Caney  

Cobre 

Cristo 

Qibara 

Ouantanamo 

Holguin 

Jiguani 

Manxanlllo 

City  qfManzaniUo 

Mayari 

Niquero 

Palma  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

City  qf  Santiago  de  Cuba 

The  province 


12,770 
21,944 
21,198 
7,869 
9,126 
10,707 
1,194 
81,594 
28,063 
34,606 
10,495 
82,288 

8,504 
2,718 
12,805 
19,984 
5,796 
11,681 
45,478 
ia,090 


827,715 


12,487 

21,291 

20,941 

7,015 

7,800 

10,384 

1,106 

29,912 

25,802 

83,746 

10,425 

80.904 

8,363 
2,649 
12,156 
19,651 
5,708 
11,134 
40,967 
58,607 


8U,941 


191 

665 

195 

295 

1,544 

198 

64 

1,381 

1,602 

627 

60 

1,086 

7S0 

109 

56 

122 

254 

78 

487 

2,665 

9,66U 


11,879 


92 

88 

67 

59 

282 

125 

24 

301 

659 

133 

10 

348 

t5U 

82 

13 

27 

79 

10 

UO 

1,946 

l,9t9 


4,895 


Tablb  XI. — Birthplace^  bcx,  and  race, 
CUBA. 


Countries  of 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Vemt^e. 

Cuba 

1,400,262 
1,108 
1,712 
752 
108 
1,108 
6.«4 

129,240 

588 

87 

41 

284 

1,279 

501 

114 

64 

650 

12,963 

9 

14,863 

8 

528 

88 

675,514 

519 

926 

409 

56 

417 

4,504 

83 

107,418 

389 

28 

82 

229 

853 

890 

90 

46 

426 

7,668 

7 

14,814 

7 

403 

42 

724,748 

689 

786 

848 

52 

691 

1,940 

23 

21,822 

199 

14 

9 

55 

426 

111 

24 

18 

224 

5,296 

2 

49 

1 

126 

16 

910,244 

789 

669 

694 

95 

992 

5,645 

42 

129,100 

424 

87 

41 

284 

1,256 

199 

90 

55 

637 

56 

6 

249 

4 

434 

55 

447.345 

891 

302 

380 

48 

869 

3,935 

22 

107,329 

279 

23 

82 

229 

840 

389 

76 

43 

419 

45 

5 

249 

3 

832 

28 

462,899 

898 

867 

314 

47 

J23 

1,710 

20 

21,771 

145 

14 

9 

66 

416 

110 

14 

12 

218 

11 

1 

490,018 

819 

1,043 

58 

18 

116 

799 

14 

140 

164 

228,160 
128 
624 

29 
8 

48 
669 

11 

89 
110 

261,849 

191 

419 

29 

5 

68 

230 

8 

51 

64 

Porto  Rico 

West  Indies 

South  America... 
Central  America . 

Mexico 

United  States 

Spain 

£!hgland 

Ireland '.. 

ScoUand ^... 

Germany 

France  

23 
2 

24 
9 

18 
12,897 

14,614 

94 
33 

13 
1 

14 
8 
7 
7,613 
2 
14,566 
4 

71 

14 

10 
6 
6 

Italy 

Porti^l 

Scanmnavla 

Other  Europe 

Africa. ....\! 

Australia 

5,284 

China 

1 
49 

Japan  

1 
102 
27 

Other  countries  .. 
Unknown 

28 

19 

Cuba 

1,572,797 

815,205 

757,592 

1,062,897 

563,  U8 

489,284 

620,400 

252,092 

268,808 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


BIBTHPLAOE,  SEX,   AND   KACE. 
Table  XI. — Birthplace^  seXy  and  race — Continued. 


221 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Countries  of 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Cobft 

849,122 

615 

283 

457 

33 

846 

4,178 

24 

61,487 

272 

18 

24 

190 

642 

834 

45 

85 

243 

1,799 

6 

3,848 

213 

88 

162,664 

242 

121 

228 

19 

297 

2,762 

13 

49, 7M 

169 

8 

18 

153 

855 

243 

88 

22 

168 

769 

6 

3,810 

1 

159 

42 

186,468 

873 

162 

229 

14 

549 

1,426 

11 

11,783 

103 

10 

6 

37 

287 

91 

7 

13 

85 

1,030 

1 

38 
1 

M 
46 

243,564 

459 

217 

434 

30 

768 

3,638 

20 

61,426 

216 

18 

24 

190 

638 

338 

38 

82 

241 

15 

5 

52 

1 

176 

55 

116,810 

195 

84 

217 

17 

268 

2,387 

10 

49,671 

128 

8 

18 

153 

862 

243 

82 

22 

157 

11 

4 

52 

126,764 

264 

133 

217 

13 

600 

1,251 

10 

11,756 

88 

10 

6 

37 

286 

90 

6 

10 

84 

4 

1 

106,558 

166 

66 

23 

3 

78 

640 

4 

61 

66 

45,854 
47 
87 
11 
2 
29 
366 
8 
33 
41 

59,704 

109 

29 

12 

1 
49 

Porto  Rioo 

West  Indie* 

South  America... 
Central  America . 
Mexico 

United  States 

Oftuada       

175 
1 

Spain 

28 

Ifrff1«nd.     . 

15 

Trpl^^nd 

8mtiartd 

G^*nnanr 

France  

4 

1 
7 
8 
2 

1,784 
1 

3,796 

87 
83 

8 

1 

Italy 

1 

Portucal 

6 

1 

Scandinavia 

3 

Other  £ifrope 

Africa...... 

1 

768 

1 

3,758 

26 
14 

1 
1.026 

Australia 

China 

38 

Japan 

Other  cooiUrles... 
Unknown 

1 

43 
27 

133 

28 

11 
19 

Theprorince. 

424,804 

221,990 

202,814 

812,590 

171,000 

141,690 

112.214 

60,990 

61,224 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Cuba 

178,624 

71 

22 

60 

5 

70 

539 

14 

14,127 

87 

4 

3 

17 

133 

84 

13 

85,121 
38 

7 
40 

1 

20 
395 

8 

11,070 

23 

4 

2 
11 
95 
29 
10 

98,408 
88 
16 
20 
4 
60 
144 
6 
8,057 
14 

102,682 

48 

20 

57 

4 

59 

606 

11 

14,116 

36 

4 

8 

17 

133 

84 

8 

60,824 

26 

6 

87 

52,358 

23 

14 

20 

4 

43 

134 

6 

3,051 

18 

75,842 

23 

2 

3 

1 

11 

83 

3 

11 

1 

84,797 
8 
1 
3 
1 
4 
23 
2 
6 

41,  M6 
16 

1 

Porto  Rioo 

W€«t  Indies 

South  America... 
Central  America . 

Mexico 

United  Statea 

Canada      

16 
372 

6 

11,065 

23 

4 

2 
11 
96 
29 

7 

7 

10 

1 

Spain 

6 

En^l^fi^ 

1 

1n>1«nf|       

(W^and           ..   . 

1 
6 
38 
6 
8 

1 
6 
88 
6 

1 

OennanT         .... 

France 

ItalT 

Porioffa) 

6 

3 

2 

ScanSnaTia 

Other  Europe 

Africa. ....V. 

66 
4,898 

39 
2,6U 

17 
1,882 

55 
3 

89 
2 

16 
1 

1 
4,390 

"i'edi" 

1 
1,881 

AustiatiA 

diJna 

70 

68 

8 

64 
8 
64 

64 
3 
44 

4.186 

4,182 

8 

Jantn 

OtlMrooun^ea  .. 

12 

10 

16 

14 

2 

The  province. 

202,444 

108,726 

98,718 

117,917 

62,174 

66,743 

84,«27 

41,562 

42,976 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Cuba 

160,460 
26 
9 
20 
1 

28 

118 

♦8 

10,254 

6 

6 

80,727 
17 
6 
16 
1 
11 
91 
2 
9,098 

8 

79,728 

4 
6 

114,907 

21 

5 

20 

1 

24 

112 

2 

10,247 

6 

6 

58,678 

14 

2 

16 

1 

7 

86 

1 

9,092 

8 

66,884 

8 
6 

45,648 

4 

22,154 
8 

28,380 
1 

PdrtoRloo 

Westlndiea 

South  Afnerir*,^^, 

r^vtrai  Afn4*rir4^  . 

Mexico 

United  SUtea 

Cfuiada 

17 

27 

1 

1,166 

1 
2 

17 

26 

1 

1,166 

2 

4 

6 

1 
7 

4 
6 
1 
6 

i 

Spain 

1 

BKland 

Iieland.       ...... 

%Hrt1and 

Qwrm^ny .          .... 

8 
81 
29 

2 

8 
72 
26 

2 

8 
80 
29 

2 

8 
71 
26 

2 

nance 

9 
8 

9 
8 

1 

1 

Italy 

ftKiaia.: 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


222 


BBPOBT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tasub  hi. — Birthplace,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAB  X>lSh  JUO-Oontiniied. 


Cknmfcrieflof 

BothclaaMs. 

White, 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male.  . 

Female. 

Total. 

Hale. 

Ilemale. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

6cAndlnaTiA ...... 

2 

120 

1,319 

2 
81 
945: 

.2 
120 
17 

2 
81 
17 

Other  Europe  .... 

89 
874 

89 

Africa 

1,802 

928 

874 

Australia 

China 

676 

573 

8 

12 

12 

564 

601 

8 

Japan 

Other  countries... 
Unknown 

14 

10 

4 

11 

8 

8 

3 

2 

1 



The  pfovinoe. 

173,064 

91,688 

81,876 

125,625 

68,020 

57,606 

47,489 

28.668 

23,771 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Cuba J 

82,982 

24 

117 

23 

7 

17 

248 

2 

3^595 

25 

2 

4 

7 

80 
4 
4 

40,870 
16 
75 
14 
8 
9 
204 

'"8*i76' 
16 
2 
4 
5 
24 
4 
2 

42,612 
8 

42 
9 
4 
8 

44 

2 

419 

9. 

66,849 
20 
65 
21 
7 
16 
237 

2 

4 
7 
29 
4 

1 

82,575 
12 
85 
12 
8 
9 
194 

*'*3,i73' 
10 
2 
4 
5 
28 
4 
1 

88,774 
8 
SO 
9 

4 
7 

43 

2 

419 

7 

16,638 

62 
2 

7,396 

4 
40 
2 

8,888 

i2 

Porto  Rico 

Wert  Indies 

South  America..^ 
Central  America. . 

Mexico ; 

1 
U 

1 

United  States 

Canada 

10 

1 

Rmln.. 

3 

8 

8 
6 

FihglAnd 

2 

Ireland 

Scotland 

Germany 

2 
6 

2 
6 

France  I 

1 

1 

Italy. 

2 

3 

1 

2 

Soan^navia 

Other  Europe 

Africa. ....V. 

7. 
674 

7 
611 

163* 

6 

1 

6 
1 

1 
673 

1 
510 

163 

Australia 

China 

451 

1 
10 

449 
1 

7 

2 

451 

1 

8 



449 

1 
2 

2 

Japan 

Other  countries... 
Unknown 

8, 

7 

5 

2 

1 

The  province. 

88,234 

44,899 

43,835 

70,887 

86,074 

34,818 

17,847 

8,825 

9,022 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Cuba 

317,243 

107 

58 

65 

4 

98 

529 

9 

28,398 

52 

3 

5 

25 

148 

58 

25 

9 

172 

4,178 

5,268 

1 
88 

155,876 

60 

34 

89 

8 

58 

880 

6 

24,299 

36 

1 

8 

19 

117 

50 

21 

8 

103 

2,607 

2 

5,268 

1 

76. 

161,867 

47 

19 

26 

1 

45 

149 

8 

4,099 

16 

2 

2 

6 

81 

8 

4 

1 

69 
1,571 

214,946 

82 

26 

58 

4 

88 

512 

5 

28,366 

48 

8 

6 

25 

148 

58' 

20 

8 

170 

19 

1 

HI 

106,771 

49 

15 

86 

8 

46 

871 

8 

24,275 

82 

1 

8 

19 

m 

50 
19 
8 
102 
14 
1 
111 

u 

22 
1 

37 

141 

2 

4,091 

16 
2 
2 
6 

31 
8 
1 

102,296 
25 
27 
7 

49,105 
11 
19 
8 

53,198 
14 
8 
4 

Porto  Rico 

Wert  Indies ^ 

South  America... 
Central  America.  • 

Mexico 

United  States 

15 
17 

4 
82 

4 

7 
9 
8 
24 
4 

8 
8 
I 

Spain 

8 

faiffland 

Irehind 

Scotland 

Germany 

France  I 

Italy 

p(Mrti:mkl 

6 
.1 

5,152 

1 

17 

2 

8 

ScandinaYia. ..... 

1 

Other  Europe 

Africa 

68 
6 

1 
15 

1 
1.666 

Australia 

1 

China 

Japan  ............ 

Otbercounfrles.. 
Unknown  >....... 

12 

71. 

61 

10 

2 

The  province. 

856,536 

189,067 

167,479 

244,768 

182,107 

112,661 

1U,768 

56,960 

54.818 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


BIBTHPliAOS,  S£Z,   AIin>   BAC£. 


223 


Table  XI. — BirOytlace,  sex,  and  mce — Ckmtmued. 
PEOVINCE  OP  SANTXAOO. 


Countries  of 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

With. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Caba 

811,941 

266 

1,228 

127 

68 

49 

882 

4 

11,879 

197 

5 

5 

42 

245 

42 

25 

18 

62 

590 

150,766 

151 

684 

78 

29 

27 

682 

4 

10,071 

141 

5 

5 

88 

190 

88 

17 

14 

88 

315 

161,186 
115 
544 
64 
29 
22 
160 

"i'soe* 

66 

167,797 

159 

886 

104 

49 

42 

C40 

2 

11,863 

102 

5 

5 

41 
21 
18 
45 

1 

82,292 
96 
160 
63 
24 
23 
625 

10,0^ 
82 
5 
5 
88 
182 
87 
15 
11 
84 

85,605 
68 

176 
41 
25 
19 

115 

""i'soo' 

20 

144,144 

107 

892 

28 

9 

7 

192 

2 

26 

95 

68.464 

524 
10 
5 
4 
167 
2 
18 
60 

75,680 

62 

868 

18 

4 

8 

85 

Porto  Rico 

West  Indies 

South  America . . . 
Central  America.. 

Mexico 

United  Btates 

CanftdA......--T-, 

8 

^^land 

86 

Scotland 

Qermany . . .  r  r . . . . 

4 
55 
4 
8 
4 
14 
275 

4 
46 
4 
6 
2 
11 
1 

France 

17 

1 
4 
5 
7 
569 

8 
1 
2 
8 
4 
815 

9 

Italv 

Fortoffal 

2 

ScanoinaYla 

Other Eorope  .... 
Africa. 

2 

8 

274 

Australia 

China 

476 

1 

188 

478 

1 
93 

8 

10 

10 

466 
1 
18 

463 
1 
12 

8 

Janan 

Other  countries.. 
Unknown ....,.,  r 

40 

115 

81 

84 

6 

The  province. 

827,715 

163,845 

163,870 

181,110 

98,788 

87,872 

146,605 

70,107 

76,498 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEG08. 


Cuba 

26,028 

23 

83 

18 

2 

19 

120 

1 

3,156 

13 

1 

2 

8 

89 

12 

6 

4 

41 

148 

11,274 
10 
19 
10 

1 
8 
76 
1 
2,695 
9 

14,754 
13 
14 
8 
1 
11 
44 

15,785 

17 

17 

15 

2 

17 

115 

1 

8,163 

10 

1 

2 

8 

89 

12 

5 

4 

40 

4 

7,045 
9 
10 
10 
1 
8 
75 
1 
2,695 
6 

,»0 

■  V 

40j 

10,293 
6 
16 
8 

9 

6,064 
5 
7 
8 

Porto  Rico 

West  Indies 

South  America . . . 

Central  America. . 

Mexico 

2 
5 

2 

United  States 

Ofiflil^ , 

1 

4 

460 
4 
1 
1 
8 
21 
2 
1 

458 
4, 
1 
1 
3 
21 
2 

2 
8 

2 

^land 

8 

Ireland ........  r  t  r 

ScK>t1and  . . .  r ,  r , , , 

i 

6 
18 
10 

19 
62 

1 
5 
18 
10 
5 
4 
19 
3 

Germany 

Fruice  I 

Pornisai 

1 

1 

ScanSnavia  .... 

Other Euiope  .... 
Africa ; 

22 

86 



21 
1 

1 
144 

1 

69 

65 

Australia 

China  ,,-TTrT 

842 

842 

1 

1 



841 

841 

Other  countries .. 

23 

20 

8 

22 

19 

»J 

1 

1 

Thcdty.... 

80,088 

14,689 

16,449 

19,220. 

9,945 

9,275. 

10,818 

4,644 

6,174 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Cuba 

178,670 

609 

265 

866 

18 

707 

8,868 

20 

283 
15 
21 
166 
569 
278 
29 
81 

78,646 

193 

109 

174 

11 

242 

2,198 

18 

87,668 

140 

5 

16 

187 

806 

200 

24 

19 

100,024 

816 

146 

192 

7 

465 

1,176 

7 

9,187 

98 

10 

5 

29 

268 

78 

5 

u 

115,582 

366 

202 

860 

15 

640 

2,929 

17 

46,810 

194 

16 

21 

166 

665 

277 

26 

1» 

52,940 

162 

80 

169 

9 

220 

1,900 

10 

87,645 

U4 

6 

16 

187 

808 

200 

22 

19 

62.592 
218 
122 
181 
6 
420 
1,029 

80 

10 
5 

29 
262 

77 
4 
9 

68,138 

144 

63 

16 

3 

67 

489 

3 

45 

89 

25,706 

41 

29 

6 

2 

22 

296 

8 

28 

26 

87,432 
103 
24 
11 
1 
i5 
146 

Porto  Rico 

West  Indies 

South  America... 
Central  America.. 

Mexico 

United  States 

Canada 

Spain 

22 

Kngiftpd  ,...-,... 

18 

Iceland.... 

Scotland 

Germany 

France 

4 
1 
3 
3 

3 

1 

Italy 

1 

Portugal 

2 

1 
8 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


224 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XI. — Birthplace^  ux^  and  race — Continued. 
CITY  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Conn  tries  of 

Bothclaases. 

White. 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male. 

91 

259 

3 

2,720 

1 
88 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male.  JFcmale. 

Other  Europe  — 
Africa 

142 
843 

4 
2,761 

2 
129 

51 
584 

1 
81 

1 
41 

140 
7 
3 
17 
1 

113 

90 
4 
2 

17 

60 
8 

1 

2 

836 

1 

2.734 

1 
16 

1!        1 

266  '          l^l 

Australia 

1  1 

China  . 

2.703  ,            51 

Japan  

1 
87 

^     1  1 

Otner  countries . . 
Unknown 

76 

12  1              4 

The  city.... 

236,981 

123,258 

112,723 

168,433 

94,190 

74,303 

67,548 

29,128 

3R.42D 

CITY  OF  MATANZA8. 


Cuba 

Porto  Rico 

West  Indies..  .  . 

82,107 

26 

15 

7 

2 

82 

418 

8 

3,061 

21 

1 

8 

9 

89 

U 

2 

13,768 
11 
4 
8 

18,889 

16 

11 

4 

2 

27 

109 

2 

758 

7 

20,981 

19 

15 

7 

2 

29 

396 

3 

3,068 

21 

1 

3 

9 

89 

11 

1 

9,219 
9 
4 
3 

11,712 

10 

11 

4 

2 

24 

100 

2 

766 

7 

11,176 
7 

4,649  ' 

6.627 
5 

South  America  . . . 

:::::::::' :: :::::::i:  :  :  :: 

Central  America. . 

1 

Mexico      .     . . 

5 

809 

1 

2,308 

14 
1 
2 
5 

23 
7 
1 

6 
295 

1 
2 
5 
23 
7 
1 

3 
23 

' 

3 

United  States 

Canada .....  . ,  . 

"1 

9 

Spain 

8 

1 

3 

Ejiff land 

1 

Ireland 

) 

Scotland 

1 
4 
16 
4 
1 

i 

4 

16 

4 

flprmany 

1 

France 

1 1 

Italy 

1 ■ 

Pordiffal 

' 

1 
......... 

1 

Scandinavia 

Other  Europe 

Africa 

17 
244 

13 
106 

4 
189 

17 

13 

4 

:  i::::::" 

244 

105  1 

139 

Australia 

China 

842 
8 
U 

342 
3 
6 

842 

342  1. 

1 

Japan 

3 
11 

8 
6 

Otlier  countries  . . 

5 

5 

!!!!!. !!!i:::::::;': 

Unknown 

::.:.:.'::! 

F 

The  city.... 

36,874 

16,926 

19,448 

24,676 

U,914 

12,661 

11,799 

5,012  ' 

6,787 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Cuba 

28.641 
12 
44 
9 
5 
10 
51 

9,636 
10 
21 
6 
8 
5 
80 

13,906 
2 

28 
4 
2 
5 

21 

16,606 
10 
88 
9 
6 
10 
50 

6.764 
8 

20 
6 
8 
6 

80 

9,741 
2 

18 
4 
2 
5 

20 

7,036 

\ 



2,872 
2 

1 

4,164 
5 

Porto  Rico 

West  Indies 

South  America... 

Central  America.. 

Mexico 

t 

United  States 

1 

1 i 

Spain 

England 

1,137 
13 

997 
6 

140 
7 

1,115 
12 

996 
6 

140 
6 

2 

2 

i 

Ireland 

Scotland 

1 

Germany 

8 
6 
2 
2 

3 
6 
2 
2 



8 
6 
2 

1 

8 
4 
2 
1 

France.. 

1 

1 

1 

"^r 

Italy : 

Portugal 

1 

1 

Scanfinavla 

Other  Europe 



Africa. ....v. 

Australia 

190 

112 

78 

1 

1 

189 

lU 

78 

China 

Japan 

75 

74 

1 

76 

74 

1 

Other  countries.. 
Unknown 

2 

1 

1 

2 

i* 

i* 

V.WV.'.W 

The  city.... 

26,102 

10,912 

14,190 

17,788 

7,848 

9,940 

7,814 

8,064 

4.260 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OITIZ£KSHIP. 


225 


Tabus  XI. — Birthplace ,  «ftr,  and  race — Continued. 
CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Countries  of 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Cuba 

38,607 

125 

805 

55 

38 

28 

366 

1 

2,554 

118 

3 

3 

23 

52 

12 

7 

8 

24 

71 

16,602 

67 

409 

27 

18 

15 

308 

1 

2,225 

74 

1 

21 

31 

9 

2 

4 

22 

23 

22,105 
58 
396 
28 
20 
13 
58 

829' 

44 

15.266 

204 

40 

35 

27 

276 

1 

2,549 

48 

3 

3 

23 

42 

12 

4 

4 

20 

1 

6,702 

39 

92 

21 

17 

14 

226 

1 

2,220 

33 

3 

3 

21 

28 

9 

1 

2 

19 

35 
112 
19 
18 
13 
50 

23,349 

51 

601 

15 

3 

1 

90 

9,800 

28 

317 

6 

1 

1 

82 

13,549 

23 

284 

9 

2 

8 

Porto  Rico 

West  Indies 

South  America... 
Central  America. . 

Mexico 

United  States 

Spain  

329 
15 

5 
70 

6 
41 

29 

Ireland 

R<*otlaiid 

2 
21 
3 
5 
4 
2 
48 

2 
14 
3 
3 
2 
1 
•        1 

France 

10 

3 

7 

Italy 

Portugal 

3 
4 
4 
70 

1 

2 

3 

23 

2 

Scan^navia 

Other  Eiut)pe 

Africa...... 

2 

1 
47 

Australia 

China 

106 

106 

106 

106 

Japan 

Other  countries. . . 
TTtiknoyrn 

84 

52 

32 

74 

46 

28 

10 

6 

4 

The  city.... 

43,090 

19,922 

23,168 

18.696 

9,497 

9,201 

24,392 

10,425 

13,967 

Table  XIL— 'Citizenship, 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district] 


Proyince. 


Total. 


Cuban. 


Spanish. 


In  sus- 
pense. 


Other 
citizen- 
ship. 


Un- 
known. 


City  qf  Babana. 

Matanzas 

Pinardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe.... 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


424,804 
tS5,981 
202,444 
173,064 
88,284 
356,536 
827,716 


309,533 
161,563 
162,901 
147,974 
77,073 
296,581 
800,805 


8,987 
7,7  IS 
2,483 
1,683 
1,543 
8,464 
2,368 


89,255 
«4,lf8 
18,282 
20,306 
7.355 
26,920 
18,691 


16,908 
It,  6^ 
23,461 
3,072 
2,225 
27,541 
6,315 


1,572,797 


1,296,867 


20,478 


175, 8U 


79,525 


171 
U 

814 
27 
88 
80 


616 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


District. 


Affoacaie 

AlQuisar 

Samoa 

Batabano 

Bauta 

Bejucal 

Cano 

Ossignas 

Gatalina 

CeibadelAgua 

Gnanabaeoa 

CUy  ctf  Ouanabaooa 

Quara 

QOines 

Ouira  de  Melena 

Habana 

Cityof  Habana 

Islade  Pmos 

Jaruco 

Madruga 

Managua  

24662^^ — 15 


Total. 


8,163 
8,746 
1,725 
6,528 
6,142 
6,766 
4,210 
1,004 
2,718 
2,197 
20,060 
IS,  966 
1,885 
11,394 
11,548 
242,055 
tS6,981 
8,199 
4,076 
8,744 
2,887 
8,508 


Cuban. 


2,710 
7,489 
1,554 
4,930 
4,265 
4,918 
8,482 
961 
2,409 
1,872 
17,064 
11,7S7 
1,656 
9,697 
9,566 
156,102 
161, 66S 
2,818 
8,583 
8,204 
2,624 
6,454 


Spanish. 


114 

9 

159 

1 
8 
80 


46 

SS 

16 

98 

120 

7,819 

7,71S 

82 

4 

80 

6 

36 


In  sus- 
pense. 


366 

1,136 

149 

1,324 

780 

611 

670 

36 

260 

302 

2,371 

1,698. 

147 

1,364 

1,674 

65,880 

SU,lt6 

334 

460 

448 

247 

1,409 


Other 
citizen- 
ship. 


64 

107 

22 

154 

87 

70 

57 

9 

19 

22 

595 

550 

14 

239 

185 

12,695 

lt,6b6 

15 

29 

62 

10 


Un- 
known. 


1 
4 
U 
2 
1 
3 
50 
U 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


226 


BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XII. — Citizenship— ConiiDued. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


District 


Total. 


Cuban. 


Spanish. 


In  sus- 
pense. 


Other 

dticen- 

shlp. 


Un- 
known. 


MelenadelSur 

NueyaPaz 

Pipian 

Quivlcan 

Regla 

Sahid 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas . . 
San  Antonio  de  los  BaAos. 

San  Felipe 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

San  Nicolas 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario. . 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

VeredaNueva 


8,207 
7,761 
1,101 
2,428 

11,868 
8,298 
1.855 

12.631 
1.915 
4,154 
4,568 
2,965 
2,780 

10,276 
1,551 
2,416 


2,885 
6,918 
1,020 
2,117 
8,065 
2,896 
1.666 
10,668 
1.591 
8.670 
4.069 
2,669 
2,450 
7,992 
1,408 
2,211 


216 
698 
75 
274 

2,645 
890 
171 

1,778 
280 
835 
864 
216 
190 

1,945 
120 
196 


80 

190 

6 

18 

595 

4 

15 
187 

44 
123 
U6 

80 

82 
192 

19 
9 


U 


The  province ...v 424,804      809,538  8,937        89,255        16,906 


171 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 

Alacranes 

8,110 

9.179 

5,184 

1,998 

24,861 

tl,9W 

8,174 

12.196 

5,807 

6,000 

5.853 

7,529 

5,042 

10,405 

8,905 

45,282 

S6,m 

4,046 

2,158 

7,647 

4,449 

4,464 

5,205 

6,765 

2,965 

5,226 

6,847 
7,272 
4,408 
1,718 
19,212 
16,790 
2.580 
9,888 
4  728 
4,817 
4,899 
6,819 
4.804 
8,540 
7,880 
85,046 
t8,tOU 
8.495 
1,809 
6.205 
8,584 
8,708 
4,041 
5,460 
2,341 
4,805 

43 

67 
12 
1 

789 

732 
25 

195 
41 
21 
47 

163 
26 
88 
22 

497 

U90 
29 
11 
38 
9 
11 
12 

410 
2 
29 

417 

454 

166 

48 

2,457 

t,9t7 

156 

792 

286 

828 

807 

877 

842 

527 

441 

4,155 

S,890 

161 

54 

487 

274 

185 

206 

821 

124 

822 

808 

608 

281 

2,451 

2,090 

418 

1,815 

762 

833 

600 

670 

869 

1,804 

1.061 

5,277 

S,5hh 

361 

284 

967 

582 

615 

946 

573 

496 

570 

Bolondron 

Cabezas ^  ^ ,  -  ^  ^ , , 

Canasi r,, 

Cardenas 

2 

CUv  of  Cardenas 

1 

Carlos  Rolas 

Colon 

Cupvitas . 

Guamacaro , ,  ^ , ,  ^ , 

1 

Jarflpv  Grande 

Jovellanoff  ....^..--..r.^ t 

Macagua.  ...,......^-.t 

1 

Macuriges 

1 

Marti 

1 

Matanzas   ••» - 

907 

City  qf  MaUxnxat 

S06 

MaximoT^omez 

Mende£ CftDOto  .        ..  •••..••«•••.•••••• 

Palmillas 

Perico ..••. 

RoQue    ..•••••••••..........••...••...... 

Sabanilla 

1 

Santa  Ana 

Union  de Reves» xrr ..-,,,..-, r-- 

The  province 

202,444 

162,901 

2,483 

18,282 

23,464 

314 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa 

9,817 
2,117 
8.853 
4,866 
7,399 

16.665 
8,796 

14,760 
2,710 
1,871 
2,456 
8.866 
8.631 

88,343 
8,880 
4,268 
2,419 
1,137 

14,787 
7.606 

17,700 

8,846 
1953 
8,893 
4  892 
6,860 

14,704 
7,268 

12,478 
2,221 
i;758 
2,261 
7,826 
8,211 

81,807 
6,8U 
8,947 
2,239 
998 

12,066 
6,349 

14,885 

17 

805 

110 

196 

407 

756 

1,489 

1195 

2,148 

468 

98 

180 

992 

206 

5,084 

x\m 

224 

189 

76 

2.882 

iloss 

2,485 

147 

47 

260 

80 

89 

435 

284 

91 

84 

20 

47 

17 

148 

956 

U8 

85 

27 

60 

1«2 

«2 

116 

2 

Bahia  Honda  .                     

7 

Cahanas. ^^^^»^,, 

4 

37 
191 
86 
97 
48 
2 

Candelaria            

Conflolaclon  del  Norte  r». ,»».,-». ^rr. 

s 

Consoladon  del  Sur 

t 

Guanajay 

2 

Guane  ...•••••••>• 

Guayabal 

.Tiillan  Diaz 

LosPaladoa 

18 

81 

70 

541 

67 
20 
8 
173 
129 
214 

Mantua  ...•■•.... 

Mariel 

1 

PinardelRio 

5 

Cthi  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

B 

Sah  Crutobal 

San  Dieiro  de  los  Bafios 

1 

San  Dieffo  de  Nufiez  - 

San  Juan  v  Martinez ^ 

5 

Sail  Luis.. 

VinalM     

The  province 

178,064 

147,974 

1,688 

20,806 

8,072 

27 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CiriZBNSHIP. 


227 


Table  XII.— Cttu«fwWp— Continued. 

[Figures  In  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  proTlnce  or  district] 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


District 


Total. 


Caban. 


Spanish. 


In  sus- 
pense. 


Other 

citisen- 

ship. 


Un- 
known. 


Ciegode  Ayila 

Moron 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  qf  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Crue  del  Sur 

The  province 


9,801 
9,880 
10,365 
58,140 
96,109 
5,808 


88,284 


8,720 
8,988 
7,971 
46,756 
f  1,455 
4,668 


98 
277 
295 
799 
108 

79 


885 

856 
1,489 
4,121 
9,66k 

604 


77,073 


1,548 


7,855 


100 
83 

600 
1,481 

696 
61 


2,225 


83 
I 

1 


88 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegos 

City  qf  CHen/uegoe 

Gifuentes 

Cruces 

Esperansa 

PahniiE , 

Placetas 

Quemado  de  G  uines 

RanchoVelox 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Grande 

City  qfSaguala  Orande . 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. 
Sancti  Spiritus 

atyqfSantU^ 
San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  loe  Remedies 
Santa  Clara 

City  <^  Santa  Ckara 

Santa  isabel  de  las  Lajas  . 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

City  qf  Trinidad 

Yaguajay 

The  province 


8,995 

8,650 

13,419 

14.495 

6,244 

6,954 

59,128 

50,058 

8,825 

7,953 

7,811 

6,627 

11,961 

8,890 

7,532 

5,060 

9,562 

21,842 

19,798 

12,832 

25,709 

19,696 

5,369 

6,445 

5,600 

14,833 

28,437 

16,766 

9,608 

10,372 

24,271 

11,190 

9,718 


856,536 


8,282 

6,460 

11,827 

8,820 

5,523 

6,255 

47,241 

96,66i 

8,428 

6,598 

7,149 

5,491 

9,126 

7,724 

6,339 

4,585 

7,981 

17, 161 

10,617 

9,514 

24,085 

11,6U 

4,887 

5,501 

5,177 

12,000 

24,884 

11,960 

8,660 

9,339 

22,732 

10,U16 

7,388 


298,681 


92 

81 

121 

139 

16 

54 

928 

896 

72 

17 

158 

87 

162 

42 

81 

16 

22 

427 

58f 

26 

162 

m 

18 

28 

39 

17 

331 

601 

15 

195 


82 


3,464 


849 

1,617 

912 

1,107 

522 

278 

6,616 

5,058 

174 

610 

268 

564 

887 

406 

480 

859 

1,027 

2,072 

l,17h 

668 

1,256 

75f 

187 

485 

218 

1,240 

1,482 

1,000 

449 

890 

1,006 

k68 

1,491 


26,920 


822 

642 

1,058 

4,429 

188 

867 

4,826 

1,896 

155 

728 


1,786 
718 
682 
99 

582 

1,681 

86U 

2,598 

249 

177 

277 

481 

166 

1,676 

1,740 

609 

480 

448 

446 

169 

757 


27,541 


17 
17 

1 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


AltoSongo 

Baraooa 

Bayamo 

Campechuela 

Caney 

Cobre 

Cristo 

Gibarn 

Guantanamo 

Holguin 

Jiguanl. 

ManxaniUo 

CituqfMamaniao 

NiqueioI.I 

Bauna  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  deTanamo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Citif  qfSaiUiago  de  Cut>a 

ThdpiOTlnoe 


12,770 

12,282 

14 

852 

171 

21,944 

20,648 

-  38 

1,070 

192 

21,198 

20,652 

12 

474 

55 

7,809 

6,901 

8 

894 

71 

9,126 

6,972 

204 

1,573 

875 

10,707 

10,195 

27 

262 

223 

1,194 

1,018 

141 

40 

81,594 

27,818 

242 

8,104 

417 

28»2S 

24,642 

481 

1,954 

1,081 

84,606 

82,809 

114 

1,882 

201 

10,495 

10,383 

17 

82 

13 

82,288 

29,742 

98 

2,006 

441 

u,m 

19,W0 

75 

1,555 

555 

8,504 

8,218 

88 

156 

41 

2,718 

2,582 

132 

4 

12,805 

12,049 

81 

166 

67 

19,984 

19,  U8 

179 

651 

185 

5,796 

5,499 

8 

280 

9 

11,681 

10,728 

80 

768 

154 

45,478 

88,609 

882 

3,844 

2,685 

A6,090 

66,966 

5Sf 

8,666 

9,6H 

827,715 

800,305 

2,868 

18,691 

6,816 

18 
5 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


228 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF    CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XIII. — McUes  tl  years  of  age  and  aver,  by  cUuenshipf  liieracyf  and  echioation, 

CUBA. 


An 

daaea. 

Whitei 
bom  in 
Cuba. 

Whitei 
bom  in 
Spain. 

Whitei 

bom  in 

other 

ooon- 

triea. 

Colored. 

Total  Tn*inff  9ge  .............  ^ ..  x ..  x  ^  ^ .  ^  ^  x  x . .  x  x  x  x . 

417,996 

187,818 

96,088 

6,794 

127,296 

C?nhfHi  ^tlaeiii 

290,905 

184,471 

142 

78 

106,214 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

172,627 
4^162 

106,285 
8,861 

94,801 
^089 
79^4ftfi 
8;«29 

84 

18 
1 
89 
25 

78,279 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

99 

9 

With  nperior  edncation x 

^fpantiih  citiseni 

9,600 

144 

9,841 

6 

9 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

1,149 
108 

7,929 
814 

18 

2 

105 

19 

1,126 
106 

7,816 
298 

1 

4 

Can  road  bnt  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

8 
2 

5 

With  niDerior  education 

Cit^^enf  in  ffQ(^>ense. 

76,669 

1,296 

75,249 

87 

87 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

16,945 

866 

66,704 

2,162 

812 

18 

861 

105 

16,690 

887 

66,771 

2,061 

7 
1 

24 
6 

36 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

2 

O^n  read  and  write  . .  x . .  x x .......  x  x .  x .  x 

48 

With  luperior  education 

1 

F^refgn  and  unknown  dtlienff 

40,919 

1,902 

11,866 

6,678 

20,988 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

26,641 

298 

U,914 

2,071 

191 

8 

1,162 

651 

7.484 
168 

87 

8T2 

84 

4,877 

1,890 

"^'S 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

run  rpAd  and  write 

2.« 

With  fuperior  education 

PROVINCB  OF  HABANA. 


Total  Yotinfl^  a^ 

127,047 

62,621 

48,278 

8.499 

27,654 

Cuban  citlsena 

78,969 

61,168 

86 

45 

22,706 

Can  neither  road  nor  write. ........  x x  x 

80,846 
1^628 

87,669 
4;  897 

16.808 

688 

29,255 

4,812 

4 

2 

1 

28 
14 

13,441 

Can  read  but  can  not  writt 

Can  read  and  write 

80 
2 

^"SS 

Witii  superior  educatikm 

^Ipaniflh  dtiseni 

4.718 

49 

4,661 

5 

f 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. .........  x 

880 

62 

4,187 

149 

4 

874 

62 

4,005 

140 

1 

1 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write x  x ..... . 

87 
8 

8 

1 

2 

With  Bunerior  education 

rHtlKAna  in  mifiDenfle 

89.207 

678 

88,471 

21 

97 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. .................... 

6,442 

491 

81,174 

1,100 

129 

9 

409 

71 

6,800 

479 

80,669 

i;028 

2 

1 

18 
5 

11 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

2 

Can  read  and  write 

ts 

With  superior  education 

1 

Foreign  and  unknown  dtisens 

9,188 

741 

106 

8,428 

4.9W 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

4.1a 

67 

4.120 

818 

11 

1 

607 

222 

8 

248 
15 

677 

8,m 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

88 
9 

987 

With  siq»eiior  education 

10 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Total  voting  age.. 
Cuban  oitlaena.... 


Can  neither  read  nor  write. 
Can  read  but  can  not  write. 

Can  read  and  write 

With  superior  education 


76,805 


85,460 


8,804 

975 

22,790 

8,891 


28,790 


22,729 


2,665 

846 

16,507 

8,812 


82,779 


28 


2,787 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OmZBNSHIP. 


229 


Table  XIII. — ]l£ale$  SI  yean  of  age  and  over,  by  cUizenshipf  Uteracyt  «te.— Continued. 
CITY  OF  HABANA-Continiied. 


All 
clnwrw 

Whites 

bom  in 

Cuba. 

Whites 
bom  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
bom  in 
other 
coun- 
tries. 

Colored. 

Pp^^^ffh  cftlffnifi 

4,186 

89 

4,089 

6 

8 

Can  ludtbcr  TCMtd  nor  write.  .....<........ 

827 

62 

8,028 

134 

1 

824 

62 

8,688 

125 

1 

1 

Can  read  bnt  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  writ© 

80 
8 

8 
1 

2 

With niperior education.............  .....  ... 

29,079 

450 

28,689 

15 

25 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

87 

6 

847 

61 

8,170 

881 

24,211 

827 

1 
1 
8 
5 

7 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

2 

Can  read  and  write.  /. 

15 

With iniiKMior education .* 

1 

Foreign  and  tintim^ni  cititen*. 

«,«80 

672 

78 

2,780 

8,250 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

706 

8 

1 
886 
177 

6 

189 

11 

2,067 

618 

2,470 
86 

Can  read  but  can  not  write. 

Can  read  and  write 

64 

8 

736 

With  mperior  education. 

8 

MATANZAS. 


Total  TotJuff  age 

66,595 

21,820 

10,217 

665 

28,896 

Cuban  dtisens 

87,544 

20,843 

17 

U 

16,678 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

28,968 

548 

11,988 

r,oe5 

10,062 

281 

9,482 

i;068 

2 

4 

18,915 
262 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

10 
5 

4 
8 

2.4S7 
9 

With  superior  eduofttion   .                        ..... 

Pr«^"*ff^  dtisens 

1,063 

16 

1,016 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

112 
16 

865 
40 

112 
15 

853 
36 

Can  read  but  *>*"  not  write 

1 
U 
4 

Can  read  and  write. 

1 

With  ffUDerior  education 

CfffK^fiii  ^'i  ffuspense 

5,798 

91 

5,705 

1 

1 

Oan  neither  read  nor  write 

749 

62 

4.782 

255 

6 
2 
77 
6 

741 

60 

4,655 

249 

1 

1 

Oan  read  but  can  not  writ© 

Can  read  and  writ© 

With  BUDcrior  education 

yoreign  and  n»»'*"»Awn  dtixenii 

11,220 

870 

8,479 

653 

6,718 

Oan  neither  read  nor  write. 

8,677 
77 

271 

88 

2 

201 

79 

2,279 
56 

1,108 
36 

182 

1 

365 

165 

6.178 

Oan  read  but  can  not  write.  .^ 

18 

Can  read  and  write 

621 

With  superior  education 

1 

PIKAR  DEL  RIO. 


iy>tal  vot^VKg  age 

48,750 

24,824 

8,242 

806 

10,876 

Cuban  dtixens ...........rrr....... 

88,479 

24,104 

6 

9,869 

25,424 

284 

7,415 

406 

17,118 
168 

401 

1 

8,805 

Oan  read  but  can  not  writ© 

^  71 

Can  nvid  and  write 

5 

968 

With  superior  education 

5 

Spanish  citlienfl ,.--t- r. 

662 

16 

646 

Can  ndther  T^Ad  nor  write                  ........... 

54 

5 

598 

10 

8 

51 

5 

580 

10 

Can  read  but  can  not  writ©  .  .   ..,-rrr-r 

Cftn  read  and  irritA                           . 

18 

With  BUDerior  education 

: ; 

^==s 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


230 


REPORT   ON  THE   0EK8US   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XIII. — Mala  91  years  of  age  and  <wer,  by  citizenship,  literacy,  etc. — Ck>ntmaed. 

PINAR  DSL  RIO— Continaed. 


All 
claiioei. 

¥rhite8 
bom  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
bom  in 
Spain. 

Whites 

bom  in 

other 

ooun- 

triea. 

Colored. 

7,756 

171 

7,677 

1 

6 

Oftn  iM^ither  pmmI  Tior  'writ*. ,,,,,-.  ^ .  -  - , 

8,140 

56 

4,489 

120 

91 

1 

76 
8 

4,857 
117 

I 

Can.  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  n^ad  and  write r . ,  - , 

1 

5 

With  Buneiior  education 

Foreim  and  unknown  citiceni 

1,854 

83 

18 

807 

1,601 

Can  nAithAr  kwH  nor  writA 

1,661 

2 

260 

81 

4 

1 

118 

1 

170 

28 

1,443 

O&n.  reftd  but  c&n  not  writG.                       ... 

1 

Can  read  and -write 

22 
7 

11 
1 

57 

With  mnerior  education                               .... 

PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total  voting  ngp> 

20,181 

12,518 

2,982 

261 

4,420 

Cuban  dtijsens 

15,760 

12,861 

4 

2 

3,392 

Can  neither  read  nor  write.                 . . « 

7,810 
318 

6,972 
669 

6,037 
214 

6,475 
635 

1 

1.772 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

104 

Can  read  and  write 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1,494 

With  superior  education 

22 

446 

25 

420 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

224 
10 

189 
28 

9 

214 
10 

170 
20 

1 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

13 
3 

With  superior  education 

Citizenfl  in  miRpeniie 

2,605 

66 

2,547 

2 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

788 

43 

1,607 

172 

10 

778 

48 

1,565 

166 

Can  read  but  can  not  write  . 

Can  read  and  write 

40 
6 

2 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens 

1,871 

76 

11 

269 

1,026 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

904 

12 

281 

174 

5 
1 

24 
46 

8 

14 

1 

119 

125 

877 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

10 

Can  read  and  write 

1 
2 

187 

With  superior  education 

1 

SANTA  CLARA. 


Total  voting agp.     .      ..... 

100,118 

45,634 

21,968 

899 

81,727 

CT«bft»»  citisenH  .^ 

71,462 

44,976 

66 

11 

26,409 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

46,084 
915 

23,475 
988 

25,118 
520 

18,874 
964 

22 

6 

20,988 
895 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

43 
1 

4 

1 

6.054 
22 

With  superior  education 

RpATiinh  citizens , , , 

1,481 

82 

1,447 

1 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

88 

17 

1,380 

46 

2 

1 

25 

4 

86 

16 

1,304 

41 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write 

1 

With  superior  education 

1 

Citizens  in  suspense 

12,947 

182 

12,744 

2 

19 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

8,043 
U7 

9,556 
231 

41 

4 
125 
12 

2,992 
113 

9,420 
219 

10 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write .• 

2 

9 

With  superior  education 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


011?12fiKBHIP,      .  231 

Tabi.r  XIII. — Males  SI  years  of  age  and  over,  by  cUizenship,  UUracy,  etc, — Continued. 

SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


All 
claases. 


Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 


Whites 
bom  in 
Spain. 


Whites 
born  in 
other 
coun- 
tries. 


Colored. 


Foreign  and  unknown  citizens. 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 
Can  read  but  can  not  write. 

Can  read  and  write 

With  superior  education  . . . 


14,223 


344 


7,6»6 


10,304 

123 

3,567 


73 

3 

210 

58 


5,113 
95 

2,466 
33 


262 


472 
145 


5,296 


4,866 

19 

420 

3 


SANTIAGO. 


Total  votings  age 

71,807 

81,496 

9,421 

1,162 

29,228 

Cuban  citiaens 

58,722 

31,084 

13 

9 

27,666 

Can  neither  read  nor  write-  ...r r.^r^, 

38,961 

594 

17,821 

1,326 

19,068 

223 

10,494 

1,249 

4 

1 

19,908 

Can  rv^d  but  can  not  write     t  . .  ^ 

371 

Can  read  and  write 

9 

2 
6 

7,316 

With  sunerior  education 

71 

RTMi.n1sh  HHsAnfi 

1,160 

6 

1,151 

3 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

291 

8 

815 

46 

289 

8 

806 

46 

2 

rSftn  tomI  hilt  mn  not  wiito 

Can  read  and  write 

6 

1 

With  superior  education 

Citizens  In  suspense 

8,857 

118 

8,205 

12 

22 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

2,788 

89 

5,196 

284 

86 
2 

74 
7 

2,736 

87 

5,106 

277 

4 

13 

Can  read  but  can  nnt  write  .  ^  t ■,. 

Can  read  and  write 

8 

9 

With  superior  education 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens 

8,068 

338 

52 

1,141 

1,587 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 

1,015 

14 

1,501 

538 

10 

1 

188 

189 

25 
2 

19 
6 

111 

2 

668 

865 

869 

Can  read  but  can  not  write 

9 

Can  read  and  write 

631 

With  superior  education 

28 

Digitized  by 


Google 


2S2 


REPORT   ON   TH16   CKK8U8   OF   CTTBA,  18W, 


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283 


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266 
166 
196 

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169 

29.255 

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16.898 

1,654 
843 
505 

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REPORT   ON  THK   CENSUS   GIT   CUBA,  1899. 


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CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


299 


Tablk  XV. — Conjugal  condition, 
[flguroM  iu  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district] 


FtOTince. 


Habana 

CUyof  Habcma, 

If  ataniss 

PlnardelRio 

Puerto  Principe, . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


Total. 

424,804 
t35,981 
202,444 
173,064 
88,284 
366,536 
827,715 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 

OS  bus- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 

Wid- 
owed. 

28,612 
1UJ99 
10.089 
8,961 
6,125 
20,110 
12,263 

Un- 
known. 

289,770 
160,780 
143,988 
124,482 
62,360 
262,757 
286,343 

77,646 
Ja,071 
27,087 
27,100 
17,210 
56,926 
40,483 

28,730 
18,t6S 
20,942 
12,386 
8,606 
26,607 
39,662 

146 
78 

338 

132 
21 

137 
64 

1,572,797 

1,108,709 

246,361 

181,782 

86,167 

-   838 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


District. 


Axuacate 

Alquizar 

Bamoa 

Bataban6 

Banta 

Bejucal 

Cano 

Casignas 

Catalina 

Ceibadel  Agoa 

Ooanabaooa 

Ctty  qf  Ovanabacoa 

Quara , 

QOines 

Guirade  Helena 

Habana , 

City  of  Habana 

IsladePmos 

Jaruoo 

Madmga 

Managna , 

Marianao 

Helena  del  Bur 

NueraPas , 

Pipian 

QoiTicAn , 

R«la 

Si^d 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas. . 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos. 

San  Felipe 

San  Jose  de  laa  Lajaa 

SanMiooUa 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

Santa  Haria  del  Rosario . . . 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tftpaste , 

VeredaNueva 


Total.    I  Single. 


The  proTlnce . 


424.804 


3,163 

2,260 

8,746 

6,939 

1,725 

1,197 

6,623 

4,898 

6,142 

8.469 

6,766 

8,789 

4,210 

2,885 

1,004 

713 

2,718 

1,889 

2,197 

1,519 

20,080 

13,796 

13,965 

9,700 

1,835 

1,312 

11.3M 

7,885 

11,648 

7,958 

242,066 

164,897 

£35,981 

160,780 

3,199 

2,184 

4,076 

2,761 

3,744 

2,548 

2,887 

1,996 

8.593 

5,944 

8,207 

2,266 

7,761 

5,480 

1,101 

767 

2,423 

1,683 

11,363 

7,487 

8,293 

2,210 

1,855 

1,291 

12,631 

8,487 

1,916 

1,360 

4,164 

2,771 

4,668 

3,208 

2,965 

2,009 

2,780 

1,918 

10,276 

7,022 

1,651 

1,011 

2,416 

1,588 

289,770 


Married. 


Living 
together 

ashus- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


892 

1,789 

285 

1,892 

1,009 

1,240 

918 

162 

496 

410 

3,322 

f.05S 

812 

1,760 

2,103 

43,349 

iX,071 

774 

684 

676 

664 

1,551 

479 

1,224 

285 

426 

2,886 

779 

342 

2,827 

292 

741 

688 

484 

449 

2,104 

822 

607 

77,516 


866 
501 

88 
822 
827 
210 
182 

78 
115 

92 
1,364 
1,111 

56 

867 

781 

18,492 

18,t53 

56 
286 
136 
100 
668 
286 
608 

20 
136 
715 

22 

92 
360 
134 
218 
886 
271 
137 
840 

82 

32 

28,730 


Wid- 
owed. 


156 
616 
166 
415 
847 
512 
278 
61 
218 
176 
1,606 
1,099 
IW 
889 
708 
16,231  1 
U,799  I 
184 
813  I 
38.V 
226 
640 
176 
448  I 
89 
175 
823  t 
282  ' 
130 
1,017 
128 
423 
285 
201 
226 
791 
136 


28,612 


Un- 
known. 


4 
3 
1 
8 
3 
>^ 
78 
1 
2 


19 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


300  REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  X  V .  — Conjugal  condition — Continiied. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 
[FiKureM  in  italic  are  incladed  in  those  lor  the  provinoe  or  district.] 


District. 


Alacranes 

Bolondr6n 

Cabezas 

Canad 

CArdenas 

Cityo/  OArdatag 

Cailofi  Rojaa 

Col6n 

Cuevitas 

Guamacaro 

Ja^ey  Grande 

Jovellanos 

Macagua 

Maeuriges 

MarU 

Matanzaa 

City  qf  Matamas 

M&ximo-G6me2  

M^ndez  Capote 

Falmillaa 

Perico 

Roque 

Sabanilla 

6an  Jo86  de  los  Ramos. 

Santa  Ana 

Uui6n  de  Reyes 


The  province 208,444 


Total. 


8,110 
9,179 
5,184 
1,998 
24.861 
tl,9W 
8,174 
12,195 
5,807 
6,000 
6,853 
7,529 
5,042 
10,405 
8,905 
46.282 
36,371, 
4,046 
2,158 
7,647 
4,449 
4,464 
6,205 
6,766 
2,965 
6,226 


Single. 


5,691 
6,316 
8,840 
1.385 
17,421 
16,390 
2,498 
8,941 
4,083 
4,283 
4,104 
6,469 
3.606 
7,447 
6.352 
81.380 
tS,6!0 
3,006 
1,566 
6,378 
8,221 
8.398 
8.718 
4,916 
2,172 
8,818 


Married. 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mntoal 
consent. 


986 

1,015 

920 

248 

4,066 

5,655 

292 

1,627 

756 

660 

900 

716 

582 

1,041 

i,on 

7,263 
5,607 
424 
820 
864 
455 
492 
707 
840 
395 
597 


148.988        27,087 


1,094 

1,498 

95 

248 

1,818 

1,605 

267 

1.2U 

712 

801 

523 

1.013 

642 

1,683 

1.192 

8,307 

t,817 

434 

206 

1.150 

608 

421 

618 

776 

256 

594 


20,942 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


10.089 


PROVINCE  OP  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabafias 

Candelaria 

Cons61aci6n  del  Norte  . . 

Con861aci6n  del  Sur 

Guanajay 

Guane  

Guayabal 

Julian  Diaz 

LosPalacios 

MAntua 

Mariel 

PinardelRio 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

San  Cnstobal 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafios . 

San  Diego  de  Nufiez 

San  Juan  y  Martinez 

San  Luis 

Viflales 

The  province 


9,317 
2,117 
3,853 
4,866 
7,399 

16,665 
8,796 

14,760 
2,710 
1,871 
2,456 
8,366 
3,631 

38,343 
8,890 
4,263 
2,419 
1,137 

14,787 
7,608 

17,700 


178,064 


6,656 
1,588 
2,914 
8,872 
5.301 

12.331 
6,091 

10.450 
1.883 
1,455 
1.728 
5.892 
2,578 

27,756 

6,l/n 

2,967 

1.742 

781 

10,834 
5,425 

12,738 


124,482 


1,486 

206 

324 

695 

1,300 

2,474 

1.535 

2.249 

520 

218 

287 

1,274 

554 

5,989 

l,StU 

706 

372 

92 

2.858 

1,358 

8,103 


27,100 


576 
213 
435 
450 
863 

1,043 
449 

1.286 
122 
103 
282 
827 
259 

2.992 
686 
298 
184 
222 
869 
482 

1.082 


12,886 


589 
110 
180 
849 
431 
815 
721 
775 
184 

95 
158 
372 
240 
1,672 
IS3 
292 
170 

42 
715 
833 
821 


8,964 


PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


CicgodeAvlla 

Mor6n 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  qf  Puerto  PHndpe 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

The  province 


9,801 

9,630 

10,355 

53,140 

t5,10t 

5,808 


88,234 


7,018 
7,162 
7,414 
86,788 
17,155 
4,002 


62,869 


2,007 
1,884 
1,974 
10,609 
1^,956 
786 


17,210 


148 
469 
2,828 
785 
822 


8.605 


501 

507 

8.401 

t,t0h 

197 


6,129 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


301 


Table  XV. — Conjugal  co^idUian — Continued. 

PROVINCK  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 

[Fignres  In  Italic  are  included  In  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

OBlahaiair 

Gamajuanl 

Gartaffena 

Ceja  de  Pablo 

Clenfu^os 

City  of  Cirnfuego*. 

Cifuentefl 

Cnices 


Placetaa 

Qnemadode  GOInes 

RanchoVeloz 

Banchuelo 

Bodas 

BegnsL  la  Grande 

City  qfSoffua  la  Grande . 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. 
Sanctl-Spiritus 

City  cif  8ancti-8pirUu9 . . . 

San  Diego  del  V alle 

San  Fernando 

San  Joan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  loe  Remedioft . . 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  . . . , 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

Citjf  qf  THnidad 

Yaguajay 


Theprovlnce 866,586 


Living 

together 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

consent. 

3,996 
8,650 

3,014 
6,121 

561 
1,517 

267 
553 

163 
457 

2 

13,419 

9,300 

1,982 

1,412 

702 

•23 

14,495 

10,  IW 

2,626 

1,168 

645 

2 

6,244 

4,622 

917 

827 

377 

1 

6,954 

5,041 

954 

631 

324 

1 

59,128 

41,996 

9,210 

4,924 

2,973 

25 

30,  OSS 

tO,S73 

U,798 

f,63U 

1,7U 

9 

3,825 
7,958 

2,680 
6,666 

667 
1,112 

236 
714 

252 
461 

1 

7,811 

5,293 

1,414 

507 

696 

1 

6,527 
11,961 

6,102 
8,480 

778 
1,999 

861 
773 

286 
708 

1 

8,890 

6,891 

1,292 

786 

•    420 

1 

7,582 

6,859 

949 

918 

303 

3 

5,059 

8,518 

716 

499 

326 

1 

9,562 

7,042 

1,462 

621 

445 

2 

21,842 

15,304 

2,W1 

2,023 

1,067 

7 

lt,7t8 

9,168 

1,716 

i,m 

706 

U 

12,882 

8,922 

2,569 

601 

840 

26,709 

18,124 

4,687 

1,096 

1,917 

88 

19,696 

9,m 

1,969 

U3 

1,119 

6 

5,869 

3,593 

1,015 

872 

388 

1 

6,445 

4,646 

1,183 

424 

840 

2 

6,600 

8,786 

1,064 

406 

344 

1 

14,883 

10,563 

2,406 

1,044 

818 

2 

28,487 

19,791 

4,734 

1,975 

1,915 

22 

13,763 

9,8tA 

1,9U7 

9t»6 

l,0lt7 

9,603 

7,050 

1,330 

781 

441 

i 

10,872 

7,046 

1,782 

815 

729 

24,271 

17,153 

8,814 

1,866 

1,486 

8 

11,  m 

8,053 

1,696 

687 

681, 

1 

9,718 

7,092 

1,564 

613 

448 

1 

866,586 

262,757 

56,926 

26,607 

20,110 

137 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTL\QO. 


AltoSongo 

Baracoa 

Bayamo 

Campechnela 

Caney 

Cobre 

Cristo 

GIbara 

Gtiantanamo 

Holguin , 

Jiguani 

Manzanlllo 

CUv  of  Mamanillo 

Mayari. 

Niauero , 

Pauna  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  de  T&namo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Citif  qf  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

Theprovlnce 


12,770 
21,944 
21,193 
7,369 
9,12(5 
10,707 
1,194 
31, 5W 
28,063 
84,506 
10,495 
82,288 
U,i6U 
8,504 
2,718 
12,305 
19,984 
5,796 
11,681 
46,478 
1^,090 


327,716 


9,763 
16,745 
15,846 
5,481 
6,879 
7,927 
894 
21,961 
20,002 
23,464 
7,741 
23,668 
10,670 
6,047 
1,961 
8,624 
14, 119 
4,182 
8,336 
32,713 
30,998 


285,343 


976 

2,777 

1,235 

4»4 

984 

720 

188 

6,108 

2,497 

6,963 

873 

2,729 

1,688 

1,242 

200 

1,301 

2,834 

750 

1,109 

6,564 

6,396 


40,483 


1,788 
2,630 
8,618 
1,247 
1,028 
1,853 

119 
1,984 
4,766 
2,237 
1,642 
4,896 
1,U6 

890 

491 
2,028 
2,163 

646 
1,879 
8,757 
3,999 


39,602 


244 

889 
488 
147 
235 
205 
43 

1,518 
790 

1,856 
238 
994 
661 
323 
66 
350 
868 
217 
857 

2,435 

9,388 


12,263 


23 
8 
6 
1 
1 


64 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


302 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XVI. — Conjugal  eondUion  by  wir,  race,  and  nalwUy. 
CUBA. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wifebT 

mntnai 
consent 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 

Allolameti 

1.672,797 

1,108,709 

246,851 

181,782 

85,187 

8S8 

Males 

815,206 
757.  .MW 

600.790 
607,919 

126.067 
121,284 

65.798 
66.989 

23,060 
62.106 

496 

Fenialcii 

812 

Native  white     

910,299 

637,399 

169,364 

41.052 

61.850 

635 

Males 

Females 

447,378 
4€2,926 

336.262 
301,147 

75,464 
98,900 

20.095 
20,957 

15,207 
46.6a2 

865 

270 

Foreign  white 

142,093 

76,826 

46,189 

8.975 

U,046 

62 

Males               

116,740 
26,358 

68,671 

8, 166 

34,306 
10,888 

7.516 
1,459 

5.199 
5.847 

48 

Females 

14 

Colored .• 

620,400 

8M,484 

31,808 

81,705 

12.282 

141 

Males 

262,092 
268,306 

196,867 
198,617 

15,807 
16,501 

88,182 
48,528 

2.658 
9.600 

88 

Females 

66 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


All  rlAAHt^                                                  •     ••••....•••. 

424.804 

289,770 

77.546 

28.780 

28.612 

146 

Males                  .           

221,990 
202,814 

159,768 
130,012 

40.063 
87.463 

14.822 
14.408 

7.743 
20.809 

84 

Females 

62 

Native  white 

243,619 

166,162 

49.679 

7.880 

19,808 

96 

Males 

116,838 
126.781 

86,361 
79,811 

21.649 
28.130 

3.999 
8,881 

4,802 
14.911 

47 

FemAlRfi          

48 

Poreiflrn  white 

68,971 

38,623 

21.068 

8.746 

5.601 

S3 

Males 

Females 

54,162 
14,809 

33.764 
4,869 

16,319 
5,749 

2.824 
922 

2.240 
8.261 

25 
8 

Colored 

112,214 

84.986 

6.799 

17.104 

8.808 

18 

Males 

50.990 
61,224 

89.663 
45,332 

8.216 
8.584 

7.499 
9,605 

611 
2.697 

12 

6 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


All  classes 

202.444 

143.988 

27,087 

20.942 

10.080 

838 

Males 

103.726 

98,718 

76.709 
67,279 

13.602 
13,485 

10,466 
10,486 

2.760 
7,820 

109 

Females 

139 

Native  white 

102,682 

72,497 

19,654 

2,773 

7,662 

296 

Males 

60,324 
62,358 

88,181 
34,316 

8.611 
10.943 

1.453 
1,820 

1.004 
6.658 

176 

Females 

121 

Foreign  white 

16,236 

7,124 

5,358 

089 

1.764 

6 

Males 

11.850 
8,386 

6,297 
827 

8,023 
1,430 

896 
01 

720 
1.085 

8 

Females 

2 

Colored             

84,627 

64,367 

2.180 

17,180 

788 

37 

Males     

41,662 
42,976 

82,281 
82,186 

1,068 
1,112 

8,105 
0,075 

127 
636 

21 

Females 

16 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OONJUOAL  CONDITION. 


303 


Tablk  XVI. — Conjugal  condition  by  9ex,  rcuXj  and  nativity — Continaed. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Uving 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
matuaJ 
consent 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

Allolanefl 

173,064 

124,482 

27,100 

12,886 

8,964 

182 

Malefi   

91,688 
81,376 

68,873 
56.609 

13,783 
18,317 

6.189 
6,197 

2.772 
6,192 

71 

Females 

61 

Native  white 

114,907 

82,327 

.     20,091 

6,647 

6,843 

99 

Maleii 

Females 

58.573 
fi6,:«4 

45,102 
37,225 

8,900 
11,191 

2,609 
2,988 

1,910 
4,933 

52 
47 

Foreign  white 

10, 718 

5, 088 

4,040 

716 

867 

7 

• 

Maleu 

Femalefl 

9,447 
1.271 

4,808 
280 

3,408 
632 

664 
52 

660 
307 

7 

Colored 

47,  m 

37,067 

2,969 

6,128 

1,254 

26 

Male« 

23,668 
28,771 

18,963 
18,1(M 

1,475 
1,494 

2,916 
8.207 

302 
962 

12 

Females 

14 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


AIlrlamcA 

88,234 

62,369 

17,210 

3,606 

6,129 

21 

Malefl    

44,899 
43,336 

33.383 
28,986 

8,542 
8,668 

1.764 
1,751 

1,203 
3,926 

17 

Fcmalen. ........ ... 

4 

Native  white 

66.349 

46,778 

13,649 

1.966 

3,M8 

8 

Males 

32,575 
33,774 

24, 56^ 
22,210 

6,309 
7.340 

898 
1,068 

794 
3,1M 

6 

Females -  r  ^  -  - 

2 

Foreign  white 

4,038 

2,071 

1,408 

254 

305 

Males 

8,499 
539 

1,873 
198 

1,212 
196 

231 
23 

183 
122 

Females 

Colored 

17,847 

13,520 

2,153 

1,285 

876 

13 

Males 

8,825 
9,022 

6,942 
6,678 

1,021 
1,182 

625 
660 

226 
660 

11 

Females 

2 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Allclames 

356,686 

252,757 

66,926 

26,607 

20.110 

187 

Males 

189.067 
167.479 

141,189 
111,568 

28,681 
28,244 

18,315 
13.292 

5,791 
14.319 

81 

Females 

56 

Native  white 

214.916 

151, 130 

40,401 

7,661 

16,669 

94 

Males 

106.771 
108. 174 

80,  W6 
70,184 

18,084 
22,317 

8,598 
4,063 

4,086 
11,573 

57 

Females 

87 

Foreign  white 

29,823 

16,894 

9,203 

1.8-16 

1,866 

14 

Males 

25.336 
4,487 

15,598 
1,296 

7,071 
2,132 

1,6(M 
242 

1,052 
814 

u 

Females 

3 

Colored       

111,768 

84,733 

7.321 

17.100 

2,586 

29 

Males 

56.950 
64,818 

44,615 
40,088 

8.526 
3,795 

8,113 
8.987 

653 
1,932 

13 

Females 

16 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


304  BEPOBT  ON  TH£  CEliSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XVI. — Conjugal  condUumt  by  sex,  race,  and  natwity — Ck>DtmuecL 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

UTlng 
together 

aahos- 

bandand 

wUeby 

mntnal 
coDsent 

Wld- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

All  claases                

827,715 

285.848 

40.488 

89.5A2 

12.268 

64 

Males           

163,  H15 
163,870 

120,878 
U4,465 

20,876 
20,107 

19,767 
19,806 

2.790 
9.m 

44 

Females 

20 

Native  white 

167, 7»7 

118,505 

25.960 

15.226 

8,044 

4S 

Males        

82,292 
85,506 

61,104 
57,401 

12,001 
18,979 

7,588 
7,687 

1.621 
6,428 

28 

Females 

16 

Foreign  white 

13,813 

7,026 

4,U7 

1.424 

748 

• 

Males 

Females 

11,446 
1,867 

6,841 
685 

8,878 
744 

1,296 
129 

435 
806 

8 
1 

Colored 

146,605 

109,812 

10,886 

22. 9U 

8.476 

18 

Males 

Females 

70,107 
76,498 

58,433 
56,879 

6,002 
6.884 

10.934 
11.969 

784 
2,742 

14 

4 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOe. 


All  classes 

80,088 

20.978 

4.798 

2,tt4 

1.724 

9 

Males 

14,689 
15,449 

10,627 
10,846 

2,876 
2.423 

1,268 
1.266 

314 
1.410 

5 

Females     

4 

Native  white               .         

15,735 

10,992 

2,772 

800 

1,169 

2 

Males 

7,046 
8,690 

6,410 
6,582 

1.094 
1.678 

876 
424 

163 
1,006 

2 

Females 

Foreiim  white 

3,485 

1,830 

1,129 

813 

212 

1 

Males 

2,900 

685 

1,647 
188 

8n 

258 

274 
89 

107 
105 

1 

VpTnfLlAfl          - 

Colored 

10,818 

8,151 

897 

1.421 

843 

6 

Males 

4,644 
6,174 

3.570 
4,581 

410 

487 

618 
803 

44 
299 

2 

Females 

4 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


All  classes       .                         

235,981 

160,780 

42,071 

18.268 

14,799 

78 

Males 

123,268 
112,723 

88,737 
72,043 

22,008 
20,068 

9.106 
9,148 

8.872 
11,427 

41 

Females 

87 

Native  white 

115,532 

79,221 

22.719 

4,727 

8.816 

49 

Males 

52,940 
62,592 

89,692 
89,629 

9.191 
18,628 

2.468 
2.264 

1,574 
7,242 

20 

Femal*^ 

29 

Foreign  white 

52,901 

80.251 

16,628 

8.080 

4,024 

18 

Males 

41,190 
11,711 

26,894 
8,867 

11,084 
4,494 

2,271 
809 

1,478 
2,646 

18 

Females 

5 

Colored 

67,548 

51,806 

8.824 

10.446 

1,969 

11 

Males 

29,128 
38,420 

22,651 
28,667 

1,778 
2,046 

4.871 
6,078 

820 
1,639 

8 

Females 

8 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION, 


305 


Table  XVI. — Conjugal  condition  by  «e.r,  race^  and  naiivity, — Continued. 
CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 
5  607 

Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 

0  «17 

Wid- 
owed. 

2,409 

Un- 
Itnown. 

AllclAflnen 

36,374 

25,520 

21 

Males 

16,92f> 
19,448 

12,300 
13,220 

2,743 
2.864 

1,406 
1,411 

470 
1,939 

7 

Femal?*! . , 

14 

Native  white 

20,931 

14,629 

3,857  j            70U 

1.718 

18 

Males 

9,219 
11,712 

6,996 
7,633 

1.574  1            866 
2, 283  1           343 

276 
1.442 

7 

Females 

11 

Foreign  white. ..,..,...- 

3,644 

1,681 

1,247  I            220 

496 

.......... 

Males 

2,696 
949 

1,408 
273 

930  1            192 

165 
331 

817 

28 

Colored 

11,799 

9,210 

503 

1,888 

195 

3 

Males 

5,012 
6,787 

3,896 
5,314 

239 
264 

848 
1,040 

29 
166 

Pemalen 

3 

CITY  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


All  clawHi 

26,102  1 

17,155 

4,956 

786 

2,204 

2 

Males 

10,912 
14,190 

7,919 
9.230 

2,249 
2, 707 

393 
392 

351 
1,853 

FemalesZ 

2 

Native  white 

16,605  I 

11,104 

3,505 

830 

1,566 

1 

Males 

6,764 
9,741 

6,022 
6.082 

1.413 
2,092 

145 

185 

184 
1,381 

Females 

1 

Foreign  white 

1,283  1 

602 

482 

88 

111 

' 

Males 

1,0W  i 
199  1 

520 
82 

421 
61 

HO 
8 

63 

48 

Females 

Colored 

7,314  1 

6,449 

969 

367 

5-28 

I 

Males 

8,064  1 
4,250  1 

2,377 
3,072 

415 
554 

168 
199 

104 
424 

Females 

1 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Allclamefl 

43,090 

30,998 

6,396 

3,299 

2,388 

9 

Males 

19,922 
23.168 

14,661 
16,337 

3,1M 
3,242 

1,635 
l,6fr4 

465 
1,923 

7 

Females 

2 

Native  white 

15,258 

10,691 

2,716 

619 

1.228 

4 

Males 

6,702 
8,556 

5,069 
6,622 

1,158 
1,558 

294 
325 

179 
1,019 

2 

Females 

2 

Foreign  white 

3,440 

2,016 

969 

258 

197 

1 

Males 

2,795 
646 

1,712 
303 

744 
225 

230 

28 

108 
89 

1 

Female*. 

Colored 

24,392 

18,292 

2,711 

2,4-22 

963 

4 

Mul*^ 

10,425 
13,967 

7,880 
10,412 

1,252 
1.459 

1,111 
1.311 

178 

785 

4 

Females 

24662- 


-20 


Digitized  by  LaOOQlC 


306 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Cot^jugul  condition  btf  uge,  8€x\  race,  and  ftaiivily, 

CUBA. 
Total  Po^'Latiok. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


UWng 
together 
aabus- 
band  and 
wile  by 
mutual 
conient. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Vn- 
known. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15tol7yeare 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

46to64yean 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

Cuba 


577,086 
106.770 
71,265 
40.810 
112,649 
137.405 
118,812 
185,066 
117,528 
68.182 
87,699 
85 


576,361 
108,681 
68,644 
82,678 
79.684 
72.029 
45.385 
57.221 
87,293 
24,821 
15,957 
55 


67 

1.6S2 

4,121 

8,963 

19.542 

89,688 

44.060 

72,687 

88.788 

16.381 

5,624 

8 


61 

1.426 

8.218 

8,811 

11,268 

20,077 

21,266 

85.824 

20,762 

10,352 

4,673 

4 


22 

09 

2.-16 

857 

2.123 

5,732 

8,088 

19,821 

26.666 

16.611 

11,431 

2 


1,572,797   1,108,709 


246,851 


131,732 


85,167 


525 
62 
26 
11 
82 
29 
23 
58 
80 
17 
14 
16 


838 


Total  Malks. 


Under  15  years — 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years.' 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  41  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 
UnknoMrn 


298,089 
49.696 
34,650 
19.777 
59.281 
78.206 
64.023 

101.806 

64.096 

87.099 

18.976 

67 


292,789 
49,686 
84,182 
18,886 
61.194 
48,498 
29,874 
88,567 
20,699 
14,081 
8,135 
84 


Cuba ,    815,205  1    600,790 


17 

86 

183 

889 

4.014 

14,612 

21,948 

42,629 

26,247 

11,706 

4,378 

6 


125,067 


11 

67 

291 

669 

8,  /// 

8.896 

10,401 

19,089 

12,681 

6.845 

3.226 

2 


65,793 


17 

18 

27 

29 

228 

1.190 

2,284 

5,986 

6,600 

4,456 

8,280 


23,06» 


286 
49 
17 

4 
23 
16 
16 
84 
19 
10 

8 
15 


Total  Pcmalks. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yearn. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 
Unknown 

C^ba 


283.947 
67,074 
86.615 
20.583 
63,418 
64,199 
64,789 
83,751 
68,432 
31.083 
18,723 
28 


757,592 


283,602 
64.045 
29,462 
13.842 
28.490 
23.536 
16.011 
23,654 
16.694 
10,740 
7,822 
21 


607.919 


50 

1,606 

8,988 

8,614 

15,528 

24,926 

22,112 

80,008 

13,641 

4,673 

1.246 

2 


121,284 


50 

1,369 

2,927 

2,742 

7,491 

11,182 

10,866 

16,285 

8,181 

8,607 

1,448 

2 


65,999 


5 

51 

229 

828 

1,900 

4,542 

6,804 

18,885 

15.065 

12,166 

8,201 

2 


62,108 


240 
18 


18 


842 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


307 


Tabak  XV'll. — Caiijufjttl  condUion  hy  age,  st'.t\  ratv^  and  nut  idly — Ck)iitiiiued. 

CUBA— Coutlnued. 
Total  Native  Whitb. 


Under  15  yean . . . 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yean. . . 

20  years 

21  to24yean( 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  &4  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

Cuba 


Total. 


28, 
64, 
74, 
63, 
95, 
52, 
26, 
12, 


910,299 


Single. 


67,5?2 

39,473 

18,957 

43,609 

33, 151 

17,807 

19,241 

8,620 

4,063 

1,989 

26 


637,399 


Married. 


55 

1.316 

3,355 

3,108 

15,071 

29,134 

31,428 

49,043 

24,174 

9,614 

3,053 

3 


169,354 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


23 

656 

1,390 

1,371 

4,350 

7,122 

7,361 

11,430 

5,168 

1,767 

424 


41,052 


Wid- 
owed. 


16 

56 

199 

290 

1,722 

4,687 

6,410 

15,258 

14,850 

11,238 

7,122 

2 


Un- 
known. 


61,859 


447 

54 

21 

5 

20 

17 

12 

29 

17 

8 

1 

4 


Native  Whitb  Males. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85 to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 
Unknown 


195,718 
82.075 
20,743 
10,996 
31,095 
85.588 
31,054 
47,705 
25,192 
11,996 
5,187 
24 


Cuba 447,373 


196,445 

81,964 

20,505 

10,588 

26,730 

21,690 

11,422 

11,201 

4,191 

1,761 

787 

18 


12 

30 

99 

239 

2,772 

9,697 

14,112 

25,801 

14,072 

6,337 

2,281 

2 


336,252  I      75,454 


•     2 

24 

109 

195 

1,411 

3,236 

3,785 

6.409 

3.302 

1,274 

348 


13 

14 

17 

23 

169 

956 

1,728 

4,280 

3,616 

2,621 

1,770 


20,095 


246 
43 
13 
1 

13 
9 
7 
14 
11 
8 
1 
4 


365 


Native  White  Females. 


Under  16  years '  187, 

15  to  17  years 37, 

18  and  19  years '  23, 

20  years !  12, 

21  to  24  years |  33, 

25  to  29  years 38, 

SO  to  84  years |  31, 

35  to  44  years 47, 

45  to  64  years I  27, 

55  to  64  years [  14, 

65  years  and  over '  7, 

Unknown ; 

Cuba '  462,926 

I 


714 

187,446 

43 

21 

3 

579 

35,608 

1,286 

632 

42 

695 

18,968 

3,256 

1,281 

182 

735 

8,419 

2,869 

1.176 

267 

677 

16,879 

12,299 

2,989 

1,553 

523 

11,461 

19,437 

8,886 

3,731 

954 

6,385 

17,316 

3,566 

4,682 

296 

8,010 

23,242 

5,021 

10,978 

646 

4,429 

10,102 

1,866 

11,243 

694 

2,302 

3,277 

493 

8,617 

402 

1,202 

772 

76 

6,352 

11 

8 

1 

2 

301.147 


93,900        20,957  I      46,652  | 


201 
11 
8 
4 
7 
8 
6 
15 


270 


Digitized  by 


Google 


308 


REPOBT  ON  THE   CENSUS  OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CUBA— ConUnaed. 
Total  FORXieM  White. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 

as  bus- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  years.... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 
Unknown 


5.682 
8,477 
4,830 
8.646 
16,549 
23.030 
19,675 
81,512 
19,814 
9,820 
4,546 
17 


5.670 
3,892 
4,584 
8,330 
14,129 
16,308 
10,895 
11.421 
4.843 
1,974 
775 
5 


68 

183 

245 

1,766 

5,013 

7,014 

14,930 

9,893 

4,496 

1,547 

4 


2 

15 

49 

58 

537 

1,306 

1.588 

2,993 

1.670 

596 

161 


1 

1 

U 

11 

114 

367 

672 

2,156 

2,900 

2,762 

2,061 


Cuba 142,098 


76,826 


45,189 


8,975 


11,046 


9 
1 
3 
2 
3 
6 
6 
12 
8 
2 
2 
8 


62 


Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
UnknoMm 

Cuba 


8,134 
2,640 
4,068 
8,044 
14,241 
19,647 
16,646 
26,449 
16,515 
7,327 
8,013 
16 


116,740 


8,128 

2,637 

4,040 

2,977 

13,178 

15,401 

9,844 

10,687 

4,442 

1,721 

611 

5 


68,671 


1 

12 

85 

656 

8,069 

5,164 

12,014 

8,211 

8,805 

1,344 

8 


34,806 


1 

10 

29 

876 

1,046 

1,296 

2,681 

1,503 

530 

145 


7,516 


3 
1 

27 

137 

338 

1,166 

1,854 

1,270 

912 


5,199 


5 
1 
8 
2 
2 
4 
6 
11 
5 
1 
1 
8 


48 


Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

Cuba 


2,548 

837 

762 

602 

2,308 

3,383 

8,029 

6,063 

3,799 

2,493 

1,533 

1 


26,358 


2,542 
766 
544 
853 
961 
907 
561 
734 
401 
263 
164 


8.166 


67 

171 

210 

1,108 

1,984 

1,850 

2,916 

1,682 

691 

203 

1 


10,883 


2 

14 

39 

29 

161 

260 

293 

412 

167 

66 

16 


1,469 


1 

8 

10 

87 

230 

334 

1,000 

1,546 

1,482 

1,149 


6,847 


14 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


809 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  agey  sejr^  race^  and  naiwity — Oontinaed. 

CUBA— Continued. 
Total  Colored. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 

as  bus- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

Cuba 


187,922 
88,639 
21,997 
12,933 
81.328 
40,264 
86,129 
58,548 
45,376 
81,672 
20,564 
83 


520,400 


187,800 
82,617 
19,587 
10,391 
21,946 
22,570 
17,183 
26,559 
23,830 
18,784 
13.193 
24 


12 

248 

583 

600 

2,705 

5,361 

5,618 

8,664 

4,721 

2,271 

1,024 

1 


755 

1,779 

1.882 

6,381 

11.649 

12,317 

20.901 

13,924 

7,989 

4,088 

4 


5 

12 

46 

56 

287 

678 

1,006 

2,407 

2,896 

2,621 

2,248 


894,484 


81,806 


81,705 


12,262 


7 
2 
4 
9 
6 
5 

12 
5 
7 

11 
4 


141 


Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years 

18and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unlmown 

Cuba 


94,237 
14,961 
9,839 
5,737 
13.895 
17, 9n 
16,323 
27,151 
28,389 
17,776 
10,776 
17 


252.092 


94,186 
14,985 

9.637 

5,321 
11,286 
11.402 

8,108 
11,679 
11,966 
10,599 

6,737 
11 


195,867 


5 

5 

22 

65 

584 

1,856 

2,672 

4,814 

2,964 

1,566 

753 

1 


15,807 


9 

82 

172 

845 

1,990 

4,613 

5,321 

10.099 

7,826 

5,041 

2,732 

2 


88,182 


3 
4 

7 

5 

27 

97 

218 

560 

630 

664 

548 


2,653 


84 
5 
1 
1 
8 
8 
4 
9 
8 
6 
6 
8 


88 


Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to  34  yearn 

35  to  44  yearn 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

Cuba 


93.685 
18,658 
12,158 

7,196 
17,433 
22,293 
19,806 
31.392 
21,967 
13,896 

9,738 
16 


268,306 


98,614 
17,682 
9,950 
5,070 
10,660 
11,168 
9,075 
14.880 
11.864 
8,185 
6,456 
13 


198,617 


-.7 

243 

561 

535 

2,121 

8,505 

2.946 

8,850 

1,757 

705 

271 


16,501 


27 

723 

1,607 

1,537 

4,391 

7,036 

6,996 

10,802 

6,096 

2,9t8 

1,856 

2 


43,528 


2 

8 

39 

51 

260 

581 

788 

1,857 

2,266 

2,057 

•1,700 


9,609 


85 
2 

1 
8 
1 
8 
1 
3 
2 
1 
5 
1 


58 


Digitized  by 


Google 


310 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1809. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  ronditwn  hy  agf,  «er,  race,  and  naHvUy—ContXnned. 

PROVINCE  OP  HABANA. 
Total  Population. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  I'J  yeaw 

20  years 

21to24yeani 

25  to  29  years 

SO  to  34  years 

85  to  41  years 

45  to  5-1  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


Total. 


190,465 
28,121 
20,400 
11,181 
88,070 
46,029 
^,463 
63,519 
32,883 
18,829 
9,814 
80 


Single. 


180,861 

27,328 

18,875 

9,809 

27,684 

24,666 

14.931 

17,297 

10,032 

6,174 

3,696 

17 


Married. 


Living 
together 
aa  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent 


24 
456 

1,216 

1,105 

6,666 

18,228 

13,906 

22,816 

11,876 

6,144 

1.624 

2 


424,804       289,770  I      77,546        28,780 


16 

299 

725 

669 

8,111 

6,190 

4,961 

7,398 

8,894 

1,810 

661 

1 


Wid- 
owed. 


13 

27 

76 

94 

714 

1,941 

2,666 

6,491 

7,074 

6,696 

8,832 


Un- 
known. 


51 
12 
9 
4 
6 
9 
10 
22 
7 
5 
1 
10 


146 


Total  Males. 


Under  15  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yeans 

20  years 

21  to  2i  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  61  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unniown 

The  province 


65,486 
13.438 
10,333 
6,736 
20,568 
24.981 
20,357 
29,682 
17,478 
9,564 
4,401 
26 


221,990 


13.406 
10,175 
5,460 
17,807 
16,834 
10,044 
10,420 
6,425 
3,199 
1,590 
13 


159,758 


6 

7 

53 

113 

1,632 

5,276 

7,096 

18,387 

7,761 

8,618 

1,288 

2 


40,088 


2 

8 

92 

151 

1,128 

2,418 

2,480 

4.026 

2,873 

1,181 

462 

1 


14,822 


10 

11 

9 

12 

87 

448 

731 

1,889 

1,916 

1,564 

1,066 


7,743 


33 
6 
4 


4 

6 
6 
10 
3 
2 


10 


84 


Total  Fbmalbs. 


Under  16  years 

15  tcr  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


66,029 
14,683 
10,067 
6.445 
17,512 
20,(M8  I 
16.106 
23,837  I 
16,406  I 
9,265  I 
6,413  I 
4  1 


64,976 
13.922 
8,200 
3,849 
9,777 
7,832 
4,887 
6,877 
4,607 
2,975 
2,106 
4 


18 

448 

1.163 

992 

5,123 

7,948 

6,810 

8,979 

4,115 

1,526 

841 


202,814   180,012  i   87,463 


14 

291 

633 

618 

1,988 

2,775 

2.481 

3,867 

1.621 

629 

199 


14,406 


8 

16 

66 

82 

627 

1,493 

1.924 

4.602 

5,158 

4,182 

2,766 


20,869 


18 
6 
6 
A 
2 
8 
4 

12 
4 
8 
1 


62 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


311 


Tablb  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  hy  age,  srx^  rarr^  and  natrntu — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 

Total  Native  Whitb. 


Under  15  yean 

IStonycnrR 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

66  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


Total. 


m.026 

18,772 

12,622 

6,418 

21,102 

23,075 

17,827 

25,289 

14,211 

7,595 

8,680 

7 


248,619 


Single. 


92,949 

18,280 

11,227 

5.180 

14.282 

10.398 

5,104 

5,159 

2.074 

1.006 

546 

5 


Living 
together 
,  ashiis- 
Married.  >band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 


21 

878 

1.036 

883 

5,106 

9,408 

9.212 

18,498 

6,629 

2,700 

807 

I 


166.162  i      49.679 


133 

292 

274 

1,127 

1,683 

1,435 

1,861 

758 

255 

54 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


9 
22 
59 
73 

1.580 
2.071 
4,758 
4,746 


2,273 


7.880  I      19,803 


9 
8 
3 
3 
6 
5 
13 
4 
4 


Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18andl9yearM 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  84  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  61  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


46.910 
8,579 
6,824 
2,876 
9.822 

10,963 
8,660 

12.286 
6,403 
3,146 
1,878 
6 


116,1 


46,878 

8,569 

5,734 

2.718 

8.278 

6,388 

8.229 

2,966 

1,006 

416 

185 

4 


86.351 


5 

4 

42 

92 

1.054 

3,843 

4,067 

6.923 

8,749 

1,671 

1 


1 

3 

38 

57 

428 

869 

812 

1.111 

466 

173 

40 


21,549  I 


3,999 


7 

9 

6 

9 

66 

359 

540 

1,282 

1,180 

884 

660 


4.892 


24 
4 
8 


47 


Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

SO  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  61  yean 

66  yean  and  over . . 
UnKDOwn 

The  province 


46,116 
10,198 
6,798 
8,537 
11,280 
12,112 
9.177 
18.008 
7,806 
4,449 
2,307 
1 


126,781 


46,076 

9,671 

5,498 

2,462 

6,009 

4,010 

1.875 

2,193 

1.068 

692 

361 

1 


79,811 


16 

874 

994 

791 

4,062 

6,066 

5,145 

6,575 

2.880 

1,029 

209 


28,180 


7 
130 
253 
217 
699 
814 
623 
7o0 
292 
82 
14 


2 

18 

53 

64 

518 

1,221 

1,631 

3,476 

8,566 

2,744 

1,723 


14,911 


15 
5 
5 
8 
2 
2 
8 
9 
2 
2 


48 


Digitized  by 


Google 


312 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Ckmjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  andnaiivUy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— ConUnued. 
Total  Foreign  Whitk. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


living 
together 

aa  bus- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  yearn 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 
Unknown 


3.240 
2,041 
2,744 
1,915 
8,452 

11,224 
9,560 

14,517 
8,541 
4,576 
2,120 
11 


8»282 
2,003 
2,643 
1,815 
7,216 
7,895 
6,037 
5.217 
2,196 
984 


88 

73 

108 

901 

2,559 

8.489 

7,043 

4,288 

1,933 

645 

1 


2 
4 

24 

25 

275 

594 

719 

1,182 

604 

248 

69 


Theproviuce 68,971 


21,068 


8,746 


3 

2 

68 

178 

811 

1,069 

1,451 

1,410 

1,023 


5,501 


Foreign  Wnrrs  Males. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


1,762 
1,687 
2,382 
1,647 
7.155 
9,300 
7,794 
11,552 
6,417 
3.197 
1,318 
11 


1,748 

1,685 

2,867 

1,624 

6,634 

7,824 

4,664 

4,738 

1,921 

816 

280 

8 


54,162  I      38,764        15,819 


1 

8 

10 

826 

1,480 

2,467 

6,438 

8,435 

1.608 

560 

1 


6 
18 
179 
484 
682 
907 
493 
203 
68 


14 
60 
138 
409 
667 
670 
420 


2,240 


7 
25 


Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

The  province 


1,488 

404 

362 

.   298 

1,297 

1,924 

1,766 

2,965 

2,124 

1,879 

802 


14,809 


1,484 
868 
276 
191 
682 
671 
873 
479 
275 
168 
102 


82 
66 

676 
1,079 
1,032 
1,610 


85 


6,749 


2 

4 

19 

12 

96 

160 

187 

276 

111 

45 

11 


2 
2 
44 

113 
178 
600 
884 
840 


8,261 


Digitized  by 


Google 


OONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


313 


Table  XVII. — Ckn^ugal  condition  by  agt^  sttx,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PBOVINCB  OF  HABANA-<}ontlnued. 

Total  Golobsd. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  years 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45to54  yean 

55to64  yean 

65  yean  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


84,199 
7,808 
5,084 
2,828 
8,516 

10,780 
9,076 

18,718 

10.181 

6,658 

4,014 

12 


84,180 
7,095 
4,605 
2,814 
6,086 
6.878 
4,790 
6,921 
5,762 
4,182 
2.768 
9 


8 
44 

107 

119 

648 

1,256 

1,206 

1,775 

959 

511 

172 


6 

162 

409 

870 

1,709 

2,918 

2,807 

4,850 

2,582 

1.807 

538 

1 


112,214 


84^965 


6,799 


17,101 


8 

5 

18 

19 

72 

188 

278 

664 

877 

658 

586 


8,806 


2 
"l8 


OoLOBKD  Males, 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  years. 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


16,774 
8.222 
2,127 
1,218 
8.581 
4,718 
8,913 
5,844 
4,658 
8,221 
1,710 
9 


50,990 


89,653 


16.764 

1 

8.212 

2 

2,074 

8 

1.118 

11 

2.900 

162 

8,122 

452 

2,151 

572 

2,716 

981 

2,498 

577 

1,967 

889 

1,125 

125 

6 

8,215 


1 

5 

48 

81 

621 

1,115 

1,186 

2,008 

1.414 

805 

864 

1 


7.499 


2 
2 
2 
8 
7 

29 
53 
138 
169 
110 
96 


611 


2 
12 


OOLORED  FSMALn. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21io24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

65  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


Digitized  by 


Google 


314 


REPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. —  Conjugal  condition  hy  age,  war,  rare,  and  nativify — Continued. 

PEOVINCK  OF  MATANZA8. 

Total  Population. 


Under  15  yean* 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yeaw 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unlcnown 

The  province 


Total. 


70.441 

13,096 

9.047 

5,008 

14.490 

17,788 

14,418 

22,963 

16,969 

11,404 

6,799 

21 


202,444 


Single. 


70. 

12, 
8. 
4, 

10, 
9, 
5> 
7, 

S: 

8, 


148,968 


Married. 


7 

119 

336 

335 

2,054 

4,559 

4,741 

7,851 

4,464 

1,922 

698 

1 


27,687 


Uvlng 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

matuai 
consent 


11 

224 

492 

482 

1,778 

2,957 

2,918 

4,873 

8,626 

2,818 

1,266 

2 


»,942 


Wid- 
owed. 


4 

26 

39 

276 

756 

1.012 

2,438 

.2,406 

1,877 

1,259 

2 


10,069 


Un- 
known. 


284 
85 
2 


Total  Malbb. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


35,580 
6,028 
4,160 
2,368 
7,096 
8,852 
7,453 

12,287 
9,466 
6,759 
3,668 
12 


103,726 


85,427 
5.978 
4,098 
2,280 
6,082 
5,792 
8,462 
4,420 
8,850 
3,399 
1,972 
9 


76,709 


2 

4 

9 

22 

an 

1,659 
2,277 
4,572 
2,862 
1,887 
536 
1 


13,602 


2 

12 

55 

112 

625 

1,853 

1,420 

2,662 

2,078 

1,439 

809 

1 


10,456 


2 
4 

16 
147 
294 
738 
677 
533 
847 


2,760 


149 

84 

1 


199 


Total  Femalks. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  61  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


34,861 
7,073 
4,887 
2,640 
7,892 
8,936 
6,965 

10,676 
7,503 
4,645 
8,131 
9 


98,718 


34,712 
6,741 
4,098 
1,922 
4,298 
3,723 
2,289 
3.881 
2,623 
1,886 
1,600 
6 


67,279 


5 

115 

827 

818 

1.688 

8,000 

2,464 

8,279 

1,602 

585 

162 


13,485 


9 

212 

487 

870 

1,158 

1.604 

1,498 

2,821 

1.560 

879 

457 

1 


10,486 


4 

24 

85 

268 

609 

718 

1,695 

1.728 

1.344 

912 

2 


7,329 


185 
1 

1 


139 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUOAL   CONDITION. 


315 


Tabls  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  racey  and  nativity — Continueil. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS-Contlnued. 

Total  Native  Whitb. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  1>  years 

lf>  to  17  years 

Id  and  19  years 

20  years ,.. 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  81  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to51  years 

55to64y«ars 

65  years  and  over . . 
Uncnown 

The  province 


42,119 
8,141 
5,424 
2,766 
8.152 
9,243 
7.084 

10,267 

5.660 

2.662 

1.202 

12 


41,857 

7,943 

5,000 

2,362 

5,850 

4.377 

1.976 

1,88-2 

762 

329 

150 

9 


6 

102 

274 

269 

1,677 

3,637 

3.685 

5,696 

2,857 

1.038 

816 


1 

61 
127 
104 
899 
582 
511 
649 
253 
69 
17 


102.682 


72.497 


19,564 


2,773 


2 

21 

81 

225 

646 

862 

2,086 

1,787 

1.231 

719 

2 


7,562 


Si 
2 


296 


Nativk  Whitb  Hales. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  21  years 

25  to  29  years 

30toSlyear8 

a'>ti4l  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  61  years 

66  years  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


21,440 
3,762 
2.500 
1,302 
3.842 
4.328 
8,472 
5,220 
2,730 
1,224 
496 
8 


50,324 


21,302 

3.725 

2.479 

1,-269 

3,378 

2,789 

1,306 

1.218 

450 

181 

77 

7 


38,181 


6 

15 

285 

1,112 

1,620 

3.001 

1.659 

677 

231 


8.611 


2 
13 
15 
163 
297 
804 
413 
174 
57 
15 


1.453 


1 
8 
15 
129 
242 
586 
446 
809 
173 


1.904 


136 

32 

1 


1 
175 


Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years ; 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  lo64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


20,679 
4.379 
2.924 
1,464 
4.310 
4.915 
3.562 
5,047 
2.930 
1.438 
706 
4 


52.858 


20,555 

4.218 

2.521 

1.093 

2.472 

1,588 

670 

664 

312 

148 

73 

2 


4 

99 

268 

254 

1.392 

2,525 

2,065 

2.697 

1.196 

a56 

85 


1 

59 

114 

89 

■236 

285 

207 

236 

79 

12 

2 


34.316        10,948  I 


1,820 


2 

20 

28 

210 

517 

620 

l,4ftO 

1,341 

922 

516 

2 


5,658 


119 
1 

1 


121 


Digitized  by 


Google 


816 


SEPOBT  ON  THB  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XVll,^C(»yuffal  condUUm  by  age,  »ez,  rcicef  and  natMy--Contmaed. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS-Oootinoed. 

Total  Fokbgn  Writs. 


TotoL 


Single. 


lurried. 


liTing 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutoal 
consent 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  yean 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


484 

290 

885 

278 

1,558 

2,082 

1,900 

3,394 

2,462 

1,602 

809 

1 


480 

285 

855 

247 

1.805 

1.870 

975 

1.154 

542 

800 

lU 


20 

198 

684 

676 

1,618 

1,272 

715 

802 

1 


6 
8 
40 
129 
167 
859 
184 
75 
21 


15,285 


7.124 


5.858 


2 

3 

20 

49 

82 

267 

464 

502 

875 


1.764 


FoBKiGM  Whits  Malsb. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


278 

190 

284 

221 

1.287 

1,720 

1,576 

2,809 

1,870 

1,112 

607 

1 


11,860 


271 

190 

282 

218 

1.205 

1.287 

9U 

1,088 

602 

264 

89 


6,297 


1 

2 

46 

804 

478 

1,258 

995 

588 

260 

1 


8.923 


1 

5 

84 

117 

163 

888 

169 

67 

19 


1 

2 

12 

84 

134 

204 

198 

149 


729 


FossioN  White  Fsmalbb. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 

The  province 


211 
100 
101 
57 
271 


585 
592 
480 
802 


8,885 


209 
95 
73 
34 

100 
83 
64 
71 
40 
36 
22 


827 


5 
21 
18 
147 
280 
196 
865 
277 
127 
62 


1,480 


91 


2 

2 

18 

37  I 

48 

183 

260 

809 

226 


1,035 


Digitized  by 


Google 


COirjUOAL  CONDITION. 


317 


Tablb  XVII. — Omjvtgal  condition  by  age,  Bex,  race,  and  naiHvity — Continaed. 
PSOVINCE  OF  MATAKZAS— Continaed. 
.  Total  Oolobbd. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutoai 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

SO  to  S4  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer  .. 
Unknown 

The  provlnoe 


27,888 
4,665 
8,288 
1,964 
4,780 
6,463 
5,484 
9,802 
8,847 
7,150 
4.788 
8 


27,802 
4.486 
2,886 
1,543 
8,225 
8,768 
2,800 
4,765 
5,169 
4,666 
8,8U 
6 


1 

12 

40 

46 

184 

888 

880 

540 

835 

174 

80 


10 

168 

859 

870 

1.389 

2,246 

2,285 

8,865 

8,189 

2,174 

1,228 

2 


25 

2 
8 

2 

5 

81 
61 

1 

68 
180 
154 

1 
2 

144 
165 

2 

4 

84,627 


64,867 


2,180 


17,180 


768 


87 


OOLOBED  MALBB. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


18,867 
2,071 
1,876 
845 
1,969 
2,804 
2,405 
4,258 
4,866 
4,428 
2,665 
8 


41,662 


18,854 
2,058 
1,332 
748 
1,499 
1,716 
1,245 
2,119 
2,896 
2,954 
1,806 
2 


32,281 


1 
2 
5 
40 
143 
179 
818 
206 
122 
55 


1,068 


2 

10 

41 

92 

428 

989 

968 

1,806 

1,788 

1,815 

775 

1 


8,105 


127 


11 

2 

1 

1 

6 

1 

18 

18 
27 

2 

81 
25 

1 

4 

21 


Ck)LOBBD  Females. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


18,971 
2,594 
1,862 
1,119 
2,811 
8,659 
8,079 
5,044 
3,961 
2,727 
2,128 
5 


42,975 


13,948 
2,428 
1,504 
795 
1,726 
2,062 
1,565 
2,646 
2,271 
1,702 
1,505 
4 


82,186 


1 

11 

88 

41 

144 

245 

201 

227 

127 


1,112 


8 

158 

818 

278 

911 

1,807 

1,272 

2,069 

1,456 

859 

458 

1 


9,075 


14 

2 

2 

5 

80 

55 

50 
112 

1 

127 

118 
140 

1 

16 


Digitized  by 


Google 


318 


BEPOKT   ON   THE   CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Cm^txgal  condition  by  age,  wx,  raccy  and  ii^HvUtj — Continued. 

PROVINCE  or  PINAR  DEL  Ria 
Total  Population. 


Under  15  yean 

16  to  17  years..."... 
18  and  19  yeara 

20  years 

21  to  24  yeara 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  &4' yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown.. 

The  province 


Total. 


68,210 
12.260 
8,467 
5.759 
18,636 
16.978 
12,311 
16,744 
10, 176 
6,502 
8,016 
6 


Single. 


68,101 
11.871 
7,612 
4,650 
9,433 
8,518 
4,361 
4,525 
2.625 
1,707 
1,276 
3 


Married. 


542 
633 
2,510 
4,988 
4.819 
7,166 
8,963 
1,699 
563 


178,064  ,    124,482        27,100 


Uving 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent 


12,886 


Wid- 
owed. 


2 

3 

157 

7 

374 

34 

513 

69 

1,408 

278 

2,667 

801 

2,154 

977 

2,?26 

2.323 

1,453 

2,132 

617 

1.479 

315 

871 

Un- 
known. 


8,904 


99 

S 
5 

4 
7 

4 


132 


Total  Ma  lbs. 


Under  16  yean 

16  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

SO  to  84  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  64  yean 

66  to  G4  yean 

65  yean  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


34,966 
6,918 
4.256 
2.808 
7.153 
9,132 
6,871 
9,569 
5,902 
3,339 
1,781 


34.902 
6,901 
4,215 
2,682 
6,154 
5,880 
2,818 
2,822 
1,615 
1,085 
798 
1 


91,688  I   68,873 


4 

3 

U 

62 

651 

1,902 

2,697 

4,304 

2,636 

1,279 


13,783 


9 

18 

69 

416 

1,185 

1,167 

1,650 

987 

459 

229 


6,18» 


3 

3 

4 

2 

27 

162 

289 

789 

662 

516 

815 


2,772 


47 
*2 
3 
3 
5 
8 


Total  Females. 


Under  15  yean.  .-.■. 

16  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean — 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  34  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over  . 
Unknown 


The  province  . 


33,254 
6,342 
4,211 
2,951 
6,483 
7.846 
5.440 
7,175 
4.274 
2.163 
1.235 
2 


81,876 


33,199 

6.970 

8,297 

1.868 

8,279 

2,638 

1,543 

1,703 

1.010 

622 

478 

2 


56,609 


1 

219 

626 

681 

1.969 

8.086 

2,222 

2.862 

1,327 

420 

IH 


13.617 


2 
148 
356 
444 

992 
1,482 

987 
1,076 

466 

158 


6,197 


4 

30 

57 

251 


1,634 

1,470 

963 

556 


52 
1 
2 

1 
2 

1 


61 


Digitized  by 


Google 


OONJUOAL  OONOITION. 


319 


Tablb  XVII. — Cofyugal  condition  by  age,  9ex,  race,  and  ncUimly — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL.  RIO— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 

aslius- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consenL 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

ao  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unlcnown 

The  province 


48,925 
8,772 
6,000 
8,889 
9,869 

11,200 
7,739 

10,071 

6,422 

2,494 

1,024 

2 


48,840 

8.471 

5,288 

8,065 

0,240 

5,066 

2,256 

1,866 

772 

323 

153 

2 


114,907  j      82,827 


2 

197 

473 

515 

2,091 

4,027 

8,665 

5,226 

2,580 

1,006 

309 


95 

213 

288 

792 

1,406 

1,030 

1,130 

445 

119 

29 


20,091 


5,547 


3 

7 

27 

50 

240 

679 

788 

1,847 

1,623 

1,046 

533 


6,843 


80 
2 
4 
1 
6 
2 


99 


Native  White  Males. 


Cnder  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 

The  province 


25,205 
4,239 
2,966 
1,849 
4,698 
5,714 
4,060 
5,286 
2,783 
1,276 
607 


58,573 


25,161 

4.225 

2,983 

1,778 

4.037 

3,543 

1,482 

1,188 

476 

188 

91 


45.102 


1 

8 

12 

86 

416 

1,896 

1,782 

2,802 

1,535 

687 

230 


8,900 


82 
217 
634 
568 
719 
817 
86 
23 


2,609 


8 

8 

8 

2 

24 

140 

228 

575 

454 

815 

163 


1,910 


40 
1 
2 
1 
4 
1 


52 


Native  White  Femald. 


Under  15  yean 

15 to  17 yean.... i  . 
18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown '..., 

The  province 


23,720 
4,533 
8.044 
2,040 
4,671 
5.486 
8,679 
4,785 
2,639 
1,218 
517 
2 


56,334 


23,679 

4.246 

2.350 

1,257 

2,203 

1,543 

774 

678 

296 

135 

62 

2 


37,225 


1 

194 

461 

479 

1,675 

2,631 

1.883 

2.424 

1,045 

319 

79 


88 
207 
256 
576 
772 
462 
411 
1*28 


2,i^ 


4 
24 

48 
216 
589 
560 
1.272 
1,169 
731 
370 


4.933 


40 
1 
2 


Digitized  by 


Google 


820 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age^  war,  race,  and  naiivity — Ck>ntinued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RlO-Contiiiued. 

Total  Fobkiqn  White. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

66  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  provinoe 


Total. 


197 

204 

846 

323 

1,079 

1.633 

1,471 

2.432 

1,716 

906 

407 

2 


10.718 


Single. 


197 

199 

328 

289 

916 

1.116 

674 

760 

879 

159 

70 

1 


5,068 


Married. 


Living 
together 

ashua- 
bandand 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


8 
13 
27 
123 
896 
682 
1,249 
951 
492 
152 


4,040 


2 
4 

4 
35 
97 
120 
217 
173 
48 
16 


716 


Wid- 
owed. 


i      Un- 
,  known. 


1 

1 

5 

21 

45 

204 

212 

209 

169 


867 


PoBXiON  Whitb  Malb. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  34  yean 

36  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  provinoe 


127 

176 

811 

283 

960 

1,471 

1,819 

2,184 

1,494 

782 

818 

2 


9,447 


127 
175 
809 
269 
881 
1,060 
646 
782 
870 
150 
68 
1 


4,808 


1 
8 
67 
291 
582 
1,104 
828 
444 
183 


8,408 


1 

1 

4 

80 

88 

112 

196 

168 

46 

16 


664 


2 
11 
29 
148 
127 
142 
101 


560 


FoBKiON  Whitb  Fbmat.i. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

66  yean  and  over . . 

The  province 


70 
28 
85 
40 
99 
162 
152 
248 
222 
126 
89 


1,271 


280 


8 

12 

19 

56 

107 

100 

145 

128 

48 

19 


632 


5 

3 

9 

10 

8 

16 

19 

56 

5 

85 

2 

67 

68 

52 


307 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL  COITDITION. 


321 


Table  XVII. — Cor^ugal  condilum  by  age^  sex,  race,  and  ncUiviiy — Contmued. 
PROVIKCB  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO-€ontinued. 

TOTXL  OOLOBED. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  84  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


19,064 
8,201 
1,901 
1,226 
2.277 
2,816 
1,431 
1,899 
1,474 
1,225 
1,053 


8 
22 
66 
91 
296 
563 
522 
691 
432 
201 
92 


2 

60 

167 

221 

581 

1,164 

1,004 

1,879 

835 

460 

270 


47,439 


87,067 


2,969 


6,128 


8 
88 
101 
144 
272 
297 
224 
169 


1,254 


19 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 


26 


OOLOBBD  MALBB. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18andl9  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

SO  to  34  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

66  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


9,624 

1,506 

989 

676 

1,476 

1,947 

1,492 

2,099 

1,626 

1,281 

966 

1 


23,668 


9,614 

1,601 

973 

635 

1,286 

1,257 

690 

902 

769 

747 


18,963 


3 
8 
68 
215 
283 
896 
278 
148 
76 


1,475 


1 
11 
88 
169 
463 
487 
733 
602 
827 
190 


2,916 


302 


1 

12 


COLOBKD  FKMALKS. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  34  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 

The  province 


9,464 

1,781 

1  132 

871 

1,713 

2,198 

1,609 

2,142 

1,413 

819 

629 


28,771 


9,460 

1,700 

928 

691 

1,041 

1,069 

741 

997 

705 

478 

414 


18,104 


228 
848 
239 
293 
159 
63 
16 


1,494 


2 
69 
146 
188 
412 
701 
617 
646 
838 
123 
80 


8,207 


6 
8 
82 
90 
112 
206 
216 
166 
118 


962 


12 

"i 


24662 21 


Digitized  by 


Google 


322 


BEPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tabi^e  XVII. — Conjugal  condUion  by  age^  sex,  raotj  and  natwUtj — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 

Total  Population. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
ashiu- 
bandand 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  16  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yearx 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

26  to  29  yean 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . . 
Unluiown 

The  province 


87,768 
6.211 
3,439 
1,756 
4.498 
5,100 
6.944 
9,943 
6,791 
4.200 
2,687 
3 


87,767 
6.011 
2.996 
1,419 
3,072 
2.693 
2.116 
2,768 
1,731 
1,124 
791 
2 


6 

148 

316 

271 

1,127 

1,947 

2,929 

5,223 

3,128 

1,536 

579 


2 
49 
Ul 
63 
232 
417 
588 
986 
638 
289 
141 


88,234         62,869 


17,210 


3,506 


3 

16  I 

12  I 

62 

140 

808 

972 

1.292 

1,249 

1,074 


5,129 


Total  Males. 


Under  15  years 19,894 


16  to  17  years. 
18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

56  to  64  years 

66  years  an4  over . 
Unknown 


The  province  . 


2,867 
1,624 
843 
2,278 
2,682 
2,963 
5,206 
8,633 
2,238 
1,878 
1 


19,390 

2,861 

1,600 

814 

1,969 

1,699 

1,806 

1,589 

974 

686 

606 

1 


44,899    33,383 


12 

18 

223 

674 

1,316 

2.890 

1,896 

1,068 

442 


8,542 


1 

3 

11 

9 

78 

185 

276 

611 

383 

197 

100 


1,754 


1 

2 

8 

21 

•68 

214 

278 

286 

880 


1,208 


Total  Fbmalks. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yean 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

36  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . 
Unknown 


Theprovincc 43, 


18,374 
3,354 
1,815 
912 
2,216 
2,618 
2.981 
4,735 
3,268 
1,962 
1,209 
2 


18,367 

3.160 

1,396 

606 

1,103 

894 

810 

1,169 

767 

438 

286 

1 


28,966 


6 

145 

804 

263 

904 

1,273 

1,614 

2,333 

1,282 

468 

187 


8,668 


1 

46 

100 

44 

164 

232 

812 

474 

265 

92 

41 


1,761 


3 

15 

10 

64 

119 

245 

758 

1,014 

964 

744 


8,926 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


323 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sejr,  race^  and  nativUtf — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 

Total  Nativb  Whitk. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to21year8 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


Total. 


66,349 


Single. 


31,008 

4,768 

2,287 

1,009 

2,034 

1,415 

1,245 

1,543 

812 

454 

201 

2 


46,778 


Married. 


5 

124 

274 

244 

943 

1.548 

2,464 

4,231 

2,354 

1.069 

873 


13,649 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent 


1 

35 
79 
31 
146 
240 
376 
591 
315 
116 
86 


1,966 


3,948 


Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

1 
8 

2 

14 

10 

53 

120 
264 
798 
990 

2 
2 
2 

947 

748 

Native  WHrrs  BiALis. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

65  to  64  yean 

66  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


15,919 
2,281 
1,245 

612 
1,508 
1,499 
2,053 
3,663 
2,065 
1,216 

613 
1 


32,576 


15,916 

2,278 

1,228 

592 

1,291 

903 

767 

870 

394 

232 

96 

1 


24,568 


1 

2 

9 

14 

163 

487 

1,051 

2,236 

1,326 

732 


6,309 


1 

7 

5 

48 

90 

182 

294 

170 

73 

28 


898 


794 


1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

17 
51 
162 
175 

2 
2 

1 

179 

201 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  yean  — 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

56  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . 
Unknown 


15,098 
2,649 
1,409 

682 
1,668 
1,826 
2,298 
8,602 
2,406 
1,390 

745 
1 


Theprovince '      33,774 


15,092 

2,490 

1,069 

417 

743 

512 

478 

673 

418 

222 

105 

1 


4 

122 

265 

230 

780 

1,061 

1,413 

1,993 

1,028 

357 

85 


22,210  I 


7,340 


1 
84 
72 
26 
98 
150 
194 
297 
145 
48 
8 


3 
13 

9 
47 
103 
213 
636 
815 
768 
547 


3,151  I 


Digitized  by 


Google 


324' 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XVII. — Conjugal  condUUm  by  age,  war,  r^ace,  and  noHvUy — Continued. 

PROVINCB  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued, 

Total  Tommav  Whits. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Uving 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wile  by 
mutual 
consent 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  16  yean 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yearn 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  64  yean 

65  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over  . . 

The  province 


176 

76 

77 

71 

391 

676 

469 

874 

680 

870 

189 


176 
74 
74 
64 
834 
610 
276 
821 
150 
67 


1 

2 

6 

43 

120 

143 

437 

884 

206 

67 


4.038 


2,071 


1.406 


264 


5 
10 

38 
84 
S9 
79    . 


305 


FOBKioN  Whits  Males. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  64  yean 

65  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 

The  province 


96 
47 
61 
63 
350 
636 
424 
796 
604 
292 
142 


(.499 


96 

47 
61 
61 
816 
496 
270 
808 
147 
49 
34 


1,878 


1 

24 
101 
118 
886 
846 
178 
58 


1.212 


231. 


2 

6 
29 
62 
50 
41  I 


183 


FoBsiGN  White  Females. 


Under  16  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 

The  province 


539 


198 


196 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


325 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age^  sex,  race,  and  nativUxf — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-CSonanued. 

Total  Colored. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
ashos- 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  yean 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  G4  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unicnown 

The  province 


6,575 

1,205 

708 

390 

926 

1,100 

1,134 

1,901 

1,640 

1,224 

1,040 

1 


6,673 
1,169 
635 
346 
704 
668 
695 
894 
769 
613 
554 


1 

23 
40 
22 
141 
279 
322 
555 
890 
241 
139 


17,847         13,520 


2,153 


1,285 


Colored  Males. 


Under  16  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20yeara : 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  84  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

65  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 

The  province 


3,380 
529 
318 
178 
420 
447 
486 
850 
864 
730 
623 


8,825 


3,879 
626 
311 
171 
862 
801 
268 
411 
433 
405 
875 


6,942 


1 

3 

3 

36 

86 

146 

268 

224 

158 

96 


1,021 


1 

2 

4 

3 

20 

57 

64 

145 

154 

109 

66 


625 


226 


11 


Colored  Females. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  34  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yeara  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


3,195 
676 
890 
212 
506 
653 
648 

1,054 

776 

494 

41T 

1 


9,022 


3,194 
648 
824 
176 
842 
867 
827 
483 
836 
208 
17^ 


6,678 


1 

22 
37 
19 
105 
193 
176 
287 
166 
83 
43 


1,132 


11 
27 
17 
52 
80 
117 
171 
107 
46 
32 


G60 


2 
1 
7 
13 
28 
113 
167 
157 
162 


650 


Digitized  by 


Google 


326 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Tablk  XVII. — Cmijugal  condition  hy  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 

Total  Population. 


Under  16  yean 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  yearH 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

36  to  4f  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  to  64  yean 

66  years  and  over . 
Unlcnown 


ToUl. 


128.650 
24.640 
16,076 

8.879 
26.390 
81.636 
27,839 
43.152 
27.271 
16,618 

8.140 
6 


Single. 


128.461 
23.966 
14.439 
7,270 
18.180 
16,841 
10.667 
13,629 
9,288 
6,316 
3,795 
6 


Married. 


18 

376 

911 

892 

4,377 

9.251 

10.492 

17.618 

8,707 

3,277 

1,006 


Theprovlnce |    356,636  1    262,757  I      56,925 


Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 


12 

272 

643 

605 

2.194 

3,904 

4.068 

6.921 

4.366 

2.407 

1.225 


Wid- 
owed. 


3 

18 

74 

110 

667 

1,629 

2,117 

5,072 

4.899 

3,612 

2,109 


Un- 
known. 


26,607        20,110 


56 
8 
9 
2 
12 
11 
5 
12 
11 
6 
6 


137 


Total  Males. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unlcnown 

The  province 


65, 
11. 

7, 

4, 
13, 
17. 
16, 
24, 
16, 

9. 

4, 


189.057 


141,189 


2 

12 

27 

66 

766 

3,194 

6,228 

10.465 

5.776 

2,365 

790 


28,681 


57 

81 

728 

1,724 

2.017 

3,728 

2,636 

1,506 

825 


13,816 


1 
3 
10 
6 
67 
814 


1,421 

1,016 

616 


5,791 


31 
4 

8 


Total  Fkmalbb. 


Underl5  years I  63.247 

15  to  17  years i  13.248 

18  and  19  years I  8,237 

20  years I  4,469 

21  to24  years I  11,696 

25  to  29  years I  14,272 

80  to  34  years I  12,015 

85  to 44  years 18,538 

45  to  64  years I  11,597 

65  to  64  years '  6,680 

65  years  and  over '  3,680 

Unlcnown I  1 

Theprovlnce '  167,479 


63,197 
12.601 
6,702 
3,012 
6,994 
4,812 
8,255 
4.803 
-8.464 
2.170 
1,667 
1 


111,568 


16 

864 

884 

826 

8,621 

6,057 

6,264 

7.163 

•  2.931 

912 

216 


28.244 


264 

586 

624 

1,466 

2,180 

2,041 

8,198 

1,780 

901 

400 


13.292 


2 

15 

64 

106 

610 

1,215 

1.454 

8,386 

8,478 

2,606 

1,494 


14,819 


25 
4 
1 
2 
4 
8 
1 
8 
4 
1 
3 


56 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


327 


Tablr  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— OonUnued. 

Total  Native  Whitk. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


Wid-     ,      Un- 
owed.    \  known. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yean.. 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  yean 

ao  to  84  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  years  and  over . 
Unanown 


90,825 

16,461 

9.382 

4,365 

10.156 

8,140 

4,46t 

4,706 

1,965 

818 

848 

4 


16 

809 

748 

700 

3,396 

6,919 

7,679 

12,861 

5.638 

2,057 

588 


4 

186 

808 

257 

851 

1,376 

1,364 

2,118 

940 

259 

53 


2 

16 

58 

94 

470 

1,270 

1,714 

4,128 

3,786 

2,688 

1.438 


The  province . 


214,945 


151,130        40,401 


7,661         15,659 


49 
7 
6 

1 
7 
5 
8 
7 
6 
2 
1 


94 


Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

a  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  84  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over  . . 
Unanown 

The  province 


46, 

7, 
4, 
2, 
7, 
8, 
7 

1; 

2, 


106,771 


46,001 

7,767 

4,843 

2,440 

6,534 

5,723 

3,125 

2,973 

1,029 

362 

146 

3 


80,946 


2 

12 

18 

42 

508 

2,146 

3,509 

6,668 

3,868 

1,382 

434 


18,084 


1 

5 

24 

80 

251 

589 

721 

1,161 

582 

188 

46 


8,596 


1 

2 

6 

5 

45 

250 

504 

1,270 

974 


4,066 


29 
8 


57 


Native  White  Females. 


Under  L5  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  21  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

SO  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

65  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . 
UnEnown 


The  province  , 


44,862 
9.140  I 
595 
900 
542 
001 
860 
237 
878 
248 
410  , 
1  I 


108,174 


44,824 

8,694 

4,539 

1,925 

3,622 

2,417 

1,336 

1,732 

936 

456 

202 

1 


70,184 


14 

297 

?25 

658 

2,893 

4,773 

4,170 

5,693 

2,270 

676 

149 


22,317 


3 
131 
279 
227 
600 
787 
643 
957 
368 
71 

7 


4.063 


1 

14 

52 

89 

425 

1,020 

1,210 

2,853 

2.812 

2,045 

1,052 


11,573 


20 
4 


Digitized  by 


Google 


328 


SEPOJST  ON  THK  CBN8U8  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  hy  age,  sex,  race,  and  naUmty — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA-Gontiiiiied. 

Total  Fobxion  Whits. 


TotaU 


Single. 


Married. 


LiTing 
togetner 
Mbni- 
bandand 
wife  by 
mataal 
oonient. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  yean 

15  tu  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

Tbe  proTinoe 


996 

648 

942 

809 

8.812 

6,227 

4,825 

6,810 

8,940 

1,621 

607 

1 


996 

620 

881 

729 

8,807 

8,825 

2,855 

2,654 

1,074 

839 

113 

1 


16 
44 

64 

865 

1,044 

1,479 

8,189 

2,016 

780 

266 


6 
11 
12 
U8 
270 
818 
617 
847 
120 
27 


29,828 


16,894 


9,208 


1,846 


1 
4 
4 

21 
86 
171 
896 
600 
881 
800 


1,866 


FOKBGN  WHITB  MALB. 


Under  16  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45 10  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  proTlnce 


688 

448 
775 
678 
8,872 
4,672 
8,784 
5,949 
8,868 
1,818 


25,896 


448 

766 

662 

8,141 

8,092 

2,298 

2,668 

1,027 

819 


15,608 


2 

12 

189 

619 

1,109 

2,574 

1,726 

662 


7,071 


8 
4 
86 
224 
267 
566 
825 
114 
25 


6 
86 
108 
249 
288 
222 
141 


1,052 


FOBKION  Whitb  Fbmalbb. 


Under  15  years 

418 
196 
167 
181 
440 
665 
641 
861 
672 
808 
209 

418 
172 
115 
67 
166 
188 
57 
86 
47 
20 
20 

15  to  17  years 

16 
42 
62 
226 
426 
870 
665 
290 
118 
28 

6 
8 
8 
82 
46 
61 
61 
22 
6 
2 

1 

2 

4 

16 

60 

68 

149 

212 

159 

159 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

1 

26  to  29  years 

1 

SO  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

1 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Tbe  province 

4.487 

1,296 

2,182 

242 

814 

3 

Digitized  by 


Google 


OONJUOAL   CONDITION. 


329 


Tablb  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 

Total  Colobbd. 


Uvlng 
together 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

87.168 
7,068 
4.642 
2,658 
6.688 
8.609 
7,7«« 
18,028 
10.996 
8,173 
6.020 

87,140 
6.886 
4,176 
2,176 
4.717 
4.876 
8.861 
6.170 
6.249 
6.169 
8,334 

2 

61 

124 

128 

616 

1,288 

1,334 

2,118 

1,068 

440 

167 

8 

130 

829 

836 

1,225 

2,258 

2.376 

4.186 

8,079 

2.028 

1.145 

1 
1 

12 
12 
76 
173. 
232 
661 
613 
543 
871 

4 

3 
2 
8 
8 

111.768 

84,788 

7,821 

17,100 

2.585 

29 

Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

56  to  64  years 

66  yean  and  over . . 

The  province 


CoLOBBD  Males. 


Under  15  years 

15to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20vean 

21  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . . 

The  province 


18.686 
8.166 
2.157 
1,215 
8,026 
8,983 
8,679 
6,588 
6,849 
6,144 
2,969 


56,950 


18,680 
8,150 
2,128 
1.166 
2.611 
2.614 
1.989 
8.185 
3.778 
8,465 
1,989 


44.645 


7 
12 
114 
429 
610 
1.228 
682 
821 
128 


3.626 


4 

8 

30 

47 

891 

911 

1,029 

2,011 

1,729 

1,204 

764 


8,113 


653 


i' 

2 

1 

2 

6 

3 

28 

1 

51 

167 

2 

159 

1 

161 

8 

88 

18 


CoLOBKD  Females. 


Under  15  years 

16tol7year8 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

The  province 


18,472 
3,918 
2,475 
1,488 
8,618 
4.616 
4.114 
6.440 
4.647 
3,029 
2,061 


64,818 


18,460 
3,785 
2,048 
1,020 
2,206 
2,262 
1,862 
2,965 
2,471 
1.694 
1,345 


40,068 


2 
61 
117 
116 
502 
859 
724 
896 
371 
119 
89 


8,796 


4 

127 

299 

289 

834 

1,347 

1,347 

2,176 

1,350 

824 


8,987 


10 
12 
70 
145 
181 
384 
454 
392 
283 


1,932 


16 


Digitized  by 


Google 


330 


HEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  candition  fiy  age^  wj*,  race,  and  nativity — Con  tinned. 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO. 

Total  Population. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 

aslius- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  years 

16tol7year» 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  a4  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 
Unknown 


141.602 
22.442 
13,836 

7,728 
16,630 
20,974 
22,387 
88,735 
23,438 
12,629 

7,343 
21 


The  province 327, 715 


141,542 
21.691 
12.181 
6.978 
11,035 
9.896 
7,560 
11,311 
7.144 
4,215 
2,827 
13 


312 

800 

717 

2.819 

5,570 

7,173 

12,463 

6,650 

2.803 

1,164 

5 


18 

425 

873 

989 

2,546 

4,942 

6,582 

12.426 

6,785 

2.911 

1.065 

1 


2 

10 

31 

43 

226 

665 

1.019 

2.630 

2.853 

2.698 

2.286 


235,343  ,      40,483 


39,562  I      12,263  j 


64 


Total  Ma  lbs. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


72,420 

72,391 

2 

1 

o 

10,068 

10,040 

7 

17 

1 

6,438 

6,362 

16 

58 

1 

3,612 

3,392 

68 

147 

4 

8,409 

6.996 

581 

802 

26 

10,395 

6,259 

2,008 

2,030 

96 

11,055 

4.333 

3,435 

3.041 

244 

19.945 

5.590 

7,061 

6,622 

670 

12,043 

2,901 

4.316 

4,176 

646 

C.161 

1.566 

1.991 

2,063 

541 

3,288 

1.042 

888 

800 

567 

11 

6 

3 

i(«,84:> 

120,878 

20,376 

19.757 

2,790 

24 
3 
1 

1 
4 


44 


Total  Females. 


Under  15  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

46  to  61  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


69,182 
12,374 
7,898 
4,116 
8,221 
10,679 
11,282 
18,790 
11.395 
6,468 
4,055 
10 


163,870 


69,151 
11,651 
5,769 
2,586 
4,089 
3,637 
3,227 
6,721 
4,243 
2,649 
1,785 
7 


114,465 


5 

305 

784 

649 

2,288 

3,562 

3,738 

5,402 

2,334 

812 

276 

2 


20,107 


17 

408 

815 

842 

1,743 

2,912 

3,541 

5,804 

2,609 

848 


19,805 


9 

30 

39 

200 

467 

776 

1,860 

2,207 

2,167 

1,729 


9,473 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


331 


Tablr  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  hy  n^e,  Rex^  race,  and  naliinltf — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over  . . 
Unlcnown 

The  province 


Total. 


77,949 
12,110 
7,246 
3,952 
8,093 
9.558 
10,836 
18,895 
10,739 
5,509 
2,902 
8 


167,797 


Single. 


77,912 

11,699 

6,294 

3,006 

5,047 

3,735 

2,765 

4,086 

2,235 

1.131 

591 

4 


118,506 


Married. 


Living 
together 

ashus- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


5 
206 
555 

497 
1,858 
3,595 
4,723 
8,029 
4,116 
1,729 


25,960 


196 

376 

417 

1,085 

1,835 

2,635 

5,081 

2,457 

919 

235 


15,225 


Wid- 
owed. 


1 

6 

20 

32 

150 

392 

711 

,696 

,927 

.698 

,411 


Un- 
known. 


22 
3 

1 


2 
43 


Native  White  Mali 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20vean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

90  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . 
Uxucnown 


The  province  . 


40,210 
5,425 
3,321 
1,840 
3,887 
4,375 
4,968 
9,273 
5,254 
2,558 
1,185 
6 


82,292 


40,192 
5,410 
3,288 
1,741 
3,217 
2,344 
1,513 
1,986 


192 
3 


1 

6 

12 

40 

351 

1,213 

2,083 

4,171 

2,435 

1,188 

600 

1 


12,001 


6 

20 

56 

904 

757 

1.198 

2,711 

1,693 

697 

196 


7,538 


3 
13 
61 
163 
405 
387 
291 
297 


1,621 


16 
3 
1 


Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

90  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


37,789 
6,685 
3,925 
2,112 
4,206 
5,183 
5,878 
9,622 
5,485 
2,951 
1,717 
2 


85,505 


87,720 
6,289 
3,006 
1,265 
1.830 
1.391 
1,252 
2,100 
1,399 
749 


57,401 


-   4 

200 

543 

457 

1,607 

2,882 

2,640 

8,858 

1,681 

541 

165 

1 


13,979 


190 

356 

361 

731 

1,078 

1.437 

2,370 

864 

252 


7,687 


6 

20 

29 

137 

331 

548 

1,291 

1,540 

1.407 

1,114 


6,423 


15 


Digitized  by 


Google 


332 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age^  seXy  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO-Contlnued. 

Total  Forbign  Whitb. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


223 

836 

220 

1,257 

2,189 

1,960 

8,485 

1,975 

753 

324 

2 


13,818 


211 

808 

186 

1,051 

1,592 

1,079 

1,815 

502 

135 

63 


10 

29 

26 

141 

388 

595 

1,449 

962 

870 

125 

2 


2 
3 
7 
55 
176 
233 
540 
800 
87 
21 


4,117 


1,424 


1 
1 

10 
33 
53 
180 
189 
161 
115 


743 


FoBBiON  Whitk  Males. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


804 

142 

255 

162 

1,097 

1,948 

1,749 

8,160 

1,762 

626 

240 

1 


11,446 


804 

142 

255 

158 

1,001 

1,623 

1,056 

1,258 

475 

123 

47 


6,841 


2 

56 
264 
470 
1,259 
881 
825 
115 
1 


3,373 


2 
37 
145 
201 
515 
289 


1,295 


3 
16 
23 
127 
116 
93 
57 


435 


FOBBION  Whttb  Fbmalbs. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yean* 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . , 
Unknown 

The  province 


285 

81 

81 

58 

160 

241 

211 

325 

213 

127 

84 

1 

285 
69 
48 
28 
50 
69 
24 
57 
27 
12 
16 

1  

10 
29 
24 
85 
124 
126 
190 
101 
45 
10 
1 

2 
8 
5 
18 
31 
32 
25 
11 
2 

1' 

1 
1 
7 

17 
30 
53 
73 
68 
58 

:;:: 



1 

1,867 

685 

744 

129 

808 

1 

Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


383 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex^  rojce^  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO-Oontiimed. 

Total  Colorkd. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  34  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


68.041 
9,781 
5,534 
2,786 
4,987 
4,569 
8,n6 
5,910 
4,407 
2,949 
2,173 
9 


2 

96 

216 

194 

820 

1,587 

1,855 

2,985 

1,552 

704 

374 

1 


9 

227 

494 

565 

1,455 

2,931 

3,n4 

6,805 

4,028 

1,875 

809 

1 


146,605 


109,812 


10,  J 


22,913 


1 
4 

10 

10 

66 
140 
256 
654  ! 
737  , 
839 
760  I 


3,476 


11 
1 


1 
28 


COLOBKD  MaLBB. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

30  to  84  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

65  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


31,906 
4,501 
2,862 
1,610 
3,425 
4,072 
4,348 
7,512 
5,027 
2,977 
1,863 
4 


70,107 


31,895 
4,488 
2,819 
1,493 
2,778 
2,392 
1,765 
2,346 
1,590 
1,061 
803 
3 


53,483 


1 
1 
4 

26 

174 

531 

882 

1,631 

1,000 

478 

273 

1 


5,002 


461 
1,128 
•1,642 
8,396 
2,294 
1,281 


10,924 


1 
1 
1 
1 

10 
21 
58 
188 
143 
157 
203 


734 


1 
14 


Colored  Fem alrb. 


Under  15  yean 

15  to  17  yean 

IH  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

a5  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

66  yean  and  over . . 
Unknown 

The  province 


31,158 
5,608 
3,392 
1,946 
3,855 
5,155 
5,193 
8,843 
5,697 
8,390 
2,254 
7 


76,496 


31,146 
5,293 
2,715 
1,293 
2,159 
2,177 
1,951 
3,564 
2,817 
1,888 
1,370 
6 


56,379 


1 

95 
212 
168 
646 

1,056 
973 

1,354 
552 
226 
101 


5,384 


8 

216 

456 

476 

994 

1,803 

2,072 

3,409 

1,734 

594 

226 

1 


11,989 


3 
9 

1 

9 

56 

119 

197 

516 

594 

682 

557 

2,742  I 


Digitized  by 


Google 


834 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tabus  XVII. — <Jonju(jal  rortdUian  hy  nge^  sex,  race,  aiid  itativUt^ — Contiuued. 

aXY  OF  C1ENFUBG08. 

Total  Population. 


Under  15  yean 10,430 


16  to  17  yean. . 
18  and  19  yean 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

SO  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

54  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . 


ToUl. 


1,906 
1,387 

740 
2,316 
2,684 
2,373 
3,847 
2.360 
1,285 

708 


Thedty 30,088        20,973 


Single. 


10.428 

1,851 

1,280 

606 

1,683 

1,445 

978 

1,292 

775 

451 

282 


Married. 


1 

83 
87 
70 
894 
724 
886 
1,487 
784 
826 
106 


4.798 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

motuaJ 
consent. 


22 
64 
49 
251 
425 
415 
707 
879 
157 
65 


2,584 


Wid- 
owed. 


13 
36 
88 
144 
411 
421 
351 
254 


1,724 


Un- 
known. 


Total  Malks. 


Under  15  yean. . . 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean. . . 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean . 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over 

The  city.... 


5,081 

809 

606 

844 

1,158 

1,842 

1,214 

1,968 

1,178 

608 

296 


6,081 
808 
593 
325 
986 
885 
586 
675 
874 
209 
105 


14,589  ,      10.627 


4 

7 

1 

6 

13 
87 

80 

4 

249 

193 

14 

400 

202 

26 

815 

391 

82 

504 

224 

70 

231 

103 

60 

86 

48 

57 

2.875 


1,268 


314  ! 


Total  Femalxb. 


Under  15  yean. . . 

15  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean. . . 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over 

The  city 


5,849 

1,099 

781 

396 

1,158 

1,842 

1,159 

1,884 

1,187 

682 

412 


15,449 


5,847 
1,048 
687 
288 
647 
560 
892 
617 
401 
242 
177 


1 
88 
88 
64 
814 
475 
486 
622 
280 
95 
20 


10,346  I 


2,428 


22 

57 

86 

164 

232 

218 

316 

155 

54 

17 


1,266 


1 
4 

13 
82 
74 
118 
329 
851 
291 
197 


1,410 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


335 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age^  aex,  racej  and  ncUivify — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENPUEG08— Continued. 

Total  Nativb  Whitk. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  yean 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85to44yeaxs 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


The  city  . 


6,547 

1,145 

775 

404 

1,189 

1,227 

1,044 

1,712 

928 

502 


6,546 

1,110 

676 

317 

790 

576 

840 

388 

146 

61 

43 


1 

23 
65 
58 
268 
454 
477 
814 
393 
169 
55 


15,785 


10,992 


2,772 


11 
•29 
24 
102 
130 
137 
220 
110 
29 
8 


1 

4 

10 

28 

68 

90 

290 

279 

243 

156 


Native  White  Malbb. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30to34yeais 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66to64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


The  city  . 


3,170 
474 
318 
162 
540 
549 
472 
717 
371 
177 
95 


7,045  ' 


8,170 

474  I 

811 

153 

451 

342 

203 

200 

68 

28 

15 


1 
4 

53 
136 
192 
364 
202 
101 
41 


5,410  I 


1,094 


6 
5 
31 
64 
64 
112 
66 
22 
7 


376 


163 


Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years... 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56to64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city  ... 


3,377 
671 
457 
242 
649 
678 
572 
995 
657 
325 
167 


8,376 


164 

339 

283 

137 

188 

78 

38 

28 


1 
23 
61 
49 
216 
318 
285 
450 
191 
68 
14 


8,690 


5,582 


1,678  I 


11 

24 

19 

71 

66 

73 

108 

44 

7 

1 


424 


1 
4 

10 
24 
61 
77 
249 
244 
212 
124 


1,006 


Digitized  by 


Google 


386 


REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condiHon  by  age,  &ex,  race,  and  nativity — Continaed. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS-Oontliiued. 

Total  FObsxgn  Whits. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


LiTing 
together 

ashoB- 
bandand 

wife  by 

mutual 
CGDBent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  years... 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city  . . . 


129 
•66 
101 
82 
877 
515 
502 
850 
540 
217 
104 


129 
65 
96 
75 
826 
870 
265 
806 
189 
47 
18 


1 
5 
5 
87 
90 
177 
890 
277 
106 


8,485 


1,880 


1,129 


1 

18 
47 
44 
107 
66 
24 

9 


818 


1 

1 

1 

7 
16 
47 

56  . 

36  . 

43  t. 

L 


212  I 


FOBXiax  Whitk  Malib. 


Under  16  years 

76 
52 
87 
60 
821 
445 
429 
716 
455 
176 
74 

76 
62 
85 
67 
801 
851 
255 
282 
127 
42 
9 

1 

15  to  17  years 

f          

18  and  19  vears 

1 

1 

U 

51 

127 

813 

238 

98 

86 

1 

20  years 

1 
9 
38 
39 
97 
61 
21 
8 

21  to  24  years 

t" 

25  to  29  years 

4 
8 
24 
29 
20 
21 

1 

30  to  84  vears 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  vears 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city 

2,900 

1,647 

871 

274 

107 

1 

Foreign  Whitb  Fexalis. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

55  to64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  oily  ... 


16 
14 
18 
56 
70 
73 
134 
85 
41 
80 


586 


183 


89 


105 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


337 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  naiivUtf — Continued. 

CITY  OP  CIENFUEGOS-Contfnued. 

Total  Colored. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

Under  15  years 

605 
611 
254 
750 
942 
827 
1,285 
892 
566 
842 

3,753 
676 
459 
216 
517 
500 
873 
598 
490 
348 
226 

\ 

15  to  17  years 

9 

17 

12 

89 

180 

182 

233 

114 

49 

12 

9 
35 
24 
136 
248 
234 
380 
203 
104 
48 

\ 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

2 
7 
13 
38 
74 
84 
70 
55 

21  to  24  years 

I 
\ 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

1 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

1 

The  city 

10,818 

8,151 

897 

1,421 

343 

6 

Colored  Malbb. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city 


201 
113 
297 
348 
313 
530 
347 
250 
127 


4,644 


282 
197 
105 
234 
192 
128 
198 
179 
144 
81 


3,570 


2 
1 

16 
62 
81 
138 
64 
37 
9 


2 

7 
47 
91 
99 
182 
97 


618 


Colored  Females. 


Under  15  yean... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

25  to  29  yean 

80  to  84  yean 

35  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

56  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over 

The  city.... 


1,919 
412 
310 
141 
453 
594 
514 
755 
545 
816 
215 


6,174 


1,918 
894 
262 
111 
283 
808 
245 
405 
311 
199 
145 


4,581 


9 
15 
11 
73 
118 
101 
95 
50 
12 


487 


17 
89 
157 
135 
198 
106 
44 
15 


803 


299 


24662- 


Digitized  by 


Google 


338 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  Wll.—Conjufjal  condition  Iry  age^  wXy  racfy  and  naiicUtj — Continaed. 

CITY  or  UABANA. 
Total  Popvlatiox, 


ToUl.       Single. 


j  Uring 
together 
I  «9  bus- 
Married,  band  and 
I  wife  by 
mutual 
'  consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


rn 
known. 


Under  15  years 66, 107 

15  to  17  years '      --  •'- 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

aoto34  years 

85  to  4 1  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

UnlLnown 


66,107 

66,040 

10 

12 

10 

35 

14,517 

14,098 

281 

169 

11 

8 

10,802 

9,777 

577  , 

418 

28 

2 

5.888 

4.949 

526 

869 

42 

2 

21,711 

16,073 

8.836 

2,034 

265 

8 

26.357 

15,490 

6,676 

8,473 

716 

2 

21.982 

9,983 

7,492  1 

8,372 

1,181 

4 

82,854 

11.656 

12,634  ! 

4,873 

8,179 

12 

19.414 

6,558 

6,778  , 

2,318 

8,760 

5 

11.066 

8.946 

2,878  1 

939 

8,802 

1 

5,772 

2,208 

937 

276 

2,855 

1 

11 

7 

1  . 

8 

Thecity 235.981  i    160,780.      42.071         18,253,      14,799 


Total  Males. 


Under  15  years '  32.426 

15tol7years j  6,8»9 

18andl9year8 '  5,661 

20year8 '  8  077 

21to24years '  12,087 

25to29year8 1  15.025 

80  to  34  years |  12.418 

85to44year8 '  17.852 

45  to  54  years |  10.224 

65to64year8 5,384 

65  years  and  over '  2. 306 

UnlLnown 9 

Thecity '  123.258 


82.393 

8 

2 

7 

6,872 

5 

4 

5 

5,467 

81 

59 

8 

2.932 

66 

84 

5 

10,500 

780 

766 

89  , 

10,630 

2,659 

1,613 

122 

6.736 

8,763 

1.686 

241  , 

6.992 

7,485 

2,645 

724 

8458 

4,459 

1,426 

879 

1.945 

2,034 

626 

779  . 

807 

737 

194 

568  . 

5 

1 

88,787 

22,003 

9,105 

3.872  j 

78 


21 
8 

1 


8 

41 


Total  Females. 


Under  15  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 
Uulcnown 


Thecity 112,723 


83.681 
7.628 
5.241 
2.811 
9,624 

11.332 
9,564 

14,502 
9,190 
5.682 
8,466 
2 


83,647 
7,226 
4,310 
2,017 
6,573 
4.860 
8,247 
4,664 
8,100 
2,001 
1,396 
2 


7 

226 

546 

470 

2,556 

4,017 

8,789 

6.149 

2,814 

844 

200 


r 


72,043  ,   20,068 


10 

165 

859 

285 

1,268 

1,860 

1,686 

2,228 

892 

313 


I 


8 
6 
25 
87 

226  ; 
594  I 
890 
2,456 
2,881 


1,787 


14 
6 

1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
6 
8 
1 
1 


9,148  I   11,427 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


339 


Tablb  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age^  sex^  race^  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Total. 


Under  15  yean. . . 

15tol7year§ 

18  und  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80 1 )  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

4.5  to  54  years 

5>  t  >  C4  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city 


Single. 


115,532 


44,069 

44,028 

8,528 

8,249 

5,647 

5,011 

2,742 

2,211 

9,752 

6,615 

10,684 

6,127 

8,678 

2,837 

12,483 

2,934 

6,988 

1,210 

8,919 

633 

2,094 

869 

8 

2 

Married. 


8 

188 

479 

879 

2,299 

4,047 

4,163 

6.368 

8.124 

1,254 

410 


79,221         22,719 


Living 
together 

a8hu.<)- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent 


5 
71 
138 
121 
660 
1,021 
928 
1,151 
447 
160 
86 


Wid- 
owed. 


4,?27  I 


17 

29 

187 

489 

748 

2,024 

2,164 

1,872 

1,280 


8,816 


Un- 
Icnown. 


26 
6 
2 
2 
1 


1 

49 


Nattvb  White  Males. 


Under  16  years. . . 

15  to  17  years 

18and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

46to64yeare...... 

56  to  G4  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city 


21, 
8, 
2, 
1, 

4, 
4. 
4, 
6, 
2, 
1, 


21,690 

8,749 

2,464 

1,098 

8,595 

2,952 

1.722 

1.565 

630 

229 

107 

1 


62,»10        89, 


2 
4 

27 

43 

469 

1,836 

1.652 

2.969 

1,678 

785 

291 


26 
26 
270 
540 
511 
668 
263 
103 
■25 


9,191 


2,463 


Nativb  White  Females. 


Under  16  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  44  yean 

45  to  64  yean 

56  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over . 
Unknown 

The  city 


5 
5 

14 
2 
1 

8 

27 
72 

131 

352 
401 
340 

1 
1 

238 

1,574 


1 
20 


22,357 
4,768 
3,139 
1,572 
5,391 
5,784 
4,632 
6,938 
4,070 
2,512 
1,433 
1 

22,388 

4,500 

2,557 

1,113 

8,020 

2,175 

1.115 

1,369 

680 

401 

262 

1 

6 

184 

452 

336 

1.830 

2,711 

2,511 

3,409 

1,451 

519 

,19 

4 

71 
112 

95 
380 
481 
387 
483 
184 

67 

10 

2 

4 

17 

26 

160 

417 

617 

1,672 

1.753 

1,532 

1,042 

12 
4 

1 
2 
1 

2 
6 
2 

62,692 

89,529 

18,528 

2,261 

7,242 

29 

Digitized  by 


Google 


340 


REPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tabus  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age^  stXy  race^  and  nativity — Ck>ntinued. 

CITY  OP  HABANA-Contiiiaed. 

Total  Foekion  Whitx. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


LdrlDg 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  years. . . 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  lo  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city  . . . 


2,382 
1,594 
2,095 
1,463 
6,588 
8,770 
7,463 
U,264 
6,454 
8,823 
1,552 
8 


2,327 

1,570 

2,021 

1,872 

5,685 

6,260 

8,997 

4,225 

1,790 

767 

295 

2 


52,901 


80,251 


20 

52 

70 

679 

1,910 

2,664 

5.260 

8,110 

1,836 

436 

1 


2 

8 

19 

20 

233 

487 

585 

1,007 

479 

192 

53 


15,628 


8,060 


1 

40 
121 
215 
777 
1,078 
1,027 
767 


4,024  I 


18 


FORUON  White  Males. 


Under  15  years. . . 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city  . . . 


1,209 
1,802 
1,816 
1,237 
5,554 
7,192 
6,972 
8,854 
4,788 
2,285 
918 
3 


41,190 


1,267 

1,801 

1,809 

1,221 

5,164 

5,761 

8,672 

8,802 

1,650 

687 

206 

2 


26,894 


2 
7 
234 
1,047 
1,799 
8,978 
2,471 
1,113 


11,084 


4 

9 
147 
846 
416 
766 
886 
154 
48 


2,271 


- 

8 

1 

87 

1 

83 

2 

808 

5 

.380 

1 

381 

285 

1,478 


IS 


Foeeion  White  Females. 


Under  15  years — 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 
Unknown 


The  city  . 


1,068 

292 

279 

226 

1,034 

1,678 

1,491 

2,410 

1,666 

1,088 

634 


11,711 


1,060 
269 
212 
151 
471 
489 
325 
423 
240 
180 
87 


8,867 


20 
60 
63 
445 
868 
865 
1,272 
639 
228 
64 


4,494 


2 

8 

15 

11 

86 

141 

169 

241 

93 

88 

10 


809 


2 
1 
32 
84 
182 
474 
698 
646 
482 


2,546 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


341 


Table  XVII. — Cor^gal  condition  by  agty  seXy  racCy  and  ncUiiniy — Ck»ntinued. 

CITY  OP  HABANA— Continued. 

Total  Colorkd. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
togetber 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  16  yean . . . 

15  to  17  yeai8 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

SO  to  84  years 

85  to  44  yeais 

46  to  64  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city 


19,706 
4,400 
8,060 
1,683 
5,371 
6,903 
5,841 
8,607 
6,022 
8,824 
2,126 
5 


19,690 
4,279 
2,745 
1,866 
8,823 
4,113 
8,149 
4,497 
8,558 
2,546 
1,539 


2 

23 

46 

77 

358 

719 

665 

1,016 

539 

288 

91 


5 

95 

261 

228 

1,151 

1,965 

1,859 

2,715 

1,392 

587 

188 


67,548 


51,308 


3,824  i 


10,446 


2 
8 
12 
38 
106 
168 
378 
538 
403 
806 


1,959 


Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

IS  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

SO  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  61  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city.... 


9,445 
1,827 
1,237 

670 
2,172 
2.933 
2,400 
8,453 
2,568 
1,692 

727 
4 


29,128 


9,486 
1.822 
1,204 

613 
1,741 
1,917 
1,342 
1,625 
1,378 
1,079 

492 
2 


22,651 


1 

1 

2 

6 

77 

276 

802 

548 

315 

186 

64 


1,778 


1 
4 

29 
49 
849 
727 
729 
1,211 
777 
869 
126 


4,371 


320 


2 

5 

2 

2 

4 
13 

1 

27 

69 

98 

58 

45 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

a*)  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city 


10,261 
2,673 
1,823 
1,013 
8,199 
8,970. 
8,441 
5,154 
8,454 
2,132 
1,399 
1 

10, 2M 
2,457 
1,541 
753 
2,082 
2,196 
1,807 
2,872 
2,180 
1,467 
1,047 
1 

1 

22 

44 

71 

281 

448 

863 

468 

224 

102 

27 

4 

91 
282 

179 

802 

1,238 

1,130 

1.504 

615 

218 

62 

1 

2 

6 

10 

34 

93 

141 

809 

435 

345 

263 

1 

1 

1 



38,420 

28,657 

2,046 

6,075 

1,689 

8 

Digitized  by 


Google 


342 


REPORT   ON   THE    0EN8US   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condUion  l/y  age^  sejr^  race,  and  nattvUy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 

Total  Populatjon. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  yeare 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

SO  to  31  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city  . . . 


Total. 


12,204 
2,498 
1,689 
865 
2,896 
3,374 
2,679 
4,384 
2,908 
1,759 
1,122 
6 


Single.   ]  Married. 


12,185 
2,447 
1,546 
736 
2,119 
1,894 
1,131 
1.486 


444 
8 


1,374        25,620 


1 

23 

78 

67 

418 

852 

901 

1,637 

1,000 

463 

177 


Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 


■| 


27 
63 
56 
307 
480 
459 
714 
402 
195 
112 
2 


Wid- 
owed. 


6,607  I 


2,817  , 


Un- 
known. 


1 

3 

7 

61 

148 

187 

547 

567 

608 


2,409 


18 


Total  Males. 


Under  15  years... 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  yeare 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  yeare 

30  to  34  yeare 

35  to  44  yeare 

45  to  54  yeare 

65  to  64  yeare 

65  yeare  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city  ... 


5,985 

1,099 

688 

363 

1,308 

1,470 

1,243 

2,103 

1,332 

867 


16,926 


6,980 
1,099 
681 
844 
1,114 
946 
681 

m 

378 
274 
168 

1 


2 
6 
90 
294 
398 
882 
607 
834 
130 


12,300  I   2,743 


6 
12 
100 
214 
238 
888 
231 
137 
80 

1 


1,406 


1 
3 
16 
26 
96 
116 
122 
88 


Total  Females. 


Under  15  yeare... 

15  to  17  yeare 

18  and  19  yeare. . . 

20  yeare 

21  to  24  yeare 

25to29ye€u« 

30  to  84  yeare 

85  to  44  yeare 

46  to  64  yeare 

66  to  64  yeare 

65  yeare  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city  . . . 


6,219 

1,399 

1,001 

492 

1,588 

1,904 

1,436 

2,281 

1,576 

892 

666 

4 


19,448 


6,205 

1.348 

864 

391 

1,005 

948 

650 

751 

661 

319 

276 

2 


13.220 


1 
23 
76 
61 
328 
658 
503 
756 
893 
129 
47 


2,864 


44 

207 

266 

221 

326 

171 

68 

32 

1 


1,411 


1 

3 

6 

48 

132 

161 

449 

451 

386 

301 

1 


13 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


343 


Tablk  XVII. — Cmijugal  condition  by  age^  sex^  race^  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS-Continued. 

Total  Nativk  White. 


I 


I 


Under  15  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years  . . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25 1 )  29  years 

30t784  years 

35  to  44  years 

45t)54  years 

56  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . 
UnlmoMm 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


8,102 

8,085 

1,647 

1,614 

1,091 

994 

502 

431 

1,740 

1,237 

1,869 

965 

1,899 

456 

2,240 

495 

1,306 

202 

667 

95 

366 

54 

2 

1 

Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


1 

20 

67 

45 

339 

627 

659 

1,144 

629 

248 

78 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


12 

28 

19 
119 
154 
128 
161 

67 

15 
6  I 


I  16 

1       

2  • 

7  , 

44  1 

123  ' 

156; 

439  1 

408   

309   

228    

1    


The  city 20,931 


14,629 


3,857 


Native  White  Males. 


709  I 


l,n8 


18 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30to84yeani 

a'>to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city  . . . 


4,005 
702 
422 
198 
722 
723 
595 
960 
518 
260 
113 
1 


9^219 


4,000 
702 
419 
189 
600 
450 
234 
269 


73 
186 
257 
622 
328 
153 

48 


6,996 


1,574 


13  . 
21  I. 
69  I 
67  . 
57  . 
45  . 


.  Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

.8  and  19  years... 

20vearB 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  t^St  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city  . . . 


4,097 
945 
669. 
304 

1,018 

1,146 
S04 

1,280 

788 

407 

253 

1 


11,712  I 


4,085 
•912 
575 
242 
637 
515 
222 
226 
119 
60 
40 


1 

20 

66 

39 

266 

441 

402 

622 

801 

95 

SO 


7,633  2,283 


343 


-il !^ 

2    

6    

41    

110  ' 

135  I 

370  ' 

341    

262  ' 

183   

1  I 


1,442  I 


11 


Digitized  by 


Google 


844 


SEPOBT  ON  THE  0EK8U8  OF  CUBA,  18»9. 


Table  XVII. — (Jonjugal  condilwn  by  age^  war,  racCf  and  «aiirt<y— Continued. 

CITY  OP  MATANZAS-Contlnued. 

Total  FObeion  Whits. 


Total. 

Single. 

ICarried. 

Living 
together 

ashuA- 
bandand 

wife  by 

matuai 
consent 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
knowm. 

189 

68 

88 

66 

867 

469 

411 

769 

587 

485 

245 

139 

67 

88 

68 

817 

808 

219 

274 

126 

65 

25 

1 
4 
2 
41 
125 
189 
852 
801 
190 
92 

1 

1 
1 
8 
28 
84 
75 
42 
20 
11 

i 

13 
19 
68 
118 
100 
117 

8,644 

1,681 

1,247 

220 

496 

Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city — 


Foreign  Whitx  Malbb. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city 


75 
48 
68 
64 
296 
875 
820 
618 
419 
284 
138 


2,695 


75 

48 

68 

53 

280 

276 

193 

245 

105 

49 

16 


1,408 


9 
71 
94 
288 
285 
161 
77 


930 


192 


165 


FoBEioN  Whitx  Fexalxs. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city.... 


64 
20 
20 

i?- 
71 

94 

91 

151 

168 

151 

107 


949 


273 


317 


28 


1 
11 
16 
43 
76 
103 
81 


331 


Digitized  by 


Google 


OONJVOAL   CONDITION. 


345 


Table  XVII. — Oofyugal  condilion  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nalitrUy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS-Continued. 

Total  Colobbd. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
MTlfeby 
mutual 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  years... 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  S4  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  Tears  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city.... 


8.963 
783 
510 
287 
789 

1,086 
869 

1,876 

1,016 

657 

511 

4 


11,799 


3,961 
766 
468 
241 
665 
626 
456 
716 
611 
438 
866 
2 


9,210 


2 
7 
10 
88 
100 
103 
141 
70 


16 
84 
36 
180 
296 
297 
478 
293 
160 
96 
2 


503 


196  I 


Colobbd  Males. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yean. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  yean 

85  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean 

65  yean  and  over 
UiLknown 

The  city 


1,906 
349 
198 
111 
290 
372 
328 
625 
896 
823 
216 
1 


5,012 


1,906 
349 
194 
102 
234 
220 
154 
220 
190 
190 
138 


8,896 


239 


48 
114 
126 
224 
164 
106 

66 
1 


848 


29 


Colobbd  Females. 


Under  15  yean... 

16  to  17  yean 

18  and  19  yean... 

20  yean 

21  to  24  yean 

26  to  29  yean 

80  to  34  yean 

36  to  44  yean 

45  to  54  yean 

55  to  64  yean...... 

65  yean  and  over 
Unknown 

.The  city 


2,068 
434 
812 
176 
499 
664 
641 
860 
620 
834 
296 
8 


6,787 


2,066 
417 
274 
189 
831 
406 
802 
496 
421 
243 
227 
2 


5,314 


264 


16 
81 
27 
132 
184 
172 
264 
139 
66 
30 
1 


1,040 


166 


Digitized  by 


Google 


846 


REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVI  I. —  Conjugal  condition  by  age,  mx,  racfj  and  naiimly — Continued. 

CITY  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 
Total  Population. 


Under  15  yean . . . 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

90  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city 


Total. 


9,091 
1,678 
970 
558 
1,447 
1.626 
1,839 
8,079 
2,263 
1,530 
1,021 


Single. 


9,089 

1,636 

869 

478 


788 
977 


434 
822 


25,102        17,155 


Married. 


1 

35 

82 

67 

346 

598 

802 

1,453 

911 

459 


4,956 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


1 

7 

13 

11 

55 

101 

132 

225 

134 

71 

35 


786 


2,204 


Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

6 



2 

20 

69 
117 

423 
550 

1 

566 

461 

1 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

te  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city  ... 


4,448 
642 
396 
214 
633 
667 
740 

1,276 
902 
891 
403 


10,912 


4,447 
642 
392 
207 
533 
421 
345 
377 
246 
175 
134 


7,919 


80 
192 
309 
737 
499 
280 
144 


2,249 


1 
1 

19 
48 
65 
106 
81 
47 
24 


21  I. 
56  . 
76  . 
89  I. 
101  . 


351 


Total  Females. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city 


4,643 

1.036 

574 

344 

814 

959 

1,099 

1,803 

1,361 

939 

618 


14,190 


4,642 
994 
477 
271 
493 
447 
443 
600 
422 
259 
188 


9,236 


1 

85 
80 
61 
266 
406 
493 
716 
412 
179 
58 


2,707 


7 
12 
10 
36 
53 
67 
119 
53 
24 
11 


392 


5 

2 

19 

53 

96 

367 

474 

477 

860 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


347 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age^  war,  race^  and  nativity — Contdniied. 

CITY  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 

Total  Native  Whitis. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 

ashns- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mntuiu 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  16  years . . . 

15  to  17  yeans 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

ao  to  »4  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city 


1,1S2 

658 

347 

886 

931 

1,178 

1,974 

1,837 

890 

497 


6,624 
1,148 
674 
283 
679 
436 
399 
479 
803 
180 
99 


I 

31 

69 

69 

266 

412 

628 

1,056 

604 

291 

94 


16,605 


11,104 


3,605 


25 
36 
65 
110 
61 
22 
7 


330 


2 
16 
48 
91 
829 
379 
897 
297 


1,665 


Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  54  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city.... 


3,199 
460 
263 
121 
343 
338 
432 
764 
434 
272 
148 


6,764 


3,199 
460 
260 
118 
282 
201 
165 
176 
90 
64 
27 


6,022 


2 
3 

55 
119 
219 
601 
283 
161 
70 


1,413 


145 


184 


Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city 


3,426 
732 
396 
226 
5l3 
593 
746 

1,210 
903 
618 
349 


9,741 


3,426 
698 
314 
166 
297 
236 
284 
308 
213 
126 
72 


6,082 


1 

31 
67 
66 
211 
296 
404 
65t 
321 
180 
24 


2,092 


185 


6 

2 

16 

44 

76 

291 

344 

862 

261 


1,381 


Digitized  by 


Google 


348 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  agf^  «a:,  rcuxy  and  nottriiy— Continued. 

Cmr  OF  PUERTO  PMNCIPB-Oontinued. 

Total  Forxigm  Whits. 


Total. 


Single.    Married. 


Uring 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
matual 
consent 


Wid-     I     Un- 
dowed.     known. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

90  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city.... 


70 

32 

29 

28 

129 

174 

132 

266 

217 

130 

76 


70 
82 
28 
25 
104 
116 
76 
83 
84 
21 
18 


1,283 


602 


1 
2 
19 
42 
48 
152 
127 
67  , 
29 


482  I 


111 


FOREIGN  White  Males. 


Under  15  yean... 

15  to  17  years 

ISand  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city  ... 


89 

24 

22 

18 

110 

158 

122 

287 

196 

100 


1,084 


24 
22 
17 
94 
112 
78 
77 
34 
16 
12 


620 


1 

12 
32 
86 
138 
121 
61 
25 


421 


80 


Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

SO  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  yeazB  and  over 

The  city  ... 


199 


82 


61 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITION. 


849 


Tablb  XVII. — Ckmjugal  condition  by  age^  #ex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PBINCIPS-ContlnDed. 

Total  Colobkd. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Liying 
together 
asbuB- 
bandand 
wife  by 
mutuaJ 
coiueDt 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  16  yean... 

15tol7yeaiB 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  a4  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  &!  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city 


2,896 

2,895 

464 

456 

283 

267 

183 

170 

432 

843 

521 

816 

629 

813 

839 

416 

709 

831 

610 

233 

448 

210 

4 

12 
6 

61 
144 
186 
246 
180 
101 

79 


7,814 


6,449 


969 


867 


4 
9 
28 
85 
140 
133 
184 


Colobkd  Malbb. 


Under  15  yearn... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years.  ^ . . 

90  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city 


1,210 
168 
111 
75 
180 
171 
186 
276 
272 
219 
197 


3,064 


1,209 
168 
110 

72 
167 
108 
107 
124 
122 
106 

95 


2,877 


2 
13 
41 
54 
108 
96 
58 
49 


415 


168 


104 


COLOBBO  FBMALBB. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

The  city — 


1,186 
296 
172 
108 
262 
360 
843 
664 
437 
291 
251 


4,260 


1,186 
288 
167 
98 
186 
206 
206 
291 
209 
128 
116 


3,072 


4 

12 
4 
48 

108 
82 

143 
85 
43 
30 


654 


199 


8 

7 
20 
78 
117 
108 
96 


424 


Digitized  by 


Google 


350 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tablk  XVII. — Conjugal  amdUion  by  age,  sex,  rojce,  and  nativittf — Continued. 

CITY  or  BANTIAOO. 
Total  Population. 


Under  15  years. . . 

16  to  17  years 

18  EDd  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city.... 


Total. 


8  I 


Single. 


14,687 

2,952 

1,803 

852 

1,990 

2,000 

1,627 

2,838 

1,498 

825 

475 

1 


48,090  I      80,996 


Married. 


51 

183 

97 

486 

981 

1,224 

1,982 

1,008 

885 

102 

2 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wifebv 

mutual 
consent. 


2 
42 
83 
68 
270 
501 
631 
966 
496 
194 
43 


Wid- 
owed. 


8,299  I 


2 
4 
8 
40 
122 
221 
574 
593 
478 
846 


Un- 
known. 


2,888  I 


Total  Males. 


Under  15  years. . . 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
UnJuown 

The  city  . . . 


7,135 

1,319 

891 

449 

1,311 

1,727 

1,778 

2,743 

1,569 

683 

815 

2 


19,922 


7,133 

1,316 

877 

416 

1,107 

1,114 

822 

1,002 

508 

225 

140 

1 


14,661 


1 

5 

15 

108 

859 

605 

,104 

646 

233 

77 

1 


3,154 


1 

1 

9 

16 

90 

285 

311 

501 

801 

138 

29 


1,635 


1 
4 
19 
89 
132 
114 
87 


465 


Total  Females. 


Under  15  years... 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city  ... 


7,506 
1,729 
1,132 

677 
1,478 
.  1,877 
1,929 
8,119 
2,021 
1,149 

651 
1 


28,168 


7,604 

1,636 

926 

436 


805 
,886 
990 
600 
835 


16,837 


60 
128 

82 
378 
622 
619 
878 
857 
102 

25 
1 


8,242 


1 

41 
74 
62 
180 
266 
823 
462 
196 
66 
14 


1,664 


1,923 


2 

4 

7 

36 
103 

1 

182 

442 
479 

1 

391 

277 

Digitized  by 


Google 


CONJUGAL   CONDITiaN. 


351 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age^  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO— ConUnued. 

Total  Nativf.  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

Vndcr  15  years 

6,937 

1,160 

737 

858 

966 

1,096 

1,145 

1,869 

1,128 

567 

805 

1 

5,937 

1,113 

658 

293 

663 

628 

403 

673 

804 

143 

80 

1 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years 

23 
65 
46 
216 
410 
520 
833 
412 
158 
43 

12 
26 
18 
66 
96 
111 
183 
76 
26 
6 

I 

1 
19 
61 
111 
279 
386 
240 
177 

1 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years , 

2 

25  to  29  years 

fO  to  34  yean 

85  to  44  years 

1 

45  to  54  vears 

55  to  64  years » 

65  vears  and  over 

Unknown 

' 1 

The  dty 

15,258 

10,691 

2,716 

619 

1,228 

4 
* 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years, . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

?0  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city.... 


Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

G^  years  and  over . 
UnjLnown 


The  city. 


2,970 
639 
440 
198 
556 
662 
684 

1,086 
?28 
883  , 
220 


2,970 
605 
361 
141 
316 
280 
228 
836 
213 
109 


8,656  6,622 


22 

53 

43 

173 

272 

802 

427 

196 

60 

10 


1,558 


1 
3 
1 

17 
53 
96 
235 
291 
205 
147 


325  I 


1,049 


Digitized  by 


Google 


352 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  war,  race,  and  natwUy^Contmued. 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 

Total  Foeugm  Whitk. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


UTing 
together 
aa  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 
oonaent 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Under  15  years . . . 

16  to  17  years 

18  and  19  yean. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  yeazB 

65  years  and  over 
Uniuiown 

The  city  ... 


261 
78 
148 
78 
880 
672 
494 
821 
461 
161 
69 
2 


261 

67 

181 

62 

269 

894 

270 

840 

168 

60 

28 


4 

12 
9 

50 
129 
162 
842 
199 

62 

18 
2 


8,440 


2,016 


266 


197 


FOBBiaM  Whitb  Malb. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to24yeazs 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown 

The  city  . . . 


127 
48 
110 
49 
276 
479 
428 
706 
406 
126 


2,796 


127 
43 
110 
46 
260 
863 
267 
810 
144 
42 
20 


1,712 


2 

19 

77 

119 

282 

177 

60 

17 

1 


744 


280 


106 


FOUEIQH  WHITV  FSMALBI. 


Under  15  yetm. . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 
Unicnown 

The  city  ... 


124 
80 
88 
24 
64 
93 
71 

116 
63 
26 
20 
1 


646 


124 
24 
21 
16 
19 
81 
18 
80 
9 
8 
8 


806 


28 


89 


Digitized  by 


Google 


OONJUOAL   CONDITION. 


858 


Tablb  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  »ex,  race,  and  naiivUy — Continued. 

CITY  OP  SANTIAGO— ConUnoed. 

Total  Colobxd. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years..*. 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  yean 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city  ... 


Total. 


8,462 
1,826 
1,143 
695 
1,498 
1,987 
2,068 
3,172 
2,001 
1,114 


24,892 


Single. 


8,449 
1,772 
1,019 

497 
1,068 
1,078 

954 
1,425 
1,041 

632 

367 


Married. 


Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 


24 
66 
42 
220 
442 
562 
807 
392 
125 
41 


18,292  I 


2,711 


2 
28 
57 
49 
193 
365 
474 
701 
365 
152 
36 


2,422 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


1 

1 

6 

21 

62 

87 

239 

203 

205 

148 


OOLOBKD  MALXS. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

ao  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city  . . . 


4,041 
766 
484 
240 
625 
806 
894 

1,265 
761 
874 
181 


10,425 


4,039 
765 
475 
218 
510 
603 
390 
456 
273 
149 
103 


7,880 


3 
10 
46 
144 
268 
416 
263 
85 
27 


1,262 


6 
10 
66 
151 
217 
382 
200 
106 


1,111 


178 


GOLOBBD  FBMALBB. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  yean  and  over 

The  city  ... 


4,411 

1,060 

669 

865 

868 

1,132 

1,174 

1,917 

1,240 

740 

411 


13,967 


4,410 
1,007 
544 
279 
548 
576 
664 
970 
768 
488 
264 


10,412 


24 
63 
82 
174 
296 
284 
391 
189 
40 
14 


1,460 


1 

28 

51 

39 

127 

214 

257 

369 

165 

46 

14 


1,3U 


1 

1 
6 
19 
45 
69 
187 
168 
171 
119 


786 


24662- 


-23 


Digitized  by 


Google 


354 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XYlll.—JUegUimate  ckUdreru 
CUBA. 


Total. 

Under  6 
years. 

5to9 
yearn. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25yea« 
and  over. 

Allclasees 

185,090 

87,000 

56,650 

47,161 

20,883 

10,061 

7.265 

Males 

«,126 
92,904 

18,567 
18.603 

28,768 
27,882 

24,121 
23,040 

12,411 
14,422 

6.071 
4.990 

3,198 

Females 

4.0C7 

Native  white 

58,686 

12,140 

19.093 

15,554 

8,051 

2.577 

1,271 

Males 

90,185 
28,501 

6,171 
5,969 

10,011 
*    9,082 

7,900 
7,594 

8,893 
4,158 

1,468 
1,109 

682 

Females 

588 

Foreign  white 

2M 

28 

48 

52 

50 

37 

39 

Males 

143 
111 

13 
15 

25 
23 

28 
24 

29 
21 

22 
15 

26 

Females 

13 

Colored 

126,090 

24,892 

37,509 

31,555 

18,782 

7,447 

5,955 

Males 

61,798 
64,292 

12,873 
12,519 

18,782 
18,777 

16.133 
15,422 

8,489 
10,248 

3,581 
3,866 

2.490 

Female*! 

3,465 

PROVINCK  OF  HABANA. 


Allclaawe 

28,808 

5,897 

7,863 

6,621 

4,287 

2,016 

1.760 

Males 

13.665 
14.638 

2,856 
8,042 

3.890 
8,973 

8,275 
8,246 

1,955 
2.282 

923 
1,093 

767 

Females 

1,002 

Native  white 

6,737 

1,834 

2,090 

1,492 

789 

321 

211 

-Males 

Females 

3.345 
3,892 

884 
960 

1,074 
1.016 

717 
775 

898 
896 

174 
147 

lOS 
108 

Foreign  white 

135 

13 

80 

26 

25 

19 

22 

Males 

70 
65 

7 
6 

14 
16 

12 
14 

13 
12 

10 
9 

14 

Females 

8 

Colored 

21,431 

4,050 

6,743 

5,003 

8,423 

1.676 

1,536 

Males 

10,250 
11,181 

1.964 
2,086 

2,802 
2,941 

2,646 
2,457 

1,549 
1,874 

739 
987 

650 

Females 

886 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


All  classes 

24,863 

5,338 

7,831 

6,088 

3,227 

1,247 

1,132 

Males 

11,969 
12,394 

2,662 
2,676 

8.629 
3,702 

8,192 
2,896 

1,466 
1,771 

583 
664 

.     447 

Females 

685 

Native  white 

2,678 

680 

813 

736 

341 

120 

89 

Males 

1,832 
1.846 

286 
294 

395 

418 

886 
349 

162 
179 

67 
63 

36 

Females 

53 

Foreign  white 

17 

.2 

8 

4 

4 

4 

Males 

11 
6 

2 

1 

8 

1 

2 
2 

4 

Females 

2 

Colored 

21,668 

4,758 

6,516 

6,360 

2,882 

1,123 

1,0S8 

Males 

10,626 
11,042 

2,876 
2,882 

8,234 
8.282 

2,804 
2,546 

1,291 
1,691 

514 
609 

407 

Females 

632 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


ILLEGITIMATE   CHILDREN. 


355 


Tablr  XVIII. — lUegiHmaU  childrni — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total. 
17,»76 

Under  6 
years. 

Bto9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

2,126 

20  to  24 
years. 

756 

25years 
and  over. 

Allelaffles 

4,317 

5,963 

4,299 

515 

Malc8 

8,820 
9,156 

2,167 
2,160 

3,011 
2,952 

2,091 
2. -205 

942 

1.1»t 

361 
.^»5 

255 

FemaleH 

2G0 

Native  white 

7,043 

1,830 

2,455 

1,608 

721 

276 

153 

Males 

8.572 
3,471 

935 

895 

1,284 
1.171 

774 
834 

348 
873 

148 

128 

83 

Females 

70 

Foreign  white 

11 

1 

2 

3 

1 



4 

Males 

7 
4 

1 
1 

3 

1 



2 

Females 

i 



2 

1 

Colored 

10,922 

2,486 

3,506 

2.688 

1,401 

480 

358 

Males 

Females 

6,241 
5,681 

1,222 
1,264 

1.T26 
1.780 

1,317 
1,371 

593 
811 

213 
267 

170 

188 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


AUclasies 

8,483 

1,923 

2,602 

2,170 

1,206 

359 

223 

Males 

Females 

4,354 
4,129 

9M 
939 

1,867 
1.235 

1,137 
1,033 

577 
629 

186 
173 

108 
120 

Native  white 

5.004 

1,164 

1.654 

1,818 

653 

155 

60 

Males 

Females 

2.621 
2,383 

589 
575 

875 
779 

699 
619 

327 
326 

91 
64 

40 
20 

Foreiifn  white              

5 

1 

2 

1 

I 

Males              

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

Females 

2 

. ... 

Colored 

3,474 

758 

916 

851 

552 

•21M 

163 

Males 

1,730 
1,744 

894 
364 

492 
454 

487 
414 

249 
303 

95 
109 

63 

Females 

100 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


All  classes 

81,576 

5,674 

9.474 

8.895 

4,887 

1,813 

1,833 

Males 

15,337 
16,239 

2,867 
2,807 

4,735 
4,789 

4.289 
4.156 

2.130 
2,757 

834 
979 

532 

Females 

801 

Native  white 

8,936 

1,807 

2,807 

2,641 

1,327 

454 

200 

Males 

4,544 
4,392 

764 
743 

1,445 
1,362 

1,846 
1,295 

625 
702 

254 
200 

110 

Females 

90 

Foreign  white 

49 

3 

8 

10 

9 

13 

6 

Males 

32 
17 

1 
2 

6 
2 

7 
3 

i 

10 
3 

4 

Females 

2 

Colored 

22,691 

4,164 

.6,,660 

5.744 

3,561 

1.346 

1,127 

Males 

10,761 
11,880 

2,102 
2,062 

3,284 
3,375 

2,886 
2,858 

1,501 
2,050 

670 
776 

418 

Females 

709 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


356 


BEPOBT  ON  THE   CENSUS  OF  CUBA^  18W. 
Table  XyilL—IlUgUimaU  children— Ck>ntinued. 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO. 


Total. 

Under  5 
years. 

5to9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

16  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
yeara. 

25yearB 
and  over. 

Allclaaeefl 

74,829 

18.911 

23,417 

19.688 

11.150 

3.870 

2.293 

Males 

87,981 
86.348 

7.032 
6.879 

12.136 
11.281 

10.181 
9,504 

5.351 
6,799 

2.184 
1.686 

1.094 

Females 

1.199 

Native  white 

28,288 

6,225 

9.274 

7.760 

4.220 

1.251 

568 

Males 

14.771 
13,517 

2.713 
2.512 

4.938 
4.336 

4.038 
3,722 

2,038 
2,182 

734 
517 

310 

Females 

248 

Forei^  white 

37 

10 

4 

» 

10 

1 

S 

Males 

20 
17 

4 

6 

4 

3 
6 

7 
3 

2 

Females 

1 

I 

Colored 

46,004 

8,676 

14.139 

11,919 

6,920 

2.618 

1,7S2 

Males 

23,190 
22.814 

4.315 
4.361 

7.194 
6,945 

6,143 
6,776 

8.806 
8,614 

1,450 
1,168 

782 

Females 

950 

CITY  OF  CIKNFUEG08. 


All  classes 

2,862 

644 

787 

789 

476 

187 

129 

Males 

1.871 
1,491 

275 
269 

870 
417 

868 
871 

216 
261 

93 
94 

50 

Female** 

79 

Native  white 

800 

181 

244 

210 

107 

4^ 

13 

Males 

403 
397 

90 
91 

124 

120 

98 
112 

52 
55 

29 
16 

10 

Females 

3 

Forei^  white 

1 

1 

" 

... 

Males 

1 

I 

Females 

Colored 

2.061 

362 

643 

629 

869 

142 

116 

Males 

967 
1,004 

184 
178 

246 
297 

270 
269 

163 
206 

64 
78 

40 

Females 

76 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


All  classes 

17.760 

3,986 

4,873 

8,759 

2,679 

1,319 

1,1M 

Males 

8.491 
9,269 

1,892 
2,(H4 

2,400 
2,473 

1,887 
1.872 

1,225 
1,464 

583 
736 

504 

690 

NaUve  white 

4,624 

1,860 

1,426 

964 

620 

205 

149 

Males 

2.268 
2,366 

655 
706 

718 
708 

464 

600 

246 
275 

108 
97 

78 

Females 

71 

Foreign  white 

100 

9 

23 

14 

19 

14 

21 

Males 

60 
60 

6 
4 

10 
18 

6 
9 

11 
8 

6 
8 

IS 

Females 

8 

Colored 

13,086 

2,567 

8,424 

2,781 

2.140 

1,100 

1.024 

Males 

6,173 
6.863 

1,232 
1,835 

1,672 
1,752 

1,418 
1,368 

969 
1,171 

469 
681 

413 

Females 

611 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


ILLEOITIMATE   CHILDBEK. 


357 


Tablb  XyilL—IUegUimtUe  children—Continued. 
CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total. 

Under  6 
yean. 

5to9 
yean. 

10  to  14 
yean. 

15  to  19 
yean. 

20  to  24 
yean. 

25yean 
and  over. 

Allclaasee         

8,661 

689 

960 

859 

539 

278 

236 

Males    

1,765 
1,796 

845 
844 

485 
475 

463 
896 

249 
290 

131 
147 

92 

KpiiibIw           -- 

144 

Native  white         

629 

151 

194 

156 

76 

82 

20 

Males 

829 
800 

80 
71 

99 
95 

86 
70 

87 
89 

18 
14 

9 

Females . . , . . .  ^  -  r 

11 

^>reim  white 

1 

1 

Males 

1 

1 

1 

Females          

1 

***  1         ** 

Colored 

2,931 

538 

766 

703 

462 

m 

216 

Males 

1,435 
1,496 

265 
278 

886 
880 

877 
826 

211 
251 

113 
188 

83 

Females , ,  ^ .  ^ ,  ^ . 

188 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


All  classes 

1,946 

383 

516 

456 

824 

148 

119 

Males 

Females 

m 

972 

193 
190 

269 
247 

242 
214 

147 
177 

74 
74 

49 
70 

Native  white 

708 

188 

219 

183 

113 

40 

15 

Males 

Females 

860 
848 

72 
66 

111 
108 

95 

88 

56 
57 

18 
22 

8 
T 

Foreiini  white 

- 

Males 

Colored 

1.238 

245 

297 

273 

211 

108 

104 

Males 

614 
624 

121 
124 

158 
189 

147 
126 

91 
120 

66 
52 

41 

Females 

68 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


All  4*lfMwe<i 

5.824 

733 

1,564 

1,584 

1,075 

462 

466 

Males 

2.863 
2,971 

865 
868 

780 
784 

777 
757 

511 
564 

230 
232 

190 

Females 

266 

Native  white 

1,193 

168 

872 

322 

220 

65 

46 

Males 

622 
571 

91 
77 

200 
172 

171 
151 

104 
116 

87 
28 

19 

Females 

27 

Foreign  white 

15 

8 

3 

1 

2 

1 

Males 

8 
7 

4 

4 

8 

1 

1 

Females         .  .       ... 

1 

1 

Colored 

4,616 

557 

1,189 

1,211 

853 

897 

409 

Males 

2.223 
2,398 

270 
287 

577 
612 

606 
605 

406 
447 

193 
204 

171 

Females 

288 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


358 


KEPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  18»9. 


Table  XlX.School  aiiendancet  literacy,  and  superior  education. 
[Plgnree  in  italics  are  indaded  in  thoae  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Total 

Under  10 
yean  of  age. 

Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 

Superior  edu- 
cation. 

Provinces. 

••9 

**  ft 

< 

§1 

o 

•Si 

< 

3^^ 

p5 

P 

1 

1 

1 

Yes. 

No. 

Habana 

424,804 
tS5,981 
202.444 
m,064 
88.234 
366.636 
827.715 

14.662 
9,8S1 
6.G08 
1.655 
2.196 
8.897 
6.461 

65,076 

sg,tso 

36,440 
41.102 
22,252 
68.812 
83.237 

16,221   183,567 
10,79t     M,ltt 
7.005     06.067 
1,767;  100.518 
2.202    82.440 
11.404  in.305 
7.797  156.678 

11.630 
7,8tt 
4.567 
1.480 
2.528 
8,008 
4.540 

183,021 
127,039 
60.376 
26,415 
26.458 
88.480 
68,010 

687 
96 
292 
132 

88 

0,007^    415,707 

Oityo/Hahana.. 

7,t82[    tt8,699 
2.613'    100.831 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principo 

Santa  Clara 

746 
1.482 
1.977 
3.243 

172,818 
86,752 
354,550 

Rantisgo      

334,472 

Cnba    

1,572,797 

40.560 

316,428 

47,876  fl0O.5fl5 

32,772  443,670 

1.427 

10,158 

1,553,630 

PROVINCE  OP  HABANA. 


District. 


Aguacate 

Alqaisar 

Bainoa 

Bataban6 

Bauta 

Bejncal 

Cano 

Gasiguas 

Cataalca 

Ceiba  del  Agua 

Ouanabacoa 

City  of  Ouanaba- 
coa  

Guara 

Gttines 

Guira  de  Helena 

Habana 

Cilyo/Habana... 

Islade  Pines 

Jarnco 

Madruga 

Managua 

Marianao 

Helena  del  Sur 

NnevaPaz 

Pipian 

Quivic&n 

Regis 

Safiid 

San  Antonio  de  las 

Vegas 

San  Antonio  de  los 

Bafios 

San  Felipe 

Han  Jo86  do  las  Lajas. 

San  Nicolas 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte. 
Santa    Maria    del 

Rosario 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

VeredaNneva 

The  province 


Total 
popula- 
tion. 


8,168 
8,746 
1,726 
6,523 
5,142 
5,756 
4,210 
1,004 
2,718 
2,107 
20,080 

1S,96S 
1,836 

11.304 

11,548 
242.065 
955,981 
3.100 
4,076 
3,744 
2,887 
8,503 
8.207 
7.761 
1,101 
2,423 

11,868 
3,283 

1,865 


424.804 


Under  10 
years  of  age. 


^ 


112 

188 
18 

282 
70 

106 
08 
18 
61 
50 

618 


40 


0,067 
9,ii8l 
38 
183 
51 
84 
205 
105 
168 


96 
665 
64 


366 
60 

88 
10 
1 

62 
265 

8 


14,652 


-1 


400 

1,634 

288 

1.110 

000 

060 

760 

162 

454 

408 

8,806 

t,OI^ 
867 

1,787 

2,173 
33,300 
Sf,tSO 
784 
578 
624 
588 

1,371 
560 

1,432 
167 
425 

1,700 
630 


2,217 
350 
734 
015 
510 

450 

1,781 

268 

456 


Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 


It 


125 
153 
15 
237 
75 
175 
123 
16 
74 
46 
787 

717 

37 

325 

105 

10,066 

10,799 

37 
243 

77 

:)0 
868 

84 

188 

1 

92 
563 

58 

79 

410 

76 

80 

27 

1 

37 

341 

13 

48 


05,076 


5fl 


If 


3 


16,221 


1,567 
4,411 

021 
2,722 
2,758 
2.467 
2,014 

5r3 
1,520 
1,151 
6,823 

IS 

19 

80 

28 

f!   27 

<  it 

43 

74 

44 

68 

00 

83 

20 

83 

26 

»,J33 

1,845 

071 

5.400 
1,000 
2.142 
2,580 
1.845 

1.356 
3.612 
1,001 
1,360 


133,567 


^-1 
1 


107 
135 
26 
87 
68 
71 
78 
22 
21 
23 
806 

C47 
1 

201 
77 
8,008 
7,8t9 
42 
76 
84 
56 

185 
42 
87 
10 
30 

413 
57 

12 


45 
63 
53 
24 

140 
230 
20 


11,630 


761 

2,275 

455 

2,074 

1,262 

1.887 

1,145 

213 

578 

513 

7,782 


871 

8.276 

2,072 

120.186 

If7,0» 

054 
1.021 

010 

616 
8,450 

683 
2,062 

200 

554 
4,972 


865 


062 

584 

676 

3,620 

232 

526 


183,021 


I 

5 


a 

21 
101 

95 
1 
1 
4 


1 
427 


037 


Superior  edu 
cation. 


Yes. 


00 
28 
81 
21 
12 
10 
8 
200 


7 

82 

105 

7,363 

7,«M 

22 

86 

12 

6 

150 

10 

47 

2 

28 

294 

0 

20 

106 
38 
16 
18 


No. 


3.140 
8.678 
1,718 
6,463 
5.114 
5,675 
4.180 

ogs 

2,708 
2.189 
19,790 

U,697 
1,828 

11,312 

11.443 
234.702 
9S8,C99 
3,177 
4.040 
8.738 
2,881 
8,434 
3,197 
7,714 
1,099 
2,897 

11.060 
3,284 

1,835 

12,525 
1,877 
4.138 
4,550 
2,950 

2,701 
10,190 
1,546 
2,412 


0,007      415,707 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITERACY. 


359 


Table  XIX. — School  attendance,  literacy ^  and  miperior  educatior. — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OP  MATANZA8. 
[Pigurea  in  italics  are  indaded  in  those  for  the  province  or  district] 


Total 

Under  10 
years  of  age. 

Ten  years 

of  age 

and  over. 

Sa];)erior  edu- 
cation. 

District. 

•0 
(30 

< 

l| 
•dfl 
q5 

©  . 
so 

< 

s 

? 

1 

1 

Yea. 

No. 

Alacranofl 

10 

70 

84 

98 

61 

Uf 

74 

05 

07 

00 

53 

20 

42 

05 

05 

82 

74 

46 

58 

147 

„^0 

4,464 

5,205 

6,765 

2.065 

5,226 

236 
185 
03 
52 
1,225 
l,t03 
130 
341 
100 
171 
131 
256 
67 
264 
205 
2,251 

80 
5 
158 
100 
72 
135 
225 
7 
101 

1,335 

1.770 

060 

282 

4.115 

SMU 

568 

2.455 

1,160 

1,176 

1,108 

1.437 

1,143 

1,888 

1.824 

6.764 

6,170 

773 

405 

1,643 

764 

770 

050 

1,404 

626 

073 

280 
200 
101 

87 

1,558 

l,6fO 

124 

345 

06 
102 
114 
276 

08 

265 

162 

2.858 

f,7f7 

08 

13 
178 
158 

68 
101 
262 

50 
218 

4,610 
5,060 
3.225 
1,310 
8.084 
6,SU7 
1.7W 
5,467 
8,230 
8.474 
3.227 
3.500 
2.066 
6.054 
5.110 
15,070 
9,699 
2.230 
1385 
4.315 
2.878 
2.744 
2,000 
8.702 
1.827 
2.448 

130 

163 

42 

5 

806 

775 

88 

317 

123 

65 

72 

142 

64 

140 

112 

1.547 

1,289 

84 

40 

71 

05 

81 

88 

115 

16 

152 

1.498 

1,780 

760 

254 

0.080 

8,580 

424 

3.258 

1.084 

010 

1.100 

1.880 

706 

1,757 

1,478 

16.715 

15,273 

771 

347 

1,276 

042 

716 

010 

1,047 

420 

1.241 

17 

3 

3 

3 

43 

35 

4 

12 

5 

12 

11 

21 

3 

37 

5 

68 

58 

1 

13 
6 
3 
4 
4 
10 
1 
3 

77 

01 

13 

16 

300 

387 

3 

00 

18 

62 

27 

155 

45 

50 

40 

1.280 

1,2U) 

26 

4 

34 

23 

15 

51 

27 

8 

41 

8,083 

Bolondr6n 

0,088 

OhA7r^       . 

5,171 

Oanasi 

1,077 

24,462 

Citypf  Cdrdencu. 
Carlos  Rojas 

21,553 
3,171 

Ck>16n 

12,105 

Crievitflfl 

5,780 

5,088 

JaflTfley  Qrande 

Mw^^gTia ....       .... 

5,826 
7,374 
4,007 

Hacnriges 

MarU 

10,355 
8,856 

43,008 

Cityo/Maianzas. 
H&ziino-G6mez 

PalmiUas 

Perico 

35, 13k 
4.020 
2.154 
7.613 
4.426 

Roque 

4440 

Sabanilla 

5.154 

San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos 
Santa  Ana 

6,738 
2;  057 

Union  de  Reyes 

5,185 

The  province... 

202,444 

6.606 

36.440 

7,005 

06,067 

4,567 

50.876 

292 

2,613 

100.831 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa  

0.317 
2,117 
3.853 
4,866 

7,300 

16,665 

8,706 

14.760 

2.710 

1,871 

2,456 

8,366 

3,631 

38,343 

8,880 
4,263 

2,410 
1,187 

14,787 
7.608 

17,700 

57 

6' 

88 

68 

105 

220 

0 

40 

1 

2 

20 

117 

463 

363 
26 

14 
....... 

52 

182 

1.608 
476 
684 
830 

1,004 

4,180 

1.684 

8,086 

406 

410 

528 

2,067 

646 

10,002 

1,59U 
826 

510 

261 

8,627 

2,100 

5.004 

72 

■'*"io* 
111 

43 

205 

238 

13 

60 

....... 

81 
104 
470 

372 
30 

10 

"'"06* 
87 
162 

5,442 
1.258 
2,603 
2.028 

4.450 
0.100 
3.088 
0,560 
1,467 
1.203 
1.466 
5,252 
1,057 
20,852 

3,170 
2,587 

1,404 

714 

0,040 

4,310 

10,478 

76 
10 

8 
33 

50 
230 
147 
50 
85 

""u 

44 
58 
406 

213 
26 

7 
14 
108 
58 
75 

1.060 
868 
404 
870 

702 

2.484 

2,560 

2.084 

600 

157 

424 

045 

751 

6.092 

3J53 
808 

881 
148 

1,828 
077 

1,794 

12 

1 

3' 

2 

13 
1 
0 
8 
1 
4 
8 
8 

28 

15 

1 

3 

"""20' 
15 
5 

45 

8 
11 
88 

17 
74 
74 
20 
21 
2 
14 
11 
22 
206 

169 
10 

14 
1 
33 
24 
42 

0.272 

Bahla  Honda  

2.100 

0Al>f|fSA4 

3.842 

Candelaria 

4,778 

Cons61aci6n  del 
Norte 

7,882 

Cona61acl6n  del  Bur  . 
<i^nanAjay ... 

16,501 
8,722 

Qnane 

14,740 

Qnayabal 

2,680 

1860 

2,442 

Mftntnft    ..... 

8.355 

Mf^rlA] 

8m 

Pinar  del  Bin ... 

88.137 

City  of  Finar  del 

8,711 

San  Cristobal 

San    Diego  de  los 
Baiios 

4.244 
2.406 

San  Diego  de  Nnilez. 
San  Joan  y  Martinez. 
San  liTiis 

1136 
14,754 
7,584 

Vi«i^l«. 

17,658 

The  province.. - 

178.064 

1.655 

41,102 

1,757 

100,513 

1.400 

26,415 

132 

746 

172,818 

PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 

CiegodeAvlU 

Mor6n 

0.801 

0,680 

10,855 

58,140 

25,102 
5,308 

128 

162 

804 

1,522 

1,319 
85 

2,767 
2,636 
2,154 
18,160 

A,  555 
1,536 

128 

211 

813 

1,466 

l,2h2 
80 

4.507 

4,830 

8.635 

17.288 

6,026 
2.000 

222 
225 

216 
1,700 

1,11k 
157 

1.065 
1.558 
8,718 
17,870 

11,820 
1.848 

4 

18 

16 

117 

28 
8 

88 

66 

137 

1,130 

92U 
68 

0.718 
0,566 

Nnevitas   

10,218 

Puerto  Principe 

City    of    Puerto 

Principe 

SanU  Cruz  del  Sur . . 

62,001 

tU, 178 
5,255 

The  province  .. 

88,234 

2,106 

22,252 

2,202 

32.440 

2.628 

26.468 

158 

1,482 

86,752 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


360 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA, 


Table  XIX. — School  attendance,  literacy,  and  superior  ediKXif ton— Continued. 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 
[Fiffares  in  italics  ar«  incladed  in  those  for  the  province  or  district] 


District 


Total 
popula- 
tion. 


Under  10 
years  of  age. 


n 
it 

§1 


Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 


si 


1 


Superior  edu- 
cation. 


Yes.'      No. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartsffena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfnegos 

City  of  Cien/ue- 

go8 

Cifuentes 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

Quemado  de  QOines . 

Rancho  Veloz 

Ranchnelo 

Rodas  

Sagua  la  Grande 

City  of  Sttgua  la 

Oraiule 

San  Antonio  de  las 

Vneltas 

Sancti-Spirltus 

City    of   Sancti' 

Stoiritus 

San  Diego  del  Valle. . 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 
San  Juan  de  los  Re- 
medies   

Santa  Clara 

City     of    Santa 

Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las 

Lajas 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

City  of  Trinidad . 
Yaguajay 

TJie  province... 


3,906 
8,660 
13,419 
14,496 
6,244 
6,964 
69,128 

S0,0S8 
3,826 
7,963 
7,811 
6.527 

11,961 
8.890 
7,632 
6,069 
9,662 

21,342 

lM,7t8 

12,882 
26,709 

5,309 
6,446 
6,600 

14,833 
28,487 

15,765 

9,603 
10,372 
24,271 
ll,ltO 

9,718 


180 
218 
181 
240 
96 
107 
1,994 

i,677 
189 
236 
191 
172 
160 
80 
96 
68 
384 


7tO 

120 
429 

307 
49 
68 

Ul 


818 

96 
243 
676 

6tO 
188 


764 
1,917 
2,682 
2.961 
1,210 
1,842 
10,622 

U,861 
686 
1.422 
1.866 
1.364 
2,876 
1,901 
1,713 
1,079 
1,876 
8,633 

rf891 
5,211 

f,574 

991 

1,822 

1.196 

2,n3 
4,602 

1,807 

1.508 
1,828 
4.646 
t,0S6 
2,0SBZ 


186 
241 
278 
262 
141 
107 
2.565 

i»155 
182 
316 
254 
236 
197 
74 
128 
183 
367 

1.123 


167 
778 

687 
67 
85 

142 

610 


J.IU 

114 
230 
979 
766 
190 


1,882 
3,100 
7,881 
7,666 
3,692 
3,668 
23,900 

7,007 
1.928 
3.653 
4,491 
8,124 
6,106 
6,629 
4,417 
2,668 
4,990 
8,612 

6,949 
9,872 

S,6t8 
3.319 
3,848 
3.186 

6,964 
13,304 

4,085 

5,778 
6.860 
10,254 
2,970 
4,848 


81 
278 
246 
145 
60 
96 
1,247 

9SU 

43 

238 

131 

149 

292 

76 

83 

116 

76 

608 

US 

184 
1,474 

i,0f9 
60 
48 
102 

316 
891 


155 
137 
401 

f25 
207 


2.900 
2.245 
3,322 
1.153 
1.185 
18,738 

13,286 
797 
2,066 
1,387 
1,492 
2,788 
1,180 
1,006 
1.060 
1.980 
6.412 

4,654 

2,521 
7,040 

U,870 
801 

1.075 
866 

8,708 
7.618 

6, 297 

1.861 
2,078 
7.226 
U,616 
2.268 


84 
42 
46 
72 

19 

20 

510 

594 
20 
80 
80 
15 
46 
31 
26 
15 
42 

140 


42 

145 

107 
19 
19 
19 

57 
279 

26U 

37 
61 
136 

108 
18 


3.961 
8,606 
13,878 
14,423 
6.226 
6.934 
58.618 

29,6a 
3.805 
7,914 
7,781 
6,512 

11,915 
8,860 
7.607 
5,044 
0,520 

21.203 

12,613 

12.700 
25,564 

IS,  589 
5,8S0 
6.428 
5,581 

14,778 
28,158 

is,m 

9,566 
10,311 
24.136 
11,012 

0,700 


356,586 


8.807 


68,312 


11,404 


171,305 


8.006  88.400 


120 


1.077 


354,560 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


AltoSongo 

Baracoa  

Bayamo 

Campechuela 

Caney 

Cobre 

Cristo 

Gibara 

Guantanamo 

Holguin 

Jiguani 

Manzanillo 

Cityof  MantaniUo 

Mayauri 

Niquero 

Pauna  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

City  of  Santiago 
de  Cuba 

The  province... 


70 


l26 
W 
104 
i04 
163 
i06 
[05 
S8 
£U 
i04 
18 
106 
164 
'OO 
181 
^78 

45,090 


327,715 


11 

401 

315 

162 

30 

43 

20 

664 

444 

432 

80 

1.184 

1,061 

42 

03 

60 

180 

54 

267 

1,071 

1,970 


6,461 


966 

33 
!68 
06 
!2& 
00 
66 
41 
22 
63 
44 
21 
87 
60 
37 
66 

6,64iP 


83.287 


450 
371 
203 


24 

605 

674 

«450 

104 

1,215 

1,070 

73 

116 

151 

180 

78 

286 

2,481 

^,451 


7,544 
10,864 
11.412 
3.088 
4,740 
5.821 
460 
15.204 
18,806 
17,502 


14.216 
3,909 
4,527 
1.402 
7,660 

10.633 
3,227 
6.608 

U.888 

10,  ^f7 


7,797  156,673 


40 

344 

283 

73 

76 

60 

16 

362 

874 

385 

06 

645 

457 

204 

21 

76 

277 

40 

68 

1,U0 

1,109 


4,540 


1,511 
3,656 
2,547 
1.216 
2.270 
1,806 

421 
6,442 
6.638 
5.822 
1.136 
7,884 
6,66U 
1,000 

342 
1.126 
2,708 

626 

1,714 

20,660 

f0,545 


68,010 


36 

78 

72 

32 

08 

35 

20 

320 

875 

68 

8 

146 

136 

12 

5 

16 

01 

10 

78 

1,748 

1,745 


8,243 


12,734 
21.866 
21.121 
7.337 
0,028 
10,672 
1,174 
81.274 
27,688 
34.443 
10.487 
82.142 
Ik,  329 
8.402 
2,713 
12,289 
10,883 
6,786 
11,608 
43,730 

Ul,3k7 


324,472 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITEBAOY. 


861 


Tabus  XX. — Population  10  yearn  of  age  and  over,  by  age^  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy. 


CCTBA. 


TotaL 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

• 

Can  read 

but  can  not 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

1,215,810 

690,665 

82,772 

492,473 

280.049 

140,727 

9,144 

70,178 

178,086 

96,261 

6,146 

75.629 

152,069 

75.964 

3,501 

r3, 604 

137.406 

60.242 

3,198 

64.905 

118,812 

62,548 

2,612 

53.652 

185,066 

101,553 

3,937 

79,666 

117,528 

71,603 

2,275 

43.560 

68.182 

45.429 

1.288 

21.466 

37,784 

27.158 

672 

0.054 

634.515 

861,691 

11,905 

270,919 

112,800 

75,149 

3,892 

33,358 

84,346 

47,978 

2,283 

84,075 

79,008 

38.141 

1,261 

89,606 

78,206 

84,596 

1,098 

37.510 

64,023 

30,850 

894 

32.279 

101,306 

60,712 

1,292 

49,301 

64,006 

86,312 

686 

27,008 

37,090 

24,197 

331 

12,571 

19,063 

13,754 

158 

6,121 

681.205 

388,874 

20,867 

221,564 

107,660 

66,578 

5,262 

86,820 

98,689 

48,283 

3.852 

41,554 

73.961 

37,813 

2,240 

83,808 

64,199 

84,644 

2,100 

27,455 

64.789 

31,608 

1,718 

21,373 

83,751 

60,841 

2,645 

80,265 

W,432 

86,381 

1,589 

16.462 

81.083 

21,232 

957 

8,894 

18,751 

13,404 

514 

4.833 

678,796 

360.585 

16,604 

297,606 

^^^ 

91,362 

5.096 

49,870 

w 

60,340 

3,289 

60,454 

44,148 

1,634 

42,?21 

37,162 

1,375 

86,574 

.lfy'''08 

81.544 

1,127 

80,337 

MY  Vol 

47.911 

1,743 

46,347 

;M 

27,487 

927 

24,474 

13,522 

549 

12,619 

6,160 

264 

6,210 

826,826 

179,902 

6,015 

140,908 

76,170 

48,848 

2,471 

23.851 

62.818 

29,763 

1,268 

31,787 

42,091 

21,623 

601 

19,877 

86,688 

18.066 

428 

17.105 

81,064 

15.626 

350 

15.079 

47.706 

24.148 

524 

23.038 

26,192 

12,966 

242 

11.084 

11,996 

6,196 

98 

5.702 

6,211 

2,683 

43 

2,485 

846,970 

179,683 

10,589 

156,096 

71,758 

42.614 

3,225 

26,019 

61,274 

80.686 

2,021 

28,667 

46,412 

22,525 

1,043 

22.844 

88,523 

19,107 

947 

18.460 

81,964 

15,919 

777 

15.258 

47,296 

28,768 

1,219 

22.309 

27.646 

14,471 

685 

12.490 

14,694 

7.8i» 

451 

6.917 

7,413 

8,467 

221 

3,725 

Total 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Total  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to64 years 

65  years  and  over . 

Total  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Total  native  white — 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Native  white  males... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20to24yeacB 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Native  white  females 

10  to  14  yearn 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


362 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CKNSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XX, — Population  JO  years  of  age  and  over,  bp  age^  «a?,  race,  and  naiivitf^ 
and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CUBA-Continned. 


Total. 


Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 


Can  read  I  f,^  ,^ , 

but  can  not  ^J^ 

write.      and  write. 


Total  f oreigrn  white . . . . 

10  toU  years 

15  to  19  years 

SO  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30to34years 

a5to44year8 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

86  years  and  over . . 

Forel^rn  white  males. . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

ao  to  34  years . 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years... — 
65  years  and  over . . 

Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

Total  colored 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to34  years    

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 

Colored  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  tolOyears 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years i 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 

Colored  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  .. 


139,180 


40,745 


2.300 


96.136 


2,764 
8.307 
20,195 
23,080 
19.675 
31.512 
19,314 
9.820 
4,563 


1.034 
2,074 
5.520 
6,292 
5,496 
8,799 
5,966 
8.685 
1.947 


108 
13B 
277 
383 
310 
S27 
327 
174 


6,007 
14.398 
16.375 
13,867 

22.186 
13,081 
6,021 
2,538 


114,264 


29,060 


1.2S4 


83,910 


1.618 
6.708 
17.286 
19.647 
16,646 
26,449 
15.515 
7.827 
3,029 


595 
1.621 
4,870 
4,996 
4,122 
6.446 
3.880 
2.120 
1.011 


24,926 


1.116 
1.599 
2.910 


8,029 
5,063 
3.799 
2.403 
1.534 


402.835 


70,357 
65,636 
44,261 
40.254 
36.129 
58.543 
45,376 
81.672 
20,507 


193,436 


36.581 
24,820 
19.632 
17,971 
16,323 
27.151 
23,389 
17,  n6 
10. 708 


209,899 


34,776 
30,816 
24.629 
22.298 
19,806 
31.892 
21.987 
13,896 
9.804 


11,665 


439 
563 
1.150 
1.296 
1,876 
2.354 
2.076 
1.506 


290.236 


48,381 
88.888 
26.286 
26.788 
26.506 
44.843 
88,300 
28,282 
19,061 


142.729 


26.706 
16,604 
12,148 
11.547 
11,103 
20.124 
19,466 
15,881 
10,060 


147,506 


22.626 
17.144 
14,138 
14.241 
14,408 
24,719 
18.884 
12.401 
9.001 


60 
77 
179 
224 
178 
290 
164 
84 
88 


1,016 


96 
139 
132 
237 
163 
90 
45 


13,868 


3,845 
2,T» 
1,800 
1.460 
1,176 
1,667 
1,021 
666 


4.606 


1.371 
9<8 
491 


478 
280 
149 

n 


9,2iS 


1.974 

1.778 

1,099 

1,014 

809 

1,189 

741 

416 


1,008 
5.110 
12,736 
14.427 
12,346 
19.  n4 
11.471 
5,123 
1.980 


12,225 


624 

967 

1,66S 

1,948 

2,472 

1.560 
896 
653 


18,681 
19,078 
16.385 
13,016 
9,448 
12.033 
6,065 
2.8S5 
1.211 


46,  im 


8,604 
7.178 
6.998 
5.978 
4,854 
6.549 
8.643 
1.746 
656 


62.631 


10.177 
11.900 
9.882 
7.098 
4,604 
5.484 
2.412 
1.079 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITERACY. 


363 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  nex,  race,  and  nativity, 
and  by  literacy — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OP  HABANA. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
.  wHte. 

Can  read 

but  can  not 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

346,076 

133,567 

11,680 

199.879 

50,737 

23,150 

2.824 

24.763 

48,521 

17,597 

1.908 

29.016 

40.251 

16,126 

1.328 

31.797 

45.029 

14,958 

1.257 

28,814 

36.483 

12,774 

1.055 

22,634 

53.519 

19,582 

1.599 

82,338 

32.883 

14.529 

908 

17,451 

18,829 

9.497 

507 

8,826 

9.844 

5,354 

249 

4,241 

182,212 

64,594 

4,219 

113,390 

S'S? 

12,382 

1,200 

12,067 

23,771 

8,800 

750 

14,221 

26.294 

7,818 

510 

17.966 

24,961 

7,376 

434 

17,171 

20,857 

6.009 

856 

13,993 

29,682 

9.025 

513 

20,144 

17,478 

6.549 

200 

10.660 

9,564 

4.383 

133 

5,048 

4,427 

2.252 

55 

2,120 

162.864 

68.973 

7,411 

86,480 

25,079 

10.768 

1,015 

12,606 

24,750 

8,797 

1,158 

14.796 

g.967 

8.308 

818 

13,831 

20.048 

7.682 

823 

11,643 

16.106 

6,765 

700 

8,641 

23,837 

10,557 

1,086 

12,194 

15.405 

7,980 

643 

6,782 

9,265 

5,114 

374 

8,7n 

5,417 

3.102 

194 

2.121 

186,323 

65,895 

5,060 

115.378 

36.730 

15,697 

1,630 

18.408 

31,394 

11,481 

940 

18.073 

27,515 

9,497 

540 

17.478 

^'25 

7,701 

476 

14.898 

17.827 

5,571 

878 

11.878 

25,289 

7.679 

549 

17.061 

14.211 

4,656 

271 

9,284 

7.595 

2.517 

186 

4.802 

3,687 

1.096 

80 

2.611 

88.002 

32,422 

1.847 

63.733 

18.074 

8,490 

719 

8.866 

14.408 

5.678 

377 

8.348 

12.698 

4,509 

209 

7.980 

10.963 

3,764 

153 

7.056 

8.650 

2,746 

115 

5,780 

12.286 

3.766 

170 

8.361 

6.403 

1.963 

66 

4.354 

?'iJS 

1.057 

29 

2,060 

1.379 

440 

9 

030 

98.321 

33.473 

3.208 

61.645 

17.656 

7,207 

911 

0,538 

16.091 

6,803 

563 

10.626 

14.817 

4,988 

831 

9.486 

12, 112 

3.947 

823 

7.842 

9,177 

2.826 

263 

6,080 

13.008 

3,914 

879 

8.710 

7,808 

2.673 

206 

4.980 

4.449 

1,460 

167 

2.838 

2,308 

056 

71 

1.581 

Total 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25to20year8 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . 

Total  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 

Total  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

:» to  34  years 

'36to44years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Total  native  white 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Native  white  males... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Native  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

.65  years  and  over . 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


364 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity^ 
and  by  Itteiricy^CaDtiaued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA-Conttmied. 


TotaL 


Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 


Can  read     r«««  •-^.i 
butcannot'^^*^~^ 
write. 


and  write. 


I 


Total  foreign  white ... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

aotoj;4  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45to&l  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . 

Foreign  white  males. . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years , 

25  to  29  years , 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45to5i  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 

Total  colored 

10  to  14  years , 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 

Colored  males 

10  to  14  years , 

16  to  19  years , 

20to24  years 

25  to  20  years , 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Colored  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years , 

20  to  24  years 

25to2U  years 

30to34  years , 

35  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years , 

66  to  64  years , 

65  years  and  over .. 


67,174 


1,448 
4,785 
10,397 
11.224 
0,660 
14,517 
8,541 
4,576 
2.131 


63,290 


4,019 
8,802 
9.300 
7,794 
11,562 
6,417 
8,197 
1.389 


18,884 


668 
766 
1,506 
1,9EB4 
1,766 
2,966 
2.124 
1,379 


01,679 


13,664 
12.342 
11,339 
10.780 
9,076 
18.713 
10,181 
6.668 
4,006 


40,020 


6,704 
6,849 
4,794 
4.718 
8,918 
6,844 
4,668 
8,221 
1,719 


60,650 


6,860 


6,646 
6,012 
6,163 
7,860 
5.473 
3,437 
2,307 


18.227 


674 
1,604 
1.853 
1.763 
2,856 
2,006 
1,848 

708 


7,800 


181 
601 
1,100 
1,278 
1,075 
1,681 
1,106 


5,868 


146 
173 
405 

680 
688 
1,174 
988 
700 
406 


54,446 


7,137 
6,442 
6,025 
6,404 
6,440 
9,048 
7,777 

6,6aee 

8.660 


24.808 


8,711 
2,621 
2,200 
2,848 
2,188 
8,679 
8,458 
2,687 
1,610 


30,142 


8,416 
2,821 
2,825 
8,065 
8.262 
6.460 
4.819 
2,946 
2,040 


60 
68 
163 
201 
168 
800 
186 
96 
47 


687 


44 

98 
104 

81 
143 

76 

41 


661 


82 
24 
66 
97 
87 
167 
100 
66 
26 


6.292 


1.134 
900 
725 
580 
600 
750 
447 
125 
122 


1,736 


462 


m 

150 
200 
118 
63 
24 


3.557 


672 
671 
422 
408 
850 
660 
320 
162 
88 


52, 6» 


1,057 
4.013 
8,690 
0,170 
7,020 
11,3S3 
6,200 

aias 

1,376 


44,784 


on 

3,474 
7,505 
7,9^3 
6.638 
9,728 
6.233 
2,517 
1.006 


7,875 


386 

509 
1,085 
1,247 

991 
1.634 
1,0B7 

615 

an 


31,8<2 


5,308 
6,000 
5,680 
4.746 
8,127 
8,915 
1.907 
801 
854 


14,1 


2,531 
2,989 
2,381 
2,192 
1.666 
2,066 
1,0S8 
471 
185 


16,900 


2,778 

8,601 

8,288 

2,554 

1,561 

1,850 

886 

880 

160 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITERACY. 


365 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity^ 
and  by  literacy— Continned. 


PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAS. 


Total 


Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 


Can  read 

but  can  not 

write. 


Can  read 
and  write. 


Total 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  ^  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Total  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer . 

Total  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55to64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Total  native  white  ... 

10  to  14  years 

IStolOyears 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Native  white  males  . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer. 

Native  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20to24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer . 


150,297 


96,067 


4,567 


27.294 
22,143 
19,498 
17.788 
14,418 
22,963 
16.969 
11.404 
6,820 


15,944 
11,90H 
10.242 

9.n8 

8,241 
13. 7n 
11.740 
8.814 
5,623 


1.316 
1.015 
5ai 
480 
334 
42.5 
247 
141 
74 


82,047 


40.682 


13,901 
10, 183 
9,466 
8,8.^2 
7,453 
12.287 
9.466 
6.759 
3,680 


8,785 
5,929 
5,042 
4.779 
4.017. 
6.752 
6,203 
5.131 
3,044 


553 
368 
177 
164 

no 

130 
89 
45 
21 


77.280 


46.385 


13,303 
11.960 
10,032 
8,936 
6,965 
10.676 
7.508 
4.645 
3.140 


7,159 
5.979 
5,200 

4^224 
7.025 
6,537 
3,683 
2,579 


77,428 


16,865 
13,565 
10,918 
9,243 
7.034 
10.267 
5.660 
2.662 
1,214 


37.482 


8,598 
6,262 
5,144 
4,328 
3,472 
5,220 
2.730 
1,224 
504 


39,946 


8,267 
7,303 
5,774 
4.915 
3,562 
5,047 
2,930 
1,438 
710 


38,097 


9.479 
6.818 
6,263 
4,420 
3.214 
4.528 
2,577 
1,268 
530 


19,522 


6.205 
8.304 
2,660 
2,218 
1.678 
2,326 
1,208 
570 
250 


18,675 


4.274 
3.424 
2,504 
2,202 
1.536 
2,202 
1,374 
680 
280 


2.001 


763 
647 
358 
316 
224 
286 
158 
06 
53 


2,204 


612 
243 
206 
152 
207 
119 
58 
29 


843 


335 
199 
83 
62 
52 
63 
34 
9 


1,461 


433 
313 
160 
144 
100 
144 
85 
49 
23 


10,084 
0.220 
8.721 
7,530 
6,843 
8.761 
4,982 
2.449 
1,123 


30,600 


4.563 
3.886 
4.247 
8.900 
8.326 
5.396 
8.174 
1.583 
615 


27.064 


5.471 
6,334 
4,474 
8.621 
8.517 
8,365 
1.808 
866 
606 


87,087 


6,618 
6.235 
6.412 
4.617 
8.668 
6,532 
2,064 
1,336 
655 


17.117 


3.058 
2.609 
2.302 
2.(H8 
1.742 
2.831 
1.403 
636 
248 


10.020 


3.560 
8.566 
3.030 
2.569 
1.926 
2.701 
1.471 
700 
407 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


366 


BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XK,—PoptdatioH  JO  years  of  age  and  over^  by  age^  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 
and  by  Meraey — Continiied. 

PROVINCE  OP  MATANZA8— Continued. 


Total  f  oreiirn  white 

10  to  14  yean 

15  to  19  years 

ao  to  24  years 

25  to29 years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

!i6  years  and  over  . . 

Foreign  white  males. . . 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 

Total  colored 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

Colored  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over .. 

Colored  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over .. 


TotaL 


15.016 


285 
075 
1.836 
2,002 
1.900 
3.394 
2.462 
1.602 
810 


11.729 


152 
474 
l.SOB 
1.720 
1,576 
2.809 
1,870 
1,112 
508 


3,287 


113 
201 
328 
362 
824 
685 
502 
480 


66,868 


10,164 
7,908 
6.744 
6,468 
5.484 
9,802 
8,847 
7,160 
4,706 


82,886 


5,161 
8,447 
2.814 
2,804 
2,406 
4.258 
4,866 
4,428 
2,668 


84,017 


6,013 
4,466 
8,030 
8.660 

8,on» 

5,044 
3,961 
2,727 
2.128 


Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 


150 
263 
641 
706 
608 
1,066 
028 
786 
426 


3,608 


86 
164 
481 


767 
644 


210 


1,886 


64 
99 
160 
168 
160 
289 
879 
360 
216 


62,477 


6,815 
4,827 
4,888 

4,662 
4,484 
8,198 
8,240 
6,811 
4,667 


26,662 


8.404 
2.871 
1,882 
2,028 
1,006 
8,660 
4,466 
4,167 
2.684 


26.025 


2,821 
2.466 
2,446 
2,628 
2,628 
4.634 
8,784 
2.644 
2,088 


lS»nreijd|c^,^ 
*^^^^**^  and  write. 


147 


5 

7 

20 
28 
21 
80 
20 
16 

6  I 


145 


2 
11 
18 
10 
13 
35 
27 
21 
13 


1,081 


541 
485 
250 
242 
148 
158 
81 
46 
26 


670 


218 
162 
74 
80 
87 
46 
36 


1.806 


186 
162 
111 
107 
46 
26 
17 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


LITEBACY. 


367 


Table  XX, — PoptUcUion  10  years  of  age  and  oveVy  by  age,  sex,  rac*%  and  nativity ^ 
and  by  literacy — Ck>ntinaed. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total 

10  tol4  years 

15  to  19  yean 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

ao  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

05  years  and  over 

Total  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

2Sto29years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Total  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Total  native  white 

10  to  U  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  .... 

Native  white  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  .. .. 

Native  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

36  to  44  years tf. 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


TotaL 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

butitannot 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

180,807 

100,518 

1.490 

28.804 

25.453 

21.661 

404 

3,480 

20,727 

16.aB8 

343 

4,056 

19.805 

14,685 

208 

4.502 

16.978 

12,617 

164 

4,197 

12,311 

9.087 

90 

8.12H 

16,744 

11.987 

159 

4,508 

10,176 

7,449 

06 

2.661 

5,502 

4.245 

82 

1,235 

3.081 
69.775 

2.546 

18 

457 

51,545 

689 

17.601 

13.043 

11.128 

17T 

1.738 

10.174 

8,008 

137 

2.085 

9,961 

7,238 

86 

2,637 

9.132 

6.380 

67 

2.685 

6.871 

4.717 

89 

2,115 

9,569 

6.268 

82 

8,229 

S'SS 

3.022 

32 

1.948 

8,330 

2.442 

13 

884 

1.784 

1.^ 

6 

820 

60,582 

48,908 

851 

10.718 

12.410 

10.441 

227 

1,742 

10,553 

8.326 

206 

2.081 

9,434 

7.447 

122 

1.865 

7,846 

6,237 

97 

1.512 

5.440 

4,370 

57 

1.018 

7.175 

5.729 

77 

1,869 

4,274 

3.527 

84 

718 

2.163 

1.803 

19 

841 

1.237 

1.088 

12 

137 

84,345 

64,840 

986 

18,990 

18,868 

15.228 

813 

2,827 

14.772 

11.454 

222 

8,096 

13,258 

10,004 

180 

8,124 

11,200 

8,800 

111 

2,789 

7,780 

5,736 

59 

1.945 

10,071 

7,183 

82 

2.808 

5.422 

3,918 

87 

1.467 

2.494 

1,794 

21 

679 

1,026 

758 

11 

257 

42,796 

32,184 

418 

10,199 

9.428 

7.877 

185 

1.416 

7,195 

5.608 

94 

1.499 

6.547 

4.878 

57 

1,612 

5,714 

4.100 

45 

1,663 

4.  OHO 

2.923 

24 

1.113 

5.286 

3.633 

83 

1,620 

2,783 

1,906 

15 

868 

1276 

894 

7 

876 

607 

365 

8 

189 

41.549 

32.185 

573 

8.791 

«»^ 

7,346 

178 

1.411 

7.577 

5.852 

128 

1.697 

6.711 

5.126 

73 

1,512 

5.486 

4.194 

06 

1.226 

8.679 

2.812 

85 

888 

4.785 

8.550 

49 

1,186 

2.639 

2,012 

22 

605 

1,218 

900 

14 

804 

519 

803 

8 

118 

: : 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


368 


BEPOBT  ON  THE   0KK8U8   OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XX*— Population  10  years  of  age  and  over^  by  age,  «eas,  race,  and  nativUy, 
and  by  literacy— ContmoBd. 

PBOVmCB  OF  PINAB  DEL  RlO-Oontinned. 


Total. 


Ckn 
neither 
read  nor 

write. 


Can  read 

but  can  not 

write. 


Can  read 
and  write. 


Total  forelflrn  white — 

10  to  U  years 

15  to  19  years 

eo  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

Foreigrn  white  males. . 

lOtoUyears 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

aoto84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over ., 

Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  oyer . . 

Total  colored 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer . . 

Colored  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer.. 

Colored  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over .. 


10.< 


115 
660 
1,402 
1,683 
1.471 
2,432 

i,n6 

906 
400 


9,400 


80 

487 

1,263 

1,471 

1,819 

2,184 

1,494 

782 

820 


180 
162 
152 
248 

126 
89 


86,886 


6.975 
6,406 
4,785 
4,145 
8,101 
4.241 
8.038 
2,100 
1,586 


17.679 


8,535 
2,482 
2,151 
1,947 
1,482 
2.009 
1,625 
1,281 
957 


17,747 


8.440 
2,918 
2.584 
2,198 
1,009 
2,142 
1,418 
819 


4,410 


619 
676 
575 
907 
685 
422 


8,694 


41 
201 
521 
588 
492 
751 
583 
821 
151 


816 


83 
98 
93 
83 
156 
152 
101 
77 


81«784 


6,282 
4,640 
4,002 
8,641 
2,777 
8.897 
2,846 
2,029 
1,500 


15,767 


8,210 
2,199 
1,839 
1,091 
1,802 
1,874 
1,488 
1,227 
942 


15,967 


8.072 
2,441 
2,228 
1,960 
1,475 
2,0tt 
1,868 
802 
618 


106 


76  ! 


4 

6 
18 
8 
8 
24 
8 
3 
2 


30 


87 
Ul 
63 
42 
28 
44 
18 
7 
8 


150 


248 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


UTEBAOY. 


869 


Table  XX.—PoptUation  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity i 
and  by  Tueraoy— Continued. 

PBOVmCB  OP  PtJEBTO  PBINCIPB. 


Total 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

ao  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

ao  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Total  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

ao  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Total  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  yearn 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Total  native  white 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20to24y««r8 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to44  years 

45to54year8 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Native  white  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20to24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to84 years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Native  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35to44year». 

45to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

24662 24 


Total 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

bat  can  not 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

63,786 

82.440 

2,S» 

28,818 

18,820 

8,671 

wr 

8,062 

9,660 

4.7U 

421 

4,618 

6,248 

2.478 

166 

8,606 

6,100 

2.068 

188 

2.879 

5,944 

2.640 

101 

8.113 

9,948 

4.764 

880 

4,840 

6,791 

8,428 

210 

8.168 

4,200 

2,188 

156 

1.866 

2,600 

1,697 

96 

897 

32,368 

17,409 

007 

14.060 

6,863 

4,780 

840 

1.784 

4,481 

2,684 

162 

.785 

8,121 

1,808 

00 

.758 

2,582 

1,080 

55 

,447 

2.963 

1,365 

68 

,660 

0,208 

2,547 

100 

9.668 
1 715 

8,538 

1,765 

88 

2,288 

1,213 

88 

987 

1,879 

882 

28 

474 

81,418 

15.061 

1,681 

14.766 

6.457 

8,481 

448 

2,168 

6.169 

2,177 

250 

2,788 

8.127 

1,176 

105 

1.847 

2,618 

088 

98 

1,432 

2,981 

1,285 

133 

1.563 

4,785 

2,217 

230 

2.288 

8.268 

1668 

157 

1,443 

1,962 

976 

118 

869 

1,211 

716 

78 

428 

46.221 

23,884 

1,700 

21.118 

10,889 

6,907 

630 

8,262 

7.584 

8,714 

317 

8,553 

4,470 

1.866 

105 

2,509 

8.826 

1.440 

75 

1,810 

4,861 

1.949 

182 

2,280 

7,166 

8,482 

206 

8,527 

4.471 

2,168 

128 

2.180 

2,606 

1,209 

80 

1,317 

1.860 

629 

51 

680 

22,268 

12,266 

636 

9,366 

6,612 

8,876 

284 

1,453 

8.626 

1,908 

127 

1.401 

2.120 

974 

88 

1.108 

1,490 

712 

26 

761 

2,063 

969 

82 

1,082 

3,663 

1,802 

67 

1.694 

2,066 

1,042 

84 

980 

1,216 

608 

20 

603 

614 

281 

8 

825 

23,953 

11,128 

1.078 

11,752 

5,277 

8,122 

846 

1,80» 

4.058 

1,716 

190 

2. 15:5 

2,860 

882 

67 

1,401 

1.828 

728 

49 

1,049 

2,298 

960 

90 

1.248 

8.602 

1.630 

189 

1,83J 

2,406 

1.126 

89 

1,191 

1,390 

616 

ao 

714 

746 

348 

43 

353 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


370 


REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XX.—Popidation  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age^  •car,  raee^  and  nativity, 
and  by  literacy — Continaed. 

PROVINCK  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-Oaiitlnaed. 


TotaL 


Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 


Can  read 

bat  can  not 

write 


Can  read 
and  write. 


Total  f orel«rn  white — 

10  to  U  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

ao  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

05  years  and  orer  .. 

Foreigrn  white  males  .. 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer  . 

Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer  .. 

Total  colored 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer.. 

Colored  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

05  years  and  oyer  . 

Colored  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

06  years  and  oyer  . . 


8,905 


108 
158 
462 
675 
460 
874 
080 
870 
IflO 


8,459 


65 

106 
408 
686 
424 
795 
604 
282 
142 


506 


13,600 


2,828 
1,913 
1.816 
1,100 
1,184 
1,904 
1,640 
1,224 

i.oa 


6,641 


1,196 
847 
606 
447 
486 
850 
864 
730 


6,960 


1,182 
1,066 
718 
668 
048 
1,064 
776 
494 
418 


1.281 


86 
28 
90 
196 
148 
306 
221 
151 
106 


1.067 


19 
20 
81 
188 

tao 

272 
170 
100 
67 


224 


7,765 


969 


548 
1,027 
1,084 


4,066 


516 
248 
185 
227 
478 
547 
520 
584 


8.679 


702 
458 
284 
247 
810 
554 
487 
306 


I 

4 
18 
11 
19 
13 

6 

1 


57 


I 

1 

16  1 
10  ^ 
14  ! 

8  , 

4  ! 
1 


19 


743 


104 
101 
50 
02 
58 
U4 
74 
70 
44 


214 


520 


101 
07 
86 
48 
42 
86 
68 
56 
80 


2.608 


•4 

ise 

368 

463 
300 

550 

446 

213 

8S 


8,345 


94 

87 
321 
437 
27S 
500 
490 
188 

74 


30 
33 
47 

26 
25 
41 
» 
25 
8 


5,096 


843 
728 
606 


768 
532 


135 


2,341 


207 
297 
3S9 
249 
243 
849 
306 
196 
75 


2,751 


546 
309 


290 
414 


130 
80 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITERACY. 


371 


Tabijc  XK.'-Poptdation  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 
and  by  literacy — Gontiiiaed. 

PBOVINOB  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


Total 

Cu 

neitlier 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

but  can  not 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

2X9,827 

171,805 

8,006 

100.014 

61.841 

83,170 

2.388 

15,788 

40,716 

28,522 

1,604 

15.500 

84,200 

18,922 

862 

14.426 

81.688 

17,762 

709 

12,075 

27,880 

10,168 

664 

10,622 

48,162 

25.025 

880 

16,347 

27,271 

18,162 

504 

8.605 

16,618 

11,360 

278 

3,980 

8,146 

6,880 

134 

1.682 

160.137 

01,087 

2,780 

65. 4U 

26,888 

17.822 

082 

7.570 

19.231 

11,874 

668 

6,700 

]8,146 

10,110 

282 

7,744 

17,264 

0,873 

260 

7.631 

16,824 

8,624 

100 

6.601 

24,614 

13,028 

271 

10,420 

16,674 

0,060 

158 

5,532 

»,0B8 

6.648 

54 

2,336 

4.464 

8,665 

80 

860 

120.100 

79.868 

6,210 

44.608 

24.968 

16.848 

1.401 

8.200 

21.486 

U.648 

1.046 

8.701 

16.064 

8,808 

680 

6,681 

14.272 

8,880 

680 

6.344 

!!'215 

7.620 

865 

4,121 

18.688 

12.002 

600 

6.027 

11.607 

8,173 

351 

8.078 

S'5§9 

4,712 

224 

1,644 

8.681 

2.764 

104 

818 

160.068 

06,282 

4.608 

68,108 

86.484 

28.610 

1.684 

11,331 

27,421 

15,610 

004 

10,888 

20.207 

11,074 

464 

8.760 

17.710 

0.860 

374 

7.476 

15,221 

8,625 

288 

6.806 

28,814 

18.040 

470 

8.804 

12,885 

7.122 

287 

4.076 

5'^ 

8.174 

134 

2.616 

2,427 

1,240 

58 

1,120 

79.512 

47.011 



1.644 

80.067 

18,775 

12.57C 

660 

6.680 

12,686 

7,668 

317 

4.706 

0.855 

5,406 

152 

4,207 

8,700 

4.820 

102 

8.787 

7,861 

4,4n 

05 

8.296 

12,077 

6.700 

181 

5.237 

6.067 

8.863 

60 

2,534 

2,676 

1.882 

17 

1.177 

1.016 

681 

10 

476 

81.471 

46.271 

2.060 

82.241 

17,660 

10,043 

024 

5,702 

14,786 

7,066 

687 

6,102 

10,442 

6,578 

802 

4,562 

0,001 

6.040 

272 

8,688 

7,860 

4,154 

103 

8.013 

11,287 

6,881 

880 

4,567 

6,878 

3,760 

177 

2.442 

8,248 

1.702 

117 

1.380 

1,411 

718 

48 

646 

Total. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

ao  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  41  years 

46to54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  orer  . 


Tolal  males  . 


10  to  14  years 

16  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . 


Total  females . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  20  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer . 


Total  native  white. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


Native  white  males. 


10  to  14  years 

16  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


Native  white  females  . 


10  to  14  years 

16  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  20  years 

80  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


372 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XX,-^Popuiatum  20  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age^  eex,  race^  and  nativity^ 
and  bp  it<€fwiy">-0ontiinnd. 

PBOVINCB  OP  SANTA  GLABA-Ooirtlnaed. 


ToteL 


Can 

neither 

reed  nor 

write. 


Can  reed 

but  can  not 

write. 


Can  reed 
andwrita 


Total  foreign  white  . 


10  to  U  years 

15  to  19  years 

a)  to :»  years 

»to 29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  54  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


»,9H 


Foreign  white  males. 


10  to  14  years 

15  ro  19  years 

ao  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  04  years 

65  years  and  over . 


Foreign  white  females  . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


Total  colored. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80to34  years 

35  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66to64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


Colored  males. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


Colored  females . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80to34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


567 
1,565 

4.«a 

5,227 
4.826 
6,810 
8.940 
1.621 
696 


26,068 


1,228 
4,060 
4,572 
8.784 
6,949 
8,868 
1,818 
489 


862 
671 
665 
541 
861 
572 
806 
209 


68,960 


14,840 
11.710 
0,291 
8,609 
7,  TBS 
13,028 
10,996 
8,173 
6,020 


46,687 


7,278 
6,822 
4,240 
8,968 
8,679 
6,588 
6,849 
5,144 
2,969 


48,418 


7,067 
6.888 
5.051 
4.616 
4.114 
6.440 
4.647 
8.029 
2,061 


12.142 


1A.» 


2.1» 
2,162 
1.7TB 
2,666 
1,420 
691 
824 


2,487 
2,908 
149 

4,117 

2,417 

911 


u»m 


206 

540 

1,841 

1,800 

1,440 

2,016 

1,049 

480 

181 


2,580 


186 


188 
188 


829 
560 
871 
211 
148 


121 

en 

2,111 
2,n4 


1,IH 


81 
IflB 
264 
279 
196 
2» 
196 
84 
61 


66,881 


8^112 


9,807 
7.175 
6,700 
5.760 
5,760 
10.819 
9,620 
7.496 
4,766 


812 
218 
888 
214 
126 
65 


86,864 


667 


5.040 

^El 
2.782 

2.753 

2.704 

5.198 

5.677 

4.786 

2,868 


m 

289 
94 

109 
61 
89 
66 
26 
14 


80.517 


2,126 


4,267 
8.604 
2.927 
2.997 
8,046 
5,121 
4,048 
2.700 
1.906 


444 

219 
218 
168 
244 
168 
99 
51 


19.967 


4,266 
{898 
8,219 
2,606 
1.896 
2,878 
1.MB 
668 
190 


9.189 


1,919 
1.422 
1.894 
1,1» 
910 

i.am 


10.771 


2,8» 
2,440 
1,965 
1.878 

916 
1.095 

449 

m 

107 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITERACY. 


373 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  aejc,  race,  owd  nativity, 
and  by  2t/€raey— Continued. 

PBOVIKOB  OF  SANTIAQO. 


Totel. 


10  to  U  years 

16  to  19  years 

SO  to  24  years 

21  to  29  years 

86  to  Si  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to64  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . 


Total  males . 


10  to  14  years 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

89  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . 


Total  Cpmales . 


lOtoUi 

16  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . 


Total  native  white . 


lOtoUyeMTB 

16tolOyeam 

20to24yeMrB 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

46to64yeavB 

66  to  04  years 

66  years  and  over . 


Native  white  males.. 


10  to  14  yean 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  aod  over . 


Native  white  females . 


lOtoUi 
Utol9y« 
20  to  24  ye 
ato29ye 
39  to  84  ye 
li6to44yeaw. 

46to64yeaw 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  aod  over. 


Total. 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

bntcannot 

wHte. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

288,017 

156,678 

4,649 

76,705 

61,904 

38.328 

1,420 

12,101 

86,278 

22.195 

854 

13.229 

24.856 

13.601 

4ai 

10,454 

20,974 

12,069 

845 

8,670 

^^W 

13,063 

srj 

8.312 

88,736 

25.518 

5a'i 

12.082 

23,438 

10,390 

845 

0,710 

12,029 

9,825 

174 

8,130 

7,864 

5.709 

101 

1.554 

U7.976 

70.524 

1,086 

89,707 

26,551 

20,302 

022 

6,027 

JS'SH? 

10,889 

818 

6,349 

12,021 

0.021 

140 

6,254 

J9'S?^ 

6,610 

118 

4,667 

U,066 

6,128 

133 

4,794 

19,946 

12.207 

178 

7,660 

12,043 

7,884 

99 

4,000 

0,161 

i.880 

48 

1,733 

8,299 

2,558 

28 

723 

120,041 

80,149 

2,804 

87.a» 

26.868 

18,021 

798 

0.634 

19,772 

11,366 

636 

7,880 

12.837 

6,880 

267 

5.200 

10,679 

6,449 

m 

3.903 

11,282 

7,525 

289 

3,518 

18,790 

13,811 

867 

6,122 

11,895 

8,600 

246 

2,643 

0,468 

4.046 

126 

1397 

4,065 

8,160 

78 

831 

118,405 

74,548 

2,002 

41.886 

28,647 

20,447 

m 

7,429 

19,866 

11,208 

894 

7,(i99 

12,046 

6,454 

102 

5.429 

9,568 

6,441 

188 

8.984 

10.886 

6,460 

128 

4.258 

18,895 

12,049 

299 

0,617 

10,789 

6,996 

140 

8,003 

6,509 

3,660 

70 

1.879 

2,910 

.      1,888 

85 

987 

66.765 

86,497 

789 

19,  .'no 

14,683 

10,825 

886 

8.620 

8.746 

6,428 

154 

3.164 

5,727 

S»9?I 

62 

2,578 

4,375 

l^^ 

40 

1,890 

4,958 

2,818 

82 

2,1QH 

9,278 

6,908 

00 

8,306 

6.264 

8,409 

88 

1,752 

2,558 

1,691 

10 

861 

1,191 

816 

7 

308 

61.780 

88,051 

1,880 

22,849 

S'^K 

9,022 

48B 

8,909 

10,010 

6,885 

240 

4,535 

5'?1S 

^SS 

110 

2,851 

6,188 

2,996 

9B 

2.094 

6,878 

3.682 

90 

2.160 

9,622 

6,141 

109 

8,312 

5,485 

8,527 

lOT 

t851 

?'S5i 

1,809 

64 

1,028 

1,719 

1,072 

26 

019 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


874 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  18»9. 


Table  XX.—Poptdation  lo  years  of  age  and  over,  hy  age,  nex,  race,  and  Mitivity, 
and  by  literacy — Continaed. 


PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO-Continiwd. 


Total  foreifni  white. 


10  to  U  years 

15  to  19  yean 

ao  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


Foreign  white  males. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

35  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . 


Foreign  white  females  . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer  . 


Total  colored. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


Colored  males. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . 


Colored  females  . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25to29years 

30  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . 


Total. 


12,906 


zn 

559 
1,477 
2,189 
1,960 
8,485 
1,975 
758 
826 


11,2 


146 

397 

1.269 

1,948 

1,749 

8.160 

1,762 

626 

241 


1,707 


126 
162 
218 
241 
211 
826 
218 
127 
86 


106,827 


22.966 
16,868 
10,886 
9,227 
9.541 
16,865 
10,724 
6,867 
4,128 


49.928 


11,722 
7,868 
5,066 
4.072 
4.848 
7.512 
5.027 
2.977 
1,867 


66.604 


11.264 
9,000 
5,801 
5.166 
5,196 
8,848 
5,697 
8,890 
2,261 


Can 

neither 

read  nor 

wHte. 


Can  read 

hat  can  not 

write. 


4,193 


U4 
147 
427 
709 
641 
1,110 
611 
278 
155 


8,870 


62 
96 
887 
619 
684 
968 
470 
196 
100 


146 


62 
90 
90 
107 
162 
141 
88 
66 


77,9 


17.762 
10,785 
6,680 
5,909 
6.662 
12.869 
8,788 
5.487 
8.666 


86,657 


9.415 
5.816 
3.187 
2.646 
2.776 
5.841 
8.945 
2.494 
1,637 


41,276 


8,847 
6,469 
8,488 
8,868 
8,786 
7,018 
4,888 
2,906 
2.020 


109 


Can  read 
and  write. 


2,842 


641 
460 

224 

m 

219 
278 
187 
92 
65 


844 


281 
157 


1,496 


860 
208 
141 
128 
187 
188 
186 
69 
60 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITEBACY. 


875 


Table  XX — Population  la  years  of  age  and  ot^er^  by  age,  sex,  rcu^,  and  nativity, 
and  by  literacy— Continned, 


CITY  OP  CIENnJBQOS. 


Total. 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

wHte. 

Can  read 

bntcannot 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

23,fi00 

7,087 

834 

16.468 

8.888 

882 

262 

2,658 

8,286 

742 

100 

2888 

8,066 

657 

113 

2,286 

2.684 

665 

101 

1,828 

2,878 

717 

81 

1,575 

8.847 

1,826 

113 

2,408 

2,860 

1.022 

58 

11278 

1,285 

620 

85 

680 

708 

876 

20 

81:0 

11.881 

2,868 

842 

8.000 

1,888 

518 

118 

1.262 

1.415 

m 

60 

1.018 

1,502 

2SSi 

84 

1.186 

1,842 

271 

84 

1,087 

1,214 

270 

28 

815 

1.863 

605 

86 

1,422 

1,178 

400 

10 

768 

608 

262 

8 

842 

286 

188 

8 

166 

12,108 

4,188 

502 

7,878 

2.008 

468 

184 

1,406 

1,880 

414 

81 

1.876 

1,654 

375 

78 

1,100 

1.842 

884 

67 

881 

1.168 

447 

62 

660 

1.884 

821 

77 

866 

1,187 

622 

48 

616 

682 

868 

26 

S88 

412 

288 

17 

157 

11,578 

2,480 

878 

8,718 

2,880 

518 

135 

1,786 

1,820 

858 

74 

1.483 

1,688 

288 

41 

1,268 

1,227 

217 

83 

977 

1,044 

285 

28 

781 

1,712 

406 

34 

1.272 

828 

261 

18 

648 

502 

182 

8 

861 

262 

68 

7 

187 

5,084 

887 

128 

8,868 

1,158 

260 

64 

885 

782 

141 

28 

623 

702 

112 

12 

578 

548 

85 

7 

457 

472 

78 

8 

885 

717 

180 

7 

580 

871 

78 

1 

282 

177 

84 

1 

142 

86 

18 

1 

76 

6,544 

1,543 

260 

4.751 

1,231 

258 

71 

801 

1,128 

212 

46 

870 

881 

177 

28 

665 

678 

182 

26 

620 

572 

156 

20 

886 

885 

276 

27 

682 

567 

188 

17 

867 

825 

86 

8 

218 

167 

SO 

6 

111 

Total 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  18  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  28  years 

80to84  years 

35to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Total  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  18  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80to34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45to54  years 

56  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Total  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  18  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  28  years 

80to84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45to54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer  . 

Total  natiye  white  .. 

lOtoU  years 

15  to  18  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  28  years 

a0to84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45to54  years 

56  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . 

Natiye  white  males . . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  18  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  28  years 

aoto84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . 

Native  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  18  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  28  years 

80to84  years 

85to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over . 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


876 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  otier.  by  age,  ttex,  race,  attd  nativity, 
and  by  literacy—  Continued. 

CITY  OP  CIENFU£G08--Continaed. 


Total. 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

wrtte. 

Can  read 

bat  can  not 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

8,4a 

690 

61 

2,775 

70 

12 

4 

54 

169 

15 

2 

152 

459 

56 

6 

807 

615 

64 

18 

438 

600 

102 

11 

3H9 

860 

166 

13 

671 

540 

106 

7 

427 

fSl7 

46 

5 

166 

104 

23 

81 

2,886 

892 

39 

2.434 

41 

10 

1 

30 

139 

10 

1 

h» 

890 

87 

4 

849 

446 

48 

8 

894 

429 

69 

8 

8S2 

716 

111 

10 

595 

456 

75 

8 

m 

176 

27 

4 

145 

74 

10 

64 

681 

196 

22 

841 

29 

2 

24 

80 

5 

24 

69 

19 

48 

70 

21 

44 

78 

88 

37 

184 

65 

76 

86 

81 

60 

41 

19 

21 

80 

18 

17 

8.498 

4,027 

494 

3,975 

1,432 

461 

113 

886 

1,206 

374 

84 

748 

1,004 

812 

66 

626 

942 

374 

66 

613 

827 

380 

42 

406 

1,286 

764 

66 

466 

802 

665 

84 

208 

666 

442 

21 

108 

842 

285 

18 

44 

8,-482 

1.680 

174 

1,668 

688 

248 

68 

887 

484 

177 

40 

267 

410 

138 

18 

268 

848 

148 

19 

186 

818 

122 

18 

178 

680 

264 

19 

247 

847 

247 

6 

94 

260 

191 

it 

65 

127 

110 

2 

16 

5,004 

2,897 

820 

2.287 

749 

206 

60 

481 

722 

197 

44 

481 

694 

179 

48 

867 

694 

281 

86 

S 

614 

258 

m 

2^ 

766 

490 

m 

218 

645 

408 

m 

109 

816 

251 

17 

S 

215 

175 

11 

29 

Total  foreign  white ... . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

46to54yeftr8 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 

Foreign  white  males  . 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  10  years 

20to24year8 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 

Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  30  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

15  to  54  years 

55  to  04  years , 

65  years  and  over  . 

Total  colored 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . 

Colored  males 

lOto  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 

Colored  females 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80to84ye|ir8 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . . 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITKBACY. 


377 


Tablb  XX.^ Population  JO  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 
and  by  Itteracy—ConiSnnea, 


CITY  OF  HABANA. 


TotaL 


Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 


Can  read 

but  can  not 

write, 


Can  read 
and  write. 


Total  . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

a)  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

aotoa4yearfl 

as  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


Total  malee. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  20  years 

80  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


Total  females . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

a)  to  24  years 

^  to  20  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


Total  native  white  . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30to34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


Native  white  malee  . 


10  to  14  years 

16  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  20  years 

80  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


Native  white  females  . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

90  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


106,870 


48,122 


23,006 
23.310 
27.600 
26.367 
21.082 
82.364 
10.414 
11,066 
5.788 


108,688 


01,888 


12.286 
12,860 
12,485 
11.838 
0,564 
14,502 
0,100 
6,6«2 
8,468 


86.700 


15.886 
14.170 
12.404 
10,684 
8,678 
12.488 
6,088 
3,010 
2,007 


88,680 


7,402 
6.268 
5,581 
4.000 
4,046 
5,645 
2,868 
1,407 
668 


48.160 


6,428 

4.561 

4.808 

5,200  I 

6,217  ' 

8,408 

6,580 

4,885 

2.511 


20,264 


3,218 
2,088 
2,066 
2,367 
2,080 
3,242 
2,577 
1,704 


27.858 


8,206 
2.478 
2,742 
8,002 
8,128 
5,106 
8,053 
2,601 
1,688 


12,680 


8,168 

1,880 

1,548 

1,842 

1,080 

1,604 

085 

602 

317 


1,757 
1,100 
860 
883 
788 
1,130 
683 
374 
105 


2,742 


744 
457 
880 

800 
250 
338 
189 
85 
30 


1,600 
858 
618 
578 
437 
572 
202  I 
180 
00  I 


7,801 


7,064 
7,002 
6,068 
6,784 
4,638 
6,098  I 
4,070  I 
2,512  i 
1.484  I 


1,564 
1,041 
030 
769 
662  ! 
1,082  I 
003  I 
408  I 
227 


6,080 


1,018 
742 
528 


601 
404 
270 
156 


2,670 


854 
476 
268 
260 
202 
803 
166 
118 


868 
100 
110 

76 

64 

70 

81  I 

11 
8 


1,752 


491 
286 
158 
184 
138 
224 
126 
102 
40 


137.026 


15.816 
10.550 
21.032 
20.2(» 
16,082 

22,8(r: 

12,201 
6,297 
3,077 


70,626 


7,738 
0,005 
12,768 
12,358 
10,070 
14,272 
7.458 
8,485 
1,453 


58.400 


8,078 
0,654 
0,164 
7,847 
6,053 
8,635 
4,743 
2,8(J2 
1,624 


n,581 


11.310 
11.706 
10.683 
0,082 
7,387 
10,576 
6,707 
3,214 
1,728 


88,466 


6,430 
6,220 
4,803 
4,251 
8,645 
4,804 
2.545 
l,a)7 
570 


80,116 


6,888 

6,575 

6,880 

i,831, 

8,842 

6,682 

1,232 

8,007 

1,168 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


378 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   189ft. 


Table  XX.— Popt*toh*on  10  years  of  age  and  over^  by  age,  sejr,  racey  and  nativity , 
and  by  Ittemcy — Ck>ntinned. 


CITY  OF  HABANA-Continned. 


Total  foreign  white 

10  to  14  yean 

15  to  19  years. 

20  to  24  years 

26  to20  years 

30  to  84  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over .. 

Foreign  white  males. . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 

Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

Total  colored 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

35to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

Colored  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80to84  years 

85to44  years 

46  to54  years 

65to64  years 

65  years  and  over  .. 

Colored  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

aoto84  years 

a5to44  years 

45to54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over .. 


Total. 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

wrtte. 

Can  read 

bat  can  not 

wHte. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

51,623 

7,817 

1,078 

42,733 

l,06i 

154 

46 

854 

8,689 

267 

66 

8,377 

8,051 

884 

138 

7,079 

8,770 

1,006 

170 

7,502 

7,463 

1,125 

142 

6,196 

11,264 

1,819 

254 

9,191 

6.454 

1.813 

151 

4.990 

8,323 

781 

77 

2.465 

1,555 

436 

40 

1,079 

40,577 

4,008 

517 

86.057 

666 

81 

22 

653 

8,118 

171 

85 

2,912 

6,791 

606 

81 

6.202 

7,192 

662 

90 

6.440 

6,972 

580 

62 

6.330 

8,854 

930 

120 

7.804 

4,788 

604 

57 

4.127 

2,285 

316 

31 

1,988 

921 

151 

19 

751 

11.046 

8,814 

566 

6.676 

896 

78 

24 

301 

sn 

86 

20 

465 

1.260 

326 

67 

m 

1,578 

486 

80 

1,082 

i;401 

545 

80 

866 

2,410 

889 

184 

1.387 

i;666 

709 

94 

863 

1,088 

465 

46 

527 

634 

285 

21 

328 

66.448 

27,766 

4,070 

23.612 

7,606 

8,106 

857 

8.643 

7,460 

2,406 

668 

f?£ 

7,054 

2,428 

458 

4,170 

6,908 

2,820 

453 

8.621 

5,841 

8,008 

889 

2.449 

8,607 

4,085 

682 

8.040 

6.022 

4.282 

876 

1.414 

8,824 

8,022 

184 

618 

2,181 

1,758 

103 

270 

28,825 

11,028 

1,296 

11,004 

8.642 

1,628 

S8 

1,755 

8,064 

1,069 

282 

1,778 

2.842 

940 

180 

1,763 

2,988 

1,182 

134 

1.667 

2,400 

i,or2 

124 

1.204 

8,463 

1,740 

139 

1.574 

2,668 

1,681 

101 

786 

1,692 

1,280 

63 

360 

781 

562 

17 

132 

82,128 

16,748 

2,772 

12,606 

8.964 

1,678 

498 

1,888 

4,306 

1,846 

436 

2.614 

4,212 

1,486 

819 

?'i!K 

8,970 

1,697 

819 

1,964 

8,441 

1,931 

266 

1.245 

6,154 

8,245 

443 

1,466 

8,454 

2.551 

275 

628 

2  132 

1.788 

181 

208 

1.400 

1,176 

86 

138 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITEBACy. 


379 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over, 

and  by  fiteracy— Contlnned. 

CITY  OF  MATAKZA8. 


oflTC.  «ea:,  racsy  and  nativity^ 


Total 

10  to  U  years 

15  to  19  years , 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  oyer 

Total  males 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Total  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years. ...... 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer 

Total  native  white. . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years , 

20  to  24  years 

36  to  20  years 

80  to  84  years , 

85  to  44  yearn 

45  to  54  years- 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Native  white  males.. 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

80  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Native  white  females 

10  to  14  years , 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

80to84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over , 


Total. 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

bntcannot 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

29,046 

0,699 

1,289 

18,068 

4.876 

1,878 

816 

3,187 

4.187 

1,186 

268 

2,798 

8,761 

999 

156 

2.506 

8.374 

966 

143 

2.265 

2,679 

on 

102 

l.TUO 

4,884 

1,604 

140 

2,050 

2,908 

1.291 

99 

1,518 

1.769 

822 

63 

884 

1,128 

641 

27 

460 

18.284 

4,004 

458 

8.822 

2,843 

784 

146 

1.463 

1,787 

492 

102 

1.198 

1,671 

306 

66 

1,230 

1,470 

370 

44 

1,066 

1,243 

849 

25 

869 

2,108 

596 

41 

1,464 

1,882 

470 

24 

838 

867 

847 

14 

606 

468 

249 

6 

213 

16,762 

6.605 

881 

0,286 

2.583 

689 

170 

1.724 

2,400 

644 

161 

1.605 

2.080 

604 

100 

1,376 

1,904 

696 

99 

1,209 

1.486 

528 

77 

831 

2,281 

996 

99 

1.186 

1,676 

821 

76 

680 

892 

475 

89 

378 

660 

892 

21 

247 

16.108 

8,980 

609 

11.669 

3.279 

817 

181 

2,281 

2,788 

666 

118 

1,964 

2,242 

629 

76 

1,637 

1,869 

457 

67 

1,355 

1.899 

860 

86 

1,013 

2.240 

668 

60 

1,612 

1,806 

888 

49 

919 

667 

181 

23 

613 

868 

74 

9 

285 

6,781 

1,664 

219 

•      4,898 

1.667 

440 

87 

I.OIU 

1.124 

272 

61 

801 

920 

211 

27 

682 

723 

182 

18 

528 

605 

161 

11 

433 

960 

223 

19 

718 

618 

113 

8 

897 

260 

47 

8 

210 

114 

25 

89 

0,827 

2.228 

880 

6,671 

1.712 

877 

94 

1,241 

1,614 

894 

67 

1.153 

1,822 

818 

49 

955 

1,146 

276 

44 

827 

804 

199 

25 

580 

1,280 

846 

41 

804 

788 

225 

41 

522 

407 

84 

20 

808 

254 

48 

9 

196 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


380 


REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUfl   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XX,— Population  m  yean  of  age  and  over,  by  age^  nex^  race,  and  luUivity, 
and  by  literacy^Contiaued. 

CITY  OP  MATANZAS-Oonkinoed. 


Total  foreign  white — 

lOtoUyears 

15tol9yewr8 

20  to  24  year* 

25  to  fl»  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  .. 

Foreign  white  males  . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  .. 

Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 

Total  colored 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  >ears  and  over  . . 

Colored  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

20  to  34  years 

35to44  years 

46  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 

Colored  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  oyer  . . 


Total. 


3,660 


47 

156 


411 
709 
567 
435 
246 


2.6U 


24 
116 
860 
376 
880 
618 
419 
284 
138 


908 


28 
40 
88 
94 
91 
161 
168 
161 
107 


9.886 


1.660 

1,298 

1.076 

1,006 

809 

1,376 

1,016 

667 

516 


8,888 


752 
647 
401 
872 


216 


Ckaread 


read  nor  i     IthSt 
write.     I     "^^ 


683  I 


77 


10 
16 
88 
50 
45 
114 
146 
148 
107 


304 


Can  read 
and  write. 


S,7BS 


879 


5,086 


646 
466 
431 
460 

^ 

807 
643 
460 


2,086 


214 
164 
148 
172 
310 
294 
250 
186 


6.627 


798 
746 
675 
664 
6ftl 
860 
680 
834 
299 


3,060 


867 
802 
310 
608 
618 
2B3 

2r4 


3; 

139 
3B0 
406 
360 
634 
424 
272 
131 


«QB 


19 
110 
3» 
333 
291 
554 
348 
230 

97 


48S 


IS 
29 
63 
73 
68 
80 
75 
42 
84 


8,«Bf7 


106 
133 

76 

88  I 

68 

a» 

15 

u 


808 


860 
706 
570 
504 
327 
404 
175 
90 
44 


1.616 


60 
61 
85  , 

89  ! 

U 

J4 

9 


404 
282 
212 
195 
146 
192 


27 


2.088 


466 

483 

868 

9» 

182 

818 

83 

38 

17 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITERACY. 


381 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity^ 
and  by  foterocy— Continued. 


CITY  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total. 

Can 

neither 

readDor 

wrtte. 

Can  read 

bat  can  Dot 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

19,230 

5.026 

1,114 

13.090 

8,219 

1.040 

302 

1,877 

^'£g 

528 

141 

1.^ 

2,006 

300 

69 

1.636 

1,626 

304 

67 

1.255 

1,839 

395 

84 

1,380 

8,079 

T92 

172 

2,115 

2.263 

707 

117 

1,430 

1,5311 

486 

103 

941 

1,021 

474 

50 

488 

7,979 

2.081 

344 

5,554 

1,515 

544 

138 

833 

1,088 

245 

52 

741 

847 

128 

25 

696 

867 

124 

17 

526 

740 

136 

22 

582 

1,276 

201 

42 

:)43 

902 

242 

23 

637 

501 

187 

16 

388 

408 

186 

9 

206 

11,251 

2.945 

770 

7,536 

1,704 

496 

164 

1,0U 

1.610 

283 

89 

1,238 

1,158 

174 

44 

940 

960 

180 

50 

729 

1,009 

259 

62 

778 

1,803 

501 

130 

1.172 

1,361 

465 

94 

8U2 

999 

299 

87 

553 

618 

288 

50 

280 

12.224 

2.600 

607 

9.017 

2,344 

686 

211 

1.447 

1,840 

834 

87 

1.410 

1.233 

172 

37 

1.U34 

931 

158 

23 

750 

1.178 

218 

40 

920 

1,974 

408 

87 

1.479 

1,337 

3£2 

54 

961 

890 

189 

48 

653 

497. 

113 

30 

354 

4.645 

1.082 

200 

3,413 

1,080 

361 

05 

624 

713 

158 

32 

535 

464 

73 

12 

379 

338 

64 

5 

260 

432 

71 

8 

853 

764 

147 

33 

504 

434 

90 

13 

831 

272 

46 

0 

217 

148 

22 

3 

123 

7,579 

1.568 

m 

407 

5,604 

1.264 

116 

833 

1,127 

176 

55 

896 

769 

99 

15 

655 

506 

94 

18 

481 

746 

147 

33 

567 

1,210 

261 

64 

885 

.908 

232 

41 

630 

618 

143 

30 

436 

349 

91 

27 

2.U 

Total. 


lOtoUyeani 

15  to  19  years 

20to24  years 

25  to  29  years 

ao  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  84  years 

66  years  and  over  . 


Total  males  . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

36  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  . 


Total  females . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

90  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  .. 

Total  native  white 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20to24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80to34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45to64  years 

66to64  years 

66  years  and  over  . . 

Native  white  males. . . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over  .. 

Native  white  females  . 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  31  years 

35  to  44  years 

45to54  years 

66  to  84  years 

66  years  and  over  . 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


382 


REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XX.— Population  10  years  of  age  and  over^  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  ncUivity^ 
and  by  literacy — Condnned. 


CITY  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-Continned. 


Total. 


Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 


Can  read 

bntcannot 

write. 


Can  read 
and  write. 


Total  foreign  white.. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80to34years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


1,244 


280 


84 


980 


81 
61 
157 
174 
182 
206 
217 
180 
76 


Foreign  white  males. 


10  to  14  years 

15tol9years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years.... 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


1,061 


188 


16 
46 
128 
158 
122 
287 
196 
100 


Foreign  white  females. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


183 


47 


Total  colored  . 


5.762 


10  to  14  years 

15tol9year8 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


Colored  males. 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 


844 
747 
615 
521 
529 
889 
709 
510 
448 


2,278 


419 
279 
265 
171 
186 
275 
272 
219 
197 


Colored  females  . 


8.489 


10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45to54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 


425 
468 
360 
360 
343 
664 
487 
201 
261 


2,196 


352 
194 
114 
120 
163 


265 

331) 


806 


182 
87 
42 
35 
41 
100 
111 
121 
147 


170 

lor 

85 
112 
283 
224 
144 


12 


473 


122 


851 


29 
61 
130 
143 
103 
207 
160 
95 
44 


856 


15 
46 
116 
127 
94 
187 
152 
70 
40 


124 


14 
15 
23 
15 

9 
20 

8 
16 

4 


3,006 


401 
489 
463 
8B3 
887 
428 
818 
103 
90 


1,285 


194 
172 
201 
180 
185 
162 
154 
92 
45 


207 


287 
164 
101 
45 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


LITEBACY. 


383 


Table  XX.-— Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age^  sex,  raoe^  and  nativity, 
and  by  literacy— Continued. 

CITY  OP  SANTIAGO. 


ToUl. 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

bat  can  not 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

84.478 

10.527 

1,109 

22.842 

6.0e8 

2.082 

872 

8.624 

5,071 

1.068 

177 

8,826 

8,815 

757 

76 

2.982 

8.004 

851 

89 

2.604 

8.7W 

1.062 

105 

2.550 

5,862 

1,083 

141 

8.788 

8.500 

1,442 

89 

2.060 

1,832 

885 

39 

908 

900 

607 

21 

441 

15,060 

4,266 

429 

10,981 

2.870 

1.078 

169 

1,632 

2,210 

668 

75 

1.567 

1,760 

823 

28 

1,409 

1,727 

874 

33 

1.320 

1,778 

386 

40 

1.852 

2,748 

667 

46 

2.030 

1,560 

463 

24 

1,082 

683 

248 

10 

425 

817 

149 

4 

164 

18,812 

6,271 

680 

11.861 

8,149 

954 

208 

1.992 

2,861 

500 

102 

2.259 

2,065 

484 

48 

1,573 

1,877 

477 

56 

1,344 

1.929 

666 

65 

1,198 

8,119 

1,266 

9i 

1,758 

2.021 

979 

65 

977 

1.149 

687 

29 

483 

662 

368 

17 

277 

11.602 

1.526 

236 

9,840 

2,281 

462 

120 

1.099 

1,887 

178 

88 

1,671 

1.824 

106 

9 

1,209 

1,096 

102 

10 

983 

1,145 

184 

11 

1,000 

1.809 

275 

27 

1,567 

1,128 

156 

16 

956 

567 

70 

5 

482 

806 

48 

203 

4.884 

684 

100 

4,100 

1.099 

250 

58 

791 

806 

95 

21 

692 

570 

53 

6 

511 

448 

40 

2 

401 

461 

87 

8 

421 

783 

93 

7 

683 

400 

43 

2 

855 

184 

11 

1 

172 

86 

12 

74 

6.768 

892 

186 

6.740 

1.182 

212 

62 

908 

1,079 

88 

17 

079 

754 

58 

8 

696 

662 

62 

8 

582 

684 

97 

8 

579 

1.086 

182 

20 

884 

728 

118 

14 

601 

888 

50 

4 

320 

220 

81 

188 

Total 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  2i  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Total  males 

10  to  14  years 

iJKto  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Total  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years , 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . 

Total  native  white. . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20 to 24 years...  . 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer 

Katire  white  males. . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer 

Natiye  white  females 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  28  years 

30  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

S  to  54  years 
to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer , 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


384 


BEPOBT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  ovevy  by  age,  sex,  race^  and  nativity 
and  by  hfercujj^— Continued. 

CITY  OP  SANTIAGO-Continaed. 


Total  foreign  white . . . . 

lOtoU  years 

15  to  19  years 

»toW  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

86  to  41  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 

Foreign  white  males. . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . . 

Poreiern  white  females. 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

Total  colored 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. . . 

Colored  males 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . . 

Colored  females 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years 

20to24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. . . 


ToUL 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

but  can  not 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

3,277 

614 

53 

2,  (HO 

88 

22 

4 

62 

216 

17 

8 

196 

408 

67 

0 

330 

572 

107 

8 

457 

494 

106 

10 

378 

8t21 

161 

13 

648 

461 

90 

6 

365 

151 

20 

3 

119 

71 

15 

1 

55 

2,711 

452 

33 

2,226 

48 

6 

1 

86 

168 

10 

1 

•     142 

825 

43 

4 

278 

479 

86 

7 

388 

I              428 

81 

5 

837 

705 

126 

9 

570 

406 

69 

4 

835 

125 

22 

1 

102 

60 

9 

1 

40 

!     «. 

162 

20 

884 

45 

10 

3 

20 

63 

7 

2 

54 

78 

24 

2 

62 

83 

21 

1 

71 

71 

25 

6 

41 

116 

86 

8 

TO 

53 

21 

2 

30 

26 

7 

2 

17 

21 

6 

15 

19,509 

8,387 

820 

10,802 

i           3,650 

1,548 

2(8 

1,863 

2,968 

873 

136 

1,950 

2,088 

58i 

61 

1,443 

1.937 

612 

71 

1,224 

2,068 

812 

84 

1.172 

3,172 

1,497 

102 

1,573 

2,001 

1,196 

67 

738 

1,114 

786 

81 

297 

693 

449 

20 

123 

8.121 

3,170 

296 

4.656 

1,737 

822 

110 

806 

1,249 

468 

53 

733 

865 

227 

18 

680 

805 

248 

24 

633 

894 

268 

82 

594 

1,255 

448 

80 

777 

761 

851 

18 

392 

374 

215 

8 

151 

181 

128 

8 

50 

11,478 

6.217 

524 

5,737 

1,922 

726 

138 

1.068 

1.719 

410 

88 

1.226 

1,223 

867 

43 

823 

1.182 

894 

47 

691 

1.174 

544 

% 

678 

1,917 

1,040 

790 

1,240 

845 

49 

•    840 

740 

571 

23 

140 

411 

821 

17 

78 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SCHOOL   ATTENDANCE. 


385 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months^  with  aca?,  ctgrc,  and  race. 

CUBA. 


Total. 

1  month 

2to3 

4to5 

6to7 

8  months 

or  leas. 

months. 

months. 

months. 

or  more. 

87,885 

6,708 

15,702 

15,742 

21,711 

28,077 

688 

97 

195 

141 

118 

182 

39.876 

3,655 

8,250 

7,395 

9,358 

11,218 

43,836 

2,767 

6,741 

7,652 

11,175 

16,091 

8,488 

156 

450 

600 

921 

1,321 

612 

28 

66 

64 

139 

816 

44,503 

3,309 

8,083 

7,999 

10,864 

14,296 

808 

41 

84 

57 

67 

64 

20,115 

1,820 

4,208 

3,742 

4.718 

6,632 

21,466 

1,840 

8,405 

8,827 

5,899 

7,495 

3,116 

89 

298 

324 

578 

832 

603 

19 

43 

49 

117 

275 

43,432 

8.394 

7,660 

7.743 

10,847 

13,779 

380 

56 

111 

84 

61 

68 

19,761 

1,835 

4,047 

8,653 

4,640 

5,586 

21,860 

1.427 

8,336 

3,725 

6,776 

7,696 

1,322 

67 

152 

266 

348 

489 

109 

9 

23 

15 

22 

40 

62,063 

4,151 

9,781 

10.509 

15,689 

21.953 

501 

69 

135 

96 

93 

100 

28,127 

2,234 

5,229 

4,971 

6,849 

,?'2i* 

30,286 

1,717 

4,062 

4,965 

7,91^ 

11,639 

2,664 

111 

807 

428 

714 

1,094 

516 

20 

48 

50 

121 

277 

82,132 

2,055 

5,140 

5,504 

8,005 

11,428 

217 

25 

58 

39 

48 

52 

14.430 

1,130 

2,727 

2,568 

3,607 

J'SS 

16,356 

828 

2,114 

2,625 

8,884 

5,905 

1,701 

60 

210 

244 

467 

720 

428 

12 

31 

88 

104 

248 

20,951 

2,006 

4,641 

5,005 

7,684 

10,525 

284 

44 

77 

56 

50 

67 

13,607 

1,104 

2,502 

2,413 

8,842 

f'S? 

14,929 

889 

1,948 

2,340 

4,028 

5,724 

953 

51 

97 

184 

247 

874 

88 

8 

17 

12 

17 

84 

1,134 

56 

162 

201 

276 

438 

19 

8 

8 

5 

2 

1 

440 

27 

75 

95 

96 

1*1 

558 

21 

08 

82 

146 

241 

76 

3 

5 

15 

21 

82 

41 

2 

6 

4 

11 

18 

617 

35 

84 

112 

149 

237 

8 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

240 

21 

86 

60 

64 

80 

277 

8 

38 

46 

69 

117 

58 

2 

5 

10 

14 

22 

39 

2 

5 

4 

11 

17 

517 

21 

78 

89 

m 

202 

11 

X 

7 

2 

1 

200 

6 

40 

46 

42 

67 

281 

13 

30 

87 

77 

124 

23 
2 

1 

6 

7 

10 

1 

1 

24,718 

2,496 

5,750 

5,032 

6,746 

6,665 

163 

25 

52 

41 

28 

22 

11,309 

1,394 

2,946 

2,329 

2,413 

2,287 

12,483 

1,029 

2,611 

2,506 

3' ill 

^'?S 

706 

42 

138 

147 

186 

195 

55 

6 

12 

10 

7 

20 

Total 

Under  5  years 

6to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Total  males 

Under  5  years 

5to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years , 

18  years  and  over . 

Total  females 

Under  5  years 

5  to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years , 

18  years  and  over . 

Total  native  white 

Under  5  years 

5to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Native  white  males 

Under  6  years 

5to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15tol7  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Native  white  females. 

Under  5  years 

5to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Total  foreign  white. .. 

Under  5  years 

6to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Foreign  white  males . . . 

Under  5  years 

6to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Foreign  white  females 

Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Total  colored 

Under  5  years 

6to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


2466^ 


-25 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


386 


BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months^  leith  9ex,  age,  and  race — Contiiraed. 

CCJBA-Conttaued- 


Colored  males 

Under  5  years 

5to9year8 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

Colored  females 

Under  5  years 

5to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 


Total. 


Under  5  years 

5to9  years 

lOtoli  years ;      14.462 

16  to  17  years "  """^ 

18  years  and  over 


Total  males  . 


Under  5  years 

6to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


Total  females  . 


Under  6  years 

5to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Total  native  white — 


Under  5  years 

6to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


Native  white  males. 


Under  5  years 

6to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


Native  white  females. 


Under  6  years 

6to0year8 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


Total  foreign  white. . . 

Under  6  years 

6to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  17  years .. 

18  years  and  over . 


TotaL 

1 1  month 
orleesL 

2to3 
months. 

4to6 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

Smontiu 
or  mare. 

11.754 

1.219 

2.809 

2,883 

2,710 

2.633 

78 

6.446 

5,833 

862 

86 

14 
669 
604 

27 
6 

25 
1.441 
1.253 

88 
7 

15 
1,134 
1.167 

70 
7 

13 
1,167 
1.446 

92 
2 

II 

1.CU 
1,473 

«l 
15 

12,964 

1.277 

2,  MO 

2,649 

3.086 

1         3.062 

1            «».w* 

85 

5.864 

6.660 

846 

19 

11 
725 
525 

16 

1 

27 
1.605 
1,858 

56 

6 

26 
1,196 

1.848 
77 
3 

10 
1.256 

i,«n 

94 
6 

11 
1,183 
i;748 

105 
5 

1 

►VINCE  OP  HABANA. 

1 

i      30,873 

1,716 

4,488 

4.928 

7,080 

12.667 

'           376 
14,276 
14:462 

1           857 

61 

958 

663 

29 

14 

90 

2,407 

1,824 

141 

28 

80 
2,413 

35 

66 

3,158 

3.426 

865 

71 

90 
6,345 

658 

m 

1      16,178 

b67 

2,404 

2,671 

3,668 

6,668 

172 

7,271 

7,484 

940 

811 

23 
482 
384 

21 

7 

87 

1,238 

1,002 

•       119 

18 

84 

1,243 

1,185 

130 

29 

84 

1,602 

1,784 

238 

60 

44 
2,n6 

'-^ 

197 

14.605 

848 

2.064 

2,352 

3.412 

5,990 

204 
7.005 
6.978 

462 
46 

28 
476 
829 

8 
7 

63 

1,179 

822 

22 

8 

46 

1.170 

1,021 

100 

6 

31 

1,661 

1.692 

127 

11 

46 

2,69 

3,U4 

196 

14 

28,602 

1.201 

8,078 

8,608 

6,419 

10,301 

1          801 
i      10,028 
'      10,909 
1       1.163 
806 

39 
092 
439 
21 
10 

67 

1,698 

1,207 

94 

17 

68 

1,768 

1,649 

191 

27 

61 
2,428 

2,667 
811 
67 

76 

4,847 

5.147 

546 

186 

12,627 

696 

1,669 

1,897 

2,889 

6,526 

127 

5,628 

6,712 

792 

268 

14 
844 
220 

29 

874 

677 

78 

11 

23 

916 
831 
106 

22 

26 

1,248 

1,305 

208 

67 

35 

2.252 

2,679 

386 

174 

11.065 

605 

1.409 

1,698 

2.580 

4.775 

164 
6,295 
6,197 

371 
88 

25 

848 

219 

7 

6 

88 
819 
630 

16 
6 

36 
853 
718 

85 
6 

25 

1.180 

1.262 

108 

10 

41 

2.095 

2,468 

110 

11 

733 

29 

97 

138 

165 

3M 

16 
808 
339 

61 

2 
15 

10 
1 
1 

7 

47 

37 

3 

8 

6 

68 
60 
12 
8 

1 

62 
86 
13 

8 

1 
111 
156 
» 
14 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


387 


Tabus  XXI. — School  attendance  by  monilis^  with  aex,  age,  and  race — Continned. 
PROVINCE  OP  HABANA--Contlnaed. 


TotaL 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to3 
months. 

4  to  6 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

PrypAiflm  white  mfllfW  .                          

899 

19 

48 

73 

88 

in 

TTnd4»r  ft  yearn. ^.  . 

8 
159 
172 
38 
22 

2 
12 
3 

1 
1 

1 
22 
20 
3 
2 

3 
32 

27 
8 
3 

1 

31 
43 
10 

3 

I 

5to9  yoATS..... - --. 

62 

iOtoliyeara 

79 

15  to  17  years 

16 

18  yearn  and  over        

13 

Poreign  white  femalen 

834 

;o 

49 

65 

77 

188 

TTnder  6  years. 

8 

144 

167 

13 

2 

6 
25 
17 

2 
86 
23 

4 

5  to  9  years . 

8 
7 

81 
43 
3 

49 

iOtoll  years 

77 

15  to  17  years 

6 

18  years  and  oyer 

i 

1 

Total  colored  .        . 

0,548 

485 

1,313 

1,192 

1.486 

2,062 

Under  6  years 

09 
8,060 
3.214 

188 
27 

3,252 

10 

251 

214 

7 

8 

16 
667 
580 

44 
6 

17 
577 
567 

36 
5 

13 

668 
773 
41 

1 

13 

5to9  years 

887 

IOtoll  years 

1,090 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

60 
12 

Colored  males 

2S2 

687 

601 

741 

971 

Under 5 years ...    . 

37 

1.484 

1,000 

110 

21 

7 

126 

111 

6 

2 

7 
332 
305 
38 

5 

8 

296 

277 

16 

4 

7 
328 
386 
20 

8 

5  to  9  years 

402 

lOto  14  years 

521 

15  to  17  years 

30 

18  years  and  over 

10 

Colored  females 

3,296 

238 

626 

591 

755 

6 

340 

387 

21 

1 

1,091 

Under  5  years 

32 
1,566 
1,614 

78 
6 

3 
125 
108 

1 
1 

9 
386 

275 
6 

1 

9 
281 
280 
20 

1 

5 

5to9  years 

485 

10  to  14  years 

569 

15  to  17  years 

30 

18  years  and  orer 

2 

PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAS. 


Total. 


Under  5  years 

5to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  tol7  years 

18  years  and  oyer . 


Total  males  . 


Under  5  years 

5to9years 

10  tol4  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  oyer . 


Total  females . 


Under  5  years 

5to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over  . 


Total  native  white. 


Under  5  years 

ftto9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


14.688 

1.508 

2,748 

2,527 

3,H82 

4.088 

58 

12 

15 

8 

9 

9 

6,645 

824 

1,454 

1,188 

1,598 

1,581 

7.293 

617 

1,173 

1,229 

2.061 

2,223 

649 

47 

91 

98 

206 

207 

53 

3 

10 

4 

18 

18 

7,117 

718 

1,318 

1,200 

1.868 

1.963 

18 

5 

1 

4 

4 

4 

8,306 

405 

606 

625 

796 

783 

3,415 

282 

558 

575 

039 

1,061 

340 

28 

54 

52 

115 

96 

38 

3 

7 

4 

U 

9 

7,676 

785 

1.425' 

1,207 

2,014 

2,085 

86 

7 

14 

4 

5 

5 

8.889 

419 

766 

568 

803 

798 

3,878 

335 

615 

654 

1.112 

1,162 

809 

24 

87 

46 

91 

HI 

15 

3 

3 

9 

9,496 

792 

1,511 

1,508 

2,712 

2,972 

29 

5 

11 

3 

5 

6 

4,198 

408 

790 

721 

1.115 

1.164 

4,736 

346 

641 

704 

1,421 

l,«S4 

484 

31 

61 

77 

158 

162 

48 

2 

8 

3 

18 

17 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


388 


REPORT   ON    THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tablk  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months^  with  aex,  <Mge,  and  race— Cootinned. 
PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAft-Contiiined. 


TotaL 

4,728 

10 

2.137 

2.276 

272 

83 

4,767 

1  month 
or  less. 

382 

2to8 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6  to  7     8  months 
months,  or  more. 

Native  white  males 

730 

794 

1.852 

1,470 

I'nder  5  yean 

8 

201 

160 

16 

2 

1 
385 

301 

1 

2 

309 

345 

46 

8 

2 
564 

678 
98 
15 

2 

5  to 9 years      ...         -.- 

568 

in  to  14  yMirs        ... 

792 

15  to  17  years 

80 

18  years  and  over 

8 

Native  white  femalee 

410 

781 

714 

1,360 

1.5(6 

Under  5  years 

19 

2,081 

2,460 

212 

15 

2 

207 

186 

15 

10 
405 
340 

23 
3 

1 
82S 
350 
32 

3 

561 

748 

60 

8 

3 

5  to  9  years 

576 

10  to  14  years 

83! 

15  to  17  years 

8S 

18  years  and  over 

9 

Total  foreign  white 

m 

8 

18 

16 

82 

20 

Under  5  years 

3 

ao 

46 
8 
2 

1 
5 
1 

1 

1 
3 

8 

I 
11 
16 

4 

5  to  9  years 

6 
9 

1 

5 

lOto  14  years 

12 

15  to  17  years         

2 

18  venrs  and  over 

1 

1 

....... 

Foreign  white  males 

41 

4 

8 

7 

14 

8 

Under 5 years ..^^ 

5  to  9  years 

21 
17 

1 
2 

4 

2 
5 

4 

3 

8 
5 
1 

8 

10  to  14  years 

4 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

1 

I 

Foreign  white  femalfw .  , 

48 

3 

9 

29 

7 

4 

5 

9 

18 

12 

Under  5  years 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
3 

1 
8 
11 
8 

5  to  9  years 

2 
6 

1 

2 

10  to  14  years 

8 

15  to  J  7  years 

2 

18  years  and  over .... 



Total  colored 

M09 

708 

1.219 

i.ons 

1.138 

1.046 

Under  5  years 

21 

2,417 

2.511 

157 

3 

6 

411 

270 

15 

1 

3 

661 

524 

30 

1 

6 

461 

516 

20 

1 

8 
472 
614 
49 

4 

5  to  9  years 

412 

lOtoUyeart* 

507 

15tol7  years 

43 

18  years  and  over  .      .... 

Colored  males 

2,348 

8 

1,148 

1,122 

67 

3 

332 

580 

459 

GOB 

475 

Under  5  years 

2 

200 
122 

7 
1 

2 
222 

227 
7 
1 

2 
223 
256 
21 

2 

5to9year8 

311 
252 

16 

1 

192 

10  to  14  years 

206 

15  to  17  years 

16 

18  years  and  over ... 

Colored  females 

2,761 

3n 

4 

211 

148 

8 

639 

3 

350 

272 

14 

644 

636 

m 

Under  5  years 

13 
1,280 
1,889 

90 

8 

289 

289 

18 

1 
249 
3S6 
28 

2 

5  to  9  years -. 

220 

lOtoHyears 

8SS 

16  to  17  years 

27 

18  years  and  over 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL.  RIO. 


Total 

Under  5  years    . . 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  U  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 


3,412 


12 

1,643 

1,662 

92 

13 


268 


157 

108 

8 


5 

348 

220 

10 


465 


206 
17 


853 


4 
426 
399 
20 

4 


719 
42 
9 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SCHOOL   ATTENDANCE. 


889 


Table  XXL — School  attendance  by  months^  with  «ea?,  age^  and  race — Continned. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RlO-Continued. 


Total 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Total  males 

1,790 

186 

806 

262 

438 

&55 

Under  Syears 

6 

853 

855 

66 

10 

2 

185 

113 

8 

3 
130 
111 

8 

1 
214 

308 
13 
8 

414 

5  to  9  years 

85 
48 
3 

239 

10 toU  years 

15  to  17  years 

375 
34 

18  years  and  oyer 

7 

208 

• 

Tot^l  f««iiiftl<^ 

1,622 

132 

275 

508 

Under  6  years 

6 
790 
797 
20 

3 

3 
163 
107 

2 

3 
212 

191 
7 
1 

6  to  9  years 

72 
60 

99 
95 
9 

244 

lOtoU  years        

844 

15 tol7  years 

8 

18  years  and  over 

2 

Total  natiy^  white 

2,638 

207 

419 

835 

660 

1.017 

Under 6 years.  ...  .. 

9 

1,261 

1,278 

80 

10 

4 

253 

1 

165 

154 

15 

4 

329 

307 

16 

4 

5  to  9  years _ 

10  to  14  years 

119 
86 
8 

895 

577 

15  to  Ir  years 

89 

18  years  and  oyer 

6 

Natly^^  whItA  mnXtm ...  . 

1.432 

112 

233 

190 

350 

647 

Under  5  years. 

3 
670 
AGO 
61 

8 

1 
139 
86 

7 

1 
94 

88 

7 

1 

173 

163 

10 

3 

6to9  years 

68 
41 
3 

196 

lOtoU  years 

812 

15tol7vears         

84 

18  years  and  over 

5 

Katiye  white  female                     

1.206 

95 

186 

145 

310 

470 

Under  5  years 

6 

601 

588 

19 

2 

3 
114 
60 

3 
156 
144 

6 

1 

5 to 9  years 

51 
44 

7i 
66 

8 

199 

lOtoU  years 

265 

15  to  17  years 

5 

18  years  and  over ................... 

1 

Total  forftlgn  whit^            .... 

26 

2 

5 

2 

9 

8 

Under  5  years 

1 

5 to 9  years...... ...-. 

15 
11 

4 
1 

2 

6 
3 

3 

10  to  U  years 

2 

5 

15  to  17  years              ....... 

18  years'and  over 

Foreign  white  males 

16 

1 

2 

8 

5 

Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years 

'I 

1 

2 

6 
2 

2 

10  to  14  years 

3 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Foreimi  white  females 

10 

2 

4 

1 

3 

Under  5  vckam .... 

1 

5  to  9  years 

4 

6 

3 

1 

1 

]0tol4  years 

15  to  17  years 

2 

1 

2 

18  yeani  and  over .  . 

1 

Total  colored 

748 

60 

159 

118 

184 

228 

Under  5  years 

8 
867 
863 

12 
8 

1 
91 
64 

8 

2 
62 
52 

2 

5  to  9  years I... 

88 
21 

91 

89 

4 



85 

10  to  U  years 

137 

15  to  17  years 

8 

18  years  and  over ^...    ^ 

8 

Colored  males 

842 

24 

74 

00 

81 

103 

UnderSyears , 

3 

172 

160 

5 

2 

1 
45 

27 

1 

2 
84 
23 

1 

1 

6  to  9  years 

17 

7 

35 
43 
8 

41 

10  to  14  years 

00 

15  to  17  years , 

18  years  and  oy^r 

2 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


390 


BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OK   CVBA,  1899. 


Tablk  XXL — School  attendattee  bp  months,  trith  ««r,  age,  and  race — Gontmned. 
PBOVmCE  OF  PINAB  DEL  RlO-Oootlniied. 


Colored  females  . 


Under  6  years 

5to9years 

10  to  U  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  oyer . 


T6tal. 


196 


1  month  I    2  to  8       4  to  5 
or  less,  inwntlia.    nwnths. 


58 


21-1 

14  I 


46 


8  to  7    |8  motttliB 
months. 


lOB 


12S 


56  . 

46 
1 


44 

77 
8 
1 


PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total            .     .  .           ... 

4,398 

306 

767 

792 

1,872 

1,162 

Under  5  years -.... 

15 

2,181 

2.116 

78 

13 

8 
151 
147 

8 

1 

2 

441 

817 

6 

1 

4 

416 

868 

16 

8 

3 
688 
678 
24 

5 

8 

5  to  0  years     .    ................. 

511 

10  to  14  years 

621 

15  to  17  years 

24 

18  years  and  over 

8 

Total  males r , . 

2,225 

m 

883 

802 

674 

606 

Under  5  years 

5 

1,108 

1,069 

47 

11 

2 

87 
79 
2 

1 

1 

840 

813 

16 

4 

2 

5  to  9  years  . .   

215 

162 

5 

1 

196 

186 

9 

2 

866 

iO  to  l'4  years 

319 

]5tol7years  

15 

18  years  and  over - 

8 

Total  females  .  

2,178 

184 

884 

400 

606 

557 

Under  5  years 

10 
1,078 
1,««7 

26 
2 

1 
64 

68 

1 

2 
286 
155 

1 

4 
221 
167 

7 
1 

2 
822 
865 

8 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years 

245 

10  to  14  years 

aue 

15  to  17  years 

9 

18  years  and  oyer 

Total  natiye  white 

8,601 

240 

580 

622 

1,148 

1,010 

Under 5 years.      ....   .             

14 
1,779 
1.738 

61 
9 

2 
121 
115 

2 

2 
348 
281 

8 

1 

4 

880 

278 

14 

2 

8 
660 
669 
24 

8 

3 

5to9years 

435 

10  to  1^  years 

651 

15  to  17  years 

18 

18  years  and  oyer 

3 

Native  white  males 

1,806 

183 

208 

806 

500 

517 

Under  5  years 

4 
892 
864 
80 

9 

1 

72 
59 

1 

1 

281 

269 

16 

8 

2 

5  to  9  years 

170 

119 

3 

1 

149 

145 

9 

2 

220 

10  to  14  years 

282 

15  to  17  years 

10 

18  years  and  over 

8 

Native  white  females 

1,793 

107 

287 

817 

689 

483 

Under  5  years 

10 

1 

2 

4 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

887 
874 
22 

49 
66 

1 

178 
112 

181 

127 

5 

200 
810 

8 

215 

15  to  17  years 

269 

18  years  and  over. 

8 

■■* 

Total  foreiini  white 

42 

5 

9 

8 

12 

18 

Under  6  years 

! 

5  to  9  years 

7 

31 

8 

1 

2 
2 
1 

1 
7 
1 

1 
2 

1 
10 

2 

lOto  14  years 

10 

15  to  17  years 

1 

18  years  and  oyer 

1 

Foreign  white  nial4w.  .    .. 

27 

4 

7 

2 

5 

9 

Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years 

5 

18 
8 

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 
5 

1 

1 
1 

2 

10  to  14  years 

4 
I 

6 

15  to  17  years 

1 

18  years  and  over 

- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


391 


Tabur  XXI. — School  attendance  by  monttis,  with  «ea?,  age,  and  race?— Continued. 
PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PBINCIPE-Continaed. 


j   Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to8 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Foreiflfn  white  females i 

15 

1 

2 

1 

7 

4 

TTnder  6  Tflani    

i      

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

2 

13 

1 

1 
6 

2 

1 

4 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

1      , 

Total  colored . 

755 

60 

178 

167 

211 

139 

Under  6  vears                 

1 

395 

347 

9 

3 

1 

28 
30 

5  to  9  yeM*s 

97 

1 

85 
79 
2 

I 

iii 

99 

74 

10  to  14  years 

60 

15  to  17  years 

5 

18  years  and  over ■, 

I 

1 

Colored  rnal^Mi. , . , 

390 

34 

83 

85 

100 

79 

Under  5  Tears                   

1 
206 
177 

5 

I 

1 

14 
18 

6  to  9  years 

44 

38 
1 

45 

40 

50 
60 

44 

10  to  14  years 

31 

16  to  17  years 

4 

18  years  and  OTer 

i 

Colored  females 

365 

26 

95 

82 

102 

60 

Under  5  yearn 

5  to  9  years 

180 

170 

4 

2 

14 
12 

53 
41 

1 

40 

39 

8 

1 

52 
49 

30 

10  to  14  years 

29 

15  to  17  years 

1 

18  years  and  OTer 

1 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


Total 

20.3til 

2.039 

4,124 

3,640 

4.404 

6,186 

Under  5  yearn 

134 
8,763 
10,578 

724 

ire 

.  _ 

23 

1,078 
876 
55 

7 

49 

2,057 

1,887 

119 

12 

27 

1,680 

1,837 

,01 

17 

1,821 

2.302 

151 

23 

18 

5  to  9  years 

2.227 

lOtoU  years 

3.686 

15  to  17  years 

296 

18  years  and  oTer 

66 

Total  malew   

.  10,215 

1.006 



2.164 

1.818 

2.160 

3.075 

Under  5  years 

63 

4.425 

5.208 

439 

85 

8 

528 

437 

29 

6 

81 

1,090 

968 

66 

9 

7 
792 
061 
54 

4 

9 

918 

1.107 

105 

21 

8 

5to9  years 

1,007 

10  to  14  years 

1.740 

15to  17  years 

186 

18  years'and  orer 

46 

Total  females , 

10.066 

1.081 

1.970 

1,731 

2.244 

3.110 

Under  5  years 

71 

4,338 

5.375 

285 

17 

15 
550 
439 

26 

1 

18 
967 
929 

1 

20 

788 

876 

47 

8 

903 

1.285 

46 

2 

10 

5to9  years 

1.130 

10 toll  years 

1.846 

15  to  17  years 

113 

18  Tears  and  OT©r          .  . 

11 

Total  natiTe  white 

14,014 

1.239 

2,667 

2.420 

3,119 

4,660 

Under  5  years 

84 

6.998 

71302 

546 

89 

16 
636 
540 

41 
6 

30 

1.297 

1.137 

03 

10 

12 
1,058 
1.202 

63 
4 

12« 

1,305 

1,670 

114 

18 

14 

6  to  9  years : 

1.697 

lOtoll  years 

2,663 

15  to  17  years 

236 

18  years  and  OTer 

51 

I^ntive  white  males 

7,241 

616 

1.300 

1.202 

1,563 

2,381 

Under  6  years,  ^.^  a ..^ 

41 

3,062 

3,706 

356 

76 

5 
316 
270 
20 

5 

18 
700 
608 

66 

8 

6 

532 

715 

86 

4 

6 

659 

785 

86 

17 

7 

5to9  years ... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  oyer  ,         

846 

1,328 

158 

42 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


392 


REPORT  ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XXL—School  cUtendance  by  month*,  with  mx,  age,  and  rao^— ContixraecL 
PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA-^Vrntiniied. 


TotaL 

1  month 
or  lees. 

2to3 
months. 

1    4to5 
months. 

6to7 
monthf. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Nftt1vf»  wh1t4f  ff^midiw 

«.778 

623 

1.168 

1.137 

1,566 

2,2^9 

Under  6  yeftra.. ............ ...... 

43 

2.981 

3,606 

190 

13 

11 
330 
270 

21 

1 

12 

588 
629 
37 

2 

7 
528 

5T7 

27 

6 
646 

885 
28 

7 

6  to  9  years 

8S1 

]OtoU  yean 

i,8e 

i5tol7  years 

77 

18  years  and  over 

9 

Total  foreign  white 

136 

9 

23 

19 

as 

68 

Under  5  vears                          .  ..... 

5  to  9  years 

45 
76 
9 
6 

4 
4 

12 
10 

7 

10 
2 

10 
17 
8 
2 

12 

iOto  14  years 

86 

16tol7  years 

4 

18  Tears  and  over          ....... 

1 

i 

2 

Frtrelgrn  white  male* 

74 

5 

14 

15 

17 

1         a 

Under  5  years 

..J 

5  to9  years 

26 
36 
6 
6 

3 

1 

7 
6 

5 

1 

5 

1 

2 

6 

lUtoli  years 

15  to  17  years 

18 
2 

18  years  and  over 

i 

1 

2 

Foreign  white  females 

62 

4 

9 

4 

15 

80 

Under  5  years 

1 L.... 

5  to  9  years 

19 
40 
8 

1 
3 

5 
4 

2 

2 

5 
9 

1 

6 

10  to  14  years 

22 

16  to  17  years 

2 

18  years  and  oyer 

Total  colored 

6,151 

791 

1.534 

1.101 

1,253 

1,472 

Under  Syears 

60 

2,725 

3.200 

160 

7 

7 

438 

332 

14 

19 

;48 

740 
26 

1 

15 
515 
536 

86 

5 

606 

706 

34 

8 

4 

6  to 9  years.. '.. 

518 

10  to  14  years 

888 

15  to  17  years 

99 

18  years  and  over 

3 

Colored  males 

2,900 

387 

741 

511 

600 

sn 

Under  6  years - 

22 
1.337 
1,461 

n 

3 

3 
200 
166 

•9 

13 
374 
344 

10 

2 
255 

238 
16 

3 

254 

314 

17 

2 

1 

5to9  years 

245 

lOtoU  years    

899 

15 to  17  years. 

25 

18  years  and  over 

1 



f!oiorA4l  females  . . 

3,251 

404 

798 

590 

063 

801 

Under  5  years 

6  to  9  years 

28 
1,388 
1,730 

02 
4 

4 

220 

166 

6 

i 

16 

1 

13 
200 
297 

20 

2 
252 

391 
17 

1 

3 
2<3 

lOtol*  years ... 

16  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

489 
81 
2 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total. 


Undez5year8 

5to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


Tolal  males . 


Under  5  years  — 

5  toOyears. 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over. 


14.258 

873 

2,997 

3.406 

4,120 

2,772 

08 

8 

34 

19 

20 

12 

6,368 

487 

1.543 

1,660 

1,608 

i.on 

7.225 

356 

1.320 

1,771 

2,2» 

1.6*; 

498 

19 

83 

119 

156 

i» 

74 

3 

17 

18 

18 

18 

6,978 

400 

1,466 

1.706 

2,055 

1,842 

39 

3 

13 

9 

8 

6 

3,167 

233 

787 

757 

849 

531 

3,460 

160 

612 

850 

1,098 

721 

284 

11 

46 

71 

86 

TO 

48 

2 

8 

10 

14 

14 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SCHOOL   ATTENDANCE.  393 

Tablb  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months^  unth  sex,  age,  and  race— Contirned. 
PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO-Oontinued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to3 
months. 

4  to5 
months. 

6  to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Totnl  f  ATnal^ff 

7,280 

464 

1,531 

1,790 

2.065 

1,430 

Under  5  yean 

54 

8.211 

8.776 

214 

26 

5 
254 
196 

8 

1 

21 
756 
708 

37 
9 

10 

812 
912 

48 
8 

12 

849 

1,131 

69 

4 

6 

StoQyean 

10  to  U  yean 

540 
828 

15  to  17  yMn                  

62 

18  VMUTB  and  ov©p 

4 

Total  natlTe  white 

8.743 

472 

1,626 

2.022 

2,630 

2,003 

Under  6  yt  an .-  

74 

3,973 

4,322 

320 

54 

7 

258 

192 

13 

2 

21 

853 

691 

49 

12 

17 

929 

994 

08 

14 

18 

1,127 

1,378 

96 

11 

11 

5  to  9  yeai  s 

806 

10  to  14  ycirs 

1,067 

15  to  17  years 

94 

18  years  and  oyer..... 

15 

l^AtlvA  wh^U^  malef                

4.396 

216 

•816 

l,Oc» 

1,351 

987 

UnderSyears. 

32 

2.041 

2.108 

181 

34 

2 
129 

78 
6 

1 

9 
450 
323 

28 
6 

8 
469 
.•501 
41 

7 

9 

6 

6  to  9  years 

406 

lOtoUyears 

612 

15  to  17  years 

52 

1«  yenrn  and  over  . 

11 

Native  white  females 

4,347 

256 

810 

996 

1,279 

1,006 

Under  5 yearn. ...... ....... ..... 

42 

1,932 

2,214 

139 

20 

5 
129 
114 

7 
1 

12 
403 
388 

21 
6 

9 

460 
493 
27 

7 

11 
640 
684 

42 
2 

5 

5  to  9  years 

400 

10  to  14  years ; 

655 

Wto  17 years 

1ft  yeftrw and  over. ......  .. 

42 
4 

Total  fnr^ign  whlt4» 

108 

3 

15 

23 

26 

41 

Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years 

40 
55 
5 

8 

1 
2 



8 
5 

1 
1 

11 
11 

6 
14 

1 
5 

14 

10  to  14  years 

15tol7years 

23 
8 

18  years  and  over. 

1 

1 

Forel^  white  males 

60 

3 

6 

15 

17 

21 

Under5years 

6  to  9  years 

18 
29 
5 

8 

1 
2 

2 
2 
1 

1 

6 
6 

4 
7 
1 
5 

9 

5 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

12 
8 

18  vears  and  over  . 

1 

1 

Foreiflfn  white  females 

48 

9 

10 

20 

Under  5  ycMirs  .  * 

1 

5  to  9  years 

22 
26 

6 
3 

5 
5 

2 
7 

9 

10  to  14  years 

11 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

t 

Total  colored 

5,407 

•   398 

1.356 

1,461 

1,464 

738 

Under  5  years  ......  

19 
2,355 

2.848 
173 
12 

1 
228 
162 

6 

1 

13 
682 
624 

83 

4 

2 

629 

766 

51 

8 

2 

565 

837 

58 

2 

C87 

1 

5  to  9  years 

into  14  years 

251 
450 

15  to  17  years 

26 

18  years  and  over 

2 

Colored  males 

2,522 

190 

644 

667 

;m 

Under  5  years..... ... 

1.096 

1.813 

98 

6 

1 

103 

80 

6 

1 

4 
335 

287 

'I 

1 
282 
352 
30 

2 

1 
268 
397 
31 

5  to  9  years 

120 

10  to  14  years 

197 

15  to  17  yearn      

15 

18  years  and  over 

2 

Colored  females                ...     

2,885 

208 

712 

784 

777 

404 

Under  5  years 

12 
1,267 
1,535 

75 
6 

125 

82 

1 

9 

3*7 

337 

16 

3 

1 
347 
414 
21 

1 

1 

307 

440 

27 

2 

1 

5  to  9  y«ars...... 

131 

10  to  14  years 

262 

15  to  17  years 

18  vears  and  over       .......... . 

10 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


394  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXL—Schod  attendance  by  months^  uHth  9ex,  age^  and  race — Ccmtmii6d. 

CITY  OP  CIENFUBGOS. 


TV)taL 

1  month 
or  leea 

2  to8 
months. 

4  to5 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Total 

8,882 

258 

622 

m 

775 

1,484 

Under  5  years 

25 

1.662 

1,992 

150 

18 

1 
127 

in 

9 

6 

821 

277 

17 

1 

5 
887 
829 

6 

833 

411 

22 

3 

7 

5  to  9  years 

5S4 

10  to  U  years 

85i 

16to  17 years  

80 

18  years  and  over 

9 

1.869 

108 

881 

286 

872 

7» 

Under 6 Tears  .    ................... 

18 
805 
961 

92 

8 

1 

52 
61 

4 

4 

179 
137 
10 

1 

4 

168 

191 

12 

2 

4 

6  to9  yewTS T,..r.,, 

151 
124 
11 

200 

10  to  14  years 

448 

16  to  17  years 

18  ▼earn  and  over          .       ., 

55 
5 

Total  females 

1.963 

150 

201 

407 

403 

712 

Under  ft  Tears  ................*^rT.T 

12 

847 

1,041 

58 

5 

2 
142 
140 

7 

5 
186 
205 

U 

2 

ITO 

220 

10 

1 

8 

5  to  9  yei^s...... ..........  -- 

75 
70 
6 

274 

10  to  14  years 

406 

15  to  17  years 

25 

18  Tears  and  OTer                  .  .  — .... 

4 

Total  natlTe  white                    

2,482 

161 

867 

419 

510 

1,085 

Under 5  Tears             ..  .  ...... 

18 
1,081 

i.2n 

106 
9 

4 

196 

167 

12 

1 

8 

204 

198 

14 

6 
236 

254 
13 

1 

6 

6  to  9  years 

88 
72 
6 

886 

10  to  14  years 

SBO 

15  to  17  years 

58 

18  Tears  and  over -  -.,-^t- 

7 

NatiTe  white  males 

1,245 

66 

206 

ISO 

248 

567 

Under  5  years 

9 

627 

629 

73 

7 

2 

m 

80 
10 
1 

4 
116 
118 

9 

1 

3 

6  to  9  years 

84 
81 

1 

84 
68 

7 

181 

10  to  14  years 

88S 

15  to  17  years 

46 

18  Tears  and  OTer  

5 

NativA  white  femaW  . . 

1.237 

95 

162 

200 

262 

4S8 

Under  5  Tears - , , ,  ^ , , , 

9 
564 

642 
80 
2 

2 

81 
77 
2 

8 
120 
180 

7 

2 
120 
130 

4 

2 

5  to 9  yeM*s 

49 
41 
5 

184 

lOtoHvetirs             

258 

15tol7years'    

12 

18  Tears  and  OTer        ............... 

2 

Total  foreign  white. n....... 

42 

2 

7 

6 

6 

21 

Under  6  years 

6  to  9  years.......... .. 

14 
26 
2 

8 

4 

2 
8 
1 

1 
5 

8 

10  to  14  years 

2 

12 

15  to  17  Tears 

I 

18  years  and  OTer 

Foreign  white  males 

20 

8 

8 

4 

10 

Under  5  years................. 

6  to  9  years 

7 
11 
2 

1 
2 

1 
1 

1 

1 
8 

4 

10  to  14  years 

5 

15  to  17  Tears                      .    .. 

1 

18  years  and  oTer 

Poreiflm  white  females 

22 

2 

4 

3 

2 

11 

Under 5 Tears 

6  to  9  Tears          ...... 

7 
16 

2 
2 

1 
2 

4 

10  to  14  years 

2 

2 

7 

15  to  17  Tears         

18  Tears  and  OTer 



Total  colored 

1,806 

95 

248 

268* 

260 

488 

Under  5  Tears. 

7 

557 

695 

45 

4 

1 

44 
47 

8 

2 
125 
116 

5 

2 
181 

128 
7 

8 

5  to  9  years 

96 

152 

9 

2 

161 

10  to  14  Tears 

2S2 

15  to  17  years 

21 

18  Tears  and  OTer 

2 



— 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


395 


Tablb  ZXI.— Sc^oo/  attendance  by  months,  jcith  sex,  age,  and  race— Continued. 
CITY  OP  CIKKFUEOOS-ConUnued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

42 

2to3 
months. 

4to6 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

ColorfMl  males            .    - 

604 

123 

124 

120 

106 

Under  5  years 

4 

271 

311 

17 

1 

1 

18 
20 

8 

2 
66 
56 

1 

5  to  9  years - 

66 
66 
3 

46 
70 
3 

1 

75 

lOtoUyears 

111 

16  to  17  years 

8 

18  years  and  over 

Ooini-<w^  f^mivleff 

704 

63 

125 

144 

130 

243 

Under  6  years 

3 
286 
384 

28 
3 

2 
66 
78 

4 

1 

6  to9yeMV 

26 

27 

60 
61 
6 

60 
82 
6 

1 

86 

10  to  U  years 

141 

15  to  17  years 

13 

18  years  and  over 

y 

1" 

CITY  OP  HABAKA 


Total 

Under  5  years 

6to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  oyer  . 

Total  males 

Under  5  years 

5to0years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over  . 

Total  females 

Under  5  years 

6to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over  , 

Total  native  white... , 

Under  5  years 

5to0years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Native  white  males... 

Under  6  years 

5to0years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Native  white  females. 

Under  6  years 

5to0years , 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 

Total  foreign  white  .. 

Under  5  years 

6to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


20,678 


321 
0.660 
9,871 
1,119 

802 


10,  J 


146 
4,867 
4,832 

724 

270 


9.844 


176 
4,708 
4,680 

806 


15,574 


261 

7.188 

6.062 

921 


1,263 


110 

8.606 

3.021 

601 

236 


7,311 


141 
3.492 
8,331 

890 
27 


12 

247 

273 

49 

21 


671 


401 

215 

10 

7 


2,688 


80 
[.396 
973 
116 
23 


352 


19 

217 

107 

6 

3 


319 


19 
184 

108 
4 

4 


450 


281 

139 

6 

5 


233 


12 
154 

64 
2 
1 


16 
127 
76 

4 
4 


1.414 


n5 

548 

101 

17 


1.174 


47 
681 
426 

15 
6 


,605 


61 
963 


931 


27 
491 


764 


34 
462 

260 
13 
5 


73 


8,067 


68 

1,536 

1,265 

201 

27 


1,611 


29 
792 
664 
103 

23 


1,476 


39 
7U 
691 

98 
4 


2.169 


61 
1,074 
866 
150 
20 


1.147 


21 
561 
466 

82 
17 


1.022 


4.726 


57 

2.006 

2.215 

296 

62 


2.434 


30 
613 


n 


114 


31 

1.040 

1.123 

185 

56 


26 

1,066  I 

1.092  I 

111 

7 


3.666  I 


1,560  I 
1.680 
254  I 


1,861 


783 


166 
62 


1.605 


22 

786 
792 


132 


1 

48 
67 
13 

3 


9,601 


78 

4,131 

4.713 

406 

183 


5,018 


34 

2.003 

2,390 

&» 

172 


2,292  I         4.583 


44 

2.038 

2.323 

167 

11 


7.606 


66 

8,311 

3.731) 

425 

IffJ 


4,001 


27 

1.707 

1.915 

288 

154 


8,604 

39 

1.604 

1,815 

137 

9 


1 
06 
133 
20 
12 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


396 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXI,— School  attendance  byt  months,  with  sex,  age,  and  race — Continiifid. 
CITY  OP  HABANA-Continned. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to8 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

Smooths 
ormopft. 

Foreign  white  males 

831 

15 

40 

61 

68 

147 

UnderSyears 

6  to 9 years.... 

10  to  14  years - 

7 

180 

189 

86 

19 

2 
9 
8 

1 

1 

18 
16 
8 
2 

2 
28 
20 
8 
8 

1 
SS 
32 
10 

3 

1 
53 
68 

15  to  17  years 

14 

1A  vAAPa  &n(1  over 

11 

Foreign  white  females....... 

271 

6 

33 

58 

64 

115 

Under6years 

6  to  9  years 

5 
117 
134 
18 

2 

4 
16 
13 

I 

80 
18 

4 

1 

8 
8 

26 
35 
3 

43 

10  to  14  years 

65 

15  to  17  Tears 

6 

18  VPRra  ATUl  ov^^t* 

1 

1 

Total  colored 

4.4»7 

191 

820 

804 

1.038 

1,«44 

Under  6  years. -..--^.. 

68 

2,125 

2.146 

149 

19 

8 
108 
70 
3 
2 

14 
410 
356 

36 
4 

14 
404 
352 

30 
4 

11 
479 

518 
29 

1 

11 

5  to  9  vears  .      .. 

7S4 

10  to  14  years 

890 

IStoitvears            

M 

18  years  and  over 

8 

Colored  males ...- 

2.286 

104 

443 

408 

506 

780 

Under  6  years 

29 

1,081 

1,072 

87 

16 

5 
54 
40 
8 
2 

5 

206 
194 
34 

4 

6 

208 

178 

18 

3 

7 

235 

253 

10 

6 

5  to  9  years .           

333 

10  to  14  years 

407 

15  to  17  years _............ 

27 

18  years  and  over 

7 

Colored  females 

2.262 

87 

877 

401 

538 

864 

Under  6  years 

29 
1,094 
1,074 

62 
3 

8 
54 

80 

9 
204 
162 

2 

8 
201 
174 

17 

1 

4 

2U 

265 

19 

1 

5 

5to9years 

381 

10  to  14  years 

443 

15  to  17  years 

2i 

18  vearH  and  over 

1 

CITY  OF  MATANZA8. 


ToUl  .'. 

Under  5  years 

5  toOyears 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

Total  males 

Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

Total  females 

Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

Total  native  white... 

Under  5  years — 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 


4,885 


18 

2,140 

2,466 

239 

22 


2,872 


5 

1.063 

1.168 

128 

13 


2,513 


13 

1,077 

1,303 

111 

9 


3.585 


9 
1.546 

1.809 
200 
21 


510 


6 
251 


225 


2 

116 
91 
14 
2 


4 
135 

138 


354 


2 

109 

163 

18 


920 


5 

460 

412 

41 

2 


456 


227 

201 

27 

1 


728 


854 
83 


896 


2 
190 
1T6 
20 


464 


211 
14 
1 


589 


5 
290 
260 
82 

2 


882 


2 
188 
179 
18 


680 


2 
248 
249 
81 


1.848 


701 
70 

7 


668 


1  . 
281 
326 

6  ■ 


606 


I 
287 
375 
31 

1 


1.011 


514 
58  I 

7 


407 


ei 

10 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SCHOOL   ATTENDANCE. 


397 


Tablb  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  9ex,  age,  and  race— Continued. 
CITY  OP  MATANZAS-Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to3 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

509 

8  months 
or  more. 

Ka.tive  white  males 

1,754 

156 

280 

297 

612 

Under  5  TOAni 

2 

784 

847 

109 

12 

1 
78 
64 
11 

2 

143 

116 
21 

1 

1 
154 
122 
20 

S  to  Q  VBA1*A          .       •-•    -    .....•«••••... 

217 

261 

85 

6 

193 

lOtoUyears 

IStolTveara 

295 
22 

18  vaars  and  over   .................. 

;{ 

N^ativA  irhite  femalen 

1,831 

198 

due 

233 

502 

589 

TTnder  ft  TearH  .  .              

7 

788 

962 

91 

9 

1 
91 
99 

7 

5 

147 

145 

,  11 

1 

1 

94 
127 
11 

5to9yeai*8 

215 
263 
23 

1 

215 

lOtoHvears        

328 

15  to  17  Tears 

39 

18  yearn  and  oyer 

7 

Total  foreism  white 

40 

3 

4 

5 

19 

9 

TTnder  5  Tearfi              

2 
12 
20 
5 
1 

1 

1 

1 
6 
10 
2 

5  to  9  jein 

1 
3 

4 

10  to  14  Tears                      ... 

4 

1 

3 

15  to  17  V^LTB 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over..-. 

1 

Foreiipn  white  males 

•       15 

1 

2 

6 

6 

Under  5  vears.. .-... 

5  to  9  years    .. 

8 
6 

1 

4 

2 

3 

10  to  14  vears 

2 

2 

15tol7vear8           

18  years  and  over. 

1 

1 

Foreiffn  white  females 

25 

2 

2 

6 

13 

3 

Under  6  vears. 

2 

4 
14 
5 

1 

1 
2 
8 
2 

5  to  9  years 

1 
1 

1 

iotol'i  years 

4 

1 

'1 

15tol7vears      

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  .r....^. ,.. 

Total  colored - 

1,280 

153 

327 

193 

318 

269 

Under  5  years 

7 
582 
637 
34 

s? 

66 
3 

2 

89 
101 

1 

1 
130 
177 
10 

1 

5  to  9  yearj* .   . .     , 

169 

-     149 

9 

113 

10  to  14  years 

144 

15  to  17  years 

11 

18  years  and  over 

Colored  male$*  

603 

68 

174 

99 

138 

124 

Under  6  years 

3 

271 

310 

19 

1 

87 
27 

3 

1 

45 
53 

1 
60 
73 

4 

6- to  9  years 

84 
84 
6 

45 

10  to  14  years 

73 

15  to  17  years 

0 

1«  yearff  and  over 

Colored  f emalefl  , , 

657 

85 

163 

94 

180 

145 

Under  5  years 

4 

811 

•    327 

16 

2 
44 
39 

1 
44 

48 
1 

1 

5  to  9  years 

86 
66 
3 

70* 

104 

6 

68 

lOtoHyears 

71 

15  to  It  years 

5 

18  years' and  over .  .. 

' 

CITY  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total 

Under  6  years — 

5to9  years 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 


2,661 


256 


3 
125 
124 


448 


2 

258 

184 

4 


466  I 


4 

267 

187  I 


1 

337 

325 

15 

4 


711 


1 

821 

369 

17 

3 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


398  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

Table  JXl.—School  attendance  by  months,  unth  sex,  age,  and  race — Ckmtinaed. 
CITY  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-Contiiiaed. 


Total. 

1  month 
orleea 

2to3 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Ty)t»l  mftlwf 

1.881 

141 

229 

242 

8b7 

882 

Under  5  yean 

8 
688 
622 
31 

7 

2 

n 

66 
2 

1 

6  to  9  yean 

128 
98 
8 

132 
106 

4 

169 

154 

10 

4 

168 

10  to  14  years 

198 

15  to  17  years 

12 

18  years'and  over 

3 

Total  f emalett  

1,230 

114 

219 

223 

345 

829 

Under 6 years  >. 

8 

640 

667 

14 

1 

1 
54 

68 

1 

2 
180 
86 

1 

4 

135 

81 

2 

1 

:      ,4 

171 
5 

6toV  years 

153 

10  to  14  years 

171 

15  to  17  years 

5 

18  years  and  over   t 

Total  native  white    

1,995 

198 

307 

342 

53tt 

612 

Under  5  years 

10 

1,016 

928 

35 

6 

2 
99 
96 

2 

2 

186 
119 

1 

4 

202 

131 

5 

1 

202 

255 

15 

3 

1 

5  to  9  years 

268 

10  to  14  years 

as 

16  to  17  years 

12 

18  years  and  over 

8 

Native  white  males .  , 

1.024 

107 

155 

176 

200 

326 

Under  5  years 

2 
514 
478 
24 

6 

1 

58 
47 

1 

'9i' 

68 

1 

97' 

76 

4 

129 

118 
10 
3 

1 

6to9  years 

139 

lOtoU  vears ... 

175 

15  to  17  years 

8 

18  yeari^  and  over  

ii 

Native  white  females 

971 

91 

152 

166 

276 

286 

Under  5  years 

8 

502 

450 

11 

1 
41 
48 

1 

2 
94 
66 

4 
105 
56 

1 

1 
133 
137 

5 

5  to  9  years 

12R 

10  to  14  years 

153 

15  to  17  years 

4 

*18  years  and  over 

"^tal  foreis^  white             ... 

27 

5 

6 

1 

9 

7 

Under  5  years - 

5  to  9  years - ^ 

5 

18 
3 

1 

2 
2 
1 

1 
3 

1 

1 

1 
7 

10  to  14  years 

6 

15  to  17  years 

18  yAa.rs  and  over 

1 

1 

Foreign  white  males 

18 

4 

6 

1 

4 

4 

Under  5  years 

6to9  years 

3 
11 
3 

1 

i 

2 

1 

1 
3 

1 

1 

10  to  14  years 

3 

3 

16  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 

1 

PoFAign  white  females 

9 

1 

5 

3 

Under  5  years 

5to9  years 

2 

7 

1 

i 

10  to  14  years 

3 

15  to  17  years 

}R  years  and  over . . 

Total  colored 

539 

52 

136 

122 

187 

92 

Under  5  years 

6  to  9  years 

1 

287 

243 

7 

1 

1 

24 
27 

72 
62 
2 

64 
56 

1 
1 

74 
63 

53 

10  to  14  years 

86 

15  to  17  years 

4 

18  years  and  over 

""    ** 

Colored  males 

289 

80 

69 

66 

78 

62 

Under  5  years 

1 
151 
183 

4 

1 

12 
17 

5to9  years 

86 

82 

1 

34 
31 

40 
83 

29 

lOto  14  years 

20 

15  to  17  years 

8 

18  years  and  over 



Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SCHOOL   ATTENDANCE. 


399 


Tabus  XXL^School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex,  age,  and  race — Continned. 
CITY  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-Contiiiued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  leas. 

2to3 
months. 

4to6 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

260 

2S 

87 

67 

64 

40 

Under  5  yowtix  ^xx 

5  to  9  yours 

136 

110 

3 

1 

12 
10 

36 
30 

1 

30 
26 

I 
1 

84 
30 

24 

ioto  U  years 

15 

15  to  17  Tears              

1 

18  years  and  oyer ................... 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total. 


Under  6  years 

5  to  9  years 

10  tol4  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


Total  males  . 


Under  6  years 

5to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over  . 


Total  females  . 


Under  5  years 

5to9years 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  oyer  . 


Total  native  white. 


Under  5  years 

5to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over  . 

Native  white  males. . . 


Under  5  years 

5to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over. 


Native  white  females. . 


Under  5  years 

5to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over  . 


Total  foreign  white. 


Under  5  years 

5to9year8 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over . 


Foreign  white  males. 


Under  5  years 

5to9year8 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over  . 


4.451 


87 

1.933 

2,317 

147 

17 


2,157 


13 

940 

1,107 

84 

13 


2.294 


24 

993 

1,210 

63 

4 


2,272 


24 

1,022 

1,121 

92 

13 


1,158 


11 

519 

667 

55 

11 


1.119  , 


13 

608  j 
664 

37 
2 


47 


24 


156 


78 


78 


35 


33 


879 


12 

481 

375 

9 

2 


422 


2 
242 

173 
4 

1 


457 


10 

239 

202 

5 

1 


817 


3 

195 

114 

4 

1 


162 


1 

104 

54 

2 

1 


155 


1,053 


7 
461 
666 


519 


4 
223 
270 
22 


534 


3 
238 

286 
6 
1 


1.438 


9 
566 
796 


679 


2 

250 


769 


7 

316 

404 

30 

2 


516 

6 

238 

265 

16 

1 


790 


8 

327 

414 

37 

4 


267 


384 


118  I 
131 
14 


249 


2 

120 

124 

2 

1 


13 


8  ' 


2 
153 
206 
21 

3 


406 


6 
174 


5 

840 

528 

44 

8 


450 


4 

175 

248 

24 

8 


466 


1 

165 

280 

20 


581 


4 
226 
312 
83 

0 


305 


4 

119 

158 

18 

6 

276 


107 
154 
15 


19 


7 
12 


10 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


400 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS    OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXl.^ School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex,  age,  and  race — Ck>ntmaed. 
CITY  OP  SANTIAGO-Contiziiied. 


Total. 


Foreign  white  females  . 


Under  5  years 

6  toQyears 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years 

IS  years  and  oyer . 


Total  colored. 


Under  6  years 

5to9year8 

10  to  U  years 

16  to  17  years 

18  years  and  oyer  . 


Colored  males. 


Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  17  years  

18  years  and  over . 


Colored  females.. 


Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years j»-. 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over 


2,132 


13 

891 

1.170 

54 

4 


980 


2 

411 
687 


1,152 


11 

480 


1  month 
or  less. 


86 


45 


2to8    I     4  to  5    I     6to7 
montha    months,   months. 


554 


267 
4 

1 


258 


624 


1 
216 
296 
12 


244 


1 

138  101 

118  .  136 

1  I  8 


8  mcmthH 
or  more. 


-I- 


296 


145 

139 

8 

1 


280 


1 
115 
100 

4 


648 


378 
26 

1 


96  I 

185  , 

12 


350  I 


1  I 
141 
193  I 

1^  I 
1 


1 
107 
204 
11 

2 


144 


84 
6 
2 


181 


55 

120 
5 


Table  XXlL^Superior  education  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 

CUBA. 


Under  18  years... 
18  and  19  years... 

20vears 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  61  years 

65  years  and  over 

Cuba 


Allc] 


I 


1,363 

916 

499 

2,300 

2,837 

2,626 

4,289 

2,565 

1.212 

551 


^         1 


961 

630 

339 

1,762 

2,228 

2.155 

3,623 

2,173 

1,010 

467 


412 
286 
160 
548 
000 
471 
666 


84 


Native  white.        Foreign  white. 


I 


19,158  15,328  3,830 


1,210 

807 

406 

1,792 

2,001 

1,932 

3,072 

1,716 

791 


867 

651 

273 

1,852 

1,545 

1,658 

2.550 

1.391 

631 

274 


353 
256 
133 
440 
456 
374 
522 

160 
65 


14,065  10,982  3,063 


78  ,   52 


50 

438 
746 
641 
1,128 
817 
405 
201 


4,578  4,016 


64 
46 
363 
632 
660 
1,007 
763 
386 
184 


26 
11 
14 
76 

114 
81 

121 
64 
89 
17 


662 


Colored. 


'3 

I 

fa 


616 


42; 
26 

21  , 
37 

61  I 
37 

66  I 

29  I 
13  I 
9 


19 
18 


16 
23 

4 
3 
2 


330        186 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA 


Under  18  years 

18  and  19  years 

20years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  province... 


697 

433 

227 

1,108 

1,420 

1,243 

1,960 

1,182 

542 

285 


9,097 


173 

886 

1.154 

1,066 

1,600 

1.015 

453 

280 


7,514 


158 
95 
54 
222 
266 
177 
300 
167 
89 
65 


625 

388  I 

188 

906 

1,036 
916 

1,426 
802 
324 
170 


1,583  6,771  5,546 


490 
308 
143 
720 
825 
785 
1,202 
674 
265 
130 


136 
85 
45 
177 
201 
131 
224 
128 
59 
40 


44 

32 
28 
178 
358 
312 
510 
369 
214 
112 


2,157 


31 
28 
23 
146 
306 
209 
440 
331 
186 
97 


1,856 


15 


301 


160  ,    112 


10 
6 
4 
12 
13 
3 
6 
1 
2 


57 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


SUPEBIOB   EDUCATION. 


4ai 


Table  XXJL^Superior  education  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  na/m^y--Continaed. 
PBOVINCB  OP  MATANZAa 


AU  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

i 

1 

& 

1 

1 

9 

i 

1 

6 

1 

1 

& 

Under  18  yean 

1»  and  19  years 

^years 

202 
146 
67 
318 
862 

583 
848 
183 
72 

121 
84 
32 
220 
238 
238 
467 
276 
149 
62 

81 
62 
36 
96 

123 
94 

116 
72 
34 
10 

190 
133 

67 
246 
271 
250 
436 
240 
124 

45 

113 
75 
27 
164 
174 
179 
33'^ 
176 
94 
35 

77 
57 
30 
82 
97 
80 
101 
64 
30 
10. 

7 
8 
7 

66 
83 
69 
142 
107 
57 
27 

6 
7 
4 

55 
63 
58 
129 
99 
63 
27 

1 
1 
3 
11 
20 
11 
13 
8 
4 

5 
6 
3 
6 

8 
4 
6 
1 
2 

2 
2 

1 
1 
2 
1 
3 
1 
2 

8 
i 

■2 

2i  to  24  years 

5 

3B5  to  29  years 

0 

30  to  3i  years ...... 

8 

35  to  44  years      - . 

2 

45  to  54  years 

65to64year8 

66  years  and  over 

The  province... 

2,613 

1,888 

725 

2,000 

1,372 

628 

573 

601 

72 

40 

15 

25 

PROVINCE  OP  PINAR  DEL  BIO. 


Under  18  years 

18  and  19  years 

20years ........  .. 

46 
24 
20 
92 
118 
110 
167 
121 
42 
16 

34 
12 
19 
72 
100 
94 
134 
112 
39 
16 

12 
12 
1 

20 
18 
16 
23 
9 
3 

42 
21 
19 
84 
94 
84 
122 
68 
29 
6 

30 
10 
18 
65 
80 
72 
101 
62 
26 
6 

12 
11 
1 

19 
14 

21 
6 
3 

2 
2 

2 

1 

...... 

2 
1 

1 
2 

2 

1 
1 
1 
2 

2i  io  24  years 

7 
22 
26 
34 
62 
13 
11 

6 
18 
22 
32 
49 
13 
11 

1 
4 

4 
2 
3 

25  to  29  years.. ... 

30  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years ...... 

1 
1 

1 
1 

46  to54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over .... 

The  province... 

746 

632 

114 

668 

469 

99 

169 

164 

15 

9 

9 



PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Under  18  years 

18  and  19  years 

SOyears 

89 

68 

38 

187 

184 

198 

840 

205 

132 

46 

61 
88 
25 
141 
144 
148 
278 
169 
106 
43 

38 
25 
13 
46 
40 
60 
62 
36 
27 
3 

81 
60 
29 
130 
118 
146 
250 
139 
100 
34 

48 

35 

19 

92 

87 

108 

196 

105 

76 

31 

33 
25 
10 
38 
31 
43 
54 
34 
24 
3 

6 
3 
7 

62 
69 
45 
86 
66 
32 
10 

2 
3 
4 
44 
61 
38 
79 
64 
29 
10 

4 

2 

1 

1 

3 
8 
8 
7 
7 
2 
3. 

2 
6 

7 
7 

4 

2 
6 
6 

7 
3 

2ito24  years 

25  to  29  y^ars ..... 

1 

a0to34  years 

a6to44  years 

i 

4&to64  years 

66to64  years 

66  years  and  over 

2 

2 

The  province... 

1,488 

1,142 

340 

1,087 

792 

295 

366 

384 

42 

29 

28 

3 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Under  18  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

99 
74 
51 
245 
3U2 
290 
486 
260 
114 
66 

60 
67 
30 
181 
260 
250 
441 
227 
108 
52 

30 
17 
21 
64 
62 
40 
45 
33 
11 
4 

89 

69 

88 

184 

216 

214 

837 

160 

77 

37 

65 
55 
21 
131 
182 
181 
306 
138 
67 
33 

24 

14 
17 
53 
34 
3? 
31 

10 

4 

2 
2 

8 
68 
74 
69 
138 
95 
34 
19 

1 
6 
47 
63 
65 
128 
66 
33 
19 

2 

1 
2 
11 
11 
4 
10 
9 
1 

8 
3 
6 
3 

12 
7 

11 
5 
3 

4 

1 
3 
3 
5 
4 
7 
3 
3 

4 
2 
2 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

7 

30tod4  years 

3 

85  to  44  years 

4 

45to54  years 

2 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

, 

The  province.. 

1,977 

1,660 

317 

1.421 

1,179 

242 

499 

448 

51 

57 

33 

2* 

24662 26 


Digitized  by  LaOOQlC 


402  BEPOBT   ON    THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXII. — Superior  education  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Contiiiiied. 

PBOVTNCB  OP  SANTIAGO. 


Under  18  years 

18  and  lU  years 

20  years 

ato«4  years 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  oyer  — 

TheproYince... 


All 


I 


230 
176 

96 
860 
461 
463 
763 
449 
199 

76 


3,243- 


187 
101 

60 
252 
341 
359 
643 
874 
16] 

64 


Native  white. 


75 
86 
98 

110 
94 

120 
75 
38 
12 


2,492  ,    751 


i 

a 


183 

in 

137 

73 

75 

45 

242 

171 

276 

197 

313 

2:» 

501 

410 

806 

236 

137 

103 

48 

40 

2,218 

1.624 

594 


Foreign  white. 


17 

11 

18 

14 

9 

8 

77 

66 

150 

m 

120 

108 

218 

199 

128 

124 

55 

52 

22 

20 

814 

m, 

81 


Colored. 


o       "3 


30 

15 

21 

14 

12 

7 

31 

15 

25 

13 

20 

13 

44 

84 

15 

14 

6  . 

6 

4  : 

211  ,    135 

I 


1$ 
7 
5 

16 

12 
7 

10 
1 
1 
2 


CITY  OP  HABANA. 


Under  18  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

585 
364 
185 
896 

1.133 
908 

1,525 
920 
436 
245 

454 
286 
137 

131 

78 
48 

525 
327 
151 
725 
798 
715 
1,0Q7 
604 
242 
145 

413 
257 
111 
590 
662 
604 
896 
508 
200 
108 

112 
70 
40 
135 
146 

in 

181 
96 
42 
37 

39 
27 
28 
150 
303 
204 
425 
306 
190 
97 

27 

i 

121 
259 
226 
364 
275 
164 
84 

12 
4 
4 
29 
44 
38 
61 
31 
26 
13 

21 
10 
8 

21 
32 
14 
23 
10 
4 
3 

14 
6 
4 
11 
21 
11 
17 
9 
2 
3 

7 

4 
4 

21  to  24  years.. -... 

722 
932 

174 

201 

10 

25  to  29  years 

U 

80  to  34  years...... 

841 

1,277 

792 

366 

152 

248 
128 
70 

8 

85to44vears      

6 

46  to  54  years 

1 

65  to  64  years 

2 

65  years  and  over  .... 

195  !      50 

The  city 

7,282 

6,002 

1,280 

5,309 

4,839 

970 

1,827 

1.565 

262 

146 

96 

48 

CITY  OP  MATANZAS. 


Under  18  years... 
18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years — 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

The  city — 


106 
79 
82 
166 
169 
140 
253 
157 
106 
32 


1,240 


63 
44 

11 
108 
107 

98 
196 
114 

82 

29 


852 


102 
74 
29 

121 

in 

96 
188 
117 
77 
17 


61 
39 
10 
75 
64 
66 
139 
79 
56 
14 


608 


294 


244 


50 


CITY  OP  PUEBTO  PBINCIPE. 


Under  18  years... 
18  and  19  years... 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

The  city — 


77 
44 
24 

109 
99 
118 
206 
125 


924 


43 
25 
16 
81 
66 
81 
158 
94 
70 
28 


662 


70 
42 

18 
86 
81 
101 
167 
97 
73 
20 


755 


40 
23 
12 
63 
54 
64 
122 
66 
52 
19 


515 


240 


148 


128 


20 


21 


i         1 


19 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


403 


Table  XXIL— 5tfp«rior  education  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continned. 

CITY  OP  CIENPXJEG08. 


AH  classes. 

Native  white. 

Forei«m  white. 

Colored. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

£ 

1 

■| 

& 

i 

1 

Under  18  years 

18  and  19  years 

20years  ...........  . 

24 
9 
11 
67 
67 
58 
85 
53 
16 
14 

21 
8 
9 
41 
62 
48 
72 
42 
16 
14 

8 
1 
2 
16 
16 
10 
IB 
11 

24 

9 
8 
42 
46 
88 
68 
29 
8 
8 

21 
8 
7 

30 
38 
81 
51 
23 
8 
8 

3 

1 
1 

12 
8 
7 
7 
6 

2 
15 
17 
16 
25 
22 
6 
6 

1 

11 
14 
15 
20 
18 
6 
8 

1 
4 
8 
1 
5 
4 

1 

1  : 

2ilo24  years 

25  to29  years ..... 

4 

4 
2 
2 
2 

i 
1 

2 

4 

80  to  34  years 

2 

86 to 44  years    .  ..... 

1 

45  to  64  years 

1 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  — 

The  dty 

394 

323 

71 

270 

225 

46 

109 

91 

18 

16 

7 

8 

CITY  OP  SANTIAGO. 


Under  18  years 

18  and  19  years 

20years...^ 

21  to  24  years 

142 
99 
60 
187 
284 
224 
896 
249 
116 
46 

92 
68 
82 
124 
166 
173 
325 
20S 
87 
37 

50 
46 
18 
63 
68 
61 
71 
47 
29 
9 

117 

n 

38 
132 
141 
164 
273 
181 
87 
28 

77 
36 
23 
84 
93 
111 
221 
136 
62 
23 

40 
41 
15 
48 
48 
43 
52 
45 
26 
5 

8 
9 
5 
41 
80 
59 
96 
61 
23 
12 

5 
9 
4 
34 
66 
54 
85 
60 
20 
10 

3 
...... 

7 
14 
6 
13 
1 
3 
2 

17 
13 
7 
14 
13 
11 
25 
7 
6 
6 

10 
8 
6 
6 
7 
8 

19 
6 
6 
4 

7 
6 
2 
8 

25  to  29  years 

6 

80  to  34  vears 

3 

85to44  years ...... 

6 

45  to  54  vears  . . 

1 

66  to  64  years 

1 

aSyears'and  over.... 

2 

The  city 

1,748 

1,291 

462 

1,228 

866 

862 

896 

847 

49 

119 

78 

41 

Table  XXI  IT. — Orand  groups  of  occupations, 

CUBA. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Provinces; 


Habana 

City  of  Habana . 

Matanzas -. 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe — 
Santa  Clara.... — 
Santiago 


Cuba 1,672,797 


Total. 


424,804 
235,981 
202,444 
173,064 
88,234 
356,536 
327,716 


Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 

mining. 


31.988 
715 
50,801 
48,607 
17,058 
81,951 


299.197 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


30,715 
31,351 
9,407 
4,432 
3,004 
13.599 
9,270 


79,427 


Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


42,991 
SU913 
10,992 
3.685 
8,704 
16,817 
14,896 


93,084 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 


4,563 

3,655 

988 

890 

359 

1,409 

1,028 


8,736 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


64,714 
hO,S66 
13,105 
10,699 
7,697 
80,886 
14,885 


141,936 


240,843 
li7,9Hl 
117,148 
105.202 
66,412 
211,924 
218,938 


950,467 


TOTAL  MALES. 


221,990 
m,S53 
103,726 
91,688 
44,899 
189,067 
163,845 

81.944 
703 
46,496 
48.552 
17,030 
80,866 
67,443 

30,440 
31,135 
9,339 
4,390 
2,954 
13,503 
9,140 

38,033 
S8, 187 
9,532 
8,313 
2,983 
16,160 
12,991 

3,820 
3,091 
767 
359 
292 
1,069 
789 

46,377 
t6,79U 
5,587 
7,360 
4,093 
22,190 
10,162 

62,376 

City  of  Habana 

S3,Sh8 

Matonzas 

Plnardel  Bio — . 

32.005 
27.714 

Puerto  PrinciDe... 

17,547 

Santa  Clara 

66,269 

Bantii^go ........... r.  , 

63.3^ 

Cuba 

815,205 

292,331 

78,766 

82,012 

7,006 

96,769 

259,231 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


404 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXHL — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Coiitiniied. 

CUBA—Contlnaed. 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 

[FifiTores  In  italic  are  incladed  in  those  for  the  prorlnoe  or  district.] 


ProYinoes. 


Total. 


Agricul- 
ture, 

flsheriea, 
and 

mining. 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Mann- 
factnr- 
ing  and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
serviee. 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


Habana  

City  of  Habana 

Mfttrftny-i^t 

Pinarde\Rio 

Puerto  Principe . . . 

SanU  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


202.814 
lit.  Its 
98,718 
81,376 
43.335 
187,479 
163.870 


757,692 


44 

275 

It 

tie 

4,308 

88 

145 

42 

28 

50 

1,085 

98 

1,256 

130 

4.958 
S,7t6 
1,460 
322 
T21 
1,657 
1,904 


733 

221 
40 
67 

340 


18.837 
15,57f 
7,518 
3,339 
8,604 
8.646 
4,723 


6.866 


661  I      11,0 


1,640 


46.167 


17B.487 
94,639 
85.143 
77,488 
88.866 
155,866 
156.818 


891,236 


TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Habana 

City  of  Habana . 

Matanzas 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 


243,619 
115,532 
102,682 
114.907 
66,349 
214,945 
167,797 


Cuba I    910,299 


21,124 
t9U 
20,212 
31,857 
12,496 
45,847 
35,424 


186,980 


11.500 
7,951 
8,824 
1.787 
1,861 
6,776 
4,506 


20,434 


19,600 
1S,1S5 
5.115 
1,717 
1,754 
7,565 
4.083 


89,684 


8,065 

t,S66 


245 
967 
715 


5.960 


21.006 
8,97t 
8,069 
4,429 
4.140 

10,288 
4,209 


47.221 


167,264 

fi9,8S4 
80.780 
74,88d 
45,868 
144,502 
118,880 


821,060 


NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


"P^l^Hf^. 

Oity  of  Habana 

Matanzas 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe .  - . 

SanU  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


116,888 
6t,9'iO 
60,324 
68.673 
32,575 

106, 7n 


447,373 


21,104 
S9t 
20,080 
81,774 
12,473 
45,606 
35,240 


166,277 


11.484 

7,81*5 
8.800 

i,n8 

1,832 
6,747 

4,568 


20,218 


17,700 
11,998 
4,454 
1,542 
1,260 
6,682 
8,420 


35,067 


2,544 
t,001 
408 
263 
190 
687 
608 


4,680 


18,942 
7,8St 
2,109 
8,888 
2,46e 
8.644 


39,123 


46.084 
9t,97i 
10,284 
19,868 
14,860 
80.406 
86.068 


173,008 


NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Habana 

128,781 
6t,59t 
52.358 
56.334 
33,774 

108. 174 
85,505 

20 
t 
132 
83 
23 
241 
184 

108 
86 
15 
9 
29 
29 
28 

1.800 
1,137 
661 
176 
485 
883 
613 

611 
S6$ 

185 
82 
66 

280 
207 

2.154 
l,Vd> 

860 
1,086 
1.688 
1,844 

686 

122,100 

City  of  Habana 

59, set 

Matanzas        

60.606 

Pinar  del  Rio 

54  060 

Puerto  Principe 

^404 

Santa  Clara 

106.007 

Santiago , . ,  . 

88,787 

Cuba 

462,926 

683 

216 

4,617 

1,270 

8.098 

448,042 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Habana 

City  of  Habana 

Matanzas 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe... 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


68,  on 

5t,901 
15,235 
10,718 
4.088 
20,823 
13,313 


142.008 


4,076 
f74 
4,700 
5,306 
1,455 
11,341 
4,392 


31,270 


25,536 
tl,Ut 
4,104 
2,234 
928 
6.248 
8,318 


42,368 


8.932 
7.515 
1.438 
592 
327 
2.388 
1,026 


14,708 


1,245 

J,  074 

242 

90 

86 

842 

210 


2,232 


18,847 
10,79t 
1,106 
088 
640 
4,446 

2,no 


23,isBn: 


16.886 
11,8S7 
8.846 

1.4W 

808 

6.066 

2,148 


28,288 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


405 


Table  XXUL—Orand  groups  of  occupations— Contimied. 

CUBA  -Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 

pngures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


ProTinces. 


Total. 


Agricul- 
ture, 

fisheries, 
and 

mining. 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Mann- 
factur- 
ing  and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


Profes- 
sional 
servioe. 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


HalMna 

OityofHabana 

Matanzas . .... . 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe ... 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


64,162 
kU190 
11,850 
9.447 
8,499 
25,838 
11,446 


4,074 
«7f 
4,684 
6,802 
1.463 
11,322 
4,379 


26,388 

4.089 

2,204 

937 

6.207 


8,674 

7,t90 

1,413 

685 

819 

2.361 

996 


1,042 
891 
216 
92 
76 
806 
207 


12,666 

9,&i9 

967 

964 

672 

4.812 

2,184 


116.740 


81,214 


42,123 


14.847 


1,987 


21,484 


2,419 
U80U 
492 
810 
162' 
829 
433 


4,636 


FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Hahana 

City  of  Habana 

Matftpy-iMi .. 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe- 
Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


14,800 
11,711 
8.386 
1.271 
639 
4.487 
1,867 


26,368 


66 


138 
108 
16 
80 
1 

41 
20 


246 


26 

7 

8 

27 

81 


866 


206 

183 
27 
7 
9 
87 
12 


296 


1,292 
1,168 
149 
34 
68 
184 
76 


1,768 


12,916 
10,088 
8.153 
1,189 
451 
4,229 
1,715 


TOTAL  COLORED. 


Habana............ 

City  of  Habana 

Matanzas 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe... 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


112,214 
67,51*8 
84,627 
47,439 
17,847 
111,768 
146,605 


620,400 


6,788 

26,892 
11,564 

3,ior 

24.763 

28,883 


100,967 


2,589 
2,008 
1,479 
411 
215 
1,575 
1,866 


7,625 


14,660 
11,966 
4,439 
1,326 
1.623 
6,864 
9,836 


38,647 


268 

tl5 
63 
16 
29 

100 
94 


654 


20,771 
90,609 
8,940 
6,282 
2,917 
16,102. 
8,466 


71,478 


68,264 

88,810 
48,714 
28,871 
9,956 
62,364 
97,970 


801,129 


COLORED  MALES. 


Habana  r.    ^....-         .r.  ^ 

60,990 
99,198 
41.652 
23,668 
8,825 
66,960 
70,107 

6,766 

189 

21.732 

11.476 

8.104 
23,938 
27,824 

2,568 
1,986 
1,441 
408 
195 
1,649 
1.274 

11.660 
8,899 
8,666 
1.186 
1,395 
6,117 
8,576 

284 
199 
64 
14 
26 

n 

74 

14,880 
9,838 
2,431 
8,0i3 
1,069 
9,234 
4,505 

14,893 

City  of  Habana 

8,579 

12,229 

Pinardel  Rio 

7.641 

Puerto  Principe 

8,036 

Santa  Clara 

16,0% 

Hantiaffo ,  

27,854 

Cuba 

262,092 

94,840 

7,426 

32,506 

479 

36.162 

81,688 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Habana 

61,224 

38,kao 

42,976 
23,m 
9,022 
64,818 
76,498 

22 

8 

4,160 

58 

3 

826 

1,060 

81 
99 
38 
8 
20 
26 
82 

2,900 
9,867 
774 
140 
228 
747 
1,260 

6,049 

19 

16 
9 
1 
8 
28 
20 

14,891 
11,969 
6.609 
2.239 
1.848 
6.868 
8,961 

48,361 

City  of  Habana 

9lt,7S8 

Matanzas ... 

81.485 

PInar  del  Rio 

21.330 

Puerto  Princii)e 

6.{«0 

Santa  Clara 

46,329 

f^ntlairo.... ............ 

70,116 

Cuba 

288,306 

6,127 

2UU 

76 

86,316 

219.641 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


406 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIV. 


Province  op  Habaka. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 
[Fi^rnroB  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Aflraacate 

AlquiKar 

Bainoa 

Batabano 

Banta 

Bejacal 

Cano 

Casiarnas 

Catalina 

Ceibadel  Agna 

Qnanabacoa 

City  of  GuanaJbacoa 

Guara 

Qnines 

Guira  de  Helena 

Habana 

Cityof  Habana 

Islade  Finos 

Jamco 

Madruga 

Managua 

Maranao .......% 

MelenadelSur 

NuevaPaz 

Pipian 

QuiTican 

Regla 

flaUid 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas .. . 
San  Antonio  de  los  Bancs... 

San  Felipe 

Sau  Jose  de  lasLajas 

San  Nicolas 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario — 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

VeredaNueva.. 


The  province 424,804  I     31,968 


Agricul- 
ture, 

Total. 

flsheries. 

and  min- 

ing. 

3,163 

461 

8,746 

2,300 

1,725 

545 

6,523 

1,105 

5,142 

1,647 

5,766 

601 

4,210 

1,296 

1,004 

168 

2,718 

607 

2.107 

608 

20,060 

1,770 

15,965 

19 

1,835 

871 

11,304 

2,101 

11,648 

2,846 

242,065 

1,441 

S35,981 

716 

3,199 

408 

4,076 

913 

3,744 

608 

2,887 

707 

8,693 

723 

3,207 

684 

7,761 

1,181 

1,101 

243 

2,423 

416 

11,363 

11 

3,293 

930 

1.856 

468 

12,631 

2,200 

1,915 

176 

4,154 

466 

4,568 

850 

2,965 

761 

2,730 

660 

10,276 

917 

1,661 

246 

2,416 

591 

Trade 

and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


128 
241 

36 
770 
164 
289 
106 

19 

68 

76 

1,117 

9S6 

32 
468 
390 
31,609 
S1,SS1 
140 
137 
107 

66 
706 

93 

217 

6 

62 
1,065 

70 

29 
506 

67 
151 
127 

54 
109 
473 

27 

43 


39,715 


Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 

mechan- 
ical in 

dustries. 


113 

345 

79 

258 

92 

670 

118 

9 

58 

72 

1.709 

1,605 

6T 

617 

460 

82,251 

51,915 

84 

152 

107 

86 

674 

116 

200 

4 

85 

1,226 

T6 

45 

1,223 

67 

161 

142 

40 

65 

1,580 

21 

43 


Profes- 
sional 
seryloe. 


,  Domee- 

I  tic  and 


Without 
gainful 


uc  and  gainful 
personal  occupa- 
service.      tion. 


12  I 
16 
8 

27 

26 

16  ' 

3 

11 

8 

246 

tft 

8 

56 

80 

8,706 

5,656 

9 

24 

7 

7 

77 

6 

21 


42,901  I       4,668 


619 
880 
207 
580 
205 
561 
247 
239 
338 
107 

2,816 

S,501 
168 

1.356 

1,162 
41,689 
W,566 
6(7 
950 
421 
285 

1,668 
850 

1,251 
243 
263 

1,973 
248 
HI 

1,424 
393 
710 
874 
383 
227 

1,216 
849 
800 


64.714 


1.930 
5,014 

855 
8,788 
8.095 
8.720 
2,428 

666 
1,666 
1.831 
12,423 
8,68U 
1,214 
6,894 
6.661 
131.350 
lt7,981 
1,916 
2.400 
2.404 
1,746 
4,821 
1,949 
4,891 

606 
1,593 
7,068 
1.966 
1.197 
7,231 
1.206 
2,660 
2.665 
1,721 
l,6n 
6,040 

906 
1,436 


240.848 


TOTAL  MALES. 


Aguacate 

Alquizar 

Bainoa 

Bataban6 

Bauta 

Bejucal 

Cano 

Casiguas 

Catalina 

CeibadelAgua 

Guanabacoa 

City  of  Ouanabacoa 

Guara 

Gttines 

Guira  de  Melena 

Habana 

Cityof  Habana 

Islade  Finos 

Jaruco 

Madruga 

Managua 

Marianao 

Melena  del  Sur 

NuevaPaz 

Pipian 

Qoiyidin 


1,640 

4,814 

958 
3,600 
2,837 
2,738 
2,340 

561 
1,353 
1,174 
9,805 
6,629 

925 
5,?^ 
6,486 
128,775 
1£S,S58 
1,782 
2,152 
1,807 
1,549 
4.582 
1,650 
3,834 

582 
1,236 


461 

2,298 

544 

1,106 

1,647 

601 

1,296 

168 

589^ 

607 

1,770 

19 

371 

2.098 

2,846 

1,428 

703 

408 

912 

608 

707 

718 

683 

1,181 

243 

416 


128 

112 

10 

477 

462 

237 

305 

14 

576 

1,884 

36 

30 

2 

05 

251 

767 

254 

20 

488 

966 

164 

91 

7 

160 

768 

288 

665 

22 

460 

8S 

106 

116 

13 

208 

002 

19 

9 

2 

198 

165 

68 

48 

8 

314 

836 

74 

67 

2 

75 

}(40 

1,110 

1,386 

211 

1,998 

8.836 

951 

l,t88 

191 

1,750 

$,550 

32 

67 

2 

151 

812 

465 

479 

62 

1,078 

1.658 

389 

466 

26 

902 

1.868 

31.392 

28,521 

8,128 

28,024 

84,282 

51, 1S5 

28,187 

5,091 

26, 79U 

59,54S 

138 

84 

7 

614 

536 

135 

124 

20 

317 

644 

lor 

107 

7 

373 

515 

66 

82 

6 

240 

458 

702 

694 

66 

1.158 

1.856 

91 

96 

6 

288 

487 

214 

187 

14 

1.021 

1.^ 

6 

4 
81 

242 
286 

86 

62 

3 

488 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


407 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 


Province  of  Habana— Continned. 

TOTAL  MALES-Contlnued. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  indaded  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Total. 


Affricnl- 

tare, 

fisheries, 

andmin 

ing. 


Trade 

and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Mann- 
factur- 
ing  and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


R«gla 

SaRd 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas 

8an  Antonio  de  loa  Banos . 

San  Felipe 

San  JoeddelasLajas 

8anNicol4s 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . . 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

VeredaNueva 

The  province 


5.766 
1,787 

051 
6,631 

«t9 
2,040 
2.543 
1,608 
1,410 
5,270 

849 
1,297 


11 
990 
467 
2,194 
175 
466 
860 
761 
669 
916 
245 
501 


1,090 
70 
29 
493 
66 
151 
127 
54 

106  I 

468 

27 

43 


1,107 
73 
44 

1,061 
60 
160 
124 
36 
52 

1.318 
20 
43 


1.075 
236 
96 
981 
807 
675 
686 
312 
314 
906 


221,990 


31,944 


30,440  I      38,0 


3,820 


46,877 


1.804 
476 
812 

1.800 
832 
686 
748 
430 
870 

1,617 
230 


62,376 


TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Aguacate 

Alqnizar 

BiOnoa 

Bataban6 

Banta 

Bejucal 

Cano 

Casiguas 

Catalina 

CeibadelAgna 

Quanabacoa 

City  of  OuanabcLcoa . . 

Guara 

GCiines -• 

Ouira  de  Melena 

Habana 

Cituof  Habana 

iBladePmos 

Jaruco 

Madruga 

Managua ...-.- .. 

Marianao 

Melena  del  Sur 

NuevaPaz 

Plpian 

Quivic4n 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos 

San  Felipe 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

SanNicolAs 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

.Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

VeredaNueva 

The  province 


1,628 
3,932 

767 
2,923 
2.306 
8,018 
1.870 

443 

1.365 

1,023 

10,275 

7,45tf 

910 
5,669 
6,062 
115,280 
llS,7t3 
1,417 
1.924 
1,937 
1.338 
4,011 
1,667 
3,927 

519 
1,187 
5.508 
1,506 

904 
6,000 

976 
2,114 
2,025 
1,362 
1,320 
6,006 

702 
1.119 


202,814 


44 


3 

1 

217 

S16 

2 

2 


276 


316 


13 
3,730 
5,72C 


4 

119 


1 

162 

7 

1 

18 
4 
3 
202 
1 


4,058 


2 
2 
1 

7 

2 

3 

8 

1 

3 

1 

34 

SI 

1 

6 

6 

678 

56U 

2 

4 


1 


733 


42 

264 

112 
92 
46 

101 
88 
41 
24 
33 

823 

751 
7 

278 

250 

13,666 

IS, 579 

33 

133 
48 
46 

435 
71 

230 

1 

27 

208 
12 
16 

443 
86 
86 

188 
71 
13 

306 
25 
14 


18,837 


1.478 
3,630 

604 
2,817 
2,267 
2.886 
1,820 

401 
1.320 

062 
9.088 
6.554 

902 
6,341 
4,793 
87,077 
9h,6SS 
1.880 
1.760 
1,889 
1.288 
8.460 
1.462 
3.674 

618 
1.154 
6.164 
1.490 

886 
6,871 

876 
2.075 
a.  816 
1,285 
1,301 
4,423 

670 
1,104 


178.407 


TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


A     acate 

1,067 
6,472 
1271 
4,131 
3,625 
4,462 
3,328 

201 
1,432 
368 
686 
1,064 
330 
935 

66 
97 
22 

269 
77 

126 
67 

69 
185 

61 
137 

43 
454 

80 

8 
15 

3 
20 

8 
19 
14 

196 
184 
148 
308 
131 
466 
U4 

1.068 

A^nizar 

8,660 

688 

Bataban6 

2,710 

Bauta 

Bejucal 

2,312 
8,008 

Cano 

2,128 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


408 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS  OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  of  Habana— Gontiniied. 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE-Continned. 
[Fignres  in  italios  are  included  in  those  for  the  prorinoe  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Casigiias 

Catelina 

CeibadelAgoa 

Qaanabacoa 

City  of  Ouanabaeoa . .. 

Ouara 

GUines 

Qairade  Helena 

Habana ■ 

Cityof  Habana 

IsIadeTinos 

Jamco 

Hadragft 

Managua 

Harianao 

Helena  del  6ar 

Naeva  Paz 

Pipian 

Qulvic&n 

Reela 

SaJRid 

8an  Antonio  de  las  Vegas. 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos. 

San  Felipe 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

San  Nicolas 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . . 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

VeredaNueya 


The  province 243,619 


Total. 


Agricnl 
tnre, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 


4,390 
962 
l.n2 
7,493 
2,874 
1.465 
9,377 
1.209 
2,965 
2,797 
1.705 
2,002 
7.160 
1,2S0 
2,142 


106 
396 
446 

1,281 

15 

256 

1,334 

1,791 
754 
f9U 
255 
651 
435 
493 
464 
436 
765 
163 
303 
3 
746 
8i6 

1,449 
142 
287 
532 
479 
457 
580 
153 
513 


21,124 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta* 
tion. 


10 

29 

43 

665 

Uf>S 

11 

191 

150 

8.027 

7,9Sl 

78 

79 

41 

31 

286 

40 

89 


27 
425 
41 
12 
252 
27 
98 
60 
27 
62 
161 
12 
27 


11,590 


Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical  in- 
dustries. 


5 

47 

45 

768 

6$S 

87 

m 

250 
13,312 
IS,  135 
67 
69 
54 
47 

308 
71 

111 

4 

56 

721 
60 
84 

908 
35 
94 
64 
21 
29 

960 
13 
89 


19,600 


Profes- 
sional 
serrioe. 


1 

179 

169 

2 

44 

20 

2.895 

t,S06 

6 

22 

5 

5 

63 

6 

19 


Domes-  '  Witboot 


tic  and 
personal 
serrice. 


3,065 


142 
252 
74 
1,321 
UOkU 
155 
538 
385 
9.656 
8,972 
468 
280 
219 
255 
411 
102 
415 
235 
138 
938 
243 
56 
786 
164 
459 
388 
141 
197 
665 
809 
231 


21,096 


gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


1,806 
1,137 
9,041 
B,9S0 
S35 
4,708 
«,776 
85.670 

1.616 
1,943 
1.668 
1.437 
8,296 
1,19S 
2.991 

560 
1,243 
5,368 
1.778 
1,013 
5,941 

831 
2,016 
1,815 
1,081 
1.251 
4.768 

761 
1,389 


167.254 


NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Agnacate 

Alquizar 

Bafnoa 

Bataban6 

Bauta 

Bejucal 

Cano 

Casiguas 

Catalina 

Ceibadel  Agua 

Ouanabaeoa 

City  of  Ouanabaeoa 

Ouara 

Ottines 

Ouira  de  Helena 

Habana 

Cityof  Habana 

IsladePinos 

Jaruco 

Had  ruga 

Hanagua 

Harianao 

Helena  del  Snr 

NuevaPaz 

Pipian 

Quivic&n 

Begla 

Salud -r-v-vv 

San  Antonio  de  las  Veeas ... 
San  Antonio  de  las  Bancs... 

Ban  Felipe 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

SanNiGol48 


826 

201 

66 

68 

6 

175 

2,837 

1,431 

95 

168 

18 

150 

600 

368 

22 

17 

2 

90 

2,003 

686 

269 

134 

14 

283 

1,932 

1,064 

n 

48 

7 

118 

2,049 

339 

125 

446 

17 

439 

1,735 

935 

57 

80 

11 

109 

871 

106 

10 

5 

1 

131 

086 

393 

29 

88 

5 

249 

897 

448 

43 

41 

1 

64 

6,807 

1,281 

563 

649 

146 

1,197 

5,757 

IS 

1*57 

586 

ISt 

95U 

692 

255 

11 

87 

2 

151 

8,379 

1,332 

189 

251 

39 

478 

8,907 

1,791 

149 

246 

16 

340 

55,193 

751 

7,941 

12,173 

2.019 

8,502 

5t,9kO 

t9t 

7,BU5 

11,998 

g,001 

7,«Sf 

1,309 

265 

77 

67 

5 

464 

1,574 

651 

n 

51 

19 

257 

1,100 

435 

41 

54 

5 

198 

1,206 

493 

81 

45 

4 

240 

2,307 

468 

284 

276 

43 

817 

941 

435 

89 

60 

5 

88 

2,100 

765 

89 

109 

18 

890 

485 
872 

168 
808 

4 
53 

236 
184 

27 

3 

8,512 

8 

423. 

680 

36 

872 

1,624 

746 

41 

60 

2 

236 

717 

345 

12 

88 

3 

51 

4,701 

1.444 

248 

789 

37 

670 

688 

141 

27 

29 

7 

148 

1,367 

287 

03 

94 

13 

448 

1,487 

532 

50 

57 

6 

802 

240 

980 

191 

TO? 

633 

683 

543 

118 

27B 

800 

2,471 

IMS 

286 

1.090 

1.365 

23,807 

SS,97S 

451 

519 

867 

393 

925 

314 

743 

83 

362 

1,498 

439 

273 

1,513 

286 

432 

640 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


409 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  op  Habana— Contiiined. 

NATIVE  WHTTK  MALES— Oonttnned. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  In  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agrtcul- 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and  min- 

ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Boeario 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

924 
1.029 

667 
1,U9 

479 
467 
680 
163 
518 

27 
62 
161 
12 
27 

20 
27 
766 
18 
80 

4 
6 
80 
2 
2 

118 
101 
681 
295 
231 

276 

286 

1.289 

192 

VeredaNuera 

807 

The  province 

U6.888 

21,104 

11.484 

17,700 

2,544 

18,942 

45.064 

NATIVE  WHTTB  FEliALES. 


Amuizar 

841 
2,635 

581 
2,088 
1,693 
2,413 
1,598 

296 
1,064 

851 
6,848 

708 
8.718 
8.466 
64,628 
6t,69t 
1,171 
1,470 
1,828 
1.062 
2,451 

906 
2,281 

477 

900 
8,961 
1,860 

748 
4,676 

621 
1,508 
1.810 

781 

973 
8,754 

583 
1,023 

1 

17 
44 

8 

2 

2 
1 
6 
1 
2 
8 
1 
8 

20 
84 
58 

20 
18 
17 
5 

"a 

90 

4 

60 

45 

1,156 

1,U0 

4 

28 

21 

15 

94 

14 

25 

818 

1 

2 

2.679 

478 

Bataban6  

S,0QO 

Bauta.fc 

1,679 

Bejucf^l 

1 

8 

S,885 

Cano ...r.  _..,.. 

1,585 

284 

Osftiguas . 

Ot#i<n*, 

5 

9 
4 

114 

109 

1,034 

CeibadelAffua 

©7 

2 

1 

83 
SO 

6^570 
699 

Ouara 

amines 

2 

2 

1 

86 

86 

1 

2 

26 

4 

1,139 

1,137 

5 
4 

376 

365 
1 
3 

8,618 

Guirade  Melena 

8  411 

Habana 

3 
f 

81,863 

Cityp/Habana 

59,86S 

Islade  jFinos # 

1,165 

Jaruco 

18 

1,424 

Madruga 

1.802 

Manairua...... ,,.„,.. 

2 
38 
11 

2 

1 

20 

1 

6 

1.044 

M<^«ii^v)^ 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2,301 

Melena  del  Sur 

878 

Nueva  Paz 

2.248 

Pipian 

477 

Quivic4n w 

Regla 

6 
41 

2 
12 
4 

1 
4 
8 
8 
2 
2 

4 
66 

7 

5 
116 
16 
11 
26 
28 

6 
84 
14 

2,154 

891 

2 

8.800 

sSud  ........ ."...-.: 

1^ 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vejras.... 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos . ... 
San  Felipe 

1 
5 
1 



1 

119 

6 

740 

4 

4.428 
605 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

1,584 

San  NicolAff        .  ' 

7 

1 

2 

186 

1.275 

Santa  Cms  del  Norte 

755 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario   .    . 

965 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

6 

8,470 

669 

Vereda  Nueva..... 

i 

1,022 

The  province - 

126,781 

20 

106 

1,800 

5U 

122,190 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHTTB. 


205 

883 

74 

878 

440 

416 

896 

28 

152 

170 

1.484 

1,091 

89 

833 

62 
283 

41 
175 
218 

62 

178 

9 

68 

76 

218 

S 

83 
294 

55 
Ul 

12 
456 

80 
149 

47 
9 

27 

29 
485 
U6 

20 
218 

21 
29 
8 
68 
12 
59 
10 

8 
1 

17 

271 

I 

53 

43 

17 

100 

2 

20 

11 

170 

166 

47 

Alquizar 

128 

Bafnoa 

17 

Bntabano 

7 

1 
4 

2 

1 
2 
2 
60 
U 
1 
9 

119 

Bauta 

8ft 

BejQC«l 

126 

Cano 

64 

CTaniguas            ....  . 

2 

Catiuina 

4 

8 

128 

113 

5 

40 

41 

GeibadelAgua 

44 

Gnan^bacoa 

428 

City  of  OwtfuUMcoa 

Guara..... 

SS8 
811 

GWnes 

78 

194 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


410  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  of  Habana— Oontinaed. 

TOTAL  FOBEION  WHITE-Ooiitiniied. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

TotaL 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
i>orta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 

mechan- 
ical in- 

dustriesw 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Onira  de  Melona . 

i.aei 

63.877 

St, 901 
188 
206 
330 
110 
1,159 
128 

an 

33 

148 

1,666 

196 

55 

1,220 

125 

189 

230 

136 

108 

1,202 

68 

101 

373 

378 

52 
02 
92 
51 
96 
46 

152 
22 
58 
5 

110 
29 

387 
15 
69 

107 
62 
41 

120 
84 
38 

205 
21,667 
fl,UU 
49 
42 
54 
21 

344 
36 
93 
5 
82 

575 
29 
17 

234 
34 
53 
58 
22 
42 

290 
13 
13 

60 

7,604 

7,612 

12 

19 

18 

14 

163 

15 

20 

9 

1,096 

1,07U 

3 

2 

2 

1 

11 

397 

11.220 

10,79t 

61 

2 

12 

1 

313 

187 

Habana 

12,013 

1U8S7 
21 
49 

Citvo/Habana 

IsUdePiiios 

Jarnco _ 

Madroga 

52 

Managua .....^. 

22 

232 

MelenadelSor 

29 

Npnya  Pftz 

1 

46 

65 

Pipian 

6 

Qnivican.... 

8 
206 

5 

3 
83 

7 

23 
33 

7 

7 
246 

2 

16 
369 

34 

Ilegla 

11 
1 

1 
6 

4 

500 

Salud 

48 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas. . . . 

San  Antonio  de  los  Bancs 

San  Felipe 

1 
263 
24 

14 

I 
2 
1 
288 
7 
26 

4 
297 
41 

San  Josd  de  las  Lajas 

40 

San  Nicolas....™ 

2 

29 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

43 

Santa  Maria  del  Roeario 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

3 
9 

1 

14 

249 

11 

YeredaNueva 

24 

The  province 

68,971 

4,076 

25,53U 

8,982 

1,245 

13,847 

15,336 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Agnarate 

171 
727 

57 
764 
368 
306 
335 

19 

113 

125 

1,113 

801* 

62 

064 

1,059 

42,008 

Ul,190 

185 

160 

182 

88 
932 

97 
318 

28 

120 

1,229 

151 

50 
974 

87 
155 
204 

97 

92 
997 

58 

77 

62 

293 

41 

175 

218 

62 

173 

9 

58 

76 

213 

S 

83 

294 

373 

876 

S7S 

62 

82 

92 

51 

96 

46 

162 

22 

58 

6 

110 

29 

337 

15 

59 

107 

62 

41 

130 

84 

38 

55 
109 

12 
453 

80 
149 

47 
9 

27 

27 
493 

20 

218 

205 

21,459 

tUSOU 

48 

42 

54 

21 

843 

36 

92 

6 

32 

672 

29 

17 

226 

33 

63 

58 

22 

41 

13 
13 

21 
29 
2 
68 
12 
.    59 
10 

3 
1 

17 

268 

13 

Alquizar 

27 

Balnoa 

3 

Batabano  

6 

42 
42 

11 
99 

20 

Bauta 

6 

Bejucal 

4 
2 

1 

2 

1 

50 

21 

Cano 

4 

Casiguas 

CaUllna 

4 

8 

128 

108 

5 

40 

50 

7,382 

7, 990 

12 

19 

18 

14 

150 

14 

20 

18 

11 

146 

m 

4 

Ceiba  del  Agua 

8 

Quanabacoa' 

88 

City  of  Ouanabacoa 

Ouara 

77 
4 

Guinea 

8 
8 
909 
891 
2 
1 
2 
1 
9 

71 

389 

10,063 

9,6S9 

60 

27 

Oniric  de  Mel^na  ..  . . 

34 

Habana 

1,829 
1  SOU 

Ctty  of  Habana 

IsladePinos 

'  11 

Jaruco 

6 

Madruga 

10 

6 

Managua 

1 

296 

38 

MelenadelSur 

1 

NuevaPaz 

40 

14 

Pipian 

1 

Qulidcan , 

8 
198 

5 

3 
81 

7 

23 
33 

6 

7 
241 

2 

15 
360 

7 

Regla 

11 

1 
1 
5 
2 

83 

Salud 

6 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas. . . . 
San  Antonio  de  los  Bafios. .. . 
San  Felipe 

254 
24 

14 

72 
6 

San  Jo66  de  las  Lajas 

6 

San  Nicolas *. 

1 

5 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

7 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario 

1 
9 

1 

2 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

TapaHte 

277 
6 
26 

64 
2 

Yereda  Nueva 

The  province 

54,162 

4,074 

25,398 

8,674 

1,042 

12,555 

2,419 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


411 


Table  XXIV— CJontinued. 
Province  of  HABANA--Continned« 

FOREION  WHITE  FEMALES. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  proyince  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricni- 

ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 

sional 

service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion 

Aguacate 

34 

106 
17 

114 
82 

110 
61 
4 
39 
45 

371 

S87 
27 

169 

162 
11,869 
11,711 
13 
46 
48 
22 

227 
29 
69 
5 
28 

437 
42 
5 

246 
38 
34 
28 
39 
16 

205 
1(» 
24 

84 

Alqnizar 

2 

3 

.     1 

11 

1 
6 
1 
2 
2 

101 

Boinoa 

1 

i* 

1 

15 

BatAbano   .  r , ...... 

8 

99 

Bauta     

80 

Beiucal 

104 

Gano 

60 

Cafd.gTiafl 

2 

87 

Ceiba  dei  Agua 

2 
2 

• 

1 

42 

Quanabacoa 

5 

5 

24* 

19 

840 

City  of  Guanabacoa 

961 

Onara  .  -. .  .  

1 

1 

1 

186 

1 
1 

96 

Gdines 

i 

8 

1,167 

1,165 

1 

2 

2 

•        1 

17 

167 

Onira de  Melena  .... . 

1 

153 

HabanA  -     

2 

s 

1(J6               222 

10,184 

10,  OSS 

10 

Cityof  Habana 

108 

1 

ftW 

IsladeJEMnos 

jftruco ---... ...... 

43 

Madmga 



46 

Managua 

::::::::::  : 

SI 

M^Hanao    

1 

13 

1 

2 

194 

MelenadelSnr 

28 

Nneva  Paz , , 



1 

1 

6 

51 

Pipian 

6 

Qniri'^ftTi         

1 
9 

87 

3 

8 

417 

Salud 

42 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas.... 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos  . . . 

1 
9 

4 

9 

1 

2 

1 
2 

225 

San  Felipe 

85 

San  Jobe  de  las  Le^as 

S4^n  Ni'^rtllW   . , 

84 

1 

1 

2 

1 

11 

1 

24 

Santa  Crua  del  Norte 

i 

86 

Santa  Maria  del  Roeario. 

1 

4 

2 

12 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste  

. 

5 

185 

9 

VeredaNueva 

Zi 

The  province 

14,809 

2 

138 

258 

203 

1,292 

12.916 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


Aguacate 

Aibuizar 

Bainoa 

Batabano 

Bauta 

Beju^ 

Cano 

CasiguaH 

Catioina 

Ceiba  del  Agua 

Guanabacoa 

City  of  OuaruUxxcoa 

Ouara 

aHines 

Ouira  de  Melena 

Habana 

Cityof  Habana 

IsladePinos... 

Jaruco 

Madmga 

Managua 

Marianao 

Melena  del  Bur 

NnevaPaz 

Pipian 

Qoi^lcan 


1.291 

2.441 

880 

1.514 

1,077 

878 

486 

314 

526 

279 

5,446 

h,6US 

351 

3,460 

2,955 

68,362 

67,51S 

521 

826 

1,091 

509 

2,676 

1,234 

2,994 

106 

503 

108 
575 
136 
244 
875 
100 
188 

53 
141 

84 

276 

1 

83 
473 
682 
309 
IU7 

96 
170 
171 
163 
163 
202 
264 

58 

54 

17 
33 
2 
45 

7 
14 

1 

33 

131 
15 
53 
87 

157 
28 
4 
7 
19 

818 

795 
15 

2U) 

160 
11,335 
11,966 
15 
64 
35 
25 

208 
30 
09 

1 

307 

375 

58 

224 

31 

78 

33 

96 

66 

22 

1,325 

1,299 

3 

740 

370 

20,811 

90,609 

118 

168 

190 

29 

869 

267 

790 

8 

109 

2 

2 
4 

57 

5i 
1 

59 

35 

2,015 

t,008 

13 

16 

12 

4 

75 

17 

35 

1 

16 
16 

5 

1 
216 
215 

1 
3 

1 

8 

21 

1,827 

169 

048 

627 

627 

236 

162 

809 

150 

2,054 

S,U86 

249 

1,092 

1,096 

83,676 

SS,S10 

279 

406 


1,963 

728 

1,836 

40 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


412  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  op  Habana— Continued. 

TOTAL  COLOBED.-Contlnued. 
[Fignres  in  italics  are  included  in  thoee  for  the  proTince  or  distriot.] 


Districts. 

TotaL 

Agrlcnl- 

ture, 
flsherien, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 

and 
trans- 
porta* 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
seryloe. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Beffla 

2,204 

226 

335 

2.084 

581 

1,000 

1,541 

1,124 

620 

1.914 

233 

173 

3 

74 

93 

414 

19 

110 

211 

220 

161 

217 

58 

40 

85 

209 
8 
8 
282 
15 
44 
45 
12 
19 
384 
6 
4 

1 

666 
5 

54 
875 
205 
237 
545 
240 

29 
263 

83 

43 

1,200 

Sa^d 

139 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas. . . . 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos 

180 

20 
6 
5 

19 
5 
5 

22 
2 
3 

906 

San  Pellpe 

836 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

604 

San  Nicolas 

m 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

647 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario 

406 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tai;iaste 

5 

i,a» 

134 

YeredaNneva 

88 

The  province 

112,214 

6,788 

2,589 

14,569 

253 

29,771 

58,264 

COLORED  MALES. 


643 

1,250 

211 

743 

547 

383 

270 

171 

254 

152 

2,385 

1,908 

171 

1,682 

1,520 

29,574 

T9,l!8 

288 

418 

525 

266 

1,343 

612 

1,407 

69 

244 

1,024 

112 

184 

956 

264 

518 

852 

582 

289 

867 

124 

101 

108 
574 
135 
244 
875 
100 
188 

53 
138 

83 

276 

1 

83 
4?2 
682 
301 
1S9 

96 
169 
171 
163 
169 
202 
264 

58 

54 
3 

74 

93 
413 

19 
110 
211 
220 
161 
216 

58 

40 

17 
83 
2 
45 

7 
14 

1 

33 

108 

11 

52 

36 

150 

26 

4 

6 

18 

614 

G9U 

15 

188 

160 

8,986 

8,899 

15 

54 

85 

23 

169 

22 

58 

1 

285 

158 

5 

163 

199 

877 

Bainoa 

68 

Batftbano 

239 

Bauta 

129 

Bejucal 

1 

118 

Cano 

65 

Caslguas... 

67 
47 

47 

CfttAiina , 

2 

4 
54 
50 

1 

58 
35 
1,992 
1,9S6 
13 
16 
12 

4 
75 
16 
33 

1 

60 

Ceibadel  Agua 

47 

Ouanabacoa  . ..... 

15 
15 

660 
650 

776 

City  of  CfuaruUxicoa 

Ouara 

658 
72 

Gtilnes 

Ouira  de  Bielena 

5 

1 
200 
199 

623 
173 
9,460 
9,SSS 
90 
60 
165 

436 
469 

Habana 

City  of  Habana..., 

8,6i6 
8,579 

Isladeinnos 

74 

Jaruco 

119 

Madruga 

142 

i 

8 

64 

Marianao 

546 
20O 
691 

7 
87 
443 

302 

MelenadelSur 

172 

NuevaPas 

1 

460 

Pfplan       

4 

Quivican..... 

3 
35 

20 

229 

8 

8 

191 

14 

43 

34 

10 

18 

812 

5 

4 

i' 

80 

Rnrla 

818 

Salud 

80 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas .... 

Ban  Antonio  de  los  Banos 

San  Felipe 

44 
57 
135 
213 
884 
194 
28 
60 
28 
20 

89 

20 
6 
5 

19 
5 
5 

21 
2 
3 

275 
90 

San  Jos6  de  las  Lajas 

Sftn  Nir'niiMi 

147 

204 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario  . 

163 

82 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste                   

4 

264 
86 

Vereda  Nueva...... 



25 

The  province 

50,990 

6,766 

2,558 

11,650 

^ 

14,880 

14,898 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Akiuizar 

Bafnoa 

648 
1,191 
169 
771 
530 
495 

1 

22 
217 
58 
61 
31 
78 

606 

i 

1 

23    

960 

4    

lU 

Batabano   

1  1      

709 

Baum     ..... 

1    

488 

Beiucal 

71              1 

409 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


413 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  op  Habana— Continued. 

COLORED  PEMALES-Continued. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district,] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Aflrricul- 

ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Cano - - 

216 
143 
272 
127 

8,061 

t,67U 
180 

1,787 

1,435 
38,788 
S8,kS0 
233 
408 
566 
254 

1,333 
622 

1,587 
37 
258 

1,180 
114 
151 

1,078 
817 
482 
689 
542 
331 

1,047 
109 
72 

2 

83 
28 
19 
22 

675 

6kg 
3 

217 

197 

11,342 

ll,t69 

28 

108 
25 
29 

324 
57 

190 

1 

22 

223 
5 
10 

318 
70 
24 

161 
46 
6 

213 
10 
14 

181 

Oasignas ^^„,.,,^^,--  _. 

116 

Catalina 

3 

1 

1 

1 

204 

toi 

249 

Ceibadel  Agua 

108 

Onanahacoa 

City  of  Guanabacoa 

Qxiara             

8 
9 

1 
1 

2,178 

1,8S8 

177 

Ofiines    

1 

1 

12 

9 

2,889 

t,S67 

1,556 
25,080 

Ouira  de  Melena     .....%-    -  - 

Habana 

8 
8 

23 

16 
16 

Cityof  Haba/na. 

54.758 

Made  Finos. 

205 

Jaruco  -  ................ .. 

1 

10 

289 

Madruga 

541 

Mnnacua -..rr 

2 

34 
8 
11 

S23 

Hariiuiao 

4 

971 

Helena  del  Sur 

I 
2 

556 

NueyaPaz 

Pipian 

1,876 
86 

Quivican     

1 
70 

286 

fiegla 

887 

8alnd      

100 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas.... 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos. . . . 

141 

1 

41 

1 

1 
11 

2 

1 
72 

1. 

718 

San  Felipe 

246 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

San  Nicolas 

457 

617 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

494 

Santa  Maria  del  Bosario 

824 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaote 

1 

1 

1 

750 
08 

Vflredft  Nueya 

58 

61.224 

22 

31 

2,900 

19 

14,891 

43,381 

Provincb  op  Matanzas. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 


Alacranes .  ^ 

8,110 
9,179 
5,184 
1,993 

24,861 

S1,9W 
8,174 

12,195 
5,807 
6,000 
5,853 
7,529 
5,042 

10,405 
8,905 

45,282 

S6,m 

4.046 
2.168 
7,647 
4,449 
4,464 
5,205 
6,766 
2,966 
6,226 

2,808 
8,270 
1,786 
749 
2,526 
1,683 
1.261 
2,741 
2,088 
2,241 
1,870 
1,817 
1,431 
3,706 
3.066 
4,752 
l,8t3 
1,364 
1,036 
2,6U2 
1,577 
2,013 
1,651 
2,168 
1,031 
1,256 

208 
306 
108 

68 
1,968 
1,883 

52 
600 
112 
156 
175 
277 

95 
292 
301 

3,338 
109 

23 
248 
157 

66 
115 
180 

56 
274 

808 
311 

66 

49 
2,259 
f,S17 

77 
576 
247 
161 
126 
421 
106 
340 
475 
4,242 
l»,125 
124 

21 
214 
207 

63 
117 
176 

41 
271 

86 

23 

10 

6 

169 

162 

12 

61 

14 

12 

7 

27 

14 

22 

24 

447 

U26 

11 

8 

22 

12 

8 

12 

16 

13 

433 

457 

66 

108 

2,898 

S^79£ 

93 

984 

272 

185 

179 

884 

124 

219 

183 

6,102 

U,608 

119 

99 

320 

157 

145 

165 

96 

48 

275 

4,838 

4,812 

Bolondron 

CabezKS 

8,153 

OanffAl      . . 

1,018 

Cardenas 

15,046 

Cityof  Cardetuu 

IS,  199 

Carlos  Bojas 

1,679 
7,233 
8,074 

^on  v!..!!:  ::: .: 

Cue  vitas 

Ouamacaro 

8,246 

JagHey  Grande 

8,406 

Jovellanos 

Macagna 

4.60B 
8,278 

Macuriges 

5.827 

Marti  .7 

4.856 

|ffi.«i^iizas      .^...^..^.^.. 

27,267 

CityofMatcunzoM     .. . 

SS,OBU 

2,819 

Mendez  Capote 

976 

PaimlllaA     ,.,     . 

4,241 

Perico 

2,339 

Boque  

2.160 

RuN^nlliA 

3,145 

San  Jos4  de  los  Bamos 

Santa  Ana 

Union  deBeyes 

4,120 
1,782 
8.187 

The  province 

202,  iU 

50,804 

9,407 

10,992 

988 

13,105 

117,148 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


414 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIV— Ckmtinued. 
PROVINCB  OF  Matanzas— Continiied. 

TOTAL  MALES. 
[Figures  in  italios  are  included  in  those  for  tbe  proTinoe  or  distrioi.] 


Districts. 

Total 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porU- 
Uon. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan 
ical  in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Wittout 

gainful 

oocapa- 

tion. 

4,678 
4,860 
2,606 
1.086 
11,744 
10,S06 
1,616 
0,216 
8.138 
8.000 
8,092 
8.678 
2,666 
6,462 
4,931 
21.905 
16,926 
2.102 
1,344 
4.166 
2.486 
2,677 
2.678 
8.662 
1,677 
2,622 

2,481 
2.866 
1,701 

728 
2,808 
1,6S9 

992 
2,676 
1,8»7 
1,866 
1.867 
1,432 
1,427 
8,126 
2.602 
4,718 
1,805 

i.m 

918 
2,367 
1,415 
1,866 
1,630 
2,081 
1.031 
1.163 

198 
808 
108 

67 
1,963 
1,883 

62 
692 
111 
166 
174 
276 

95 

•    287 

801 

8,438 

5.504 

109 

23 
246 
167 

66 
116 
180 

66 
272 

279 
294 

66 

87 
1.948 
1,907 

66 
629 
232 
157 
126 
414 
106 
886 
470 
8.838 
3,217 
120 

21 
174 
204 

62 
111 
178 

41 
285 

80 

19 

8 

5 

138 

133 

6 

48 

11 

8 

4 

20 

11 

16 

20 

348 

333 

7 

8 

15 

10 

4 

6 

18 

6 

11 

182 
186 
40 
87 
834 
873 
24 
433 
83 
64 
78 

id4 

98 

138 

120 

2,432 

2,003 

61 

22 

109 

86 

60 

70 

68 

88 

82 

1,401 

Boiondron ........... ...... 

1.238 

Cabems  . . 

STB 

r>T?fUi1                        

£U 

Cardenas 

Cityof  Ccwdentu 

4,8© 

5,771 

CarlosBoJas 

475 

Oolon 

1.947 

CneTltaai 

«H 

890 

•TairtleT  Orande - r 

858 

Joyellanos 

1,237 

MacagQA... ^,,,,^-^ 

929 

Hacnriires 

1,561 

Marti .    

1.338 

Matanisaif. 

j.em 

Ci  ty  of  Matanxat . 

6,9SU 

Maximo  0«fn««  . -r 

634 

Mendes  Capote 

357 

PftlmlIIa«                         

t244 

Perico 

614 

Roqne 

511 

Sabanilla 

737 

San  Joe6  de  los  Ramos 

Bft-nta  Ana  .     .,.,,,„,,, 

1,147 
405 

Union  deBeyes 

850 

The  province 

108,726 

46,496 

9,339 

9,582 

767 

5.687 

32,005 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Alacranes ...., 

8,637 
4,329 
2.679 
908 
13.117 
11, 73U 
1,659 
6,980 
2,660 
2,910 
2,761 
3.956 
2.377 
4,953 
3.974 
23,377 
19,  IM 
1,944 
814 
3,492 
1.963 
1.887 
2.527 
3.113 
1,388 
2.604 

323 

404 

a5 

21 
138 

269 

65 

191 

385 

13 

386 

4 

680 

874 

34 

18 

193 

118 

236 

162 

148 

12 

87 

6 
3 

24 

17 

6 
4 

2 

1 

31 

29 

6 

13 

3 

4 

8 

7 

3 

6 

4 

99 

93 

4 

250 

321 

17 

71 

1,950 

1,919 

60 

661 

160 

121 

101 

190 

26 

81 

68 

2,670 

2,606 

58 

77 

211 

71 

76 

95 

88 

10 

193 

2.99D 

Boiondron  . 

3,580 

0>M7,M 

I475 

Canasi 

1 
5 
5 

7 
2 

12 

311 

310 

11 

47 

16 

4 

m 

Cardeniw    .   .      

10,688 

Cityof  Cardenas 

9,&JS 

Carlos  Bojas 

1,204 

Colon 

5,286 

Cuevitas 

2.270 

Qnamacaro r 

2,396 

iTA(r(i<^v  Grande  

i 
1 

i^SS 

Jovellanos ....... ......... . 

7 

3,866 

Macagna       ....            

2,344 

Macuriges .... ...... ...... 

6 

t 

909 

908 

4 

4^ 

M«rti  .     . 

3^^ 

84 

3U 

19,681 

City  of  Matanzas 

16,790 

Maximo  Gomez 

l,68i 

Mend<??!  Caiwte  ....     .  . .  r  -  - 

619 

Pftlmniiuf 

2 

40 
8 

1 
6 
8 

7 
2 
4 
6 
3 
1 
2 

2,997 

Perico 

1,725 

Roque  

1,668 

Sabanilla 

2,406 

Ban  Jofl^  de  Ion  Ramos 

2.962 

Santa  Ana    

i;877 

Union  de  Beyra 

93 

2 

86 

2.278 

The  province       

98,718 

4,808 

68 

1,460 

221 

7,618 

85,143 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Alacranes. 
Balondron 
Oabezas... 
Canasi.... 


3.676 
3.819 
3,687 
1,088 


1,055 

1,197 

400 


71 

114 

46 

37 


117 

26 

100 

2.464 

111 

20 

88 

2.431 

38 

7 

29 

2,870 

21 

3 

83 

544 

Digitized 


by  Google 


O00XJPATION8. 


415 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Pbovincb  of  Matakzas— Continiied. 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITB-Continued. 
[Filriu'eB  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Cardenas  

Cityof  Cardenas 

(DarlosKojas 

Colon 

Cnevitas 

Onamacaro 

Jtiig^ej  Grande 

Jovellanos 

Macagna 

Macnriges 

MarU 

Matanzas 

City  of  Matanxcu ... 

MaximoQomez 

Hendez  Capote 

PalmlUas 

Perico 

Boque 

Sabanilla  ...  

San  Jof  6  de  los  Ramos . 

Santa  Aim 

Union  de  Reyes 


The  province 108,682 


Total. 


ricul- 
lure, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 


14,066 

i.m 

6.706 
8.087 
2.605 
3,674 
2,836 
2,624 
4.008 
4,126 
27,671 
fO,931 
1,788 
1,142 
8,337 
1,662 
2,066 
2,630 
2,673 
1,603 
2,237 


Ayr 
tu 


1,160 

61^ 

845 

1.061 

928 

700 

1,047 

360 

636 

1,064 

1,106 

2,008 

857 

486 

406 

844 

386 

800 

797 

728 

616 

417 


20,212 


Trade 

and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Mann- 
factor- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


818 
11 
207 
30 
55 
68 
98 
26 
86 
86 
1,633 
1,56S 
40 
10 
87 
49 
22 
87 
42 


8,824 


1,220 

1,199 

80 

246 
80 
67 
72 

194 
41 

138 

214 
2,051 
1,979 
46 
12 
89 
88 
84 
33 
62 
16 

106 


6,116 


Profes- 
sional 
serviced 


107 

los 

7 

44 

12 

9 

5 

21 

11 

13 

19 

304 

t91 

7 

2 

16 

8 

7 

10 

11 

7 

7 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 


1,98 
16 
168 
40 
46 
40 
74 
18 
60 
46 
1,620 
l,tOO 
24 
11 
68 
20 
28 
31 
16 
10 
40 


8,060 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


10,212 
8,701 
762 
8.091 
1,047 
1,728 
2,483 
2,069 
1,792 
2,667 
2,665 
19,166 

u,out 

1,185 
702 
2,243 
1,107 
1.165 
1.722 
1,825 
1,024 
1.576 


69,789 


NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Alacranes. ...... .-........■-•• 

1,972 
1,047 
1,823 

570 
6,381 
6,S08 

502 
2.766 
1,683 
1.200 
1,836 
1,273 
1,258 
2,048 
2,163 
12,837 
9,219 

Oil 

676 
1,728 

850 
1,147 
1.354 
1,306 

810 
1,008 

807 

1,046 

1,176 

397 

1,138 

6$6 

848 

1,047 

022 

682 

1,045 

866 

633 

1,046 

1,006 

2,000 

857 

484 

406 

843 

384 

796 

704 

717 

616 

417 

71 

113 

46 

86 

867 

816 

11 

206 

30 

56 

68 

08 

26 

86 

86 

1,624 

1,553 

40 

10 

87 

49 

22 

37 

42 

22 

88 

118 

106 

88 

14 

1,064 

1,033 

82 

237 

76 

66 

72 

^!? 

132 

211 

1,628 

1,556 

46 

12 

70 

83 

84 

33 

62 

16 

100 

21 

17 

5 

2 

82 

79 

2 

82 

0 

6 

2 

14 

8 

11 

15 

224 

S16 

4 

2 

10 

6 

8 

4 

8 

6 

6 

76 
80 
27 
10 

302 

t77 
6 

121 
28 
28 
36 
55 
16 
44 
44 
1,160 

875 
23 
10 
33 
26 
26 
26 
12 
10 
25 

704 

Balondron 

627 

Cabezas 

631 

CaniM*! , 

lU 

Cardenas 

2,048 

Cityof  Cardenas      ....... 

2,U68 

Carlos  Rojas 

106 

Colon...  ..................... 

1,122 

Cnevitas 

618 

Ouamacaro . ...... .... 

.Tfurflf^v  Orande     

462 
613 

Jovellanos... 

660 

MacaguA-  .-.^--.,-.-           

634 

Macuriges ......... ........ 

725 

Marti          

710 

Matf^^KAS 

6.202 

City  of  Matanzas . 

U,16t 

y  ftximo  Qomftz  _ , 

814 

Mendez  Canote .. ... 

237 

Palmillas 

685 

Perico  ........... ...... 

803 

RoQue  ---. ................ 

266 

Hfthi^nillft                             

460 

Santa  Ana 

665 

251 

Union  de  Reves 

468 

The  province    

50.324 

20,060 

8,800 

4,454 

486 

2.199 

10,284 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Alacranes 

1,704 

1.872 
1,864 

460 
7,704 
6,65U 

587 
2,041 

1 
9 

21 
3 

12 
8 
2 
4 

4 

6 

5 
8 

2 

1 

25 

su 

6 
12 

24 
49 
2 

14 

235 

SSI 

9 

47 

1.670 

Bolondron 

1 

1.804 

Cabezas 

1,839 

Canasi 

1 
2 
S 

7 
166 

166 
7 
8 

433 

Cardenas - 

7,264 

Cityof  Cardenas 

(5,«5 

Carlos  Bojas 

564 

Colon 

i' 

2,860 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


416 


BEPOBT  ON  THK  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  18M. 


Table  XXIV— Cotitinued. 

Pbovincb  of  Matanzas— Continiied. 

NATIVE  WHTTB  FEMALBS-Oontiiiaed. 
[Flgares  in  ItaUos  are  Inohided  in  those  for  the  prortnce  or  district.] 


DirtriotB. 

TotaL 

Affricol- 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and  min- 

inR. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
^on. 

ICann- 
factur- 
ini^and 
mechan- 
ioalin- 
dnstries. 

Profes- 
sional 
serrioe. 

Domes- 
tic aad 
personal 
serrioe. 

Without 
gainfo) 

tiod 

Cuevitas 

1,464 

1,306 

1.8W 

l,5flB 

1,200 

1,900 

1,9QS 

14,734 

11,71S 

877 

400 

1.600 

812 

90V 

1.276 

i.2n 

774 
1,144 

6 
18 
2 
3 
8 
9 
8 
8 

4 
1 

8 
8 
8 
7 
8 
2 
4 

80 
75 
8 

12 

18 

14 

19 

2 

6 

2 

351 

US 

1 

1 

25 
4 
2 
5 
3 

1  421 

tm 

Jag^nny  Orande 

1,880 

4 

l.Sfll 

Maracrna 

I'sss 

Macnriffee 

1 

3 

428 

its 

I.MS 

Marti!^!!.:::::::::::::::::::: 

Matanzas 

,       9 
9 

13, 8e 

City  of  MatanxoM 

lOySSO 

Maximo  Aom as 

2 

871 

Mendes  Capote...... 

46S 

PRlmill^ „ 

1 
2 
4 
3 
U 

19 

6 
2 

4 
6 
8 

1 
2 

1,566 

Pertoo 

804 

Boone......................... 

809 

Rabknnia 

1.98S 

San  Jose  de  los  Bamos .... 

1.260 

Ban ta  Ana           

773 

Union  de  Beyes 

1 

8 

16 

1,118 

Ths  province 

62,366 

182 

15 

061 

186 

800 

50,506 

TOTAL  FOBEION  WHTTB. 


AlfMrran«». ,  - 

486 

789 
287 
81 
2,814 
t,081 
174 
824 
398 
359 
430 
411 
191 
690 
427 
4,512 
S,6UU 
138 
126 
427 
257 
227 
401 
612 
251 
404 

246 
418 
184 

31 
260 
18S 

89 
801 
184 
179 
241 
117 

82 
330 
118 
642 
ttb 

50 

02 
192 
110 
169 
181 
283 
129 
130 

92 

130 
38 
20 

929 

89S 
32 

229 
09 
68 
86 

106 
51 

187 

141 
1,476 

42 
11 

101 
49 
21 
46 
81 
30 

130 

88 
68 
U 

6 
8U 
soo 

8 
8S 
60 
23 
12 
65 
27 
44 
88 
401 
577 
20 

4 
40 
87 

3 
19 
60 

7 
27. 

8 
S 
8 
8 
42 
S9 
6 
13 
2 
2 
2 
6 
8 
6 
6 
118 

no 

8 

1 
4 
8 
1 
2 
4 

85 
19 
6 
6 
194 

m 

8 
56 

14 
10 
16 
46 
14 
21 
12 
666 
i8$ 

8 

1 

19 
14 

9 
21 
15 

3 
16 

83 

Bolondron 

161 

OahfMWi  , 

se 

Onnasi     .     ,  .    .    . 

16 

Cardenas 

560 

Cityof  Cardentu 

i9S 

Carlos  Bo jaa , 

37 

Colon 

144 

C^nevitas 

69 

Gnamacaro 

87 

Jftgney  C*randf>. 

74 

Macacrna 

78 
14 

Macurises 

161 

Mi^rtl           . 

08 

Matanzatt 

1,320 

City  of  Matanzas 

2,OS7 

Maximo  Oomes 

20 

Mendez  Capote 

17 

Pahnillas 

71 

Perico 

44 

Roqne 

84 

flAhfLnilH            .         , 

133 

San  Jose  de  los  Bamos 

^TitA  Ana                 .  . 

180 
8S 

Union  de  Beyes 

4 

98 

The  prorinoe 

16,235 

4,700 

4,104 

1,438 

242 

1.106 

3,646 

FOBEION  WHTTE  MALEa 


425 

628 

198 

64 

1.792 

1,6SU 

143 

092 

331 

269 

369 

244 

412 
134 

30 
260 
183 

89 
301 
184 
174 
241 

90 

129 
38 
20 

927 

891 
32 

2S8 
69 
58 
86 

88 

02 

14 

6 

302 

t9l 

8 

81 

00 

28 

12 

8 
2 
8 
8 
87 
SS 
4 
12 
2 
2 
2 

28 
12 
6 
6 
157 
158 
8 
42 
13 
10 
16 

82 

Bolondron . ............. 

11 

Cabezas 

3 

Canasi 

Cardenas  

100 

Cityof  Cardenas 

as 

Carlos  Bojas 

7 

Colon..... 

28 

Cnevitas 

z 

Gnamacaro 

8 

Jaffuey  Grande 

8 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS, 


417 


Table  XXIV.— Continued. 
Province  op  Matanzas— Continaed. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES-Contlnned. 
[PifmroB  in  italics  are  includcHl  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Jovellanos 

Macag^oa 

Macnriges 

Marti 

Matanzas 

City  of  Maianzas . . . 

Maximo  Gomez 

Mendez  Capote 

Palmillas 

Perico 

Roque  

Sabanilla 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos  . 

Santa  Ana 

Union  de  Reyes 


The  province 11,860 


Total 


AfiTicnl- 

tnre, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 


180 
651 
870 
3,290 
9,695 
116 
112 
861 
213 
196 
271 
446 
174 
317 


116 
82 
329 
116 
641 
SfS 
49 
92 
192 
110 
159 
180 
281 
129 
130 


4,684 


Trade 

and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Mann- 
factor- 
ing and 

mechan- 
ical in- 

dostries. 


106 
51 

137 

141 
1,468 
1,U5 
42 
11 
99 
49 
21 
46 
81 
30 

130 


4,080 


565 
20 

4 

40 
35 

3 
19 
50 

7 
27 


1.413 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


5 
3 
5 
5 
101 
91, 
2 
1 
4 
8 
1 
2 
4 


215 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 


45 

14 

21 

12 

484 

US 

3 

1 

16 
14 

9 
17 
15 

3 
11 


957 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


15 
3 
15 
13 
207 

m 


10 
2 
3 
7 

15 
5 

15 


FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Alacranes 

71 
161 
89 
17 
522 

31 
132 
07 
90 
71 
50 
11 
148 
67 
1,222 
9t»9 
22 
14 
66 
44 
31 
130 
166 

n 

87 

1 

1 

2 

1 

7 

61 

Bolondron 

1 

1 

150 

Cabezas 

80 

Canasi 

1 

16 

Cardenas  

2 

f 

9 
9 

6 

U 

1 
1 

37 

S5 

469 

Ciiyof  Cardenas 

l$07 

Carlos  Rojas 

30 

Colon 

1 

1 

13 

1 

116 

Cuevitas 

66 

5 

85 

jftgnfty  Grande 

71 

Jovellanos 

1 

1 

57 

11 

Macnriges 

Marti 

1 
2 

1 

1 

146 

1 

55 

Mi^t^nzAs 

7 

7 

12 

17 
16 

1 

72 

71 

1.113 

City  of  Jiatanzcu 

845 

MaxirnQt^omez  ,,... 

i 

20 

Mendez  Capote 

14 

Palmillas ..     .  . 

2 

3 

61 

Perico 

2 

42 

Roque 

81 

SabaniUa '. 

1 
1 

4 

125 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos 

165 

Santa  Ana 

77 

Union  de  Reyes           .  ...... 

4 

m 

The  province ........... 

3,3S6 

16 

16 

25 

27 

140 

3.153 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


Alacranes 

Bolondron 

Cabezas 

Canasi 

Cardenas 

Cityof  Cardenas 

Carlos  Rojas 

Colon 

Cuevitas 

Guamacaro 

Jaguey  Grande 

Jovellanos 

Macagna 

Macnriges 

24662 27 


3,038 
4,571 
1,210 
874 
8.462 
7,897 
1,821 
6.665 
2,372 
3,036 
1,749 
4,283 
2,327 
6,703 


1,660 

1,808 

455 

318 

i,iar 

856 

827 
1,389 

976 
1,362 

582 
1,341 

713 
2.321 


40 

62 

19 

11 

180 

177 

9 

164 

13 

42 

21 

73 

18 


153 
137 
14 
23 
728 
71S 
30 
249 
107 
71 
42 
162 
37 
163 


297 
850 


2,162 

f,/«i 

75 

761 

218 

129 

115 

264 

92 

148 


1,786 
2,220 

601 

4o3 
4.265 
h,005 

880 
8,096 
l.ObS 
1.431 

989 
2,442 
1.467 
2,999 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


418 


BEPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 

Province  of  Matanzas— Oontiniied. 

TOTAL  COLORED— ContUmed. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  indnded  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Marti 

MataTiMW 

City  of  Matanx€u  . . 

Maximo  Oomez   

Mendez  Capote 

PalmUlas 

Perioo 

Boqne  

Sabanilla 

Ban  Jose  de  los  Bamos 

Santa  Ana 

Union  de  Reyes 

The  province 


Total. 


Airricnl- 

tore, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 


4,863 
13.199 

11,799 
2.120 
890 
3.883 
2.530 
2,181 
2,174 
8.480 

i.m 

2,585 


84,527 


1,843 

1,303 

7U 

828 

639 

1,566 

1,081 

1,054 

673 

1,158 

387 

709 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Mann- 
factnr- 
ingand 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dnstries. 


75 

364 

554 

27 

2 

60 

59 

23 

33 

57 

4 

55 


25,892  I 


1,479 


178 

1,790 

1,769 

58 

5 

85 

87 

26 

65 

74 

19 

136 


4,439 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


63 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 


Withoat 

gainful 

oocnpa- 

tion. 


125 
8,006 

i,9t$ 

92 
87 
243 
114 
IQB 
U3i 
66 
35 
230 


2,133 

6.ne 

5,98$ 
I.U4 

257 

1.92: 

1,188 

970 
1,201 
2,124 

63B 
1,4© 


8,940  43.714 


COLORED  MALES. 


Alacranes „„  ^,, .-.,--- 

2,176 
2,275 

584 

442 
3,671 
S,27U 

880 
2,758 
1,224 
1,622 

898 
1,948 
1,227 
2.858 
2,398 
6,778 
6,0li 
1,075 

666 
2,066 
1,423 
1,234 
1.058 
1,810 

584 
1,212 

1,840 

1,408 

891 

801 

991 

8U 

560 

1,328 

791 

1,000 

671 

960 

712 

1,761 

1,478 

1,177 

7fS 

638 

421 

1,332 

921 

910 

665 

1,063 

387 

616 

87 

61 
19 
11 
179 

m 

9 
158 
12 
42 
20 
73 
18 
64 
75 
346 

27 
2 
60 
69 
23 
82 
67 
4 
54 

133 

127 

14 

18 

692 

58S 

26 

211 

96 

68 

42 

159 

87 

159 

176 

1,316 

Ut96 

54 

6 

64 

86 

26 

59 

71 

19 

106 

1 

78 
85 
16 
12 
475 
1»58 
15 
260 
42 
26 
28 
94 
68 
73 
64 
779 
716 
35 
11 
60 
47 
34 
27 
31 
25 
46 

6BT 

Bolondron - 

694 

Cabesas 

144 

Canasi 

100 

Cardenas   .    ...         .,,...., 

19 

19 

1.315 
270 

Citypf  Cardenas 

Carlos  Rojas 

Colon - 

4 

W7 

Cnevftas  ^  .       ^             . .  . , 

283 

Onamacaro 

386 

Jagney  Grande ... 

Jovellanos 

23T 

1 

oae 

Ms^rnriffAs . . .  . 

398 

811 

Marti 

006 

Matanzas 

28 

S5 

1 

2.137 

1.918 

Maximo  G-omez    

89) 

Mendez  Capote 

Pw-imlllas ^ 

117 

1 
1 

549 

Perioo 

80B 

Roane 

212 

fU>in1il* 

«n 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos 

Santa  Ana 

1 

567 
148 

Union  de  Reyes 

2 

386 

The  province 

41,662 

21.732 

1,441 

3,666 

54 

2,431 

12  2SV 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Alacranes 

Bolondron ................. 

1,762 
2,296 

626 

432 
4,891 
l4,6i!i 

941 
2,907 
1,148 
1,514 

851 
2,335 
1,100 
2,846 
1.955 
7,421 
6,787 
1,046 

820 
894 

64 

17 
116 

S5 
297 

61 
185 
862 

11 

381 

1 

670 

864 

26 

18 
190 

3 

1 

20 
10 

1 

219 

266 

16 

67 

1,687 

1.665 

60 

601 

176 

108 

87 

170 

24 

75 

61 

2,247 

57 

1.199 
1,(186 

547 

rbLTMMfi  .,    , 

5 
186 

1S6 

4 

38 

11 

3 

853 

Cardenas - 

1 
1 

1 
1 

2.950 

Cityof  Cardena* 

t,788 

8S2?~^.'!'::::::::.:;::::::: 

610 

6 
I 

2.801 

Cnevitaa 

775 

Qnamacaro 

1 

7SS 

JagTifly  Qrande. 

1 

1 

Jovollanoff.. 

3 

1.790 
1,075 

Macagna 

6 

4 

2 

474 

475 

4 

3 

2.188 

Marti         ■■  '■ 

1^5« 
4,666 

4,007 
794 

Matanzas ...       .  .  

18 
18 

2 

City  of  Matanxaa 

Maximo  Qomez 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


419 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 

Pbovince  of  Matanzas — Continned« 

COLORED  FEMAT.K&-Continued. 

[Fifirnrea  in  italics  are  indnded  in  those  for  the  proyinoe  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total 

A«ricnl 
tnre, 

flsherieH. 

and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Mann- 
faotnr- 
ingand 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
serrioe. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
serrioe. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Mendez  Capote 

884 
1,817 
1.107 

947 
1,121 
1.670 

637 
1,873 

118 
234 
160 
144 
8 
76 

76 
188 
67 

74 
86 
35 
10 
174 

140 

PalmllU« 

21 

1 
1 
6 
8 

1 

1.378 
879 

Perico 

Boqae ... ... ..-....- 

728 

Sabanilla  .-      

1,021 
1,557 

San  Jo66  de  los  Ranaos 

RantA  AtM^ 

527 

Union  de  Reyes 

98 

1 

28 

1,077 

42,976 

4,160 

38 

774 

9 

6.609 

31,485 

Provincb  of  Pinar  del  Rio. 

TOTAL  population. 


Artemisa 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabanas  

Candelaria 

Consolacion  del  Norte  . . 

Consolaoion  del  Sur 

Ouanajay 

Guane 

Ouayabal 

Julian  Diaz 

LosPalacios 

Mantua - 

Mariel 

Pinar  del  Rio 

City  of  Pinar  del  Lio 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafios  . 

San  Diego  de  Nufiez 

San  Juan  y  Martinez  ... 

.San  Lnifl 

Vifiales 

The  province 


9,317 
'.117 
3.853 
4.866 
7,399 

10,G65 
8,796 

14.760 
2,710 
1,871 
2.466 
8,366 
3,681 

38,843 
8,880 
4,263 
2,419 
1,137 

14.787 
7,r>08 

17,700 


173.064 


2,674 
425 
973 
1,466 
1,893 
4,099 

vn 

5.884 
767 
768 
698 

2,756 
814 

9,696 
IS 

1,086 
886 
290 

6.401 

2.849 

6.067 


241 

55 

71 

97 

86 

328 

473 

376 

37 

23 

91 

219 

151 

1,214 

9C8 

139 

38 

11 

257 

172 

353 


48,697 


4,432 


263 

47 

173 

94 

77 

319 

665 

219 

29 

9 

52 

94 

122 

992 

85U 

76 

42 

16 

143 

108 

196 


3,636 


17 

2 

6 

16 

12 

36 

43 

26 

8 

1 

6 

9 

6 

119 

98 

21 

8 


786 

211 

469 

292 

677 

1,097 

1,146 

256 

246 

16 

265 

361 

355 

2,721 

i,()53 

374 

70 

154 

537 

147 

540 


399 


10,699 


6,486 
1.377 
2.171 
2,901 
4.654 

10,787 
6.506 
8.000 
1,623 
1.060 
1.444 
4,937 
2,183 

23,001 
U,S9U 
2,618 
1,375 
666 
8,428 
4,807 

11,627 


106,202 


TOTAL  MALES. 


Artemisa ^ 

Bahia  Honda 

6.013 
1.003 
2.143 
2.020 
3.945 
8,555 
4,306 
8,400 
1,439 
983 
1.803 
4,637 
1,802 
20.082 

2,276 
1,302 
672 
8,170 
8,988 
9,350 

2.669 

416 

973 

1,466 

1,885 

4.099 

971 

6,865 

767 

762 

606 

2,755 

814 

9,683 

IS 

1,086 

860 

288 

5,380 

2,331 

5,047 

241 

55 

71 

97 

86 

327 

469 

876 

37 

23 

91 

218 

149 

1,183 

033 

139 

38 

11 

257 

169 

363 

258 

42 

172 

85 

62 

818 

502 

215 

28 

9 

46 

86 

116 

816 

687 

09 

40 

13 

130 

107 

191 

16 

2 

6 

14 

10 

27 

88 

25 

6 

1 

6 

9 

5 

112 

91 

19 

7 

640 
161 
441 
222 
684 
964 
860 
103 
193 
15 
226 
218 
219 
1,563 

um 

281 
84 

124 

153 
74 

815 

1,280 
327 

Cabafias 

Candelaria 

Consolacion  del  Norte 

Consolacion  del  Sur..... 

481 
736 
1,368 
2,800 
1,305 
1,816 

Guanajay 

Qnane  ......... ....... 

Onayahal 

Julian  Diaz  ....  . .  . 

406 
183 

Loe  Palacioe 

340 

Ml^ntniL    

1.251 

Mariel 

499 

Pinar  del  Rio 

6,725 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

San  Cristobal 

2,407 
733 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafios 

San  Diego  de  Nufiez 

323 
136 

San  Juan  y  Martinez 

San  Luis 

21 
22 
15 

2,220 
1,286 

VfffftlAA 

3,429 

The  province 

91.688 

48,652 

4,390 

8.313 

350 

7,360 

27.714 

Digitized  by 


Google 


420 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio— Continaed. 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 
[FUmres  in  Italios  are  Included  in  those  for  the  profrince  or  district.] 


Districts. 


4.304 
1,114 
1.710 
2,246 
3,464 
8,110 
4,501 
6,360 
1,271 
888 
1,153 
3,829 
1,829 
18,261 

1.987 
1,117 
5a5 
6.617 
3.62U 
8,360 


The  proTinoe 81,376 


Artemisa 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabafias  

Candelaria 

Consolaclon  del  Norte  . . . 

Consoladon  del  Bur 

Qoanajay.. 

Guane 

Ouayabal 

Julian  Dias 

LosPalacios 

Mantna 

Mariel 

Pinardel  Bio 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio. 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diegro  de  los  Bafkoe .. 

Ban  Diego  de  Nnfiez 

San  Joan  y  Martinez  — 

San  Luis 

Vifiales 


TotaL 


Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries^ 
and  min- 
ing. 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


13 


26  I 
2  I 
21  . 

1»  I 

20 


Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


Profes- 
sional 
seryioe. 


6 

176 

mi 

7 
2 
3 
4 
1 
4 


145 


421 


TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
serrice. 


40 


146 
50 
18 
70 
143 
113 
286 
152 
53 
1 

80 
133 
136 
1,158 
9SS 
93 
86 
30 
384 
73 
225 


Without 
gainful 
oocupa- 

tiML 


4,m 

1,06D 
1.600 
2,165 
3.286 
7,987 
4.233 
6,184 
1,215 
886 
1.104 
3.686 
1.684 
16.878 
5,4S7 
1.885 

^2S 

530 
e,208 
3.523 

8,008 


77,488 


Artemisa 

5,757 
808 
1,313 
2,939 
5,233 
9,842 
5,646 

11.023 
1,882 
1,060 
1,473 
6,471 
2,151 

26.023 

h,908 

2,822 

1,760 

458 

10,202 
5,164 

12,886 

1,506 

235 

472 

930 

1,190 

2.597 

605 

4,226 

487 

444 

411 

2,012 

624 

6,323 

8 

660 

610 

183 

3,318 

1,534 

8,482 

08 
24 
40 
44 

30 
118 
223 
148 

21 
9 

32 
108 
101 
401 

SOU 

79 
24 
5 
76 
72 
134 

141 

16 

82 

43 

30 

141 

209 

98 

18 

3 

27 

51 

73 

437 

S71 

45 

14 

8 

65 

41 

06 

14 
2 
4 
12 
7 

29 
32 
18 
6 

808 
8 
7 

02 
625 

an 

500 
114 
135 
7 
114 
258 

66 

1.136 

7« 

200 

42 

5 

801 

63 
139 

8,600 

Bahia  Honda.. 

518 

0^>1flfllUf 

706 

Candelaria 

1.800 

Consoladon  del  Norte 

Consolaclon  del  Snr 

8.448 
e.63S 

C3luanajay..........^r.  -  

8;807 

Guane'  .' ....r 

6,421 

Ouayabal 

1^215 

tTulian  Diaz ........ ......r 

607 

LosPalacios 

8 
6 
8 

86 

\i 

6 

886 

Mantua 

4.036 

Mariel 

i;386 

PltiRr  dnl  Rirt    .                    

17.640 

City  Of  Pinar  del  Rio 

San  Cnstobal              

1.801 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafioe 

BanDieffo  deNufiez... ....... 

1,064 
288 

San  Jnan  y  Martinez, .... 

14 
17. 
10 

6438 

San  Luis 

81447 

Yifialeft . 

0;(B4 

The  province ........  t  - 

114,907 

31,857 

1,787 

1.717 

285 

4.420 

74,83S 

Artemisa  •. 

2,078 

401 

754 

1,549 

2,720 

4.947 

2.593 

6,987 

949 

551 

770 

3,872 

1.068 

1.604 
235 
472 
039 

1,187 

2,697 
605 

4,211 
487 
443 
409 

2,011 
624 

98 
24 
40 
44 
80 
117 
223 
148 
21 
0 
32 
107 
100 

140 

12 

82 

41 

28 

141 

262 

91 

17 

3 

22 

44 

60 

13 
2 
3 
11 
5 
21 
20 
18 
4 

277 

866 

Bahia  Honda 

128 

na>M^«iw 

167 

Candelaria 

70 
468 
301 
685 

87 
118 
7 
106 
170 

64 

486 

Consoladon  del  Norte 

Consoladon  del  Sur 

1.0« 
1,770 

Guanaiav......  r ,. 

940 

Guane  ....^---,---r--  

1.488 

Ouayabal 

808 

Julian  Diaz .  .. 

89 

LosPalados. 

2 
6 
2 

100 

Mantua -. -r 

l.OS 

Mariel 

'330 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


421 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  of  Pinar  del  Bio— Continaed. 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES— Continued. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 

mechan- 
ical in 

dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Pinar  dAl  W" 

12,940 
9,175 
1,468 
917 
246 
5,373 
2,601 
6,467 

6,817 

8 

669 

600 

181 

8,303 

1,520 

3,470 

306 
£99 
79 
24 
5 
76 
71 
134 

847 
$8S 
41 
12 
2 
58 
41 
94 

81 
68 
14 
5 

809 
665 
176 
84 
5 
98 
26 
66 

4,990 
96g 
489 

CityofJHnardelRio 

Ban  Cniito>>Ai 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafloa 

San  Diearo  de  Nufiez  .    ... 

242 
66 

Ran  Jnan  Y  Martinez . ,  r 

14 
14 
9 

1,729 
980 

San  T'P^**  

Viflal*-^ 

2,696 

The  province  r  ^ , 

58,673 

31,774 

1,778 

1,642 

263 

8,863 

19,863 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Artemisa 

Bahia  Honda.- 

Cabafias 

Candelaria 

Gonsolacion  del  Norte . 

Oonsolacion  del  Sur 

Guanajay 

Ouane 

Ouayabal 

Julian  Diaz 

LosPalacioe 

Mantua 

Mariel 

Pinar  del  Bio 

City  of  Pinar  del  Bio . . 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafios 
San  Diego  de  Nufiez  — 
San  Juan  y  Martinez  ... 

San  Luis 

Vifiales 

The  province 


2,779 

402 

550 

1,390 

2,513 

4,895 

3,053 

5,036 

033 

509 

708 

8,009 

1,063 

i;},083 

t,7S3 

1,354 

843 

210 

4,929 

2,563 

6,418 


56,334 


15 


83 


175 


82 


8 

79 

11 

327 

fSt? 


1,066 


2,744 

890 

661 

1,374 

2,440 

4,866 

2,948 

4,942 

918 

606 

687 

8,011 

1,046 

12,65^ 

1,815 
823 
207 
4,700 
2,617 
6,329 


64,960 


TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Artemisa 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabafias 

Candelaria.. 

Consolaci6n  del  Norte. . . . 

Cons61aci6n  del  Sur 

Guanajay 

Guane 

Guayabal 

Julian  Diaz 

Loe  Palacios 

M&ntua 

Mariel 

Pinar  del  Bio 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos  . 

San  Diego  de  Nunez 

San  Juan  y  Martinez  ... 

San  Luis 

Vifiales 

The  province , 


470 

62 

153 

221 

331 

664 

667 

1,177 

240 

46 

87 

468 

142 

2,750 

l,0f5 

152 

75 

45 

1,300 

477 

1,182 


10,718 


221 

28 

76 

118 

172 

357 

90 

706 

72 

22 

27 

271 

66 

1,126 

U 

77 

35 

30 

975 

281 

554 


5.300 


123 

21 

27 

40 

51 

174 

199 

200 

13 

14 

43 

108 


6U6 
51 
13 
5 

162 
85 

193 


2,234 


1 

4 

32 

6 

156 

J2S 

6 

6 

4 

40 

28 

44 


502 


00 


36 


2 

4 

i 

4 

44 

6 

10 

130 

7 

67 

2 

78 

1 

2 

3 

1 

30 

3 

2 

29 

335 

SI 

lU 

6 

2 

18 

2 

225 


66 

10 

27 

44 

48 

83 

170 

108 

60 

6 

10 


432 

187 
13 
10 
6 
98 
77 

158 


1,400 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


422  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  op  Pinar  del  Rio— Contmned. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districta 

Total 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
^on. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustHes. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
iwrsonal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

oocupa* 

tioi^ 

AA*temi8a 

421 

62 

127 

188 

291 

589 

501 

1,086 

184 

42 

82 

447 

114. 

2,436 

861, 

144 

61 

89 

1.212 

407 

1,026 

221 

28 

76 

118 

172 

357 

90 

707 

72 

22 

27 

271 

66 

1.125 

U 

77 

85 

30 

975 

281 

552 

128 

21 

27 

40 

51 

174 

196 

200 

13 

14 

48 

108 

86 

657 

59S 

51 

13 

5 

162 

83 

196 

22 
8 
21 
14 
12 
44 
50 
92 
6 
1 
4 
32 
6 
152 
•       119 
6 
6 
4 
39 
28 
43 

1 

83 

21 

BahiaHonda 

Cabafias           

2 
3 
4 

6 

8 
7 
2 
1 
3 
I 
3 
27 
19 
5 
2 

1 

Candelaria 

18 

Con8olaci6n  del  Norte ... 

Cone61aci6n  del  Sur 

44 

8 
8 

OuanaJav.. -. . 

136 
66 
75 
2 

22 

Onane 

13 

Guayabal 

16 

Julian  PIak 

2 

Los  Palacios 

5 

M&ntua                   .....  . 

39 

i 

Mariel 

3 

Pinar  del  Bio 

8» 

157 

148 

aty  of  Pinar  del  Bio 

San  Cristobal 

6S 
5 

San  Diego d©  los  Banos  ...... 

5 

San  Diego  de  Nunez 

San  Juan  y  Martinez 

San  LuiH 



7 

4 
6 

12 

17 
11 

Vifiales-.*. 

221 

u 

The  province. ...  .... 

9,447 

5,302 

2,204 

585 

92 

964 

310 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Artemisa 

49 
10 
26 
33 
40 
75 

166 
92 
66 
4 
6 
21 
28 

824 

161 
8 
14 
6 
88 
70 

166 

1 

8 

45 

Bahia  Honda 

10 

nfth*«wi 

26 

CSandelaria ....... ...... 

1 

1 

81 

Consolaci6n  del  Norte 

40 

Con861aci6n  del  Sur 

76 

Guanajay 

4 

2 

3 

I 
8 

157 

Guane  ...............  ......  . 

1 

90 

Guayabal. ...... 

68 

Julian  Diaz  ....  . .  . 

4 

Los  Palacios 

6 

M&ntua 

21 

Mariel 

2 
9 

7 

26 

Pinar  del  Rio , 

1 

24 

4 

U 

2 
8 

2B4 

City  of  Pinar  del  Bio 

San  Cristobal 

m 

8 

San  Diogo  de  los  Banos 

14 

San  Diego  de  Nunez 

6 

San  Juan  y  Martinez ... 

2 

2 

1 

6 
2 

4 

81 

San  Luis.r 

66 

Vl^ftl^fl 

1 

2 

147 

The  province 

1,271 

4 

80 

7 

7 

84 

1,189 

TOTAL  colored. 


Ar^Amiw 

8,090 

1,252 

2.387 

1,706 

1,835 

6,159 

2.483 

2,560 

588 

765 

890 

1,427 

1,338 

9,561 

757 
162 
436 
409 
531 

1,145 
276 
950 
208 
287 
160 
473 
224 

2,247 
1 

20 
10 

4 
13 

5 
36 
61 
28 

8 

99 

28 

70 

37 

26 
134 
216 

84 
5 
6 

21 

11- 

48 
899 

seo 

2 

442 
208 
452 
199 
108 
776 
417 
74 
88 
7 
151 
54 
288 
1.260 

i,m 

1,770 

Bahia  Honda   . .    . 

849 

r^nbnftAif     

1,486 

Candelaria 

1,048 

Con»olaci6n  del  Norte 

Cons61aci6n  del  Sur 

1 

1164 
4,068 

Guanajay.......    ......... 

1 
1 

1.5S2 

Guane  .. 

1.473 

Guayabal 

839 

Julian  Diaz 

466 

Lob  Palacios 

16 

8 

14 

182 

118 

548 

M&ntua 

2 

879 

Mariel 

790 

Pipur  del  Rio  .      ...       

4 
k 

5,629 

City  of  Pinar  del  Bio 

tm 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


423 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Peovince  op  Pinab  del  Rio — Contmaed. 

TOTAL  COLORED-Ck)ntlnued. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
i>orta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes. 

sional 

service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

8#Ti  Oi«*t"Nil       _  - 

1,288 
584 
634 
8,285 
1,967 
8,633 

289 
241 

n 

1,108 

584 

1,081 

9 
1 
1 

19 
15 
26 

26 
22 

9 
48 
39 
55 

166 
28 

149 

318 
92 

.176 

801 

San  Diego  de  loe  Bancs 

292 

San  Diefco  de  Nunez 

888 

1.892 
1,283 
2,346 

San  Luis. I 

4 

VifSftlAli 

The  province 

47,489 

11,634 

411 

1,826 

15 

5,282 

28,871 

COLORED  MALES. 


Artemisa ............. ...  -..- 

1,614 

560 

1,282 

888 

934 

8,019 

1,111 

1,828 

806 

890 

461 

718 

600 

4,707 

lytn 

664 

824 

286 

1,685 

980 

1,857 

754 
153 
425 

409 
526 

1,145 
276 
947 
208 
287 
160 
473 
224 

2,241 

1 

289 

225 

77 

1,102 
530 

1,025 

20 
10 

4 
18 

5 
36 
51 
28 

3 

96 

27 

69 

30 

22 

133 

190 

82 

6 

5 

19 

10 

41 

817 

t86 

22 

22 

7 

47 

88 

54 

2 

880 

161 
441 
148 
22 
688 
199 

412 

Bnhi#  HnndA.  ,        ,        . . ,    . 

199 

828 

Oi»nde1aria  r 

288 

CimRolacidn  del  Norte 

Gon861aci6n  del  Bur 

1 

858 

1,022 

884 

Ouanalav 

1 

Gnane  .. ,,... , 

821 

Quaya'bivl  . . .  r 

00 

Julian  "Diaz 

6 
120 

92 

LosPalacios 

16 

8 

18 

130 

W 

9 

1 

1 

19 
16 
26 

186 

MAntuA   r 

2 

225 

Mariel  

165 
428 

105 

157 

PiTi»T  del  Ri"   . , 

4 

1,687 
288 

City  of  Pinar  del  Bio 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos 

San  Diearo  de  Nunez  .    ...    . 

76 

119 
43 
49 
29 

81 

San  Juan  y  Martinez ......... 

474 

San  Luis  ....  .    ..  ... 

4 

844 

Vi«^ie« 

728 

The  province 

23,668 

11,476 

408 

1,186 

14 

8,048 

7.641 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


ATtem<«R.  - --,-.,_--  --- 

1,476 

702 

1,125 

823 

901 

8,140 

1,372 

1,232 

282 

875 

445 

709 

738 

4,854 

J,7S0 

625 

260 

849 

1,600 

987 

1,776 

3 
9 

3 

28 
2 

112 
42 
11 
56 
86 
98 

218 

74 

83 

1 

81 
64 

128 

822 

699 
60 
28 
80 

176 
48 

147 

1.868 

BabiaHon<)a . 

650 

Cftbafiftff 

1,118 

Candelaria. . ...... 

760 

Consolaci6n  del  Norte    ..... 

5 

806 

Cons61aci6n  del  Bur 

8,046 

OuanaJav         ....       ..    .. 

1  iS 

Onane  .   ..  -...,--   .,  .-  _ 

8 

1 

1,152 

Guayabal      -    .  ,- 

248 

Julian  Piaz 

874 

Lios  Palaclos  . 

2 

1 
2 
82 
75 
8 

412 

H&ntua 

664 

Mariel                .    . 

1 
2 
1 

612 

Pinar  del  Rio.. - 

6 

8.942 

City  of  Pinar  del  Bio 

San  Cristobal 



965 
662 

San  Diego  deles  Banos 

San  Diego  de  Nunez.. 

16 

216 

2 

1 
1 
1 

817 

San  JuaSa  v  Martinez    . 

6 

4 
6 

1.418 

San  Luis 

938 

VlfS#le«          

1,622 

The  province 

23,771 

58 

3  1           140 

1  1       2.i39 

21,880 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


424 


BEPOET   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Peovinoe  of  Puerto  Princjipe. 

total  population. 

[Figures  in  italicB  are  indnded  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Total 


Agricul- 
ture, 
flflberieB, 
and  min- 
ing. 


Trade 

and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


CiegodeAvila 

Mor6n 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

Citv  of  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Cruz  del  6ar 

The  province 


9,801 
9,680 
10,356 
63,140 
t5,10t 
6,806 


2,286 
2,296 
2,692 
8,647 
689 
1.838 


219 

287 

612 

1,867 

179 


172 

457 

2,616 

f,f« 
196 


24 

15 

40 

271 

tss 

9 


234   17,068 


8,004 


8,704 


469 
1,023 
6,296 

S,879 
371 


7,697 


6.473 
6.441 
6,781 
84.654 

1€,66U 
8,213 


66.412 


TOTAL  MALES. 


Ciearo  de  Avila - 

4.979 
4,922 

6,888 
26,225 
10,9  H 

2,885 

2,282 
2,298 
2.690 
8.533 
683 
1,332 

218 
286 
610 
1,818 
1,871 
178 

210 
109 
425 
2,119 
1,87U 
120 

21 

14 

82 

221 

189 

4 

228 

388 

445 

2.905 

2,317 
132 

2.025 

Mor6n  ,,,,-.-,-.-    -^^--^ 

1,883 

Nuevitas 

1,886 

Puerto  Principe.- 

10.634 

City  of  Puerto  Principe . . 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur.. 

h,U78 
1.119 

The  province  .......... 

44,899 

17,090 

2,964 

2.988 

292 

4,093 

17.547 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


CiegodeAvila 

Mor6n 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  of  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

The  province 


4,822 
4,708 
4,467 
26,916 
Ik, 190 
2,423 


43,335 


28 


60 


63 

82 

496 

78 


721 


67 


315 

81 

678 

2,391 

1,562 


3,604 


4,448 
4,658 
8,845 
28,920 
12,186 
2,094 


38,866 


TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Ciego  de  Avila 

Mor6n 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  of  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

The  province 


8,034 
8,436 
7,121 
89,196 
16,505 
8,562 


66,349 


1,820 
1,981 
1,854 

6,486 
It63 
906 


12,496 


123 
169 
298 
1,149 
889 
122 


1,861 


150 
128 
206 
1,181 
969 
89 


1,764 


12 
9 
26 
192 
167 
6 


246 


874 
442 
634 

2,638 

1,832 

152 


4,140 


6.666 
6,757 
4,703 
27,550 
IS, 18$ 
2,288 


45,863 


NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Ciego  de  Avila 

8,999 
4;  209 
8,615 

18,806 
6,761, 
1,884 

1,818 
1,929 
1,363 
6.474 

h58 
890 

123 
167 

298 

1.122 

862 

122 

U4 
66 
186 
865 

769 
38 

9 

8 

20 

150 

ISl 

3 

202 
888 

206 

1.630 

1,301 

26 

1,733 

Moron  ........................ 

■  I  711 

Nuevitas 

1,552 

Puerto  Principe......... 

8.567 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  . . 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

5,5W 
796 

The  province 

82,575 

12,473 

1,832 

1,269 

190 

2.452 

14,850 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


425 


Table  XXIV— CJontinued. 
Province  of  Puerto  PRiNCiPE—Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  proTince  or  district.] 


DistHcts. 

Total. 

Agrionl- 

tnre, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Mann- 
factor- 
ing and 

mechan- 
ical in- 

dnstriea 

Profes- 

sional 

service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

ClegodeAyila 

4,086 
4J67 
8,506 
20,888 
9,7U1 
1,678 

2 
2 

1 

12 
6 
6 

86 

62 

20 

316 

too 

61 

8 

1 

6 

42 

S6 

8 

172 
64 
828 
1,006 
Ml 
126 

8,822 

4,046 
8,161 
18,088 

1,402 

Moron  ........................ 

2 

Nnevitiw 

Puerto  Principe 

27 

27 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  .. 
Santa  Cmz  del  8nr 

38,774 

23 

29 

486 

66 

1,688 

31,404 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Clego  de  Avlla 

Moron 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  . . 
Santa  Cms  del  Sur 

The  province 


818 

197 

970 

2,269 

299 


186 
92 
446 
G60 

121 


1,466 


84 

64 

169 

670 

41 


9 
91 
166 
lis 
28 


827 


85 


8 

8 

142 

462 

576 
40 


640 


40 
23 
100 
860 

72 


FOREIGN  ^V^HITE  MALES. 


Ciego  de  Avlla 

Moron 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  of  Puerto  Principe 
3anta  Cmz  del  Sur 

The  province 


176 

850 

1,948 

h08U 


3,409 


186 
92 
446 

660 
7$ 
121 


1,458 


84 

64 

169 

609 

las 

41 


927 


91 
161 

lis 

21 


319 


76 


126 

409 

S52 

87 


672 


18 
6 
17 

104 
89 
13 


152 


FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Ciearo  deAvUa.. ........ ...... 

80 
22 
111 
311 
199 
66 

8 
8 
16 
43 

SU 
3 

27 

Mor'>n    ,T,.^-r..  ^--  -  --^- 

1 

18 

Nuevitas 

1 
1 

2 

6 
6 

1 

92 

Puerto  Principe 

1 
i 

6 
5 
2 

£56 

City  of  Puerto  Principe .. 
Sant» Cruz  del  Sur..,, r 

166 

69 

The  province 

539 

2 

1 

8 

9 

68 

451 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


Ciego  deAvila 

1,454 
997 
2,264 
11,685 
7,S1U 
1,447 

829 
278 
792 
1,401 
15k 
812 

12 
4 
45 

138 
100 
16 

74 

86 

160 

1,268 

1,1S8 

86 

161 
24 

347 
2,206 
1,671 

179 

878 

Moron 

661 

Nuevitas 

1 

27 
t€ 

1 

919 

Puerto  Principe - 

6,645 

Citv  of  Puerto  Principe . . 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

U,ssr, 

^53 

The  province 

17,847 

8,107 

215 

1,623 

29 

2,917 

9,956 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


426 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  op  Puketo  Peincipe— Continued, 

COLORED  MALES. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.! 


Districts. 

Total. 

A^rtcul- 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and  min- 

ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes. 

sional 

service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa* 

tion. 

Clegode  Avila 

697 

478 

1,4U 

5,409 

s,oeu 

767 

328 
272 
T92 
1.400 
15S 
312 

11 
4 

43 

122 
8U 
15 

58 
35 

148 
1,063 

993 
61 

21 

279 

Moron         -  ...       .......... 

167 

Nuevltas 

1 
25 

113 
866 

66U 
69 

817 

Puerto  Principe 

1,963 

City  of  Fvterto  Principe. . . 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

310 

The  province ._..... 

8,825 

3,104 

195 

1,306 

26 

1,089 

3,086 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Cif»godft  Avila 

757 
519 
850 
6,216 
A,f50 
680 

1 

1 

1 

16 

140 

24 

234 

1,840 

1,007 

110 

599 

Moron 

494 

Nuevitas 

2 

16 
16 

1 

12 
175 
1U5 

25 

602 

1 

1 

2 

t 
1 

4,682 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  . . 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

3,079 
543 

The  province  ....  .... 

9,022 

3 

20 

228 

3 

1.848 

6.920 

Province  op  SXnta  Clara. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Galabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegos 

City  of  Cienfuegos 

Cifuentes 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

Quemado  de  OUines 

RancboVeloz 

Ranchuelo.... 

Bodas 

Sagua  la  Grande 

City  of  Saaua  la  Orande 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. 
Sancti  Spiritus 

City  of  Sancti  SpiHtus  . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Bemedios . . 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas... 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

City  of  Trinidcui 

Taguajay 

The  province .... 


I 


11,190 
9,718 


366,536 


1,012 

958 

4,453 

4,210 

2,141 

1,641 

12,004 

901 

986 

960 

2,289 

1,124 

3,463 

2,658 

2,068 

834 

1,907 

2,049 

158 

4,151 

5,077 

76U 

2,004 

1,988 

1.419 

3,056 

6,774 

526 

2,146 

3,385 

4,440 

307 

2,744 


81,951 


149 
966 
351 
685 
104 
130 

3,829 

3,065 
102 
412 
134 
235 
296 
205 
161 
171 
296 

1,284 
9St 
191 
727 
5lt3 
71 
67 
87 
416 

1,073 
972 
288 
279 
592 
39U 


13,599 


155 

657 

696 

562 

180 

208 

3.942 

3,  HI 

162 

529 

165 

241 

622 

292 

288 

168 

263 

1.774 

1,316 

203 

1,310 

l,llt 

40 

100 

101 

798 

1.366 

l,t57 

358 

249 

1,169 

915 


16.817 


16 
37 
39 
36 
14 
12 
869 
g9U 
17 
45 
15 
22 
24 
12 
17 
14 
86 
136 
107 
15 
103 
8i 
11 
7 
8 
55 
191 
178 
31 
26 
86 
67 
27 


1,409 


286 
522 
548 
894 
340 
218 
5,294 

u,oou 

200 

1,541 

438 

908 

428 

206 

750 

546 

1.263 

3,899 

i,7ts 

682 

1,738 

1,375 

94 

587 

466 

1,719 

2,444 

t,t89 

1,628 

687 

2,129 

l,iOU 

608 


30,886 


2,397 
5,510 
7,437 
8,109 
8,515 
4.750 

33,700 

18,553 
2,358 
4,446 
4.770 
4.002 
7,128 
5,518 
4.2S8 
3,3» 
5,778 

12,200 
7,459 
7,890 

16.759 
8,8S8 
3,143 
8,696 
3,520 
8,789 

16.599 
8,51,1 
6.157 
6.846 

15.855 
8,173 
5,G66 


2U,924 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS, 


427 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  op  Santa  Clara— Continaed, 

TOTAL  MALES. 


[Fii^u'es  in  italics  are  inclnded  in  thoee  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Total. 


Aflricul' 

tare, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camajuanl 

Cartagena 

Gejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegos 

City  of  Cienfuegos 

Cifuentes 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas. 

Qnemado  de  GUines 

Bancho  Veloz 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Grande 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande 
San  Antonio  las  V ueltas  — 
Sancti  Spiritus 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

Han  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . . 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  IsaDel  de  las  Lajas ... 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

City  of  Trinidad 

Yaguajay 

The  province , 


2,112 
4,506 
7.562 
8,407 
8.563 
8,486 

82,173 

Ik, 589 
1,938 
4,170 
4,145 
8,569 
6.481 
4,762 
4.024 
2.521 
5,387 

10,907 
6,16S 
7.121 

12,046 
5,0S0 
2,896 
3,742 
2,988 
7,605 

14,582 
6,269 
5.606 
5,496 

11,688 
U.616 
5,664 


980 

962 
4.308 
4,196 
2,112 
1,564 
11,729 

891 

836 

964 
2,284 
1.124 
3,449 
2,579 
2.045 

831 
1,902 
2,004 

160 
4.137 
5,010 

7US 
1,998 
1,988 
1.402 
3,044 
6,757 

691 
2,146 
8,327 
4,367 

S6U 
2,741 


148 
964 
350 
679 
103 
129 

3.798 

S,0S8 
102 
408 
134 
233 
295 
203 
161 
170 
295 

1,277 
996 
191 
718 
6W 
77 
67 
87 
413 

1,063 
969 
287 
274 
586 
S99 
291 


148 

640 

575 

533 

129 

208 

3.562 

9,869 

146 

394 

162 

241 

503 

290 

197 

164 

263 

1,587 

1,161 

201 

1,028 

868 

40 

100 

100 

665 

1,140 

1,0U1 

366 

219 

1,113 

86U 

381 


215 


33 

270 

31 

685 

11 

306 

10 

191 

272 

8,492 

990 

9,610 

11 

74 

33 

1,166 

9 

344 

17 

778 

21 

321 

8 

115 

12 

397 

9 

469 

25 

1,182 

92 

2,634 

78 

l,7ia 

10 

610 

91 

854 

7U 

6S9 

8 

65 

5 

550 

8 

447 

45 

1,253 

136 

1,500 

ISO 

1,S8U 

29 

1,514 

21 

243 

66 

1,608 

519 


609 
1,532 
2,021 
2,283 

802 
1.380 
9,320 
6,061 

669 
1.206 
1,212 
1.176 
1,800 
1,567 
1,212 

878 
1.700 
8,313 
9,099 
2,072 
4,345 
9,171 

718 
1,023 

899 
2,195 
8,986 
9,99k 
1,274 
1.412 
8,869 
1,965 
1,711 


189,057 


80,866 


13,603 


15,160 


1,060 


22,190 


56,260 


TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camajuanl . 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegos 

City  of  Cienfuegos 

Clfuentee 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

Qnemado  de  GUines 

Rancho  Veloz 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Grande 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande  . 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. . 
Sancti-Spiritus 

City  of  Sancti-Spiritus . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios. . . 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara  . . . 
Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas . 
Santo  Domingo 


1.883 
4.144 
5,867 
6,088 
2.691 
8,468 

26.965 

15,kk9 
1,887 
3,783 
3,666 
2,968 
5,480 
4,128 
3.508 
2,538 
4.195 

10,435 
6,565 
5.711 

18.663 
7,666 
2,473 
2.703 
2,662 
7,228 

13,855 
7,501 
8.997 
4,876 


32 
6 

150 
14 
29 
77 

275 
10 
50 
16 
5 


681 


380 

S59 

16 

135 

3 


187 

15k 

2 

282 

9kk 


1 
143 
216 
916 

2 
30 


4 

8 

6 

4 

3 

2 

87 

7k 

6 

12 

6 

5 

3 

4 

5 

5 

10 

44 

99 

5 

12 

10 

3 

2 

5 

10 

56 

k8 

2 

6 


51 
133 
273 
209 

34 

27 

1.802 

l,l^k 

126 

375 

94 
125 
107 

90 
363 

77 

101 

1.265 

97k 

72 
879 
7W 

29 

28 

18 
466 

9a 

906 
109 
844 


1,788 
8,978 
6,416 
6.826 
2.623 
8.361 

24.380 

lS,k99 
1,680 
8,2a 
8,558 
2,826 
5,326 
8,951 
8.046 
2.448 
4.078 
8,887 
6,1,00 
5,618 

12,414 
6,667 
2.430 
2,673 
2,621 
6,594 

12,613 
6,317 
8,883 
4,484 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


428 


BEPOBT  ON  THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899, 
Table  XXIV— Continued. 


Pbovince  op  Sakta  Clara— CantiiixiecL 

TOTAL  P3MALES-C!ontinued. 
[Fignres  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.! 


Districts. 

Total 

Agricul- 
ture, 
flsheriee, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

BCanu- 
factur- 
ingand 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Trinidad 

12,583 

6,00U 
4,054 

78 
5 
3 

6 

i 

1 

56 

51 

8 

21 
16 
6 

431 

84 

11,«6 

City  of  Trinidad 

6,908 

Tagnajay 

3,9S7 

Theproyinoe ...... 

187,479 

1.065              OA 

1,657 

340 

8,646 

155, 6S5 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Abreus 

Caibarien..., 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegos 

City  of  CienfuegoM 

Cifuentes 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

guemado  de  Gtlhies 
ancho  Velos , 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  laOrande 

City  of  Sagua  la  Orande. 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. 
Sancti-Spirltus 

City  of  Sancti-^piritiu . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  delasTeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Bemedios . . 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas ... 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

City  of  Trinidad 

Yaguajay 

The  province 


2,2S7 
5,620 
7,600 
7,933 
3,852 
4,190 
32,200 
15, 7<?5 
2,450 
4,084 
5,602 
8,238 
7,214 
5,737 
8,823 
3,067 
5.427 
11,709 

7yOU5 

9.363 
18,738 
8,170 
4,098 
4,176 
4,105 
9,094 
18,300 
8,276 
4,872 
7,000 
13,746 
6,473 
5,471 


214,945 


454 

537 
2,222 
1,863 
1,146 

960 
5,437 

554 

558 

439 
1,494 

561 
1,796 
1,540 

937 

483 
1,000 
1,078 
68 
2,600 
8,896 

509 
1,508 
1,112 

856 
1,799 
4,242 

515 
1,069 
2.251 
2,608 

tl8 
1,412 


45,847 


410 

107 

166 

43 

51 

1,545 

l,t60 

42 

167 

65 

112 

116 

76 

50 

93 

109 

482 

550 

72 

423 

556 

81 

41 

41 

155 

545 

.h85 

154 

141 

365 

t50 

116 


5,776 


70 
348 

m 

201 

64 

111 

1,769 

1,458 

109 

261 

72 

107 

225 

135 

152 

87 

107 

883 

6h8 

86 

575 

455 

18 

60 

62 

384 

621 

566 

156 

147 

441 

SSI 

148 


7,565 


17 
15 
21 
13 

9 
227 
175 
12 
35 
10 
14 
15 

9 
10 
13 
26 
97 
75 

9 
82 
65 
11 

6 

8 
43 
150 
157 
12 
15 
63 
51 
17 


967 


58 
154 

96 

62 
160 

46 
1,472 
U0S8 

51 
415 
871 

18 
159 

72 
170 
212 
391 
1,148 
86S 


551 
86 
262 
458 
584 
970 
545 
662 
176 
1,044 


74 


10,  i 


1,579 
4.154 
4,988 
6,620 
2.43B 
8,018 
21.7S9 
ll,k90 
1.678 
S.797 
8. 500 
S.436 
4,904 
8,906 
2,594 
2.179 
8.794 
8,021 
6,0kl 
6,354 
12,899 

6,n6 

2,494 
2,685 
2,689 
6,128 
U,77S 
5,d5e> 
2.9» 
4.2^1 
0,2S5 
4,K7 
3,701 


144.508 


NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar.. 

Camajuani...... .......... 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegos 

City  of  Cienfuegos 

Cifuentes 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

gnemado  de  Gliines 
ancho  Veloz 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Orande 

City  of  Sagua  la  Orande  . 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas.. 


1,047 

453 

58 

70 

6 

53 

2,599 

535 

410 

337 

10 

131 

8,938 

2,207 

107 

162 

10 

73 

4,000 

1,856 

164 

188 

17 

13 

2,035 

1,146 

42 

64 

10 

167 

2,109 

952 

50 

111 

7 

44 

16,028 

5,374 

1,537 

1,600 

169 

1.164 

7,045 

554 

1,S5S 

1,S87 

150 

8S6 

1,206 

548 

42 

100 

7 

29 

1,951 

438 

167 

195 

25 

350 

2,892 

1.491 

65 

70 

5 

344 

1,559 

561 

111 

107 

10 

11 

8,559 

1,786 

116 

202 

12 

123 

2,893 

1,539 

75 

134 

6 

34 

1,917 

936 

50 

86 

6 

113 

1,449 

481 

92 

86 

9 

199 

2,764 

996 

106 

107 

16 

378 

5,582 

1,069 

479 

808 

61 

978 

5, 186 

67 

545 

591 

53 

709 

4,780 

2,591 

72 

85 

4 

226 

407 
1,178 
1.379 
1.763 

617 

m 

6,175 

S,S06 

480 

767 

917 

758 

1,S» 

1,1(16 

786 

m 

1,157 
2,181 
l,4tf 
1.808 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


429 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 

Province  of  Santa  Clara— Oontiniied. 

NATIVE  WHITE  BiALES-Contlnued. 

[Figrnres  in  italics  are  included  in  thoee  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Total. 


Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


Sancti-8piritU8 

City  of  Sancti'SpiHtuB 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Bemedioe 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara  - . . 
Santa  fsaoel  de  las  Lajas  . 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

City  of  Trinidad 

Yaguajay 

The  province 


8,770 
S,166 
2,163 
2,242 
2,004 
4,355 
8,994 
S,501 
2,683 
3,591 
6.688 
t,250 
2.883 


3.8n 

505 

1,500 

1,112 

842 

1,792 

4,231 

Sll 

1,059 

2,236 

2,501 

in 

1,412 


423 

sse 
31 
41 
41 
154 
541 
h81 
154 
138 
364 
250 
115 


406 

SUO 

18 

60 

61 

284 

489 

I4SU 

156 

128 

414 

t98 

145 


106,771 


46,606 


5,747 


28 
254 
447 
496 

785 
669 


973 
52 


687 


8,644 


3,407 

1,561 

578 

771 

700 

1,568 

2,860 

I.BIU 

765 

1,020 

2.803 

1,091 

1,148 


89,406 


NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Abreus 

1,180 
8,021 
3,662 
8,933 
1,817 
2.061 
16,181 
8,690 
1,244 
2,133 
2,710 
1,679 
3,655 
2,844 
1,906 
1.618 
2,663 
6,127 
S,H59 
4,583 
9,968 
6,00U 
1,035 
1,034 
2.011 
4  739 
9,306 
4.775 
2.189 
8.409 
7,068 

s,gss 

2.588 

1 
2 
15 
7 

1 
8 
63 

2 

7 

5 

4 

3 

2 

58 

h5 

6 

10 

6 

4 

3 

3 

4 

4 

10 

86 

.    6 
9 
7 
8 
2 
6 
6 
62 
1*5 
2 
5 

20 
15 
6 

6 

23 

25 

40 

8 

2 

308 

S02 

22 

66 

27 

7 

36 

38 

67 

13 

13 

>       176 

15k 

16 

236 

185 

8 

8 

11 

89 

185 

m 

23 
117 
71 

SS 
22 

1,172 

Caibarien       

U 
4 
13 

2,978 

C^nlabnzar 

8.613 

Camajuani 

2 

1 
1 
8 
8 

8.868 

Carta>gena .......... . ...... 

1,809 

Cejade  Pablo 

2,068 

Clenfuegoe  .....  ......... 

160 
151 

9 
66 

2 

16,584 

City  of  Cienfueao9 

8,S8k 

Cifuentes 

10 

1 
3 

1,198 

Cruces 

2,000 

f?8peranza 

2,673 

PaTmira                      .    . . 

1 

i" 

1,667 

Placetas  - 

9 
1 
1 
2 
2 
9 
1 
9 
26 
U 
8 

23 

1 
66 

1 

8.584 

Quemadode  QUines 

2.800 

ftancho  Veloz 

1,778 

1 
1 
3 

g 

1,597 

Rodas 

2,637 

Sagua  la  Qrande 

77 
57 
1 
187 
1U3 

6,827 

"city  of  Sagxia  la  Grande . . 
f^T^  A'ntf^plo  de  las  Vneltan. . 

9,6SS 
4.662 

Rancti-Sniritns 

9,532 

City  of  Sancti'SpiHtus  . . . 
San  Diego  del  Valle     

U,66S 

1,916 

San  Fernando  ^., 

1,924 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

14 
7 
11 

U 

1 
100 
132 

m 

1,980 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedies . . . 
Santa  Clara 

1 
4 

u 

4.536 
8,922 

dtp  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Xsaoel  de  las  Lajas 

Santo  Domingo............... 

k,U16 
2,164 

16 
17 

1 

3 

1 

19 

27 

3 

8,250 

Trinidad 

6,922 

Citv  of  Trinidad 

S,U6 

Yaguajay 

1 

2,566 

The  province 

108,174 

241 

29 

883 

280 

1.044 

106.007 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Abreus  .  .    ..........  ... 

404 

1,068 

1,016 

8,233 

504 

216 

6.876 

S,k85 

166 

716 

143 
147 
448 

1,212 
389 
90 

1.901 
178 
53 
139 

73 
465 
198 
394 

48 

57 
1,951 
1,577 

50 
172 

M 
115 
162 
138 
14 
29 
674 
k06 
13 
60 

7 

17 

12 

13 

1 

3 

108 

91 

5 

8 

105 
137 

48 
690 

23 

40 

Caibarien 

187 

148 

780 

Cartagena 

29 

Cejade  Pablo 

86 

Cienfuegos 

911 

607 

8 

218 

086 

City  of  CienfuegoM 

Cifnentes  ...•■-...... .. 

6t7 
87 

Crnoee 

118 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


430 


BEPORT  ON  THE   CENSUS   OP  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 

Pbovincsb  op  Santa  CLARA-^Continned. 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHTTE-CkHitlnned- 

[Fignres  in  italloB  are  Included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

TotaL 

Agrioul- 

ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 

and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Hana- 
factur- 
ing  and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 

tion. 

RffperanzA. 

262 

556 

1,406 

611 

474 

233 

866 

2.048 

i,157 

1,864 

666 

S91 

212 

S04 

180 

1.438 

1.972 

916 

666 

431 

539 

«47 

1.306 

163 
192 
769 
223 
248 
106 
295 
806 

189 
S9 
137 
287 
110 
615 
811 
^5 
344 
218 
203 
17 
4«5 

63 
97 
153 
99 
80 
62 
152 
611 
UlS 
106 
236 
277 
33 
26 
35 
199 
407 
S68 
74 
96 
171 
IIZ 
148 

18 
65 
103 
87 
47 
22 
W 
276 
Uk 
54 
72 
Bl 
3 
27 
13 
86 
86 
70 
60 
31 
35 
15 
86 

2 

7 
8 
8 
6 

86 

Palmira  ,,r,.,...,.    -  ,.-r-- 

163 

84 

25 

2 

17 

240 

462 

t90 

175 

47 

A7 

7 

164 

82 

Placetas 

291 

Qnemado  de  OtUnes 

BanchoVeloz ....... 

74 
91 

Ranchnelo .................... 

27 

Rodas 

8 
32 

n 

6 
14 

It 

104 

Sagua  la  Grande 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vneltas.. 
Sancti-Spiritns 

206 

m 

434 
108 

CitvofSancti'Spiritua.... 
San  Dieeo  del  Valle 

65 
82 

San  Fernando ... . ............ 

1 

80 

SKf\  Jnan  de  las  Teras .      ... 

81 

San  Jnan  de  los  Remedios . . . 
BafitnOInra , 

\\ 

32 

59 

6 

,1 

15 
10 

fan 

267 

£65 

4 

5 

82 

5f 

841 

254 
369 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas 

Bftntn  Pomingo 

m 

68 
70 

Trinidad 

80 

City  of  Trinidad 

57 

Yagaajay. ........ 

255 

29.823 

11,341 

6,248 

2,888 

342 

4.446 

5,068 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Abrens .— 

367 
908 
888 

2,496 
486 
185 

5,637 

t,900 
133 
616 
237 
533 

1,141 
443 
400 
221 
767 

1,768 
967 

1,463 
689 
Sl^ 
184 
518 
185 

1,199 

1,658 
807 
500 
374 
479 
t07 

1,082 

143 
147 
447 
1,209 
389 

90 

1,896 

177 

53 
130 
153 
192 
767 
223 
246 
106 
294 
366 

5A 

1,086 

188 

S9 
137 
287 
110 
615 
811 

344 
217 
208 
17 
465 

72 

464 

108 

300 

48 

57 

1,932 

1,563 

50 

160 

S3 

06 

152 

06 

80 

62 

152 

608 

U5 

106 

286 

177 

33 

26 

36 

100 

402 

S6S 

74 

06 

171 

lis 

148 

36 

114 

162 

135 

14 

20 

560 

S$S 

13 

60 

18 

66 

1U3 

87 

46 

22 

67 

272 

161 

54 

71 

50 

3 

27 

13 

85 

85 

69 

60 

31 

34 

lU 

86 

5 
16 
11 
13 

1 
3 
87 
75 
4 
6 
2 
6 
8 
2 
5 

106 
132 

48, 
672 

23 

6 

CaibaHen 

30 

f^ifrhiwar  . 

22 

7t 

Cartagena . . .......... 

U 

Cejade  Pablo    

6 

Cienfuegos 

8n 

574 

7 

217 

191 

City  of  Cienfuegos 

Cifnentes 

119 
6 

Cmces . 

25 

Kwperanza 

U 

Palmira 

162 
75 
24 

12 

Placetas 

86 

Qnemado  de  Gllines... ........ 

0 

RanchoVeloz 

23 

Ranchnelo.................... 

17 
236 
450 
f75 
160 
45 
A5 
7 
164 

16 

Rodas 

8 
26 

1 

13 
11 

10 

Sagna  la  Grande 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande. . 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vneltas.. 
Sancti  Spiritos 

46 
54 
51 
86 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritua . .. 
San  Diego  del  Valle 

ti 
4 

San  Fernando. 

1 

8 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

7 

8an  J  uan  de  los  Remedios . . . 
Santa  Clara ..... 

7 

82 
St 
6 
0 
18 
IS 
10 

263 

261 

i61 

2 

30 
67 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  .... 
Santo  Domingo .r,. ....... 

55 

14 
21 

Trinidad.. 

32 

St 
330 

21 

City  of  Trinidad 

18 

Yagnajay 

34 

The  province . . 

25.336 

11,322 

6,207 

2.861 

305 

4.312 

829 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


431 


Table  XXIV.— Continued. 
Province  op  Santa  Clara — Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  proyinoe  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in 
dustries. 

Profes- 

sional 

service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Abreus.. ............... ....... 

37 

165 

!)» 

787 

18 

80 

839 

685 

33 

99 

25 

23 

287 

68 

74 

12 

99 

276 

no 

401 
77 
IS 
28 
81 
24 
237 
814 

m 

56 
57 
60 
kO 
223 

1 
I 

2 

1 
1 

34 

Gaibarienx... 

1 

5 

167 

1 
3 

126 

4 

3 

18 

709 

Cartafena...... 

18 

Cejade  Pablo 

80 

Cienfuegos 

5 

1 

19 
IB 

14 
It 

16 
16 
1 
2 

40 

55 

1 
1 

745 

City  of  CienfuegoM 

Cifuentes. -. 

608 
81 

Cruces..... ....... ...... ...... 

3 

93 

25 

Palmira  .  ....,    ...,rr,„--T-- 

i 

1 
1 

1 

1 
9 
1 
2 

20 

Plaoetas 

2 

256 

Quemado  de  G1\ines  - . 

1 

1 

65 

nancho  Veloz 

2 

1 

68 

Ranchuelo... 

12 

Rodaii                         .    . 

1 

4 
12 

7 

15 
2 

94 

SagTia  la  (Grande 

3 

4 
5 

6 

5 

250 

"City  of  Sagua  la  Orande. . 
8an  Antonio  de  las  Vueltaa. . 

159 

3 

1 

883 

Sancti  Spiritus 

1 
1 

1 
1 

72 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus. . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle ... 

Rah  T*4^i*nAndo 

U 

28 

81 

8an  Juan  de  las  Yeras   

24 

Ban  Juan  de  los  Remedies . . . 

1 

1 
I 

4 

8 
6 
U 
2 
6 

224 

Santa  Clara 

5 

5 

802 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  xsaoel  de  las  Lajas 

f^nt'*  Domingo -..  ^ 

98 

54 

1 

2 

49 

Trinidad 

1 
J 

59 

Citv  of  Trinidad 

59 

Yagnajay 

.        2 

221 

The  province  .......... 

4,487 

19 

a  1         ::7 

37 

134 

4,229 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartagena. 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegos 

Ci  tyof  Cienfuegos 

Cifuentes 

Cruces — 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas  

Quemado  de  GtUnes 

Kancho  VeUw 

Ranchuelo. 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Orande 

City  of  Saqua  la  Grande. . 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. . 
Sancti  Spiritus 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedies . . . 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Lnbel  de  las  Lajas 


1,364 

415 

18 

49 

1 

103 

1,9»12 

274 

91 

194 

3 

231 

4,808 

1,783 

46 

268 

12 

397 

3,329 

1,135 

125 

228 

1 

142 

1,888 
2,549 
20,543 

606 

601 

4,666 

13 
22 
833 

52 

68 
1,699 

157 

172 

2,911 

29 

10,818 

589 

tt8 

1,57« 

«8 

f,S59 

1,209 

375 

10 

40 

141 

3,154 

402 

78 

206 

2 

908 

1,947 

642 

16 

75 

3 

67 

2,733 

871 

26 

60 

1 

722 

3.339 

899 

27 

204 

1 

185 

2,642 

895 

80 

70 

108 

3,235 

873 

81 

89 

1 

578 

1,759 

246 

16 

59 

1 

317 

3,269 

612 

85 

89 

1 

652 

7,590 

605 

191 

615 

7 

2,289 

U,61»6 

50 

ise 

508 

5 

1,580 

1.005 

462 

13 

63 

165 

6,305 

992 

68 

663 

7 

863 

A,  755 

t06 

50 

578 

7 

777 

1.050 
1,675 

859 
589 

13 

19 
13 

51 
161 

1,306 

453 

11 

26 

. 

7 

4,303 

642 

02 

328 

1 

864 

8,165 

1,721 

121 

649 

9 

1,207 

U,57S 

165 

119 

GSl 

9 

1,181 

4.166 

743 

60 

133 

13 

1,057 

778 

1,160 

2,297 

1,703 

1,060 

1,701 

11,005 

6,IM 

643 

1,561 

1,144 

1,544 

1,933 

1,539 

1.663 

1,120 

1,880 

3,883 

t,t7t 

902 

8.712 

lff5S7 

617 

912 

809 

2,406 

4,458 

S,U77 

2,160 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


432 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  op  Santa  CLARA—Continiied. 

TOTAL  eOLORED-Continnod. 
[Figrnres  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agrical- 

ture, 
flsbeHes, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

BCana- 
factur- 
ingand 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustHes. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Withont 
gainfal 
occupa- 
tion. 

Banto  Dominffo. .....r- 

2,941 
9.086 
6,  LOO 
2,942 

916 

1,QS9 

isi 

867 

40 
66 
51 
28 

71 
693 

679 
130 

2 
6 

S 

406 
1,063 

706 
188 

1,506 

Trinidad 

6.560 

City  of  Trinidad 

5,P45 

YagnaJftT .        .    ............. 

1,709 

The  province 

111,768 

24,763 

1,675 

6,804 

100 

16,102 

OS,  364 

COLORED  MALES. 


Abrens 

Caibarien 

Calabazar , 

Camajnani 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfnegos 

City  of  CienfueffOM. 

Cifnentes 

Cmces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas  

Qnemado  de  GtUnes 

KanchoVeloz 

Ranchnelo 

Rodas 

Sagna  la  Grande 

City  of  Sciaua  la  Grande. 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vneltas 
Sancti  Spiritna 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritua  . 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Joan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedies . . 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isanel  de  las  Lajas  ... 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

City  of  Trinidad 

Yaguajay 

The  province 


688 
1,004 
2,726 
1.911 
1,082 
1.192 
10,008 
U,6UU 

689 
1,608 
1.016 
1,477 
1,781 
1.426 
1,707 

851 
1,836 
3,667 
9,010 

878 
2,687 
1,5£1 

649 

987 

679 
2.051 
8.980 
1,96U 
2,414 
1,631 
4.521 
i,069 
1,689 


56,050 


384 
270 

1,649 

1.131 
678 
622 

4,459 
S80 
335 
387 
640 
371 
896 
817 
863 
245 
610 
560 
l^ 
460 
951 
fOJ 
356 
588 
450 
637 

1,715 
16U 
743 
874 

1,573 
ISO 
864 


23,988 


18 
90 
46 

125 
13 
22 

329 

tsu 

10 
72 
16 
26 
27 
80 
81 
16 
86 
190 
135 
13 
69 
t7 
18 


U 
60 
120 
118 
60 
40 
51 
S9 
28 


1,549 


42 

189 

251 

210 

51 

63 

1,398 

1,189 

33 

139 

74 

69 

288 

69 

65 

56 

89 

600 

A09 

62 

549 

m 

19 
13 
26 
286 
666 
538 
131 
60 
665 
552 
150 


6,117 


77 


57 
126 
149 


136 

147 

16 

15 

1.457 

1,100 

88 

2 
2 

500 

I 
1 

005 
123 

57 

1 

284 
263 

1 
5 
3 

568 

1,211 

7ff7 

124 

5 

5 

221 

sn 

30 

141 

495 
454 

454 
973 
184 
093 
1^0 
128 


0.234 


COLORED  FEMALES. 


Abrens 

666 
958 
2,077 
1,418 
856 
1,857 
9.985 

6,m 

610 
1,551 

931 
1.256 
1.558 
1.216 
1,628 

908 
1.433 
4.083 
t,5S6 

31 
4 

134 

4 

28 

69 

207 

9 

40 

15 

2 

7 
5 
17 
13 

1 

46 

105 

248 

142 

81 

25 

1,454 

l,t59 

108 

318 

67 

117 

62 

61 

294 

64 

64 

1,078 

813 

682 

Caibarien  

1 
1 

843 

ORlabarrftr       .     ...... 

1.677 

Camajuani 

1.250 

Cartagena 

796 

Cejade  Pablo 

1.2S8 

Cienfueiros     .      ............. 

4 

4 

206 
139 

7 

1 

13 
IS 

8,051 

City  of  CienfuegoB 

Cifnentes 

4,700 
460 

Cruces - 

1 

i' 

1.118 

Esperanza ,... 

860 

Palmira 

1,130 

Placetas 

3 

7.S 
10 
1 
2 
36 
1 

6 

1 

24 

3 

1.487 

Qnemado  deGtlines 

1.086 

KanchoVeloz ................ 

1.200 

Ranchnelo 

1 

839 

Rodas 

1.347 

Sagna  la  Grande 

City  of  Sagua  la  Orande . . 

1 
1 

106 

9k 

2 
t 

2.810 
1,6U 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OOOUPATIONB. 


433 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 

Pkovince  of  Santa  Claba— Contiiiiied. 

COLORED  PEMALES-CJontinued, 

[Figures  In  ita&cs  are  Included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 

sional 

service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

f^n  Antonio  de  Iaii  YunltAA.  _ 

727 
8,eiB 

510 
688 
627 
2,252 
4;236 
9,618 
1,762 
1,410 
5,465 
S,SU 
1,243 

2 
41 
6 
8 

1 
114 
100 

41 
642 

666 
21 
20 
7 
369 
753 
7f7 
84 
222 
380 
986 
60 

683 

Banoti  Bpiritufl 

9 
5 

2 
5 

2,810 

1,91*8 

486 

City  of  SancH  SpiHiua . . . 
San  Diego  del  Valle.., 

San  Fernando 1 

668 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras.... .... 

8 
5 
6 

1 

617 

San  J  nan  de  1 06  Bemedios . . . 

2 

1 
1 
1 

42 

88 

8S 

2 

11 

28 
97 

1.834 

Santa  Clara 

3 

S 

8,889 
1,803 
1,665 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

nanta  fsanel  do  las  TjalfMT ,   . 

Santo  Domingo 

42 
66 

8 

1,135 

Trinidad  ...-- 

5 
t 

1 
1 

5i0i5 

City  of  Trinidad 

S,09S 

YfuniaJaY ., ........... 

1,180 

The  province.. ...... 

54,81B 

S26 

26 

747 

23 

6,868 

46,329 

Province  of  Santiago. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 


AltoSongo • 

Baraooa 

Bayamo -- 

Campechuela 

Caney  

Cobre 

CrlBto 

Gibara 

Gnantanamo 

Holguin 

Jignani 

Manzanillo ................... 

City  ofMamanUlo 

Mayari 

Niquero 

Fauna  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  deT&namo 

San  Luis : 

Bantiago  de  Cuba 

City  of  Santiago  de  C%^>a. 

The  province 


12,770 

4,848 

151 

249 

17 

201 

21,9a 

4,539 

528 

480 

60 

876 

21,198 

4,675 

330 

322 

36 

511 

7,860 

2,2S» 

178 

214 

11 

149 

9,126 

2,840 

185 

436 

27 

789 

10.707 

2,845 

129 

417 

15 

U8 

1,194 

180 

52 

71 

10 

94 

81,594 

7,184 

888 

1.097 

74 

1.029 

28,063 

5.920 

834 

1,644 

77 

1.591 

84.506- 

8.960 

666 

676 

73 

565 

10,496 

2,010 

107 

108 

9 

417 

82,288 

5,904 

1.288 

1,688 

100 

1,455 

1U,1>6U 

666 

1,199 

l,hS9 

90 

1,S71 

8,504 

1,848 

133 

148 

16 

231 

2,n8 

400 

72 

38 

7 

197 

12.806 

3.829 

150 

157 

11 

103 

19,984 

4.651 

291 

816 

81 

486 

5,796 

1,530 

95 

85 

5 

99 

11.681 

2.902 

219 

352 

20 

310 

45,478 

1,917 

3.079 

6.397 

429 

5,505 

1^,090 

1,U19 

S,06S 

6,S81 

U99 

6M9 

fi7,715 

68,699 

9,270 

14.895 

1,028 

14.885 

7.714 
15.461 
15.319 

4,589 

4.869 

7.18:) 

8(17 

21,32:* 

17,997 

23,666 

7,844 

21,858 

9,869 

6,128 

1,995 

8,055 

14,210 

8,9K2 

7,878 

28,061 

96,  Shi 


218,936 


TOTAL  MALES. 


AltoSongo 

Baraooa 

Bayamo 

Campechuela 

Caney 

Cobre 

Cristo 

Gibara 

Gnantanamo 

Holguin 

Jiguani : 

Manzanillo 

City  of  Manzanillo 

Mayari. 

Niquero 

Palxna  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre...: 

24662 28 


6,525 

3.636 

146 

192 

14 

202 

11.141 

4,517 

525 

472 

45 

592 

10,311 

4,666 

327 

321 

21 

411 

4,107 

2,221 

176 

211 

9 

113 

5,478 

2,814 

180 

402 

28 

612 

5.443 

2,795 

127 

404 

15 

62 

663 

158 

51 

66 

9 

61 

16.126 

7,146 

884 

1,076 

58 

090 

14,476 

5,721 

831 

1,540 

64 

1,174 

17.020 

8.988 

560 

626 

69 

332 

5.104 

2,006 

107 

107 

7 

m 

15.666 

5,886 

1,276 

1.563 

70 

1.012 

6,618 

566 

1,199 

1,S15 

65 

958 

4,280 

1.848 

133 

147 

16 

186 

1,873 

406 

72 

37 

6 

187 

6.396 

3,800 

150 

1,j2 

10 

52 

9,940 

4.627 

391 

313 

27 

425 

2,335 
4.990 
4.575 
1,377 
1,444 
2,040 
218 
6.272 
6,146 
6.505 
2,472 
5,859 

1.955 

663 

2,232 

4,257 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


434 


ftEPORT   ON   THE    CBNBtJS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Provincb  of  QkirsiAQO-^^^ootimnad, 

TOTAL  MAL.EB-CkntiM6d. 
tFignres  in  italics  are  lncl«d«d  in  tboee  Car  the  prorftftod  or  dtetxset.] 


Districts.                    Tcftal. 

Asri^l- 

flabsriea. 
and  min- 
ing. 

(p_.«i^   1  Manu- 
fciSi      «ng  and 

**™-     |du8trie8. 

Profes- 

sionul 

service. 

Domes- 
tic And 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occnpa- 

tion. 

tMljui  ilo  Tfcnsmo.. 

2,978 
5,806 
21, 118 
19,ifgS 

1,536 
2,857 

1,888 

04  '            83 

8 

13 
817 

$17 

m 

8,489 

l.»7 

SuLnis 

SMitiagodeCnbs 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

215 
2,995 

t,979 

283 
4.996 
U,980 

7,483 

The  provinctt 

108,846 

67,443 

9,140 

12,991 

.789 

io^Ke 

63^  sn 

TOTAL  FEMALEa 


Alto  Bongo 

Baracoa 

Bayamo 

Campechoela , 

Oaney 

Oobre 

Cristo 

Gibara 

Oaantanamo 

Holgnin  

Jiguanl 

ManzaniUo 

City  of  Manzanillo 

UaTAn 

Kiqiiero 

Pauna  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  de  T4namo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba 

The  province 


6,245 

10,803 

10,882 

8,262 

3,648 

5,264 

631 

U.466 

13,587 

17,486 

5,391 

16,622 

7y9U6 

4,224 

1,345 

5,909 

10,044 

2.828 

5.876 

24,360 

95,168 


163,870 


712 

22 

19 

7 

26 

V 

36 
199 
22 

4 
18 

1 

5 

1 

29 
24 

4 
45 
29 
t9 


57 

8 

1 

d 

84 

18 

5 

21 

104 

50 

1 

125 

1th 

1 

1 

5 

3 

2 

69 

1,401 

IMl 


3 
15 
15 

2  ; 

1 


1 

16  , 
13 
14  I 

2 

80  I 
t5 


\\ 

4 
2 

7  I 
112  ! 
lit 


=^ 

100 

86 

157 

56 

33 

338 

417 

233 

12 

443 

klS 

45 

10 

51 

60 

69 

143 

2,156 


5.379 

10.^ 

10.744 

8,212 

3,425 

5,143 

580 

15,060 

12,851 

17,161 

5,372 

15,909 

7,  .576 

4.173 

U83i 

5.823 

».OSB 

.  2.736 

d,ia8 

29.5% 
t»sS9t 


1,266  i 


130, 


1,904  1 


239 


4,723,.    155,618 


TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITPE. 


AltoSongo 

Baracoa 

Bayamo * , 

Campechuela. 

Caney 

Cobre 

Cristo 

Gibara.... 

Gnantanamo 

Holgniu  

Jifnianl 

Manzanillo 

City  of  ManzaniUo 

Mayari 

Niquero  

Palina  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Saguade  T&naroo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cnba.^ 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba 

The  province 


2.971 
9,394 

11,110 
8,971 
2.616 
2,259 
510 

24,244 
7,028 

20,610 
6,179 

18,115 
8,fiSS 
6,143 
1,868 
5,947 

14,659 
8,500 
2.967 

15.711 

15,  sr^ 


167,797 


806 

2,232 

2,598 

1,118 

660 

578 

65 

5,398 

1,3S6 

7,746 

1.198 

8,197 

Stl 

1,130 

252 

1,827 

8,248 

941 

595 

509 

uos 


89 
205 
224 
120 
60 
52 
27 
515 
271 
883 
T9 
709 


44 

87 

198 

48 

97 

1,320 

1, 3  IS 


35,424  { 


4,596 


129 

,  108 

95 

90 

67 

15 

527 

299 

308 

23 

647 

57$ 

52 

23 

42 

135 

28 

95 

1,298 

J,S96 


4,033 


14 

^  I 

V... 
V 

6  . 
47 
41 
52 

6 
75 
67 
10 

5 

9 
24 

lii 

313  , 

SIS  1 


90 

m 

161 

54 

14 

2 

21 

744 

28 

426 

228 

582 

570 

125 

150 

18 


48 
972 

9h6 


715  :       4,209 


K 

1,552 

376 

i7,018 

5,003 
20.605 

4,645 
12.906 

6,m 

3,756 


2,119 
10.99K 


118,820 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


O00UPATrON«. 


486 


Table  XXI V^-Contiiiu^. 

I^oviNCE  OF  Bantiaoo— Continnedl 


NATIVE  W^ITE  MAL.ES. 
IFiffores  in  italicti  are  iztclnded  in  thooe  for  the  prorince  or  district.] 


Dtetrlot. 


Alto  Songo , 

fiaracoa , 

B^yamo :.... 

OAnipechn«la t , 

Caney 

Cobre 

Crirto 

Oibara  

Guantanamo ,.. 

Holgnin  

Jiguani , 

Bianzanil'to 

City  ofVanzanillo , 

ilayi^. 

Kiqaero - 

Pahna  Soriano v 

Puerto  Pad« -. 

Sagnade  T&namo..'. 

San  Luis.:.. ^ , 

Santiago de  Cuba  ...v 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba, 

The  province 


Totftl 


1,544 
4,765 
5,880 
2.151 
1.365 
1,191 
243 
12,164 

3,4ao 

8,491 
S,5ti5 
2,590 

3,064 
7,279 
1,759 
1,440 
6,943 
6,702 


A«ricnl- 

ture, 
flsh^rleR, 
ana  min- 
ing. 


753 

2,224 

2,590 

1,114 

659 

576 

65 

6,372 

1,319 

7,724 

8,186 
SSI 

1,125 
251 

1,814 

3,234 
940 
592 
507 


Trade 
ana 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


85 
204 
222 

118 
68 
51 
27 
513 
271 


706 

600 

68 

44 

87 

196 

48 

97 

1,311 

1,S0U 


Manu- 
fa<Jtur- 
ing  and 
mechan- 
ical 4n- 
dnstriea 


32 

128 

106 

92 

79 

65 

15 

510 

298 

290 

23 

584 

51S 

52 

22 

40 

133 

27 

66 

861 

S.59 


82,292  ,      35,240  i 

I  I 


4,568  I        3,420 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


tic  and 
personal 
service. 


8 
217 
il7 


506 


83 

iii" 

44 

17 
036 


446 
Wi 
113 

Via 

13 


13 
40 
843 
W7 


8,523 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


m 

2,18S 

2;  800 

'  m 

667 
491 
114 
5,099 
1,575 
5.702 
1,496 
8,600 

I     4M 

UlQt 
.  a,2S8 
•  781 
!  637 
8,901 
a,io5 


8&.oe8 


NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


AltoSongo..  . 

Baracoa 

Wyamo 

Campec'huete. 

Caney 

Cobre 

Cristo 

Gibara 

Guantanamo . 

Holguin 

^iguani 

Hanzanillo  . 


City  of  AfanzaniUo  . 
yarl.— 


Hayi 

Viquero 

Falma  Soriano 

Ihierto  Padre 

BuguadeTinamo... 

84n  Luis 

B*ntiago  de  Cuba 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba 


The  province . 


1,427 

4,629 

5,724 

1,820 

1,253 

*    1,068 

267 

12,080 

3,539 

15,142 

3,157 

9,624 

U,768 

2,553 

923 

2,883 

7,380 

1,741 

1,527 

8,768 

8,566 


85,505 


184 


28 


20 

3 

1 

15 

15 

8 

2 

11 

1 

2 

1 

2 
2 
1 

29 
437 
h37 


613 


207 


52 
•39 
10 
14 
'2.1 

4 
106 
28 
94 

3 

136 

ISU 

12 

7 

5 
30 
17 

& 
129 


686 


1,346 
4.662 

1,799 
1,224 
'  1,061 
262 
11,914 
3.488 
14,998 
3,190 

,  914 
.2vb62 
7,381 
1,720 
1.402 


3,787 


TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


AHoSongo 

Baracoa 

Bayamo 

C)ai]^pechii6ia 

Caney 

Cobre 

Cristo 

Oibara 

X^antanamo 

^diguin..M(. 

Jiguani  ....- -'... 

SSnzanillo- 

City  ofJU^nzanmo 


233 

143 

613 

243 

219 

116 

318 

207 

1,602 

921 

244 

,  Wl 

77 

10 

1,506 

645 

1,843 

581 

681 

348 

63 

41 

1,224 

248 

919 

65 

?9 

6 

41 

27 

48 

T(  1  .88 

186 

14 

86 

66 

14 

5 

2 

16 

40 

28 

3 

37 

13 

101 

97 

15 

489 

60 

26 

32 

5 

22 

28 

19 

8 

3 

•  22 

15 

305 

116 

28 

64 

8S2 

455 

118 

27 

387 

g?j5 

144 

49 

18 

2 

' '  '  "  '12p 

11 

7 

1 

'  ■  •'  '■•'§ 

44;^ 

150 

20 

186 

'^' '  H8 

407 

115 

18 

ise 

1S$ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


436 


BEPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  18TO. 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 
Province  op  Santiago — Contmnedi 

TOTAL  FOBEIQN  WHITB-0)ntlnued. 
[Fignres  in  Italios  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

TotaL 

A^cul- 

ture. 
flshertes, 
and  min- 
ing. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
^on. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

oocupa- 

tionT 

M»yari 

Niqnero  

Pfhlini^  Soriano 

184 
6S 
128 

aj7 

83 

466 

3,468 

58 
17 
76 
141 
81 
194 
S41 

46 
28 
24 
78 
84 
76 
1,212 

9 
9 
9 
19 
7 

28 
276 
276 

4 
2 

17 

8 
6 

8 
14 

Puerto  Padre 

4 
8 
4 
68 
68 

26 

SfMrna  dft  T&namo , 

2 
46 

9SB4 
913 

6 

San  Luis 

Raotiaffo  do  Cuba 

123 

737 

Cify  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

75? 

The  province 

13,818 

4,303 

8,818 

1,006 

219 

2,201 

2,148 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


AltoSongo 

208 

542 

207 

806 

1,629 

222 

66 

1,194 

1,569 

678 

60 

1,080 

810 

119 

67 

116 

249 

80 

868 

2,812 

.f ,  796 

189 
242 
115 
207 
921 
131 

10 
648 
679 
848 

41 
246 

ei 

58 
17 
76 
141 
81 
198 
241 

29 
186 
66 
40 
96 
26 
19 
804 
466 
148 
11 
448 
407 
46 
28 
24 
78 
84 
76 
1,197 
1,195 

5 

41 

14 

28 

96 

31 

8 

116 

116 

48 

7 

167 

lis 

9 
9 
9 
19 
7 

22 
264 

27 
40 

8 

Baracoa 

14 
5 
8 
16 
5 
8 
22 
26 
18 
1 

17 
16 
4 
1 

19 

Bayamrt^.^rr .         rr 

7 

Gampechuela. ...-. 

27 
486 
21 
22 
54 
388 

1 

Caney 

13 

Oobre 

8 

Crlsto  

8 

Gibara 

55 

Gnantanamo 

61 

Holguin.. 

16 

Jignani 

179 

m 

8B 

City  of  ManzanUlo 

91 
2 

Niguero ............. ...... 

7 
5 

Puma  Soriano     

2 

Puerto  Padre 

8 
8 

4 
68 
6S 

8 

fl'U'^*-  de  TAnamo  

2 
48 

888 
8Si 

8 

San  TiUis 

SO 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Citif  of  SantUigo  de  Cuba . 

169 

169 

The  province 

11,446 

4,879 

3,208 

996 

207 

2,134 

483 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 

AltoSongo 

24 

76 

12 

12 

63 

22 

12 

3U 

274 

106 

8 

144 

109 

16 

6 

12 

18 

3 

107 

646 

6U6 

4 
1 
1 

20 

Baracoa. 

8 
2 

07 

Bayamo             __  _     

9 

Ca.fnnAnhnelA 

12 

Canev  .      .................... 

3 

1 
1 

3 

1 

56 

oSbre 

20 

Cristo 

:::::::::: ::::::::: 

12 

Gibara 

Holguin . 

2 
2 

1 

1 
1 

10 
4 
2 

207 

8 

1 

2B4 

1 

104 

•Tifiruanl 

8 

Ma-nr^nilln 

2 

1 

2 

3 
5 

7 
7 

180 

CitvofManzaniUo 

97 

15 

Niguero 

Palma  Soriano          .    ... 

1 

1 

8 

12 

Pncirto  Padre 

1 

17 

Rjum A  de  T4nAmo        

8 

sSmLiSs  ^*°*™° 

1 

1 
22 

2 
36 
S6 

lOB 

SantiAgo  dn  nnha  . . 

i6 

16 

6 

6 

608 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cu&a. 

S67 

The  province 

1,867 

13  I            20 

31 

12 

7» 

1.716 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


Altn  Songo                 .   , 

9,567 
11,982 
9,864 
8,060 
4,818 

8.809 
2,064 
1,961 
903 
1,260 

83 
137 
40 
18 
24 

192 
310 
200 
91 
249 

8 
5 

174 
776 
348 
68 
206 

5,766 

Baraooa.1.... 

8,640 

Bayamo  

7.815 

Campechuela  

1 
1 

1,999 

Caney 

8.019 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


437 


Tablb  XXIV— Continueijd. 
pBOvmoB  OF  Santiaoo — Ck>ntmned. 

TOTAL  COLORED-Contlnued. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District 

Total 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 

and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domes- 
tic and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Cobre 

8,204 
607 

6.846 
19,102 

4.215 

4.268 
12,048 

708 
6,280 
6,068 
2,218 
8.248 
36.800 

tkySOt 

2,186 

86 

1.141 

4.018 

866 

771 

2,458 

180 

660 

140 

1.926 

1.262 

568 

2,118 

1,167 

785 

51 
6 
68 
108 
80 
17 

m 

119 

19 

6 

80 

16 

18 

46 

647 

514) 

818 

48 

464 

1,227 

819 

78 

882 

71*8 

87 

6 

106 

162 

60 

234 

4,823 

U,809 

2 

6 
5 
2 

94 

61 

221 

1,226 

187 

180 

687 

615 

106 

80 

80 

30 

67 

217 

3,609 

5,585 

6,606 

Cristo J- 

Gibara              

416 
8.967 

Qnantanamo 

12,600 

Holfiniin 

2861 

Jiffuanl          - .  u 

3,196 

HanzaniUo 

Cify  of  ManxaniUo 

Mayarf     ....     

8.785 
S,5h5 
2,353 

Niquero .— 

612 

Pauna  Soriano. .......... ..... 

2 
8 

4,077 

Puerto  Pad  re 

8,586 

Saguade  T4nanio 

1.526 

San  Luis 

3 

48 
h8 

6.636 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

16,025 
a,625 

The  province 

146,606 

28,888 

1,866 

0,886 

94 

8,466 

97.970 

COLORED  MALES 

4,778 
6.884 
4.718 
1,660 
2,486 
4,080 
266 
2,768 
0,418 
1.979 
2.022 
6.005 

1,671 
876 
3.216 
2.412 
1.184 
4.007 
11.363 
10,Ut5 

2.744 

2,061 

1,951 

900 

1,234 

2,068 

83 

1,181 

3,8i» 

866 

7T0 

2,464 

180 

660 

140 

1,010 

1,262 

666 

2.072 

1,140 

758 

82 
•  136 
89 
18 
24 
60 
6 
67 

106 
36 
17 

127 

115 
19 
6 
80 
15 
12 
42 

487 

m 

165 
308 
199 

91 
227 
306 

48 

460 

1,132 

288 

77 
882 
689 

86 

6 

106 

161 

49 

195 

8,881 

3,867 

3 
5 

92 
662 
270 

42 
126 

41 

22 

1,747 

Baracoa.T . 

2,788 
2,260 

Bayaroo ... 

Campechuela 

i 

1 
2 
1 
2 
7 
2 
1 
4 
U 
2 

608 

CaneV.. 

874 

Cobre 

1.541 

Cristo 

101 

Gibara 

1,118 

841 

8,610 

Holguin 

787 

Jiguanl 

sss 

78 
28 
84 

977 

Manssnillo 

2,801 

City  of  Manxaniilo 

8gf 
781 

Niquero 

Palma  Soriano 

197 

2 
8 

1,128 

Puerto  Padre    

981 

Sagua  de  T4namo 

26 

84 

1,708 

1,600 

483 

SanLuis 

1 

87 
57 

1.618 

Bantiaffo  de  Cuba 

4,110 

CWify  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

S,63S 

The  province - 

70.107 

27,824 

1,274 

8,576 

74 

4,606 

27,864 

COLORED  FEMALES. 

AltoSongo - 

4,794 
6,008 
6,146 
1.480 
2,882 
4,174 
352 
3,077 
9,774 
2,236 
2,281 
6,854 
S,069 
1,666 
417 
8,014 
2,646 
1,079 
4,242 
14.946 
IS,  967 

665 

13 
10 

8 
26 
48 

2 
10 
190 

1 
2 

1 

37 

7 

1 

82 

224 

78 

26 

140 

68 

29 

221 

885 

187 

9 

800 

989 

83 

2 

46 

80 

42 

183 

1,901 

1,985 

4.019 

Baracoa. ............. ......... 

6,862 

Bayamo 

61656 

Campechuela , 

1,401 

Caney 

22 
10 

5 

4 
96 
81 

1 

60 
59 

1 

2,145 

Cotee..:.........:.-.......... 

1 
1 
1 
8 
8 

4.0^ 

Cristo 

315 

Oibara 

2 

! 

1 
1 
J 

2,838 

Oxiantanamo 

9,009 

Holguin.... 

2,064 

Jiguani 

1 
6 

2.219 

4 

k 

6;484 

CitjfofManzaniUo 

S,7tS 

1.622 

Niquero . ...... 

415 

16 
10 
8 
41 

27 

V 

8 

1 
1 

80 
942 
9kS 

2,940 

Puerto  Padre 

2,606 

Sairua  de  T4namo ............ 

1 

4 
60 
60 

loS 

8!mLuiS-..r!^!:...:..::::: 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

aty  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

2 
11 

11 

4,023 
11,916 
10,9ki 

The  province 

76,408 

1,060 

82 

1,200 

20 

8,961 

70,116 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


438 


BEPORT   ON   THB   OBNftUB    OF   CUBA, 


Table  XXy.—Or^l  gtot^  of  ot^upoitumAkM  ^W^^  «^=J^»  «»*<'  ^"^w* 


Total 

Aflrricnl 
tnra* 

fisheries, 
and 

mittimg. 

Triide 
and 

trans- 
porta- 
tknL 

7»,427 

Uanti- 

factnr- 
fngfltnd 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

I^foflss-. 
sional 
service. 

Without 
Per?4onal    gainful 
•ervire  ■  occupa 
1     tion. 

ToUd^ 

1,673.797 

»9.197 

98,034 

8,736 

141.936        950.4«7 

Under  10  years 

lOtoUKeara 

356.987 
230,049 
178.085 
153.950 
137.405 
118.812 
185,056 
117.528 
68.182 
37,7»4 

1.193 
36.881 
43,308 
37.963 
34.379 
30.709 
50.413 
33,625 
80,642 
11.069 

46 

2,445 

10.057 

13.301 

11,853 

10,281 

16,304 

9.236 

4.381 

1.543 

91  t              3  1           730  .      a>1.9fM 
4^578              29  .      11  2W  i      l«v;  !«ii) 

15tol9irear8 

li,465 

14.343 

1^680 

1L729 

iT;617 

9,810 

4,963 

1.758 

94S  '      18.781          Sa.u<7 
915  •       l«.41fl  ,        Rf  ft!r 

29  to  24  rears 

i^io20  7Mirs 

1.241 
1.328 
2.285 
1.498 
73» 
358 

18,743 
16.45^ 
25,150 
16.646 
,  9.86? 
4.«fl 

p7  mo 

flQioMVAars               -  --- 

|j<  ;C8 

85  to  44  years 

45to54y9ar8        

4s  n.j 

'     66  to  64  ream 

2T.'W> 

65  years  fljid  over. 

*8  l'V> 

Total  males  --  --.-- - 

815,205 

~292.^r 

78,766 

82,012 

7.096 

~95,7^ 

~~m*i5 

tJnder  10  years ..... 

180.680 
112.390 
84.346 
79,008 
73,306 
64.023 
101,305 
64.096 
37,(«9 
19.033 

1,149 
35,458 
42.751 
37.489 
33,817 
30.'065 
48, 9«) 
32,385 

1» 

45 
2.432 
9,994 
13,217 
11,771 
10,184 

i6.in 

9,127 

80 
3,953 
11^661 
12,184 
12,109 
10,570 
16,033 
9.101 
4.671 
1.660 

3 
17 
167 

5n 

942 

3(A 

r.538 

,12,740 

67  ff)\ 

V)tol4y^r8           

istowyaaw 

20  to  24  years 

i,4ar 

25  to  29  years ...... 

1  073 

30  to  84  years 

1.129  ;      11.178 

1.963  1      t6.420 

1,329  *      10.521 

640          6,306 

329'        3,163 

897 

35  to  44  years 

1.7:j« 

45to54  years     

1  CB 

55  to  64  years 

1,422 

65  years  and  over . 

1  S79 

Tcft^  f  eroajes „ 

757.582  1        6.866 

661 

11.022 

1,640 

46.167 

891.236 

Under  Jt)  years.., 

10  to  14  years....- 

15  to  19  years  ...7- 

176.297 
107,650 
98,689 
73,961 
64.199 
54.789 
83,751 
53,432 
31,083 
18,751 

44 
423 
552 
474 
662 
644 
1.433 
1,240 
904 
580 

1 

13 
63 
84 
82 
77 
133 
109 
50 
40 

.    11 

^      625 

'  t814 

2,159 

1,571 

1,159 

1,584 

709 

292 

96 

13" 

175 
838. 

290 
197 
322 
160 
99 
29 

359 
3,718 
8,041 
6.882 
5.248 
5,281 
8,739 
6,125 
3,656 
1.738 

175.883 
9t  <H4 

20  to  24  years.... 

83.5>lt 

'  25to297ears 

1^,437 

80  to  34  years 

17.431 

86  to  44  years   

71^540 

45  to  54  years 

••■4B.ffif^ 

6Ato64years 

85.1T3 

&  Tears  and  over      

'  K  SS8 

I^otal  native  white        , -r 

910,299 

166,960 

29,434 

39,684 

5,95G 

47.221 

'ft«T:fitt 

Under  K)  years     

238,504 
146,928 
114.092 

88,503 
74,  HI 
63,008 
95,001 
52,838 
26,690 
12,624 

725 
26,162 
29,067 
23,341 
19,703 
17.316 
27,138 
14.657 
6,969 
2.902 

32 
1,710 
5,630 
4.898 
8,893 
3,588 
5,695 
3,555 
1,123 
410 

3i 
§,204 
7,134 
i»656 
5,779 
4,863 
7.216 
8,621 
1.618 
559 

1 
15 

m 

885 

•Hf 

1.602 
961 
448 
218 

8101 
5,43t 
8,888 
7,731 

5.348 

7.447 

-  8.86^ 

1,706 

646 

'f?5:^ 

lOtoUyears  .-.: 

15  to  19  years..., 

a)to24'year8 

®:395» 

45.  ns 

25to29years 

37.«fi6 

80tod4  years 

'-  SO  9^ 

35  to  44  years..., 

4t>.013 

«to54'ywiir8 

'    27  .»4 

55  to64  years 

66  years  and  over 

14>27 

7  880 

Native  white  males 

447.373  1     166.277 

29,218 

35,067 

4,680 

39,123 

173,008 

130,518 

Under  lOyears 

710 

31 
1,705 
5,595 
4.848 
3,869 
3,569 
5,552 
2,536 
1,114 
409 

28 
1,893 
5,849 
6,777 
5,223 
4.416 
6,532 
3,324 
1,499 
536 

1 
4 
110 
401 
621 
765 
1.367 
835 
3T7 
199 

129 
4,340 
7,0M 
6,624 
5,530 
4.424 
6.077 
3,80t^ 
1,874 

537 

tlO  649 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

75,17(» 
52.818 
42,091 
.35,588 
31,(t>4 

24,998 
28,916 
23,285 
19,639 
17,262 
27,044 
14,596 
6,933 
2,894 

20  to  34  years 

25  to  29  years 

30to34years    

ava56 

' "  tid 

••-818 

85to44  3P6ars 

45  to  64  years 

55  to  64  years 

47, 70:> 
25.192 
11.99(5 
5,211 

4,133 

em 

85  years  and  over — 

.V  ,  •^ 

Native  white  females 

402.926 

683 

216 

4,617 

l,2n) 

'    «i«6 

:^T 

Under  lOyeaib 

10  to  14  Years 

115.956 
71,758 
61,274 
46,412 
38.523 
31,954 
47.296 
27.646 
14,694 
7.413 

15 
164 
141 
66 
64 
54 
84 
61 
36 
8 

1 

5 

35 

50 

24 

19 

43 

29 

9 

1 

6 
311 

1.285 
879 

•  556 
447 
684 
397 
119 
33 

81 
1.0841 
l,515i 

909 

1.8?0 
673 

--■    «H 
100 

11 
157 
284 
221 
148 

'  •  ^a85' 

136 
71 
19 

15  to  19  Vears    ..... 

{     88-14] 

£0  to  24  years 

'44.106 

26to29Vears    ....... 

44.880 

26.460 

TU.lib 

7,iM 

8Dto84y6arB...4^  

86  to44  years 

45to54vears 

85to64!vears       

65  years  and.  over 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


489 


TaSijb  XXV.— OfYwid  groupn  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  cmd  race — Continned. 

CUBA-^3oii  tinned. 


Total. 

Agricul 

tttte, 
fisheries. 

and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans* 
porta- 
lion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa- 

tionT 

Total  foreim  white..  . . 

142,096 

31.270 

4^.368 

-14,703 

2,232 

23,237 

38,288 

Under  10  vears  - . 

2,918 
2.764 
8.307 
30,1<« 
23.090 
19,675 
31.512 
19.314 
9,820 

11 
311 
1,361 
4.564 
5.581 
4.720 
7.405 
4,3?4 
2,092 
853 

4 

428 
3,648 
7,564 
7,087 
6.886 
9,460 
6.291 
2,238 

762 

3 

88 
609 
L69I 
2,628 
2.310 
8.782 
2.186 
1.064 
342 

1 
6 
28 
161 
310 
341 
562 
450 
241 
124 

1 

2,886 
1,762 
1,624 

lOtoUyears 

^  15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years  ....^ 

25to29years 

2.699 
8,104 
2,764 
4,818 
3.917 
2,766 

30  to 34  years  ..,4......... 

85  to 4i years *-- 

45  to  54  years 

55  to 64 vears  ..- 

65  vears  and  over- 

4,563 

1,958 

Foraign  wijitejnale»^ 

115.740 

31,214 

42.123 

14.847 

1,937 

21,484 

4,635 

Under  10  vears  - ...... 

1,486 
1.648 
6,708 
17,285 
19,647 
.  16.&16 
26,449 
15,515 
7,327 
3.029 

11 
310 
1.360 
4,560 
5,571 
4.712 
7,390 
4,367 
2,085 
848 

4 
422 

8.624 
7,637 
7,040 
6.847 
9,405 
6,264 
2,222 
758 

3 
81 

572 
1.642 
2,678 
8.263 
8,n2 
2,184 
1,029 

333 

1 
4 

20 
126 
255 
298 
482 
421 
216 
114 

8 
4.087 

467 

1,469 
694 

10  to  14 years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to 24 years  ...j; 

25to29ye^rs 

178 
118 
166 

30  to  34  vears     j-.^  . 

134 

35  to  44  years 

45  to 54  years 

886 
607 

55to64years 

489 

65  years  and  over 

609 

Foreign  "wWtefemaiep 

26,358 

66 

245 

356 

295 

1,753 

28^698 

Under  IQ  years 

1,432 
1.116 
1,509 
2.910 
3.383 
3,029 
5,063 
3,799 
2.493 
l,5ai 

88 
209 
2B8 
263 
Ul 
287 
143 

67 

1.427 

into  li years  ...^ 

15  to  19 years 

r 

1 

4 

10 
8 

16 
5 
7 
6 

6 
24 
27 
47 
39 
66 
27 
16 

4 

7 

87 
49 
60 
47 
70 
62 
85 

9 

1 
8 
35 
55 
48 
80 
88 
25 
10 

1.068 
1.446 
2,686 
2  088 
2.680 
4,482 

20to24ye|ir8..,;- 

S  to  29  years. ...^ 

30  to3i  years 

35  to  4i  years - 

45  to  54  years.., ,. 

8,410 

55  to 64  years  ...j 

'65  years  and  over 

2287 
1.448 

7ota)  colowd^i       ,\.i 

520,400 

100,967 

7,625 

38,647 

554 

71.478 

801.120 

Under  10  years  * 

117.565 
TO.  367 
65,636 
44.261 
40.264 
38.129 
68.543 
46.376 
31.672 
20,597 

467 
10,408 
12.886 
10.058 
9,095 
8,673 
15,880 
14.506 
11.681 
7,334 

10 

307 

779 

830 

873 

787 

1.249 

1.390 

1.020 

371 

54 
2.286 
6,722 
6,996 
6,278 
4,556 
6.619 
4.008 
2,281 
867 

1 
9 
47 
69 
89 
74 
121 
78 
60 
16 

5.^ 
9188 
8^63 
7.908 
7^408 
12,227 
9.8n 
6.728 
3,731 

116,646 

lOtoUyears ... 

15  to  19  years  .  ^.^      

61.686 
26,066 
;9,186 
16,941 
14,677 

20  to  24  T^rs  ...., 

25  to 29  years*..., - 

^  to 34  years  ..,.- 

35  to  44  years 

22,447 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years. 

16,482 
10.012 

65  years  and  over, 

taS 

Colored  males         « . 

252,092 

94.840 

7,425 

ae.608 

479 

36,162 

81.688 

Under  10  years 

58,656 
35.581 
24.820 
19.632 
17.971 
16.323 
27,151 
23.389 
17,776 
10.798 

428 
10.150 
12,475 
9,644 
8,607 
8,091 
14.646 
13,422 
10,720 
6,757 

10 
305 
776 
832 
862 
768 
1.214 
1,337 
986 
336 

49 
1,979 
6.230 
4,766 
4.308 
3,891 
5.789 
3.648 
2,148 
801 

1 
9 
87 
60 
66 
66 
114 
78 
47 
16 

224 

\^ 

4.U7 
3,987 

3,616 
2.160 

67,944 

10  to  14  years 

80,077 

16  to  19  years 

1,006 

0 1^  2-*  y«^»^     , 

SJ 

25  to  29  years  ..^. 

30  to  34  years 

191 
146 

35  to  44  years  ...., 

219 

45  to54  yeard 

222 

55  to  64  years  .., 

284 

(S  years  and  over, 

724 

i .' i>ped  females .    < . . 

268,306 

6,127 

200 

6,049 

76 

36,316 

219,641 

Under  10  years 

58.909 
34.776 
30,816 
24,629 
22.293 
19,806 
31,302 
21,987 
13,896 
9,804 

29 
258 
410 
414 
488 
582 
1,334 
1,174 
861 
677 

6 

307 

1.492 

1.231 

966 

666 

830 

360 

138 

66 

878 
8.601 
4  448 
4.046 
41066 
4. 100 
6^968 
6^186 
8.062 
1.678 

68,602 

lOtoUyears 

2 
4 
7 
11 
19 
36 
58 
34 
35 

81.006 

15  to  19  years 

10 
19 
23 
B 
7 
6 
8 

?4.467 
18.912 

^to2i years  ..^ 

25  to  2d  years.  .....  .  . 

16,760 

30  to 34  years  ...i 

35  to  44 years  ...., 

14.482 

22,228 

45  to  54  years 

16.210 

55  to  64  years 

9,778 

65  years  and  over 

7,664 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


440 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XXV,— Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Contixiiied. 
PROVINCE  OP  HABANA. 


Tot»l. 


Affrical- 
tare« 

Asherien, 
and 

mioing. 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


llano- 
factor- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
duBtriea. 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


I 

Withoot 
Personal'  gainful 
seryioe.    ocenpa- 
!     tion. 


Total. 


Under  10 years -. - 

10  to  U  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


Total  males. 


Under  10  years  — 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


Total  females. 


Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

36to4iyear8 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


Total  native  white . 


Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35to44year8 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Native  whita  males .. 


Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20to24years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

05  years  and  over. . 

Native  white  females . 


Under  10 years ... 

lOtoHyears 

15  to  19  years 

20to24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


424,804 


81,968 


39.716 


42,901 


64,  n4 


79,738 
50,737 
48,521 
49,251 
45,029 
36.463 
63,519 
32,883 
18,829 
9,844 


221,990 


8,366 
5.053 
4,949 
4.467 
3,400 
4.926 
8,051 
1,787 
914 

31~W4 


20 
965 
4,862 
7,277 
6,834 
6.319 
7,942 
4,231 
2,047 
718 


87 
2,061 
6,466 
6,966 
6,918 
6.661 
8,014 
4,221 
2,102 
701 


14 
138 
443 


1,212 
817 
881 
190 


271 
4,456 
8.189 
9,241 
9.189 
7,835 
11.886 
7.664 
4,458 
2,126 


39.440 


88,088 


8,820 


46,877 


39,778 
25,658 
23,771 
26,294 
24,981 
20,357 
29,682 
17,478 
9,564 
4.427 


84 
8,%1 
5,047 
4,946 
4,464 
3,307 
4,923 
3,045 
l,78t) 
907 


19 
958 
4,826 
7.226 
6.290 
5.286 
7,801 
4,200 
2,080 
7M 


81 
1,801 
6.800 
6.927 
6.198 
6,027 
7,275 
3,864 
1.988 


1 

8 

80 

816 

628 

614 

1,000 

786 

882 

171 


146 
8.040 
6,962 
7.140 
7,055 
6,700 
7.900 
6.067 
2,967 
1,343 


2ie,8l4 


44 


275 


4.958 


738 


39,960 
25,079 
24,750 
22,ft57 
20,048 
16,106 
23,837 
15,405 
9,265 
5,417 


243,610 


6 
250 
1.147 
1,008 
716 
634 
789 
857 
164 


6 

63 

127 

146 

70 

178 

81 

49 

19 


126 
1.416 
2,227 
2,002 
2.134 
2,12S 
8.426 
8,607 
1.601 

782 


21,124 


11,600 


19.600 


8,066 


21.006 


57,296 
35,73l> 
31.394 
27,515 
23,075 
17,827 
25,289 
14,211 
7,595 
3,687 


2,690 
3,855 
3,531 
2,996 
2,191 
3,078 
1.607 
788 
326 


15 

570 

2,084 

1,056 

1.612 

1.421 

2.1T9 

1,074 

522 

207 


16 
1,119 
3,534 
8.421 
8.021 
2.480 
3,826 
1.647 
788 
249 


1 
8 
101 
826 
462 
464 
837 
621 
226 
U9 


2.190 
8.808 
8.702 
8.143 
2.405 
8,171 
1.562 
766 


116,838 


21.104 


11.484 


17.700 


2,544 


18.942 


28.836 
18,074 
14,403 
12,698 
10.963 
8,«50 
12,280 
6.403 
3,146 
1,370 

T26^78r 


61 
2,685 
3.850 
3,530 
2,994 
2,190 
3,077 
1.606 
786 
325 


14 

567 
2,012 
1,925 
1,598 
1,416 
2,161 
1,065 
520 
206 


13 
1,007 
8,027 
8,025 
2.816 
2,247 
3,003 
1,632 
607 
243 


846 
416 
726 
468 
197 
100 


43 
1.845 
3.387 
8.898 
2.898 
2,164 
2.861 
1,421 
675 
260 


20 


28,460 
17,656 
16,991 
14,817 
12,112 
9,177 
13,003 
7,808 
4,449 
2.308 


106 


1.800 


511 


2,154 


3 
112 
607 
386 
205 
183 
232 
116 
41 

6 


5 
49 
100 
106 
48 
111 
63 
29 
10 


19 
846 
416 
804 
245 
241 
820 
141 

01 


240.843 


70.314 
80.805 
23,838 
20.4UB 
17.4=i7 
13,  (&5 
20.(I!9 
12,999 
8.054 


62,376 


30,408 
16,509 
2.M7 
730 
451 
334 
904 
576 


178,467 


30,816 
28.395 
21,281 
10,676 
17,a» 
18,881 
10.445 
12.4S8 
7.SCT 
4,567 


167,264 


57,140 

20,163 

18.017 

14,579 

U,861 

8.916 

12,6B0 

7,800 

4,555 

2^m 


45.064 


28.71)4 
11.987 
2.075 
604 
3U 
217 
378 
8U 
271 
236 


122.199 


28,0} 
17,186 
15.9SS 
13,985 
11,640 

8,eso 

12.SSI 
7.489 
4,284 

2,258 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


441 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupationis  by  age^  «ej?,  and  race— Continued. 
PROVINCE  OP  HABANA-Oonttoued. 


Total  foreign  white.. 


Under  10  years .... 

10  to  14  years 

16tol9years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

aO  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over. 


Foreign  white  males . 


Under  10  years... 
10  to  14  yean*.... .«. 

15tol9years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over. 


Total. 


68, 9n 


1.797 
1,443 
4,785 
10,397 
11224 
9,560 
14,517 
8.541 
4,576 
2,131 


54,162 


872 
880 
4,019 
8,802 
9,300 
7,794 
U,562 
6,417 
8,197 
1,329 


Foreign  white  females >     14, 800 


Under  10  years . . . . 

10  to  14  years 

16toI9years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to34  years 

86  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


Total  colored. 


Under  10  years.... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years. 

36  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Colored  males 


925 

663 

766 

1,505 

1.924 

1,766 

2,965 

2,124 

1,379 

802 


112,214 


Under  10  yearn.... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

2U  to  24  years 

-    25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Colored  females 

Under  10  years   .. 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  yeiuv  and  over. 


20,635 
13,564 
12,342 
11,339 
10.730 
9,076 
13,713 
10.131 
6.656 
4,026 


50,990 


10,070 
6.704 
5.349 
4,794 
4.718 
3.913 
5.844 
4,658 
3,221 
1,719 


61,224 


10,665 
6.860 
6,993 
6.545 
6,012 
5,163 
7,869 
5.473 
3,437 
2,307 


Agricnl- 

tnre. 
fisheries. 

and 
mining. 


4,076 


1 

48 
267 
628 
7B4 
583 
852 
525 
302 
136 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


25,586 


2 
808 
2.548 
4,968 
4,885 
8,590 
5,816 
2,787 
1,239 


4,074  I      25,806 


1 

i5i 


267 
628 
734 
583 
852 
525 
302 
134 


2 
800 
2,585 
4,951 
4,850 
8.566 
5,288 
2,771 
1,229 
397 


21 


138 


Mann- 
factnr- 
ing  and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


8,082 


1 

77 

487 

1,161 

1,609 

1,414 

2,184 

1,145 

581 

183 


8,674 


1 

71 

460 

1,127 

1,663 

1,380 

2,134 

1,108 

552 

178 


258 


6,788  I 


2.589 


14,559 


22 
618 
931 
790 
737 
626 
996 
919 
697 
452 


6,766 


22 
618 
930 
788 
736 
624 

914 
602 
448 


3 
92 
280 
353 
337 
308 
447 
370 
286 
113 


2,568 


3 
91 
279 
360 
833 
804 
442 
364 
281 
111 


31 


20 
855 
2.435 
2,353 
2,193 
1.717 
2,505 
1,429 
783 


11,659 


17 

T23 

1.822 

1,775 

1,719 

1,400 

2,048 

1,224 

689 

242 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


1,245 


2 
13 
90 
177 
199 
318 
249 
133 
64 


1,042 


1 

10 
68 
143 
169 
259 
223 
114 
55 


208 


253 


Personal 
service. 


18,847 


5 

104 

692 

2,132 

2,524 

2,280 

3,148 

1.770 

894 

348 


12,555 


3 

84 

634 

1,968 

2,308 

2.028 

2,852 

1.578 

791 

309 


1,292 


2 

20 
58 
164 
216 
203 
296 
192 
103 


29,771 


Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 


15,885 


204 
2,162 
3,694 
3,407 
3.522 
3,200  ; 
5,067 
4,232 
2.798  I 
1,485  I 


234  I   14,880  j 


4  I 

18 ; 

22  ' 
34 

29  1 
54 
45 
21 
7 


99 
1,111 
1,941 
1,783 
1,849  I 
1.517 
2,257  , 
2,068 
1,491 
774  , 


1,788 
900 
778 
1,418 
1,705 
1,544 
2,699 
2,065 
1,427 
1,002 


2.419 

865 
876 
118 
60 
98 
68 
167 
212 
209 
256 


12,916 


1,358 
1,612 
1,476 
2,532 
1,853 
1,218 
746 


58,254 


20,386 
9,833 
4.083 
4.400 
3,901 
3.196 
4.641 
3,134 
2,072 
1,700 


2,900 


3 
182 
613 
578 
474 
817 
467 
205 
94 
27 


19        14,891 


105 
1,051 
1,753 
1,624 
1,673 
1,683 
2,810 
2,174 
1,307 

711 


14,893 

0,929 
4,157 

359 
76 
47 
39 
49 
53 
47 

137 

~437»ii 

10,457 
5.676 
4.624 
4.333 
3,854 
3,156 
4,592 
3,081 
2,025 
1.568 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


442 


REPORT   ON   THK   CENftlTS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XXV.  -^f  J  rami  groups  of  (feeupeUum^  bff  age,  «cb,  and  nkv-— Obntiimfed/ 
PROyiirCB  OF  MATAIIZAS. 


Tot»l. 


Under  10  years  — 

10  to  UyearH 

15  to  19  years 

a)  to  24  years 

totoIi9year.s  — .. 

aoto  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


43.147 
27,2IH 
22,143 
19,408  , 

17.78H 
14,418 
22,963  1 
16,969  I 
11,404  , 
6,830  I 


Totalmales I    1(^,726 


Total. 


SUB,  444 


AffHcal-  Tnde 

tnre,    |  and 

flslierle&,'  trans- 

and     j  porta- 

mining.  1  tion. 


50,804  I 


9,407 


Mann- 
factor- 
log  and 
mechan- 
ical In- 
dustries. 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


io,«e 


I 


1.071 
1,452 
1,295 
1.151 
1,892 
1,266 
707 
274 


4 

401 

1.451 

1,618 

1,545 

1,313 

£.197 

1.394 

768 

301 


988 


2 
7 

49 
97 
132 
137 
202 
160 
98 


Under  10  years..-. 

lotoUyoars 

15  tolOyears 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years - 

30  to  34  years 

.•JS  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


Total  females: 


21,468 
13,393 
11.960 
10,082 
8.936 
6,965 
10.676 
7,508 
4,645 
3,140 


Total  native  wWte '    1(«,682 


Under  10  years  — 

10  to  14  years 

15tol9years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


21,679 
18,901 
10,183 
9,4<i6 
8.852 
T,4.W 
12,287 
9,4«i6  , 
6,750 
3,680  I 


98.718 


46,496 


217 
4.790 
8,152 
6,659 
6.263 
4.384 
7.106 
5.9P9 
4,.^1 
2,495 


4.308 


21 
174 
275 
289 
374 
409 
944 
806 
606 
410 


9,330 


10 

289 

1.066 

1.415 

1,292 

1,143 

1,880 

1.258 

701 

255 


9,532 


1,133 
1.318 
1.317 
1.150 
1,992 
1.283 
735 
278 


767 


88 


Under  10  years  ... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  31  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  .54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Native  white  males  . . 


Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. . 

Native  whit©  females. 


20,212  (   3,824 


91 
2,923 
3,738 
3,190 
2,706 
2.085 
2,938 
1,575 
700 
266 


50,324 


Under  10 years   ... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 


13,842 
8,598 
6,262 
6,144 
4,828 
8,472 
5.220 
2,780 
1,224 
5(H 

^527^^ 


12,412 
8,267 
7,308 
.5,774 
4,915 
8.562 
5,047 
2,980 
1,488 
710 


20,080 


87 
2,900 
3.712 
8,174 
2.689 
2.076 
2,923 
1.566 
680 
264 


132 


9 
214 
734 
716 
535 
459 
684 
315 
110 
48 


3.800 


9 
214 
731 
711 
535 
455 
681 
315 

no 

48 


15 


U460 


1 

78 
318 
300 
228 
163 
205 
111 


2 
6 
26 
61 
90 
102 
225 
134 
77 
45 


2£1 


3,115 


8 
216 
764 
828 
730 
625 
1,066 
550 
238 
81 


4,454 


2 

166 
629 
686 
688 
566 
980 
501 
224 
72 


2 
40 
69 
90 
96 
198 
113 
66 
26 


498 


661 


1 

49 

135 

137 

92 

69 

106 

49 

14 

9 


1 
17 
36 
56 
69 
164 
89 
44 


185 


Persona] 

service. 


Withoi2t 
gainful 

tion. 


)8,1«6'     m,148 


-       Wt 
'  '.988  ■ 

lv682! 

Ufl82; 
1,418  1 
21379  I 

1,738-f 
1,079 


5,587 


40 
8B0 
6f6 
880 

580 
019 
701. 


7^518 


» 

9^ 
650 
915 
683 
1,460 
1,051 
6S2^ 
27»' 


18 
271 
4l0 
56» 
463 
3ilO< 
fi8» 
251: 
111 


2»19l^ 


5 
174! 
300 
435 
357 
280 
377 
180 
89 


S», 


97 
170 
lii 
105! 

I56i 
71 
.3:* 


417&4 

ii,«as 

8.4UI 
T487 
K.611 
-  8,183 
S.682 

8,7B» 


21,407 
6.103 
1.231 
153 
113 
M 
16& 
181 
198 

am 


»,M 


ja,38T 
12, 583 

]i,3B5 

8,548 
T,a74 
6,517 
8.018 
ft.  501 
8.432 
8.408 


3,060  1       6B;aD 


2ft.  138 

iS.2«0 

T.818 

8,561 

'    4,7» 

a4Q8 

«.834 

2.856 

1,447 

765 


19,861 


12.738 
ft,  143 
873 
lOS 
53 
56 
96 
79 
68 
76 


60.508 


12,398 
6.087 
8,916 
'  6.450 
4,067 
8,8SS 
6,739 

.8,777 

1,379 

889 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


'    M  1   ;        OCOUPATIONSL  .  448 

Tapi^F'  XXV.T-/3fmn4  grotip^  of  accupaticm'  to  ag^,  ^ex,  and  roce-^goptinu^d. 
PRO.  ,k\C&OF  ^7ANZASH[^A^aaed. 


TotaL 

Afrleal- 
ture, 

fisTieries, 
and 

Tradp 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Mann- 
factnr- 
ingand 

nftechan- 
ical in 

dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

242 

Personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

'X*otal  forejgp  white 

15,235 

4.700 

4,104 

.,  1,438 

1.106 

3.645 

219 

675 
1.836 
2.0K2 
1,90U 
3,394 
2,462 
1.592 

810 

2 

66 
179 
629 
708 
065 
1.117 
609 
442 
193 

1 
2 
3 

ir 

32 

29 
63 
43 
81 
21 

''*'"""9' 
45 
154 

1^ 

255 

181 
110 
87 

216 

10  to  U  ^ears  .  ..^... 

30 

217 
688 
609 
570 

;i.034 
629 

^  308 
124 

1 

21 
121 
217 
182 
854 
208 
180 
64 

157 

15  to  IH  years       * 

210 

3"  to ''4  vea****  -  •-— - 

327 

25  to  2l>  years 

30to;Jt  years  ...,. 

35  to  4t  yearn    ..** 

351 
304 
571 

45  to  i^  1^  y eiii's    

612 

55  to  tit  years 

65  yean*  and  o vep^  

526 
371 

foreign  wj)itemale«. 

4,684 

2 

65 
178 
629 
7(V> 
663 
1,113 
698 
438 
193 

16 

4,089 

1,413 

215 

957 

492 

Under  10  years 

121 

152 

474 

1,508 

1,720 

1.576 

.  2,8<I9 

1,870 

1,112 

508 

1 
2 
3 
15 
26 
25 
54 
41 
28 
20 

118 

JO  to  1 4  years 

30 
216 

587 
606 
567 
1,090 
627 
302 
124 

i 

21 
115 
215 
177 
349 
294 
178 

m 

25 

i 

148 
128 
220 
149 

SI 

47 

15  to  19  Vears 

16 

20  to  »4  years 

25 to «» years  ..., 

a0to3l  years    ..., 

35  to44  years    ..., 

45  to 54  years    *.: 

19 
20 
16 
43 
61 

55  to  W  years 

72 

65  years  and  over^ 

80 

Foreign  wWto  femaies 

3.385 

15 

27 

149 

3,143 

Under  10  years - - 

OB 
113 
201 
328 
362 
324 
585 
592 
480 
,          302 

98 

10  to  14  years    ..^ 

1 
1 

■** 

5 

a 

17 
22 
35 
33 
16 
9 

110 

15  to  19,  years 

i 
;          1 
3 
3 
4 

■/      f 

194 

SO  to  24  years 

6 
2 
5 
5 
4 
2 
I 

2 

6 
4 
0 
2 
3 
1 

308 

25 to29 years    .S, 

80to34  years    

•i 

4 

1 
4 

831 

288 

"^  to  44  years  . ._' 

528 

45  to  M  years    

551 

55  to  64  years  .. , 

464 

65  years  and  over 

291 

Total  colored , • 

84.527 

25.892 

1.479 

4,4;» 

63 

8,940  ,        43,714 

Under  10  vears 

17,674 
10.164 
7,903 
6.744 
6.463 
5,484 
9,30^ 
8,847 
'      7.150 
4,790 

417552^ 

146 
1,975 
2,610 
2,129 
2,228 
2,043 
3,995 
4,441 
3,985 
2,446 

1 

45 
120 
148 
151 
122 
174 
322 
294 
102 

1 

185 
666 
674 
588 
506 

1 
3 
6 
11 
10 
12 

86          17  440 

10  to  H  years 

688           7,268 

15  to  19  years    

1,004           8„597 

960           2.813 

1,065           2,416 

20  to  24  years 

25to29voar8  ..,, 

30  to  34  years 

903           1,898 

'        J5  to  44  years    

757                7 
546                4 
350                6 
156  1              8 

1  591           2.778 

45  to  54  years 

1.320           2.214 

55  to  64  years  . . . .", 

858  1         1,657 

^  years  and  oveY 

456  I         1  6:fi 

K441 

12.220 

Colored  males ., 

21,733 

3.665 

54 

2,431 

*"     *  \ 

Under  ID  years 

8,716 
5, 151 
3,447 
2.814 

.    2.804 
2.405 
4,258 
4.866 
4.423 
2. 668 

128 
1,825 
2,262 
1,856 
1,869 
1,645 
3,070 
3,645 
3,304 
2.038 

1 

45 
119 
147 
151 
121 
169 

1 
166 
483 
517 

1 
3 
5 
10 

35              8.550 

10*0 14  years 

15 to  19 years ... 

20  to  24  years    . ;, , 

286 

192 
822 
372 
344 
197 

2,918 
342 
32 

25  to  29  years 

30 to34  years 

464                8 
417                8 

40 
22 

36to44years    .S: 

683 

7 
4 

5 

27 

45to5|  years 

55  to 64  years  . ..!, • 

316              488 
289            m 
83               143 

41 
58 

65  years'  and  over      ...  . 

204 

' 

Colored  females .^ 

42,975 

4,160 

38 

774                9 

6,509 

31.485 

Under  10  years 

8,958 
5.013 
4,456 
•     3,930 
3.650 
3,079 
5.044 
3,981 
2.727 
2.128 

17 
150 
248 
273 
354 
398 
925 
796 
591 
408 

51            8,890 

10tol4ye-ars 

29 
183 

479           4,355 

15  to  19  years 

1 
1 

l" 

5 
6 
5 

19 

1 

768           3,255 
717           2,781 
793           2,376 

;iO  to  24  years    .^ 

25  to  29  years  . . .'. 

157  '              1 
134  1               2 

^  to  31  years..., 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years    .            ... 

89 
04 

68 

4 


ni            1,876 

1,269            2,751 

948            2. 173 

55  to  64  years 

te  years  and  over  

17 
13 

1 

514            1.599 
259           1,429 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


444 


REPOET   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXV. — Orand  groups  of  occupation  by  age^  sex^  and  race— Continiied. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total 

Agricnl- 
tnre, 

fisheries, 
and 

mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Hann- 
factnr- 
ingand 
mechan 
icalin 
dnstriee. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Pdrsonal 
servioe. 

Without 
gainful 

UonT 

Total .  , 

178,064 

48.697 

4,432 

8.686 

300 

10,600 

106.202 

Under  10  years 

42.757 
25.458 
20.727 
19,395 
16,978 
12.811 
16,744 
10. 176 

278 
7,065 
7.666 
7.427 
6.791 
6,023 
6.838 
4,119 
2,841 
1.189 

4 

196 
609 

768 
729 
624 
827 
483 
210 
74 

6 
203 
647 
626 
635 
422 
656 
391 
189 
61 

61 

1.483 

1,678 

1.669 

1,412 

1.002 

1,616 

946 

677 

825 

42.400 
16,586 
10,230 
8,808 
7,454 

10  to  14  years 

1 
7 
27 
57 
68 
07 
87 
44 
11 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

6,182 
6,810 
4  140 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  5  (  years 

55  to  d  years 

6.502 
3.021 

2;i3SJ 
1,361 

65  years  and  over 

Total  males 

91.688 

48,552 

4,390 

3.818 

360 

7,860 

27.714 

Under  10  years 

21,913 
13,048 
10,174 
9.961 
9,182 
6,871 
9,560 
5,902 
3,389 
1,784 

271 
7.008 
7.637 
7.412 
6,771 
6,010 
6,821 
4,108 
2,883 
1,186 

4 
194 
601 
754 
719 
619 
817 
489 
219 
74 

6 
177 
460 
544 
486 
888 
616 
884 
184 
60 

85 

on 

1.137 
1.004 
070 
760 
1.087 
684 
420 
252 

21,506 
4.603 

10tol4  years 

16  to  19  years.,  t 

20to24  years 

26  to  29  years 

5 
28 

40 
68 

84 
82 
42 
11 

134 
137 

ao  to  84  years 

85  to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

131 
194 
160 

55  to  64  years 

141 

65  years  and  over 

201 

Total  females 

81,376 

145 

42 

822 

40 

8.330 

n.488 

Under  10  years   

20. 8U 
12,410 
10,553 
9,484 
7,846 
6.440 
7.176 
4.274 
2.163 
1.287 

7 
27 
19 
16 
20 
13 
17 
16 
8 
8 

26 
462 
641 
665 
442 
832 
470 
262 
157 

75 

20  811 

10  to  14  years 

1 
8 
4 
-      10 
6 
10 
4 

26 

78 
82 
49 
84 
40 
7 
6 
1 

1 
2 
4 
8 
6 
13 
6 
2 

11.803 
9.906 
8.764 
7.317 
6,051 
6.616 
3.980 

i!ooi 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years     

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years  .  -  

45to64vear8 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

1,160 

Total  native  white 

114,907 

31,857 

1.787 

1.717 

286 

4.429 

74,83? 

Under  10  years 

30.562 
18.363 
14,772 
13.268 
11,200 
7,739 
10,071 
5,422 
2,494 
1,026 

170 
6,277 
5,671 
6;248 
4,583 
8.228 
4,142 
2,163 
1,016 

864 

3 
147 
890 
321 
299 
173 
272 
128 
43 
11 

8 
114 
206 
888 

260 
188 
287 
167 
62 
22 

10 
734 
821 
704 
631 
454 
648 
268 
120 

40 

30,3S7 
12,090 
7,690 
6,539 
5.385 
3641 
4744 
2,653 

10  to  14  years 

15tol9yeary 

20  to  24  years 

25to29years 

1 
4 
23 
42 
65 
78 
58 
26 
4 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Native  white  males 

58,573 

81,774 

1,778 

1.642 

268 

3,368 

19.868 

Under  10  years 

15.777 

164 
5,268 
5,658 
5,233 
4,573 
3,223 
4,185 
2,154 
1.012 

364 

3 
147 
390 
820 
297 
172 
269 
126 
48 
11 

8 
102 
2S2 
201 
288 
172 
261 
152 
49 
22 

13 
630 
625 
576 
483 
340 
428 
222 
08 
85 

15,504 

10  to  14  years 9.428 

8^^ 

15  to  19  years 

30  to  24  years  - .  

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

7,195 
6,547 
5,714 
4,060 
6.286 
2,783 
1.276 
607 

8 
10 
86 
61 

68 
60 
23 

4 

106 
88 
93 

35  to  44  years 

ISS 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

79 
66 

05  years  and  over 

71 

56.334 

83 

9 

176 

82 

1.086 

«4,9I» 

Under  10  years 

14,785 
8,935 
7,5n 
6,711 
6,486 
8,679 
4.785 
2;  680 
1,218 
619 

6 
19 
13 
10 

6 
106 
106 
218 
148 
106 
120 
46 
27 
5 

14,778 

lOtoUyears ... 

12 
44 
47 
22 
16 
26 
6 
3 

10 
8 
2 

« 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

i' 

SSI 

8^648 
4,619 

514 

25  to  29  years 

10  f                  9. 

30  to  34  years 

5 

7 
9 

4 

1 
3 
2 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OOOUPATIONB. 


445 


Tabus  XXV, — Grand  groups  of  oocupationa  by  age^  sex,  and  race— Continued. 
PBOVINCB  OP  PINAB  DEL  BlO-Ctontinued. 


Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 

and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 

sional 

service. 

Personal 
seryioe. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  fonfism  whit4j 

10,718 

5,806 

3,234 

602 

99 

988 

1,499 

Under  10  years 

82 

115 

660 

1,402 

1633 

1.471 

2,432 

1,716 

906 

400 

1 

36 
266 
714 
840 
753 
1,237 
849 
446 
176 

1 
7 
41 
118 
143 
141 
234 
175 
88 
40 

80 

10  to'l4  years 

22 
183 
389 
381 
312 
498 
286 
126 

38 

51 

15  to  19  years 

14 
46 
92 
88 
176 
106 
57 
15 

1 
1 

13 
13 
15 
32 
17 
7 

66 

SO  to 24  years.. 

135 

25  to  29  years. 

104 

30 to i'H years..  .. 

164 

35 14>  44  years. 

273 

45  to  54  years. 

268 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

175 
133 

foreign  white  males 

9,447 

6,302 

2,204 

585 

92 

954 

310 

Under  10  years 

47 

80 

487 

1,283 

1,471 

1.319 

2,184 

1,494 

782 

320 

1 

36 
256 

714 
839 
752 
1,236 
849 
445 
176 

1 

7 

41 

114 

137 

138 

226 

166 

84 

40 

46 

10  to  14  years 

21 
175 
386 
373 
300 
408 
284 
125 

38 

17 

15tol9years 

14 
43 
91 
87 
174 
100 
56 
14 

2 

20  to  24  years 

1 
12 
12 
13 
30 
17 

7 

5 

25  to29  years. .     .... 

19 

80  to  84  years 

21 

35  to  44  years 

42 

45toMyear<i. 

59 

65  to64  years 

56 

65  years  and  orer 

45 

Foreign  white  females 

1.271 

4 

30 

7 

7 

34 

1,189 

Under  10  years . 

36 
36 
63 
139 
162 
152 
248 
222 
126 
89 

35 

lOtoUyears 

I 
8 
3 
8 
3 
5 
2 

84 

15to19year<i  .  ,, 

1 

64 

20  to  24  years 

2 

1 
1 
1 

4 

6 
3 
8 
9 
4 

130 

25  to  29  years 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
2 
2 

145 

80  to  34  years 

143 

35  to  44  years 

231 

45  to  54  years t... 

65  to  64  years . 

209 

1 

1 
1 

120 

ttyearsand  oyer 

88 

Total  colorfMl  , , .     

47,439 

11.534 

4U 

1.826 

16 

6.282 

28,871 

Under  10  years 

12,113 
6,976 
6.405 
4,735 
4  146 
3,101 
4,241 
3.088 
2.100 

i;6e6 

107 
1,723 
1,730 
1.470 
1.368 
1,042 
1,460 
1,107 
879 
649 

1 

26 
36 
48 
40 
39 
67 
79 
51 
25 

2 

89 
237 
243 
183 
146 
194 
128 
80 
24 

41 
602 
816 
747 
638 
497 
784 
508 
309 
245 

11.962 

10  to  14  years 

4.445 

15  to  19  years 

2 
3 
2 

2.584 

20  to  24  years... 

2,224 

25  to  29  years 

1,906 

80  to  34  years 

L877 

35  to  44  years 

4 
2 

2 

1,793 

45  to  54  years 

1,219 

55  to64  years 

719 

66  years'and  over. 

643 

Colored  males 

23.668 

11,478 

.408 

1,186 

14 

8,043  i         7.541 

• 

Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

6.089 
3.685 
2,492 

106 
1.716 
1,724 
1,466 
1,369 
1,086 
1,450 
1,100 
876 
646 

1 
28 
36 
48 
49 
38 
65 
79 
61 
26 

2 

76 

208 

210 

167 

120 

181 

126 

79 

24 

21 
425 
471 
404 
350 
273 
383 
296 
243 
177 

5.950 

2' 

3 
2 

1^4 
56 

20  to  24  years 

2.151 
1,947 
1,492 
2,009 
1,625 
1,281 
967 

21 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

30 
17 

35  to  44  years 

8 
2 
2 

27 

45  to  54  years 

22 

66  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

30 

85 

Colored  females 

23,771 

58 

3 

140 

I 

2,239 

21,330 

Under  10  years 

6,024 
3.440 
2,013 
2,584 
2,198 
1.609 
2.142 
1.413 
819 
629 

1 
8 
6 
5 
9 
7 
9 
7 
3 
3 

20 
287 
345 
343 
288 
224 
361 
207 
126 

68 

6,003 

lb  to  14  years  . 

14 
34 
33 
26 
17 

1 

3,151 

15  to  19  years I.I.. 

2,528 

20 to 24 years  . .    ..-,.  ... 

2,203 

25  to  20  years 

1,875 

30  to  84  years -.... 

1 
2 

1,360 

85  io  44  years 

1 

1,766 

45toMyears 

65  to  64  years     

1,197 

689 

65  years  and  oyer 

558 

. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


446  REP  >KT   ON    THR   OBWBUS   OP  CUBA,   1899. 

Tablb  XXV. — Orand  gnmp»  of  o(*eupaHofns  bftctget  maxiand  tiwe^-^C^Vittti^ 
PBOVINGB  OP  PUERTO  PBIN<?IPfe.  ' 


Total 

Under  10  years... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

30  to  24  years 

25  to :»  years 

3D  to  34  years 

35to44years 

45  to  54  shears 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Total  males 

Under  10  years ... 

10  toUyears 

15  tol'Jyears 

20  to  24  years 

25  to21)  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  4  4  years 

4oto5tyear8 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Total  females 

Under  10  years... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to84  years 

35to44year8 — .. 

46  to  54  years 

55  to64 years 

65  years  and  over- 
Total  native  white . .. 

Under  10  years... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to2S>  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years..... - 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Native  white  males . . 

Under  10  years . . . 
10  to  14  years    — 

15  to  19  years 

20  to24  years 

25  to29  years 

30  to  34  years 

a5  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  04  years 

&y  years  and  over. 

Native  white  females 

Under  10  years... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to24  years 

35  to29  years 

30  to  34  years 

a5to44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55to64  5riear8 

65  years  and  over. 


ToUl, 


8.234 


Aaricnl- 
ture, 

flsberies, 
B«d 

mining. 


Timde 

nUd 


|»orta 


17.068 


Mann- 
factur- 
ing  fnd 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


3.0CH  t       8,704 


24.448 

14 

1 

13.320 

1.847 

05 

9.650 

2.900 

391 

6,24« 

1.770 

446 

5.100 

1.447 

330 

5.944 

1,731 

387 

9.943 

3,061 

687 

6,791 

2,(197 

405 

4,200 

1.375 

180 

2.590 

816 

83 

1 
i;:i 

612 
506 
455 

4<J8 
662  I 
488 
380 
121 


Profes 
sional 


Withoat 
Personal    gainfn) 
I  service,      occofia- 
'     lion. 


44.899  I 


,030 


12,531 
6,863 
4.481 
3.121 
2,582 
2.96J 
5.3118 
3,533 
2.238 
1,379 


14 
1.843 
2.89;j 
1,767 
1  444 
1.728 
3  058 
2.094 
1,375 
814 


43,335  I 


28 


11,917 
6.457 
5.169 
3,127 
2,518 
2.981 
4,735 
8,258 
1,962 
1.211 

aB7349 


2.954 

*     3.983 

1 

1 

94 

128 

:w7 

416 

445 

410 

:J28 

3B6 

;wj 

330 

an 

548 

390 

418 

173 

348 

79 

109 

60 

ao 

28 

ae'l 


1    IM 

m,4R 

-'   "    14' 

•     ■».41i* 

sm 

•  m,m 

MTl 

•    4,i« 

.   8t8 

3.6ni 

-      TW 

*    -    3.»l 

880 

»         3.4JH 

^l,4f7 

'3,Mt« 

i.eei 

3.73) 

tzo 

1.715 

438  f        1.112 

k,Wi^     ir.iT 


50 


12,496 


20,128 
10.889 
7.584  , 
4.470 
3,325 
4.351 
7,165 
4,471 
2,606 

i,;»o  f 


9 

1,574 

2.391 

1,352 

960 

1.317 

2.394 

1,388 

822 

.399 


1,861 


83 
314 
283 
149 
360 
450 
198 
109 

33 


3B.575 

12,473 

1.832 

10  307 

9 

5.612 

1.570 

82 

3526 

2.;»4 

310 

2,120 

1,350 

362 

1.499 

948 

148 

2,053 

1.316 

257 

3.56;i 

2,291 

442 

2.065 

1,385 

191 

1,216 

822 

105 

614 

398 

a5 

33,774 


9,821 
5,2n 
4,058 
2,350 
1.826 
2.298 
3,602 
2.406 
1.390 
746 


arr 


721 


44 

106 
05 
80 
69 

114 
70 
33 
13 


1  I 
5  ( 

34  I 

45 

77 

57 

26 

31 

«7 


e 

880 
8QB 
4«l| 
'  885 
431 
7«? 

889 
4MI9 


S 
186 
5«3 
878 
818  1 
435 
TU 
883  1 
;  381  • 
178  . 


is.sm 

4.137 
171 
33 
44 
40 
» 
55 


6,242 
"4.391 
1,137 
3.<til) 
2.4H 

eete 

1,63» 

1.016 


1.754 


1 
90 
351 
343 
105 
188 
333 
196 
105 
54 


1,269 


1 
61 
205 
186 
146 
145 
353 
148 
80 
44 


485 


20 
146 
66 
40 
43 
70 
48 
25 
10 


345 


11 
37 
27 
40 
65 
38 
30 
It 


4,140 


-■"8- 
373: 
7T3 
463 

a« 

483 

804 
485 

368 
13S4 


4S;l3B 


90  110 
8.770 
3  745 

z.m 

1.M2 

3.IM 
8.SS) 
3,186 
l.SB 


190 


2,463  I       14,^ 


873 

478 

ero 

901 

375 

468 
861 

m 

79  i 


W).335 
3.636 
K»l 
27 
»i 
33 
U 
45 
41 
4J 


55, 


\S 


8 
II 

6 
13 
10 

3 

3 

•8V 


6^ 

89 

:.   98 

-     163 

•  -J''  807' 

-«4- 

•/    '48 


.»1  191 


.•  ».HI5 

;   6.1M 

B.5W 

.  .t(5 

j.'l.erff 

MfJ.Offi 

•  '^,136 

•  B.lil 

-  '1.241 

-  ■<  W7 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


44T 


TablK  XXV.-^Orand  ffroup^  of  occupaficms  by  age,  sex,aiid  ra<«—Ooti  tin  tied. 
PROVINCB  Of  PlTteftTO  WtlNOlP'lfeMl^ntinued. 


.'  }                             ,, 

Total. 

fisheries, 

aii4 
mining. 

trans* 
porta- 
tlon. 

928 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

..       -887 

Profes- 

Bional 

service. 

Personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occui)a- 

tioh. 

Totalforei«ii  white  ^.i 

4,038 

1,455 

86 

640 

606 

Undflr  lO'years 

73 

108 

.    .153 

462 

.    675 

.  459 

874 

680 

370 

189 

73 

Mtolivears    .  * 

13 
30 
148 
298 
194 
347 
i       .  244 
124 
62 

6 
<    63 
166 
154 
108 
192 
169 
49 
27 

6 
,     12 

98 
.  TR 
168 
'/^ 
71 
31 

79 

15  to  19  years..-; 

«to24year8 

85  to  29  yean      .  * . 

5 
31 
83 
40 
80 
•  56 
23 

9 

2 
8 
17 
13 
14 
13 
8 
5 

41 
52 
30 

80  to  34  years...:: 

85  to  44  years, ..w 

4Ato54year5     •. 

34 
73 
71 

55  to  64  years..... 

-      65  year*  and  over^ 

95 
55 

Vorel^n  white  Jnales.... 

:  3^499 

U463 

927 

319 

76 

572 

192 

'.  •  U^derl9years 

;        40 
56 
108 

40 

Utoliyears ...: 

13 
.    .    30 
148 
292 
194 
347 
244 
124 

61 

6 

;         68 

165 

154 

-        103 

192 

'        169 

49 

26 

.      -3 
5 
.   r  51 
,    98 
.    70, 
,150 

,  m 

.  60 
68 

33 

1ft  tn  19  ftAsm 

5 

30 
81 
40 
79 
64 
22 
8 

1 
7 
13 
12 
13 
18 
7 
5 

4 

20  tod4years  ..  *.. 

408 
.        638 
424 
795 
604 
292 
142 

2 

26to29yiMr8 

3 

•  d0to34ryears a 

5 

35  to  44  years  .  -*.. 

14 

45to54yearR i 

55tod4yMCr8 

65  yean  and  oven 

5 
80 
16 

Foreign  whi^ke^f emalee 

.  639 

2 

1 

8 

9 

451 

'     Under  10  years , 

33 

48 
45 
59 
39 
35 
79 
76 
78 
47 

• 

38 

,10  to  14  years...*. 

.  l5tol9ye«rs..-w 

2 

7 
•7 
5 
.     5 
18 
8 

n 
5 

46 

1 

i 

1 

87 

'.    29  to  24  yeatrs  . . .  J 

1 
2 

50 

.»    21  to 29 years  ...kv 

1 

27 

.  80  to 34 years  ...ju 

29 

81  to  44  years ^^ 

, 1, 

1 
2 
1 
1 

59 

45to54yeaD«  ...*. 

!..»   .- 

66 

ft5to64^9»arB 

1 

65 

•'■  05  veanisndover..... . 

1  !               1 

39 

(TotalcoloTed.^..^..:. 

17.847 

3.107 

215 

1,623 

29 

3,917^ 

9,956 

'  Under  H) years..,,..,,... 

4,247 
2,328 
1,913 
1,316 
1. 100 
1,134 
1,904 
1,640 
-   1.224 
1,041 

5 
260 
479 
270 
204 
220 
420 
465 
429 
355 

1 
6 
14 
18 
27 
24 
46 
38 
22 
20 

6  '         4.235 

.,  W to  14 years.,.;. ... 

15  to  1ft  years..  ..J 

a0to24ye«rs.,...* 

26  to'29' years...  vu 

80  to  84  years...  J. 

35to44years 

-    45to54yearB 

.  55 to 64 years... ^a 

OSando^rer ;* 

82 
256 
232 

m 

180 
250 
236 
162 

58 

1 
4 
2 
5 

9 

4 
2 
1 

140 
387 
298 
268 
300 
525 
414 
2^1 
280 

i,830 
776 
494 
422 
396 
655 
483 
338 
327 

Oelored  malea «,. . 

8,825 

3,104  1           195 

1,396 

28 

1.069 

3»a36 

.Under  10  years 

;       2,184 
1,196 
847 
698 
447 
486 
860 
864 
730 
623 

6                 1 
260                 6 
479               14 
289               18 
204               2R 

4 
84 
131 
lU) 
72 

m 

165 

144 

•     128 

1.^ 

2.174 

IQ  to  14  years 

67 
206 
194 
139 
154 
216 
216 
146 
,     67 

1 
1 
3 

778 

,  :     15  tola  years.., 4; 

20to24yBars.,_ 

25  to  29  years... ;» 

80to34years...vvt 

35  to  44  years..-,, 

45  to  54  years  ..  .^, 

»      55  to  64  y  ears.. -i.- 

,  05  years  and  over. 

16 

4 
6 

218 
420 
466 
429 
35.'> 

20 
43 
30 
19 

18 

5 
9 
4 
2 

1 

8 
7 

5 
6 

87 

lOoloiredfeinfales.. ....«, 

9,022 

8 

20 

228 

3 

1,848 

6.920 

1  .Under  |0  years 

2,063 

1,132 

1,086 

718 

653 

6^ 

1,054 

776 

494 

418 

1 

2 

&> 
258 
188 
It  8 

370 
270 

}i 

2,061 
1,052 

.       10  to  14  years...;. 

15 
50 
38 
88 
26 
34 
20 
6 
1 

i  Ip to  19 years  ...^ 

760 

d»to24years * 

fte  to  2»  years.,  .„ 

1 

1 
2 

490 

1 

416 

80to84years..  . 

2 

4 
2 

8 
3 
2 

808 

85  to  44  years...; 

648 

•  1  45  to  54  years  - .  .,;■, 

478 

;.     55  to  64  years..., 

332 

65  years  and  over 

290 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


448  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

Table  XXV,— Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  rtice— Continned. 


PBOVINCB  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


Total. 


>r  10  yean ... 

Uyeara 

19  years 

24  yean 

89  years 

84  years 

44  years 

54  years 

64  years 

Rrs  and  over. 


Total. 


Acrlcal- 

rare, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 


366,686 


Total  males 189,067 


77,209 
51.841 
40,716 
34.309 
81.586 
27.389 

15.618 
8.146 


81,961 


896 
9.248 
11.145 
10,503 
9,917 
8.976 
14.887 
9,181 
5.464 
2.774 


)r  10  years... 

14  years 

19  years 

24  years 

29  years 

34  years 

44  years 

54  years 

64  years 

ara  and  over 


Total  females. 


38.920 
26,383 
19.281 
18.145 
17.264 
15.324 
24.614 
15,674 
9,088 
4.464 


167,479 


Under  10  years 38,289 

lOto  14  years 24,958 

15tol9years 21.485 

20  to  24  years 16.064 

26to29years I  14.272 

80to84  years I  12.016 

85  to44  years 18.638 

46to54  years i  11.697 

56  to64  years '  6,580 


65  years  and  over  . 
Total  native  white  . . . . 


Under  10  years ... 

10 tol4 years . 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30to34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Native  white  males  . . 


Under  10  years  . . . 

10  toU  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


8.681 


80,866 


886 
9.167 
11.041 
10,444 
9,840 
8.880 
14,163 
8,908 
5.804 
2,669 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


18.699 


4 
609 

1,7S4 
2,006 
1.903 
1.706 
2.837 
1,744 
801 
246 


13,606 


4 
606 

1,745 
1,994 
1,968 
1,694 

2.817 

1,781 

791 


1,065 


11 
91 
104 
69 

77 
96 
194 
188 
150 
115 


214.945  I      45.847 


63.962 
36,434 
27.421 
20,297 
17,710 
15,221 
28,814 
12.385 
6.824 
2,427 


106,  ni 


27,259 
18.775 
12.686 
9.855 
8.709 
7,861 
12,077 
5,957 
2,576 
1,016 


Native  white  females I    108, 174 


Under  10 years ... 

10  tol4  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

46  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

85  years  and  over 


26,708 
17,659 
14,735 
10,442 
9,001 
7,380 
11,287 
6,378 
8,248 
1.411 


264 
6.972 
7,815 
6,245 
5,528 
5.077 
7,833 
8,883 
1,616 

614 


46,606 


6,908 
7,760 
6,280 
5,506 
5,054 
7,808 
8,868 
1,607 
614 


241 


96 


5,778 


1 
899 

1,194 
905 
794 
702 

1,072 
445 
201 
68 


5,747 


1,188 
897 
791 
696 

1.068 
442 
201 


liann- 
factor- 
ing and 

mechan- 
ical in- 

dnstrlesL 


16.817 


U 

7» 

8.689 

8.686 

8. 868 

2.078 

8.208 

1,947 

977 

827 


15,160 


10 
668 

8.068 
8,218 
2,117 
1,906 
8.065 
1,852 
940 
818 


1,657 


1 
100 
451 
817 
8i6 
167 
228 
96 
87 
15 


7,665 


4 

879 

1,824 

1,215 

1,096 

919 

1,468 

780 

888 

106 


6,688 


4 

817 

1.060 

1,074 

996 

841 

1.887 

671 

297 

96 


68 
864 

141 
106 
78 
141 
50 
26 
7 


Profea- 

■ional 

■ervioe. 


1.400 


4 
64 
179 
196 
884 
870 
818 
106 
60 


1.060 


1 

84 
88 

189 
186 
818 
177 


840 


987 


141 
148 
166 
866 
181 
68 
86 


687 


16 
60 
97 
184 
810 
106 
60 
86 


Without 
KBinfnl 
service,    oocaps- 
tion. 


80.886 


180 
8.500 
4.079 
4.166 
8,807 
8,470 
5,506 
8,660 
8,258 
1.131 


22.190 


87 
1,818 
8. 038 
8,157 
8.971 
8,4fi4 
8.880 
8,508 
1.600 
848 


1.646 


06 

687 

1,141 

1,000 

886 

1,016 

1,685 

1,148 

666 

888 


10.888 


74 
1,878 
1,904 
1,6U 

i,8n 

1,191 

1,687 

706 

806 

106 


8,644 


45 
1,067 
1,614 
1,407 
1,180 

wa 

1,868 
682 
266 

96 


1,644 


29 
816 
890 
804 
191 
198 
819 
184 
68 
10 


211.9Si 


76,61a 

aB.ss 

21. » 
14.880 
IS,16B 
10.90 

16,  no 

10.537 
6.Q8D 
8.618 


66.» 


88,431 
14.4B 

i,ao6 

8tf 
214 
205 
481 
419 
810 
867 


166,655 


88,164 

84,on 

19,740 
14.5n 
12,904 
10,685 
16.» 
10,118 
6,710 
8.281 


144,608 


68,619 
27.408 

^?J 
10,180 

8,777 

7.176 

lag 

6.880 
8,811 
1.516 


89,  «6 


28,9tf 
10.100 
1.048 
188 
14S 
161 
886 
248 
Iff 

J? 
lfl6,'S7 


28,671 
9.90 

^% 

8,12 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


449 


Table  KXV.—Orand  groups  of  occupations  by  age^  sex,  and  race— Continued. 
PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA-Continued. 


TotaL 

Agricul- 
ture, 

fisheries, 
and 

mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white 

29,823 

U,341 

6,248 

2,388 

842 

4,446 

5.058 

Under  10  vears        ... 

429 
567 
1,686 
4,621 
5,227 
4,825 
6,810 
8,940 
1,621 
606 

7 

125 

537 

1,990 

2,216 

1,801 

2,579 

1.379 

526 

181 

2 
44 

427 
983 

1,044 
865 

1,544 
898 
331 
110 

2 

8 
66 
267 
865 
418 
654 
404 
162 
57 

6 
28 
188 
798 
929 
673 
1,058 
532 
182 
52 

412 

10  to  14  years 

1 
5 
24 
37 
52 
98 
70 
38 
22 

861 

16  to  19  years 

872 

20  to  24  years 

559 

25  to  20  years 

636 

90  to84  years 

521 

3S  to 44  vears       ....    .. 

H82 

46  to  34  years 

657 

55  tod4  years 

382 

66  years  and  over..... 

276 

Foreign  white  males 

25,336 

11,322 

6,207 

2,361 

305 

4,312 

829 

Under  10 years .. .  ...... 

248 
335 
1,223 
4,050 
4,572 
8,784 
5,949 
8,388 
1,318 
489 

7 

125 

537 

1,986 

2,212 

1.799 

2.575 

1,377 

525 

179 

2 

42 

,     425 

980 
1,038 
858 
1,533 
892 
328 
100 

2 

7 

52 
264 
861 
410 
648 
400 
161 
S6 

3 
23 

180 
7a5 
908 
652 
1,019 
516 
177 
49 

234 

10  to  14  years 

1 
2 
16 
31 
47 
87 
63 
36 
22 

137 

16  to  19  years 

27 

20  to  24  years 

19 

25  to  20  years 

22 

80  to  84  years 

18 

85  to  44  years 

87 

45  to  54  years 

120 

66  to64  years 

91 

65  years'and  over 

74 

Foreign  white  females 

4.487 

.       19 

41 

27 

37 

134 

4,229 

Under  10 years .........  . 

181 
232 
862 
571 
655 
541 
861 
572 
303 
209 

3 
5 
8 
13 
21 
21 
39 
16 
5 
3 

178 

10  to  14  years 

2 
2 
3 
6 

7 
11 
6 
3 

1 

i 

4 
3 
4 
8 
6 
4 
1 
1 

224 

BtolO^ears 

3 

8 
6 
5 
6 

7 
2 

845 

20  to  24  years 

4 

4 
2 
4 
2 

1 
2 

540 

25  to  29  years 

614 

80  to  84  years  ............. 

503 

85io44  years 

795 

45  to54  years 

537 

66  to  64  years 

291 

65  yearsand  over 

202 

Total  colored ....  ' 

111,768 

24,763 

1.675 

6,864 

100 

16,102 

62,364 

Under  10  vears       ... 

22,818 
14.340 
11.710 
9,291 
8,599 
7,793 
13,028 
10,996 
8,173 
6,000 

125 
2,151 
2,793 
2,268 
2,173 
2,000 
3,945 
8,919 
3.312 
1.979 

1 
66 
133 
118 
155 
189 
221 
401 
269 
72 

5 

365 

1,159 

1,053 

900 

741 

1,171 

813 

492 

165 

100 
1.199 
1,987 
1,757 
1,597 
1,606 
2,760 
2.352 
1,768 

22,587 

10  to  14  years 

10.559 

15  to  19  years 

9 
14 
19 
16 
22 
11 
7 
2 

6,629 

20  to  24  years 

4.081 

25  to  29  years 

8,755 

80  to 34  years 

85  to  44  years 

8,193 
•       4,900 

45  to  54  years 

8,5)0 

56  to  64  years        ....  .  . 

2.325 

66  years  and  over 

976            1.826 

Colored  males 

56,950 

23.938 

1,549 

6,117 

77 

9.234          16,«35 

Under  10  years. ........ 

11,418 
7,273 
5,322 
4,240 
3.983 
3,679 
6,588 
6,349 
5,144 
2,959 

117 
2,129 
2,744 
2,228 
2,122 
2,027 
8,780 
3,753 
3,172 
1,866 

1 
65 
132 
117 
154 
188 
•216 
397 
262 
67 

4 

328 
976 
880 
763 
655 
1,090 
781 
482 
158 

39          11.252 

10  to  14  vears 

733            4,018 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

6 

8 
11 
14 
21 
8 
7 
2 

1,144!            83^ 
965  1              42 

25  to  20  years   ........  . 

883                50 

80  to  34  years 

809  1              86 

35  to  44  years 

1,433  '              48 

46  to  64  years 

1,354                56 

55  to  64  years 

1,168                53 

65  years  and  over ,. 

706  1            160 

Colore  females 

54,818 

825 

26 

747 

23 

6,86b  1        46,329 

Under  10  years...... 

11,406 
7,067 
6,388 
5.051 
4,616 
4,114 
6.440 
4,647 
3,029 

8 
22 
49 
40 
51 
71 
165 
166 

140 

1 

37 
183 
173 

61          11,335 

10  to  14  vears     .     .  .. 

466            6.541 

15  to  19  years 

3 
6 

8 
2 

1 
3 

843           5,3()9 

20  to  24  years 

792            4,039 

25  to  20  years 

1  i           137 

714           8,7(« 

30  to  34  years 

86 
81 
32 
10 

7 

797           8,157 

86 to 44  years 

1.327  ,         4,861 

45  to 54  years     ...  . 

998            8,444 

56  to  64  vears 

600  1         2,272 

66  years  and  over 

2  061  1           li-^ 

270  !         1-fiHH 

1 

24662- 


-29 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


450  REPORT   ON   THE    CENSU.^    OF    CUBA,   1899. 

Table  jLXV.^OraTid  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  i<ex,  and  raci*— Contanned. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total. 


Mirs. 

■s 

'« 

■s 


•8 

I  over. 


Affrical- 
ture, 

fisheries, 
and 

mining. 


182 
0,431 

10.122 
7,366 
6,120 
6,786 

13, 181 
8,462 
4,558 
2,401 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 


0,270  I      14,885 


7 
382 
1.370  ' 
1,362 
1.172  I 
1,174  I 
2, IIP  ' 
1.007 
427  I 
150 


33 

000 

2.860 

2,124 

1,800 

1,052 

2,705 

1,360 

647 

247 


Profes- 
sional 
servioe. 


1,028 


Totalmales 163,846  |      67,443,       0,140 


Under  10  years .  - . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25to20year8 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


Total  females. 


0,309 
0,081 
7,261 
6,035 
6,666 
12,900 
8,241 
4,425 
2,438 


163,870 


Under  10  years . . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  28  years 

30  to34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  yearaand  over . 


Total  native  white. 


Under  10  years..  . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years , 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Native  white  males . . 


Under  10  years  — 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  ;H  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over.. 

Native  white  females. 


Under  10  years... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  JJ4  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years     .   . 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  <rver . 


43,820 
25,353 
10,772 
12.337 
10,570 
11,282 
18,700 
11,385 
6,468 
4,065 


167,707 


40,30"} 
28.647 
10,356 
12,045 
0.558 
10,8:36 
18,805 
10,73!) 
5,500 
2.010 


82,202 


1,256 


4 
122 
141 
105 

85 
120 
272 
221 
133 

53 


35.424 


120 
5,726 
5,587 
3,780 
2.040 
3,418 
6,843 
4,041 
2,027 

033 


35,240 


25,527 
14,683 
8,746  , 
5,727  I 
4,375 
4,058 
0,273 
5,264 
2,558 
1,101 


85,505 


23,775 
13,064 
10,610 
6.318 
5,183 
5,878 
0,622 
5,48.^) 

2,or.i 

1,71<» 


128 
6,682 
5,562 
3,768 
2«020 
3,403 
6,810 
4,022 
2,017 

020 


184 


7 

382 

1,360 

1,353 

1,150 

1.162 

2.080 

1.050 

408 

142 


130 


4,606 


4 
207 
064 
T37 
504 
573 
038 
305 
138 
46 


4,568 


4 
207 
064 
783 
600 
671 
081 
887 
135 
46 


28 


12,001 


30 
872 
2,236 
1,767 
1,625 
1,760 
2,637 
1,300 


1,004 


8 
127 
624 
367 
'244 
182 
258 
69 
21 


4,033 


7 
287 
865 
617 
476 
513 
718 
341 
162 
48 


3,420 


6 
240 
676 
616 
882 
456 
618 
320 
152 
47 


613 


47 
188 
102 
83 
68 
100 
21 
10 
1 


2 
75 

130 

lao 

146 
256 
162 
83 


780 


I  Withoat 
Personal,  gainful 
service,    occupa- 

I     tion. 


14,885 


05 
1,373 
2,145 
1.844 
1,824 
1,783 
2,876 
1,713 
870 
362 


10,162 


1 

28 

68 
107 
120  ; 
220 
143  ! 

70  ; 


715 


1 

61 
88 
88 
100 
175 
105 
68 
27 


606 


10 
46 
66 
77 
144 
87 
46 
24 


207 


48 

064 

1,51^ 

1,378 

1,355 

1,244 

1,921 

1.058 

463 

213 


4,723 


47 
408 
627 

t4i6 

630 
055 
655 
407 
149 


4,209 


34 
584 


400 
461 
704 


67 


21 


628 
401 
383 
585 
201 
lU 
48 


686 


13 
132 
144 
74 
58 
68 
100 
67 
21 
0 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


461 


Table  XXV. — Chrand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continned. 
PBOVTNCB  OP  SANTIAQO-Continued. 


TotaL 

Agricol- 

ture, 
fisheries. 

and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Mann- 
factnr- 
ingand 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
ser^oe. 

Personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

T'otal  foreiim  white 

13.313 

4.302 

3,813 

1,000 

219 

2,210 

2,148 

Under  lOyears 

318 

271 

550 

1,477 

2,189 

1,960 

3,485 

1.975 

753 

326 

1 

17 

50 

266 

461 

386 

622 

300 

84 

16 

817 

lOtoUyears 

15 to  IQyears 

24 

93 
455 
790 
724 
1.273 
676 
262 
105 

23 
210 
471 
614 
446 
876 
622 
191 

65 

2 
28 
66 
172 
173 
836 
177 
61 
14 

206 

4 

21 
84 
85 
50 
47 
14 
5 

167 

20  to24  vears 

206 

25  to  29  years 

218 

30  to 34  vears.... --..-. 

107 

35  to  44  years 

820 

45  to5l  vears - 

244 

55  to64y€)ar8 

151 

65  vears  and  over 

121 

Foreign  white  males  

11,446 

4,379 

8,298 

096 

207 

2,134 

433 

Under  lOyears.... ........ 

158 

146 

397 

1,259 

1,948 

1.749 

3.160 

1,762 

626 

241 

1 

18 

64 

246 

448 

876 

607 

200 

80 

16 

167 

10  to  14  vears.-..--..--..-. 

24 
03 
466 
789 
721 
1,267 
674 
251 
106 

23 
210 
468 
510 
444 
860 
521 
180 

64 

2 

20 

63 

167 

160 

828 

172 

60 

14 

84 

15  to  19 years...  

20to24 vears  

4 
19 
80 
83 
66 
46 
14 

6 

16 

8 

25  to  29  vears 

*o 

30to34'vears    

6 

35  to  44  years. .... 

38 

46  to  54  years.--. 

65  to  64  years 

60 
82 

66  years  and  over 

38 

Foreign  white  females 

1.867 

13 

20 

31 

12 

76 

1.716 

Under  10  years 

160 
125 
162 
218 
241 
211 
325 
213 
127 

160 

10  to  14  years 

4 
6 
10 
18 
0 
16 
10 
4 
1 

121 

15  to  19  years 

6 
3 
5 
4 

7 
6 

1 

161 

20  to  24  years 

3 

4 
2 
7 
1 
2 
1 

2 
4 

2 
8 

1 

200 

25  to  29  years 

1 
3 
6 
2 

1 

200 

30  to  34  vears        .      .  i... 

101 

35  to  44  vears 

287 

45  to  54  years. .., 

104 

65  to  64  years 

110 

66  years  and  over. .-. 

85 

83 

Totalcolored             

146,605 

28,883 

1,356 

0,836 

04 

8,466 

07.970 

Under  10  years........... 

40.078 
22.986 
16,. 163 
10.836 
9.227 
9,541 
16.355 
10,724 
6,367 
4,128 

53 
3.681 
4,442 
3,131 
2,390 
2.644 
5,066 
3.746 
2,279 
1,453 

8 

72 

196 

164 

164 

166 

306 

•    180 

98 

39 

26 

710 

1,060 

1,441 

1,222 

1,266 

1,742 

861 

424 

186 

60 

772 

1.260 

066 

008 

047 

1,660 

1,066 

654 

289 

30,986 

10  to  l4  years 

1 

10 
10 
16 
U 
22 
10 
11 

3 

17,750 

15  to  10  y*'ars 

8.496 

20  to  24  vears            

6,115 

25  to  29  vears       

4.542 

30  to  34  vears 

4,518 

35  to  44  y«"ar8 

7.671 

45to54  years 

56to64yfars     

4,882 
2,901 

65  years  and  over. 

2,159 

Colored  malen       . 

70.107 

27,824 

1.274 

8,576 

74 

.     4.605 

27,854 

Under  10  years , 

10  to  14  years 

20,184 
11,722 
7,363 
5,085 
4.072 
4.348 
7,512 
5,027 
2,977 
1,867 

60 
3.609 
4,336 
3.038 
2,317 
2.642 
4,832 
3,645 
2,157 
1,404 

3 
72 
195 
152 
149 
147 
289 
151 
84 
32 

25 

630 
1,540 
1,180 
1,066 
1.136 
1,501 
808 
414 

in 

26 
490 
772 

608 
611 
485 
710 
468 
272 
150 

20,080 

1 
6 
4 
U 
10 
20 
10 
10 
3 

6.917 

15  to  19  vears    

515 

20  to  24  vears 

49 

25  to  29  y earn    

18 

30  to  34  vrars 

28 

35  to  44  years 

61 

45  to  54  vears            .     .  . 

45 

55  to  64  years 

40 

66  years  and  over.  

101 

Holored  f  emal'»'<     .... 

76,498 

1,060 

82 

1,260 

20 

3,961 

70,116 

Under  10  years .-...-.. 

19,894 
11,264 
9,000 

3 

78 
lOA 

•    1 

80 

429 

262 

156 

130 

151 

43 

10 

8 

34 
273 
478 
382 
392 
462 
831 

19,856 

10  to  14  vears 

i 

2 
6 

8 
16 
29 
14 

10,833 

15  to  19  years       

5 
6 
5 

1 
2 

7,961 

20to24year8 

5,801  ;             93 
5,155               73 
5, 1«}             102 
KH4ii             233 
6,097  1           200 
3, 39(1  1            122 
2,:^1  .            49 
1 

6,066 

25to29yeai*fl    

4,624 

30  to  34  years 

4.490 

35to44  years    

7.610 

46  to54  years 

56  to  64  years          

588            4i837 

1 

382            2,861 

65  years  and  over 

130            2.  (£8 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


452         REPORT  ON  THE  0ENBU8  OP  CUBA,  18»9. 

Tablb  XXV.— Orand  groups  of  occupations  by  age^  sex,  and  race — Contmned. 

CITY  OP  GIENFUEOOS. 


Total 

Under  10  years  . . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

ao  to  2i  years.... 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Total  males 

Under  10  years  . . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years  . .  .. 

JBO  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Total  females 

Under  10 years ... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

.65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Total  native  white . . . 

Under  10  years — 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

•  20to24  years 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over. 

Native  white  males . . 

Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  84  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

Native  white  females 

Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15tol9year8 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  20  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to&4  years 

55  to  64  years 

-  65  years  and  over. 


TotaL 

Aflrrlonl- 
tnre, 

fisheries, 
and 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Mann- 
factnr- 
ing  and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa- 

tionT 

80,088 

901 

8.085 

8.»1 

294 

4.004 

18.658 

6,688 

2 

28 

6,506 

8,802 

47 

91 

168 

241 

£360 

8,296 

91 

877 

626 

12 

488 

1.801 

8,066 

08 

568 

621 

61 

479 

1.854 

2,684 

97 

499 

899 

44 

582 

1.113 

2.878 

120 

406 

801 

51 

482 

an 

8,847 

176 

600 

671 

70 

809 

hm 

2,860 

ISO 

847 

841 

34 

542 

966 

1286 

91 

142 

146 

20 

282 

694 

708 

51 

61 

68 

12 

111 

420 

14,689 

881 

8,088 

2.880 

220 

2,510 

6,061 

8,198 

2 

18 

8,188 

1,888 
1.415 

47 
91 

88 
376 

154 
441 

181 
816 

140 

6 

*1» 

1,6QS 

06 

660 

466 

26 

841 

88 

1,842 

96 

484 

848 

88 

882 

14 

1,214 

119 

899 

810 

41 

207 

18 

1,968 

172 

597 

618 

50 

477 

40 

1,178 

128 

841 

817 

25 

328 

89 

006 

91 

140 

139 

18 

182 

33 

296 

51 

51 

61 

12 

68 

58 

15,449 

10 

27 

862 

74 

1,484 

13,498 

8,840 

15 

3.325 

2.009 

9 

HO 

1.887 

1,880 

86 

6 

172 

1.616 

1,654 

2 

66 

25 

188 

1,321 

1,842 

1 

66 

U 

170 

1,089 

1,160 

1 

61 

10 

186 

908 

1,884 

4 

68 

U 

832 

1.481 

1,187 

2 

24 

9 

219 

927 

682 

7 

2 

110 

661 

412 

2 

..^...  V... 

48 

8S7 

16,786 

884 

1,260 

1,488 

175 

1,088 

11.480 

4,167 
2;  890 

* 

10 

4,147 

29 

68 

72 

90 

2.186 

1,920 

46 

241 

258 

10 

172 

1183 

1,666 

48 

248 

288 

86 

173 

860 

1,227 

83 

187 

185 

28 

169 

636 

1,044 

46 

166 

160 

81 

123 

638 

1,712 

68 

196 

806 

48 

184 

681 

928 

39 

102 

144 

14 

81 

548 

502 

24 

48 

66 

8 

84 

822 

262 

15 

24 

25 

5 

12 

181 

7,045 

334 

1,262 

1,287 

ISO 

886 

8.206 

2,011 

7 

2.004 

1,160 
792 

29 
46 

63 
240 

68 
215 

60 
146 

WO 

6 

140 

702 

49 

241 

212 

19 

166 

25 

549 

83 

186 

167 

22 

188 

9 

472 

46 

156 

185 

25 

98 

12 

717 

53 

195 

275 

87 

180 

27 

371 

39 

100 

182 

10 

09 

21 

177 

24 

48 

69 

7 

27 

12 

95 

15 

24 

24 

5 

U 

16 

8,690 

8 

151 

45 

202 

8,284 

2,146 

3 

2,143 

1.231 
1,128 

4 
43 

81 
26 

1.196 

1 

5 

1,063 

891 
678 
672 
995 
657 
325 
167 

2 
2 

21 
18 
15 
80 
12 
7 
1 

17 
6 
6 
6 

4 
1 

17 
26 
25 
54 
12 
7 
1 

831 

ifiM 

526 

1 
2 

901 

627 

810 

166 



— 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


453 


Table  XXV. — Orand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  raxie — ContinaecL 
CITY  OP  CIENFUEGK>8— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricnl- 
ture,^ 

fisheries, 
and 

mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta^ 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  f  oreiim  white 

8,486 

178 

1,677 

406 

91 

607 

627 

Under  10  years 

70 
169 
469 
616 
6QS 
860 

1 

16 
106 
275 
286 
222 
863 
218 
68 
23 

58 

Rl 

10  to  U  years 

2 
5 
18 
21 
82 
49 
86 
9 
6 

1 
6 
38 
46 
70 
121 
76 
36 
11 

1 

16  to  19  years 

2 
11 
12 
14 
23 
14 
9 
6 

19                31 

20  to  24  years   

56                61 

26  to  29  years 

89                61 

80  to  84  years     ....  . 

108                A1 

86  to  44  years 

174 
111 
40 
14 

120 

46  to  64  years     ..      .. 

640 
217 
104 

85 

66  to  64  years 

66 

66  years  and  over 

Foreign  white  males  

44 

2,900 

177 

1,662 

393 

76 

574 

119 

Under  10  years 

86 
41 
138 
890 
446 
429 
716 
466 
176 
74 

. 

1 

13 
106 
274 
283 
219 
361 
214 
68 
23 

84 

10  to  14  years 

2 

6 

17 

21 

32 

49 

86 

9 

6 

1 
6 
37 
43 
09 
116 
74 
86 
11 

1 

18 
52 
88 
96 
164 
106 
39 
12 

24 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

1 
6 
11 
12 
19 
12 
8 
6 

8 
4 

26  io  29  years 

1 

80  to  34  years 

1 

86  to  44  years 

7 

46  to  64  years 

18 

56  to64  years 

16 

66  years' and  over 

16 

Fbreign  white  females 

685 

1 

16 

12 

16 

88 

508 

Under  10  years 

24 
29 
80 
69 
70 
73 
134 
86 
41 
30 

y 

24 

lOtoUyears 

27 

16  to  19  years 

1 
5 
1 
2 
4 
2 
1 

10 
2 

£8 

20  to  24  years 

1 

1 

8 
8 
2 

4 

1 
3 
1 
5 
2 

67 

26  to  20  years 

00 

80  to  84  years 

60 

86  to  44  years 

113 

46  to  64  years 

72 

56  to  64  years 

89 

66  years  and  oTer 

28 

Total  fioloTf^d 

10,818             389 

228 

1,378 

28 

2,359 

6,436 

Under  10  years 

2.322 

1,432 

1,206 

1,004 

942 

827 

1,285 

892 

566 

842 

1 
13 
30 
35 
26 
25 
41 
27 
26 

i 

18 
150 
297 
260 
284 
256 
461 
860 
218 

85 

2. 308 

10  to  14  years 

16 
40 
31 
43 
42 
74 
56 
58 
80 

90 
262 
260 
168 
171 
245 
121 
44 
27 

1,163 

16  to  19  years 

677 

20  to  24  years 

4 

4 
6 
4 
6 
3 
1 

434 

26  to  29  years 

417 

80  to  84  years 

86  to  44  years 

827 
470 

46  to  64  years... 

833 

66to64years   

66  years  and  over 

217 
106 

Colored  males , 

4.644 

380 

224 

1,189 

15 

1,100 

1,736 

Under  10  years 

1,162 
683 
484 
410 
348 
813 
630 
847 
260 
127 

1 

12 
80 
35 
26 
24 
41 
27 
24 

4 

6 
71 
162 
138 
143 
108 
183 
148 
116 
45 

1,146 

10  to  14  years 

16 
40 
80 
42 
41 
70 
•58 
58 
30 

86 
220 
207 
133 
136 
227 
111 
44 
26 

499 

16tol9  years 

42 

20to24  years 

26  to  29  years 

i 

80to84  years 

36  to  44  years 

4 

3 
3 
3 

1 

46to64  years 

56to64  years 

21 

Colored  females 

6,174 

9 

4 

189 

13 

1,250 

4,700 

Under  10  years 

.  1,170 
749 
722 
694 
604 
514 
766 
545 
316 
215 

12 
79 
145 
117 
141 
153 
268 
202 
102 
40 

1,158 

10  to  14  years 

1 

5 
42 
43 
35 
35 
18 
10 

664 

16  to  19  years 

636 

20  to  24  years 

1 
1 
1 
4 
2 

8 
4 

2 

1 
3 

ttO 

26  to  29  years 

418 

a0to84  years 

1 

822 

86  to  44  years 

464 

46  to64  years 

8S8 

66  to  64  years 

2 

212 

66  yean  and  oyer 

1 

174 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


454 


REPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XXV. — Orand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sftr,  and  race — Continaed. 

CITY  OP  HABANA. 


Total. 

Agrtcul 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur 
ingand 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustjries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Without 
Personal!  gahiful 
service,    occupa- 
tion. 

Total 

285,061 

716 

31,361 

31,013 

3,666 

40.866  1      127.081 

Cinder  lOy^uv 

42,111 
23,906 
25,310 
27,500 
26,357 
21.982 
82,354 
•10,414 
11.066 
6,783 

2 

11 

87 

78 

113 

85 

163 

107 

70 

49 

14 
713 
8,766 
6,850 
6,175 
4,227 
6,283 
3,273 
1,521 
520 

4,827 
6,106 
6,216 
4,207 
6,001 
3.096 
1,540 
481 

1 

11 
104 
862 
647 
574 
000 
645 
208 
158 

187  ,        41.885 

lOtoUyears 

2,004  >       19.588 

16  to  10  years 

4,524          12,061 

20  to  ^  yean 

5.589          10.606 

26to20year8 

80  to  84  years 

5,943  !         9,364 
6.200           7,600 

85  to  44  years   

7,649          11,406 

45  to  64  years 

5,046           7,308 

65 tod4 years   

2,896  ,         4,746 

65  years  and  over 

1,330  1         3,245 

Total  malf^ 

123,258 

708 

31,135 

28,187 

3,091 

26,704         33,348 

TTnder  10  years 

20,726 
U.TOO 
12,450 
15,164 
15,025 
12.418 
17,852 
10,224 
6,384 
2,315 

1 

11 
87 
77 
113 
85 
162 
106 

*      13 
707 
3,738 
6,816 
6.140 
4,204 
6.241 
3,252 
1,508 
617 

17 

1 

02  1       20,602 

10  to  14  years 

1,400,              8 
4,004,            68 
4,383             260 

1,102           8,472 

16  to  19  years 

2,011            1.602 

ao  to  24  years 

4,075 
4,348 
8,620 
4,958 
3,162 
1,799 
727 

564 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  84  years 

4,677 
3.793 
5,206 
2,762 
1,402 
453 

435 

500 
825 
585 
258 
142 

312 
207 

86  to  44  years 

870 

46to64vears       

357 

66  to  64  years 

348 

66  years  and  over 

434 

Total  females. 

112,723 

12 

216 

3,726 

664 

13,672 

94,633 

Under  10  years 

21,385 
12,286 
12.860 
12,435 
11,832 
0,564 
14,502 
0,100 
6,682 
8.468 

1 

1 
6 
28 
44 
35 
23 
42 
21 
13 
8 

6 
170 
823 
T22 
638 
414 
605 
274 
138 
28 


96 
992 
1,618 
1,614 
1.686 
1,689 
2.501 
1.888 
1,007 
008 

21.283 

10  to  14  years 

3 
36 
102 
112 
65 
135 
00 
35 
16 

11.116 

15  to  10  years 

10,368 

20  to  24  years 

1 

10.053 

25  to  20  years 

9,052 

80  to  34  years 

7,473 

86 to 44 years  ............. 

1 
1 
1 

7 

11.12B 

46  to  64  years 

6,951 

66  to  64  years 

4.3ilB 

66  years  and  over 

2,811 

Total  native  white 

116.532 

294 

7,981 

13,135 

2.366 

8,972 

82,834 

Under  10  years 

28,733 
15,338 
14,170 
12.404 
10,684 
8,678 
12,483 
6.038 
3.010 
2,007 

2 
0 
10 
26 
86 
33 
66 
40 
87 
27 

9 

373 

1,368 

1,364 

1,129 

978 

1,475 

732 

861 

142 

6 

806 

2,496 

2.201 

2.067 

1.674 

2,146 

1,026 

464 

159 

1 

6 

77 

262 

866 

870 

640 

400 

161 

06 

17 

628 

1.528 

1.620 

1.433 

1,130 

1.435 

706 

326 

134 

28,696 

lOtoMyears 

13,515 

16  to  10  years 

8,682 

20 to 24 years  ............. 

6S85 

26  to  20  years 

6,665 

80  to  34  years 

4,484 

36  to  44  years 

6.721 

45  to  64  years 

4,084 

55  to  64  years 

2,570 

65  years  and  over 

1.640 

Native  whit^  malei?    . 

52,040 

282 

7.846 

11,008 

2.001 

7,832 

22.972 

Under  10  years 

14.310 
7,402 
6,268 
6,531 
4,900 
4,046 
6,645 
2.868 
1.407 
663 

1 
0 
10 
26 
85 
33 
66 
40 
37 
26 

8 

370 

1.350 

1.335 

1,116 

975 

1,461 

728 

361 

141 

4 

741 

2.184 

2,054 

1.944 

l..%9 

1,979 

948 

431 

154 

1 
3 

45 
184 
270 
882 
661 
864 
145 

87 

12 

449 

1,314 

1.471 

1,311 

1,022 

1,254 

618 

273 

108 

14,284 

10  to  14  years 

5.830 

15  to  10  years 

1.366 

20  to  24  years    .. 

461 

26  to  20  years 

215 

80  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

125 
224 

45  to  54  years 

170 

66  to  64  years 

160 

66  years  and  over 

147 

Native  white  females 

62,502 

2 

86 

1,137 

365 

1.140 

50,862 

Under  10  years 

14.423 
7,934 
7,902 
6,963 
6.784 
4,632 
6,938 
4.070 
2,512 
1,434 

1 

1 

8 
18 
20 
13 

3 
14 

4 

2 

65 

312 

237 

123 

115 

167 

78 

88 

5 

5 
179 
214 
155 
122 
117 
181 
88 
68 
26 

14,414 

10  to  14  years 

2 
32 
78 
76 
88 
70 
86 
16 

8 

7.685 

15  to  10  years 

7.326 

20  to  24  years 

6,464 

25  to  29  years 

5,4a0 

80  to  34  years 

4,3d0 

35  to  44  years 

6,497 

46  to  64  years 

8  8o4 

56  to64  years 

2!  410 

66  years  and  over 

1 

1 

i;du8 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


455 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age^  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
CITY  OP  HABAN A— Continued. 


Total  foreign  white  . . . 

Under  10  years 

10  to  U  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

(16  years  and  over.. 

Foreign  white  males . . 

Under  10  years . . . . 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  tt)  20  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years  .. 

46  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. . 

Foreign  white  females 

Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years  . . 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. . 

Total  colored 

Under  10  years  — 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25to20year8 

80  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years....... 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  . 

Colored  males 

Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to64 years .. 

65  years  and  over. . 

Colored  females 

Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  10  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over. . 


Total. 
52,901 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 
trauH- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

274 

21,412 

7,512 

1,074 

10,702 

11,837 

1,278 

2 

1 

4 

1  271 

1,054 
8,689 

260 
2,179 

70 
483 

2 
12 

66 
479 

647 

9 

577 

8,051 

35 

4,209 

097 

78 

1,631 

1,101 

8,770 

60 

3,770 

1,44«» 

156 

1,080 

1.374 

7,463 

33 

2,W2 

1,190 

178 

1,782 

1.288 

11,264 

66 

4,443 

1,829 

267 

2,515 

2,144 

6.454 

46 

2,278 

966 

200 

1,304 

1,501 

3,328 

22 

969 

474 

116 

683 

1,050 

1,555 

13 

301 

142 

56 

258 

785 

41,190 

272 

21,304 

7,200 

891 

0,620 

1,804 

613 

656 

3.118 

2 

267 

2,160 

1 

66 
409 

2 
52 

428 

608 

1 
9 

270 

9 

04 

6,791 

35 

4,195 

968 

50 

1,486 

48 

7,192 

50 

3,752 

1,412 

124 

1,781 

78 

5,973 

83 

2,97r, 

1,163 

•      152 

1,502 

57 

8,a54 

66 

4,418 

1,783 

214 

2,246 

128 

4,788 

46 

2,266 

902 

186 

1,226 

162 

2.285 

22 

960 

449 

08 

504 

162 

921 

11 

300 

137- 

48 

223 

202 

11,711 

2 

108 

222 

183 

1,163 

10,083 

665 

398 

571 

1,260 

1,578 

2 
14 
51 
145 
100 

663 

2 
10 
14 
18 

4 
24 

29 

28 

1 
8 
10 
82 

■  877 

483 

1.053 

1,801 

1,491 

17 

27 

26 

190 

1,231 

2,410 

25 

46 

58 

270 

2,016 

1.666 

12 

34 

28 

168 

1,429 

1,038 
634 

9 
1 

25 
5 

18 

8 

80 
35 

897 

2 

583 

67.548 

147 

2,008 

11,266 

215 

20,602 

33.310 

12,100 
7,606 

3 
71 

15 
703 

166 
1.400 

11.916 

2 

4 

5,426 

7,460 

9 

219 

1,808 

15 

2,517 

2,802 

7,054 

17 

286 

1,817 

•    22 

2,382 

2,580 

6,903 

28 

276 

1,708 

36 

2.580 

2.325 

5,841 

19 

257 

1,343 

26 

2,288 

1,008 

8,607 

31 

365 

1.928 

53 

8,600 

2.683 

6,022 

21 

263 

1,074 

36 

2.045 

1,683 

8.824 

11 

191 

602 

16 

1,887 

1,117 

2,131 

9 

77 

180 

7 

938 

920 

~  29' 128^ 

139 

1,986 

8,899 

100 

9,333 

8,6?2 

5,808 

3 

12 

78 

5,710 

8,642 

3 

70 

508 

4 

601 

2,372 

3,064 

9 

219 

1,411 

14 

1,160 

242 

2,842 

16 

285 

1,861 

17 

1,118 

45 

2,933 

28 

272 

1,321 

82 

1,256 

24 

2,400 

19 

254 

1,071 

^ 

1,006 

25 

8,543 

30 

362 

1,534 

1,450 

18 

2,568 

20 

258 

912 

85 

1,818 

25 

1,692 

10 

187 

522 

16 

032 

26 

731 

5 

76 

162 

7 

896 

85 

38,420 

8 

22 

2,367 

16 

11,260 

24,738 

6,297 
3,964 
4,396 

3 
110 

487 

88 

799 

1,348 

6,206 

i 

8,054 

1 

2,660 

4,212 

1 

i 

456 

5 

1,214 

2,535 

8,070 

4 

887 

4 

1,274 

2,301 

8.441 
6,154 

3 
8 

272 
802 

1 
3 

1,282 
2,140 

1,883 

1 

2,615 

8,544 

1 

•     .5 

1     162 

1 

1,627 

1,658 

•2.132 

1 

*-    ♦ 

*       80 

1 

955 

1,001 

1  400 

i 

1 

18 

542 

885 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


456 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Tablb  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continned. 

CITY  OP  MATANZA8. 


1 

Total. 

ArHcuI- 
tnre, 

fisheries, 
and 

mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
^on. 

8.888 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

I 
^l^  iPersonal 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total 

86.87^ 

1.828 

4,126             428  1        4.606 

22,064 

Under  10  years 

7,328 
4,876 
4,187 
8,751 
8,874 
2,679 
4,384 
2.906 
1,759 
1.128 

4 
126 
422 
624 
449 
871 
681 
400 
247 
106 

2 
216 
692 
661 
547 
449 
786 
444 
222 
106 

1  1            83 

7_2B8 

10  to  14  years 

84 
281 
251 
235 
212 
301 
214 
140 
105 

5  '          807  '         i,V» 

15 to  19 years  ..x 

22  !           660  .         2,230 

ao  to  24  years 

43             565           1.«S7 

25  to  29  years 

66 
67 
102 
65 
46 
20 

665           1.493 

30  to  34  years 

613  '         1,077 

"85  to  44  years 

847           1,687 

45  to  54  years 

007           1,160 

56to04  years 

879              7^ 

6ft  years  and  over 

802  '            680 

Total  mal44  , .  r .  ^ . . .  ^         

16,926 

1,806 

3.304 

8,217 

883 

2.U0B 

6,264 

Under  10  years 

8.642 
2,343 

1,787 
1,671 
1,470 
1,243 
2,103 
1.332 
867 
468 

4 
126 
417 

ftSI 

1 
168 
460 
491 
411 
361 

376 
204 
89 

1 
4 
18 
86 
48 
46 
89 
66 
88 
17 

14 
127 
248 
810 
277 
216 
896 
222 
180 

78 

8,628 

10 to  14 years   ........ 

83 
281 
251 

1,846 

15  to  19  years 

864 

20  to  24  years 

72 

26to29vears    ......  -.    . 

235  i           447 
2U  !           870 
296             673 
211  ,           406 
137             246 
100  1            96 

57 

30  to  34  years 1 , 

89 

35  to  44  years 

58 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

61 
6S 

65  years  and  over...... 

89 

Total  femalee. 

19,448 

18 

34 

908 

93 

2,006 

15,790 

Under  10  years 

8,686 
2,533 
2,400 
2.080 
1,004 
1.436 
2,281 
1,576 

1 

58 
228 
170 
136 
88 
120 
68 
18 
17 

19 
180 
807 
275 
806 
297 
611 
886 
199 
124 

8,666 

10  to  14  years 

1 

1 
9 
17 
22 
11 
18 
9 
8 
3 

2,Se 

15  to  19  years 

6 
3 
2 

1 
8 
3 
1 
11 

1.8S6 

20  to  24  years 

1,615 

26  to  20  years 

1.436 

80  to  34  years 

1 
5 
3 

1,08B 

S5to44  years             • -. 

1,615 

45 to54  years 

1,108 

65to64year8        

892  I              8 

660  I              5 

663 

65  years  and  over ,... 

GOO 

Total  native  white 

20,9:« 

857 

1,562 

1,979 

291 

1.20O 

15,042 

Under  10 years ........... 

4,833 
8.279 

.  2,ra8 

2,242 
1.869 
1,399 
2,240 
1,806 
067 
368 

4 

98 
296 
298 
212 
166 
277 
186 
57 
18 

2 
106 
824 
838 

286 
217 
401. 
196 
88 
40 

4 
HI 
202 
flTK 

4,813 

10  to  14  years 

62 
185 
144 
.     127 
104 
115 
70 
85 
15 

2 
19 
80 

2,898 

15  to  19  years 

1.712 

20  to  24  years 

i,m 

25  to  20  years 

40             175 
87  1           1JV7 

1.060 

30to84year8    

738 

85  to  44  years 

70 
60 
81 
12 

804 
101 
46 
16 

um 

45  to  54  years 

m 

55  to  64  years 

410 

65  years  and  over 

868 

Native  white  males 

9,219 

857 

1.553 

1,556 

216 

875 

4,162 

Under  10  years 

2,488 
1,567 
1,124 
920 
728 
595 
960 
518 
280 
114 

4 

98 
293 
296 
212 
165 
275 
186 
57 
18 

1 

72 
229 
256 
803 
178 
834 
170 
81 
82 

2 
65 
188 
166 
184 
96 
148 
74 
87 
14 

8.431 

10  to  14  years 

62 
185 
144 
127 
104 
115 
70 
85 
15 

1 

10 
14 
28 
80 
61 
42 
25 
10 

1.2» 

15  to  19  years 

15 

20  to  24  years 

46 

25to29years. 

84 

80  to  34  years  ..-. 

20 

35  to  44  years 

27 

45  to  54  years 

26 

65  to  64  years 

25 

65  years  and  over 

25 

Native  white  females 

11,712 

9 

428 

76 

826 

10,880 

Under  10  years 

2,886 
1,712 
1.614 
1,322 

1,146 

mi 

1.280 
788 
407 
254 

1 

86 
96 
82 
62 
30 
67 
26 
7 
8 

2 
46 
64 
40 
41 
89 
66 
27 

2,382 

10  to  14  years 

1 
9 
16 
17 
7 
9 
8 

l,& 

15  to  19  years 

8 
3 

1,448 

20  to  24  years 

1.181 

26  to  20  years 

1.080 

80to84 years    

. 

i 

2 

718 

35  to  44  years 

1,146 

46  to  54  years 

727 

65  to  64  years 

6                9 
2  '              1 

885 

66  years  and  over 

t 

243 





Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


457 


Table  XXV.— G'mnd  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race.— CJontmued. 
CITY  OP  MATANZAS-Continned. 


• 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 

mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa- 

Uon. 

Total  foreign  white 

8.644 

226 

1,422 

877 

110 

483 

1,027 

Under  lOyeara 

02 
47 
156 
438 
469 
411 
769 
587 
435 
246 

1 
2 

1 

10 
21 
16 
28 
12 
12 

8 

01 

10  to  14  years 

9 
85 
193 

3 
10 
84 
72 
67 
06 
70 
53 
19 

83 

15  to  19  years 

4. 
14 
26 
29 
66 
48 
83 
20 

4 

d7 

43 
86 
04 

9)  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

19S  .            58 
174  ,            46 
'.&o  I            06 
<S>:J              71 
13a  ,            40 
M              17 

91)  to  34  years 

81 

85  to  44  yean 

130 

4&to54years 

160 

56  to  d4  years 

164 

66  years  and  over 

128 

P<M«ign  white  males 

2,696 

225 

1,415  I           i*^ 

04 

412 

184 

Under  10 years ........... 

51 
24 
116 
860 
875 
820 
618 
419 
284 
138 

1 
2 
1 

10 
16 

50 

10  to  14  years 

0 

84 

103 

106 

174 

362 

221 

.     183 

53 

3 

10 

77 

10 

16  to  19  years 

4 
14 
28- 

48 
33 

20 

4 

43 
.   58 
43 
01 
70 
80 
17 

4 

20  to  24  years 

13 

26  to  29  years 

13 

80  to  84  years 

12               Rfi 

10 

86  to  44  years 

24 

11 

10 

7 

90 
55 
46 
14 

15 

46  to  54  years 

10 

66tod4  years 

28 

65  years  and  oyer 

27 

Foreign  white  females 

949 

7 

12 

Itt 

71 

843 

Under  10  years 

41 
23 

40 
83 
94 
01 
151 
168 
151 
107 

41 

10  to  14  years 

23 

16  to  19  years 

1 

89 

20  to  24  years 

4 

7 
6 
15 
16 
15 
7 
5 

72 

26  to  29  years.. ^ 

2 

5 
3 

4 
1 
2 

1 

81 

80  to  84  years 

2 
4 

1 

1 

71 

86  to  44  years 

3 

1 

124 

45  to  64  years 

150 

66  to  64  years 

141 

66  years  and  oyer 

ini 

• 

Total  colored..! 

11,799 

741 

354 

1,760 

25 

2,025 

5,985 

Under  10  years 

2,413 

1,560 

1,293 

1,076 

1,036 

860 

1,375 

1,015 

657 

515 

29 
108 
820 
206 
838 
80O 
547 
436 
280 
168 

2  384 

10  to  14  years 

22 

92 
•93 
82 
70 
180 
101 
72 
70 

18 
41 
83 
30 
81 
40 
51 
•67 
35 

108 
864 
276 
224 
187 
200 
177 
04 
49 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
4 
8 
3 

1,208 
465 

16tol9years 

20  to  24  years 

876 

26to29years 

349 

80  to  34  years 

258 

86  to  44  years 

355 

46  to  54  years 

247 

66  to  64  years 

151 

66  years  and  over 

193 

OoloT^  maleft 

5,012 

723 

336 

1,206 

23 

716 

1,918 

Under  10  years 

1,153 
752 
547 
401 
872 
328 
525 
395 
383 
216 

12 
.50 
86 
08 
77 
66 
108 
98 
07 
60 

1,141 
567 

10  to  14  years 

21 
92 
08 
82 
78 
126 
98 
69 
66 

18 
40 
83 
80 
81 
46 
40 
56 
24 

86 
236 
102 
150 
140 
232 
136 
84 
40 

i 

2 
2 

4 
4 
4 
3 
8 

i6toi9years 

91 

20  to  24  years' 

13 

26  to  29  years 

20 

80  to  34  years 

9 

86  to  44  years 

10 

46  to  54  years 

16 

55  to  64  years 

14 

66  years  and  over 

RT 

Onini-Ad  female , . 

6,787 

18 

18 

473 

2 

2,209  1         4,067 

Under  10  years 

1,260 

708 
746 
675 
664 
641 
850 
630 
334 
209 

17           1  2ia 

10  to  14  years 

1 

22 
128 
84 
74 
47 
58 
41 
10 
0 

134 
243 
238 
281 
243 

641 

16  to  19  years 

1 

....--- 

874 

20  to  24  years 

1 

862 

25  to  29  years 

830 

80  to  84  years 

1 
6 
8 
8 
5 

1 

9AQ 

86to44year8 

3 
2 

1 
11 

430  1            845 

46  to  64  years 

343  •            231 

56  to  64  years 

183               137 

66  years  and  oyer 

118  I            156 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


458 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


T.vbLE  XXV.  — ( frand  groups  of  oceupations  by  aye,  «cj\  and  race— Continued, 
CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


- 

Total. 

Affricul- 

ture, 
fisheries, 

and 
mining^. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total 

25,102 

689 

1,415 

2,22:& 

233 

1 
8  879  •       iA  MA 

^^^^ 

Under  10  years  

5>72 
3.219 
2,648 
2.(105 
1,628 
1,838 
3,079 
2,383 
1.530 
1,021 

1 

40 
208 
196 
122 
174 
821 
209 
93 
52 

1 
109 
370 
814 
263 
234 

an 

296 
188 
76 

10 
847 
665 
444 
378 
444 
728 
484 
818 
228 

5.860 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  19  years 

12 
76 
65 
63 
65 
142 
.      115 
92 
68 

1 
8 
24 
27 
86 
64 
87 
22 
14 

2,810 

1,401 

963 

20  to  24  years   

26to2»years 

30  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  to  64  years 

782 

886 

1.453 

1.118 

816 

65  years  and  over 

581 

Total  males 

10,912 

683 

1,371 

1,874 

188 

2.317 

4,478 

Under  10  years 

2,033 
1.615 
1,038 

847 
.    667 

1 

88 
204 
194 
120 
168 
313 
194 
88 
60 

1 

96 

•       285 

867 

221 

194 

801 

267 

170 

72 

4 

162 
865 
286 
.    235 
800 
416 
270 
175 
145 

2.927 

10  to  14  years  ..  .. 

10 
74 
63 

1 
4 
17 
16 
27 
67 
86 
18 
18 

1,207 
96 

16  to  19  years 

S0to24  years 

21 

25  to  29  years 

22 

aoto34years    

740  1            65 
1,276              142 

26 

35  to  44  years 

47 

45  to  54  years 

902 
591 
403 

115 

.    92 

68 

31 

66  to  64  years 

47 

65  years  and  over 

54 

Total  females 

14.190 

6 

44 

348 

44 

1,508 

12,186 

Under  10  years 

2,989 
1,704 
1,610 
1,158 

6 
86 
220 
168 
144 
184 
818 
284 
144 
84 

2.983 

10  to  14  years 

2 
2 
2 

1 
4 
1 
2 
6 
8 
15 
•5 
2 

18 
76 
47 
42 

40 
70 
88 
18 

4 

1.608 

16  to  19  years 

4 

il 

8 
7 
2 
3 
1 

1.306 
942 

20  to  24  years 

26to20years 

959 

760 

30  to  84  years 

1,099 

1,803 

1,361 

039 

618 

860 

86  to  44  years 

1.406 

1,081 

769 

46  to  54  years 

65to64years    

65  years  and  over 

627 

Total  native  white   

16,605 

463 

888 

968 

W 

*   1,832 

i2.185 

Under  10  years   

4,281 

2,344 

1,840 

1,233 

931 

1,178 

1,974 

1.337 

890 

497 

I 

48 
178 
181 
101 
102 
192 
110 
72 
82 

6 
168 
878 
811 
162 
221 
841 
200 
104 
52 

4,275 

10  to  14  years 

io 

57 
46 
89 
47 
106 
70 
56 
81 

87 
162 
119 

62 
109 
211 
111 

69 

19 

8,065 
708 

15  to  19  years 

%to  24  years 

5 
18 
17 
80 
48 
24 
15 
10 

25  to  20  years 

660 

30to34  years 

35  to  44  years 

669 

45  to  54  years 

66  to  64  years 

685 

65  years  and  over 

853 

Native  white  males 

6,764 

458 

862 

768 

181 

1.801 

8.243 

Under  10  years  

10  to  14  years 

2,119 
1,080 
713 
464 
838 
432 
764 
434 
272 
148 

1 

42 
188 
108 
85 
81 
144 
88 
58 
28 

1 
118 
288 
165 
123 
167 
281 
118 
64 
40 

2.117 
876 

8 
66 
45 
89 
47 
108 
70 
65 
81 

86 
158 
118 

61 
106 
205 
104 

55 

19 

15  to  19  years 

2 
11 
12 
21 
41 
22 
13 

8 

82 

20  to  24  years 

17 

26  to  28  years 

18 

30  to  34  years 

80 

85  to  44  years 

85 

46  to  54  years 

80 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

87 
81 

Nativp  white  females 

9,741 

5 

27 

200 

86 

631 

8.842 

Under  10  years 

2,162 

1,264 

1,127 

•     769 

S9J 

746 

1,210 

908 

618 

349 

4 
46 
90 
46 
88 
64 
UO 
81 
40 
18 

2.158 

10  to  14  years 

2 
2 

1 

1 
4 

1 

I 

6 
7 
4 

7 

46 
23 
16 
21. 
48 
21 
14 

4 

1,208 

15  to  19  years 

8 

7 
5 
8 
7 
2 
2 
1 

988 

20  to  24  years 

681 

25  to29  3'ear8 

^ 

30  to  34  years 

649 

85  to  44  years 

i.oS 

792 

46  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

668 

65  years  and  over 

^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OOOUPATIONS. 


459 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
CITY  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-Continued. 


• 

Totel. 

Agricul- 
ture, 

Bsheries, 
and 

mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Manu- 
factur- 
ing and 
mechan- 
ical in- 
dustries. 

Profes- 
sional 
seryice. 

1 

Personal 
seryice. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white 

1.283 

72 

426 

115 

40 

876 

254 

Under  10  Tears              ... 

39 
81 
61 
167 
174 
182 
266 
217 
130 
76 

39 

lU  to  14  years 

3 
89 
72 

87 
76 
24 

18 

1 
4 
40 
61 
45 
98 
72 
89 
16 

27 

15  to  19  years 

2 

6 
5 
6 
13 
28 
U 
7 

1 

11 
8Si 

11 

26 
20 
9 
6 

2 
3 
8 
2 

I 

5 
3 

14 

20  to  24  years 

26 

25  to  29  years 

13 

80  to  34  years 

15 

a6to44vears          

84 

45  to  54  years 

17 

56to64  years          

42 

27 

foreign  white  males 

1,0B4 

72 

425 

112 

34 

362 

89 

Under  10  years           .    - . 

23 
16 
46 
128 
168 
122 
237 
196 
100 
68 

23 

•10  to  14  years 

8 
88 
72 
66 

68 
87 
76 
24 
17 

13 

15  to  19  years 

2 
5 
6 
6 
18 
28 
11 
7 

1 

U 
82 
11 
25 
18 
9 
5 

1 
8 
4 
2 

8 
9 

4 
8 

1 
86 
60 
45 
98 
70 
88 
16 

8 

20  to  24  years 

2 

25  to  29  years 

2 

30  to  34  years  ...-. 

6 

85  to  44  years 

U 

45  to  54  vears 

65  to64  years 

65  years  and  oyer 

19 
11 

Foreign  white  females 

199 

1 

8 

6 

24 

165 

Under  10  years           .    .. 

16 
15 
15 
29 
16 
10 
29 
21 
30 
18 

16 

10  to  14  years 

1 
8 
6 

1 

14 

15  to  19  years 

1 

11 

20to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

24 

4 

11 

30to34  years     

10 

35  to  44  years 

1 
2 

5 
2 
6 

1 

28 

45to54years   

i" 

.......... 

17 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

23 

1 

16 

Total  colored 

7,314 

154 

100 

1,138 

26 

1,671 

4,225 

Under  10  years   -.—.. 

1.662 

?JJ 

615 
621 
629 
839 
709 
610 
448 

1 

5 
83 
208 
196 
156 
178 
289 
222 
176 
161 

1,546 

10  to  14  years 

2 
17 
14 

9 
12 
21 
22 
26 
31 

60 
190 
172 
180 
121 
153 
166 
107 

89 

1 
1 
8 
2 
4 
8 
4 
2 
1 

698 

15tol9year8 

8 
4 
5 
12 
28 
22 
10 
15 

828 

20  to  24  years 

229 

25  to  20  years 

219 

30to34years 

202 

35  to  44  years 

845 

45  to  54  years 

273 

65  to  64  years 

189 

66  years  and  oyer 

201 

Colored  males 

3,064 

.163 

84 

993 

24 

664 

1.146 

Under  10  years 

791 
419 
279 
265 
171 
186 
276 
272 
219 
197 

1 

64* 

161 
148 
104 
102 
132 
160 
108 
39 

" r 

1 

8 

3 
44 

81 
86 
52 
68 
92 
81 
78 
90 

787 

10  to  14  years 

2 
17 
13 

9 
12 
21 
22 
26 
81 

318 

15  to  19  years 

8 
4 

4 
9 
21 
14 
9 
14 

.11 

20  to  24  years 

2 

25  to  29  years. 

2 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

4 
8 
4 
2 
1 

i 

45  to  54  years 

1 

65  to  64  years 

1 

65  years  and  oyer 

22 

Colored  females  .  . 

4,260 

1 

16 

145 

2 

1,007 

3,079 

Under  10  years 

761 
425 
468 
360 
360 
343 
564 
437 
291 
261 

•     2 
89 
127 
108 
104 
120 
197 
141 
98 
71 

769 

10  to'U  years.. -ir."y.. Il- 

6 
29 
24 
26 
19 
21 
16 

4 

880 

ls  to  19  years.     . 

812 

20  to  24  years 

1 

227 

25  to  29  years    . 

1 
8 
2 

8 

1 
1 

2 

217 

SO  to  34  years 

201 

85  to  44  years ... 

844 

45  to  54  years 

S72 

65to64years 

188 

65  years  and  oyer ... 

179 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


460  REPOBT   ON  THE   OENSUS   OF   CUBA,  18W. 

Table  XXV.—0,rand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  «ca?,  and  roce— Continiied. 


CITY  OP  8ANTIAOO. 


Total. 


Under  to  years.... 

10  to  U  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

56  to  64  years 

65  years  and  oyer. 


Total  males. 


Under  10  years...  . 

10  to  14  years 

15tol0years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. . 


Total  females. 


Under  10  years ... , 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20to24years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over : 


Total  native  white . 


Under  10  years.... 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

80  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

66  to 64 years  ...  . 
65  years  and  over. 

Native  white  males.. 


Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years    

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years , 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over . . 

Native  white  females. 


Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

85  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years    

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over.-, 


lAsricnl- 
I    ture. 
Total,    fisheries, 
and 
minins^. 


48,090 


8.612 
6,028 
6.071 
8,815 
8,604 
8.707 
5,862 
8,500 
1,832 
969 


19.922 


4,266 
2.879 
2,210 
1,760 
1,727 
1,778 
2.748 
1.609 
683 
817 


23,168 


4.866 
8,149 
2,861 
2.066 
1.877 
1.929 
3.119 
2,021 
1.149 


15.258 


3.666 
2,281 
1,887 
1.324 
1,095 
1.145 
1,869 
1,128 
567 
806 


6.702 


1.868 
1,099 
808 
570 
443 
461 
788 
400 
184 


8,556 


1,788 

1,182 

1,079 

754 

662 

684 

1,066 

728 

383 

220 


1,419 


160 
151 
141 
166 
804 
228 
100 
76 


1,890 


1 

80 
166 
151 
140 
160 
298 
223 
106 
73 


29 


400 


Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 


Mann- 
factur* 
inflrand 

mechan- 
ical in- 

dnstries. 


8,063 


1 

86 
474 
449 
899 
896 
678 
866 
160 
66 


2,979 


1 

86 
478 
442 
886 
887 
667 
837 
162 
62 


84 


1,318 


1 

69 
278 
219 
186 
150 
271 
124 
46 
20 


*  1,304 


1. 
60 
278 
217 
185 
169 
268 

m 

46 
20 


6,881 


6 
449 

1,401 
921 
811 
862 

1,120 

546 

2tt 

64 


4,980 


6 
869 
966 
668 
619 
712 
942 
601 
188 
60 


1,401 


90 

466 

268 

192 

160 

178 

44 

14 

4 


86 
299 
196 
176 

in 

280 
92 
86 
11 


166 
119 
109 
122 
167 
82 
81 
11 


487 


134 
76 
67 
49 
68 
10 
6 


Profes- 
sional 
service. 


429 


43 
62 
61 
49 
106 
67 
36 
15 


317 


112 


818 


217 


96 


service. 


Withont 

gainfTil 

occapa- 

tioo. 


5.449 


87 
289 
618 
667 
721 
733 
1,144 
736 
876 
128 


3,299 


17 
163 
881 
451 
611 
458 
689 
401 
157 

61 


2,160 


20 
126 
287 
216 
210 
275 
445 
836 
219 

67 


946 


4 
49 
156 
168 
186 
126 
187 
94 
26 
12 


817 


8 
88 
137 
141 
121 
107 
156 
83 


129 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


O00UPATI0N8. 


461 


Table  XXV, —Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race—Continued. 
CITY  OP  SANTIAGO-Continued. 


TotaL 

Agricnl- 

tnre, 
flsheries, 

and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
trans- 
porta- 
tion. 

Mann- 
factur- 
ingand 

mechan- 
ical in- 

dnstriee. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white 

8,440 

282 

1,210 

276 

68 

018 

736 

TTnil  Ar  10  veam 

168 
88 
216 
408 
572 
404 
821 
461 
151 
71 

168 

10  to  14  years 

10 
100 
180 
201 
160 
286 
162 
61 
20 

7 

27 
00 
100 
156 
262 
138 
83 
6 

71 

15  to  10  years 

5 
10 
83 
48 
60 
41 
12 

5 

18 
25 
66 
40 
T6 
47 
12 
1 

3 
10 
15 
10 
18 
U 
8 
8 

50 

SOto^years   

70 

85to29y©ar8             -»,rr. 

77 

80  to  34  years 

62 

85  to  44  years         

106 

46  to  54  years 

62 

65  to  64  years 

80 

65  years  and  over  - -r  - . 

36 

Poreign  white  males  -  - 

2,706 

232 

1,106 

254 

63 

882 

100 

TTnder  10  vears          ...... 

84 
«B 
158 
825 
470 
428 
706 
406 
125 
50 

84 

10  to  14  rears    

10 
100 
177 
100 
167 
•     202 
161 
61 
10 

6 
24 
06 
180 
150 
253 
136 
81 
6 

27 

15  to  10  Tears          

33 
48 
60 
41 
12 
5 

8 
22 
68 
46 
60 
44 
ll 

1 

8 

0 
12 
10 
12 
11 
3 
3 

4 

20to24 years -.-. 

2 

25  to  20  years 

2 

80  to 84  years  , .-.- 

2 

85  to  44  years 

10 

45to54years   

15 

65  to  64  years 

7 

65  years  and  over 

16 

Foreign  white  females 

645 

15 

22 

5 

36 

567 

Under  10  years 

70 
45 
68 
78 
08 
71 
116 
58 
26 
21 

70 

10  to  14  years 

J 

6 
0 
2 
2 

44 

15  to  10  vears 

5 
8 
8 
8 

4 
8 
1 

55 

80  to  24  years 

8 
2 
2 
6 
1 

1 
8 

68 

25  to  20  years 

75 

80 to84 vears   ............ 

60 

85  to  44  years 

1 

06 

45  to  54  years 

47 

56  to  64  vears 

28 

66  years  and  over 

1 

20 

Total  colored  

24,802 

785 

540 

4,800 

48 

3,585 

14,625 

Under  10  vears 

4,708 
8,660 
2068 
2,068 
1,087 
2,068 
8.172 
2,001 
1114 
602 

6 
863 
1,080 
701 
5T0 
642 
817 
406 
154 
52 

33 
233 
436 
410 
806 
451 
605 
504 
818 
110 

4,754 

10  to  14  vears                 

60 
08 
76 
72 
86 
148 
180 
68 
58 

16 
87 
60 
62 
68 
100 
70 
63 
16 

2,807 

15  to  10  years 

5 

7 
7 
4 
11 
6 
7 
1 

1,258 

80  to  24  years 

844 

26  to  20  years   - 

822 

80  to  84  years 

817 

85  to  44  years 

1,307 

45  to  54  years 

867 

56  to  64  years 

514 

66  years  and  over 

355 

Colored  males 

10,425 

768 

480 

8,867 

37 

1,600 

3,683 

Under  10  vears ♦.... 

2,804 

1,787 

1,240 

865 

805 

804 

1,255 

761 

874 

181 

6 
306 
762 
517 
457 
544 
706 
375 
146 
48 

14 
110 
220 
214 
210 
201 
200 
182 
104 

46 

2,284 

10  to  14  years 

47 
01 
76 
71 
81 
188 
134 
65 
55 

16 
86 
48 
50 
61 
07 
65 
45 
18 

i-'^ 

15  to  10  years 

2 
2 

5 

4 
10 
6 

7 

1 

20  to  24  years 

8 

26to20years    .. 

8 

80  to  84  years 

3 

85  to  44  years ......... 

14 

45  to  54  years 

0 

65  to  64  years 

7 

65  years  and  over 

18 

Colored  females 

18,067 

27 

60 

042 

11 

1,065 

10,042 

Under  10  years - 

2,480 
1,022 
1,710 
1,228 
1,132 
1,174 
1,017 
1,240 
740 
411 

10 
114 
216 
106 
185 
250 
405 
822 

^"4 

2,470 

10  to  14  years 

3 
2 

67 

827 

184 

122 

88 

111 

81 

8 

.4 

1,748 

IStolOyears   

1 
2 
3 
7 
12 
24 
8 
8 

8 
5 
2 

1,170 

20  to  24  years 

836 

25to20years    

1 
5 
5 
6 
8 
3 

810 

80  to  84  years 

814 

85  to  44  years        

1 

1,383 

45  to54  years 

65to64  years     

858 
507 

66  years  and  over 

337 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


462 


REPOBT  OK  THB  OBUBUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XXVL — OoeupaUona^  by  tex,  race,  ami  nativUif, 
CUBA. 


Brickznakers 

Broom  and  brush  makers 

Builders  and  contractors 

Butchers 

Cabinetmakers 

Carpenters 

Charcoal  burners 

Clerks  and  copyists - 

Clerffjrmen 

Commercial  travelers 

Confectioners 

Coojiers 

Dairymen 

Dentists ^^. 

Draymen  and  hackmen 

Dressmakers 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors .. 

ESngineers  and  nremen  (station^ 
ary  engines) 

Engravers 

Fishermen 

Foremen  and  overseers 

(hardeners  and  florists 

Gold  and  silver  workers 

Qunsmiths 

Hamees  makers 

Hostlers -- 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers  — 

Housekeepers  and  stewards 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

Janitors  and  sextons 

Journalists 

Laborers 

Launderers  and  laundresses 

Lawyers 

Linemen  (telegraph,  etc.) 

Literary  and  scientific  persons . . . 

Livery-stable  keepers 

Lumbermen 

Machinists  ...^ ..'...... 

Masons 

Meclianics... 

Merchants - 

Messengers  and  office  boys 

Miners  and  quarrymen 

Molders 

Musicians 

Nurses 

Officials,  government 

Officials  of  manufacturing  com- 
panies  

Operatives  (cigar  factories) 

Packers  and  snippers 

Painters 

Photographers 

Physicians  and  surgreons 

Piano  makers 

Planters 

Plumbers 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

Porters 

Potters 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc 


100 

46 

20 

11 

46 

10 

481 

151 

Wl 

87 

14.204 

6,120 

1,607 

U 

444 

2.248 

1,788 

288 

80 

105 

86 

113 

8 

80 

040 

861 

126 

64 

864 

277 

6,368 

1,684 

4i0 

""m 

617 

601 

64 

24 

12 

2,263 

1.614 

71 

28 

80B 

7 

86 

664 

816 

60 

80 

1,807 

686 

807 

01 

60 

4 

21 

260 

16 

188 

1,627 

116 

441 

40 

28 

246 

140 

860,617 

32S 

^»2S 

1,288 

20,080 

267 

1,406 

1,281 

40 

80 

171 

4 

08 

24 

0 

80 

10 

068 

608 

6,667 

1,178 

4,072 

8,147 

46,861 

414 

18,268 

286 

134 

854 

40 

242 

175 

682 

46 

168 

288 

284 

60 

473 

880 

53 

21 

2?  680 

1,580 

U,802 

88 

22 

1.681 

780 

212 

7 

181 

1,228 

006 

16 

6 

8,265 

18 

2.137 

43 

18 

4,824 

3.100 

48 

31 

277 

171 

1.481 

18 

1,138 

811 

33 

* 

1 

8 

15 

12 

184 

146 

67 

63 

2.768 

6.88S 

480 

663 

6 

468 

62 

190 

4 

68 

I 

88 

45 

8 

77 

621 

68 

13 

48 

28 

2.887 

1.402 

6i 

2S1 

200 

42 

202 

286 

10 

2 

484 

814 

80 

0 

167 

2 

101 

6 

48 

100 

t 

22 

7 

181 

680 

188 

123 

25 

1 

23 

2 

108 

8 

14 

1 

880 

U 

607 

00 

12 

5 

79 

17 

48.672 

120 

114.206 

7.304 

666 

880 

415 

17.666 

172 

8 

18 

1 

60 

2 

0 

10 

5 

21 

40 

26ir 

193 

806 

-.  ..... 

4.486 

874 

661 

26,  »6 

180 

8,362 

91 

86 

66 

688 

122 

82 

86 

172 

16 

267 

8 

146 

187 

24 

70 

128 

17 

28 

0 

1.100 

845 

61 

8.0g 
807 

330 

6 

72 

217 

0 

612 

1 

9 
10 

10 

i 

606 

7 

15 

10 

021 

794 

13 

4 

30 

78 

17 

270 

73 

i 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


463 


Table  XXVI. — OocupationSf  by  sex,  reuse,  and  nativity—  Continued. 
CUBA— Continued. 


Alldasses. 

Native  white. 

ForeigT 

1  white. 

Colored. 

Occupation. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Rope  tnaker^i 

34 

4,820 

14,533 

73 

86" 

22,807 

3" 

in 

22 
1,712 
3,770 

8 

'3,'i7i 

64 

47 

20* 

"2;833' 

4,287 

3* 

6 
2,620 

9,  no 

54 

"4,197 

20 

47 

1,044 

390 

283 

20 

86 

120 

2 

12 

41 

881 

233 

347 

5 
41 

88 
30 

il 

■""2i6* 

1,150 

6 

488 

993 

11 

"ii;289 

Salesmen  and  saleswomen 

Saloon  keepers 

2 

Seamntresfieq  .  . , 

5,286 

Servants ,. , 

18,667 

84 

102 

6.280 

17,390 

Ship  and  boat  builders 

Shirt  makers        . . 

2 

6 

2 

""m 

8 

3,430 

73 

129 

50 

Shoomakers 

1,806           17 

135  , 

286   

10  '           1 

278 

21 

Soldiers 

m ::. 

678    

31             6 

489  , 

240    

14  ,       822 
27  , 

642  1 

3,481  ' 

343 

1,206      1,502 

460             5 
712    

24  1 

63   

255' 

191  1 

Steam- railroad  employees 

Stenographers  and  typewriters .. 
Stock  raisers  . ,.. , . 

Stonecutters.. 

70 

8 

13 

577 

650 
67 

828 

'"29i* 

"'i."2o6* 

Straw  workers 

Street-railway  employees 

4             li9 
2   

Suflnar  makers 

24 

1,960 

43 

31 

1 

Tailors  .  -. 

Tanners 

Teachers , 

71 

Telegraph   and    telephone    em- 
ployees  

327  1           5 
400   

13  1 

18  1 

140    

61 

Tinners -- 

238    

Upholsterers 

6  1  

Vet*^rinary  surgeons 

4    

Watch  an<l  clocfe  makers 

27 

Wood  choppers 

100  1 

Table  XXVII. — Occupation  by  age  and  sex, 

CUBA. 

Total  Males. 


Occupation. 


Total. 


Actors 

Agents  (real  estate,  etc.)  and  col- 
lectors  

Apprentices •. 

Architects  and  draftsmen 

Artists 

Bakers .- 

Bankers  and  brokers 

Barbers  and  hairdressers 

Blacksmiths. 

Boarding-house  keepers 

Boilermakers 

Bookbinders 

Bookkeepers 

Box  makers  (wood) 

Brickmakers 

Broom  and  brush  makers 

Builders  and  contractors 

Butchers 

Cabinetmakers. 

C^arpenters 

Cluuxxml  burners 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Clergymen 

Commercial  travelers 

Confectioners 

Coopers 

Dairymen 

Dentists 

Draymen  and  hackmen 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors. . 

Engineers  and  firemen  (station- 
ary engines)  * 

Engravers 


621 

2,543 

162 

241 

5,426 

219 

3,349 

2,328 

20 

479 

53 

335 

158 

109 

20 

46 

481 

207 

14,204 

1,507 

2,248 

288 

105 

113 

949 

125 

354 

5.303 

617 

501 
24 


Under 

15 
years. 


3 

3 

1,294 

1 

1 

243 


211 
75 


1 

10 

1 

4 

1 

7 

4 

429 

90 

22 


62 


15  to  19  20  to  24 

25  to  34 

years. 

years. 

4 

years. 

5 

20 

20 

37 

150 

1.185 

66 

5 

2 

9 

43 

15 

39 

88 

1,106 

1,102 

1,694 

4 

5 

36 

654 

622 

932 

318 

860 

720 

2 

2 

4 

39 

66 

144 

7 

6 

21 

29 

47 

111 

20 

26 

62 

9 

20 

82 

2 

5 

8 

1 

8 

41 

76 

160 

12 

40 

71 

1.462 

1,830 

3,914 

146 

181 

881 

276 

346 

651 

10 
10 

86 
30 

1 

3 

10 

40 

36 

68 

239 

17 

15 

41 

11 

46 

107 

347 

869 

1,893 

21 

86 

208 

29 

73 

210 

1 

3, 

6 

35  to  44 
years. 


21 

176 
2 
36 
49 

864 
68 

535 

486 
8 

124 
10 
77 
26 
19 
2 
15 

107 

45 

3,020 

290 

490 


28 
280 

24 

109 

1,314 

144 


45  to  64 1  years 
years,  i    and 

I    rtVftr 


31  I 

214  I 

1  I 

58  I 

46  ' 

486  I 
98  I 

366 


22 


13 
8 
81 
18 
80 


115 

5l 


332 

88 

9 

98 

6 

8 

1 

68 

2 

14 

27 

1 

2 

2 

20 

72 

0 

29 

6 

3,103 

487 

445 

64 

425 

89 

99 

20 

30 

1 

28 

i 

274 

46 

12 

8 

73 

8 

821 

67 

148 

•*') 

66 

5 

8 



Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


464 


BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XXVil.— Occupation  by  age  and  mo;— Gontinned. 

CUBA— Continued. 

Total  Maljcs— Continued. 


Occupation. 


Fishermen 2,260 

Foremen  and  overseers 71 

Gardeners  and  florists 803 

Gk>ld  and  silver  workers 664 

Gunsmiths 68 

Harness  makers 1,397 

Hostlers 397 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers '69 

Honsekeepei-a  and  stewards 260 

Hncksters  and  peddlers   1,627 

Janitors  and  sextons 40 

Journalists 245 

Laborers 35t',617 

Launderers 1,238 

Lawyers 1,408 

Linemen,  telegraph,  etc 49 

Literary  and  scien ti  fio  persons ...  171 

Livery  stable  keepers 24 

Lumbermen 80 

Machinists 968 

Masons 6,557 

Mechanics 4,672 

Merchants 46,851 

Messengers  and  office  boys 236 

Miners  and  quarry  men 854 

Molders 242 

Musicians 682 

Nurses 239 

Officials,  government 473 

Officials  of  manufacturing  com- 
panies — 63 

Opera  ti  ves,  ctgar  factories 22, 589 

Packertfand  snippers 83 

Painters 1,531 

Photographers 212 

Phsrsicians  and  surgeons 1,223 

Piano  makers 16 

Planters 3,285 

Plumbers 43 

Policemen  and  watchmen 4, 824 

Porters 48 

Potters 277 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc 1,44)1 

Eope  makers  34 

Sailors  and  boatmen 4,820 

Salesmen 14,533 

Saloonkeepers 73 

Servants 18,667 

Ship  and  boat  builders 84 

Shirt  makers 102 

Shoemakers 6,280 

Soldiers 508 

Steam  railroad  employees 678 

Stenographers  and  typewriters  . .  31 

Stock  raisers 489 

Stonecutters 240 

Straw  workers 14 

Street  railway  employees 27 

Sugarmakers 642 

Tailors 3.481 

Tanners 343 

Teachers 1,206 

Telegraph    and    telephone    em- 
ployees   460 

Tinners 712 

Upholsterers 24 

Veterinary  surgeons 63 

Watch  ana  clocK  makers 256 

Woodchoppers 191 


Total. 


Under 

15 
years. 

234 


19 
8 
2 

90 

2 

1 

40.940 

21 
1 
1 
1 


4 
166 
67 
1,076 
61 
6 
11 


6 

808 
1 

27 
2 


187 
1 
1 

"12 

92 

4 

154 

992 


2.713 


3 
374 


16tol9'20to 
years,    years. 


2426 


341 
1 

10 

86 

6 

192 

57 

3 

16 

180 

8 

3 

61,275 

107 

1 

5 

14 


10 

48 

644 

581 

4,740 

46 

66 

38 

48 

21 

7 


3.409 

10 

171 

29 

1 

2 

212 

8 

151 

1 

24 

330 

6 

442 

3,737 

9 

2.442 

15 

11 


2 

18 

3 

35 

5 

138 

48 

2 

14 

3 

1 

2 

86 

129 

519 

3 

33 

3 

89 

57 

28 

123 

5 

I 

35 


306 

5 

28 

76 

9 

318 

74 

2 

24 

179 

8 

88 

45.979 

270 

79 

8 

24 

8 

20 

94 

720 

770 

6,764 

24 

190 

60 

61 

80 

22 

5 

9 

240 

41 

67 

8 

200 

7 

1,383 

1 

80 

276 

12 

682 

4,085 

21 

2,160 

6 

22 

826 

124 

09 

9 

27  ' 
1 
3 
64 
519 
63 


107 
79 
1 
4 

15  I 


to  3435  to 
years,   years. 


T9 
106 

17 
302 
121 

20 

85 
339 

11 

75 

78,714 

476 

419 

15 

60 
4 

19 

272 

1,680 

1,431 

13,063 

57 
380 

71 
156 

74 
140 

11 

6,796 

24 

607 

66 

878 

8 

690 

16 

2,007 

17 

62 

461 

6 

1,398 

3,636 

26 

3,847 

7 

43 

1.666 

213 

241 

14 

09 

74 

1 

10 
219 
974 
139 
291 

114 
177 
6 
12 
69 
40 


4445 


416 

21 

66 

100 

18 

249 

62 

13 

60 

261 

6 

77 

60,073 

243 

448 

11 

40 

9 

18 

202 

1.439 

1.003 

10,801 

26 

158 

82 

140 

48 

152 

14 

4,140 

16 

839 

43 

408 

2 

810 

7 

808 

13 

67 

196 

3 

1,238 

1.263 

9 

2,702 

8 

17 

1,392 

131 

176 

8 

100 

61 


9 

179 

720 

72 

257 

113 
138 
7 
16 
70 
33 


66 
to  64  years 
years,  i    and 
over. 


381 
18 
97 

144 
12 

182 
66 
16 

n 

408 

10 

46 

62,060 

115 


9 

12 

231 

1,780 

768 

9.382 

16 

66 

39 

141 

60 

139 

8 

8,000 

22 

226 

25 

821 

4 

1.019 

4 

873 

16 

69 

122 

3 

809 

787 

7 

4.017 

40 

61 

1.080  , 

101 

114 


66 
54 
8 
8 
186 
623 

as 

439 

67 

149 

5 

26 

.    77 
37 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS, 


465 


Table  JULW IL^Occupation  by  age  and  sea;— Continued. 
CUBA— Continued. 
Total.  FcMALsa 


Occupation. 


ActrooDOO 

ArtiBto 

Baken 

Boarding-house  keepers 

Bookkeepers 

Cbarcoaj  burners 

Confectioners 

Dressmakers 

Gardeners  and  florists 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers — 

Housekeepers 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

Laborers 

Laundresses .. 

Literary  and  scientific  persons . . 

Merchants 

Musicians 

Nurses 

Operatives,  dgar  factories 

Pnotographers 

Planters 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

Serrants 

Shirt  makers 

Shoemakers 

Stenographers  and  typewriters . 

Straw  workers 

Teachers 

Telegraph   and    telephone   em- 
ployees  w 


TotaL 


18 

63 

18 

2 

4 

U 

8 

419 

7 

4 

15 

115 

8.860 

20,960 

4 

414 

284 

1,580 

7 

18 

18 

86 

8,329 

22,807 

8 

40 

6 

322 

1,602 


Under 

15 
years. 


15  to  19 
years. 


696 
291 


8 

1 

1 

129 


1 


4 

4U 

3,651 


78 

i" 

2 

831 
2,816 


31 

8 

9 

494 

2 

2 

7 

10 

2,061 

3,429 

1 

12 

8 

84 

169 

1 


20  to  24;25  to  34|35  to  44  45  to  64 
years,   years, 


1 

109 

1 

1 

1 

5 

702 

2,788 


54 

12 

86 

863 

3 

1 

5 

10 

1,578 

2,294 


7 
2 
44 

804 


1 
125 


3 

16 

1,615 

5,8n 


114 

15 

106 

311 

2 

3 

4 

5 

2,169 

4,122 

1 

7 

1 

66 
450 


years. 


60 

1 

1 

3 

14 

1,761 

4,814 

3 

94 

6 

70 

162 


2 


5 
1,274 
3,616 

7 


42 
295 


1 


years. 


95 
3 
44 

111 


2 

2 

768 

4,872 


49 
360 


65 
years 
and 
over. 


1 

2 

1 

4 

1 

1 

34 

1 

3 

2 

1 

7 

1 

66 

22 

2.668 

097 

4,315 

585 

1 

18 

1 

18 

10 


73 
1,028 


9 

28 


Table  XKYIU.— Occupations  by  sex  and  citizenship, 

CUBA 

Total  Malsb. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

In  sus- 
pense. 

Foreign 
and  un- 
known. 

Actors - --.... 

86 

621 

2,543 

162 

241 

5,426 

219 

8.849 

2,828 

20 

479 

63 

836 

168 

109 

20 

46 

481 

207 

14,204 

1,697 

283 
106 
118 
949 
125 
854 

23 
316 

128 

4,041 

115 

2,688 

1,612 

7 

296 

82 

188 

102 

66 

11 

23 

268 

lt2 

1,678 
76 
38 
78 

880 
68 
260 

2 
28 
85 

1 

10 
185 

8 
79 
61 

4 
16 

1 
18 

8 

16 

192 

368 

49 

79 

1,076 

76 

447 

5U 

4 

106 

15 

78 

48 

27 

2 

6 

167 

52 

2,2n 

871 

849 

158 

•84 
69 
46 
24 

45 

Affentfl  (real  estate,  etc- )  And  c-oHef^torci 

86 

^imrMitioQB                   .                    .-   ••••.« 

57 

Aiv^hftActii  and  draftsmen r 

23 

Artists 

24 

Bakers - 

174 

Bankers  and  brokers 

20 

135 

BisPrksraitbs                        ,.. ,--,-  -,^--,..,. 

144 

Boarding-house  keepers 

5 

Boilermakers......  7.....-..-...- 

62 

Bookbinders - 

6 

Bookkeei>ers. 

63 

Box  makers  (wood) 

BHckmakers 

i§ 

7 

Builders  and  contractor*  .                     .       r .  r  - , 

1 

19 
4 
256 
10 
88 
16 
6 
8 
5 
3 
8 

16 

Butchers  ....... 

82 

Cabinetmakers 

9 

785 

Charcoal  burners ,-.,,--, 

894 

Clerks  and  coDTista 

196 

Clergymen  .                                    ............^.r. 

89 

^•"mm^Tcial  travelers 

81 

Confectioners .•..—. 

3 

Coopers 

45 

Dairymen 

18 

Dentists 

62 

24662 30 


Digitized  by  LaOOQlC 


466  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table. XX Vin. — Occupations  by  sex  and  citizenship— Con^nnidd, 


CUBA— Continaed. 
Total  MAiiBs— Continued. 


Occupation. 


Total. 


Cuban. 


Spanish. 


In  BUS- 


Foreign 
and  un- 
known. 


Dravmenand  haokmen 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors 

Engineers  and  firemen  (stationary  engines) . 

Bnsravers 

Fisnermen 

Foremen  and  overseers 

Gbtrdeners  and  floriHts 

Gold  and  silver  workers 

Qunsmiths 

Harness  makers 

Hostlers 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keejiers 

Housekeepers  and  stewards 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

Janitors  and  sextons 

Journalists 

Laborers 

Launderers - 

Lawyers 

Linemen  (telegraph,  etc ) 

Literary  and  scientific  jiersons 

Livery-sti^ble  keepers 

Lumbermen 

Machinists 

Ifasons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Messengers  and  oflloe  boys 

Miners  andquarrymen 

Molders ^ 

Musicians 

purses 

Officials,  government 

Officials  of  manufacturing  companies 

Operatives,  dsar  factories 

Pik;kers  and  snippers 

Painters 

Photographers -• 

Physicians  and  surgeons 

Piano  makers 

Planters 

Plumbers 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

Porters 

Potters 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc 

Rope  makers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Saloon  keepers 

Servants 

Ship  and  boat  builders 

Shirt  makers , 

Shoemakers 

Soldiers 

Steam-railroad  employees 

Stenographers  and  tyi>e writers , 

Stock  raisers 

Stonecutters 

Straw  workers 

Street-railway  employees 

Sugar  makers 

Tailors 

Tanners : — 

Teachers. ..••..•... ...... ......  ................. 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees. . . .' 

Tinners 

Upholsterers .' 

Veterinary  surseons 

Watch  and  clock  makers 

Wood  chopi>ers 


5.a68 

617 

501 

24 

2,862 

71 

aoB 

664 

60 

i,ao7 

807 

00 

260 

1.527 

40 

245 

aS0,517 

1,23B 

1,406 

40 

171 

24 

80 

068 

6,567 

4,672 

46,861 


242 


478 
63 


1,581 

212 

1,223 

15 

3,266 

43 

4,824 

48 

277 

1,481 

84 

4.880 

14,538 

78 

18,667 

84 

102 

6,280 

506 

678 

81 

480 

240 

14 

27 

642 

8,481 

848 

1,206 

400 

712 

24 

68 

266 

101 


2.702 

200 

266 

11 

1.728 

26 

60 

470 

88 

1,221 

106 

24 

141 

801 

25 

167 

286,428 

466 

1.206 

86 


16 

570 

2,476 

106 

826 

812 

580 

15 

20 

146 

146 


6 
15 

1 
28 

1 
16 

7 

2 
10 
18 

8 
18 
26 

2 

11 

2,780 

77 

0 


12 

1 

60 

643 

18 

5.415 

106 

8,427 

68 

7.665 

8,686 

174 

8 

154 

06 

104 

2 

888 

20 

84 

18 

836 

4 

80 

1 

18,683 
67 

232 

1,007 

127 

087 

6 

33 

1 
14 

2,601 

27 

87 

8,866 
83 
237 

44 
2 

1,U3 
27 

87 

2,000 
11.808 

118 

1.865 

2 

478 

51 

5.066 

176 

400 

8 

886 

110 

11 

7 
114 
16 
14 

8' 

8 

2 
2 
141 
23 
16 
0 
8 
1 
2 
2 
4 


1,000 
64 

170 
6 

420 
20 

144 
88 
24 

U4 

164 
22 
86 

817 

13 

68 

88,066 

474 

100 

17 

15 

0 

20 

166 

720 

784 

20,868 

43 

672 
22 

128 

103 
73 
21 
2,8&4 
14 

250 
40 

106 
2 

813 
7 


26 

281 

7 

2.221 

8.813 

42 

8.507 

28 

40 


28S 

8 

60 

00 

2 

0 

20 

720 

128 

283 

66 

71 

5 

26 

66 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 

Table  XXVIU. — Occupations  by  sex  aiui  citizenship — Contmned. 

CUBA— Continued. 

Total  Fkmai.b& 


467 


Oooupation. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

6 
4 

In  sus- 
pense. 

Foreign 
and  un- 
known. 

Actreeses 

18 

58 

18 

2 

4 

11 

8 

419 

7 

4 

15 

115 

8.860 

20,980 

414 

46 

284 

1,580 

7 

18 

18 

86 

8,329 

22,807 

8 

40 

6 

822 

1,602 

5 

3 
16 
16 

2 
21 
2 

7 

Artists 

12 

Bakers 

Boarding-housekeepers : 

2 

Bookkeepers 

4 
11 

a 

330 
4 

3 

11 

85 

8,060 

19,993 

1 

187 

29 

139 

1,401 

6 

17 

14 

15 

7,864 

21,084 

2 

37 

1 

308 

1,136 

5 

Char<v>ar  bn  mers 

Confectioners 

Dressmakers 

3 

51 

86 

Gardeners  and  florists 

3 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers - 

1 
2 

Housekeepers T 

2 

Hucksters  and  i>edd1er8 

80 

Laborers 

10 

121 
377 

669 

Laundresses ....... 

586 

Literary  and  scientiflc  persons 

8 

Merchants .*. 

14 
3 
5 

7 

71 
167 

142 

Musicians ,   , 

8 

Nurses 

56 

Operatiyes,  cisar  factories 

15 

Pbotograpiiera 

1 

Planters , 

I 

1 

33 
U6 

i 

3 
16 

m 

966 
1 
2 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc 

Saleswomen 

4 

Seamstreases 

161 

Rerrants 

641 

Shirt  makers .    . 

Shoemakers 

1 

Stenosranhers  and  typewriters             

5 

Straw  workers 

iJ 

4 

202 

14 

Teachers 

145 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees 

Table  XXTX. — Occupations  by  sex,  literacyj  and  superior  education, 

CUBA. 
Total.  Malks. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 
but  can 

not 
write. 

Can  read 

and 

write. 

65 

669 
1,618 

161 

233 
3,294 

219 

2,942 

1,772 

12 

895 
58 

884 

124 

1- 

85 
845 
187 
10,860 
403 
2,248 
283 
106 

86 
668 

51 

With 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Without 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Actors.. -- 

86 

621 

2,543 

162 

241 

5.426 

219 

8.849 

2,828 

20 

479 

53 

835 

158 

109 

20 

46 

481 

207 

14.204 

1,697 

2,248 

288 

105 

113 

949 

125 

21 

57 
725 

1 

7 

1,947 

air 

488 
8 
75 

9 

98 
5 
74 
49 
13 
40 
27 
18 
1 
7 

77 

Agents  (real  estate,  etc)  and  collect- 
ors  

5 
200 

528 

Apprentices  -- 

2,688 

Architects  and  draftsmen 

'  88 

Artists 

1 
185 

192 

Bakers 

5,418 

Fsrkftrs  and  brokers  

179 

Barbers  and  hairdressers 

66 
78 

8,822 

BlackimrfthA  , -  r , 

2,810 

Boardinff-house  keeners....' 

19 

Boiler  makers 

9 

472 

Bookbinders .... .................. 

58 

i 

28 

67 

9 

10 

129 

18 

2,991 

1.180 

.. 

2 
2 

1 
7 
2 
368 
14 

160 
2 

175 

Box  makers  (wood)  r       

156 

Brickmakers. . 

109 

Broom  and  brush  makers 

20 

Builders  and  contractors 

3 
2 
4 

78 

48 

Butchers .    . 

479 

Cabinetmakers   ».»tt 

208 

Carpenters 

14,126 

Charcoal  burners  ....  .............. 

1,607 

Clerks  and  copyists 

426 

248 

10 

1,822 

Clergymen r^. 

85 

Commercial  travelers ...» 

05 

Confectioners 

25 

862 

71 

2 

84 

8 

118 

Coopers 

! 

945 

Dairymen 

124 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


468 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXIX. — Occupations  by  »ex,  literacy^  and  superior  education — Contintied. 

CUBA  —Continued. 
Total  Malbs— Continued. 


Occupation. 


Dentists 

Draymen  and  hackmen 

Enf^eerH  (civil)  and  surveyors 

Engineers   and  firemen  (stationary 

engines) 

Engravers 

Fishermen 

Foremen  and  overseers 

Gardeners  and  fiorists 

Qold  and  silver  workers 

Gunsmiths 

Harness  makers 

Hostlers , 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers 

Housekeepers  and  stewards 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

Janitors  and  sextons 

Journalists 

Laborers 

Launderers 

Lawyers 

Linemen  (telegraph,  etc) 

Literary  and  scientific  persons 

Livery-stable  keepers 

Lumbermen 

Machinists. 

Masons. 

Mechanics 

Merchants , 

Messengers  and  office  boys 

Miners  and  quarrymen 

Molders 

Musicians , 

Nurses 

Officials,  government 

Officials  of  manufacturing  companies 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Packers  and  shippers 

Painters 

Photographers 

Physicians  and  surgeons 

Piano  makers 

Planters 

Plumbers 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

Porters 

Potters 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc 

Rope  makers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Saloonkeepers , 

Servants 

Ship  and  boat  builders 

Shirt  makers 

Shoemakers , 

Soldiers 

Steam-railroad  employees 

Stenographers  ana  typewriters 

Stock  raisers 

Stonecutters 

Straw  workers  ..-• 

Street-  railway  employees 

Sugar  makers 

Tailors 

Tanners 

Teachers 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees .. 

Tinners 

Upholsterers 

Veterinary  surareons 

Watch  ana  clock  makers 

Wood  choijpers 


TotaL 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

but  can 

not. 

write. 

Can  read 

and 

write. 

With 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Without 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

354 

1 

108 

1 

22 

353 

3,071 

581 

242 

23 

661 

64 

142 

510 

53 

1,185 

166 

52 

252 

758 

37 

242 

80,640 

893 

1,406 

45 

171 

18 

28 

810 

3,665 

4.210 

42,450 

138 

425 

216 

548 

212 

473 

42 

17,156 

36 

1,287 

211 

1,223 

15 

1,507 

37 

3,751 

44 

11? 

1,470 

22 

2,450 

13.028 

63 

7,804 

61 

06 

4.085 

548 

427 

31 

148 

171 

5 

24 

610 

3,190 

230 

1,206 

460 

566 

21 

282 

28 
427 

1 
2 
3 

11 
1 
0 
1 

13 

62 

5,383 
517 

501 
24 

2,004 
35 

237 

1 

1,566 

7 

154 

26 

6 

176 

220 

16 

7 

732 

3 

3 

5,335 
190 

son 

28 

«.^ 

35 

'm 

309 
554 

50 

7 
0 

3oe 

546 

56 

1,307 
397 

36 

11 

1 

1 

37 

1,884 
307 

flO 

200 

1,627 

40 

2 

37 

0 

3 

114 

2,138 

6 

1,273 

4 
70 

67 
223 

1,518 
37 

245 

350,517 
1,238 
1.406 

'    '4,'833' 
10 

131 

348,370 

1,232 

133 

40 

4 

45 

171 

. 

08 

24 

6 

52 

140 

2,610 

415 

4,062 

00 

425 

10 

28 

26 

24 

80 

80 

.   058 

6.557 

4,672 

46,851 

238 

854 

242 

582 

280 

473 

8 

282 

.      47 

830 

4 
4 
7 
6 
1 

102 

27 

212 

3,112 

4 

6 

41 

16 

164 

2 

03 

2 

36 

87 

1.160 

2 

206 

2 

230 

8 

856 
6,530 
4,460 

860 
236 

5a 

283 
309 

51 

22,400 

81 

1,495 

175 

58 

22,580 
83 

0 

4.675 

47 

211 

2 
758 

1,531 
212 

33 
1 

1,223 
15 

68 

13 
3.0g 

4.504 
40 

m 

1,400 
34 

4.740 

14,204 

78 

3.255 

4,824 

48 

1,623 

5 

1,010 

1^ 

4 

11 

2,254 

1)354 

0 

0,044 

21 

4 

1,884 

48 

240 

35 

1 
54 

277 

8 

7 

1 
116 
151 

1 
900 

2 

3 
311. 

2 
11 

1,481 
34 

81 

4,820 

14,533 

78 

80 
230 

18.657 
84 

42 

18.M6 

102 

6,280 

508 

678 

31 

3 
11 
278 
37 
0 
3 
1 

90 

890 
641 

28 

480 
240 

331 

65 

8 

3 

24 

214 

112 

10 

4 
1 

486 

14 

.:: 

14 

27 

It 

41 

26 

642 

3,481 

343 

8 
68 

1 

601 

1,206 

762 
144 
10 
2 
34 
14 
1 

444 

460 

816 
7D8 
28 
29 
241 
190 

712 
24 
63 

120 
2 

17 

1 

255 
101 

6 
143 

1 
5 

248 
43 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


469 


Table  XXIX. — Occupations  by  sex^  literacy,  and  superior  education — Continued. 

CUBA— Continued. 
Total  Fbmalb£(. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 
but  can 

not 
write. 

Can  read 

and 

write. 

With 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Without 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Actresses 

18 

53 

18 

2 

4 

11 

3 

419 

7 

4 

15 

115 

8.860 

20,980 

4 

414 

46 

284 

1.580 

7 

18 

18 

36 

8,329 

22,807 

6 

322 

1,502 

5 

1 
2 

7 

"i" 

2 

17 
51 
9 
2 
4 

18 

Artists 

4 

49 

Bakers 

18 

2 

Bookkeepers 

2 

2 

Cbarcoalbumers 

U 
2 

40 
5 
2 
2 

92 

8,220 
15,868 

11 

Confectioners 

1 

360 

2 

2 

12 

20 

560 

3.990 

4 

197 

46 

213 

837 

J 

31 

5,826 

5,879 

3 

25 

6 

53 

1,502 

5 

8 

Drewmakers. 

10 

2 

417 

Qardenersand  florists 

7 

Hot^  and  restaurant  keei)em 

4 

Housekeepers T. 

1 

3 

71 

1,123 

15 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

1 
24 
4 

i»" 

5 

63 

3 

114 

Laborers .1 

8,836 
20,976 

Literary  and  scientific  persons 

4 

Merchants ......,'.. 

200 

17 

3% 

Mqfiiqians 

41 

liurses 

65 
589 

6 
1.54 

221 

Operatiyes,  cigar  factories 

1,677 

PnotcMrraphers 

7 

Planters 

16 



18 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc 

.  .  . 

4 
1 

45 
U 

14 

Saleswomen 

2 

2,021 
14,961 

3 

482 

1,947 

36 

Beamstreflses 

8,284 

Servants 

22,796 

Shirt  makers ..   , 

3 

Sfioemakers. 

is 

2 

40 

8ten<^rraphers  and  typewriters. . .- 

3 

8 

Straw  workers 

246 

23 

822 

Teachers 

859 

1 

648 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees. . . 

..... ..... 

4 

Table  XXX. — Occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition, 

CUBA. 
Total  Males. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

Actors 

Atfents   (real  estate,   etc.)  and  col- 

86 

621 

2,543 

162 

241 

5,426 

219 

3,349 

2,328 

20 

479 

53 

336 

158 

109 

20 

46 

481 

207 

14,204 

1,597 

2,248 

2H3 

105 

51 

223 

2,536 

37 

127 

3.798 

56 

2,088 

1,348 

8 

240 

32 

160 

92 

74 

16 

26 

249 

114 

7,284 

1,164 

1,162 

247 

44 

27 

307 

1 

1(M 

83 
914 
119 
784 
570 
7 
158 

17 
140 

85 

19 
2 

12 
117 

54 

4,119 

176 

865 

28 

51 

3 

51 

2 

11 

18 

506 

17 

387 

332 

4 

50 

4 

10 

26 

12 

2 

3 

102 

30 

2,087 

212 

116 

10 

6 

5 

40 

4 

10 

13 

116 

27 

90 

69 

1 

31 



Apprentioes 

Architects 

Artists 

Bakers   

8 

Baukerft  and  brokers          ........    . . 

Barbers  and  hairdressers 

Blacksmiths.  .... 

Boarding-housekeepers 

Boiler  makers . 



Bookbinders. 

Bookkeepers 

Box  makers  (wood)      .  -..  .            .... 

16 
6 

4 

Brickmakers .  .    ,            ... 

Broom  and  brush  makers 

Builders  and  contractors. 

5 

13 

9 

781 

44 

105 

8 

4 

Butchers. . 

Carpenters - 

8 

1 

Clerks  and  copsrists 

Clerirvmen                              ...  ..... 

Commercial  travelers 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


470         REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  18»9. 

Table  XXX,— 'Occupations  by  tex  and  conjugal  condition — Contiiinad. 


CCJfiA— Oontiniied. 
Total  Malss— Ckmtinaed. 


Oocnpatlon. 


TotaL      Single. 


I 


BfuTied. 


Living 
together 

M  hus- 
band ftiid 

wifebT 

mntnai 
oooaent. 


Wld- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Confectionera -* 

Coopers  

Dairymen 

Dentists 

Draymen  and  hackmen 

Engineers  (ciyil)  andsurreyors 

Engineers  and  firemen  (stauonary). . . 

Engravers .... 

FUinermen 

Foremen  and  overseers 

Qu*deners  and  florists 

Oold  and  silver  workers 

Qnnsmlths 

Harness  msJcers 

Hostlers 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers 

Housekeepers  and  stewards 

Hockstersand  peddlers 

Janitors  and  sextons 

Journalists 

Laborers 

Launderers 

Lawyers 

Linemen  (telegraph,  etc.) 

Literary  and  scientific  persons 

Livery -stable  keepers : 

Lumbermen 

Machinists 

Masons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Messengers  and  ofllce  boys 

Miners  and  quarrymen 

Molders 

M^a^/»iana _... .»-...--. 

Nurses 

Officials,  government 

Officials  of  manufacturing  companies. 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Packers  and  snippers 

Painters 

Photographers 

Physicians  and  surgeons 

Piano  makers 

Planters 

Plumbers 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

Porters 

Potters 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc 

Bope  makers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

.  Salesmen 

Saloonkeepers 

Servants , 

Ship  and  boat  builders 

Shirt  makers 

Shoemakers 

Soldiers 

Steam-railroad  employees 

Stenographers  and  typewriters 

Stock  raisers 

Stonecutters , 

Straw  workers 

Street-railway  employees 

Sugar  makers 

Tuiors 

Tanners 

Teachers 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees  . . 
Tinners 


118 

MO 

126 

854 

5,863 

617 

601 

24 

2,282 

71 

808 

654 

60 

1.807 

807 

00 

200 

1,627 

40 

245 

860,617 

1,238 

1.406 

40 

171 

24 

80 

058 

6,667 

4.672 

46.851 

236 

854 

242 

682 

£88 

478 

68 

22.680 

83 

1,631 

212 

1.223 

16 

3,265 

43 

4.824 

48 

2n 

1,481 

84 

4,820 

14,633 

73 

18,667 

84 

102 

6,280 

606 

678 

81 

488 

240 

14 

27 

642 

3,481 

843 

1,206 

460 

712 


60 

800 

72 

157 

2,015 

283 

270 

0 

1.872 

87 

206 


826 

41 

140 

000 

26 

100 

221.180 

866 

306 

26 

01 

12 

62 

887 

8,334 

2,526 

27,078 

188 

753 

157 

274 

168 

137 

87 

18,414 

51 

828 

180 

821 

6 

1,285 

24 

B,m 

140 

1,008 

26 

2.638 

14.845 

63 

14.886 

30 

65 

3.020 

841 

860 

25 

324 

117 

11 

14 

254 

1.001 

241 

468 

248 

87S 


42 

273 

42 

164 

1.312 

268 

108 

U 

624 

26 

62 

181 

18 

857 

41 

22 

84 

276 

10 

120 

70,270 

105 

805 

-  15 

62 

0 

11 

302 

1,484 

1,484 

14,010 

88 

75 

57 

180 

65 

272 

11 

5,157 

16 

875 

65 

814 

6 

1,477 

U 

1,104 

28 

76 

*'     866 

4 

1,685 

826 

8 

1.668 

86 

28 

1.486 

233 

228 

5 

04 

84 


16 

288 

5 

0 

061 

38 

114 

1 

200 

4 

84 

44 

8 

168 

23 

6 

10 

220 

2 

12 

44.718 

162 

80 

5 

7 

2 

5 

135 

1,638 

466 

8.061 

14 

10 

17 

73 

8 

20 

2 

3.126 

16 

260 

0 

85 

8 

338 

8 

201 

4 

48 

72 

1 

480 

208 

2 

1.804 

5 

7 

046 

0 

58 


044 
73 
570 
181 
201 


53 
81 
1 
3 
47 
300 
23 
44 
11 
00 


5 

48 

e 

24 

168 

28 
5 

2 

.......... 

8 

2 

8 

12 

84 

2 

63 

7 

1 

15 
41 

2 

3 

13 

14.248 
26 

147 

86 
3 



11 

1 

1 

44 
267 

i 


206 

1.788 

6 

2 
5 

16 

11 

86 

7 

85 

8 

888 

6 

67 

8 

1 

63 

208 

2 

2 

6 

14 

45 
3 

1 

164 
147 

8 
12 

880 
14 

11 

2 

270 

16 

28 

1 

18 

8 

8 

1 

48 

145 

0 

2 

126 

10 

40 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


471 


Table  XXX. — Oocupcttions  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition— Contintied. 

CUBA— Oontiniied. 
ToTAii  Maij»— Oontinaed. 


Oocnpatlon. 


Total 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
Mhos- 
band  and 
wifebr 
mntnal 
ooneent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


Upholsterers 

Veterina^  sorgeons 

"Watch  ana  dook  makers. 
"Wood  choppers 


68 
866 
191 


14 

15 

110 

142 


0 
80 
101 
20 


27 


TOTAIi  FSXAIilS. 


Actreosee -.. ...,., 

18 

68 

18 

2 

4 

11 

8 

419 

7 

.4 

15 

116 

8,800 

20,960 

4 

414 

46 

284 

1,580 

7 

18 

18 

86 

8,820 

22,807 

3 

40 

6 

322 

1,502 

5 

9 

29 

18 

1 

4 

10 

2 

305 

4 

1 

6 

68 

5,851 

13,569 

9 
16 
2 

1 

Artist*    .           r      r . 

3 

2 

5 
1 

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Soarding-honse  keepers.  .-.^. ............ 

Bookkeepers - 

1 

1 

84 
2 
1 

1- 

16 

2,851 

4,418 

dressmakers 

48 

37 

1 

i 

18 
302 

72 

3 

60 

212 

1 

8 

8 

8 

862 

1,916 

1 

6 

Qardenern  and  florists 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers...... .... 

Housekeepers 1 

2 

18 

866 

1,170 

1 

129 

6 

43 

141 

1 

1 

1 

1 

660 

645 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

Laborers .     ......^. ^..            .... 

. ..t 

4 

Literary  and  scientific  persons 

Merchants . .              

187 

85 

185 

1,150 

5 

6 

14 

30 

6,072 

18,054 

2 

80 

6 

215 

962 

4 

26 
2 

6 

77 

Mutticianp   

Nurses 

Planter*?      

3 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc 

Saleswomen 

2 

753 

2,185 

2 

Servants 

7 

Hhirt  makers                                  

Shoemakers 

8 

1 

Stenographers  and  typewriters 

Straw  workers .- 

24 
209 

1 

17 
8 

66 
240 

Teachers 

§ 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees  .. 

Digitized  by 


Google 


472  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


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OCCUPATIONS. 


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476 


BEPOBT  ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 
Tablb  XXXn. — Occupations  by  provinces. 


Oocupation. 

TotaL 

Habana. 

City  of 

sas. 

Pinar 
del  Bio. 

Puerto 
Prin- 
cipe. 

Santa 
Clara. 

Santi- 
aga 

Actors 

104 

621 
2,648 

162 

294 
6,444 

219 
8,849 

22 
479 

63 
339 
168 
109 

20 

46 

481 

207 

14,204 

1,608 

2,248 

283 

105 

116 

949 

125 

364 

6,363 

419 

617 

501 

24 

2,262 

71 

810 

664 

69 

1,397 

397 

78 

•276 

1,642 

40 

246 

360,377 

22,218 

1,400 

49 

176 
24 

80 

058 

6.657 

4,672 

47,265 

236 

854 

242 

628 

523 

473 

53 

24,160 

83 

1,531 

219 

1,223 

15 

3,273 

43 

4.824 

48 

277 

1,499 

69 

258 
1,720 

122 

211 
1,499 

197 
1,239 

728 
6 

226 

166 

29 

18 

18 

266 

138 

4,754 

233 

920 

117 

76 

56 

239 

66 

2U6 

3,684 

286 

316 

216 
20 
529 
27 
159 
186 
19 
415 
252 

48 

46 

694 

16 

166 

63,632 

8,653 

896 

23 

107 
14 

68 

226 

1,424 

106 

109 

895 

192 

927 

539 

6 

83 

29 

204 

146 

2 

12 

14 

220 

124 

8,105 

150 

TJO 

89 

72 

46 

160 

67 

173 

8,100 

244 

264 

m 

19 

U 

140 

*     143 

17 

346 

233 

36 

26 

602 

13 

152 

16,610 

6,247 

749 

16 

96 
12 

9 

67 

19 

9 

8 

667 

4 

847 

358 

8 

144 

6 

23 

1 

6 

.     2 

7 

87 

9 

2,111 

876 

306 

44 

5 

7 

313 

19 

33 

.      482 

•       22 

60 

78 

1 

242 

11 

44 

61 

6 

144 

48 

3 

68 

216 

6 

19 

52,686 

4,264 

144 

1 

86 
69 
6 
15 
861 

2 

27 

14 

2 

8 

840 

3 

192 

112 

9 

126 

366 

14 

24 

1,106 

11 

824 

663 

a 

187 

6 

49 

14 

Agents  (real  estate,  etc.) 
an<)  collectors 

63 

Apprentices 

876 

Architects  and  draftsmen. 
Ari^ft^    , 

10 
33 

Bakers 

Bankers  and  brokers  . .    . . 

1.6«) 
4 

Barbers  and  hairdremers. . 
Blacksmiths 

116 
89 
7 
2 

682 

478 

BoardlDff-house  keepers. . . 
Boilermakers....  

4 

42 

Bookbinders 

10 

Bookkeepers 

10 

11 

20 

Box  makers  (wood)    ..  ... 

2 

Brickmakers 

6* 

14 

5 

724 

57 

56 

20 

2 

4 

11 

3 

9 

292 

2 

16 

4 

8 

86 

6 

6 

58 

11 

3.180 

6n 

489 
50 
18 
22 

152 
28 
62 

407 
38 

134 

85 

2 

716 

4 
68 

m 

8 
344 
44 

Broom  and  brush  makers. 

Builders  and  contractors. . 

9 

Butchers  

9 
1 
651 
14 
204 
16 
1 

11 
34 
2 
14 
211 
16 

21 

6 

98 

Cabinetmakers 

43 

Carpenters 

2,784 

Cha^tM>al  burners 

351 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Clergymen 

274 
36 

Commercial  trayelers 

Confectioners 

3 
17 

Coopers 

Dairymen 

200 

7 

Dentists 

Drajrmen  and  hackmen  . . . 

Dressmakers 

Engineers  (civil)  and  sur- 
veyors ...  -  -...-- 

31 
297 
56 

81 

Engineers    and    firemen 
(stationary engines).  ... 

Engravers 

Fishermen 

114 

1 

246 

? 

19 
2 

88 
28 

6 

7 

132 

6 

2 

64,016 

1,244 

61 

1 

6 
4 

28 

17 

278 

74 

28 

1 

147 
1 
8 
48 
11 
109 

383 

Foremen  and  overseers  ... 

Ghu^enersand  florists 

Oold  and  silver  workers . . 
Qunsmiths 

25 

as 

124 
14 

Harness  makers ...-. 

297 

Hostlers          

80 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keep- 
ers.  

6 

9 

79 

3 

6 

19,306 

1,718 

37 

5 

'10 

12 

Housekeepers  and  stew- 
ards  

142 
310 

29 

96,483 

4,032 

163 

3 

23 

4 

19 

Hucksters  and  peddlers... 

Janitors  and  sextons 

Journalists 

Laborers  

212 

6 

24 

73,243 

Launderers 

2,412 

Ijavryers 

113 

Linemen, telegraph, etc ... 
persons 

17 

14 

15 

Lrvery-stable  keepers 

Lumbermen 

2 

1 

179 

1,016 

1,067 

6,992 

18 

4 

46 

81 

61 

66 

1 

1,123 

1 

143 

20 

129 

1 

129 

2 

611 

11 

1 

124 

66 

Ma«hini"t»                 , .      . . 

336 

2,937 
2,000 
20,771 
90 
87 
100 
866 
280 
157 

32 

16,647 

63 

1,057 

121 

656 

10 

253 

41 

1,888 

6 

52 

918 

233 

2,279 

1,674 

16,171 

81 

28 

84 

832 

222 

108 

30 
12,128 

63 
936 
102 
406 

10 
161 

38 
1,152 

t 

846 

15 
269 
131 

1,876 
7 

192 
1,185 
1,087 

s,m 

4 
73 
43 
92 
TZ 

1 
2.508 

280 

Masons 

878 

Mechanics 

354 

Merchants 

Miners  and  qu  arrymen 

808 

Molders 

24 

Musicians .    . 

26 
11 
47 

6 
880 

8 
22 

9 
82 

88 

28 
48 

8 
288 

74 

Nurses 

86 

Officials,  Ctovemment 

Officials  of  manufacturing 
comxMvnies 

90 
11 

Operatives,  daar  factories 
Packers  and  shippers 

'•It 

Painters ... 

Photogrraphers 

40 

7 

46 

196 

32 

186 

1 

1.446 

73 
30 

Physicians  and  surgeons. . 
Piano  makers 

125 
3 

Planters 

Plumbers 

49 

468 

988 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 
Porters 

866 

8 

1 

24 

446 

2 

82 

66 

1,183 
20 
119 
210 

—   48i 
6 

Potters 

72 

Printers,  lithographer8,etc 

167 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OOOUPATtONS. 


477 


Table  XXXn..— Occupations  by  provinces— ConiiDued, 


Ooonpatioii. 

Total. 

Habana. 

City  of 
Habafff>- 

Matan- 
zas. 

Pinar 
del  Bio. 

Puerto 
Prin- 
clpe. 

Santa 
Clara. 

Santi- 
ago. 

Ropo  xnakflTS.  .....*.«  ^* ... . 

84 

4,820 

14,669 

78 

8,329 

41,404 

84 

106 

6,820 

608 

678 

87 
480 
240 
886 

27 
642 

8,481 
848 

2,708 

466 
712 
24 
68 
266 
191 

81 

1,886 

10,177 

68 

8,2de 

19,199 
60 
48 
1,487 
229 
102 

26 

84 

179 

9 

22 

218 

1,000 

74 

1,142 

.     iw 

280 
16 
22 
106 
114 

20 

1,040 

9,861 

60 

2,528 

16.026 

12 

46 

972 

161 

80 

24 
33 
140 

1 

472 

406 

8 

1.099 

6,252 

15 

13 

821 

64 

234 

9 
28 
29 
211 

IK 

842 
106 
888 

96 

102 

1 

10 
27 

1 

1,001 

2,008 

13 

1,861 

7. 480 

8 

14 

1.809 

71 

201 

1 

50 
19 
65 
2 
127 
628 
88 
504 

82 
148 

1 

Bailors  and  boatmen 

Baleamenand  saleswomen. 
f>a1oan  keeners  .,..,., 

152 
741 

381 
147 

850 

1.000 

4 

Seamstresses  - ........ 

282 

8,186 

1 

441 

24 

14 

660 
2,880 

1,780 

Servants - 

4,000 

Ship  and  boat  builders .... 
Shirt  makers 

1 

6 

694 

46 

20 

28 

Shoemakers r.,. 

1,108 

Soldiers 

164 

Steam-railroad  employees. 
Stenographers  and  type- 

47 
1 

Stockraisers 

170 

1 

9 

144 

fl^QnAcntters 

12 

straw  workers 

41 
2 
2 
180 
84 
122 

28 
46 

1 

10 

Street-railway  employees, 
gug^r  makeirs.      

18 

100 

1.887 

22 
824 

128 

210 

16 

14 

88 

I 
17 
120 

5 
106 

16 

11 

1 

4 

9 

83 

Tauors 

601 

Tanners 

Teachers 

41 
861 

Telegraph  and  telephone 
emnloyees 

50 

Tinners 

181 

TJoholsterers 

6 

Watch  and  clock  makers. . 

15 

61 

5 

1 

i6 

88 

72 

Table  XXXUL— Selected  occupations,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Occupation. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

AoDrentioes       ............ 

1,720 

1,405 

1,280 
728 

4,754 
020 

8,584 
520 
416 
688 
62.961 
780 
896 

2,987 

2,000 
20,504 
15,800 

1,067 
655 

1,888 
015 

1,866 
10,149 

919 

480 

660 

828 

1,889 

682 

888 

875 

196 

170 

85.068 

96 

786 

571 
553 

1,242 
658 
868 

1,883 

'"i,'i02' 
431 
265 
836 

118 
600 
268 
226 

1,400 
228 

1,825 

113 

72 

250 

U.886 

457 

111 

405 

424 

18,160 

2,521 

272 

99 

460 

228 

1,486 

7,811 

"'2,766' 
452 
616 
161 

093 

447 

801 

174 

1,465 

15 

876 

41 

147 

263 

15,080 

227 

1 

1,866 

194 

681 

4,502 

214 

8 

186 

29 

66 

506 

■"6;6i9' 

607 

720 

10 

Apgrenuoes 

4 

1 

3 

Barbers 

BlAcksmiths 

Oarpenters...  .... 

Clerlu  and  copyists 

Draymen  ana  hackmen  . . . 
Fishermen 

Harness  makers ........... 

Hucksters 

11 

671 

7,778 

1 
807 
604 

5 

41 

224 

6 

TAborers 

828 

Ij»nnderer«5 

6,926 

Lawyers 

Mw>nv}<f 

Mechanics 

m 

1.267 

■"  'ioi' 

50 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 
Painters 

62 
989 

14 
268 

Physicians 

Poucemf^n  and  watchmen. 

Printers 

8 

3 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

28 
8,289 
9,728 

7 

646' 

14 

713 

1,201 

1 

486" 

14 
189 
900 

1 

i48' 

Seamstresses -. 

2,887 

Servants 

9,476 

1,480 

1,600 

496 

7,ffi2 

Shoemakers    

6 

Tailors           

Teachers 

18 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Apprentioes . 

Barbers' nil! 
BhMsksmiths 
Carpenters. 


1,424 

806 

927 

680 

8,106 

741 
156 
474 
280 
1,886 

117 

500 

207 

287 

128 

1,028 

488 

216 

181 

1,081 



>      Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


478        .BEPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OP  CUBA,  18W. 

Table  XXXIIL — Selected  occupations^  by  mx,  race,  and  no^ttnf^— Contmned. 
CITT  OF  HABAKA-Continoed. 


Ooenpation. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Clerks  And  copyists 

Draymen  andhackmen  . . . 
Pishermen  r-.-      

780 

8,100 

68 

846 

494 

10,282 

682 

740 

2,279 

1,574 

15,040 

11.812 

996 

496 

1,152 

848 

1,046 

9.886 

701 

82 

146 

188 

5,888 

60 

647 

429 

1,089 

<274 

5,466 

511 

407 

728 

699 

88 

1.406 

67i' 

228 
218 
226 

196 

1.657 
27 
66 
208 

5,880 
408 
102 
420 
842 
10,283 

2,281 
287 
86 
868 
218 
942 

7.889 

568 
104 

15 

742 

4 

184 

158 

TTA-raAon  makers 

Hucksters . .  ^  - 

8 

288 

5.615 

ioo" 

244 

4 

23 
222 

4 

Laborers-^T t ,,' 

106 

Lannderers .  r  r    

5,149 

I^awyers 

Ma«4>nff 

488 
8,675 
188 
8 
31 
26 
21 
442 

4~844 
881 
568 

7 

Mechani<w 

Merchants 

OperatiTes,  dgar  factories 
Painters 

181 
816 

48 
699 

74 
44 

9 

m 

Physicians   ....... 

PonnATnnn  and  watchmen 

Printers......  . 

8 

8 

Hailomand  boatmen  . 

Salesmen  -  -  -  - 

25 

2.628 

7,662 

5 

487" 

18 
480 
748 

1 

840" 

12 
116 
819 

1 

1.988 

Servants  ...........r....... 

7.478 
967 

1,887 
887 

6^«0 

Shoemakers 

8 

Tailors                  • 

Teachers 

131 

16 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


19 
585 

847 

868 

2,111 

806 

482 

242 

144 

193 

48,864 

02 

144 

1,015 

1,067 

6,960 

1000 

148 

129 

611 

117 

472 

405 

2 

7 
193 
187 
178 
988 
249 
208 
162 

74 

44 
21,098 

28 
126 
221 
709 
2,781 
618 

91 
104 
878 

98 
165 
169 

286' 

886 

51 
U6 

12 
288 

115 
108 
888 

8 
149 
81 
60 
118 

bSKpt      """■"■-*"" 

2 

154 
46 
82 

295 
54. 

180 
49 
20 
81 

18 
107 
186 

18 
28 
106 
15 

2y6 

162 

m" 

146 
75 

48 

Barbers      ,    ......r-r..^^,.. 

pl^^nnltlif       . 

Draymen  and luokmen. . . . 
Fishermen 

Harness  makers 

Hucksters. ......... T  ,^ 

22 
4,881 
4.172 

2 
187 
405 

1 

17 
68 

19 

Tjftborers ...... ..  .-- 

4,177 

Lannderers 

Lawyers .  ...... r 

8;614 

Masons  . 

687 

2» 

984 

881 

84 

2 

128 

4 

11 

74 

'"i;629' 
884 

216 

1 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  dgar  factories. 

42 

98 

9 

87 

14 

19 
6 

Physicians 

PoHcemen  and  watchmen. 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen.. 

7 

7 

Salesmen 

1 
1,099 

'""m 

1 
886 

867 

7 

i84' 

if 

60 

"748 

Serrants 

Shoemakers 

1,968 
814 
842 
165 

8,867 

Tailors 

Teachers .. 

26 

8 

PBOVINOB  OF  PINAB  DEL  RIO. 


Apprentioes 

59 
368 
115 

89 
724 

55 
292 
246 

88 

129 

58,601 

51 

61 
278 

74 
2.828 

88 
168 

74 

80 
801 

42 

•  176 

186 

62 

58 
68 
45 
909 

26 
112 
22 
29 
289 
1 

78 
27 
17 
59 

"•IS 

Bafers !!!!....:..:...:..:.: 

8 

1 

84 

19 

21 

184 

12 

89 

83 

9 

24 

5,989 

10 

8 

21 

18 

t 

Barbers  

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Fishermen 

Harness  makers ... 

Hucksters 

8 

515 

1.198 

8 
216 
266 

10 
9 

289 

Lannderers. 

906 

Lawyers 

Masons 

199 
11 

Mechanics 

Merchants .... ............. 

26 

8 

1.676 

»■ 

153 

....      j 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONe. 


479 


Table  XXXIII. — Selected  occupations^  by  sex,  racCj  and  nativity— ConUnued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAB  DEL  RlO-Contlinied. 


Oocnpatioii. 

AU  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male.   jFemale. 

Male. 

Female. 

OperativeB,  cigar  factories. 
Painters 

820 
22 
82 

265 
24 

152 

740 

60 

488 
18 
69 

153 
19 
96 

818 

488' 

167 
89 
41 

60 

40 
4 
12 
22 
5 

292 
5 

1 
90 

19 

Physicians 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

Printers 

......... 

232 

1.762 
5 

60 

6 
80 

762' 

186 
42 

Salesmen           .... 

I 
121 
670 

2 

.  842 

6 

18 

1 

106 

Servants 

1,423 

436 

120 

71 

178 
83 

39 
30 

1,074 

Shoemakers - 

2 

Tailors 

Teachers 

35 

28 

6 

1 

PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Annrentioes....  ...       -... 

14 
339 
192 
112 
651 
204 
211 
147 
109 

60 

87 
260 
181 
1,849 
237 

40 

46 
446 

62 
381 
147 

10 

269 
86 
60 

129 

165 
85 

106 
43 
86 
13.732 
17 
29 
42 
96 
1.106 

168 
6 
dO 

860 
54 

«72 
95 

4 

50 

96 

87 

441 

6 
45 
29 
59 
19 
8.7« 

pJSSSr 

1 

1 

21 

11 

25 

81 

33 

81 

12 

7 

5 

1,730 

1 

8 

87 

22 

673 

2 

7 

16 

53 

8 

66 

48 

Barbers 

CarpeDters  

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  and  naclnnen 

Fisliermen 

Hfirimis  makers . . 

Hucksters  ■,,.^.,..,-, 

19 

97 

1,689 

....  '  '.' 

8 
65 
704 

16 

Laborers 

6 
11 

26 

Ijannderers 

974 

Lawyers 

M^tumn        -,,, 

190 
18 
68 
67 
27 

1 
33 

5 
58 

4 

247' 

869 
T8 
6 

Mechanics 

Mer*'ha'its  . ^ ... . 

26 
1 

22 

1 

1 

3 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

Painters 

Physicians 

polic<^men  and  watchmen . . 

Printera 

4 

4 

Sailors  and  boatmen 



Salesmen    .      ....    ..    .  . 

Seamstresses 

659 

1.82: 

1 

441 
983 

1 

7 
45 

211 

Servants .. 

553 

503 

130 

59 

188 
188 
40 
40 

116 
86 
17 
18 

849 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachers 

63 

52 

8 

8 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Apprentices 

Bakers 

Barbers  

Blacksmiths  . 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  and  hackmen  . . . 

Fishermen 

Harness  makers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Lannderers 

Lawyers 

Masons 

McKihanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

Painters    

Physicians 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen  

Seamstresses 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachers 


865 
1,108 


8,180 

489 

497 

716 

344 

289 

94,622 

172 

153 

1,185 

1,087 

8,430 

2,460 

196 

186 

1,183 

210 

1.091 

2,0»2 


3,497 

1,865 

628 


21 
1,861 
3,860 


56 
138 


1,361 

3.942 

14 

"325 


194 

6 

254 

74 

163 

691 

80 

165 

205 

18 

61 

13,978 

67 

25 

156 

198 

4.171 

108 

32 

36 

221 

12 

486 

1,019 

600' 

218 
02 
75 

165 
412 
554 

184 

1,235 

12 

115 

47 

134 

187 

29,546 

53 

442 

196 

216 

1,854 

397 

• 

227 

464 

197 

91 

51,098 

63 

128 

1 
401 
738 

4 

20 
86 

1.4^ 

8.086 

201 

if 

115 

828 
128 
840 
784 

79 

1 

223 

17 
105 
262 

"2*276' 

1,281 

415 

4 

711 

3,419 

1.568 

85 

38 

1 

6 
22 

149 

739 

181 

500 

821 

"'627 
406 
121 

4 

084 

711 

5 

267 

30 

81 

2 

657 

8,150 

9 

190 

35 

28 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


480 


BEPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA, 


Table  XXXHL— Selected  occupations,  by  sex,  reuse,  and  na/itn7y— CoDtmaed. 
PBOVINOE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Oocapatlon. 

AU  classes. 

Natire  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Ai>Dreiitio68 ............... 

876 

1.541 

682 

478 

2,784 

2r4 

297 

382 

297 

178 

71,868 

119 

113 

878 

854 

6,200 

2,662 

78 

126 

481 

168 

860 

1,000 

101 
608 
208 
109 
464 
208 

61 
221 
114 

54 
86,798 

42 
104 

80 
195 

608 
28 
191 
237 
12B 
816 
534 

4ii' 

279 
134 
106 

4 

1 

100 

68 

81 

2OT 

56 

07 

22 

10 

18 

4,941 

13 

7 

82 

76 

2,812 

19 

12 

32 

60 

7 

296 

888 

880' 

110 
43 
30 

274 
820 

an 

288 
2.113 
15 
130 
139 
ITS 
101 

2 

716 

88 

686 

.2.0g 

1 

134 

18 

247 

78 

980' 

T18 

484 
10 

bSPaViT      -——.-..- 

8 

2 

6 

Barbers  

Carpenters - 

..^. ..... 

Clerira  and  oopyists 

Draym^^n  ana  nackmen  .   , 

Piflh"<^mien     

RAmfWtt  makers 

» 

1,885 
2,208 

4" 

220 

248 

Hucksters.......... 

1 

17 
17 

34 

1,148 

Lanndereri* r..r 

2,028 

liawyers    .. .,---„_„,,- 

Masons 

Mi^chanioff 

Operatlyes,  dgar  factories. 
Painters 

87 
22 

«7 

18 

48 
15 

Poficemen  and  watchman . 

Printers 

4 

8 

1 

Sailors  and  boatmen  ^ .  r . . . 

Salesmen 

"■i,*739' 

2,269 

6 

2i5' 

638' 

396 

1 

iao* 

22 
46 

1,179 

Servants .. ......r. ....... .- 

1,740 

1,102 

661 

146 

1,828 

5 

IVdlors              

Teachers  - 

8 

IB 

Table  XXXP7. --Occupations  by  age  and  sex. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


OocniMtion. 


MALB8. 

Apprentices 

Bakers 

Barbers  

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Drajrmen  and  nackmen — 

Fishermen 

Harness  makers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Laonderers 

Lawyers 

Masons ^ 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cdgar  factories 

Painters 

Physicians 

Poucemen  and  watchmen 

Printers , 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachers 

Bakers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Laundresses 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 
Printers 


Total. 

Under 
15 

16  to  19 

years. 

years. 

1.720 

890 

797 

1,495 

33 

235 

1,289 

60 

196 

728 

.    21 

94 

4,754 

112 

454 

920 

11 

105 

8,684 

23 

•       194 

529 

49 

72 

415 

8 

47 

683 

22 

83 

02.961 

5.361 

9,221 

780 

5 

51 

898 

1 

1 

2,937 

45 

262 

2,009 

34 

261 

20.594 

321 

1,748 

15,390 

601 

2,212 

1,067 

20 

125 

655 

1,888 

1 

61 

916 

48 

192 

1,865 

40 

151 

10,149 

543 

2,410 

9,476 

1,108 
38 

1,263 
146 

1,480 

1.600 

84 

182 

496 

2 

6 

4 

11 
671 

1 

2 

100 

85 

7,773 

60 

686 

177 

4 

12 

1,267 

96 

402 

3 

2 

20  to  24 
years. 


108 

661 

115 

597 

71 

78 

91 

9,632 

157 

69 


3.008 

2,758 

165 

42 

538 
177 
229 


212 


1 
1 

88 
962 
88 
280 


25  to  34 
years. 


1 

516 

404 

222 

1,346 

270 

1,312 

160 

117 

161 

16,253 

311 

276 

818 

609 

6,015 

4,974 

875 

206 

839 

302 

620 

2,700 

2,228 

411 

496 

120 


2 

4 

142 

2,196 

55 


36  to  44 
years. 


212 
161 

1,027 
213 
882 
96 
87 
117 
10,367 
172 
277 
867 
432 

4.908 

2,863 
217 
201 
807 
115 
452 
948 

1.418 
366 
363 
107 


99 

1,818 

36 

124 


45  to  64 
years. 


65  years 
and 


120 

m 

107 

1,086 

177 

584 

83 

74 

183 

10,246 

79 

2a 

721 

344 

4,109 

1,881 

140 

184 

185 

77 


191 


4 

129 

1,761 

33 

91 

1 


13 
U 
15 
118 


6 
44 

91 
20 
400 
201 
15 
28 
7 
4 

37 
56 


275 

4 
5 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


481 


Table  XXXIV. — Occupations  by  age  and  sex — Oontdnued. 
PROVINCE  OP  HABANA-Contlnued. 


Occnpation. 


FBHAL.B8— contixiaed. 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Teachers 


Total. 


9,723 

7 

646 


Under 

15 
years. 


8 

UO 

1.406 

1 
1 


15  to  19    20  to  24 
years,  i  years. 


7 

640 

1,440 

2 

45 


9 
619 
994 


109 


25  to  34 
years. 


8 

884 

1.861 

2 
195 


85  to  44 
years. 


1.464 

1 

154 


45  to  64 
years. 


1 

391 

2,101 

1 
124 


65  years 
and 
over. 


84 
470 


CITY  OP  HABANA. 


MALES. 

ADDFentioes...... 

1,424 
805 
927 
589 

780 

8,100 

68 

846 

494 
16,282 

682 

749 

2,279 

1.574 

15,040 

11,812 

986 

496 
1,152 

843 
1,046 
9,326 
7,478 

967 
1,337 

887 

726 
17 
48 
16 
82 
7 

20 
1 
7 
20 
865 
5 
1 

29 
29 
191 
857 
18 

669 

180 

143 

78 

840 

81 

157 

2 

30 

70 

1,720 

85 

1 

202 

218 

1,134 

1,572 

110 

29 

208 

179 

82 

471 

89 

602 

8 

62 

65 

2,466 

122 

54 

270 

265 

2,106 

1,990 

149 

83 

245 

150 

113 

2,754 

1,019 

189 

199 

26 

1 
888 

8U8 

178 

907 

232 

1,188 

20 

94 

129 

4,880 

265 

286 

665 

468 

4,487 

3,749 

332 

165 

560 

288 

896 

2,539 

1,844 

272 

412 

80 

aSSi.^::::::::::.. :::: 

Barbers  

128 
152 
119 
673 
167 
769 
20 
77 
87 

8,282 
138 
229 
520 
828 

8,781 

2,089 
195 
140 
219 
106 
271 
899 

1,144 

213 

299 

71 

78 

88 

68 

647 

187 

477 

10 

61 

112 

3,157 

64 

194 

544 

265 

3.047 

1,405 

119 

140 

103 

70 

196 

479 

1,490 

211 

214 

128 

6 
9 

BliM'ksmlthM 

8 

Carpenters 

75 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  ana  hackmen ... 
Pishermen    .,.,^-,-,--^  ---, 

17 

87 

2 

Ff  arpASH  makers 

6 

Hnckstors.. ..-.r.. 

11 

IjalK>r«?r8 

462 

T/anTi<)ArerA ....,, 

8 

Ij»wyer<» ...  . .   - 

85 

Masons 

69 

Mechanics 

21 

Merchants 

Operatives  cigar  factories. 
Painters 

845 
150 
18 

Physicians 

18 

Poficemen  and  watchmen. 
Printers  

47' 

9 
458 
775 
22 
27 
2 

28 

175 

43 

2.147 

968 

89 

151 

5 

7 
8 

Sailors  and  boatmen. 

SfUesmen 

19 
ISO 

Servants - 

288 

Shoemakers.... 

21 

Tailors 

85 

Teachers 

26 

Bakers    

Hucksters....... ........... 

8 

228 

5,615 

181 

816 

8 

26 

2,528 

7,562 

5 

487 

1 

41 

425 

10 

251 

2 

5 

480 

1,141 

1 

30 

1 
3!$ 

661 
28 

182 

8 

58 

1,698 

87 

172 

86 

1,857 
27 
90 

3 

29 

1,822 

28 

62 

1 

1 

818 

1.605 

1 

89 

laborers 

i6 

86 
8 
66 

14 

Lanndroooeo ............... 

216 

Merchants 

Operatives,  dgar  factories. 
Printers                   -  ...... 

8 
8 

Sal  en  vrnm  nsn 

8 

92 

1.086 

1 

8 
466 
790 

8 

605 

1,469 

2 

149 

5 

462 

1,151 

ii7* 

25 

Servants 

870 

ShoexDAlcers 

Te^K^ers 

87 

15 

PROVINCE  OP  MATANZA& 


MAL.ER. 

19 
686 

847 

858 

2.111 

806 

482 

242 

144 

198 

48.864 

92 

144 

1,015 

1.067 

7 

28 

20 

18 

51 

8 

4 

16 

6 

9 

5.068 

11 

130 

58 

44 

195 

40 

37 

28 

18 

19 

6.881 

U 

1 
123 
78 
63 
245 
55 
78 
42 
22 
15 

4 
115 
171 

Baker*^  , _  _  _  

169 

94 

100 

582 

91 

156 

66 

41 

42 

10,148 

25 

38 

170 

294 

89 
53 
82 

458 
59 

112 
38 
26 
28 
7,457 
16 
60 

194 

228 

47 
45 
47 
548 
54 
88 
57 
30 
66 
10.801 

44 

837 
185 

4 

Barbers 

4 

Blacksmiths 

6 

Carpenters 

Clerlnand  copyists 

Draymen  and  hackmen. . . . 
Pishermen 

87 

>l 

10 

Harness  makers   

2 

Hucksters 

14 

Laborers 

2.665 

Lawyers    .     ...-. 

8 

Masons 

28 
17 

iis 

159 

^ 

Mechanics 

18 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


482 


REPORT   ON    THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXXIV. — Occupations  by  age  atid  aex — Contmaed. 
PBOVINCB  OF  MATANZAS-Continaed. 


OocnpAtion. 


MAIZES— con  tlnaed. 

Uerdutnts 

Opermtlves,  cigar  f«otorle«. 

Painten 

Physicians 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

Printers 

Bailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachers 

rXMALES. 

Bakers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Laundresses 

Merchants 

Operatives,  dgar  factories 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Teachers 


T«f^i    ^Ss^^llStolO   20to24 


-I- 


6,960  ; 

1,000  I 
143 
129  . 
611 
117 
472  I 
406  ! 

1,968 
814 
842 
166 


10 
14 
89 
820 
71 
13 
1 


2   .. 

1 

22   

4,381 
4,172 
42   .. 

196 
42 

276 

460 
3 

93 

7   .. 

6 

19 
2 

1  , 

1 

1.000 
3,284  I 

86 
60S 

229 

402 

2 

218 

1 

24 

702 
lOi 
19 


10 
28 
84 
128 
227 
128 
88 
13 


1,048 
204 
25 
8 
170 
•19 
76 
87 
164 
106 
60 
12 


1 

2 
292 
554 

3 
24 

2 


26  to  34 
jears. 


1,786 

286 

86 

28 

260 

83 

120 

72 

297 

218 

98 

20 


2 
787 
1.215 
0 
25 
2 


806 

5U 

2 

76 


86  to  44 
years. 


1,419 
195 

86 

46 
111 

14 
120 

83 
2U 
154 


1 

949 

942 

11 

11 


165 
606 

1 


45to64«2S" 


1.S19 

191 

24 

86 

67 

13 

83 

42 

660 

121 

67 

60 


4 

1,423 

847 

10 

6 

1 


120 
787 


41 


PBOVINCB  OP  PINAB  DEL  BIO. 


MALBB. 

Aimrentioes 

60 
868 
115 

80 
724 

66 
292 
246 

88 

120 

58,601 

51 

61 
273 

74 

2,828 

820 

22 

82 
266 

24 
162 
740 
1,428 
436 
120 

71 

8 
8 
515 
1,100 
26 
60 

80 
12 

6 

8 
18 

1 

15 
28 

3 

11 

7.888 

8 

26 
68 
24 

9 
66 

4 

83 
38 
16 
15 
8,480 

2 

86 

21 

20 

68 

8 

46 

26 

U 

16 

8,125 

0 

3 

33 

18 

456 

141 

5 

4 

82 

6 

19 

190 

222 

106 

17 

2 

1 

1 

115 

88 

26 

192 

18 

106 

57 

23 

80 

12,041 

15 

10 

68 

21 

839 

200 

9 

24 

125 

10 

80 

168 

262 

108 

39 

17 

1 

Sffero    !^....-.-.-: 

89 
15 
17 

183 
10 
56 
43 
20 
22 
7,638 
9 
18 
60 
23 

610 

122 

7 

24 

81 

1 

33 
68 

150 

74 

19 

7 

86 
10 
14 

184 
14 
87 
45 
18 
28 
7,197 
7 
19 
73 
15 

497 

117 
1 

26 
13 
2 
30 
61 

217 
4S 
18 
40 

1 

2 

98 

142 

1 
2 

t 

Barbers --. 

1 

Blftcksmit-h*i --  

1 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Drasrmen  and  nackmen — 
Fishermen   

24 

1 
10 

Harness  makers 

Hnokst^^rs.., 

y 

Laborers 

1,882 

Lannderers . .-...- 

1 

LAwvers .. 

2 

SSsjns  /.::::":::::::::::: 

0* 

81 

2 

807 

154 

9 

Mpohanics 

Merchants 

70 
71 

50 

Painters 

15 

PoUcemen  and'watoh'me'n. 
Printers 

1 

12 

6 

26 

206 

244 

70 

17 

1 

J 

2 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen - 

12 

68 

201 

26 

0 

8 
0 

Servants -,^», -- 

87 

Shoemakers r .. . 

4 

Tailors 

1 

Teachers  -r 

4 

FEMALES. 

Bakers                

TInnlnrtAPfl 

1 

64 

221 

6 

9 

Laborers 

04 
62 

82 

170 

6 

20 

66 

223 

8 

20 

104 

863 

12 

9 

20 

Lanndresses  ....... ..... 

22 

^Aiv*hii,ntfi                 

Operatives,  dgar  factories. 
Printers....... - 

9 

Saleswomen      ............. 

1 

232 

1,762 

5 

35 

1 

68 

294 

2 

4 

Seamstresses......... 

14 
864 

57 

808 

68 
340 

1 
11 

28 
208 

7 
206 

1 

B6r  VADtB         •.....••..------ 

S8 

1 

Teadiers.. ....... ->....••-• 

2 

U 



Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


483 


Table  XXXIV. — Occupations  by  age  atid  sea?— Continaed. 
PROVmCB  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total. 

Under 

15 
years. 

16  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

26  to  84 
years. 

86  to  44 
years. 

46  to  64 
years. 

66  years 
and 
over. 

MAIiXS. 

U 
930 

van 

112 
651 
204 
211 
147 
lOG 

60 
19.211 

24 

87 
269 
181 
1,849 
287 

40 

46 
446 

62 
881 
147 
558 
608 
130 

59 

1 

19 

97 

1,689 

26 

1 

4 

8 
15 
18 
6 
26 
8 
1 

12 

2 

6 

2,087 

6 
68 
48 
11 
78 
26 
12 
22 
16 
12 
8,841 

BAkem -  - 

69 
82 
17 
82 
42 
86 
16 
81 

4 
1,979 

8 

1 

26 
80 
266 
20 
10 

2 
119 
12 
61 
84 
47 
64 
28 

7 

96 
46 
86 

186 
40 
59 
26 
28 
12 
8,540 
10 
9 
55 
45 

448 
80 
8 
19 

180 
18 

110 
23 
99 

168 
19 
14 

1 
4 
15 
426 
8 

66 
28 
28 
106 
46 
57 
86 
15 
18 

13 
40 
21 
422 
49 

7 
16 
78 

6 
99 

7 
08 
137 
20 
12 

89 
22 
17 
191 
44 
41 
81 
17 
10 
3,862 

4 
10 
98 
18 
874 
90 

7 

7 
48 

7 
61 

4 
100 
108 
12 
21 

1 

Barbers    

8 

2 

Oftrpenters  - 

83 

Cle&  and  oqpyistB 

>raymen  andfiackmen  ... 
Fishermen-  - 

4 
6 
4 

Harness  makers 

6 

Hucksters............ ...... 

8 

Ijalx>r era  ■.■... 

968 

Lannderers. 

Lawyers ................... 

4 

Maff^ns 

11 

29 

16 

236 

24 

6 

11 

Mechanl4!S 

1 

Merchants 

Operatives*  ciipir  factories. 

60 
6 
2 

64 
18 
1 

Physiclanfl 

8 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

26 
16 
40 
54 
64 
82 
82 

4 

10 
24 
106 
85 
9 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

10 
1 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

45 
9 

Tailors 

10 

Teachers 

5 

FSMAIiBS. 

Bakers 

Hnckwters^^    ^»-  ..»,„--,-^ 

2 

18 
889 

7 

11 

21 

869 

10 

2 

10 
89 

1 

14 
287 

4 

is 

180 

6 

50 

Merchants 

1 

1 
8 

Printers 

1 

Saleswomen 

659" 

1.827 

1 
63 

42 

129 

182 
816 

1 
9 

86 

188 

146 
866 

107 
828 

88 
401 

10 

Servants   .^.^    ^ 

109 

Shoemakers .....^  ^ 

Teadieni ................ .. 

11 

23 

11 

7 

2 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


ApprenticeB 

866 

1,106 

824 

668 

8,180 

489 

487 

716 

844 

280 

94,622 

172 

168 

1,185 

1,087 

8,480 

2,460 

196 

186 

1,188 

210 

1,091 

2,002 

8,497 

1,855 

628 

209 

168 

88 

62 

14 

102 

3 

6 

71 

9 

16 

10,740 

4 

182 
218 
161 
77 
881 
68 
61 
117 
53 
22 
13,116 
20 

17 
285 
162 

86 
400 

88 

74 
116 
101 

88 
12,444 

28 
0 
120 
182 
1,U1 
416 

20 

6 

875 

88 
106 
516 
287 
288 
107 

25 

2 
834 

206 
186 
847 
145 
164 
182 
00 
60 
28,064 
75 
86 
278 
861 

671 
67 
64 
606 
57 
208 
405 
624 
608 
188 
70 

1 

176 

188 

106 

740 

97 

110 

115 

51 

64 

16,600 

81 

51 

268 

226 

1,041 

426 

56 

72 

186 

40 

205 

144 

687 

898 

181 

02 

Bfhxers 

106 

Ul 

88 

660 

78 

77 

101 

85 

01 

16,547 

14 

40 

888 

160 

82 
80 

84 

10 

223 

140 
1,086 

272 
104 
84 

4 

Barbers - 

9 

Bliu!k<pmith4 

8 

Carpenters.. . 

02 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  and  hackmen  . . . 
Fishermen . 

10 
6 

14 
5 

Harness  makers 

HnnksterSx , 

18 

Laborers 

8,208 

I/annde«*ri^ 

Lawyers 

9 

Maftons 

23 

10 

215 

98 

2 

114 
101 
884 
874 
16 

40 

Mechanics 

8 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

167 
47 
4 

Physicians 

5 

28 
60 
99 
682 
860 
800 
104 
12 

4 

Printers 

16 
41 
205 
466 

U6 
84 

Salesmen  . .  .  x 

27 
10 

Servants ...    .  x 

100 

Shoemakers 

10 

T^-ilors  - 

15 

Teachers 

16 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


484  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 

Tablb  XXXIV. — Occupations  by  age  and  mo;— Gontinaed. 
PBOVmOB  OF  SANTA  CLARA-Oontinaed. 


Oocnpatioii. 

TotaL 

Under 

16 
years. 

16  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

26  to  84 
years. 

86  to  44 
years. 

46  to  64 
years. 

66  years 
and 
over. 

Bakers 

Hucksters 

21 
1,861 
8.860 

66 
188 

2 

180 
666 

7 
84 

1 

886 

1,060 

16 

18 

2 

826 

912 

16 

11 

12 
629 
729 

7 
12 

4 

Laborers  ---.--,. „ . . . 

m 

67 
8 
16 

196 

470 

6 

46 

170 

T4<-^lT*drOIM68       L    .^. 

67 

Merchants 

Operatives,  dgar  factories. 

SalMwomen 

6 

1.361 

8,942 

14 

826 

1 

80 
661 

2 
872 
666 

6 
40 

268" 

366 

1 
91 

2 
806 
712 

2 
92 

189 

624 
8 
49 

1 

90 
867 

40' 

Servanttf x,,... 

157 

Shoemakers 

Teachers 

3 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


If  AT.»g. 

AnT>rentioe6......««.« ..... 

876 

1,641 

682 

478 

2,784 

274 

297 

382 

297 

173 

71,858 

119 

118 

878 

864 

6,200 

2,662 

78 

126 

481 

168 

869 

1,000 

1,740 

1,102 

661 

146 

8 

39 

1,886 

2,298 

87 
22 

4 

206 

122 

66 

13 

120 

3 

8 

68 

4 

26 

9,792 

8 

163 
807 
172 
83 
849 
34 
20 
69 
48 
29 
10,786 
18 

4 

247 

109 

76 

873 

36 

88 

86 

77 

20 

7,840 

39 

8 

80 

64 

877 

467 

6 

6 

99 

26 

100 

240 

147 

106 

86 

14 

1 
8 
126 
283 
8 
4 

1 
864 
144 
144 

78 

97 

67 

98 

84 

13,778 

40 

48 

211 

121 

1.637 

637 

22 

87 

187 

41 

206 

177 

887 

248 

192 

41 

4 

8 

281 

631 

19 

1 

268 

94 

97 

507 

64 

89 

88 

61 

27 

13.768 

9 

89 

210 

74 

1,606 

486 

16 

60 

96 

20 

239 

78 

200 

273 

116 

.  28 

1 

18 

206 

687 

20 

7 

1 

186 

66 

60 

400 

68 

49 

64 

23 

80 

18,407 

6 

20 

213 

66 

1,080 

8g 

29 

86 

18 

166 

26 

238 

201 

79 

44 

1 

7 

374 

477 
34 

Bsf™^::::::"!!:::::: 

7 

Barbers  

Blacksmiths..      

2 
7 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  and  nackmen — 
Fishermen . 

m 
1 

1 

10 

Harness  makers 

Hucksters 

1 

7 

Laborers 

2,637 

Lannderers  ..x. ............ 

Lawyers - 

8 

Masons 

40 

6 

194 

194 

1 

98 
42 

808 

641 

6 

31 

MAchanir«..  

1 

Merchants 

Operatires,  dgar  factories 

lOB 
25 
1 

Physicians 

4 

Policemen  and  wA^''^Y>Tnfm 

U 
89 
96 
867 
286 
168 
161 
7 

1 

Printers 

16 
87 

118 
429 
88 
80 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Serrants 

18 
4 
44 

Shoemakers 

83 

Tailors 

9 

Teachers a.. 

12 

FBHALIB. 

Bakers - 

Hucksters 

8 

189 
81 

162 

294 

1 

8 

3 

68 

Ijaundresses 

40 

Merf^hantff    

6 

Operatives,  dgar  factories 

8 

Printers......" 

1 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

1,730 

2,269 

6 

216 

120 
4U 

1 
1 

681 

808 

1 

89 

827 

169 

2 

68 

400 
848 

231 

886 

2 

84 

73 
660 

7 

Servants   . 

102 

Bhoemakers 

Teachers 

63 

Si 

8 

Digitized  by 


Google 


OCCUPATIONS. 


485 


Table  XXXV. — Selected  occupations^  by  sex  arid  citizenship, 
PBOVINCB  OP  HABANA. 


OocnpAtion. 

TotaL 

Caban. 

Spanish. 

Snspenso. 

Other 
and  un- 
known. 

MALES. 

AoDrentioeB..... 

1,720 
1,405 
1,230 

728 
4.754 

020 
3,684 

620 

415 

683 
62,061 

780 

898 

2,937 

2,000 

20,504 

15,300 

1,057 

665 
1,888 

015 
1,865 
10.140 
0,476 
1.480 
1,600 

496 

4 

11 

671 

7,778 

177 

1,257 

3 

28 

3,230 

9,723 

7 

646 

1,825 

884 

808 

450 

8,181 

666 

1,666 

886 

828 

306 

47,168 

162 

763 

2,338 

1,434 

6.174 

12,008 

719 

632 

1,408 

619 

883 

1,742 

6,718 

960 

987 

380 

8 

5T? 

7,198 

68 

1,007 

3 

8 

8,006 

8.530 

6 

441 

82 
54 
45 

18 
108 

14 

182 

3 

10 

13 
800 

66 
6 

67 

S3 

27 
6 
21 
28 
48 
1,064 
340 
66 
97 
9 

328 

659 

261 

215 

1,253 

154 

1,697 

129 

66 

221 

11,071 

392 

68 

433 

305 

11,160 

2,607 

201 

47 

305 

238 

1,884 

6,965 

2,382 

422 

605 

117 

1 

36 

SSS^ 

48 

Bavbera 

85 

Bli^kBmithff 

86 

Carpenters 

262 

clerks  and  copyists .. 

96 

Prajmien  andnackmen 

239 

Pialiermen 

u 

Hamees  makers 

Hnoksters ......... 

11 
146 

Tiaborers ,...,.,„.       

3,013 

Liannderers... 

170 

Lawyers 

61 

Manons 

99 

Mechanics 

157 

Merchants 

1,597 

Oneratives.  cimu*  factories .       

'S 

Painters r 

110 

Physicians              

71 

Pouoemen  and  watchmen 

64 

Printers 

80 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Servants 

100 

878 

1,027 

Shoemakers 

42 

Tailors 

61 

Teaohers 

40 

rSMALBS. 

Bakers 

Hxi^kst^^rs ,                 

6 

Laborers 

i 

8 
8 
5 

62 
282 

62 
142 

41 

Lanndrf»i«es 

286 

Merchants 

60 

Operatives,  dirar  factories         .  ..... 

13 

Printers  ..I 

Saleswomen: 

1 

13 
80 

I 
10 

16 
164 
807 

4 

Seamstresses 

66 

Servants 

207 

Rboemak^rs 

Teachers  ... 

107 

88 

CITY  OP  HABANA. 


ITALBa 

Apprentices 

Barbers 

Blacknmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

Draymen  and  hackmea 

Fishermen 

Harness  makers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Lannderers. 

Lawyers 

Masons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Painters 

Phvsicians 

Policemen  and  watchmen  . 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachera 


1,424 
805 
927 
630 

3,105 
730 

8.100 
63 
346 
494 
16.282 
633 
749 

2,279 

1.674 

15,040 

11.312 

036 

496 

1,162 
843 

1,048 

9.326 

7,473 
967 

1,887 
«7 


1.056 

28 

807 

83 

421 

42 

808 

30 

650 

40 

207 

30 

824 

18 

168 

20 

1,961 

08 

067 

194 

504 

13 

127 

86 

1.284 

179 

1,602 

135 

36 

288 

1 
0 

26 
50 

io 

225 

10 

186 

78 

8,606 

673 

5,234 

1,760 

96 

63 

346 

127 

627 

5 

64 

68 

1,776 

62 

383 

70 

1.107 

21 

331 

116 

3,870 

1,356 

8,561 

1,263 

8.296 

183 

2,408 

426 

635 

24 

177 

100 

388 

3 

40 

66 

742 

21 

334 

56 

563 

28 

228 

24 

87 

80 

860 

61 

1.403 

1,081 

6,548 

8U 

4,224 

883 

2,005 

^ 

652 

52 

828 

86 

746 

87 

456 

40 

210 

7 

78 

88 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


486  REPORT    ON    THK    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

Table  XXXV. — Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  citizenship— CoDtiniiBdL, 
CITY  OF  HABANA-Contlnned. 


Ooonpatioii. 


FEMALES. 


fiAkers 

Haoksten 

Laborers 

LatiDdresees 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

Servants 

Sboemakers 

Teachers 


Total. 


Cnban. 


Spanish. 


Bnspenso. 


Other 
andnn* 
known. 


8 

288 

5,615 

131 

816 

8 

26 

2,628 

7,662 

5 

487 


8 

180 

5,188 

40 

682 

8 

7 

2.884 

6.600 

4 

814 


PBOVINCB  OF  MATANZAS. 


26 

245 

44 

110 


18 
186 
724 


MALES. 

Apprentices 

Bakers 

Barbers 

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  and  haokmen  ... 

Fishermen 

Harness  makers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Lannderers 

Lawyers 

Masons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Painters 

Physicians 

PoUcemen  and  watchmen . 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachers 

FEMALES. 

Bakers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Laundresses 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Teachers  


10 
685 

847 


2.111 
306 


144 

109 

48,864 

02 

144 

1.015 

1.067 

6.050 

1,030 

148 

120 

611 

117 

472 

405 

1,068 

814 

842 

165 


4,881 

4,172 

42 

08 

7 

1 

1,000 

3,284 

7 

218 


18 
406 


1,780 
234 
885 
166 
120 

04 
37,148 

67 
125 
840 
820 
2,615 
OOB 
118 

08 
502 

06 
166 
178 
1,284 
640 
245 
115 


2 

8 

8,787 

4,004 

23 

86 

5 

1 

1,058 

8.120 

7 

166 


24 

8 
11 
45 

4 
8 
4 
6 
4 
816 
4 


12 

27 

510 

4 

1 

1 
4 


100 

80 

SO 

100 

48 

67 

36 

10 

21 

2,007 

11 

11 

52 

104 

2.520 

-  28 

15 

17 

n 

14 
160 
156 
136 
40 
60 
84 


31 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAB  DEL  RIO. 


MALES. 

50 
858 
115 

80 
724 

55 
292 
246 

88 

120 

53,601 

57 

268 
00 
60 

515 
42 

260 

108 

75 

81 

44.740 

2 
10 
2 
4 
17 

Baiers '^^:v^:::v^:::':^:::v^l:: 

78 
22 
20 
144 
10 
80 
42 
8 
15 
7,040 

2 

Barbers , 

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerics  and  copyists 

Draymen  andnackmen.. 

2 

1 

2 

1 

878 

Fishermen 

Harness  makers 

8 

Hucksters.. 

8i 

Laborers 

1,884 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


487 


Table  XXXV. — Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  citizenHhip- 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO-Continueu. 


-Continaed. 


Occnpatlon. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

Snspensa 

Other 
and  un- 
known. 

M  ALJB8—  contiiined . 
Laonderers 

51 
61 
278 

820 

22 

82 

265 

24 

162 

740 

1,428 

486 

120 

71 

8 
8 
515 
1,198 
26 
60 

34 
57 

280 
68 

973 

784 
18 
60 

244 
16 
89 

836 
1,151 

842 
76 
40 

8 

3 

457 

1,176 

4 
60 

11 

3 

21 

13 

1,385 

49 

4 

11 

30 

3 

58 

322 

156 

85 

82 

30 

6 

lAwyprs 

i* 

1 

265 

8 

i 

Masons 

12 

M^chftni«i . . ,  r         -r , 

7 

Merchants 

205 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

20 

Painters     .      .........  .  .    .....  .  . 

Physicians , 

2 

Poficemen  and  watchmen 

1 

Printers ..'........... 

4 
1 
85 
12 
6 
8 

1 

Sailors  and  boatmen .. 

Salesmen                    ...... 

4 
48 

Servants...... 

104 

Shoemakers    , 

8 

TUlors 

4 

Teachers 

1 

PBMALBS. 

Bakers 

Hncksters  , 

Liaborers. 

si 

18 

27 

L»n»drojwen  . .     .     , 

1 

8 

Merchants  . , 

22 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  

1 

7 

1 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

1 

232 

1,762 

6 

35 

1 

221 

1,781 

8 

26 

Seamatreoaefl 

3 

22 

2 

7 

8 

Servants     ...  .  ...  ....      ..  .      .... 

0 

Shoemakers 

Teachers  ......             .  .    ... ...... 

3 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 

MAI.RS. 

Ainyrentices ' 

14 
880 

192 
112 
651 
204 
211 
147 
100 

60 
19,211 

24 

37 
260 
181 
1.840 
287 

40 

46 
446 

02 
881 
147 
653 
50» 
130 

50 

1 

10 
97 
1,669 
26 
1 
4 

18 
802 

m 

85 
566 
155 
110 
181 
100 

30 
16,  Ig 

22 

80 
228 
102 
1,060 
224 

81 

28 
886 

58 
296 

60 
864 
546 
HI 

45 

i\ 

80 

1,616 

28 

1 

4 

1 
28 
11 
20 
71 
27 
88 

? 

7 

1,660 

1 

4 

82 

18 

665 

6 

7 

4 

81 

8 

58 

62 

115 

42 

17 

U 

ppKiSr                  ................. 

6 
4 

4 
11 
6 
9 
5 

4 

Barbers 

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

8 
13 

Clerks  and  copyists 

16 

Dniymen  and'liackmen , .... 

54 

FisiTermen 

2 

TTamess  makers ....       ... 

2 

Hucksters 

2 

412 

12 
976 

Lannderers 

1 

Lawyers 

1 

6 

1 

58 

1 

2 

Masons 

4 

Mechanics 

10 

Merchants 

67 

Operatives,  dgar  factories 

6 

Pni?f  fimi     ,                

2 

Physicians..  .     ..,    .      ......... 

1 
2 
1 
9 
12 
10 
4 
1 
2 

13 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

27 

Printers  - 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

24 

Salesmen 

4 

Servants 

64 

Shoemakers . . 

2 

Triors 

1 

Teachers 

1 

FEMALES. 

Bakin*H.... 

Hackisters 

2 

liaborers 

2 

8 

1 

6 

1 

9 

Laundresses.-..  ... 

80 

Merchants . 

OnArftiHvAA.  nlarA.1*  fiu*f^rit». 

Printers.    .  ....... 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses  -  - 

660 

1,827 

1 

63 

688 

1,710 

62 

8 
22 

10 
46 

4 

Servants 

48 

Shoemakers 

Teachers 

1 

7 

8 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


488  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXXV. — Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  citizenship-— Continxked. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Ooeupation. 

Total 

Cuban. 

^^anlsh. 

Soqwnao. 

Otter 
andon- 
Mnown. 

MALES. 

AiyDr6ntico8 

365 

1,106 

asi 

668 
8,180 
480 
4S7 
716 

m 

fSSO 

m 

163 
1.186 
1,037 
8,430 
2,460 

196 

186 
1,188 

210 
1,091 

8,497 

1,866 
628 
269 

818 
888 
600 
886 

878 
381 
497 
386 
148 
76,084 

VD 

129 

990 

768 

8.314 

2.222 

157 

138 

967 

187 

678 

771 

2,088 

1608 

619 

187 

3 

?? 

13 
66 

9 

10 

6 

1 

2 

880 

8 

2 

7 

9 

768 

18 

4 

6 

14 

4 

U 

184 

48 

18 

15 

3 

27 

216 

66 

184 

466 

68 

118 

180 

16 

38 

6.675 

60 

13 

122 

157 

8,2S 

86 

26 

18 

154 

14 

866 

915 

461 

130 

80 

60 

y 

^^            : 

43 

Barbers 

40 

Blacksmiths 

D 

Carpenters 

U7 

Clerks  and  copyists .... 

n 

13 

Fishermen 

33 

Hameasmakers 

Hucksters 

2 
101 

LaYv>rer<i ,-  r . . . „ 

U,6B8 

21 

Lannderers -^.,.-,  .^ ..r 

Lawyers 

^Aflons  ..,.rT ,,„,..,.- 

U 
68 

MAAh^nlAH 

108 

MerTrhants 

1.126 
187 

ODeratives,  cimr  factories  ... 

PftintAr*!     r .         ,   . 

9 

Phy«iici#n<»      

25 

Poficeipen  And  watchiTiAn , 

68 

Printers   

(^ 

Sailorsand  boatmen 

187 

Salesmen , 

2S 

Servants 

965 

Shoemakers 

00 

Tailors 

14 

Teachers 

10 

TKMALES. 

Bakers 

Hucksters 

21 
1,861 

8.«eo 

188 

17 
1,807 

"•If 

136 

4 

Laborers 

2 

14 

7 
1 

38 

LauT>dre<we4 ...  

86 

Merchants 

2 

1 

28 

Operatives,  dgar  factories 

Print^v 

Saleswomen....... 

6 

1,861 

8,942 

14 

8S5 

6* 

1.802 
8.«» 

266 

1 
28 
87 

81 

Servants 

5 

71 

Shoemakers 

Teachers 

3 

86 

28 

PROVINCE  OP  8ANTLA.OO. 


MAL.B8. 

Apprentices 

Bakers 

Barbers 

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  ana  hackmen 

Fishermen 

Harness  makers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Launderers 

Lawyers 

Masons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Painters 

Physicians 

Poucemen  and  watchmen . 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachers 


376 

1,541 

632 

478 

2,784 

274 

297 

882 

297 

1TB 

71,868 

119 

U3 

878 

854 

6.200 

2,662 

73 

125 

481 

153 

869 

1,000 

1,740 

1.102 

661 

146 

862 

1.406 

568 

868 

208 
170 
360 
272 
186 
66.170 
98 
104 
780 
241 
8,620 

72 

868 
187 
518 
543 
1,268 
961 
588 
109 

12 

96 

66 

68 

158 

42 

65 

24 

8 

15 

4,694 

9 

1 

60 

47 

1.906 

21 

6 

8 

61 

9 

243 

808 

817 

98 

86 

81 

12 

16 

8 
11 
20 

24 

10 

87 

120 

24 
66 

4 

16 
4 

17 

8 
406 

4 

19 

1,400 

13 

g 

14 

2 

362 

8 

1 
2 
8 

21 

64 

412 

4] 

12 

43 

9 

7 

18 
43 
42 

20 
8 

80 

21 

12S 

28 

80 

.... 

6 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


O00UPATION8. 


489 


Table  XXXV, ^Selected  occupations^  by  aex  and  citizenship—Contmned, 
PBOVmCB  OF  SANTIACKV-Contlnued. 


Oocnpatioii. 

Totid. 

CntaMi. 

Spsaiah. 

Sasponso. 

Other 
and  un- 
known. 

Bfik^^n 

8 
89 

§ 

4 

7 

86 

1.8K 

^% 

2 

1 

Hnckntera ....,,.. 

4 

Laborers - 

8 
6 

1 

18 
80 
6 

1 
2 

18 

lAnn^reoaee 

71 

HflTchantfi  

80 

Opmt^tiTett,  dgur  f act<ni«ff  ...r.,. ...... 

Pinters  ..l-.r...—.. -.-.. 

SaImwohmd 

%>^m^troMei             .  .    .^^      

1,789 

as 

1,644 
8,146 

194 

18 
4 

87 
87 

45 

gerTATitii -^ .X ,,--,---  .- 

88 

BhoemakerB .- 

l^ttohers 

1 

14 

6 

Table  XXXYl.— Selected  occupations^  by  sex,  literacy^  and  superior  education* 
PBOVIKCE  OF  HABAKA. 


Occnpation. 

TotaL 

Oan 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

but 
cannot 
write. 

Oan  read 

and 

write. 

With 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Without 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

AnrmmtlnMi. ....      _._....  ..........,..<- 

1,780 

788 

415 
688 

780 

898 
8.937 
8,009 
80,694 
16.890 
1067 

665 
1,888 

916 
1,866 
10,149 
9,476 
1480 
1,600 

496 

4 

7,778 

177 

i.aj 

88 

8,889 

9^788 

7 

646 

460 
478 
91 
188 
764 

141 
46 
86 
80 

111 

1,189 
977 

1,128 
686 

^S 

980 
8,806 
194 
842 
864 

676 
896 
1,686 
1.900 
19.867 
12,206 
906 

l,^ 
914 
1,078 
9268 
4,860 
1^002 
1.484 
4M 

2 

4 
187 

27 

iS 

646 

2 

8 
14 

8 
86 

187 

10 

1 

2 

6 

878 

«J 

11 
111 
1,879 
62 
82 
606 
112 

4 

16 

888 

1,718 
1^482 

786 

bSkw^t!!.::::::;::::;.!;..:."::::::;: 

Barbers ,,..,, 

BlA^ViffTTHflfl    

Carpenters - 

*'?S 

fTlArlra  and  OODTifltfl 

Draymen  and  nackmen , 

68 

818 

40,807 

196 

148 
18 
U 
17 

'•iSl 

FWiermen 

418 

Hucksters 

677 

776 

liannderers ^ 

Lawyers - - 

81 

MfHIOPff 

1,218 

98 

1.117 

189 
U 
180 
499 
82 

2,986 

Mertaanics  .......    .        ...xx..      ^    .. 

IM 

Merchants 

19.815 

Operatives,  dgar  factories 

15,888 

Painters..  J... 7 

iS 

Physicians 

^ 

Poficemen  and  watchmen ..., 

890 

80 
1 

86 

96 

668 

S 

1,7% 

Printers 

870 

Bailors  and  boatmen     ...... ........... 

84 

1,888 

Salesmen 

9,990 

Servants  .  ........> 

9,459 
1,476 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

tsM 

Teachers 

168 

nMALV. 

Bakers 

8 

6 

471 

475 

4 

Bncksters 

1 

18 

409 

7 
180 

u 

I  Aborerw 

9 
8 
16 
8 

1 

9 

7 

662 

7.771 

Mi^rchants 

168 

Operatives,  otear  factories....... 

1,866 

pSSiters!!:.!!^.!^?!?^^ 

'8 

798' 

5,701 

1 

886 

1,000 

27 

8,280 

Servants 

9,716 

Shoemakers ...  .  .x..... ...... 

7 

Teachers 

. 

481 

215 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


490  BEPOKT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXXVI. — Selected  oceupatioHJt,  by  sex,  literacy ,  and  superior  education — 

Continned. 


CITY  OP  HABANA. 


OocupAtion. 


Apprentices 

Bakers 

Barbers  

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters.... 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  andnackmen 

Fishermen 

Hamessmakers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Lannderers 

Lawyers 

Masons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

Painters 

Physicians 

Policemen  and  watchmen . . 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Servants  

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachers 


FEMALES. 


Bakers 

Hncksters 

Laborers 

Laundresses 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Teachers 


;     Can 
Total.    '  "^either 
read  nor 
write. 


I 


1,424 
805 
927 
589 

8,195 
730  I 

3.100  ' 
63 
346 
494 
16,282 
632 
749 

2,279 

1,574 

15.040 

11.312 

996 

496 

1,152 
843 

1,046 

9.320 

7,473 
967 

1,337 
337 


272 

48 
82 
417 


25 

50 

196 

6,500 

141 


8 

228 

5,615 

181 

816 

3 

25 

2,528 

7,552 

5 

487 


895 

62 

675 

1,768 

110 


46 


Can  read 

but 
can  not 
write. 


n»nw»«/l'    ^*^      Without 
iiT»a^ ;  superior  |  superior 
" -**     I  educa-      educa- 
tion,        tion. 


write. 


116 
22 

21 
18 

77 


138  { 
1 

10 

U  i 
501 


111 
10 
82 

382 
21 


355  i 
652 
2.900  I 
287 
64 


17 


472 
44 


966 
601 
868 
439 

2,701 
730 

2,033 
37 
286 
284 

9.281 
485 
749 

l,2rd 

1,502 
14,283 

9,162 
805 
496 

1,101 
843 
674 

8,591 

4,101 
656 

1,244  I 
337 


0 

30  I 
120 

8 
1 
I  . 

680 

4  t 
606  . 

'^ 
76  ' 

1,074 

45 

20 

466 
86 
43 
32 

154 
10 
2 
14 

231 


3  I 
112  ' 
4.166 

38 


1 

7 

391 


250 

72 

1 

552 
4,099 
2    .. 

189 
843 

4 

109 

1,058 

87 

494 

3 

24 

1.787 

2.610 

3 

487 


9 
2 
11 
•> 

i 
1 

9 
6 

"aii" 


1.42^ 

898 

918 

586 

3.165 

610 

8,002 

62 

345 

488 

15.662 

628 

51 

2.268 

1,498 

13.966 

11,267 

916 

30 

1,066 

800 

1,014 

9,172 

7,463 

065 

1,%S 

106 


8 

219 

5,613 

120 

814 

a 

24 

2,610 

7,546 

5 

146 


PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAS. 


MALS8. 

Annrentices..... _  .. 

19 

585 

347 

358 

3,111 

306 

482 

242 

144 

193 

48.364 

92 

144 

1,015 

1,067 

6,950 

1.030 

143 

129 

611 

117 

472 

405 

1,968 

814 

342 

165 

4 

204 
65 
68 

672 

4 

26 
11 
11 
68 

11 
355 
271 
279 
1.471 
306 
233 

70 
110 

92 
9,622 

64 
144 
508 
869 
5.784 
684 
108 
120 
434 
117 
238 
331 
626 
462 
303 
165 

19 

BtteM.^::.:. ::::.:::::::::..:..:::: 

585 

Barbers  

5 
3 

8 
61 

842 

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

355 

2,108 

245 

Clerics  and  copyists       .  ... 

Draymen  and  hackmen 

230 
168 
28 
97 
38,095 
28 

19 
4 
6 
4 
747 

482 

Pishermeu  .     ., 

242 

HRmA«M  makers . 

8 
2 

309 
1 

132 
3 

397 

6 

5 

127 

23 

10 

4 

12 

3 

1 

1 

114 

141 

Hucksters 

191 

Laborers 

48,065 
91 

Lannderers 

Lawyers 

12 

Masons 

470 
180 
1,094 
304 
30 

37 
18 
72 
42 
5 

1,012 
1  033 

Mechanics  , . . . ,      . , 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

6.553 

1,0:54 

138 

Painters 

Phvsicians 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

2 

168 

9 

588 

Printers 

107 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

218 

67 

1.285 

33 

16 
7 
77 
45 
6 


468 

Salesmen 

803 

Servants 

1,965 
813 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

841 

Teachers 

51 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


491 


Table  XXXVI. — Selected  occupationSy  by  «ea?,  literacy,  and  superior  education — 

Contiiiaed. 

PROVINCE  OP  MATANZA8— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

but 
cannot 
write. 

write. 

With 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Without 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

FMMAL.K8. 

Bfvkinv . 

2 

22 

4.881 

4,172 

42 

98 

7 

1 

1,009 

218 

1 

21 

4,220 

8,864 

80 

27 

1 
1 

90 

812 

11 

68 

7 

1 

778 

727 

6 

218 

2 

Hucksters 

22 

I^horerff ,, 

2i 
196 

1 
8 

2 

1 
1 
1 

1 

4,829 

4,171 
41 

Laundresses 

Mprrhantfi 

Operatiyes,  cifrar  factories 

92 

Printers 

6 

Saleswomen 

1 

Seamstrwwes -. 

2SI 
2,282 

1 

75 
276 

2 

1 

1,097 
8  288 

8^i>^rants                                 

Shnemakerfi 

Teachers ... 

126 

08 

PROVINCB  OP  PINAB  DEL  BIO. 


MALJBS. 

AiTDrentices  ............. 

60 
868 
116 

89 
724 

65 
292 
246 

88 

129 

58,601 

61 

61 
278 

74 

2.828 

820 

22 

82 
265 

24 
162 
740 
1,428 
486 
120 

71 

8 
8 
515 
1.198 
26 
60 

82 
148 
10 
26 
282 

8 

8 
2 

1 
14 

24 

207 

94 

62 

478 

65 

57 

60 

71 

41 

0,480 

28 

61 

118 

67 

2,525 

620 

17 

82 

162 

24 

54 

690 

325 

260 

107 

71 

1 

50 

Bttew  -r^.:::::::::::::::.:::::::.:::: 

858 

Barbers 

116 

BlivcksmltTm - . . , 

80 

Oarpenters. ..-.. ^..... 

1 

7 

723 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymf^n  and  iia<^kinon 

48 

288 

196 
14 
87 
48.608 
20 

2 

1 
3 
1 
418 
8 

208 

Fishermen 

1 
1 
1 

no 

245 

Harness  makers  . , 

87 

Hucksters 

128 

Laborers... 

53,382 

Lanndererw 

M 

Lawyers  . . , , . 

62 

0 

Masons 

157 

7 

284 

270 

5 

8 

278 

Mechanics 

2 

124 

3 

1 

81 

7 

2 

72 

Merchants 

10 
21 

2,704 

Operativea,  cigar  factories 

817 

Painters ...    . 

21 

Physicians 

1 

Poii<^nien  and  watchman 

112 

I 

258 

Printers 

22 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

05 

140 

1,075 

162 

10 

8 
10 
28 
14 

8 

162 

Salesmf*n 

12 
3 
2 

728 

Servants 

1,420 

Shoemakers 

484 

Tailors 

120 

Teachers... 

35 

36 

FEMAI.B8. 

Bakers 

2 
8 

8 

Hucksters     .. .  . 

8 

Laborers 

2 

618 

Laundresses ... 

1,048 
21 
24 

81 

114 
5 
41 

1,108 

Merchants 

26 

Oi>eratiy€^  cig^ar  factories 

4 

60 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

1 

232 

1,762 

5 

35 

1 
138 
165 

8 
35 

1 

Reamstr^wses 

80 

1,650 

2 

io 

47 

232 

Servants 

1.762 

Shoemakers        ...      ..... 

5 

Teachers 

22 

18 

Digitized  by  LjOOQIC 


492 


KKPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  18W. 


Table  XXXVl,— Selected  oceupatioru,  by  9ex^  literaoy,  and  m/perior  eduoatum^ 

GontmtiecL 

PBOVmCB  OP  PUERTO  PEINCIPB. 


Ooonpatlon. 

Total. 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

bnt 
oaanot 
write. 

Can  read 

and 

write. 

With 

snoerior 

eanca- 

tion. 

Witboot 

saperior 

ednca* 

tion. 

AmirentioM 

14 
880 

102 
112 
661 
204 
211 
147 
100 
60 

m 

200 

181 

1,840 

287 

40 

46 
446 

62 
881 
147 
668 
508 
180 

50 

1 

18 

07 

1,688 

26 

1 

4 

2 
77 

6 
24 
111 

1 

16 
6 
8 
26 

U 
8«6 

181 
80 
614 
204 
180 
48 
00 
20 

87 
184 
126 
1,708 
178 

86 

46 
806 

62 
168 
186 
232 
454 
124 

50 

14 

pJ^KST 

8 
2 

1 
6 
84 
17 

880 

Barbers - 

100 

BUckamiths 

Oarpenters                          .    .. 

111 
646 

Ciorks and  copyist* ........r......  r,^,.. 

120 

DmymAn  aTid  bAclrmen . 

66 

00 

7 

20 

7 

194 

piglionQ6n .....r.... 

147 

TTi^if^Mfm  raakert ... 

8 

6 

420 

1 

5 

104 

Hookwters-  - ^r-. 

00 

Laborers 

88 

19,128 

Laandererff ...r 

24 

Lawyers r...... 

86 
2 

18 

278 

8 

8 

48 

56 
6 
8 

14 
6 

1 

jljwyeni...  ............................ 

68 

4 

128 

62 
2 

17 
1 

18 
7 
2 

987 

118 

Merf^hant^ 

1.571 

Operatives,  oigar  factories 

i»4 

pjlnters...'. - 

87 

8 

47 

4 

200 

Printers 

S7 

Sailors  and  boatmen...... 

201 

10 

280 

118 

2 

12 
2 

41 
26 

4 

378 

Salesmen 

188 

Servants 

648 

Shoemakers. 

508 

Tailors 

5 
68 

126 

Teaobers.. 

6 

Bakers 

1 

14 
71 

1 

Hucksters.... 

1 

8 

108 

8 

4 

28 
500 

11 

1 
4 

19 

Laborers      — .  ..  . 

1 

06 

La!indro'*Wfi .    .,......-  -  -      r 

1,689 

M**rohant«              .      t  ,..,,..--,-^ ^ 

26 

Operatives,  dgar  factories 

Printers                           ................ 

1 

2 

2 

Sal^women    ..  ........................ 

660 

1,827 

1 

68 

101 
1,007 

8i 
168 

487 

678 
1 
68 

669 

Servants     -    ...  -    ...........-...-..— 

1 

1,820 

Shoemakers                   ,-,^-,,-,-- 

1 

Teachers 

47 

16 

PBOVINOE  OP  SANTA  OLABA 


Apprentices , 

Barbers , 

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  and  hackmen  . . . . 

Piahermen 

Harness  makers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Lannderers 

Lawyers 

Masons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  ci^ar  factories 

Painters 

Physicians 

Polioepaen  and  watchmen.. 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen  

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachers 


866 

1,106 

824 

668 

8,180 

480 

497 

716 

844 

280 

94,623 

172 

163 

1,185 

1,087 

8,480 

2,460 

106 

186 

1,183 

210 

1,091 

2,002 

8,497 

1.855 

628 

268 


*820" 

16 

542 

82 

201 

20 

2,216 

138 

486 

116 

46 

17 

241 
781 

8 

687 

1 

407 

2 

2,416 

18 

489 

60 

210 

1 

211 

1 

296 

142 
20.586 

260 

118 

1 

158 

187 

710 

8 

918 

12 

7,408 

272 

1,720 

4 

158 

2 

186 

179 

847 

19 

210 

8 

617 

9 

1,772 

12 

1,144 

9 

1,246 

1 

666 

1 

909 

124 

866 

1,106 

828 

661 

8.167 

489 

406 

715 

844 

289 

04,872 

171 

16 

1,182 

1,026 

8,158 

2,456 

194 

7 

1.164 

207 

1,082 

2.080 

8.488 

1,864 

627 

146 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


493 


Table  XXX VI. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex,  literacy^  and  superior  education — 

Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continned. 


1 
Occupation.                           Total. 

1 

Can 

neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read 

bat 
cannot 
write. 

Can  read 

and 

write. 

With 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Without 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

VKMALBS. 

Bakers 

Hacks  ters 

21 
1,861 
3.860 

66 
138 

i9 
1,696 
2.870 

80 

2 

189 

766 

25 

69 

21 

Labnrprff  . .  - . 

26 
225 

1 

4 

1,867 
3.860 

MerchantJ* .* 

2 

64 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

59  1            10 

138 

Printers 

Bf^le^women               ...        .....     .    . 

6                2 

1,361             386 

3,942          2.726 

14                 4 

rl 

364 
8 

-    -  . 

2 
897 
863 

8 
325 

6 

Seamstresses 

1 
1 

1.300 

Serraut^  

3,9a 

Shoemakers         ... 

14 
199 

Teachers 

325 

12G 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO. 


Aimrentioes 

376 

1,541 

632 

478 

2.784 

274 

207 

382 

297 

173 

71,868 

119 

113 

878 

354 

6,200 

2.662 

73 

125 

431 

153 

859 

1.000 

1.740 

1.102 

661 

146 

8 

89 

1.386 

2.298 

87 

23 

4 

151 
714 
38 
110 
620 

23 
49 

7 
9 
82 

202 

T78 

587 

860 

2.062 

274 

127 

88 

268 

100 

13.712 

106 

113 

565 

330 

5.682 

1.839 

62 

125 

346 

162 

895 

917 

617 

661 

616 

146 

5 
9 
87 
669 
82 
16 
4 

3 

4 
5 
9 
16 
67 

373 

affers  .!!:  .:::;;:::::::::::;:::::i:::: 

1.687 
627 

Barbers 

Blacksmiths 

460 

Carpenters 

2.760 

Clerks  and  copyists 

D»*i»ymen  Ann  nackmen     

207 

164 
291 
26 
70 
67.430 
20 

6 
3 
3 
8 

716 

4 

297 

Fi*iberm6n  .. 

382 

2 

295 

Hucksters 

178 

Laborers 

499 

71,360 

Lannderers  . ..^.. .^'...  ..^^*    ^.^^..    ^ 

119 

Lawyers - 

99 

4 

662 

15 

3 

122 

13 

16 

21 

80 

6 

3 

14 

108 

14 

TMf RSAns ^ 

276 
22 
485 
721 
11 

87 
2 
88 
92 

870 

Mechanics.    .4 

319 

Merchants 

6.638 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

l\m 

Painters 

70 

PhyslciiinB   ,      .......  . 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

Printers  

82 

4 

1 

18 
10 
67 
61 

6 

418 
137 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

446 

73 

1.066 

390 
89 

888 

Saleemeit. ........... ...... ......'. 

970 

Servants 

Sb'^nrakers .     ...  ... 

1.736 
1.099 

TaUors 

647 

Teachers 

38 

FBMALSS. 

Bakers 

1 

29 

1.294 

1640 

60 

4 

2 

1 
4 
94 
6 
2 

8 

Hucksters 

1 
tt 

1 
1 

88 

1.879 

Iiaundr«<w»e8     .     .    ..         .x.... 

2,292 

Mv»rchant^ 

86 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

22 

Printers 

4 

Saleswomen ._........ 

Seamstresses 

1.739 

2.289 

6 

215 

312 

1.826 

3 

62 
119 

1.875 

624 

3 

215 

33 

1 

1,706 

Servants 

2.268 

Shoemakers  . 

6 

Teachers - 

106 

107 

Digitized  by 


Google 


494 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Table  XXXV il.^ Selected  occupations  by  mx  and  conjugal  condition. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


OocnpAtion. 


TotaL 


Single. 


Married. 


Ldving 
together 

as  hue- 
band  and 

wife  by 

mntniu 
consent. 


¥nd- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


MAL.K8. 

Apprentices 

Barbers 

BlackAmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  and  nackmen 

Fifdiermen 

Hamees  makers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Lannderers 

Lawyers 

Masons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Painters 

Phvsiclans 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

Teachers 

Bakers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Laundresses 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigur  factories 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Teachers 


1,720 
1,496 
1,2» 

728 
4,7M 

821) 
8.584 

629 

415 

683 
62,961 

780 

898 

2.937 

2,000 

20.594 

15,!»0 

1,067 

656 
1,888 

915 
1,865 
10,149 
9.476 
1,480 
1,600 

496 


4 

U 

671 

7,773 

m 

1,267 

3 

28 

3,289 

9,723 

7 

646 


1,715 

1,126 

739 

412 

2,386 

454 

2.003 

304 

225 

447 

39.210 

548 

277 

1.498 

1,068 

11.857 

8,900 

584 

162 

1,267 

608 

1,026 

9.227 

7,308 

796 

900 

188 


4 

5 

446 

4.979 

91 

917 

2 

22 

2,348 

7,854 

4 

414 


1 
197 
304 
199 

1,428 
866 
862 
156 
105 
130 
14,963 
136 
546 
571 
675 

6.838  j 

3,ni 

246 
448 
455 
229 
723 
665 
938 
862 
422 


4 
69 

879 
45 

111 


1 
214 
873 

1 
120 


1 
139 
158 
91 


40 
63 
89 
5,206 
85 
22 

776 

162 
1,063 
2,145 

1T3 
10 

101 
50 
52 

154 
1.010 

221 

206 
17 


1 

105 

1,796 

11 

57 


2 

876 
591 


8 

82 

38 

26 

288 

48 

104 

28 

22 

17 

3.565 

^  11 

53 

92 

104 

835 

680 

53 

85 

64 

26 

62 

98 

215 

99 

72 

60 


1 
61 
618 
80 
172 

1 

3 
301 
901 

2 
104 


CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Apprentices 

Bakers 

Barbers 

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyiBts 

Drasrmen  and  nackmen  ... 

Fishermen 

Hamees  makers 

Hucksters 

Laborers.. 

Lannderers 

Lawyers 

Masons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

Painters 

Physicians 

Policemen  and  watchmen.. 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

Salesmen 

Servants , 


1,424 
805 
927 
539 

3,195 
780 

3,100 

68 

346 

494 

16,282 
632 
749 

2,279 

1,574 

15,040 

11.812 

996 

496 

1,152 
843 

1,046 

9,326 

7,478 


1.421 
711 
652 
817 

1,674 
869 

1,719 
32 
198 
816 

9,961 
445 
244 

1,169 
870 

8,.r70 

6,667 
515 
186 
696 
564 
559 

8,451 

5,668 


1 

1 

88 

86 

217 

184 

141 

70 

888 

481 

290 

88 

724 

567 

14 

14 

81 

67 

104 

66 

3,898 

1,819 

110 

70 

445 

20 

421 

681 

496 

18U 

4,940 

779 

2,478 

1,768 

212 

168 

826 

8 

348 

74 

208 

46 

481 

22 

688 

151 

796 

851 

1 

10 
24 
11 

152 
88 
89 
8 
15 
9 

607 
7 

40 
56 
79 

651 

404 
46 
26 
84 
26 
82 
87 

159 

I 

7 

1 

2 
4 

4 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OCCUPATIONS. 


495 


Tablb  XXXVII. — Selected  occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Continued. 
CITY  OP  HABANA-Continued. 


Oocnpation. 


I    Total. 


Single.    Married. 


Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mutnal 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


contlnned. 


Shoenoakers. 

Tailors , 

Teachers 


967 


548 
742 
132 


212 
348 
160 


157 
185 
11 


FKMALKS. 


Bakers 

Hnoksters , 

Laborers 

Laundresses 

Merchants 

Operatives,  dgar  factories. 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Teachers 


5,615 

131 

816 

3 

25 

2,628 

7,552 

5 

487 


8 

147 

3,612 

75 

585 

2 

19 

1,809 

6,150 

4 

831 


3 

260  ' 

27  i 


1 

30 

1,363 


1 
160 
807 


77 


2 
316 
430 


PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAS. 


370 

21 

131 

1 

3 

234 

658 

1 

71 


MALES. 

Annrenticos . 

19 

585 

847 

358 

2,111 

306 

482 

242 

144 

108 

48,364 

92 

144 

1.015 

1,067 

6,950 

1,080 

143 

129 

611 

117 

472 

405 

1,968 

814 

342 

166 

2 

22 

4,831 

4.172 

42 

98 

7 

1 

1,000 

3,284 

7 

218 

10 
415 
226 
202 
1,086 
176 
243 
144 

70 

136 

31,416 

63 

32 
540 
583 
4,328 
601 

77 

30 
408 

80 
264 
382 
1,600 
471 
177 

68 

2 
12 

2,488 

2.640 

21 

61 

5 

1 

761 

2,780 

6 

122 

1 

Agprenwcos  ........ 

00 

74 

84 

624 

106 

126 

51 

37 

35 

7,618 

0 

00 

106 

208 

1,801 

226 

34 

88 

122 

22 

160 

8 

'   84 

170 

01 

88 

70 

40 

60 

840 

10 

108 

36 

23 

30 

7,584 

18 

1 

245 

140 

553 

150 

28 

0 

60 

4 

21 

5 

260 

130 

61 

3 

10 
7 

12 

100 

12 

0 

10 

5 

2 

1,757 

2 

12 

34 

41 

267 

44 

i 

7 

25 
2 
18 
7 

24 
48 
13 
12 

Barbers 

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

2 

Clerks  and  convists  . 

Draymen  and  nackmen 

i 

Pisliermen -. 

1 

Harness  makers  ..., r 

Hucksters  ....... 

Laborers ....... 

44 

Laundererij ,  -    

Lawyers 

Masons 

Mechanics.. 

1 

Merchants ..       

1 

Painters  

PhTsi^i*Tis  .       ....   , . , , 

Poficemen  and  watchmen 

1 

Printers    ..           --..,^               -.  

8allor»»  and  boatmen 

Salesmen.............. 

8 

Servants - 

1 

Shoemakers 

TalYnTM 

Teachers 

VKMALBS. 

Bakers 

Hucksters 

3 
60 
236 
13 
11 

6 

1,740 

072 

6 

0 

1 

43 
822 

2 
12 

2 

Laborers 

Laundresses 

2 

Merchants 

OneratlvM,  dgar  factories 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

85 
48 

08 
326 

165 
170 

1 
40 

Servant*  ...... 

1 

Shoemakers  . , . . 

Teachers 

56 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


496 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXXVil. — Selected  occupationa  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Continiied. 
PROVINCE  OP  PINAB  DEL  RIO. 


Oocaimtion. 

Total 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
oonaent 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 
known. 

50 
868 
116 

80 
724 

56 
202 
246 

88 

120 

58,501 

61 

61 
278 

74 

2.828 

820 

22 

82 

1J 

152 
740 
1,428 
486 
120 
71 

3 
8 
616 
1,108 
26 
60 

50 
261 
68 
61 
861 

2r 

177 

187 
42 
81 
36.067 
81 
18 

143 

42 

1,718 

527 
8 
19 

202 
17 
76 

689 
1,241 

268 
70 
27 

1 
3 
868 
887 
2 
66 

1 

Bffire!.^:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

21 

219 

18 

50 

56 

31 

19 

11,048 

7 

46 
56 

m 

02 
39 
6 
46 
29 
78 
88 
40 
88 

80 
14 
16 
94 
6 
61 

9 

20 

6,147 

10 

2 
50 

6 
188 
90 

6 

1 
18 

11 
6 
2 

00 
4 

14 

11 
6 
9 
2,215 
8 
1 

16 

4 

121 

27 
1 

Barbers 

B1fi4^kffTn1trhii 

Carpenters                ...           

Clerks  and  convists ....... ,  »-  ^  

Draymen  and  nnokmen  . .    ,  - ,  - , ,  r » . .  r . 

FlsHermen -r ...r. 

1 

Harness  makers 

Hucksters - - 

Laborers.............. 

24 

Launderers .      ......  . - 

Lawyers - 

MfMi^nif 

Mechanics _ ,  _ , ,  . 

Me'Vrhants . . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Painters 

Physicians 

Poficemen  and  watchmen »-..-^ 

11 
2 
6 
14 
29 
14 
1 
6 

1 

Printers 

Bailors  and  boatmen 

24 

8 
75 
66 

9 

1 

1 

Salesn^en . .^ . . . ^ -  ^r    -,,-,,.,,„,  .-  .-  . 

Servants  

Shoemakers 

55So«         .:..:: ... ..::::::;::: 

Teachers 

FKMALBB. 

Bakers    

Hucksters 

Laborers - 

46 
40 
21 
6 

64 

187 

1 
8 

63 

119 

2 

6 

Trft^^'^reoaee 

1 

Merchants 

Operatives,  <dgar  factories 

Printers - - 

Saleswomen................... ......  ~... 

1 

282 

1,762 

6 

86 

1 

171 

1,464 

2 

12 

Seamfftresses 

14 
86 

13 
130 

1 

84 

142 

2 

6 

Servants  .    ............................ 

Shoemakers          ^ ^.. 

Teachers 

17 

PBOVINCB  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPB. 


MALES. 

Aunrentices •• 

14 
839 
192 
112 
661 
204 
2U 
147 
100 

60 
10,211 

24 

87 
260 
181 
1,840 
287 

40 

46 
446 

62 
881 
147 
568 

14 
2U 
186 

50 
860 
104 
114 

?! 

42 
11,684 

10 

4 

147 

76 
960 
106 

22 

16 

2ri 

42 
198 
141 
434 

gggrirai«:e8....... ............... ...... 

97 
42 
40 
199 
90 
76 
41 
26 
18 
5,420 
6 
27 

n 

60 
761 
91 
15 
27 
156 
18 
188 
5 
67 

16 
U 
11 
46 

i! 

14 
5 
4 
1,826 
4 
8 

26 
5 

61 

19 
8 
1 
9 

15 
4 

2 
46 
8 

7 
4 
5 
1 
781 

19 
1 

67 
21 

Barbers 

Blackamf  thff , . 

Carpenters 

Cnnrkfl and  copyists      ........  ... 

Draymen  and'^ackmen  . .  r 

FisHermen 

TT^rnAflff  Tpakers  . r    .  

Hucksters... 

Laborers.... ....... ............... 

Launderers 

Lawyers 

Masons 

Mechan^c^ 

Merchants 

Oneratives.  cisar  factories. 

Painters.. 

pwkians 

8 
U 
2 

14 

Poficemen  and  watchmen  ^  * ,  - 

Printers 

, 

Sailors  and  boatmen.. 

81 

1 
27 

Salfwmen    ..»                           .^.  . 

Servants 

25 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


O00UPATION8.  497 

Table  XXXyih—Selected  occupationa  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Ck)n tinned. 
PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-Contlnaed. 


Occaiwtion. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
as  hus- 
band and 
wife  by 
mntnal 
consent. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Un- 
known. 


MAL.S8— continued. 


Shoemakers. 

Tailors 

Teachers 


FKMALB8. 


Bakers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Laundresses 

Merchants 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

Printers 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

Servants 

Shoemakers 

Teachers 


130 
59 


1 

19 
97 
1,689 
26 
1 
4 


387 
91 
16 


168 
81 
85 


3 

9 

131 

5 


650 

1,827 

1 


468 

986 
1 
43 


11 


1 

20 

357 

1 


74 
669 


PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


MALES. 

Apprentices 

865 

1,106 

824 

663 

3,180 

489 

497 

716 

344 

289 

94,622 

172 

153 

1.186 

1,087 

8.430 

2,460 

196 

186 

1.183 

210 

1,091 

2,002 

3.497 

1.855 

628 

269 

21 

1,861 

3,860 

66 

138 

6 

1.361 

3.942 

14 

326 

354 

761 

517 

342 

1.640 

2r3 

226 

489 

222 

176 

62.559 

122 

42 

594 

670 

4.979 

1.528 

99 

57 

875 

150 

622 

1,967 

2,868 

1,121 

360 

106 

10 

1,063 

2,487 

21 

99 

6 

994 

3,146 

12 

213 

1 

26 
21 
17 
185 
23 
14 
13 

8 

7 
4,125 

5 

11 

63 

41 

276 

107 

6 

5 
43 

4 

42 
20 
64 
68 
39 
28 

3 
76 
385 
15 
22 

Bakers , 

210 
191 
128 
977 
160 
133 
157 

86 

52 
18.353 

17 
100 
291 
340 
2,579 
519 

50 
118 
198 

49 
382 

81 
248 
401 
174 
125 

4 

102 

244 

17 

10 

110 
95 
76 

878 
24 

124 
57 
28 
54 
9,543 
28 

1 

Barbers , 

Bla<dcsmitbs 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  copyists 

Draymen  and  hackmen 

Fishermen 

Hamftfw*  mskers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Launderers 

42 

Lawyers.-.-..-. 

Masons 

237 

85 

504 

305 

41 

6 

64 

7 

144 

23 

314 

266 

54 

10 

4 

600 

744 

3 

7 

Mechanics 

1 

Merchants 

2 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

1 

Painters. 

Physicians --..—.  

Policemen  and  watchmen 

3 

Printers 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

1 

Salesmen 

Servants 

S  hoemakers 

1 
3 

Tailors 

Teachers 

1 

FEMALES. 

Hucksters.  ... 

Laborers 

Laundresses           .      

M  A1*(*1l  Afl  t  A 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Saleswomen 

Seamstresses 

133 

86 

1 

65 

76 
376 

157 

332 

1 

46 

1 

Servants                         .... 

2 

Shoemakers 

Teachers ... 

1 

24662- 


-32 


Digitized  by  LaOOQlC 


498 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tadle  XXXyJl.-— Selected  occupations  hp9ex  ami  eof^ug<UeondUi4m — Continiied 

PBOVmCB  OF  SAKTIAOO. 


Occupation. 

TotaL 

Single. 

Married. 

Uyfng 
together 

as  hus- 
band and 

wife  by 

mutual 
consent. 

Wid- 
owed. 

Un- 

MALES. 

iSS?^:;:::::::::....:. :;.:::.:.:;: 

876 

1,541 

632 

478 

2,784 

274 

207 

382 

297 

173 

71,868 

U» 

113 

878 

354 

6,200 

2,652 

73 

125 

431 

163 

960 

1.000 

1,740 

1,102 

661 

146 

8 

39 

1,385 

2,298 

87 

22 

1,739 

2,269 

6 

215 

875 

1,064 

408 

282 

1,401 

128 

152 

210 

187 

108 

41,194 

91 

27 

412 

187 

8,236 

1,752 

88 

38 

245 

102 

469 

980 

1,425 

605 

808 

58 

5 
24 
909 

1.654 
44 

17 

8 

1.845 

1.884 

5 

148 

1 
280 
69 
TV 
527 
22 
66 
101 
30 
28 

"1 

189 

49 

607 

407 

10 

B 

44 

11 

158 

12 

128 

220 

67 

14 

1 

4 

832 

888 

4 
1 

254 

146 

107 

672 

114 

75 

64 

73 

37 

12.892 

20 

78 

244 

104 

2.184 

484 

22 

76 

185 

82 

m 

iS 

251 
186 
66 

2 

4 

81 

181 

28 

4 

1 

158 

58 

1 

30 

22 
14 

10 

98 

10 

5 

7 

7 

5 

1,804 

1 

6 

88 

14 

2S2 

69 

3 

3 

7 

7 

22 
8 
32 
36 
14 
18 

1 

Barbers  - 

Blacksmiths 

Carpenters 

Clerks  and  coDvists 

i 

Draymen  and  hackmen 

Fishermen 

TTfLmAiiR  makers                      ...      ... 

Hucksters,. 

Laborers                      ......            ..... 

12 

Ltsunderers   ...... ^. . .  -, 

Lawyers 

Masons         -.  t  

Mechanics...        .-r     -  -  

Merchants  ... . .-.-  tt-- 

1 

QoeratlTes.  ciinir  factories 

Painters    ..   -- 

Physicians                            .   r  -    - 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

Printers , 

Bailorsand  boatmen 

1 

Salesmen  -   ,,-,^-              ..    --  .- 

8 

Servants 

2 

Shoemakers 

Tailors 

1 

Teachers        ........... 

FKMAIilS. 

Bakers 

Hucksters     .  

7 

68 
146 
11 

Laundresses        

Merchants 

OnerfiitivAs.  cispar  factories 

Printers                  ---- - 

Seamstressflft  -    -- 

U6 
198 

119 
189 

1 

Servants         -              ...  .-... . 

Rhoemakers                                       ... 

Teachers            ..  . 

1 

85 

1 

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306 

482 

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1,067 
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OCCUPATIONS. 


503 


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Printers 

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Servants 

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FEMALES. 

Bakers 

Hucksters 

Laborers 

Laundresses 

Merchants 

Operatives,  dgar  facto* 

riAa    ^    

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2,010 
648 

1,627 
188 
610 

2,634 
620 
385 

2,495 
429 
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EEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XL. — DweUinga  and  familie*. 
[Fignres  in  italic  are  inclnded  in  tboae  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Province. 

Unoccu- 
pied 
build- 
ings. 

Occupied 
ingB. 

Number 
off  am- 

toa 
family. 

Persona  FamiUflS 

toa          toa 
dweUing.  dwelling. 

HftNina. ........r...... , 

6.474 

1,671 
6.608 
4,166 
1.672 
9,600 
8.678 

68,756 
t5,090 
36,143 
27,887 
16,8% 
66,306 
50,218 

06,467 
66,795 
44,739 
81,197 
18.746 
71,616 
66.210 

4.4 

A.f 
4.6 
6.6 
4.7 
6.0 
6.0 

7.2 
P.  A 
6.6 
6.2 
6.8 
6.6 
6.6 

L6 

CityofHabana 

t.S 

Mat  ansAA 

1.2 

PinardelRio 

l.l 

Puerto  Principe 

1.2 

Santa  Cliu'a 

1.1 

6aDtiaSr*>        ' ....aax 

1.1 

Cuba 

86,181 

262.724 

887.066 

4.8 

6.0 

L2 

PROVINCE  OP  HABANA. 


District. 


Unoccu- 
I     pied 
ImUd- 
I    ings. 


Occupied 
dweU 
ings. 


Aguacate 

Alquizar 

Bainoa 

Bataban6 

Bauta 

Bejucal 

Gano 

Ca«igna8 

Catalina 

Ceiba  del  Agna - — 

OnaDabacoa 

City  of  Ouanabacoa  .. 

Ouara 

Oaines 

Guirade  Helena 

Habana 

Cityof  Habana 

IsIadePinoe 

Jaruco 

Madruga 

Managua 

Marianao 

MelenadelSur 

NuevaPaz 

Plplan 

Quivic&n 

K^la 

Salud 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos 

San  Felipe 

San  Jo66  de  las  LAJas 

San  Nicol&s 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  . .  . 
Santa  Maria  del  Bosario  . 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste   

VeredaNueva 

Tbe  province 


64 

61 
4 

47 

06 
176 

56 
1 

40 

86 
624 
Uf9 

18 

200 

208 

1.770 

1,671 

48 

00 
102 

86 
146 

46 
187 

11 
284 
177 

40 

48 
162 

83 
148 
106 

50 

67 
126 

27 


5.474 


536 

1,487 
308 

on 

021 

1.048 

766 

180 

661 

888 

8,672 

t,66U 

816 

2.268 

2,087 

26,002 

96,090 

646 

886 

746 

466 

1.150 

624 

.    1.608 

187 

404 

1.707 

678 

866 

2,280 

412 

880 

867 

636 

644 

1.680 

812 

450 


68.756 


Number 
of  fam- 


786 


1.860 

1.083 

l.8» 

.817 

180 

668 

448 

4,802 

S,it9 

826 

2,478 

2,807 

68,006 

66,793 

672 

m 

880 
618 

2.010 
648 

1,627 
188 
610 

2.684 
620 
386 

2.406 
.  420 
056 
005 
660 
508 

2.068 
882 
611 


Persons 

toa 
family. 


06.467 


Persons 

toa 
dwelling. 


4.0 
6.6 
6.2 
4.8 
6.0 
4.8 
6.2 
6.8 
4.8 
4.0 
4.6 
U.S 
6.6 
4.6 
4.8 
4.2 
A.l 
6.6 
4.6 
4.8 
6.6 
4.8 
4.9 
4.8 
6.0 
4.8 
4.6 
6.2 
4.8 
6.0 
4.6 
4.8 
6.0 
4.4 
4.6 
6.0 
4.7 
4.7 


4.4 


Families 

toa 
dwelling. 


6.0 
6.8 
6.6 
6.7 
6.6 
6.6 
6.6 
6.8 
4.0 
6.7 
6.6 
B.U 
6.8 
6.0 
6.7 
0.8 
9.U 
6.0 
4.0 
6.0 
6.2 
7.4 
5.1 
4.0 
5.0 
4.0 
6.7 
6.7 
6.0 
6.5 
4.6 
4.7 
6.3 
4.7 
6.0 
6.8 
5.0 
6.8 


7.2 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZA8. 


Alacranes , 

Bolondron 

Cabezas 

Canasi 

Cardenas , 

Cityof  CafdenoM 

Carlos  Kojas 

Colon , 

Cuevitas 

Guamacaro 

Jagudy  Grande 

Jovellanos 

Macagua 


182 

1.362 

1,848 

4.4 

6.0 

802 

1.879 

2,240 

4.1 

410 

58 

866 

1.007 

4.7 

6.8 

260 

446 

467 

4.8 

•      4.6 

610 

4.886 

6.460 

4.6 

6.7 

m 

U,007 

U,966 

A.  4 

6.6 

101 

601 

716 

4.4 

6.8 

384 

2,108 

2,624 

4.7 

5.6 

146 

076 

1.848 

4.8 

6.0 

208 

1.123 

1,376 

4.4 

6.8 

168 

1,104 

1,177 

6.0 

6.0 

268 

1,634 

1,857 

4.1 

6.0 

108 

064 

1.107 

4.6 

6.2 

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FAMILIES   AND   DWELLINGS. 


513 


Table  XU—DweUings  and  famUiea— ConUnned, 

PBOVINOE  OF  MATANZAS-Oontinned. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  inolnded  In  those  for  the  proTince  or  district.] 


District 


Unoocn- 
pied 
bnlld- 
inga 


Oocnpled 
dwell- 
ings. 


Number 
of  fam- 
ilies. 


Persons 

toa 
family. 


Persons 

toa 
dwelling. 


Families 

toa 
dwelling. 


Maooriges 

Marti 

Matansas 

City  of  JiatanMos. . 

Maximo  Qomez 

Mendez  Capote 

Palmlllas 

Perico 

Roqne 

Sabanilla 

San  Jos6  de  loe  Ramos 

Santa  Ana 

Union  de  Beyes 

TheproTlnoe 


191 

lao 

1,202 

1,009 

128 

48 
416 

65 
122 
171 

56 

92 
164 


1,829 

1.708 

7,661 

5,8tO 

831 

866 

1.462 

610 

804 

976 

972 

666 


2,469 

1.950 

9,748 

7,066 

934 

868 

1.819 

969 

896 

1,064 

1,342 

680 

1,190 


6,608 


86,148 


44,789 


4.2 
4.6 
4.6 
U.6 
4.3 
6.9 
4.2 
4.6 
6.0 
4.8 
6.0 
4.4 
4.4 


4.6 


6.7 
6.2 
6.0 
6.t 
4.9 
6.0 
6.2 
7.3 
6.6 
6.8 
7.0 
6.2 
6.9 


6.6 


1.3 
1.1 
1.8 
l.A 
l.l 
1.0 
1.2 
1.6 
1.1 
1.1 
1.4 
1.2 
1.3 


1.2 


PBOVmCB  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Ar«M|T^1i|#. 

170 

15 

26 

101 

289 

636 

119 

432 

6 

117 

22 

186 

76 

1,321 

69 

17 

43 

8 

120 

867 

94 

1,608 

433 

468 

989 

1,158 

2,573 

1,408 

2,430 

487 

360 

468 

1,444 

660 

5.706 

767 

406 

256 

2,810 

1,232 

2,720 

i.n6 

607 

877 

999 

1,223 

2,874 

1.816 

2,615 

529 

371 

609 

1,612 

723 

6,673 

1,81» 

849 

464 

286 

2,470 

1,858 

2,866 

6.2 
4.2 
4.4 

4.9 
6.0 
5.8 
4.8 
6.6 
5.1 
6.0 
4.8 
6.5 
5.0 
5.8 
k.9 
5.0 
5.2 
4.0 
6.0 
6.6 
6.2 

6.8 
4.9 
8.2 
4.9 
6.4 
6.6 
6.2 
6.1 
6.6 
6.2 
6.2 
6.7 
6.5 
6.7 
7.6 
6.6 
6.9 
4.6 
6.4 
6.2 
6.6 

riRhf^^Honila 

Cabanas 

Candelaria 

Consolacion  del  Snr 

Qnanaday ... 

Guane 

1  * 

Qnayabal...... 

'^Jnliiin  Diaz  . 

LosPalacios 

Mariel 

•      11 

PlnardelRlo 

City  of  Pinardel  Rio 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diego  delos  Bafloe 

San  Diego  de  Nnnez , 

f^n  J^wi  y  Martinez 

f^nT'Ufff 

Vinales ....,  .^       .............. 

TheproYlnoe 

4,166 

27,887 

81,197 

6.5 

6.2 

1.1 

PROVINCB  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


CiegodeAvila 

Moron , 

NneTitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  of  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

TheproTince 


220 
124 
156 
1,096 
455 
74 


1,672 


1,633 
1,430 
1.756 
9,661 

U,861 
866 


16,] 


1,881 
1,836 
2,104 
11.852 
6,516 
1,074 


18,746 


6.2 
5.3 
4.9 
4.5 
8.9 
4.9 


4.7 


6.0 
6.7 
6.9 
6.5 
5.2 
6.2 


6.8 


L2 
L8 
1.2 
1.2 
1.3 
1.3 


L2 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus ........... ......... 

Caibarien 

Calabazar ................. 

Camajnanl 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfnegos 

CityofCienfuegoM 

Clfuentes 

Cruces 

Bsperanza 

Palmira 

Plaoetae 

24662 33 


117 

716 

731 

6.6 

5.6 

179 

1,667 

1,742 

5.0 

5.2 

332 

2,646 

2,668 

6.0 

5.3 

266 

2,467 

2.710 

6.8 

6.5 

91 

996 

1,060 

6.7 

6.3 

82 

1,290 

1,370 

6.1 

6.4 

1,079 

10,127 

11,868 

6.0 

6.8 

615 

U,967 

6,S71 

A.  7 

6.0 

116 

726 

822 

4.7 

6.3 

214 

1,624 

1,604 

4.7 

4.9 

306 

1,509 

1,627 

5.1 

6.2 

151 

1,218 

1,269 

5.1 

6.4 

340 

2,124 

2,362 

6.1 

6.6 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

1.1 
1.1 

1.2 
1.5 
1.1 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
LI 


Digitized  by 


Google 


514 


RBPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OP  CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XL.— DtoeUtnga  and /amaiet— Continued. 

PBOVmCB  or  SANTA  CLABA-OmtlBaed. 

[Fiffore*  in  italic  are  inolnded  in  those  for  the  proyince  or  district.] 


District. 


Quemado  de  Onines 

SanchoVelos 

Ranohneio 

Bodas  

BagnalaOrande 

City  of  Saaua  la  Grande 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vneltas 
SanctiSplritus 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus. . 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Joan  de  las  Teras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios... 
Santa  Clara 

Citu  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isaoel  de  las  Lsjas. .. . 

Santa  Domingo 

Trinidad 

City  of  Trinidad 

Tsgoajay 

The  province 


Unoccu- 
pied 
build- 
ings. 


Occnpiedl  Number 
dwell-     of  fam- 
ings.         Uies. 


881 
107 
188 
306 
615 

810 
1.102 

688 
189 
176 
289 
458 
1,066 
6iO 
91 
178 
812 

91 


9,509 


1.684 
1,296 
1,024 
1,688 
4,109 
t,t*88 
2,106 
5,086 
1,657 
1,000 
1,067 
1,060 
2,887 
5,879 
f,7W 
1,704 
2,064 
4,671 
t,l86 
1,647 


65,306> 


1.9<0 
1,666 
1.116 
1.788 
4,513 
«,7(W 
2,275 
5,604 
a,  98$ 
1,065 
1.114 
1,134 
8.136 
5.646 
ff,945 
1.755 
2,100 
5.327 
t,666 
1.606 


71.616 


Persons 

toa 
family. 


4.6 
4.6 
4.5 
5.8 
4.7 
A.  7 
6.6 
4.6 
A.5 
5.0 
6.8 
4.9 
4.7 
5.0 
A.  7 
5.5 
4.9 
4.6 
A.f 
6.7 


5.0 


Persons  Fsmflies 

toa     i     toa 
dwelling,  .dwelling. 


6.8 
6.« 
6.0 
6.7 
6.S 
5.1 
6.1 
6.1 
k.8 
6.4 
5.9 
6.8 
6.2 
6.3 
S.O 
6.6 
&0 
5.8 
S.l 
5.9 


6.5 


1.2 
IS 

1-1 
1.1 
LI 
I.I 
1.1 
1.1 
1. 1 
LI 
LO 
LI 
LI 
LI 

i.r 

LO 
LO 
L2 
If 
LO 


LI 


PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO. 


AltoSongo 

Baraooa 

Bayamo 

Campechnela 

Caney  

Cobre 

Cristo 

Gibara 

Guantanamo 

Holgnin 

Jiguani 

Manzanillo 

Ciiy  of  Maneanillo 

Mayari 

Niquero 

Palma  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Ctty  of  Santiago... 

The  province  .... 


306 

2.478 

2.814 

4.6 

5.0 

2.584 

8,029 

4.266 

6.1 

ft.6 

385 

3.752 

8.848 

6.6 

6.6 

104 

1,140 

1.277 

5.8 

6.4 

450 

1.612 

1.743 

6.2 

6.7 

680 

2.068 

2.180 

4.0 

5.2 

72 

251 

261 

4.6 

4.7 

840 

5,327 

5.730 

6.6 

6.0 

838 

5,866 

6.506 

4.8 

4.8 

375 

6,087 

6.467 

6.8 

5.7 

41 

1.806. 

1.866 

6.6 

5.8 

546 

6,048 

6.666 

4.0 

6.8 

S30 

t,9St 

S.SIS 

A.4 

U.9 

261 

1,426 

1,478 

.    6.a 

6.0 

62 

478 

624 

6.2 

5.7 

213 

2.840 

2.426 

5.1 

6.2 

115 

8,366 

8.610 

6.7 

6.0 

71 

976 

1.014 

6.7 

5.9 

268 

2,266 

2.8U 

5.0 

5.2 

1.008 

8,024 

10,292 

4.4 

6.7 

997 

7,574 

9,8» 

k.U 

5.7 

8,673 

50,218 

66,210 

6.0 

5.6 

LI 
LI 
L8 
LI 
LI 
LI 
LO 
LI 
LI 
LI 
LO 
LI 
I.J 
LO 
LI 
LO 
LI 
LO 
LO 
L8 
l.S 


LI 


Table  XLI. — Source  of  water  supply. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.} 


Province. 

Occu- 
pied 

dwell- 
ings. 

Cistern. 

Aque- 
duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 
stated. 

HAbAUa- ,._^ .......... 

58.755 
SS,OSO 
36,143 
27.887 
15,325 
65,396 
50.218 

27,728 
988 

28,260 
9,417 
8,536 

35,968 

10,713 

22,338 
90,657 
4,067 
284 
8 
6,921 
8,284 

m 

384 

580 

3,208 

8,007 

8.815 

2,988 
ISl 

1.600 
17.237 

8.072 
13.404 
36.068 

4.874 

City  of  Habana 

S,010 

Matanzas       

933 

Pinar  del  Rio 

4m 

Puerto  PrluciDe 

S06 

RantaOlara                  .             ..     . 

1.106 

Santiago           j 

as 

Cnba    

282,724 

130,621 

41,748 

17,766 

74.3(B 

8.S8 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


WATEB  SUPPLY. 


515 


Tablb  XLI. — Source  of  water  supply— Continued. 

PEOVINCE  OP  HABANA. 

[Fignres  in  italic  are  indoded  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


DistHct. 

Oocn- 

^ell- 
ings. 

Cistern. 

628 

1,376 

297 

419 

882 

1.014 

727 

186 

522 

366 

8,196 

i,tC8 

314 

313 

1,847 

1,622 

988 

338 

630 

668 

441 

864 

606 

1,504 

171 

483 

788 

663 

357 

i,n8 

409 
855 
694 
808 
531 
1,505 
296 
446 

Aqne- 
duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 
stated. 

Affnaf»tf»... ...^ 

686 

1,487 

306 

vn 

921 

1.048 
766 
189 
661 
383 

3,6?i 

t,66k 
316 

2.288 

2,087 
26,002 
96,080 
646 
835 
746 
468 

1,159 
624 

1,508 
187 
494 

1,707 
673 
365 

2,289 
412 
880 
•       857 
636. 
644 

1,620 
312 
469 

g 

ATquisar 

8 
10 
11 
24 

1 
2 
2 

1 

103 

n«fn'^ 

1 

B»ta!7*no...,. .  . 

505 

27 
3 
4 

16 

15 

Bauta 

12 

B^j^cal     ... 

24 

Cftno 

10 

Casignas 

1 

2 

26 

OeiUtdelAgna 

18 

Quanabacoa 

25 

18 

133 

8U 

33 

286 

ask 

Qoara - 

z 

Qnines 

600 

1,407 

10 

310 

m 

183 

262 

61 

22 

22 

48 

Qnira  de  Helena , 

180 

HalmpA , . , 

20,  n4 

90,657 
18 

275 

3,081 
8,010 

7 

CitvofHabana 

IfiladePinoe 

Jamco 

37 
8 

0 

Madrnga 

23 

Managoa 

5 

196 

20 

57 

Helena  del  Sur 

18 

NneTaPaz 

48 
14 

46 

Pipian.-^ 

2 

Qnivican 

IX 

R^u^.:.. /.::::..:::::..:........:" 

10 

m' 

"T 

136 

Satnd                              .     

10 

3 

.    2 

1 

_   1 

53 

4 

Ban  Antonio  de  I09  Banoe  ... 

369 

87 

San  Felipe 

2 

San  Joee  de  las  Lajas 

2 

138 
323 

I 

23 
8 

23 

Sftn  Nl4V)1ii# 

25 

Santa  Cm B  dpi  Nortrft  

10 

Santa  Haria  del  Rosario 

Rantiago  de  las  Vegas                    .  . 

6 
29 

1 

6 
63 

Tapaste 

7 

Vereda  Nneva .......  ... 

13 

The  province 

68,766 

27,728 

22,380 

1,332 

2.982 

4,374 

PROVINC?E  OF  HATANZA8. 


Alacranes 

1.362 

1,879 

966 

445 

4,305 

h,007 

601 

2,199 

976 

1,128 

1,104 

1,534 

964 

1,829 

1,708 

7,561 

5,8V) 

831 

366 

1,462 

610 

804 

975 

972 

566 

892 

1,244 

1,663 

736 

120 

3,094 

g,7S7 

595 

2,168 

964 

789 

1,098 

1.003 

907 

1,666 

1.537 

3.788 

3,2U7 

816 

362 

1,379 

668 

609 

777 

953 

491 

851 

1 
3 

50 

12 

247 

320 

2 

i 

67 

Bolondron 

188 

13 

OherrfMi ,    . 

4 

r>»iA«{ 

4 

124 

118 

1 

1.012 
1.006 

103 

City  of  Cardenas 

159 

Carlos  Rojaa 

5 

Colon 

1 
2 
27 

30 

Onevitas 

3 

296 

Guamacaro 

1 

10 

Jagney  Grande , , 

11 

Jovellanos - ... 

408 

2 

4 

i6 

66 
02 

175 

S6 

31 

Hacagna  .    ....... 

37 

Hacnriges 

66 

43 

Mftrt^ 

78 
84 
69 

31 

Matanwhi 

City  of  Matanzaa 

Haximo Gnni«a5 r        ,  .  .   „ .,  . . 

3,231 
8,918 

288 

265 
16 

Hendez  Capote 

1 

4 

Pkilmillas 

1 

4 
33 
9 
3 

5 

57 

21 

Perioo 

9 

Boqne 

70 

116 

gabanilla 

189 
5 
68 

^ 

1,600 

7 

flan  JosA  de  los  Ramos 

10 

Santa  Ana 

1 

5 

Union  de  Reyes 

i 

384 

9 

The  province 

36,143 

28,250 

4,967 

033 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


516 


EEPOBT   ON   THE   0EKSU8   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XLl.-~S<mrce  of  water  supply — Ck>ntlniied. 

PROVINCK  OP  PINAB  DEL  RIO. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Distrtct. 

Occu- 
pied 
dwell- 
ings. 

Cistern. 

Aque- 
duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 
stated. 

Artemisa 

Bahla  Honda 

1,608 

433 

468 

969 

1,168 

2,573 

1,406 

2,439 

487 

859 

468 

1.444 

660 

5,706 

1,17« 

767 

406 

266 

2,310 

1,232 

2,720 

1,470 
148 
279 
660 
147 
145 

1,307 

1,418 
402 
149 
217 
216 
176 

1.686 

247 
72 

"% 

279 
254 

19 

4 

11 
72 

78 
256 
111 
818 
997 

956 

82 

208 

248 

1.210 
269 

8,972 

75 

602 

323 

101 

2,225 
927 

2,868 

82 
19 

CabaniM .   .  . .  r r , 

6 

Candelaria 

16 

Consolacion  del  Norte 

1 

3U 

1 

20 

13 

Consolacion  delSur 

1 
22 

42 

Qnanaiav     ..- 

60 

Goane ...... 

45 

Guayabal  ............................ 

8 

J'^i lift'*  Diaz               

7 

LosPalacios....  ........ .... 

8 

Mantna 

8 
6 
18 

17 

16 

Mariel      

•^"m 

17 

PinardelRio          

80 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

$S 

SanCnstobal           

18 

San  Diego  delos  Bafios 

7 

6 

San  Diego  de  Nufies 

San  Juan  y  Martinez 

1 

43 

San  Lnis  7............... 

10 
66 

16 

Vinales 

87 

The  province  .... .......  ...  .. 

27,887 

9,417 

234 

680 

17.237 

469 

PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Clegode  Avila 

Moron 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

Citjf  of  Puerto  Principe. 
Santa  Crux  del  Sur 

The  province 


1.638 
1,480 
1.755 
9,661 

U,861 
866 


15,825 


1,158 

913 

663 

5,447 

g,6SS 

855 


8.536 


112 
62 

844 
2,075 
1,981 

125 


8,206 


843 
458 
216 
1,698 
16 
357 


8,072 


20 

7 

83 

428 

tS9 

19 


606 


PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camajnani 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegos 

City  of  Cienfuegos 

Clfuentes 

Cruces  

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

guemado  de  Ouines 
anchoVeloz 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Grande 

City  of  Sagua  la  Qrande 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 
Sancti  Spiritus 

CityofSancti  Spiritus.., 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  loe  Remedios  . 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  IsaDel  de  las  Lajas — 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

Citu  of  Trinidad 

Yaguajay 

The  province 


715 
1,667 
2,546 
2,467 

993 
1,290 
10,127 
U,967 

720 
1,624 
1,509 
1.218 
2,124 
1,684 
1,298 
1,024 
1,688 
4,109 
i,l>88 
2,108 
5,086 
t,6S7 
1,000 
1.087 
1,069 
2,887 
5,379 
«,7A5 
1,704 
2,064 
4,671 
2,185 
1,647 


66,396 


461 
846 
1,787 
1,953 
847 
1,135 
8,652 

sto 

606 

l.i49 

1,823 

1,001 

1,886 

1,879 

898 

966 

690 

669 

SI 

1,788 

748 

S17 

888 

617 

780 

2,123 

3.933 

1,170 

1.711 

574 

3 

1,241 


35,968 


139 
2 

21 

4 


2,114 

M,10U 


188 
1,436 
1,S09 


1,941 

l,9Si 


5,921 


4 

1,289 

99 

45 

25 

19 

2,715 

S,S5U 

72 

86 

81 

18 

5 

27 

20 

1 

4 

1,675 

898 

19 

208 

9 

1 


64 

269 

t€7 

173 

89 

2,019 

1,909 

25 


8,997 


102 

10 

606 

447 

106 

124 

1,847 

f 

80 

63 

82 

178 

704 

262 

861 

46 

781 

887 

til 

806 

2,186 

I4S7 

100 

462 

260 

565 

1,078 

6 

347 

242 

1,909 

364 


13,404 


9 
20 
33 
18 
13 
12 
299 

m 

7 

76 
23 
21 
29 
16 
24 
U 
26 


41 

68 

ta 

11 
8 
10 
60 
98 
S6 
14 
22 
69 
SO 
17 


1.108 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


DISPOSITION  OP  OABBAGE. 


517 


Table  XLL — Source  of  water  supply — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGK). 

[Fibres  in  italic  are  indaded  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Occu- 
pied 
dwell- 
ings. 

Cistern. 

Aque- 
duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 
stated. 

Alto  Songo 

2,473 
8029 
8,762 
1^149 
1,612 
2,063 
261 
6.827 
6,866 
6,067 
1,806 
6,043 

1,426 
473 
2,349 
8,866 
976 
2.266 
8.024 
7,574 

10 
114 
469 
618 
82 
84 

2 
431 
6 
186 
80 
67 

2.440 
2.659 
3.286 

481 
1,099 
1,951 

244 
2.228 
6,642 
2.648 
i;291 
3,869 

889 
1,319 

213 
2,147 
1427 

928 
2.225 

632 

18S 

21 

Baracoa 

687 

88 

Bayamo 

52 

Campechuela 

15 

427 
2 

15 

Cobre 

19 

Cristo 

7 

Qibara 

1,818 

27 

8,868 

610 

1,487 

pat 

76 

266 

177 

1,816 

86 

16 

23 

21 
21 

1 

1,160 
84 
83 

100 

Gnantananio 

82 

Holgnin.... ..  ....... 

147 

Jignani 

7 

Manzaniilo 

1,168 

J,  155 

17 

8 

a 

77 
2 
2 
96 
96 

79 

City  of  Manzaniilo 

f0 

Mayi^ 

16 

Niquero 

2 

Palma Soriano. ^ 

22 

Pnerto  Padre 

36 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

10 

San  Luis 

23 

Santiago  de  Cnba 

7,125 
7,1*5 

148 

CiTyo/  Santiago  de  Ctiba 

1U7 

The  province 

69,218 

10,713 

8,284 

8,815 

36,068 

838 

Table  XLII. — Disposition  of  garbage, 
[Pignres  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Province. 


Occupied 
dwellings. 


City. 


Private. 


Bum. 


Not 

stated. 


Habana 

CHty  of  Habana 

Matanzas. 

PlnardelRIo 

Puerto  Principe. . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


68.765 
25,080 
36,143 
27,887 
16,826 
66,896 
69,218 


32,168 
t»,768 
18,767 
8,776 
4,980 
18,617 
15,026 


16,648 

U8i 

13,681 

22,992 

8,079 
22,677 

4,260 


262,724 


6,978 

S29 

7,841 

626 

6,779 

23,028 

39,106 


84,355 


2,966 

904 

494 

487 

1,176 


6,858 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


District. 

Occupied 
dwellings. 

City. 

Private. 

Bum. 

Not 
stated. 

Agnacate . ........ 

636 

1.487 

3118 

977 

921 

1,043 

755 

189 

651 

883 

3,672 

2,m 

816 

2,268 

2,087 

26,002 

96,080 

546 

886 

746 

468 

1,159 

624 

267 
6 

271 
1,378 
174 
289 
521 
160 
446 
61 
283 
318 
749 
180 
94 
1,618 
1,160 
949 
t^ 
342 
672 
832 
820 
160 
198 

8 

Ahinizar     .... .■.^- 

1 
133 
248 

26 
6 
153 
187 
100 

84 
639 
188 
213 
556 
4 
499 
St9 
185 

48 
107 

108 

BftTnoa     .,. -..,--- 

1 

Bataban6   

470 
862 
864 

20 

Banta 

Bejucal 

12 
24 

Cano                                            

L56 

Casiguas ........ 

1 

Catalina... 

Ceibadel  Agua 

134 

34 
31 

Qnanabacoa      ^  ... 

2,063 
f,060 

61 

686 

23,023 

f«,75S 

8 

109 

290 

141 

832 

221 

City  of  Guanabacoa .............. 

186 

Ouara. 

8 

Gttinee 

48 

Guira  de  Helena 

228 

HaWna                                              

1,631 

City  of  Habana 

IMl 

IsladePinos - 

11 

Jaruco 

6 

Mad  ruga 

ManaiTua 

16 

7 

Mnrianao       

119 
406 

48 

Helena  del  Sur 

18 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


518 


BEPOBT   OK   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XLll.—Disposition  of  garbage— Coniinued, 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA-Continned. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  distriot.] 


District. 


NeuvaPaz 

PipUn 

Qiiivic4n 

Kegla 

SaJud 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas. 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos 

San  Felipe 

San  Jos6  de  las  Lajas 

banNicoUs 

Santa  Cmz  del  Norte 

Santa  Maria  del  Hosario . 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

VeredaNneya 

The  province 


Occupied 
dwellings. 


1.508 
187 
494 

1,707 
578 
885 

2,280 
412 
880 
857 
638 
544 

1,680 
312 
450 


58,755 


City. 


2 
1,600 


82.163 


PHvate. 


370 


372 
4 

563 
313 
866 
260 
285 
550 
247 
307 
1,888 
132 
433 


16,648 


Bom. 


1,172 

185 

107 

20 

1 

48 
0 
147 
550 
282 
377 
118 
158 

m 

16 


6,978 


Not 
stated. 


47 
2 

13 

U4 

0 

4 

85 
2 

85 

25 

U 
6 

64 
7 

10 


2,966 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAa 


Alacranes 

Bolondr6n 

Cabezas 

Canasi 

C&rdenas  

Cityof  Cdrdena*  . . 

Carlos  Kojas 

Col6n 

Cnevitas 

Guamacaro 

Jttgttey  Grande 

Joveilnnos 

Macagna 

Macuriges 

Marti 

Matanzas 

City  of  Matanzcu . . 

Maxim  o-G6mez 

M^ndez  Capote 

Palmillaa 

Perico 

Roqne 

fcJabanilla 

San  Josd  de  Ioh  Ram(» 

Santa  ^na 

Qni6n  de  Reyes 

The  province  — 


1,362 

1,879 

986 

445 

4,306 

U,007 

601 

2,109 

976 

1,123 

1,104 

1,684 

964 

1,829 

1,708 

7.561 

S,8»} 

831 

366 

1,462 

010 

804 

975 

972 

565 


208 
745 


141 
3.2D5 

3,167 


840 
177 


84 
721 


650 


5,332 

277 


144 

311 

40 


70 
540 


36,143 


13,767 


475 
914 
417 
140 
643 
S76 
300 
722 
712 
700 
809 
426 
349 
727 
1,878 
1,171 
SOi 
401 
142 
1,025 
216 
546 
545 


13,631 


610 
207 
565 

147 
138 
S70 
206 
560 
80 
80 
101 
856 
578 
410 
235 
840 
179 
137 
280 
271 
74 
125 
422 
727 
167 
107 


7,841 


00 
13 
4 

8 
100 
10k 

5 
78 

7 
11 
10 
32 
37 
83 
06 
218 
fOO 
16 

4 
21 

0 
08 

6 
10 

5 

9 


804 


PROVINCE  OP  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 

ArtemisA ,,.,,,,., ^  , 

1.608 

433 

468 

989 

1.158 

2,673 

1,406 

2,430 

487 

369 

468 

1.444 

660 

6,706 

i,m 

767 

408 

255 

2,310 

hZVi 

2,720 

485 

1,009 

327 

262 

974 

1,144 

2,217 

415 

2,366 

3U 

352 

280 

1.304 

323 

4,510 

51 

650 

330 

225 

2.288 

1,018 

2,621 

17 
87 

n4 

32 

Bahia  Honda 

19 

Cabaiias 

86 

6 

Candelaria  .  .  .        - .. 

15 

Cons61aci6n  del  Norte 

u 

Cons61aci6n  del  Sur 

268 
942 

67 

2 
27 

41 

GnanaJav  .    ... - 

49 

Guane ». - 

66 

Guayabal        --  - 

140 

3 

Julian  Diaz  .. .                  -  .      ,, .. 

7 

Los  Palacios     

167 

9 

34 

118 

17 

8 

M&ntua 

16 

Mariel    

202 

1.088 

1,088 

196 

64 

17 

Pinar  del  Rio 

82 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

55 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafios 

8 

18 
14 

San  DieflTO  de  Nnfiez 

29 

1 

San  Jnan  y  Btartinez 

47 

San  Luis.       ..... 

148 

50 
61 

16 

Vifialee 

88 

The  province 

27.887 

3.770 

22,092 

625 

404 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


DISPOSITION   OF  OABBAOE. 


519 


Tablr  XLII, ^Diapantion  of  garbage — Continaed. 

PEOVmCB  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  inoladed  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 


Ciego  de  Avila 

Mor6n 

Nneyitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  of  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

The  province 


Occupied 
dwelungs. 


1,683 
1,430 
1.756 
9,651 
h,861 
856 


16,325 


City. 


204 


270 
4,497 

A,AP7 


4,060 


Private. 


755 
810 
365 
1,100 
111 
40 


3,070 


Bum. 


655 

612 

1.070 

3,640 

SO 

7se 


6,770 


Not 
stated. 


10 

8 

82 

406 

905 


487 


PEOVINCB  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartagena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegoe 

City  of  CienfuegoM 

Cifuentes 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas 

Quemadoe  de  OCUnes 

RanchoVelos 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua la Orande 

City  of  ScMua  la  Orande  . 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. . 
Sancti-Spiritus 

City  of  Sancti'Spiritut  , . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando ^ 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedion . . . 
Santa  Clara 

Citu  of  Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  — 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad. 


City  of  Trinid(td.. 
aja] 


Yaguajay 


The  province . 


57 
376 

1,117 

1.278 

84 

237 

1,087 
267 
872 
502 
768 
210 

1,066 
025 
787 
106 
473 

1.442 
S95 

1,713 

1,281 
SOS 
878 
63 
388 
650 

1,000 
89 
554 

1,358 
740 
lUl 

1,400 


28,677 


140 
1.800 
860 
806 
800 
3,450 
97 
106 
710 
721 
743 
610 
626 
588 
680 
802 
648 
itu 
218 
1,536 

106 
1,016 


1,116 
S57 
060 
888 

2,297 
559 
221 


23,026 


10 
23 
80 
16 
13 
166 
146 
59 
7 
24 
23 
21 
28 
16 
28 
16 
25 
167 
£8 
58 
57 
U 
13 
8 
12 
51 
96 
57 
18 
22 
69 
SO 
17 


1,176 


PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO. 


Alto  Songo 

2,473 
3,020 
3,752 
1.140 
1,612 
2,063 

251 
6,327 
5,866 
6,067 
1,808 
6,043 
2,98: 
1,426 

478 
2.840 
3,865 

076 
2,265 
8,024 
7,57U 

311 

10 
310 

68 
851 
400 
1 
658 
242 
477 
124 
121 

56 
283 

14 
1.t6 
310 
2 
288 
111 
111 

2,141 
3,106 
2,7n 
1,063 
1,186 
1,644 
242 
3.801 
4,187 

4,m 

1,678 

2,048 

62 

1,073 

200 
2,171 
2,737 

064 
1,510 

853 

m 

21 

Baracoa - 

776 
600 

88 

Rayamo  r , . . ,  r  --.-.,-, 

58 

Campechuela ,,.,., 

18 

Caney 

110 

16 

Cobre  - 

10 

Criato                                

8 

Oibara 

770 

1,346 

761 

08 

Guantanamo 

81 

Holguin.... 

75 

Jiguani 

6 

2,834 

S,83U 
56 
158 

140 

City  of  Mansanillo 

SO 

Mayan 

14 

Niguero 

2 

F^lina floriano         ,t,    ,- 

22 

Puerto  Padre 

261 

88 

Sagua  do  T&namo  

10 

Sam  Luis 

430 
6,015 

t;,9i5 

23 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba 

146 

The  province  -. 

59,218 

15,088 

4,260 

39,106 

826 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


520 


REPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XijDI,—I>i8po9ition  of  excreta, 
[V\gnre«  in  Italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  proyinoe  or  district] 


Province. 


Occnpied 
dwellings. 


Cesspool 


Sewer. 


None. 


Not 
stated. 


Habana 

City  of  Hctbana 

Matansas 

Pinardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe . . .  . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


68.756 
95,090 
86.143 
27,887 
15.826 
66,896 
69,218 


29,8B8 
10,866 
17.617 
6.663 
6.0M 
80,780 
20,809 


12.189 
If,  015 
843 
20 
11 
475 
166 


12.684 
610 
16.762 
21,606 
8.770 
82,200 
87,267 


262,724 


110,6 


18.644 


129,246 


4.000 

1,6U1 

1,021 

701 

600 

i.oas 

896 


9,140 


PEOVINCE  OP  HABANA. 


DistHot. 

Occnpied 
dwellings. 

Cesspool 

Sewer. 

None. 

Not 
stated. 

Agnacate ......p..... ...... 

686 

1,487 
806 
977 
921 

1,048 
756 
189 
551 
888 

8,672 

t^m 

816 
2,268 
2.087 
26,002 

ts.oso 

546 
885 

745 
468 

1,169 
624 

1,696 
187 
494 

1,707 
578 
865 

2,289 
412 
880 
857 
686 
644 

1,620 
812 
459 

844 
580 
51 
618 
454 
880 
288 
61 
220 
109 

2,417 

2,119 
194 

1.489 
776 
11,889 
10,866 
211 
288 
466 
120 
997 
875 
722 
185 
869 

1.552 
185 
116 

1,600 
257 
894 
881 
280 
273 

1,886 
82 
188 

1 

21 
678 
266 
815 
462 
168 
860 

170 

Amnizar      

234 

Bainoa              -              -.  ...       ....... 

1 

3atabano r 

18 
2 

1 

26 

Banta 

13 

Bejncal 

44 

Qiuxo             - .... 

157 

Casignas  

128 

Catiklina          - 

274 
246 
1,017 
«7 
116 
718 
928 
968 
610 
819 
545 
82 
841 
100 
158 
687 

57 

Ceibadel  Agoa 

20 

OnanftbacoA              ^  a^. 

17 

IS 

231 

City  of  Ouan<zb<icoa   ............    .. 

185 

Qnara 

6 

Guinea                  ........................ 

7 
1 
12,029 
18,018 
5 
1 

54 

Ouirade  Meleua 

33S 

flabana ..r  ....r^.... 

1.631 

Cityof  Habana 

1,5U1 

Tff1f^<iePfnn« 

11 

Jamco 

6 

Madruga    ..             

197 

Managua 

Ifarianao 

1 
28 

1 
2 

6 
89 

MelenadelSnr 

90 

Nueva  Pax , ^ ,  n ,  - 

237 

pipian                                   

2 

Quivlcan..^....  .^.^^ 

112 
26 
879 
241 
093 
158 
451 
445 
893 
264 
280 
270 
809 

13 

fiegla 

11 

118 

8amd .• 

9 

San  Antonio  de las  Vegas ... 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos 

4 

5 

4 
91 

SanFelipe      

2 

Ban  Jose  de  1iui  Tiaias   .                   .      .. 

86 

Ban  Nicolas  

2 

2 

1 
1 
8 

1 

29 

Banta  Cruz  del  Norte 

11 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario 

6 

Santiago  d©  las  Vegas 

68 

Tapasto .". 

7 

Vereda  Nueva . , 

11 

The  province 

58,755 

29,802 

12,189 

12,684 

4.000 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Alacranes...... 

1,362 
1,879 

066 

446 
4,896 
A,  007 

601 
2,109 

976 
1,128 
1,104 
1,584 

964 
1,829 
1,708 
7,561 
5,890 

871 

764 

216 

147 

8,548 

8,605 

175 

1,424 

811 

857 

291 

1.016 

182 

809 

231 

4,900 

U,596 

7 

4 

913 
1,097 
053 
294 
607 
966 
419 
737 
657 
750 
799 
3S3 
744 
986 
1,441 
1,787 
U9 

71 

Bolondron 

14 

f^bezas ,            .,    . 

U8 

Canasi 

8 
134 

199 

1 

1 

Cardenas 

lU 

Citu  of  Cardenas 

107 

Carlos  Rojas.... - 

6 

Colon. 

88 

Cuevitas              ..        .... ,. 

1 
6 
8 
6 

7 

Ouamacaro , , . , 

10 

Jamiev  Orandft 

11 

Jovellanos 

120 

MacagUA                 

88 

Macuriges 

84 

Marti.    

5 

048 
6UU 

81 

Matanzas                                   

28S 

City  of  Matanxaa 

908 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


DISPOSITION   OF   EXOKETA. 


521 


Table  XhlII,'--Di8po8ition  of  excreta^Contmned, 

PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAS-Contlinjed. 

[Fiffures  in  italic  are  inolnded  In  thoee  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 


Maximo  Oomez 

Mendez  Capote 

PalmUlas 

Perico 

Roqne 

RabanUla 

San  Joee  de  IO0  Ramos 

Santa  Ana > 

Union  de  Reyes 

TbeproTinoe 


Ooenpied 
dwellings. 


881 
966 
1,46S 
610 
804 
975 
972 
665 


86,148 


Cesspool. 


467 
886 
185 
888 

411 
84 
680 


17,617 


Sewer. 


843 


None. 


5:24 
317 
965 
215 
576 
580 
548 
470 
800 


16,762 


Not 
stated. 


16 
4 

23 

10 

91 

7 

11 

5 

9 


1.021 


PROVINCE  OP  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


ArtemifPA  ...... .................. .t..,,.. 

1,606 
488 

468 

989 

1,158 

2.573 

1406 

2,439 

487 

369 

468 

1,444 

660 

6,706 

1,179 

767 

406 

255 

2,310 

1232 

2,720 

647 
188 

50 
821 

69 
434 
984 

81 
161 
111 
110 

48 

308 

1,144 

1,106 

136 

49 

8 

289 

188 

243 

2 

810 

226 

410 

606 

1.074 

2,097 

376 

2,311 

322 

241 

365 

1,372 

835 

4,454 

tl 

613 

322 

246 

1,974 

1,021 

2,437 

144 

BnbiR  Honda ,  -  „ , ,  ^ , .  „ ,  _  _ 

19 

Cabanas ^ 

Cand^laria 

2 

6 

60 

Consolacion  del  Norte 

1 

1 

14 

Consolacion  del  Snr... 

41 

Qnanaj  A7 

49 

Guane 

47 

Qnayabal 

1 

8 

Julian  Diaz 

7 

Los  Palacioe 

8 

Mantua .... 

1 

23 

Mi^rioi    

22 

Pip^r  4lt»1  Fin                

9 
S 

1 
1 

99 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

tti 

SanCnstobal 

18 

36 

San  Dif^go de  Nunez 

1 

San  Juab  y  Martinez 

San  Luis 

1 

46 
23 

Vinales 

40 

The  province 

27,887 

5,563 

20 

21,606 

701 

PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciegro  de  Avila 

Moron 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

City  of  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

The  province 


1,683 
1,430 
1,756 
9.651 
U,861 
856 


15,325 


800 
1,286 
8,769 
5,575 

212 


6.044 


1,082 

1,121 

481 

5,465 

l,i68 
621 


8,770 


19 
9 


416 

217 


500 


PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camajuani 

Cartaffena 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cienfuegos 

City  of  Cienfuegos 

Cifuentes 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Plaoetas 

Quemado  de  Ouines 

Rancho  Veloz 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Saffua  la  Qrande 

City  of  Saoua  la  Grande 
San  Antoinio  de  las  Vueltas. 


715 
1,667 
2,546 
2,467 

993 

1.290 

10,127 

4.Ptf7 

726 
1,624 
1,509 
1,218 
2.124 
1,684 
1,298 
1,024 
1,688 
4.1U9 
t,U88 
2,1U8 


846 

3 

356 

10 

1,276 

14 

335 

42 

585 

8 

1.922 

81 

1.056 

3 

1,383 

25 

213 

1 

765 

14 

386 

4 

817 

83 

6.487 

213 

3,328 

149 

U,69i 

too 

11! 

6S 

295 

4 

116 

811 

1,174 

6 

419 

25 

864 

5 

1,117 

23 

851 

2 

842 

23 

830 

5 

1.259 

80 

312 

5 

1,350 

17 

239 

8 

1.032 

24 

595 

3 

310 

107 

759 

4 

897 

28 

2,850 

117 

841 

801 

«,f55 

105 

m 

54 

400 

1 

1,638 

56 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


522 


BBPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Tablb  XLni. — Diapotition  of  exere/a— Con tintied. 

PBOVmCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA-Contiiined. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  indadad  in  thoee  tor  the  province  or  distriet] 


District. 


Occnpied 
dwellings. 


CesspooL 


Sewer. 


None. 


Not 
sUted. 


Sancti  Spiritns 

City  of  Sancti  SpirituM 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando. w 

San  Jnan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Jnan  de  los  ReniMdios 
Santa  Clara 

City  of  Santa  Clara . . . 
Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  . 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

Citv  of  Trinidad 

Yagnajay 

The  province 


5,085 
g,687 
1,000 
1,057 
1,060 
2,8b7 
6,879 
f,7A5 
1,70« 
2,064 
4,571 
2,186 
1,547 


2,40 

110 

247 

160 

1,57» 

2,185 

1,073 

075 

540 

2.606 

a,  lot 

717 


13 


2,638 
A57 
878 
818 
887 
087 

8,028 
S90 
708 

1.884 

1,886 

51 

806 


56,885 


30,780 


476 


32,208 


12 
8 
13 
ftl5 
121 
£0 
15 
88 
74 
SO 
21 


PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO. 


AltoSongo 

Baracoa 

Bayamo 

Campecbnela , 

Caney 

Cobre 

Cristo 

Oibara 

Onantanamo 

Holgnin 

Jiguani 

Manzanillo 

City  of  MantaniUo 

Mayairi. 

Niqaero 

Palma  Soriano 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagna  de  Tanamo 

San  Luis , 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cttba 

The  province 


2,478 
3,828 
3,762 
1,148 
1,512 
2,053 

261 
6.827 
5,865 
5,067 
1,806 
5,043 
t,98i 
1.425 

473 
2,348 
3,856 

875 
2.266 
8,024 
7.^74 


60,218 


348 
770 
632 
383 

486 

178 

151 

2.166 

2.362 

1,322 

185 

2.854  , 

«,7S7  I 

80 

167 

257 

708 

226 

510 

7,045 

7,045 


20,888 


156 


2.108 

3,111 

3,163 

800 

1,005 
1,856 
88 
3.087 
3,352 
4,506 
1,505 
2,861 

ISt 
1,318 

811 
2,068 
2,511 

704 
1,528 

730 


87,257 


42 

65 

15 

15 

20 

7 

lOB 

131 

70 

6 

85 

Xt 

17 

2 

M 

88 

47 

24 

170 

169 


805 


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AGBICULTUBE.  528 


AGRICULTURE. 

The  statistics  of  agriculture  were  collected  by  the  enumerators  of 
population  on  special  schedules  prepared  for  the  purpose.  Much 
difficulty  was  experienced  in  visiting  the  farms  and  plantations,  and 
more  in  obtaining  the  information  required,  as  many  of  them  had  been 
abandoned  since  early  in  the  war,  and  the  occupants  of  others  knew 
but  little  of  the  metes  and  bounds  of  the  area  under  cultivation 
or  the  amount  uncleared.  Inquiries  of  neighbors,  such  a  prolific 
source  of  rural  census  facts  in  closely  settled  communities,  could  not 
be  made  where  neighbors  did  not  exist,  or  where  they  were  inaccessi- 
ble because  of  impassable  streams  and  ravines.  In  many  instances 
the  enumerators  were  compelled  to  travel  miles  beyond  ordinary 
limits,  only  to  find  devastation  and  uninhabited  ruins.  Another  cause 
tending  to  complicate  the  schedules  and  pervert  the  facts  was  the 
large  number  of  small  parcels  into  which  many  of  the  farms  and  plan- 
tations had  been  divided,  so  as  to  avoid  the  taxes  levied  even  on  the 
smallest  subdivision  ($5),  and  the  relatively  large  number  of  tenants 
or  owners  whose  occupancy  was  purely  nominal  or  temporary,  and 
who  were  unable  to  answer  questions.  However,  by  dint  of  perse- 
verance these  and  other  difficulties  were  surmounted,  and  the  sched- 
ules were  all  I'etilmed,  though  many  of  them  were  more  or  less 
defective. 

Cuba  is  essentially  an  agricultural  country,  and  prior  to  the  last  war 
there  were  nearly  a  hundred  thousand  (90,960)  plantations,  farms, 
orchards,  and  cattle  ranges,  valued  at  220,000,000  pesos  ($200,000,000). 
Of  manufactories  there  were  practically  none,  if  we  except  the  cigar 
factories  and  the  sugar  mills,  producing  raw  sugar,  molasses,  and 
rum. 

In  early  colonial  days  the  principal  industry  was  cattle  raising, 
very  little  attention  being  paid  to  agriculture  for  two  hundred  and  fifty 
years  after  the  settlement  of  the  island..  The  chief  agricultural  prod- 
ucts of  Cuba  are  sugar,  tobacco,  and  fruit,  although  the  cultivation 
of  oranges  for  exportation  has  been  generally  abandoned  since  the 
development  of  orange  cultivation  in  Florida  and  California.  Very 
little  more  coffee  is  cultivated  than  is  required  for  home  consumption, 
although  it  was  once  a  promising  industry.  The  soil  and  climate  of  the 
eastern  provinces  are  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  coffee  berry  and 
it  is  said  to  equal  in  flavor  the  best  coffee  of  the  West  India  Islands.  No 
doubt  coffee  culture  will  again  be  revived  and  extensively  developed, 
and  we  may  expect  in  Cuba  a  rival  in  the  cultivation  of  oranges, 
limes,  lemons,  olives,  pineapples,  cocoanuts,  and  many  other  fruits, 
and  all  kinds  of  vegetables,  the  latter  being  of  almost  perennial 
growth,  as  in  California,  where  one  crop  succeeds  another. 

Oranges  will  grow  everywhere,  and  are  unrivaled  in  flavor,  deli- 


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524  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

cacy,  and  the  amount  of  jiiice.  While  the  banana  is  also  found  in 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  island,  the  largest  and  best  banana  farms  are 
said  to  be  in  Puerto  Princii)e  and  Santiago,  where,  before  the  last 
war,  they  were  raised  in  large  quantities  and  shipped  to  the  United 
States. 

Of  all  her  agricultural  products  the  leading  ones,  and  those  on  which 
the  wealth  of  Cuba  has  mainly  depended,  are  sugar  and  tobacco. 

SUGAB. 

Velasquez,  the  first  lieutenant-governor  of  Cuba,  is  said  to  have 
introduced  the  sugar  cane  in  1523,  although  its  cultivation  was  quite 
limited  for  many  years.  At  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
with  a  population  in  the  neighborhood  of  50,000,  Cuba  had  100  sugar 
plantations,  with  an  average  product  of  about  100  tons  each. 

The  removal  of  trade  restrictions  which  followed  the  British  occu- 
pation of  the  island,  and  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  slave 
trade,  gave  an  impetus  to  the  production  of  sugar,  which  in  1817 
amounted  to  about  70,000  tons.  In  1830  this  had  increased  to  about 
90,000  tons,  in  1840  to  200,000  tons,  and  in  1850  to  300,000  tons,  or 
about  one-fourth  of  the  largest  crop  produced  since. 

In  the  meantime  many  improvements  had  been  made  in  the  mode  of 
culture  of  cane  and  the  manufacture  of  raw  sugar  by  the  use  of  steam 
power  and  the  introduction  of  machinery  of  all  kinds,  including  fur- 
naces, clarifiers,  cane  carriers,  and  railroad  engines  and  cars,  and  miles 
of  track  through  the  fields  for  the  transfer  of  the  cane  to  the  mills. 
With  the  removal  of  excessive  duties  and  trade  restrictions  of  all 
kinds,  further  improvements  will  no  doubt  be  introduced,  and  in 
this  way  the  cost  of  cultivation  sensibly  diminished. 

Sugar  cane  is  reproduced  from  cuttings,  and  takes  about  18  months 
to  mature.  If  the  roots  are  not  damaged  in  harvesting,  the  yield  will 
continue  from  5  to  25  years,  and  Humboldt  mentions  a  cane  field 
on  the  Matamoros  plantation  which,  in  1804,  had  been  planted  45 
years. 

The  crops  vary  from  forty  to  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  arrobas  per 
caballeria,  or  from  12  to  50  tons  per  acre,  and  the  cane  contains  from  18  per  cent 
sngar  in  December  to  18  per  cent  in  March  and  April,  so  the  aim  is  to  begin  the 
cutting  as  late  as  practicable.  The  grinding  season  lasts  from  December  1  to 
May  15.  Very  little  manuring  has  been  done,  and  but  few  fields  are  thoroughly 
cleaned,  plowed,  and  prepared  for  the  cane.  No  irrigation  works  exist,  and  no 
trials  have  yet  been  made  to  determine  the  kind  of  cane  best  suited  to  the  soil  and 
climate.' 

As  showing  the  effects  of  the  recent  war  and  the  present  state  of 
sugar  cultivation  in  Cuba,  the  following  extracts  from  a  report  on  the 
commercial  and  industrial  condition  of  Cuba  made  by  the  Hon. 
Robert  P.  Porter,  special  commissioner  from  the  United  States  to 


'  Report  of  the  British  consul-general  at  Habaua,  in  Clark's  Commercial  Cuba. 

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AGMOULTUBE.  525 

Cuba  in  1898,  are  presented  as  being  practically  a  history  of  sugar 
production  in  the  island.  Mr.  Porter  had  ample  opportunity  to 
investigate  the  subject,  and  the  statements  embodied  in  his  report  are 
from  persons  of  wide  experience  in  the  cultivation  and  manufacture 
of  sugar. 

Mr.  Porter  says: 

With  millions  of  acres  of  the  richest  and  best  cane  land  on  the  globe  yet 
nntonched  by  the  plow,  with  a  climate  onsnrpassed  for  the  growth  and  develop- 
ment of  sugar  cane,  and  with  a  prestige  for  Cuban  sugar  second  to  none  in  the 
markets  of  the  world,  the  future  of  Cubans  sugar  presents  a  possibility  of  wealth 
surpassing  the  richness  of  the  gold  and  silver  which  came  to  Columbus  in  the 
marvelous  tales  of  the  interior  of  the  magnificent  island  which  he  had  discovered. 
Recurring  to  the  effect  of  the  rebellion  of  1895-1898  on  the  sugar  industry,  it  is 
appalling  to  contemplate  the  dreadful  decrease  in  the  country's  chief  source  of 
wealth  and  income  to  the  government,  as  well  as  to  the  individual.    In  1894  the 
output  was  1,054,214  tons,  and  the  following  year,  under  the  first  touch  of  war 
and  its  alarms,  the  crop  dropped  off  50,000  tons,  though  it  remained  still  above 
the  million.    This  was  the  second  year  in  Cuban  sugar  history  that  the  million 
mark  was  passed.    In  1896  the  war  was  raging  all  over  the  Island,  and  with  the 
Spaniards  on  one  side  taking  men  and  cattle  and  the  insurgents  on  the  other 
burning  cane  and  buildings  and  stealing  stock,  the  sugar  planter  was  utterly 
obliterated  in  some  sections,  and  so  badly  crippled  in  others  that  the  output 
reached  only  225,221  tons—the  lowest  figure  known  in  fifty  years.    Nor  was  this 
astonishing  decrease  a  matter  of  gradual  accomplishment,  permitting  the  country, 
the  business,  and  the  people  to  accommodate  themselves  to  the  changed  conditions, 
but  it  happened  almost  in  a  night,  and  an  income  from  sugar  of  $80,000,000 
a  year  dwindled  on  the  instant  to  $16,000,000,  a  loss  of  $64,000,000  at  once  as  the 
result  of  Spanish  mismanagement. 

As  a  cane-sugar  producing  country,  nature  has  made  Cuba  superior  to  any  com- 
petitor which  may  appear;  but  all  sugar  does  not  come  from  cane,  and  since  1840, 
when  the  first  record  of  beet  sugar  appeared,  with  50,000  tons  for  the  year's  out- 
put for  the  world,  as  against  1,100,000  tons  of  cane  sugar,  about  200,000  tons  of 
which  was  raised  in  Cuba,  the  sugar  growers  of  the  island  have  had  their  only 
dangerous  rival.  Beginning  with  the  small  production  of  50,000  tons  in  1840, 
principally  grown  in  France,  the  beet-sugar  production  increased  rapidly  in 
Europe,  reaching  200.000  tons  in  1850,  400,00(V  tons  in  1860,  900,000  tons  in  1870, 
1,860,000  tons  in  1880,  and  in  1894  going  to  8,841,000  tons.  Cane  sugar  in  the  mean- 
time only  increased  from  1,100,000  to  2.960,000  metric  tons.  Cuba  in  1895  only 
produced  100,000  tons  less  than  the  world's  entire  output  of  all  kinds  of  sugar  in 
1840.  The  total  output  of  beet  and  cane  sugars  in  1893-94  was  6,801,000  metric 
tons.  The  United  States  in  1894  produced  272,838  tons  of  cane  sugar,  20,219  tons 
beet  sugar,  894  tons  sorghum  sugar,  and  3,408  tons  of  maple  sugar. 

With  the  growth  of  sugar  production  in  Cuba  have  come  newer  and  better 
methods;  and  whereas  in  1825  the  largest  plantations  rarely  exceed  1,500  acres  in 
extent,  producing  only  350  tons  per  year,  with  a  total  value  of  land,  buildings, 
machinery,  stock,  and  slaves,  of,  say,  $500,000,  with  aggregate  revenue  of,  say, 
$60,000,  and  expenses  of  $30,000,  leaving  a  profit  of  $30,000.  In  these  later  times 
there  are  plantations  of  25,000  acres,  representing  an  investment  of  $2,000,000, 
with  an  annual  revenue  of  $1,000,000,  expenses,  say,  of  $800,000,  leaving  a  profit  of 
$200,000  per  year.  Contrasting  the  earlier  figures  with  these  later  estimates,  a 
profit  of  10  per  cent  is  shown  in  1894  as  against  6  per  cent  in  1825. 


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526  BEFOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899, 


Statement  of  Mb.  £.  F.  Atkins. 

The  total  output  of  sugar  in  the  world  was  for  some  years  in  excess  of  the  require- 
ments for  consumption.  This  overproduction,  and  consequent  accumulation  of 
stocks,  brought  prices  down  to  a  point  which,  in  all  probability,  was  considerably 
below  the  average  cost  of  production. 

Germany,  as  the  largest  sugar-producing  country,  naturally  fixes  the  market 
prices  of  the  world.  The  refiner  in  New  York  will  pay  no  more  for  sugars  to  be 
8hipi>ed  from  Ebibana  than  the  equivalent  of  the  price  at  which  he  can  buy  at 
Hamburg;  difference  of  freight,  duties,  bounties,  and  quality,  of  course,  considered. 

The  present  average  cost  of  production  of  German  raw  sugar  is  said  to  be  about 
9  shillings  per  1 12  poun4s.  At  this  figore  the  existing  bounty  upon  exports  would 
allow  sales  for  shipment  to  England,  where  no  duty  is  paid,  as  low  as  8  shillings 
($1.71 )  per  1 1 2  pounds  for  88  analysis  beets;  this,  allowing  for  difference  in  values  of 
the  two  grades,  would  be  equivalent  to  $1.89  United  States  currency  for  96  test  Cuba 
centrifugals  under  like  conditions,  viz,  f.  o.  b.  at  port  of  shipment,  for  any  country 
such  as  England,  where  the  two  grades  enter  upon  equal  terms. 

The  effect  of  our  countervailing  duty  assessed  upon  bounty-fed  sugars  under 
the  Dingley  act  of  1897  has  been  to  raise  the  comparative  value  of  cane  sugar  in 
producing  countries  as  against  beet  sugar,  and  to  place  Germany  and  other 
European  sugar  countries  in  exactly  the  same  position,  as  far  as  the  United  States 
market  is  concerned,  as  if  no  bounties  were  paid  by  them;  thus,  in  considering 
Germany's  competition  with  Cuba  in  the  United  States  market «  we  may  eliminate 
both  bounties  and  countervailing  duties  as  factors  and  say  that  when  Oermany 
can  sell  to  EiUgland  at  8  shillings  she  niust  obtain  9  shilling!^  from  the  United 
States  to  give  her  shippers  an  equal  price;  9  shillings  is  equivalent  to  about  $2.18 
United  States  currency,  for  Cuba  centrifugals.  96  test  f .  o.  b.  Cuba. 

The  export  price  of  German  sugar  at  Hamburg  from  January  1  to  June  1, 18d8 
(a  period  covering  the  Cuban  sugar  crop  season),  ranged  from  i)s.  to  9s.  9d.,  with 
an  average  of  about  9s.  4^d. 

Last  crop  prices  gave  the  Cuban  manufacturers  an  average  of  about  4i  reals 
per  arroba— say,  2i  cents  Spanish  gold— a  price  at  which  they  could  be  laid  down 
in  New  York,  slightly  under  the  parity  of  European  beets,  duty  paid. 

The  imports  of  beet  sugar  from  Europe  into  the  United  States  from  January  1 
to  June  1,  1898.  were  22,000  tons,  against  4il6.000  for  same  period  of  previous 
years,  while  imports  of  cane  sugary  showed  an  increase  of  some  60.000  tons,  this 
change  in  source  of  supply  being  brought  about  by  the  countervailing  duty. 

It  is  not  possible  to  give  any  figures  of  the  average  cost  of  production  in  Cuba. 
In  my  opinion  it  is  undoubtedly  higher  than  the  average  of  Gtomany. 

Of  the  2i  cents  net  obtained  by  the  Cuban  manufacturers  the  cane  (which  is 
generally  purchased  upon  its  sliding  scale  lased  upon  the  current  value  of  sugar) 
costs  them  from  1  to  U  oents  per  pound  of  sugar,  according  to  yie'd  at  various 
factories.  This  would  leave  them  but  a  little  over  1  cent  per  pound  average 
margin  to  cover  manufacturing  expenses,  salaries,  maintenance  and  repairs, 
office  expenses,  interest,  insurance,  and  freight  to  seaboard;  and  .while  some  facto- 
ries, thoroughly  equipped  as  regards  machinery,  skillfully  conducted  as  to  busi- 
ness management,  favorably  located  regarding  inland  transportation,  and  not 
dependent  upon  borrowed  capital,  have  shown  fair  interest  returns  upon  capital 
invested,  very  many  have  been  operated  at  a  loss,  aside  from  such  losses  as  arose 
from  the  war.  and  the  margin  of  profit,  both  past  and  prospective,  is  not  such  as 
invite  any  large  investment  of  new  capital  in  sugar  manufacturing. 

The  future  values  of  sugar  in  Cuba  are  dependent,  not  upon  the  cost  of  prodao- 
tion  in  that  island,  but  rather  upon  the  cost  in  Germany  and  to  the  extent  to 
which  free  sugars  are  to  l)e  admitted  into  the  United  States  from  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  Porto  Rico,  and  the  Philippines. 


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AGRICULTURE. 


527 


With  new  capital  and  skill  the  average  coet  of  prodnction  in  Cnba  can  be  rednced, 
and  with  either  free  sugars  or  a  uniform  rate  of  duty  in  the  United  States  assessed 
upon  all  sugars  (a  countervailing  duty  to  offset  foreign  bounties  always  main- 
tained) ,  she  can  hold  her  own  and  recover  her  prestige  as  a  sugar-producing  coun- 
try, but  the  margin  of  profit  in  sugar  manufacturing  is  so  small  and  the  world's 
capacity  for  production  so  great  that  Cuba  can  not  recover  her  prosperity  in  the 
face  of  any  advantage  to  be  given  to  sugars  from  other  countries  entering  the 
United  States. 

At  current  prices  in  Cuba,  cane  is  worth  to  the  planter  the  equivalent  of  $2 
($2.50  i>er  net  ton),  out  of  which  price  he  must  pay  for  his  planting  and  cultiva- 
tion, cutting,  and  delivery  to  the  factory  or  nearest  railroad  point.  As  the  cost  of 
cane  production  consists  almost  entirely  of  labor  and  wages  in  Cuba,  and  for  some 
years  previous  to  the  insurrection  ranged  about  the  same  in  Si>ani8h  gold  as  similar 
work  commanded  in  the  United  States,  the  profits  in  this  branch  of  the  industry 
have  not  been  great,  and  have  been  dependent  upon  skill  in  management,  quality 
of  lands,  and  proximity  to  the  factories. 

The  supply  of  labor  and  rates  of  wages  in  the  future  are  now  most  serious  ques- 
tions to  the  sugar  producer  in  Cuba,  and  present  the  greatest  obstacle  to  reducing 
coat. 

For  supplies  of  cane  the  manufacturer  must  depend  either  upon  his  own 
resources  or  upon  large  planters. 

Factories  to  be  operated  at  a  profit  should  be  kept  running  day  and  night,  and 
cane,  owing  to  its  nature,  must  be  ground  immediately  it  is  cut. 

The  grinding  season  in  Cuba  is  limited  to  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  work- 
ing days,  and  small  farmers,  while  they  can  generally  find  a  market  for  their  cane, 
can  not  be  depended  upon  for  a  constant  regular  supply. 

Had  Cuba  the  power  to  dictate  her  own  prices  she  could  maintain  sufficient 
margin  to  overcome  local  difficulties,  but  that  power  has  long  since  passed  and 
future  profits  must  be  dependent  upon  her  economies. 

The  price  of  cane  to  her  planters  is  dependent  upon  the  price  at  which  her  man- 
ufacturers can  sell  their  sugar,  and  this  price  in  turn  is  dependent  upon  the  figures 
at  which  other  sugar-producing  countries  (principally  Germany,  the  great  factor 
in  the  world's  sugar  trade)  can  place  their  goods,  duty  pa'd,  in  New  York. 

If  Cuba  in  the  future  should  have  to  compete  to  any  extent  in  the  United  States 
with  free  sugar  from  other  countries,  while  a  duty  waa  exacted  upon  Cuban 
sugars,  her  case  would  seem  to  be  hopeless. 


STATEMENT  OF  MR.  WILLIAM  BONNET,  OF  HABANA. 

It  was  only  after  the  loss  of  Mexico  to  Spain  that  Cuba  began  to  improve  her 
general  production,  and  the  efforts  of  the  country  in  growing  sugar  and  coffee 
were  so  successful  that  a  few  years  later,  vnth  the  help  of  slaves  that  were  again 
freely  brought  from  Africa,  and  with  the  cooperation  of  immigrants  that  had 
come  from  Haiti,  etc.,  the  island,  besides  covering  all  her  expenses,  was  able  to 
send  large  amounts  of  money  to  the  mother  country. 

From  1840  up  to  1850  the  production  of  sugar  increased  gradually  from  200,000 
to  about  300,000  tons.  Prices  of  coffee  began  to  decline,  owing  to  excess  of  pro- 
duction and  competition  of  Brazil,  and  all  the  attention  was  given  to  cane  grrow- 
ing,  so  much  so  that  from  1853  up  to  1868  the  production  was  rapidly  increased  to 
the  following  figures: 


Year. 

Tous. 

Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

1866 

1866 

1867 

1888 

Tons. 

1813 

888,000 
874,000 
398,000 

1857 

855,000 
385,000 
636,000 
447,000 

1861 

466,000 
685,000 
607,000 
575,000 

.,      620.000 

1854 

1858 

1868 

612.000 

1856 

1850 : 

1868 

597.000 

18M 

348,000 

1 

\  1860 

1864 

740.000 

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528 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


This  period  of  sixteen  years  was  really  the  so-oalled  golden  age  of  Gnba.  The 
Cuban  people  budgets,  although  very  heavy  at  that  time,  were  easily  covered,  and 
on  this  account  extra  taxes  were  imposed  upon  the  Cuban  people  in  excess  of 
what  the  budgets  called  for  and  remitted  to  the  mother  country,  such  extra  sums 
reaching  as  high  as  $5,000,000  per  annum— an  erroneous  and  fatal  system,  the 
consequence  of  a  mistaken  policy,  which  then  as  ever  led  Spain  to  consider  her 
colony  as  a  source  of  income,  forgetting  that  such  excessive  calls,  constantly 
resulting  in  a  deficit,  clearly  indicate  bad  administration. 

Cuba  was  overtaxed,  and  nothing  was  ,done  to  attend  and  help  the  growing 
development  of  our  fertile  island.  In  vain  did  the  Cubans  lay  their  claims  for 
better  administration.  The  mother  country  was  deaf.  Commissioners  went  to 
Madrid  to  represent,  but  they  had  to  return,  only  bringing  back  many  promises 
that  were  never  fulfilled.  No  hopes  were  left  to  the  Cubans,  and  all  these  obsti- 
nate errors  brought  on  the  outbreak  of  1868,  which  resulted  in  a  civil  war  that 
lasted  ten  years,  ending  in  1878  with  the  so-called  agreement  of  El  Zanjon. 

The  war  at  first  was  not  a  drawback  to  sugar  production,  and  the  crops  gathered 
during  the  ten  years*  war  were: 


Year. 

Tons. 

Yew. 

Tone. 

Year. 

Tons. 

18691      

786.000 
786,000 

1  1878- . 

775,000 
681,000 
718,000 

1876 

680,000 

1870» 

1874- - 

1877.. 
1878.. 

600,000 

1871 ' 

647,000  1  1876.. 
600,000  1 

638,000 

1875J... 

1 

» Called  the  twin  crope. 


*  The  hurricanes  of  October,  1870,  were  the  cause  of  the  short  crop. 


It  is  to  be  noticed  that  during  the  i>eriod  of  war  the  sugar  production  continued 
to  increase  at  first— say,  from  1869  to  1875.  Highly  remunerative  prices  were 
obtained  then  for  sugar;  besides,  from  1869  to  1870>  $70,000,000  in  paper  money 
was  issued,  and  money  was  easy. 

From  1876  to  1878  the  production  rapidly  decreased.  Mismanagement,  enor- 
mous taxes  to  attend  war  expenses,  and  depreciation  of  paper  money  brought  on 
natural  distrust  and  financial  troubles.  And  with  all  this  the  emancipation  of 
slaves  was  carried  through  at  that  time,  and  without  compensation  of  any  kind 
to  owners. 

Prices  of  sugar  up  to  the  year  1880  were  still  quite  remunerative  (4  to  4i  cents 
per  pound,  centrifugals,  96  test),  but  the  competition  of  beet  sugars  in  Europe 
began  to  be  felt  more  and  more  every  day,  causing  a  lower  tendency  toward  the 
crisis  in  prices  of  the  article,  which  finally  reached  a  value  of  only  50  i>er  cent  of 
its  former  (luotation. 

Under  such  difficulties  Cuba  struggled  hard.  The  Cuban  army  that  was  dis- 
banded after  the  war,  and  many  persons  that  had  come  to  town  for  safety,  went 
back  to  work  their  fields  and  become  a  new  contingent  of  cane  growers.  The  sys- 
tem of  cane  colonies  was  started  all  over  with  marked  success.  Canes  were  sold 
to  the  mills  at  quite  remunerative  prices  and  fresh  impulse  was  imparted  to  the 
country. 

In  spite  of  all  these  efforts  Spain  persisted  in  considering  her  colony  as  a  source 
of  income.  Our  deputies  to  the  Cortes  went  full  of  faith,  but  they  came  back 
fruitless,  as  always.  The  same  mistaken  policy  that  ruled  Cuba  before  was  con- 
tinued as  ever,  and  the  outbreak  of  February  24, 1895,  was  the  inevitable  result. 

The  crops  gathered  from  1879  to  this  year  were: 


Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

1879 

670.000 
630,000 
483,000 
606,000 
460,807 

1884 

668,987 
681,000 
731,723 
646,678 
666,719 

1889 

660,333 
632,368 
816,980 
976,960 
816,894 

1894 

1885    

1.064.214 

1880 

,  1885 

1880 

1,004,254 

1881 

1886 

1891 

1896 

m,m 

1882 

1887 

1892 

18W 

212,051 

1883 

1888 

1803 

1898 

>aoo;ooo 

» Abont. 


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AGBIOULTUBE.  529 

Notice  the  decrease  in  the  prodnctioD  in  the  year  1896.  We  conld  have  ground 
that  year  more  than  1 ,100,000  tons  of  sngar  had  it  not  been  for  the  war. 

The  amount  of  the  coming  crop  will  depend  on  the  greater  celerity  that  is  to  be 
g:iyen  to  the  so- wished- for  political  change.  Any  delay  will  be  of  prejudice  to  all 
onr  producers.  The  prox)er  season  for  cleaning  cane  fields  has  already  vanished, 
and,  besides,  cattle  are  badly  wanted  and  very  scarce.  Training  for  working 
purposes  requires  time. 

If  peace  becomes  a  fact,  and  all  the  available  cane  is  ground,  I  would  say  that 
500,000  tons  might  be  reached. 

Now,  I  will  call  your  attention  to  the  distribution  of  our  crops  these  few  years 
back: 

Crop  of  1893  (815,894  tons  of  2,240  pounds): 

Tons. 

Exported  to  United  States 680,642 

Exported  to  Canada  - 25,069 

Exported  to  Spain ..      9,448 

Exported  to  England 8,045 

Local  consumption  during  whole  year 50,000 

Crop  of  1894  (1,054,214  tons  of  2,240  pounds): 

Exported  to  United  States 965,524 

Exported  to  Canada 24,872 

Exported  to  Spain 23,295 

Exported  to  England 10,538 

Local  consumption  whole  year 50,000 

Crop  of  1895  (1,004,264  tons  of  2,240  pounds): 

Exported  to  United  States 769,958 

Exported  to  Canada 28,324 

Exported  to  Spain 28,428 

Exported  to  England 5,674 

Local  consimiption  whole  year 50,000 

Crop  of  1896  (225,231  tons  of  2.240  pounds): 

Exported  to  United  States 235,659 

Exported  to  Spain 9,969 

Local  consumption  whole  year 40,000 

Crop  of  1897  (212,051  tons  of  2,240  pounds): 

Exported  to  United  States 202,708 

Exported  to  Nassau 83 

Exported  to  Spain 1,337 

Local  consumption  whole  year _ 88,000 

The  stock  of  sugar  left  in  store  on  December  1, 1897,  was  1,888  tons,  the  smallest 
stock  held  at  an  equal  date  since  several  years. 

Statement  of  Mr.  P.  M.  BEi^,  Manager  of  the  Guabairo  Colonia. 

In  1889,  when  preparations  for  cane  farming  were  commenced,  the  Guabairo 
was  mostly  impenetrable  forest  and  not  a  building  of  any  kind  existed.  The 
working  people  slept  under  a  cart  until  temporary  i>alm-leaf  huts  could  be  con- 
structed to  shelter  them.  At  this  time  the  Guabairo  proper  contained  1,333  acres. 
Later  some  1,100  acres  were  hired  or  bought,  and  the  colonia  increased  in  area  to 
about  2,433  acres,  of  which  in  1895,  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  insurrection,  1,100 
acres  were  planted  with  cane,  and  the  rest  was  pasture,  woods,  and  waste  lands. 

production. 

In  1895,  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  insurrection,  the  1,100  acres  under  cane  cul- 
tivation produced  about  2,500,000  arrobas;  and,  aside  from  this,  a  sufficient  quan- 
24662 34 


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530         BEPOBT  OK  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  18»9. 

tity  of  com  and  vegetables  were  grown  for  all  the  requirements  of  the  odonia,  so 
we  never  had  to  purchase. 

LABOR. 

From  the  1st  of  December  to  the  1st  of  June  an  average  of  about  850  people 
were  employed.  Of  these  10  per  cent  were  Canary  Islanders  or  Spaniards,  10  per 
cent  n^ro  women  and  boys  (white  women  do  no  field  work),  20  per  cent  natdve 
whites,  and  about  60  i>er  cent  negroes  apd  mulattoes.  From  the  1st  of  June  to 
the  1st  of  December  an  average  of  about  150  were  employed.  Women  do  no  field 
work  during  this  period. 

During  harvest  I  give  the  negro  women  preference,  and  pay  them  the  same 
salaries  as  the  best  male  labor.  They  are  the  most  constant,  their  work  is  usually 
well  done,  and  each  one  keeps  her  man  straight,  which  is  quite  an  appreciable 
item. 

Next,  I  prefer  the  negro.  He  is,  as  a  rule,  a  more  constant  worker  than  either 
the  native  white  or  mulatto,  the  most  of  whom  are  addicted  to  gambling,  and 
they  can  not  be  depended  on  from  one  day  to  another. 

For  stowing  cane  on  the  cars,  plowing,  ditching,  road  repairing,  and  railroad 
work,  Canary  Islanders  and  Spaniards  are  preferable.  They  are  more  used  to  this 
kind  of  work,  are  more  constant,  and  have  less  vices. 

For  cane  cutting,  carting,  planting,  and  cultivating,  native  labor—in  particular 
negro  labor— is  preferable,  because,  being  experts,  the  work  progresses  more 
rapidly,  the  cane  plant  suffers  less  injury,  resulting  in  more  remunerative  returns, 
and  its  life  is  prolonged,  which  is  a  big  item  to  the  farmer.  They  are  also  mnch 
less  addicted  to  smoking  in  the  field,  and  danger  from  this  source  is  materially 
reduced;  but,  as  a  rule,  they  are  dishonest  and  untruthful  in  the  extreme,  and 
this  is  general  and  applies  both  to  whites  and  blacks,  the  latter  being  champions. 
Canary  Islanders  and  Spaniards  are  cigarette  smokers,  and  they  are  dangerous  in 
the  cane  fields. 

At  the  present  time  labor  is  very  poor  and  very  much  demoralized.  Many  of 
the  abler  men  are  in  the  insurrection;  a  great  number  of  those  remaining  have 
witnessed  mothers,  wives,  and  children  dying  a  lingering  death  from  hunger. 
Some  could  obtain  work  for  their  food,  while  others  earned  a  salary  of  from  $6  to 
$8  per  month  in  depreciated  Si>ani8h  silver,  provisions  being  high,  and  the  Gov- 
ernment increased  taxes  on  meat  and  other  necessaries  until  these  poor  people, 
bent  down  by  great  sorrow,  seeing  no  help  for  them  and  being  very  ignorant,  gave 
up  in  despair  and  became  indifferent. 

During  the  past  crop  as  well  as  at  the  present  time  I  employ  a  considerable 
number  of  Asiatics,  but  many  of  these  are  opium  smokers  and  much  debilitated, 
and  we  calculate  on  60  per  cent  only  being  at  work,  while  40  jier  cent  are  resting 
in  their  barracon. 

ANIMALS. 

For  agricultural  purposes  this  colonia  keeps  nearly  300  oxen  and  about  20  horses 
and  mules;  also  a  few  cows  for  milk  and  a  number  of  animals  for  beef,  which  in 
normal  times  varies  from  80  to  something  over  100. 

I  here  wish  to  say  a  few  words  about  dereche  de  consumo  (or  meat-consumption 
tax).  In  normal  times  this  colonia  slaughters,  on  an  average,  about  22  animals 
per  month,  with  an  average  dressed  weight  of  about  200  kilos  per  head,  and  the 
full  tax  on  that  meat  is  4^  cents  gold  per  kilo,  in  addition  to  $1  per  head  for  derecho 
de  punalada  (sticking  fee).  Consequently  the  full  tax  on  meat  consumed  in  this 
oolonia  in  one  month  would  amount  to  $198,  plus  $1  per  head  ($22),  or  a  total  of 
1220. 


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AGBICULTUBE. 


531 


SALARIES. 

Average  salaries  paid  by  this  colonia  daring  normal  times—that  is,  previons  to 
the  insurrection — were  abont  as  follows: 

ALL  THE  YEAR. 
[Salaries  per  month,  in  gold,  and  maintenance.] 


Administration $166.66 

Servant ^ 80.00 

Overseer 85.00 

Second  overseer 85. 00 

Steward  and  bookkeeper 50.00 

Assistant 25.00 

Carpenter 85.00 

Montero 25.00 


Assistant $20.00 

Hostler 20.00 

Assistant 15.00 

Pumping  water 6.00 

Cook 80.00 

Assistant 25.00 

Night  watchman 20.00 

Mounted  field  guard 25  and  80.00 


DURING  CROP  TIME. 


Mounted  field  guard $25.00 

Timekeeper 20.00 

Waiter  for  operatives*  table 1 5. 00 

Vegetable  gardener 20. 00 

Bueyero(  teamster) 22.00 

Assistant. 16. 00  and  12. 00 

Foreman  with  cartman 80. 00 


Assistant $28.00 

Foreman  with  stevedores 28. 00 

Cartman 28.00 

Plowman    28.00 

Cane  cutters 21.00 

Cane  lifters 15.00 

Cane  loaders  (stevedores) 21 .  00 


During  the  summer  months  salaries  for  field  labor  averaged  about  $17  per  month. 

Cost  for  maintaining  labor  averaged  about  $7.50  per  month  in  gold;  cost  for 
maintaining  overseers,  foremen,  carpenters,  cooks,  stewards,  guards,  etc., 
amounted  to  about  $12  per  month. 

RATIONS. 

Rations  for  each  man  per  day  were  as  follows:  Clear  beef,  1  pound,  or  its  equiva- 
lent in  tasajo  salt  fish;  rice,  1  pound,  or  its  equivalent  in  beans,  pease,  macaroni, 
etc;  lard,  2  ounces;  coffee,  1  ounce;  sugar,  2  ounces;  bread,  6  ounces,  or,  instead 
of  bread,  sweet  potatoes,  plantains,  or  melanga;  sweet  oil,  bacon,  salt,  and  spices 
sufficient  to  season  the  food.  During  the  winter  months  cabbage,  tomatoes,  and 
turnips  are  being  served  every  day  without  regard  to  rations. 

RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

When  a  laborer  enters  his  name  on  the  pay  roll  he  receives  his  machete  or  hoe, 
tin  plate,  tin  dipper  and  spoon,  and  same  are  charged  to  him,  and  are  credited 
when  returned. 

Timekeeper  makes  his  rounds  twice  every  day. 

Away  from  the  batey  smoking  is  strictly  prohibited,  and  the  penalty  is  imme- 
diate dismissal. 

Salaries  are  paid  any  day  between  11  a.  m.  and  1  p.  m.,  Sundays  excepted,  to 
those  who  desire  the  money. 

Except  in  case  of  sickness,  meals  are  charged  to  those  who  are  not  at  work. 

To  the  sick  such  medicines  as  we  have  are  given  free.  The  most  prominent  of 
these  is  quinine. 

If  a  man  remains  in  the  barracon  sick  for  more  than  two  days,  he  is  sent  to 
his  home  or  to  a  hospital.  If  it  is  an  injury  received  in  the  service  of  the  colonia, 
he  is  cared  for  until  able  to  work  again. 

The  bell  tolls  at  4  a.  m.  for  the  people  to  get  up:  at  break  of  day,  after  having 


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532  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

drunk  a  cup  of  coffee,  they  go  to  the  field;  at  11  o'clock  they  return  to  hreakfast; 
at  1  o'clock  they  again  go  to  the  field;  at  6  o'clock  they  come  in  to  dinner,  and  at 
8  o'clock  the  bell  sounds  silence.  After  that  absolute  si  ence  is  enforced.  The 
negro  is  fond  of  his  music  and  dancing.  This  is  permitted  at  seasonable  hours, 
and  sometimes  the  overseer  gives  special  permission  to  prolong  their  amusements 
beyond  the  usual  hour. 

Gambling  is  prohibited,  but  the  prohibition  can  not  be  successfully  enforced. 

In  the  dry  season,  at  midday,  when  the  people  are  in  tjie  batey,  sentinels  are 
stationed  on  the  hills  to  give  timely  warning  of  cane  fires. 

Armed  guards  patrol  the  fields  by  day  and  guard  the  cattle  at  night    This 
applies  in  times  of  peace. 

ADVANTAGES  OF  LARGE  COLONIAS  OVER  SMALL  ONES. 

During  my  experience  in  this  vicinity  I  have  never  known  a  single  instance 
where  a  small  colonia  prospered  or  was  able  to  extricate  itself  from  debt,  and  this 
condition  is  owing  to  various  causes.  A  colonia  employing  from  300  to  400  men 
can  be  carried  on  more  economicallv  than  one  employing  from  100  to  300  men. 
The  high-salaried  men  in  the  one  are  very  nearly  the  same  as  in  the  other;  but  the 
small  farmers,  with  50  or  200  acres,  fare  much  worse.  These  purchase  everything 
they  require  at  retail,  often  paying  from  15  to  30  per  cent  more  than  the  large 
farmers,  who  purchase  at  wholesale  and  receive  rebate  for  prompt  payment.  A 
small  farmer  employing  10  men  requires  a  cook;  the  larger  farmer  employing  300 
men  requires  but  2  cooks.  The  small  farmer  is  always  cramped  for  money,  has 
but  a  limited  credit  with  the  central,  and  outside  of  that  none  except  an  occasional 
country  storekeeper  who  may  consider  the  risk  and  accommodate  him  by  charging 
exorbitant  interest.  The  money  which  ought  to  be  exx>ended  on  the  cane  fields 
goes  to  pay  exorbitant  interest;  his  fields  get  to  such  low  ebb  that  the  cane  no 
longer  pays  the  expense  for  harvesting;  he  can  obtain  no  money  for  replanting, 
fails  to  pay  his  rent,  and  the  owner  of  the  land  takes  possession  of  what  remains, 
resulting  in  some  other  i)oor  fellow  stepping  in,  only  to  repeat  his  predecessor's 
experience. 

The  coat  for  preparing,  breaking  np,  cross  plowing,  making,  furrowing,  seed 
cane,  planting,  cultivating,  wear  and  tear  to  implements,  and  weeding  one  cabal- 
leria  of  cane  to  maturity,  and  doit  well,  is  from  $1,400  to  $1,600,  according  to  con- 
ditions of  soil,  salaries,  etc.,  and  under  normal  conditions  will  here  require  from 
three  to  four  years  before  the  farmer  can  see  any  profits,  and  then  only  by  intel- 
ligent management  and  good  soil.  Soil  which  requires  pkmting  every  three  to 
five  years  will  ruin  any  man. 

The  average  yield  of  cane  per  caballeria  in  Gnabario  for  1895  was  about  71,500 
arrobasy  and  the  cost  per  100  arrchcLS  for  weeding,  cutting,  carting,  and  deliver- 
ing to  the  central  amounted  to  about  $1.84. 

In  1896  we  had  some  new  plantings,  and  the  crop  was  estimated  at  2,700,000 
arrobas.  Very  nearly  the  whole  of  this  was  burned  by  the  insurgents;  some  of 
the  fields  were  burned  twice,  and  no  crop  was  made.  The  horses  were  seized, 
cattle  driven  off,  storehouses  plundered  repeatedly,  and  finally  the  manager  had 
to  flee  for  his  life  and  seek  safety  in  Cienf  uegos.  Since  then  tiie  fields  have  suf- 
fered repeated  burnings  and  the  crop  has  been  reduced  from  2,700.000  arrobas  to 
1,400,000  arrobas,  estimated.  In  1897  and  1898  the  crops  were  made  under  diffi- 
culties, the  colonia  employing  a  private  armed  force  of  16  men,  and  Col.  Luis 
Ramos  Izquierdo  kept  a  small  garrison  of  his  guerrillas  in  the  colonia. 

Note.— A  caballeria  contains  324  corddes,  or  33^  acres.  An  ain'oba  is  25  pounds. 
Colonia  signifies  cane  farm.  Batey  is  the  space  occupied  by  the  buildings.  Bar^ 
racoiis  are  the  buildings  occupied  by  the  working  i>eople.  An  ingenio  is  a  sugar 
plantation  with  all  the  buildings  and  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar, 
rum,  and  molasses. 


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AGRICULTUBE.  533 

Under  date  of  July  19  the  secretary  of  agriculture,  (commerce,  and 
industry,  Seilor  Perfecto  Lacoste,  reports  as  follows: 

The  sagar  crop  in  1898  was  805,543  tons;  in  1899,  385,668  tons,  and  in  1900, 
283,651  tons. 

For  the  prodnction  of  1900  the  above  fignres  can  be  taken,  as  all  the  planta- 
tions have  already  finished  the  gathering  of  the  late  crop.  • 

In  normal  years — that  is,  in  years  before  the  late  war,  as  in  1894,  for  instance— 
the  prodnction  of  sugar  in  this  island  amounted  to  1,054,214  English  tons  of  2,240 
pounds. 

The  undersigned  begs  leave  to  state  that,  in  his  opinion,  while  the  actual  cir- 
cumstances shall  continue  and  the  Cuban  planters  have  to  depend  on  their  own 
resources  for  the  development  of  their  plantations,  without  the  necessary  imple- 
ments or  the  help  of  agricultural  banks  or  similar  establishments  of  credit,  it  will 
be  impossible  to,  even  approximately,  reach  the  above  referred  to  figures. 

In  the  statements  of  Messrs.  Atkins,  Beal,  and  Bonnet  we  have  a 
picture  of  the  many  difl&culties  and  great  expense  attending  the  cul- 
tivation of  sugar  cane.  The  establishment  of  sugar  mills  by  which  a 
colonia  becomes  an  ingenio  or  central  is  another  branch  of  the  indus- 
try involving  many  large  expenditures  and  great  financial  risks  to 
those  engaged  in  it.  The  sugar  zone  extends  from  the  eastern  third 
of  the  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio  to  the  eastern  half  of  the  province 
of  Puerto  Principe,  the  richest  and  largest  part  of  this  area  lying  in 
the  provinces  of  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santa  Clara,  Matanzas  being 
the  most  productive  of  the  three.  The  experience  of  Mr.  Beal  during 
the  recent  insurrection  was  common  to  the  planters  of  the  entire  sugar 
region,  those  of  the  province  of  Matanzas  suffering  the  most. 

The  only  ingenios  and  colonial  saved  from  destruction  were  those 
which  enjoyed  the  protection  of  both  sides  in  the  war,  as  the  result  of 
liberal  donations,  private  or  public  guards,  and  suitable  defenses. 

The  rehabilitation  of  the  large  plantations  will  require  much  time 
and  considerable  expenditures,  but  with  the  liquidation  of  existing 
loans  on  rural  property,  the  establishment  of  banks  and  a  stable 
financial  system,  a  repetition  of  the  crop  of  1894  may  soon  be  expected, 
with  larger  ones  to  follow.  Indeed,  when  we  consider  that  this  crop 
was  cultivated  on  less  than  one-fourteenth  part  of  the  area  of  the 
island  (28,000,000  acres),  a  large  part  of  which  can  be  made  suitable 
for  sugar,  some  idea  of  its  great  prospective  wealth  in  this  commodity 
can  be  formed,  provided  Cuba  is  successful  in  finding  favorable  for- 
eign markets.  In  short,  it  is  perfectly  apparent,  as  has  been  else- 
where stated,  that  under  such  conditions  Cuba  can  easily  become  the 
greatest  sugar-producing  country  in  the  world. 

Tobacco. 

Second  only  in  importance  to  the  sugar  industry  in  Cuba  is  that  of 
tobacco,  in  the  cultivation  of  which  upward  of  80,000  people  are 
employed.  Unlike  sugar  cane,  the  tobacco  plant  is  indigenous  and 
was  found  in  use  by  the  natives  on  the  discovery  of  the  island.    Sixty 


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534  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

years  later  it  was  taken  to  Spain  by  Francisco  Fernandez,  a  physician 
who  had  been  sent  by  Philip  II  of  Spain  to  investigate  the  products 
of  Mexico.     Bnt  while  the  plant  came  to  Europe  through  Spain,  the 
habit  of  smoking  it  was  begun  in  England.    Ralph  Lane,  the  first 
governor  of  Virginia,  and  Sir  Francis  Drake  brought  pipes  and  tobacco 
from  Virginia  in  1586,  which  they  gave  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh.    Lane 
is  said  to  have  been  the  first  Engli^man  to  smoke ;  Sir  Walter  followed 
and  the  habit  soon  became  general  at  the  court  of  Elizabeth.    By  the 
middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  it  was  known  to  all  civilized 
countries,   although  every  attempt  was  made  to  prevent  its  use. 
Popes  fulminated  against    it,  and  penal   enactments  and   priests 
declared  smoking  a  crime,  and  in  Russia  smokers  were  given  the 
knout  and  had  their  noses  cut  off.     King  James  the  First  described 
its  use  as  "a  custom  loathsome  to  the  eye,  hateful  to  the  nose, 
harmful  to  the  brain,  dangerous  to  the  lungs,  and  the  black,  stink- 
ing fumes  thereof  nearest  resembles  the  horrible  Stygian  smoke  of 
the  pit  that  is  bottomless." 

The  following  description  of  its  use  among  the  Indians  of  Santo 
Domingo,  when  that  island  was  first  discovered,  written  by  Oviedo  in 
his  general  history  of  the  West  Indies  (1635),  throws  some  light  on 
the  origin  of  the  name  of  the  plant  and  explains  somewhat  the  first 
objections  to  its  use: 

The  Indians  inhabiting  this  island  have,  among  other  evil  customs,  one  which 
is  very  pemicions,  namely:  that  of  smoking,  called  by  them  tobacco,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  producing  insensibility.  This  they  effect  by  means  of  a  certain  herb« 
which,  80  far  as  I  can  learn,  is  of  poisonous  quality,  though  not  poisonous  in  its 
appearance.  It  is  about  four  or  five  palms  high;  the  leaves,  which  are  large  and 
broad,  are  soft  and  downy;  and  in  color  it  resembles  the  plant  called  bugloss  by 
doctors  and  herbalists. 

The  manner  in  which  they  use  it  is  as  follows:  The  caziqnes  and  principal  men 
have  small  hollowed  sticks,  about  a  span  long  and  as  thick  as  the  little  finger;  they 
are  forked  in  the  manner  here  shown  ( Y) «  bnt  both  the  forks  and  the  stalk  are  of 
the  same  piece.  The  forked  ends  are  inserted  in  the  nostrils  and  the  other  end  is 
applied  to  the  burning  leaves  of  the  herb,  which  are  rolled  up  in  the  manner  of 
pastils.  They  then  inhale  the  smoke  until  they  fall  down  in  a  state  of  stupor,  in 
which  they  remain  as  if  intoxicated  for  a  considerable  time.  Such  of  the  Indians 
as  can  not  procure  a  forked  stick  use  a  hollow  reed  or  oane  for  the  purpose  of 
inhaling  the  smoke.  Their  smoking  instrnment,  whether  it  be  forked  or  merely 
a  hollow  cane,  is  called  tobacco  by  the  Indians,  who  do  not  give  this  name  to  the 
herb,  nor  the  stupor  into  which  they  fall,  as  some  have  erroneously  supposed. 
The  Indians  hold  this  herb  in  great  esteem  and  cultivate  it  in  the  gardens  and 
fields.  They  pretend  that  the  use  of  it  is  not  only  wholesome  but  holy.  When  a 
cazique  or  other  great  man  falls  down  insensible  from  smoking  it  his  wives  (of 
whom  there  are  many)  pick  him  np  and  place  him  in  bed,>  if  he  has  previously 
informed  them  that  such  was  his  pleasure,  bnt  if  he  has  not  he  continues  lying 
where  he  fell  until  the  intoxicating  effect  of  the  smoke  shall  have  passed  off. 

The  remains  of  baked  clay  and  other  kinds  of  pii)e8  found  in  the 
Indian  mounds  of  the  North  American  continent  indicate  plainly  that 


^  The  bed  was  suspended  between  two  poles  and  called  a  hamac^  doubtless  the 
origin  of  the  hammock. 


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A  TOBACCO  PLANT. 


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AGRICULTURE.  535 

smoking  was  generally  prevalent  among  the  Indians  of  the  mainland 
long  before  the  discoveries  of  Columbus. 

For  many  years  the  tobacco  trade  of  Cuba  was  a  Crown  monopoly, 
with  a  royal  office  and  warehouse  in  Habana  and  branches  in  San- 
tiago, Trinidad,  Bayamo,  and  Remedies,  where  the  planters  could 
store  their  tobacco,  receiving  such  prices  as  might  be  established  by 
the  Crown  for  each  crop.  In  later  years  the  tobacco  monopoly  was 
sold  to  private  companies,  and  was  again  resumed  by  the  Crown  in 
1760.  Finally,  in  1817,  by  a  royal  decree  of  June  22,  the  trade  and 
cultivation  of  tobacco  were  declared  free  on  payment  of  a  tax  by 
each  planter  equivalent  to  one-twentieth  of  the  production.  Since 
that  date  the  taxes  have  varied  according  to  circumstances,  but  have 
usually  been  very  high. 

Reliable  statistics  of  the  annual  production  of  tobacco  in  early  times 
are  not  at  hand,  nor  is  it  possible  to  tell  how  much  was  shipped,  except 
through  the  custom-house,  owing  to  the  large  amount  smuggled. 
From  such  data  as  are  available,  it  appears  that  from  1702  to  1817  the 
total  amount  regularly  exported  was  about  20,500,000  pounds;  that 
during  the  periods  of  government  monopoly  the  amount  was  less  than 
during  the  period  of  private  monopoly,  and  that  the  amount  exported 
was  largely  increased  after  the  trade  monopoly  was  discontinued.  It  is 
probable  that  the  amount  smuggled  was  equal  to  the  amount  exported. 

Coming  down  to  a  later  period,  with  which  we  are  more  nearly  con- 
cerned, it  appears  that  the  average  production  in  bales  in  1894-95 
was  in  the  neighborhood  of  560,000  bales  of  50  kilos,  or  62,000,000 
pounds  of  leaf,  valued  at  $22,000,000.  Of  this  amount  220,000  bales 
(nearly  40  per  cent),  valued  at  $10,000,000,  were  retained  for  home 
consumption  and  used  in  the  manufacture  of  cigars  and  cigarettes, 
and  this  is  about  the  proportion  with  normal  crops. 

Since  1895  the  crop  has  been  as  follows: 

Bales. 

1896-97 875.000 

1897-98 88,000 

1898-99 220,000 

1899-1900 460,000 

The  amount  of  tobacco  exported  to  the  United  States  since  1893  is 
shown  in  the  following  table : 


Pounds. 

Value. 

Pdtinds. 

Value. 

lg03                

21.604,801 
14,678,248 
20,176,620 
26,ni,817 

$8,040,066 
6,828.064 
7,271.704 

la  618. 468 

1897   

4,410,073 
4.601.466 
8,102,074 
11,816.861 

12,806,067 

1894  

1806 

4.384,078 

1896 

1800 

6,016,860 

1896 

1900 

0,704,881 

Except  cigars  and  cigarettes,  the  numerous  forms  in  which  tobacco 
is  used,  such  as  smoking  mixtures,  fine  cut,  plug,  roll,  or  pigtail,  for 
chewing,  and  snuff,  are  not  manufactured  in  Cuba. 

Tobacco  is  raised  as  an  article  of  commerce  in  but  four  of  the  six 


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536  BEPOBT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

provinces  of  Cuba,  viz,  Pinar  del  Rio,  Uabana,  Santa  Clara,  and  Santi- 
ago de  Cuba,  although  there  is  no  question  but  that  tobacco  can  be 
advantageously  raised  in  the  other  two.  To  the  trade  the  tobacco  of 
Pinar  del  Rio  is  known  as  the  VueUa  AbqjOy  that  of  Habana  as  the 
Partido  and  Semi-  VueUa^  that  of  Santa  Clara  as  Las  VUlas  or  Reme- 
dios  leaf,  while  the  leaf  of  Santiago  is  known  as  OrierUe. 

The  quality  of  Cuban  tobacco  is  world-renowned,  more  especially 
that  known  as  the  VueUa  Abajo,  which  is  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  the  finest  cigars.  Every  attempt — and  there  have  been  many— to 
reproduce  this  tobacco  elsewhere,  even  in  Cuba,  has  failed,  and  the 
secret  of  its  superiority  remains  untold.  The  Sierra  de  los  Organos, 
a  range  of  mountains  running  along  the  entire  length  of  the  province 
of  Pinar  del  Rio,  is  no  doubt  a  favorable  cause,  as  it  breaks  the  high 
winds  which  do  so  much  damage  to  the  plants  elsewhere.  Various 
other  causes  have  been  assigned,  and  probably  they  have  all  con- 
tributed to  the  excellence  of  the  tobacco.  To  what  it  is  specially  due 
will  probably  be  known  when  the  soils  in  which  it  has  been  cultivated 
shall  have  been  carefully  analyzed  and  compared  and  the  chemical 
changes  due  to  curing  and  fermentation  are  better  understood. 

The  photographic  views  of  tobacco  cultivation  herewith  represent 
a  full-grown»plant  and  the  various  steps  of  setting  out,  harvesting, 
and  sorting  tobacco,  putting  it  in  bundles,  bailing  and  packing  it  to 
market.     These  operations  may  be  briefly  described  as  follows: 

The  tobacco  crop  is  grown  from  nursery  or  transplanted  plants. 
These  plants  are  raised  in  seed  beds  located  and  prepared  with  great 
care  and  protected,  as  far  as  possible,  from  insects.  The  seeds  are 
very  small,  much  smaller  than  hay  seed,  and  while  there  are  between 
three  and  four  hundred  thousand  in  one  ounce,  the  seed  coat  is  so 
hard  that  only  about  75  per  cent  of  the  seed  will  sprout.  On  this 
basis,  1  ounce  of  seed  ought  to  produce  between  thirty  and  forty 
thousand  plants,  costing  the  planter  in  the  neighborhood  of  $1.50  per 
thousand.  The  seed  beds  and  seeds  having  been  carefully  prepared, 
the  seeds  are  sown  in  September,  and  in  from  six  to  seven  weeks, 
when  the  young  plants  are  from  8  to  10  inches  high,  they  are  ready 
for  transplanting.  This  is  done  with  the  greatest  care,  as  a  very 
slight  injury  will  kill  them,  and  they  are  set  out  from  12  to  18  inches 
apart  in  furrows.  The  distance  between  the  latter  varies  from  2  to  3 
feet.  It  is  said  that  tobacco  grown  under  shade  trees  is  of  better 
quality  than  when  grown  in  the  open. 

The  plants  are  hand  planted  and  not  by  machine,  as  in  many  parts 
of  the  United  States,  and  the  operation  is  necessarily  much  slower. 

It  requires  about  four  months  for  the  plants  to  reach  maturity,  so 
that  the  harvest  is  in  January.  During  this  int/crval  they  require  the 
greatest  care  to  protect  them  against  the  tobacco  worm  and  other 
insects  and  against  weeds.  From  time  to  time,  and  especially  after 
rains,  they  are  cultivated,  the  buds  or  top,  and  all  suckers,  as  they 


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AGBIOULTUBE.  537 

apx)ear,  are  removed,  and  every  precaution  taken  to  insure  the  full 
development  of  the  leaf. 

The  pruning  is  done  with  the  thumb  nail,  as  its  dull  edge  closes  the 
wound  and  prevents  bleeding.  According  as  the  plants  are  topped 
high  or  low,  there  will  be  from  8  to  10  or  from  18  to  20  leaves  on  a 
stalk.  As  soon  as  the  leaves  have  ripened,  the  cutting  begins.  Each 
stalk  is  cut  in  sections,  having  two  leaves  on  each;  they  are  hung  on 
poles  and  carried  to  the  drying  sheds.  A  section  of  each  stalk  ¥nth 
a  good  strong  sucker  on  it  is  left  in  the  field,  from  which  a  second,  or 
what  is  called  a  sucker  crop,  results,  and  while  the  quality  of  this 
crop  is  not  as  good  as  the  true  crop  it  answers  very  well  for  fillers. 

The  drying  or  curing  process  continues  for  three  or  four  weeks  or 
even  longer.  During  this  period  "great  attention  must  be  given  to 
the  moisture,  temperature,  and  ventilation  of  the  drying  house  in 
order  to  produce  those  changes  which  characterize  cured  tobacco  of  a 
superior  quality." 

Sweating  or  fermentation  follows  the  curing,  and  it  is  to  this  that 
the  tobacco  owes  its  peculiar  flavor.  During  or  after  this  process  the 
leaves  are  sprayed  with  water  or  a  petuning  liquid  which  is  supposed 
to  give  the  leaf  a  darker  color  and  a  better  flavor,  but  this  is  ques- 
tioned by  some  tobacco  manufacturers.^  When  fermentation  has 
taken  place,  the  leaves  are  sorted  and  made  up  into  bundles,  and  these 
into  bales  of  about  50  kilos  (110  pounds)  each.  It  is  now  ready  for 
transport  to  market. 

The  tobacco  planters,  in  common  with  the  sugar  planters,  experi- 
enced all  the  vicissitudes  of  the  war,  but  as  the  province  of  Pinar  del 
Rio  was  the  last  to  become  a  theater  of  operations  the  crop  of  VueUa 
Abajo  tobacco  was  sx>ared  until  1896. 

COFFBB. 

The  cultivation  of  coffee  dates  from  somewhere  about  the  years 
1796-1798  and  is  said  to  have  been  introduced  into  Cuba  by  refugees 
from  Santo  Domingo  after  that  island  was  ceded  to  France.  Soon 
after  the  arrival  of  these  emigrants,  of  whom  there  were  upward  of 
30,000,  coffee  plantations  made  their  appearance,  and  for  many  years 
the  cultivation  of  coffee  was  one  of  the  most  remunerative  industries 
of  the  island,  as  the  following  table  of  exjmrts  will  show:  ^ 


ArrobsB. 

1809 820,000 

1815 918.263 

1816 870,229 

1817 709,851 


Arrobas. 

1818 779,618 

1819 642,716 

1820 686,046 

1822 501,429 


Arrobas. 

1828 895,924 

1824 661,674 


>  The  report  of  Mr.  Oscar  Loew,  of  the  Department  of  Agricaltnre,  on  the  cnr- 
ing  and  fermentation  of  the  cigar  leaf  tobacoo  should  be  studied  by  all  tobacco 
planters. 

*  Humboldt's  Island  of  Cuba. 


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538  REPORT  ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Humboldt  attributes  the  extreme  variation  in  the  figures  of  this 
table  to  the  more  or  less  abundant  crops  and  to  frauds  in  the  custom- 
house. 

In  the  years  1843  and  1846  violent  hurricanes  visited  Cuba  and 
seriously  damaged  the  coffee  crop.  Owing  to  these  disasters,  the 
increased  coffee  trade  of  the  East  Indies  and  South  America,  and  the 
larger  and  more  certain  profits  of  sugar  cultivation,  the  coffee  indus- 
try of  Cuba  rapidly  declined,  and  by  1850  the  amount  exported  was 
but  192,061  aTTohds,  The  coffee  plantations  were  converted  to  other 
uses  and  the  trade  in  coffee  practically  disappeared.  The  estimated 
coffee  crop  of  the  world  for  1900  is  15,285,000  bags  of  134i  pounds 
each.^  Of  thisamount  Cuba  is  credited  with  130,000  bags — ^not  enough 
for  home  consumption.  It  is  hard  to  believe,  with  these  figures  before 
us,  that  in  1825  Cuba  exported  more  coffee  than  Java,  that  in  1846 
there  were  more  than  1,600  coffee  plantations  in  the  island,  and  that 
in  richness,  flavor,  and  the  productive  capacity  of  the  trees  the  coffee 
of  Cuba  was  not  surpassed  by  that  of  any  other  West  India  island  or 
by  South  America. 

A  consideration  of  these  well-known  facts  may  result  in  the  revival 
of  this  important  industry,  which  under  free  institutions  will  no  doubt 
regain  its  former  position  among  the  agricultural  resources  of  Cuba. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  1894  coffee  was  cultivated  in  all  the  prov- 
inces of  Cuba  except  Puerto  Principe,  and  there  were  191  cafeUdeSy  or 
plantations,  although  by  far  the  larger  number  was  in  the  province  of 
Santiago  de  Cuba,  where  coffee  cultivation  was  first  attempted.  The 
topographical  features  of  this  province,  with  its  ranges  of  mountains, 
hills,  and  high  plateaus,  render  it  especially  adapted  to  the  purpose, 
for,  while  coffee  will  grow  most  anywhere  in  Cuba,  it  thrives  best  at 
altitudes  between  1,500  and  2,500  feet.  It  is  not  an  expensive  crop 
to  cultivate,  and  it  is  said  that  few  occupations  are  more  delightful 
than  that  of  the  coffee  planter,  or  more  remunerative  under  favorable 
conditions. 

In  the  cultivation  of  coffee  the  seeds  are  first  gown  in  a  nursery, 
and  when  the  plants  are  a  few  inches  high  they  are  transplanted; 
thereafter,  like  the  tobacco  plant,  they  require  great  care.  The  trees 
begin  bearing  in  the  second  year,  and  by  the  third  a  good  crop  may  be 
expected.  A  tree  in  good  condition  will  yield  from  H  to  2  pounds  of 
berries.  The  trees  are  rarely  allowed  to  exceed  a  height  of  10  feet  for 
convenience  in  harvesting  the  berries;  this  is  accomplished,  and  the 
trees  are  made  to  spread  laterally  by  repeated  prunings.  Two  crops 
each  year  reward  the  successful  coffee  planter,  so  that  the  trees  are 
almost  always  in  bloom. 

As  the  coffee  berry  requires  shade,  fruit  and  other  trees  are  planted 
among  the  coffee  trees  for  this  purpose,  so  that  a  coffee  plantation 


1  Statesman^  Year-Book,  1900. 


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TOBACCO   PACK  TRAIN. 


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AGBICULTURE.  539 

can  be  utilized  for  both  fruit  and  coffee  culture,  without  detriment 
to  either  and  with  corresponding  benefit  to  the  planter. 

Next  in  prospective  value  as  an  agricultural  product  is  cocoa, 
although  the  cocoa  trade  has  not  been  large  for  many  years,  owing  to 
excessive  taxes  and  the  devastations  of  war.  The  province  of  Santi- 
ago is  especially'  adapted  to  its  cultivation,  and  the  cocoa  bean  of 
Cuba  is  of  excellent  quality. 

Bananas,  cocoanuts,  figs,  dates,  guava,  mangoes,  grapes,  lemons, 
limes,  melons,  peaches,  nectarines,  apricots,  strawberries,  pineapples, 
pomegranates,  and  oranges  are  among  the  fruits  of  Cuba,  which  also 
include  many  of  a  purely  tropical  character,  while  nearly  all  the  vege- 
tables known  to  the  United  States  are  easily  grown,  especially  com, 
rice,  potatoes,  onions,  beets,  cabbage,  lettuce,  radishes,  and  cucum- 
bers, which  are  practically  perennial,  only  requiring,  for  abundant 
production,  sufficient  interest  and  energy  to  plant  the  seeds  and  the 
use  of  more  modern  methods  and  agricultural  implements  in  their 
cultivation. 

Owing  to  the  high  differential  duties  in  favor  of  the  Spanish  imports 
before  the  war,  Cuban  planters  were  compelled  to  purchase  their  agri- 
cultural implements  and  machines  in  Spain,  which  is  not  renowned 
for  the  excellence  of  these  manufactures.  Many  of  the  plows,  hoes, 
and  other  necessary  means  of  preparing  the  ground  and  cultivating 
the  soil  are  of  most  inferior  design  and  make,  and  not  to  be  compared 
with  similar  American  implements,  while  many  of  the  machines  in 
general  use  among  our  farmers  are  Unknown.  Under  the  present 
tariff,  agricultural  implements  are  on  the  free  list,  where  they  have 
been  since  the  date  of  American  occupation. 

A  serious  drawback  to  the  development  of  agriculture  in  Cuba  is 
the  lack  of  good  roads.  Outside  of  the  provinces  of  Matanzas,  Ilabana, 
and  Pinar  del  Rio,  and  except  in  the  vicinity  of  the  large  cities,  there 
is  not  a  good  road  in  Cuba,  and  even  those  that  are  passable  in  the 
dry  season  become  almost  impassable  for  wagons  in  the  rainy  sea- 
son. There  are  only  1,100  miles  of  railroad,  much  of  which  is  not  in 
good  condition  on  account  of  the  heavy  tariff  heretofore  laid  on  rail- 
road materials  of  all  kinds. 

But,  while  these  important  public  works  demand  immediate  atten- 
tion, their  consideration  should  be  deferred  until  an  accurate  topo- 
graphic survey  of  the  island  has  been  made  and  a  contour  map 
prepared.  This  is  a  work  of  pressing  necessity  and  should  be  com- 
menced at  once. 

Stock  Raising. 

There  are  very  few  countries  better  suited  to  stock  raising  than 
Cuba,  where  grass  is  abundant  at  all  seasons  and  where  many  streams 
furnish  a  copious  supply  of  good  water.  The  breeding  of  stock  was 
at  one  time  an  important  industry,  but  owing  to  the  excessive  taxes, 
amounting  to  upward  of  40  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  stock,  and  the 


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540  BEPOBT   ON    THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

great  destruction  due  to  the  .serious  revolutions  which  have  taken 
place  in  the  island,  this  industry  has  been  seriously  crippled.  The 
last  two  wars* almost  entirely  destroyed  it,  and  as  the  duties  on  stock 
were  almost  prohibitive  and  the  stock  was  taken  by  the  government 
under  one  pretext  or  another  as  fast  as  imported,  recovery  was  neces- 
sarily slow.     For  example: 

Per  head. 

Duty  on  horses   $85.00 

Duty  on  mules 32.00 

Duty  on  oxen 22.00 

Dutyoncows 10.00 

Duty  on  calves,  heifers,  and  steers 8.00 

Duty  on  hogs    7.00 

besides  other  vexatious  charges. 

Owing  to  the  vast  number  and  great  variety  of  palm  trees,  the 
berries  of  which  are  a  never  failing  food  supply  for  hogs,  these 
animals  can  be  raised  in  enormous  numbers  and  at  very  little  expense. 

The  agricultural  tables  will  show  the  plantations,  farms,  and  live 
stock  in  the  island  when  this  census  was  taken.  The  number  prior 
to  the  war,  1894,  is  shown  in  the  following  tables: 


Coffee. 

Sugar. 

Tobacco. 

Cattle 
ranches. 

Farms. 

Pinar  del  Rio  ..- ... 

83 

3 
46 

70 

IIS 

332 
5 
03 

6,060 
250 

509 
1.262 

224 
1,250 

399 

384 

1,3K 
6  030 

HsbanA - 

MAtAn74IB 

3.664 

Santa  Clara                   .        

317 

4  853 

Puerto  Principe - 

1.100 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

85 

2,258 

5,;X)1 

Total  

191 

1,100 

8.875  ,           4,008 

23  238 

Number. 

Value. 

Horses  and  mules ............................J.... 

684,725 

2,4a5,7(» 

670,  IIH 

78,494 

$20  466.375 

Cattle 

74!572,9HI) 

PlgfS ..  ...    .. 

5  700.000 

Sheep - --  -        -  -  

'393.000 

Total 

3.719,179 

101,l^,a55 

Statistics  op  Agriculture. 

The  following  is  the  form  of  schedule  used  in  the  collection  of  agri- 
cultural returns: 

Censtis  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  taken  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States^  1899. 
Schedule  No.  3.— Aoricultubal  Statistics. 


■  day  of  - 


District  of  enumeration  No. 
,  1899. 


-,  Enumerator, 


Supervisor's  district  No. 
Compiled  by  me  on  the  - 

1.  Name  of  farmer  or  owner, 

2.  Residence, . 

3.  Color  or  race, . 

Note.— State  whether  white,  negro,  mixed,  Chinese,  or  whatever  he  may  be. 


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NATIVE   FRUITS. 


1.  Pineapple 

2.  Guanaoara 

3.  Aliiefator  pea- 
4  Cocoanuf 

5.  Cubtard  apple 


6    Mamey  Colorado 

7.  Caimito. 

8.  Mamoncillo. 

9.  Banana. 
10.  Sapadillo. 


1  1.   Maranon 
12.   Figs. 
1  3.   Pawpaw. 

14.  Pumpkin. 

15.  Watermelon 


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AGRICULTUBE. 


541 


4.  Cnban  or  Spaniard,  • 


Note.— State  whether  Cuban,  Spaniard,  or  in  suspense,  according  as  to  whether 
lie  has  taken  the  oath;  if  this  question  relates  to  a  foreigner  and  is  therefore  snper- 
flnons,  write  foreigner. 

5.  Does  the  farm  or  plantation  belong  to  the  person  named  or  is  it  leased?   . 

6.  Area  of  the  farm  or  plantation  in  caballerias  and  cordeles, . 

Area  under  cultivation  at  the  present  time, . 

Area  uncultivated  at  the  present  time, . 

7.  Approximate  area  under  cultivation  before  the  insurrection  (prior  to 
1895), . . 

8.  Wooded  area, .    Character  of  woods,  hi^h  or  low, . 

9.  Distribution  of  area  under  cultivation,  according  to  crops: 


Cropa 

Area  (cabal- 
lerias). 

Cropa. 

Area  (cabal- 
lerias). 

Tobacco - 

Cocoa - 

Sugarcane    

MalangAs 

Rice 

Oranses 

Sweet  potatoes 

Corn 

Potatoes 

Honey 

Yams 

"Wfix 

Bananas 

Cocoanut trees  .-.. ........ 

Coffee 

Onions      

Pineapples  ........ 

Note.— Indicate  on  blank  lines  any  other  crops. 

10.  Number  of  cattle  on  the  hoof  on  the  day  of  enumeration: 


Kind. 

Nnmber. 

Value,  in  dol 
lars. 

Kind.    • 

Number. 

Value,  in  dol- 
lars. 

Horses 

Bnllcalyes 

Mules 

Bulls 

Asses 

Heifers 

Swine .... 

Steers ....... ...... 

Qoats 

Cows 

Sheep 

YAarlingn 

Poultry 

Oxen          .... 

Lambs 

Note.— Indicate  on  blank  lines  any  other  cattle  on  the  hoof. 

11.  Number  of  grinders  and  evaporators  on  the  plantation  on  this  day: 

Mills,  number, .    Output,  in  arrobas,  of  caiie  per  day, 

Evaporating   apparatus,    number,    .     Production,   in   sacks, 

day. . 

12.  Number  and  capacity  of  the  stills  on  the  plantation: 

Number, .    Capacity,  in  gallons,  per  day, . 


per 


DISCUSSION   OF  THE   TABLES. 

As  is  apparent  from  the  table  of  occupations,  agriculture  is  the 
principal  industry  of  the  people  of  Cuba.  Its  manufactures  are 
trifling,  with  the  exception  of  the  making  of  cigars,  raw  sugar, 
molasses,  and  rum,  while  trade  and  transportation,  except  in  a  limited 
way,  are  prosecuted  but  little.  Under  these  circumstances  it  was 
thought  inexpedient  to  attempt  to  collect  statistics  of  any  other 
industry  excepting  that  of  agriculture,  and  even  in  this  it  was  deemed 
advisable,  in  view  of  the  unsettled  economic  conditions  of  the  island, 
to  attempt  to  obtain  only  a  few  simple  facts  regarding  the  industry. 
The  inquiries  were  limited  to  those  relating  to  the  area  of  farms, 
cultivated  land,  and  woodland,  to  the  kind  of  tenure  of  farms,  to  the 


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642  REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

race  of  the  occupant,  to  the  ai*ea8  cultivated  in  certain  leading  crops, 
to  a  few  details  regarding  the  production  of  sugar  and  tobacco,  and  to 
the  number  of  live  stock. 

The  schedules  received  bear  witness  to  the  disturbed  condition  of 
the  industry.  Farm  areas  were  found  to  be,  in  many  cases,  uncertain 
and  contradictory,  and  were  given  in  many  different  units  of  measure- 
ment. The  tenure  was  often  uncertain  or  unknown,  and  many  tracts 
were  held  by  squatters  on  sufferance,  necessarily  without  definite 
limits  of  occupancy. 

But  in  spite  of  their  many  faults  and  deficiencies,  the  information 
derived  from  these  schedules  is  extremely  significant  and  instructive. 

Table  XLIV  presents,  by  totals,  for  Cuba,  for  each  of  its  six  pro- 
vinces and  for  each  municipal  district,  the  number  of  farms,  the  area 
included  within  them,  the  area  cultivated  in  the  census  year,  and  an 
estimate  of  the  area  cultivated  in  1895,  together  with  areas  covered 
with  timber,  classified  as  large  and  small.  To  this  table  must  be  added 
a  word  of  explanation.  The  cultivated  areas  do  not  include  pasturage, 
although  in  many  cases  the  pasture  is  artificial,  being  produced  by 
sowing  the  seed  of  some  forage  plant  These  areas  were  not  distin- 
guished in  the  schedules  from  natural  pasture,  which  of  course  com- 
prised vastly  the  greater  area,  and  consequently  it  was  necessary  to 
exclude  it  altogether  from  the  cultivated  area. 

On  the  other  hand,  under  the  head  ''Cultivated  in  1895"  it  is 
apparent  that  in  some  cases  pasturage  has  been  included,  and  aa  there 
is  no  way  of  making  a  clear  separation  of  it,  this  matter  should  be 
borne  in  mind  in  contrasting  the  areas  cultivated  in  1895  and  in  1899. 
Furthermore,  this  column  can  not  be  held  to  possess  much  value, 
inasmuch  as  it  includes  only  the  areas  cultivated  in  the  farms  which 
were  enumerated  by  the  recent  census.  There  are  doubtless  many 
farms  in  which  were  considerable  areas  of  land  cultivated  in  1895, 
which  have  now  been  abandoned  and  are  not  represented  in  this  census 
at  all;  hence,  the  figures  given  in  this  column  are  in  all  probability 
below  the  truth. 

The  columns  relating  to  timber  include  only  the  timber  upon  farms 
and  do  not  include  the  large  and  undefined  forest  areas  which  lie 
outside  of  farms.  The  number  of  plantations  and  farms  in  Cuba  far 
exceeds  the  number  of  farmers  and  planters  given  in  the  table  of 
occupations.  This  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  enumerators  have 
returned  simply  as  laborers,  or  as  agricultural  laborers,  most  of  the 
owners  of  these  plantations  and  farms.  This  is  especially  true  of 
the  smaller  farms,  particularly  of  those  rented.  On  this  account  the 
number  of  planters  given  in  the  occupation  table  is  of  no  significance 
whatever. 

Measurements  are  given  in  the  ordinary  Spanish  measure  of  cabal- 
lerias^  a  caballeria  being  equal  to  33i  acres,  and  in  cordels^  324  of 
which  equal  one  caballeria. 


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AGRICULTUBE. 


643 


Prior  to  the  late  war  there  were  in  Cuba  90,960  plantations  and 
fanns.  There  were  in  1899  only  60,711  farms,  with  an  area  of  262,858 
cabaUerias.  Of  this  27,032  caballerias  were  cultivated.  The  average 
size  of  the  farm  in  Cuba  was  4.3  caballerias  (143  acres)  and  the 
average  area  cultivated  per  faim  was  0.4  of  a  cabaUerut  (13  acres). 
These  facts  are  set  forth  for  the  several  provinces  of  Cuba  in  the 
following  table: 


Farms. 


Caballerias. 


Area. 


Habana 

Matanzas 

Plnar  del  Rio 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 


6,159 
4,083 
10,408 
2,382 
16,129 
21,550 


Cuba  . 


60,711 


26,245 
80.617 
83,827 
61,365 
57,171 
54,633 


262,858 


Area  cul- 
tivated. 


3.193 
4,902 
4,304 
939 
7,515 
6,179 


Average     Average 
size       cultivated 
farms.         area. 


4.1 
7.5 
3.3 
25.8 
3.5 
2.5 


27,082  I 


4.3 


0.6 
1.2 
.4 
.4 
.6 
.3 


From  the  above  table  it  appears  that  Puerto  Principe  has  the  largest 
area  in  farms,  but  the  smallest  cultivated  area.  This  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  farms  of  Puerto  Principe  are,  in  the  main,  cattle  ranches, 
upon  which  there  is  a  wide  range  for  stock,  but  small  area  under  (cul- 
tivation. On  page  551  the  pasture  lands  of  Puerto  Principe  are  dis- 
cussed. The  average  size  of  the  farm  in  Puerto  Principe,  25.8  cahal- 
lerias^  is  six  times  the  average  size  of  the  farm  in  Cuba,  while  the 
cultivated  area  per  farm  is  approximately  the  same  as  that  of  the 
entire  island.  The  smallest  farms,  on  an  average,  are  in  the  province 
of  Santiago,  where  the  total  area  is  only  2.5  caballerias^  and  here  also 
is  found  the  smallest  average  cultivated  area  per  farm,  or  only  0.3  of 
a  cahaUeria.  The  largest  cultivated  area  per  farm  is  in  Matanzas 
Province,  where  it  is  1.2  cahaUerias^  and  in  this  province  also  is  found 
the  largest  average  size  of  farm  after  Puerto  Principe.  In  this  prov- 
ince are  many  large  sugar  plantations,  larger  and  more  numerous  than 
elsewhere  in  the  island. 

Of  the  entire  area  of  Cuba  29.9  per  cent  were  included  within 
farms,  but  only  3  per  cent  of  the  area  of  Cuba  and  only  10  per  cent 
of  the  area  in  farms  was  under  cultivation.  The  following  table  shows 
the  percentage  of  the  total  area  of  each  province  which  was  included 
within  fanns  and  the  percentage  under  cultivation: 


Provinces. 

Percent- 
age in 
farms. 

Percent- 
age cul- 
tivated. 

Habana 

45.6 
41.4 
88.8 
29.2 
30.6 
22.0 

5.8 

Matanzan        .       ...                              

6.6 

PinardelRlo 

4.3 

Puerto  Principe 

.4 

SanU  Clara 

4.0 

Santiago 

2.4 

Cuba 

29.9 

3.0 

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644 


BEPOBT   OK   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1889. 


The  largest  proportion  was  in  Habana  and  the  smallest  in  Santiago, 
at  the  east  end  of  the  island.  Of  the  area  under  cultivation  the  largest 
proportion  was  in  Matanzas  and  the  smallest  in  Puerto  Principe. 

Taking  Cuba  as  a  whole,  the  number  of  rural  inhabitants  to  a  farm 
wa>4 18.  This  proportion  ranged  widely  in  different  provinces,  as  is 
shown  by  the  following  table: 

Rural  populaHon  to  farmM, 

Habana 24 

Matanzas 35 

Pinardel  Rio 16 

Puerto  Principe 26 

Santa  Clara 17 

Santiago 13 

Matanzas  stands  highest,  with  35  rural  inhabitants  to  a  farm,  or 
twi(;e  as  many  as  in  Cuba,  with  Santiago,  at  the  other  extreme,  with 
but  13. 

Many  interesting  facts  regarding  the  tenure  of  farms,  combined  with 
the  race  of  the  occupants  and  the  size  of  the  farms,  are  brought  out  in 
tables  XLV  and  XLVI.  Of  the  60,711  farms  in  Cuba,  22.9  per  cent 
were  owned  by^  whites;  49  per  cent,  more  than  twice  as  many,  and  nearly 
one-half  the  farms  of  Cuba,  were  rented  by  whites,  making  71.9  per 
cent  of  the  farms  occupied  by  whites.  The  colored  owned  5.1  per  cent 
and  rented  18.5  per  cent,  making  a  total  occupied  by  colored  of  23.6 
per  cent. 

The  column  headed  "Other"  includes  all  other  forms  of  occupation. 

Of  the  cultivated  areas  of  farms  in  Cuba,  40.7  per  cent  were  owned 
by  whites  and  44.2  per  cent  rented  by  whites,  making  the  total  occu- 
pied by  this  race  84.9  per  cent.  By  the  colored  only  2.8  per  cent  were 
owned  and  8.2  per  cent  rented,  making  a  total  of  11  percent  occupied 
by  the  colored  race.  Thus,  the  whites,  in  proportion  to  their  numbers, 
occupy  much  the  largest  number  of  farms  and  a  still  larger  part  of 
the  cultivated  area.  The  above  facts  relating  to  the  tenure  of  farms, 
both  by  number  of  farms  and  by  areas  of  cultivated  lands  in  farms, 
are  set  forth  in  the  two  following  tables  by  provinces: 

NUMBER  OF  FARMS. 


White 
owners. 

White 
renters. 

Colored 
owners. 

Colored 
renters. 

other. 

f uba 

22.9 
82.0 
44.7 
12.7 
27.8 
26.2 
17.9 

49.0 
56.9 
40.3 
69.2 
40.0 
54.5 
85.4 

5.1 
.8 
8.1 
1.2 
1.2 
2.2 
U.2 

18.5 
4.7 
10.0 
15.9 
5.9 
14.8 
29.6 

4.5 

Hiibana 

4.7 

Mntunzas 

1.9 

Pinar  del  Rio 

1.0 

Puerto  Principe 

25.6 

Santa  Clara 

2.S 

San  tia^ 

5.9 

CULTIVATE 

\D  AREA. 

Cuba         

40.7 
40.2 
64.0 
20.7 
41.8 
42.1 
84.2 

44.2 
61.7 
30.0 
66.7 
28.3 
49.6 
32.2 

2.8 
.8 

1.8 
.8 
.8 

1.1 

9.3 

8.2 
•2.8 
2.6 

10.6 
8.7 
6.7 

18.0 

4.1 

Habana 

5.0 

Matanzas 

2.1 

Pinardel  Rio 

2.2 

Puerto  Principe 

25.4 

San  ta  Clara 

1.5 

Santiago 

6.8 

__— 

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545 


The  first  of  these  tables  shows  that  in  every  province  of  the  island 
more  farms  were  rented  than  were  owned,  and  in  most  eases  far  more. 
The  only  province  in  which  the  owned  farms  approached*  in  number  the 
rented  farms  is  Matanzas,  where  47.8  per  cent  were  owned,  while  in 
Santiago  nearly  two-thirds  were  rented,  and  in  Santa  Clai*a  nearly 
seven-tenths.  White  owners  outnumbered  colored  owners  many  times 
in  all  the  provinces  except  Santiago,  where  there  were  about  1^  white 
owners  to  1  colored.  The  proportion  of  white  owners  to  white  renters 
was  much  greater  than  that  of  colored  owners  to  colored  renters.  White 
occupants,  including  owners  and  renters,  greatly  exceeded  colored  occu- 
pants, in  most  cases  being  several  times  their  numbef.  In  Habana 
white  occupants  comprised  nearly  90  per  cent  of  all  occupants,  while 
colored  occupants  comprised  only  5.5  per  cent.  In  Matanzas  the  pro- 
portions were  almost  equally  great  In  Santiago  the  proportion 
between  white  and  colored  occupants  was  smallest,  there  being  53.3  per 
cent  white  occupants  to  40.8  per  cent  colored  occupants. 

Comparing  the  two  tables  with  one  another,  it  is  seen  that  white 
owners  occupied  much  the  larger  farms;  thus,  while  in  the  island  of 
Cuba  white  owners  comprised  22.9  per  cent  of  all  owners,  they  owned 
not  less  than  40.7  per  cent  of  all  the  cultivated  area.  In  each  province 
the  proportion  of  the  cultivated  area  which  was  owned  by  whites  was 
greater  than  the  proportion  of  the  niunber  of  whites  which  owned  it. 
In  all  other  cases  the  proportional  area  was  less  than  the  propoilional 
number,  and  in  many  cases  the  disproportion  is  very  striking. 

The  classification  of  the  farms  in  Cuba  by  size,  both  as  to  number 
and  as  to  cultivated  area,  brings  out  many  interesting  facts,  which 
are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


CUBA. 

.  Clanes. 

Per  cent 
of  num- 
ber of 
farms. 

Per  cent 

ofculU- 

valed 

area. 

Under  i  caballeriA 

68.5 

1».2 

8.0 

2.1 

6.1 

.9 

.7 

.6 

16.5 

i  to  1  caballeriii 

12.5 

to  1  caballeria 

9.6 

1  to  1  caballeria 

8.6 

1  to  8  cabaileria 

16.1 

8  to  5  caballeria 

7.0 

5  to  10  caballeria 

9.0 

Over  10  caballeria 

26.9 

From  the  first  column,  which  classifies  the  number  of  farms,  it  is 
seen  that  nearly  two-thirds  were  under  one-fourth  of  a  caballeria^  i.  e., 
less  than  8  acres  of  cultivated  area,  and  nearly  one-fifth  fall  in  the 
next  class,  i.  e.,  between  8  and  16  acres,  etc.  In  the  second  column, 
which  classifies  the  cultivated  area  of  these  farms  of  various  sizes,  the 
story  is  quite  diflferent.  Comparing  the  two  columns,  it  is  seen  that  in 
the  lowest  class  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  farms  contained  less  than  one- 
seventh  of  the  cultivated  area;  in  the  next  class  about  one-fifth  of  the 
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farms  contained  one-eighth  of  the  cultivated  area,  while  in  the  largest 
one-half  of  1  per  cent  of  all  the  farms  contained  nearly  27  per  cent  of  all 
the  cultivated  area  of  the  island,  or  more  than  one-fourth. 

The  two  following  tables  show,  first,  the  percentages  of  the  number 
of  farms  in  each  ai-ea  group,  dasnified  by  kind  of  tenui'e  and  by  race 
of  the  occupant;  second,  the  percentage  of  the  cultivated  areas  of 
farms,  classified  in  a  similar  manner. 

Percenlagei  of  ifie  number  and  ana  of  farms,  by  tenure  and  race, 
NUMBER. 


1  Under  J 

cahalle- 

rla. 

}and 

under  k 

caballe- 

ria. 

iand 

under  1 

cabaUe- 

ria. 

land 
under  1 
caballe- 

land 
under  3 
caballe- 

rias. 

Sand 
under  5 
caballe- 

riaa. 

5  and 
under  10 
caballe- 

rial. 

10  and 
over. 

White  renters 60              21.1 

Colored  owners 75. 6          14. 8 

9.2 

5.2 
6 

2.4 
2.4 
1 

.8 
1.6 

7.9 
5.6 
2.6 
1.8 
S.8 

l.e 
.9 

1.2 
.6 

1.4 

.8 

Colored  renters 77     ,         15. 0 

2 
.8 

Mixed , 70.8           16 

.6 

.5 

Total 63.4  .         19.2 

8.1              2.1 

5.1 

•'1       ■' 

.5 

AREAS. 


White  owners 

White  renters 

Colored  owners 

Colored  renters 

Mixed 

7.6 
16.8 
86.9 
41.1 
20.3 

7.8 
15.1 
19.2 
22.2 
12.8 

6 

11.9 
12.4 
14.1 

8.4 

2.4 
4.7 
2.8 
8.5 
8.4 

13.7 
19.4 
14.1 
11.9 
14.1 

7.1 
7.7 
4.6 
8.6 
7.4 

10.5 
9.2 
6.4 
2.6 
6.9 

45.4 
15.7 
3.6 

1 
26.7 

Total 

15.5 

12.5 

9.5 

3.5 

16.1 

7.0 

9.0 

26.9 

From  the  first  of  these  tables  it  is  seen  that  the  number  of  farms  of 
the  smallest  size,  viz,  under  one-fourth  of  a  cabaJZeria^  were  occu- 
pied in  greater  proportion  by  colored  than  by  whites,  while  in  the 
other  classes  the  number  of  whites  was  the  greater.  In  this  matter 
there  Ls  no  decided  distinction  between  the  farms  owned  and  those 
rented. 

Dividing  all  farms  into  two  classes — those  which  were  under  1  cabal- 
leria  and  those  which  were  over  1  cahalleria  in  cultivated  area— it 
appears  that  of  the  farms  owned  by  whites  i87.9  per  cent  were  less  than 
1  caballeria  in  size;  of  those  rented  by  whites,  92.6  per  cent;  of 
those  owned  by  colored,  97.4  per  cent,  and  of  those  rented  by  colored, 
98.1  per  cent.  Of  the  farms  of  the  largest  size,  those  of  over  10 
caballerlas  in  cultivated  area,  the  proportion  of  those  owned  by  whites 
exceeded  the  proportion  rented  by  whites,  or  rented  or  occupied  by 
colored. 

From  the  second  table  it  appears  that  the  farms  owned  by  whites  were 
in  area  far  the  largest.  Of  this  class  those  under  1  cahaUeria  in  size 
were  collectively  only  24  per  cent  of  the  entire  area  owned  by  whites, 
while  those  above  1  mhalleria  in  area  comprised  76  per  c*ent,  or 
more   than  three-fourths;  and  the  farms  of  10  cabaUerias  and  over 


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contained  not  less  than  45.4  per  cent  of  all  the  cultivated  area  owned 
by  whites. 

The  farms  rented  by  whites  were  smaller  than  those  owned,  48  per 
cent  of  the  ai*ea  being  comprised  in  farms  of  less  than  1  cahdUeria 
in  area  and  52  per  cent  in  those  of  more  than  1  cabaUeria,  Faiins 
owned  by  the  colored  were  still  smaller,  those  under  1  caballeria 
comprising  71.3  per  cent  of  the  entire  area,  while  those  above  1 
cabcdUria  comprised  only  28.7  per  cent.  The  farms  occupied  by  col- 
ored renters  were  still  smaller.  Those  under  one-fouith  of  a  cahalleria 
comprised  only  41.1  per  cent  of  the  entire  area,  and  those  under  1 
caballeria  cotuprised  80.9  per  cent,  or  more  than  four-fifths  of  the 
entire  area. 

Products. — The  returns  of  farm  products  were  obtained  through 
the  enumerators  only  in  terms  of  area  cultivated  in  the  various  crops. 
No  attempt  was  made  to  obtain  the  amounts  or  values.  The  following 
table  shows  the  areas,  expressed  in  cordds^  of  which  there  are  324  in 
a  cabaUeria^  or  approximately  10  to  an  acre,  which  was  planted  in 
each  of  the  principal  crops,  together  with  the  percentage  of  the  culti- 
vated area  in  each  crop: 


Sugarcane.... 
Sweet  potatoes 

Tobacco 

Bananas 

Indian  com... 

MalangBs 

Yucca 

Coffee 

Cocoanuts 

Cocoa 

Rice 

Yams 

Iriah  potatoes . 

Pineapples 

Oranges 

Onions 


Cordels. 


1,142,016 
973,  G29 
817.452 
753,627 
639,042 
303,603 
283,363 
137,854 
120,261 
119,625 
42,076 
30,030 
26,808 
26,782 
28.418 
14.274 


Per  cent. 


47.3 

11.3 

9.3 

8.6 

7.3 

8.4 

8.2 

1.6 

lA 

1.4 

.5 

.8 

.3 

.8 


The  table  shows  that  very  nearly  one-half  of  the  cultivated  area  of 
Cuba  was  planted  in  sugar  cane;  that  the  next  crop  of  impoi-tance, 
in  which  11.3  per  cent  of  the  cultivated  area  was  planted,  was  sweet- 
potatoes,  while  tobacco,  for  which  crop  the  island  is  quite  as  cele- 
brated as  for  sugar  cane,  occupied  only  9.3  per  cent  of  the  cultivated, 
area,  being  third  in  importance  as  measured  in  area  cultivated. 
Bananas  and  Indian  corn  occupied  nearly  as  much  ground.  Coffee,  at 
one  time  a  product  of  great  importance  in  Cuba,  occupied  only  1.6 
per  cent  of  the  cultivated  area,  and  most  other  crops  were  of  even  les» 
importance. 

The  following  table  shows,  by  percentages,  the  distribution  of  the 
area  cultivated  in  each  crop  by  the  tenure  of  the  occupant  and  his  race, 
the  occupants  being  classified  as  white  owners,  white  renters,  colored 


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548 


BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


ownei'8,  and  colored  renters,  and  others,  and  the  figures  being  per- 
centages of  the  entire  area  devoted  to  each  crop: 


White 
owners. 

.  White 
renters. 

Colored 
owners. 

^^  ou.«. 

Tobftcco 

22.4 
65.6 
27.8 
26.8 
80.0 
10.5 
88.0 
48.5 
86.1 
88.2 
89.4 
26.4 
10.0 
40.0 
27.5 
24.1 

65.7 
86.6 
46.7 
58.0 
58.8 
48.5 
41.1 
15.5 
17.8 
54.7 
50.2 
12,5 
65.0 
45.0 
49.0 
46.6 

0.8 
0.9 
8.7 
2.5 
0.5 
8.2 
4.7 
14.8 
25.6 
1.6 
l.« 
83.7 
1.5 
2.8 
2.9 
3.4 

8.3  ,        2.b 

SuKttr  CADe 

8.6  1        3.S 

Rice 

14.8           8.5 

Sweet-potatoes 

13.1           4.6 

Irish  potatoes 1 

8.2  1        7.5 

Yams 

21.3  !        7.5 

Baoanas 

10.7           5.5 

CocoaDUta 

15.5 

5.7 

Coffeo 

17.9 
6.3 
8.1 
25.0 
1L6 
6.1 
14.0 
17.7 

8.1 

Onions 

5.2 

Pineapples 

6.1 

Oocoa                      .      .       

2.4 

Malang^ 

2.9 

Oranges , 

4.8 

Indian  com 

5.7 

Yucca 

8.2 

It  will  be  recalled  that  the  cultivated  area  was  distributed  as  follows, 
by  tenure  and  race: 

Percent 

White  ownere : 40.7 

White  renters 44.2 

Colored  ownere 2. 8 

Colored  renters 8.2 

White  occupants 84.9 

Colored  odcupants 11.0 

Owners 43.5 

Renters .;...  52.4 

It  will  be  seen,  on  examination  of  the  above  table,  that  in  the  case 
of  tobacco,  sugar,  Irish  potatoes,  onions,  pineapples,  and  oranges,  the 
proportion  of  land  occupied  by  whitens  was  in  excess  of  their  propor- 
tion of  the  whole  cultivated  area,  and  that  in  the  case  of  the  other  crops 
this  proportion  was  less;  in  other  words,  the  crops  above  enumerated 
were  produced  by  white  men  in  greater  proportion  than  by  colored, 
while  in  the  case  of  the  other  crops  the  situation  was  reversed.  This  is 
particularly  the  case  with  sugar,  of  which  more  than  nifie-tenths  of  the 
crop  was  produced  by  white  men,  and  only  a  trifling  proportion  by 
colored. 

Turning  now  to  owners  versus  renters,  as  concerned  with  different 
products,  it  is  seen  that  sugar,  cocoanuts,  coffee,  and  cocoa  were  raised 
upon  owned  land  in  greater  proportion  than  the  average  of  the  culti- 
vated area,  while  in  the  case  of  the  other  crops .  the  situation  is 
reversed.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  crops  which  were  cultivated  mainly 
,upon  owned  estates  are  those  of  a  permanent  character,  as  distin- 
guished from  annual  crops. 


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Sugar  cane. — Each  province  of  Cuba  produced  sugarcane,  but  in 
varying  amounts,  as  shown  by  the  following  table: 


Cordels. 

Percent 

Santa  Clara .* 

1,736,000 
1,245,501 
691.100 
279,444 
106,500 
85,471 

41.9 

Mfttanzafl 

80.1 

Santiago 

16.7 

Habami 

6.7 

Puerto  Principe 

2.6 

PinardelRlo. , 

2.1 

Assuming  that  the  product  is  proportional  to  the  area  under  culti- 
vation, it  appears  that  Santa  Clara  produced  iiot  less  than  41.9  per  cent 
of  the  product  of  the  island,  and  Matanzas  30.1  per  cent.  Considering 
the  relative  areas  of  the  two  provinces  it  is  seen  that  Matanzas  is,  in 
proportion  to  its  area,  of  rather  more  importance  in  the  sugar  industry 
than  Santa  Clara.  Santiago  produced  16.7  per  cent,  or  one-sixth  of 
the  product  of  the  island,  and  Habana  but  one-sixteenth.  The  amounts 
produced  in  Puerto  Principe  and  Pinar  del  Bio  were  little  more  than 
trifling. 

Of  the  total  area  of  cultivated  land  in  Cuba,  47.3  per  cent  was,  as  is 
stated  above,  planted  in  sugar  cane.  The  proportion  of  tiie  cultivated 
area  planted  in  this  product  differed  widely  in  different  provinces, 
showing  a  corresponding  difference  in  the  relative  importance  attached 
to  this  crop  in  different  parts  of  the  island.  The  following  table  shows 
the  percentage  of  the  cultivated  land  which  in  each  province  was  planted 
in  sugar  cane: 

Per  cent. 

Matanzafl 78.4 

Santa  Clara 71.3 

Puerto  Principe 34.7 

Santiago 34.6 

Habana 27.0 

PinardelRlo 6.1 

Thus  it  appears  that,  considering  its  area,  Matanzas  is  the  most 
important  of  the  provinces  of  Cuba  in  this  regard,  nearly  four-fifths 
of  its  cultivated  area  being  devoted  to  sugar  cane.  In  Santa  Clara 
nearly  three-fourths  of  the  cultivated  area  is  thus  used,  while  at  the 
other  extreme  is  Pinar  del  Rio,  where  only  one-sixteenth  was  planted 
in  sugar  cane. 

Tobacco. — ^Tobacco  was  produced  in  each  of  the  provinces  of  the 
island,  but  in  differing  degrees  of  importance,  as  is  shown  by  the 
following  table: 


OoMels. 

590.353 

106,632 

103.354 

11,489 

4,674 

950 

Per  cent. 

Pf  nar  del  Rio     ■» 

72.2 

Habana                                             

18.1 

Santa  Clara 

12.6 

Bantiago                                          ..,^,,^,,.-, 

1.4 

Mati^nzan ...  ...... .,rT.,T..rTrT-^ „^,.-,.^, 

.6 

Puerto  Princioe 

.1 

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550  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

If  we  measure  the  amount  of  tobacco  produced  by  the  area  under 
cultivation,  the  product  of  Pinar  del  Rio  was  72.2  per  cent,  or  nearly 
three-fourths  of  the  entire  product  of  Cuba.  Habana  and  Santa  Clara 
together  produced  a  little  more  than  one-fourth,  while  the  amount 
raised  in  Santiago,  Matanzas,  and  Puerto  Principe  is  comparatively 
trifling. 

Of  the  total  cultivated  area  of  Cuba,  9.6  per  cent  were  planted  in 
tobacco.  The  proportion  of  ^the  cultivated  area  of  the  several  provinces 
which  was  planted  in  tobacco  differs  widely,  as  is  seen  below: 

Per  cent. 

Pinar  del  Rio 42.4 

Habana 10.3 

Santa  Clara 4.2 

Santiago 6 

Puerto  Principe 3 

Matanzas •. 3 

Thus  it  appears  that,  considering  tobacco  relative  to  other  agricul- 
tural interests^  it  was  most  prominent  at  the  west  end  of  the  island,  in 
Pinar  del  Rio  primarily  and  in  Habana  secondarily,  and  that  elsewhere 
it  was  a  crop  of  comparatively  little  importance,  although  cultivated 
widely  to  a  small  extent. 

These  are  the  two  great  export  crops  of  the  island.  The  others  are 
raised  almost  entirely  for  home  consumption,  and  their  distribution  is 
a  matter  of  less  interest. 

The  cultivation  of  sweet  potatoes  is  distributed  quite  generally  over 
the  island,  but  is  greatest  in  the  two  extreme  provinces,  Pinar  del  Rio 
and  Santiago. 

The  cultivation  of  bananas  is  also  quite  general,  although  in  the 
province  of  Santiago  much  greater  attention  is  paid  to  it  than  else- 
where, the  area  under  cultivation  being  about  three-sevenths  of  that 
of  the  island. 

Indian  corn  is  a  grain  of  much  importance  in  the  agriculture  of  Cuba. 
It  is  raised  in  every  province  in  considerable  quantities,  but  most 
attention  is  paid  to  it  in  Santiago. 

Malanga,  a  farinaceous  root,  is  raised  quite  generally  for  food 
throughout  the  islanfd,  but  more  than  two-thirds  of  it  is  produced  in 
the  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio  and  only  a  trifling  amount  in  Puerto 
Principe. 

Yucca  is  produced  in  every  province,  but  apparently  the  most  atten- 
tion is  paid  to  it  m  Santiago,  in  which  province  is  situated  nearly  one- 
half  of  the  area  under  this  crop  in  the  island. 

Coffee,  once  a  crop  of  great  impK)rtance,  is  now  produced  only  to  a 
small  extent,  and  that  almost  entirely  in  the  provinces  of  Santa  Clara 
and  Santiago.  In  the  latter  province  are  situated  about  three-fourths 
of  the  coffee  lands  of  the  island. 

The  cultivation  of  the  cocoanut  palm  is  confined  almost  entirely  to 


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AQRICULTUBE.  551 

Santiago,  in  which  province  is  more  than  four-fifths  of  the  area 
devoted  to  its  cultivation. 

The  distribution  of  the  production  of  cocoa  is  very  similar,  being 
confined  almost  entirely  to  Santiago. 

The  production  of  rice,  which  is  of  little  importance,  is  distributed 
with  considerable  uniformity. 

The  production  of  yams  is  in  great  part  confined  to  Santiago,  which 
province  contributes  more  than  one-half  the  island's  product. 

Irish  potatoes  are  raised  only  to  a  very  limited  extent.  Their  cul- 
tivation is  scattered  widely,  but  nearly  half  of  them  are  produced  in 
the  province  of  Habana. 

Pineapples  are  produced  in  every  province,  but  moi*e  than  four- 
fifths  of  the  product  comes  from  Habana. 

Oranges  are  raised  in  every  province,  but  in  Habana  and  Matanzas 
to  a  much  greater  extent  than  elsewhere.    * 

Of  the  onion  product,  more  than  two-thirds  come  from  the  province 
of  Habana.    • 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  province  of 
Puerto  Principe  are  in  the  main  pastoral,  the  leading  product  being 
live  stock,  a  special  tabulation  was  made  of  its  pasture  lands.  The 
total  area  of  the  pasture  lands  in  this  province  was  16,666  cahaRerias^  or 
approximately  550,000  acres.  This  land  was  owned  and  occupied  in 
the  manner  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Caballe- 
rias. 

Per  cent. 

White  owners '. 

6,720 

4,996 

232 

617 

4.101 

40 

White  renters .             

30 

Colored  owners : 

1 

Colored  renters 

4 

other 

25 

Total 

16,666 

100 

From  this  it  appears  that  two-fifths  of  the  pasture  lands  of  the  prov- 
ince were  owned  by  whites  and  three-tenths  of  them  were  rented  by 
whites.  The  amount  occupied  by  colored  was  trifling,  the  greater  part 
of  the  remainder  being  incapable  of  classification  and  given  under  the 
head  of  "other." 

Live  stock. — Table  LII  shows  the  number  of  live  stock  on  farms 
and  elsewhere,  by  provinces.  The  live  stock  on  farms  is  also  classified 
by  the  tenure  of  the  farms.     The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  results: 

Horses 88,001 

Mules 18,474 

Asses , 1,842 

Pigs 358,868 

Goats 18,564 

Sheep .* 9,982 

Fowls 1,517,892 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


552  BEPOBT  ON  THE  CEN8U8  OF  OUBA»  1899. 

Cattle 376,650 

Oxen 164,948 

Steers 10,714 

Bulls 13,279 

Young  bulls 36,125 

Cows 82,338 

Heifere 12,366 

Yearling  calves 15, 676 

Other  calves 41,204 

Other  animals 2,777 

The  total  amount  of  live  stock  is  small,  considering  the  size  of  the 
island  and  its  population.  Horses  are  comparatively  few  in  number; 
mules,  are  apparently  little  used,  while  oxen  are  the  chief  draft  animals. 
The  number  of  sheep  is  trifling. 

Sugar  miUs. — ^An  attempt  was  made  upon  the  farm  schedules  to  obtain 
statistics  concerning  the  number,  capacity,  and  production  of  the  sugar 
mills,  or  centrals^  of  Cuba,  and  it  is  believed  that,  considering  the  con- 
dition of  the  sugar  industry  at  the  time  the  census  was  taken,  the 
results  are  quite  as  satisfactory  as  could  have  been  expected.  Many 
Jot  the  mills  were  in  ruins,  many  others  had  been  injured  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent,  and  none  of  them  were  in  operation  at  the  time  of  tilie 
census,  as  the  cane  crop  had  not  at  that  time  been  harvested. 

The  schedules  received  from  Matanzas  and  Santa  Clara,  in  which 
provinces  most  of  the  sugar  is  produced,  were  quite  satisfactory.  The 
most  defective  schedules  came  from  Pinar  del  Rio,  Puerto  Principe, 
and  Santiago,  which  were  relatively  of  little  importance  in  the  matter 
of  sugar  production,  and  in  which  the  sugar  mills  are,  as  a  rule,  small. 

Summing  up  the  returns  given  by  the  schedules,  it  appears  that 
Cuba  contained  at  the  time  of  the  census  207  mills,  of  all  sizes,  which 
were  in  condition  to  be  operated.  Their  capacity  was  jointly  8,754,192 
arrobas  of  cane.  The  average  daily  production  of  these  mills  was 
61,407  bags  of  sugar,  at  200  pounds  per  bag.  There  were  connected 
with  these  mills  85  stills,  with  a  daily  capacity  of  161,751  gallons  oi 
rum. 

In  the  following  table  the  results  are  set  forth  by  provinces: 

Sagar  centraU, 


No. 

Capacity 
of  cane. 

Production 
per  day. 

StlUs. 

Provluce«. 

Number. 

Capacity 
per  day. 

Habona « 

Matanzas 

20 
72 
7 
3 
78 
42 

ArrdboM, 
858,050 

8,342,200 
118,700 
170,000 

3. 612,000 
752,542 

^[,025 
23,406 
4     785 

1,180 
22.760 

7,261 

6            8.860 
25           72,9^ 

PinardelRio            .               

Puerto  PrinciDO 

2 

25 

.  27 

2,900 

Santa  Clara.. 

80,600 

SantiaRo 

61.472 

Cuba 

207 

8,754,192 

61,407 

85 

161,751 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Digitized  by 


Google 


Digitized  by 


Google 


AGRICULTURE. 


553 


TABLES  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
Table  XLl  V. — Farm  arecut  in  CabaUerws. 


Provlncen. 


Habana 

Matanzas 

Pinardel  Rio.. 
Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 

Cuba 


Number 
of  farms. 


«,159 
4.088 
10.408 
2,382 
16.129 
21,650 


Total  area. 


25.244.96 
80,616.77 
83,827.34 
61,365.08 
67.171.12 
54,688.22 


60,711  1  262,868.49 


Area  culti- 
vated, 1899. 


8,193.21 
4,902.85 
4,803.78 
938.83 
7,614.91 
6,179.22 


27,082.80 


Area  culti- 
vated in 
1895. 


7,213.46 
11,086.90 
8,816.71 


10,945.45 
8,728.35 


Large  tim-  Small  tim- 
ber, ber. 


1,884.96 
1,468.99 
10,430.38 
25,269.77 
7,733.34 
26,336.88 


1,408.78 
1,899.70 
3,716.37 

12,033.59 
5,900.92 

11,341.11 


73,124.32        36,300.53 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Districts. 

Number 
of  farms. 

Total  area. 

Area  culti- 
vated in 
1899. 

Area  culti- 
vated in 
1895. 

Large  tim- 

Small  tim- 
ber. 

Aguacate 

47 
285 
148 
101 
191 
166 
249 

21 
169 
156 
868 

47 
289 
669 
269 

94 
169 
165 
142 

77 

46 
296 
142 

90 

1 

320 

75 
628 

89 
146 
161 
185 

92 
180 
120 
180 

471.13 
906.97 
882.13 

1,694.50 
832.76 
260.19 
515.90 
100.28 
621.07 
228.07 
611.54 
477.76 

1,069.62 
947.65 
419.81 

7,080.96 
687.95 
615.50 
506.84 
150.21 
401.30 
843.79 
867.10 
375.06 
.87 
498.46 
600.83 
785.76 
240.55 
420.45 
623.82 
843.50 
163.39 
848.18 
880.02 
287.09 

78.82 

126,24 

121. 10 

77.48 

157.57 

46.47 

180.10 

29.66 

90.88 

64.32 

134.61 

16.56 

236.43 

257.29 

120.54 

26.69 

76.16 

82.90 

73.87 

68.31 

88.68 

171.27 

72.69 

49.75 

.62 

107.10 

61.59 

168.68 

6.94 

49.16 

77.15 

184.22 

81.87 

94.48 

88.92 

67.75 

190.65 

247.95 

275.28 

857.57 

831.70 

65.30 

79.78 

28.42 

217.21 

110.25 

175.78 

160.62 

646 

888.93 

72.60 

14.72 

158.18 

806.48 

189.04 

96.84 

246.83 

460.41 

226.10 

206.68 

40.50 

8.55 

11.43 

28.87 

.03 

24.18 

80.80 

4.90 

9.68 

.12 

9.70 

49.60 

10.85 

8.15 

5.86 

1,233.81 

36.75 

81.50 

86.25 

6.60 

1 

28.76 

89.75 

79.50 

34 

Alquisar 

80.44 

Bainoa 

22.07 

Batabano 

312.62 

Bauta 

113.54 

Bejucal 

4.50 

Cano 

88.36 

Caslguas 

.99 

Catalina 

25.98 

Cieba  del  Agua 

12.74 

Guanabacoa 

14.87 

Quara 

30.25 

Ottlnes 

118  10 

Quira  de  Helena 

7.77 

Habana 

7  62 

Isla  de  Pinos 

93  06 

Jaruco 

47.12 

Madruga 

19.12 

Managua 

17.80 

Marianao 

4.12 

Melena  del  Sur 

6 

Nueva  Paz 

95.88 

pipian 

47.49 

Quivican 

4.25 

S^d 

227.12 
270.80 
157.53 
172 
174.66 
280.69 
.    891.20 

41.05 
107.26 
193.64 

99.50 

2.68 

.10 

4.82 

42.57 

San  Antonio 

72.87 

San  Antonio  de  lea  Bafios 

San  Felipe 

19.76 

San  JO06  de  las  Lajas 

64.48 
9.99 

12.20 
2 
9.41 

19.62 
.26 

28.38 

San  Nicol&B 

23.48 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

26.95 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

2.06 
20.81 

Tapaste 

2.56 

Verada  Nueva 

10.74 

Total 

6,159 

25,244.96 

8,196.21 

7,218.46 

1,884.96 

1,408.78 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZA8. 


Alacranes 

BoIondr6n 

Cabezas 

Canasi 

CArdenas 

Carlos  Rojas... 

Colon 

Cuevitas 

Ouamacaro  ... 
Jagtley  Grande 

Jovellanos 

Macagua 

Macuriges 

Marti 

Matanzaa 


219 

165 

189 

80 

17 

78 

800 

274 

78 

608 

90 

93 

282 

113 

624 


1,500.86 

2,428.80 

1,049.46 

616.28 

202.46 

824.50 

1,619.87 

1.662.82 

1.46L31 

1,718  66 

668.09 

1,866.28 

2,107.23 

1,835.28 

2,681.96 


891.81 
80L06 
216.12 
78.98 
80.02 
96.42 
245.03 
263.93 
137.86 
262.25 
178.06 
81.35 
424.77 
236.11 
806.46 


128.88 
169.84 
68.50 
73.75 


Digitized  by-' 


Google 


554 


REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   CUBA,   1899. 


Tablk  XLIV. — Farm  areas  in  OabaUerias — Continued. 
PROVINCE  or  MATANZAS— Continned. 


DiKtricb.. 


I  Number  T,^j^ 
of  (annii.  I      **^ 


M4ximo-G<^mez 

M^ndez  CapoW 

PalmiUaa 

Perico 

Roque 

Sabanilla 

San  Jos^  de  loo  KMm(i> 

Santa  Ana 

Uni6n  de  Reyeti 

Total 


135 
100 
162 
56 
206 
160 
96 
75 
46 


4.063 


905.96 

726.50 

2,310.67 

6ue.80 

1,675.48 
1.216.46 

678.26 

736 

251.41 


Area  culti- ;  Area  culti- 


30,616.77 


vated  in 
1899. 


153.66 
133.23 
310.36 
142.31 
263.88 
224.13 
216.50 
76.29 
116.43 


4,902.35 


vated  in 
1895. 


872.57 
283.63 
726.09 
196.29 
728.96 
707.90 
304.71 
386.62 
152.01 


11.066.90 


U^Uo. 


Small  um- 
ber. 


4.23 

65.39 

.13 

104.27 

4.98 

.02 

5 


,468.99 


64.63 
2S.0Z 
57.07 
1.56 
52.70 
12.» 
40.54 
49lSI 


1,899.76 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemiwa 

Babia  Honda 

Cabafias 

Candelaria 

Cooaolacidn  del  Norte . 
Confl61aci6n  del  Sur — 

Quanajay 

Guane  

Quayabel 

Julian  Diaz 

Lo«  Palacios 

M4ntua 

Mariel 

Pinardel  Rio 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diego  de  los  £afi(M 
San  Diego  de  Munez . . . 
San  Juan  y  Martinez. . . 

San  Luis 

Vifiales 

Total 


498 
48 
137 
232 
826 

1.108 
262 
742 
146 
138 
213 
762 
149 

2,298 
288 
241 
42 
766 
544 
979 


1, 157. 10 

652.31 
1,305.64 
2,163.74 
1.339.31 
2,262.72 

179.07 
10,206.92 

680.00 
1.049.86 

592.13 
4,605.:^ 

725.09 
2. 113. '28 
1,045.98 

771.07 

188.21 
1,181.28 

570.31 
1,139.69 


•21L78 

26.54 

155.40 

135.12 

226.60 

463.43 

67.11 

371.31 

83.10 

50.47 

78.97 

230.78 

90.60 

908.47 

168.09 

81.18 

23.36 

470.62 

213.52 

262.26 


U7.01 
77.  UO 
167. b7 
282.59 
234.27 
51.51 
L02 


23.37 
2.50 

63.25 
618.97 
134.69 
142.  SO 
161.54 
140.13 

65.00 
13&96 

9100 
217.47 


10,408      33,827.84  i      4,803.78  I      3,816.71 


10.430.38  j 


3,716.37 


PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciegode  Arila 

MorOn 

Nuevita-s 

Puerto  Principe... 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

ToUl 


379 
383 
163 
1,304 
163 


10,773.34 
4.890.28 
4,939.95 

84.006.15 
6,756.36 


61,365.08 


95.44 
in.  04 
827.74 
362.27 

62.84 


938.83 


4.304.52 
1,604.51 
1,421.20 
15.129.36 
2,8iai8 


25,209.77 


2.02L74 
1,209.05 
1,589.96 
5.92L?» 
1,29L05 


12,083.» 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus. 

96 

82 

700 

674 

320 

470 

1,546 

•209 

143 

630 

78 

438 

603 

467 

134 

266 

365 

1.206 

1,632 

564 

415.87 

455.63 
2,908.60 
1,066.44 
1,746.28 
1,772.42 
7,021.16 

648.98 

685.82 
1.108.63 

588.44 
2,060.61 
1,288.76 
1,235.05 

466.02 
1,472.06 
1,511.71 
1,356.62 
8,724.00 

964.94 

115.26 

78.52 
464.78 
267.95 
225.70 
119.68 
1,436.29 

4L72 
12L72 
212.72 
180.01 
206.40 
222.99 
225.86 

99.39 
377.97 
188.71 
293.68 
285.19 

71.98 

102.88 
09.18 
700.94 
583.42 
415.61 
199  85 
1,152.47 
104.83 
850.65 
446.88 
247.17 
284.84 
543.07 
280.44 
176.54 
668.52 
175.32 
407.82 
360.21 
02.19 

L50 

4L16 

890.74 

14.86 

46.75 

4.41 

1,260  16 

8.64 

.47 

21.01 

24.75 

Caibaricn 

46.11 

Calabazar 

209.65 

Camajuani 

16.66 

Cartagena  .        ,                   

217  So 

Ceja  cfe  Pablo 

IQOSi 

Clenf  uegos 

913.76 

Cifuentes 

24  96 

CfUcea 

7.47 

I?n>eranza 

40.47 

Palmira 

1.00 

Placeta*  .  ...  r  -  -  -  r ^  - 

247.36 
79.99 
46.48 
6.00 
22.50 
24.49 
186.95 
1,622.09 
5L78 

115  00 

Ouemada.s  de  Guinea 

86.31 

Rancbo  Veloz 

8&22 

Ranchuelo 

&49 

Rodaa 

5.  OS 

Sagua  la  Grande 

2S3:0S 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltaa. . . . 
Sancti-Spiritus 

198.73 
1,39.11 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

m» 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AOBICULTUBE. 


555 


Table  XLIV. — Fami  areast  in  Cahallerian — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


DistrictJi. 


San  Fernando 

San  Juan  de  Um  Yerafl 

San  Juan  de  loa  Remedios . 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  . . 

Santo  Domingo 

Trinidad 

Yaffuajay 


Number 
of  farms. 


451 
474 
625 

262 
835 
915 


Total  area. 


1,177.84 
1,029.84 
1,630.65 
4,404.17 
1,631.50 
1,748.60 
5,996.64 
2,215.82 


Area  culti- 
vated In 
1899. 


372.97 
121.09 
341.28 
302.44 
398.41 
228.43 
271.80 
251.27 


Total. 


16,129  I    57,171.12  ,      7,514.91 


Area  culti- 
vated in 
1895. 


440.50 
263.05 
643.21 
520.96 
608.06 
395. -23 
817. 13 
447.54 


10,945.46 


Lar^e  tim-  Small  tim- 
ber, ber. 


9.81 
5.00 
113.63 
648.66 
28.25 
92. '28 
1,920.37 
837.70 


7,733.84 


90.-20 
160.25 
709.44 

20.42 
186.58 
568.43 
404.25 


5,900.92 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 


AltoSongo., 

Baracoa 

Bayamo 

Campechuela 

Caney... , 

Cobre , 

Cristo 

Gibara 

Goantanamo 

Holgnin 

Jiguani 

Mansanillo 

Mayarl , 

Niquero , 

Pauna  Soriano ... 

Puerto  Padre 

Sagua  de  T&namo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Total 


1,515 
2,110 
1,373 

321 

611 
1,253 
19 
1,205 
1,262 
3.260 

863 
2,083 

734 

265 
1,404 
1,119 

628 
1,289 

286 


21,5M 


1,942.78 

2,702.46 

4,163.78 

1,186.64 

2,235.61 

4,123.82 

4.35 

3,770.49 

4,646.43 

13,834.84 

1,606.42 

2,640.48 

596.00 

189.09 

1,681.88 

5,415.79 

2,813.60 

1,094.87 

694.99 


64,688.22 


291.23 
676,97 
444.63 
296.41 

78.81 
258.78 
2.08 
980.44 
714.92 
449.97 
230.87 
626.08 
148.03 

83.15 
224.17 
408.44 
106.85 
193.89 

68. :» 


6,179.22 


327.17 
1,248.20 
223.04 
306.00 
181.40 
817. 17 


1,288.49 
816.51 

1.3U3.54 
225.90 
699.25 
210.71 
134.96 
466.01 
492.02 
100.48 
341.26 
108.26 


8,728.35 


819.41 

796.01 

1,319.43 

487.74 

1,225.37 

4,203.96 


1,550.87 
1,896.93 
6,682.99 

286.65 
1.169.06 

219.40 
3.75 

790.43 
2.361.78 
2,053.68 

475.86 
94.07 


26,336.88 


749.96 

1,168.97 

1,163.64 

187.80 

276.10 

144.69 

2.10 

651.91 

834.80 

2,768.17 

150.83 

242.95 

186.65 

19.68 

876.62 

1,710.69 

46.79 

241.78 

482.09 


11,341.11 


Table  XLV. — Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  of  occupant.     Number. 

CUBA. 


Total 
niunber. 

Under 
icaba- 
lleria. 

iand 
under 
icaba- 
lleria. 

iand 
under 
Icaba- 
lleria. 

land 
under 
icaba- 
lleria. 

1  and 
under 
Scaba- 
llerias. 

3  and 
under 
6  caba- 
llerias. 

5  and 
under 
lOcaba- 
llerias. 

10  and 
over. 

White  owners 

18.898 
29,737 

3,092 
11,247 

2,737 

7,797 
17,878 
2,338 
8,&I3 
1,936 

2,807 
6,266 

469 
1,680 

438 

1.278 

2.703 

172 

592 

166 

840 
709 
26 
97 
45 

1,090 

l,64d 

77 

202 

106 

227 

257 

10 

'22 

22 

177 

166 

8 

9 

13 

187 

White  renters 

109 

Colored  owners 

2 

Colored  renters 

2 

Other 

14 

Total 

60.711 

88,591 

11,650  I    4.906 

1,217       8.123 

538 

878 

314 

' 

' 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


White  owners 

2,027 

3,606 

47 

289 

290 

724 
•1,151 
28 
119 
129 

635 
1,159 

11 
106 

82 

809 

'  664 

7 

44 

87 

81 

176 

1 

9 

16 

219 
813 

26 
82 

24 
19 

9 

White  renters 

2 

Colored  owners 

Colored  renters 

12 
16 

Other 

5 

4 

2 

Total 

6.169 

2,161 

1,992 

1.051 

282 

560 

63 

47 

13 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


556 


HEPOET   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  18d9. 


Table  XLV. — Tenure  o/farmSf  by  me  and  by  race  of  occupant.    iVumfcer— Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZA8. 


Total 
number. 

Under 
Jcaba- 
lleria. 

iand 
under 
Icaba- 
lleria. 

land 
under 
Icaba- 
lleria. 

land 
under 
icaba- 
Ueria. 

land 
under 
3caba- 
llerias. 

Sand 
under 
6  caba- 
llerias. 

5  and 
under 
lOcaba- 
llerlas. 

10  and 
over. 

White  owners 

1,826 

1,644 

129 

408 

76 

617 
641 

70 
248 

27 

484 

413 

28 

99 

9 

203 

197 

14 

26 

9 

79 
75 

6" 

3 

266 

214 

12 

23 

16 

100 
41 
4 
4 
7 

71 
36 

1 
1 
8 

66 

White  renters 

27 

Colored  viwners 

Colored  renters 

Other 

1 
2 

Total 

4,083 

1,603 

983 

449 

163 

521 

156 

112 

96 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


White  owners 

1,826 
7,202 

121 
1,654 

106 

273 

2,821 

87 

838 

•64 

415 

63 
515 
26 

306 

1,123 

9 

214 

13 

62 
299 

5 
29 

8 

227 

546 

7 

67 

7 

24 

55 

10 
16 

8 

White  renters 

4 

Colored  owners 

Colored  renters 

1 

Other 

3 

Total 

10,408 

4,023 

8,857 

1,665 

896 

844 

79 

26 

16 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


White  owners 

649 
953 
80 
141 
600 

460 
686 
17 
105 
818 

128 
148 
10 
21 
150 

83 

72 

2 

9 

66 

8 
11 

i* 

20 

18 
80 
1 
4 
49 

i 

2 
2 

While  renters   

2  1            2 

Colored  ownorH 

1 

Colored  renters. 

1    

Other * 

6   1 

Total 

2,382 

1,586 

457 

182 

40 

102 

8 

2 

5 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


White  owners 

4,216 
8,799 

854 
2,383 

877 

2,927 
6,587 

810 
1,996 

824 

508 
1,100 

28 
202 

24 

204 

863 

7 

99 

11 

76 
'106 

16 

2 

216 
397 

4 
51 

6 

60 
106 

1 

14 
4 

60 

8    .. 
3. 

75 

White  renters 

59 

Colored  owners 

2 

Colored  renters 

Otber 

3 

Total 

16,129 

12,146 

1,962 

684 

202 

674 

185 

147  ' 

1 

139 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


White  owners 

3,856 
7,638 
2,411 
6,372 
1,279 

2,796 
6,992 
1,876 
5,835 
1,083 

597 
1,108 
819 
738 
147 

218 
294 
133 
200 
29 

34 
40 
20 
86 
2 

154 
149 
53 
56 
11 

17 
21 
5 
8 

1 

12 
14 
5 
5 
3 

27 

White  renters 

15 

Colored  owners 

Colored  renters 

Other 

3 

Total 

21,660 

17,082 

2,909 

874 

132 

422 

47 

3J 

45 

Table  XLVI. — Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  of  occupanL     Cultivated  area, 

CUBA. 


Total 
area. 

Under i 

caballe- 

ria. 

iand 

under | 

caballe- 

rla. 

iand 

under  1 

caballe- 

rla. 

land 

under  1 

caba- 

lleria. 

land 

under  8 

caballe- 

rias. 

3  and 
under 6 
caballe- 

rias. 

5  and 

under  10 

caballe- 

rlas. 

*  10  and 
over. 

White  owners 

White  renters 

Colored  owners 

Colored  renters 

Other 

11,180.53 
11,826.94 
743.80 
2.191.75 
1,089.37 

851.22 
1,922.58 
274.66 
900.52 
221.58 

815.87 
1,790.83 
142. 15 
485.92 
139.30 

671.60 
l,4n.02 

92.28 
308.03 

91.56 

266.50 
563.37 
20.75 
77.16 
36.84 

1,534.06 

2,296.18 

104.75 

260.62 

153.46 

790.68 
915.27 
34.29 
78.40 
80.06 

1,176.15 

1,082.22 

47.92 

57.10 

75.20 

5,074.45 

1,866.97 

27.00 

24.00 

291.37 

Total 

27,082,39 

4,170.56 

3,878.67 

2,674.49 

954.62 

4,849.07 

1,898.70 

2,438.59 

7,272.79 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AGRICULTUBE. 


557 


Table  XLV'I. — Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  ofoccupanl.  CulHvaied  area — Cont'd. 

PROVINCE  OP  HABANA. 


Total 
area. 

Under* 

cabal  le- 

rla. 

iand 

under  4 

caballe- 

ria. 

iand 

under  | 

caballe- 

ria. 

land 

under  1 

caba. 

llerla. 

land 

under  3 

cabaUe- 

rias. 

Sand 

under  6 

cabelle- 

rias. 

5  and 
under  10 
caballe- 

rias. 

10  and 
over. 

White  owners 

White  renters 

Colored  ownen. . . . 

1.284.49 

1,650.12 

10.11 

88.16 

160.33 

91.88 
142.71 
2.86 
13.02 
14.02 

181.22 
337.16 
2.75 
80.08 
24.18 

163.06 

342.69 

8.75 

22.71 

19.64 

62.81 

187.91 

.75 

7.16 

11.63 

801.74 
414.78 

92.00 
113.87 

148.79 
126.05 

244.00 
35.00 

Colored  renters 

16.20 
21.72 

Other 

20.09 

28.00 

21  26 

Total 

3.193.21 

263.99 

.  575.39 

661.74 

219.65 

753.39 

228.96 

302.84 

300.25 

PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAS. 


White  owners 

White  renters 

Colored  owners 

3,141.50 

1,469.15 

62.15 

126.98 

102.57 

64.67 
67.72 

7.08 
28.21 

2.51 

120.46 
116.20 

7.78 
27.25 

2.44 

106.88 
102.37 

7.26 
18.68 

4.86 

62.48 
68.19 

***4."62" 
2.41 

886.68 

817.68 

19.97 

27.70 

26.27 

861.80 

164.84 

14.06 

14.00 

24.46 

467.11 

289.50 

6.00 

6.62 

16.00 

1,583.08 
412.66 

Colored  renters 

Other 

10.00 
25  &? 

Total 

4,902.86 

166.19 

274.12 

284.90 

127.65 

776.80 

668.66 

734.23  j  2,031.30 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


White  owners 

White  renters 

Colored  owners 

892.63 
2,826.64 

36.81 
464.67 

93.03 

82.29 
841.06 

4.39 
99.64 

6.08 

112.40 

631.18 

16.29 

139.82 

6.93 

158.94 
670.81 

4.60 
109.31 

6.60 

47.28 
228.66 

3.63 
22.63 

2.27 

287.98 
714.82 

8 
69.87 

9.25 

78.60 
190.87 

66.62 
96.25 

114.66 
65.00 

Colored  renters. . . . 

14.00 

Other 

63.00 

Total 

4,308.78 

482.85 

906.12 

846.06 

304.44 

1,089.42 

268.87 

160.87 

246.66 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


White  owners 

892.06 

266.24 

7.49 

34.79 

238.34 

47.57 
68.72 
1.87 
11.36 
39.19 

40.21 
47.34 
3.16 
6.43 
61.96 

18.04 

41.92 

1.11 

6.16 

38.39 

6.74 
9.M 

**"'.*86* 
17.43 

23.60 

37.36 

1.35 

6.99 

72.23 

256.00 

White  renters 

Colored  owners 

8.22 

11.14 

42.00 

Colored  renters. . . . 

4 
19.14 

Other 

Total 

938.92 

168.71 

149.10 

104.61 

34.57 

141.43 

31.36 

11.14 

296.00 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


White  owners 

White  renters 

Colored  owners — 
Colored  renters 

8,162.12 

3,721.92 

82.69 

426.32 

121.86 

276.98 
612.96 

26.24 
163.29 

26.42 

173.44 
823.29 

8.09 
58.34 

6.48 

111.93 
197.02 

8.83 
62.54 

6.36 

60.15 
86.46 

"is.  63' 

1.53 

319.79 

597.49 

3.50 

70.64 

10.20 

212.73 

376.21 

3.03 

50.00 

13.37 

420.33 

523.28 

11.00 

18.58 

16.00 

1,587.77 

1,005.22 

27.00 

Other 

41.50 

Total 

7,614.91 

1,104.88 

569.64 

871.68 

16L 17 

1,001.62 

656.34 

989.19     2,661.49 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


White  owners 

White  renters 

Colored  owners 

2,307.73 

1,892.87 
514. 66 

1,060.83 
373. 24 

339.83 
689.43 
232.22 
690.10 
134.36 

188.15 

saMe 

KM.  08 
224.50 
47.31 

117.81 
166.21 

71.83 
104.74 

15.91 

27.62 
32.61 
16.37 
28.87 
1.67 

215.37 

2I4.-60 

71.93 

70.32 

14.79 

56.15 
71.76 
17.20 
10.40 
3.00 

74.30 
87.00 
30.92 
31.90 
16.20 

1,289 
306.10 

Colored  renters  . . 

Other 

140.00 

Total 

6,179.22 

1,986.44 

899.20 

466.50 

107.14 

687.01 

168.51 

240.32 

1,736.10 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


558 


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8,336 

5,711 

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264 

205 

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1,409 

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8,218 

11.271 

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5,481 

194 

618 

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6,965 

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108,791 

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4,466 

15,681 

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63,526 
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2,139 
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1,915 

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22,656 
12, 178 
1,124 
2,427 

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8,476 

1,644 

24 

241 

6,996 

6,460 

110 

620 

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47,267 
88,832 
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114 

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841,570 

843,120 

11,281 

21,629 

2,786 
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634 
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Colored  owners 

Colored  renters 

> 

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559 


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1,448 
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10,681 

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560  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XLVIII. — Suffar  plantatiom  clauified  by  area. 


Tou..  ^«;^J^JiSi  Jl^ 


Whiteownera '    4,641 


White  renters  . 
Colored  owners. 
Colored  renters. 
Other 


8.G94 


Total. 


6.730  I    5,762 


2,645 
1,065 


15,621 


493 
2,555 
1,023 


18,617 


587 
18 
63 
28 


1,094 


147 

170 

8 

18 
16 


854 


3.239 
oordels. 


186 

125 

5 

7 


3.240-  I  8,100-  1 16. 200- 

8.099   I  16.199  .  32.399 

cordels-lcordels.  cordela. 


281 


201 


581 


32,400 

cordels 

and 

over. 


107 

41  , 

13 

5 

83 

11 

2    .. 

1 

i 

? 

8 

1  ,.. 

1 

15  , 


Table  XLIX. — Number  <md  average  size,  in  cordelSf  of  augar  planiation$. 


Total. 

White  own- 
er*. 

White  rent- 
ers. 

Colored  own-  Colored  rent-         other 
ers.                  ers. 

Province. 

• 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age 
size. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age 
size. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age 
iiize. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age 
size. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver 

5S. 

Habana 

Matanwis  .... 
IMnardel  Rio 

1,099 

2,133 

178 

1,419 
6,474 
6.218 

254 

684 
480 

74 
317 
132 

435 

1,049 

44 

846 
1,646 
1.021 

845 

802 
826 

251 
481 
390 

557 
797 
101 

627 
2,704 
2,044 

196 
430 
368 

17 
307 
92 

4 
60 

91 
188 

58 
182 
30 

99 

869 
1,407 

77          45 
119           45 
281             3 

9         426 
86         121 
27         446 

3« 

620 

1.191 

2D 
22S 
121 

Puerto  Prin- 
cipe  

Santa  Clara.. 
Santiago 

21 
184 
301 

10 
93 
42 

Total... 

15,621 

267  1  4,541 

507 

6,730 

225 

620 

71 

2,645 

66     1,085 

126 

Table  L. — Tobacco  plantations,  damfied  by  area. 


White  owners. . 
White  renters.. 
Colored  owners 
Colored  renters 
Other 

Total 


Total. 


8,131 
10,203 

190 
1,948 

364 


15,881 


0-80 
cordels. 


2,463 

8,119 

171 

1,696 


12,773 


81-161        162-242 
cordels.     cordels. 


866 
1,309 

10 
196 

19 


1.889 


158 
448 

6 
89 

9 


660 


cordels. 


324  cor- 
dels and 
over. 


43 

105 

1 

3 

2  I 


102 
222 

2 
10 

9 


154 


346 


Table  LI, — Number  and  average  size,  in  cordels,  of  tobacco  planUUions. 


Total. 

White  own- 
ers. 

White  rent- 
ers. 

Colored  own-  Colored  rentr 
ers.                  ers. 

Other. 

Province. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age 
size. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age 
size. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age 
size. 

Num- 
ber. 

^^''   Num- 

Aver- 
age 
size. 

Num. 
ber. 

Aver- 
age 
rise. 

Habana 

Matanzas .... 
Pinardel  Rio. 
Puerto  Prin- 
cipe  

Santa  Clara . . 
Santiago..... 

2,627 

90 

8,133 

79 
4,334 

668 

42 
52 
73 

12 
24 
17 

709 

42 

1,126 

21 

1,148 

85 

49 
66 
101 

18 
26 
19 

1,620 

36 

6,586 

27 

2,604 

830 

39 
27 
72 

9 
26 

18 

14 
4 

77 

1 
68 
26 

29 
159 
60 

2 
10 
17 

86 

6 

1,260 

3 
422 
167 

25 
10 
45 

8 
15 
18 

96 

•-       3 

84 

27 
92 
60 

57 
74 
185 

11 
8 
10 

Total... 

15,831 

62 

8,131 

68 

10,203 

63 

190 

82  1  1,943 

86 

364 

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EDUCATION.  665 


EDUCATION. 

Before  describing  the  system  of  schools  in  Cuba  and  presenting  the 
results  of  the  census  as  shown  in  the  schedules  of  education,  it  has 
been  thought  advisable  to  give  a  brief  history  of  the  subject  as  being 
of  much  interest  to  Cubans.  This  would  not  have  been  practicable 
from  such  investigation  as  the  Director  of  the  Census  has  been  able  to 
make,  but  fortunately  the  recent  report  of  Mr.  Robert  L.  Packard  to 
the  Commissioner  of  Education  of  the  United  States  (see  Report  of 
the  Commissioner,  vol.  1,  1897-98)  on  education  in  Cuba,  Porto  Rico 
and  the  Philippines  has  removed  all  diflSculty  on  this  point  and  no 
apology  is  thought  necessary  for  the  copious  extracts  taken  from  his 
interesting  and  valuable  memoir. 

It  may  be  said  by  way  of  preface  that  before  the  nineteenth  century, 
education  in  Spain,  as  elsewhere- in  Europe,  was  confined  almost 
exclusively  to  the  children  of  those  who  could  pay  for  it.  Public  and 
free  schools  were  but  little  known.  It  is  hardly  to  be  expected,  there- 
fore, that  the  colonies  of  Spain  would  take  more  advanced  ground  or 
show  greater  interest  in  education  as  a  means  of  general  improvement 
than  the  mother  country,  in  which  the  degree  of  illiteracy  was,  until 
very  recently,  as  great  as  in  any  other  civilized  nation. 

Commenting  on  the  state  of  education  in  the  early  days  of  Cuba, 
Mr.  Packard  remarks  as  follows: 

Even  in  Habana,  up  to  the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  there  were  no  public 
elementary  schools,  and  the  need  of  them  became  so  evident  that,  by  the  munificence 
of  a  citizen  (Caraballo),  the  Bethlehemite  fathers  opened  a  school  where  reading, 
writing,  and  arithmetic  were  taught,  which  was  attended  by  200  pupils.  In  Villa 
Clara  a  school  w^as  in  existence  since  the  foundation  of  the  town,  in  1689.  In  1712 
the  philanthropic  Don  Juan  Congedo,  of  Remedios,  opened  a  free  school  there,  and 
another  in  1757  at  Carmen.  Another  was  opened  at  Arriaga  in  1759;  but  on  the 
death  of  Congedo  these  schools  were  closed.  Don  Juan  Felix  de  Moya  reopened  that 
at  Carmen,  and  the  municipality  in  1775  voted  $25  a  year  for  the  support  of  the 
other,  but  both  ceased  to  operate  definitely  in  1787.  In  1771  Matanzas,  seventy- 
eight  years  after  its  foundation,  authorized  its  governor  to  engage  a  school-teacher  in 
Habana. 

Nor  were  secondary  studies  of  a  high  character  in  the  last  century.  Then,  and 
subsequently,  too,  as  the  historian,  Bachiller,  quoted  by  Mitjans,  remarks,  more 
attention  was  paid  to  the  pretentious  form  than  the  substance,  and  the  title  of 
academy  or  institute  was  given  to  institutions  which  were  hardly  more  than  pri- 
mary schools,  which  held  out  inducements  of  a  speedy  preparation  for  the  univer- 
sity. At  that  time,  it  should  be  remembered,  the  natural  sciences  had  not  reached 
the  importance  they  subsequently  attained,  and  the  study  of  philosophy  required  the 
royal  permission,  so  that  secondary  instruction  was  reduced  to  a  superficial  study 
of  the  humanities,  especially  Latin,  which  occupied  the  leading  place  on  account  of 
its  use  in  fitting  for  the  university  and  because  teachers  of  Latin  were  easily  found 
among  the  clergy,  who  were  the  principal  factors  of  education  at  that  period.  All 
tills  may  be  said  without  detracting  from  the  praieeworthy  efforts  and  antiquity  of 
some  institutions  like  the  Chapter  of  Habana,  which  in  1603,  convinced  of  the  need 


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566  REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

of  a  teacher  of  grammar,  voted  a  hundred  dacats  for  the  support  of  one  who  should 
teach  Latin;  hut  aa  the  plan  did  not  meet  with  the  royal  approbation  they  were 
obliged  to  drop  the  project,  only  to  re\ive  it  afterwards  with  a  larger  salary.  In  the 
same  year  the  municipality  provided  for  continuing  classes  in  grammar  by  a  monk 
of  the  convent,  which  had  been  suspended.  In  1607  Bishop  Juan  de  las  Cabezas 
•  Altamirano  founded  the  Tridentine  Seminary,  the  citizens  offering  to  pay  part  of 
the  expenses  annually.  The  secular  clergy  also  gave  lessons  in  LaUu  and  morals,  as 
Conyedo  did,  who  prepared  students  for  the  priesthood  in  Villa  Clara,  and  later  Fr. 
Antonio  Perez  de  Corcho,  who  gave  lectures  on  philosophy  in  the  monastery  of  his 
order.  By  the  bull  of  Adrian  VI  of  Aprih  28,  1522,  the  Scholatria  was  established 
at  Santiago  de  Cuba  for  giving  instruction  in  Latin,  and  by  his  will,  dated  May  15, 
1571,  Capt.  Francisco  de  Paradas  left  a  considerable  sum  for  the  foundation  of  a 
school  in  Bayamo,  which  in  1 720  was  intrusted  to  the  charge  of  two  monks  of  San 
Domingo,  in  whose  hands  the  estate  increased.  In  1689  the  College  of  San  Ambro- 
sio  was  established  in  Habana  with  12  bursarships  for  the  purpose  of  preparing 
young  men  for  the  church,  but  it  did  not  fulfill  its  purpose,  and  subsequently 
received  the  severe  censure  of  Bishop  Hechavarria  Yelgueza  on  account  of  its  defec- 
tive education,  which  had  become  reduced  to  Latin  and  singing.  Fr.  Jo86  Marfa 
Penalver  opened  a  chair  of  eloquence  and  literature  in  the  convent  of  La  Merced  in 
1788,  which  also  was  not  a  success. 

After  these  attempts  the  foundation  of  a  Jesuit  college  in  Habana  gave  a  new 
impulse  to  education.  From  the  first,  according  to  the  historian  Arriete,  quoted  by 
Mitjans,  the  priests  of  this  order  had  observed  the  inclination  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Habanatoward  education,  and  Pezuela  states  in  his  history  of  Cuba  that  the  mimici- 
pality  in  1656  wished  to  establish  a  college  of  the  order,  but  the  differences  between 
the  Jesuits  and  the  prelates  in  the  other  colonies  had  been  so  frequent  that  the 
bishops  and  priests  in  Habana  opposed  the  plan.  But  as  the  population  increased 
the  demands  for  the  college  multiplied,  and  in  1717  a  citizen  of  Habana,  Don  Gre- 
gorio  Diaz  Angel,  contributed  $40,000  in  funds  for  the  support  of  the  college.  The 
necessary  license  was  obtained  in  1721;  three  more  years  were  spent  in  selecting  and 
purchasing  the  ground,  when  the  institution  was  opened  under  the  name  of  the  Col- 
lege of  San  Ignacio.  The  old  college  of  San  Ambrosio,  which  had  been  under  the 
direction  of  the  Jesuits  since  its  establishment  in  1689,  was  then  united  with  it, 
although  the  old  college  still  retained  its  distinctive  character  as  a  foundation  school 
for  the  church. 

As  early  as  1688  the  ayuntamienio  (or  dty  council)  of  Habana  applied  to  the 
Royal  Gk)vemment  to  establish  a  university  in  the  city  in  order  that  young  men 
desirous  of  study  might  not  be  compelled  to  go  to  the  mainland  or  Spain.  This 
request  was  furthered  by  Bishop  Vald^,  and  finally,  by  a  letter  of  Innocent  XIII  of 
September  12,  1721,  the  fathers  of  the  convent  of  S.  Juan  de  Letran  were  authorized 
to  found  the  iuptitution  desired,  and  after  some  years  of  preparation  it  was  opened 
in  1728,  but  the  chairs  of  morals,  philosophy,  and  canon  law  were  filled  previously 
by  the  Dominicans  even  before  the  funds  were  available.  The  university,  by  the 
order  received,  was  to  have  been  modeled  upon  that  of  Santo  Domingo,  but  finally 
the  task  of  preparing  the  regulations  for  the  new  university  was  intrusted  to  the 
fathers  above  mentioned  by  a  royal  letter  in  1732,  and  they  were  approved  by  the 
university  authorities,  the  Captain-General,  and  in  Spain  by  the  Council  of  the  Indies 
on  June  27,1734.  The  rectors,  vice-rectors,  counselors,  and  secretaries  were  to  be 
Dominicans,  a  condition  that  produced  innumerable  rivalries  and  disputes  until  1842. 
The  first  professors  were  appointed  to  their  positions  without  limit  of  time.  After- 
wards they  obtained  their  places  by  competition  and  for  a  term  of  six  years  only. 
The  first  rector,  Fr.  Tomds  de  Linares,  was  appointed  by  the  King  in  1728,  but  his 
successors  were  elected  by  the  university  authorities  and  were  renewed  annually. 
Among  the  early  rectors  were  Bishop  Morell,  of  Santa  Cruz,  and  the  renowned 
Cuban  orator,  Rafael  del  Castillo.    Unfortunately  for  a  century  the  university  was 


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EDtTCAtlON.  66Y 

an  insignificant  element  of  culture  and  was  only  useful  as  a  subject  of  boasting  on 
the  part  of  Spain  that  she  had  introduced  her  civilization  on  this  side  of  the  water 
and  on  that  of  the  Cubans  that  they  were  advancing  in  sciences  and  arts.  Several . 
causes  tended  to  restrict  the  value  of  the  university.  In  the  first  place,  it  was 
modeled  on  a  sixteenth  century  pattern.  The  Aristotelian  system  prevailed  in  its 
entirety.  The  professor  of  mathematics  was  to  teach,  besides  practical  arithmetic, 
which  consisted  of  the  first  four  rules  with  the  aurea,  elementary  geometry,  trigono- 
metry, and  astronomy  and  its  *'  deductions  for  the  use  of  our  Lord  and  King."  There 
were  polemical  and  civil  architecture,  geography,  the  sphere,  mechanics,  optics,  etc. 
These  subjects  should  have  been  included  in  the  course  of  philosophy,  and  there 
were  few  students  even  of  the  four  rules  and  the  aurea.  The  philosophical  system 
was  the  scholastic,  with  its  eternal  sumulas  and  involved  system  of  logic  and  its 
■defective  ideas  of  physics.  The  course  lasted  three  years,  the  first  two  of  which 
were  occupied  with  logic  and  the  Aristotelian  philosophy.  But  the  university  would 
not  have  benefited  much  more  if  it  had  been  modeled  upon  a  Spanish  university  of 
the  eighteenth  century,  because  the  mother  country  was  on.  the  low  scientific  level 
to. which  the  deadly  politics  of  the  Austrians  had  reduced  her.  When  Charles  III 
urged  the  rectors  of  universities  in  Spain  to  reform  education,  he  was  told  that  it  was 
impossible  to  depart  from  the  Aristotelian  system  or  follow  the  innovations  of  Galileo 
and  Newton,  because  they  were  not  in  accord  with  inviolable  tradition.  Further- 
more, it  was  not  always  possible  to  find  suitable  teachers  in  Cuba.  For  this  reason 
the  chair  of  mathematics  was  vacant  for  a  long  time.  Sometimes  the  Government 
refused  to  adopt  very  useful  ideas  on  behalf  of  the  university,  either  by  negligence 
or  ignorance,  or  for  economical  reasoqg.  Thus  the  rector,  in  1761,  petitioned  for 
the  erection  of  a  chair  of  experimental  physics,  which  was  refused,  and  two  of 
mathematics,  only  one  of  which  was  granted.  A  new  plan  of  study  was  drawn  up, 
in  view  of  the  pressing  need  of  reform,  but  was  allowed  to  lie  unnoticed.  In  1796 
Don  Jos^  Augustin  Caballero  made  an  address  in  the  section  of  sciences  and  arts 
of  the  Sociedad  Econ6mica,  in  which  he  deplored  the  backward  condition  of  educa- 
tion, which,  he  said,  retarded  and  embarassed  the  progress  of  the  arts  and  sciences, 
without,  however,  any  fault  on  the  part  of  the  teachers,  who  could  only  obey  and 
execute  their  instructions.  On  motion  of  Sefior  Caballero  a  representation  was 
made  to  the  King,  by  a  committee  of  the  society,  of  the  necessity  of  reforming 
education  in  the  itland,  banning  with  the  university.  The  committee  declared, 
among  other  things,  that  no  mathematics  was  taught,  nor  chemistry,  nor  practical 
anatomy.  General  Las  Casas  supported  this  motion,  but  the  Government  took  no 
action.  The  same  indifference,  or  worse,  was  manifested  by  the  Spanish  Govern- 
ment in  other  parts  of  America.  It  refused  to  permit  the  foundation  of  academies, 
or  universities,  or  chairs  of  mathematics,  law,  or  pilot  schools  (the  latter  being  pure 
luxuries,  the  decree  said) .  The  cacique,  Don  Juan  Cirillo  de  Castilla  endeavored 
during  thirty  years  to  obtain  permission  to  establish  a  college  for  Indians  in  his 
native  country,  but  died  finally  in  Madrid  without  obtaining  it.  The  archbishop  of 
Guatemala  left  money  by  his  will  for  establishing  a  chair  of  moral  philosophy,  but 
the  minister  directed  the  money  to  be  sent  to  Spain,  it  having  been  improperly 
devised,  as  he  declared.  Charles  IV  prohibited  the  establishment  of  the  University 
of  Merida  in  Maracaibo  on  the  ground  that  he  did  not  deem  it  expedient  that  enlight- 
enment should  become  general  in  America.  There  were  other  instances  of  the  same 
policy  in  Chile  an4  Peru;  and  yet,  notwithstanding  all  these  restrictions,  Humboldt 
observed  "  a  great  intellectual  movement  and  a  youth  endowed  with  a  fair  faculty 
for  learning  the  sciences — a  sure  sign  of  the  political  and  moral  revolution  that  was 
in  preparation." 

In  Santiago  de  Cuba  the  seminary  of  San  Basilio  Magno  was  founded  by  Bishop 
Francisco  Ger6nimo  Vald^s  in  1722,  for  ecclesiastical  studies,  with  an  endowment  of 
12,000  pesos.  This  establishment,  however,  did  not  come  into  operation  until  th^ 
latter  part  of  the  last  century.    More  important  waa  the  foundation  of  the  coUeg9 


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568  REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  18d9. 

and  seminary  of  San  Carlos  and  San  Ambrosio  in  Habana  in  1773,  which  was  not 
destined  exclusively  for  the  education  of  ecclesiastics,  but  included  three  courses  of 
philosophy  and  letters  preparatory  to,  and  besides,  the  higher  faculties  of  theology, 
law,  and  mathematics,  the  last  two  of  which,  however,  were  not  opened  until  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century, 

»»»»»»» 

The  second  epoch  in  the  intellectual  history  of  Cuba  began  with  the  administration 
of  Don  Luis  de  las  Casas,  whose  name  is  held  in  grateful  remembrance  by  Cubans, 
and  who  inaugurated  a  new  era  by  his  zealous  and  noble  enthusiasm  in  promoting 
intellectual  and  educational  activity.  He  founded  the  first  literary  periodical  and 
the  Sociedad  Econ6mica  (sometimes  called  Patri6tica)  de  Habana,  which  has  been 
the  first  mover  in  all  the  advances  in  the  material  interests  and  education  of  the 
island.  With  him  cooperated  an  eminent  physician.  Dr.  Romay;  Arango,  the  dis- 
tinguished writer  on  economics;  Caballero;  Penalver,  archbishop  of  Guatemala;  and 
many  others.  The  Sociedad  £con6mica  was  charged  by  a  royal  order  with  the  care  of 
education  in  Cuba.  An  inventory  was  taken  of  the  primary  schools  in  1793  and  a 
deplorable  state  of  affairs  was  found.  In  Habana  there  were  only  39  schools,  32  of 
which  were  for  girls,  and  the  instruction  was  of  the  worst,  nothing  but  reading  being 
taught  in  many  of  them  which  were  in  charge  of  colored  women.  The  society  then 
founded  two  free  schools  for  the  poor  of  both  sexes.  The  society  met  with  much 
opposition,  in  part  from  Bishop  Trespalacios,  who  was  envious  of  Las  Casas,  but  it 
succeeded  in  founding  schools  with  the  help  of  the  religious  orders,  particularly  the 
school  of  the  Benificencia  in  1799  and  the  Ursulines  in  1803.  It  endeavored  to  estab- 
lish members  of  the  order  of  San  Sulpici(if  which  had  met  with  such  success  with 
education  in  New  Orleans,  but  without  result.  Outside  the  capital  gratuitous 
instruction  for  the  people  did  not  exist;  except  in  isolated  cases  due  to  individual 
efforts,  principally  of  the  clergy.  In  1801  the  Sociedad  took  another  school  census 
and  found  the  number  of  schools  in  the  city  to  be  71,  with  2,000  pupils,  most  of 
which  were  not  under  the  government  and  were  taught  by  ignorant  colored  women 
who  had  neither  method  nor  order.  Recognizing  these  fatal  defects,  the  society 
endeavoretl  to  induce  the  government  to  issue  regulations  reforming  the  schools  and 
providing  faithful,  competent,  and  interested  teachers,  but  without  result  In  1816 
the  section  of  education  was  formed  and  the  government  granted  $32,000  for  primary 
instruction,  and  at  this  time  some  improvements  in  the  condition  of  this  branch  were 
made.  But  notwithstanding  the  efforts  of  individuals,  the  funds  were  insufficient 
for  the  growing  needs,  and  some  of  the  new  schools  had  only  an  ephemeral  existence. 

Secondary  and  superior  education. — The  society  also  devoted  its  enei^gies  to  opening 
new  branches  of  study  in  higher  education.  In  1793  it  was  proposed  to  found  a 
chair  of  chemistry,  and  a  subscription  of  $24,615  was  immediately  raised;  but  owing 
to  the  difficulty  of  finding  a  professor  in  Europe  the  chair  was  not  filled  until  1819. 
The  apparatus  was  brought  from  Europe,  and  after  some  delay  quarters  for  a  labora- 
tory were  found  in  the  hospital  of  San  Ambrosio.  The  first  professor  was  Don  Joe6 
Tasso. 

The  society  in  1794  formed  a  plan  of  secondary  instruction,  which  included  mathe- 
matics, drawing,  physics,  chemistr}',  natural  history,  botany,  and  anatomy.  (The 
date  and  scope  of  this  plan  are  noteworthy.  Its  spirit  is  quite  modem.)  The  crea- 
tion of  a  botanic  garden  was  proposed  in  1795,  but  the  plan  did  not  meet  with  such 
enthusiasm  as  the  chemical  laboratory,  which,  it  was  hoped,  might  be  of  use  to  the 
sugar  industry.  The  course  of  anatomy  was  opened  in  1797.  In  this  same  year  a 
real  revolution  took  place  in  the  instruction  in  philosophy  at  the  Colegio  Seminario 
de  San  Carlos,  the  old  Aristotelian  philosophy  becoming  replaced  by  modem  meth- 
ods in  the  lectures  on  logic  of  Caballero.  But  in  1811,  when  Felix  Varela  took  the 
chair  of  philosophy,  the  old  system  received  its  death  blow,  the  names  of  modem 
thinkers  became  familiar  in  the  schools,  and  their  doctrines  were  freely  examined. 


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EDUCATION.  569 

The  8tudent8  were  taught  to  use  their  reason  as  a  guide  and  to  ignore  all  the  useless 
quibbles  and  confused  terminology  of  the  scholastic  philosophy.  One  of  his  pupils, 
afterwards  well  known  in  Cuba,  Don  Jos6  de  la  Luz,  said  of  his  teacher,  **He  was 
the  first  who  taught  us  to  think."  He  also  used  Spanish  instead  of  Latin  in  his  lec- 
tures, retaining  the  latter  only  one  day  in  the  week  in  order  that  its  use  might  not 
be  forgotten.  Part  of  his  Institutions  of  Eclectic  Philosophy  were  published  in 
Spanish.  In  physics  Varela  was  also  an  esteemed  professor,  but  later  on  this  chair 
at  the  college  was  filled  by  Jos^  Antonio  Saco,  who  followed  in  brilliant  lectures, 
day  by  day,  the  most  recent  discoveries  made  in  Europe.  The  government  having 
ordered,  in  1813,  that  political  economy  should  be  taught  in  the  universities,  the 
Sociedad  Econ6mica  established  a  chair  of  this  subject  in  San  Carlos  in  1818,  which 
was  supported  by  voluntary  subscriptions.  The  new  spirit  was  shown  further  by  a 
change  in  the  law  course  from  an  excessive  devotion  to  the  study  of  the  Roman 
digests  to  the  fuller  study  of  Spanish  law.  At  this  period  medicine,  which,  as  we 
shall  see,  received  such  preeminent  attention  at  a  later  period,  was  far  behind  the 
age.  Until  1824  there  was  no  chair  of  surgery,  and  chemistry  and  philosophy  were 
twenty  years  behind  the  times.  The  promoters  of  superior  instruction  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  new  epoch,  which  Mitjans  puts  between  1790  and  1820,  were  Las  Casas, 
Bishop  Espado,  and  the  intendent  Ramirez,  who  was  mainly  instrumental  in  organ- 
izing the  instruction  in  chemistry  and  other  scientific  branches,  with  the  constant 
cooperation  of  the  Sociedad  Econ6mica.    »    ♦    * 

In  the  second  period  of  the  new  epoch — from  1820  to  1842 — the  Sociedad  Eco- 
n6mica,  always  in  the  vanguard  of  the  intellectual  movement,  began  to  find  the 
fruits  of  its  earlier  efforts  in  the  works  of  the  younger  men  who  had  profited  by  them, 
and  in  1830  a  committee  on  history  was  formed  and  another  on  literature.  The  Gov- 
ernment was  now  in  far  other  hands  than  those  of  Las  Casas,  and  did  its  best  in  the 
person  of  General  Tacon  to  suppress  the  new  political  and  ecomical  views>  mainly, 
it  is  true,  on  account  of  articles  which  appeared  in  the  journals  published  under  the 
auspices  of  the  society.  Still,  in  1833,  by  virtue  of  a  royal  order,  the  committee  on 
literature  constituted  itself  an  independent  academy,  which  encouraged  or  founded 
literary  periodicals.  Its  serious  were  the  place  of  meeting  for  all  the  leading  men 
in  Cuba  who  were  interested  in  letters  and  new  ideas,  and  it  collected  a  valuable 
library.    *    »    ♦ 

The  political  changes  of  1820  in  Spain  had  their  effect  upon  education.  Upon  the 
suppression  of  the  convents  the  Government  gave  the  chapel  of  one  of  the  Augustine 
orders  to  the  Sociedad  Econ6mica  for  establishing  a  normal  school,  and  established 
a  chair  of  constitutional  law  in  the  seminary  of  San  Carlos  and  in  the  university, 
but  both  the  normal  school  and  the  new  chairs  were  soon  after  suppressed  by  another 
political  change  in  1824,  and  the  $32,000  which  the  section  of  education  had  received 
from  the  municipality  for  elementary  education  was  also  reduced,  soon  after  which 
that  section  received  its  deathblow  by  the  royal  order  of  February  8, 1825,  withdraw- 
ing the  funds  which  had  been  allotted  to  it,  in  consequence  of  which  it  was  no  longer 
possible  to  maintain  the  new  free  schools.  It  is  to  be  observed  that  during  the  reign 
of  Ferdinand  VII  the  university,  which  was  more  directly  connected  with  the  Madrid 
Government,  suffered  more  than  San  Carlos,  which  wm  protected  by  the  Sociedad 
Econ6mica  and  the  diocesan  bishop,  and  it  remained  in  a  backward  state  until  the 
Government  commissioned  Francisco  de  Arango  to  examine  and  report  upon  the  con- 
dition of  the  institution,  which  task  he  accomplished,  with  the  aid  of  those  most 
interested  in  the  needed  reforms.  His  report  in  1827  led  to  the  reforms  embodied  in 
the  plan  of  1842.  The  medical  faculty  meanwhile  was  reorganized  and  modernized, 
and  philosophy  also,  in  the  hands  of  the  new  teachers,  became  a  living  force,  the 
French  school  (Cousin)  being  represented  in  the  period  from  1840  to  1856. 

In  primary  and  secondary  education  a  great  advance  was  made  in  the  private  col- 
leges.   From  1827  to  1830  the  convenient  distinction  was  drawn  between  elementary 


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570  UEPORT  OK   THE   CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899, 

and  snperior  inBtniction,  and  new  colleges  were  established  (five  in  number)  in 
which  the  instruction  was  so  excellent  that  it  was  said  in  1830  that  there  was  no 
longer  any  need  to  send  young  men  abroad  for  their  education.  The  professors  ip 
these  colleges  were  well-known  men  of  letters. 

As  to  free  primary  instruction,  outside  of  Habana  and  Matangas  it  was  in  an 
exceedingly  backward  state.  The  census  of  1833  showed  that  there  were  only  9,082 
pupils  registered  in  the  schools  of  the  whole  island,  and  this  figure  is  far  above  the 
number  of  those  actually  attending.  There  were  then  190,000  or  200,000  inhabitants 
under  16  years  of  age.  The  provinces  of  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago,  with  250,000 
or  300,000  inhabitants  each,  had  1,408  and  991  pupils  in  school  in  1840,  respectively. 
In  Villa  Clara  there  was  only  one  school  from  1821  to  1834.    ♦    *    ♦ 

Secondary  and  superior  instruction,^ — ^The  royal  decrees  concerning  secondary  and 
superior  instruction  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  during  the  first  half  of  the  century 
provided  principally  for  making  valid  in  Spain  the  titles  of  licentiate  or  doctor 
obtained  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico.  In  1863  a  general  reform  of  public  instruction 
was  effected,  by  virtue  of  which  it  was  divided  into  primary,  secondary,  superior, 
and  professional  branches.  In  1871  a  decree  provides  that  professors  of  the  University 
of  Habana  are  eligible  for  professorships  in  Spain,  which  was  followed  in  1878  by  a 
decree  making  the  professorate  in  the  colonies  and  the  Peninsula  one  body. 

In  1880,  at  the  close  of  the  ten-year  insurrection,  special  schools,  which  had  been 
called  for  by  circumstances,  such  as  the  dental  college  of  Habana,  were  created, 
besides  societies  of  agriculture,  industry,  and  commerce.  In  this  year  the  minister 
for  the  colonies  drew  up  a  memorial  of  the  unsatisfactory  condition  of  public  educa- 
tion in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  especially  in  regard  to  the  university  and  institute  of 
Habana.  It  recites  that  the  first  step  toward  secularizing  education  and  assimilating 
it  with  that  of  Spain  in  that  respect  was  taken  in  1842,  and  that  the  assimilation  was 
nearly  complete  by  1863,  as  far  as  legislation  and  form  were  concerned.  But  Cuba, 
he  adds,  was  not  then  prepared  for  so  vast  and  centralized  an  organization,  and 
many  obstacles  and  delays  arose  that  checked  the  proposed  reform.  The  insurrec- 
tion of  1868  interfered  with  education  very  seriously,  interrupting  the  studies,  and  so 
making  it  difficult  or  impossible  for  students  to  finish  their  courses,  which  again 
unfitted  them  to  become  teachers  in  the  secondary  schools  which  were  soon  after 
established  all  over  the  island.  This  state  of  things  also  interfered  with  the  habili- 
tation  in  the  Peninsula  of  studies  followed  in  Cuba,  and  so  tended  to  separate  the 
two  countries  in  that  respect.  All  these  considerations  led  to  the  decree  of  June  18, 
1880,  regulating  superior  and  secondary  instruction,  and  coordinating  those  branches 
in  Cuba  with  the  same  grades  in  Spain  established  by  the  decrees  of  1874  and  order  of 
1875.  One  of  the  principal  features  of  this  decree  was  the  article  authorizing  the 
establishment  of  a  secondary  institution  in  the  capital  of  each  Cuban  province,  at 
the  expense  of  the  province  or  municipality,  with  a  subvention  from  the  Grovemor- 
Greneral  from  the  estimates  for  the  island.  <  In  capitals  where  there  were  no  public 
secondary  institutes,  colleges  of  the  religious  orders  might  be  substituted  by  the 
Governor-General  with  the  advice  of  the  council.  But  the  degrees  granted  by  these 
private  institutions  were  to  be  verified,  as  only  the  degrees  of  public  institutions  were 
recognized.  In  accordance  with  this  decree  an  institute  of  secondary  education  was 
established  in  Porto  Rico  in  1882,  there  being  already  several  in  Cuba;  an  agricul- 
tural commission  was  organized  in  Cuba,  and  in  1885  a  professional  school  was  estab- 
lished in  Porto  Rico  like  those  in  Habana,  where  there  were  a  nautical  school,  a 
professional  school  proper,  fitting  its  students  to  practice  chemistry  and  the  mechanic 
arts,  and  an  art  school.  In  1886  the  following  plan  of  studies  were  drawn  up  for  the 
law  faculty  of  the  University  of  Habana,  which  we  give  here  for  the  sake  of  showing 

1  From  the  Diccionario  de  Legislacidn  de  Tii8trucci6ii  Pdblica.  Edaardo  Orbanejo.  ValladoUd, 
1893. 


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EDUCATION.  571 

the  scope  of  the  studies  in  that  department.  There  are  two  sections,  one  of  the 
candidates  for  the  licentiate  and  the  other  for  the  doctor's  degree. 

Section  of  the  licentiate:  Metaphysics,  general  and  Spanish  literature,  critical 
history  of  Spain,. elements  of  law,  political  economy  and  statistics,  general  history  of 
Spanish  law,  principles  of  Roman  law;  Spanish  law,  civil,  common,  and  statute; 
criminal  law;  mercantile  law  of  Spain,  and  of  the  principal  countries  of  Europe  and 
America;  principles  of  canon  law,  political  and  administrative  law,  elements  of 
finance,  public  international  law,  private  international  law;  proceedings  in  civil, 
criminal,  canon,  and  administrative  law,  and  theory  and  practice  of  briefing  public 
instruments. 

Section  of  doctorate:  Philosophy  of  law,  higher  course  of  Roman  law,  church  his- 
tory and  discipline,  public  ecclesiastical  law,  history  and  critical  examination  of  the 
principal  treaties  between  Spain  and  other  powers,  principles  of  public  law  of 
ancient  and  modem  peoples,  history  of  private  law  of  ancient  and  modem  peoples; 
law  literature,  principally  Spanish. 

A  similar  reform  was.  effected  in  the  faculties  of  medicine  and  pharmacy  of  the 
University  of  Habana  in  1887  by  a  royal  decree,  which  brought  that  faculty  upon 
the  level  of  a  Spanish  university.    The  plan  of  studies  was  as  follows: 

Preparatory  course, — ^Physics,  advanced  course;  general  chemistry;  mineralogy  and 
botany;  zoology. 

These  subjects  were  to  be  studied  in  the  /acuity  of  sciences  and  natural  history. 

Section  of  liceniiaies. — Descriptive  anatomy  and  embryology;  normal  histology  and 
hiflto-chemistry;  technical  anatomy,  practice  in  dissection,  in  histology  and  histo- 
chemistry; human  physiology,  theoretical  and  experimental;  private  hygiene;  gen- 
eral pathology,  with  clinics  and  clinical  preliminaries;  therapeutics,  materia  medica, 
with  writing  prescriptions,  and  hydrology,  hydrotherapeutics,  and  electrotherapeutics; 
pathological  anatomy;  sui^cal  pathology;  topographic  anatomy;  practice  of  medi- 
cine, with  clinics;  cUnical  surgery,  medical  pathology,  clinical  medicine;  obstetrics 
and  gynecology,  with  clinics;  special  course  on  the  diseases  of  children,  with  clinics; 
public  hygiene,  with  medical  statistics  and  sanitary  legislation;  legal  and  toxico- 
logical  medicine. 

Course  for  doctorcUe. — Critical  history  of  medicine;  public  hygiene,  advanced 
course,  including  a  historical  and  geographical  course  of  endemics  and  epidemics; 
biological  chemistry,  with  analysis;  chemical  analysis,  especially  of  poisons. 

Lectures  upon  some  of  the  above  studies  are  appointed  to  be  had  every  day  during 
the  course,  others  daily  for  a  certain  time,  and  others  twice  a  week,  according  .to  the 
importance  of  the  subject. 

The  plan  of  studies  for  pharmacy  included  the  preparatory  course  above  given. 
Then  follows: 

Course  for  licentiates. — Study  of  physical  instruments  and  apparatus  as  applied  to 
pharmacy,  with  exercises  for  practice;  descriptive  botany,  with  determination  of 
medical  plants;  mineralogy  and  zoology  applied  to  pharmacy,  with  the  correspond- 
ing pharmaceutical  material;  inorganic  chemistry  applied  to  pharmacy,  with  exer- 
cises; v^etable  materia  pharmaceutica;  exercises  in  animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral 
materia  pharmaceutica;  organic  chemistry  applied  to  pharmacy,  with  exercises; 
chemical  analysis,  particularly  of  foods,  medicines,  and  poisons,  with  exercises; 
practical  pharmacy  and  sanitary  legislation. 

Course  for  doctort^  degree, — Biological  chemistry,  with  analysis;  critical  history  of 
pharmacy  and  pharmaceutical  bibUography. 

The  decree  specifies  in  what  way  the  programme  is  to  be  carried  out  This  pro- 
gramme is  essentially  the  same  as  that  of  a  European  university. 

As  showing  a  disposition  to  adopt  new  features,  it  is  important  to  note  that  the 
same  decree  that  contains  the  above  programme  also  directs  that  a  chair  of  industrial 
mechanics  and  applied  chemistry  shall  be  created  in  the  Habana  Institute.    This 


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572  REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

institute  already  poseeesed  a  chair  of  experimental  physics,  while  practically  chem- 
istry and  mechanics  were  taught  in  the  profespional  schools. 

We  give  also  the  plan  of  studies  of  the  faculties  of  philosophy  and  letters  and  of 
sciences  of  the  university  as  prescribed  by  royal  order  of  1887,  together  with  the 
attendance  of  1888-89. 

As  these  studies  are  of  a  general  nature  they  are  not  designed  to  fit  students  for 
professions  like  the  special  subjects  in  the  law  and  medical  faculties.  The  list  shows 
the  interest  shown  in  such  subjects. 

Programme  of  the  Royal  UmvergUy  of  Habanay  1S88-89. 

FACULTY   OF  PHILOSOPHY   AND   LETTEBS. 

Students. 

General  and  Spanish  literature 119 

General  literature 7 

Spanish  literature w 15 

Greek,  first  course 19 

Greek,  second  course 10 

Greek  and  Latin  literature 12 

General  history: 

First  course 19 

Second  course 25 

Metaphysics: 

First  course 132 

Second  course 12 

Critical  history  of  Spain 124 

Hebrew 1 

Arabic 8 

^Esthetics 4 

History  of  philosophy 4 

Critical  history  of  Spanish  literature 6 

Sanskrit 5 

Note. — At  the  same  time  24  students  were  classified  in  this  faculty  from  pri- 
vate instruction,  having  passed  their  examinations — i.  e.,  their  degrees  having 
been  verified,  as  explained  in  the  decrees.  Of  these  24,  5  were  examined  in 
Porto  Rico. 

FACULTY  OP  SCIENCES. 

General  studies: 

Mathematical  analysis — 

First  course 19 

Second  course 7 

Geometry 19 

Analytical  geometry 6 

Cosmography  and  physics  of  the  globe 8 

Advanced  physics • 137 

General  chemistry .  141 

General  zoology '. 138 

Mineralogy  and  botany ^ 138 

Linear  drawing 9 

Physico-mathematical  sciences: 

Differential  and  integral  calculus 2 

Theoretical  mechanics 1 

Descriptive  geometry *. 1 

Advanced  experimental  physics ^ 6 


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EDUCATION.  573 

Physico-mathematical  sciences — Continued. 
Higher  physics — 

First  course 1 

Second  course '. 2 

Experimental)  first  course 1 

Experimental,'  second  course 2 

Geodesy 1 

Mathematical  physics 3 

Theoretical  and  practical  astronomy 3 

Physics  and  chemistry — 

Inorganic  chemistry 4 

Experimental  chemistry ^ 4 

Organic  chemistry  and  experimental 8 

Drawing  applied  to  physico-chemical  science 3 

Natural  scienceSi  including  anatomy  and  animal  and  vegetable  physiology,  miner- 
alogy, zoography  of  vertebrates,  articulates,  mollusks,  and  zoophytes,  phytography 
and  botanical  geography,  drawing  applied  to  natural  history,  comparative  anatomy, 
and  stratigraphic  paleontology,  27  students  in  all. 

We  give  the  programme  of  the  Institute  of  Habana,  to  illustrate  the  grade  or  scope 
of  this  class  of  instruction  in  Cuba.  The  programmes  of  the  other  provincial  insti- 
tutes are  essentially  similar  to  it,  some  of  the  commercial  subjects  being  dropped  or 
changed:  Latin  and  Spanish  (two  courses),  rhetoric  and  poetry,  geography,  Spanish 
history,  general  history,  psychology,  logic  and  ethics,  arithmetic  and  algebra,  geom- 
etry and  trigonometry,  physics,  chemistry,  natural  history,  physiology  and  hygiene, 
agriculture,  mercantile  arithmetic  and  bookkeeping,  geography  and  commercial 
statistics,  political  economy,  practical  commercial  exercises,  chemistry  applied  to  the 
arts,  industrial  mechanics,  French,  English,  and  German  (two  courses  each). 
This,  it  will  be  seen,  is  a  very  "practical"  course. 

The  preparatory  course  of  the  professional  school  of  the  island  of  Cuba  comprised 
arithmetic,  algebra,  linear  drawing,  geometry,  trigonometry,  and  ornamental  draw- 
ing, while  the  professional  course  proper  embraced  topography,  theoretical  and  prac- 
tical surveying,  topographical  drawing,  descriptive  geometry,  the  mechanics  of  con- 
struction, strength  of  materials,  construction  of  all  kinds,  building  and  architectural 
drawing,  international  mercantile  law,  history  of  commerce,  the  materials  of  com- 
merce, cosmography,  pilotage,  and  hand  work. 

The  school  of  painting  and  sculpture  of  Habana  had  454  students.  The  programme 
included  elementary  drawing,  drawing  from  the  antique,  sculpture,  landscapes  in  lead 
pencil,  carbon,  and  oil,  both  copies  and  from  nature;  color  drawing,  claro-obecuro, 
copies  of  pictures;  drawing  from  nature,  from  the  living  model,  and  original  com- 
positions. 

The  programmes  given  above  are  too  general  to  enable  one  to  judge  of  the  quality 
of  the  instruction.  For.  instance,  Greek  might  cover  Xenophon,  or  lectures  on  the 
tragic  i)oets,  or  Homer,  and  geometry  might  include  anything  from  elementary 
geometry  up  to  that  of  three  dimensions.  The  inaugural  addresses,  1888-89,  how- 
ever, before  the  university  allow  us  to  form  an  opinion.  Thus,  the  inaugural 
address  in  1890  of  Dr.  Don  Juan  Vilaro  y  Diaz  is  a  very  able  paper  upon  some  points 
in  evolution,  which  are  supported  by  a  large  number  of  references  to  observations  by 
the  author  himself  and  other  persons.  They  range,  as  usual,  in  the  full  exposition 
of  the  argument  from  paleontological  data  down  to  variations  in  living  spieces,  and 
the  essay  is  in  support  of  natural  selection.  The  programmes  at  hand,  while  con- 
taining a  plentiful  amount  of  theoretical,  mathematical,  and  physical  subjects,  have 
less  applied  science,  such  as  electrical  and  mechanical  engineering,  than  is  found  in 
the  technological  schools  elsewhere,  where  manufactures  and  various  industries 
make  a  demand  for  them.    *    *    * 


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574  BBPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUSA,  1899. 

Until  the  last  century  was  far  advanced  the  Cubans  had  not  a  single  public  insti- 
tution where  they  could  have  their  children  taught  to  read  and  write.  The  first 
school  was  that  of  the  Bethlehemite  fathers  in  Habana,  and  was  established  through 
the  generosity  of  Don  Juan  F.  Carballo.  He  was,  according  to  some  authorities,  a 
native  of  Seville,  and  according  to  others,  of  the  Canary  Islands.  He  repaid  thus 
generously  the  debt  of  gratitude  he  owed  the  country  where  he  had  acquired  his 
wealth.  Already,  in  the  sixteenth  century,  a  philanthropist  of  Santiago  de  Cuba, 
Francisco  Paradas,  had  afforded  a  like  good  example  by  bequeathing  a  large  estate 
for  the  purpose  of  teaching  Latin  linguistics  and  Christian  morals.  The  legacy  was 
eventually  made  of  avail  by  the  Dominican  friars,  who  administered  it,  but  when 
the  convents  were  abolished  it  was  swallowed  by  the  royal  treasury,  and  thus  the 
beneficent  intentions  of  the  founders  were  frustrated,  to  the  permanent  danger  of  the 
unfortunate  country.  Only  these  two  institutions,  due  entirely  to  individual  initia- 
tive, are  recorded  in  our  scholastic  annals  during  the  three  first  centuries  of  the 
colony.  The  thirst  and  scent  for  gold  reigned  supreme.  The  sons  of  wealthy  fami- 
lies, in  the  absence  of  learning  at  home,  sought  schools  and  colleges  in  foreign  parts 
(in  this  century).  On  their  return,  with  the  patriotic  zeal  natural  to  cultured  men, 
they  endeavored  to  better  the  intellectual  condition  of  their  compatriots.  This 
enforced  emigration  of  Cubans  in  quest  of  learning  was  fought  against  by  our  Gov- 
ernment The  children  of  Cuban  families  were  forbidden  to  be  educated  in  foreign 
countries.  This  despotic  measure  was  adopted  without  any  honest  effort  being  made 
to  establish  schools  for  instructing  the  children  of  a  population  already  numbering 
nearly  600,000  souls. 

The  Sociedad  Econ6mica  was  founded  in  1793,  during  the  time  of  Las  Casas,  whose 
name  has  always  been  venerated  among  Cubans.  Then,  as  now,  the  members  of 
this  association  were  the  most  talented  men  of  the  country,  and  their  best  efforts 
were  directed  toward  promoting  public  instruction.  It  gave  impulse  and  organiza- 
tion to  the  school  system  in  Cuba.  It  established  inspections,  collected  statistics, 
and  founded  a  newspaper  to  promote  instruction  and  devoted  its  profits  to  this  cause. 
It  raised  funds  and  labored  with  such  zeal  and  enthusiasm  that  it  finally  secured  the 
assistance  of  the  coloni&l  government  and  obtained  an  appropriation,  though  but  of 
small  amount,  for  the  benefit  of  popular  instruction. 

In  1793  there  were  only  7  schools  for  boys  in  the  capital  of  Cuba,  in  which  408 
white  and  144  free  colored  children  could  be  educated.  From  this  privil^e  the 
slaves  were  debarred.  The  7  schools  referred  to,  besides  a  number  of  seminaries  for 
girls,  afforded  a  means  of  livlihood  for  a  number  of  free  mulattoes  and  some  whites. 
The  schools  were  private  undertakings,  paid  for  by  the  parents.  Only  one,  that  of 
the  reverend  Father  Senor,  of  Habana,  was  a  free  school.  Reading,  writing,  and 
arithmetic  were  taught  in  these  schools.  Lorrenzo  Lendez,  a  mulatto  of  Habana, 
was  the  only  one  who  taught  Spanish  grammar.  The  poor  of  the  free  colored 
classes  were  on  a  par  with  the  slaves.  The  Sociedad  Eecon6mica  founded  2  free 
schools,  one  for  each  sex.  The  bishop,  Felix  Jos6  de  Tres  Palacios,  nullified  the 
laudable  efforts  of  the  country's  well  wishers  by  maintaining  that  it  was  unnecssary 
to  establish  more  schools.  From  1793  to  1893  the  society  was  unable  to  accomplish 
even  a  part  of  its  noble  purpose;  it  was  found  impossible  to  obtain  an  official  sanc- 
tion of  popular  education.  In  1817  there  were  90  schools  in  the  rest  of  the  island— 
19  districts — ^all,  or  nearly  all,  founded  by  private  individuals.  In  1816  the  section 
of  education  of  the  Sociedad  Econ6mica  was  established.  It  afforded  a  powerful 
impulse  to  the  cause  of  education,  thanks  to  the  influential  support  of  the  governor, 
Don  Aliquando  Ramirez.  The  schools  improved,  the  boys  and  girls,  both  white  and 
black,  were  taught  separately,  literary  contests  were  opened,  annual  examinations 
were  made  obligatory,  prizes  were  distributed,  and  a  powerful  incentive  was  created 
among  all  classes  for  the  cause  of  education.  But  the  concessions  attained  for  the 
society  by  the  influence  of  Ramirez  were  revoked  by  royal  order  of  February,  1824. 


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EDUCATION. 


575 


In  this  o^ear  the  mnnicipality  of  Habana  loaned  the  Sociedad  Patri6tica  $100  for 
schools. 

In  1826  there  were  only  140  schools  in  the  island,  of  which  16  were  free,  and  in 
1827  the  society  obtained  $8,000  per  annom  for  the  establishment  and  maintenance 
of  new  schools.  In  1836  there  were  only  9,082  children  receiving  elementary  instruc- 
tion in  the  whole  island.  In  1860  the  number  of  schools  had  increased  to  283  for 
whites  and  2  for  colored,  yet  the  attendant  was  proportionately  less  than  in  1836, 
owing  to  the  increase  in  population.  Popular  instruction  was  neglected  or  despised 
by  deputy  governors  (military). 

The  reformed  course  of  studies  of  1863  did  not  improve  the  condition  of  the  schools, 
and  the  secretary  of  the  governor  made  recommendations  that  virtually  tended  to 
keep  the  population  in  ignorance  in  order  to  keep  it  Spanish.  In  1883  the  schools 
numbered  as  foUows: 


Provlnoe. 

Public. 

Private. 

Vacant, 

Hubanft x  x . . .  x . 

173 
96 
82 

103 
24 
68 

101 
22 
18 
18 
4 
21 

s 

Matfinan 

18 

Pln^rilHWo.' 

26 

Santa  Clam 

8 

Puerto  Principe '. 

8 

Santiago  de  Ciitn 

15 

Total 

636 

184 

67 

But  the  teachers  were  not  paid  and  public  instruction  was  neglected.  This  work 
gives  a  list  of  names  of  wealthy  Cubans,  both  men  and  wom^,  who  have  founded 
colleges  and  schools,  and  of  societies  which  have  the  promotion  of  education  for  their 
object.  The  author  adds  that  the  clei^  are  indifferent  in  this  matter.  There  is  not 
one  parish  which  supports  a  free  or  endowed  school. 

The  preamble  of  a  decree  reforming  education  in  Cuba  was  published  in  the  Offi- 
cial Gazette  of  Habana,  November  17,  1871,  and  a  translation  of  it  is  given  in  an 
appendix  in  the  work  just  quoted.  On  account  of  its  historical  interest  we  give  a 
summary  of  a  portion  of  the  preamble.  It  states  that  the  insurrection  of  1868  was 
due  to  the  bad  system  of  education;  that  while  the  old  methods  were  slow,  the  new 
are  prompted  by  eagerness  for  hurry,  and  the  child  is  taught  a  number  of  things, 
whereas  its  mind  is  unable  to  comprehend  many  things  at  a  time.  A  number  of 
subjects  should  therefore  be  suppressed.  Balm^  is  quoted  as  the  authority  for  the  psy- 
chology and  pedagogy  of  the  preamble.  The  latter  goes  on  to  say  that  this  haste  to 
teach  many  things  has  made  religious  instruction  secondary  to  that  of  the  arts  and 
sciences,  a  fatal  error  which  has  produced  fatal  consequences."  It  refers  to  statistics 
to  show  that  crime  has  increased  with  education,  and  states  that  Aim^  Martin  found 
the  remedy  for  this  evil  in  educating  instead  of  merely  instructing.  But  as  there 
were  many  religious  sects,  Martin  unfortunately  selected  an  irreligious  religion  as  the 
means  of  educating,  and  consequently  there  was  no  decrease  in  crime.  Seflor  Lasagra 
is  quoted  to  prove  that  suicides  are  more  numerous  in  Protestant  than  in  Catholic 
countries,  and  more  so  in  the  capitals  than  elsewhere.  This  is  due  to  too  great  indi- 
vidual freedom  of  thought  and  consequent  changes  in  social  and  economic  condi- 
tions, which  have  produced  dissatisfaction,  despair,  and  suicide.  Philosophical  and 
religious  sects  have  multiplied,  and  the  multiplicity  of  these  has  always  and  every- 
where produced  doubt  and  skepticism,  which  in  their  turn  have  engendered  a 
materialism  whose  only  offspring  is  disbelief  in  virtue  and  morality.  Under  its 
influence  some  are  tortured  with  unhappiness  without  hope  of  the  future,  while 
others  are  filled  with  envy.  Religious  instruction  had  been  too  much  neglected  or 
too  c^irelessly  performed,  and  the  real  remedy  would  consist  in  Christianizing  or 
Catholicising  education  by  putting  the  government  and  municipal  machinery  of  edu- 


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576  REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

cation  in  the  hands  of  the  religious  teaching  orders,  when  the  evil  would  disappear,  r 
It  goes  on  to  say,  with  severe  condemnation  of  the  schools  where  they  had  taught, 
that  many  of  the  insurgents  had  been  teachers,  and  mentions  particularly  the  school 
formerly  conducted  by  Jos^  de  la  Luz.  Instruction  must  be  supplemented  by  moral 
and  religious  education,  and  great  care  should  be  taken  to  prevent  access  to  (politi- 
cally) evil  literature.  Even  in  text-books  of  elementary  geography,  it  declares, 
have  wicked  doctrines  been  inserted.  .In  one  of  them  we  read  that  the  greatest 
event  of  the  present  century  in  America  was  the  revolt  of  Bolivar.  "See  under 
what  seductive  forms  the  minds  of  children  are  predisposed  to  treason ! ' '  The  pream- 
ble concludes  by  recommending  a  greater  scope  to  religious  instruction,  the  suppres- 
sion of  private  teaching,  and  placing  the  plans  of  studies  under  the  Catholic  clergy. 

There  is  a  number  of  learned  societies  in  Habana,  and  Mr.  A.  P.  C.  Griffin,  of  the 
Library  of  Congress,  has  published  a  list  of  thirty-three  whose  publications  are  received 
in  Washington.  By  means  of  these  publications  and  separate  works,  like  the  History 
of  Pezuela  and  the  Natural  History  of  Sagra,  the  history  of  Cuba,  its  natural  history 
(land  and  marine  fauna,  mineralogy,  and  botany),  ethnology,  and  geology  have  been 
made  known,  while  the  meteorology  of  the  region  has  been  investigated  by  the 
observatory,  whose  work  is  known  all  over  the  scientific  world.  The  number  of 
medical  journals  is  noticeable,  and  Volume  XXXIV  (August  and  September,  1897) 
of  the  Anales  de  la  Real  Sociedad  de  Ciencias  M^dicas,  Ffsicas  y  Naturales  (the  only 
specimen  at  hand),  contains  four  articles  on  medical  subjects,  \dz,  a  criticism  by  Dr. 
Santos  Fernandez  upon  certain  experiments  ^ith  the  X-rays  upon  a  blind  person, 
another  upon  the  bacillus  of  the  tuberculosis  of  Koch,  and  the  two  others  are  experi- 
mental studies  connected  with  typhoid  fever.  The  remaining  article  of  the  number 
is  a  long  and  masterly  account  of  the  discovery  of  argon  and  prediction  of  helium,  by 
Dr.  Gaston  Alonso  Cuadrado.  The  Revista  Cubano  contains  able  articles  upon  gen- 
eral philosophical,  historical,  and  other  subjects,  besides  those  of  especial  interest  on 
Cuba.  The  paper  upon  elementary  education  by  Sefior  Rodriguez,  which  we  have 
used,  was  published  in  that  re\iew.  Judging  from  the  titles  of  the  periodicals,  we 
should  say  that  there  is  little  of  mechanical  or  electrical  engineering  or  "applied  sci- 
ence" in  them,  for  which  there  is  probably  no  demand  in  Cuba,  while  the  exhaustive 
mathematical  treatment  of  such  subjects  (especially  that  which  Was  "  made  in  Ger- 
many," like  much  recent  "American  science")  has  been  imported  into  the  United 
States  in  the  last  twenty-five  or  thirty  years,  w^here  there  is  a  field  and  demand  for  it 
But  for  a  population  of  200,000  souls,  including  many  blacks,  the  number  of  scientific, 
educational,  and  literary  periodicals  in  Havana  is  remarkable,  and  they  contain  valu- 
able original  articles. 

From  the  foregoing  sketch  it  appears  that  public  education  dates 
from  1842,  prior  to  which  year  but  little  attention  had  been  given  to 
free  schools,  and  that  elementary  education  was  mainly  limited  to  the 
children  of  those  who  were  able  to  pay  for  it. 

The  system  in  operation  at  the  time  of  American  occupation,  Jan- 
uary 1, 1899,  was  based  on  the  law  of  1865  as  modified  by  that  of  1880, 
and  had  in  view  a  progressive  course  of  public  and  private  instixiction 
through  primary  and  secondary  schools  to  the  special  schools  and 
university,  and  it  may  be  said  at  once  that  the  plan  of  studies  as  thus 
prescribed  was  excellent  in  theory,  and  had  it  been  thoroughly  carried 
out  by  means  of  liberal  appropriations  and  more  attention  to  details 
'the  figures  of  the  census  would  have  been  reversed  as  far  as  they 
represent  the  condition  of  literacy  in  general.  But,  as  will  be  ^own 
later  in  this  report,  the  appropriations  for  the  schools  were  far  from 


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EDUCATION.  577 

adequate  and  their  administration  most  imperfect,  and  thus  the  scheme 
of  popular  education,  which  as  a  theoretical  proposition  was  almost 
beyond  adverse  criticism,  utterly  failed  to  accomplish  its  ostensible 
purpose,  as  the  figures  of  the  census  prove. 

Under  the>  law  of  1880  the  general  supervision  of  public  instruction 
in  all  its  branches  was  vested  in  the  Governor-General  and  administered 
by  him  through  the  superior  board  of  public  instruction,  composed  of 
a  vice-president  and  twelve  other  members  appointed  by  the  home 
government  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Governor-General,  who  was 
ex  officio  president  of  the  board. 

Officials  of  high  rank  in  the  insular  government,  ecclesiastics, 
ex-members  of  the  royal  academies,  professors,  and  other  pei*sons  of 
scientific  and  literary  reputation  were  eligible  for  appointment  as 
members.  One  member  of  £he  colonial  council  of  administration,  the 
rector  of  the  university,  the  ecclesiastical  vicar-general,  and  the  chief 
accountant  of  the  treasury  were  members  ex  officio.  One-half  of  the 
ordinary  members  were  renewed  every  two  years. 

In  addition  to  the  superior  board  of  education  there  was  a  board  of 
education  in  each  province,  performing  its  duties  under  the  supervi- 
sion of  the  provincial  governor  and  provincial  deputation. 

The  provincial  board  was  composed  of  the  governor  of  the  province, 
an  ecclesiastic  to  represent  the  diocese,  one  provincial  deputy  of  the 
permanent  committee  (see  government),  one  alderman  of  the  munici- 
pal council  of  the  provincial  capital;  a  judge  of  first  instance,  to  be 
designated  by  the  Governor-General ;  the  director  of  the  normal  school, 
or,  in  his  absence,  a  teacher  of  primary  superior  education;  the  super- 
visor of  primary  instruction,  when  this  office  was  reestablished;  the 
director  of  the  institute,  when  reestablished,  and  three  fathers  of 
families,  appointed  by  the  Governor-General  on  the -recommendation  in 
ternary  of  the  provincial  governor,  who  had  general  authority  over 
the  schools  and  educational  institutions  in  his  province. 

The  local  or  municipal  boards  of  education  consisted  of  the  mayor 
as  pr^ident,  one  alderman,  the  parish  priest,  and  three  fathers  of 
families.  In  towns  of  more  than  1,000  inhabitants  the  number  of 
members  could  be  increased  on  the  recommendation  of  the  mayor  by 
adding  more  heads  of  families. 

For  the  periodical  examination  of  the  schools  and  other  educational 
institutions  the  law  provided  inspectors,  who  were  certain  members  of 
the  superior  board  of  education.  Other  inspectors  were  ecclesiastics 
designated  by  the  church  to  examine  the  text-books  and  instruction  of 
the  professors,  in  order  to  determine  whether  anything  prejudicial  to 
Catholic  doctrine  was  incorporated  in  the  religious  education  of  the 
pupils. 

Primary  instruction  ways  divided  into  the  elementary  and  superior. 
The  complete  course  of  instruction  included  Christian  doctrine  and 
24662 37 


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578  REPOBT   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

the  outlines  of  sacred  history  arranged  for  children;  reading,  writing, 
and  the  elements  of  Spanish  grammar,  with  exercises  in  spelliiig; 
principles  of  arithmetic  with  the  legal  sN^stem  of  weights^  measures, 
and  money;  brief  outline  of  agriculture,  industry,  and  commerce 
according  to  localities,  and  the  constitution  of  the  state. 

Elementary  instruction  not  embracing  all  the  subjects  just  mentioned 
was  considered  incomplete,  and  the  elementary  schools  were  called 
"complete"  or  "incomplete"  according  to  the  instruction  given. 

Primary  superior  instruction  embraced,  in  addition  to  a  reasonable 
extension  of  the  subjects  mentioned  as  elementary,  the  principles  of 
geometry,  lineal  drawing,  and  as  applied  to  the  elements  of  surveying: 
the  rudiments  of  history  and  geography,  especially  of  Spain,  and  the 
elements  of  physics  and  natural  history.  In  the  elementary  instruc- 
tion of  girls,  sewing,  embroidery  and  drawing  as  applied  to  same,  and 
the  elements  of  domestic  hygiene  were  substituted  for  agriculture, 
industry,  and  commerce,  and  the  elementary  superior  course  was 
omitted. 

The  law  further  required  the  elementary  education  of  the  deaf, 
dumb,  and  blind  in  the  institutioijs  established  for  them.  All  Spanish 
children  between  the  ages  of  6  and  9  were  required  to  receive  elemen- 
tary instruction  in  the  public  primary  schools  unless  their  parents  or 
guardians  provided  such  instruction  at  home  or  in  private  schools, 
the  fine  for  failing  to  do  so  being  from  2  to  20  reales. . 

All  elementary  instruction  was  given  free  to  children  whose  parents 
were  not  able  to  pay  for  it,  and  instruction  in  Christian  religion  and 
sacred  history  was  subject  to  the  supervision  of  the  parish  priest,  who 
was  required  to  visit  the  schools  once  each  week  for  this  purpose. 

Besides  the  designation  "complete"  and  "incomplete,"  the  ele- 
mentary schools  were  denominated  as  "entrance,"  "first  promotion," 
or  "first  intermediate,"  "second  promotion"  or  "second  interme- 
diate," and  "final"  or  "  grammar "  schools.  The  salaries  of  the 
teachers  were  graded  accordingly.  For  example,  the  teachers  of  the 
entrance  schools  received  $600  annually;  first  promotion,  $700;  second 
promotion,  $800,  and  final,  $1,000.  The  salary  of  the  teachers  of  the 
superior  course  was  $1,600  a  year.  These  salaries  were  paid  by  the 
municipalities  and  were  subject  to  taxes  aggregating  14  per  cent,  as 
follows:  Ten  per  cent,  insular  income  tax;  3  percent,  reserve  fund  of 
the  principal  of  the  schools,  and  1  per  cent  to  the  official  making  the 
payments. 

As  to  the  distribution  of  the  primary  schools  throughout  the  munici- 
palities, the  law  required  every  town  of  500  souls  to  maintain  at  least 
one  elementary  school  for  boys  and  another,  although,  perhaps,  incom- 
plete, for  girls.  Incomplete  schools  for  the  boys  were  only  allowed 
in  the  smaller  towns.  In  towns  of  2,000  inhabitants  two  complete 
schools  for  boys  and  two  for  girls  were  required;  in  towns  of  4,000, 


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EDUCATION.  579 

three,  and  so  on,  the  number  of  schools  increasing  by  one  for  each  sex 
for  every  2,000  inhabitants,  including  private  schools,  one-third  of  all 
schools,  however,  to  be  public. 

The  superior  schools  were  established  in  the  capitals  of  the  provinces, 
and  one  in  each  town  of  10,000  inhabitants,  but  the  municipal  authori- 
ties (council)  could  establish  superior  schools  in  towns  of  less  popula- 
tion if  thought  advisable,  provided  it  could  be  done  without  detriment 
to  the  maintenance  of  the  required  number  of  elementary  schools. 

The  law  further  required  the  Governor-General  to  provide  infant 
schools  {Jcindergartens)  and  night  and  Sunday  schools,  in  which  linear 
and  ornamental  drawing  were  to  be  taught  in  the  capitals  of  provinces 
and  in  towns  of  10,000  inhabitants,  and  to  promote  the  education  of 
the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind  by  providing  at  least  one  school  for  them  in 
Habana,  and  a  normal  school  for  the  education  of  teachers  in  the 
capital  of  ieach  province. 

Next  in  the  regular  coui'se  of  public  education  was  "secondary 
instruction,"  given  in  the  institutes  (institutos)^  of  which  there  was 
one  in  each  province,  maintained  by  provincial  funds  and  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  the  provincial  deputations,  through  which 
the  appropriations  were  paid. 

Secondary  instruction  embraced  a  course  of  five  years  and  comprised 
general  studies  or  a  special  course  of  scientific  studies.  The  course  of 
general  studies  included  a  daily  lesson  in  Spanish  or  Latin  grammar, 
the  elements  of  rhetoric  and  poetry,  one  lesson  daily;  outlines  of 
geography,  three  lessons  weekly;  outlines  of  universal  history,  three 
lessons  weekly;  history  of  Spain,  three  lessons  weekly;  arithmetic  and 
algebra,  daily;  geometry  and  plane  trigonometry,  daily;  elements  of 
physics  and  chemistry,  daily;  outlines  of  natural  history,  three  lessons 
weekly;  psychology,  logic,  and  moral  philosophy,  daily;  physiology 
and  hygiene,  three  lessons  weekly;  and  elements  of  agriculture  every 
alternate  day.  For  admission  to  the  course  it  was  necessary  to  pass  an 
examination  in  the  complete  course  of  primary  elementary  instruction. 

The  special  studies  of  the  institutes  or  ''secondary  instruction" 
were  linear,  topographic,  ornamental,  and  figure  drawing;  outlines  of 
theoretical  and  practical  agriculture;  industrial  mechanics  and  chemis- 
try as  applied  to  the  arts;  topography,  measures  of  area,  and  con- 
struction of  plans;  commercial  arithmetic  and  bookkeeping;  accounts 
and  correspondence,  and  commercial  transactions;  outlmes  of  political 
economy,  commercial  and  industrial  legislation,  physical  geography 
and  conunercial  statistics;  English,  German,  and  Italian  languages,  and 
shorthand. 

To  enter  this  course  pupils  were  required  to  pass  an  examination  in 
the  studies  of  the  pnmary  superior  course  of  instruction.  On  com- 
pleting the  course  of  general  studies,  pupils  received. the  degree  of 
^.  B.,  and  were  eligible  to  the  University  of  Habana.     Those  who  had 


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580         BEPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  OXTBA,  18^9. 

followed  the  scientific  course  were  eligible  to  certificates  as  surveyofs 
(when  20  years  old),  and  mechanical  or  chemical  experts,  accordii^  to 
their  proficiency  in  the  special  studies  provided. 

A  pupil  could  take  the  general  and  scientific  studies  simultaneously 
if  desired,  and  receive  the  instruction  in  languages  and  drawing  at 
home. 

Following  the  course  in  the  institutes  came  the  University  of  Habana, 
whose  curriculum  embraced  law,  medicine  and  pharmacy,  philosophy 
and  belles  letters,  and  the  exact  sciences.  For  the  higher  education  of 
engineers  of  roads,  canals,  and  ports,  mining  and  civil  engineers,  the 
industrial  arts,  belles  letters  and  diplomacy,  the  special  schools  of 
Spain  were  open. 

The  law  also  provided  for  a  school  of  sculpture,  painting,  and 
engraving  in  Halmna;  one  for  the  education  of  notaries,  and  whenever 
thought  advisable,  an  industrial  college,  a  veterinary  school,  a  com- 
misrcial  college,  a  nautical  school,  and  one  for  master  workmen,  over- 
seers, and  surveyors.  Of  these  special  schools,  only  the  art  school,  the 
professional  school,  the  normal  school,  and  the  school  of  arts  and  trades 
were  carried  on.  In  addition  to  the  public  schools  the  law  authorized 
all  Spaniards  to  establish  private  schools,  the  government  reserving 
the  right  to  inspect  their  moral  and  hygienic  condition  and  to  direct 
such  remedies  as  might  be  necessary  to  correct  existing  defects. 

There  were,  as  a  result  of  this  privilege,  a  large  number  of  private 
primary  elementary  schools,  and  a  number  of  colleges,  which,  as  they 
conformed  to  certain  provisions  of  the  law,  were  incorporated  witli 
the  provincial  institutes  for  which  they  prepared  their  pupils.  Some 
of  these  colleges  were  most  excellent  institutions,  where  boys  could 
qualify  for  the  university,  besides  being  carefully  trained  in  other 
ways.  Such  were  the  Jesuit  College  of  Belen,  established  in  Habana 
in  1853;  the  Collegios  de*  Escuelas  Pias,  in  Guanabacoa  and  Puerto 
Principe,  and  the  Catholic  Institute  of  Santiago,  although,  with  the 
exception  of  the  latter,  they  are  not  now  able  to  confer  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  In  short,  they  are  on  the  same  footing  as  other  colleges  and 
merely  prepare  pupils  for  the  institutes. 

Other  colleges  in  operation  when  the  census  was  taken  were: 

Habana. — San  Francisco  de  Paula,  San  Rafael,  Areas,  San  Miguel 
Arcangel,  El  Progreso,  Santa  Ana,  San  Luis,  La  Gran  Antilla,  Isabel 
la  Cat61ica,  San  Carlos,  "Centro  Gallego,"San  Meliton,  San  Anacleto. 

Cienfuegos, — Neustra  Sra.  del  Monserrat,  San  Carlos,  Cristobal 
Colon,  Ntra.  Sra.  del  Cdrmen;  San  Luis  Gonzaga,  Preseverancia,  El 
Sagrado  Coraz6n  de  Jes6s. 

Sa^gua. — Santiago  Ap6stol,  Cervantes,  El  Sagrado  Coraz6n  de  Jesus. 

Matamas, — El  Siglo,  Academia  Junco;  San  Antonio  de  los  Baiios, 
Humanidades  de  Jesfis;  Egido,  San  Cristobal;  Guines,  San  Ramon; 
Puerto  Principe,  Escuelas  Pias;  Sancti  Spiritus,  Sancti  Spiritus;  Santa. 
Clara,  Crist6bal  Colon;  Pahnira,  San  Fernando. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


EDUCATION.  581 

While  the  laws  made  ample  provision  for  the  free  education  of  the 
mass  of  children,  the  number  of  schools  and  their  administration  were 
so  deficient,  through  failure  to  provide  even  the  funds  voted  in  the 
municipal,  provincial,  and  insular  budgets,  that  only  a  small  fraction 
of  the  children  of  school  age  were  provided  for.  By  the  census  it 
appears  that  only  about  one-sixth  attended  school  during  1899,  and 
only  two-thirds  of  these  went  to  the  public  schools. 

The  ten  years'  war  was  a  serious  interruption  to  the  schools,  and 
during  the  last  war  they  were  all  closed  by  Captain-General  Weyler, 
except  in  the  provincial  capitals  and  garrisoned  towns  occupied  as  mili- 
tary headquarters.  Even  many  of  these  schools  were  slimly  attended 
or  abandoned  by  the  teachers,  who,  as  they  received  no  pay,  were 
unable  to  maintain  themselves  or  their  schools. 

In  February,  1898,  the  secretary  of  public  instruction  of  the  autono- 
mous government  rescinded  the  decree  of  General  Weyler  and  ordered 
the  reestablishment  of  the  schools,  but  they  remained  very  much  in 
the  condition  they  then  were  until  nearly  a  year  after  the  American 
occupation. 

It  would  require  a  much  larger  part  of  this  report  than  can  well  be 
devoted  to  it  to  explain  all  the  defects  as  well  as  the  peculiar  admin- 
istration of  the  public-school  system  of  Cuba,  but  it  may  be  said  that 
it  was  very  imperfect  at  the  best.  While  the  law  required  the  com- 
pulsory attendance'  of  children  between  9  and  13  years  of  age  at  either 
public  or  private  schools,  it  was  not  enforced,  nor  could  it  be,  as  the 
number  of  schools  was  totally  insufficient.  Again,  while  provision 
was  made  for  secondary  and  university  education,  the  fees  for  instruc- 
tion and  matriculation  were  so  great  that  only  the  sons  of  parents  or 
guardians  able  to  pay  ever  passed  beyond  the  elementary  course  of 
study,  and  many  of  those  who  qualified  in  the  institutes  were  unable 
to  enter  the  university  because  unable  to  pay  for  their  diplomas. 

Although  the  teachers  were  supposed  to  be  appointed  after  competi- 
tive exaipination,  it  was  well  understood  that  their  selection  was  usually 
a  personal  or  political  question,  to  be'decided  without  much  reference 
to  other  qualifications.  They  were  classified  according  to  their  sala- 
ries, and  were  also  known  as  regular,  temporary,  or  substitutes.  As 
they  were  generally  obliged  to  provide  the  school  rooms,  the  schools 
were  usually  held  in  their  homes,  very  few  municipalities  owning 
school  buildings.  Of  school  furniture — such  as  desks,  books,  slates, 
blackboards,  maps,  etc. — there  were  frequently  none,  and  the  pupils, 
without  respect  to  race,  blacks  and  whites  mixed,  sat  on  benches  with 
no  backs  for  five  or  six  hours  consecutively,  the  instruction  being 
usually  given  simultaneously  to  the  classes,  study  and  recitation  being 
exceptional  and  impracticable.  But  a  single  teacher  wa^s  allowed  the 
elementary  schools,  no  matter  how  many  pupils,  although  the  superior 
elementary  schools  were  sometimes  provided  with  assistants. 

The  schools  for  girls  were  separated  from  those  for  boys,  and  were 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


582  BEPOET   ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

invariably  in  charge  of  women.  The  schoolrooms  were  badly  venti- 
lated, with  insufficient  and  foul  privies,  and  no  playgrounds.  Physical 
culture  was  not  taught.  That  the  children  learned  as  much  as  they 
did  under  such  conditions  was  apparently  due  to  their  precocity  and 
docility,  traits  which  appear  to  be  conunon  to  them  throughout  the 
island. 

Among  the  serious  evils  of  the  public-school  system  were  the  pro- 
visions for  substitute  teachers  and  pensioners.  A  teacher  requesting 
a  leave  of  absence  for  any  purpose — for  example,  ill  health  or  private 
business — was  permitted  to  propose  the  name  of  a  substitute,  who  was 
paid  by  the  regular  incumbent  of  the  office.  After  being  formally 
appointed  substitute  he  was  supposed  to  receive  one-half  of  the  com- 
pensation assigned  to  the  school,  the  contributions  of  the  children 
whose  parents  could  pay,  and  the  amount  allotted  for  school  supplies — 
iisually  one-fourth  the  amount  of  the  salary.  On  the  surface  this 
would  appear  to  be  a  very  fair  arrangement;  but,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
the  salary,  fees,  and  allotment  for  supplies  were  handed  over  to  the 
regular  incumbent  of  the  office,  who  paid  his  substitute  whatever  had 
been  agreed  on  when  he  paid  him  at  all.  It  is  said  that  in  this  way 
schools  were  without  their  regular  teachers  for  years,  and  meanwhile 
were  left  in  charge  of  persons  without  a  single  qualification  for  this 
most  important  duty. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  February  1,  1894,  any  professor  of  a  normal 
school,  an  inspector  of  public  instruction,  a  teacher  in  the  public  pri- 
mary schools,  or  an  assistant,  male  or  female,  physically  incapacitated 
for  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  who  had  served  for  twenty  years  at 
least  or  was  from  60  to  65  years  of  age,  could  be  retired  with  a  pen- 
sion, which  on  his  death  went  to  the  widow  and  male  children  under 
sixteen  years  of  age  and  to  unmarried  female  children.  The  retire- 
ments were  voluntary  for  those  under  65  years  of  age  and  compulsory 
for  those  above  that  age. 

The  pensions  were  divided  jnto  two  classes,  life  and  temporary. 
Life  pensions  were  granted  to  the  widows  or  orphans  of  the  profes- 
sors, teachers,  etc.,  and  their  assistants  in  the  public  schools  who  were 
retired,  or  who  upon  their  deaths  had  been  in  the  service  for  more 
than  twenty  years,  and  temporary  pensions  were  gi-anted  to  the 
widows  and  orphans  of  such  as  had  died  before  completing  the  years 
of  service  necessary  to  obtain  retirement  with  salary  or  before  having 
obtained  said  retirement. 

The  retirements  were  granted  in  accordance  with  the  niunber  of 
years  of  sei*vice,  those  having  served  twenty  years  receiving  50  per 
cent  of  the  regular  salary;  twenty -five  yearSj  60  per  cent;  thirty  years, 
70  per  cent,  and  thirty-five  years,  80"  per  cent.  No  person  retired 
could  receive  more  than  $1,200  per  annum  nor  more  than  four-fifths 
of  the  regidar  salary.  The  highest  salaiy  which  the  person  retired 
may  have  received  for  two  yeai*s  was  considei-ed  the  regulatfng  salary. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


EDUCATION.  583 

The  life  pensions  for  widows  and  orphans  were  two-thirds  of  the 
retirement  pay  granted  or  due  the  deceased. 

The  temporary  pensions  amounted  to  10  per  cent  per  annum  of  the 
regular  salary  and  conformed  to  the  following  scale: 

Years  of  service  of  the  teacher:  Years  of  duration  of  pension. 

Over  16  years '. 14 

From  14  to  16 , 12 

From  12  to  14 11 

From  10  to  12 10 

From  8  to  10 9 

From  6  to  8 8 

From  4  to  6 7 

From  2  to  4 6 

Under  2  years,  the  time  served. 

The  funds  for  the  payment  of  the  salaries  of  retired  teachei*s  and 
their  pensions  consisted  of:  •" 

1.  An  allotment  of  6,000  pesos  per  annum,  granted  by  the  Govern- 
ment and  charged  to  the  budget  of  Cuba. 

2.  Ten  per  cent  of  the  total  amount  of  the  budget  of  expenses  for 
educational  material  of  the  normal  schools  and  primary  instruction. 

3.  The  amount  of  the  personal  salaries  of  teachers  of  vacant  schools 
until  the  appointment  and  taking  of  possession  by  temporary  teachers. 

4.  Half  the  salaries  of  teachers  temporarily  serving  in  public  schools, 
provided  they  exceeded  300  pesos. 

5.  The  amount  realized  by  a  discount  of  3  per  cent  of  the  salaries  of 
the  persons  who  were  entitled  to  be  retired  with  salary. 

The  provincial  boards  of  public  instruction  were  charged  with  the 
collection  of  the  amounts  mentioned  in  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  and  5,  and  their 
deposit  in  the  Spanish  Bank  of  Cuba.  The  collection  of  the  allotment 
of  the  State  was  made  by  a  central  board  in  Madrid,  which  also  decided 
who  were  entitled  to  retirement  with  salary  and  pensions.  It  was  also 
intrusted  with  the  administration  of  all  the  funds  which  might  be  col- 
lected by  the  provincial  boards  of  public  instruction,  until  on  May  11, 
1898,  the  department  of  public  instruction  of  the  colonial  government 
of  Cuba  ordered  that  the  provincial  boards  of  public  instruction  of  the 
island  should  take  charge  of  all  matters  relating  to  retirements  and 
pensions  instead  of  the  central  board  of  Madrid,  and  organized,  by 
an  order  of  the  24th  of  the  same  month  and  year,  a  board  to  take 
charge  of  the  administration  of  the  funds  of  the  schools  of  Cuba  and 
of  the  declaration  of  the  rights  of  retirement  of  teachers,  etc.,  of  the 
island.  It  is  not  difficult  to  understand  that  under  such  a  system  there 
were  many  abuses,  and  that  the  small  allotment  of  funds  for  school 
purposes  was  seriously  crippled,  and  such  was  the  case.  This  was  so 
apparent  that  on  April  13,  1899,  the  secretary  of  justice  and  public 
instruction,  duly  authorized  by  the  Military  Governor,  repealed  all 
the  decrees  relating  to  pensions  of  the  teachers  of  primary  instruc- 
tion, ordering  that  from  the  1st  of  April  following  nothing  should  be 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


584 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  18d9. 


deducted  from  the  personal  salaries  of  teachers  for  pensions,  nor  from 
the  amounts  for  the  payment  of  material  for  the  schools,  and  that  the 
board  created  by  the  department  of  public  instruction  of  the  colonial 
government  of  Cuba  be  dissolved. 

The  expenses  occasioned  by  this  board  amounted  to  $10,300  per 
annum,  charged  to  the  general  budget  of  the  island,  and  the  pensions 
paid  only  amounted  to  $8,716.92  per  annum. 

Substitute  teachers  were  abolished  by  General  Brooke. 

The  number  of  public  and  private  schools,  colleges,  institutes,  etc., 
in  operation  January  1,  1895,  and  the  cost  thereof,  as  i*eported  by  the 
Department  of  Public  Instruction,  is  given  in  the  following  table: 


Public  schools. 

Private  schools. 

College!*. 

Province. 

1 

"241 
158 
176 
41 
244 
138 

! 

9,475 

5,812 
4,574 
1,817 
8,287 
6,341 

1 

• 

"S. 

£ 

1 

1 

• 
0. 

Habana  

219 
143 
159 
37 
221 
125 

829 
117 
S3 
41 
100 
120 

12.641 
4.416 
624 
832 
3,296 
3.575. 

25 

! 

19 
11 

1.234 

MataDzas 

249 

PlnardelRio 

Puerto  Principe 

140 
97 

Santa  Clara 

285 

Rantiaffo  de  Cuba. ....,» r  r  -  - 

260 

Total T . 

904 

998 

36,806 

740 

25.384 

70 

2.265 

Institutes. 

University. 

Special  Hchools. 

1 
s 

a 

1 

1 
1 

1 

fi8 

1     . 

Profe»- 
sional. 

Art  school. 

Normal 
school. 

Province. 

1 

9 

1 

60 

4 

i 

a 

1 

1 

5 

Habana  

21 

8 
8 
9 

720 
143 
32 
72 
99 
120 

.671 

538 

16 

292 

Matanzaa 

Pinar  del  Rio 

Puerto  Princine 

* 

Santa  Clara 

Rftntifurn  dA  ChihA 



Total 

6 

64 

1.186 

58 

671 

9 

60 

4 

538 

16 

292 

^  Number  of  teachers  not  given. 
Cost  of  educaiion  as  per  municipal^  jrromnciaJ^  and  Stale  budgets. 


Province. 

Public 
schools 
(munici- 
pal). 

Institutes 
(provin- 
cial). 

Clnlverslty 

(Stete). 

Profes- 
sional 
(State). 

Art 
school 
(State). 

Normal 
(State). 

Arts  and 
trades 
(State). 

Habana 

$212,549.80 
120.967.95 
93. 434. 10 
34,209.60 
159,989.66 
96,741  41 

$35,407.20 
18,000.00 
16,000.00 
16.000.00 
16,000.00 
17,328.00 

S134.350.00 

117.800 

r,o5o 

920,000 

Si,  000 

MatanzAA 

Pinar  del  Rio 

Puerto  PrlnciDC 

Santa  Clara 

Santiairo  de  Cuba    . . 

Total 

716,892.52 

118.735.20 

134,360.00 

17,800 

7,050 

20,000 

1.000 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


UNIVERSITY   OF    HABANA   FROM   O'REILLY   STREET. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


Digitized  by 


Google 


EDUCATION.  585 

RECAPITULATION. 

State  funds. 

Municipal  schools $716,892.52 

Institutes 118,735.20 

University T 134,350.00 

Professional  school 17, 800. 00 

Art  school 7,050.00 

Normal  school 20,000.00 

Arts  and  trades 1,000.00 

Total 1,016,927.72 

Two-thirds  of  this  sum  was  covered  by  matriculation  fees. 
For  1898-99,  during  which  541  public  primary  schools  were  reported, 
the  budget  called  for: 

Municipal  schools 1 $716,892.90 

Institutes 70,735.00 

University 129,950.00 

Art  school 9,250.00 

Professional  school , 19,300.00 

Normal  school 30,147.80 

Arts  and  trades 1, 000. 00 

Typographers 1 ,  200. 00 

Total 978,474.80 

During  the  past  six  months  General  Wood  has  completely  reorgan- 
ized the  public  school  system  of  Cuba,  adapting  it  as  far  as  practicable 
to  the  public  school  system  of  the  United  States.  The  final  results  of 
the  changes  which  have  been  made  from  time  to  time  are  embodied  in 
the  following  civil  decree,  published  June  30,  1900: 

[No.  279.] 

Habana,  June  so,  1900, 
The  Military  Governor  of  Cuba,  upon  the  reconmiendation  of  the  Secretary  of  Pub- 
lic Instruction,  directs  the  publication  of  the  following  regulations  for  the  public 
schools  of  the  island  of  Cuba: 

COMMISSIONER  OF  PUBUC  SCHOOLS. 

1.  Commisnoner  the  chief  executive  officer, — There  shall  be  a  chief  executive  officer 
for  the  public  schools  of  the  island,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Military  Grovemor,  and  to 
be  known  as  the  commissioner  of  public  schools,  and  in  the  performance  of  his  duties 
as  such  he  shall  be  guided  by  this  order  and  by  such  rules  and  orders  as  may  be  pro- 
mulgated hereafter  by  the  Military  Governor  or  the  Secretary  of  Public  Instruction. 

2.  Duties  of  commissioner. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioner  of  public  schools 
to  see  that 'all  orders  and  instructions  from  the  proper  authority  pertaining  to  the 
public  schools  of  the  island  are  rigidly  and  impartially  enforced.  He  shall  make 
annually,  to  the  Secretary  of  Public  Instruction,  a  report  of  the  public  schools  of  the 
island,  which  shall  contain  an  abstract  of  the  reports  herein  required  to  be  made  to 
him  and  such  other  information  as  he  may  deem  valuable,  and  he  shall  make  such 
special  reports  as  may  be  required  by  the  Military  Governor  or  Secretary  of  Public 
Instruction.  It  shall  be  his  further  duty  to  superintend  the  building  of  school  houses 
throughout  the  island,  and  direct  the  purchase  and  disposition  of  such  supplies  as 
the  Military  Governor  may  authorize. 


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586  KEPORT   ON   THK   CENSUS   OF   Ct'BA,  1899. 

BOARD  OP  SUPERINTENDENTS. 

3.  Compomlion  of  the  board. — There  shall  be  a  superintendent  of  the  public  schools 
of  the  island,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Military  Governor  upon  the  recommendation  of 
the  Secretary  of  Public  Instruction  and  to  be  known  as  the  island  superintendent  of 
pubHc  schools,  who  shall  be  assisted  in  each  province  in  the  performance  of  his  duties  ' 
by  an  assistant,  to  be  appointed  in  the  same  manner  as  the  island  superintendent  and 
to  be  known  as  the  provincial  superintendent  of  public  schools.  The  island  superin- 
tendent as  president,  with  the  provincial  superintendents  as  members,  shall  consti- 
tute a  boanl  of  superintendents  for  the  public  schools  of  the  island. 

4.  Dvties  of  board  and  individual  mperirUendmU, — Each  provincial  soperintaident 
is  the  assistant  and  agent  of  the  commissioner  of  public  adiools  in  the  general  gov- 
ernment and  management  of  the  public  schools  of  the  island.  The  board  of  super- 
intendents shall  fix  upon  and  introdace  proper  methods  of  teaching  in  the  public 
schools  of  Cuba,  and  shall  adect  text^books  and  arrange  the  courses  of  studies  for  the 
different  grades  of  public  eehools  throughout  the  island;  and  in  all  schools  of  the 
island  which  are  of  the  same  grade  the  same  text-books  and  the  same  courses  of 
studies  shall  be  used. 

4a.  Se$gion$  of  the  board  of  tupertnUnderUs. — The  board  of  superintendents  shall  hold 
regular  sessions  on  the  first  Monday  of  October  and  March  at  such  places  within  the 
island  as  they  may  deem  desirable,  and  may  adjourn  from  time  to  time,  or  hold 
special  meetings  at  other  time  or  place  within  the  island  as  it  deems  desirable  for  the 
transaction  of  business,  which  special  meetings  may  be  called  by  the  president  of 
the  board  of  superintendents. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF   DISTRICTS. 

5.  Classes  of  school  districU. — ^The  island  is  hereby  divided  into  scHool  districts  to 
be  styled  respectively,  city  districts  of  the  first  class,  city  districts  of  the  second  class, 
and  municipal  dbtricts. 

6.  City  districts  of  first  class. — ^Each  city  of  the  island  having  a  population  of  30,000 
or  more  by  the  last  preceding  census  of  the  island  shall  constitute  a  city  district  of 
the  first  class.  Under  this  paragraph  the  following  cities  are  announced  as  forming 
city  districts  of  the  first  class:  Habana,  Santiago,  Matanzas,  Cienfuegos,  and  Puerto 
Principe. 

7.  City  districts  of  the  second  doss, — Each  city  having  a  population  of  more  than 
10,000  and  less  than  30,000  by  the  last  preceding  census  of  the  island  shall  constitute 
a  city  district  of  the  second  class.  Under  this  paragraph  the  following  cities  are 
announced  as  forming  city  districts  of  the  second  class:  Cardenas,  Manzanillo,  Guan- 
abacoa,  Santa  Clara,  Sancti  Spiritus,  Regla,  Trinidad,  and  Sagua  la  Grande. 

8.  Municipal  districts,— Each  organized  municipality,  exclusive  of  any  of  its  terri- 
tory included  in  a  city  district,  shall  constitute  a  school  district,  to  be  styled  a 
municipal  district. 

CITY   DISTRICTS  OF  THE  FIRST  CLASS. 

9.  Board  of  education. — The  board  of  education  in  city  districts  of  the  first  class 
shall  consist  of  a  school  council  and  a  school  director. 

10.  School  council. — ^The  legislative  power  and  authority  shall  be  vested  in  the  echo-  I 
council,  which  shall  consist  of  seven  members  to  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors 
residing  in  such  district,  and  no  two  members  of  the  council  shall  be  residents  of  the 
same  ward. 

11.  School  council  election  and  term. — ^The  first  election  for  such  council  shall  be  held 
on  the  same  day  as  the  annual  municipal  elections  in  1901,  at  which  election  three 
members  of  the  council  shall  be  elected  for  a«term  of  two  years,  and  their  successors 
shall  be  elected  at  the  annual  municipal  election  for  1903,  and  biennially  thereafter, 
and  four  members  of  the  council  shall  at  such  election  in  1901  be  elected  for  a  term 


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BDUOATION.  587 

of  one  year,  and  their  successors  shall  be  elected  at  the  annual  municipal  election  of 
1902  for  a  term  of  two  years,  and  biennially  thereafter,  and  all  members  of  the  coun- 
cil shall  eerve  until  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualify. 

President  and  clerk. — The  council  shall  organize  annually  by  choosing  one  of  their 
members  president;  also  a  clerk,  who  shall  not  be  a  member  thereof,  and  who  shall 
receive  a  salary  to  be  fixed  by  the  council  which  shall  not  exceed  $1,500  per  year. 

11a.  Appointment  of  first  board  of  education, — ^The  school  director  and  the  school 
council  provided  for  in  paragraph  9  shall  be  appointed  by  the  governor  from  candi- 
dates recommended  to  him  by  the  Secretary  of  Public  Instruction  immediately  after 
the  publication  of  this  order  in  the  official  Gazette,  to  serve  until  their  successors 
have  been  elected  and  duly  qualified,  as  provided  for  in  paragraphs  11  and  16. 

12.  Resolutions  of  the  council. — Every  legislative  act  of  the  council  shall  be  by  reso- 
lution. Every  resolution  involving  an  expenditure  of  money  or  approval  of  a  con- 
tract for  the  payment  of  money  shall,  before  it  takes  effect,  be  presented,  duly  signed 
by  the  clerk,  to  the  school  director  for  approval. 

Director's  approvoL — The  director,  if  he  approves  such  resolution,  shall  sign  it,  but 
if  he  does  not  approve  it  he  shall  return  the  same  to  the  council  at  its  next  meeting 
with  his  objections,  which  objections  the  council  shall  cause  to  be  entered  upon  its 
journal;  and  if  he  does  not  return  the  same  within  the  time  above  limited  it  shall 
take  effect  in  the  same  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it.  Provided,  that  the  director 
may  approve  or  disapprove  the  whole  or  any  items  or  part  of  any  resolution  appro- 
priating money;  and  further  provided,  that  any  item  disapproved  shall  have  no 
bearing  or  connection  with  any  other  part  of  such  resolution. 

Passage  over  director's  veto. — ^When  the  director  refuses  to  sign  any  such  resolution 
or  part  thereof  and.  returns  it  to  the  council  with  his  objections,  the  council  shall 
forthwith  proceed  to  reconsider  it;  and  if  the  same  is  approved  by  the  vote  of  two- 
thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to  the  council  it  shall  then  take  effect,  as  if  it  had 
received  the  signature  of  the  director.  And  in  all  such  cases  votes  shall  be  taken  by 
yeas  and  nays  and  entered  on  the  record  of  the  council. 

13.  Teachers  and  employees. — ^The  council  shall  provide  for  the  appointment  of  all 
necessary  teachers  and  employees  and  prescribe  their  duties  and  fix  their  compen- 
sation. 

14.  School  director;  election  and  powers. — ^The  executive  power  and  authority  shall 
be  vested  in  the  school  director,  and  in  the  performance  of  his  duties  as  chief  execu- 
tive officer  he  shall  be  guided  by  this  order  and  by  such  rules  and  orders  as  may  be 
promulgated  by  proper  authority  and  by  the  resolutions  of  the  council.  He  shall  be 
elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  districts. 

15.  He  shall  devote  his  entire  time  to  the  duties  of  his  office,  and  shall  receive  an 
annual  salary  of  $2,000,  payable  monthly;  and  before  entering  upon  the  discharge  of 
the  duties  of  his  office  shall  give  bond,  to  be  approved  by  the  board,  for  the  faithful 
performance  thereof,  in  the  sum  of  $5,000,  which  bond  shall  be  deposited  with  the 
derk  within  ten  days  from  date  of  election  and  preserved  by  him.  The  director 
shall  report  to  the  council  annually,  or  oftener  if  required,  as  to  all  matters  under  his 
supervision;  he  shall  attend  all  meetings  of  the  council  and  may  take  part  in  its 
deliberations,  subject  to  its  rules,  but  shall  not  have  the  right  to  vote  except  in  case 
of  a  tie. 

16.  First  election  and  term, — The  first  election  for  such  director  shall  be  held  on  the 
same  day  as  the  annual  municipal  election  of  1901,  and  his  successor  shall  be  elected 
at  the  time  of  the  annual  municipal  election  for  1903,  and  biennially  thereafter.  Any 
director  shall  serve  until  his  successor  is  elected  and  qualified. 

17.  Vacancies.-^n  case  of  any  vacancy  in  the  office  of  school  director  or  member 
of  the  council  the  council  may,  by  the  votes  of  the  majority  of  all  the  members 
elected,  fill  such  vacancy  until  the  next  annual  municipal  election,  when  the  same 
shall  be  filled  by  election  for  unexpired  term. 


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588  REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

18.  Superintendent  of  instruction,— The  council  shall  appoint  a  superintendent  of 
instruction,  who  shall  remain  in  office  during  good  behavior,  and  the  council  may  at 
any  time,  for  sufficient  cause,  remove  him;  but  the  order  for  such  removal  shall  be  in 
writing,  specifying  the  cause  therefor,  and  shall  be  entered  upon  the  records  of  the 
council. 

Power$  and  duties, — ^The  superintendent  of  instruction  shall  have  the  sole  xx)wer  to 
appoint  and  dischaiige,  with  the  approval  of  the  council,  all  assistante  and  teachers 
authorized  by  the  council  to  be  employed,  and  shall  report  to  the  council  in  writing 
quarterly,  and  oftener  if  necessary,  as  to  all  matters  under  his  supervision,  and  may 
be  required  by  the  council  to  attend  any  or  all  of  its  meetings;  and  except  as  other- 
wise provided  in  this  order  all  employees  of  the  board  of  education  shall  be  appointed 
or  employed  by  the  school  director. 

19.  Warrants  for  money, — The  clerk  of  the  board  shall  issue  all.  warrants  for  the 
payment  of  money  from  the  school  funds,  but  no  warrant  shall  be  issued  for  the  pay- 
ment of  any  claim  until  such  claim  is  approved  by  the  school  director,  except  the 
pay  roll  for  assistants  in  school  work  and  teachers,  which  shall  be  approved  by  the 
mperintendent  of  instruction. 

20.  lAabUity  ofderk  and  sureties, — If  the  clerk  shall  draw  a  warrant  for  any  claim 
contrary  to  law,  he  and  his  sureties  shall  be  individually  liable  for  the  amount  of 
the  same. 

21.  ClerJu^  reports. — ^The  clerk  shall  submit  to  the  council  quarterly,  and  oftener,  if 
required  by  it,  a  report  of  the  account  of  the  board,  verified  by  hid  oath,  exhibiting 
the  revenues,  receipts,  disbursements,  assets,  and  liabilities  of  the  boaid,  and  the 
manner  in  which  the  funds  have  been  disbursed. 

22.  QmtractB, — ^All  contracts  involving  more  than  $250  in  ampunt  shall  be  in  writ- 
ing, executed  in  the  name  of  the  board  of  education  by  the  school  director,  and 
approved  by  the  coundL 

23.  Conduct  of  elections, — The  election  provided  for  in  paragraph  11  shall  be  con- 
ducted by  the  judges  and  clerkiB  of  the  municipal  elections  and  in  compliance  with 
the  same  law  or  laws  covering  such  elections. 

24.  Meetings  of  the  board  of  education,  regular  and  special, — ^The  board  of  education 
shall  hold  regular  meetings  once  every  two  weeks,  and  may  hold  such  special  meet- 
ings as  it  may  deem  necessary.  It  may  fill  all  vacancies  that  occur  in  the  board  until 
the  next  annual  election,  and  may  make  such  rules  and  regulations  for  its  own  gov- 
ernment as  it  may  deem  necessary,  but  such  rules  and  regulations  must  be  consistent 
with  this  order. 

CITY  DlffTRICTS  OP  THE  SECOND  CLASS. 

25.  Board  of  education. — In  city  districts  of  the  second  class  the  board  of  education 
shall  consist  of  six  members,  who  shall  be  judicious  and  competent  persons  with  the 
qualifications  of  an  elector  therein,  and  shall  be  elected  by  ballot  at  the  annual 
municipal  election  in  1901  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  city. 

Elections, — ^Those  elected  shall  be  divided,  upon  the  fifteenth  day  thereafter,  by 
lot,  into  three  equal  classes;  the  members  of  the  first  class  shall  serve  for  one  year, 
the  members  of  the  second  class  for  two  years,  and  the  members  of  the  third  class 
for  three  years.  All  elections  of  members  for  the  board  of  education  thereafter  shall 
be  held  at  the  regular  municipal  election  annually,  and  all  members  shall  serve  until 
their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified. 

26.  Judges  of  election, — The  election  for  members  of  the  board  of  education  in  city 
districts  of  the  second  class  shall  be  held  by  the  same  judges  and  clerks  provided  for* 
the  municipal  election,  and  returns  of  such  election,  duly  certified  as  in  other  cases, 
shall  be  made  within  five  days  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  education  of  any  such 
city. 

27.  First  board  of  education. — ^Upon  receipt  of  this  order,  mayors  of  cities  that  consti- 
tute city  districts  of  the  second  class  shall  appoint  the  five  members  of  the  board  of 


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CLASS  IN  THE  CORRIDOR  OF  THE  ROYAL  COLLEGE  OF  HABANA. 


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Google 


KDirOATION.  589 

education,  who  shall  elect  one  of  their  members  president  of  the  board.  The  board 
so  constituted  shall  be  the  board  of  education  for  such  city  district  of  the  second  class 
until  the  election  and  qualification  of  the  board  of  education  as  provided  for  in  the 
preceding  paragraph. 

28.  Upon  the  appointment  and  qualification  of  the  board  of  education  provided 
for  in  the  preceding  paragraph  for  such  city  district  of  the  second  class,  and  upon 
the  election  and  qualification  of  the  board  of  education  provided  for  in  paragraph 
30,  the  board  of  education  of  the  municipality  in  whose  territory  is  situated  the  newly 
formed  city  district  of  the  second  class  shall  be  dissolved  and  cease  to  exist. 

29.  Notice  of  ekdion. — ^The  clerk  of  the  board  of  education  of  each  city  district  of 
the  second  class  shall  publish  a  notice  of  the  election  provided  for  in  the  preceding 
paragraphs  in  a  newspaper  of  general  circulation  in  the  district,  or  {X)st  written 
notices  of  such  election  in  five  of  the  most  public  places  in  the  district,  at  least  ten 
days  before  the  holding  of  the  same,  which  notice  shall  specify  the  time  and  place 
of  the  election  and  the  number  of  persons  to  be  elected.    At  the  first  election  for 

.  members  of  the  board  of  education  of  any  city  district  of  Ihe  second  class,  the  notice 
of  election  herein  required  shall  be  made  by  the  then  existing  board  of  education. 

30.  The  board  of  education  shall  hold  regular  meetings  once  every  two  weeks,  and 
may  hold  such  special  meetings  as  it  may  deem  necessary.  It  may  fill  all  vacancies 
that  occur  in  the  board  until  the  next  annual  election,  and  may  make  such  rules 
and*  regulations  for  its  own  government  as  it  ^may  deem  necessajy,  but  such 
rules  and  regulations  must  be  consistent  with  this  order.  It  shall  oiganize  annually 
by  choosing  one  of  its  members  president. 

31 .  Municipal  board  of  education, — ^The  board  of  education  of  each  municipal  district 
shall  consist  of  the  mayor  of  the  municipality,  |who  shall  be  president,  of  the  board, 
and  one  director  elected  for  a  term  of  three  years  from  each  subdistrict;  provided, 
that  if  the  number  of  subdistricts  in  any  municipal  district  exceeds  fifteen,  itie  board 
of  education  shall  consist,  exclusive  of  the  president,  of  those  directors  who  have  one 
and  two  years  still  to  serve;  and  that  if  the  number  of  subdistricts  exceeds  twenty- 
four,  the  board  of  education  shall  consist,  exclusive  of  the  president,  of  those  directors 
who  have  but  one  year  to  serve.  The  director  of  each  subdistrict  is  the  representa- 
tive of  the  inhabitants  of  that  subdistrict  in  educational  matters,  and  if  not  a  member 
of  the  board  of  education  shall  represent  to  the  board  in  writiiig  the  wants  of  his 
subdistrict. 

32.  EUction  and  qualification  of  directors. — There  shall  be  elected  by  ballot,- as  soon 
as  possible  after  paragraph  37  of  this  order  has  been  complied  with  in  each  sub- 
district,  by  the  qualified  electors  thereof,  one  competent  person,  to  be  styled  director. 
These  directors  shall  meet  at  the  office  of  the  mayor  of  the  municipality  and  shall  be 
divided,  upon  the  third  Saturdayafter  such  election,  by  lot  into  three  classes,  as 
nearly  equal  as  possible.  The  directors  of  the  first  class  shall  serve  for  the  term  of 
one  year,  the  directors  of  the  second  class  for  two  years,  and  tiie  directors  of  the 
third  class  for  three  years.  AH  elections  of  directors  thereafter  shall  be  held  on  the 
last  Saturday  of  April,  annually,  and  all  directors  shall  serve  until  their  successors 
are  elected  and  qualify. 

33.  Notice  of  election, — The  director  of  each  subdistrict  where  the  election  may 
occur  shall  post  written  or  printed  notices  in  three  or  more  conspicuous  places  of  his 
subdistrict  at  least  six  days  prior  to  the  date  of  election,  indicating  the  day  and  hour 
of  opening  and  the  hour  of  closing  the  election,  and  the  place  where  such  election  is 
to  be  held.  The  election  shall,  when  practicable,  be  held  at  the  schoolhouse  in  the 
subdistrict. 

Judges  of  election. — The  meeting  shall  be  organized  by  appointing  a  chairman  and 
secretary,  who  shall  act  as  judges  of  the  election,  imder  oath  or  affirmation,  which 
oath  or  affirmation  may  be  administered  by  the  director  of  the  subdistrict,  or  any 
other  person  competent  to  administer  such  an  oath  or  affirmation;  and  the  secretary 


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590  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

shall  keep  a  poll  book  and  tally  sheet,  which  shall  be  signed  by  the  jadges  and  deliv- 
end  within  ftve  days  to  the  mayor  of  the  municipality. 

Notice  <afint  eUcHon.-r-At  the  ilniriaeikm  lor  directors  of  sabdistricts  provided  for 
in  paragraph  32,  the  notices  of  election  herein  reqoired  shall  be  poalad  in  the  differ- 
ent subdistricts  by  the  now  existing  board  of  edncation,  and  the  oath  or  affirmation 
herein  required  to  be  administered  may  be  administered  by  any  elector  present 

84.  Regular  and  gpecial  meetings. — The  board  of  education  shall  hold  regular  ses- 
sions on  the  second  Saturdays  of  May,  July,  September,  November,  and  January,  at 
the  office  of  the  mayor  of  the  municipality  for  the  transaction  of  business,  and  may 
adjourn  from  time  to  time,  or  hold  special  meetings  at  any  other  time  or  place  within 
the  township,  as  it  deems  desirable  for  the  transaction  of  business.  Each  special  meet- 
ing may  be  called  by  the  clerk  of  the  board,  by  the  president  of  the  board,  by  two 
or  more  members  of  the  board,  but  each  member  of  the  board  must  be  duly  notified 
thereof  personally,  or  by.  written  notice  left  at  his  residence  or  usual  place  of  business. 

35.  Maps  of  toumship  dietrid. — A  map  of  each  township  district  shall  be  prepared 
by  the  board  as  it  may  be  necessary,  in  which  shall  be  designated  the  numbers  and 
boundaries  of  the  subdistricts  thereof.  The  board  may  at  any  regular  session  increase 
or  diminish  the  number,  or  change  the  boundaries  of  subdistricts,  but  any  increase 
in  the  number  of  subdistricts  in  any  municipality  will  be  subject  to  the  approval  of 
the  provincial  superintendent. 

36.  Election  in  new  mbdistricU. — When  the  board  consolidates  two  or  more  mib- 
districts  into  a  new  subdistrict,  or  establishes  a  new  subdistrict  in  any  other  way, 
it  shall  call  a  special  meeting  of  the  qualified  electors  resident  in  the  n^w  subdis- 
trict for  the  purpose  of  electing  one  director  for  the  same.  Notice  shall  be  given  of 
such  election,  and  the  election  shall  be  conducted  as  provided  in  this  order,  and  a 
director  shall  be  elected  to  serve  the  term  which  shall  render  the  classes  of  directors 
most  equal  from  the  annual  meeting  on  the  second  Saturday  of  May  next  preceding 
the  organization  of  the  new  subdistrict;  and  the  terms  of  office  of  the  directors  of 
subdistricts  so  consolidated  shall  expire  at  the  time  such  new  subdistrict  is  created. 

RBOROANIZATION  OF  DISTRICTS. 

37.  Division  into  fiubdistrids. — The  board  of  education  of  each  municipal  district 
provided  for  in  order  No.  226  shall  at  once  divide  its  municipal  district  exclusive  of 
whatever  territory  may  be  comprised  in  a  city  district  of  the  first  or  second  class 
into  8ul)di8tricts.  No  subdistrict  shall  contain  less  than  60  resident  scholars  by 
enumeration,  except  in  cases  where,  in  the  opinion  of  the  board,  it  is  absolutely 
necessary  to  reduce  the  number.  The  division  shall  be  so  made  that  the  number 
of  teachers  shall  not  be  increased  over  that  employed  at  the  time  this  order  is 
received. 

38.  Number  of  schools  to  a  subdistrict. — No  subdistrict  shall  be  without  at  least  one 
school,  open  to  children  of  both  sexes,  or  if  not  such  a  mixed  school,  then  at  least  two 
schools,  one  for  boys  and  one  for  girls.  In  rural  subdistricts  it  is  preferable  to  have 
but  one  mixed  school  to  a  subdistrict.  In  cities  of  either  the  first  or  second  class 
subdistricts  may  have  one  or  more  schools  for  girls,  and  one  or  more  for  boys. 
Schools  of  any  subdistrict  shall  be  in  the  same  building,  imless  this  is  absolutely 
impossible,  in  which  case  they  shall  be  as  near  together  as  possible. 

39.  Designation  of  subdistrict, — Subdistricts  of  any  school  district,  city  or  municipal, 
shall  be  designated  by  the  numerals,  1,  2,  3,  etc.,  consecutively,  and  hereafter  when 

officially  referring  to  any  school  district,  it  shall  be  as  follows:  Subdistrict  No. , 

municipality  or  city  of ,  province  of . 

40.  Map  of  municipal  district. — As  soon  as  possible  after  the  completion  of  the 
reoiganization  herein  directed,  each  board  of  education  will  have  prepared  a  map  of 
its  municipality,  showing  the  approximate  boundaries  of  school  districts  and  the 
approximate  boundaries  of  schoolhouses  therein.    A  copy  of  this  map  shall  be  posted 


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EDUCATION.  591 

at  all  times  in  each  schoolhoose  of  the  district,  together  with  a  list  of  unmarried 
youth  of  school  age  in  the  subdistrict.  One  copy  of  this  map  shall  be  sent  to  the 
commission  of  public  schools  and  one  to  the  provincial  superintendent  aa  soon,  am 
completed. 

THE  CLSj^K. 

41.  Bond  of  derk, — The  clerk  of  each  board  of  education  shall  execute  a  bond,  in 
an  amount  and  with  surety  to  be  approved  by  the  board,  payable  to  t]^e  treasurer  of 
the  island  of  Cuba,  conditioned  that  he  shall  perform  faithfully  all  the  official  duties 
required  of  him,  which  bond  shall  be  deposited  with  the  president  of  the  board,  and 
a  copy  thereof,  certified  by  the  president  of  the  board,  shall  be  filed  with  the  provin- 
cial superintendent  and  commissioner  of  public  schools. 

42.  When  orders  to  clerk  for  teachers^  pay  illegal. — It  shall  be  unlawful  for  the  clerk  of 
the  board  to  draw  an  order  on  the  proper  disbursing  officer  for  the  payment  of  a  teacher 
for  services  until  the  teacher  files  with  him  such  reports  as  may  be  required  by  the 
commissioner  of  public  schools,  a  legal  certificate  of  qualification,  or  a  true  copy 
thereof,  covering  the  entire  time  of  the  service,  and  a  statement  of  the  branches 
taught.  All  of  these  documents  must  be  carefully  filed  by  the  clerk  and  handed 
over  to  his  successor  in  office. 

43.  Annual  statistical  report  of  board  of  edtuxUion, — ^The  clerk  of  each  board  shall 
prepare  the  annual  report  of  the  expenditures  of  school  money  in  his  district,  and  a 
statistical  statement  in  reference  to  the  schools  required  of  the  board  by  paragraph 
47,  and  transmit  the  same  to  the  provincial  superintendent  on  t>r  before  the  last  day 
of  August 

44.  Publication  of  expenditures  for  school  purposes. — The  board  of  education  of  each 
district  shall  require  the  clerk  of  the  board  annually,  ten  days  prior  to  the  election 
for  members  of  the  board  and  directors  of  subdistricts,  to  prepare  and  post  at  the 
place  or  places  of  holding  such  elections,  or  publish  in  some  newspaper  of  general 
circulation  in  the  district,  an  itemized  statement  of  all  money  expended  for  school 
purposes  in  the  district  within  the  school  year  last  preceding. 

46.  Clerk  to  deliver  books,  etc.,  to  successor. — Each  clerk  shall  at  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  office  deliver  to  his  successor  all  booki^  and  papers  in  his  hands  relating 
to  the  a^irs  of  his  district,  including  certified  copies  thereof,  and  reports  of  school 
statistics  filed  by  teachers. 

46.  How  derk  shall  keep  accounts. — ^The  provincial  superintendent*of  each  province 
shall  furnish  to  the  clerk  of  each  school  board  in  his  province  a  suitable  blank  book, 
made  according  to  the  form  prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  public  schools,  in 
which  shall  be  kept  a  record  of  the  school  funds  of  his  district,  giving  amounts 
expended  and  for  what  purposes  expended. 

REPORTS. 

47.  Annual  report  of  board  of  education.— The  board  of  education  of  each  district 
shall  make  a  report  to  the  provincial  superintendent  on  or  before  the  last  day  of 
August  of  each  year,  containing  a  statement  of  the  expenditures  of  the  board,  the 
number  of  schools  sustained,  the  length  of  time  such  schools  were  sustained,  the 
enrollment  of  pupils,  the  average  monthly  enrollment  and  average  daily  attendance, 
the  number  of  teachers  employed  and  their  salaries,  the  number  of  schoolhouses  and 
schoolrooms,  and  such  other  items  as  the  commissioner  of  public  schools  may  require. 

48.  In  what  form  to  be  made. — The  report  shall  be  made  on  blanks  which  shall  be 
furnished  by  the  commiasioner  of  public  schools  to  the  provincial  superintendent, 
and  by  the  provincial  superintendent  to  each  clerk  of  school  boards  in  his  province; 
and  each  board  of  education  or  officer  or  employee  thereof,  or  other  school  officer,  in 
any  district  or  province,  shall,  whenever  the  island  superintendent  so  requires,  report 
to  him  direct,  upon  such  blanks  as  he  shall  furnish,  any  statements  or  items  of  infor- 
nuition  that  he  may  deem  important  or  necessary. 


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592  REPORT-  ON   THE    CfENSUS   OF   OITBA,  1899. 

49.  IteporU  by  principals  and  teachers. — Boards  of  education  shall  require  all  teach- 
ers and  principals  to  keep  the  school  records  in  such  manner  that  they  may  be  ena- 
bled to  report  annually  to  the  provincial  superintendent,  as  required  by  the  provisions 
of  this  order,  and  may  withhold  the  pay  of  such  teachers  as  fail  to  file  with  the  clerk 
reports  required  of  them.  The  board  ci  education  o^  each  city  district  shall  prepare 
and  publish  annually  a  report  of  the  condition  and  administration  of-  the  schools 
under  its  char^,  and  include  therein  a  complete  exhibit  of  the  statistical  afbirs  of 
the  district. 

50.  Duty  of  provincial  superintendent  as  to  school  report. — ^The  provincial  superintend- 
ent of  each  province  shall,  on  or  before  the  20th  day  of  September,  annually,  pre- 
pare and  transmit  to  the  island  superintendent  an  abstract  of  all  the  returns  of  school 
statistics  made  to  him  from  the  several  districts  in  his  province,  according  to  the 
forms  prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  public  schools,  and  such  other  facts  as  the 
commissioner  of  public  schools  may  require.  He  shall  also  cause  to  be  distributed 
all  such  orders,  circulars,  blanks,  and  other  jiapers  in  the  several  school  districts  of 
the  province  as  the  island  superintendent  may  lawfully  require.  The  provincial 
superintendent  shall  also  be  liable  on  his  bond  for  any  such  neglect  in  a  9um  not  less 
than  $300,  nor  more  than  |1,000,  on  complaint  of  the  commissioner  of  public  schools. 

51.  J\  hen  provincial  superintendent  ^icUl  appovnl  person  to  make  reports. — ^Upon  the 
neglect  or  failure  of  a  clerk  of  board  of  education  of  any  district  to  make  the  reports 
required  herein,  and  by  the  time  specified,  the  provincial  superintendent  shall 
appoint  some  suitable  person,  resident  of  the  district,  to  make  such  reports,  who 
shall  receive  the  same  compensation  therefor  and  in  the  same  manner  as  is  allowed 
herein  for  like  service;  and  before  an  order  for  the  pay  of  clerk  shall  be  made,  he 
shall  present  to  the  board  a  statement,  officially  signed  and  certified  by  the  pn> 
vincial  superintendent,  that  he  has  returned  all  the  reports  of  statistics  for  the  year 
required  by  this  order. 

PBOVISIONS  APPLYING  TO   ALL  SCHOOL  BOARDS. 

52.  Status,  powers,  and  duties, — ^Boards  of  education  of  all  school  districts  organized 
under  the  provisions  of  this  ordeir  shall  be,  and  they  are  hereby  declared  to  be,  bodies 
politic  and  corporate,  and  as  such  capable  of  suing  and  being  sued,  contracting  and 
being  contracted  with,  acquiring,  holding,  possessing,  and  disposing  of  prop^ty, 
both  real  and  personal,  and  of  exercising  such  other  powers  and  having  such  other 
privileges  as  are  conferred  by  this  order. 

53.  How  property  may  be  disposed  of. — ^When  a  board  of  education  authorized  so  to 
do  decides  to  dispose  of  any  property,  real  or  personal,  held  by  it  in  its  corporate 
capacity,  exceeding  in  value  $300,  it  shall  sell  the  same  at  public  auction,  after  giv- 
ing at  least  thirty  days'  notice  thereof  by  publication  in  some  newspaper  of  g^eral 
circulation,  or  by  posting  notices  in  at  least  five  of  the  most  public  places  in  the 
district  to  which  such  property  belongs. 

54.  What  property  the  boards  have  title  to. — All  property,  real  or  personal,  which  has 
heretofore  vested  in  and  is  now  held  by  any  board  of  education  for  the  use  of  public 
or  common  schools  in  any  districts  is  hereby  vested  in  the  board  of  education  pro- 
vided for  in  this  order  and  having  under  this  order  jurisdiction  and  control  of  the 
schools  in  such  district. 

55.  School  property  exempt  from  taxation, — ^All  property,  real  or  personal,  vested  in 
any  board  of  education  shall  be  exempt  from  tax,  and  from  sale  on  execution,  or 
other  writ  or  order  in  the  nature  of  an  execution. 

56.  Chnveyances  and  contracts. — All  conveyances  made  by  the  board  of  education 
shall  be  executed  by  the  president  and  clerk  thereof.  No  member  of  a  board  shall 
have  any  pecuniary  interest,  either  direct  or  indirect,  in  any  contracts  of  the  board, 
or  be  employed  in  any  manner  for  compensation  by  the  board  of  which  he  is  a  mem- 


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EDUCATION.  598 

ber,  and  no  contract  shall  be  binding  upon  any  board  unlees  it  be  made  or  authorized 
to  be  made  at  a  regular  or  special  meeting  of  the  board. 

57.  Process  against  boards  and  how  served. — Process  in  all  suits  against  a  board  of 
education  shall  be  by  summons,  and  shall  be  served  by  leaving  a  copy  thereof  with 
the  clerk  or  president  of  the  board. 

58.  Tie  vote  to  he  decided  by  lot. — In  all  cases  of  tie  votes  at  an  election  for  members 
of  a  board  of  education  the  judges  of  election  shall  decide  the  election  by  lot;  and  in 
other  cases  of  failure  to  elect  members  of  the  board,  or  in  case  of  a  refusal  to  serve, 
the  board  shall  appoint 

59.  Oaih  of  members  and  other  officers. — Each  person  elected  or  appointed  a  mem- 
ber of  a  board  of  education,  or  elected  or  appointed  to  any  other  office  under  this 
title,  shall,  before  entering  upon  the  duties  of  his  office,  take  an  oath  or  affirmation  to 
support  the  military  government  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  and  that  he  will  perform 
faithfully  the  duties  of  his  office,  which  oath  or  affirmation  may  be  administered  by 
the  clerk  or  any  member  of  the  board;  and  no  person  shall  be  elected  or  appointed  a 
member  of  a  board  of  education  who  has  not  the  qualification  of  an  elector  and  is 
not  able  to  read  and  write. 

60.  OrganizaJtion  and  selection  of  officers. — Each  board  of  education  shall  choose  annu- 
ally a  clerk,  who  shall  not  be  a  member  of  the  board,  but  shall  be  entitled  to 
vote  in  case  of  a  tie,  excepting  clerks  of  boards  of  education  of  city  districts  of  the 
first  class,  and  whose  compensation  shall  be  fixed  by  the  board  of  education. 

61.  Vacancies  in  boards  how  filled. — Vacancies  in  any  board  of  education  arising  from 
death,  nonresidence,  resignation,  expulsion  for  gross  neglect  of  duty,  or  other  cause, 
which  occur  more  than  fifteen  days  before  the  next  annual  election,  the  board  shall 
fill  within  ten  days  from  the  occurrence  of  the  vacancy,  imtil  the  next  annual  election, 
when  a  successor  shall  be  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired  term. 

62.  Quorum;  yeas  and  nays  to  be  taken  in  certain  cases. — A  majority  of  the  board  of 
education  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business  upon  a  motion  to 
adopt  a  resolution  authorizing  the  purchase  or  sale  of  property,  either  real  or  per- 
sonal, or  to  employ  a  superintendent,  teacher,  janitor,  or  other  employee,  or  to  elect 
or  appoint  an  officer,  or  to  pay  any  debt  or  claim.  The  clerk  of  the  board  shall 
call  publicly  the  roll  of  all  the  members  composing  the  board,  and  enter  on  the  rec- 
ords required  to  be  kept  names  of  those  voting  "aye**  and  the  names  of  those  voting 
**no.*'  If  the  majority  of  all  the  members  of  the  board  vote  "aye,**  the  president 
shall  declare  the  motion  carried;  and  upon  any  motion  or  resolution  any  member  of 
the  board  may  demand  the  yeas  and  nays,  and  thereupon  the  clerk  shall  call  the 
roll,  and  record  the  names  of  those  voting  "aye**  and  those  voting  "no.**  In  all 
cases  except  those  which  are  declared  to  require  a  majority  of  all  the  members  com- 
posing the  board  a  majority  of  the  quorum  is  sufficient  to  i)as8  a  measure,  and  the 
roll  need  not  be  called  unless  demanded  by  a  member  of  the  board.  ^ 

63.  Absence  of  the  president  or  clerk. — If  at  any  meeting  of  the  board  either  the 
president  or  clerk  is  absent,  the  members  present  shall  choose  one  of  their  number  to 
serve  in  his  place  pro  tempore;  and  if  both  are  absent  both  places  shall  be  so  filled, 
but  upon  the  appearance  of  either  at  the  meeting  after  his  place  has  been  so  filled  he 
shall  immediately  assume  the  duties  of  his  office. 

64.  Record  of  proceedings  and  attestation  thereof— The  clerk  of  the  board  shall  record 
the  proceedings  of  each  meeting  in  a  book  to  be  provided  by  the  board  for  that  pur- 
pose, which  shall  be  a  public  record.  The  record  of  the  proceedings  at  each  meet- 
ting  of  the  board  shall  be  read  at  ite  next  meeting,  recorrected  if  necessary,  and 
approved,  and  the  approval  shall  be  noted  in  the  proceedings;  and  after  such 
approval  the  president  shall  sign  the  record  and  the  clerk  shall  attest  the  same. 

65.  Illegal  meetings. — ^The  board  of  each  district  shall  make  such  rules  and  regula- 
tions, not  in  conflict  with  the  orders  of  higher  authority,  as  it  may  deem  expedient 

24662 38 


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594  BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

and  necessary  for  its  government  and  the  government  of  its  appointees  and  the 
pupils;  and  any  meeting  of  a  board  of  education  not  provided  for  by  its  rules  or  by 
this  order  shall  be  illegal  unless  all  the  members  thereof  have  been  notified  as  pro- 
vided for  in  paragraph  33. 

66.  Yearly  eMimaie  of  expenses. — Each  board  of  education  shall  make  annually, 
before  the  last  day  of  August,  on  forms  to  be  furnished  for  that  purpose,  a  detailed 
estimate  of  the  probable  expenses  of  the  corresponding  district  for  the  school  year 
next  following,  such  estimate  to  be  forwarded  to  the  provincial  superintendent. 

67.  Rental  and  use  of  schoolhouses. — ^The  board  of  education  of  any  district  is 
empowered  to  rent  suitable  schoolrooms,  but  no  lease  of  a  schoolroom  or  building 
shall  be  made  for  a  period  exceeding  one  year.  When  in  the  judgment  of  any  board 
of  education  it  would  be  for  the  advantage  of  the  children  residing  in  any  school 
district  to  hold  literary'  societies,  school  exhibitions,  normal  school  or  teachers' 
institutes,  the  board  of  education  shall  authorize  the  opening  of  such  schoolhouses 
for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  provided  such  action  shall  in  no  wise  interfere  with  the 
public  schools  in  such  district. 

68.  Illegal  use  of  schoolhotises, — Schoolrooms  shall  be  secured  in  healthful  localities, 
and  shall  be  clean,  well  ventilated,  and  well  lighted,  and  all  rooms,  buildings,  or 
parts  of  buildings  rented  or  assigned  for  school  use  shall  be  used  exclusively  for 
school  purposes,  and  no  teacher,  janitor,  or  other  person  shall  dwell  therein. 

69.  Sufficient  schools  must  be  provided. — Each  board  of  education  shall  establish  a 
sufficient  number  of  schools  to  provide  for  the  free  education  of  the  youth  of  school 
age  in  the  district  under  its  control  at  such  places  as  will  be  most  convenient  for  the 
attendance  of  the  largest  number  of  such  youth,  and  shall  continue  each  and  every 
day  school  so  established  thirty^x  weeks  in  each  school  year;  and  each  municipal 
board  of  education  shall  establish  at  least  one  primary  school  in  each  subdistrict 
under  its  control.* 

70.  Schools  at  children's  homes  and  orphan  asylums. — ^The  board  of  any  district  in 
which  a  children's  home  or  orphans'  asylum  is  or  may  be  established  by  law,  shall, 
when  requested  by  the  directors  of  such  children's  home  or  orphans'  asylum,  estab- 
lish in  such  home  or  asylum  a  separate  school,  so  as  to  afford  to  the  children  therein 
as  far  as  practicable  the  advantages  and  privileges  of  the  common-school  education. 
All  schools  so  established  in  any  such  home  or  asylum  shall  be  under  the  control  and 
management  of  the  directors  of  such  institution,  which  directors  shall,  in  the  control 
and  management  of  such  schools,  as  far  as  practicable,  be  subject  to  the  same  laws 
that  boards  of  education  and  other  school  officers  are  who  have  change  of  the  com- 
mon schools  of  such  district;  and  the  teacher  of  any  such  school  so  established  shall 
make  all  reports  required  by  this  order  as  any  other  teacher  of  the  district,  and  to 
the  same  officers. 

71.  Etwning  schools. — In  any  district,  or  part  thereof,  parents  or  guardians  of  chil- 
dren of  school  age  may  petition  the  board  of  education  to  oi^ganize  an  evening  school. 
The  petition  shall  contain  the  names  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  youths  of  school 
age  who  will  attend  such  school,  and  who,  for  reasons  satisfactory  to  the  board,  are 
prevented  from  attending  day  school.  Upon  receiving  such  petition  the  board  of  edu- 
cation shall  pro\'ide  a  suitable  room  for  the  evening  school,  and  employ  a  competent 
person,  who  holds  a  regularly  issued  teacher's  certificate,  to  teach  it.  Suc.i  board 
may  discontinue  any  such  evening  school  when  the  average  evening  attendance  for 
any  month  falls  below  12. 

*  Boards  of  education  may,  in  their  discretion,  permit  boys  and  girls  of  school  age 
to  attend  the  same  school;  and  it  is  hoped  that,  at  least  with  young  children,  this 
plan  will  prevail,  as  it  will  tend  to  develop  that  high  respect  between  the  sexes 
which  is  the  basis  of  true  womanhood  and  manhood.  In  small  towns  and  in  the 
country  it  may  often  be  the  only  means  of  establishing  sufficient  schools. 


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EDUOATIOW.  595 

72.  Who  may  be  admitted  to  public  schools. — Schools  of  each  district  shall  be  free  to 
all  unmarried  youth  between  6  and  18  years  of  age  who  are  children,  wards,  or 
apprentices  of  actual  residents  of  the  district,  including  children  of  proper  age  who 
are  or  may  be  inmates  of  a  children's  home  or  orphans'  asylum  located  in  any  such 
school  district;  provided,  that  all  unmarried  youth  of  school  age  living  apart  from 
their  parents  or  guardians  and  who  work  to  support  themselves  by  their  own  labor 
shall  be  entitled  to  attend  school  free  in  the  district  in  which  they  are  employed. 
The  several  boards  shall  make  such  assignment  of  the  unmarried  youth  of  their 
respective  districts  to  the  schools  established  by  them  as  will,  in  their  opinion,  beet 
promote  the  interests  ol  education  in  their  district 

73.  Suspension  and  expulsion  of  pupils, — No  pupil  shall  be  suspended  from  school 
by  a  superintendent  or  teacher  except  for  such  time  as  may  be  necessary  to  convene 
the  board  of  education,  and  no  pupil  shall  be  expelled  except  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds 
of  such  board,  and  not  until  the  parent  or  guardian  of  the  offending  pupil  has  been 
notified  of  the  proposed  expulsion  and  permitted  to  be  heard  against  the  same;  and 
no  pupil  shall  be  suspended  or  expelled  from  any  school  beyond  the  current  term 
thereof. 

74.  Holidays. — ^Teachers  employed  in  the  conmion  schools  may  dismiss  their 
schools,  without  forfeiture  of  pay,  on  such  legal  holidays  as  the  military  governor 
may  from  time  to  time  appoint. 

75.  School  year,  week,  and  day, — ^The  school  year  shall  begin  on  the  1st  day  of  Sep- 
tember of  each  year  and  close  on  the  31st  day  of  August  of  the  succeeding  year. 
Schools  shall  open  regularly  on  the  second  Monday  of  September  of  each  year,  and 
the  fi]%t  term  shall  end  on  December  24  next  following.  The  second  term  shall 
begin  January  2  of  each  year  and  end  on  the  Friday  next  preceding  Holy  Week. 
The  third  term  shall  begin  on  the  first  Monday  after  said  Holy^  Week  and  end  when 
paragraph  69  has  been  comphed  with.  The  school  month  shall  consist  of  four  school 
weeks,  and  the  school  week  shall  consist  of  the  five  days  from  Monday  to  Friday, 
inclusive.  The  daily  school  session  shall  be  for  six  hours,  not  including  recesses, 
and  shall  be  divided  into  a  morning  and  afternoon  session. 

76.  Boards  to  control  schools  and  appoint  officers. — Each  board  of  education  shall 
have  the  management  and  control  of  the  public  schools  of  the  district,  except  as 
otherwise  provided  for  boards  of  education  in  city  districts,  with  full  power  to 
appoint  principals,  teachers,  janitors,  and  other  employees,  and  fix  their  salaries  or 
pay,  provided  such  salaries  per  month  do  not  exceed  the  following:  In  Habana,|65; 
in  the  capitals  of  provinces  and  in  Cardenas  and  Cienfuegos,  $50.  In  all  other  munic- 
ipalities, $40,  except  for  all  teachers  in  schools  with  an  average  attendance  of  less 
than  30  pupils,  in  which  case  the  salary  shall  not  exceed  $30;  and  any  person  serving 
as  a  regular  teacher  of  a  school,  and  also  having  the  supervision  of  not  less  than  two 
other  schools,  shall  be  rated  as  a  principal  on  the  rolls  and  receive  the  additional 
sum  of  $10  per  month.  Such  salaries  or  pay  may  be  increased,  but  shall  not  be 
diminished  during  the  term  for  which  the  appointment  is  made;  but  no  person  shall 
be  appointed  for  a  longer  time  than  one  year,  and  the  board  of  education  may  dis- 
miss any  appointee  for  inefficiency,  neglect  of  duty,  immorality,  or  improper  con- 
duct Women  only  shall  be  employed  in  schools  for  girls;  either  women  or  men 
may  be  employed  in  schools  for  boys.  For  similar  services  women  and  men  shall 
at  all  times  receive  equal  pay. 

77.  DaU  of  teacher's  appointmerU,'-The  teacher's  appointment  shall  date  from  and 
the  teacher's  salary  shall  begin  on  the  day  when  he  first  takes  charge  of  a  school  during 
any  school  term,  and  at  the  end  of  the  first  calendar  month  thereafter  he  shall  be 
paid  such  part  of  a  month's  salary  as  corresponds  to  the  length  of  time  he  has  been 
in  actual  charge  of  a  school.  Thereafter  his  salary  shall  be  due  and  payable  for  each 
calendar  month,  and  all  contracts  for  the  service  of  teachers  shall  be  for  a  term  or 
period  of  time  ending  on  the  last  day  of  August  of  the  school  year  for  which  the 
teacher  was  hired. 


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596  REBORT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 

78.  Salary  during  txwalions, — ^The  teacher's  salary  will  continue  daring  vacations  as 
well  as  the  actual  school  periods. 

When  mlary  may  not  he  drawn. — In  order  to  be  entitled  to  draw  the  salary  daring 
vacations,  teachers  must  employ  such  periods  in  normal  schools,  teachers  meeting  for 
instruction,  or  in  following  other  courses  of  instruction  approved  by  the  board  of 
superintendents,  provided  that  such  school  meetings  or  courses  of  study  are  previously 
prescribed  by  said  board,  otherwise  the  salary  will  be  regularly  due  the  teachers 
without  vacation  work. 

79.  When  unlawful  to  employ  teachers. — It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  board  of  educa- 
tion, prior  to  the  annual  election  and  the  qualification  of  the  director  or  directors 
elected  thereat,  to  employ  or  contract  to  employ  any  teacher  for  a  term  to  commence 
after  the  expiration  of  the  current  school  year;  and  the  school  director  in  each  sub- 
district  of  municipal  districts,  the  president  of  the  school  board  in  each  city  district 
of  the  second  class,  and  the  superintendents  of  instruction  in  city  districts  of  the 
first  class  shall  give  to  the  teacher  or  teachers  under  their  control  certificates  of  such 
employment  and  of  services  rendered,  addressed  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  educa- 
tion, who,  upon  presentation  thereof  and  compliance  of  such  teachers  with  the  pro- 
visions of  {Paragraph  49,  shall  draw  orders  on  the  proper  disbursing  officer  for  the 
amotmt  certified  to  be  due  in  favor  of  the  parties  entitied  thereto,  and  the  said  dis- 
bursing officer  shall  pay  the  same.  If  salaries  are  not  paid  within  thirty  days  of 
the  date  of  application  for  the  same  by  the  teacher,  boards  of  education  shall,  and 
teachers  may,  report  the  fact  to  the  commissioner  of  public  schools,  who  will  give 
the  matter  personal  attention. 

80.  TeacherB  may  me  hoard  for  pay. — If  the  board  of  education  of  any  district  dis- 
miss any  teacher  for  any  frivolous  or  insufficient  reason,  such  teacher  may  bring  suit 
against  such  board  of  education,  and  if  on  the  trial  of  the  case  a  judgment  be  obtained 
against  the  board  of  education,  the  board  shall  direct  the  clerk  to  issue  an  order  upon 
the  proper  disbursing  officer  for  the  sum  so  found  due  to  the  person  entitied  thereto, 
and  in  such  suits  process  may  be  served  on  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  the  district,  and 
service  upon  him  shall  be  sufficient 

BNUHSRATION. 

81.  Yearly  enumeration  of  school  youth. — ^There  shall  be  taken  in  each  district 
annually  during  the  two  weeks  ending  on  the  fourth  Saturday  of  March  an  enumera- 
tion of  all  unmarried  youths,  denoting  sex,  between  6  and  18  years  of  age,  resident 
within  the  district  and  not  temporarily  there,  designating  also  the  number  between 
8  years  of  age,  the  number  between  8  and  14  years  of  age,  the  number  between  14 
and  16  years  of  age,  and  the  number  between  16  and  18  years  of  age. 

82.  How  enumeration  of  yovih  is  taken. — Each  person  required  or  employed  under 
this  order  to  take  such  enumeration  shall  take  an  oath  or  affirmation  to  take  the 
same  accurately  and  truly  to  the  best  of  his  skill  and  ability.  When  making  return 
thereof  to  the  proper  officers,  he  shall  accompany  the  same  with  a  list  of  the  names 
of  all  the  youths  so  enumerated,  noting  the  age  of  each,  and  with  his  affidavit  duly 
certified  that  he  has  taken  and  returned  the  enumeration  accurately  and  truly  to 
the  best  of  his  knowledge  and  belief,  and  that  such  list  contains  the  names  of  all 
youths  so  enumerated  and  none  others. 

Compensation  for  same. — The  officer  to  whom  such  return  is  required  to  be  made 
may  administer  such  oath  or  affirmation  and  take  and  certify  such  affidavits,  and 
shall  keep  in  his  office  for  the  period  of  five  years  such  reports  and  lists  of  names, 
and  each  person  taking  and  returning  the  enumeration  shall  be  allowed  by  the 
proper  boaM  of  education  reasonable  compensation  for  his  services,  which  in 
municipal  subdistricts  shall  not  exceed  $2  for  each  person  authorized,  required,  or 
appointed  to  perform  the  service. 


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EDUCATION.  597 

83.  Director  to  take  enumeration  in  suhdUtricts. — ^The  director  of  each  subdistrict  shall 
take  the  enumeration  of  his  subdistrict  and  return  same  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of 
education  in  the  manner  j[>reecribed  herein. 

84.  Clerks  to  trantmil  abstract  of  enumeration  to  provmcial  superintendeni, — ^The  clerk 
of  each  board  shall,  annually,  on  or  before  the  first  Saturday  of  April,  make  and 
transmit  to  the  provincial  superintendent  of  the  province  in  which  is  situated  the 
corresponding  district,  an  abstract  of  the  enumeration  by  this  order  required  to  be 
returned  to  him,  according  to  the  form  prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  public 
schools,  with  an  oath  or  affirmation  indorsed  thereon  that  it  is  a  correct  abstract  of 
the  returns  made  to  him  tmder  oath  or  affirmation,  and  the  oath  or  affirmation  of  the 
clerk  may  be  administered  and  certified  by  any  member  of  the  board  of  education  or 
by  the  provincial  superintendent 

85.  Provincial  superintendents  to  furnish  abstract  to  commissioner  of  public  schools. — Each 
provincial  superintendent  shall  make  and  transmit  to  the  commissioner  of  public 
schools,  on  or  before  the  last  Saturday  of  April  in  each  year,  on  blanks  to  be  furnished 
by  the  latter,  an  abstract  of  the  enumeration  returns  made  to  him,  duly  certified. 

86.  Penalty  for  making  fraudulent  returns, — ^An  officer  through  whose  hands  the 
enumeration  required  herein  to  be  returned  passes,  who,  by  percentage  or  otherwise, 
adds  to  or  takes  from  the  number  actually  enumerated,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and,  upon  conviction  of  such  offense,  shall  be  fined  in  any  sum  not 
less  than  |5  nor  more  than  $500,  or  imprisoned  in  the  proper  jail  not  lees  than  ten 
nor  more  than  thirty  days,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court 

87.  False  rehims  from  teachers. — ^Any  enumerator,  teacher,  principal,  or  superin- 
tendent who  makes  a  fraudulent  return  of  statistics  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and  upon  conviction  of  such  offense  shall  be  fined  in  any  sum  not  less  than  |5  nor 
more  than  $500,  or  imprisoned  in  the  proper  jail  not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than 
thirty  days,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

ATTENDANCB. 

88.  T^me  of  attendance. — Every  parent,  guardian,  or  other  person,  having  charge 
of  any  child  between  the  ages  of  6  and  14  years,  shall  send  such  a  child  to  a  public, 
private,  or  parochial  school  not  less  than  twenty  weeks,  at  least  ten  weeks  of  which, 
commencing  with  the  first  four  weeks  of  the  school  year,  shall  be  consecutive,  occa- 
sional daily  absence  for  reasonable  excuse  excepted. 

Excusal  from  such  attendance. — Unless  the  child  is  excused  from  such  attendance  by 
the  president  of  the  board  of  education  in  municipal  districts  or  city  districts  of  the 
second  class,  and  the  superintendent  of  instruction  in  city  districts  of  the  first  class, 
upon  a  satisfactory  showing,  either  that  the  bodily  or  mental  condition  of  the  child 
does  not  permit  of  its  attending  school,  or  that  the  child  is  being  instructed  at  home 
by  a  person  qualified,  in  the  opinion  of  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  education,  to  teach 
writing,  spelling,  reading,  geography,  and  arithmetic. 

89.  Employment  of  children  under  14  years  of  age. — No  child  under  the  age  of  14  years 
shall  be  employed  by  any  person,  company,  or  corporation  during  the  school  term, 
and  while  the  public  schools  are  in  session,  unless  the  parent,  guardian,  or  person  in 
charge  of  such  child  shall  have  fully  complied  with  the  requirements  of  the  preced- 
ing paragraph.  Every  person,  company,  or  corporation  shall  require  proof  of  such 
compliance  before  employing  any  such  minor,  and  shall  make  and  keep  a  written 
record  of  the  proof  given,  and  shall,  upon  the  request  of  the  truant  officer  hereinafter 
provided  for,  permit  him  to  examine  such  record.  Any  person,  company,  or  corpo- 
ration employing  any  child  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  paragraph  shall  be 
fined  not  less  than  $25  nor  more  than  $50. 

90.  Truant  officers. — To  aid  in  the  enforcement  of  the  last  two  paragraphs  truant 
officers  shall  be  appointed  and  employed  as  follows:  In  city  districts  the  board  of 
education  shall  appoint,  employ,  and  fix  the  salary  of  one  or  more  truant  officers; 


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598  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CEK8U8   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

in  township  districte  the  board  of  education  shall  appoint  one  tmant  officer.  The 
compensation  of  the  truant  officer,  except  in  city  districts,  shall  be  $2  per  day  for 
each  day  actually  employed  in  carrying  out  the  orders  of  the  clerk  of  the  board  of 
education. 

91.  Powers  and  duties. — The  tmant  officer  shall  be  vested  with  police  powers,  and 
shall  have  authority  to  enter  workshops,  factories,  stores,  and  all  other  places  where 
children  may  be  employed,  and  do  whatever  may  be  necessary  in  the  way  of  investi- 
gation, or  otherwise,  to  enforce  the  last  two  paragraphs.  The  clerk  of  the  board  of 
education,  upon  the  representation  of  the  truant  officer,  shall  institute  proceedings 
against  any  officer,  parent,  guardian,  person,  or  corporation  violating  any  of  the  pro- 
visions of  the  last  two  paragraphs.  The  truant  officer  shall  keep  a  record  of  his  trans- 
actions for  the  inspection  and  information  of  the  board  of  education,  and  he  shall 
make  such  reports  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  education  as  are  required  by  him. 

91.  ReporU  of  principcUs  and  teachers, — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  principals  and 
teachers  of  schools — pubUc,  private,  and  |)arochial — to  report  to  the  clerk  of  the  board 
of  education  of  the  district  in  which  the  schools  are  situated  the  names,  ages,  and 
residence  of  all  pupils  in  attendance  at  their  schools,  together  with  such  other  facta 
as  said  clerk  may  require,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  carrying  out  of  the  last  three  parar 
graphs,  and  such  report  shall  be  made  the  last  week  of  each  month.  It  shall  be  the 
further  duty  of  such  principals  and  teachers  to  report  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of 
education  all  cases  of  truancy  in  their  respective  schools  as  soon  after  the  offenses 
have  been  committed  as  practicable. 

92.  Proceedings  in  cases  of  truancy. — On  the  request  of  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  edu- 
cation, the  truant  officer  shall  examine  into  any  case  of  truancy  within  his  district, 
and  warn  the  truant  and  its  parents,  guardian,  or  other  person  in  chaige,  in  writing, 
of  the  final  consequences  of  truancy  if  persisted  in.  When  any  child  between  the 
ages  of  8  and  14  years  is  not  attending  school  without  lawful  excuse,  or  in  violation 
of  the  preceding  paragraph,  the  truant  officer  shall  notify  that  parent,  guardian,  or 
other  person  in  charge  of  said  child  of  the  fact,  and  require  such  parent,  guardian, 
or  other  person  in  charge  to  cause  the  child  to  attend  come  recognized  school  within 
five  days  of  the  day  of  notice;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  parent,  guardian,  or 
other  person  in  charge  of  the  child  so  to  cause  its  attendance  at  some  recognized  school. 

Penalties  imposed  on  parents,  guardians,  etc. — Upon  failure  to  do  so  the  truant  officer 
shall  report  the  case  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  education,  who  shall  make  com- 
plaint against  the  parent,  guardian,  or  other  person  in  chai^  of  the  child  in  any 
court  of  competent  jurisdiction  in  the  district  in  which  the  offense  occurs  for  such 
failure,  and  upon  conviction  the  parent,  guardian,  or  other  person  in  charge  shall 
be  fined  not  less  than  $5  nor  more  than  $25,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court,  the 
offense  to  be  punishable  as  &faUa;  or  the  court  may,  in  its  discretion,  require  the  per- 
son so  convicted  to  give  a  bond  in  the  penal  simi  of  $100,  with  sureties  to  the 
approval  of  the  court,  conditioned  that  he  or  she  will  cause  the  child  under  his  or 
her  charge  to  attend  some  recognized  school  within  five  days  thereafter,  and  to 
remain  at  such  school  during  the  term  prescribed  by  law;  and  upon  a  failure  or 
refusal  of  any  such  parent,  guardian,  or  other  person  to  pay  said  fine  or  furnish  said 
bond  according  to  the  order  of  the  court,  then  said  parent,  guardian,  or  other  per- 
son shall  be  imprisoned  in  the  proper  jail  not  less  than  five  days  nor  more  than  ten 
days. 

93.  When  child  is  exempt — When  any  truant  officer  is  satisfied  that  any  child, 
compelled  to  attend  school  by  the  provisions  preceding,  is  unable  to  attend  school 
because  absolutely  required  to  work,  at  home  or  elsewhere,  in  order  to  support  itself, 
or  help  support  or  care  for  others  l^ally  entitled  to  its  support,  who  are  unable  to 
support  or  care  for  themselves,  the  truant  officer  shall  report  the  case  tothe  board 
of  education,  who  may  exempt  such  child  from  the  provisions  preceding. 

94.  Penalties. — ^Any  officer,  principal,  teacher,  or  person,  mentioned  in  the  forego- 


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EDUCATION.  599 

ing  paragraphs,  neglecting  to  perform  any  duty  imposetl  upon  liim  by  tliese  para- 
graphs, shall  be  fined  not  less  than  $5  nor  more  than  $20  for  each  offense.  Any 
oflScer  or  agent  of  any  corporation  violating  any  of  the  aforementioned  paragraphs, 
who  participates  or  acquiesces  in  or  is  cognizant  of  such  violation,  shall  be  fined  not 
lees  than  $5  nor  more  than  $20.  Any  person  who  violates  any  of  the  aforesaid 
paragraphs  for  which  a  penalty  is  not  elsewhere  provided  shall  be  fined  not  more, 
than  $50. 

Jurisdiction. — Correctional  judges,  or  if  the  district  has  not  a  correctional  judge, 
then  the  municipal,  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  try  the  offenses  described  in  the  afore- 
said paragraphs,  and  their  judgment  shall  be  final. 

95.  Where  law  does  not  operate. — This  enforced  attendance  shall  not  be  operative  in 
any  school  district  where  there  are  not  suflScient  accommodations  in  the  public 
schools  to  seat  children  compelled  to  attend  the  public  schools  under  the  provisions 
of  the  five  preceding  paragraphs. 

96.  Duty  of  commissioner  of  public  school. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioner 
of  public  schools  from  time  to  time,  whenever  deemed  advisable,  to  formulate  and 
forward  to  boards  of  education  throughout  the  island  regulations  and  suggestions  for 
the  instruction  and  guidance  of  all  persons,  ofl&cers,  superintendents,  principals, 
teachers,  and  persons  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the  preceding  six  paragraphs, 
or  any  of  their  provisions. 

TEACHEKS*    INSTITUTE. 

97.  OrffanizoHon  by  board  of  superintendents. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  of 
superintendents  to  organize  in  each  province  at  least  one  teachers'  institute,  and  more 
than  one,  if,  in  the  opinion  of  the  board  of  superii^tendents,  one  will  not  accommo- 
date all  the  teachers  of  the  province. 

98.  Number  and  salaries  of  instructors  and  lecturers. — The  board  of  superintendents 
shall  determine  upon  the  number  and  salaries  of  instructors  and  lecturers  of  any 
institute  and  the  length  of  each  session  of  the  institute,  provided  that  no  session 
shall  continue  less  than  foifr  school  weeks.  Each  teacher  shall  attend  at  least  one 
complete  session  of  the  institute  in  order  to  obtain  his  salary  during  the  vacation 
period. 

Attendance  of  teachers  necessary  to  collect  vacation  salaries. — As  a  condition  of  attend- 
ing the  institute  each  teacher  shall  deposit  with  an  individual,  to  be  designated  by 
the  board  of  superintendents,  the  amount  of  $5,  which  shall  form  the  institute  fund. 

99.  Institute  fund. — This  fund  shall  be  used  to  cover  the  necessary  expenses  of  the 
institute  and  shall  be  expended  and  accounted  for  as  directed  in  order  from  time  to 
time.  If  the  expenses  of  the  institute  exceed  in  amount  the  institute  fund,  the 
unpaid  balance  shall  be  paid  from  the  island  revenues.  If  the  institute  fund  for  any 
year  exceeds  the  expenses  of  the  institute  for  that  year,  such  excess  shall  go  to  form 
a  sinking  fund  for  the  support  of  the  institute. 

100.  Organization  of  institutes. — The  board  of  superintendents  shall,  at  their  regular 
meeting  in  October,  1900,  decide  upon  a  plan  for  the  organization  of  the  teachers' 
institutes  of  the  island  for  the  school  years  of  1900-1901,  and  submit  the  same  to  the 
secretary  of  public  instruction  and  the  military  governor  for  approval  as  soon  there- 
after as  possible. 

101.  Plans  for  the  examination  of  teachers. — The  board  of  superintendents  shall  at 
their  regular  meeting  in  October,  1900,  decide  upon  a  plan  for  the  examination  of 
the  teachers  of  the  island  as  to  their  qualification  to  teach,  and  shall  present  the 
same  in  writing  to  the  military  governor  through  the  secretary  of  public  instruction 
as  soon  thereafter  as  possible  for  his  approval. 

102.  Certificate  a  requisite  to  employment  of  teacher. — After  the  approval  and  publica- 
tion of  the  plan  mentioned  in  the  preceding  paragraph  no  person  shall  be  employed 
as  teacher  in  a  common  school  who  has  not  obtained  from  a  board  of  examiners  hav- 


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600         BEPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OP  CUBA,  18^9. 

ing  competent  jorisdictioii,  a  certificate  of  good  moral  character  and  that  he  or  she 
is  qualified  to  teach  such  branches  of  study  as  the  board  of  superintendents  may 
decide  upon  and  possesses  adequate  knowledge  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  teaching. 
103.  All  salaries  and  fines  mentioned  in  this  order  shall  be  payable  in  United  States 
currency  or  its  equivalent. 

Institctb  Collbgiatb  Coubsb. 

I.  The  studies  indnded  in  the  collegiate  course  (segunda  enseflanza)  will  be  offered 
at  the  official  institutes  or  at  schools  incorporated  with  the  institutes. 

II.  The  following  qualifications  are  necessary  for  admission  to  the  studies  offered 
in  the  collegiate  course: 

First  The  applicant  for  adnussion  must  be  at  least  14  years  old,  or  be  specially 

authorized  to  be  admitted. 
Second.  He  shall  demonstrate  that  he  has  taken  the  primary,  elementary,  and 

superior  courses  of  instruction. 
The  applicant  shall  undergo  an  examination  whereby  he  shall  demonstrate: 
(a)  That  he  speaks,  reads,  and  writes  the  Spanish  language  correctly; 
(6)  That  he  reads  and  translates  English  or  French  passably,  and 
(c)  That  he  has  studied  and  is  familiar  with  the  following  subjects: 

1.  Practical  arithmetic  up  to  the  application  of  ratio  and  proportions. 

2.  Mechanical  drawing  and  elements  of  geometry. 

3.  Complete  geography  of  Cuba,  elements  of  geography  of  America,  and  rudi- 
ments of  universal  geography. 

4.  Elements  of  the  history  of  Cuba  and  the  rest  of  America. 

5.  Elements  of  physical  geography. 

6.  Elements  of  hygiene. 

7.  Elements  of  physiology. 

8.  Elements  of  zoology  and  botany. 

III.  The  institute  collegiate  course  comprises — 
Grammar  and  Spanish  literature  (historical  and  preceptive) . 
A  foreign  language  (English  or  French). 

Universal  geography,  universal  history. 

Mathematics,  including  trigonometry. 

Physics. 

Chemistry. 

Elements  of  cosmology  (physical  description  of  the  world). 

Introduction  to  biology.    Natural  history. 

Logic  and  elements  of  psychology. 

Introduction  to  sociology.    Civic  instruction. 

These  studies  shall  be  completed  in  at  least  four  years. 

IV.  The  distribution  of  the  studies  in  the  different  years  shall  rest  with  the  insti- 
tutes, subject,  however,  to  the  following  rules: 

The  first  course  of  a  foreign  language  may  be  given  in  Spanish.  The  following 
course  must  be  given  in  the  language  taught 

The  study  of  geography  shall  precede  that  of  history. 

Algebra  shall  precede  physics  Mid  chemistry.    Greometry  shall  precede  cosmolog)'. 

Cosmology  shall  precede  biology  and  these  studies  shall  precede  sociology. 

Elements  of  cosmology  and  introduction  to  biology  and  sociology  are  elective 
courses. 

It  shall  be  stated  in  the  diploma  given  to  the  student  at  the  end  of  his  studies 
whether  he  has  followed  any  or  all  of  the  elective  courses. 

v.  On  completion  of  each  course  the  standing  and  progress  of  the  student  shall  be 
demonstrated  by  the  following  examinations: 


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EDUCATION.  601 

Examination  in  Spanish  Grammar  and  Literature. 

The  candidate  shall  be  required  to  write  one  or  two  paragraphs  on  several  8U^ 
jects  selected  from  a  list  prepared  beforehand  by  the  board,  to  be  taken  from  stand- 
ard modem  Spanish  or  Spanish- American  works. 

He  shall  be  required  to  give  an  oral  explanation  of  what  he  may  have  written  and 
to  demonstrate  his  knowledge  of  the  rules  of  grammar  and  of  rhetoric. 

He  shall"  demonstrate  that  he  has  read  and  studied  several  classical  works  of 
Spanish  literature  (XVI  to  XIX  centuries),  which  shall  be  designated  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  course. 

The  examination  shall  embrace  the  literary  form  and  the  classification  of  the  work, 
the  author,  and  the  literary  period  to  which  they  may  belong. 

The  student  shall  also  present  his  composition  and  notebooks,  certified  to  by  his  . 
professor. 

Serious  mistakes  in  orthography,  syntax,  and  elocution  will  determine  the  failure 
of  the  student. 

Examination  in  Foreign  Lanquagb. 

The  candidate  shall  translate  into  correct  Spanish  some  passages  taken  from 
standard  contemporary  works.  These  works  shall  be  periodically  designated  by  the 
institute. 

He  shall  translate  from  Spanish  into  the  language  in  which  he  is  to  be  examined 
some  passages  designated  for  the  purpose. 

He  shall  answer  in  the  language  he  is  being  examined  in  the  questions  put  to  him 
about  the  lexicography  and  syntax  of  the  passages  he  may  have  translated. 

Examination  in  Geography. 

The  candidate  shall  solve  a  series  of  problems  on  the  planisphere  and  on  the  ter- 
restrial sphere. 

He  shall  answer  questions  demonstrating  that  he  understands  the  principles  of 
map  making. 

He  shall  i)ass  an  oral  map  examination. 

He  shall  write  an  exercise  on  a  subject  of  descriptive  geography  presented  by  the 
board,  in  which  exercise  he  must  show  his  knowledge  of  orography,  hydrography, 
different  races,  and  of  the  physical,  i>olitical,  and  economical  nomenclature  of  any 
country  or  region  designated.  He  shall  be  allowed  the  use  of  any  work  he  may 
desire  to  consult  in  the  preparation  of  this  exercise. 

He  shall  present  his  notebooks  and  designs  made  during  the  course,  certified  to 
by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  History. 

This  examination  shall  consist  of  two  exercises:  one  oral,  the  other  written. 

The  oral  examination  will  be  before  a  map.  It  will  show  the  general  knowledge 
of  the  candidate  regarding  the  principal  historical  epochs  and  a  more  circumstantial 
knowledge  of  a  period  of  modem  history,  which  period  shall  be  selected  by  the 
examining  board. 

The  written  exercise  shall  consist  of  a  thesis  on  a  subject  of  modem  history  to  be 
previously  selected  by  the  board.  In  said  exercise  the  candidate  must  demonstrate 
a  general  knowledge  of  the  political  and  social  condition  of  the  country  during  the 
period  designated.  He  shall  be  allowed  the  use  of  such  works  as  he  may  desire  to 
consult. 

He  must  present  his  notebook  certified  to  by  his  professor  and  his  sketches  of  his- 
torical maps,  and  must  prove  that  he  has  read  historical  works. 


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602         REPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  18^. 

Examination  in  Mathematics  (Arithmetic,  Algebra,  Gbometry,  and 
Trigonometry). 

It  shall  conBist  in  the  solution  of  a  series  of  problems,  not  less  than  five,  for  each 
one  of  the  four  divisions,  whereby  the  candidate  must  demonstrate  by  reasoning  his 
knowledge  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  the  science  of  mathematics. 

The  board  shall  take  note  of  the  clearnesss  and  precision  shown  by  the  student  in 
his  reasoning  and  demonstrations.  x 

The  student  shall  present  his  notebooks,  and  the  work  done  by  him  daring  the 
course,  which  shall  be  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  Physics. 

The  candidate  shall  select  thirty  experimental  exercises  from  a  list  prepared 
beforehand  by  the  institute.  Of  these  exercises  ten  shall  relate  to  mechanics  and 
five  each  to  light,  heat,  sound,  and  electricity,  respectively. 

The  board  may  require  such  exercise  or  exercises  as  it  may  deem  necessary,  and  an 
explanation  of  the  theories  on  which  they  are  based.  This  examination  shall  take 
place  in  the  laboratory. 

He  shall  present  a  written  thesis  on  a  subject  selected  by  the  board,  which  thesis 
shall  relate  to  the  application  of  physical  laws  to  current  phenomena. 

He  shall  present  his  notebooks  with  a  description  and  result  of  his  work  in  the 
laboratory.    They  siiall  be  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  Chemisttey. 

The  candidate  shall  choose  twenty  experiments  from  a  list  prepared  beforehand 
by  the  institute.  The  examining  board  will  require  him  to  perform  one  or  more 
of  said  experiments  and  give  the  necessary  explanations. 

This  examination  shall  take  place  in  the  laboratory. 

The  candidate  shall  present  a  written  thesis  on  a  subject  selected  by  the  board, 
which  thesis  shall  demonstrate  his  acquaintance  with  chemical  phenomena  and  its 
laws. 

He  shall  present  his  notebooks  with  a  description  and  result  of  his  work  in  the 
laboratory,  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  Elements  op  Cosmoloot. 

The  examination  shall  be  written  and  oral. 

The  first  shall  demonstrate  the  student's  general  knowledge  of  the  mechanism  of 
the  universe,  especially  of  the  earth,  as  well  as  his  skill  in  the  handling  of  the  more 
necessary  instruments  for  elementary  astronomical  and  meteorological  observations. 

The  second  exercise  shall  consist  in  the  students  presenting  a  written  thesis  on  a 
subject  selected  by  the  board.  Subjects  on  geology  and  physical  geography  will  be 
preferred. 

The  candidate  shall  present  his  copy  books  with  the  notes  and  observations  made 
by  him  during  the  course.    These  copy  books  shall  be  certified  to  by~the  professor. 

Examination  in  Biology. 

The  student  shall  present  a  short  thesis  on  the  subject  given  him  by  the  board, 
which  shall  demonstrate  that  he  possesses  a  thorough  knowledge  of  vital  phenomena. 
He  shall  answer  all  questions  in  reference  to  his  thesis. 

Examination  in  Natural  Histoey  (Mineralogy,  Botany,  Zoology). 

The  object  of  this  examination  is  to  demonstrate  that  the  student  understands  the 
elemental  phenomena  of  these  sciences,  and  that  he  has  studied  them  by  direct 
obeer\'ation. 


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EDUCATION,  603 

He  eball  undergo  an  oral  examination  embracing  at  least  one  sample  of  each 
kingdom. 

This  examination  shall  take  place  in  the  musemn. 

The  student  shall  present  a  certificate  from  the  professor  of  his  having  examined 
during  the  course  at  least  twenty  minerals,  twenty  plants,  and  twenty  animals,  and 
the  descriptions  and  classifications  he  may  have  made. 

Examination  in  Logic  aAd  Elements  op  Psychology. 

^  The  candidate  shall  demonstrate  that  he  knows  the  fundamental  laws  of  logic  in 
their  two  divisions — ^inductive  and  deductive;  and  he  shall  present  exercises  on 
propositions,  syllogism  and  sophism. 

He  shall  present  a  written  thesis  on  a  subject  given  him  by  the  board  on  psycho- 
logical data  of  logic. 

He  shall  present  his  exercises  and  notebooks  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  Sociology. 

The  candidate  shall  present  a  thesis  on  a  subject  given  him  by  the  board  which 
shall  demonstrate  that  he  posesses  a  thorough  knowledge  of  social  phenomena. 
He  shall  answer  all  questions  in  reference  to  his  thesis. 

Examination  on  Civic  Instruction. 

The  candidate  shall  demonstrate  by  an  oral  examination  that  he  possesses  a  general 
knowledge  concerning  the  state,  individual  freedom,  government  and  its  functions. 

He  shall  present  a  thesis  wherein  he  shall  apply  said  principles  to  the  political 
organization  of  Cuba  in  any  of  the  different  periods  of  its  history,  which  period 
shall  be  selected  by  the  board. 

He  shall  present  his  notebooks  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

At  the  close  of  the  exercises  of  each  examination,  the  board  shall  decide  whether 
the  student  has  passed  (aprobado;  A. ),  has  failed  (desaprobado;  D. ),  or  is  conditioned 
(suspenso;  S.). 

The  institute  may  order  special  examinations  at  the  end  of  each  course. 

After  passing  the  final  examinations  in  compulsory  studies,  the  student  has  the 
right  to  demand  his  examination  for  a  diploma  as  bachelor  of  letters  and  sciences. 
This  shall  be  oral  and  written. 

The  oral  examination  shall  last  at  least  one  hour,  and  shall  consist  in  his  replying 
satisfactorily  to  the  different  questions  of  the  board  on  subjects  in  the  different 
studies. 

The  written  exercises  shall  consist  of  a  thesis  on  a  subject  drawn  by  chance  from 
a  list  prepared  beforehand  by  the  institute.  The  board  shall  be  assembled  to  listen 
to  the  reading  of  the  thesis,  and  the  candidate  shall  be  required  to  give  such  explana- 
tions as  the  board  may  deem  proper. 

The  fee  for  this  examination  shall  be  $10. 

PfiOFESSOBS. 

VI.  There  shall  be  professors,  assistant  and  supernumerary  professors. 

Professors  shall  be  appointed  according  to  the  following  classification: 

Class  A.  Spanish  grammar  and  literature  (3  courses). 

Classes  B  and  C.  English  and  French  (2  courses,  respectively). 

Class  D.  Universal  geography  and  history  (2  courses). 

Class  E.  Mathematics  (3  courses). 

Class  F.  Physics  and  chemistry  (3  courses,  2  of  physics  and  1  of  chemistry). 

Class  G.  Cosmology;  biology;  natural  history  (3  courses). 

Class  H.  Logic;  sociology  and  civic  instruction  (2  courses). 


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604  BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 

When  the  number  of  studenta  does  not  exceed  50,  each  class  shall  have  one 
professor. 

When  the  number  exceeds  50,  an  assistant  professor  shall  be  also  appointed.  If 
the  nmnber  exceeds  100  another  assistant  profeasor  shall  be  appointed,  and  so  on  for 
each  50  students. 

The  professor  shall  teach  all  the  courses  in  each  subject 

The  salary  of  the  professor  shall  be  $1,^  per  annum  for  the  first  course,  with  an 
increase  of  40  per  cent  and  20  per  cent  of  the  salary  for  the  second  and  third  courses, 
respectively.  The  i^Edary  of  an  assistant  professor  shall  be  $750  per  annum,  with  the 
same  proportionate  increase. 

Should  a  professorship  become  vacant  the  assistant  professor  shall  be  appointed 
thereto.  If  there  be  more  than  one  assistant  professor,  the  senior  shall  be  i^pointed 
to  the  vacant  professorship. 

There  shall  be  at  least  two  supernumerary  professors  at  each  institute;  one  for  the 
academic  branches  and  one  for  the  scientific.  They  will  assume  the  duties  of  the 
professors  and  assistant  professors  whenever  these  may  be  absent  for  good  and  suffi- 
cient reason.  Supernumerary  professors  shall  receive  one-fourth  the  salary  of  a  full 
professor.  They  shall  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  $750  per  annum  for  the  time  over  one 
month  they  may  serve  as  substitutes  to  a  professor.  The  resulting  difference  shall 
be  deducted  from  the  salary  of  the  professor. 

Services  rendered  as  supernumerary  professor  will  be  taken  into  consideration 
when  appointing  assistant  professors. 
.  Salaries  in  the  institutes  of  the  provinces  shall  be  reduced  10  per  cent,  proportionally. 

APPOINTMBNT  OF  PROFESSORS. 

The  following  rules  shall  govern  the  appointment  of  professors  for  those  chairs 
which  may  become  vacant  in  the  future  and  are  not  filled  by  the  promotion  thereto 
of  an  assistant  professor,  and  for  the  appointment  of  assistant  professors: 

The  candidate  shall  be  a  doctor  in  letters  or  sciences.  He  shall  present  a  written 
statement  of  his  works  (books)  or  researches. 

He  shall  present  before  a  boards  appointed  for  the  purpose  by  the  secretary  of 
public  instruction,  a  vrritten  composition  on  a  subject  pertaining  to  the  chair  he 
desires  to  obtain;  the  subject  to  be  selected  from  a  list  previously  made  out  by  the 
board. 

Should  the  course  require  oral  teaching,  he  shall  give  an  experimental  oral  lesson 
before  the  board. 

The  composition  shall  be  written  within  six  hours,  in  a  closed  room,  the  candidate 
being  allowed  to  consult  such  works  as  he  may  require. 

The  oral  lesson  shall  take  place  after  twenty-four  hours'  free  preparation. 

It  shall  last  three-quarters  of  an  hour. 

Should  there  be  but  one  candidate,  the  board  upon  consideration  of  his  fitness  as 
demonstrated  by  his  works  (books)  or  researches,  and  by  his  previous  examina- 
tions, shall  approve  or  disapprove  the  claim.  Approval  will  in  this  case  entitle  the 
candidate  to  the  chair. 

Should  there  be  more  than  one  candidate,  the  board  shall  prepare  a  list  of  those 
who  have  passed  the  examination  according  as  they  are  more  or  less  fit  First  place 
on  the  list  will  carry  with  it  a  right  to  the  chair. 

The  degree  of  doctor  in  letters  or  sciences  is  not  required  for  a  professorship  in 
foreign  languages. 

When  full  professors  are  without  employment  they  shall  be  given  preference  as 
assistant  professors. 

Matriculation. 

VII.  Students  admitted  to  the  institute  coU^iate  course  shall  pay  $25  a  year,  in 
two  installments. 


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BDUilATION,  605 

This  registration  fee  gives  them  the  right  to  attend  all  the  coorsee  of  the  institute. 

When  a  student  attends  experimental  coorsee  he  shall  pay  |3  a  year,  in  one  pay- 
ment, for  the  use  of  the  laboratory. 

Students  of  incorporated  colleges  shall  not  pay  for  matriculation  in  the  institute, 
but  shall  pay  an  examination  fee  of  $10  for  each  subject  taught. 

Students  of  private  institutions  may  present  themselves  for  examination  on  pay- 
ment of  the  same  fee  for  each  course. 

Museums  and  Laboratories. 

VIII.  The  allotment  for  scientific  material  (instruments)  for  the  use  of  the  Insti- 
tute of  Habana  is  hereby  settled  in  the  amount  of  $3,000. 

This  allotment  shall  be  proportionally  distributed  among  the  several  museums  and 
laboratories,  according  to  the  judgment  of  the  director,  after  consultation  with  the 

different  professors. 

Preparatory  Course. 

IX.  For  two  years,  commencing  October  1,  1900,  a  preparatory  course  shall  be 
given  at  the  institutes,  for  which  the  age  requisite  is  not  necessary. 

To  attend  the  preparatory  course  the  appUcant  must  prove  that  he  has  received 
primary  elementary  instruction. 

The  studies  of  the  preparatory  course  shall  be: 

Group  A.  Spanish  grammar  with  exercises  of  composition  and  derivation;  recitar 
tion  of  selected  pieces  in  Spanish  prose  or  verse,  with  explanation  of  the  same;  ele- 
ments of  geography  and  history. 

Group  B.  Practical  arithmetic  up  to  ratio  and  proportion;  mechanical  drawing 
and  elements  of  geometry;  elements  of  hygiene;  elements  of  physiology,  zoology, 
and  botany. 

The  distribution  of  these  classes  and  their  duration  shall  be  regulated  by  the 
institute. 

Each  group  shall  be  taught  by  a  professor,  aided  by  such  number  of  assistants  as 
he  may  require,  in  the  same  proportion  of  one  assistant  for  each  additional  fifty 
students. 

The  salaries  of  these  professors  shall  be  $2,000. 

The  matriculation  fee  for  the  two  courses  shall  be  $20,  payable  in  two  installments. 

Calisthenic  Exercises. 

X.  Calisthenic  exercises  shall  be  obligatory  to  the  students  of  the  institute. 
At  each  institute  there  shall  be  a  g}rmnasium  and  an  instructor  of  gymnastics. 

XI.  The  secretary  of  public  instruction  will  issue  the  necessary  instructions  in 

order  that  students  who  are  actually  following  courses  in  the  institutes  may  complete 

their  studies. 

University  InerrRUCTiON. 

The  University  of  Habana  shall  have  three  faculties,  viz:  The  faculty  of  letters  and 
sciences,  the  faculty  of  medicine  and  pharmacy,  the  faculty  of  law. 

The  faculty  of  letters  and  sciences  shall  include  the  school  of  letters  and  philoso- 
phy, the  school  of  pedagogy,  the  school  of  sciences,  the  school  of  engineers,  electri- 
cians, and  architects,  the  school  of  agriculture. 

The  foculty  of  medicine  and  pharmacy  shall  include  the  school  of  medicine,  the 
school  of  pharmacy,  the  school  of  dental  sui^ry,  the  school  of  veterinarians. 

The  faculty  of  law  shall  include  the  school  of  civil  law,  the  school  of  pubUc  law, 
the  school  of  notaries  public. 

The  university  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  a  rector  and  shall  have  a  general 
secretary.  These  functionaries  shall  be  elected  by  the  professors  of  the  faculties,  in 
full  session. 


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606  BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENStJS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

The  election  shall  be  made  by  a  majority  of  at  leaet  two-thirds  of  the  profeasorB 
present,  there  being  assembled  atleaet  three-fourths  of  the  total  number  of  profesBorB. 

The  office  of  rector  shall  last  three  years;  that  of  secretary  six  years.  There  shall 
be  no  limit  to  reelections. 

The  rector  and  secretary  shall  not  be  necessarily  professors,  but  if  they  should  be, 
they  shall  not  occupy  their  chairs  during  the  time  they  fill  the  aforementioned  offices. 

There  shall  be  a  board  of  inspectors  for  the  university,  which  shall  look  to  the 
improvement  and  prosperity  of  the  institution  and  propose  to  the  government  any 
measures  tendmg  to  said  object. 

The  board  shall  consist  of  eleven  members,  as  follows:  Three  members  ex  offido, 
namely,  the  president  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Habana,  the  president  of  the 
"Sociedad  Econ6mica,''  the  president  of  the  supreme  court;  two  members  designated 
by  the  faculty  of  the  university,  but  not  belonging  to  it;  two  members  delegated 
from  the  six  institutes  of  the  island,  but  not  belonging  to  any  of  them;  one  member 
appointed  by  the  Association  Estudios  Clinicos  of  Habana;  one  member  appointed 
by  the  bar  association  of  Habana;  two  members  appointed  by  the  government  from, 
among  persons  distinguished  for  their  knowledge  or  artistic  attainments.  Four  of  the 
eight  members  shall  be  elected  every  three  years.    They  shall  hold  office  six  years. 

The  Facui/ties. 

Each  faculty  is  composed  of  the  professors  of  its  different  school  and  shall  be  pre- 
sided over  by  a  dean,  and  have  a  secretary,  elected,  both  of  them,  from  the  profeaBors. 

The  faculty  shall  freely  regulate  the  order  of  instruction  of  its  different  schools, 
distribute  and  subdivide  the  courses,  appoint  periods  for  vacations  and  examinations, 
and  recommend  the  refoiln,  extension  of  studies,  increase  of  courses,  addition  of 
chairs  and  laboratories  which  the  growth  of  the  school  may  demand,  without  .further 
Umitations  than  the  following: 

The  complete  courses  of  the  university  must  last  nine  months  within  the  year. 

The  courses  in  any  school,  which  students  of  another  school  or  of  another  fecnlty 
may  be  obliged  to  follow,  shall  be  so  arranged  as  to  be  accessible  to  said  students, 
a^d  the  different  Unities  shall  agree  upon  suitable  days  and  hours  for  the  corre- 
sponding lectures.  In  case  of  any  disagreement  among  the  Unities  the  rector  shall 
decide  the  matter. 

Each  ^ulty  shall  establish  its  own  regulations  and  submit  them  to  the  approval 
of  the  rector.  In  case  of  disapproval  he  will  state  the  reasons  therefor.  The  foculty 
may  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  rector  to  the  board  of  inspectors. 

FACui;rY  of  Leiters  and  Sciences. 

SCHOOL  OF  LBTTEBS  AND  PHILOSOPHY. 

The  studies  to  be  pursued  in  the  school  are:  Latin  language  and  literature;  Greek 
language  and  literature;  linguistics  and  philology;  history  of  modem  literature; 
psychology;  universal  modem  history;  moral  philosophy;  sociology;  hi^ory  of 
philosophy  (lectures). 

For  the  establishment  of  the  chairs  these  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Latin  language  and  literature,  3  courses. 

Chair  B.  Greek  language  and  literature,  3  courses. 

Chair  C.  Linguistics  and  philology,  1  course. 

Chair  D.  History  of  Spanish  literature,  1  course;  history  of  modem  foreign  litera- 
ture, 2  courses. 

Chair  E.  History  of  America,  1  course;  modem  history  of  the  rest  of  the  world,  2 
courses. 

Chair  F.  Psychology,  1  course;  moral  philosophy,  1  course;  sociology,  1  course. 


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EDUCATION.  607 

Final  written  examinations  shall  be  held  on  each  subject.  Students  shall  answer 
all  questions  put  to  them  by  the  board  upon  the  subjects  they  may  have  considered, 
and  shall  present  certificates  testifying  to  the  work  they  have  done  during  the  courses. 
Examination  in  Latin  and  Greek  requires  sight  translation  and  the  answering  of  any 
questions  concerning  the  text  translated. 

Everything  else  concerning  the  examination  shall  be  regulated  by  the  faculty. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  exercises  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  philosophy  and 
letters  any  students  who  may  have  satisfactorily  completed  all  the  coursS  of  the 
school  of  letters  and  philosophy. 

These  exercises  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  thesis  on  a  subject  selected  by 
the  candidate  from  a  list  which  the  faculty  shall  prepare  annually  and  in  answering 
to  the  questions  on  said  thesis  given  him  by  the  examining  board. 

Also  the  delivery,  after  twenty-four  hours  of  free  preparation,  of  an  oral  lesson  of 
not  more  than  three-quarters  of  an  hour  duration. 

The  rector,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  shall  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  philosophy  and  letters  to  students  passing  the  above  examinations. 

SCHOOL  OF   PEDAGOGY. 

The  studies  to  be  pursued  in  this  school  are:  Pedagogic  psychology,  pedagogic 
methodology,  history  of  pedagogy,  mechanical  and  free-hand  drawing. 

For  the  establishment  of  the  chairs  these  subjects  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Pedagogic  psychology,  1  course;  history  of  pedagogy,  1  course. 

Chair  B.  Pedagogic  methodology,  2  courses.  * 

Chair  C.  Drawing,  2  courses. 

A  school  of  practice  for  teachers  shall  be  added  to  the  school  of  pedagogy. 

Examinations  shall  be  held  at  the  end  of  each  course,  in  the  same  manner  as  those 
for  the  schools  of  letters  and  philosophy. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  exercises  for  the  d^ree  of  doctor  in  pedagogy  any 
students  who  may  have  satisfactorily  passed  all  of  the  examinations  of  the  school  of 
pedagogy  and  examinations  on  the  following  studies:  History  of  Spanish  literature, 
history  of  America,  modem  history  of  the  rest  of  the  world,  psychology,  moral  phi- 
losophy, physiology,  hygiene,  anthropology. 

At  the  same  time  the  student  shall  demonstrate  that  he  has  taught  as  assistant  to  a 
professor  at  the  school  of  practice  during  a  year  at  least. 

The  exercises  shall  be  equal  to  those  of  the  school  of  philosophy  and  letters;  but 
the  lesson  must  refer  strictly  to  the  application  of  padagogic  methods  to  any  of  the 
matters  of  instruction  in  the  schools. 

The  rector,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  shall  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  pedagogy  to  the  students  who  have  duly  qualified  in  these  subjects. 

School  of  Sciences. 

The  studies  to  be  taught  in  this  school  are  mathematical  analysis  in  all  its 
branches;  geometry  (descriptive  and  analytical);  trignonometry  (analytical,  plane, 
and  spherical);  astronomy;  mechanics;  physics  (heat,  light,  sound,  electricity); 
chemistry  (inorganic  and  organic,  qualitative  and  quantitative  analysis);  cosmol- 
ogy; biology;  anthropology;  mineralogy  and  crystallography;  botany,  and  zoology. 

For  the  establishment  of  the  chairs  these  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Mathematical  analysis,  2  courses. 

Chair  B.  Geometry  and  trigonometry,  2  courses. 

Chair  C.  Astronopy,  1  course;  cosmology,  1  course. 

Chair  D.  Mechanics,  1  course;  physics,  2  courses. 

Chair  E.  Chemistry,  2  courses. 

Chair  F.  Anthropology,  1  course. 

Chair  G.  Biology,  1  course;  zoology,  2  courses. 


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608  BBPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899, 

Chair  H.  Mineralc^,  1  course;  botany,  2  couraee. 

The  school  of  sciences  has  a  cabinet  of  astronomy  and  another  of  physics,  a  chem- 
ical laboratory,  a  museum  of  anthropology  and  natural  history,  and  a  botanical 
garden. 

Each  cabinet  and  laboratory  shall  have  its  corresponding  head  and  the  necessary 
assistants;  the  museum  shall  have  a  curator  and  the  necessary  assistants;  the  garden 
a  director  with  the  necessary  assistants. 

Examinations  shall  be  held  upon  the  completion  of  each  course.  These  examina- 
tions shall  be,  above  all,  of  a  practical  and  experimental  character.  The  students 
shall  exliibit  certificates  of  their  work. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  examinations  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  sciences 
any  students  who  may  have  successfully  passed  all  of  the  examinations  of  the  school 
of  sciences  besides  two  courses  of  drawing. 

These  exercises  shall  be  equal  to  those  of  the  school  of  philosophy  and  letters,  but 
the  oral  lesson  must  be  an  objective  one. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  sciences  to  the  students  who  have  been  found  duly  qualified  in  these  courses. 

School  of  Enginbsbs,  Elbctbicians,  and  ABCHiTEcre. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Topographical  and  structural  archi- 
tectual  drawing;  stereotomy,  shades  and  shadows,  perspective,  machine  design,  ^ 
stonecutting;  surveying  topography;  geology  and  geodesy;  hydromechanics;  metal- 
lurgy; graphic  statistics;  strength  of  materials;  machinery;  city  constructions  (art 
of  hewing  stone  and  handling  materials);  road  engineering  (city  streets  and  com- 
mon roads,  bridges,  railroads);  architecture  (planning  of  buildings,  constructions, 
and  decorations  of  buildings) ;  history  of  architecture;  contracts,  estimates,  and  spe- 
cial legislation  concerning  engineering  and  electricity ;  special  instruction  in  electricity. 

These  studies  shall  be  grouped  in  the  following  manner: 

Chair  A.  Drawing,  3  courses. 

Chair  B.  Stereotomy,  3  courses. 

Chair  C.  Topography  and  surveying,  2  courses;  geology  and  geodesy,  1  course. 

Chair  D.  Metallui^,  1  course;  civic  constructions,  1  course;  strength  of  materials, 
graphic  statistics,  1  course. 

Chair  E.  Hydromechanics,  1  course;  machinery,  1  course. 

Chair  F.  Road  engineering — streets  and  common  roads,  1  course;  bridges,  1  course; 
railroads,  1  course. 

Chair  G.  Architecture,  1  course;  history  of  architecture,  1  course;  contracts,  etc, 
1  course. 

Chair  H.  Special  instruction  in  electricity,  3  courses. 

The  school  shall  have  attached  to  it  a  mechanical  laboratory,  a  shop,  and  an  elec- 
trical laboratory  and  workshop.  Each  laboratory  shall  have  a  chief  with  the  neces- 
sary assistants. 

The  instruction  shall  be  eminently  practical.  Students  shall  be  obliged  to  visit 
workshops,  public  works,  and  constructions. 

Examinations  of  a  practical  and  descriptive  character  shall  be  held  at  the  end  of 
each  course.  Students  shall  exhibit  the  work  they  may  have  completed,  certified  to 
by  the  professor. 

The  ^ulty  shall  admit  to  the  examination  for  the  degree  of  civil  engineer,  any 
student  who  may  have  pursued  and  been  found  duly  qualified  in  all  of  the  courses 
of  the  school  of  engineers,  excepting  those  of  architecture  and  special  instruction  in 
electricity,  and  who  have  pursued  and  been  found  duly  qualified  in  the  following 
studies:  Mechanical  and  free-hand  drawing;  mathematical  analysis  in  all  its  exten- 
sion; geometry  and  trigonometry;  astronomy;  mechanics;  physics;  chemistry; 
mineralogy. 


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EDUCATION.  609 

The  exerdfie  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  project  for  a  construction  in  any 
of  the  branches  of  study,  including  the  necessary  illustrative  designs,  plans,  and 
models,  and  an  estimate  for  the  work. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  civil 
engineer  to  the  students  who  have  passed  these  examinations. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  examination  for  the  degree  of  electrical  engineer 
any  students  who  may  have  studied  and  been  found  duly  qualified  in  the  following 
studies:  Mathematical  analysis;  geometry  and  trigonometry;  mechanical  drawing 
applied  to  machinery;  mechanics;  physics;  chemistry;  metallurgy;  strength  of 
materials;  machinery;  special  course  in  electricity. 

*  The  exercise  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  study  of  an  electrical  machine, 
plant,  8}rstem,  or  process,  with  the  designs,  models,  and  necessary  calculations. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  electrical 
engineer  to  the  students  who  have  passed  this  examination; 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examination  for  the  degree  of  architect  any  students  who 
may  have  satisfactorily  passed  the  following  studies:  Mechanical  and  free-hand 
drawing;  mathematical  analysis;  geometry  and  trigonometry;  mechanics;  physics; 
chemistry;  mineralogy;  topographic,  structural,  and  architectural  drawing;  stere- 
otomy ;  strength  of  materials;  graphic  statistics;  civil  constructions;  machinery;  archi- 
tecture; history  of  architecture;  contracts;  hygiene. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  in  the  presentation  of  a  plan  for  the  construction  of  a 
public  or  private  building,  with  the  necessary  illustrative  designs,  plans,  and  models, 
and  its  estimate. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  architect 
to  the  students  who  pass  said  exercises  satisfactorily. 

The  faculty  shall  regulate  the  studies  for  builders,  and  shall  grant  said  title  to 
students  who,  after  having  followed  the  courses  pertaining  thereto,  shall  pass  the 
examination  required  by  the  faculty. 

Matriculation  for  said  studies  shall  take  place  at  the  office  of  the  faculty,  and  the 
latter  shall  also  collect  the  examination  fees. 

School  op  Agmcultubb. 

The  studies  followed  in  this  school  are  industrial  chemistry  and  industrial  analy- 
sis, manufacture  of  sugar,  agriculture,  zootechny. 

These  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Industrial  chemistry  with  analysis,  1  course;  manufacture  of  sugar,  1 
course. 

Chair  B.  Agriculture,  2  courses;  zootechny,  1  course. 

The  school  shall  have  a  piece  of  groimd  for  agricultural  experiments,  which  shall 
be  in  chai^  of  the  professor  of  Chair  B,  with  the  necessary  assistants. 

Examinations  of  a  practical  and  experimental  character  shall  be  held  at  the  end 
of  each  course.    Students  shall  present  certificates  of  work  done  by  them. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examination  for  the  title  of  chemical  agricultural 
expert  any  student  who  may  have  passed  all  the  courses  of  the  school,  and  the  fol- 
lowing studies:  Mathematical  analysis,  geometry  and  trigonometry,  mechanics, 
physics,  chemistry,  topography  and  surveying,  mineralogy,  geology,  zoology,  botany. 
,  The  exercises  shall  consist  of  a  series  of  chemical  industrial  analyses  and  of  the 
presentation  of  a  project  for  a  forming  enterprise. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of 
chemical  agricultural  expert  to  students  who  satisfactorily  pass  said  exercises. 

School  op  Medicine. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are  hygiene;  physiology;  anatomy;  normal 
histology;  dissection;  pathological  anatomy,  and  histology;  bacteriology;  topographical 
24662 39 


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610 


BEPOET   ON   THE   0KN8US   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


anatomy  and  operations;  general  pathology,  with  ite  clinic;  medical  pathology,  with 
ita  clinic;  surgical  pathology,  with  its  clinic;  gynecology,  with  ite  clinic;  ob^tetrios, 
with  ite  clinic;  pediatrics,  with  ite  clinic;  therapeutics  and  materia  medica;  medical 
jurisprudence  and  toxicology. 

Groups  ofitudUs  in  the  school  of  medicme. 


Bewriptlve  anatomy. , 
Diflsection 


2 


Normal  histology  and  hlsto-chem- 

Istry. 
Medical  physics  and  chemistry 


Physiology,  with  demonstrations.... 
Medical   natural    history   pharma- 
cology. 
Therapentics,  materia  medica,  etc... 

Toxicology 

Oeneralpathology ,  with  clinic 

Bacteriology 


Pathological  anatomy  and  histology. 


Medicine 

Tropical  diseases 

Clinical  analysis,  microscopic  and 
chemical. 

Clinical  medicine 

Diseases  of  children  with  clinic 

Surgical  pathology 

Gynecology  with  clinic 

Suigical  anatomy  and  operations. .. . 

Clinical  surgery , 

Genito-urinary  surgery , 

Skin  and  syphilis 

9  Obstetrics  with  clinic , 

ift/Hygi©ne  and  State  medicine 

*^L^1  medicine 


& 


.» 


Iconise.. 
2coai8e8. 


I  course.. 

1  course.. 

1  course., 
i  course.. 

1  course., 
i  course., 
loonne.. 
i  course.. 

I  course.. 

1  course, 
i  course. 
1  course. 


1  course. 
1  course. 
1  course. 
1  course. 
1  course. 
1  course, 
i  course, 
i  course. 
Icourse. 
1  course. 
I  course. 


ProLA. 


Asst.  A.. 

Piof.B.. 

ProtB.. 
Prof.C. 

Prof.C, 
Prof.C. 
Prof.D. 
Prof.D. 

Asst  A., 

Prof.  E. 
Prof.D. 


Prof.  F. 
AsstB. 
Prof.G. 
Piof.Q. 
Asst.  C. 
Prof.H. 
Prof.H. 
Prof.H. 
Prof.  I. 
Prot  J. 
Prof.  J. 


Demonstrator  A . 


Chief  of  laboratory  A. 
Chief  of  laboratory  B. 


.do. 


Chief  of  laboratory  C. 

do 

do 

Special  interne  A 

chief  of  laboratory  D. 

Chief  of  laboratory  A. 


Special  interne  A., 
Demonstrator  B . . 

Chief  of  clinic  A. . 
Special  interne  B. 

Special  int^eC., 


Chief  of  clinic  C 

.....do 

....do 

Chief  of  clinic  D 

Chief  of  Laboratory  E 
do 


Assistant  dem- 
omtratofB  A 
andB. 
Assistant  dem- 
onstrator C. 
Assistant  dem- 
onstrator D. 
Do. 
Assistant  dem- 
onstrators. 
Da 
Do. 

Anistant  dem- 
onstrator P. 

Assistant  don- 
onstiatorG. 


Aflsi8tant3-H. 


Assistant  I. 


Assistant  J. 
Do. 


Special  lectures  of  three  months'  duration,  namely:  Ophthalmology,  nervous  and 
mental  diseases,  throat,  nose,  and  ear. 

The  school  shall  have  an  anatomical  amphitheater,  a  histological  laboratory,  and 
a  bacteriological  laboratory.  There  shall  be  a  chief  for  each  one  of  these  depart- 
mente  and  for  each  of  the  clinics,  with  the  necessary  assistante. 

Studente  are  obliged  to  do  practical  work  of  dissection,  histology  and  pathological 
anatomy,  and  to  visit  the  hospitals  from  the  second  year  on. 

Examinations  of  a  practical  and  descriptive  character  shall  be  held  at  the  end  of  each 
course.  Studente  shall  exhibit  the  courses  and  practical  work  they  have  completed, 
certified  to  by  the  professor. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  examinations  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  medicine 
any  studente  who  may  have  passed  all  of  the  studies  of  the  school,  in  addition  to 
those  of  physics  and  chemistry. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  of  oral  and  written  examinations  on  four  cases  of  clin- 
ical medicine,  on  a  case  of  fracture  and  two  or  more  of  clinical  suigery,  three  cases  of 
obstetrics,  and  one  of  clinical  pediatrics. 

The  board  may  require  the  candidate  to  give  oral  explanations. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  medicine  to  the  studente  who  have  been  found  duly  qualified  in  these  examina- 
tions. 

School  op  Phakmacy. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Analytical  chemistry;  special  analy- 
sis (medicines,  food  and  poisons);  pharmacography  (pharmaceutical  matter);  prac- 
tical pharmacy. 


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BDUOATJOir.  611 

These  studies  shall,  for  the  assignment  of  chaire,  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Analytical  chemistry,  2  courses;  special  analysis,  1  course. 

Chair  B.  Phannacography,  2  courses. 

Chair  C.  Practical  pharmacy,  2  courses. 

The  school  shall  have  three  laboratories:  One  for  anal3r8iB,  another  for  pharmauog- 
raphy,  and  the  other  for  pharmacy. 

There  shall  be  chiefs  of  laboratories  and  assistants. 

Examinations,  mainly  of  a  practical  and  experimental  character,  shall  be  held  at 
the  end  of  each  course.  Students  shall  present  certificates  of  the  work  done  by 
them  in  the  laboratory. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examination  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  pharmacy  any 
students  who  may  have  passed  all  of  the  studies  of  the  school  of  pharmacy,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  following:  Physics,  chemistry,  and  botany. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  of  four  analyses:  One  for  an  organic  substance,  one  for  a 
medicinal  substance,  one  for  a  food  substance,  and  another  for  a  toxic  substance;  and 
of  two  exercises  in  laboratory  work,  one  of  them  being  the  microscopic  examination 
of  some  pharmaceutic  matter,  and  the  other  the  manipulation  of  formube  or  pre- 
scriptions. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  pharmacy  to  the  students  who  have  passed  these  examinations. 

School  of  Dental  Subobby. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Abnormal  histology  of  the  mouth; 
special  pathology  of  the  mouth;  operative  dentistry;  mechanical  dentistry. 

These  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Abnormal  histology  of  the  mouth,  1  course;  mechanical  dentistry,  2  courses. 

Chair  B.  Special  pathology  of  the  mouth,  1  course;  operative  dentistry,  2  courses. 

The  school  shall  have  a  dental  laboratory  and  a  dental  clinic.  This  laboratory 
shall  have  the  necessary  assistants;  the  professor  of  operative  dentistry  shall  be  the 
head  of  the  clinic  and  have  the  necessary  assistants. 

Examinations  of  a  practical  and  descriptive  character  shall  take  place  at  the  end 
of  each  course.  Students  shall  present  certificates  of  their  work  in  the  laboratory 
and  clinic. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examinations  for  the  degree  of  dental  surgeon  any  stu- 
dents who  may  have  passed  the  studies  of  the  school  of  dental  suigery,  as  well  as 
the  following:  Anatomy,  normal  histology,  physiology,  general  pathology,  patho- 
logical anatomy  and  histology  and  bacteriology,  therapeutics  and  materia  medica. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  of  the  examination  of  four  clinical  dental  cases  and  a 
written  report  on  them,  and  the  presentation  of  a  sample  of  the  student's  work  done 
within  the  laboratory  of  the  school. 

The  board  may  require  the  candidate  to  give  oral  explanations. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  dental 
surgeon  to  the  students  who  may  have  passed  these  examinations. 

The  school  of  veterinary  medicine  shall  be  oiganized  later. 

School  of  Civil  Law. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Roman  law,  civil  law,  penal  law, 
law  of  procedure,  commercial  law,  and  public  instruments. 
For  the  establishment  of  chairs,  these  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 
Chair  A.  Roman  law,  1  course;  public  instruments,  1  course. 
Chair  B.  Civil  law,  3  courses. 
Chair  C.  Penal  law,  2  courses. 
•  Chair  D.  Law  of  procedure,  2  courses;  commercial  law,  1  course. 


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612  BEFOBT   ON  THE  OSIfSUB  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

An  academy  for  legal  practice  shall  be  attached  to  the  school. 

After  the  first  year  of  study  students  are  obligated  to  attend  public  law  suits  in  the 
courts  of  justice  of  this  capital. 

Examinations  shall  be  held  at  the  end  of  each  course;  these  examinations  shall 
always  be  in  writing.  Students  shall  answer  the  questions  put  to  them  by  the  board 
concerning  the  subjects  they  have  treated,  and  shall  present  certificates  of  the  work 
they  may  have  done  during  the  courses. 

Ilie  faculty  shall  admit  to  examination  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  civil  law  any 
students  who  may  have  passed  all  the  studies  of  the  school,  in  addition  to  the 
following:  Latin,  modem  history,  psychology,  moral  philosophy,  sociology,  political 
economy,  and  anthropol<^y. 

These  exercises  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  thesis  upon  a  subject  selected 
by  the  candidate  from  a  list  the  faculty  shall  annually  prepare  and  of  an  oral  exam- 
ination by  the  board. 

He  shall  explain  to  the  board  the  records  of  a  civil  or  criminal  suit,  their  connec- 
tion and  object,  and  give  a  dear  opinion  on  the  case. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  civil  law  to  the  students  who  may  have  passed  these  examinations. 

School  of  International  Law. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Political  economy,  public  finance, 
administrative  law,  constitutional  law,  international  law. 

These  studies  are  for  the  establishment  of  the  chairs,  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Political  economy,  1  course;  public  finance,  1  course. 

Chair  B.  Administrative  law,  2  courses. 

Chair  C.  Constitutional  law,  2  courses;  international  law,  1  course. 

At  the  end  of  each  course  examinations  shall  be  held  in  the  same  manner  as  those 
for  the  school  of  civil  law. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examinations  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  international 
law  any  students  who  may  have  passed  all  of  the  examinations  of  the  school  of  inter- 
national law  and  the  following:  Modem  history,  psychology,  moral  philosophy, 
sociology,  civil  law,  penal  law. 

The  exercise  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  thesis  under  the  same  conditions 
as  those  of  the  school  of  civil  law. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
of  international  law  to  the  students  who  may  have  passed  these  examinations. 

School  of  Notaries  Public. 

The  studies  to  be  pursued  in  this  school  are:  Civil  law,  penal  law,  law  of  procedure, 
commercial  law,  administrative  law,  public  instruments. 

Students  in  this  school  must  have  one  year  practical  experience  before  obtaining 
their  degrees. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examinations  for  the  title  of  notary  public  any  students 
who  may  have  passed  all  of  these  studies. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  in  the  recording  of  different  public  documents  selected 
by  the  board. 

The  Professors. 

There  shall  be  professors,  assistant  professors,  assistant  professors  (chiefs  of  clinic), 
and  assistant  professors  (chiefe  of  laboratory). 

There  shall  be  a  professor  for  each  of  the  chairs  of  the  different  schools,  who  shall 
teach  all  of  the  courses  of  the  subject  The  salary  of  a  professor  shall  be  $2,000  per 
annum  for  the  first  course,  and  he  shall  receive  40  per  cent  and  20  per  cent  increase 
of  his  salary  for  the  second  and  third  courses,  respectively. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


EDUCATION,  613 

Professors  who  have  a  clinic  attached  to  their  cham  shall  be  paid  the  half  conise 
at  the  rate  of  a  whole  course,  as  increase  of  salary. 

Those  in  chai*^  of  one  coarse  only,  with  a  clinic  attached  thereto,  shall  receive  an 
increase  of  20  per  cent  of  their  salary,  and  those  teaching  two  courses  with  a  clinic 
shall  receive  10  per  cent  increase. 

The  assistant  professors  shall  substitute  the  professors  during  their  justified  absences. 
Whenever  an  assistant  professor  (chief  of  a  clinic  or  of  a  laboratory)  takes  the  place 
of  the  professor,  he  shall  be  substituted  in  his  functions  as  a  chief  by  the  first  assist- 
ant to  the  professor. 

The  assistant  professors  become  professors  in  cases  of  vacancy. 

The  school  of  letters  and  philosophy  shall  have  two  assistant  professors,  one  for 
for  the  group  of  languages  and  the  other  for  that  of  history  and  the  philosophic 
sciences. 

The  school  of  pedagogy  shall  have  an  assistant  professor. 

The  school  of  sciences  shall  have  as  many  assistant  professors  as  there  may  be 
chiefe  of  laboratories  required.  The  curator  of  the  museum  and  the  director  of  the 
botanical  garden  are  also  assistant  professors. 

The  school  of  engineers  shall  have  an  assistant  professor  and  its  corresponding 
chiefe  of  laboratory. 

The  school  of  medicine  shall  have  an  assistant  professor  and  its  chiefe  of  laboratory 
and  clinic.    The  chief  of  the  amphitheater  is  also  an  assistant  professor. 

The  school  of  pharmacy  shall  have  as  many  assistant  professors  as  there  may  be 
laboratory  chiefe  required. 

The  school  of  dental  suigery  shall  have  an  assistant  professor. 

The  school  of  civil  law  shall  have  an  assistant  professor. 

The  school  of  public  law  shall  have  an  assistant  professor. 

One  of  the  assistant  professors  of  the  faculty  of  letters  and  philosophy  shall  be  the 
librarian  of  the  university. 

Assistant  professors  who  have  no  additional  functions,  such  as  chief  of  laboratory, 
etc.,  are  obliged  to  give  two  weekly  lectures  on  subjects  connected  with  their  school. 

The  salary  of  the  assistant  professors  who  have  no  additional  functions  shall  be 
$750  per  annum. 

Whenever  they  substitute  a  professor  they  shall  have  an  increase  of  $250. 

Assistant  professors  (chiefe  of  laboratories  and  clinics),  the  curator  of  the  museum, 
the  director  of  the  botanical  garden,  the  chief  of  the  amphitheater,  and  the  librarian 
shall  have  a  salary  of  $1,000  each  per  annum. 

The  assistants  to  professors  in  the  laf)oratories  and  clinics  shall  receive  $500  per 
annum.  Whenever  the  first  assistant  to  the  professor  takes  the  place  of  the  chief^ 
said  amount  shall  be  increased  to  $750. 

Assistants  to  professors  are  appointed  by  the  rector,  upon  the  recommendation  of 
the  faculty. 

All  doctors  graduated  in  the  University  of  Habana,  or  who  are  l^ally  incorporated 
therewith,  may  give  courses  of  lectures  in  the  university  upon  coming  to  an  agreement 
with  the  dean  of  the  faculty  to  which  the  subject  taught  may  belong. 

The  students  of  these  courses  shall  be  admitted  to  examination  upon  payment  of  a 
fee  of  $25  per  subject 

Pbofbssobships. 

The  following  rules  shall  be  observed  in  regard  to  chairs  which  may  become  vacant 
and  not  be  filled  by  the  promotion  of  the  assistant  professors  thereto;  they  likewise 
apply  to  assistant  professorship. 

.  The  candidate  must  hold  the  degree  of  doctor  in  the  profession  to  which  the  chair 
may  belong.    The  title  of  engineer  shall  be  equivalent  to  that  of  doctor. 

The  title  of  normal  professor  authorizes  one  to  apply  for  the  chairs  of  the  school  of 
pedagogy.  No  title  is  required  for  candidates  to  the  chair  of  mechanical  and  free- 
hand drawinir. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


614  BEPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

The  candidate  shall  exhibit  a  written  report  of  his  works,  books,  and  services  ren- 
dered to  instruction. 

He  shall  present  to  the  board  of  examination  appointed  for  that  porpoee  by  the 
board  of  inspectors,  a  written  composition  selected  from  a  list  of  subjects  prepared  by 
the  board,  on  the  studies  pertaining  to  the  chair  to  which  he  aspires.  He  shall 
accompany  the  composition  with  a  statement  of  the  works  he  has  consulted. 

After  forty-eight  hours'  free  preparation  he  shall  give  a  one-hour  oral  lesson  before 
the  board. 

The  composition  shall  be  written  within  six  hours,  in  a  closed  room,  but  the  can- 
didate may  consult  the  necessary  works  for  reference. 

Candidates  for  the  chairs  of  sciences,  engineering,  medicine,  pharmacy,  and  dental 
surgery  shall  be  subjected  to  a  series  of  practical  examinations. 

If  there  should  be  but  one  candidate,  the  board  taking  into  consideration  excel- 
lence displayed  in  his  works  or  books  and  the  preceding  exercises  will  approve  or 
disapprove  his  candidacy.    Approval  will  entitle  him  to  the  chair. 

If  there  should  be  more  than  one  candidate,  the  board  will  draw  up  a  list  of  those 
approved,  in  the  order  of  their  standing.  The  first  on  the  list  will  be  entitled  to 
the  chair. 

Candidates  who  may  have  formerly  been  professors  of  the  university  shall  be 
credited  with  the  services  they  have  rendered,  and  they  shall  be  excused  from  the 
first  exercise. 

The  Students. 

To  be  eligible  for  admission  as  a  student  to  the  University  of  Habana — 

The  candidate  must  be  18  years  old. 

He  must  have  obtained  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  letters  and  sciences  in  any  of 
the  institutes  of  the  island,  or  hold  a  similar  degree,  duly  certified  to,  from  a  foreign 
college  or  institute. 

Matriculation. 

The  students  admitted  to  the  university  shall  pay  $80  a  year  in  four  payments. 

Payment  of  said  matriculation  fee  admits  a  student  to  all  the  courses  of  the 
university. 

Whenever  the  student  attends  experimental  courses,  he  shall  pay  |6  a  year  in 
two  payments  for  the  use  of  the  laboratory. 

The  faculties  shall  admit  any  student  of  the  uniyersity  to  registration  in  their 
courses,  provided  he  has  paid  his  matriculation;  but  they  shall  not  admit  him  to 
examinations  in  a  course  until  he  has  passed  all  others  that  precede  it  in  accordance 
to  the  order  of  sequence  established. 

Students  following  private  courses  outside  of  the  universfty  may  attend  the  uni- 
versity examination  by  paying  $25  for  each  subject. 

The  registration  fee  for  examination  for  a  de^^^ee  is  $25. 

Fellowshifs. 

There  are  three  fellowships  established,  one  for  each  faculty,  with  an  annual  allow- 
ance of  $1,200  each. 

These  fellowships  shall  be  given  to  distinguished  students  of  the  university  after 
they  have  obtained  their  degrees. 

They  shall  be  awarded  by  the  rector,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty  and 
a  majority  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  professors.  Students  who  obtain  fellowships 
must  go  abroad  to  complete  their  studies,  and  especially  to  perform  advanced  experi- 
mental work. 

The  f ellowshipe  shall  be  for  two  years. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


EDUCATION.  615 

Students  holding  fellowships  from  the  university  shaU  be  preferred  in  the  selection 
of  chiefe  of  clinics  and  laboratories. 

Museums  and  Labobatobies.  ' 

The  sum  of  $18,000  is  hereby  assigned  for  the  purchase  of  the  scientific  material 
of  the  university.  The  faculties  shall  forward  as  soon  as  practicable  the  estimates 
for  the  new  laboratories  to  be  established  in  accordance  with  this  order. 

Suppression  op  the  Professional  School. 

The  Professional  School  of  Habana  is  hereby  suppressed,  to  date  from  October  1, 
1900. 

Students  registered  in  this  school  may  continue  their  studies  in  the  school  of  engi- 
neering of  the  University  of  Habana,  where  they  will  be  admitted  without  exami- 
nation or  presentation  of  title  and  be  credited  with  whatever  courses  they  may  have 
already  successfully  passed  in  the  Professional  School. 

Such  students  shall  pay  the  university  a  matriculation  fee  of  only  |25  a  year  for 
three  years,  to  date  from  the  closing  of  the  Professional  School. 

The  title  of  master  workman  issued  by  the  Professional  School  of  Habana  shall 
admit  a  student  to  the  school  of  engineering  of  the  university. 

Such  students  will  be  credited  with  the  studies  successfully  passed  in  the  Profes- 
sional School. 

The  secretary  of  public  instruction  is  hereby  charged  with  the'  execution  of  this 
order  and  will  issue  such  instructions  as  to  detuls  as  may  be  necessary. 

It  is  probable  that  this  plan  will  require  modification  after  receiving 
a  practical  test,  and  in  fact  some  changes  have  already  been  suggested. 
It  will  be  given  a  thorough  trial,  however,  and  everything  will  be 
done  during  the  American  occupation  of  the  island  to  establish  and 
develop  a  thorough  course  of  public  education  suitable  to  the  character 
and  state  of  the  people.  In  pursuance  of  this  programme  upwards  of 
1,500  public  school  teachers  were  brought  to  Harvard  College  in  July 
for  instruction  in  American  methods  of  education  and  the  English 
language. 

At  the  end  of  June  there  were  3,000  public  schools,  3,500  teachers, 
and  130,000  pupils  under  instruction  in  Cuba,  and  the  estimated  expend- 
itures for  school  purposes  for  this  year  is  upwards  of  $4,000,000.  By 
comparing  these  statistics  with  those  already  given  in  describing  the 
state  of  the  schools  prior  to  January  1,  1899,  it  will  be  evident  that 
some  progress  has  been  made.  But  a  great  deal  remains  to  be  done, 
as  nothing  concerning  the  welfare  of  the  island  is  of  more  importance 
than  the  education  of  the  children  upon  whom,  when  they  shall  have 
become  full  grown,  the  future  of  Cuba  will  depend. 

DISCUSSION  OF  THE  TABLES. 

In  addition  to  the  facts  regarding  education  derived  from  the  sched- 
ule for  population  and  already  explained  (pp.  147  to  154),  a  special 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


616 


BEPOBT  ON  THE   CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


schedule  for  schools  was  famished  to  the  enomerators,  of  which  the 
following  is  a  copy: 

Census  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  taken  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States,  1899, 
ScHEDuuE  No.  2. — School  SrATiancB. 

Superviflor*8  district  No. .    District  of  enumeration  No. . 

Compiled  by  me  on  the day  of ,  1S99. 


-,  Enumerator. 


1.  Name  of  the  school. 

2.  Situation. 

3.  State  whether  the  school  is  supported  by  public,  private,  or  religious  funds. 

4.  State  whether  pupils  are  day  or  boarding  pupils. 

5.  Number  of  buildings  composing  the  school, ;  seating  capacity, . 

6.  Number  of  teachers:  males, ;  females, . 

7.  Number  of  pupils  in  the  school  during  the  last  school  year: 


Color  or  race. 

Pay  papilB. 

Free  pupils. 

Male*. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

White 

N^rro 

Mixed 

C^jr«fWA 





8.  Number  of  working  days  in  the  last  school  year,  - 
-,1899. 


from- 


-,  1898,  to 


9.  Average  daily  attendance  of  pupils  during  the  last  school  year, . 

Tables  LUIand  LIV  have  been  prepared  from  the  facts  reported  on 
that  schedule.  But  it  must  be  boiiie  in  mind  that  the  school  system  of 
Cuba,  while  always,  according  to  American  standards,  imperfect,  has 
suffered,  along  with  all  other  institutions,  from  the  war,  and  that  its 
condition  in  1899  was  not  fairly  representative  of  its  condition  five  or 
ten  years  earlier. 

From  Table  LIV  it  appears  that  86,009  pupils  were  reported  on 
the  school  schedule  as  attending  school.  From  Table  XIX  it  appears 
that  87,935  children  were  reported  as  having  attended  school  at  some 
time  during  the  twelvo  months  preceding  October  16,  1899.  The 
diflference  between  these  two  independent  sources  might  be  due  to  the 
fact  that  certain  schools  in  existence  at  some  time  during  the  census 
year  suspended  before  its  close,  and  thus  the  attendants  upon  them 
appeared  in  one  table,  but  not  in  the  other.  In  the  following  table  the 
results  from  the  two  sources  are  brought  together  by  provinces: 


Province. 


Habana 

Matanzas 

PinardelRio.... 
Puerto  Principe  . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago 


Cuba  . 


Children  reported  as 
attending  school. 


On  popu- 
lation 
schedule. 


80,878 
14,093 
8,412 
4,398 
20,801 
14.258 


87,935 


On  school 
schedule. 


27,170 
16,429 
8,065 
8,827 
21,217 
14,811 


85,009 


Excess  (+) 

ordeficiencv 

(— )  reported 

on  school 

schedule. 


—8,708 
+  736 
-  857 
-1,071 
+  916 
+    668 


-2,926 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


EDUOATIOK.  617 

In  three  provinces  the  school  children  reported  on  the  population 
schedule  were  more  numerous,  and  in  the  other  three  less  numerous, 
than  those  reported  on  the  school  schedule.  This  negatives  the  hypoth- 
esis just  stated  as  an  explanation  of  the  discrepancies,  or  at  least  shows 
that  other  influences  cooperated  to  cause  the  difl^erenoes.  But  which- 
ever column  ^s  accepted  as  the  more  accurate  the  general  results  are 
not  widely  diverse. 

Another  check  upon  the  accuracy  of  the  work  is  found  by  compar- 
ing the  number  of  persons  occupied  as  teachers  according  to  Table 
XXVI  with  those  reported  as  school-teachers  on  the  school  schedule. 
The  former  reports  2,708  teachers  of  all  sorts,  the  latter  2,666  school- 
teachers. The  other  43  might  have  been  teachers  not  properly  to  be 
classed  as  school-teachers.  But  when  the  comparison  is  made  for  the 
separate  sexes,  it  appears  that  on  the  occupation  returns  the  male 
teachers  were  more  numerous  by  116,  but  the  female  teachers  less 
numerous  by  73,  than  on  the  school  schedule.  These  results  show  no 
greater  divergence  than  the  experience  of  the  United  States  would 
lead  one  to  expect,  and  serve  to  strengthen  a  belief  in  the  general  care 
and  accuracy  with  which  the  census  of  Cuba  was  taken. 

Aside  from  the  conclusions  already  drawn  from  the  tables  for  edu- 
cation, school  attendance,  and  literacy,  the  following  inferences  from 
Tables  LIII  and  LIV  seem  warranted: 

1.  The  reported  seating  capacity  (114,736)  was  over  one-third  greater 
than  the  entire  number  of  pupils  (86,009). 

2.  The  average  attendance  was  only  from  two-thirds  to  three-fourths 
of  the  pupils  enrolled,  even  after  due  allowance  is  made  for  the  omis- 
sions on  this  point  mentioned  in  the  notes  to  the  tables. 

3.  Of  the  schools,  about  one-half  were  public;  the  other  half  private 
or  religious. 

4.  Private  and  religious  schools  were  the  main  form  in  Habana 
province;  public  schools  were  the  more  usual  type  in  Santa  Clara. ' 

6.  The  number  of  school  buildings  in  Cuba  and  in  each  province 
slightly  exceeded  the  reported  nmnber  of  schools.  Apparently,  47 
school  buildings  were  not  occupied  by  schools. 

6.  Of  the  school-teachers,  about  two-fifths  were  male  and  three- 
fifths  female. 

7.  Of  the  pupils,  about  one-fourth  were  pay  pupils  and  three-fourths 
free  pupils.  But  outside  of  Habana  province  only  one-sixth  were  pay 
pupils  and  five-sixths  were  free  pupils,  while  in  that  province  nearly 
two-fifths  were  pay  pupils  and  three-fifths  free.  The  large  proportion 
of  private  schools  and  pay  pupils  in  Habana  is  probably  due  in  part 
to  the  better  economic  condition  of  the  capital. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


618 


BEPOBT  ON  THE  0BK8U8   OF  CUBA,  1899. 


8.  The  following  table  gives  the  proportion  of  each  class  of  the  pop- 
ulation reported  as  in  school: 


Class  of  population.                       '^^?."™" 

Pupils  en- 
tered. 

Per  cent  of 

pupils  to 
population. 

White 

1,062,897 

284,738 

270,806 

14,857 

61,280 

9,5»7 

14,029 

163 

.     6.82 
4.09 
6.18 
1.08 

Negro 

Mixed 

Chinese 

Total 

1,672,797 

85,009 

6.40 

The  low  proportion  of  Chinese  in  school  is,  of  course,  due  to  the  fact 
that  they  are  nearly  all  in  adult  years.  A  few  young  persons,  however, 
probably  children  of  Chinese  fathers  and  Cuban  mothers,  were  returned 
as  Chinese.  That  the  proportion  of  whites  in  school  is  higher  than  the 
proportion  of  colored  is  not  surprising,  but  it  is  somewhat  unexpected 
to  find  that  the  i-atio  of  school  enrollment  to  population  among  those 
of  mixed  blood  is  nearer  to  the  white  than  to  the  colored  ratio.  In  the 
analysis  of  the  tables  for  school  attendance  it  was  shown  (p.  151)  that 
schools  in  the  cities  were  far  more  adequate  to  the  needs  than  in  the 
countiy.  It  may  be  that  the  mixed  population  are  more  numerous 
in  the  cities.  If  so,  this  would  be  one  element  in  explaining  the  higher 
ratio  of  school  enrollment  among  the  mixed.  On  making,  the  compu- 
tation from  the  figures  in  Table  VI  it  appears  that  of  the  colored  pop- 
ulation outside  the  fourteen  cities  separately  reported  less  than  half 
(49.7  per  cent)  were  returned  as  mixed,  while  of  the  colored  population 
in  those  cities  not  far  from  three-fifths  (67.1  per  cent)  were  returned 
as  mixed.  Conclusions  from  a  census  inquiry  regarding  intermixture 
of  blood  between  races  must  be  stated  with  care  or  received  with 
reserve,  but  it  seems  fair  to  hold  that  either  the  fact,  or  in  all  events 
the  claim  and  appearance,  of  mixed  blood  is  more  general  in  Cuban 
cities  than  in  the  rural  districts.  If  so,  this  fact  would  go  far  toward 
explaining  the  larger  proportion  of  the  mixed  population  in  the  public 
schools. 

Table  lAIl,—School8, 


Number 

of 
schools. 

Kind  of  school. 

Kind  of  pupils. 

Capacity. 

Public. 

Private. 

Reli- 
gious. 

16 
6 

Day. 

Boaxd- 
ing. 

Both. 

Num- 
ber of 
build- 
ings. 

Seating 
capacity. 

Habana 

472 
264 
69 
79 
344 
282 

169 
128 
87 
34 
236 
151 

287 
130 
82 

423 
246 
65 
77 
329 
270 

6 
9 

6* 

4 

43 
9 
4 

605 

272 

70 

'40,447 

Matanzas 

22.627 

PinardelRlo 

3,396 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

44  1            1 
104              4 
129             2 

2            80 
10          346 
8          284 

4,433 

27,009 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

16.834 

Cuba 

1,510 

756 

726            29 

1,410 

24 

76 

1,557 

114,736 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


EDUOATIOK. 


619 


Tablb  UU.—SchooU—Conihmed. 


Number  of 

Number  of  pupils  entered. 

ATerage 
attend- 
ance. 

teacheni. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Habana 

472 
169 
41 
45 
218 
145 

586 
306 
47 
57 
815 
264 

8,525 
6,290 
1,205 
1,865 
•    9,862 
5,888 

8,094 
6,300 
888 
1,123 
9.088 
5,997 

5,207 
1,483 
498 
425 
1,247 
1,701 

5,844 
1,406 
409 
414 
1,660 
1,280 

18,074 

Matanzas 

10,120 

HnardelRlo 

1,991 
2,839 
11,448 
10,825 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Caba 

Cuba 

1,090 

1,575 

82,620 

81,440 

10,506 

10,448 

54,298 

Table  LIV— Pupifo. 
WHITE. 


Total 
pupils 
entered. 

Total. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male.    1  Female. 

Habana 

27,170 
15,429 
8,055 
8,827 
21,217 
14,811 

22,195 
10, 119 
2,252 
2.986 
14,429 
9,249 

6,621 
4,103 
853 
1,154 
6,126 
8,749 

6,274 

8,788 

588 

1,059 
5,992 
8,558 

4,684 
1,126 
418 
401 
1,103 
1.200 

4,666 

Matanzaa I 

1,107 

Plnardel  Rio 

898 

Puerto  Principe 

372 

Santa  Clara 

1,208 
742 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Cuba 

85,009 

61,280 

22.606 

21,254 

8,882 

8,488 

BLACK. 


Total. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Habana  

2,856 
2,407 
436 
109 
2.757 
1,532 

941 

1,109 
184 
72 

1,355 
578 

930 
1,066 

166 

22 

1,182 

579 

205 
135 

44 
8 

41 
221 

280 

Matanzas 

77 

Plnar  del  Rio 

42 

Puerto  Principe 

7 

Santa  Clara 

179 

Santlaflfo  de  Cuba 

154 

Cuba 

9,697 

4,289  1           3.965 

654 

789 

' 

MIXED. 


Total. 


Free. 


Male. 


Female. 


Pay. 


Male. 


Female. 


Habana 

Matanzas 

Pinardel  Rio 

Puerto  Principe.. 

Ban  ta  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Cuba 


2,561 

2,892 

3C1 

229 

3.974 

4,012 


946 

1,112 

167 

139 

1,849 

1,545 


867 
1,409 

134 

42 

1,832 

1,858 


857 
161 
27 
15 
102 
277 


210 


88 
191 


14,029  , 


5,758 


6,142 


1,190 


CHINESE. 


Total. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Habana 

58 
11 
6 
8 
57 
18 

17 
2 

1 

23 
9 

12 

6 

Matanzas 

Pinardel  Rio 

4 

1 
1 
8 

1 

Puerto  Princine 

2 

Santa  Clara 

22 
11 

82 
2 

2 

Rantlaffo  de  Cuba 

2 

Cuba 

158 

53 

66 

21 

18 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


620  BEPOET  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CX7BA,  1899. 

Besides  the  above  there  were  omitted  from  the  schedules  the  fol- 
lowing data: 

In  Habana  were  21  schools  in  which  the  number  of  pupils  entered 
was  not  given.  There  were  14  schools  in  which  the  seating  capacity 
was  not  stated.     In  these  schools  were  entered  884  pupils. 

In  Matanzas  were  14  schools,  in  which  were  entered  311  pupils,  of 
which  the  average  attendance  was  not  given.  There  were  also  2 
schools  in  which  apparently  no  pupils  were  entered. 
"^  In  Pinar  del  Rio  there  was  one  school  whose  seating  capacity  was 
not  given  and  9  in  which  the  average  attendance  was  omitted.  These 
9  schools  had  608  entered  pupils. 

In  Puerto  Principe  were  3  schools  in  which  the  number  of  entered 
pupils  was  omitted,  and  11  schools,  with  255  pupils  entered,  whose 
average  attendance  was  not  stated. 

In  Santa  Clara  the  returns  were  very  deficient.  There  were  96 
schools,  with  4,891  pupils  entered,  in  which  the  average  attendance 
was  omitted,  and  2  schools  in  which  there  were  no  pupils  entered. 

In  Santiago  were  25  schools,  with  903  entered  pupils,  whose  average 
attendance  was  not  given. 


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APPENDICES. 


APPENDIX  I. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT  ORDERS  ORGANIZING  THE  CENSUS. 

War  Department, 
Washington^  August  19,  1899. 

I.  By  direction  of  the  President  a  census  of  the  population,  of  the  agricultural 
products,  and  of  the  educational  conditions  of  Cuba  shall  be  taken  on  the  16th  day 
of  October  and  completed  by  or  before  the  30th  day  of  November,  1899. 

II.  Lieut.  Col.  J.  P.  Sanger,  Inspector-General,  is  appointed  Director  of  the  Census, 
with  office  in  Washington.  It  is  made  his  duty  to  superintend  and  direct  the  taking 
of  the  census  and  to  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  required  of  him. 

III.  Mr.  Victor  H.  Olmsted  is  appointed  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census,  with 
office  in  the  city  of  Santa  Clara,  Cuba,  and  is  chai^ged,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Director  of  the  Census,  with  the  collection  of  the  information  required  by  this  order 
and  such  instructions  as  may  be  issued. 

He  will  fill  all  vacancies  which  may  occur  among  the  supervisors  of  the  census, 
and  will  appoint  all  enumerators  and  such  special  agents  as  may  be  necessary,  report- 
ing his  action  to  the  Director  of  the  Census. 

IV.  The  following-named  citizens  of  Cuba,  nominated  by  the  Military  Governor 
of  Cuba,  are  hereby  appointed  supervisors  of  census: 

1.  Pedro  Pequeflo,  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio. 

2.  Manuel  Rasco,  province  of  Habana. 

3.  Prof.  Claudio  Dumas,  province  of  Matanzas. 

4.  Juan  Bautista  Jimenez,  province  of  Santa  Clara. 

5.  Agustfn  H.  Aguero,  province  of  Puerto  Principe. 

6.  Sabds  Meneses,  province  of  Santiago. 

Each  supervisor  shall  be  duly  commissioned  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  shall  be 
sworn  to  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duty  by  the  Director  or  the  Assistant  Director 
of  the  Census,  or  by  any  civil  or  military  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths  in 
the  form  and  manner  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

V.  Each  supervisor  of  census  shall  be  charged  with  the  performance,  within  his  own 
province,  of  the  following  duties:  To  consult  with  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census 
in  regard  to  the  division  of  his  province  into  districts  most  convenient  for  the  pur- 
pose of  the  enumeration,  which  district  shall  be  declared  and  the  boundaries  thereof 
fixed  by  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census;  to  nominate  to  him  suitable  persons  as 
enumerators  within  his  province,  one  or  more  for  each  district  and  resident  therein; 
but  in  case  it  shall  occur  in  any  enumeration  district  that  no  person  qualified  to  per- 
form and  willing  to  undertake  the  duties  of  enumerator  resides  in  that  district  the 
supervisor  may  appoint  any  fit  person  to  be  the  enumerator  of  that  district;  to  com- 
municate to  enumerators  the  necessary  instructions  and  directions  relating  to  their 
duties;  to  examine  and  scrutinize  the  returns  of  the  enrunerators,  and  in  event  of  dis- 
crepancies or  deficiencies  appearing  in  the  retains  for  his  province,  to  use  all  dili- 

621 


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622  HBPORT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 

gence  in  causing  the  same  to  be  corrected  and  supplied;  to  forward  to  the  AsBistant 
Director  of  the  Census  the  complete  returns  for  his  province  in  such  time  and  manner 
as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  said  officer.  He  will  also  make  up  and  forward  to  the 
disbursing  officer  of  the  Army  designated  to  make  payments  in  his  province,  not 
later  than  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  each  month,  accounts  required  for  ascertaining  the 
amount  of  compensation  due  himself,  each  enumerator  in  his  province,  his  clerk  and 
messenger,  his  office  rent  and  current  expenses,  which  accounts  shall  be  duly  certi- 
fied as  true  and  correct  by  the  supervisor;  and  said  accounts  so  certified  shall  be 
accepted  by  the  disbursing  officer  so  designated,  and  payment  shall  be  made  thereon 
by  draft  in  favor  of  each  person  to  whom  payment  is  due.  The  accounts  of  enumer- 
ators will  be  sworn  to  by  them  and  certified  as  true  and  correct  by  the  supervisors. 
The  duties  imposed  upon  the  supervisors  by  this  order  shall  be  performed,  in  any 
and  all  particulars,  in  accordance* with  the  instructions  and  directions  of  the  Secretary 
of  War;  and  any  supervisor  who  may  abandon,  neglect,  or  improperly  perform  the 
duties  required  of  him  by  this  order,  and  the  instructions  he  may  receive,  may  be 
removed  by  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census,  who  will  report  his  action  to  the 
Director  of  the  Census. 

VI.  Each  enumerator  shall  be  duly  commissioned  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
shall  be  sworn  to  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duty  by  the  supervisors  of  the  cen- 
sus, or  by  any  civil  or  military  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths,  and  in  the  form 
and  manner  prescribed. 

VII.  Each  enumerator  shall  be  chai^ged  with  the  collection  in  his  district  of  the 
facts  and  statistics  required  by  the  population  schedule  and  such  other  schedules  as 
the  Secretary  of  War  may  determine  shall  be  used  by  him  in  connection  with  the 
census.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  enumerator  to  visit  personally  each  dwelling 
hou£e  in  his  district  and  each  family  therein  and  each  individual  living  out  of  a 
family  in  any  place  of  abode,  and  by  inquiry  made  of  the  head  of  eat;h  family,  or 
of  the  member  thereof  deemed  most  creditable  and  worthy  of  trust,  or  of  such 
individual  living  out  of  a  family,  to  obtain  each  and  every  item  of  information  and 
all  the  particulars  required  by  the  order  prescribed  as  of  the  date  October  16,  1899. 
And  in  case  no  person  shall  be  found  at  the  usual  place  of  abode  of  such  fomily  or 
individual  living  out  of  a  family  competent  to  answer  the  inquiries  made  in  compli- 
ance with  the  requirements  of  this  order,  then  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  enumerator 
to  obtain  the  required  information,  as  nearly  as  may  be  practicable,  from  the  family 
or  families  or  person  or  persons  living  nearest  to  such  place  of  abode;  and  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  each  enumerator  to  forward  the  original  schedules,  duly  certified,  to  the 
supervisor  of  census  of  his  province  as  his  returns  under  the  provisions  of  this  order, 
and  in  the  event  of  discrepancies  or  deficiencies  being  discovered  in  his  said  returns 
he  shall  use  all  diligence  in  correcting  or  supplying  the  same.  In  case  the  district 
assigned  to  any  enumerator  embraces  all  or  any  part  of  any  incorporated  township, 
village,  town,  or  city,  and  also  other  territory  not  included  within  the  limits  of  such 
incorporated  township,  village,  town,  or  city,  or  either,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
enumerator  of  such  district  to  clearly  and  plainly  distinguish  and  separate  upon  the 
population  schedules  the  inhabitants  of  all  or  any  part  of  such  township,  village, 
town,  or  city  as  may  be  embraced  in  the  district  assigned  to  such  enumerator  from 
the  inhabitants  of  the  territory  not  included  therein.  No  enumerator  shall  be 
deemed  qualified  to  enter  upon  his  duties  until  he  has  received  from  the  supervisor 
of  census  of  the  province  to  which  he  belongs  the  commission  authorizing  him  to 
perform  the  duties  of  enumerator. 

VIII.  The  district  assigned  to  any  enumerator  shall  not  exceed  1,500  inhabitants 
for  urban  and  1,000  inhabitants  for  suburban  or  rural  districts,  as  near  as  may  be, 
according  to  estimates  based  on  the  preceding  census  or  other  reliable  information, 
and  the  boundaries  of  all  subdivisions  shall  be  clearly  described  by  civil  divisions, 
rivers,  roads,  public  surveys,  or  other  easily  distinguished  lines:  Provided y  That 


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APPENDIX   I.  623 

enumerators  may  be  assigned  for  the  special  enumeration  of  institutions,  when  desir- 
able, without  reference  to  the  number  of  inmates. 

IX.  Any  supervisor  of  the  census  may,  with  the  approval  of  the  Assistant  Director 
of  the  Census,  remove  any  enumerator  in  his  province  and  fill  the  vacancy  thus 
caused  or  otherwise  occurring.  Whenever  it  shall  appear  that  any  portion  of  the 
enumeration  and  census  provided  for  in  this  order  has  been  n^ligently  or  improperly 
taken  and  is  by  reason  thereof  incomplete  or  erroneous  the  Assistant  Director  of  the 
Census  may  cause  such  incomplete  and  unsatisfactory  enumeration  and  census  to  be 
amended  or  made  anew  under  such  methods  as  may,  in  his  discretion,  be  practicable. 

X.  The  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census  may  authorize  and  direct  supervisors  of 
the  census  to  employ  interpreters  to  assist  the  enumerators  of  their  respective  dis- 
tricts in  the  enumeration  of  persons  not  speaking  the  language  of  the  country,  the 
compensation  of  such  interpreters  not  to  exceed  $3  per  day  for  each  day  actually 
and  necessarily  employed. 

XI.  No  supervisor's  clerk,  interpreter,  special  agent,  or  other  official  shall  enter 
upon  his  duties  until  he  has  taken  and  subscribed  to  the  oath  or  affirmation  prescribed 
by  the  Secretary  of  War;  and  no  supervisor,  supervisor's  clerk,  enimierator,  or  sx)ecia] 
agent  shall  be  accompanied  or  assisted  in  the  performance  of  his  duties  by  any  person 
not  duly  appointed  as  an  officer  or  employee  of  the  Cuban  Census  and  to  whom  an 
oath  or  affirmation  has  not  been  duly  administered.  All  appointees  and  employees 
provided  for  in  this  order  shall  be  appointed  or  employed  solely  with  reference  to 
their  fitness  to  x)erform  the  duties  of  the  position  to  which  they  may  be  appointed, 

XII.  The  enumeration  of  the  population  required  by  this  order  shall  commence 
on  the  16th  day  of  October,  1899,  and  be  taken  as  of  that  date.  And  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  each  enumerator  to  complete  the  enumeration  of  his  district  and  to  prepare 
the  returns  hereinbefore  required  to  be  made  and  to  forward  the  same  to  the  super- 
visor of  census  of  his  province  on  or  before  the  30th  day  of  November,  1899. 

XIII.  If  any  person  shall  receive  or  secure  to  himself  any  fee,  reward,  or  compen- 
sation as  a  consideration  for  ^he  appointment  or  employment  of  any  person  as  enu- 
merator or  clerk  or  other  employee,  or  shall  in  any  way  receive  or  secure  to  himself 
any  part  of  the  compensation  to  be  paid  for  the  service  of  any  enumerator  or  clerk 
or  other  employee,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  $1,000  or  be  imprisoned  not  more  than  one  year, 
or  both. 

XIV.  If  any  supervisor,  supervisor's  clerk,  enumerator,  interpreter,  special  agent, 
or  other  employee,  who,  having  taken  and  subscribed  the  oath  of  office  required  by 
this  order,  shall,  without  justifiable  cause,  n^lect  or  refuse  to  perform  the  duties 
enjoined  on  him  by  this  order,  or  shall,  without  the  authority  of  the  Director  of  the 
Census,  communicate  to  any  person  not  authorized  to  receive  the  same  any  informa- 
tion gained  by  him  in  the  performance  of  his  duties,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $500;  or,  if  he  shall 
willfully  and  knowingly  swear  or  affirm  falsely,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  perjury, 
and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  imprisoned  not  exceeding  two  years  and  be 
fined  not  exceeding  $500;  or  if  he  shall  willfully  and  knowingly  make  a  false  certifi- 
cate or  a  fictitious  return,  he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction 
of  either  of  the  last-named  offenses  he  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $2,000  and  be 
imprisoned  not  exceeding  two  years. 

XV.  Each  and  every  person  more  than  20  years  of  age  belonging  to  any  family 
residing  in  any  enumeration  district,  and  in  case  of  the  absence  of  the  heads  and 
other  members  of  any  such  family,  then  any  representative  of  such  family,  shall  be, 
and  each  of  them  hereby  is,  required,  if  thereto  requested  by  the  Assistant  Director, 
supervisor,  or  enumerator,  to  render  a  true  account,  to  the  best  of  his  or  her  knowl- 
edge, of  every  person  belonging  to  such  family  in  the  various  particulars  required; 
and  whoever  shall  willfully  fail  or  refuse  to  render  such  true  account  shall  be  guilty 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


624  fiEFOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

of  a  mifldemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  in  a  sum  not  exceeding 
$100.  And  every  president,  treasurer,  secretary,  director,  agent,  or  other  officer  of 
every  corporation  and  every  establishment  of  productive  industry,  whether  con- 
ducted as  a  corporate  body,  limited  liability  company,  or  by  private  individuals, 
from  which  answer  to  any  of  the  schedules,  inquiries,  or  statistical  interrogatories 
provided  for  by  this  order  are  herein  required,  who  shall,  if  thereto  requested  by  the 
Assistant  Director,  supervisor,  enumerator,  or  special  agent,  willfully  n^lect  or  refuse 
to  give  true  and  complete  answers  to  any  inquiries  authorized  by  this  order,  or  shall  . 
willfully  give  false  information,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  convic- 
tion thereof  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $3,000,  to  which  may  be  added  imprisonment 
for  a  period  not  exceeding  one  year. 

XVI.  All  fines  and  penalties  imposed  in  this  order  shall  be  enforced  by  due  legal 
process  in  courts  of  the  first  instance,  or  in  the  supreme  courts  of  the  provinces, 
according  to  the  nature  and  degree  of  the  offense;  and  they  are  hereby  granted 
jurisdiction  for  this  purpose. 

XVII.  The  Director  of  the  Census  may  authorize  the  expenditure  of  necessary 
sums  for  the  traveling  expenses  of  the  officers  and  employees  of  the  census  and  the 
incidental  expenses  essential  to  the  carrying  out  of  this  order  as  herein  provided  for, 
and  not  otherwise,  including  the  rental  of  the  offices  for  the  Assistant  Director  and 
supervisors  of  the  census,  and  the  furnishing  thereof. 

XVIII.  All  mail  matter  of  whatever  class  relative  to  the  Cuban  Census  and 
addressed  to  the  Director,  Assistant  Director,  or  any  supervisor  or  enumerator  of  the 
census,  and  indorsed  "Official  Business,  War  Department,  Cuban  Cbusus,"  shall 
be  transported  free  of  postage;  and  all  telegrams  relative  to  the  Cuban  Census,  sent 
or  received  by  the  officials  aforesaid,  shall  be  free  of  chaise;  and  if  any  person  shall 
make  use  of  the  postal  and  telegraph  franking  privileges  herein  granted  to  avoid  the 
payment  of  postage  or  telegraph  charges  on  a  private  message,  letter,  package,  or 
other  matter  sent  by  mail  or  telegraph,  the  person  so  offending  shall  be  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor  and  subject  to  a  fine  of  $300. 

XIX.  The  Director  of  the  Census  is  hereby  authorized  to  print  and  bind  such 
blanks,  circulars,  envelopes,  and  other  items  as  may  be  necessary,  and  to  tabulate, 
print,  publish,  and  distribute  the  results  of  this  census. 

XX.  The  expenses  of  taking  the  Cuban  Census,  including  the  pay  and  allowances 
of  civil  officials  and  employees,  shall  be  paid  from  the  revenues  of  Cuba,  and  the 
Military  Governor  of  Cuba  will  nominate  one  of  the  disbursing  officers  of  the  army 
in  each  province  to  act  as  paymaster,  who  shall  be  provided  with  the  necessary 
funds  and  who  shall  make  disbursements  in  behalf  of  the  Cuban  Census,  according 
to  such  instructions,  and  under  such  regulations,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  War.  The  names,  rank,  and  stations  of  the  officers  so  nominated  will  be 
communicated  to  the  Adjutant-Greneral  of  the  Army  by  the  Military  Gk>venior  of 
Cuba,  and  will  be  announced  in  War  Department  orders. 

XXI.  The  Military  Governor  of  Cuba,  the  military  and  civil  governors  of  the 
provinces,  and  all  civil  and  military  officers  and  employees  will  render  such  assistance 
to  the  Director,  Assistant  Director,  supervisors,  and  enumerators  of  the  Cuban  Cen- 
sus as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  them  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this 
order. 

Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of  War, 


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APPENDICES   n   AND   III.  ()25 


APPENDIX  II. 

War  Department,  Washington^  Augmt  24^  1899. 

I.  The  following-named  officers,  nominated  by  the  Military  Governor  of  C^ba,  are 
appointed  disbursing  officers  of  the  Cuban  Census,  and  will  be  respected  accordingly: 

Maj.  William  H.  Miller,  Quartermaster,  U.  S.  A.,  province  of  Matanzas. 
Maj.  James  L.  Wilson,  U.  S.  V.,  province  of  Habana. 
Capt.  Charles  H.  Grierson,  Tenth  U.  S.  Cavalry,  province  of  Santiago. 
Capt.  Charles  B.  Vogdes,  First  U.  S.  Infantry,  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio. 
Capt  W.  N.  Blow,  Fifteenth  U.  8.  Infantry,  province  of  Puerto  Principe. 
First  Lieut  P.  D.  Lochridge,  Second  U.  S.  Cavalry,  province  of  Santa  Clara. 

II.  Disbursing  officers  will  pay  the  compensation  of  the  Assistant  Director,  super- 
visors, enumerators,  interpreters,  clerks,  and  employees  of  the  Census;  the  rent  of 
offices  of  Assistant  Director  and  supervisors;  the  purchase  or  rental  of  office  furniture; 
transportation  and  telegraph  vouchers;  the  expenses  of  travel  of  officers  and  em- 
ployees as  established  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  such  incidental  expenses  as  may 
be  authorized  by  the  Director  of  the  Census  under  Paragraph  XVI  or  of  Paragraph 
XVII  of  the  orders  of  the  President  for  taking  the  Census  of  Cuba. 

III.  In  making  expenditures  and  keeping  their  accounts  disbursing  officers  will  be 
governed  by  the  rules  and  instructions  applicable  to  the  revenues  of  Cuba  established 
by  the  President  May  8  and  promulgated  by  the  War  Department  May  11,  1899: 
Provided^  That  the  accounts  of  expenditures  in  behalf  of  the  Cuban  Census  shall  be 
kept  separate  from  all  other  accounts  and  forwarded  in-  this  form  to  the  Secretary 
of  War. 

IV.  Disbursing  officers  will  be  stationed  in  the  capital  cities  of  their  respective 
provinces,  and  will  communicate  without  delay  with  the  supervisors  of  census  also 
resident  therein,  and  will  give  them  such  information  as  to  preparing  vouchers  of 
expenditures  and  keeping  their  accounts  as  may  be  necessary  to  the  prompt  settle- 
ment of  all  indebtedness. 

Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of  War, 


APPENDIX  lU. 

War  Department,  Census  op  Cuba, 

WaMngUm,  D.  C,  January  £3^  1900, 

Snt:  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  having  been  appointed  Assistant  Director  of 
the  Cuban  Census  by  the  honorable  Secretary  of  War  on  August  17,  1899,  1  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  the  position  on  the  date  named  and  superintended  the  purchase, 
packing,  and  shipment  from  Washington,  D.  C,  to  Cuba  of  necessary  supplies,  con- 
sisting of  furniture,  stationery,  blanks,  etc.,  until  August  27,  1899,  when  I  started 
for  Cuba,  accompanied  by  my  personal  staff,  who  served  with  me  zealously  and 
efficiently  throughout  the  entire  work  of  taking  the  census. 

The  gentlemen  who  accompanied  me  were  A.  E.  Conover,  principal  clerk;  I.  A. 
Barnes,  Spanish  stenographer;  and  the  following-named  clerks:  J.  6.  Spalding, 
D.  G.  Bel^  W.  L.  Spalding,  and  R.  C.  Lappin. 

Upon  arrival  at  Habana  on  August  30,  1899,  temporary  headquarters  were  imme- 
diately established  in  the  palace  of  the  Military  Governor  of  Cuba,  and  the  work  of 
m^lring  a  tentative  subdivision  of  the  island  into  enmneration  districts  was  at  once 
commenced,  the  six  Cuban  census  supervisors  being  present  and  rendering  such 
assistance  as  their  personal  knowledge  of  the  geography  and  population  of  their 
respective  provinces  rendered  possible. 
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626  BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

The  entire  absence  of  geographical  and  statistical  data,  and  the  imposBibility  of 
immediately  securing  the  same,  rendered  the  task  of  subdivision  into  enumeration 
districts  an  extremely  difficult  one;  but  the  work  was  carried  forward,  use  being 
made  of  such  information  as  was  at  the  time  obtainable,  and  on  September  14, 1899, 
the  preliminary  or  tentative  subdivision  was  completed,  the  result  being  the  creation 
of  1,315  enumeration  districte,  divided  among  the  six  provinces  of  Cuba  as  follows: 
Pinar  del  Rio,  143;  Habana,  356;  Matanzas,  201;  Santa  Clara,  295;  Puerto  Principe, 
84;  Santiago  de  Cuba,  236. 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  tentative  subdivision  of  each  province,  the  supervisor 
therefor  at  once  repaired  to  the  capital  city  thereof,  where  his  headquartere  were 
established,  and,  acting  under  detailed  and  definite  instructions,  carried  forward  the 
preparatory  work  of  the  census. 

The  temporary  office  at  Habana  was  closed  September  14,  1899,  and  permanent 
headquarters  were  established  on  the  following  day  at  Santa  Clara,  the  capital  city 
of  the  province  of  Santa  Clara. 

From  there,  supplies  for  taking  the  Census  were  sent  to  each  supervisor,  packed, 
wrapped,  and  labeled  in  such  a  way  as  to  enable  him  immediately  to  distribute  them 
to  enumerators.  By  the  16th  of  October  this  work  had  been  completed,  the  enumera- 
tors had  been  appointed  and  qualified,  and  each  one  had  received  the  necessary 
blanks,  materials,  and  instructions,  so  that  on  the  date  mentioned  the  work  of  enu- 
meration was  commenced  throughout  the  entire  island,  except  in  a  very  few  cases  in 
which  short  delays  were  unavoidable. 

In  many  cases  as  the  work  of  the  Census  progressed  it  was  found  necessary  to 
create  new  enumeration  districts  by  subdividing  such  of  those  already  created  as 
were  foimd  to  contain  so  large  a  population  or  to  cover  so  great  an  extent  of  territory 
as  to  disable  a  single  enumerator  from  completing  His-  work  within  the  required 
period,  which  expired  on  November  30,  1899.  In  a  few  instances,  also,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  consolidate  certain  districts  because  of  population  or  geographical  con- 
ditions. From  time  to  time  during  the  progress  of  the  enumeration  these  changes 
were  effected,  with  the  result  that  on  November  30,  1899,  on  which  date  the  field 
work  was  completed,  there  were  1,607  enumeration  districts,  an  increase  of  292  over 
the  number  originally  created  prior  to  the  commencement  of  the  enumeration. 
These  districts  were  divided  among  the  six  provinces  of  Cuba  as  follows:  Pinar  del 
Rio,  160;  Havana,  366;  Matanzas,  239;  Santa  Clara,  374;  Puerto  Principe,  135;  San- 
tiago de  Cuba,  333. 

The  enumeration  of  a  considerable  number  of  these  districts  was  finished  before 
November  1.  Every  day  during  the  month  witnessed  the  conclusion  of  the  labore 
of  many  of  the  enumerators,  and  by  the  close  of  the  month  a  lai^  majority 
had  finished.  Had  proper  geographical  and  statistical  information  been  obtainable 
prior  to  the  commencement  of  the  field  work,  such  a  subdivision  of  the  island  into 
districts  could  have  been  made  as  would  have  enabled  the  entire  work  of  enumer»> 
tion  to  be  easily  completed  within  thirty  days  from  its  beginning.  But  within  the 
time  prescribed  by  the  orders  of  the  President  it  was  entirely  completed,  and  so  well 
and  so  thoroughly  as  to  reflect  great  credit  both  upon  the  enumerators  and  upon  the 
supervisors  under  whose  direction  they  were  employed. 

The  returns  of  the  Cuban  Census  are  fully  and  accurately  made  in  a  legible  and 
intelligent  manner,  and  compare  favorably  with  those  of  any  American  Census, 
National  or  State. 

As  rapidly  as  the  enumerators  delivered  their  work  to  their  respective  supervisors, 
it  was  scrutinized  by  the  latter  for  the  purpose  of  correcting  errors  or  supplying  omis- 
sions. The  work  was  then  forwarded  by  the  supervisors  to  me  at  Santa  Clara,  where 
it  was  packed  in  ironbound  cases  for  shipment  to  Washington. 

On  January  7,  1900,  the  complete  returns  of  the  Census,  together  with  myself,  the 
supervisors,  and  the  employees  who  accompanied  me  to  Cuba,  were  taken  on  board 


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APPENDIX   IV.  627 

the  U.  S.  transport  McPhersoftt  at  CienfuegCMSi  Cuba,  en  route  for  Washington,  and  on 
January  15  the  Census  personnel  and  property  reached  their  destination. 

There  were  142  women  employed  as  enumerators  in  the  Cuban  Census,  mostly  in 
the  provinces  of  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santa  Clara,  and,  without  exception,  they 
demonstrated  the  fact  that  Cuban  women  are  as  capable  and  reliable  as  the  men. 
They  all  took  great  pride  in  their  employment,  and  displayed  a  degree  of  skill  and 
enthusiasm  that  was  highly  commendable. 

The  success  of  the  census,  while  primarily  due  to  the  industry  and  intelligence  of 
the  persons  employed  in  taking  it,  has  been  largely  promoted  by  the  careful  manner 
in  which  it  was  organized,  the  interest  manifested  in  it  by  the  people  of  Cuba,  and 
their  cordial  cooperation  and  support  from  the  beginning  to  the  end. 
Very  respectfully, 

Victor  H.  Olmsted, 
AstiMarU  Director  Cuban  Census. 
Ldeut  Col.  J.  P.  Sanger, 

Inspector- General f  Director  of  Cuban  Census,  WaahingUm,  D.  C. 


APPENDIX  IV. 

Census  op  Cuba,  Oppicb  of  the  Supervisob, 

Habana  Province^  December  SI,  1899, 

Sir:  Upon  the  conclusion  of  the  labors  of  the  census  of  this  province  intrusted  to 
me  by  the  honorable  Secretary  of  War  of  the  United  States,  I  take  pleasure  in  com- 
plying with  your  request  for  a  brief  and  concise  report  on  said  work,  as  well  as  a 
statement  of  all  that  I  have  observed  during  the  period  thereof. 

Believing  that  previous  censuses  had  only  served  as  a  basis  for  increased  taxation 
and  new  imposts,  thus  arousing  as  a  natural  consequence  the  passive  resistance  of  the 
people  and  the  consequent  concealment  of  facts,  I  feared  that  I  would  encounter 
insurmountable  difficulties  in  taking  the  census,  but  my  fears  disappeared  in  time, 
and  I  soon  could  see  that  the  work  undertaken  would  be  crowned  with  success,  as 
was  the  case. 

The  prejudices  of  the  people,  from  a  political  standpoint,  with  regard  to  the  census 
were  also  great,  but  in  a  short  time  they  were  convinced  of  their  error  when  the 
supervisor  repeated  to  them  the  statements  made  by  the  Federal  authorities  at 
Washington  and  communicated  to  them  the  impressions  brought  from  there.  As  a 
natural  consequence  there  was  a  reaction,  and  with  it  came  the  unconditional  sup- 
port of  the  entire  press  and  the  decided  cooperation  of  the  people,  who  now  saw  in 
the  census  nothing  .but  a  fundamental  basis  for  the  establishment  in  Cuba  of  the 
government  which  President  McKinley  intends  to  establish  for  the  good  of  all. 

Upon  my  arrival  at  Habana,  and  in  order  to  gain  time  and  have  this  work  in  an 
advanced  form  when  called  upon,  I  devoted  myself  to  securing  the  maps  and  data  I 
required  for  the  purpose.  I  was  disappointed  to  find  that  neither  the  military 
authorities  nor  the  civil  authorities  of  Habana  could  give  me  any  maps  or  data  what- 
soever, except  a  map  of  the  department  of  Habana,  which  was  of  no  use  at  all  to  me, 
and  a  memorandum  of  the  judicial  districts  of  the  city  of  Habana,  with  the  respective 
wards  and  inhabitants,  according  to  the  last  Spanish  census  of  1897.  I  was  also  able 
to  secure  from  an  employee  of  the  department  of  state  and  of  the  interior  an  appendix 
to  a  work  which  it  was  publishing  and  which  contained  the  civil  division  of  this 
province;  that  is,  the  judicial  and  municipal  districts,  with  their  respective  wards 
(barrios). 

But  as  the  said  appendix  did  not  give  the  names  and  number  of  the  wards  com- 
posing the  six  judicial  districts  of  the  city  of  Habana,  nor  their  limits,  I  was  obliged 


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628  BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

to  roqueet  thiB  information  of  the  audiencia  and  of  the  supreme  court,  but  was  unsuc- 
cessful, as  these  two  bodies  could  only  give  me  the  names  of  the  wards  and  of  por- 
tions of  others  which  composed  each  judicial  district,  without  giving  me  the  bounds 
of  said  portions  of  wards.  This  rendered  the  work  incomplete,  and  I  was  obliged  to 
recommend  to  every  enumerator  that  in  enumerating  his  respective  district  he  should 
ask  the  judge  of  first  instance  to  what  judicial  district  it  belonged,  in  order  thus  to 
enter  it  properly  in  the  schedules. 

As  it  was  not  possible  for  me,  with  the  few  data  at  my  command,  to  do  anything 
practical,  *  *  ♦  I  wrote  to  all  the  mayors  in  the  province,  requesting  them  to 
send  me  such  maps  of  their  respective  municipal  districts  as  they  might  have, 
informing  me  at  the  same  time  of  the  towns  and  wards  which  composed  them, 
stating  the  number  of  inhabitants,  in  their  opinion,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  work  of 
subdivision.  Said  mayors  gladly  furnished  me  the  data  requested.  The  maps  I 
could  not  make  use  of,  but  I  did  make  use  of  the  other  data,  which  were  of  service 
for  the  subdivision  of  the  province  into  enumeration  districts. 

With  these  data  in  my  possession,  which  were  all  I  could  obtain,  I  devoted  myself 
to  dividing  the  city  of  Habana  into  enumeration  districts,  the  limits  of  which  were 
fixed  and  marked  on  the  map  I  had  for  the  purpose,  always  considering  so  far  as 
possible  the  instructions  to  the  effect  that  the  city  districts  should  not  exceed  1,500 
inhabitants.  Habana  never  having  been  divided  in  this  manner,  there  was  no  basis 
for  an  exact  subdivision,  and  there  being  a  great  disparity  between  the  number  of 
inhabitants  m  each  block,  there  was  a  difference  between  the  districts,  as  you  may 
have  observed.  For  the  districts  in  the  suburbs,  where  there  are  no  streets  which 
can  serve  as  limits,  the  subdivision  was  made* by  taking  as  a  basis  the  probable  num- 
ber of  inhabitants,  giving  to  each  enumerator  a  small  plan  of  Habana,  on  which  his 
district  was  marked  with  red  ink,  in  order  to  avoid  confusion. 

For  the  subdivision  of  the  municipal  districts  of  the  province  I  took  the  data  given 
me  by  the  respective  mayors  as  a  basis,  making  said  subdivision  in  relation  to  the 
number  of  wards  and  inhabitants,  and  in  the  absence  of  maps  I  took  care  that  the 
enumeration  districts  should  always  embrace  entire  wards,  whose  limits  were  known, 
being  able  in  some  towns  to  do  something  similar  to  what  I -did  in  the  city  of 
Habana.    ♦    *    ♦ 

In  view  of  the  short  time  remaining  in  which  to  begin  the  census,  and  considering 
what  we  still  had  to  do  and  the  large  number  of  enumerators  to  instruct,  I  requested 
and  obtained  authority  to  appoint  one  instructing  enumerator  for  every  municipal 
district,  who  was  to  be  instructed  by  me,  and  who  in  turn  was  to  instruct  the  other 
enumerators. 

«  «  »  «  «  «  « 

In  order  to  secure  better  results  in  the  enumeration,  I  decided  to  go  over  the 
province  in  order  to  correct  the  division  into  districts  and  to  appoint  enumerators, 
selecting  persons  who  should  be  not  only  intelligent  but  should  also  be  acquainted 
with  their  respective  districts. 

As  the  time  at  my  disposal  was  short  and  it  was  impossible  for  me  to  go  over  the 
entire  ground  in  person,  I  sent  my  secretary  to  visit  a  portion  thereof,  and  do  what 
was  proper. 

The  province,  as  you  will  recollect,  was  divided  into  357  enumeration  districts, 
two  special  districts  having  been  created  in  Habana,  one  for  the  prison  and  peni- 
tentiary and  another  for  the  convents  and  religious  associations,  a  woman  being 
appointed  for  the  latter. 

As  a  consequence  of  our  visit  to  the  province,  9  districts  were  abolished  and  18  new 
ones  were  created,  making  a  total  of  366,  according  to  the  new  corrected  pamphlet  I 
had  the  honor  to  send  you. 

In  order  that  the  enimieratore  should  not  forget  the  limits  of  their  respective  dis- 
trict4»,  nor  the  data  required  by  the  population  schedules,  I  ordered  some  slips  printed 
which  contained  all  this  and  which  were  delivered  to  each  of  them. 


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APPENDIX   IV.  629 

For  a  better  arrangement  of  the  work  of  the  enumerators,  and  iij  order  that  the 
latter  should  not  take  more  time  than  necessary,  I  ordered  daily  reports,  which  were 
to  be  forwarded  to  the  office,  giving  the  work  done  that  day. 

In  explanation  of  instructions  from  Washington  for  the  enumerators  and  to  facili- 
tate their  work  I  ordered  some  additional  instructions  printed,  a  copy  of  which  I 
had  the  pleasure  of  forwarding  to  you. 

In  making  the  appointments  of  the  enumerators  I  acted  in  accordance  with  the 
instructions  I  had  for  the  purpose,  and,  recollecting  what  had  been  said  with  regard 
to  the  work  of  women  in  the  last  census  of  that  coimtry,  I  appointed  19  in  this  prov- 
ince, who  gave  satisfactory  results.    ♦   ,♦    * 

Fearing  that  some  of  the  enumerators  had  not'thoroughly  understood  the  instruc- 
tions given  them  and  at  the  end  of  their  enimieration  the  work  would  be  deficient, 
and  wishing  to  avoid  this,  I  issued  orders  for  them  to  forward  to  my  office  for  exam- 
ination the  work  of  the  first  two  days,  without  interrupting  the  enumeration,  so  that 
I  might  retain  in  their  positions  those  who  had  done  the  work  well  or  had  committed 
small*  errors  only,  easily  corrected,  and  dischaige  without  any  remuneration  whatso- 
ever those  who  had  shown  complete  ignorance  of  the  instructions.  Fortimately  only 
a  few  were  discharged  for  this  reason. 

The  enumeration  went  on  without  drawbacks.  The  enmnerators,  animated  by 
the  best  wishes  for  good  results,  surmounted  the  small  difficulties  they  encountered 
in  the  discharge  of  their  duties. 

I  was  informed  that  in  some  islets  south  of  the  province  of  Habana,  inhabited 
before  the  war,  there  were  some  inhabitants.  For  the  enumeration  of  these  individ- 
uals I  appointed  an  enumerator  and  hired  a  schooner.  Making  use  of  the  same 
boat,  the  islands  of  Jardines  and  Jardinillos,  belonging  to  the  province  of  Santa 
Clara,  were  enumerated. 

For  the  enumeration  of  the  foreign  establishments  in  this  province  I  was  obliged 
to  make  use  of  six  interpreters  only  for  twenty-one  days. 

In  the  enumeration  of  the  convents  some  slight  difficulty  was  encountered  by 
reason  of  the  refusal  of  the  superiors  to  permit  the  enumerators  to  enter  and  take  the 
data  from  each  of  the  inmates.  Being  desirous  that  the  census  should  not  leave  any- 
thing but  agreeable  recollections,  I  obtained  from  the  bishop  of  Habana  an  order 
authorizing  my  enumerator,  a  woman,  to  enter  the  convents  and  take  the  ciNnl  names 
of  their  inmates  and  other  necessary  data,  which  was  done. 

All  the  other  elements  of  the  population  gladly  assisted  in  the  enumeration.  Only 
the  Chinese  gave  a  little  trouble  by  reason  of  their  passive  resistance  in  saying  that 
"they  did  not  know,*'  but  with  some  difficulty,  there  being  no  Chinese  interpreter, 
all  were  enumerated.    ♦    *    ♦ 

On  November  27  the  enumeration  of  the  entire  province  was  concluded,  with  the 
exception  of  district  No.  324,  to  the  south  of  the  swamp  of  the  Isle  of  Pines,  which 
was  concluded  on  the  29th. 

In  order  that  no  one  should  remain  in  my  province  without  being  enumerated,  I 
published  in  the  newspapers  of  this  city  a  request  that  all  persons  who  may  not  have 
been  enumerated  on  account  of  absence  or  for  any  other  reason,  should  advise  me 
thereof  in  order  that  I  could  send  and  have  them  recorded,  although  I  was  con- 
vinced that  all  the  enumerators  had  done  their  duty.  For  this  purpose  I  created  a 
district  which  I  called  "Additional,'*  indicating  in  retl  ink  at  the  right  maigin  of  the 
schedules  the  district  of  enumeration  to  which  each  entry  referred,  in  order  that  in 
tabulating  in  Washington  they  could  be  placed  with  the  districts  to  which  they 
belonged. 

For  this  additional  district  I  appointed  an  enumerator  who  had  already  served  in 
the  census. 

I  must  here  mention  that  knowing  that  education  would  be  an  important  factor 
for  the  destiny  of  this  country,  in  instructing  the  enumerators  I  informed  them  that 
they  should  submit  to  a  practical  proof  all  persons  who  said  they  knew  how  to  read 


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630  BEPOBT  ON  THE   OEITSUS  OF  CUBA,  1809. 

and  write,  calling  their  attention  to  the  fact  that  if  a  man  knew  how  to  write  his 
name  it  was  not  sufficient  proof  that  he  knew  how  to  write,  because  there  are  many 
persons  who  can  only  write  their  names. 

However,  on  receiving  your  telegram  on  this  'subject  I  again  reminded  the  enu- 
merators of  what  I  had  previously  told  them.    *    «    « 

As  the  Director  of  the  Census,  when  in  this  city,  desired  to  verify  some  cases  of 
individuals  who  appeared  in  the  census  as  knowing  how  to  read  and  write,  and  in 
order  to  be  able  to  contradict  any  statement  that  might  be  made  to  the  contrary  on 
this  point,  I  selected  25  or  30  cases  in  the  different  districts  of  this  city  and  intrusted 
the  verification  to  an  enumerator  having  my  confidence,  whom  I  afterwards  employed 
in  the  additional  district  The  verification  agreed  in  all  points  with  the  enumeration 
previously  effected. 

As  the  work  arrived  in  my  office  it  was  examined,  the  small  errors  being  cor- 
rected, and  then  forwarded  to  the  assistant  director. 

Before  beginning  the  enumeration  in  this  province,  and  taking  into  consideration 
the  number  of  persons  enumerated  daily  in  the  United  States  during  the  last  census, 
I  fixed  for  the  enumerators  of  the  city  of  Habana  as  well  as  of  other  cities  a  task  of 
one  hundred  entries,  more  or  lees,  being  required  to  state  the  reason  for  not  making 
more  than  seventy,  in  order  that  they  should  not  use  more  time  than  necessary,  as 
on  the  other  hand  they  would  get  credit  for  three  days  of  enumeration  for  two  of 
work. 

This  measure  was  not  applied  to  the  rural  wards,  by  reason  of  the  distances  it  is 
necessary  to  cover  between  each  plantation  and  on  account  of  the  condition  of  the 
roads.  But  in  any  case  they  had  to  give  the  cause  when  the  day's  work  was  less 
than  usual.  .  *    *    * 

Tn  compliance  with  your  instructions,  I  kept  sending  to  the  Assistant  Director  at 
Santa  Clara  the  work  of  enumeration  after  it  was  corrected  and  examined,  which  I 
concluded  doing  on  December  23. 

As  I  said  before,  it  would  not  have  been  possible  for  me,  with  only  my  secretary 
and  messenger,  properly  to  attend  to  all  the  work  which  the  labor  required  should 
it  not  have  been,  I  repeat,  for  the  spontaneous  cooperation  of  many  .enumerators  who 
worked  in  my  office  without  any  remuneration  whatsoever,  and  to  the  fact  that  my 
secretary  and  myself  dedicated  to  the  census  many  days  taken  from  our  rest 

I  am  perfectly  satisfied  with  my  enumerators  and  their  work;  all  of  them  worked 
with  real  zeal  and  enthusiasm  to  have  the  work  a  success  and  to  enjoy  the  satisfaction 
of  having  contributed  with  their  grain  of  sand  to  raising  the  monument  which  is  to 
serve  as  a  basis  for  the  future  destiny  of  our  country. 

The  enumerators  in  the  country,  besides  having  to  encounter,  as  all  those  of  the 
towns,  the  small  natural  difficulties  in  this  kind  of  work,  were  inconvenienced  with 
the  scarcity  of  horses  in  the  country,  some  of  them  being  obliged  to  hire  them  at  $2 
to  $2.50  per  day.  Fortunately,  the  rainy  season  this  year  was  not  so  abundant  as  it 
generally  was,  thus  making  the  journeys  of  the  enumerators  less  difficult 

I  say  the  same  with  regard  to  the  female  enumerators,  who  relatively  did  the  work 
better  than  the  men,  because  it  is  to  be  taken  into  consideration  that  the  Spanish 
Government  never  having  wished  to  give  to  the  Cuban  woman  any  participation  what- 
soever in  public  positions,  although  they  were  sufficiently  intelligent  and  instructed 
therefor,  as  they  have  proven  in  this  case,  they  found  themselves,  as  was  natural, 
in  fear  of  not  being  able  to  perform  their  duty  well,  because  this  work  was  com- 
pletely different  from  the  duties  which  up  to  this  time  they  had  been  engaged  in. 

In  the  census  they  have  proven  that  they  are  capable  of  any  office  proper  for  their 
sex.  I  hope,  as  the  Director  of  the  Census  told  them,  that  this  will  serve  as  an 
encouragement  for  making  use  of  their  services  in  other  offices. 

In  the  formation  of  the  census  of  this  province  I  also  carefully  studied  the  admin- 
istrative part  in  order  to  make  it  as  economical  as  jKMBsible.    My  attempts  have  been 


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APPEmoix  V.  631 

crowned  with  success,  because,  according  to  the  information  furnished  by  the  pay- 
master of  this  province,  which  agrees  with  my  accounts,  only  about  $36,000  have 
been  spent  altogether,  which  I  understand  is  one-third  of  what  was  estimated. 

My  relations  with  said  paymaster,  Maj.  James  E.  Wilson,  have  been  very  agree- 
able, as  he  did  all  that  he  could  to  prevent  delay  in  the  payments  and  trouble  for 
the  enumerators  in  the  collection  of  their  accounts. 

Special  mention  must  be  made  of  the  fact  that  the  newspapers  of  this  city,  prin- 
cipally La  Lucha,  X^  Discusion,  and  El  Diario  gladly,  without  charge,  published  all 
the  instructions  to  the  enumerators  which  it  was  necessary  to  publish  before  and 
during  the  time  of  the  enumeration,  and  that  they  also  dispelled  any  doubts  that  the 
people  might  have  with  regard  to  the  census,  thus  contributing  to  a  better  success  of 
the  work. 

Before  concluding  I  wish  to  state,  although  it  may  injure  the  modesty  of  the 
Assistant  Director  of  the  Census,  that  the  success  of  taking  the  census  is  due  in  great 
part  to  the  great  knowledge  possessed  by  him,  to  his  activity  in  the  dischai^ge  of  his 
duties  as  Assistant  Director,  and  to  the  precision  and  clearness  with  which  he  always 
answered  the  doubts  and  consultations  submitted  to  him  during  the  course  of  the 
work. 

Yours,  etc.,  Manuel  Rasco, 

Supervisor  of  the  Cenms  in  the  Province  ofHabana. 

The  DraBCTOR  of  the  Census  op  Cuba, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
(Through  the  Assistant  Dire<'tor.) 


APPENDIX  V. 

Census  op  Cuba,  Office  of  the  Supervisor, 

MatanzaSy  Cuba,  December  mO,  1899, 

Sir:  It  is  a  difficult  task  for  me  to  comply  with  superior  orders  in  the  midgt  of  the 
complicated  and  varied  works  of  the  census  and  faithfully  remember  the  many 
details  of  the  work  which  was  so  kindly  placed  in  my  hands  and  which  I  have  so 
im worthily  concluded;  difficult  also  by  reason  of  the  absence  of  intellectual  gifts, 
which  I  have  always  been  obliged  to  supply  with  the  intention  and  especially  with 
the  activity  and  the  wish  to  succeed. 

From  the  time  we  were  given  our  orders  in  Washington  I  understood  that  I  had 
the  good  fortune  of  receiving  the  easiest  gf  the  provinces;  that  having  the  most 
ample  means  of  communication,  the  success  depended  on  the  personnel  that  I  should 
select.  Thus  it  was  that  I  w^ent  over  names  and  names  in  my  mind  for  the  selection 
of  a  secretary  ad  hoc,  who  should  be  diligent,  acquainted  with  office  work,  very 
prudent,  and  who  should,  together  with,  a  clear  intelligence,  combine  the  honesty 
and  the  enthusiasm  necessary  properly  to  direct  the  work  of  the  office.  I  analyzed 
and  rejected  man  after  man  until,  upon  the  recommendation  of  an  illustrious  Cuban 
residing  in  Washington,  whose  name  alone  is  a  '*gem  of  glory,'*  caused  me  to  decide 
in  favor  of  Mr.  Tomas  Cordona,  with  whom  I  was  not  acquainted,  and  whose  merits 
were  so  opportunely  expounded  to  me. 

The  results  obtained,  with  the  cooperation  of  so  methodical,  intelligent,  and  honest 
an  employee,  have  surpassed  all  expectations. 

Later  came  the  study  of  maps  and  plans,  the  calculation  of  the  population,  the 
examination  of  the  last  census,  the  examination  of  the  rural  wealth,  and  finally  the 
election  of  the  personnel  of  the  enumerators  and  the  division  of  the  province  into 
enumeration  districts  upon  the  basis  of  the  last  deficient  census  and  the  few  and 


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632  REPORT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

very  inexact  plans  of  the  province.  This  delicate  work,  which  required  a  xninate 
study  and  an  exact  calculation,  had  to  be  done  in  a  very  short  period  and  therefore 
contained  defects  which  later,  when  put  into  practice,  were  noticeable.  The  distri- 
bution of  enumerators  having  been  made  on  the  basifl  of  one  enumerator  for  every 
1,000  inhabitants  in  the  rural  districts  and  1,500  in  the  urban  districts,  as  shown  by 
the  last  census,  was  found  to  be  erroneous,  owing  to  the  mortality  caused  by  the  war 
and  reconcentration.  Districts  which  before  the  war  contained  the  said  number  were 
found  to  contain  not  more  than  400,  and  other  districts  which  were  considered  as 
not  having  many  inhabitants  were  found  to  have  many  more  than  the  number  set 
But  there  was  another  phenomenon  which  was  not  taken  into  consideration  and 
which  was  the  cause  of  error  in  the  distribution.  In  the  same  locality  there  had 
been  a  transfusion  of  inhabitants,  the  density  of  the  population  passing  from  one 
point  to  another.  Very  densely  populated  wards,  which  were  considered  centers  of 
population,  are  deserted,  and  in  others  the  towns  have  increased  in  population  to 
such  an  extent  that  in  order  to  conclude  their  enumeration  within  the  period  fixed 
it  was  necessary  to  assign  two  assistants  to  them.  The  same  change  has  taken  place 
in  the  rural  districts.  The  enumerators  were  surprised  to  find  many  residents  in 
forests  which  were  previously  unpopulated  or  in  valleys  formerly  imcoltivated. 
»    ♦    » 

Afterwards  came  tiresome  days,  the  recollection  of  which  saddens  the  spirit. 
Lines  of  applicants,  an  endless  string  of  candidatefi  for  the  positions  of  enumerators, 
of  all  classes,  all  abilities,  with  recommendations  from  prominent  persons  and  dose 
friends,  invading  the  residence  of  the  supervisor  without  suspense,  without  letting 
him  rest,  with  endless  supplications;  men  and  women  wishing  to  work,  seeking 
through  honest  work  the  manner  of  supplying  their  necessities.  »  *  *  Only 
those  who  have  been  in  similar  situations  can  judge  of  the  amount  and  character  of 
the  sufferings.  After  the  list  had  been  made  of  those  who  were  to  serve  in  the  city, . 
it  was  necessary  to  go  to  other  municipal  districts  in  order  better  to  make  the 
appointment  of  the  enumerators.  I  therefore  determined  to  visit  the  province  and 
to  collept  in  each  municipality  the  plans,  topographical  divisions,  and  the  limits  of 
every  district  and  ward. 

Some  day»  before  I  had  forwarded  a  circular  to  the  mayors,  requesting  them  to 
furnish  me  said  information,  which,  however,  was  deficient. 

I  left  this  city  at  6  o'clock  a.  m.  on  the  12th  of  September  for  La  Cidra,  a  town  in 
the  municipality  of  Santa  Ana.  I  was  received  by  the  mayor  and  some  aldermen 
who  had  the  plans  of  the  district  and  of  the  town  with  their  limits  and  the  names  of 
the  persons  who,  in  their  opinion,  should  be  the  enumerators  Af  those  districts.  * 
*  *  We  left  Cidra  for  Sabanilla,  which  is  the  seat  of  the  municipality.  I  there 
made  and  modified  the  plan  of  the  district  and  obtained  a  very  good  copy  from  a 
resident,  which  he  presented  to  me. 

The  mayor  and  some  of  the  aldermen  of  the  municipality  indicated  the  persons 
who  should  make  the  enumeration  of  the  districts.  I  selected  a  young  lady,  Etel- 
vina  Sanchez,  the  daughter  of  a  teacher  and  herself  a  teacher,  to  instruct  the 
other  enumerators,  being  very  intelligent  and  active. 

At  every  station  at  which  I  stopped  I  telegraphed  to  the  mayor  of  the  next  one, 
requesting  him  to  meet  me,  together  with  persons  well  acquainted  with  the  locality. 
This  facilitated  my  work  and  at  the  same  time  gave  me  an  opportunity  to  address 
them  with  a  view  to  exciting  their  favorable  interest  in  the  census,  without  taking 
into  consideration  the  important  data  I  received  from  the  old  residents  of  each 
locality. 

In  the  town  of  Cabezas  I  made  the  plan  of  the  district.  I  divided  it  into  wards, 
calculated  the  population,  and  received  very  valuable  information. 

From  there,  through  the  kindness  of  the  manager  of  the  railroad,  I  proceeded  to 


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APPENDIX   V.  633 

Union.  The  mayor,  the  secretary,  the  director  of  the  public  school,  and  others'met 
me.    On  the  13th  I  left  this  town  for  Alacranes. 

The  distance  between  the  two  towns  is  short,  and  my  stay  in  Alacranes  was  pleas- 
ant and  beneficial.  The  limits  of  the  district  and  of  the  wards  I  obtained  with 
sufficient  exactness  and  wealth  of  details.  On  my  return  to  Union  I  stopped  at 
Bolondron.  In  a  short  time,  thanks  to  the  kindness  of  all  the  persons  around  me, 
I  accomplished  my  desires  and  the  end  of  my  visit.  Four  young  ladies  were 
appointed  enumerators.  At  12  o'clock  I  arrived  at  Macurijes,  and  at  1 1  returned 
to  Navajas,  from  which  town  there  is  a  branch  running  through  a  sugar  region  of 
much  importance,  with  its  terminus  at  Jaguey.  I  passed  the  night  in  the  latter 
town.  The  selection  of  an  enumerator  to  take  charge  of  the  northern  portion  of  the 
Zapata  swamp  was  troubling  me  very  much,  by  reason  of  the  difficulties  and  dangers 
attending  the  undertaking  and  by  the  fear  that  the  enumeration  would  be  unsuccess- 
ful, but  the  kind  mayor  of  that  district,  Mr.  Galvez,  furnished  me  an  athlete,  the 
man  I  required.  Sixto  Agramonte,  well  acquainted  with  those  places,  offered  to 
minutely  register  the  islets  of  solid  land  existing  there  and  to  enumerate  the  persons 
living  in  the  same.  The  rest  of  the  enumerators  were  indicated  to  me,  and  with  a 
memorandum  of  the  same  and  of  the  limits  of  the  wards,  the  plan  of  the  district  and 
that  of  the  city,  I  proceeded  on  the  14th  instant  to  Cuevitas. 

Here,  as  was  the  case  in  Jaguey,  I  found  the  work  prepared,  receiving  a  plan  which 
I  owe  to  the  kindness  of  the  teacher  of  that  town,  Mr.  Gabriel  Faget,  and  a  laige 
amount  of  important  data  relating  to  the  district  and  its  limits.  With  this  informa- 
tion and  with  a  memorandum  of  the  enumerators,  I  returned  to  Matanzas,  in  order 
to  continue  my  work  the  next  day  in  another  direction  and  on  a  different  subject. 

The  first  municipality  which  I  visited  was  that  of  Guamacaro,  the  seat  of  which  is 
Limonar.  Mr.  Grave  de  Peralta  is  the  mayor  of  this  town.  I  have  nothing  but 
gratitude  for  his  efforts  to  comply  with  my  wishes.  I  there  appointed  a  young  lady, 
who  applied  to  enumerate  the  rural  ward  of  Coliseo,  and  who,  without  fearing  the 
work  or  difficulties,  promised  to  visit  the  estates  situated  in  said  district  The  name 
of  this  young  lady  is  Antonia  de  Leon.  She  is  the  teacher  of  that  ward,  and  com- 
bines with  a  clear  intellect  an  agreeable  natvire  and  great  firmness.  The  result 
obtained  proves  that  my  hopes  were  not  vain.  Miss  Leon,  going  through  oceans  of 
weeds  which  here  covered  the  roads,  over  ground  covered  with  brambles,  fording 
rivers,  and  during  rain  storms,  has  not  omitted  to  visit  one  single  piece  of  ground 
nor  to  enumerate  one  single  resident. 

On  the  16th  I  visited  the  town  of  Jovellanos.  A  select  body  of  residents  was 
awaiting  me  in  the  town  hall.  I  conversed  several  hours  with  them  on  the  impor- 
tance of  the  census  and  on  its  transcendency.  In  the  morning  of  the  following  day 
the  secretary  of  the  municipal  coimcil,  in  the  name  of  the  municipal  mayor  and 
some  respectable  residents,  made  the  selection  of  the  enumerators,-  and  with  few 
agreeable  impressions  I  continued  to  Carlos  Rojas,  formerly  called  Cimarrones.  My 
stay  here  was  short  by  reason  of  the  combination  of  trains,  but  of  advantage  on 
account  of  the  data  I  collected.  On  the  same  day  I  proceded  to  Cardenas.  My  first 
visit  was  to  the  learned  physician  who  fills  the  office  of  mayor.  With  the  kindness 
that  characterizes  him  he  introduced  me  to  practical  persons,  well  acquainted  with 
the  locality,  who  gave  me  the  dividing  lines  of  the  wards  and  of  the  district  To 
their  good  judgment  do  I  owe  the  brilliant  corps  of  enumerators  who  have  worked 
so  competently  as  well  as  actively.  He  also  indicated  to  me  the  enumerators  to  visit 
the  islets  near  the  northern  coast  of  the  province  of  Matanzas,  as  well  as  some  situ- 
ated farther  out. 

In  order  to  finish  my  trip  sooner,  I  requested  and  obtained  from  the  n^anager  of 
the  railroad  of  Cardenas  and  Jucaro  an  express  train  to  take  me  over  all  its  lines,  and 
thus  in  a  short  time  visit  the  municipalities  remaining.    In  this  manner  I  visited  the 


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684  BEFOBT  ON  THE   CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

towns  of  Hato  Naevo,  Recreo,  and  San  Joee,  where  I  passed  the  ni^t,  prooeeding 
the  next  day  to  Macagua  and  Colon  for  the  oune  purpose;  that  is,  the  coirectioD  of 
plans,  the  making  of  others,  the  bounding  of  the  wards,  and  the  appointment  of 
enumeratora. 

Colon  being  a  town  with  quite  a  laige  population,  of  some  culture,  required  a  vi^ot 
of  greater  length.  The  most  prominent  people  met  me  and  were  my  guides  in  the 
determination  of  the  limits  of  the  wards. 

On  the  following  day,  the  18th,  I  touched  at  Manguito  (the  seat  of  the  municipal- 
ity of  PalmiUas),  £1  Roque,  and  El  Perico,  where  I  spent  the  night,  returning  to 
Matanzas  on  the  afternoon  of  the  19th.  The  201  enumerators  of  the  province  were 
thus  appointed,  after  being  examined  as  to  their  handwriting  and  references  which 
they  submitted  as  to  their  fitness.  The  Cuban  woman  occupied  an  honorable  place 
among  them.  Fifty-four  were  selected,  distributed  in  the  following  manner:  Two  in 
Guamaxaro,  17  in  Matanzas,  8  in  Cardenas,  2  in  Carlos  Rojas,  1  in  Guamitas,  2  in 
Jovellanos,  2  in  Alacranes,  4  in  Bolondron,  1  in  Cabezas,  2  in  Union,  1  in  Sabanilla, 
2  in  Colon,  1  in  Cuevitas,  2  in  Macuriges,  2  in  Palmillas,  1  in  Perico,  1  in  El  Roqae, 
and  3  in  San  Joee  de  los  Ramos.  The  Cuban  woman,  a  model  in  her  home,  who,  as 
a  wife,  daughter,  and  mother,  exceeds  all  women  in  virtue,  is  not  accustomed  to 
public  offices  and  had  never  been  obliged  to  battle  for  existence,  excepting  in  hand 
work,  sewing,  and  in  work  which  was  connected  with  her  family.  But  she  has 
shown  herself  in  this  province  as  pure,  industrious,  and  intelligent,  incapable  of  any 
falsehood,  or  of  any  ignoble  action,  and  has  fulfilled  her  duty  and  followed  the 
instructions  exactly  and  with  greater  faithfulness  than  the  men.  Lacking  confi- 
dence in  her  qualifications,  she  exceeded  the  work  and  study  required,  preferring  to 
sacrifice  herself  to  truth,  honor,  and  justice.  I  have  seen  her  after  a  rainy  day,  after 
having  worked  eight  or  ten  hours,  come  to  this  office  and  apologize  for  not  having  enu- 
merated more  than  80  persons,  fearing  a  reprimand  or  punishment  At  other  times 
she  has  come  trembling  to  request  an  opinion  on  a  matter  of  conscience  which 
troubled  her.  One  active,  intelligent,  and  industrious  little  girl  was  very  disconso- 
late because  she  had  not  enumerated  a  small  colored  child  she  had  not  seen  in  her 
visit  to  a  residence  and  which  had  been  involuntarily  omitted  in  the  statement  of  a 
family,  and  of  whom  she  had  been  informed  in  another  house.  On  the  other  hand, 
what  obedience  to  the  orders  of  the  chief  who  is  exacting  in  his  demands,  how  minute 
in  the  details,  and  how  attentive  and  discreet!  If  one  became  discouraged,  a  word 
of  praise  was  sufficient  for  her  to  return,  faithfully  to  collect  the  data.  With  what 
goodness  and  sweetness  they  bore  harsh  answers,  or  unpleasant  words,  without  mak- 
ing use  of  violent  means. 

While  the  census  was  being  taken,  the  military  authorities  ordered  the  destruction 
of  the  Indian  huts  around  the  town  as  a  hygienic  measure.  I  feared  that  the  families 
who  were  living  in  them  would  distribute  themselves  around  the  town  and  that  many 
would  not  be  enumerated.  I  immediately  applied  to  Captain  (Major)  Cartwright 
and  was  fortunate  in  obtaining  an  extension  of  two  days  in  which  to  conclude  the 
enumeration.  I  ordered  the  female  enumerators  to  abandon  work  in  the  center  of 
their  districts  and  devote  themselves  to  recording  all  the  persons  who  were  about  to 
move.  And  although  it  was  blowing  from  the  north,  the  rainstorms  frequent,  and 
the  huts  were  situated  at  a  distance  and  among  the  most  inaccessible  hills  surround- 
ing the  city,  nothing  was  considered  an  obstacle — ^nothing  detained  them.  The  work 
was  concluded  in  one  day  and  a  half,  and  they  came  to  inform  me  with  a  smile  on 
their  lips,  and  with  the  greatest  satisfaction,  that  they  had  complied  with  my  orders. 
And  what  I  have  said  about  the  young  ladies  of  Matanzas  I  wish  to  say  of  all  the 
female  enumerators  of  the  province,  without  excepting  anyone,  because  all  of  them 
have  fulfilled  my  wishes.  They  devoted  all  their  efforts  and  faculties  to  the  work, 
and  they  have  my  greatest  gratitude. 

I  must  state  to  the  honor  of  all,  that  I  have  received  moral  and  material  support 


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APPENDIX   V.  635 

from  each  and  every  authority,  Ouhan  as  well  as  American,  commencing  with  the  cul- 
tured and  talented  General  Wilson,  to  whom  I  owe  so  many  undeserved  attentions  I 
shall  never  he  ahle  to  thank  him  for,  and  the  intellig^it  Gen.  Pedro  £.  Betancourt, 
civil  governor,  down  to  the  mayors  and  the  last  employees  of  the  administration. 
They  have  all  complied  with  my  wishes  and  would  have  satisfied  the  most  exacting 
ones.  All  have  demonstrated  their  wishes  for  the  census  and  all  of  them  have  made 
the  work  intrusted  to  me  easy  and  simple. 

«  «  «  «  «  «  « 

The  latter  half  of  the  month  of  September  was  devoted  to  the  preparation  of  the 
instructors  or  chiefe  of  the  districts.  There  were  twenty-two  of  them,  to  whom  I 
devoted  three  to  four  hours  of  instruction  daily,  explaining  to  them  not  only  the 
schedules,  but  the  importance  of  their  duties  and  the  manner  of  effecting  the  direc- 
tion of  the  enumerators  whom  they  were  to  have  under  their  direction  and  instruc- 
tion. I  selected  three  young  ladies  among  them,  of  whom  I  shall  speak  later  on. 
All  of  them  attended  and  demonstrated  the  greatest  desire  to  acquire  the  indispen- 
sable knowledge.  The  method  I  pursued  from  the  banning  was  to  require  them  to 
fill  schedules  1,  2,  and  3  with  the  most  difficult  cases,  with  institutions,  agricultural 
schedules  in  towns,  in  abandoned  estates,  in  estates  the  ownership  of  which  was 
doubtful,  in  private  and  public  schools,  with  the  most  minute  details,  in  order  that 
the  instruction  they  were  to  give  should  be  as  exact  as  possible.  I  devoted  the  time 
from  the  1st  to  the  15th  of  October  to  the  enumerators.  I  formed  three  groups — 
that  of  the  morning  from  7  to  10  for  the  ladies;  from  2  to  4.30  for  the  older  men,  and 
the  evening  for  the  younger  men.  It  is  a  fact  that  during  this  time  I  did  not  have 
to  reproach  anyone.  The  desire  of  emulation  which  I  awoke  in  all  produced  notable 
results.  For  many  days  it  amused  me  to  hear  the  discussions  they  brought  up 
among  themselves,  submitting  the  most  varied  and  difficult  cases  for  solution.  The 
personnel  selected  was  «o  good  that  I  understood  that  to  them  and  to  them  only 
would  the  success  of  the  census  be  due  if  success  were  attained. 

The  short  time  remaining  of  the  day  I  devoted  to  the  transmission  and  preparation 
of  the  plans  and  maps.  I  owe  thanks  to  the  corps  of  American  engineers,  who  gladly 
furnished  me  the  blue  prints  and  copies  within  the  shortest  period  possible  and  with 
the  greatest  correctness.  In  this  manner  within  a  few  days  I  was  able  to  indicate 
the  districts  in  colors  in  the  cities,  divide  the  districts,  indicate  those  of  the  province, 
and  number  them  all.  It  was  my  wish,  which  I  obtained,  that  every  enumerator 
should  have  a  detailed  plan  of  his  district,  with  a  statement  of  the  limits,  and  a  copy, 
which  I  had  already  obtained  of  the  municipalities,  of  the  estates  situated  within 
said  districts.  In  this  manner  the  work  was- facilitated  greatly,  and  with  a  little  good 
will  an  exact  enumeration  could  be  obtained. 

On  the  14th  of  October  I  issued  an  order  that  all  the  enumerators  should  be  at  the 
posts  and  that  the  instructors  should  communicate  their  instructions  to  two  or  more 
substitutes,  providing  for  any  case  of  illness  or  death,  so  that  the  census  should  not 
be  disturbed.  This  measure  was  very  good,  because  in  many  cases  it  was  necessary 
to  apply  to  the  substitutes  by  reason  of  resignations,  illness,  or  other  accidents.  On 
October  16,  the  date  fixed  in  the  promulgation  of  the  President,  the  work  was  begun 
in  the  entire  province,  the  instructors  informing  me  that  night  that  the  enumeration 
had  begun  without  any  occurrence  of  importance.  In  order  to  give  method  and 
order  to  the  enumeration,  I  requested  that  the  instructors  send  me  every  five  days, 
by  telegraph,  a  r^sum^  of  the  work  of  the  enumerators,  in  houses,  inhabitants, 
estates,  and  animals;  the  details  being  forwarded  to  me  by  mail.  This  system 
allowed  me  to  keep  the  Assistant  Director  posted  as  to  the  progress  of  the  census, 
informing  him  every  five  days  of  the  work  done.  It  is  not  strange,  nor  did  it  affect 
the  organization  or  structure  of  the  work,  that  some  districts  arrived  late  and  were 
not  included  in  the  rSsum^,  because  being  at  a  distance  from  the  centers  of  communi- 
cation, the  information  could  not  be  forwarded  on  a  fixed  day  to  the  instructor.    This 


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686  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

IB  what  happened  with  district  No.  96  of  the  islets,  and  No.  19  of  Palmillas,  and 
others.  It  was  also  the  duty  of  every  enumerator  to  forward  the  schedules  in 
this  period  in  order  to  collect  them  in  this  office  and  avoid  losses,  deterioraticms,  or 
accidents.    ♦    ♦    ♦ 

The  prevalence  of  a  cyclone  at  that  time  troubled  me,  because  it  interfered  with 
the  enumeration,  preventing  work  in  some  localities  by  reason  of  the  rising  of  rivefs, 
and  interrupting  it  in  the  urban  districts  in  such  manner  that  it  was  not  poseible  to 
get  more  than  25  to  30  names  per  day.  Fortunately  this  accident  was  of  short 
duration  and  the  census  was  enabled  to  continue  its  normal  progress.  But  the 
necessity  for  the  waterproof  portfolios  became  evident  They  had  not  arrived  from  the 
United  States  and  the  enumerators  were  clamoring  for  them  incessantly.  These  did 
not  arrive  until  the  26th  of  October,  being  distributed  to  the  enumerators  the  two 
following. 

I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  all  the  instructors  showed  a  competency  and  fitness 
not  very  common  and  more  than  the  necessary  activity,  fulfilling  the  instructions 
contained  in  the  different  circulars  that  I  sent  them.  The  personnel  also  obeyed 
instructions,  and  without  any  obstacle  whatsover  they  complied  with  all  the  orders 
which  I  or  the  office  of  the  Assistant  Director  issued.  But  special  mention  is 
deserved  by  Miss  Maria  Nunez,  of  Cardenas,  who,  having  20  enumerators  under  her 
orders,  was  a  model  of  zeal,  expertness,  intelligence,  and  activity.  It  affords  me  pride 
to  mention  the  four  Cuban  young  ladies  who  as  instructors  have  given  me  the  high 
opinion  I  have  of  the  value  of  the  Cuban  woman.  The  said  Miss  Nunez,  as  well  as 
Misses  Etelvina  Sanchez,  Rorrario  Rodriguez,  and  Rosa  Ybarra,  never  had  to  be 
reminded  of  their  duties.  I  had  sent  several  circulars  to  the  instructors,  all  of  which 
had  been  zealously  and  discreetly  complied  with. 

The  circular  of  October  9,  1899,  ia  as  follows: 

"Matanzas,  October  9,  IS99. 
**To  the  Instructor  Enumbrator. 

"Dear  Sir:  I  beg  of  you  to  take  the  following  remarks  into  consideration: 

"1.  You  must  every  three  days  give  me  an  account  of  the  enumerators  and  sub- 
stitutes who  are  working  and  those  who  do  not  do  so  on  account  of  negligence. 

^  *  2.  You  must  see  that  the  enumerators  fill  blanks  of  each  class  before  you  and  under 
your  direction,  suspending  one  from  the  census  to  enumerate  an  institution  and 
return  him  to  the  census  with  the  proper  number. 

**3.  Inform  them  that  every  ^ye  days  they  must  give  an  account  of  the  enumera- 
tion of  persons  and  estates,  and  every  eight  to  ten  days  forward  the  schedules. 

**4.  That  in  all  their  acts  they  observe  the  exactness,  politeness,  an<l  prudence 
which  has  been  recommended. 

"5.  That  each  one  get  information  in  his  district  of  the  mines  existing  in  the  same 
(well  defined),  their  location,  owner,  kind  of  mineral,  and  its  analysis,  if  possible. 

"6.  You  must  prepare  two  substitute  enumerators  for  cases  of  death,  sickness,  or 
resignations,  in  order  that  the  work  be  not  interrupted  in  any  case. 

"  7.  Arrange  two  sessions  per  day,  from  7  to  9  in  the  morning  and  from  7  to  9  in 
the  evening,  for  preparation  and  instruction.'' 

The  object  of  the  second  circular  was  to  compare  the  data  of  each  of  the  instructors 
with  the  daily  reports  of  the  enumerators,  in  order  to  make  the  payments  for  October. 
It  was  as  follows: 

**  In  order  to  prepare  the  lists  which  are  to  be  presented  for  the  payment  of  enn- 
merators,  you  will  please  keep  an  account  current  with  each  enumerator,  including 
yourself,  in  which  shall  be  stated  the  full  days  of  work,  the  days  lost,  the  reasons 
therefor,  and  also  stating  the  hours  lost  through  negligence  or  similar  reascMi,  for  the 
purpose  of  deducting  the  time  lost  from  the  salary.  All  of  the  above  you  will  certify 
to.    You  will  mail  said  data  on  the  Slst  instant,  upon  the  conclusion  of  the  work. 


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APPENDIX   V.  637 

"At  the  same  time  I  recommend  to  you  to  forward,  as  ordered,  the  work  done, 
carefully  rolled  in  tubes  or  placed  in  pasteboard  boxes,  in  order  that  they  may  not 
be  damaged.  You  may  make  use  of  the  outside  of  the  official  envelopes  I  sent  you 
for  the  wrapper  of  the  boxes  or  tubes,  duly  registered,  and  taking  a  receipt  for  the 
same." 

The  paymaster  having  consented  to  a  trip  through  the  province  for  the  payment 
of  the  enumerators,  I  applied  to  the  two  railroad  companies  of  Matanzas  and  Carde- 
nas, requesting  to  be  furnished  with  an  express  train,  permitting  us  to  do  the  work 
in  the  shortest  possible  time.^  But  there  was  another  advantage  in  this  trip;  the 
labor  of  the  enumerators  was  verified  by  the  rolls,  and  the  trip  through  all  the  dis- 
tricts enabled  me  to  collect  the  rolls  in  boxes  prepared  for  the  purpose,  arriving  at 
this  city  without  being  damaged  at  all. 

Fearing  that  some  of  the  large  districts  would  not  be  concluded  at  the  proper  time, 
I  saw  myself  obliged  to  send  the  following  order  to  the  instructors: 

"Novembers,  1899. 

"The  law  issued  for  the  taking  of  the  census  of  Cuba  requiring  that  said  census 
be  concluded  the  30th  of  November,  without  delay  nor  pretext  of  any  kind,  I  espe- 
cially request  you  to  inquire  of  the  enumerators  of  those  districts  whether  they  will 
be  able  to  conclude  the  enumeration  of  the  same  before  the  said  date,  in  order  to 
name  all  the  assistants  necessary  in  a  contrary  case. 

"I  recommend  to  you  also  that  you  request  the  enumerators,  upon  the  conclusion 
of  the  enumeration  of  their  districts,  that  they  go  over  it  lightly  again  for  the  pur- 
pose of  assuring  themselves  that  no  estate,  house,  or  person  has  escaped  enumeration." 

The  result  was  the  creation  of  37  new  districts,  which  were  filled  by  enumerators 
who  had  concluded  the  enumeration  of  their  own  districts. 

On  the  28th  I  received  a  telegram  from  the  last  enumerator  of  the  province,  who 
worked  to  that  day,  Aurelio  Andreu,  of  the  ward  of  Calimete  with  3,300  inhabitants 
and  almost  300  estates.  In  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  I  was  able  to  communicate 
to  the  Assistant  Director  that  the  work  of  taking  the  census  in  my  province  had 
concluded. 

During  the  following  days — that  is,  during  th^first  ten  days  of  December — the  time 
was  devoted  to  the  examination,  revision,  and  arrangement  of  the  schedules,  and  to 
the  pajrment  of  the  salaries  of  the  enumerators,  as  they  were  declared  correct  by  me. 
In  this  labor  I  was  disinterestedly  and  enthusiastically  assisted  by  the  instructor  of 
Cardenas,  Miss  Maria  Nunez,  a  model  of  intelligence  and  activity;  Asuncion  Garcia, 
enumerator  of  Limonar;  Maria  Josefa  Herrera,  of  Matanzas;  Clarissa  Koig,  of  Union; 
the  instructor  of  Colon,  Julian  Romero,  appointed  assistant  with  the  daily  salary  of 
$3;  Eduardo  Garcia,  Jose  Sanchez  Guiros,  and  others.  All  have  sacrificed  themselves 
with  the  greatest  kindness  in  order  to  please  me. 

On  the  15th  I  forwarded  the  first  box  of  schedules  to  Santa  Clara,  and  day  by  day 
I  have  continued  sending  all  the  work,  imtil  the  conclusion  of  my  mission. 

Before  concluding  I  must  make  mention  of  two  enumerators  who,  on  account  of 
the  daring  work  done  and  the  difficulties  encountered,  are  worthy  of  recollection: 
Francisco  Mari,  the  enumerator  of  the  islets,  and  Six  to  Agramonte,  of  the  swamp. 
The  former,  a  cultured  and  educated  young  man,  has  condensed  the  incidents  of  his 
voyages  in  a  small  report.  I  do  not  wish  to  take  the  merit  of  his  description,  for 
which  reason  I  attach  it  hereto. 

The  diary  of  Sixto  Agramonte  is  so  interesting  that  it  also  forms  part  of  this  report. 
Therein  will  be  seen  the  efforts  made  for  patriotism  only.    And  I  say  for  patriotism, 

*This  request  was  granted  by  Sefior  Manuel  Diaz,  general  manager  of  the  Railroad 
of  Matanzas,  and  by  Sefior  Antonio  Yribe,  general  manager  of  the  Cardenas  and 
Jucaro  Railroad, 


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638  BEPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  J899. 

because  the  salary  of  $5  per  day  does  not  cover  the  expenses  he  has  incurred  to  ful- 
fill his  duty. 

It  only  remains  for  me  to  request  every  person  reading  or  hearing  this  report,  that 
what  there  is  or  is  found  to  be  good  in  the  work  of  taking  the  census  be  credited,  in 
the  first  place,  to  the  excellent  personnel  engaged  thereon,  and  in  the  second  to  the 
splendid  management  of  the  Assistant  Director. 

Fearing  that  many  persons  would  remain  without  being  enumerated,  notwith- 
standing the  additional  schedule  made  by  the  enumerators  after  concluding  their 
districts,  I  had  the  following  notice  published  in  the  newspapers  of  this  dty  and  of 
Cardenaa: 

**  As  the  date  is.  approaching  on  which  the  census  of  this  province  must  be  con- 
cluded, and  as  the  case  may  have  occurred  that  some  residents  thereof  have  not  been 
enumerated,  by  reason  of  change  of  domicile  or  other  circumstance  of  a  similar  char- 
acter, within  the  period  fixed  for  the  enumeration,  this  means  is  taken  to  request  all 
those  who  have  not  been  included  in  the  census  to  come  to  this  office,  Jovellanos  22 
altos,  during  office  hours,  where  they  will  be  entered  in  the  special  schedules  which 
have. been  opened  for  this  purpose  in  these  offices.'* 

Sixteen  persons  appeared  to  be  recorded,  and  in  a  portfolio,  with  the  title  '^Bfis- 
cellaneous,''  ordered  by  the  Assistant  Director,  it  has  been  forwarded  to  Santa 
Clara. 

Claudio  Dumas, 
Supervisor  of  the  Cenms. 

The  DiRBcroR  op  the  Census  op  Cuba, 

Waskinfftoriy  D.  C. 
(Through  the  Assistant  Director.) 


APPENDIX  VI. 

Census  op  Cuba,  Opfice  op  the  Supervisor, 

Pinar  dd  Rio  Provmoef  December  ;ftf ,  1899, 

Sir:  Having  concluded  my  delicate  mission  of  taking  a  census  of  this  province,  to 
which  work  I  have  devoted  all  my  efforts,  it  is  my  duty  to  give  the  Gk>vemment  of 
the  United  States,  under  whose  direction  the  censushas  been  taken,  an  idea  of  the 
difficulties  which  have  had  to  be  surmounted  by  the  enumerators  in  the  fulfillment 
of  the  duty  intrusted  to  them,  as  well  as  those  encountered  by  me  in  my  work. 

In  order  to  appreciate  the  reality  it  would  be  necessary  to  go  over  the  ground  cov- 
ered by  the  heroic  enumerators  of  this  province.  My  pen  is  not  equal  to  the  task  of 
narrating  in  a  proper  manner  the  thousand  incidents  of  the  work  done  here,  where 
Spanish  domination  gloried  in  its  iniquitous  conduct,  leaving  the  people  in  the  great- 
est ignorance,  and  refusing  to  give  the  suffering  and  honest  inhabitants  of  Vudta 
Abajo  means  of  communication.  There  are  few  roads  which  can  be  called  such,  nor 
are  there  any  bridges  over  the  innumerable  rivers  and  brooks  which  abound  in  the 
fertile  ground  of  this  rich  portion  of  Cuba. 

I  shall  not  detain  you  with  a  statement  of  the  obstacles  which  I  encountered  in 
the  preliminary  work  of  my  office.  It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  there  exist  no  post- 
offices  in  some  municipal  districts,  it  being  necessary  in  order  to  communicate  with 
Mantua  to  go  via  Habana  to  Los  Arroyos  in  a  steamer,  and  from  there  by  means 
of  private  carriers;  and  with  San  Diego  de  Nunez  by  sea  in  boats  from  Mariel  to 
Carenero,  with  loss  of  time,  which  was  short  even  for  localities  easily  reached,  by  rea- 
son of  the  order  of  the  government  to  conclude  on  the  30th  of  November  last  I  will 
confine  mjrself  to  the  workjof  enumeration. 

It  was  begun  on  the  16th  of  October,  during  a  rain  storm  which  lasted  sev^ial  days 


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APPENDIX   VI.  639 

in  most  of  the  districta  of  the  province,  the  passes  being  rendered  impassable  on 
account  of  the  rising  of  the  rivers  and  creeks,  and  the  roads  deplorable  to  such  an 
extent  that  some  enumerators  were  thrown  from  their  horses,  some  being  injured 
and  others  rendering  some  of  the  material  useless. 

The  enumerator  of  the  Cape  of  San  Antonio,  Mr.  Buenaventura  Gonzalez,  fell  into 
a  pool  and  sank  up  to  his  chest,  coming  out  without  his  shoes,  and  being  obliged  to 
walk  barefoot  3  leagues  over  very  rough  ground  in  order  to  reach  a  habitation.  The 
enumerator  of  Vinales,  Mr.  Ricardo  Kamat,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  16th  of  October, 
on  going  down  a  hill,  had  the  misfortune  to  break  the  girth  of  the  saddle,  and  the 
mule  on  which  he  was  mounted  shying,  threw  him  on  some  stones,  causing  him 
serious  bruises  which  obliged  him  to  remain  in  bed  for  ten  days;  but  firm  in  his  pur- 
pose of  fulfilling  the  work  intrusted  to  him,  as  soon  as  he  was  able  to  leave  his  bed 
he  continued  his  work,  concluding  it  to  my  satisfaction.  Others  did  the  work  while 
suffering  from  malarial  fevers;  and  Mr.  Antonio  Valdez,  of  Las  Ivas,  had  no  horse, 
but  being  decided  to  fulfill  his  duty  even  though  at  the  cost  of  his  health  and  life,  he 
did  the  work  on  foot  in  a  radius  of  over  8  leagues.  The  sufferings  and  hardships 
borne  by  all  the. enumerators  of  the  rural  portions  of  this  province  would  make  a 
book,  were  it  possible  to  narrate  them.  The  irregularities  of  the  ground,  the  com- 
plete obstruction  of  the  old  coimtry  roads,  the  struggles  with  the  ignorance  of  the 
country  peasants,  victims  of  the  machinations  and  cupidity  of  the  last  administra- 
tion, the  bad  weather  and  the  limited  period  in  which  to  conclude  the  work,  show 
great  bravery  on  the  part  of  the  enumerators,  who  worked  not  so  much  for  the  remu- 
neration (which  was  insufficient  in  the  country  to  cover  expenses),  but  by  reason  of 
personal  friendship  for  the  undersigned,  ambition,  and  patriotism. 

The  following  fact  will  give  an  idea  of  the  correctness  of  the  census  taken  in  this 
province: 

Mr.  Miguel  de  Lazaro,  in  examining  the  comers  of  his  district  as  chief  enumerator 
of  Vifiales,  discovered  a  small  tobacco  plantation  in  the  "Sierra  de  los  Organos," 
which,  belonging  to  the  district  of  Baja  (Mantua),  could  not  be  reached  from  his  side; 
he  informed  me  of  the  circtunstances  in  order  that  I  might  decide  what  should  be 
proper.  As  a  person  having  special  qualifications,  I  appointed  Mr.  Enrique  Montoto, 
who  had  been  in  the  Army  of  Liberation,  who,  on  the  conclusion  of  his  work  told 
me:  **  During  the  revolution  I  did  not  suffer  any  greater  hardships  than  those  I  have 
borne  in  the  enumeration  of  the  *  Sierra  Derrumbada*;  it  was  only  to  keep  my  word 
given  to  you  that  I  concluded  this  difficult  work." 

I  would  never  conclude  were  it  possible  to  narrate  all  the  incidents  which  occurred 
to  these  heroes  of  the  Cuban  census  in  the  fulfillment  of  their  duty;  but  I  must  say 
that  they  have  given  proof  of  the  fact  that  imder  an  honest  and  well-understood 
administration  the  Cubans  have  the  capacity  and  conditions  to  carry  out  any  work, 
no  matter  how  difficult  and  dangerous  it  may  be. 

The  noble  words  of  the  honorable  Secretary  of  War,  repeateil  by  me  to  each  and 
every  one  of  the  enumerators,  that  **The  census  is  the  basis  of  our  self-government," 
encouraged  them  to  carry  out  a  work  in  so  short  a  period  of  time  with  laudable 
cleanliness  in  its  form,  and  of  undoubted  truth. 

And  I  can  not  conclude  without  mentioning  my  secretary,  Mr.  Luis  F.  Jomarron, 
and  my  messenger,  my  son,  Jose  Ricardo,  who  in  their  respective  positions  have 
assisted  me  wonderfully  in  all  my  labors,  sharing  with  me  their  excess  by  reason  of 
the  lack  of  sufficient  employees  in  the  office,  which  forced  us  to  sacrifice  to  work  a 
good  many  hours  which  should  have  been  hours  of  rest 

Let  the  Government  judge  by  the  facts  whether  I  have  complied  with  my  duty 
conscientiously  and  honestly. 

Very  respectfully,  Pedro  N.  Pbqukno, 

Supervisor  of  the  Census  of  Cuba, 

The  DiBBCTOR  OF  THE  CENSUS,  Washington^  D.  C 
(Through  the  Aadstant  Director.) 


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640  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


APPENDIX  Vn. 

OfFICX  or  THB  SCPKBTISOB, 

•  Province  of  Pwrlo  Principe,  December  25,  1899, 

Sib:  The  arduous,  difficult,  and  most  important  work  of  taking  the  census  in  the 
province  of  Puerto  Principe  having  been  concluded,  I  take  pleasure  in  complying 
with  a  very  natural  duty  and  with  your  order,  forwarded  to  me  by  Mr.  Victor  H. 
Olmsted,  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census  of  Cuba,  relating  in  the  best  manner  pos- 
sible, and  making  use  of  all  my  faculties  as  well  as  devoting  all  my  attention 
thereto,  the  important  incidents  and  difficulties  I  have  encountered  in  the  task 
intrusted  to  me;  a  recollection,  furthermore,  which  I  shall  always  preserve  and 
which  all  the  natives  of  this  country  will  be  glad  to  know. 

On  the  22d  of  July  of  this  year  I  was  appointed,  a  high  honor  being  conferred 
upon  me,  supervisor  of  the  census  of  Cuba  in  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe, 
being  given  at  the  same  time  an  order  to  report  in  Washington  on  the  10th  of  Augost 
of  the  same  year,  an  order  which  I  comphed  with,  and  where  I  joined  my  colleagues, 
the  supervisors  of  the  other  provinces.  I  remained  in  Washington  until  the  night 
of  the  19th  of  August,  when  I  left  for  Uabana.  During  my  stay  in  Washington  I 
was  fully  convinced  of  the  importance  of  the  work  which  was  intrusted  to  us,  of  the 
extensive,  minute,  and  serious  study  which  it  was  desired  to  make  of  my  country 
for  future  purposes,  which  proved  in  a  concrete  and  irrevocable  manner  the  good 
intentions  of  the  Government  toward  this  adventurous  country,  on  which  the  great 
North  American  nation  placed  its  foot  from  sentiments  of  humanity  and  from  incom- 
parable and  undoubted  love  of  progress,  civilisation,  and  liberty,  which  is  the  reli- 
gion of  all  great  countries.     »    *    ♦ 

I  received  the  instructions  given  us  with  great  eagerness;  I  devoted  all  my  intel- 
lectual powers  of  retention  to  the  study  of  the  work  intrusted  to  me,  to  an  analysis 
of  the  statistics,  searching  for  the  greatest  exactness,  I  would  have  to  submit,  and 
on  the  26th,  in  possession  of  the  true  intentions  of  the  Grovemment,  I  reported  to 
the  assistant  director  at  Habana,  in  order  to  carry  out  the  most  necessary  measure 
for  taking  the  census,  that  is,  the  subdivision  of  my  province  into  districts  of 
enumeration. 

Mr.  Olmsted,  as  well  as  all  the  supervisors,  immediately  encountered  great  dif- 
ficulties, which,  in  order  to  surmount,  required  us  to  devote  ourselves  continuously 
and  carefully  to  the  study  of  the  question,  said  difficulties  consisting  in  the  absence 
of  official  data  for  making  said  subdivision.  The  plans  were  deficient;  we  could  not 
make  use  of  anything  of  the  censuses  taken  years  ago  by  the  Spanish  Gk)venmient| 
which  were  full  of  deficiencies,  incomplete,  and  irregular,  having  been  taken  under 
entirely  different  methods  than  those  prepared  by  the  Government  of  Washington 
for  this  census,  which  really  is  the  first  census  of  Cuba.  In  this  condition  of  affiurs 
I  received  some,  but  very  few,  data  by  telegraph,  and  without  making  a  final  subdi- 
vision 84  enumeration  districts  were  established,  with  authority  to  increase  or 
reduce  this  subdivision  according  to  the  requirements  of  my  province  after  the  work 
was  begun. 

This  subdivision,  in  my  opinion,  needed  the  supervision  of  an  expert,  because  the 
enumerators  could  not  enumerate  their  districts  unless  they  were  given  such  natural 
and  exact  limits  as  would  avoid  confusion  and  duplication  in  the  census  and  oth^ 
perturbations  to  the  prejudice  of  the  supervisor  and  in  general  to  the  census. 

In  view  also  of  the  lack  of  means  of  communication  in  my  province,  and  fearing 
that  this  lack  would  redound  to  the  prejudice  of  a  good  supervisorship  in  the  taking 
of  the  census,  I  requested,  together  with  the  other  supervisors  who  were  situated  as 
I  was,  that  authority  be  granted  to  appoint  an  enumerator  in  the  seat  of  the  munici- 
pal districts,  who,  properly  instructed  by  the  supervisors,  should  instruct  the  ena- 


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APPENDIX   VII.  641 

merators  of  their  reepectiye  district,  which  enumerators  should  begin  to  draw  their 
salary  of  |6  per  day  from  the  1st  of  October. 

On  the  3Qth  of  August,  and  making  use  of  the  i>owers  granted  me  by  the  Secretary 
of  War,  I  appointed  Mr.  Marquez  Sterling  secretary  of  my  office,  having  begun  to 
make  use  of  his  services  from  said  date,  he  having  taken  his  oath  of  office  in  the  presence 
of  Mr.  Olmsted  in  his  provisional  offices. 

After  the  preliminary  work  had  been  done  with  Mr.  Olmsted,  and  being  perfectly 
satisfied  and  pleased  with  the  intelligence  and  attention  shown  by  Mr.  Olmsted  in 
attending  to  all  the  requirements  of  my  district,  I  left  Habana,  together  with  my 
secretary,  on  the  11th  of  September,  opening  my  offices  on  the  15th  of  the  same  month, 
although  encountering  the  difficulty  of  the  lack  of  materials  which  arrived  here  much 
later,  and  beginning  without  delay  the  preparations  for  taking  the  census. 

To  study  the  limits  of  my  province,  to  tel^raph  Mr.  Olmsted  for  authority  to 
employ  an  expert  to  take  charge  of  the  division  of  the  districts,  was  my  first  act, 
and  ui>on  receiving  authorization,  I  appointed  Mr.  Manuel  P.  Cadenas,  who  made 
the  plans  of  each  municipal  district  divided  into  enumeration  districts,  which  plans 
are  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Olmsted.  But  immediately  thereafter  I  encountered 
the  first  difficulty:  The  division  made  in  Habana  did  not  cover  the  requirements  of 
my  province  for  the  taking  of  the  census,  and  according  to  a  calculation  which  we 
made,  the  enumerators  would  be  obliged  to  go  over  very  large  tracts  of  ground  every 
day  without  rest  in  the  rural  districts.  I  was  obliged  to  create  132  enumeration  dis- 
tricts, with  which  I  calculated  I  would  be  able  to  conclude  the  taking  of  the  census 
on  November  30,  as  I  had  been  ordered  to  do. 

According  to  paragraph  VIII  of  the  order  of  the  19th  of  August,  the  enumeration 
districts  were  not  to  exceed  1,500  inhabitants  in  the  town  districts  And  1,000  in  the 
rural  districts. 

In  my  province  this  could  not  be  carried  out.    *    *    * 

As  a  legitimate  consequence  of  the  last  revolution,  a  calculation  with  regard  to  the 
number  of  inhabitants  in  enumeration  districts  was  impossible,  because  there  are 
localities  which  before  the  war  were  populated  and  which  are  at  the  present  time 
completely  abandoned,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  some  localities  are  densely  populated 
which  before  the  war  had  small  settlements. 

These  considerations  forced  me  to  divide  the  province  into  132  districts,  it  being 
readily  observed  that  in  the  town  districts  I  could  reduce  the  number  of  enumerators 
which,  on  the  other  hand,  I  increased  in  greater  proportion  in  the  rural  districts. 

The  previous  census  could  not  be  taken  as  a  basis  for  a  division  into  enumeration 
districts,  nor  to  calculate  the  work  which  was  given  to  each  enumerator.    *    *    * 

Placing  myself  in  telegraphic  communication  with  the  municipal  mayors,  I  obtained 
the  limits  of  the  municipal  districts,  and  the  names  of  the  wards  which  composed 
each  district 

I  afterwards  noticed  that  in  the  map  given  me  for  the  purpose  the  limits  of  the 
province  were  not  correct,  because  of  the  limits  given  the  province  of  Santiago  de 
Cuba.  ♦  ♦  ♦  This  was  acknowledged  by  the  Assistant  Director  and  by  Mr.  Sabas 
Meneses,  supervisor  of  the  census  of  Santiago  de  Cuba.  This  point  having  been 
cleared  up  at  my  request,  confusion  and  duplications  in  the  census  were  avoided. 

Upon  the  conclusion  of  these  questions,  and  it  being  necessary  for  me  to  devote 
myself  to  the  preparation  of  enumerators  and  to  the  proper  distribution  of 
the  districts  among  them,  *  *  *  I  had  explanatory  charts  of  the  districts 
made  for  delivery  to  the  respective  enumerators,  the  work  of  which,  in  its 
mechanical  part,  was  done  by  Messrs.  Jose  Gardni,  Manuel  Breton,  Gonzalo  Agosto, 
Eugenio  Loret  de  Mola,  Emilio  Torres,  Alonso  Martinez,  and  Miguel  Cabrera,  who 
gave  their  services  without  remuneration,  although  later  they  were  allowed  $3  per 
day,  which  I  requested  of  Mr.  Olmsted  in  a  spirit  of  justice,  and  which  was  duly 
authorized  by  you.  Three  copies  were  made  of  these  charts,  a  tedious  and  long 
24662 41 


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642  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

work;  one,  in  order  to  be  able  to  give  each  enumerator  his  respective  chart;  another 
to  be  kept  in  this  office,  and  the  third  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Assistant  Director, 
with  the  plans  of  each  mimidpal  district,  made  by  the  expert,  Mr.  Manuel  Cadenas, 
as  I  stated  before,  and  which  plans  show  the  enmneration  districts  at  a  glance.  The 
plans  as  well  as  the  charts  being  incorrect  on  account  of  the  deficiency  in  the 
official  data  furnished,  I  required  the  rural  enumerators  to  make  a  report  of  the 
estates  they  enumerated,  with  their  respective  limits,  which  data  I  have  the  honor 
of  placing  at  your  disposal,  should  you  consider  it  useful  or  necessary,  and  which  I 
do  not  inclose  because  it  has  not  been  requested  of  me. 

I  then  immediately  proceeded  with  the  appointment  of  the  instructors  or  monitor 
enumerators  of  the  municipal  districts,  with  the  exception  of  that  of  Puerto  Prindpe, 
where  none  was  necessary,  by  reason  of  the  supervisor's  office  being  situated  there 

Municipal  district  of  Nuevitas,  Jose  Garcini. 

Municipal  district  of  Moron,  Jose  Masdival. 

Municipal  district  of  Ciego  de  Avila,  Ulpiano  Rodriguez. 

Municip>al  district  of  Banta  Cruz,  J.  Antonio  Miranda. 

Properly  instructed,  they  left  for  the  seats  of  their  districts,  and  then  I  proceeded 
with  the  instruction  of  the  enumerators  of  this  district  and  with  the  srfeetfon  of 
those  best  qualified  for  the  discharge  of  the  duties.  Is  these  appointments  it  was 
necessary  to  take  into  consideration  that  all  the  residents  of  the  districts  did  not 
possess  the  required  qualifications,  and  those  who  did  possess  them  were  not  always 
disposed  to  abandon  their  positions  or  private  business  to  fill  the  position  of 
-^enumerator. 
'  This  difficulty  being  surmounted  in  the  best  manner  possible,  the  task  of  instruc- 
tion was  arduous,  tedious,  and  incessant.  The  office  of  the  supervisor  remained  open 
until  10  or  11  o'clock  at  night.  The  secretary  and  myself  took  the  enumerators  by 
groups  and  gave  practical  instructions,  submitting  to  the  enumerators  the  most  diffi- 
cult cases  and  problems  in  the  three  tables  for  their  practice  and  decision. 

At  the  same  time  the  monitor  enumerators  were  doing  the  same  work  by  my 
orders  in  the  municipal  districts,  and  when  I  was  convinced  of  the  capabilities  of 
the  enumerators  I  appointed  them  and  took  their  oaths  of  office — for  the  city  of 
Puerto  Principe,  22  enumerators  (men,  19;  women,  3);  for  the  rural  portion,  43 
enumerators. 

In-order  to  know,  examine,  and  select  the  enumerators  of  the  other  municipal  dis- 
tricts, I  left  for  Moron  on  the  9th,  continuing  thence  to  Ciego  de  Avila,  Santa  Cruz, 
and  returning  to  this  city  on  the  evening  of  the  16th.  On  said  trip  I  was  obliged  to 
go  qn  horseback  for  64  leagues  on  account  of  the  lack  of  other  means  of  conmiuni- 
cation.  The  secretary,  Mr.  Marquez  Sterling,  had  remained  in  the  meantime  in 
charge  of  the  office,  and,  according  to  instructions  which  he  received,  he  distributed 
the  equipments  among  the  enumerators  of  the  district  of  Puerto  Principe  and  issued 
the  proper  orders,  so  that  when  I  arrived  there  all  the  enumerators  were  already  in 
their  districts  and  had  conmienced  their  enumeration  with  the  greatest  order  possible, 
without  encountering  any  difficulty  of  any  importance. 

In  Moron  I  appointed  and  received  the  oath  of  22  enumerators;  in  Ciego  de 
Avila,  17;  in  Santa  Cruz,  12;  in  Nuevitas,  17;  it  was  not  necessary  for  me  to  go  to 
this  district  to  know  the  enumerators,  the  military  conmiander  of  the  locality  receiving 
their  oaths. 

On  the  16th,  therefore,  the  secretary  informed  the  Assistant  Director  that  the 
enumeration  of  the  entire  province  had  begun. 

Previously  I  had  given  special  instructions  to  the  enumerators  which  they  were  to 
observe  and  which  consisted  of  the  following: 

"Working  hours  for  the  enumerators  of  the  city,  from  8  to  10  in  the  morning  and 
from  12  to  5  in  the  afternoon;  in  the  rural  districts,  from  6  to  10  in  the  morning  and 
from  2  to  5  in  the  afternoon. 


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APPENDIX   VII.  643 

''When  the  working  hours  should  be  over,  should  some  page  of  Schedule  No.  1 
remain  unfilled,  the  enumerators  shall  draw  a  bracket  in  the  left  margin,  including 
all  the  lines  which  were  filled  on  that  day,  and  in  the  center  of  the  bracket  he  shall 

make  the  following  memorandum:  'Enumerated  this  day (so  many),'  leaving 

the  balance  on  that  day  without  being  filled,  the  blanks  mentioned  in  the  heading 
of  the  schedule  on  the  day  on  which  the  enumeration  was  made,  which  shall  be 
filled  under  the  date  of  the  day  on  which  he  finishes  said  page  of  the  schedule. 

"The  enumerators  of  rural  districts  shall  keep  a  diary,  for  which  purpose  they 
will  be  given  the  proper  blanks,  in  which  they  shall  enter  the  names  of  the  estates 
visited,  number  of  persons  enumerated,  and  the  distance  covered  during  the  day. 

"An  authenticated  copy  of  this  diary  shall  be  sent  to  the  office  of  the  supervisor 
every  Saturday,  making  use  of  the  rural  guard  for  its  transmission. 

"No  enumerator  of  a  rural  district  may  absent  himself  without  authorization  from 
this  office,  nor  shall  the  town  enumerators  absent  themselves  from  the  city  in  which 
they  render  their  services. 

"In  case  an  enumerator  comes  to  a  house  where  none  of  the  inmates  speak  the 
Spanish  language,  he  shall  report  the  facts  to  this  office,  which  will  furnish  an 
interpreter. 

"  The  enumerators  in  cities,  in  filling  schedule  3,  shall  write  the  following  note  at 
the  end,  as  prescribed  by  the  assistant  director:  '  This  person  is  a  resident  of  this 
city,  does  not  lease  but  owns  the  cattle,  and  has  cultivated  the  crops  specified.*  " 

All  these  instructions  were  drafted  in  response  to  the  ui^nt  needs  of  this  office 
and  in  accordance  with  consultations  on  the  subject  with  Mr.  Olmsted,  Assistant 
Director  of  the  Census,  who  attended  to  them  with  the  greatest  efficiency,  and  which 
it  would  be  tedious  to  detail. 

Interpreting  the  instructions  to  the  supervisors,  paragraph  IV,  I  considered  that  the 
supervisor  should  go  over  the  ground,  which  opinion  I  communicated  to  Mr.  Olmsted 
under  date  of  October  2,  and  requested  the  appointment  of  an  agent  to  leave  in  the 
office,  which  was  authorized,  and  I  imi^ediately  appointed  Mr.  Manuel  Breton 
Fajardo.  The  secretary  and  myself  therefore  left  on  October  20  to  visit  all  the  enu- 
meration districts  of  the  municipal  district  of  Puerto  Principe,  in  the  following 
manner: 

The  secretary,  Mr.  Marquez  Sterling,  went  over  the  districts  corresponding  to  the 
wards  of  Caobillas,  Magarabomba,  Quemado  de  Jimiru,  Limones,  and  Guanaja. 

I  visited  the  remaining  wards  of  the  district,  that  is  those  of  Sibanicu,  Cascorro, 
Quaimaro,  Ecuador,  Contramaestre,  Yeguas,  and  San  Geronimo. 

We  left  on  the  20th  and  returned  on  the  28th.  This  inspection  was  careful  and 
exact.  We  corrected  all  the  errors  in  the  schedules  in  what  had  already  been  writ- 
ten by  the  enumerators,  repeating  all  the  explanations  made  in  the  office  of  the 
supervisor. 

This  inspection  presented,  furthermore,  some  difficulties,  because  it  was  necessary 
to  make  the  entire  trip  on  horseback  on  account  of  the  lack  of  means  of  conmiunica- 
tion  with  said  wards  of  any  kind. 

Knowing  that  the  Assistant  Director  was  going  to  visit  this  district  on  his  way  from 
Santiago  de  Cuba,  I  went  to  Nuevitas,  where  I  had  a  long  interview  with  Mr.  Olm- 
sted on  October  31,  showing  him  the  work  of  the  enumerators  of  Nuevitas,  which  he 
approved. 

Until  receiving  the  approval  of  Mr.  Olmsted,  my  guide  had  been  the  work  done 
and  the  fidelity  with  which  I  had  interpreted  the  instructions.  I  also  referred  to 
other  matter  with  Mr.  Olmsted,  which  he  very  kindly  explained  to  me,  authorizing 
me  to  subdivide  the  districts  which  I  feared  could  not  be  concluded  on  the  30th  of 
November. 

And  I  was  very  soon  compelled  to  subdivide  district  No.  113  with  the  Nos.  133 
and  134,  and  No.  114  with  No.  135— positions  which  were  filled  by  enumerators  who 


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644  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

had   concladed   other  dis^cta   to  my  aatiflfauTtion,  and  believing  thai  by  sodi 
appointments  I  was  doing  an  act  of  jnstice  within  the  limits  of  the  instroctioDs. 

The  preparation  of  the  adboonts  of  the  enumerators,  the  examination,  line  by  line, 
of  all  the  work  sobmitted  by  the  enumerators,  obliging  them  to  rranake  what  was 
deficient,  and  the  correction  and  avoidance  of  errors  and  duplications  in  taking  the 
census,  was  my  principal  task  from  now  on,  being  assisted  from  the  23d  of  November 
by  an  assistant  granted  me  by  Mr.  Olmsted  to  the  10th  of  Dec^nber.  It  a^rded 
me  great  satisfaction  to  be  able  to  telegraph  to  the  assistant  director  of  the  ceoaas 
on  November  30  that  the  taking  of  the  census  in  this  province  was  concluded. 

After  the  30th  of  November  this  office  continued  its  work  of  correcting  the  taking 
of  the  census,  which  I  can  assure  you  was  done  with  the  greatest  haste  and  activity 
possible,  and  which  was  concluded  very  rapidly  when  it  is  taken  into  considera- 
tion that  this  office  had  a  very  small  personnel,  only  increased  by  the  assistant  or 
delegate  to  whom  I  have  made  reference.  But  I  must  state  that  even  this  agent,  as 
may  be  seen  from  this  report,  was  at  my  services  for  a  certain  number  of  days  only, 
and  therefore  the  greater  part  of  the  time  this  office  had  only  the  work  of  the 
employees  authorised  by  the  instructions. 

Finally,  upon  being  advised  that  this  office  would  be  honored  with  your  visit,  I 
went  to  Nuevitas,  where  you  arrived  the  8th,  visiting  the  offices  on  the  9th  and  lOth. 
This  office  scrupulously  complied  with  all  the  orders  you  gave. 

To  resume  this  report  and  to  fulfill  in  other  respects  the  instructions  contained  in 
the  communication  of  the  assistant  director  of  November  9,  I  shall  briefly  refer  to 
thetdifficultiee  encountered  by  this  office  relating  to  schedule  No.  3,  because  there 
were  no  difficulties  of  importance  in  schedules  Nos.  1  and  2. 

But  I  find  that  these  difficulties  were  stated  with  sufficient  force  and  deamess  in 
my  communication  ^f  December  18,  addressed  to  Mr.  Olmsted,  from  which  I  take 
the  following  paragraphs: 

'*  With  regard  to  schediUe  No.  3,  I  must  inform  you  that  it  is  the  one  which  has 
presented  more  difficulties  for  its  compilation,  due  to  the  fact  that  many  estates  are 
abandoned  and  that  the  country  is  depopulated,  for  which  reason  all  the  data  could 
not  be  procured  from  the  neighbors. 

''Another  difficulty  was  that  of  fixing  the  superficial  area  of  many  estates,  even 
when  their  owners  lived  thereon,  on  account  of  the  ^hadmdas  comunenu;*  and  in 
order  to  show  the  reason  in  such  cases  why  it  is  not  possible  to  give  the  superficial 
area,  I  take  the  liberty  of  informing  you  what  are  understood  in  this  country  by 
'haciendas  comuneras.' 

"By  *haciendaB  comuneras*  are  known  the  grants  of  land  which  the  government 
or  state  had  been  makJng  up  to  the  beginning  of  the  century. 

' '  Taking  a  certain  place  as  the  center,  the  government  granted  the  ground  contained 
within  a  circle  drawn  around  this  center  with  a  radius  of  1  or  2  leagues,  aooord- 
ing  as  to  whether  the  grant  was  for  the  raising  of  huge  or  small  cattie.  This  dicle 
was  not  really  measured,  and  the  owner  was  satisfied  with  knowing  that  the  ground 
for  2  leagues  around  belonged  to  him. 

"More  grants  would  be  made,  and  it  was  so  frequently  the  case  that  it  might  be 
said  it  was  the  rule  that  between  the  two  points  fixed  as  centers  there  was  not  the 
distance  requisite,  and  that  therefore  one  estate  encroached  upon  another,  one  cir- 
cumference crossing  the  other. 

"This  was  ignored  until  an  owner  desired  to  really  measure  his  grant  or  estate,  and 
rules  have  been  issued  in  the  matter  in  order  to  balance  the  rights  of  these  abutting 
owners.  On  the  other  hand,  the  owner  of  an  estate  gave  it  an  arbitrary  value  in 
pesos,  and  he  afterwards  surrendered  a  certain  nmnber  of  pesos,  which  are  called  'of 
possession'  and  which  represent  an  aUquot  part  of  the  ground  belonging  totba 
estate  on  the  day  it  should  be  surveyed,  being  separated  from  the  neighboring  ones. 
The  total  area  could  not  be  known  because  it  was  a  very  rare  exception  that  the  area 
which  had  been  given  it  was  not  reduced  by  other  grants. 


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APPENDIX   VII.  645 

"  The  result  is  that  the  owner  of  an  undivided  estate  does  not  know  how  much 
ground  belongs  to  him,  and  it  is  still  less  known  by  the  individuals  who  bought  'pesos 
of  possession' — ^that  is,  the  part  which  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  pesos  at  which 
the  estate  had  been  valued  a  century  ago  corresponds  to  the  number  of  pesos  bought 
The  confusion  is  increased  by  the  fact  that  almost  always  it  is  unknown  at  what 
number  of  pesos  the  original  owner  of  the  estate  appraised  it 

"This  can  not  be  known  until  the  survey  of  the  entire  estate  is  made  juHicially, 
fixing  its  bounds  with  the  adjoining  estates  and  afterwards  subdividing  or  distribut- 
ing it  among  all  those  proving -that  they  possess  '}>esos  of  possession.' '' 

In  view  of  the  above  the  supervisor  could  not  demand  the  enumerators  to  answer 
in  an  exact  manner,  in  caballerias  and  cordeles,  the  area  of  the  undivided  estates. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THB  TERBITORT  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 

In  accordance  with  the  communication  of  the  Assistant  Pirector  of  the  Census, 
dated  November  9, 1  here  give  a  brief  description  of  the  territory  of  my  district,  mak- 
ing as  many  observations  as  possible  without  being  considered  an  exact  study,  for 
which  I  would  not  have  time. 

Acconting  to  the  official  data  of  the  last  Government,  the  province  of  Puerto 
Principe  is' situated  between  73®  W  and  75**  25'  of  longitude  west  of  the  meridian  of 
the  observatory  of  Madrid  and  20**  38^  and  23**  23'  of  latitude  north.  It  has  an  area 
of  24,000  square  kilometers. 

It  is  situated  more  or  less  in  the  center  of  the  island.  During  the  period  of  the 
conquest  the  island  was  divided  into  two  r^ons,  the  Eastern  and  Western,  with  their 
capitals  in  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Habana,  respectively;  Puerto  Principe  therefore 
belonged  almost  entirely  to  the  latter  region.  Later  the  island  was  divided  into  three 
departments,  the  Western,  Central,  and  Eastern,  and  their  capitals  were  Habana, 
Puerto  Principe,  and  Santiago  de  Cuba,  and  it  was  not  until  April  10,  1868,  that  the 
island  was  divided  into  six  provinces,  one  of  them  being  Puerto  Principe. 

The  climate  is  temperate,  which  makes  living  more  agreeable  than  other  territories 
of  the  island,  which  are  exceedingly  hot 

Jhe  province  of  Puerto  Principe  presents  irregularly  the  appearance  of  a  geometrical 
figure,  a  trapezium,  running  from  east  to  west. 

Its  coasts  on  the  north  consist  of  large,  sandy  plains,  with  some  swampy  grounds, 
called  ** sigiumeaa**  in  this  country. 

On  the  southern  coast  the  ground  is  variable,  and  mostly  covered  with  a  tree  which 
usually  grows  on  the  coasts,  and  which  it  is  said  has  medicinal  \drtues,  called  **  man- 
gle.'' Intricate  marshes  also  abound,  which  are  a  characteristic  of  said  coast  and 
which  appear  in  very  reduced  proportions  on  the  north  coast. 

The  entire  region  is  very  level,  containing  large  plains  or  level  lands,  uncultivated, 
without  trees  and  woods,  and  with  pasture  grounds  for  the  breeding  of  cattle. 

The  rains  are  torrential  during  the  spring,  causing  great  fissures,  which  are  dry  in 
winter,  but  which  acquire  a  fearful  impetuosity  with  their  torrents  in  summer. 

The  rivers  irrigate  all  the  lands  perfectly,  and  although  they  can  not  be  said  to 
carry  much  water,  they  make  the  land  sufficiently  fertile  for  the  requirements  of 
agriculture. 

The  serpentine  rock  predominates  in  its  geological  formation,  and  with  regard  to 
its  hydrological  formation  it  has  a  series  of  rivers  which,  rising  from  the  principal . 
divisive,  empty  into  the  seas  on  the  north  and  south. 

With  regard  to  the  agricultural  conditions  of  the  land,  more  than  two-thirds  of  the 
province  of  Puerto  Principe  may  be  advantageously  used  for  all  kinds  of  crops. 

Especially  toward  the  south  the  lands  are  magnificent,  but,  nevertheless,  they  are 
completely  abandoned.  All  the  residents  of  those  regions  await  as  the  supreme 
enterprise  and  the  realization  of  future  wealth  and  comfort  the  immediate  establish- 
ment of  the  railroad  between  Puerto  Principe  and  Santa  Cruz  del  Sur,  which  would 


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646  REPORT  OK  THE   0EK8U8   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

in  reality  solve  many  problems  in  agricultore  in  this  province  as  well  as  its  commerce, 
immediately  increasing  the  importance  of  this  capital. 

CHAKACTKR  OF  THB  POPULATION. 

The  people  are  very  energetic,  naturally  intelligent,  decided  lovers  of  their  country 
and  liberty,  and  distinguished  by  their  pacific  customs  and  application  to  order  and 
work.  They  have  faith  in  the  protecting  Government  which  offers  it  its  future  inde- 
pendence; and  with  regard  hereto  I  may  add  that,  influenced  by  that  same  faith,  they 
have  not  opposed  any  obstacles  to  the  prejudice  of  any  action  taken  by  the  Govern- 
ment, having  had  so  much  faith  in  the  taking  of  the  census,  as  a  preliminary  step  to 
a  political  change,  that  there  was  not  one  case  in  any  enumeration  district  in  which 
the  enumerator  was  denied  admittance  or  where  the  inhabitants  refused  to  give  the 
exact  data. 

The  case  occurred  several  times  of  a  person  going  enormous  distances  to  inform  the 
enumerator  of  his  district  that  he  did  not  enumerate  him  for  a  certain  cause. 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  people  te  return  to  their  forming,  to  the  reconstruction  of 
their  estates,  to  the  care  and  progress  of  their  cultivation.  And  a  people  always 
ready  to  make  sacrifices  for  their  liberty,  firm  and  brave,  are  always  the  first  to  seek 
happiness  and  comfort  in  peace. 

The  state  of  poverty  of  this  province  is  really  distressing,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  the  people  of  the  country  use  all  their^  efforts  to  obtain  resources  to  begin  work; 
and  it  should  be  said,  with  regard  to  the  pacific  and  loyal  character  of  the  people  of 
this  province,  that  Spaniards  live  in  the  rural  districts  who  took  a  cruel  part  in  the 
revolution  against  the  Cubans,  and  that,  nevertheless,  their  lives  and  estates  are  per- 
fectly secure. 

THB  ENUMERATOBS. 

The  number  of  enumerators  employed  was  132,  who  worked  in  135  enumeration 
districts.  There  were  three  of  them  women,  as  I  have  already  stated.  Miss  Maria 
Teresa  Guerra  deserves  special  mention,  her  work  having  been  done  with  zeal,  cor- 
rectness, and  care. 

Of  the  other  enumerators  I  may  say,  in  a  general  way,  that  I  am  satisfied  with 
their  work  and  with  their  morality  and  intellectuality,  with  some  rare  ezceptioDS 
when  I  had  to  require  some  enumerator  to  fulfill  his  duty.  But  of  them  I  can  and 
believe  it  my  duty  to  recommend  the  following  as  especially  worthy  of  mention  with 
regard  to  their  work:  Jose  Masdival,  Antonio  Vilardell,  Francisco  Sotomayor,  Javier 
Hernandez,  Romualdo  Varona,  Ulpiano  Rodriguez,  Carlos  Baldarrain,  Alvaro  Silva, 
Manuel  Cortes,  Jose  Garcini,  Rafael  Peron,  Norberto  Primelles,  Angel  Diaz  Guzman, 
Ramon  Anglada,  Maria  Teresa  Guerra,  Rolando  Ramos,  Eugenio  J^  de  Mola,  Mimael 
Breton,  Jose  Fernandez,  Rogelio  Z.  Bazan,  Rogelio  Freyre,  Octavio  Oquendo  Loi, 
Luis  M.  Cordoba,  Enrique  L.  de  Mola,  J.  Antonio  Miranda,  Miguel  Perozo,  Mario 
Garcini,  Graciano  Betancourt,  Ulises  Cosio,  Grabriel  Barreras,  Manuel  Pradas,  Alonso 
Martinez,  Francisco  Pichardo,  Enrique  Boza,  Emilio  Torres,  Filiberto  Pichardo, 
Arturo  Guzman,  Antonio  Naranjo,  Jose  Acosta,  Alberto  Guzman,  Manuel  Al\'izuri, 
Natalio  Peron. 

I  conclude  this  report  upon  receiving  the  order  to  leave  for  Washington  after  the 
first  of  January,  from  Habana  or  Cienfuegos. 

Yours,  etc.,  Agustin  H.  AottERo, 

Sapervidor  of  the  Centus  of  Cuba, 

The  DiRBCTOR  OP  the  Census  op  Cuba, 

Washington,  D,  C. 

(Through  Assistant  Director.) 


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APPENDIX  VIII.  647 


APPENDIX  VUI. 

Census  op  Cuba,  Office  of  the  Supervisor, 

Province  of  SarUa  Clara,  December  SI,  1899, 

Sir:  On  the  21st  of  July  last  I  received  a  telegram  from  General  Wilson,  notifying 
me  that  I  had  been  appointed  supervisor  of  the  census  of  the  province,  and  inform- 
ing me  that  I  was  required  to  report  at  Washington  on  the  10th  of  August  to  the 
Director  of  the  Census  for  instructions. 

In  Washington,  where  I  arrived  on  the  10th,  I  received  instructions  from  the 
board  of  the  census  of  the  United  States,  having  had  several  interviews  with  the 
Assistant  Director  and  the  other  members  of  the  board.  Fully  instructed  in  the  prepa- 
ration of  the  schedules  of  population,  schools,  and  agriculture,  which  were  to  be 
filled  in  Cuba,  I  returned  from  Washington  on  the  26th  of  the  same  month. 

In  Habana,  together  with  Mr.  Victor  H.  Olmsted,  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census 
of  Cuba,  we  devoted  ourselves  to  the  division  of  the  province  into  districts  of  enu- 
meration, taking  as  a  basis  for  the  census  the  old  municipal  districts. 

As  there  does  not  exist  in  Cuba  any  register  which  could  give  us  an  exact  knowl- 
edge of  the  limits  and  bounds  of  the  different  municipal  districts  and  their  wards,  I 
addressed  the  28  municipal  mayors  of  the  province,  requesting  them  to  send  me  such 
plans  as  they  might  have  of  their  districts  and  wards. 

Unfortunately,  although  some  of  the  mayors  could  send  plans  of  their  districts, 
there  were  very  few  indeed  who  could  send  plans  of  their  wards,  sending  only  a 
short  statement  of  the  limits  of  the  same,  but  without  indicating  directions  or 
distances. 

It  was  indispensable,  therefore,  to  cure  this  deficiency  of  information  with  the 
appointment  of  enumerators  who  should  practically  know  the  limits  of  the  wards  or 
districts  of  enumeration,  the  names  of  the  plantations,  that  of  their  owners,  and 
even  the  superficial  area  of  each  one;  and  this  consideration  governed  me  in  the 
appointment  of  the  enumerators  for  the  rural  districts. 

The  appointment  of  the  enumerators,  which  at  first  eight  did  not  appear  to  offer 
any  difficulties,  was  difficult  and  even  vexatious  in  practice.  This  was  due  to  the 
large  number  of  applicants,  to  the  imposition  of  certain  elements  which,  supported 
by  a  small  portion  of  the  press,  believed  that  they  only  had  a  right  to  be  appointed, 
and  to  the  state  of  paralysis  of  business  in  which  this  province  is  at  present,  which 
makes  office  seeking  to  a  certain  point  necessary,  because  the  energies  and  activities 
of  a  large  number  of  intelligent  young  men  having  large  families  do  not  find  appU- 
cation,  and  they  have,  therefore,  a  hard  fight  for  existence. 

However,  without  taking  these  requirements  into  consideration,  the  undersigned 
supervisor,  closing  his  eyes  to  the  suggestions  of  cx)rporations  or  friends,  devoted 
himself  to  seeking  in  the  enumerators  morality,  qualifications,  and  knowledge  of 
the  locality,  which  was  especially  recommended  by  the  regulations;  and  if  he 
made  a  mistake  sometimes  it  was  because  in  the  rural  districts,  for  the  reasons 
already  stated,  he  preferred  a  full  knowledge  of  the  region  to  great  fitness. 

Desiring  to  insure  success,  he  delivered  to  every  rural  enumerator  a  precise  state- 
ment, which  is  attached  to  this  report,  of  the  names  of  the  estates  located  in  his 
district,  the  names  of  their  owners,  and  the  superficial  area  of  the  same  as  a  guide 
and  for  purposes  of  correction  in  case  the  information  furnished  by  the  individuals 
concerned  should  not  appear  clear  and  conclusive;  and  for  this  reason  there  appeared 
in  the  schedules  of  agriculture  many  estates  which  either  did  not  appear  in  the 
municipal  assessments  or  appeared  as  having  a  smaller  area,  a  fraud  intended  exclu- 
sively during  the  last  regime  to  pay  the  lowest  tax  possible. 


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648  BEPOBT  OK  THE  CEN8U8  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

OBOGBAPHICAl.  DBCBIPnOH   OF  THX  PBOTIHCB. 

The  province  of  Santa  Clara  u  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  old  cuud  c^  Buhama, 
on  the  east  by  the  province  of  Poerto  Principe^  on  the  sooth  by  the  Sea  of  the 
Antilles,  and  on  tlie  west  by  the  province  of  Matanaw, 

Its  principal  cities  are  Santa  Clara,  the  capital,  situated  in  the  interior  <^  the  prov- 
ince, with  14,683  inhabitants,  and  66,273  in  the  jodidal  district;  Cienfnegoe,  with 
30,041,  and  108,767  in  the  entire  jodidal  district;  Sagoa,  with  13,183,  and  58,749  in 
the  entire  jodidal  district;  San  Joan  de  los  Bemedios,  with  6,634,  and  72,599  in  the 
entire  jodidal  district;  Trinidad,  with  11,721,  and  24,342  in  the  entire  jodidlal  dis- 
trid;  and  Sancti  Spiritos,  with  12,666,  and  25,700  in  the  entire  jodidal  district,  mak- 
ing a  total  in  the  province  of  356,430  inhabitants. 

The  province  of  Santa  Clara,  one  of  the  laigest  in  the  island,  and  the  most  popu- 
lated after  that  of  Habana,  offered  many  difficolties  for  the  aiomeration,  as  the 
intricate  hills  of  Trinidad  are  sitoated  there,  most  noteworthy  being  the  Pico  del 
Potrerillo,  La  Cabeza  del  Moerto,  La  Sigoanea,  Pico  Blanco,  and  Cocorocho.  There 
are  also  sitoated  there  the  sierras  of  Sancti  Spiritos,  from  which  the  si^raa  of  La 
Gloria  and  Banao  branch  off;  the  hills  of  Santa  Clara,  where  we  find  the  craggy 
sierras  of  Oscambray,  containing  rich  mines  of  copper  and  asphalt,  and  the  hill  d 
Manicaragna;  the  hills  of  San  Joan  de  los  Bemedios,  from  which  the  aema  oi 
Bomboranao  rise,  containing  rich  deposits  of  kaolin,  etc ;  and  in  the  judicial  district 
of  Sagoa  la  Grande,  the  Sierra  Morena,  which  occupies  almost  the  entire  north  coast 
from  the  Palma  River  to  the  barrio  of  Sitiedto,  belonging  to  the  monidpal  district 
of  Sagoa. 

On  the  other  hand,  on  the  north  coast  from  the  Palma  River  to  the  month  of  the 
Sagoa  la  Grande  River,  and  from  this  point  to  very  near  San  Joan  de  los  Bemedios, 
there  are  a  large  nomber  of  oabaUerias  of  marshy  land  which  are  crossed  with  great 
difficolty  during  the  rainy  season. 

And  on  the  Southern  coast  we  find  the  famous  swamp  of  SSapata,  very  extensive 
and  dangerooB,  extending  from  the  Bay  of  La  Broa  to  Caimanera,  aboot  39  leagoes 
long  and  from  4  to  6  leagues  wide,  in  some  points  9  leagues  wide.  Situated  in  this 
swamp  and  between  it  and  the  soothem  coast  there  are  several  laige  plantations 
which  it  was  necessary  to  visit. 

It  is  only  possible  to  enter  the  swamp  by  the  soothem  coast  by  two  or  three  very 
shallow  ports,  the  principal  one  being  that  of  the  estate  of  Santa  Teresa,  called  to-day 
LaMaqoina. 

By  the  northern  coast  it  may  be  said  that  there  exists  only  one  entrance  to  the 
swamp  in  the  province  of  Santa  Clara.  It  is  called  Callejon  de  los  Goiros.  Bot  in 
order  to  reach  this  pass  there  are  only  four  practicable  roads. 

1.  That  of  San  Pedro,  a  difficult  road  on  account  of  the  flow  from  the  swamp,  the 
bad  stone  bottom,  and  pita,  very  dangerous  both  for  men  and  horses,  some  of  them 
being  from  4  to  6  yards  deep.    The  length  of  this  road  is  5  leagues,  2  J  of  them  water. 

2.  The  entrance  called  De  los  Ratones,  from  the  plantation  Pamplona  to  that  of 
San  Bias,  2  leagues  are  under  water;  but  during  the  month  of  November  it  was  not 
possible  for  any  enumerator  to  cross  it  on  account  of  its  bad  condition,  the  pits  and 
holes  being  filled  with  water. 

3.  The  entrance  of  Buenavista,  from  the  plantation  of  Orbea  to  that  of  San  Bias, 
Si  leagues  are  under  water  and  2  leagues  impassable  on  account  of  the  stones  and 
numerous  pits.  It  is  only  possible  to  go  around  them,  and  that  only  in  time  of  very 
dry  weather. 

4.  The  entrance  through  Cayo  Navarro  to  Cayo  Grande  and  Cocodrilo;  in  a  space 
of  2J  leagues  it  is  only  possible  to  go  through  it  on  foot  or  in  canoes. 

The  pass  of  Los  Guiros  has  1^  leagues  under  water  filled  with  rocks  and  pits,  but 
during  the  month  of  November  last,  by  reason  of  the  abundant  rains  of  October,  this 


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APPENDIX  vm.  649 

entrance,  which  is  doubtless  the  best  one,  had  8  leagues  of  water,  from  the  plantation 
of  Nicolas  to  that  of  San  Bias. 

In  order  to  cross  the  swamp  from  the  north  coast  to  the  south  coast  there  is 
another  entrance  called  Nicolas  and  Cocodrilo,  which  is  I  league  under  water  and 
4  leagues  of  stones,  declivities,  and  coral. 

In  order  to  go  through  these  entrances  on  horseback  it  is  necessary  to  wrap  the 
horses  from  their  heads  to  their  knees  with  pieces  of  hard  leather,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent them  injuring  themselves  against  the  points  of  the  coral,  called  ''dog's  teeth," 
and  so  that  they  may  endure  the  journey,  which,  by  reason  of  the  nature  of  the 
ground,  is  necessarily  slow  and  arduous,  as  well  as  very  unpleasant  on  account  of  the 
numerous  mosquitoes  in  the  swamp. 

The  distances  to  be  covered  in  order  to  visit  the  swamp  are  from  the  plantation  of 
Nicolas  to  that  of  Maniadero,  30  leagues  from  the  north;  but  from  the  south  coast 
there  are  40  leagues,  the  trip  being  rendered  more  difficult  on  account  of  the  numer- 
ous lakes,  ponds,  and  pits  which  it  is  necessary  to  cross. 

FOOD  FOR   PBOPLB  AND  HOBSIB. 

For  the  men  it  is  necessary  to  carry  the  provisions  along,  because  the  natives  (who 
are  the  only  ones  who  can  live  there)  live  exclusively  on  crocodile  tails  (?),  mud 
turtles,  agouti  (Indian  rats),  and  honey. 

To  feed  the  horses,  it  is  necessary  to  cut  leaves  from  the  trees  until  the  plantation 
of  Jegui  is  reached,  where  there  is  some  vegetation;  but  from  there  to  the  Maquina, 
near  the  entrance  of  Santa  Teresa,  by  the  plantation  of  Santo  Tomas,  in  a  space  of  7 
leagues  to  San  Lazaro,  nothing  is  found  but  hills  and  seashore,  and  it  is  necessary  to 
cut  leaves  from  the  trees  to  feed  animals. 

The  principal  rivers  which  cross  the  province  of  Santa  Clara  are,  in  the  northern 
portion,  the  Sagua  la  Grande,  navigable  for  a  distance  of  27  kilometers;  the  Sagua  la 
Chica,  and  the  Jatibonico  del  Norte,  and,  in  the  southern  portion,  the  Jatibonico 
del  Sur,  the  Zaza,  Hagabama,  Arimao,  Caunao,  Salado,  and  Damiji,  the  latter  navi- 
IKable  for  a  distance  of  27  kilometers  (the  last  four  rivers  emptying  into  the  beautiful 
port  of  Cienfuegoe),  and  the  Hanabana,  which  rises  in  the  lakes  of  Mordazo  and  emp- 
ties in  the  lake  of  Tesoro,  and,  finally,  the  river  Hatiguanico,  which,  rising  in  the  lake 
of  Tesoro,  crosses  the  Zapata  swamp  and  empties  in  the  bay  of  La  Broa. 

The  principal  ports  of  the  province  are,  on  the  north  coast,  Isabela  de  Sagua  and 
Caibarien,  and,  on  the  south  coast.  Tunas  de  Zaza,  Casilda,  and  the  famous  port  of 
Jagua,  or  Cienfuegos,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world. 

THB  ENUMBRATION. 

On  the  16th  of  October,  without  any  portfolios  in  which  to  keep  their  schedules, 
the  enumerators  of  the  town  districts  set  out  upon  their  work. 

The  19th,  20th,  21st,  22d,  23rd,  24th  of  the  same  month,  as  they  received  their  port- 
folios, the  enumerators  of  the  rural  districts  began  their  work. 

DIFFICUmiBS  OF  THB  BNUMBRATION. 

By  reason  of  the  opposition  of  a  small  portion  of  the  press,  the  enumeration  began 
with  the  suspicion  and  mistrust  of  many  inhabitants,  some  of  whom  saw  in  the  cen- 
sus a  certain  political  end  and  others  a  determined  basis  on  which  to  base  new 
taxation. 

But  we  are  happy  to  say  here  that  this  mistrust  and  passive  resistance  disappeared 
very  soon,  by  virtue  of  the  persuasive  propaganda  of  the  enumerators  themselves, 
who  informed  the  public  of  the  regulations  and  the  penalties  which  would  be 
incurred  by  the  enumerators  who  consented  to  concealments,  and  especially  con- 


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650  HEPOM?  ON  THE  CEKStTS   OP  OTTBA,  1899. 

vincing  them  of  the  importance  for  the  future  good  organixation  of  the  country  of  t 
correct  cenmis  of  population  and  exact  statLstica  as  to  the  state  of  the  public  wealth 
and  public  instruction  of  the  country.  And  the  enthusiasm  or  the  fear  was  so  great 
that  more  than  200  individuals  appeared  to  be  recorded  of  their  own  will  who  had 
been  absent  from  their  homes  for  some  reason  or  other  on  the  day  of  the  enumeration. 
Boon  after  the  beginning  of  the  census  there  occurred  a  rain  and  wind  storm,  which 
lasted  thirteen  dayi9  in  some  localities,  embarrassing  the  journey  of  the  rural  ennmer- 
ators,  the  rivers  swelling  and  the  ground  being  soaked  to  such  an  extent  that  several 
enumerators,  for  this  reason,  which  they  duly  entered  in  their  daily  reports  of  their 
work,  recorded  a  small  number  of  persons  and  agricultural  schedules;  and  as  a  gen- 
eral rule  it  may  be  said  that  if  the  enumerators  of  the  rural  districts  fulfilled  tiieir 
duty  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  supervisor,  it  is  surely  due  to  the  knowledge  each  one 
had  of  the  ground  to  which  he  was  assigned;  because  the  war  which  depopulated 
the  country  of  men  and  animals,  the  fires  which  ruined  all  crops,  fences,  and  roads, 
and  the  abundant  vegetation  of  the  Torrid  Zone,  obliterated  the  limits  which  sepa- 
rated the  wards  from  each  other;  and,  nevertheless,  there  were  only  two  cases  where 
an  enumerator  of  the  district  of  Quemado  de  Guines  made  a  mistake  in  the  district, 
having  entered  an  abandoned  estate  as  belonging  to  said  district,  when  the  fact  was 
that  a  part  thereof — 18  caballeriag — belongs  to  the  municipal  district  of  Kancho  Veloz. 
The  other  case  was  that  of  an  enumerator  of  Vueltas  who  entered  two  estates  of  the 
municipal  district  of  Remedios. 

THK   ENUMERATOR  OF  THE   EASTERN   PART  OF  THE   ZAFATA   SWAMP  J 

Up  to  the  9th  of  November,  by  reason  of  the  heavy  rains  of  the  latter  part  of 
October,  it  ^as  impossible  to  find  a  man  who  for  $10  per  day  would  enumerate  the 
few  inhabitants  who  live  in  the  swamp  of  Zapata.  Finally  Mr.  Pedro  Nunez  prom- 
ised to  go  over  the  swamp  and  turn  in  his  work  on  the  30th  of  November,  which 
he  religiously  fulfilled. 

WOMEN    EMPLOYED    IN   THK   CENSUS. 

Fifty-eight  women  were  employed  as  enumerators  of  the  census,  and  all  have  ful- 
filled their  duty  very  conscientiously  and  with  great  cleanliness  and  exactness,  the 
following  deserving  special  mention:  Misses  Manuela  Chavez  y  Clotilde  Silva,  of 
Santa  Clara;  Flora  Ramos  y  Juana  Monzon  y  Aguirre,  of  Cienfuegos;  Teresa  Mestre 
and  Elvira  Cabana,  of  Trinidad;  Luisa  Herrada,  of  Remedios;  Maria  Weis  and  Fran- 
cisca  del  Valle  Gonzalez,  of  Sancti  Spiritus. 

We  also  had  Mrs.  Agueda  Valdes  Aday,  widow  of  Leza,  as  an  enumerator  of  the 
second  rural  district  of  San  Juan  de  los  Yeras,  who  presented  14  schedules  of  popu- 
lation and  130  of  agriculture,  rendering  a  perfectly  exact,  minute,  and  clean  work. 
This  lady  went  out  to  enumerate  her  district  on  horseback,  accompanied  by  her 
10-year-old  son. 

ENUMERATORS   EMPLOYED. 

The  enumerators  employed  in  the  census  of  the  province  of  Santa  Clara  are  dis- 
tributed by  judicial  districts  in  the  following  manner: 

Judicial  district  of  Santa  Clara 79 

Judicial  district  of  Cienfuegos 113 

Judicial  district  of  Sagua  la  Grande 63 

Judicial  district  of  San  Juan  de  los  Remedios .„ 75 

Judicial  district  of  Trinidad 21 

Judicial  district  of  Sancti  Spiritus 31 

Total 382 

^  The  western  part  was  enumerated  by  Sixto  Agramonte. 


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APPENDIX   VIII,  651 

GROUNDS   PRBPARBD   POR  RAISING   TOBACCO. 

The  rains  during  th«  last  fifteen  days  of  October  unfortunately  destroyed  the  seeds 
of  the  early  tobacco  and  wet  the  guilds  prepared  for  the  sowing  of  tobacco  excess- 
ively; the  sowing  had  not  taken  place  when  the  work  of  the  census  was  begun;  had 
they  been,  the  agriculture  schedules  would  make  a  better  showing  than  they  do,  for 
we  know  that  during  the  last  days  of  November  and  the  first  twenty-five  of  this 
month,  an  enormous  amount  of  settings  of  tobacco  have  been  laid  out  in  this  province, 
the  production  of  which,  if  the  weather  continues  favorable,  will  not  be  less  than 
220,000  quintals. 

And  it  may  be  said  that  one-third  of  the  future  tobacco  crops  will  be  the  result  of 
the  individual  efforts  of  the  Cuban  farmer]  because,  if  the  agriculture  schedules  are 
carefully  examined,  it  will  be  se^i  that  only  a  very  small  number  of  estates  own  a 
yoke  of  oxen  to  prepare  the  ground,  the  farmer  having  been  obliged  to  till  >the 
ground  with  his  hands,  a  ground  which  is  hard  and  knotty,  as  is  that  of  Cuba. 

And  it  may  also  be  said  that  it  is  noticed  in  a  majority^  of  cases  that  these  animals 
mentioned  in  schedule  No.  3  have  been  furnished  by  capitalists  of  the  cities,  who 
charge  as  hire  for  the  same  one-third  of  the  gross  product  of  tobacco  and  com  they 
grow. 

Consequently,  if  things  go  on  as  they  are  going,  the  evils  of  the  last  r^me  will 
continue  in  Cuba,  when  the  case  was  that  the  owner  was  nothing  but  the  manager, 
without  salary,  of  his  estate.  And  if  it  is  desired  to  permit  agriculture  in  Cuba  to 
enter  upon  an  era  of  reconstruction,  it  will  be  indispensable  to  give  small  landowners 
means  of  securing  the  capital  necessary  to  purchase  oxen  and  implements. 

ASSISTANCE  OF  THE  AUTHORITIES. 

By  reason  of  the  judicial  districts  of  Sancti  Spiritus  and  Trinidad  being  located 
at  a  great  distance  from  this  city,  the  case  often  occurred  that  certificates  going  and 
coming  from  there  took  seven  days.  It  was  necessary  therefore,  in  order  to  fulfill 
the  demands  which  were  being  made  for  schedule  No.  3,  to  send  men  on  horseback 
who  could  deliver  the  schedules  and  notices  to  the  enumerators  within  twenty-four 
hours.  Three  trips  were  thus  made  to  Sancti  Spiritus,  one  to  Trini(hul,  one  to 
Fomento,  and  another  to  Placetas.  I  must  here  state  that  Gen.  Jos6  Miguel  Gomez, 
civil  governor  of  the  province,  cheerfully  and  speedily  gave  me  all  the  assistance  1 
requested. 

THE   RURAL   GUARD.   * 

In  all  the  districts,  I 'have  been  told,  the  enumerators  received  from  the  chiefs  of 
the  rural  guard  the  most  spontaneous  and  excellent  assistance. 

In  the  Agnada  de  Pasajeros,  a  ward  of  the  municipal  district  of  Cienfuegos,  the 
captain  of  the  rural  guard,  Mr.  Bernardo  Mirabai;  furnished  the  eight  assistants 
which  it  was  necessary  to  send  there  in  order  to  conclude  the  enumeration  of  that 
ward  as  soon  as  possible  and  the  horses  required  so  that  they  could  fulfill  their  duty. 

THE   NOTICES   AND  SCHEDULE  NO.  3. 

Twice  I  was  out  of  notices  and  schedule  No.  3,  but  I  must  state  that  the  Assistant 
Director  sent  me  from  Habana  or  other  points  those  that  I  required.  I  must  also 
state  here  that  the  undersigned  supervisor  always  found  the  Assistant  Director  well 
disposed  to  explain  doubtful  questions,  and  that  the  advice  given  me  was  always 
useful  for  the  success  of  the  works  of  the  census. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SUPERVISOR. 

With  the  exception  of  a  few  dollars  which  were  invested  during  the  first  days  in 
some  repairs,  this  office  has  not  cost  one  cent  to  the  census  of  Cuba,  because  the 


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652  REPORT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

nndereigned  has  made  use  of  the  office  and  f  umitare  he  had  in  the  palace  of  the  Civil 
Grovemor  as  secretary  of  the  provincial  board  of  agriculture,  industry,  and  commerce 
of  Santa  Clara. 

1  am  glad  to  state  that  we  have  worked  in  this  office  from  7  in  the  morning  to  12 
at  night,  the  time  when  the  electric  light  was  pat  out,  without  excepting  Sandays 
and  holidays.  Only  thus  could  we  keep  up  a  constant  correspondence  with  382 
enumerators,  distributed  over  a  province  which  has  g^ven  more  than  356,000  inhabit- 
ants, as  well  as  keep  up  the  accounting  to  date,  and  have  paid  all  the  enameratonB, 
interpreters,  agents,  etc.,  without  those  delays  which  would  be  inevitable  with  so 
small  a  number  of  employees — a  secretary  and  a  messenger — and  that  office  knows  a 
special  agent  was  added  to  this  office  on  November  2  and  another  on  the  23d  of  the 
same  month. 

REPORIB. 

I  attach  to  this  report,  besides  the  statements  of  the  assessments  of  the  rural  estates 
which  compose  the  wards  of  this  province,  of  which  1  have  already  spoken,  a  general 
report  of  the  census  of  the  province  of  Santa  Clara,  giving  the  names  of  the  enumer- 
ators, houses,  and  families,  and  two  other  statements  giving  the  cattle  existing  in 
each  municipal  district  of  this  province  during  the  years  1895  and  1899,  in  order  that 
they  may  be  used  for  purposes  of  comparison. 

Juan  Bautista  Jimenez, 

Supervisar  of  the  Cauus, 
The  Director  of  the  Census, 

Washington,  D,  C. 
(Through  the  Assistant  Director.) 


APPENDIX  IX. 

Census  of  Cuba,  Office  of  Supervisor, 

Province  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  November  SO,  1899. 
Sir:  Complying  with  your  request  of  the  9th  instant,  in  which  you  asked  me  to 
make  a  detailed  report  of  the  work  of  the  census  in  this  province,  1  have  the  pleasure 
to  inform  you  that  on  the  22d  of  July  I  received  the  appointment  of  supervisor  and 
was  directed  to  report  to  the  Director  of  the  Census,  Washington,  D.  C. 


In  view  of  this  appointment  I  had  to  embark  the  26th  of  July  for  Habana, 
where  the  communications  with  the  United  States  are  much  better  than  from  this 
port,  in  order  to  arrive  punctually  at  Washington  by  the  10th  of  August,  as  I  was 
ordered.  On  Monday,  the  31st  of  the  same  month,  I  embarked  from  Habana  for 
New  York  by  the  steamer  Vigilancia,  going  from  that  city  to  Washington  by  rail, 
and  arriving  on  time.  I  remained  fourteen  days  in  that  capital  and  arrived  at 
Habana  on  the  23d  of  August,  via  Tampa.  I  remained  in  Habana  thirteen  days,  help- 
ing to  prepare  the  subdivision  of  my  province  into  enumeration  districts,  at  the  pro- 
visional office  of  the  census  in  Halmna,  leaving  that  city  Thursday,  September  7,  for 
Santiago  de  Cuba,  where  I  arrived  on  the  11th,  but  was  unable  to  disembark  until 
the  12th,  owing  to  quarantine  regulations.  The  office  had  been  already  opened  at 
No.  32  San  Bainlio  street,  with  the  secretary  and  messenger  in  chaige  since  the  1st  of 
September. 

The  undersigned  supervisor  had,  consequently,  scarcely  a  month  in  which  to 
appoint  the  enumerators,  and,  due  to  the  topography  of  this  province  and  the  lack 
of  communications,  he  could  not,  as  the  other  supervisors  probably  have  done,  go  to 


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APPENDIX   IX.  658 

each  one  of  the  324  enumeration  districto  to  select  as  enumerators  residents  of  those 
places;  it  would  have  required  six  months  to  perform  this  part  of  the  work  alone. 
For  this  reason,  and  having  in  Santiago  de  Cuba  a  great  number  of  capable  persons 
who  were  acquainted  with  the  various  localities  of  this  province  (having  been  engaged 
in  fighting  in  such  localities  during  the  war),  and  seeing  the  lack  of  time  and  the 
imperious  necessity  of  beginning  the  enumeration  in  all  parts  of  the  province  on  the 
16th  of  October,  I  decided  to  select  the  entire  personnel  from  among  these  individuals. 
The  satisfactory  results  were  shown  in  the  practical  operation  of  this  plan,  because 
only  men  in  whom  were  combined  these  qualifications  would  have  been  able  to  with- 
stand two  severe  hurricanes  and  the  crossing  of  swollen  rivers  and  terrible  swamps,  as 
they  had  neither  bridges  nor  roads. 

DESCRIPTION   OF  THE  TBRRITORT  OP  THE   PROVINCE. 

The  territory  of  this  province,  the  most  extensive  and  the  richest  in  woods  and 
minerals  of  the  island,  at  the  same  time  the  most  fertile  and  virgin,  is  comprised  of  a 
tract  225  miles  from  east  to  west,  and  120  miles  from  north  to  south. 

Topographically  considered,  this  province  is  the  most  mountainous.  Here  we  find 
the  most  elevated  mountains  of  Turquino,  Ojo  del  Toro,  and  Gran  Piedra,  to  whose 
precipitous  heights  the  enumerators  have  ascended,  searching  for  a  hut  which  might 
or  might  not  be  inhabited,  these  peaks  being  situated  in  the  Sierra  Maestra,  which 
extends  majestically  and  imposingly  from  Cabo  Cruz  to  beyond  Santiago  de  Cuba  in 
the  direction  of  east  to  west. 

As  a  natural  consequence  of  the  great  elevations  of  this  country,  there  flow  through 
the  deep  canyons  beautiful  rivers,  navigable  for  schooners  their  entire  courses,  or  the 
lai^r  part  thereof,  such  as  the  Cauto,  Contramaestre,  Baconao,  Bayamo,  Toar,  and 
others,  whose  overflows  inundate  and  devastate  the  territory  near  by,  destroying  the 
crops  and  sepulchrating  in  their  tempestuous  currents  each  year,  now  and  then,  some 
imprudent  and  careless  traveler  who  pretends  to  cross  them.  The  rainfall  in  this 
region  is  so  abundant  that  this  year  the  rain  gauge  registered  14^  inches  in  four  days. 

OBOQRAPHICAL  CHARACrBRISTICS. 

The  geographical  characteristics  relating  to  the  orography  of  the  province  have 
been  described  in  the  foregoing  paragraph,  so  there  is  only  to  be  added  some  remarks 
relating  to  ports,  towns,  etc. 

There  is  in  this  province  the  bay  of  Nipe,  of  greater  extension  than  all  those  of  the 
island,  where  some  rivers  empty  into  the  sea,  such  as  the  Cajimaya,  the  Mayarf, 
which  is  navigable  as  far  as  the  town  of  the  same  name,  and  the  river  known  as  the 
Nipe;  also  the  creeks  Juan  Vicente,  8er6n,  and  Centeno.  This  bay,  properly  dredged, 
can  accommodate  any  squadron  which  exists  to-day. 

The  port  or  bay  of  Guantdnamo,  which  is  quite  large,  is  considered  the  third  in 
the  island;  the  rivers  of  Guaso  and  Guantdnamo,  which  carry  a  laige  amount  of 
water,  empty  into  this  bay. 

The  bay  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  entirely  surrounded  and  protected,  and  celebrated 
because  of  the  fact  that  in  the  same  the  Spanish  tyranny  was  destroyed  forever  by 
the  United  States,  receives  the  waters  of  the  following  rivers,  which  are  of  little 
importance:  The  Pftradas,  the  Caimanes,  and  the  Caney.  Among  its  creeks,  there  is 
only  one  worthy  of  mention,  being  the  Yaray6.  The  entrance  to  this  port  is  per- 
fectly clean,  and  if  dredged  it  would  be  of  great  utility  and  shelter  for  the  steamers 
whidh.  cross  the  ocean,  and  which  can  not  at  present  enter  the  bay  if  they  are  vessels 
that  draw  a  very  large  amount  of  water,  due  to  the  large  shoal  which  is  found  at  the 
entrance,  leaving  only  a  narrow  canal,  difficult  and  dangerous  to  enter  without  the 
help  of  good  pilots. 

There  is  yet  to  be  mentioned  all  the  bays  and  ports  in  this  province  in  their  suc- 
cessive order.     ♦    *    ♦ 


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654  REPORT   ON   THE   CENttUB  OF   CUBA,  1899. 

The  principal  citiefi  of  this  province,  in  the  order  of  their  importance,  are  Santiago 
de  Culm,  which  is  the  capital,  Manzanillo,  Gibara,  Holguin,  Goantanamo,  Baracoa, 
Sagoa  de  Tdnamo,  and  Puerto  Padre;  Bayamo  and  Tunas  were  destroyed,  bat  are 
being  reconstructed  slowly;  Jiguanf,  Cobre,  Caney,  and  a  multitude  of  small  towni 
like  these  without  special  importance. 

There  exist  only  three  railroads:  That  of  Cuba  to  KnramadaH  and  Hal  to  Songo; 
that  of  Gibara  to  Holguin  (narrow  gauge),  and  that  of  Caimanera  to  Guantanama 
Of  private  lines  there  \b  that  of  the  mines  of  Juragu^  Daiquiri,  and  some  kilometei^ 
in  sugar  plantations. 

This  province  is  eminently  agricultural  and  not  industrial,  and  its  poverty  and 
retrogression  will  continue  increasing  until  a  perfect  state  of  peace  is  established  which 
will  permit  work  on  farms  without  interruption;  but  as  the  proprietors  have  been 
ruined  and  there  are  no  means  of  communication,  only  the  establishment  of  an  agri- 
cultural bank,  the  construction  of  a  central  railroad  with  its  branches,  and  good  roads 
will  be  the  means  of  saving  the  sad  situation  which  confronts  this  province  and 
which,  with  these,  would  be  converted  into  an  emporium  of  riches  without  equal  in 
the  world. 

I  could  describe  other  geographical  characteristics  if  it  were  not  for  making  the 
article  too  lengthy. 

OENBRAL   CHARACTER  OF  THE   POPULATION. 

The  general  character,  or  the  conditions,  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  province  can  be 
considered  under  four  distinct  aspects— ci\il,  political,  moral,  and  relative  to  the 
census. 

Civilly  considered,  the  cities  and  towns  of  this  province  are  very  backward,  because 
public  instruction  is  limited  and  poor,  due  to  the  absolute  lack  of  the  establishment 
of  first  grade  of  public  schools,  and  also  real  kindeigartens — ^not  from  lack  of  d^ire 
on  the  part  of  the  inhabitants,  but  due  to  the  Spanish  regime,  who,  not  having  in 
themselves  the  principles  of  education,  consequently  coul^  not  impart  same  to  their 
colonies.  For  this  reason  the  majority  of  the  Cubans  do  not  understand  nor  know 
what  are  their  rights  and  duties  as  citizens.  Politically,  the  towns  of  the«east  desire 
independence. 

With  regard  to  the  moral  part,  these  towns  have  generally  good  customs,  and  by 
instinct  their  inhabitants  are  good  and  humane,  generous,  and  alw&ys  disposed  to 
offer  the  most  open  hospitality.  The  political  tyranny  of  the  last  government  and 
the  no  less  lamentable  tyranny  of  the  Spanish  cleigy  may  perhaps  have  contributed 
as  an  efficient  cause  to  certain  antisocial  customs,  such  as  concubinage;  but  notwith- 
standing this  they  are  moral.  With  regard  to  the  census,  the  past  bad  administia- 
tion  did  not  know  how  or  did  not  wish  to  give  natural  and  exact  limits  to  the  dif- 
ferent wards,  and  the  people  has  shown  itself  diffident  and  distrustful  in  this  censos, 
concealing  persons,  ages,  and  even  domestic  animals,  fearing  that  fiscal  or  municipal 
taxes,  etc.,  would  be  levied.  One  sagacious  enumerator,  in  order  to  make  the  people 
appear  in  a  city,  had  the  happy  thought  to  tell  them,  ''Do  not  fear;  what  I  am  doing 
now  is  for  the  distribution  of  rations  to-morrow  by  the  American  Grovemmen t ' '  Thifl 
was  sufficient  for  all  persons  to  present  themselves  and  give  correct  answers. 

The  difficulties  I  have  encountered  in  directing  the  census  are  various  and  of  dif- 
ferent characters.    ♦    *    * 

The  absence  of  means  of  communication  in  general,  ordinary,  railway,  and  even 
telegraphic,  with  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible  points  caused  two  or  three  iimee 
the  time  to  be  employed  in  concluding  the  work  intrusted  to  me,  notwithstanding 
the  employment  of  couriers  and  special  private  means,  the  expenses  for  which  were 
authorized  by  the  assistant  director.  The  absence  of  pecuniary  resources  of  the 
enumerators — all  poor  men,  who  did  not  have  horses  nor  means  of  borrowing  them 
for  so  arduous  trips,  each  one  being  under  the  necessity  of  leaving  some  resouroefl  to 


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APPENDIX   IX.  655 

his  family,  etc. — was  one  of  the  troubles  which  made  me  believe  that  the  realization 
of  the  census  would  be  impossible.    *    ♦    * 

The  large  number  of  ignorant  and  suspicious  colored  people,  kept  in  this  condition 
by  the  Spanish  Government  as  a  political  measure,  has  l^en  sufficiently  shown  by 
the  enumeration  of  the  wards  in  which  they  reside.  The  division  of  wards,  the 
absence  of  known  limits  in  all  the  country  districts,  causing  one  enumerator  to  enter 
the  district  of  another,  requiring  the  immediate  correction  of  errors,  going  back, 
remaking  plans,  investigations,  etc.,  in  order  to  avoid  duplications,  has  disturbed 
the  good  order  of  this  most  delicate  service.  The  limited  time  granted  for  the  prep- 
aration, organization,  and  execution  of  the  census  has  rendered  the  work  so  much 
more  difficult  that  the  little  w\ich  has  been  well  done  deserves  to  be  praised,  because 
only  an  iron  will,  together  with  the  good  wishes  .and  activity  of  the  enumerators, 
encouraged,  perhaps,  by  the  hope  of  being  placed  in  new  works  of  real  statistics,  have 
contributed  to  the  success  attained.  Six  months  of  organization  and  six  more  of 
execution  was  the  time  which  should  have  beea  em|Aiyed  to  conclude  this  gigantic 
worky  whkfa  hav  just  been  executed  for  the  first  time  in  the  island  of  Cuba  in  forty- 
five  days  only.  It  is  the  truth,  and  it  must  be  included  in  this  report,  that  a  good 
management  in  the  hands  of  Messrs.  Sanger  and  Olmsted,  and  an  abundance  of 
money  for  general  expenses,  and  a  most  active  correspondence,  have  assisted  most 
wonderfully,  without  which  help  we  would  still  be  at  the  beginning.  The  two  rain 
and  wind  storms  which  detained  the  enumerators  even  after  they  were  over,  because 
the  marshes  became  so  dangerous  they  could  not  be  crossed.    ♦    *    * 

The  difficulty  of  the  division  into  wards  has  been  an  obstacle  which  could  not 
be  passed  over,  and  which  will  cause  a  certain  confusion  in  the  limits  thereof  in 
the  census,  especially  in  the  country,  where  the  mayors  were  not  able  to  decide  the 
limits  of  their  own  jurisdiction,  except  in  a  very  vague  manner.  This  is  the  reason 
some  of  the  enumerators  passed  to  neighboring  wards.  In  order  to  correct  this,  it 
would  be  necessary  to  make  corrections — go  over  some  of  the  work — and  the  period 
fixed  for  the  conclusion  of  the  census  did  not  permit  this.  The  principal  causes  of 
this  chaos  are  the  absence  of  plans  and  topographical  maps,  perfectly  prepared, 
indicating  what  l>elong8  to  each  jurisdiction,  the  official  arrangemept  of  the  limits 
by  natural  fixed  boundaries,  such  as  creeks,  rivers,  mountains,  etc.,  and  most  espe- 
cially that  the  office  of  ward  mayor  be  given  always  to  persons  of  well-known  zeal 
and  education,  with  larger  salaries,  in  order  to  cause  people  of  worth  to  aspire  to 
these  positions. 

The  difficulty  of  the  rains  was  easily  surmounted,  because  it  had  been  foreseen,  and 
competent  men  were  selected  well  acquainted  with  the  fording  of  rivers  and  pools 
which  they  encountered  on  their  road.  Nevertheless,  more  than  twelve  days  were 
lost  in  both  storms.  In  some  places,  such  as  Baracoa,  Mayari,  and  Holguin,  much 
more  time  was  lost,  the  storm  having  lasted  there  twenty-three  days. 

NUMBER  OP  ENUMERATOBS   EMPLOYED. 

The  number  of  enumerators  was  at  the  beginning  323,  distributed  among  19  munic- 
ipal districts  in  the  following  manner: 

Alto  Songo,  10;  Balma,  12;  Caney,  14;  Cristo,  2;  Cobre,  20;  Guantanamo,  37; 
Sagua  de  Tanamo,  7;  Sjquero,  4;  Bayamo,  16;  Jiguani,  9;  Holguin,  33;  Gibara,  23; 
Puerto  Padre,  18;  Mayari,  9,  and  Baracoa,  27.  Afterwards,  when  the  monitors  or 
delegates  informed  me  of  the  number  of  inhabitants  each  ward  had,  it  was  neces- 
sary to  add  9  enumerators  more — in  Guantanamo,  4;  in  Palma,  2;  in  San  Luis,  1;  in 
Caney,  1,  and  in  Bayamo,  1 — making  a  total  of  332. 

NUMBER  OP   WOMEN    EMPLOYED   AS  ENUMERATORS. 

The  number  of  women  employed  as  enimierators  in  this  district  was  only  one  in 
Campechuela,  called  America  Betancourt.  In  Santiago  they  could  not  be  employed, 
because  the  supervisor  was  not  authorized  to  (unu^h  them  a  companion,  which  would 


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656  BEPOBT   ON   THE   CKN8UB   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

have  avoided  the  insults  to  which  they  were  exposed  in  this  capital,  at  least  from 
those  opposed  to  the  census.  ^ 

GENERAL    INTELLECTUAL    \HD    MORAL   CHARACTER   OP  THE   ENUMERATORS,  THEIR  QUAU- 
FICATIONB  AND   ZEAL. 

With  regard  to  the  general  intellectual  and  moral  character  of  the  enmnerators, 
their  qualifications  and  zeal,  I  must  state  that  they  must  be  divided  into  three  groaps: 
The  monitors,  the  enumerators  of  the  city,  and  those  of  the  country.  The  first — that 
is,  the  monitors— all  19  showed  great  intelligence,  activity,  and  good  faith  in  aU  the 
work  of  organization,  instruction,  and  vigilance,  those  of  Santiago,  Manzanillo, 
Bayamo,  Hol^;uin,  Palma,  and  Gibara  deserving  special  mention.  These  delegates 
personally  paid  lor  trips,  going  to  all  the  places  where  their  presence  may  have  been 
required,  gave  proper  account  of  the  enumerators  who  did  not  work,  and  there  were 
some  who  personally  paid  for  the  printing  of  proclamations  and  announcements  for 
the  others  and  for  the  public. 

The  enumerators  of  the  city,  numbering  33,  have  done  work  fairly  correct,  in  view 
of  the  short  period  of  preparation  and  the  difficulties  they  frequently  encountered, 
being  obliged  to  wait  until  all  hours  of  the  night  for  the  return  of  the  husbands  or 
heads  of  families,  when  the  latter  refused  to  give  any  information  without  the  inter- 
vention of  the  former,  as  well  as  many  other  causes  which  have  been  included  in  the 
body  of  this  report  There  have  been  many  who  have  distinguished  themselves  for 
their  exactness  in  the  census,  the  zeal  and  rapidity  of  the  work,  but  the  following 
deserve  special  mention:  Nos.  150,  115,  49,  220,  57,  40,  30,  37,  36,  29,  44,  28,  and  31, 
and  others  which  would  make  a  list  too  extensive  to  mention. 

The  enumerators  of  the  country  have  been  true  Titans.  Constantly  having  to  cope 
with  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  with  the  bad  roads,  and  the  poverty  of  the  farm- 
ers  who  were  not  able  to  give  them  the  proverbial  hospitality  of  this  class  of  people, 
being  obliged  to  sleep  in  kitchens  having  no  walls,  detained  in  miserable  hovels  for 
days  waiting  for  the  rivers  to  go  down  in  order  to  continue  their  work,  living  mostly 
on  sweet-potatoes,  and  many  of  them  losing  their  horses,  they  have  finally  conquered 
more  by  reason  of  their  ambition  than  for  the  remuneration,  which  often  was  not 
sufficient  to  pay  expenses.  The  Grovemment,  or  rather  the  American  people  who 
read  these  descriptions,  can  not  understand  them  and  will  probably  believe  that  they 
are  exaggerated,  accustomed  as  you  are  to  good  roads,  railroads,  bridges,  etc.  It  is 
necessary  to  see  this  and  to  go  over  the  roads  during  the  rainy  season  to  get  a  correct 
idea.  Who  could  be  mentioned  as  the  most  worthy  of  these  giants  of  duty  and  activ- 
ity? All  of  them;  and  their  work  executed  on  foot,  on  a  chair,  standing  in  the  mud 
of  the  interior  of  the  huts  of  the  natives,  tormented  by  the  ferocious  mosquitoes  of 
the  woods,  by  the  smoke  of  the  fires,  etc.,  have  a  relatively  large  value,  even  for 
those  who,  having  enumerated  a  small  number  of  persons,  have  traveled  immense 
distances,  as  was  the  case  with  those  who  went  to  the  Sierra  Maestra.  In  general  I 
can  not  say  less  here — that  the  education,  morality,  qualifications,  and  zeal  of  the 
personnel  employed  have  been  excellent  I  only  had  to  discharge  two,  one  in  San 
Luis  because  be  was  too  old  and  did  not  write  plainly,  and  the  other  in  Campechuela 
for  having  absolutely  ignored  the  instructions  he  had  received.  Two  or  three  resigned 
on  account  of  illness  and  were  immediately  substituted  without  interrupting  the 
census. 

INTERESTING   DETAILS   RELATING  TO  THE  WORK. 

The  details  relating  to  the  work,  and  which  could  be  changed  in  a  new  census,  are 
material  and  are  confined  to — 

First.  The  time.  So  delicate  a  work  should  never  be  executed  in  a  country  so 
destitute  of  means  of  communication  and  education,  and  especially  during  the  time 
of  heavy  rains,  in  the  period  of  forty-five  days. 

Second.  A  great  difference  should  be  made  between  the  salary  paid  enumerators 
of  cities  and  those  of  the  country.    If  another  census  should  be  taken  in  the  same 


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APPENDIX   IX,  657 

period  and  under  the  same  conditions,  it  would  not  be  possible  to  obtain  a  personnel 
dmilar  to  the  present  one;  only  ignorant  persons  or  those  forced  thereto  through 
necessity  would  apply  for  the  positions.  One  enumerator  of  the  country  who  took 
part  in  ihe  ten  years'  insurrection  and  that  of  the  last  three  years  suffered  so  many 
hardships  and  perils  taking  the  census  that  he  was  sorry  he  had  accepted  the  posi- 
tion, saying  that  he  preferred  twenty  years  of  war  to  repeating  the  work  he  executed 
only  for  pride's  sake  and  to  keep  his  sworn  word.  I  repeat  that  these  details  appear 
to  be  exaggerated.  I  assoie  you  that  there  is  a  pass  on  the  road  from  Baraeoa  to 
Maisi  where  a  person  is  obliged  to  make  the  horse  go  before  him  creeping  through 
the  stones  and  follow  him  on  all  fours,  with  great  dl^inger  of  idling  down  an  immense 
pvedpioe.    This  road  is  that  called  ''Mata  CabaUo,"  (kill  a  horse). 

Third.  The  ink  bottles  s»it  to  the  enumerators  were  of  no  use,  their  long  shape 
making  ihesn  upset  easily,  and  this  office  has  spent  a  good  sum  in  ink  and  w^s 
obliged  to  authorize  some  delegates  to  do  the  same.  Inkstands  with  a  spring  should 
have  been  selected  for  the  pocket,  and,  fmtheisnore,  a  certain  amount  only  should 
have  been  put  in  the  bottles. 

Fourth.  If  the  enumeratoro  had  be^i  authorixed  to  take  their  data  with  pencil 
and  afterwards  fill  in  the  schedules  at  their  homes  in  ink,  all  the  work  would  have 
been  better.  Only  the  enumerators  of  the  towns  who  had  a  table  on  which  to  write 
and  a  chair  to  sit  on  were  able  to  keep  their  schedules  dean  and  neat 

Fifth.  The  portfolios  allow  the  schedules  of  education  and  agriculture  to  slip  out 
laterally.  It  would  have  been  advisable,  therefore,  for  them  to  have  had  two  lateral 
fastenings,  or  that  the  second  and  third  schedules  had  been  made  laiger. 

Sixth.  The  waterproof  covering  is  not  sufficiently  so,  and  allows  the  water  to  enter 
in  crossing  rivers.  The  tapes  were  sewn  too  near  the  edges;  some  became  unfastened, 
and  it  was  necessary  to  replace  them. 

CONCLUSION. 

Finally,  and  in  order  to  properly  close  this  report,  already  of  sufficient  length,  I 
consider  it  my  duty  to  request  the  Assistant  Director  to  use  his  influence  in  so  far  as 
possible  to  have  established  in  this  unfortunate  island  bureaus  or  offices  of  statistics, 
on  the  style  of  those  existing  in  the  United  States,  France,  and  Germany,  which 
should,  weekly  or  monthly,  collect  all  the  data  relating  to  the  increase  or  decrease 
of  popuktion,  oolor^  nativity,  age,  education,  etc.,  of  all  titie  inhabitants,  with  a  corps 
of  agricultural  engineers  to  make  plans  of  the  districts  and  fix  natural  limits 
for  each  one.  Finally,  that  a  general  plan  containing  all  the  private  plans  of  ruial 
estates,  leaving  the  ground  belonging  to  the  State  and  the  royalties  (realengos)  clearly 
defined.  In  this  manner  everybody  would  know  what  he  owns  exactly,  the  large 
number  of  parcels  of  land  witiiout  owners  will  be  made  use  of,  and  without  the 
expenaes  which  have  been  incurred  at  the  present  time.  In  a  short  period  these 
biu^aus  of  statistics  would  be  enabled  to  furnish  these  schedules  filled  in  for  a  com- 
plete census  and  even  more  correctly. 

In  this  manner  complete  statistics  could  be  obtained  in  Cuba  which  would  give  a 
real  knowledge  of  the  country  with  r^ard  to  its  different  climates,  geological  condi- 
tions, production,  and  wealtii,  information  which  the  Spaniards  never  had  during 
the  four  centuries  they  dominated  the  island,  the  lack  of  which  prevents  a  knowledge 
of  the  great  advantages  which  if  known  would  surely  attract  heavy  immigration  to 
develop  them.  These  bureaus  of  statistics  would  reveal  the  great  resources  and 
sources  of  wealth  which  Cuba  contains. 

Yours,  etc,  Sabas  Msneses, 

Supervisor  of  the  Cennu. 

The  DiBBcroB  of  Cuban  Census, 

Washingtoriy  D,  C, 

(Through  the  Assistant  Director.) 
24662 42 


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658         REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  l&i». 


APPENDIX  X. 

WESTERN  SWAMP  OF  ZAPATA,  IN  THE  PORTION  CORRESPONDING  TO 
THE  MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  OF  JAGUEY  ORANDE. 

[Detaili  relatliig  to  the  mine  compiled  by  the  ondenl^ed  enomentor,  Na  90L] 

Firtt  ereurtUnL — I  left  the  town  of  Jaguey  Gnnde  on  the  afternoon  of  the  15th  oi 
October,  1899,  spending  the  night  at  the  Victoria  plantation  in  order  to  commence 
my  work  in  the  morning  of  the  10th,  the  date  fixed  for  taking  the  oensaa. 

At  5  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  10th  I  left  said  plantation,  accompanied  by  the 
guides,  Polonio  Miranda  and  Lois  Gk>nsale8,  all  of  us  provided  with  repeating  riflee, 
200  rounds  of  ammunition,  revolvers,  machetes,  bowie  knives,  shotguns,  with  ammn- 
nition  therefor;  also  carrying  rations  to  last  us  six  days. 

At  8.30  a.  m.  we  entered  the  swamp,  leaving  our  horses  at  the  Yictoria  plantitkoi 
above  mentioned. 

Odober  16 — Fir$i  wtiL — This  was  to  Crocodile  Island,  where  we  found  nothing 
deserving  of  special  mention.  Inmiediately  thereafter  we  continued  to  the  islets  of 
Verde,  Cujal,  and  El  Ahorcado,  where  we  spent  the  first  night  The  trip  between 
the  islets  is  very  difficult,  the  swamp  being  from  one-half  to  three  yards  deep,  at 
which  depth  there  is  a  firm,  stony  bottom.  Many  and  various  woods  and  biids 
abound  on  these  islets. 

Ocfoe^fT  17.— Visit  to  the  islets  of  La  Galleta,  La  Caoba,  El  Ocujal,  and  La  Cochilla 
camping  on  the  latter.  During  this  trip  we  killed  a  number  of  crocodiles,  measoring 
from  1  to  4  yards,  making  use  of  our  arms  and  machetes  for  the  purpose.  The  most 
abundant  woods  on  this  islet  are  mahogany  and  ocuje.  The  night  was  unpleannt 
and  spent  on  guard,  because  crocodiles  followed  our  party  to  the  camp,  four  of  tl^m 
advancing  to  our  mosquito  bars,  which  we  killed  with  great  trouble. 

October  18.— 1  visited  the  islets  of  Jiqui,  Alonso,  Los  Negros,  and  Bejuoo  1st  On 
this  day  we  killed  seven  turkeys  and  one  Indian  rat  ( jutia)  for  our  maintenance, 
because  we  had  lost  what  we  had  with  us  on  account  of  a  storm.  Wespent  the  night 
on  the  islet  of  Bejuco,  being  followed  again  by  crocodiles,  with  which  we  bad  an 
encounter  lasting  two  hours,  succeeding  after  killing  two  in  dispersing  them.'  The 
guide,  Luis  €k>nzalez,  was  wounded  and  bruised,  as  well  as  Pol<mio  Miranda. 

There  are  some  human  remains  on  this  islet,  it  having  been  one  of  the  Caban 
camps  during  the  last  war. 

Odober  19.—\mi  to  the  islets  Punta  del  Sinti,  Pkdma  Amarilla,  Cuchilla  Sola,  and 
La  Jutia.  This  day  we  killed  nine  crocodiles,  from  5  to  6  feet  in  length.  Oar  food 
consisted  of  turkey  and  fish  and  we  spent  the  night  on  the  last  islet,  where,  by  resflon 
of  being  near  the  lake  of  Teeoro  and  many  crocodiles  infesting  it,  it  was  impossible 
for  us  to  rest,  as  it  was  necessary  to  be  on  the  lookout  On  the  islet  Punta  de  1^4 
already  mentioned,  there  exists  a  mineral  spring  within  a  rock,  around  which  there 
are  still  some  Cuban  camps.  The  temperature  is  very  agreeable  on  this  islet,  the 
nights  being  cold. 

October  to. — On  the  morning  of  this  day  I  visited  the  islets  of  El  Agustin,  Los  Vol- 
untarios,  El  Lazo,  Lojita,  and  Retomo,  where  we  spent  the  night  During  the  day 
we  killed  7  white  heron,  1  turkey  and  1  mud  turtle.  We  slept  in  a  stockade  of 
palms,  a  defense  which  it  is  customary  to  make  in  order  to  avoid  the  attack  of  the 
crocodiles  which  prowled  about  during  the  night  At  daybreak  we  were  surroonded 
by  a  large  number  of  crocodiles;  our  position  being  somewhat  difficult,  we  succeeded 
in  killing  4  crocodiles,  using  all  our  ammunition,  and  therefore  by  the  use  of  oor 
machetes  and  ganotes  we  were  able  to  reach  some  trees  and  through  their  branches 

^  _  1  The  Caiman  or  American  crocodile  is  very  large  and  oo'ingeoui. 


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o 


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APPENDIX   X.  659 

we  trav^ed  a  distance  of  45  feet^  where,  now  out  of  danger,  I  determined  to  proceed, 
BB  will  be  related. 

October  tl, — ^Lack  of  food  on  account  of  having  nsed  our  ammunition  in  defense 
against  the  crocodiles.  We  decided  to  return  in  order  to  secure  provisions.  The  dis- 
tance from  the  islet  of  Retomo  to  the  town  is  3  leagues,  \\  being  swamp.  Arriving 
with  difficulty  at  Jaguey  at  11  o'clock,  and  after  getting  supplies,  again  at  2  in  the 
afternoon  set  out  and  arrived  at  islet  of  Lomar  de  los  Voluntaries  at  6  in  the  even- 
ing.   Slept  there.    Some  graves  of  Cubans  from  the  last  war  are  on  this  islet 

Odober  jff .—-Visited  th^  islets  of  Concon^,  £1  Tomo,  £1  Garmelo,  and  £1  Perico. 
KiUed  3  crocodiles,  2  mud  turtles,  3  birds,  and  1  Indian  rat  on  this  day.  Islets  very 
dense  and  difficult  to  penetrate  on  account  of  their  marshy  interior. 

October  jfj.— Visited  the  islets  of  Socorro.  Killed  6  crocodiles,  3  wild  doves,  and  2 
Indian  rats.  This  islet  is  quite  large  and  to  reach  it  a  difficult  portion  of  the  swamp 
has  to  be  crossed,  being  near  to  the  peninsula  of  Zapata.  Found  a  family  at  the 
"joto''  of  Maniadero  composed  of  five  persons.  Asked  the  head  of  the  ftunily  named 
Marcel  Zacarias  Morejon  what  the  distance  was  from  Santa  Clara.  He  informed 
me  that  it  was  about  60  leagues.  When  asked  what  chief  or  government  he  recog- 
nized he  answered  ' '  none. '  *  That  in  those  places  everyone  governed  himself.  Their 
food  consisted  of  honey,  Indian  rats,  meal,  pumpkins,  and  some  venison  and  coffee 
sweetened  with  said  honey.  The  venison  with  much  difficulty  he  caught  with  traps. 
Many  mosquitoes  and  insects  on  this  peninsula. 

October  t4' — ^At  daybreak  on  this  day  started  again  for  the  swamp  and  visited  the 
islets  of  £1  Campamento  and  £1  Alerta.  Rained  all  day.  Killed  2  crocodiles  and  1 
flamingo.  Slept  with  wet  clothing  and  tormented  with  mosquitoes.  Our  hammocks 
were  swung  3  yards  above  the  ground  on  the  banks  of  the  brook  £1  Contrero,  whose 
limpid  waters  rejoiced  our  spirits  and  in  which  are  many  fish. 

October -^S. — Visited  this  day  the  islets  of  £1  £squirel  and  £1  Contrero.  Rains  all 
day.  Crossed  several  creeks  which  rise  on  the  coast  and  empty  into  the  swamp. 
Lost  the  way  by  reason  of  the  darkness  of  the  day.  and  were  obliged  to  camp  in  the 
center  of  the  forest,  where,  after  remaining  two  hours,  it  was  impossible  to  support 
the  pest  of  insects.  Were  obliged  to  enter  the  swamp  and  camp  in  some  palma  We 
passed  a  very  bad  night  on  account  of  our  position,  the  pest  of  insects,  and  the  great 
darkness,  the  rains  continuing  at  intervals  throughout  the  night  Wet  clothing 
caused  the  illness  of  the  guide,  Luis  CJonzalez.  While  asleep  in  a  palm  the  guide 
Miranda  fell  into  the  water,  suffering  a  blow  on  the  side  and  the  consequent  fright, 
but  with  the  greatest  rapidity  succeeded  in  regaining  his  former  place.  At  daybreak 
the  guide  Cronzalez  continuing  ill,  he  was  obliged  to  turn  back,  we  accompanying 
him  to  a  safe  place,  and  thus  I  was  left  alone  with  Miranda. 

October  £6. — Visited  the  islets  of  £1  Guanal  and  £1  Dagame.  Rains  continued, 
making  traveling  almost  impossible.  Seven  crocodiles  were  killed  and  4  partridges, 
catching  also  4  * '  guabinas. ' '  Spent  the  night  on  the  islet  of  Dagame,  tormented  with 
insects. 

October  187, — Visited  the  islets  of  £1  Toro  and  £1  Jucaral.  This  day  was  one  of 
much  rain  and  wind.  Killed  9  *^yaguasaSy**  1  ^^garcilotet*^  6  parrots,  and  caught  3 
**majuaries^^  (Ash),  passing  the  night  on  the  last-mentioned  islet 

October  £8, — Visited  the  islets  of  Los  Pajaros  and  Martin  Popito,  the  latter  being 
so  named  on  account  of  having  been  the  camp  of  said  chief  in  the  insurrection  and 
on  account  of  his  having  been  taken  prisoner  on  the  same.  Previously  this  islet  was 
known  by  the  name  of  Los  Voluntaries.  Rains  still  continued.  Killed  3  crocodiles 
and  13  ^^yaguoBOB.^*  By  reason  of  the  high  winds  we  spent  a  pleasant  night,  there 
being  no  insects. 

Visited  at  daybreak  the  islet  Voluntaries,  which  has  a  laige  area.  Rained  all  day, 
with  high  winds  impeding  our  progress.  Killed  two  Indian  rats  and  three  *'yagu- 
(UOB.*^    Camped  on  the  banks  of  the  £8quivel  River. 


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660  BEPOBT  ON  THE   GEK8U8  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

October  ^a^Vimted  the  ideta  of  TembUdores  and  £1  Cangre.  Rood  difficult  on 
account  of  having  to  croas  a  laige  portion  of  the  swamp  through  thick  grass  or  weeds, 
and,  our  hunting  ammunition  having  given  out,  we  spent  the  night  without  food. 

October  SI. — Visited  the  islets  of  Vigia  de  Socorro  and  £1  Angnstia.  lUin  and 
aometimee  a  hot  sun.  Camped  on  the  banks  of  Ninao  Greek,  swinging  our  ham- 
mocks 3  yards  above  the  gromid  and  passing  a  terrible  night 

November  i.— Decided  to  go  out  of  the  swamp,  on  account  <^  the  lack  of  provisions. 
On  the  way  visited  the  islet  of  Laiigo,  which  is  of  great  importance  for  its  woods  and 
proximity  to  the  coast  The  crossing  of  this  portion  of  the  swamp,  called  Blan- 
quizal,  is  very  dangerous  by  reason  of  the  many  covered  holes,  which  render  it  dan- 
gerous for  a  person  to  go  without  a  oompanioa  to  give  assistance.  Arrived  in  town 
at  9  o'clock  in  the  morning. 

November  jf.— At  daybreak  left  for  Damuji,  which  islet  1  had  reached  at  6  o*ck>ck 
the  previous  evening,  having  left  town  at  12  o'clock  after  getting  supplies.  This 
i^t  is  quite  small  and  contains  the  remains  of  Cuban  camps.  Spent  a  bad  night  on 
account  of  the  insects. 

November  5.— Left  in  the  morning  for  the  islets  of  Palisada  Grande  and  Palisada 
Chica.  This  pait  of  the  swamp  is  difficult  to  cross,  being  covered  with  high  grasses, 
and  were  obliged  to  set  fire  to  the  same  in  order  to  be  able  to  continue  our  mardi. 
Killed  1  crocodile  and  caught  4  fish  (mc^uaTies)^  and  sp^it  the  night  in  mangrove 
trees. 

November  4. — ^Went  over  the  islets  of  Majuari  and  El  Pacifioo.  Rainy  day.  Killed 
a  number  of  crocodiles  and  2  Indian  rats.  There  are  several  Cuban  camps  on  these 
islets.  Spent  the  night  on  this  islet,  intending  to  visit  the  next  morning  the  penin- 
sula of  Zapata.  Our  food  consisted  of  boiled  Indian  rats  and  coffee,  which  is  very 
necessary  in  this  swamp  on  account  of  its  strengthening  qualities. 

November  6. — Visited  the  brooks  £1  Contero  and  £1  Salchicha.  Tbeee  brooks 
abound  in  fish  and  contain  many  mangrove  trees.  Killed  the  largest  crocodile  yet 
encountered.    We  cut  him  open^to  secure  his  &t,  which  is  of  great  medicinal  value. 

November  6, — In  the  morning  visited  the  islets  of  Las  Auras  and  afterwards  £1  Ojo 
de  Agua.  The  latter  spring  has  a  circumference  of  30  meters  and  a  depth  of  four 
yards.  It  is  situated  on  a  rock  and  abounds  with  fish.  Its  waters  are  salty,  and  we 
were  obliged  to  shorten  our  stay  on  account  of  not  being  able  to  quench  our  thirst 
We  found  fresh  water  on  a  small  islet  where  we  camped.  We  were  near  the 
peninsula  of  Zapata.    The  night  was  unpleasant  on  account  of  the  insecta 

November  7. — Visited  the  brooks  £1  £squivel  and  £1  Ninso.  These  brooks  rise  on 
the  coast  and  empty  in  the  center  of  the  swamp.  They  contain  many  crocodiles. 
We  continued  our  march,  being  desirous  of  getting  on  limd  and  entering  the  penin- 
sula of  Zapata.  Landed  there  at  12  o'clock,  although  with  some  difiiculty,  on 
account  of  having  the  first  guide,  Miranda,  sick,  but  very  happy  alter  suffering  so 
many  days  of  continuous  torment  and  exposure.  After  taking  a  rest  and  some 
coffee  we  continued,  at  2  in  the  afternoon,  toward  Santa  Teresa,  where  we  arrived 
at  6  o'clock,  finding  the  first  inhabitants  of  those  regions.  This  was  a  widow,  who 
had  lost  her  husband  in  the  war;  she  had  four  sons.  Upon  being  asked  her  name 
she  told  me  that  it  was  Evarista  Torres,  widow  of  Agustin  Arecilna,  and  informed 
me  that  her  children  had  never  received  any  education,  there  being  no  schools 
there.  They  did  not  even  know  thdr  letters,  never  having  seen  any.  They  go 
almost  naked,  and  wear  shoes  made  of  crocodile  skin.  Their  habitation  is  made 
of  tree  trunks  about  3  yards  high,  and  dry  branches  constitute  their  bed.  Thdr 
food  consists  of  honey,  pumpkins,  and  the  meat  of  wild  hogs,  when  they  catch  any. 
Upon  being  asked  whether  they  liked  the  life  they  were  living,  or  whether  they 
wished  to  go  to  town,  they  answered  that  they  were  he^py,  having  lived  there  all 
their  lives.  They  had  lost  the  cattle,  goats,  etc.,  Hiey  owned  through  the  war,  and 
that  notwithstanding  all  that  they  had  suffered  and  their  poverty,  they  considered 


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APPENDIX  X.  661 

themaelvee  more  happy  at  a  diitance  from  the  world.  Their  hut  is  on  the  side  of  a 
large  mountain.  Ledft  there,  after  drinking  scnne  honey  and  water,  all  we  had  had, 
at  7  that  evening,  continued  to  Santa  Teresa,  one-half  league  distant,  arriving  there 
at  8  o'clock  at  night  We  found  another  hut  with  four  inhabitants.  Upon  asking 
for  the  head  of  the  family  a  man  named  Jesus  Bonachea  appeared,  a  native  of  said 
peninsula.  Upon  being  asked  whether  he  knew  how  to  read  and  write  he  answwed 
in  the  affirmative,  stating  that  his  father  had  sent  him  away  from  there  to  learn. 
Upon  learning  we  had  had  nothing  to  eat  for  two  days  he  offered  us  all  he  had  in  his 
hut,  which  consisted  of  venison,  very  tou^,  but  which  to  our  appetite  was  exquisite. 
He  also  gave  us  pumpkins,  honey,  and  meal.  Being  tired,  he  gave  us  a  com  house 
in  which  to  sleep,  the  com  serving  as  a  pillow.  Notwithstanding  the  insects,  we 
were  so  fatigued  and  worn-out  that  we  slept  profoundly. 

November  8. — Rose  early  and  set  out,  finding  a  hut  in  course  of  omiBtruction,  very 
large.  Found  several  inhabitants.  Upon  asking  for  the  head  of  the  family  he  was 
presented  to  me.  Name,  Eulogio  Lobato,  native  of  said  peninsula,  of  the  Cuban  revo- 
lution. Family  of  4  daughters  and  3  sons.  He  is  the  person,  when  anything  occurs, 
is  caUed  upon  by  the  inhalMtants  of  that  r^on  to  repree^it  them.  Lives  on  400  cabal- 
lerias  of  ground,  the  property  of  a  Grerman  named  August  Guppe,  residing  in  Habana. 
I  requested  some  information  of  Mr.  Lobato  as  to  the  progress  of  those  regions,  which 
he  gladly  furnished,  stating  ''the  war  was  my  ruin,  as  of  all  of  us,  when  the  Spanish 
troops  invaded  this  place,  forcing  me  to  flee  and  hide,  taking  my  family  with  me 
into  a  mountain  where  they  spent  several  months  without  resources."  Liiformed 
me  that  a  few  days  before  he  had  made  a  small  excursion  with  the  secretary  of 
General  Brooke  for  the  purpose  of  exploring  some  of  that  territory.  Tobacco  grows 
very  well  here,  the  only  difficulty  being  that  the  leaf  is  so  thick.  At  9  in  the  morn- 
ing got  a  good  breakfast  and  continued  conversation.  I  asked  him  about  the  bay 
and  its  depth  and  he  then  offered  to  take  me  over  a  narrow  road  which  has  existed 
some  years  from  Santa  Teresa  to  the  sea.  This  line  was  lengthened  by  the  German 
referred  to,  who  is  the  owner  of  these  lands,  shipping  timber  by  water,  large  vessels 
being  able  to  enter.  This  line  to  the  sea  is  of  4  kilometers.  The  bay  is  7  leagues 
long  and  3}  wide  at  its  entrance,  the  rivers  Ondoneo  de  los  Jalalos  and  Oaleta  del 
Rosario  emptying  into  it.  It  has  a  beautiful  beach,  where  there  was  a  Spanish  fort 
which  the  inhabitants  were  that  day  pulling  down  and  in  my  presence.  At  the 
mouth  of  one  of  the  rivers  there  is  a  very  large  rock  and  the  inhabitants  state  that 
under  it  there  is  a  lazge  iron  chest  filled  with  money  placed  there  by  pirates,  and 
state  that  this  is  an  undoubted  fact  This  bay  is  known  by  the  name  of  Bahia  de 
Cochinos.  The  insurgents  called  it  Bay  of  the  Independence.  On  said  bay  I  placed 
a  board  with  the  following  inscription:  "The  enumerator  <^  the  Zapata  swamp,  in 
the  province  of  Matanzas,  number  201.''  I  have  also  affixed  this  number  on  all  the 
islets  that  I  have  visited.  Returned  to  the  hut  at  2  o'clock  and,  after  some  coffee, 
started  out  for  the  settlement  called  Oaleta  de  la  Grallina,  which  we  were  not  able  to 
reach  the  same  day.    We  camped  on  the  side  of  a  mountain  until  the  next  day. 

November  9. — Arrived  at  our  destination  at  8  in  the  morning,  where  we  visited  the 
islets  of  £1  Matias  and  El  Oorojal,  which  are  near  the  peninsula.  There  are  some 
ranches  of  the  insurgents  on  the  same.  Killed  2  Indian  rats  and  8  "  sevillas,"  on 
which  we  lived.  Rained  the  whole  afternoon  and  we  were  obliged  to  kindle  a  fire 
and  dry  our  clothing.  Set  up  our  camp  and  passed  a  terrible  night.  I  must  state 
that  the  mosquitoes  and  insects  are  constantly  in  the  swamp,  but  that  during  the 
rains  they  are  much  worse. 

November  11. — On  the  morning  of  this  day  we  set  out  along  thecoast— *  very  ardu- 
ous trip,  by  reason  of  the  stones  called  **dientes  deperro*^  (dog's  teeth)— continuing 
to  the  islets  El  Narcisa  and  £1  Nazareno.  Found  several  huts  of  Ouban  camps  on  the 
same.  Entering  one  of  these  huts  found  it  occupied  by  a  large  crocodile,  which  we 
killed,  together  with  three  smaller  ones  lying  alongside.     We  shot  several  wild 


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662  BEPOBT  ON  THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 

pigeons  and  parrote,  which  fumiflhed  us  food  for  the  day.  We  ate  hastily,  as  ifight 
was  approaching  and  we  were  obliged  to  provide  oorselves  with  wood  to  form  oar 
ftockade  for  protection. 

November  If, — During  the  morning  of  this  day  we  continued  along  the  coast, 
crossing  a  place  called  Molino,  inhabited  by  8  persons.  Rested  a  short  time  and 
took  a  little  honey.  These  persons,  as  well  as  those  before  mentioned,  live  on  Indian 
rats,  venison,  fish,  and  honey.  Left  at  10  in  the  morning  for  the  islets  £1  Diamante 
and  Los  Almiquenee.  There  are  valuable  woods  on  these  islets  and  thousands  of 
Indian  rats.  There  are  some  graves  of  Cubans  on  these  islets.  At  4  in  the  afternoon 
began  cooking  our  meal,  which  we  ate  at  7  and  then  retired. 

November  iJ.— Left  this  day  for  the  islets  of  El  Falmero  and  El  Martirio.  To 
reach  these  islets  it  is  necessary  to  cross  a  bad  portion  of  the  swamp,  some  parts 
having  to  be  swum  over.  We  arrived  at  11  o'clock  a.  m.  A  very  hot  son  shone  all 
day,  there  being  swarms  of  insects  on  account  of  the  heavy  rains.  Killed  2  croco- 
diles and  5  ^*9mUa$t**  which  were  our  nourishment    Spent  a  bad  night 

November  14- — On  this  day  visited  the  plantation  of  Jucaro  Qnemado,  of  1,500 
caballerias  area.  The  ground  is  stony  and  mountainous.  There  are  all  kinds  of 
woods.  Arrived  here  at  10  in  the  morning  and  found  one  of  the  inhabitants  in 
diaige  thereof.  The  owners  live  in  Cienfuegoe.  The  person  in  chaige  is  called 
Martin  Castillo.  He  belonged  to  the  Cuban  army  and  went  through  the  entire  cam- 
pugn.  Upon  being  asked  as  to  the  condition  of  the  land  he  stated  that  although  it 
was  very  rocky  everything  that  was  planted  grew  very  well.  We  had  a  good  break- 
last— the  only  day  we  had  had  one — consisting  of  mud  turtles,  with  bananas,  jrucca, 
and  honey.  At  1  o'clock  we  began  our  second  march  for  the  islets  of  £1  Infiemo 
and  El  Insufrible.  The  former  is  composed  of  marshes  and  water  and  the  second  of 
thick  woods,  very  dark,  and  with  many  insects,  all  tending  to  make  it  difficult 
of  exploration.  During  the  march  through  it  we  killed  several  crooodllee.  At  8 
o'clock  we  camped,  surrounding  ourselves  with  fire  in  order  to  be  able  to  stand  the 
night. 

November  i5.— In  the  morning  of  this  day  we  started  out  for  the  plantation  c^  Sin 
Bias.  This  plantation  belongs  to  the  state.  One  league  before  arriving  at  it  is  a 
amall  place  where  there  are  the  graves  of  two  brothers  who  belonged  to  the  Cuban 
army.  One,  whose  name  was  Matoe,  was  a  major,  and  the  other,  Bernardo,  a  private. 
At  1  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  after  going  6  leagues  through  the  swamp  and  stones, 
we  arrived  at  the  first-named  islet  After  greeting  several  inhabitants  whom  we 
found  there,  we  borrowed  a  boiler  in  which  to  cook  our  meal,  not  having  had  any- 
thing to  eat  during  this  march.  We  spoke  to  the  person  in  charge  of  the  estate,  Mr. 
Isidoro  Gronzalez,  who  informed  us  that  the  ground  was  bad  for  planting,  but  good 
lor  pasture.  Upon  being  asked  his  occupation,  he  told  me  that  he  raised  hogi 
and  hunted  Indian  rats,  sending  them  smoked  to  the  ward  of  Primera  Aguada, 
about  10  leagues  distant  He  sells  said  animals  at  50  cents  each  and  lives  on  the 
proceeds.  He  informed  me  that  they  had  only  80  left;  that  they  had  lost  many  of 
a  sickness  with  which  they  were  not  acquainted.  He  informed  us  that  we  were  at  a 
distance  of  30  leagues  from  Jaguey  Grande.  We  set  forth  at  3  in  the  afternoon  for 
the  islets  of  El  Ingeniero  and  El  Vigia  de  Juan  Socorro.  We  arrived  at  these  isletB 
at  6  in  the  evening.  This  islet  is  called  El  Ingeneiro  (The  Engineer)  because  an 
engineer  spent  the  night  on  it  in  1889.  This  gentleman  was  called  Carlos  CadarBO, 
and  had  come  to  lengthen  the  line  of  the  railroad  of  Matangas  to  the  peninsula  of 
Zapata.    We  spent  the  night  on  the  last-mentioned  islet 

November  16. — On  the  morning  of  this  day  we  left  for  the  lake  of  Tesoro,  arriving 
at  1  o'clock.  This  lake  is  4  leagues  in  circumference.  Two  rivers  rise  in  the  same, 
which  empty  into  the  sea.  The  water  is  pleasant  for  drinking.  The  rivers  are  called 
Jodones  de  Jabalo  and  Caleta  del  Rosario.  The  trip  to  this  lake  is  dangerous,  there 
being  many  alligators  and  caimans,  many  of  which  we  killed,  wounding  others. 


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APPEITDIX   X.  668 

The  inhabitants  of  the  region  ronnd  this  lake  informed  me  that  it  had  been  visited 
by  the  secretary  of  Creneral  Brooke  daring  the  month  of  September.  It  was  not 
poasible  for  this  gentleman  to  make  an  excursion,  not  being  acquainted  with  the 
swamp.  He  may  be  a  witness  to  my  statement  as  to  the  condition  of  the  swamp. 
The  secretary  was  accompanied  on  h^  excursion  by  the  German,  August  Gruppey 
owner  of  the  plantation  Santa  Teresa.  The  islets  are  at  a  distance  of  2  leagues 
from  the  lake,  arriving  there  at  6  o'clock  in  the  evening.  We  then  prepared  our 
meal,  which  consisted  of  mud  turtles,  our  ammunition  being  exhausted.  We  spent 
the  night  in  the  sierra  of  Nuestra  Seflora  Santa  Barbara. 

November  17, — In  the  morning  of  this  day  we  continued  our  trip  to  the  swamp 
called  Pomplona,  which  is  a  very  arduous  trip,  arriving  at  the  islets  of  El  Plateado 
and  El  Areledo  which  are  not  of  much  importance.  They  were  inhabited  during 
the  last  war  by  some  feunilies.  We  arrived  at  10  in  the  morning  without  provisions, 
which  forced  us  to  stop  and  secure  some  guavas.  It  rained  all  day  and  we  arrived  at 
Pema  Laiga  at  4  in  the  afternoon,  finding  one  inhabitant  called  Pedro  Arrece, 
whom  after  greeting  we  requested  information  as  to  our  distance  to  Jaguey  Grande 
and  the  direction,  because  ^e  guides  had  lost  their  way.  We  continued  the  march  to 
the  plantation  £1  Bosario  seeking  food,  for  we  had  gone  two  days  without  it  and 
without  rest  Arrived  at  said  plantation  at  6  in  the  evening.  There  are  some 
houses  on  this  estate  and  we  rested  in  one  of  them.  There  are  also  some  hogs.  The 
head  of  the  house  came  out  to  recdve  us.  The  owners  of  the  estate  are  Adolfo 
Herrera  and  Nestor  Santamasino.  I  requested  some  food  of  Mr.  Herrera,  which  was 
inmiediately  furnished,  with  Qggs,  peas,  rice,  and  pork,  sausage,  wine,  bread,  and 
coffee,  besides  orange  preserves,  and  a  good  dgar.  I  wished  to  pay  for  all  this,  but 
the  money  was  not  accepted  and  I  was  given,  furthermore,  provisions  and  some 
ammunition  for  my  rifle. 

November  IS, — On  the  morning  of  this  day  we  started  out  to  the  islets  of  La 
Gaimanera  and  £1  Jicasita,  arriving  at  11  in  the  morning.  On  these  islands  were  sev« 
eral  camps  of  Cubans  during  the  last  war.  Woods  of  all  kinds.  Many  Indian  rats. 
Bained  all  day,  preventing  our  continuing  our  march. 

November  19, — ^We  continued  to  the  river  Hanabana  which  is  the  river  dividing 
this  province  from  Santa  Clara.  Being  that  day  very  swollen,  it  was  impossible  to 
cross  it-— going  along  its  shores  until  we  reached  the  islet  of  Fermier,  at  which  we 
arrived  at  12  o'clock.  Killed  5  crocodiles,  some  birds,  and  an  Indian  rat,  which  were 
our  food.  Passed  a  bad  night  I  had  fever  and  it  rained  the  entire  night  In  this 
place  and  for  more  than  2  leagues  there  are  no  trees  but  one  ''  ceiba,"  under  which 
we  camped. 

November  iO, — In  the  morning  we  set  out  for  the  coast  toward  the  estate  known 
by  the  name  of  Jaguasa,  which  before  the  war  was  used  for  breeding  purposes. 
Arrived  there  at  12  o'clock,  where  all  the  food  we  found  was  coffee,  being  obliged  to 
continue  our  march  on  foot  and  shoeless  to  the  islet  of  La  Siguanea,  where  we  arrived 
at  4  in  the  afternoon.  This  islet,  situated  on  the  coast,  is  beautiful  by  reason  of  its 
immense  palms,  in  which  innumerable  small  parrots  have  their  nests  as  well  as  some 
species  of  marmots,  which  are  very  laige  birds  with  a  perfectly  black  plumage.  We 
camped  at  this  spot  at  the  foot  of  the  palms  and  devoted  ourselves  to  hunting  parrots 
for  our  dinner,  which  consisted  of  parrot  broth,  and  as  we  were  obliged  to  spend  the 
night  there  we  prepared  our  tents,  etc    We  retired  at  7  o'clock. 

November  21, — As  on  the  day  before  we  continued  our  march  toward  Jaguey 
Grande,  visiting  the  islets  of  Pamplona  and  Bibanasi  Prieto,  arriving  at  the  latter  at 
11  in  the  morning,  killing  5  crocodiles  and  some  birds  for  our  meals.  After  break- 
W  we  continued  to  the  Cocadrila  de  Gardo,  and  from  this  point  to  Jaguey  Grande, 
where  we  arrived  at  8  o'clock  at  night,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  ourselves  with 
shoes,  for  we  had  been^Qglm  for  four  days,  and  with  ammunition,  coffee,  tobacco, 
provisions,  and  clothing,  prepanng  ourselves  to  return  to  the  peninsula  of  Zapata  on  / 
the  following  day. 


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664  BEPOBT  OK  THE  CXIfSUS  OF  OIJBA,  1899. 

November  £9.-1  left  at  3  o*ck>ck  in  the  morning  with  the  two  gmdes,  Jaeobo  Monke 
•ad  his  son  Joee,  directly  for  the  Zapata  Penineala  and  from  there  to  the  islet  of 
Maniadoro,  arriving  at  the  swamp  at  7  in  the  morning.  It  not  being  possible  for  « 
to  go  through  the  grass  covering  it,  we  were  obliged  to  bom  it  before  ns  in  order  to 
make  our  way,  which  was  through  swamp  until  5  in  the  afternoon,  when  we  arrtred 
at  the  islet  of ''  £1  Invasor/'  where  we  camped  and  took  off  oar  dotting  wet  by  die 
heavy  rain,  falling  all  day,  while  we  ate  oar  meaL  We  kiUed  2  crooediles  dining  this 
day  in  some  brooks  located  in  the  miiddle  of  the  swamp. 

November  iS. — As  usual,  in  the  morning  of  this  day  we  oontinved  oor  march  to  the 
islets  of  Sarchicha  and  Sigeaapa,  this  crossing  being  very  arduous.  Arrived  at  these 
islets  at  2  in  the  afternoon,  where  we  only  remained  long  enoagh  to  make  some  cof« 
fee,  continuing  immediately,  as  I  wished  to  arrive  at  the  peninsola  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble, having  some  places  to  visit 

November  g4'—yery  early  in  the  morning  took  up  ike  maieh,  I  raffming  witii  fever 
and  one  of  the  guides  with  a  heavy  cold.  Arrived  at  the  peninsula  at  10  o'clock. 
Stopped  a  few  moments  to  take  coffee,  contmoing  to  the  farm  called  Maniadero.  The 
road  was  not  so  unpleasant,  being  terra  firma,  but  had  so  many  dog's  teeth.  Finally 
we  arrived  at  said  estate  at  5  in  the  afternoon.  Found  one  ftunOy  only,  the  head  of 
which,  Marcelino  Morejon,  gave  as  a  good  dinner.  Garve  us  a  hut  to  sleep  in 
and  information  on  the  land  and  forests.  Informed  me  that  the  former  was  not 
giood  for  agricultural  purpoaee,  being  too  marshy,  and  that  the  latter  were  valuable, 
although  they  had  suffered  much  through  fires. 

November  26, — ^After  taking  coffee  we  oontinoed  our  march  to  the  estate  called 
"Roble,"  1  league  distant,  which  had  inhabitants  before  the  war  but  none  now. 
Oontimied  to  theestate  of  Oasss  Nuevas,  where  we  arrived  at  11  in  the  morning,  find- 
ing several  families,  who  were  enumerated.  Continued,  after  taking  coffee,  toward 
the  estate  of  Quemado  Grande,  which  was  inhabited  before  the  war.  Continued  to 
that  of  Suito  Tomas,  which  was  also  inhabited  be^re  the  war,  arriving  there  at  6  in 
the  evening  after  a  day's  journey  of  9  leagues.  Daring  this  mardi  shot  birds  of 
various  kinds. 

November  f9.— In  the  morning  left  for  the  islets  of  £1  lial  Tiempo  and  £1  Solo, 
which  are  on  the  same  peninsula,  and  where  we  arrived  at  9  in  the  morning,  camp- 
ing to  hunt,  bhds  being  very  plentiful.  Afterwards  continued  oar  march  toward  the 
islet  called  '*  Del  Mais,"  where  we  arrived  at  2  in  the  afternoon,  and  I  enumerated  a 
family  whose  head,  Jose  Domingaex,  is  90  years  of  age.  Oontivued  our  march  to  the 
islet  of  Santa  Teresa,  where  I  had  already  been  on  my  previous  excuraon,  which 
we  were  not  able  to  reach  during  the  day,  forcing  us  to  spend  the  night  in  the  woods. 

November  t7. — Continued  this  morning  toward  the  iiriet  of  Santa  Teresa,  arriving  at 
this  point  at  9  in  the  morning.  The  inhabitants  prepared  a  good  breakfast  Alte^ 
wards  took  up  our  march  toward  Jaguey  Grande,  arriving  at  the  islet  of  Bfi^agual  at 
4  in  the  afternoon,  where  we  camped,  interrupting  our  march  on  acoomt  of  its  being 
impossible  to  continue  because  we  were  tired  out 

November  t8, — On  the  morning  of  this  day  when  we  got  up  to  continue  our  march 
we  found  that  there  were  4  crocodiles  surrounding  the  stockade  we  had  built  the  night 
before  for  our  defense.  We  dispersed  them ,  I  with  my  rifle  and  the  guides  with  their 
shotguns,  killing  8,  the  fourth  disappearing  wounded,  I  believe.  Upon  the  conclu- 
sion hereof  we  continued  the  march  toward  Jaguey  Grande,  arriving  at  the  edge 
of  the  swamp  at  7  in  the  evening,  after  a  very  heavy  march,  as  we  had  not  stof^sed 
to  rest  but  for  a  very  few  minutes.  We  camped  near  the  edge  and  prepared  to  spend 
the  night  there. 

November  t9,— In  the  morning  we  continued  our  march  toward  Jagoey  Grande, 
arriving  at  11  in  the  morning  at  the  Colonia  Galdos,  where  we  took  ooftee  and  rested, 
taking  up  our  march  again  toward  our  destination,  where  we  arrived  at  6  in  the 
evening,  almost  without  any  clothing. 


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APPENDIX   XI.  665 

In  going  over  the  peninsula  of  Zapata  from  the  iarm  of  Maniadero  to  the  islet  of 
£1  Oocodrilo,  a  distance  of  44  leagues,  I  have  observed  the  following  order:  From 
Maniadero  to  the  farm  of  Roble,  1  league;  from  this  point  to  Gasas  Nuevas,  4;  from 
Gasas  Nuevas  to  Santo  Tomas,  5;  from  Santo  Tomas  to  Maiz,  4;  from  here  to  Santa 
Teresa,  7;  from  here  to  Molina,  2;  from  Molina  to  Jiqni,  4;  from  Jiqai  to  Jucaro 
Quemado,  4  more;  from  Jucaro  to  San  Bias,  8;  and  from  here  to  Oocodrilo,  11.  All 
these  points  are  situated  in  the  heart  of  the  forests  of  this  swamp. 

The  expenses  for  food  and  guides  during  the  said  periods  amounted  to  $164. 

Jaguey  Grande,  November  28,  1889. 

SiXTO  AGRABiOMTK. 


APPENDIX  XI. 

REPORT  ON  THE  ENUMERATION  OF  THE  ISLETS  OF  THE  NORTH 
COAST  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS,  BY  FRANCISCO  MARI, 
ENUMERATOR  NO.  96. 

On  the  16th  of  October,  in  the  morning,  I  started  out  to  visit  the  islets  belonging 
to  the  province  of  Mantanaas,  for  the  purpose  of  making  the  enumeration  of  the  in- 
habitants living  thereon,  as  the  enumerator  of  the  same.  The  islets  belongmg  to 
these  waters  are  almost  without  exception  terra  firma,  and  are  proper  for  all  kinds 
of  works,  as  is  shown  by  the  provisions  which  the  inhabitants  of  the  same  have 
been  furnishing  the  market  of  Cardenas  for  years;  but  this  year,  probably  due  to 
the  drought  and  to  the  scarcity  of  seed,  little  has  been  grown. 

All  the  woods  are  hard  woods,  good  for  the  preparation  of  charcoal,  and  even  for 
the  building  of  houses.  The  inhabitants  of  Cingo  Leguas  live  entirely  isolated  from 
each  other,  probably  due  to  the  large  area  of  this  island.  Almost  all  of  these  indi- 
viduals devote  themselves  to  the  making  of  charcoal  and  to  fishing,  the  latter  almost 
exclusively  for  their  own  maintenance,  although  when  their  catch  is  large  they  take 
some  of  it  to  town  and  exchange  it  for  provisions,  but  this  is  quite  rare.  These 
people — ^men,  women,  and  children — care  absolutely  nothing  about  their  clothing. 
The  provisions  they  use  for  their  maintenance  are  almost  all  of  them  adulterated. 
They  use  no  shoes  of  any  kind.  Women  work  as  much  as  men  in  cutting  timber,  in 
the  making  of  charcoal,  and  around  the  house.    It  may  be  said  that  she  is  all  man. 

Although  these  individuals  are  not  in  danger  in  case  of  bad  weather,  on  account  of 
the  security  of  their  houses,  I  must  say  that  they  are  completely  isolated  from 
doctors  as  well  as  medicines.  The  latter  are  not  found  at  all  in  the  islets.  There  is 
no  education  at  all  in  these  islets,  the  people  being  entirely  contented  with  their 
mode  of  life. 

The  enumeration  of  the  islets  on  the  south  side  of  the  province  was  rendered  more 
difficult  than  any  others,  owing  to  the  lack  of  water  in  the  bay  of  Santa  Clara,  for 
which  reason  vessels  must  stop  at  a  great  distance  from  the  shores. 

Day  laborers  are  very  scarce.  It  may  be  said  that  these  individuals  do  not  earn 
more  than  3  to  4  reales  per  day  for  12  to  14  hours'  work.  These  individuals  deliver 
to  the  owner  or  to  the  person  in  chaige  of  the  yard  5  sacks  of  coal  for  $1.05,  and 
the  latter  sells  it  at  4  sacks  for  $2.25,  which  is  the  average  price  of  this  merchan- 
dise on  the  market.    About  300  cahaUos  are  shipped  per  month,  equal  to  1,200  sacks. 

The  same  customs  regarding  shoes,  clothing,  and  maintenance  are  applicable  to  all 
the  inhabitants  of  the  islets  in  general,  excepting  the  employees  of  the  light-houses, 
who,  being  Government  employees,  dress  differently,  and  have  some  comforts  the 
others  do  not 

The  fish  establishments  classified  on  my  schedules  as  vivaries  are  small,  composed 
of  5  or  more  persons  who  work  by  the  piece,  do  not  have  fixed  hours  of  work  nor 


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666  REPORT  ON  THE   CEK8U8  OP  CUBA,  1899. 

amount,  although  on  an  average  they  work  6  to  7  hoore  per  day.  llie  regular 
establishments,  composed  of  15  or  more  persons,  work  12  hours,  are  exposed  to 
more  danger  than  any  others,  because  these  individuals  work  in  the  water  and  gen- 
ally  at  night.  Their  victuals  are  poor,  and  they  earn  30  centavoe  per  day.  In  Cayo 
Cingo  Leguas  there  are  a  number  of  goats  and  hens,  which  can  not  be  estimated, 
because  their  state  of  procreation  dates  back  9  years.  There  is  furthermore  a  large 
saline  territory  belonging  to  the  same  owner  of  this  islet,  which  is  not  beii^  worked 
at  the  present  time. 

The  distances  from  one  islet  to  another  are  moderate,  and  may  be  covered  in  more 
or  less  time,  according  to  the  wind  and  the  sea,  which  latter  influences  the  vesRls 
very  much. 

The  dangers  and  difficulties  we  encountered  I  communicated  to  you  at  the  proper 
time  in  my  schedules  in  the  first  and  second  delivery  I  made  to  you  during  the 
latter  half  of  the  month  of  October. 

Although  I  do  not  remember  exactly,  1  believe  that  the  number  of  islets  enumer- 
ated by  me  amounted  to  70,  although  the  plan  shows  only  36.  The  data  which  I 
gave  you,  together  with  the  information  I  have  been  able  to  collect,  cover  all  the 
points  mentioned  in  your  letter. 

I  do  not  know  whether  I  have  fulfilled  my  duty  in  this  ccmneetion. 

Frakcisco  Mabi,  EwmMraim  No.  96. 

Cabdbnas,  November  fff,  1S99. 


APPENDIX  XU. 

REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  THE  CITY  OF  CARDENAS,  BY  INSTRUCTING 
ENUMERATOR  NUMBER  54,  MARIA  NUUEZ  DE  VILLA VICENCIO. 

Sir:  From  the  time  I  had  the  honor  of  being  selected  by  you  to  instruct  the 
municipality  of  Cardenas,  where  I  had  under  my  chaige  20  enumerators  to  prepare 
and  direct,  I  realized  the  importance  of  the  efforts  I  would  have  to  make  to  fulfill 
my  duty.  You  only  could  make  me  accept  so  thorny  a  position,  and  only  the 
requests  of  so  gentlemanly  a  man  as  the  Assistant  Director  could  force  me  to  make  a 
report  on  the  work  of  the  census  in  the  city  of  Cardenas. 

On  the  15th  of  September  I  came  to  this  city  to  attend  the  classes  which  you  were 
giving,  and  after  eight  days*  attendance  and  good  preparation  I  left  for  Oardenas,  to 
do  the  same  work  with  the  enumerators  under  my  chaige.  On  the  31st  I  sent  a 
notice  to  all  by  means  of  a  circular,  and  from  the  Ist  of  October  to  the  15th  I  gave 
daily  classes  to  the  gentlemen  ftnd  ladies.  I  found  it  rather  difficult  to  get  the  former 
to  attend  because,  after  two  days,  they  informed  me  that  they  thought  themselves 
well  prepared;  but  I  requested  them  to  attend  because  the  supervisor  had  thus 
ordered  me,  and  that  my  duty  was,  before  all,  to  fulfill  the  orders  of  my  chief.  I 
thus  convinced  them,  and  they  came  daily  to  the  classes.  As  I  had  only  five  or  six 
population  schedules,  and  as  there  were  20  enumerators,  I  could  not  explain  to  each 
one,  and  I  was  obliged  to  make  use  of  a  large  slate,  on  which  I  traced  the  same  lines 
into  which  the  population  schedules  were  divided,  and  on  the  other  side  I  drew  an 
agricultural  schedule  or  the  school  schedule,  as  was  necessary.  After  inserting  the 
same  sections,  and  after  having  given  some  lessons,  I  requested  them,  one  by  one,  to 
show  me  on  the  slate  the  different  cases  which  might  occur.  The  same  gentlemen 
who  at  the  beginning  did  not  wish  to  attend  came  with  pleasure,  and  many  took 
notes  on  a  piece  of  paper  of  the  questions  they  wished  me  to  explain,  which  I  did 
with  much  pleasure,  being  glad  to  see  that  they  were  disposed  to  obey.  I  only 
wished  to  take  as  much  weight  off  your  shoulders  as  possible,  and  I  did  everything 
possible  to  keep  the  enumerators  of  Cardenas  from  troubling  you  more  than  possible. 


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APPENDIX  xn.  667 

I  must  also  state  that  the  regular  and  constant  progress  we  have  had  has  been  due 
only  to  the  intelligence  and  good  order  yon  showed  in  the  minutest  detail.  The 
plans  you  gave  each  of  us,  where  the  streets  were  indicated,  street  by  street,  prepared 
the  work  for  us  in  so  dear  a  manner  and  so  minutely  that  doubts  were  impossible. 
Another  factor  was  your  promptness  in  answering  my  telegrams,  of  which  I  sent  a 
few,  not  wishing  to  do  anything  without  your  approval. 

Among  my  enumerators  there  were  three  who  were  to  enumerate  the  country,  the 
one  of  Guasimas,  the  other  of  Varadero,  and  the  one  of  the  islets.  It  was  difficult 
for  me  to  conmiunicate  my  orders  to  these  at  once,  but  I  made  use  of  messengers  and 
communicated  them.  The  enumerator  of  the  islets  is  seriously  ill  in  consequence  of 
the  rains,  because  only  on  account  of  dire  necessity  and  because  there  was  no  one 
else  there  I  was  obliged  to  take  him.  This  poor  young  man  I  do  not  believe  will  be 
saved. 

I  must  state  that  on  the  15th  of  October  I  was  sorry  to  learn  that  a  demonstration 
was  in  preparation  against  the  enumerators  who  had  come  from  Matanzas,  of  which 
I  was  informed  by  some  of  them.  I  believed  that  the  best  thing  to  do,  after  serious 
reflection  and  hearing  the  opinion  of  others,  was  to  apply  to  the  local  authorities, 
with  whom  we  had  a  conference.  Their  prompt  orders  calmed  the  three  or  four  who 
were  influencing  the  rest,  and  on  the  16th  all  of  them,  without  exception,  began 
their  work,  which  I  had  the  pleasure  of  communicating  to  you  by  telegraph. 

The  progress  from  that  day  has  been  quiet,  with  the  exception  of  small  incidents 
with  some  unimportant  Spaniards,  the  importance  of  which  is  so  insignificant  that 
they  do  not  deserve  recounting.  The  enumerators  of  the  city  came  every  night  to 
my  house  and  gave  me  a  detailed  account  of  the  work.  I  revised  their  schedules, 
made  the  proper  corrections,  and  encouraged  them  to  keep  isith  with  you  and  to 
comply  with  the  daily  work  which  the  assistant  director  recommended.  I  must  here 
relate  a  fact  which  shows  the  conscientiousness  of  the  persons  under  my  care  and 
direction.  The  necessity  of  increasing  the  number  of  enumerations,  and  the  notice 
which  they  saw— g:iven  them  by  I  do  not  know  who — ^to  the  effect  that  you  had  sus- 
pended several  enumerators  of  Matanzas  for  not  having  enumerated  a  sufficient  num- 
ber, caused  great  dissatisfaction,  obliging  me  to  request  your  presence  by  telegraph. 
Your  arrival  calmed  them,  and  the  census  continued  witiiout  any  hitch. 

Many  cases  were  submitted  to  me  of  families  enumerated  in  other  places,  which 
cases,  after  being  communicated  to  you,  were  favorably  decided  by  you,  always 
within  twelve  hours.  The  same  occurred  when  you,  at  the  request  of  the  supervisor 
of  Santa  Clara,  asked  for  the  enumeration  of  the  Arencibia  family.  Within  an  hour 
I  had  procured  the  information  from  the  proper  enumerator  and  had  answered  what 
was  necessary. 

The  good  will  and  the  intelligence  of  the  enumerators  made  my  work  simple. 
Thus  I  was  enabled  to  forward  every  five  days  a  recapitulation  by  telegraph  and  the 
reports  of  each  day  by  mail.  On  such  days  the  enumerators  would  assemble,  and 
the  sum  of  the  inhabitants,  houses,  estates,  and  animals  was  quickly  made,  and  it 
was  possible  for  me  to  forward  them  to  you.  Only  the  two  enumerators  of  the  coun- 
try and  the  one  of  the  islets  did  not  come  punctually— <lue  to  their  distance  from 
here — being  put  back  one  or  two  days. 

As  a  proof  of  the  respect  they  commanded,  it  is  sufficient  to  state  that  the  police 
was  not  necessary  once,  and  that  the  ladies  were  respected  and  considered  on  all 
hands.  This  was  the  case  when,  in  connection  with  the  enumerator  of  the  islets,  I 
personally  visited  all  those  who  owned  vessels  in  order  to  secure  a  boat 

I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  again  when  you  came  with  the  conmiission  to 
make  the  payments,  leaving  the  entire  personnel  grateful  for  your  kindness. 

I  conclude  in  stating  that  my  life  was  running  along  smoothly,  devoted  to  the  care 
of  my  parents  and  to  the  work  of  a  school,  when  you  called  me  to  a  new  occupation 
with  which  I  was  unacquainted.    And  I  to-day  am  aware  of  the  fact  that  the  battle 


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668 


BEPOBT  OK  THX   0BN8U8  Or  CUBA,  1890. 


for  CTittepce  is  a  prerogative  of  htunamty,  and  that  woman  can  and  mint  aapport 
heiBelf,  being  eatisfted  with  mjrself,  and  even  more  eo  for  having  aatiifted  Ike  n^- 
vbor  who  honored  me. 
CardenM,  December  14,  1899. 

Mabia  Nunbx  db  Villa vicsxcio, 

Claudio  Dcmaa, 

^mperxitor  of  the  Omnu  of  the  Province  of  MakmzaM 


APPENDIX  XIU. 


JCnumrration  districU  and  enumeratom. 
PROVINCE  OP  HABANA. 


No. 


Enumeration  dbnricts. 

En  nm  era.  tof^ 

Designation. 

Part  of  the 
do.... 

JUDICIAL  DIOTRICre:  SIX. 

Municipal  diMriH,  U<Umum, 
citjof  Habana 

j\ 

F 

do 

F 

do .    ... 

F 

do 

F 

do 

F 

do 

E 

do .            

A 

do 

J\ 

do .         ..      . 

A 

do 

F 

do 

Pi 

do 

S< 

do 

8<                                              yOranda 

do 

Ji 

do 

Ji 

do 

R 

do 

Y 

do... 

:... 

R 

do 

R 

do 

O 

do 

A 

do 

R 

do 

£ 

do...                                     

do 

Pi 

do 

E 

da 

G 

do 

R 

do 

N 

do 

A 

do 

R                                             a. 

do 

R.  S.  Spencer. 

do 

Gabriel  R.  Capote. 

do 

..do...    .                             

Jofl6Viada. 

do 

Alfredo  Ruis. 

.do..                            

Gonzalo  de  CArdenaa. 

do 

Alfredo  Preaas. 

do 

F.  Argilaffos. 
Manuel  Romero. 

....do 

do      .              

Juan  B.  Acosta. 

.do 

Jofl6Leante. 

do                    

Alfredo  Mingnes. 

.do 

Alfredo  Brlto  Croxado. 

do 

Emeato  Ciierro  Eliglo. 

.do 

Gustavo  M.  Alberty. 
Alberto  Uiago  y  Canlenas. 
Santiago  Auricb  y  Herrem. 
Mnnuel  C.  Cnir 

do             

do 

do             

do                    

Juan  F.  Machado  y  Hemandes. 

. .  .  .do 

MaUlde  Rodriguez. 

. .    .do  

Pablo  M.  Bsplujuea. 

do 

JOSOM.ACOBU. 

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APPEirDiz  xm. 


669 


EnHmeratUm  dittrict$  and  emtmer<dor$^^kmiinxied, 
PROVIKCB  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


EnumenUion  district!. 

No. 

Designation. 

fi5 

Part  of 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

JUDIHAL  districts:  six— continued, 
the  city  of  Habana 

Costo  A.  Basco. 

M 

Francisco  A.  Ragusa. 
Ricardo  Carreras. 

f>7 

58 

FranPagte. 
L.  D.  Acoeta. 

50 

m 

Jorge  Luis  Silverla. 
Rafael  de  C6rdoya. 

Ai 

«? 

Mariano  R.Za7as. 

68 

64 

Raoul  Arango. 
Francisco  6.  Yglesias. 
Ancel  Gonzalez  y  gangully. 
JoeiSariolyVamjo. 
Segundo  C6rvison. 
Manuel  J.  Garcia. 

65 

66 

67 

68 

m 

70 

Cedlio  Marrero. 

71 

Francisco  R.  Laguardia. 
Julio  Martin  y  Lamy. 
Pedro  Pons  Puente. 

7? 

73 

74 

Ansrel  J.  Gonsalez  Rastre. 

75 

Manuel  Andreu. 

76 

Enrique  NApoles  Fajardo. 
Andres  R.  Nayarrete. 

77 

78 

Jos6Leal. 

79 

Ricardo  Ceballoa. 

80 

Jo06Lean4s. 

81 

F.Manito. 

8? 

Hortensia  Del  Monte. 

83 

Ernesto  Jerez  Varona. 

84 

Jos4  Ant6n  y  Alcali. 
Ernesto  Araoc. 

85 

86 

Bra.  F^rmina  de  CArdenas. 

87 

Bra.  Victoria  A.  de  Gonzales. 

88 

An  to.  Aguiar. 

89 

Enrique  Porto  y  Vandrelt. 

LuisLippi. 

Bra.  Letlcia  Del  Monte. 

90 

91 

9? 

Ramon  de  la  Villa. 

93 

Miguel  Ortiz  yCarriUo. 
Bra.  Enriqueta  Riera. 
Leocadia  Avilds. 

94 

95 

96 

MiguelF.de  Lara. 

97 

Jos6M.Mdfiez. 

98 

Manuel  de  Armas. 

99 

Quillermo  M.Opancio. 

100 

101 

102^ 

103  I 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

110 

111 

112 

113 

114 

116 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 

122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do, 
..do. 
..do. 


I  Guillermo  CaniQeJa. 
'  Ernesto  M.  Barbosa. 

Luis  C.  Dulzaides. 

Joaquin  Pardo  Suarez. 

Ram6n  A.  Plaseneia. 

Juan  P14  y  Lorenzo. 

Pedro  Grifol. 

Juan  B.  Acosta. 

Alfredo  Brito. 

Francisco  Lopez  y  Mavol. 

Francisco  R.  P.  Medialdea. 

Aurelio  CArdenat*. 

Juan  Viv6  y  Cerdefia. 

Bra.  Dolores  P.  de  Dominguez. 

Dionisio  Castro  Plans. 

Julian  V.  Sierra. 

Manuel  de  J.  Garcia. 

Jos4  de  Toca. 

Miguel  Fernandez  V  Garcia. 

Manuel  Suejnas  y  Robert. 

Al.  Franca. 

Juan  L.  Rodriguez. 

Jos6  A.  P^rez. 

Manuel  de  Armes. 

Jos6  Roca  y  Grif61. 

M.  Fernandez. 

Juan  Pomar. 

Domingo  8.  Garcia. 

Enrique  Tnijillo. 

Mariano  Acosta. 


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670 


B£POBT  ON  THX   OXKSUtt  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

EmtmeraHon  duiriet$  and  €iMim^raCdr»— Contmodd. 
PBOVmCK  or  HABANX-Oootlnued. 


fnuinentioin  dlftricta. 


No. 


DedcDfttkm. 


lao 

131 
132 
133 
184 
135 
186 
187 
138 
139 
140 
141 
142 
143 
144 
145 
146 
147 
148 
149 
150 
151 
152 
153 
154 
155 
156 
157 
158 
159 
160 
161 
162 
163 
164 
165 
166 
167 
168 
169 
170 
171 
172 
173 
174 
175 
176 
177 
178 
179 
180 
181 
182 
183 


184 
185 
186 
187 
188 
189 
190 
191 
192 
193 
194 
195 


196 
197 


JUDICIAL  DiiTBicn:  nx— oonttniMd. 
iNnidpal  dithid,  Hobana— OonttniMd. 


Put  of  tb«  city  of  Habftoa... 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Fin*  part,  Arroya  Nayanjo . . . 

Second  pcirt  Arroyo  Naranjo . 

First  part  Calvario 

Second  part  Calvario 


JUDICIAL  DnrraicT,  mabianao. 
Municipal  district^  Marianao. 


First  part  of  Puentes  Grande. . . . 
Second  part  of  Pnentes  Qrande . 
Third  part  of  Puentes  Grande. . . 

First  part  of  Quemados 

Second  part  of  Qaemados 

Tliird  part  of  Quemados 

First  part  of  Cocoasolo 

Second  part  of  Cocoesolo 

First partof  Pocito 

Second  part  of  Pooito 

Lisa 

Playa 


Municipal  district,  Bauta. 


Hoyo  Colorado 

Baracoa,  Anafe^and  Coralillo  . 


Jofs^BntenflL 
Franco  deB.  Ptcharda 
Jacinto  Chaple. 
Oscar  G.  de  lot  Reyes. 
Joa6  Mendes  y  Pi^tea. 
FMerloo  de  la  Pas  y  Benita. 
Luiaa  CaMdo  de  NocM>. 
Joaquin  H4via. 
Frandsoo  Polo  y  Dial. 
Joa6  NocY^Ut. 
SandaloNoraL 
Sersfln  de  BoUyar. 
Benjamin  Hoiaclieck. 
Eduaido  PattenoiL 
Aurelio  de  OArdenas. 
Joa6  ValTerdl  y  Loada. 
Guillermo  MoUnet. 
Girlos  Wegener. 
Jos6Marto8. 
Gustavo  Alfonso. 
NemoGulU6. 

Fianciaoo  Gmve  de  Peralta. 
Alberto  Guill6. 
Juan  M.  Lamadrld. 
Bmeli6  Oarrera. 
Franco  Carrlllo  y  Cf^anell. 
Jos6  Cauvadl  y  Topete. 
Ante  Morejon  y  Capote. 
£.  Goiualex  Acosta. 
Mariano  P.  VilUlon. 
Franco  B.  Martines. 
JuanPomar. 
Joi^  P.  Carri6n. 
Manuel  Romero. 
Manuel  F.  Bolafios. 
Constantino  R.  Zayas. 
Fernando  8.  Amat. 
Franciaoo  L.  Mayol 
Gonsalo  Jorrin. 
CastoA.Rasoo. 
Gustayo  Alfonso. 
Julio  Fabre. 
Juan  A.  Michelena. 
Luis  P.  de  Teran. 
Francisco  Polo  y  Dias. 

Do. 
Jos4  Alfonso. 
Miguel  Rodriguez. 
Emilia  de  Coraova. 
Gustavo  GavaldA. 
Anto.J.Marti. 
Pedro  Macbado. 
Joaquin  Pardo  Suarez. 
Banasgo  G.  Aranda. 


A.  A.  Martinez. 
Martin  Morgado. 
Francisco  P.  Petia. 
Pedro  Saiuz. 
Jo86  A.  Yturrioa. 
Carlos  Quintero  Ybafiez. 
Antonio  M»  Le6n. 
Manuel  H.  Scmabria. 
Miguel  Torriente. 
Pedro  R.Alfaro. 
Carlos  Martin  y  Cruz. 
Pedro  Sainz. 


A.Santa  Ana. 
C&rlos  Valdes  Rosas. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APFBmiz  xm. 


671 


EnumertMtUm  dittrkU  and  enumeratan — Contkiued. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— CootiDaed. 


Bnumeratloo  diatrictB. 


No. 


DeiignAtion. 


Enomeratora. 


196 
199 

aoo 


201 
a02 
206 


204 
205 
206 

207 
206 
209 

210 
211 
212 
213 
214 
215 
216 
217 
218 


219 
220 
221 


226 
227 
228 
229 
280 


281 
232 

233 

284 


286 
287 


239 
240 
241 


JUDICIAL  DiaTBICT.  MAKIANO— OOntillUed. 

Mwmieipal  dittrid,  Hcnda-Continaed. 

QnatAo  ana  San  Pedro 

Ponta  Brara  and  Gannejeiaa 

Ponta  Brava  deide  Calle  de  YlMifios  nonot  el  Sur 

MumieipaldiiMct,  El  Oano. 

El  Cano  7  Jalmanitos 

Arroyo  Arenas 

W^Jay 

JUDICIAL  DUTRICT,  GUANABAOOA. 

Mwiidpal  diatrict,  Ouanabacoa. 

Bite  de  la  ABimci6n  (ciudadde  Ouanabacoa) 

First  part  de  Oeste  Asunci6n  (riudad  de  Qnanabacoa)... 
Second  part  de  Oeste  Asuncidn  (ciudad  de  Ouana- 
bacoa). 

Este  de  San  Francisco 

Oeste  de  San  Francisco 

First  part  de  Cruz  Verde 

Second  part  de  Cms  Verde 

Este  de  Corral  Falso 

Oeste  de  Corral  Falso 

Cojimar 

Bacuranao 

Bacuranao 

San  Miguel  de  Padr6n 

San  Ptancisco  de  Paulay  Pepe  Antonio 

Campo  Florida 

Municipal  ditMel,  Managua. 

Managua  (pueblo) 

Domingo  PJEkblo,  Lechuga,  y  Ojo  de  Agua 

Barreto,  Masareno,  Canoa,  Ramos,  Platano  y  Afiilito.... 

Municipal  ditMd,  Xegla. 

First  part  of  the  first  barrio 

Second  part  of  the  first  barrio 

Third  part  of  the  first  barrio 

First  part  of  the  second  barrio 

Second  part  of  the  second  barrio 

First  part  of  the  third  barrio 

Second  part  of  the  third  barrio 

First  part  of  the  fourth  barrio 

Second  part  of  the  fburth  barrio 

Municipal  di$trict,  Santa  Maria  del  Roaario, 

Pueblo  de  Santa  Maria  del  Rosario 

First  part  of  San  Pedro  que  de  al  Sur  de  la  Curretera  de 

la  Habana  4  Ofiines. 
Second  part  of  San  Pedro  que  de  al  Sur  de  la  Curretera 

de  la  Habana  &  0<iinee. 
Capote,  Orillo,  Cambut4,  and  San  Antonio 

JUDICIAL  DISTBICT,  JARUOO. 

Municipal  diMtrict,  Jarcuo. 

Pueblo  Piatt,  Comercio,  and  Cuart^l 

Maceo,  Qarro,  Ouaicanamar,  and  Tablas 

Puenti,  Escaleria,  Pertl,  Arroyo  Vuelto,  Trinidad,  Cas- 

tilla,  and  Santa  Barbara. 
Bocade,  Jaruco,  Quanabo,  Santa  Ana,  Cruz  del  Padre, 

Loma  Blanca,  Rincon,  Pefias  Altas,  Justiz,  and  Campo 

Florida. 

Municipal  diatrict,  AguacaU. 

Pueblo  de  Aguacate , 

Zabalita 

ReloJ  yCompostizo 


Octayio  Portela. 
Tomis  Q.  Estrada. 
Qonzalo  de  Castroreide. 


Jos6  H.  Hernandez. 
Adolfo  F.  Rodriguez, 
Carlos  Morales  y  Martin. 


Fran«*  Bautista. 
Lutgarda  Arteags. 
Fian«  Qorrin  y  Llorens. 

Enrique  Rodriguez. 
Jos4  KBOOvedo. 
Martin  Rodriguez. 
Miguel  F.  Ventura. 
Quadalupe  Marty. 
Waldo  Oonzalez. 
D.  Montan^r. 
Jos6  Martinez. 
Mariano  Puig. 
Jos6  A.  Miyaya. 
TomAs  Suirez  Castilla. 
Oscar  Ferrer. 


Joaquin  de  la  Pezuela  y  Oiroud. 
Ramiro  de  los  Santos. 
Oonzalo  del  Crlsto. 


Martin  Sanchez. 
A.V.Caneghem. 
Manuel  Ledo  y  Olivos. 
T.Aguiar. 
Domingo  Toro. 
Joa6  Manuel  Blanco. 
Juan  F.  E^uileor. 
Luis  G.  Llorente. 
Orfllio  Muro  y  Garoia. 


Bduardo  Zamora. 
Juan  M.  Pons. 

Jos^Pons. 

Manuel  M».  Rodriguez. 


Joaquin  M.  Diaz. 
Pedro  Parra. 
Amado  Qonttles. 

Franco  Calder6n. 


Sefiorlta  M*.  Antonio  M.  de  Bolafios. 
Ramon  Castellanos. 
Qonzalo  Averhoff. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


672 


BEPOBT  OK  THS  0EN8U8  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Enumeration  (Miicls  ^nd  emtmeraUm — Gontuiued. 
PROVINCB  OP  HABAMA-^OoBtfimed. 


Enmnenktloii  diftricts. 


No. 


DeaigDAtlon. 


242 
248 

244 


245 


246 
247 
248 

249 
250 


251 
252 


258 


254 
255 


256 
267 


258 
259 

260 
261 
262 
268 
264 
265 
266 
267 
268 
269 
270 
271 


272 
278 
274 
275 
276 
277 
278 
279 
280 
281 


282 
283 
284 


JUDICIAL  DDTBICT,  JASUOO— OO&tilllMd. 

Municipal  dUMd,  Batnoa. 

BftinoA  and  Santo  Gnu 

Garaballo 

Mamey  Doro  and  BeloJ 

Municipal  dUtria,  Quiouai. 

Paeblo  de  Caateuas,  Armenteroa,  Bainoa,  Don  Martin, 
and  Rancho  Vlejo. 

Municipal  diMHei,  Santa  Onudd  Norte, 

Pueblo  de  Jabicoa,  San  Juan  de  Dios,  j  San  Loranxo 

Pueblo  de  Santo  Cruz  del  Norte 

Pueblo  de  San  Antonio.  Ri6  Blanco,   and   Urban  of 

Ynffenlo,  Loteria. 
Rural  of  San  Antonla,  Bi6  Blanco,  and  Ynmnlo,  Carmen. 
Barriofl  mralla  de  Corredezas,  Carboneraa,  La  Siena,  San 

Matias  y  Soledad. 

Municipal  dittHct.SanJote  de  Uu  Ixnjae, 

First  part  of  cabeoera  of  San  Joe6  de  la«  Laja« 

First  part  of  second  part  of  oabecera  of  San  Jos^  de  las 

Lajas. 
Second  part  of  second  part  of  cabecera  of  San  Joa6  de 

las  LaJas  and  Portugaiete,  y  Poblado  Cuatro  Camino. 

Cortilla,  and  Chaves  y  Managuaoo 

Jamaica,  y  Oanusa 

Municipal  diMtriet,  Tbpaate, 

Pueblo  de  Tapaste,  San  Andrte,  y  Poblado  Cuatro 

Caminos. 
Barrios  rurales  de  Santo  BArbara  y  J&ula 

JUDICIAL  DISTBICT,  SAK  AlfTONIO  DK  LOS  BAAOS. 

Municipal  district,  San  Antonio  de  loe  BailUa. 

First  parte  de  norte  (dty  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Bafios). . 
Second  parte  de  norte  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los 

Bafios). 
First  parte  de  sur  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Bafios) . . . . 
Second  parte  de  sur  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Bafios) . . 
First  parte  de  este  (dty  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Bafios)  . . . 
Second  parte  de  este  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Bafios) . 

Chlcharo 

Santo  Rosa 

Ouintona 

Seborucal 

Qovea 

Monjas 

Valle 

Armonia 

Municipal  district,  Alquizar. 

First  parte  de  first  barrio  in  pueblo  (Alquisar) 

Second  parte  de  first  barrio  in  pueblo  (Alquisar) 

First  p^te  de  second  barrio  in  pueblo  (Alquizar) 

Second  parte  de  second  barrio  in  pueblo  (Alquizar) . — 

Este  parte  de  Tumbadero » 

Oeste  parte  de  Tumbadero 

Palenque 

Guanimar 

La  Paz 

San  Andrte , 

Municipal  district,  Ceiba  dd  Agua. 

Pueblo  de  Ceiba  del  A^ua , 

Capellanias  La  Paz,  Palma  Picada  y  Palonino 

Virtudes  y  ChiGbarr6n 


Qer6nimo  Nadal. 

JoadM.Roeo. 

NiooUsBodilgiies. 


Miguel  Mateo. 


Manuel  Vilaret 
Francisco  Rooira. 
Antonio  Borjes. 

Jos^J.Brito. 
Jos^Ruiz. 


Delfln  Domingues. 
Esteban  L6pes. 

A.  T.  Mendez  Nufiez. 

Byariato  A.  Gonzalez. 
Arturo  Echezarreta. 


Abelardo  V.  A«ya. 
Bemandino  Fdmandes. 


Sra.  C6Ua  de  Cyrera. 

Sra.  Clem^itlna  Gispert  y  Gaioia. 

C&rmen  S.  Almeida. 
Sra.  Dolores  Gispert  Garcia. 
Tito  Yllera  y  Schmidt. 
Mignel  A.  Porto. 
F.  Fernandez  Cadenas. 
BCarlano  Porto  Rlveio. 
Juan  A.  Casanova  y  Valdes. 
Miguel  Francisco  Porto. 
Ramiro  V.  Hernandez. 
Francisco  F.  Sanchez. 
Francisco  Monteio  LeaL 
Francisco  VlTaneo. 


Alfredo  Y.  Amoedo. 
Juan  M.  Peres  de  Alderete. 
Hip61ito  Reyna. 
An.  Neguemela  y  Viera. 
Luis  Marquettl. 
Hip61ito  Rejna. 
Ricardo  Villaescusa. 
Enrique  MArques. 
Di6niBio  R.  Leouona. 
Alfredo  Y.  Amoedo. 


Man  J.  Acevedo. 
Avelino  Ybatao. 
Luis  B.  Sanchez. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


APPENDIX   XIII. 


673 


Enumeration  duftrids  and  enumerators — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— ConUnued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  8AK  ANTONIO  DB  LOS  BAJ^OS. 

Municipal  district,  Ouira  de  Helena, 

Pueblo  de  Giiira  de  Melena,  norte 

Pueblo  de  Giiira  de  Melena,  sur , 

Jsrex 

Tumbadero , 

Melena , 

Juribacoa 

Gabriel 

Cajio , 

Sibanacan 

Municipal  district,  Vcreda  Xueva. 

Barrio  Norte 

Barrio  Sur 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  BEJUCAL. 

Municipal  distrid,  Bcjucal. 

First  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal) 

Second  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal) 

Third  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal) 

First  part  of  the  fourth  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal) 

Second  part  of  the  fourih  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal 

and  Pfedras). 
J^sus  Maria,  Santa  Barbara,  Beltran,  Poveda,  Aguas 

Verdes.and  Viaj&cas. 

Municipal  district,  Bataband. 

First  parte  de  Suigidero 

Second  parte  de  Surffidero 

Third  parte  de  Surgfdero 

Fourth  parte  de  Surgidero 

Batabano , 

Mayaguano , 

San  Agustin  and  Quintanal 

Guanabo 

Distrito,  especial  islets  of  the  south  and  southwest 

Municipal  ditirid,  Quivican. 


Pueblo  de  Ouirican 

Delicias  and  Arango 

Jaiguan  and  GOiro  Alarrero. 


Mario  Diaz  y  Mardrettl. 
Francisco  Ede  H^via. 
Miguel  D.  Rodriguez, 
JO06  Ygnacio  Leal. 
Enrique  Odriozola. 
Marcelino  Odriosola. 
Enrique  Odriozola. 
Gustavo  Diaz. 
Marcelino  Odriozola. 


Pedro  Sanchez  Chople. 
Juan  Manuel  Diaz. 


Fran*  Jener. 
Lorenzo  Garcia. 
Max  AgHero. 
Placido  Hernandez. 
Armando  Comas. 

Manuel  Bocanegnu 


Branlio  Delgado. 
OctaYio  Delgado. 
Francisco  de  la  Paz. 
Generoso  C.  Marquetti. 
Enrique  Casuao. 
Wilfredo  FerrAn. 
Carlos  Fonseca. 
Pablo  M.  Casuso. 
Pedro  Parra. 


Juan  Beiro. 
Fran»  Cris6stomo. 
Manuel  Coipel. 


Municipal  district,  Santiago  de  las  Vegas. 


First  parte  de  norte  (cuidad  Santiago  de  las  Vegas) . 
Second  parte  de  norte  (cuidad  Santiago  de  las  Vegas) . 


Mani  Oarbalosa. 

„  „    .         Arturo  Rodrigiuei. 

First  parte  de  sur  (cuidad  Santiago  de  las  V^as) 1  Ma.  del  C.  Sva.  Pelligero. 

Second  parie  de zur  (cuidad  Santiago  de  las  Vegas) '  Juan  Garbalosa. 

First  parte  de  Calabazar Enriquede  Le6n. 

Second  parte  de  Calabozar ,  Oirlos  O.  Gayton. 

Boyeros Jos^Miklefl. 

Dona  Maria I  Juan  F.  dez  de  Cossio. 

Rlncon I  Teodoro  Cabrera. 

Municipal  district,  La  ScUud. 

Paletas 

Pledras,  Chicharron,  and  Buenaventura 

Villarreal,  Gabriel,  GilirodeBofligal 

Municipal  district,  San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas. 

Pueblo  y  Rid  Blanco 

Jano,  and  San  Josii  de  Veitia  y  Concepcion 

Municipal  dittrict,  San  Fdipe. 

Pueblo  de  San  Felipe 

Aguacate 

24662 i'6 


Ledo  A.  L.  Navarro. 
Manuel  Dorta. 
Gumessuido  Cabrera 


J  06^  Hernandez. 
Andr^  Cabrera. 


JoH^  V.  Garcia. 
Luis  Peraza. 


Digitized  by 


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674 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1809. 

Enumtration  dishricU  and  enumeralon — Continaed. 
PROVINCE  OP  HABANA-Contlnaed. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Dedgnatlon. 


EnnmeratorB. 


880 
831 
832 


885 
836 
837 
838 
839 
340 
841 
842 


843 
844 


846 
846 
847 
848 


849 
850 
851 


862 
858 
854 
865 
856 
857 
858 
869 


860 
861 
862 
868 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  BBJUCAL— OOnttnued. 

Municipal  didrid,  YdadePinoi. 

Nueya  Oerona,  y  Sierra  de  Casas  y  Sierra  de  Caballas. , 

Santa  Fe 

Cuchilla  Alta,  Caleta  Grande  7  Carboneras 


JUDICIAL  DurrKiCT,  ot^ncn. 

Municipal  dittrict,  QUinct. 

First  part  of  the  first  district  of  OOines  y  Rnbio 

Second  part  of  the  first  district  of  OQinesyCms 

First  part  of  the  seoond  district  of  Gaines 

Second  part  of  the  second  district  of  GClines 

First  part  of  the  third  district  of  GUines 

Second  partof  the  third  districtof  GOines  y  Llamarac:uas. 

Fourth  district  of  GUines 

Candela  Sur,  Candela  Norte  y  Goanajo 

CandelaBaia.San  Pedro  y  San  Julian 

Nombrede  Dios , 


Municipal  dittrict,  OaiaUna. 

Catalina  Norte  (Pueblo  de),  Lechugas,  Encamacion, 

Ocano  y  San  Bias. 
Pueblo  de  Catalina  Sur,  San  Marcos,  Alderete,  San  Jos6 

y  Combre. 

Municipal  didrid,  Madruffo. 

Este  de  la  Pueblo , 

Oestede  la  Puebloy  Ytabo , 

Cayajabos  and  Sabana  de  Robles , 

Concordia  Ban  Bias,  and  Majagua , 


Municipal  distrid,  MOma  del  Sur. 


First  part  de  Pueblo 

Second  part  de  Pueblo  y  Costa . ., 
Lechugas,  San  Julian  y  Charcas. 


Municipal  diMHet,  Nueva  i\is. 


First  part  of  Pueblo  Nueva  Paz  .... 
Second  part  of  Pueblo  Nueva  Pas., 

Bagaes 

Pueblo  de  Palos , 

Rural  de  Palos  al  Norte 

Rural  de  Paloe  al  Sur , 

First  part  of  Vegas , 

Seoond  part  of  Vegas 


Municipal  dittrid,  San  Nicoldt, 


Pueblo  yJobo 

Paradero  and  Gabriel , 

Babiney,  Prieto,  y  Caimito. 
Barbudo 


Municipal  dittiid,  Ouara, 


Pueblo  and  Nayio 

Bayamo,  Ruiz,  Ponce,  and  Costa. . 


Municipal  didrid,  Pipian, 
Pipian  (town), El  Jobo,Saldiyar,y  Corral. 


Jo06  8.A]nat 
Claudio  Diax. 
Nardflo  Oarcasea. 


RafttelH.Tanea. 
Maximo  Femandes. 
Ygnacio  Pixarro. 
Juan  Pacheco  Gomes. 
Pedro  Nufies  y  Nufies. 
Francisco  J.  Castellanoa. 
Federico  Zervig&n. 
Aurells  Graco. 
J.  M*  Ortega. 
Carlos  Figuerado. 


Enrique  Alyares. 
RaftelL6pes. 


Clara  M.  Pardeftas. 
Antonio  Galeano. 
Armando  Femandes. 
Alberto  Poio. 


Marcos  D.  Oonialei. 
Joe6  Peres. 
JuanOa0t6n. 


Jot6Nogaeinu 
Comelio  Bosquet 
Bemadlno  Pach6ii. 
Qregoilo  Venero. 
Antonio  M»  Perdoma 
Antonio  M»  Peulomo. 
Obddlio  Marrero. 
Lois  A«  Dtehard. 


Anrello  Mulkay. 
LulsMedel. 
Antonio  Blyaa. 
Miguel  Troya. 


Rufo  Lopes. 
Firmlro  Alfbnso. 


Agustin  Femandes. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


APPENDIX   Xm. 


675 


Efnumeralion  districts  and  enumeratora — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Enumeration  districte. 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DI8TBICT,  MATANZAS. 

Municipal  district,  Canati. 


First  partede  la  diatrito  norte 

Second  partede  la  distrito  norte  y  de  la  dlstrito  sur. 
Third  partede  la  distrito  norte  y  de  la  distrlto  sur . . 


Municipal  diMrict,  Ouamacaro. 


First  part  of  Limonar 

Second  part  of  Limonar 

Third  part  of  Limonar 

Fourth  part  of  Limonar 

Fifth  part  of  Limonar 

Sixth  part  of  Limonar 

First  part  of  Caobas  y  Canimar 

Second  part  of  Caobus  y  Canimar . 

Sumideroy  San  Miguel 

Guamacaro 

Collseo 


Municipal  district,  Santa  Ana, 


First  part  of  the  district. . . 
Second  part  of  the  district. 
Third  part  of  the  district. . 
Fourth  part  of  the  district. 
Fifth  part  of  the  district. . . 


Municipal  district,  Maianz€U. 


Part  of  the  city  of  Matanzas. 
do. 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do, 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Asylums,  hospitals,  and  convents 

First  part  of  Seiba  Mocha 

Second  part  of  Seiba  Mocha  y  San  Francisco  de  Paula  . 
Third  part  of  Seiba  Mocha  y  San  Francisco  de  Paula. . , 

Yumuri 

Quarto  (Corral  Nuevo) 

First  part  of  Cumbre  y  Bacunayagua 

Second  part  of  Cumbre  y  Bacunaygua 

Quanabana 

Arroyo  la  Vieja  y  Campana 

Canimar  y  Paso  Seco 

Camarioca 


JUDICIAL  DISTBICT,  CARDENAS. 

Municipal  district,  OardenoB. 


Part  of  city  of  Cardenas  . 
do 


Enumerators. 


Gonzalo  8.  Hernandez. 
Marcos  Roig. 
Francisco  M.  Diaz. 


Asuncion  Garcia. 
Josd  Jordan. 
Aurelio  Garcia. 
Francisco  Gonzalez. 
Aurelio  Garcia. 
Eduardo  L.  Booth. 
Luciano  Macias. 
Francisco  Gonzales. 
Eduardo  L.  Booth. 
Ramon  Llanos. 
Antonio  de  Leon. 


Pedro  E^inosa. 
Jos6  M.  Espinosa. 
Carlos  Grima. 
Solomon  Escariz. 
Manuel  Martinez. 


Genoveva  Del  Monte. 

Ana  Josefa  Domenech. 

Maria  Fernandez  y  Soto. 

Maria  J.  Herrara. 

Regina  Lanigan. 

Maria  Polio. 

Maria  L.  Perez. 

Rosario  L.  de  Casado. 

Consuelo  Menendez. 

Lia  Andux. 

Angela  Hernandez. 

Domingo  Lamadriz. 

Eduardo  Garcia. 

Mercedes  Alfonso  v  Quintero. 

Ambrosio  Lamadriz. 

Carmela  Vini^ras. 

Antonio  Cabailero. 

Enriquita  Alsina. 

Luis  Rodrifuez  y  Hernandez. 

Ramon  G.  de  la  Maza. 

Maria  R.  Herdandez. 

Francisco  Y.  Huan. 

Ramon  Rivero. 

Maria  Serrate. 

Rosario  L.  de  Casado. 

Enriquita  Alsina. 

Maria  Fernandez. 

Luis  Rodriguez  y  Hernandez. 

Consuelo  Menendez. 

Maria  Serrate. 

Rosario  Rodriguez. 

Gabriel  Villa&. 

Ramon  Menendez. 

Pedro  Borrell. 

Emiliano  Moreno. 

Eduardo  Campuzano. 

Jo66  Nunez. 

Bandllio  Piqu6. 

Pedro  Y.  Acevedo. 

Felix  Campuzano. 

Kioolas  Lamadriz. 


Maria  Beoto. 
Vincente  Font. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


676 


BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


No. 


99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 


106 
107 
106 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
116 
117 
118 


119 
120 
121 
122 


Enumeration  districU  and  enumeraton. 
PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAS-Contlnaed. 


Bnumemtlon  districts. 


Designation. 


juniciAL  DDTBicr,  CAEDKfAB— continoed. 
MtmicipaldiMtrUi,  Qmi<nMU— Continaed. 


Part  of  city  of  Cardenas. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

.....do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Cant«l  y  OuAsimas 

do , 

Vaiadero  y  Siguapo 


Municipal  district,  Oatiot  Rojat. 


Toeca 

East  part  of  Carlos  Rojas 

Second  part  of  Carlos  RojaH. 

Conformldad  y  Alcancia 

West  part  of  Carlos  Rojas ... 


Municipal  district,  Marti. 


First  part  of  Marti.... 

Ouamutas  Marti 

Second  part  of  Marti . 
Third  part  ot  Marti.. 

Ouamutas 

Ytabo  Lacret 

Motenibo 

Teja 

RiolaPalma 


Municipal  district,  Maximo  Gomez. 


First  part  of  Maximo  Gomez 

First  part  of  Itancho  del  Medio  . . . 

Sabanilla  de  la  Palma 

A  Itamisal 

Second  part  of  Ranebo  del  Medio . 

Second  part  of  Maximo  Gomez 

Third  part  of  Maximo  Gomez 


Municipal  district,  JovfUamoi. 


First  part  of  San  Jos6 

Second  part  of  San  Jos^  . . 
Third  part  of  San  Jo84. .. . 
Fourth  part  of  San  Joe6  . . 

Fifth  part  of  San  Jo86 

Sixth  part  of  San  Jos^. . . . 
Seventh  part  of  San  Jos6 . 

First  part  of  Aauncion 

Second  part  of  Asuncion  . 
Third  part  of  Asuncion. . . 
Fourth  part  of  Asuncion  . 
Fifth  part  of  Asuncion . . . 
Realenzo 


Municipal  district,  Mendn  Capote. 


First  part  of  Langunilias 

Second  part  of  Langunillas 

First  part  of  Contreras 

Los  Cayos  (The  Keys),  all  north  of  Judicial  district  of 
Cardenas. 


Ennme 


Manuel  M.  Martinea. 

Jo9efa  Smith. 

Fredo  Torret. 

Maria  MnJiecdeVillaWcencioTGarda. 

Pablo  Ochoa. 

Piedad  Andux. 

Catalina  Rodriquez. 

Elvira  Parraviani. 

Francisco  Vego  y  Gomez. 

George  G.  Deetjen.**. 

Anibal  Duarte. 

Jo86  R.  Verdura. 

Manuel  Cardona. 

LisandoSosa. 

Josefa  Smith. 

Piedad  Andux. 

Manuel  M.  Martinex. 

LisandoSosa. 

Do. 
Ambrosio  Garcia. 
Rosa  Diaz  AigQellea. 
Luis  Moynelo. 


Martin  Gonzalee. 
Dolores  Ferrers, 
Nicolis  Gonzales*. 
Francisco  Nodarae. 
Rosario  Ortega. 


Pedro  Lanisan. 
Fernando  Yradier. 
Felina  Pardomo. 
Alfredo  Haedo. 
Vincente  Lopez, 
Miguel  Haedo. 
Enrique  N.  Bolafios. 
Fernando  Yradier. 
Pablo  Perez. 


Juan  M.  Ja^rs. 

J.Otero. 

Jos6  Paiencuela. 

Octavio  Barrelo. 

Marcos  Andred. 

N.Lamadris. 

JO06  V.  Pareniuela. 


Ramiro  Gispert. 
J.  M.  Ximeno. 
Manuel  M.  Domenech. 
Antonio  Sotolongo. 
J.  M.  Ximeno. 
Pedro  Magrifia. 
Antonio  Sotolongo. 
Adela  del  Pino. 
Caridad  Prado. 

Do. 
Miguel  Carratali. 
Manuel  M.  Domenech. 
Pedro  Magriiia. 


Antolin  Mendez. 
Adolfo  Gonzales. 
Julian  Escalona. 
Francisca  Mart. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AFPEKDIX   Xm. 


677 


Enumeraiion  districts  and  enumerators— Continued. 
PEOVINCB  OF  HATANZAS-Continued. 


Enmneration  district 


Designation. 


Enmneraton. 


JX7DICX4L  DIBTBICT,  ALACRAXn. 

Municipal  district,  Alacranes. 


First  part  of  Estante 

First  part  of  Alacranes  (east) 

Second  part  of  Alacranes  (west)  . 
Third  part  of  Alacranes  (east)  ... 

Second  part  of  Estante 

Third  part  of  Estante , 

Fourth  part  of  Alacranes  (wetit)  . 

Fifth  pcut  of  Alacranes  (east) 

Galeoncito 


Municipal  di^rict,  BoUmdron. 

First  part  of  Bolondron 

Second  part  of  Bolondron 

Third  part  of  Bolondron 

First  part  of  oaira 

Second  part  of  Gtiira 

First  part  of  Tienda  Nueva  y  Gonzalo 

Second  part  of  Tienda  Nueva  y  Gonzalo  . . . 

Third  part  of  Tienda  Nueva  y  Gonzalo 

Fourth  part  of  Tienda  Nueva  y  Gonzalo . . . 

Las  Piearas  y  Manuel  Alvarez 

Lucia 

Galeon 


Municipal  districi,  Cabezan. 


Fiist  part  of  Cabezas  . . . 
Second  part  of  Cabezas. 

Magdalena 

BIja 

Vieja  Bermeja 

Lima 


Municipal  district.  Union  de  Keyeg. 


First  part  of  Yglesia  (urban) 

Second  part  of  Yglesia  (urban)  . 
Third  part  of  Yglesia  (urban ) . . . 
Fourth  part  of  Yglesia  (urban ) . , 

Fifth  part  of  Yglesia  ( rural ) 

Sixth  part  of  Yglesia  ( nmil ) . . . . 
Seventh  part  of  Yglesia  (rural) 
Pueblo  Kuevo 


Municipal  district,  SabaniUa. 


Sabanilla 

Rio  de  Auras . 

Palma 

Canimar 

Mondejar 


JT7DICIAL  DISTRICT,  COLON. 

Municipal  district,  CoUm. 

Part  of  city  of  Colon 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Calimeta 

First  part  of  Amarillas 

Second  part  of  Amarillas 


Municipal  district,  Cucvitas. 


First  part  of  Pueblo  de  Cuevltas 

Second  part  of  Pueblo  de  Cuevitas. 

Urstpartof  Venturilla 

Second  part  of  Venturilla 

Jabaco 

Adento 


Juan  Jofl6  de  Leon. 
Dolores  Junco. 
Kosario  de  Fuentes. 
Arturo  Rivas. 
Leanardo  J.  Figueroa. 
Arturo  Rivas. 
Emilia  Rodriguez  Lara. 
Juan  Qnintana. 
LazaroBango. 


Carlos  Herrara  y  Artilea. 
Maria  T.  Olano. 
CeliaTarafa. 
Caridad  Llima. 
America  Hernandez. 
J.  Magier  Tarafa. 
Carlos  Herrara  y  Artilea. 
Celia  Tarafa. 
America  Hernandez. 
Perez  Diaz. 
Jo86  M.  Guedes. 
Juan  8.  Diaz  y  Hernandez. 


Eloisa  Garcia  y  Bolano. 
Francisco  Suarez. 
Eladio  Guzman. 
Francisco  Suarez. 
Eldemiro  Gonzales  Ramos. 
Justo  Penlchet. 


Pedro  Lamadriz. 
Clarisa  Roig. 
Sofia  Blanco. 
Pedro  Lamadriz. 
Jos^  Nufioz. 
Antonio  Margue. 
Jos^  Nufioz. 
Gabriel  M.  Quesada. 


Etelyina  Sanchez. 
Antonio  Martel. 
Enrique  Astolfl. 
YgnacioS.Qulros. 
Marcos  Espinosa. 


Julian  F.  Ramero. 
Otilia  Miravet 
Rita  Garcia. 
M.  Marquette. 
Fermin  Aguirre. 
Manuel  Michelena. 
Aurelio  Lugo. 
Victor  de  Armas. 
Aurelio  Andreas. 
Angel  Baluja. 
Aurelio  Lugo. 


Matilde  M.  Fangul. 
Mateo  Fernandez  y  Torres. 
Jos6  R.  Benavidas. 
Jo86  Menendez. 
Ricardo  Peres. 
Bam6n  Qoniales. 


Digitize^  by 


Google 


678 


BEPOET   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumeratorS'-Conimued, 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS-Continued. 


Ennmeiatlon  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


Enumemtocs. 


180 

181 
182 
183 
184 


185 
186 
187 
188 
189 
190 
191 
192 
193 
194 
195 
196 
197 
196 


199 
200 
201 
202 
203 
2(M 
205 
206 
207 
208 
209 
210 


211 
212 
213 
214 
215 


216 
217 
218 
219 
220 
221 
222 
223 


224 
225 
226 
227 
228 
229 
230 
231 


282 
283 
284 
285 
236 
287 
238 
289 


JUDICIAL  DismucT,  COLON— <x>ntinaed. 

Municipal  dittrid,  MacagwL 

Arabos 

Macagua 

First  part  of  San  Pedro  de  Mayab6n 

Second  part  of  San  Pedro  de  Mayab6n 


Monte  j 


Municipal  district,  Macuriges. 


First  part  of  Ck>rral  Falso 

Second  part  of  Corral  Falso  . 
Third  part  of  Corral  Falso. .. 
Fourth  part  of  Corral  Falso  . 

Ciego 

PuntaBrava 

Rio  Blanco 

Platanal 

Batalla 

Navajas 

Tramojos 

First  part  of  Linche 

Second  part  of  Linche 

Claudio 


Municipal  district,  PalmiUas. 


Part  of  Manguito 

do 

do 

do 

Part  of  Jacan 

do 

do 

Part  of  Cumanayagua. . 

do 

SabanlUa  de  Ouareiras . 

Part  of  PamiUas 

do 


Municipal  district,  Perico. 


First  part,  south 

Second  part,  north 

Third  part,  north 

First  part  of  Altamisal . . . 
Second  part  of  Altamisal. 


Municipal  district,  Rogue. 


Part  of  CoablUas 

Qunitana  y  Tomeg^n , 

First  part  of  the  pueblo  . . . . 
Second  part  of  the  pueblo. 

Quamajales   

Part  of  MoetaclUa 

....do 

Part  of  Coabillas 


Municipal  district,  San  Jost  de  loa  Ramos. 

Part  of  San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos 

do 

Part  of  San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos  y  part  of  BanagQlses. 

Part  of  San  Jos^  de  loa  Ramos 

Part  of  BanagUises 

do 

Agttica 

Part  of  BanagOises 


Municipal  district,  Jagiiey  Qrande. 


Part  of  Jagttey  Qrande  . 

do 

Part  of  Lopez 

do 

Gallardo 

Sintt 

Ruvlra 

LaCienega 


Maximo  Caaada. 
Toribio  Santurio. 
Jacinto  Magin. 
A.Salado. 
Rafael  Benemelis. 


Jos^  M.  Ortega. 
Yne«  Ponce  Roque. 
AquUina  Sanchez. 
Juan  F.  Aloy. 
Guadalupe  Carrand^ 
Antonio  J .  Sanchex. 
Francisco  Olano. 
Andres  Tairero. 
Domingo  Ponce. 
Marcos  Diax. 
Evaristo  H.  Pledro. 
Juan  F.Aloy. 
Jos^M.  Ortega. 
Rogelio  Roque. 


Mercedes  C  Roosselot 

Luis  Felipe  Cabrera  y  Espinosa. 

Enrique  Kamos. 

Marcos  Diaz  Fernandez. 

Antonio  Rodriguez. 

Juan  Sanchez. 

Luis  Felipe  Cabrera  y  Espinoaa. 

Maria  R.  de  Armas. 

LuisMunL 

Ysaac  Cabrera. 

Francisco  Quian. 

Luia  Felipe  Cabrera  y  Espinoaa 


Mercedes  Cairo. 
Antonio  Lima. 
Pedro  Ygleslas. 
Ramon  Bon. 
Pedro  Airietta. 


Adolfo  SUlar. 
3oe6  Maynoldl. 
Rosa  C.  Ybarra. 
Brigido  Amador. 
Ramon  Santa  Marina. 
Antonio  Acevedo. 
Job6  Maynoldi. 
FirsoNunoz. 


Josefa  Alvarez  Galvani. 
Job6  p.  Arburua. 
Juan  Alvarez  Cerice. 
Eduardo  R.  Volera. 
Mercedes  Ramos. 
Julio  Hernandez. 
Joaquin  Enriques. 
Ramon  Pingpalat 


Eugenio  I.  Oalvaz. 
Conrado  Ruiz. 
Alfredo  M.  Dally. 
Conrado  Ruiz. 
Angel  LeaL 
Manuel  Volta. 
Rafael  Jordan. 
Sizto  Agramonte. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   Xni. 


679 


Enumeration  digtricts  and  enumerators — Continned. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Bnuneratloii  districts. 


No. 


Dedgnation. 


Bntmieraton. 


JtTDICIAL  DUTBICr,  PINAB  DBL  RIO. 

Municipal  diatrict,  Pinar  del  Rio. 


Part  of  the  city  of  Pinar  del  Rio  , 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Firrt  part  of  Ysabel  Maria 

Second  part  of  Ysabel  Maria 

First  part  of  Sumidero 

Second  part  of  Sumidero 

First  part  of  Cabezas 

Second  part  of  Cabezas.., 

First  part  of  Fairones 

Second  part  of  Fairones 

Third  part  of  Fairones 

First  part  of  Rio  Sequito 

Second  part  of  Rio  Sequito 

RioFeo 

Guayabo  

PasoViejo 

First  part  of  Oras 

Second  part  of  Ovas 

First  part  of  Marcos  Vaxquez 

Second  part  of  Marcos  Vazquez . . 

First  part  of  Cangre 

Second  part  of  Cangre 

Third  part  of  Cangre 

SanJoa6 


Mvmieipal  district,  Qm9olaci&n  del  Node. 

La  Palma  and  Rio  de  Pueroos 

Rio  Blanco  and  Arroya  Maranjo 

Vegas  Nueavas 

La  Jagua 

Berracos 

Caiguanabo 

San  Andres 

LasPaentes 


Municipal  district,  Consolacidn  del  Sur. 


FixBt  part  of  Villa,  Consolacidn  del  Sur . . . . 
Second  part  of  Villa,  Cousolaci6n  del  Sur. 

Rio  Hondo 

San  Pablo  y  Camarones . 


Horcones i  Jos^  Mir6. 


Franco  Urmtia. 
Angel  Coloma. 
Nilo  Caso  Luengo. 
Bemando  de  la  RIanda. 
Evangelina  Aymerick 
Pedro  Pablo  Pequef&o. 
Julian  Rodriguez. 
Alfonso  Amado. 
Felipe  Baron. 
Adolfo  Menor. 
Tomas  Estelles. 
Miguel  Valdez. 
Miguel  Pereda. 
Sixto  Cruz. 
Jo66  Ma.  Sanchez. 
Ygnacio  Medrano. 
Amado  Baylina. 
Jo66  Manuel  Pequefio. 
Aurelio  Gravier. 
Antonio  Raimat. 
Antonio  Valdez  Oil. 
Enrique  Tellez. 
Gonzalo  Jordan. 
Miguel  Diaz. 
Jos4  Maria  Nieto. 
Alberto  Gomez. 
Enrique  Sanchez. 
Augusto  Fomaguera. 


Rafael  Valle. 
Julio  Avendafio. 
Ynez  Borrego. 
Juan  Rueda. 
Lucio  Garcia. 
Jorje  Arrastia. 
Benito  Salazar. 
Manuel  Fernandez. 


Gonzales  G.  Govantes. 
Enrique  Martinez. 
Gregorio  Alonso. 
I  Juan  Carrion. 


Colmenar  and  Hato  Quemado. . 

Lefia 

Pilotes 

Naranji  and  Caimitos 

Santa  Clara 

Lajas  and  Caperuza 

AloncoRojas 

Municipal  district,  San  Juan  y  Mctrtinez. 

First  part  of  San  Juan 

Second  part  of  San  Juan 

First  part  of  Martinez 

Second  part  of  Martinez 

Galafre  and  Guillen 

RioSeco 

Arroyo  Hondo 

Laguniilas 

First  part  of  LuisLazo 

Second  part  of  Luis  Lazo 

Third  part  of  Luis  Lazo 

Fourth  part  of  LuisLazo 

Municipal  district,  San  Luis. 


First  part  of  San  Luis . . . . 
Second  part  of  San  Luis. 
First  part  of  Barbacoa  .. 


Francisco  Alonso. 
Ramon  Maa. 
Juan  M.  Alcalde. 
Auturo  Pino. 
Manuel  Pino. 
Salvador  Vald^s. 
Jos6Ri08. 


Gillermo  Ybaflez. 

Ramon  Amado. 

Jo86  Veytes. 

Amado  Cafial. 

Ramon  Amado. 

Severo  Guerra. 

Carlos  Sanchez. 

Luis  Lopez  Marin. 

L.  L.  de  la  Vega. 

Rogelio  Gonzalez  y  Sanguily. 

Alberto  Vald^s. 

M6nico  P.  Remedies. 


Jos6  Eulogio  Qulntana. 
Pedro  Marquez  Rivas. 
Do. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


680 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  ISW. 
EnumeraJtum  districts  cmd  enumeralor$ — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO-Contlnoed. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No.  I 


Dexigrnation. 


Enumermtora. 


92 
93 
94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

100 

101 

102 

108 

104 


105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 


111 
112 
113 
114 
115 


116 
117 
118 
119 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  PINAR  DEL  RIO— CODtlnued.  j 

Municipal  di^rict,  San  Luij^—Coutinned. 

Second  part  of  Barbacoa '  Abelardo  Cms. 

RioSeco AnKel  CaiiUM. 

Firado Luis  Felipe  Dominqaez. 

Banigonas Jamie  Michelena. 

Llanada Enrique  Sanchez. 

Palizadas i  Daniel  Padron. 

Municipal  di$triH,  Viliaie*. 

First  part  of  San  Cavetano Sabine  Alandi. 

Second  part  of  San  Cayetano Luis  Planes. 

Hosario Roaendo  Guiterrez. 

San  Vincente Angel  Quevedo. 

Anc6n Piearo  Viera. 

Pueblo '  Ricaido  Madan. 

First  part  of  Lagunade  Piedra Miguel  Lazaro. 

Second  part  of  lAgunade  Piedra Bernardo  Fernandez. 

Yabal Angel  Cailias. 

Al bino Robustiano  Cotarelo. 

Santa  F6 Manuel  LI  inas. 


Cuajani  . 

Cay 08  de  San  Felipe. , 

Santo  Tomas 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  OUANK. 

MuniHpal  diatrid,  Mantua, 


Mantua  and  Montezuelo . . 

Ouayabo  and  LAzaro 

Arroyos  and  Santa  Yaabel. 
Santa  Maria  and  San  Josd. 

Cabezas  and  La  Ceja 

First  part  of  Baja 

Second  part  of  Baja 

Third  part  of  Baja 


Municipal  district,  Ouane. 

Gnane 

Paso  Real  and  Catallna 

Juan  Gomez 

Portalea  and  Feneria 

Punta  de  la  Sierra  and  Las  Acoetas 

Sabalo  and  Trinidad  and  Santa  Teresa  . . 

Grifa 

Cartes  and  Serranoe 

First  pari  of  Remates 

Second  part  of  Remates 

Third  part  of  Remates 

Martinas 

Cabo  de  San  Antonio 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SAN  CRISTOBAL. 

Municipal  diglHct,  San  CHttobal. 

San  Cristobal 

Sltio  Herrera 

Minas  and  Rio  Hondo 

Mayari,  first  and  second 

First  part  San  Cruzdelos  Pinos 

Second  part  San  Cruzdelos  Pinos 

Municipal  district,  Canddaria. 

Bayate,  Puerto  Rico,  and  San  Juan  del  Norte  . 
San  Juan  de  Barracones,  Miracielos,  and  Frias 

Carambola,  Lomas,  and  Rio  Hondo 

Pueblo 

LasMangas , 

Municipal  district,  Los  Palacios. 

Los  Palacios 

Macuriges 

Sierra  Santo  Domingo  and  Limones 

Toro  and  Bacumaguas 


Eduardo  Chirina 
Ricardo  Raymat. 
Andres  Hernandez. 


Rafael  Quintana. 
Ricardo  Fors. 
Manuel  Quintana. 
Augusto  Fon. 
CelestinoP.Bnbio. 
Miguel  Cofifio. 
Francisco  Vinas. 
Enrique  Montoto. 


Jos6  Mateo  Qnlntero. 
Pedro  Rubio. 
Luis  Rubio. 
Amulfo  Cartaya. 
Pablo  Llaguno. 
Franco  Armenteros. 
Juan  Franco  Pimiento. 
German  Garcia. 
Manuel  Famadas. 
Daniel  Perez. 
Pedro  Rubio. 
Vincente  Santo  Maria. 
Ventuio  Gonzalez. 


Gustavo  SoldeTilla. 
Luis  Quintana. 
Luis  Quintana. 
Alfredo  VUUr. 
Arturo  Diaz  y  Diaz. 
Lucas  Ponsona. 


Augustin  Sotolongo 
Ambrosio  Sotolongo. 
Arturo  Saenz. 
Gabriel  Santa  Cruz. 
Juan  Sanchez. 


Francisco  Goenaga. 
Gillermo  Goenaga. 
Tomas  Marrero. 
Gillermo  Goenaga. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   XIII. 


681 


Ennmeraticni  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumeratonu 


jTDiciAL  DISTRICT,  8AN  CRISTOBAL — Continued. 

MunicipQl  district,  Julian  JHaz. 

Julian  Diaz  and  Palacios ,  Manuel  Fernandez  Fijuena. 

Santa  Monica  and  Guajiro '  Anibal  Fernandez. 

Herradura  and  C'eja  de  la  Heiradura I  Juan  Valdes  y  Garcia. 

Municipal  district,  San  Diego  de  lo»  Banon. 

Pueblo  Catalina  and  Arrabales ,  Pedro  Portela. 

Arroyo  Colorado,  Carabello,  and  Palacios '  Lucas  Ponzoa. 

Soledad,  Herradura,  Legna,  and  Guira i  Aujnisto  Marrero. 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  Gl'ANAJAY.  | 

Municipal  district,  (htanajay. 


First  part  of  Norte  de  Guanajay 

Second  part  of  Norte  de  Guanajay. 

First  part  of  Sur  de  CJuanajay 

S^ond  part  of  Sur  de  Guanajay 

Santa  Ana 

San  Jos6 

San  Francisco 

Cabriales 


Municipal  district,  Artemh'n. 


Ricardo  Yfiiquez. 
io^  R.  Hernandez. 
Jo8<5  Perez  Arocha. 
Concepcion  Crux. 
Enrioue  Rojas. 
Aguileo  Azcuy. 
Miguel  Munoze. 
Ricardo  Hernandez. 


First  part  of  Artemisa  (urban) Eduardo  Ygledas. 

Second  part  of  Artemisa  (urban)  Ricardo  Triguez. 

Third  part  of  Arteml<<a  (rural) Clemente  Rodriguez. 

Cafias R.  de  Villaescusa. 

Puerta  de  la  Gtiira Eduardo  Llerena. 

Capellamias Juan  Romen. 

Virtudes • j  Arcadio  Robert. 

Dolores Jos^  Maria  Santiago. 

Cayajabos Venancio  Valdes. 


Municipal  district,  Bahia  Honda. 


Bahia  Honda  and  Aguacato. 
San  Miguel  and  Manimani. . 
Corralillo  and  Mulata 


Municipal  district,  Vabanas. 


Pueblo  and  San  Mi^el 

Conchita  and  Delicias 

First  Vigia,  San  Ramon,  and  Ceiba  . . . 
Second  Vigia,  San  Ramon,  and  Ceiba. 


Municipal  district,  Guaffotml. 


Caimito 

Guyabal  and  Bancs. 
Quintana 


Mnnicipal  district,  Marid. 


First  part  of  Mariel  and  Boca 

Second  part  of  Mariel  and  Boca 

Macagual  and  Quiebra  Hacha 

Jabaco  y  Rayo 

San  Juan  Bautista  and  Playa 

Molina,  Mosquitos,  and  Guajaybon  . 


Municipal  district,  San  Diego  dc  Suilcz. 


Pueblo.  GranadiUos,  Damas  and  Sun  Bl^. 
San  Gabriel,  C^renero,  and  San  Jose 


Manuel  Gravler  QuiAones. 
Felix  Quintana. 
Carlos  M.Otero. 


Abelardo  Marquez. 
SIxto  Cruz. 
Juan  Alfonso. 
Enrique  Abascol. 


Pedro  Garrido  Fijera. 
Nicolas  Rodriguez. 
Luis  A.  Valdes. 


Ramon  J.  Garcia. 
Manuel  Perez. 
Francisco  Gonzalez. 
Joe6  Rencurrel. 
Daniel  Compte. 
Arturo  Ordaz. 


Pedro  Casanova. 

Pedro  P.  Quesada  y  Tovar. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


682 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 
Enumeration  diMrictjf  and  enumerators — ConUnned. 


PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


Enumeraton. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  MORON. 

Municipal  district,  Moron. 


Parte  Este  do  la  Ciudad 

Parte  Ot«te  de  la  Ci  udad 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Este 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Este 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Este , 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Oeste 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Oeste 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Oeste 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  Punta  Alegre 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Gaudalupe 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Gaudalupe 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Chambas .-. 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Chambas 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Marroquln 

Second  parte  del  barrio  niral  de  Marroguin 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Sandoval. 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Sandoval 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Cupeyes 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Cuneyes 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Santa  Gertnldis 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Santa  Gertnldis 

Municipal  district,  Ciego  de  AvUa. 

First  parte  en  la  Ciudad  del  barrio  La  Cabecera 

Second  parte  en  la  Ciudad  del  barrio  La  Cabecera 

Third  parte  rural  de  La  Cabecera 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  Guanales 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  Guanales 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  San  NIcolfta 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  San  Nicolia 

Parte  de  la  Ciudad  y  Cayo  de  los  Mivertos  del  barrio 

Jilcaro 

Parte  rural  del  barrio  del  Jdcaro 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  La  Ceiba 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  LasNuevas 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  Lbs  Nuevas 

Todo  el  oarrio  rural  de  Jicotea 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  L&zaro  Lopez 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  Arroyo  Blanco 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  Nuevas  de  JobosI 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  IguarA 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  IguarA 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  PUKBTO  P&IKdPK. 

Municipal  district,  Nuevitas. 

Todo  el  1«  barrio  de  la  ciudad 

Todo  el  2*  barrio  de  la  ciudad 

Todo  el  3«»  barrio  de  la  ciudad 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Miguel 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Miguel — 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Miguel 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Redencion 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  RedencI6n 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Redenci6n 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  El  Sabinal 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  BagA 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Bag& 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Liigarefio 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Lugarefio. . . 
La  parte  de  Poblado  del  barrio  rural  El  Senado. 

First  parte  rural  del  barrio  El  Senado 

Second  parte  (del)  rural  del  barrio  £1  Senado  . . 

Municipal  district,  Santa  Crux  del  Sur. 

Todo  el  casco  de  la  poblacion 

Todo  el  barrio  de  Piaya  Bonlta 

Todo  el  barrio  de  La  Calzada 

El  Cayo  de  las  Doce  L^ruas 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Buenaventura  . . . 
Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Buenaventura. 
First  pute  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Pedro 


Jofi^MaTidal. 

Rumualdo  de  Varona. 

Rafael  Pard6  Eehemendla. 

Felix  Machado. 

LanridoPaido. 

Jesus  Ma  Pina. 

Manuel  Rule  B^>eron. 

GermAn  Briima. 

Francisco  Vidal  Vila. 

Regino  S^nrane. 

Manuel  BardecL 

Eudoro  Franch. 

Juan  Vasallo. 

Gabriel  Bardeci 

Emilio  Angtilo. 

Emillo  Sainx  Schuveres. 

M.  A.  Alvares  Y. 

Anto.  YilaideU  Tapla. 

Benito  Navarro. 

Jo66  Perez  Le6n. 

Pedro  Morales  Perez. 


inpiano  Rodriguez. 

Franco  Sotomayo. 

Carlos  Baldanain  y  Oomes. 

Juan  Tozo  Fabes. 

Juan  Flgueras. 

Javier  Hernandez  Varona. 

Jacinto  VaigBS  Armas. 

Juan  Rodriguez. 

Jos^Faiinas. 

Antonio  Povada. 

Alvaro  Silvay  Rivas. 

Enrique  Moran  de  la  Torre. 

Manuel  Cortes. 

Luis  Casanovas. 

Placido  Sanchez. 

Lois  Medina. 

Angel  Vega  B. 

Ramon  Gonzales. 


Miguel  Perozo. 

Mario  Oarcinl  Silva. 

Jose  Garcinl. 

Adolfo  Silva. 

Armando  Labrado  Canto. 

Cayetano  Redo  y  Qnesada. 

Franco  Miranda  Betancourt. 

Rafael  Peron. 

Noberto  Primellos. 

Antoliio  Rodriguez  Rodriguez. 

Benjanin  Montgo. 

Natatio  Peron. 

Gustavo  Gomez  Barrios. 

Raou  Estrada  Zayas. 

Victcr  Manuel  Betancourt. 

Antonio  Guerra  y  Guerra. 

Ullses  Gosia  Gomes. 


J.  Antonio  Miranda. 
Jesus  Peraltat. 
Gaspar  Hidalgo. 
Ramon  Cruz  la  Chicot. 
Jos6  Pradas  Martinez. 
Antonio  Agullar. 
Carlos  Alvarez.  * 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   Xin. 


688 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 
PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  PUEBTO  PRINCtPK— COnttUUed. 

Municipal  diistrict,  Santa  Cruz  del  *Sur— Continued. 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Pedro 

Todo  el  Darrit)  rural  de  Guaicanamar 

First  Parte  del  barrio  El  Junco 

Second  parte  del  barrio  El  Junco 

Todo  el  Darrio  rural  de  El  Guayabal 


Municipal  district,  Puerto  Principe. 

First  parte  del  first  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Second  parte  del  first  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Third  i>arte  del  first  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

First  parte  del  second  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Second  parte  del  second  barrio  do  la  Ciudad 

First  parte  del  third  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Second  parte  del  third  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Third  parte  del  third  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Fourth  parte  del  third  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

First  parte  del  fourth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Second  parte  del  fourth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Third  parte  del  fourth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Fourth  parte  del  fourth  barrio  do  la  Ciudad 

First  parte  del  fifth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Second  parte  del  fifth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

First  parte  del  sixth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Second  parte  del  sixth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

First  parte  del  seventh  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Second  parte  del  seventh  barrio  de  la  Ciudad. . . 

First  parte  del  eighth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Second  parte  del  eighth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

Todo  del  ninth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad 

First  parte  del  barrio  de  Ca'^corro  (rural) 

Second  parte  del  barrio  de  Ca.scorro  (rural) 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Sibanicrt 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Sibanicii 

Todo  el  Darrio  rural  de  Vista  Hermosa 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Ger6nimo 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Ger6nimo. 
Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Ger6nimo  . . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Yeguas 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Yeguas 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Caobillas 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Caobillas 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Ouemado 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Quemado. . . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Llmones 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Limones 

First  part«  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja 

Fourth  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja 

Fifth  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanala 

Sixth  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Pueblo  Nuevo  ... 
Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Pueblo  Nuevo  . 
Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Pueblo  Nuevo.. . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Mar^ni&n 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  MaraguiLn 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guaimaro 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guaimaro 


Enmnerators. 


Manuel  Soils  Arellano. 

Angel  Guzm4n. 

Alfredo  Caballero. 

Joaquin  Hidalgo. 

Macedonia  Varona  Agramonte. 


Angela  Guerra. 

Gabriel  Barrera. 

Graclano  Balencourt  Castillo. 

Ramon  Angela  de  Xlques. 

Manuel  Pradas. 

Maria  Teresa  Guerra. 

Alonso  Martinez. 

Rolando  Ramos  y  Ronquillo. 

Francisco  Pichardo  Moya. 

Antonia  J.  de  Moya. 

Ernesto  Mola  Castillo. 

Eugenio  Loret  de  Mola. 

Enriqne  Boza. 

Manuel  Breton. 

Antonio  Roias  Castellanos. 

Jos6  Ygnacfo  Reslo  Lovuaz. 

Greffonio  Hernandez  Riveron. 

Emillo  Torres  Sariol. 

Angel  Yergo  Gomez. 

Enrique  Loret  de  Mola. 

Emma  Rojas  de  Caballero. 

Porfisio  Batista  Verona. 

Jos6  Fernandez  Cabrera. 

Virgllio  Fuentes, 

Filberto  Pichardo. 

Rogerio  Zayas  Bazan. 

Arturo  Guzman. 

Rogerio  Freyre  Arango. 

Federico  Naranjo. 

Ramon  Alvarez  Cespedes. 

Gonzales  Agosto. 

Pascual  Cebrian. 

Antonio  Naranio. 

Octavio  Oquendo. 

Armando  Perez  Ramos. 

Francisco  Lastre. 

Serafin  Pastrana. 

Rodolf  o  Ballaga. 

Emilio  Codo. 

Manuel  Alvinzuri  Lopez. 

Miguel  Agramonte. 

Job6  R.  Peralta. 

Juan  Larrauri  Porro. 

Eduardo  de  Varona. 

Jos6  Acoeta. 

Miguel  Agramonte  Estrada. 

Manuel  Alvinzuri  Lopez. 

Ramon  A.  Rodrlgues. 

Jo86  Prades  Martinez. 

Raul  Arteaga  Socarras. 

Ramlro  Ceballero  Benevldes. 

Emilio  Cordero. 


Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guaimaro. 

Fourth  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guaimaro i  Francisco  Agilero. 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Contramaestre Ramon  AgUero. 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Contramaestre Miguel  Cabrera  Porro. 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Contramaestre Aliplo  Zayas  Urra. 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  La  Yaba Plo  Otero. 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  La  Yaba [  Luis  8.  Otero  Codo. 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Ecuador Luis  Cordova  811  va. 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Ecuador Alberto  R.  Varona, 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Ecuador Pablo  Ronquillo. 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Minas  (Poblado) \  Francisco  Cosio. 


Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Minas  (Poblado). 
First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Magabomba . 
Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  dt  Magabombe 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Altagracia 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Altagracia. , 


Cayetano  Guerra. 
Angel  Diaz. 
Manuel  Agustin  Areu. 
Hemani  Miranda. 
Alberto  Guzman  Arango. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


684 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 
Enumeration  disarids  and  enumeratorB—^ntixmed. 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


Ennmecaton. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANTA  CLARA. 

Municipal  district,  Sania  dam. 


City  of  Santa  Clara 

do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do: 

....do 

....do 

....do 

City  of  Santa  Clara  (institutions) . 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

do 

First  part  of  Egidos 

Second  part  of  Egldos 

First  part  of  San  Gil 

Second  part  of  San  Gil 

Third  part  of  San  Gil 

Fourth  part  of  San  Gil 

First  part  of  La  Cniz 

Second  part  of  La  Cruz 

First  part  of  Selbabo 

25  I  Second  part  of  Seibabo 

26  First  part  of  Provincial 

27  Second  part  of  Provincial 

28  ,  First  part  of  Baei 

29  '  Second  part  of  Baez 

80  First  part  of  Manicaragua 

81  '  Second  part  of  Manicaragua 


Municipal  diMrid,  Esptranza. 


82 

83  I 

84  ' 

85  ' 

86  , 
87 

88  ! 

89  I 
40 
41 


City  of  Esperanza,  north 

City  of  Esperanza,  south 

Asiento  Vieio 

First  part  of  Nuevas 

Second  part  of  Nuevas 

First  part  of  San  Vincente 

Second  part  of  San  Vincente . 

Jabonillar 

San  Jos6 

Purial 


Municipal  dittrid,  Calabazar. 


42  First  part  of  Encrucijada 

43  Second  part  of  Encrucijada . 

44  Paso  Real 

45  First  part  of  Santo 

46  Second  part  of  Santo 

47  I  First  part  of  Centro 

48  Second  part  of  Centro 

49  ,  Third  part  of  Centro 

50  '  First  part  of  Viana 

51  Second  part  of  Viana 


64 


Sitio  Grande. 
Mala  y  Barro . 


Municipal  dittrid,  Kanchuelo. 

First  part  of  first  distrito  (Ranchuelo) 

Second  part  of  first  distrito  (Ranchuelo) 

Second  distrito  (Ranchuelo) , 

First  part  of  Pozade  la  China , 

Second  part  of  Poza  de  la  China 

SlUoVleJo , 

Municipal  distrid,  San  Diego  del  VaUe. 

Centro 

Centro  (rural),  first  part 

Centro  (rural), second  part , 

Yabd... .: !T7. 

Sitio  Nuevo 


Flora  Jimenez. 
Maria  Beldarrain. 
Manuela  Chavez. 
America  Christo  Cordova 
Isabel  Paredes. 
Angeleica  Anida  y  Grafio. 
Rita  Blanco  Edwarria. 
Clotilde  Silve  y  Lopez. 
Milagro  Casanova  Guerra. 
Dolores  Linares. 
Jos^  D.  Hernandez  y  Femande 
Felipe  Gonzalez  Tellez. 
Joseia  Mendoza  v  Silva. 
Ulpiana  Groso  Fleytes. 
Emilio  Silva  y  Dominguez. 
Cristobal  de  Zayas  Bazan. 
Rogelio  Barata  y  Godoj*. 
J.  Anto.  Pedazo  y  Rodriguez. 
Rafael  Mechado  Mesa. 
Pablo  Morales  Valdes. 
Leandro  A.  Contreras. 
Francisco  Martinez. 
Nestor  Fernandez. 
Tomas  Gomez  Parets. 
Rafael  Perez  Urquijo. 
J.B.CarrerasOaLs. 
Nestor  Fernandez. 
Luis  Anoceto  y  Perez. 
Gerado  Gonziuez  Junco. 
Enrique  Pequdo  Alvarez. 
Seraplo  Oliva  Garzazana. 


Maria  AlomA  Valdes. 

Maria  Luz  Machado. 

Mateo  Diaz  Rojas. 

Juan  B.Jimenez. 

Emilio  Jimenez. 

Antonio  Jimenez  y  JimenaL 

Alberto  J.  Jiminez. 

Alberto  J.  Jiminez. 

M&riaRuiz. 

Amelio  Diaz  Navano. 


Emilio  Loret  de  Mela. 

Pedro  O.Abreu. 

Rafael  Perez  Pedroeo. 

Jos^  de  Serpa  y  de  Clouet. 

Jos^deLGll. 

Alejandro  Moixo  y  CenteiOw 

Federico  Jova. 

TomAs  Velasco  y  Gomez. 

Juan  B.  Martini. 

Antonio  R.  Ruiz. 

Federico  Jova. 

Domingo  Perez. 


Jos6  Luis  Machin. 
Luis  Campillo  y  Rlveio. 
Bias  Espinosa. 
Francisco  Yero  y  Silva. 
Pedro  Gattomo  Vila. 
Ricalrdo  Machin  y  Linaree. 


Adela  Gonzalez  y  Lima. 
Juan  Linares. 
Eugenio  Ledron  Uribe. 
Evaristo  Martinez  Pedroeo 
Heiiberto  Hernandez. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   Xni. 


685 


Enumeration  districta  and  enumerators— ConUmjed, 
PROVINCE  OP  8ANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 
Municipal  district,  San  Diego  del  Va/Z^-Contlnued. 


Maguaraya  Abalo  y  Arriba,  first  port 

Magiiaraya  Abajo  y  Arriba,  second  part . 
w  .  Hatillo 

68  Mango 

69  Jicotea 


79 
80 
81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
86 
87 


^  I 
91 

92  I 

93  ' 
94 
95 
96 
97 
96 
99  I 

100 

101 

102  I 

103 

IW  , 

106 

106 

10^1 

108 

109 

110 

111 

112 

113 

114 

115 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 

122 

128 

124 

12S 

126 

127 

128 

129 

180 

181 


Municipal  district,  San  Juan  de  las  Yeras. 


Pirstpartof  Potrerillo 

Second  part  of  Potrerillo 

Aguas  Bonitas 

Bemia 

Quemado  Hilario 

Ouayo 

PIrst  district  in  the  town,  pueblo. 

Pirst  district,  rural 

Second  district,  rural 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  CIKNFUEQ08. 

Municipal  district,  Cienfuegos, 


Pirst  part  city  of  CienfuMjos 

Second  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Third  part  city  of  Cienfuegos , 

Fourth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Pirst  part  of  lifth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Second  part  of  fifth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Sixth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Seventh  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Eighth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Ninth  piart  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Tenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Eleventh  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Twelfth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Thirteenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Fourteenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

First  part  offifteenth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Sixteenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Seventeenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

First  part  of  eighteenth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Second  part  of  eighteenth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos. 

Nineteenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Twentieth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Pirst  part  oi  Caunao 

Second  part  of  Caunao 

Third  part  of  Caunao 

Rimirez 

Manacas 

Keys. 


First  part  of  Yaguaramas 

Second  part  of  Yaguaramas 

Third  part  of  Yaguaramas 

Fourth  part  of  Yaguaramas 

Caimanera 

First  part  of  Cielo  de  Jagua 

Second  part  of  Cielo  de  Jagua 

First  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros 

Second  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros ... 

Third  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros 

Fourth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros ... 

Fifth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros 

Sixth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros 

Seventh  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . . 
Eighth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros ... 

Ninth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros 

Tenth  part  of  Aouada  de  Pasageros 

Eleventh  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros. 
Twelfth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros. . 

First  partof  Arimao 

Second  part  of  Arimao 

Auras 

La  Sierra 

Pirst  part  of  Cumanayagua 

Second  part  of  Cumanayagua 


Antonio  Bello  y  Martinez. 
Heriberto  Hernandez  y  Hernandez. 
Pedro  J.  Diaz  y  Sota. 
Jos^  M.  Migueis. 
Eugenio  Ledon  Urlbe. 


Eladio  Cepero  Hernandez. 
Candido  Becarra  y  Puentes. 
Rafael  Perez  Pedroso. 
Domingo  Mendibouse  y  Llibre. 
Pedro  Gonzalez  Gomez. 
Leandro  Anchia  Contreras. 
Luis  Gonzalez. 
Antonio  Gonzalez  Garl. 
Aguada  Valdes  Aday. 


Julio  Garcia. 

Pedro  N.  Agttero. 

Fed  Barrios. 

Ernesto  M.  Agirre. 

Juan  Pablo  Rousseau. 

Julio  Garcia. 

Pedro  Rivera. 

Rosalia  Castinezra. 

Carmen  Coll. 
I  Juan  Monzon  Aguirre. 
!  Flora  Dortic6s. 

Josefa  PIna  Vda  Sanchez. 

Blanca  Vilaseca. 

Maria  Teresa  Gallart. 
'  Amiana  Garcia. 

Flora  A.  Ramos. 
,  Prlmitivo  Portal. 
I  Georgiana  Paniagda  . 
y  Mario  Montero  Baldarrain. 

Fed  Barrios. 
I  Emi Ho  Alvarez  Ballagas. 

Leonidas  Vincente  Lombida. 
I  Enrique  Gomez. 
I  Antonio  G.  Abreu. 

Pedro  N.  Aguero. 

Jos^  Antonio  Latorre. 
I  Nestor  Lara. 
1  Pedro  Parro. 
!  Pedro  Nunez. 
'  Virglllo  Lugo  Vifia. 
1  Luis  Gomez. 
I  Julio  D.  Argti611aj?. 

Benito  B.  PIche. 

Prlmitivo  Lopez  y  Alvarez. 

Pedro  N.  Aguero. 

Luis  Echemendia. 

Marchos  Pino. 

Juan  B.  Jiminez. 

Nicanor  Cantero  6  Yzuaga. 

Fidel  Denis. 

Wo  Lust. 

Augustin  G.  E.  Cardoso. 

Jos6  Ramon  P.  Cueto. 

Frederico  Zamora. 
I  Jos6  Yglesias. 
.  j  Cristobal  de  Zayas  Bazan. 

Federico  Zavas. 

Antonio  Befdarrain. 

Lorenzo  Dupony. 

Adolfo  Diaz. 

Eduardo  Benet. 

Lorenzo  Velshes. 

Juan  Yrazragorr^. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


686 


REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


No. 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Contmued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLABA-Contlnued 


Enumeration  dlslrlcta.. 


Designation. 


EnumeratoTB. 


182 
133 
184 
136 
186 
137 
138 


189 
140 
141 
142 
143 


144 
145 
146 
147 
148 
149 
160 
161 
162 


168 
164 
166 
166 
167 
168 
159 
160 
161 


162 
168 
164 
166 
166 


167 
168 


170 
171 


172 
178 
174 
176 
176 
177 
178 
179 
180 


181 
182 
188 
184 
185 


JUDICIAL  DlffTBICT,  CIKN FT EOOft— continued. 

Municipal  district,  CV^uepo^— Continued. 


Mandinga 

Ojode  Agua , 

Calabozar 

Caliidto 

Las  Charcafl 

Oavilan  y  Oavilancito. 
Jicotea 


Municipal  district,  San  Frmando. 


Ricardo  Abren. 
Joaquin  Rodriguez  del  Rey. 
Juan  B.  Garcia  Hernandez. 
Tomas  Pichoe. 
Gumersuido  Rangel. 
Felix  Gonzalez. 
Antonio  Montcvaro. 


First  and  second  distritoe  in  Pueblo,  Ban  Fernando Gumersuido  Carrera. 

Paradero Diego  Mill4n  Puertas, 

Ciego  Alonso Jo80  Garcia  Cordoves. 

Escarza Andr^  Garcia. 

Lomas  Grandes '  Joaquin  Capcstany  Aguila. 


Municipal  di^rid,  Cartagena. 


Agustin  Villaffee. 


Cartagena  (urban) _ 

First  part  Cartagena  (rural)  Manuel  Portela. 

Second  Dart  Ceurtagena  (rural) ■  Justo  Lopez. 

Ciego  Montero Ricardo  AlvArez. 


Soledad 

Santiago 

Cascalal  (urban) 
Cascajal  (rural) . 
Arriete 


Municipal  district,  Oruccs. 


Fint  part  of  north  district,  Cruces 

Second  part  of  first  part  of  north  district,  Cruces  . 
Third  part  of  first  part  of  north  district,  Cruces. . . 

South  district,  Cruces 

Montefirme 

Mai  Tiempo,  first  part 

Mai  Tiempo,  second  part 

LaViJa 

Instituciones  in  Cruces  y  Lajas 


Municipal  dittrict,  Abreus. 


Flntpartof  Abreus 

Second  part  of  Abreus 

Third  part  of  Abreus 

Fourth  part  of  Abreus 

Instituclones  para  Plantaciones  . 


Municipal  district,  Palmira. 


Tint  part,  Palmira  . . . 
Second  part.  Palmira. 
Third  part,  Palmira  . . 

First  part,  Arango 

Seoond  part,  Arango . 


Municipal  district,  Rodas. 


Flirt  part  of  Cabecera  (Rodas) . . . . 
Second  part  of  Cabecera  (Rodas)  . 
Third  part  of  Cabecera  (Rodas) . . . 

First  part  of  Limones 

Second  part  of  Limones 

First  part  of  Congojas 

Second  part  of  Congojas 

Jabacoa 

Medldas 


Municipal  district,  Santa  Vsabel  de  las  Lajas. 


Firrtpartof  Centro..., 
Second  part  of  Centro, 
Third  part  of  Centro.. 
Fourth  part  of  Centro. 
Salto 


Armando  Reye 
Ramon  Ovieao. 
Maria  L.  Guml. 
Ant*  Gonzalez. 
Justo  Lopez. 


Agtirtin  Breton  Capiro. 
Eulogio  Estrada  y  Gonzalez. 
Federico  Layas  Sta.  Cruz. 
Eulogio  Estrada  y  Gonzalez. 
Miguel  Gomez  Ruiz. 
Dionisio  J.  Yrarroeorra. 
Fernando  Machaao. 
Fernando  Machado  Meza. 
Salvador  Sanjuan  y  CasteU6n. 


Juan  N.  Guerrero. 
Aurelio  Aulet. 
Marcos  Pino. 
Manuel  del  Castillo. 
Fidel  Denis. 


Agustin  G.  Entenza  Cardosa. 
Francisco  Alfonso  Hurtado. 
Roscndo  Gallardo  Ramirez. 
Juan  Hernandez  Castineira. 
Leopoldo  Machado  Mauero. 


Antonio  J.  G.  Pefiate. 
Jos^  M.  Avellaneda. 
Jos^R.P.Cueto. 
Agustin  de  Rojas  y  Sanchez. 
Ram6n  A.  Garcia. 
Landelina  Cortes  y  de  Lara. 
R.  J.  Alfonso. 
Diego  M.  Puertaa. 
Manuel  L.  Curlello. 


Mercedes  A.  Alfonso. 
Angelica  P.  Alpizar. 
Joaquin  L.  Legorburo. 
Evaristo  G.  Aguila. 
Tom&sV.Bojas. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   xm. 


687 


EmimeraJtwn  districts  and  enumeralors — Continued. 
PROVINCB  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DiBTRicT,  cisNTUBooe— Continued. 

Municipal  district,  Sarda  Ytabel  de  Uu  Xq/d«— Cont'd. 

Terry 

Salaao  y  Santa  Rosa 

Nuevas 

JX7DICIAL  DI8TKICT,  8AOX7A  UL  ORAXDE. 

Municipal  district,  Sagua  la  Qrande, 


Flrrtparl 
Second  pi 
Third  pai 
Fourth  pi 
Fifth  par 
Sixth  pai 
Seventh  i 
First  pari 
Second  pi 
Third  pai 

Juxnagna 

Fifth  part  of  Sur  (Ciudad.Sagtia  la  Grande).. 

Rural  part  of  Sagua 

Ysabelk  (urban) 

Ysabela  (rural  and  keys) 

San  Juan 

Fourth  ps^  of  Sur  (Ciudad,  Sagua  la  Grande) 

First  part  of  Satiacito 

Second  part  of  Sitlscito 

ChlnchlJa 


Grande).... 
la  Grande)., 
a  Grande) ... 
la  Grande).. 

I  Grande) 

I  Grande)  . . . 
i  la  Grande). 

rande) 

I  Grande).... 
Grande) 


Municipal  district,  Cijuenles. 


Este  (CindAd  de  Cifuentes) 

Oeste  (Ciudad  de  Cifuentes) 

Rural  portions  at  the  east  and  west  of  Cifuentes  . 
Barro. 


Sitio  Grande. 

Alacran 

Axnaio 


Municipal  district,  Ceja  de  Pablo. 


First  part  of  Coralillo  (urban  and  rural)  ...... 

Second  part  of  Coralillo  (rural) 

Sabana  Grande 

Palma  Sola 

First  part  of  Sierra  Morena  (urban  and  rural) . 

Second  part  of  Sierra  Morena  (rural) 

Ceja  de  Pablo  (rural) 


Municipal  district,  Qucmado  de  Giiinet. 

Poblftdo,  first  part  (pueblo)  (Quemado  de  Gfiines) .. 
Poblado,  second  part  (rural)  (Quemado  de  Gtiines). 

San  Valentin  (Quemado  de  Gtlines) 

Caguaguas 

Gttlnes 

Zambumbia 

Carahatas,  first  part 

Carahatas,  second  part 

PasoCavado 


Municipal  district,  Rancho  Veloz. 


Flrstpartof  Santa  F6  (rural)  ... 
Second  part  of  Santa  F6  (rural). 
Third  part  of  Santa  F6  (urban). 

Crimea 

Aguas  Claras 

Guarillas 

Chavez 


Municipal  district,  Santo  Domingo. 


Este  ciudad  Santo  Domingo. . . 
Oeste  ciudad  Santo  Dominigo. . 


Enumerators. 


Leonilo  Caballero. 
Santiago  F.  Mora  7  Mora. 
Emllio  Jimenez. 


Matilda  N.Machin. 
Antonio  Oldriozola. 
Antonio  Rosales. 
Clara  Martinez. 
Adriana  Mazolo  y  Rojas. 
Emma  Chamberlain. 

Do. 
Francisco  A.  de  Ovares. 
Luis  Gonzales  y  Ruiz. 
J066  L.  Martel. 
Florencio  Someillan. 
Domingo  Bonet. 
Dario  P.  Medir. 
Jos^  A.  Hebia. 
Juan  F.  Mesa. 
Carlos  Oartaya. 
Antonio  Rosales. 
Joaquin  Marti. 
Carlos  Cartava. 
Juan  F.  Fernol. 


Juan  Bta  Fernandez. 
Juan  M.  B.  Hernandez. 
Pio  de  la  B.  Morejon. 
Francisco  A.  Santos. 
Manuel  F.  Bermudez. 
Manuel  A.  N.  Mesa. 
Adolfo  Arenas  y  Lima. 


Andrte  de  Pefia  v  Varona. 
Francisco  E.  Guillen. 
Antonio  Perez  Alvarez. 
Nanciso  Dama  Lopez. 
Gabino  P.  Bacallao. 
Francisco  S.  Navarro. 
3o6&  S.  Estruch. 


Salvador  P.  L.  Gibert. 
Pedro  M.  Lasarte  y  Ruiz. 
Alfredo  L.  Casado. 
J086  Y.  Lasarte. 
Antonio  Gonzalez. 
Miguel  R.  Mesa. 
Tomas  D.  Ruiz. 
Jo64  Y.  Lasarte. 
Juan  O.  Ruiz. 


Jacinto  Duvon. 
Becis  Sanchez. 
Aleiandro  G.de  Mendoza. 
Jose  Fur. 
J.R.Cappen. 
Ramon  Campuzano. 
Joaquin  Macnado. 


Belen  Quiros. 
Gustavo  Casanova, 


Digitized  by 


Google 


688 


BEFOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


EnumercUion  diMricls  and  aiumeraion — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Enomeration  districU^. 


No. 


241 
242 
243 
244 
245 
246 
247 
248 
249 
250 


251 
252 
258 
254 
256 
256 
257 
258 
259 
260 
261 
262 
263 
264 
265 


267 
268 
269 
270 
271 
272 
273 
274 
275 


276 
277 
278 
279 
280 
281 
282 
288 
284 


285 
286 
287 
288 
289 
290 
291 
292 
293 
294 
295 
296 
297 
298 
299 
300 


Designation. 


EnumenUofB. 


JUDICIAL  DUTBICT,  8AGCA   LA  GRANDS— Continued.         I 

Municipal  dUtrict,  Santo  Dominffo-Continued, 

Puerto  Eacondido Ricaido  MIyares. 

Manacan  y  8an  MArcofl Rafael  Mauresa  y  Silva. 

Baracaldo,  Potrerillo,  y  Arenas Joe^  Y.  Martinez. 

Jicotea,  y  San  Bartolom6 Benito  Rodriguez. 

RioyCerrito Joe^  Garcia  Rieni. 

San  Juan ,  Leoncio  B.  Nunez. 

Rod  rigo 1  Luis  Valasco  y  Al  meida. 


Alvarez  y  Mordazo 

Jiquiabo  y  Jiqul 

YaDudto ,. 

JUDICIAL  DI9TRICT,   BKMEDIOS. 

Municipal  dleiriet,  San  Juan  de  lot  Ranediot. 

FIrrt  part  of  Ciudad  Remedies  a«) 

Second  part  of  Cindad  Remedios  (1") 

Third  part  of  Cindad  Remedios  (2*) 

Fourth  part  of  Ciudad  RemeflioH  O) 

Fifth  part  of  Ciudad  Remedios  (4«') 

Sixth  part  of  Ciudad  Remedios 

Tetuan 

Bartolom^ 

Carolina 

Guanidbes 

First  part  of  Buena  Vi«ta 

Second  part  of  Buena  Vista 

Third  part  of  Buena  Vista 

Fourth  part  of  Buena  Vista 

Fifth  part  of  Buena  Vista 

Ciangrejo  y  Remate 

Municipal  district,  Ptaodas. 

First  part  Ciudad  de  Placetas 

Second  part  Ciudad  de  Plaeeta« 

Third  part  Ciudad  de  Placetas 

San  Andr^  y  Vista  Hermosa 

First  part  of  Tivisial  y  Nazareno 

Second  part  of  Tivisial  y  Nazareno 

Guaracabulla 

Hernando  y  Sltlo  Patrero 

Nazareno 

Municipal  district,  Caibaritn. 

First  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien 

Second  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien 

Third  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien 

Fourth  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien 

Fifth  part  of  the  Vil la  Caibarien 

Sixth  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien 

ElTaneo 

Guajabana 

Conuco  (key) 

Municipal  district,  (Mmajuani. 

First  part  of  Cabecera,  Camajuani 

Second  part  of  Cabecera,  Camajuani 

Third  part  of  Cabecera,  Camajuani 

Fourth  part  of  Cabecera,  Camajuani 

Egidos 

First  partof  Sabana 

Second  part  of  Sabana 

First  part  of  Santa  Clarita 

Second  part  of  Santa  Clarita 

Salamanca 

First  part  of  G uadalupe 

Second  part  of  Guadalupe 

Third  part  of  Guadalupe 

Fourjh  partof  Guadalupe 

First  part  of  Zulueta 

Second  part  of  Zulueta 


Fernando  Lera. 
Casimeiro  Cepero. 
Enrique  Valdes. 


LuisHerrada. 
Antonio  Perdomo. 
Maria  de  Morales  Nieblas. 
J.M.Jover. 

Joaquin  Vigil  y  Quintaual. 
Jos^  Eacaudone. 
C.Yrio. 

Pompeyo  P.  Bonaehea. 
Miguel  Vigil. 
Oth6n  de  Caturla. 
Leopoldo  L.  Amau. 
Luis  M.  Martin. 
Pompeyo  Perez  Bonaehea. 
Manuel  Estrada. 
J.  M.  Delegado. 
Do. 


Francisco  A.  Soriano. 
Amado  Gonzalez. 
3o8&  Nufiez  Morales. 
Franco  Casanova. 
ioB&  Garcia. 
Franco  Casanova. 
Augustin  G.  Farran. 
Fernando  Cruz  Pina 
DelfinOoco. 


Francisco  P.  Falf  e. 
Ricardo  Patifio. 
Rafael  y  Escobar  Laredo. 
Aneel  de  Leon. 
Julio  A.  Garcia. 
Angel  Lima. 
Luis  M.  Martin. 
Luis  Garcia  Riera. 
Juan  Poldo. 


Maria  Domenech  y  Lorda. 
Francisco  Cabarrocas. 
Eduardo  Valderez. 
Jos4  Bencones  Ramos. 
Angel  E.  Rosende  Zayas. 
Rafael  P.  Bonaehea. 
Luis  Valasco. 
Rodolfo  Valderas. 
Eduardo  Valderas. 
Rigoberto  F.  Sabido. 
Rogelio  F.  Talon  y  Junes 
Buenaventura  Gall. 
Juan  M.  Nunez. 
Jos4  M.Garcia. 
Manuel  Estrada. 
Bueoayentura  Gall, 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPEKDIX  Xm. 

Enumeration  diatricls  and  enumerators— Conimned. 


689 


PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA-Continued. 


Enumeration  diatricts. 


Designation. 


Enuneratore. 


86lT 


JUDICIAL  DOSTBicT,  RKMKOIO0— contintied. 
Municipal  district,  San  Antonio  de  las  VuOtat. 


Cabecera  (Antonio  de  las  Vueltas). 

Charco  Hondo 

AguadadeMoya 

Sagua  la  Chica  7  Cayoe 

Taguayabon 

Vegas  de  las  Palmas 

Piedras 

Quinta 

VegoAlta 

First  part  of  Bosque 

Second  partof  Bosaue 

Sur  y  Oeste  de  Egiaos 


Hunicipal  district,  Yaguajay. 


Flirt  part  of  Cabecera  (Yaguajay) . . . . 
Second  part  of  Cabecera  (Yaguajay)  . 

Flirt  partof  Mayajigua 

Second  part  of  Mayajigua. 


Gillermo  Bq>inom. 

JoB&  Mendez. 

J.M.Nufies. 

Rafael  0.  Echernendla. 

Raimundo  Rebollar. 

Pert ecto  Conasona  y  Rodriguez. 

Florinda  de  la  Hoi. 

Rafael  Perez  Pedroso. 

Desiderio  Jimenez. 

Pi6spero  Perez. 

Rafael  C.  Echernendla. 

(^eetino  £q>ino8a. 


Clementina  C.  Prieto. 
Teresa  P.  Laredo. 
Salvador  G.  Oreham. 
Juan  B.  Ckircia. 


Seibabo Alfredo  C.  Prieto. 

Eliseo  Suarez. 
Arturo  Jimenez. 
Rafael  Perez. 
Jo66  B.  Boiges. 
JuYial  Davila. 


Centeno . 

Meneses 

Bamburano 

First  partof  Keys,  and  Institutions.. 
Second  part  of  Keys 


JITDICIAL  DIOTRICT,  TRINIDAD. 

Municipal  district,  Trinidad. 


Flirt  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad , 

Second  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad , 

Third  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad 

Fourthpartof  the  city  of  Trinidad. , 

FifthpartofthecityofTrinidad**-- 

Sixth  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad 

Seventh  partof  the  city  of  Trinidad 

Eighth  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad 

Casilda  (urban) , 

Cadlda  (rural  and  keys) 

Firrtpart,  Rlode  Ay , 

Second  part,  Rio  de  Ay 

Cabag&n 

Fiirtpart,Quaniguical 

Second  part, Guaniguical...-,^.'.. 

Caracusey ^.<^ 

San  Pedro ^ 

San  Francisco .-^.' 

Qiiinia  de  Miranda^ 

Jiquixnas ^, 

Fomento ./, 

JUeftciAL  DISTBICT,  8ANCTI  8PIBITU8. 


unicipal  district,  Sancti  Spiritus. 


PiTBt  part^of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . 
SecondJfiart  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus  . . 
Third^art  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus. . . . 
Fourtfh  pwt  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus  . . 
FiftlTpart  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus  . . . . 
8l^«i  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . .. 
Seventh  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus. , 

^hth  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus  . 

inth  pert  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus. . . 
lenth  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus. . . 

Jlbaro 

Chorrera  Brava 

Cabaiguan 

Guayos 

Santa  Luda 

Manacas 

First  part  of  Paula 

Second  part  of  Paula 

Third  part  of  Paula 


Elena  Gonzalez. 

Teresa  Mestre  Cagigal. 

Enrique  Pina  Jimenez. 

Elvira  Cabana. 

Ellnda  Cortes  y  Silva. 

Enrique  Lara. 

Sofia  Torrado  y  Ponce. 

Mercedes  Pomares  y  Gonzales. 

Blanca  Corbeiller. 

D.  Petersen. 

Miguel  Mainena. 

Plo  Daniel  Cadalso. 

Jo86  Ma.  Mauri. 

Carlos  E.  Lynn. 

Nicanor  J.  Domlnguez. 

Fernando  H.  Reyna. 

Vincente  Panadez. 

Elrov  Cabana  y  Orri. 

Teodoro  de  Leon. 

Vincente  SuArez. 

Pertecto  Quintana. 


Rafael  Pina  y  Marin. 

America  A.  Gonzalez. 

Ana  G.  P.  Echernendla. 

America  Castafleda  y  Valdeira. 

Natalia  y  Cafllzares  y  Gomez. 

Franco,  del  Valle  Gonzalez. 

Altagracia  de  Cespedes  y  Canyares. 

Maria  W.  Verson. 

Mariano  Qomez  y  Gomez. 

Joaquin  Gomez. 

Mariano  J.  Pahnero  y  Hildago. 

AdolfoC.Canas. 

Francisco  L.  Sort. 

Tomas  F.  Rodriguez. 

Roque  V.  Ambroeino. 

Miguel  M.  del  Toro. 

Juan  Y.  Perez. 

Miguel  Minguez. 

AdolfoC.C 


24662 M 


/ 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


690 


REPORT   ON  THE   OElSrSUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators. — Continued. 


PROVINCK  OF  SANTA  CLARA.— OontlniieiL 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enmneimton. 

No. 

Designation. 

D63 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANCH  SPIBITUS— COnttDDed. 

Municipal  dittritt,  SancH  SJpirihi^-Contlnued. 
First  part  of  San  Andrta 

Manuel  P.  Jimenes. 

364 

Second  part  of  San  Andr^  and  Pueblo  Nuevo 

Mariano  Gomes. 

365 

First  part  of  Tagnasco  y  Pedro  Barba r  t  . , 

LuisR.  Rensoli. 

866 

Second  part  of  Taguasco  y  Pedro  Barba 

Sixto  Fernandez  Latorre. 

867 

Third  part  of  Taguasco  y  Pedro  Barba r . , ,  r . 

Roque  V.  Ambrosino. 

868 

Bellamot& 

J.fiLC.  Gomes. 

869 

Paredes 

B.  Weiss  Gramtges. 

870 

First  part  of  Ouasimal 

Jesus  Cms  drdoc 

871 

Second  part  of  Ouasimal 

AdoUo  C.  Canaa. 

87? 

Tunas rfe  Zasa. 

Roffelio  P.  Estrada. 
Raotel  M.  Mocgada 

878 

Oavos  Docfl  Tififfiias 

874 

Banao 

Bamab6  de  Pina  y  Valde& 

SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 


JUDICIAL  DISTBICT.  SANTIAGO  DB  CUBA,  NOBTB. 

Municipal  ditMd,  AUo  Songo. 

AltoSongo 

do 

Moron 

El  Socorro  y  Maya 

Ti  Arriba 

Lomadel  Gato 

Palenque 

Jarahueca 

Mayari  Arriba 

Florida  Blanca 


Municipal  district,  Palma  Soriano. 


Palma Soriano ... 

do 

Las  Cuchillas 

Remanganaguas . 

Sltio 

Concepci6n 

San  Leandro 

Yarayabo 

Cauto  Baire . 

Dorados .  

Cauto  Abalo,  first  part . 
Cauto  Abajo,  second  part . 
Santa  Filomena 


Municipal  dUtrict,  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

DiOao 

Santo  Tom^ 

..-.do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

Cristo 

....do 

....do 

do ; 

Cristo  (coastwise  ships) , 

Trinidad V.. 

....do 

....do :..::; 

....do 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANTIAGO  DK  CUBA,  SUB. 


Municipal  district,  Santiago  de  Cuba. 


Belen  . 
....do. 
....do. 


Joan  Lopes. 
J.  M.  Brayo. 
Joa6  Castillo. 
Domingo  Grinao. 
Miguel  8.  Giro. 
Armando  Villalon. 
Emillo  Mas. 
Guillermo  BoUyar. 
R6mulo  Carbenell. 
RlcardoRizo. 


A.  Meana. 
Pedro  Valiente. 
Norberto  Romero. 
Tomas  Artigas. 
Lino  Hourrutiner. 
Buenaventura  Beaton. 
Herminlo  Lorla. 
Aicadlo  Ysaac 
Rafael  Salasar. 
Bartolome  Ramls. 
Miguel  Planas. 
Madi20  Benites. 
LlnoB6i^t^s< 


Ramon  Regaell^'^^ 
Ernesto  Giro. 
Juan  Mayon. 
O.  Ybarra  y  M. 
Franco.  Guasch. 
Francisco  Romani. 
JuanCros. 
T.  Rouseau. 
Manuel  Puncet 
Alberto  Cutt6. 
J086  Chamiso. 
Angel  Mesa. 
Lino  Caraballd. 
Joe6  Pagliery. 
Enrique  Camlnero. 


Juan  Cortex  Gonxalet. 
Bartolome  Portuondo 
Octavio  Sant6. 


22 !.*!*!!!!;*.;.'.";;  Franco Cutl6. 


.do 


I  Rafael  Beigues. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AFFEKDIZ   Xm. 


691 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continned. 
SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Continued. 


Ennmeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  8ANTIAOO  DK  CUBA,  8UR— Continued. 

Municipal  district,  Santiago  de  Ou5a— Continued. 

Dolores 

ao 

do 

do 

Dolores 

Catedral 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Catedral  Belen  lasLagunas 

Ramon  de  las  Yaguas 

do 


Municipal  district,  San  Luis. 


San  Luis 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

Monte  dos  Leguas . 

do 

La  Luz 

DosCaminos 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 


Municipal  dUtriet,  El  Oaney. 


Caney 

do 

Lagunas 

Sevilla 

Guanlnicum 

.-..do 

Dos  Bocas 

....do 

Baraiagua 

Paz  de  los  Naranjos  . 

Damajayabo 

do : 

do 

Zacatecas 

Daiquiri 


Municipal  district,  Cristo. 


Crlfito.. 
....do. 


Municipal  district.  El  Cobre. 

Cobre , 

do 

Ermitafio 

Asserradero 

Macio 

Sevilla 

Sevilla 

Dos  Palmas 

do 

Manacas 

Santa  Rita 

Rio  Frio 

Botija 

Cayo  Smit 

Caimanes 

Brazo  de  Cauto 

do 

Hongolosongo 

NimaMima 


Jos^  Perozos. 
Jo64  Bargalld. 
Manuel  Perez. 
J.  J.  Hernandez. 
Octavio  Peralta. 
Florentino  Rosell, 
Mariano  Gonzalez. 
Lino  Salazar. 
Miguel  Pacheco. 
Alfredo  Navarro. 
Juan  Hechavaina. 
Rafael  Ribas. 
Octavio  Nuiry. 


Manuel  Badia. 
Juan  E.  Men^ndez. 
Juan  Gonzalez  Vera. 
Conrado  Men^ndez. 
Francisco  Burgos. 
Francr.  Pol. 
Jos^  Alayo. 
Modesto  Carbo. 
Joaquin  Guardia. 
Juan  Rodriquez. 
Jos4  Dedieu. 
Jos<^  Ma.  Gonzalez. 
Eugenio  Bartutes. 


Manuel  Valiente. 
Alfonso  Anaya. 
Jos6  Busquet. 
Aurelio  Cabrera. 
Manuel  Domingo. 
Alberto  Ybarra. 
Rafael  Lopes. 
Julio  Rojas. 
Manuel  Villalon. 
Santiago  Soto. 
Otavio  Mena. 
Domingo  Fernandez. 
Felix  Carbonell. 
Ernesto  Brloso. 
Luis  Rodridgues. 


Frederico  Cuti^. 
Francisco  Gramatges. 


Santiago  Jambil. 
Urbano  Justiz. 
Frederico  Bolivar. 
Joe6  Niubo. 
Carlos  Pillot. 
Rafael  Palacios. 
Tomas  Garzon. 
Evaristo  Hernandez. 
Domingo  Zambrano. 
Miguel  Balanz6. 
Pedro  Couret. 
Fulgenclo  Diaz. 
Rlcardo  Carulla. 
Marcial  Laguna. 
Franco.  Gutlnez. 
Federico  Jaen. 
Pedro  Almirall. 
Franco.  Fablada. 
Jos^  Estrada. 
Franco.  Bonne. 


m 


Digitized  by 


Google 


690 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  digtrids  and  enumeraUm. — Contmued. 
PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA.— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumezatora. 

No. 

Designation. 

W» 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  8ANCT1  BPIRITU8— OOUdUUed. 

Munidpai  district,  Sancti  .9p<ntu«— Continued, 
f"— *—*--' «—i  Andres 

Manuel  P.  Jimenes. 

iW4 

I                        Ian  Andrte  and  Pueblo  Nuevo 

Mariano  Gomes. 

HA,*) 

ruasco  y  Pedro  Barba 

Luis  R.  Rensoll. 

H66 

J                          Paguaflco  y  Pedro  Barba. 

Sixto  Femandes  Latorre. 

867 

'                          iiguasco  y  Pedro  Barba 

Roque  V.  Ambrosino. 
J.  R.  C.  Gomez. 

868 

369 

]                          

B.  Weiss  Gramtgea. 

870 

ligimal 

Jesus  Cms  Ordoc 

871 

J                          ^uasimal » . . . 

Adolfo  C.  Canas. 

87? 

Rogelio  P.  Brtrada. 
Ra&el  M.  Moigado. 

873 

(                          uas 

874 

Bamab^  de  Pina  y  Valdea. 

SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANTIAGO  DB  CX7BA«  NOBTK. 

Municipal  diitrict,  AUo  S(mgo. 

AltoSongo 

do 

Moron 

El  Socorro  y  Maya 

Ti  Arriba 

Lomadel  Gato 

Palenque 

Jarabueca 

Mayari  Arriba 

Florida  Blanca 


Municipal  district,  Palma  Soriano. 


Palma  Soriano  . . . 

do 

LasCucbillas 

Remanganaguas . 

Sitio 

ConcepcI6n 

San  Leandro 

Yarayabo 

CautoBaire 

Dorados. 


Cauto  Abaio,  first  part 

Cauto  Abajo,  second  part . 
Santa  Fllomena 


Municipal  district,  Santiago  dc  Cuba. 

Dajao , 

Santo  TomAs 

do 

do 

....do 

....do 

Cristo 

....do .".*.*."" 

....do * 

....do 

Cristo  (coastwise  sbips) 

Trinidad V.. 

....do 

....do :;:•'• 

....do •• 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA,  8UR. 


Belen  . 
....do. 
....do. 
....do. 
....do. 


Municipal  district,  Santiago  dc  Cuba. 


J 
J 
J 
£ 

A 
E 
G 
B 


A.MeanA. 
Pedro  Valiente. 
Norberto  Romero. 
Tomas  Artigas. 
Lino  Hourmtiner. 
Buenaventura  Beaton. 
Herminio  Levis. 
Arcadio  Ysaao. 
Rafael  Salasar. 
^lomeRamls. 
Planas. 
Ma^a^^enltes. 

Lino] 


Ramon  ^egHeuT 
Ernesto  Giro.     \ 
Juan  Mayon. 
O.  Ybarra  y  M. 
Franco.  Guasch. 
Francisco  Romani. 
JuanCroe. 
T.  Rouseau. 
Manuel  Puncet. 
Alberto  Cutid. 
Joe6  Chamizo. 
Angel  Mesa. 
Lino  Caraball6. 
Jo86  Pagliery. 
Enrique  Caminero. 


\ 


Juan  Cortez  Gonzalez. 
Bartolome  Portuondo 
Octavio  Sant«. 
Franco  Cutl^. 
Rafael  Beigues. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPEITDLX   Xm. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continned. 
SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Continued. 


691 


Ennmeratlon  districts. 


116. 


rtuooOO 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DIBTRICT,  SANTIAGO  DK  CUBA,  SUB— Continued. 

Municipal  district,  Santiago  dc  Citfta^-Continued. 

Del  ores 

ao 

do 

do 

Dolores 

Gated  ml 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Catedral  Belen  las  Lagunas 

Ramon  de  las  Yaguas 

do 


Municipal  district,  San  Luis. 

San  Luia 

do 

do : 

do 

do 

Monte  dos  Leguas 

do 

La  Luz I  Modesto  Carbo. 

DosCaminos Joaquin  Guardia. 

do Juan  Rodriquez. 

do I  Jos6  Dedieu. 

do I  Jo86  Ma.  Gonzalez. 

do Eugenio  Bartutes. 


Enumerators. 


JosdPerozos. 
Jo66  Bargalld. 
Manuel  Perez. 
J.  J.  Hernandez. 
Octavio  Peralta. 
Florentino  Roeell, 
Mariano  Gonzalez. 
Lino  Salazar. 
Miguel  Pacheco. 
Alfredo  Navarro. 
Juan  Hechavaina. 
Rafael  Ribas. 
Octaylo  Nuiry. 


Manuel  Badia. 
Juan  E.  Men^ndez. 
Juan  Gonzalez  Vera. 
Conrado  Men^ndez. 
Francisco  Burgos. 
Francr.  Pol. 
Jo86  Alayo. 


Municipal  district,  El  Oaney. 


Caney Manuel  Valiente. 

do Al  fonso  Anaya. 

Lagunas I  Jo84  Busquet. 

Sevilla '  Aurelio  Cabrera. 

Guaninicum i  Manuel  Domingo. 

.do I  Alberto  Ybarra. 


Dos  Bocas. 

....do 

Baraiagua 

Paz  de  los  Naranjos  . 

Damajayabo 

do : 

do 

Zacatecas 

Daiquiri 


Municipal  district,  Cristo. 


Cristo.. 
....do. 


Rafael  Lopes. 
Julio  Rojas. 
Manuel  Villalon. 
Santiago  Soto. 
Otavio  Mena. 
Domingo  Fernandez. 
Felix  Carbonell. 
Ernesto  Brioso. 
Luis  Rodridgues. 


Prederico  Cuti6. 
Francisco  Gramatges. 


Municipal  district.  El  Cdbre. 

Cobre Santiago  Jambd . 

do Urbano  Justiz. 

Ermitafio I  Frederico  Bolivar. 

Asserradero '  Jos^  Niubo. 


Carlos  Pillot. 
Rafael  Palacios. 
Tomas  Garzon. 
Evaristo  Hernandez. 
Domingo  Zambrano. 
Miguel  Balanz6. 


Macio 

Sevilla 

Sevilla 

Dos  Pal  mas. 

do 

ManaciuM....  _      

Santa  Rita I  Pedro  Couret. 

Bio  Frio '  Fulgencio  Diaz. 

^tija I  Rlcardo  Carulla. 

"▼o  Smlt Marcial  Laguna. 

manes i  Franco.  Gutinez. 

ICO  de  Cttuto Federico  Jaen. 

io Pedro  Almirall. 

agolosongo '  Franco.  Fablada. 

^o I  Jos^  Estrada. 

naMima I  Franco.  Bonne. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


692 


BSPOBT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


ErwuMration  dittricU  and  enumeraior$ — Contmued. 
SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Ccmtlnaed. 


Ennmemtion  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


Entuneraton. 


107 
106 
109 
110 
HI 
112 
118 
114 
115 
116 
U7 
118 
U9 
120 
121 
122 
128 
124 
125 
126 
127 
128 
129 
180 
181 
182 
188 
184 
185 
186 
187 
188 
189 
140 
141 
142 
148 
144 
145 
146 
147 


148 
149 
150 
161 
152 
153 
154 


155 
156 
157 
158 
159 
160 
161 
162 
168 
164 
165 
166 
167 
168 
169 
170 
171 
172 
178 


JITDICIXL  DUrrBICT,  GUANTANAXO. 

Municipal  dittrid^  Quantanamo. 

Mercado  (poblado) 

Rastxo  (p€>blado) 

Ysieto. .;:.'. 

Galmanera 

Ocujal  y  Buffues 

Arroyo  Hondo 

CasiseyAbajo 

RioBeoo 

....do 

Baitlqniri 

Glorieta 

Glorieta  (poblado) 

Hospital  (poblado) 

Yndios 

JaiboAbeJo 

CorrallUo 

Vinculo 

(jtobiemo  (poblado) 

Caridad  (poblado) 

Guaso 

do 

Jamaica 

do 

Caalnibae 

Casisey  Arriba 

Siffoal 

Palmar 

.....do 

Yateras 

do 

CMatro  Caminos 

Parroqoia  (poblado) 

Bano 

Jalbo  Arriba 

Palma  San  Juan 

Gamarones 

Lajas 

.....do 

Tiguabos 

do 

Macoriges 

Municipal  ditMct,  Sagua  de  Tnmamo, 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

Zabala 

Miguel 

Bazan 

Juan  Diaz 

Esteron 

Calabagas 

JUDICIAL  DICTBICT,  MANZAKILLO. 

Municipal  district^  ManzanUlo. 


Manzanillo. 

do 

.....do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

DeOro 

De  Plata.... 
Esperanza.. 

do 

ElCano .... 

Yara 

do 

Blanquizal . 

Jibacoa 

do 

Zanal 


Jos6  L.  Eq>ino. 

Frandsco  A.  Laguna. 

Vicente  Aguirre  y  ChauTeax. 

Franco.  Berengues. 

Maximo  Diaz. 

Victor  Deville. 

Juan  Danguillecourt. 

Andres  Garda. 

Manuel  Soler. 

Rafael  Dias  PnrtiUos. 

Arturo  Dnharte. 

JustoGiro. 

Rafael  Diaz. 

Joe6  Cisneros  Diaz. 

Miguel  Portuondo. 

Lorenzo  Sainz. 

Manuel  Pontean. 

Angel  Rayeto. 

Manuel  Portuondo. 

R6mulo  Barradat. 

LuisMegret. 

Santiago  Esplno. 

Rafael  Mestre. 

Antonio  Soto. 

Ramon  Dominga 

BandilioSallan. 

Julio  EeUv. 

Joe6  Rodrigues. 

Juan  8.  Aguilera. 

Octavio  Lay. 

Alberto  Gonzales. 

Enrique  MartL 

Luis  Soler. 

Franco.  Ramon. 

Satumino  Planes. 

Pedro  Ferran. 

Pedro  Mirabal. 

Arturo  U.  Armesto. 

Franco.  Garcia. 

Agustin  Gollantes. 

Frandsco  Perez  Andres. 


Joe6  Ma.  Ver&nes. 
Eladio  Ceono. 
Eladio  Velazquez. 
Enrique  C^hedia. 
Agustin  ReTl. 
LuisFifTe. 
Ygnado  Boladeres. 


Jaime  E  Ram6n. 
Filberto  Zayas. 
Eugenio  Fernandez. 
Jos6  C.  Guerra. 
Jos^RosRoe. 
Emllio  Forment  Rovira, 
Jo86  Vails  EchAni^. 
Celedonia  Rodriguez. 
Manuel  T.  Hen  nndez. 
Miguel  Benarides  Martinez. 
Maximillano  Diaz. 
Franco.  Antunez. 
Pedro  Vazquez  Marti. 
Vicente  Perez  Zunigo. 
Juan  Leon  Casillo. 
Carlos  BertQt 
Jaime  Santisteban. 
Pablo  Roget  Samana. 
Manuel  Saris. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX  xin. 

EnumeraHon  dittricts  and  enumeraJton — Continaed. 
SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA-Omtinoed. 


698 


Enumeration  districte.                                 1 

Enumerators. 

No. 

Designation. 

174 

JUDICTAL  DI8TBICT,  MANZANILLO— COntioned. 

Municipal  dittrid,  ifansoniBo-CJontlnned. 
Zarzal 

Daniel  Presilla. 

17ft 

Congo - 

Enlensipo  L.  Merchonehin. 
Bemado  Aces  Ros. 

176 

Congo,  Calici 
Caliclto 

to  Esperanza  y  Jibacoa 

177 

LuisFrias. 

178 

Media  Luna. 
do 

Joe6  Bodes. 

179 

Joe6  Y.  Elias. 

180 

Vicana -- - -- -- - 

Tomas  Oonxalef^ 

181 

Media  Luna. 
do 

Joaquin  Codina. 

18? 

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

188 

do 

Edelberto  Domingues. 
Enrique  Portales. 

America  Betancourt. 

184 

do 

185 

J 

Conmechnela 

(ufUcipal  cUtlrict,  Qtmpechuda. 

18ft 

Manuel  Navarrete. 

187 

do 

Pedro  Figuerede. 
Manuel  £.  y  Estrada. 
Endaldo  Manrique. 

188 
189 

Tercero 

do 



190 

Cnarto 

Maximillian  Garcia. 

191 

do 

Juan  Femandes. 

19? 

do 

Luis  Bertran. 

19S 

PrIin<^IX>  . .  * . . 

Enrique  Cespedes. 
Dominador  ne  la  Qnardla. 

194 

Crwrto. . . 

195 

Primeroy  Sej 
HegUDdo. .... 

^ndo.. 

Antonio  Saumell. 

19ft 

Eduardo  Boca  Boca. 

197 

San  Jtian.... 

JUDICIAI*  DUTRICr,  BATAMO. 
Mufdcipal  diibrict,  Bayamo, 

Antonio  Facheco. 

198 

Cristo -- - - 

Jorge  Chaves. 
Bafoel  V.  Bos. 

199 

Laguna  Blan 
Cauto  del  En 
do 

ca 

?00 

ibarcadero 

Miguel  Figueredo. 
Armado  Prats. 

Wl 

?0? 

Qnamo 

Jos^  Chev^n. 

?08 

Vequito 

Pablo  Hernandez. 

?04 

do 

Jorge  Bonet. 
Yldefonso  Presilla. 

?n5 

do 

?Oft 

do 

Manuel  Tomaris. 

907 

Bueycito 

Julio  Cespedes. 

708 

Qulfla 

Rafael  Parreque. 
Porflsio  Bonet. 

?09 

do 

710 

do 

Rafael  R.  Corrias. 

711 

do 

Hiram  Tamayo. 

71? 

Datil 

Ysmael  C.  y  fistrada. 

718 

Barrancas 

Esteban  Castro. 

714 

Homo......r 

Ignado  Tamayo. 

715 

Jignanl...... 

Municipal  dittrict,  Jiguani. 

Joaquin  Escalante. 
Luis  Dudefaix. 

71ft 

Balre 

717 

do 

Demetrio  Lora. 

718 

Santa  Bita 

Enrique  Maspons. 
Anlbal  V.  Escalante. 

719 

Babiney 

770 

do." 

Agustin  Casasaya. 
Joaquin  E.  Beaton. 
Narciso  Feros. 

771 

Ventas 

77? 

7?8 

Riuconada  • 
TToltrnf  n 

Eduardo  Kircb. 

774 

JVDiaAL  DHTBICT,  HOLOUIN. 

Municipal  district,  Holguin. 

joe^BalAn. 

775 

.!.?!§o!::::::::::::::;:::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

Jos6  R.  Torres. 

77fl 

do 

Jos6  Dominices. 

??7 

do 

??8 

do --- 

779 

San  Agustin 
do 

Pedro  Fnentes  €ktrcia. 

730 

Rafael  Pefia  and  Luis  F.  Rubio. 

281 

San  Andres 

R.Zaya8. 

Digitized  by 


Google 


694 


BEPOBT   ON  THK  CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 


EnumeraiUm  districU  and  emimerator$--Con\mTied. 
SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Oontlnaed. 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumerators. 

No. 

Designation. 

rvf 

Municipcd  dittria,  JJb^f»-Contlnned. 
Unas 

283 
234 
235 

Velaseo 

Auras 

do 

T^PnlnriA,, 

Manueb  Hidalgo  Gutierrez. 
Julio  Alban^s. 
Joa&  Arbina. 
Angel  Rodriguez. 

737 

do 

Miguel  Bozon. 

?38 

Ia  Pftlma 

Miguel  Montero. 

?39 

AlcalA 

Juan  de  la  Cruz. 

?40 

Alcal&,  San  Fernando 

Estel>an  UUoa. 

241 

Bijard 

Fernando  Aguilera. 

242 

do                     

Jose  Heredia. 

243 

Tacamara r .  - , 

Gustavo  Ochoa. 

244 

San  Pedro  de  Cacacum  ..      .         

Plutareo  Artigas. 

?45 

Cabazuela 

Rodolfo  Roj&s. 

746 

Ceigo  de  la  Rioja 

Justo  .^uilera. 
Rafael  Rodriguez. 

?47 

Aguas  Claras 

?48 

Corralito 

Antonio  Gutierrez. 

749 

Sao  Arriba 

Eduardo  Lopez. 
Martin  Sancnez. 

250 

Cuabas                                

251 

Yareval 

Joaquin  y  Romen. 

2fy? 

Pumlo 

Ramon  Suarez  Goigas. 

753 

Oamaran  .....  . , . 

L.  M.  Dias. 

7M 

Tarajo 

PMro  Rodriguez. 

7N> 

Alfonsos 

7M 

Sftn  Lorenzo. 

Manuel  Doeiteo  Aguilera. 

757 

Municipal  dittrict,  Oibara. 
Glbara 

Atanasio  Riancho. 

TISR 

do 

Juan  Martinez. 

759 

do 

Jo6^  de  los  Rios. 

?fiO 

do 

Florenclo  V.  Alberti. 

261 

Pueblo  Nuevo,  Tasajera,  Aguadas  y  Hoyos  Llmones,  y 

RioSeco. 
Bocas  Ist,  Sama,  Arriba  y  Blanquical 

Manuel  Betancourt. 
Abelardo  Rodriguez. 

763 

do .'. ^ 

Manuel  Balan. 

764 

Arroyo  Blanco  y  Pozo  Blanco 

Emiliano  Guid^. 

26.'> 

Potrerillo '. 

Victoriano  Alberti. 

266 

Plores 

Francisco  Romen. 

767 

Fray  Benito 

Forcuato  Varona. 

768 

Santa  Lucia 

F.  Anguera. 
JesilsManduley. 

769 

do 

770 

Sama  and  Yaguajay 

Ygnacio  Sanchez. 
Adolfo  Alberti. 

771 

Beguitas 

77? 

Gulra,  Angeles  y  Duruth 

Bartolom4  Lopes. 

273 

774 

Banes.  Torrouteras  Veguitas,  Pasadero,  Tasajiras,  Arro- 
yo, Esterito,  Los  Pasos  y  Mulas. 

Diego  Yebra. 
Constantino  Pupo. 

775 

Yabazon 

Manuel  Sartorio. 

776 

Candelaila 

Feliciano  E.  Hidalgo. 

777 

Cantimplora 

778 

Francisco  de  P.  Robinson. 

279 

Borlal 

Arlstides  Ochoa. 

?«0 

Municipal  district,  Puerto  Padre. 
Puerto  Padre 

Eliezer  Artola  Vialle. 

781 

do 

Enrique  Rosendo. 
Fernando  Garcia. 

78? 

Vedado 

783 

San  Manuel 

Angel  Rodriguez. 

M.  Reyes. 

Juan  Sabari. 

Manuel  Artine  y  Fayardo. 

784 

do 

285 
786 

Tunas 

Manati  y  Orlente 

287 

Cauto  del  Paso 

Luis  Lora  Frimeta. 

788 

Arenas 

Mariano  Lerma. 

289 

Curana 

Jos6  L.  Villoch. 

290 

Playuelas 

Francisco  Domingo. 

291 

Palmarito , 

Federico  Morel. 

292 

Casimd 

Fernando  Perez  Puellea. 

293 

Oriente 

Agusto  Lerma. 
Augusto  Font. 
Manuel  Pereda. 

294 

Olo  del  Agua 

295 

Maniabon 

296 

Tarey,  Vedado  y  OJo  del  Agua 

Olan  Bastita. 

297 

Chaparra 

Gabriel  Gonzales. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX  XIV. 

Enumeration  dutricts  and  enumerators — Continued. 
SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Continued. 


695 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumerators. 

No. 

Designation. 

298 

JUDICIAL  DUTRiCT,  HOLGUiN— Continued. 
Municipal  ditlrict,  MayaH. 
SanOregorio 

Franklin  Argilagos. 
JoB^  Rivafl 

?99 

Biran 

aoo 

Sabanilla !.*. !!!!!.  *!!. 

Jos^  Martinet. 

801 

Cabonico 

Alfredo  Oonza.l<%7 

802 

El  Chucho 

Francisco  Leyte  Vidal. 

8ri8 

Ouayabo 

804 

Bniguetudoa 

Fran.  Mastrapa. 
Eduardo  Duboy. 
Benito  Quintero. 

Francisco  Alonso 

80ft 

Chavaleta 

80<t 

Barajagua ....  ^  a  ^ 

807 

JXTDICIAL  DIBTBICr.  BARACOA. 

Municipal  district,  Baracoa. 
Baiaooa 

808 

do 

Miguel  V.Perellada. 
Jos6  G.  Rubio 

809 

do 

810 

do 

Franco  E  Palomares 

811 

Cuaba  y  Hoyos 

Esteban  Roiaa. 
Pedro  Sanchez 

81? 

Cabaca 

818 

Giliniao 

Antonio  Conde 

814 

Duaba 

Pedro  Godoy. 
LuisA.Urgelles. 
Salvador  Selva 

815 

Toar 

816 

Nibujon 

817 

Cafiete 

Pedro  C.  Perez. 

818 

Mata .  .  . 

B&rtolo  Curzft 

819 

Sitio 

Aurelio  Lores 

8?!0 

Quandao 

Franco.  Conde. 

8?1 

Sabanilla 

Carlos  Crosa. 

8m 

Sabana 

Sixto  Torres. 

8?8 

Quemadofl 

Manuel  Galano. 

8?4 

vertientes 

Rafael  Maaso. 

8?A 

Gran  Tierra 

Jos^  Ro84s. 

8?!R 

Monte  Cristo 

Bartolom^  LegrA. 
Pablo  Fonseoo. 

8?7 

Vequita 

878 

Ymlas 

Eliseo  Matos. 

879 

Jauoo 

E.  Cadiz. 

880 

do 

Joaquin  Romani. 
Arturo  Daiunery. 
Tomas  Lingoya. 
VirglUo  Diaz. 

881 

Maid 

88? 

Jamal  ................ a ........ a ^ .... x .. ^ x .. ^ ..... . 

888 

APPENDIX  XIV. 

CONTRACT  FOR  TABULATING  THE  ENUMERATION  OF  THE  POPULA- 
TION OF  THE  ISLANDS  OF  CUBA  AND  PORTO  RICO. 

Whereas  the  Tabulating  Machine  Company,  through  its  general  manager,  Herman 
Hollerith,  has  submitted  an  offer  to  the  Director  of  the  Census  of  Cuba  and  Porto 
Rico  to  tabulate  the  enumeration  of  the  population  of  the  said  islands,  and  said 
Director  has  concluded  to  accept  said  proposition. 

It  is  hereby  agreed  by  and  between  Colonel  J.  P.  Sanger,  Director  of  the  Census 
of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  party  of  the  first  part,  and  the  Tabulating  Machine  Com- 
pany, a  corporation  of  the  State  of  New  York,  party  of  the  second  part,  as  follows: 

The  party  of  the  second  part,  in  consideration  of  the  payments  to  be  made  to  it  as 
hereinafter  provided,  agrees  to  tabulate  by  the  Hollerith  tabulating  system,  and 
under  the  direction  of  its  general  manager,  the  enumeration  of  the  population  of  the 
islands  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  from  the  schedules  to  be  delivered  to  it  by  the  party 
of  the  first  part  according  to  the  twenty-two  (22)  tables  heretofore  submitted. 

The  party  of  the  first  part  hereby  agrees  to  pay  to  the  party  of  the  second  part  for 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


696  BEPOBT   OV  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

such  tabulation  the  som  of  three  and  one-hall  (3^)  cents  for  each  person,  and  one 
(1)  cent  for  each  building  enumerated,  as  follows: 

Eight-tenths  (0.8)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of  tables 
land  2. 

Three-tenthfl  (0.3)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of  tables 
3  and  4. 

Three-tenths  (0.03)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tahulation  of 
tables  5  and  7. 

Forty-five  hundredths  (0.45)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabula- 
tion of  tables  8,  9,  and  10. 

Seventy-five  hundredths  (0.75)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabu- 
lation of  tables  11,  12,  13,  14,  and  15. 

Nine-tenths  (0.9)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of  tables 
16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  and  21. 

The  pajrments  for  tabulating  tables  1  and  2,  and  for  tabulating  tables  3  and  4,  are 
to  be  made  on  the  completion  of  such  tables  for  each  province  of  Cuba  and  depart- 
ment of  Porto  Rico,  and  for  the  remaining  tables  5  to  22  inclusive,  on  completion  of 
such  tables  for  each  island. 

The  party  of  the  second  part  agrees  to  commence  such  tabulation  without  delay 
upon  receipt  of  the  schedules  from  the  party  of  the  first  part,  and  to  proceed  with 
and  complete  said  tabulation  with  diligence  and  dispatch. 

The  party  of  the  second  part  further  agrees  to  tabulate  the  schedules  relating  to 
agriculture  and  schools  for  said  islands  according  to  such  tables  as  may  be  required 
by  the  party  of  the  first  part,  for  which  tabulations  the  party  of  the  first  part  agrees 
to  pay  to  the  party  of  the  second  part,  in  addition  to  the  payments  above  provided 
for,  the  actual  cost  of  such  tabulation  (which  shall  include  rent,  clerk  hire,  mate- 
rial, and  all  other  expenses)  plus  ten  (10)  per  cent  of  such  cost  for  the  services  of 
the  party  of  the  second  part  for  superintending  and  directing  the  work. 

The  party  of  the  first  part  may  at  any  time  discontinue  the  tabulation  of  the 
schedules  relating  to  agriculture  and  schools  by  giving  written  notice  to  that  effect 
to  the  party  of  the  second  part;  and  in  such  event  all  records  and  results  are  to  be 
delivered  to  the  party  of  the  first  part,  and  the  party  of  the  second  part  shall  be 
paid  for  the  cost  of  the  work  plus  said  ten  (10)  per  cent  for  services,  to  the  date  of 
the  receipt  of  such  notice  by  the  party  of  the  second  part 

In  witness  whereof  the  parties  aforesaid  have  executed  this  agreement  in  quadru- 
plicate, and  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and  affixed  their  seals  this  1st  day  of 
February,  A.  D.  1900. 

Signed  by  contracting  parties  and  witnessed. 


APPENDIX  XV. 
LIST  OF  GOVERNORS  OF  THE  ISLAND  OF  CUBA. 


No. 

Date. 

Name,  etc. 

1 

1612 

Diego  Velatquez,  lieutenant-Govemor. 

Manuel  de  Rojas,  Lieutenant-GoTernor,  provisioiial. 

Juan  de  Altamirano,  Ueutenant-Oeneral. 

Gonzalo  de  Guzman.  Ueutenant-Geneial. 

Manuel  de  Rojas,  Ueutenant-Oovemor,  prorlsional. 

Gonzalo  de  Guzman,  Lieutenant-Governor. 

Hernando  de  Soto,  Qovemor-Geneial. 

Juan  de  Avila,Govemor-General. 

Antonio  Chavez.  Governor-General. 

Gonzalo  Perez  de  Angulo,  Govemo^General. 

Diego  de  Mazariegoa,  Qoyemor-General. 

2 

1624. 

1626 

1626 

1682 

1635 !!!!!!*  *■!*'*! '.' 

1638 

1644 !".i.*!;!!'!"!!!.*!!.*; 

1646 

10 

1660 

U 

1666 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Al^PENBIX    XV. 

List  of  governors  of  the  island  of  Cuba — Oontinaed. 


697 


Date. 


Name,  etc. 


1565. 
1568.. 
1573. 
1577. 
1679. 
1581. 


1594 

1602 

1608 

1616 

1620 

1620 

Aug.  14,1620. 


1624., 
1624., 
1625., 
1630., 
1634., 
1639., 
1647., 
1653. 
1655. 
1658. 
1663. 
1664. 
1670. 
1680. 
1686. 


1687. 
1689. 


1702. 
1706. 


1706 

1708 

1711 

1713 

1716 

1717 

1717 

1724 

1734 

1746 

1745 

1747 

1760 

1761 

July  1, 1762  . 
June,  1765  .. 
July,  1766... 


Mar.  19, 1766. 

1771 

June,  1777  ... 
May,  1781.... 

1782 

1786 


Dec.  28, 1785.. 
Apr.  20, 1789.. 
July  8, 1790.. 
Dec.  6, 1796... 
May  13,1799. 
Apr.  14, 1812.. 
July  2, 1816.. 
Apr.  20, 1819.. 
Mar.  8, 1821  .. 
July  22, 1822. 
May  2, 1823.. 

May  16, 1832. 

June  1,1834.. 


Prom  June  1, 1834,  to  Apr.  16, 1838. 
From  Apr.  16, 1838,  to  Feb.,  1840. . . 
Feb.,1840,  toMaylO,1841 


Francisco  Garcia  Osorio.  Governor-General. 

Pedro  Menendez  de  AviliB,  Governor-General. 

Gabriel  Montalvo,  Governor-General. 

Francisco  Carrefio,  Governor-General. 

Gaspar  de  Torres,  Governor-General,  provisional. 

Gabriel  de  Lulan,  Captain-General. 

Juan  de  Tejaaa,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Maldonado  Balnuevo,  Captain-General. 

Pedro  Valdes  Balnueva,  Captain-General. 

Gaspar  Ruiz  de  Pereda,  Captain-General. 

Sancho  de  Alguizaz,  Captain-General. 

Geronimo  de  Quero,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Dlejo  Vallejo,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  de  venegas,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Esquivll,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Juan  Riva  Martin,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Garcia  Giron  de  Loaysa,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Cristobal  de  Aranda,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Lorenzo  de  Cabrera,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Bitrian  de  Viamontes,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  Riano  de  Gamboa,  Captain-General. 

Alvaro  de  Luna,  Captain-General. 

Diego  de  Villalba,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  Xeldes,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Montafio,  Captain-General. 

Juan  de  Salamanca,  Captain-General. 

Rodrigo  de  Flores,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  D&irla,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  de  Ledesma,  Captain-General. 

Jo66  Fernandez  de  Cordoba,  Captain-General. 

Andr6s  Munibe,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Manuel  Murguia,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Diego  de  Viana,  Captain-<}eneraL 

Severino  de  Manraneda,  Captain-General. 

Diego  de  Cordoba,  Captain-General. 

Pedro  Benites  de  Lugo.  Captain-General. 

NicolAs  Chirino,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Luis  Chac6n,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Pedro  Alvares  Villarin,  Captain-General. 

Laureano  die  Torres,  Captain-General. 

Luis  Chac6n,  Captain-General. 

Laureano  de  Torres,  Captain-General. 

Vicente  Raia,  Captain-General. 

Gomez  de  Alvarez,  Captain -General. 

Gregorio  Guazo,  Captain-General. 

Dionisio  Martinez,  Captain-General. 

Juan  F.  Guemes,  Captain-General. 

Juan  A.  Tineo,  Captain-General. 

Diego  Pifialosa,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  Cagigal,  Captain-General. 

Pedro  AJonso,  Captain-General. 

Juan  de  Prado  Portocarrero,  Captain-General. 

Ambroaio  Villalpando,  Count  of  Ricla,  Captain-General. 

Diego  Manrique,  Captain-General. 

Pascual  Jimenez  de  Cisneroe,  Captain-General,  provi- 
sional. 

Antonio  M.  Bucarely,  Captain-General. 

Marqu6s  de  la  Torre,  Captain-General. 

Diego  J.  Navarro,  Captain-General. 

Juan  M.  Cagigal,  Captain-General. 

Luis  de  Unzaga,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Bernardo  TroncQso,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Jos6  Espeleta,  Captaln-<3eneral,  provisional. 

Domingo  Cabello,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Jcm6  Espeleta,  Captain-General. 

Domingo  Cabello,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Luis  de  las  Casas,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Bassecourt,  Captain-General. 

Salvador  de  Muro,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Ruiz  de  Apodaca,  Captain-General. 

Jo86  Cienfuegos.  Captain-GeneraL 

Juan  M.  Cagligjal,  Captain-General. 

Nicol&s  de  Many,  Captain-General. 

Sebastian  Klndelan,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Dionisio  Viv6s.  Given  absolute  authority  by  royal  de- 
cree of  1825. 

Mariano  Rocafort  Given  absolute  authority  by  royal 
decree  of  1826. 

Miguel  Tacon.  Given  absolute  authority  by  royal  decree 
of  1825. 

Lieut  Gen.  Miguel  Tac6n  y  Rosique,  Captain-General. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Joquin  Ezpeleta  y  Enrille. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Pedro  Tellez  de  Gironm,  Prince  of  Anglona. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


698  REPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OP   CUBA,  1899. 

List  of  governors  of  the  island  of  Cuba — Ck>ntinaed. 


No. 


91 
92 

93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
98 

99 
100 
101 
102 

103 
KM 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 

118 
114 
116 

116 
117 
118 
119 

120 
121 
122 
123 
124 
125 
126 
127 
128 
129 
130 
131 
132 
133 
134 
136 
136 


Date. 


From  May  10, 1841,  to  Sept,  15, 1843. 
Sept.  15  to  Oct.  26, 1843 


Oct.  26, 1843,  to  Mar.  20, 184« 

From  Mar.  20, 1848.  to  Nov.  18, 1850. 
From  Nov.  13. 1H.'A  to  Apr.  22. 1852 . 
From  Apr.  22, 1852.  to  Dec.  3, 1853. . . 
From  Dec. 3, 1853.  to  Sept.  21, 1854.. 
From  Sept.  14. 1854,  to  Nov.  24, 1859. 


From  Nov.  14, 1859.  to  Dec.  10, 1862  . 
From  Dec.  10, 1862,  to  May  30, 1866  . 
From  May  80, 1866,  to  Nov.  3, 1866. . 
From  Nov.  3, 1866,  to  Sept.  24, 1867,  on 

which  date  he  died. 
From  Sept.  24, 1867.  to  Dec.  12. 1867. . . 

From  Dec.  13, 1867,  to  Jan.  4, 1869 

From  Jan.  4, 1869,  to  June  2, 1869 

From  June  2, 1869,  to  June  28, 1869. . . 
From  June  28, 1869,  to  Dec.  15, 1870. . . 
From  Dec.15,1870,  toJulyll,1872..- 
From  July  11, 1872,  to  Apr.  18, 1873  . . . 

From  Apr.  18  to  Nov.  4, 1873 

From  Nov.  4, 1873,  to  Apr.  7, 1874 

From  Apr.  7, 1874,  to  May  8, 1875 


Name,  etc. 


From  May  8  to  June  8, 1875 , 

From  June  8,  1875,  to  Jan.  18, 1876  . 
From  Jan.  18, 1876,  to  June  18, 1878. 

From  Oct.  8. 1876,  to  Feb.  6, 1879. . . 
From  Feb.  6,  1879,  to  Apr.  17, 1879. . 
From  Apr.  17,  1879,  to  Nov.  28, 1881. 
From  Nov.  28, 1881,  to  Aug.  6, 1883. . , 


From  Aug.  5, 1883,  to  Sept.  28, 1883  . . . . 
From  Sept.  28, 1883,  to  Nov.  8, 1884  ... , 

From  Nov.  8, 188t,  to  Mar.  25. 1886 

From  Mar.  25, 1886,  to  July  15, 1887 ... . 
From  July  15, 1887,  to  Mar.  13, 1889  . . . . 
From  Mar.  13, 1889;  died  Feb.  6, 1890 . . 

From  Feb.  6, 1890,  to  Apr.  4, 1900 

From  Apr.  4, 1890,  to  Aug.  20. 1890  . . . . 
From  Aug.  20,  1890,  to  June  20, 1892 . . . 
From  June  20, 1892;  died  July  16, 1893. 

From  July  16, 1893,  to  Sept.  6, 1893 

From  Sept.  6, 1893,  to  Apr.  16, 1895 

From  Apr.  16,  1895,  to  Jan.  20, 1896. . . . 
From  Jan.  20. 1896.  to  Feb.  11, 1896  . . . . 

From  Feb.  11, 1896,  to  Oct.  81, 1897 

From  Oct.  81. 1897,  to  Nov.  80, 1898  . . . . 
From  Nov.  30, 1898,  to  Jan.  1,1899,  at 
12  noon. 


Lieut.  Gen.  Ger6nimo  Valdes  y  Sierra. 

Lieut.  Gen.  of  the  Royal  Navy,  Fiancisoo  Javier  de  Ulloa, 

proviidonal. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Leopoldo  O'Donnell  y  Joris.  Count  of  LaoenA. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Federico  Roncali,  Count  of  Alcoy. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Jo86  Gutierrex  de  la  Concha. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Valentin  Cafiedo  Miranda. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Juan  de  la  Pezuela,  Marquis  de  la  Pesael*. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Jos^  Gutierrez  de  la  Concha,  Marqoia  of  Ha- 

bana,  second  time. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Francisco  Serrano,  Duke  de  la  Torre. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Domingo  Dulce  y  Garay. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Francisco  Lersundi. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Joaquin  del  Manzano  y  Mansano. 

Lieut.  Gen.  B14s  Villate,  Count  of  Valmaseda. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Franciaco  LersundL 

Lieut  Gen.  Domingo  Dulce  v  Garay,  second  time. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Felipe  Ginov^  del  Espinar.  proviaionaL 

Lieut.  Gen.  Antonio  Fem&ndez  y  Caballero  de  Rodas. 

Lieut.  Gen.  BlAs  Villate,  Count  of  Valmaseda. 

Lieut  Gen.  Francisco  Ceballos  y  Vargaa. 
I  Lieut.  Gen.  C&ndido  Pieltain  y  Jove-Huelgo. 
I  Lieut.  Gen.  Joaquin  Joveliar  y  Soler,  first  time. 
'  Lieut.  Gen.  Joe6  Gutierrez  de  la  Concha,  Marquis  of  Ha- 
bana. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Buenaventura  Carb6,  provisional. 

Lieut.  Gen.  BUs  Villate,  Count  of  Valmaseda,  third  time. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Joaquin  Joveliar  y  Soler.    He  was  under  Mar- 
tinez Campofi,  who  was  the  general  in  chief. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Arsenio  Martinez  Campos. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Cayetano  Figueroa  y  Garaondo,  provisional. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Ram6n  Blanco  y  Erenas. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Luis  Prendergast  y  Gordon,  Marquis  of  Victo- 
ria de  las  Tunas. 

General  of  Division  TomAsde  Reyna  y  Reyna,  provisional. 

Lieut  Gen.  Ignacio  Maria  del  Castillo. 

Lieut  Gen.  Ram6n  Fajardo  4  Izquierdo. 

Lieut  Gen.  Emillo  Calleja  ^  Isad. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Sab&s  Marin  y  Gonzalez. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Manuel  Salamanca  y  Begrete. 

General  of  Division  Joe^  Sanchez  GOmez,  provisional. 

Lieut  Gen.  Jo86  Chinchilla  y  Diez  de  Ofiate. 

Lieut  Gen.  Camilo  Polavieja  y  del  Castillo. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Aleiandro  Rodriguez  Arias. 

General  of  Division  Jos^  Arderius  y  Garcia,  proyialonaL 

Lieut  Gen.  Emilio  Calleja  4  Isasi. 

Capt.  Gen.  Arsenio  Martinez  Campos. 

Lieut  Gen.  Sabte  Marin  y  Gonzalez. 

Lieut  Gen.  Valeriano  Weyler  y  Nicolau. 

Capt  Gen.  Ram6n  Blanco  y  Erenas. 

Lieut  Gen.  Adolfo  Jimines  Castellanos. 


APPENDIX  XVI. 


ORGANIZATION  OF  MUNICIPAI,  DI8TBICTB. 


Year  of 
forma- 
tion. 

Year  of 
forma- 
tion. 

Habana: 

Aguacate 

1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1711 
1879 
1894 
1879 
1879 
1655 
1882 
1816 

Habana— Continued. 

Guira  de  Melena 

1879 

ATqulzar 

Habana 

Bainoa  

Isla  de  Finos 

Batabano 

Jaruco 

1783 

Bauta 

Madruga                          r.  r  .,  ,-- 

1866 

Bejucal 

Manangua 

1879 

Cano 

Marianao                              ......... 

1879 

Casiguas 

Melina  del  Sur 

187S 

Catalina 

1866 

Ceiba  del  Agua  . . 

pipian 

Guanabacoa 

Qnivican , 

Guara 

Regla. ...!!!!!! 

1879 

Guinea '/; 

1        BaKid 

1879 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   XVI. 


699 


ORQANIZATION  OP  MUNICIPAL  DISTRICTS-Contlnued. 


Habana— Con  ti  nued. 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas , 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos , 

San  Felipe 

San  Jos^  de  las  Lajas 

San  Nicolas 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  (made  from 

Jibacoa  and  San  Antonio  del 

Rio  Blanco) 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

Tapaste 

Vereda  Nueva 

Matanzas: 

Alacranes  (formerly  Alfonzo  XII). 

Bolondron 

Cabezas , 

Canasi 

Cardenas , 

Carlos    Rojas    (formerly    Cimar- 

rones) 

Colon 

Cuevitas , 

Guamacaro 

Jaguey  Grande  (formerly  part  of 

Colon) 

Jovel  lanos 

Maeagua 

Macuriees 

Marti  (formerly  Guamutaa) 

Matanzas 

Maximo  Gomez  (formerly  Guana- 

jayabo) 

Mendez  Capote  (formerly  Lagimil- 

las) 

Palmlllas  (formerly  Manguito) 

Perico  (formerly  Cervantes) 

Roque 

Sabanllla 

San  Joed  de  los  Ramos 

Santa  Ana  (formerly  Cidra) 

Union  de  Reyes 

Pinar  del  Rio: 

Artemisa 

Bahia  Honda 

Cabaf^as 

Candelaria 

Consolacidn  del  Norte 

Consolaci6n  del  Sur 

Guanajay 

Guane  

Guayabal 

Julian  Diaz  (formerly  Paso  Real 

de  San  Diego) 

Los  Palacioe 

Mantua 

Mariel 

Plnardel  Rio 

San  Cristobal 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafioe 

San  Diego  de  Nufiez 

San  Juan  y  Martinez 

San  Luis 

Viflales 


Year  of 
forma- 
tion. 


1879 
1796 
1880 
1879 


1732 
1745 
1879 
1881 

1862 
1879 
1878 
1879 
1860 

1879 
ia58 
1879 
1879 

1898 
1866 
1879 
1879 
1879 


1879  i 

1879  I 
1880 
1879  , 
1879  I 
1879 
1879  ' 
1879  I 
1879  I 

1879 
1«60 
1879 
1879 


1879 
1879 
1879 

1897 
1879 
1866 
1866 

1858 
1863 
1879 


Puerto  Principe: 

Clegode  AviUt 

Moron 

Nuevitas 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

Santa  Clara: 

Abreus 

Caibarien 

Calabazar 

Camijuani 

Cartagena 

Ceja  ae  Pablo 

Cienfuegos : 

Cifuentes  (formerly  Amaro) 

Cruces 

Esperanza 

Palmira 

Placetas  

Quemado  de  Guines 

Rancho  Veloz 

Ranchuelo 

Rodas 

Sagua  la  Grande 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 

Sancti  Spiritus 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

San  Fernando  (formerly  Camaro- 
nes) 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas 

Santo  Domingo 

Santiago: 

A 1  to  Songo 

Baracoa 

Bayamo 

Campechnela  (formerly  part  of 
Manzanillo) 

Caney 

Cobre 

Christo  (formerly  part  of  Manza- 
nillo)   

Gibara 

Guantanamo 

Holguin 

Jiquani 

Manzanillo 

Mayari 

Niquero  (formerly  part  of  Manza- 
nillo)   

Palma  Soriano  (formerly  part  of 
Santiago) 

Puerto  Padre  (formerly  Victoria 
de  las  Tunas) 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

San  Luis  (formerly  part  of  Santi- 

„a«o) 

Santiago 


Year  of 
forma- 
tion. 


1870 
1860 
1514 
1871 

1879 
1879 
1879 
1878 
1878 
1879 
1829 


1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1878 
1879 
1842 
1878 
1514 
1879 

1879 
1879 
1514 
1690 
1879 
1879 

1879 
1512 
1514 

1898 


1558 

1898 
1823 
1860 
1761 


1878 


1899 


1898 
1879 


1896 
1514 


Memorandum  on  Territorial  Changes  since  1861. 

A  glance  at  two  maps  of  Cuba,  one  published  about  the  middle  of  this  century  and 
one  of  later  date  than  1878,  shows  at  once  two  different  sets  of  political  subdivisions 
in  the  island.  For  a  comparison  of  the  census  of  1861  with  that  of  1887  it  is  neces- 
sary, first  of  all,  to  determine  as  exactly  as  possible  what  relation  the  limits  of  the 
provinces,  the  largest  political  divisions  of  the  island  in  1887,  bear  to  the  much 
smaller  dittritos  gubemativos  existing  in  1861.  This  is  in  order  one  may  be  sure  that 
the  statistics  which  are  to  be  compared  deal  in  every  case  with  identical  areas. 

At  the  time  of  the  census  of  1861  Cuba  was  divided  into  two  departments— the 


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i 


700  REPOBT  OW  THE  CENSUS  OP  CUBA,  1899. 

deparkanerUo  occidental  and  the  departamento  onenUd,  ^  The  iannet—ihe  westem  departr 
ment — was  by  far  the  lar^r,  comprismg  folly  two-thiids  of  the  island  and  containing 
twenty-four  dutrUos  gubemativoB.  The  eastern  department  cxmtained  bot  eight 
didrUos  gubemalivos.  The  division  into  departments  seems  to  have  been  a  military 
one,  and  of  little  administrative  importance. 

By  a  royal  decree  in  1878  Cuba  was  divided  into  six  provinces.  These  in  tnm 
were  subdivided  into  judicial  districts  {parUdosjudiciale*),  each  of  which  was  com- 
posed of  one  or  more  parishes  (ayuntamimtas) ,  A  Spanish  authority'  gives  the 
following  reasons  for  this  change: 

"The  royal  decree  of  June  9,  1878,  promulgated  by  the  minister  for  the  provinces 
beyond  the  sea  {uUramar) ,  changed  the  political  and  administrative  organization  of 
the  island  of  Cuba,  making  a  division  of  her  territory  in  harmony  with  her  neces- 
sities and  the  growth  of  her  material  interests.  The  political  disturbances  in  the 
island  had  produced  the  serious  civil  war,  provoked  by  the  enemies  of  Spanish 
domination  in  the  Antilles.  The  war  made  necessary  an  oiganization  essentially 
military,  adjusted  to  the  conditions  required  for  stijitegy.  This  has  now  been  con- 
tinued for  some  years  after  the  pacification  of  the  country,  until  the  minds  of  the 
people  have  been  calmed,  and  the  benefits  of  peace,  fostering  all  classes  of  Intimate 
interests,  have  allowed  the  military  activity  to  lessen  and  to  yield  to  the  dvil  power 
the  initiative  and  influence  belonging  to  it 

"By  virtue  of  said  royal  decree  the  territory  of  the  island  of  Cuba  was  divided 
into  the  following  six  provinces:  Pinar  del  Rio,  Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara, 
Puerto  Rico,  and  Santiago  de  Cuba,  having  at  the  head  of  each  a  civil  governor,  who 
is  directly  under  the  Govemor-Greneral  of  the  island.'' 

It  was  not  possible  to  find  in  the  documents  examined  any  specific  statement  in 
regard  to  the  areas  of  the  provinces  established  by  the  above  decree  of  1878.  It  there- 
fore became  desirable  to  ascertain  what  light  the  maps  of  Cuba  could  throw  on  the 
subject  Fortunately,  there  is  in  the  Congressional  Library  a  laige  collection  of 
maps  of  the  island,  from  among  which  were  selected,  as  being  the  clearest  and 
most  authoritative,  the  large  map  of  Cuba  published  in  1861  by  J.  H.  Colton,  New 
York,  the  small  hand  map  published  by  the  same  firm  in  1860,  the  large  map  of 
Cuba  made  by  D.  Gordon  Gonzalez  and  published  by  La  Propaganda  Literaria  in 
Habana,  in  1861,  and  the  large  map  published  by  the  United  States  War  Department 
in  1898.  The  Colton  maps  show  better  than  any  of  the  other  maps  in  the  Library 
the  division  into  dislriim  gubemativos  as  they  existed  at  the  time  of  the  census  of 
1861.  The  Gonzalez  map  of  1881  also  gives  them,  but  not  clearly.  No  good  map 
of  date  corresponding  to  the  census  of  1887  was  to  be  found,  and  therefore  a  carefcd 
comparison  of  the  Gonzalez  map  of  1881  was  made  with  the  United  States  War 
Department  map  of  1898.  There  are  maps  in  the  Library  collection  bearing  dates 
between  1887  and  1898,  but  they  are  small  and  do  not  appear  to  be  trustworthy. 
The  United  States  War  Department  map  of  1898  is  not  only  the  most  recent,  but  it 
is  far  the  best  and  most  complete  of  all  the  maps  of  Cuba  in  the  Library  collec- 
tion. One  minor  difference  in  the  boundary  lines  of  the  provinces  between  the  War 
Department  map  of  1898  and  the  Gronzalez  map  of  1881  will  be  explained  in  detail 
later  in  this  report.  Substantially,  however,  the  boundaries  of  the  provinces  have 
remained  unchanged  since  1878. 

A  comparison  of  the  various  maps  cited  above  shows  that  as  a  general  rule  the 
division  lines  between  the  provinces  of  1887  and  later  coincide  with  the  bounda- 
ries of  the  distritos  of  1861.  Thus  Pinar  de  Rio  province  comprises  the  four 
digtrUoa — Pinar  del  Rio,  Bahia  Honda,  Guanajay  or  Mariel,  and  San  Cristobal,  its  east- 
em  boundary  following  the  eastern  boundaries  of  Guanajay  and  San  CristobaL 

^  Spanish  census  of  1860. 

*  Besena  Oeografica  y  EstaduUca  de  Espana,  Madrid,  1888,  pp.  1062, 1063. 


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APPENDIX   XVI.  701 

There  are,  however,  three  exceptions  to  this  general  role  that  province  boundaries 
followed  those  of  the  earlier  distriios. 

The  first  of  the  exceptions  relates  to  the  municipal  district  of  Guines.  When  the 
provinces  were  formed  Guines  was  divided,  the  western  part  going  to  Habana 
province,  the  eastern  to  Matanzas.  The  territory  transferred  to  Matanzas  province 
comprised  the  ayuntamierUos  of  Alfonso  XII,  Bolondron,  and  Union  de  Reyes,  as 
given  in  the  census  of  1887.  The  dividing  line  as  given  in  the  Gonzalez  map  of 
1881  varies  somewhat  from  that  in  the  United  States  War  Department  map  of  1898. 
As  most  of  the  territory,  the  status  of  which  is  uncertain,  is  part  of  a  great  marsh 
(Cienaga  de  Zapata)  the  difference  between  the  two  maps  does  not  materially  affect 
the  statistics  of  population.  The  population  of  the  eastern  portion  of  the  old  dis- 
trict of  Guines — the  part  joined  to  Matanzas  province — was  mostly,  in  1861,  settled 
in  the  northern  part,  near  a  line  of  railroad  running  east  and  west  and  connecting 
the  cities  of  Guines  and  Matanzas. 

The  second  exception  relates  to  the  district  of  Sancti  Spiritus.  When  the  prov- 
inces were  organized  this  district  was  divided,  the  division  line  following  the  courses 
of  the  Jatibonico  del  Norte  and  the  Jatibonico  del  Sur  rivers.  The  western  part  was 
assigned  to  the  province  of  Santa  Clara;  and  the  eastern  part,  comprising  the  ayunr 
tamientoa  of  Moron  and  Ci^o  de  Avila,  was  included  in  the  province  of  Puerto 
Principe.    In  1861  the  teritory  affected  was  well  populated. 

The  third  exception,  one  of  slight  importance,  is  a  change  of  division  line  which 
occurs  in  but  one  map.  In  the  War  Department  map  of  1898  the  southeastern 
boundary  of  Puerto  Principe,  separating  it  from  Santiago  de  Cuba,  varies  slightly 
from  that  of  all  the  other  maps  examined.  It  follows  the  Jobaba  River  to  within  a 
few  miles  of  its  mouth,  then  runs  due  west  to  the  Sevilla  River  and  down  that  to 
the  coast.  The  other  maps  make  the  boundary  line  follow  the  Jobaba  River  down 
to  the  coast  This  also  was  the  boundary  line  of  the  district  of  Puerto  Principe  in 
1861.^  There  are  no  towns  in  the  narrow  strip  of  coast  in  question,  and  the  variation 
can  have  no  important  bearing  on  the  population  statistics.  In  a  comparison  of  the 
population  statistics  of  1861  with  those  of  1887  care  should  be  taken  to  deduct  the 
figures  of  the  ayuntamientos  of  Alfonzo  XII,  Bolondron,  and  Union  de  Reyes  &om 
the  total  population  of  the  nine  districts,  including  Guines,  which  are  now  com- 
prised in  the  province  of  Habana.  The  population  of  the  ayuntamientos  of  Moron 
and  Ciego  de  Avila  should  likewise  be  deducted  from  the  total  of  the  six  districts, 
including  Sancti  Spiritus,  which  are  now  comprised  in  the  province  of  Santa  Clara. ' 

In  the  light  of  the  foregoing  explanations  and  references,  it  becomes  possible  to 
estimate  the  population  in  1861  of  the  areas  included  in  each  province  under  the 
royal  decree  of  June  9, 1878.  The  population  of  Pinar  del  Rio  and  Santiago  de  Cuba 
in  1861  can  be  foimd  by  adding  together  the  populations  of  four  distrUos  gubemalivos 
in  the  former  case  and  eight  in  the  latter.  But  for  the  other  four  provinces  an 
adjustment  is  necessary.  The  population  in  1887  of  that  part  of  Guines  included  in 
Matanzas  province  was  29,622.  This,  added  to  the  population  of  Habana  province 
in  1887  (451,928) ,  gives  481,590  as  the  population  at  that  time  of  Habana  province  plus 
the  part  of  Guines  in  Matanzas.  The  population  of  that  part  of  Guines  was  6.1592 
per  cent  of  the  total  population,  481,590.  Assuming  that  its  population  was  in  1861 
the  same  percentage  of  the  total,  the  population  of  this  part  of  Guines  in  1861  may 
be  estimated  at  25,846.  Subtracting  this  amount  from  the  total  population  in  1861  of 
Habana  province  plus  the  part  of  Guines  in  Matanzas,  we  have  393,789  as  the  esti- 
mated population  of  Habana  province  in  1861. 

The  boundary  line  established  in  1878  between  Santa  Clara  and  Puerto  Principe 
provinces  cuts  across  the  district  of  Sancti  Spiritus,  and  a  similar  method  of  estimating 

^This  difference  is  probably  due  to  an  error  in  the  War  Department  map.  So  we 
are  informed  by  the  Cuban  supervisors. 


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702  BEPOBT   ON  THE   0EN8U8   OF  OTJBA,  1899. 

the  population  of  the  part  included  in  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe  has  been  fol- 
lowed. This  part  had  in  1887  a  population  of  16,848.  The  population  of  Santa  Clara  in 
that  year  was  354, 122.  The  entire  area  coming  nearest  to  Santa  Clara  in  1861  thus  had 
a  population  in  1887  of  370,970.  The  part  lying  without  the  province  of  Santa  Clara 
had  a  population  in  1887  4.5416  per  cent  of  the  total.  Assuming  that  its  proportion 
of  the  total  population  in  1861  (viz,  284,218)  was  the  same  as  in  1887,  the  popula- 
tion of  that  region  in  1861  was  12,908.  Subtracting  this  from  284,218,  we  have 
271,310  as  the  estimated  population  of  Santa  Clara  in  1861.  Adding  it  to  the  popu- 
lation of  the  district  of  Puerto  Principe,  we  have  85,702  as  the  estimated  population 
of  Puerto  Principe  in  1861. 
On  these  assumptions  the  following  table  has  been  constructed: 

Estimated  population  of  the  Cuban  provinces  in  1861^  based  on  the  results  of  the  censuses 

of  1861  and  1887. 


Province. 


Estimated 

population 

in  1861. 


Habana  

Matanzas 

PinardelRio 

Puerto  Principe . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba. 

Cuba 


393, 7W 
234,524 
146,685 
85,702 
271,810 
264,530 


1,396.530 


APPENDIX  XVn. 

PREVIOUS  CENSUSES  OF  CUBA. 

The  official  Spanish  publications  giving  the  results  of  past  censuses  of  Cuba  are 
difficult  to  find  either  in  libraries  or  in  the  book  market.  An  order  for  them  sent 
to  Madrid  was  fruitless.  A  circular  letter  sent  to  the  leading  libraries  in  the  United 
States  was  almost  equally  without  result.  The  primary  sources  which  were  found 
available  are  as  follows: 

1.  A  copy  of  the  census  of  1841  in  the  Boston  Athenaeum  Library/  which  was 
kindly  lent  to  the  Congressional  Library  for  the  purposes  of  this  study. 

2.  A  copy  of  the  Spanish  census  of  1861  in  the  Congressional  Library  at  Wash- 
ington. 

3.  A  MS.  copy  of  the  Spanish  census  of  1877,  obtained  from  London  through  the 
courtesy  of  the  Royal  Statistical  Society,  in  whose  library  the  volume  is  contained. 

4.  A  copy  of  the  Spanish  census  of  1887,  kindly  lent  by  the  Cornell  University 
Library. 

As  these  are  all  the  primary  sources  which  have  been  available,  recourse  was  neces- 
sarily had  to  secondary  authorities.  A  list  of  past  censuses  of  Cuba  and  summary  of 
results  is  contained  in  a  footnote  to  the  German  periodical.  Die  Bevblkerung  der  Erde, 
Volume  VII,  page  80.  This  table  was  sent  in  manuscript  to  the  editors  of  that  jour- 
nal by  the  statistical  section  of  the  department  of  agriculture  of  Habana.  It  agrees 
in  substance  with  the  table  found  on  page  92  of  Mr.  Robert  P.  Porter's  Industrial 
Cuba,  but  gives  more  detail,  classifying  population  both  by  sex  and  race.  Even 
these  lists,  however,  lengthy  as  they  are,  do  not  include  all  the  censuses  mentioned 
in  the  secondary  authorities.     The  following  table  has  been  compiled  from  various 

*  Resumen  del  Censo  de  Poblacion  de  la  Ma  de  Cuba  a  Jin  del  aflo  de  1841,  Habana, 
1842,  pp.  70. 


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APPKNDIX   XVn. 


703 


books,  and  gives  in  chronological  order  the  alleged  census  population  of  Cuba  and 
the  authority  therefor: 


Date  of  alleged 
census. 


1768 

1774 

1774 

1775 

1775 

1775 

1787 

1791 

1792 

1792 

1792 

1792 

1792 

1792 

1804 

1810 

1811  

1817 

1817 

1817 

1817 

1817 

1819 

1825 


Total 
population 
reported. 


204,155 
171,620 
172,620 
170,370 
170,862 
171,626 
176, 167 
272,141 
273,939 
272,301 
272,140 
272,141 
272.230 
254,820 
432,000 
600,000 
600,000 
635,604 
572,363 
630,980 
553,033 
671,079 
553.033 
715, OCO 


Authority  for  state- 
ment. 


Behm  and  Wagner. 

Do. 
Pezuela. 
Humboldt. 

Do. 

Do. 
Behm  and 
Humboldt. 
Behm  and 
Delitsch. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Behm  and 

Do. 
Humboldt. 
Behm  and 
Humboldt. 

Do. 
Delitsch. 
Poinsett. 
Behm  and  Wagner. 

Do. 


Wagner. 
Wagner. 


Wagner. 
I  Wagner. 


Date  of  alleged 
census. 


1827 

1830 
1841 
1846 
1846 
1W9 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1855 
1857 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1867 
1867 
1869 
1874 
1877 
1879 
1887 
1899 


Total 
population 
reported. 


704,487 

755.695 
1.007.624 
r54 
lb2 
140 
r42 
161 
)42 
185 
)95 
VA 
129 
>30 
170 
175 

in 

,,«...  .^11 
1,446,372 
1,521.684 
1,424,649 
l,631,(i87 
1.572,797 


Authority  for  state- 
ment. 


Behm  and  Wagner, 

Thrasher. 
Behm  and  Wagner. 
Official  census. 
Behm  and  Wagner. 
Arboleya,  Thrasher. 
Behm  and  Wagner. 

Do. 
Delitsch. 
Behm  and  Wagner. 

Oo. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Official  census. 
Behm  and  Wagner. 

Do. 
Delitsch. 
Behm  and  Wagner. 

Do. 
Official  census. 
Behm  and  Wagner. 
Official  census. 

Do. 


To  one  familiar  with  the  labor  and  cost  of  taking  a  genuine  census  the  very  length 
of  the  preceding  list  is  enough  to  arouse  distrust.  That  33  censuses  should  have  been 
taken  in  the  island  of  Cuba  in  a  period  of  less  than  a  century  and  a  quarter  is  so 
unlikely  as  to  raise  a  strong  presumption  against  the  claim  of  these  figures  to  set 
forth  the  results  of  independent  enumerations.  The  weight  of  the  presumption 
increases  when  one  notices  that  between  1841  and  1860  ten  different  returns  are 
reported — that  is,  one  about  every  two  years. 

To  aid  in  determining  the  value  of  these  figures  a  detailed  analysis  is  submitted. 
They  fall  into  two  classes,  those  from  official  sources  and  those  from  secondary 
authorities.  We  pass  over  the  first  class  and  offer  the  following  notes,  gathered 
from  various  publications,  upon  the  second  class: 

Census  of  1768. — Humboldt  says:  **The  earliest  official  enumerations  of  which  I 
could  learn  during  my  stay  at  Habana  were  those  made  by  order  of  the  Marquis  de 
la  Torre  in  1774  and  1775  and  Don  Luis  de  las  Casas  in  1791."  Several  other 
authorities  consulted — viz,  Pezuela,  D*Harponville,  and  Delitsch — speak  of  the 
census  of  1774  as  the  first  census  of  the  island.  Furthermore,  the  history  of  Cuba 
between  the  years  1768  and  1774  offers  no  explanation  for  the  loss  of  over  30,000 
people  in  the  course  of  six  years.  Hence  it  seems  probable  that  no  census  of  Cuba 
was  taken  in  1768. 

Cejims  of  1774  or  1776. — Although  in  the  passage  just  quoted  Humboldt  speaks  of 
these  as  two  separate  enumerations,  yet  he  explains  the  word  "enumeration*'  by 
the  Spanish  phrase  padrones  y  censoSf  and  subsequently  uses  the  word  padron  alone. 
As  this  word  means  some  form  of  tax  list  or  other  registration  rather  than  a  census 
proper,*  it  seems  likely  that  the  two  different  results  were  obtained  by  combina- 

^  A  padron  in  the  broadest  sense  is  simply  a  roll  or  list.  Its  definition  in  the  dic- 
tionary of  the  Spanish  Royal  Academy  is  "a  catalogue  or  roll  made  to  show  by  name 
the  citizens  or  residents."  The  special  meaning  of  the  word  padron  is  a  register 
kept  by  each  municipal  district  and  containing  the  names,  addresses,  ages,  and  other 
details  regarding  the  residents.    This  list  was  usually  under  the  charge  of  the  police 


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704  REPOBT  ON  THE   CENSUS   OP  CUBA,  1899. 

tion  of  a  single  count  with  lustration  retnms,  if  indeed  any  independent  coi|nt 
was  taken.  The  very  slight  differences  between  the  figures  returned  for  1774  and  the 
three  reports  for  1775  support  this  hyx)othe6is.  The  figures,  171,626,  given  by  Hum- 
boldt in  one  place,  and  those  given  by  Pezuela  (172,620)  in  his  article  on  population,* 
are  clearly  but  variant  forms  of  the  171,620  given  by  two  other  authorities  as  the 
result  of  the  census  of  1774.  Humboldt  also  says  regarding  this  census:  '*  I  can  not 
answer  for  the  correctness  of  the  table  quoted  from  the  census  of  1775,  for  1  have 
not  seen  the  official  documents.*'  Without  attempting  to  reproduce  all  the  minor 
discrepancies  between  the  several  authorities,  the  following  further  analysis  of  the 
figures  for  1774  may  be  given:  Whites,  96,440;  colored,  75,180.  The  whites  are  classi- 
fied as  55,576  males  and  40,864  females.  The  colored  are  classified  into  30,847  free 
and  44,333  slaves.  The  free  are  classified  into  11,640  negroes  and  19,207  mulattoes. 
At  this  time  also,  according  to  Pezuela,  there  were  29,588  occupied  dwellings,  not 
counting  90  churches,  52  parochial  houses,  20  monasteries,  3  nunneries,  2  colleges, 
and  19  hospitals. 

Census  of  1787, — No  important  reference  has  been  found  to  this  census  except  in 
the  authority  cited  in  the  table.  The  other  authorities  generally  refer  to  the  count 
of  1791-92  as  the  second  census  of  Cuba.  The  figures  themselves,  too,  arouse  distrust 
by  stating  that  the  population  of  Cuba  increased  only  about  5,000  in  the  twelve  years 
from  1775  to  1787,  and  then  increased  96,000  in  the  next  five  years.  Hence  the  figures 
of  1787  must  be  set  down  as  an  estimate. 

Census  of  1791  or  1792, — The  date  of  this  census  is  given  as  1791  by  Humboldt,  but 
as  1792  by  nearly  all  other  authorities.  Delitsch  in  his  excellent  article  on  Cuba* 
states  that  the  official  enumerations  are  inaccurate  and  the  results  given  by  the  vari- 
ous authorities  differ.  As  an  example  he  cites  the  case  of  the  census  of  1792,  for 
which  he  gives,  from  different  authorities  not  mentioned,  the  five  figures  reprinted  in 
the  preceding  table,  one  of  which  agrees  exactly  with  Humboldt's  figures  for  1791. 
The  latter  authority  says  of  the  second  census  of  Cuba:  *'In  1804  I  discussed  the 
census  of  1791  with  persons  who  had  great  local  knowledge.  We  sought  to  estimate 
the  amount  of  the  omissions  by  making  comparisons  of  the  several  parts,  and  it 
appeared  to  us  as  a  result  that  the  population  of  Cuba  in  1791  could  not  have  been 
less  than  362,700** — that  is,  that  the  census  understated  the  true  population  by  about 
25  per  cent.  This  population  in  1792  is  divided  by  Behm  and  Wagner  into  the  fol- 
lowing classes:  Whites,  133,533;  colored,  140,386.  The  whites  are  divided  into  72,209 
males  and  61,254  females.  The  colored  are  divided  into  55,930  free  and  84,456  slaves. 
On  the  other  hand,  Pezuela  divides  a  substantially  identical  total,  viz,  272,301,  into 
82,299  white  males,  71,260  white  females,  15,845  free  mulatto  males,  18,040  free 
mulatto  females,  9,366  free  negro  males,  10,900  free  negro  females,  5, 769  slave  mulatto 
males,  6,366  slave  mulatto  females,  41,955  slave  negro  males,  and  10,500  slave  negro 
females. 

and  was  used  for  purposes  of  taxation.  The  law  of  1878  required  the  register  or 
padron  to  be  corrected  every  alternate  year.  It  seems  probable  that  the  earlier 
Cuban  law  was  similar,  and  that  a  large  majority  of  the  alleged  census  returns  con- 
tained in  the  preceding  list  (p.  703)  were  derived  from  these  police  tax  lists.  The 
care  and  accuracy  with  which  such  lists  would  be  kept  would  differ  with  the  strict- 
ness of  supervision  exercised  by  the  authorities  in  Habana  and  with  the  efficiency  of 
local  officers. 

*  In  his  Dicctonario  de  la  Isla  de  Cuba,  see  p.  729,  infra. 

'  In  Wappaus-Stein,  Handbuch  der  Oeographie  nnd  StaiiMik,  seventh  edition,  vol- 
ume 1,  pp.  1870-1917.    See  especially  page  1876. 


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APPENDIX   XVII. 


705 


The  following  table  brings  the  classification  of  the  Cuban  population  in  1792  by 
these  two  authorities  side  by  side: 


Cuban  census  flgurea 
of  1792  according  to— 


Peniela, 
1866. 


Behm  and 

Wagner, 

1882. 


Total  population 

Whites 

Males 

Females 

Colored 

Free 

Slave 


272,  aoo 


278,989 


1&3,559 
82,299 
71,260 

116,741 
54,151 
64,590 


183,558 
72,209 
61,254 

140,386 
55,930 
84,456 


One  who  examines  carefully  these  two  alleged  census  returns  can  scarcely  escape 
the  inference  that  they  are  diverse  traditions  of  a  single  original.  Whether  the 
main  variation  between  1866,  when  Pezuela's  figures  were  published,  and  1882,  when 
those  of  Behm  and  Wagner  appeared,  whereby  20,000  whites,  half  male  and  half 
female,  were  transferred  bodily  to  the  ranks  of  the  negro  slaves,  was  due  to  accident 
or  design,  is  immaterial  to  the  purpose  here.  In  any  case  the  conclusion  seems 
warranted  that  very  little  weight  is  to  be  given  to  these  figures. 

Cenmsea  of  1804  «wrf  1810. — These  returns,  both  total  and  in  detail,  bear  evidence 
of  being  mere  estimates.  For  each  alleged  census  Behm  and  Wagner  give  six 
figures.  For  1804  everyone  of  these  figures  is  a  round  number  of  thousands,  and 
for  1810  four  out  of  six  are  so.  This  internal  evidence  that  they  are  estimates  and 
not  actual  counts  is  confirmed  by  the  following  explanation  given  by  Pezuela  (see 
p.  730)  of  the  manner  in  which  the  estimate  of  1810  or  1811  was  made: 

**  By  the  aid  of  the  partial  registry  rolls,  Don  Francisco  Arango  y  Parreno  compiled 
some  notes  in  reference  to  the  long  interval  between  1792  and  1817.  According  to 
his  figures  the  population  of  the  jurisdiction  of  Habana  in  1810  was  not  less  than 
161,000  whites,  42,000  free  colored,  and  147,000  slaves,  which  represented  a  total  of 
350,000  inhabitants  for  the  western  part  of  Cuba.  He  calculated  that  in  the  eastern 
part,  Santiago  de  Cuba,  there  were  40,000  whites,  38,000  free  colored,  and  32,000 
slaves,  making  a  total  of  110,000  inhabitants.  Seventy  thousand  more  were  found 
in  the  territory  of  Puerto  Principe  alone,  including  38,000  whites,  14,000  free 
colored,  and  18,000  slaves.  In  the  territory  of  the  four  towns  he  estimated  that 
there  were  35,000  whites,  20,000  free  colored,  and  15,000  slaves,  making  a  total  of 
70,000  inhabitants.  These  notes  made  by  Arango  were  published  July  20,  1811,  by 
the  secretary  of  the  consulate,  Don  Antonio  Valle  Hernandez,  for  the  use  of  the 
boanl  of  instruction.    They  showed  an  entire  population  of  600,000." 

This  explanation  proves  that  the  figures  of  .1810  and  1811  can  not  claim  to  rest 
upon  an  independent  count,  and  in  the  light  of  Pezuela's  further  statement  that  no 
census  was  published  between  1792  and  1817  the  alleged  census  of  1804  is  also  to  be 
rejected. 

Cerima  of  1817, — Humboldt  says  that  the  census  of  1817  ''is doubtless  less  imperfect 
than  that  of  1791.  However,  it,  too,  was  an  undercount,  due  to  fear  aroused  in  the 
people  by  an  undertaking  which  is  commonly  regarded  as  a  disastrous  forerunner  of 
new  taxes.  Furthermore,  the  provincial  deputation  in  transmitting  the  results  to 
Madrid  felt  bound  to  make  two  modifications:  They  added  32,641  whites,  transient 
traders  and  ships'  crews,  who  were  in  Cuba  on  business,  and  25,976  African  negroes 
imported  during  the  year  1817.  By  this  means  the  provincial  deputation  swelled 
the  total  to  630,980." 
24662 46 


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706 


REPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  following  table  gives  the  diverse  results  of  the  several  authorities  with  such 
detail  as  the  sources  admit: 


RmiUs  of  Cuban  cenmu  of 

1817  according  to  varioui  aulhoriUe», 

Poinsett, 
1822. 

Humboldt 
1825. 

Humboldt, 
1825. 

Delitirh, 
1871. 

and 

Total  population 

671,079 

572.888 

680,960 

568,083 

635,604 

Whites 

291,901 
154.067 
225,121 

257,880 
115.691 
199,292 

290,021 
115.691 
225,261 

238,890 
114,058 
199,145 

276.689 

Free  colored 

119.221 

Slaves 

289.694 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  maximum  and  minimum  figures  for  the  total  population 
differ  by  118,000,  or  21  per  cent. 

Some  of  the  discrepancies  in  the  table  may  be  reconciled.  The  difference  in  the 
number  of  slaves  reported  in  the  first  four  columns  depends  upon  whether  the 
25,976  negro  slaves  said  to  have  been  imported  during  1817  are  or  are  not  included. 
The  239,830  whites  in  column  4,  when  increased  by  the  19,430  troops  on  the  island 
and  the  32,641  transients  already  mentioned,  give  the  291,901  whites  of  Poinsett. 
The  154,057  free  colored  of  Poinsett  is  a  clear  error,  as  shown  in  detail  by  Humboldt. 
But  why  the  Habana  report  of  1882  printed  by  Behm  should  give  4,000  more  free 
colored,  14,000  more  slaves,  and  14,000  fewer  whites  than  the  general  current  of 
preceding  authority  can  not  be  explained.  On  the  whole,  the  figures  given  by  Ham> 
boldt  are  entitled  to  most  respect  and  to  provisional  acceptance. 

Census  of  1819. — The  figures  given  by  Behm  and  Wagner  agree  with  those  of 
Delitsch  for  1817,  except  that  the  number  of  free  colored  is  less  and  the  number  of 
slaves  greater  by  17,058,  a  change  which  brings  the  free  colored  down  to  the  round 
number  of  97,000. 

Census  of  1826.— The  figures  for  this  census  are  clearly  the  roughest  estimates.  For 
example,  white  males,  175,000;  white  females,  150,000;  free  colored,  100,000.  No 
confidence  can  be  placed  in  such  results,  as  the  chances  against  their  being  the  out- 
come of  a  count  are  indefinitely  great. 

Census  of  1827. — Pezuela,  in  sp^Etking  of  this  census,  calls  it  '*  the  most  complete  and 
important  that  had  been  published  up  to  that  time.  It  was  not,  like  the  previous 
censuses,  a  simple  summary  of  population.  It  was  the  first  description  of  the  public 
wealth  of  Cuba,  classified  both  by  products  and  by  departments  and  jurisdictions. 
It  was  accurate  and  satisfactory,  free  from  numerical  errors  and  misleading  state- 
ments. It  showed  that  in  spite  of  the  enormous  importations  of  Africans  the  whites 
outnumbered  the  slaves  by  more  than  24,000.  Hence  the  catastrophe  which  had 
overtaken  Santo  Domingo,  where  in  1790  there  were  15  slaves  for  every  free  person, 
seemed  not  to  threaten  Cuba"  (see  p.  731).  The  secondary  authorities  examined 
and  giving  the  figures  of  this  census,  viz,  Moreau  de  Jonnes,  Thrasher,  the  translator 
of  Humboldt,  Delitsch,  and  Behm  and  Wagner,  are  in  remarkable  agreement  While 
the  praise  of  Pezuela  is  clearly  exaggerated  and  his  word  in  such  a  matter  is  entitled 
to  little  weight,  yet  in  default  of  further  evidence  the  results  of  the  census  of  1827  must 
be  accepted  as  the  best  possible  approximation  to  the  truth.  The  difficulty  in  getting 
access  to  these  early  Cuban  returns  is  illustrated  by  the  statement  in  the  Cuban  census 
of  1841  that  the  writer  could  not  find  the  original  material  for  the  census  of  1827, 
but  only  the  summary  of  results  printed  in  the  Cuadro  EstadtsHco  of  that  year. 

Census  of  18S0.—Ab  none  of  the  more  careful  authorities,  such  as  Delitsch,  Thrasher, 
Pezuela,  and  D'Harponville,  mention  this  enumeration,  its  authority  must  be 
rejected. 

Census  of  I841.'-Tlns  was  an  official  census  for  which  the  original  source  has  be^i 
available. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX    XVII.  707 

Cemu8  of  1846, — The  credibility  of  this  county  which  reveals  an  apparent  falling  off 
of  over  100,000  in  the  five  years  1841  to  1846,  depends  mainly  upon  the  acceptance 
or  rejection  of  that  of  1841.  The  internal  history  of  the  island  affords  little  ground 
for  believing  that  the  population  in  these  five  years  actually  decreased  by  more  than 
10  per  cent,  a  decrease,  moreover,  confined  entirely  to  the  colored  population  and 
almost  entirely  to  the  slave  population,  which  apparently  dwindled  by  one-fourth 
in  ^ve  years.  Pezuela,  who  seems  disposed  to  champion  all  Cuban  figures  with 
more  zeal  than  knowlege,  explains  the  decrease  by  '*the  prolonged  droughts  and 
disastrous  hurricanes  which  afflicted  the  country  during  the  five  years  and  destroyed 
the  greater  part  of  the  crops/*  (See  p.  732).  Delitsch,  on  the  other  hand,  explains 
the  difference  as  due  to  the  omission  of  many  slaves  in  1846.  He  declares  that  there 
was  no  actual  decrease  in  the  number  of  slaves  in  Cuba  between  1841  and  1846,  and 
Thrasher  disputes  Pezuela's  explanation,  saying  that  *'no  great  cause,  as  epidemic  or 
emigration  on  a  large  scale,  existed  during  these  five  years  to  explain  the  marked 
decrease  of  the  slave  population;  that  the  material  prosperity  of  the  country  experi- 
enced no  decrease  except  the  loss  of  part  of  one  crop,  consequent  upon  the  hurricane 
of  1845;  that  church  returns  of  christenings  and  interments  point  toward  an  increase 
of  over  50,000  between  1842  and  1846;  and  that  a  capitation  tax  upon  house  servants 
was  levied  in  1844  and  it  was  generally  feared  that  this  mode  of  taxation  would  be 
extended."  Hence  a  powerful  motive  was  at  work  leading  to  an  understatement 
of  the  slave  population.  Pezuela's  explanation  is  intrinsically  improbable  because  a 
general  cause  like  drought,  hurricane,  or  epidemic  seldom  if  ever  affects  a  race, 
much  less  a  part  of  a  race,  without  also  affecting  other  races  subject  to  similar  con- 
ditions. On  a  whole,  therefore,  the  census  of  1846,  confiicting  as  it  does  with  that  of 
1841,  can  not  be  accepted  as  accurate, 

Cengwes  of  1849 ,  1850y  and  186B. — That  the  figures  printed  by  Behm  and  Wagner 
for  these  years  do  not  rest  upon  independent  counts  seems  clearly  established  by  the 
following  passage  (see  p.  732)  from  the  article  on  population  in  Pezuela's  four-volume 
Dictionary  of  Cuba:  '*At  the  beginning  of  1854,  when  the  task  of  compiling  this  dic- 
tionary was  undertaken,  we  were  seriously  embarrassed  by  the  fact  that  no  census  or 
general  summary  of  population  had  been  published  since  1846.  By  the  aid  of  the 
head  of  the  commission  of  statistics  we  were  furnished  with  a  number  of  documents 
relative  to  the  movement  of  population — i.  e.,  births,  deaths,  and  inmiigration — for 
some  years  after  the  last  census.  These  documents  enable  us  to  estimate  the  general 
population  of  the  island  toward  the  end  of  1849.'' 

CejmM  of  1856, — The  origin  of  this  return  is  thus  explained  by  Pezuela  (p.  734)  in 
the  article  already  quoted :  ' '  From  registry  rolls  and  other  data  found  in  the  statistical 
office  at  the  end  of  1855,  Arboleya  in  his  last  Manual  of  Cuba  made  an  estimate  of 
the  population.''  The  figures  given  in  Pezuela' s  table,  which  follows  the  quotation 
just  made,  agree  with  those  given  in  the  report  made  to  Behm  and  Wagner  in  1882, 
except  that  6,432  persons  reported  as  slaves  by  Pezuela  are  transferred  by  Behm  and 
Wagner  to  the  class  of  free  colored. 

Cenms  of  1857. — There  is  no  mention  of  these  figures  in  Delitsch  and  no  evidence 
appears  that  the  population  of  Cuba  was  actually  counted  in  that  year. 

Cenmses  of  1859  and  1860, — These  censuses  are  not  mentioned  by  Delitsch  and  no 
reason  appears  for  believing  that  the  figures  are  the  result  of  independent 
enumerations. 

Census  of  1861. — This,  like  the  census  of  1841,  was  a  census  the  official  returns 
of  which  have  been  available. 

Census  of  1862. — ^These  figures  are  obviously  a  slightly  different  rendering  of  the 
census  figures  of  1861. 

Cbmw  of  1867. — In  discussing  the  figures  of  this  census  the  scholarly  editor  of  Die 
Bevolkerung  der  Erde  concludes  that  they  were  obtained  by  combining  the  returns 
of  1861  and  1862,  and  that  the  returns  of  1862  were  obtained  from  those  of  1861  by 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


708  REPORT   ON   THE   CfEHSUB   OF   CUBA,   1899. 

introducing  the  births  and  deaths  for  the  year.  At  the  time  that  this  note  waa  writ- 
ten, in  1874,  he  concluded  that  **  if  we  are  to  hold  to  anjrthing  definite  in  Cuba  we  mast 
still  go  back  to  the  census  of  1861,'*  and  this  conclusion  is  amply  supported  by  the 
evidence  offered.  Delitech  agrees  with  this  rejection  of  the  census  of  1867,  for, 
though  he  includes  it  in  his  list,  he  adds  in  a  note  that  it  rests  apparently  on  an  esti- 
mate rather  than  on  a  new  count  For  the  period  after  1861,  also,  when  the  most 
thorough  and  complete  Spanish  census  of  Cuba  was  taken,  it  seems  best  to  discard 
all  returns  for  which  the  primary  sources  are  inaccessible  and  which  do  not  appear  to 
have  been  based  upon  an  actual  count  of  the  entire  population.  Hence  the  allied 
censuses  of  1869,  1874,  and  1879  may  also  be  rejected  as  probably  mere'estimates. 

The  foregoing  information  regarding  the  censuses  of  Cuba  gleaned  from  secondary 
sources  warrants  the  following  conclusions: 

1.  The  only  alleged  censuses  of  Cuba  taken  prior  to  1841  which  seem  worthy  of 
credit  are  those  of  1774  or  1775,  1792,  1817,  and  1827. 

2.  The  general  consensus  of  expert  opinion  regarding  these  is  that  they  were  vitiated 
by  serious  errors. 

3.  These  errors,  assuming  them  to  have  occurred,  lay  on  the  side  of  omissions. 

4.  The  slaves  and  free  colored  were  probably  enumerated  with  less  accuracy  than 
the  white  population  and  omissions  among  them  were  most  common. 

5.  There  is  some  evidence  that  the  returns  for  1792  and  1817  have  been  changed 
within  the  last  few  decades  by  a  reduction  of  the  reported  number  of  white  popu- 
lation and  an  increase  in  the  number  of  colored. 

6.  For  1841  and  the  years  following  attention  may  be  confined  to  those  censuses 
for  which  ofiicial  data  are  available,  since  none  of  the  others  seem  to  have  resulted 
from  actual  counts  of  the  population. 

7.  The  censuses  of  Cuba,  therefore,  worthy  of  further  attention  are  those  of  1 774 
or  1775,  1792,  1817,  1827,  1841,  1861,  1877,  1887,  and  1899. 

As  Spanish  statistical  work  was  reorganized  by  a  decree  of  September  3, 1856,  some 
light  will  be  thrown  upon  the  census  work  in  Cuba  subsequent  to  that  date  by  the 
following  extracts  from  a  report  upon  the  organization  and  progress  of  statistics  in 
Spain,  made  to  the  International  Statistical  Institute  in  1872  by  Augustin  Pascual, 
the  official  representative  of  the  Spanish  Government: 

**The  Spanish  bureau  of  statistics  is  a  division  of  the  ministry  of  agriculture, 
industry  and  commerce,  education  and  public  works  (fomento).  It  includes  the 
subjects  of  the  census,  statistics,  geography,  and  metrology.  Its  work  is  in  the  hands 
of  an  autonomous  office,  which  is  organized  in  two  divisions,  one  for  geography,  the 
other  for  the  census  and  statistics.  The  latter  division  collects,  coordinates,  and 
publishes  statistical  returns  on  all  branches  of  public  administration  and  all  subjects 
which  affect  the  physical,  economic,  and  moral  life  of  the  country,  or  are  of  scien- 
tific interest. 

"The  general  committee  of  statistics  was  established  in  Spain  toward  the  end  of 
the  year  1856,  and,  convinced  that  its  most  urgent  duty  was  that  of  ascertaining  the 
number  of  inhabitants  of  Spain,  which  was  at  that  time  imknown,  it  began  its  work 
by  a  census  of  population,  which  was  taken  May  21, 1857.*  This  was  a  general  census 
of  all  persons,  and  taken  as  of  a  single  day.  Every  person  was  entered  according  to 
his  actual  domicile.  In  order  to  take  the  first  census  of  Spain  successfully  many 
inquiries  were  omitted  which  it  might  have  been  well  to  put,  and  only  those  were 
included  which  seemed  indispensable.  Such  was  the  idea  at  the  basis  of  the  instruc- 
tions dated  March  14, 1857.  By  their  terms  a  personal  census  was  to  be  taken,  the 
people  being  classed  by  place  of  origin,  sex,  marital  condition,  age,  and  occupation, 
the  other  inquiries  demanded  by  modem  statistics  being  left  to  a  subsequent  census. 


*  No  copy  of  the  Spanish  census  of  1857  has  been  found  in  this  country,  but  we  are 
informed  by  the  secretary  of  the  Royal  Statistical  Society  of  London  that  the  work 
contains  no  returns  for  Cuba. 


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APPENDIX  xvn.  709 

The  result  was  entirely  satisfactory  to  the  €k>vemment.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
enumerated  was  15,464,340.  While  we  do  not  asstmie  to  guarantee  the  entire  accu- 
racy of  this  number,  it  was  much  larger  than  had  been  expected.  In  order  to  obtain 
this  result  all  necessary  precautions  were  taken.  The  clergy,  the  civil  and  military 
authorities,  the  provincial  and  municipal  corporations,  as  well  as  Government  agents, 
vied  with  each  other  in  performance  of  their  duties.  At  that  time  the  Government 
intended  to  continue  similar  operations,  and  when  the  results  of  the  census  were 
made  public  by  the  royal  order  of  September  30, 1858,  announcement  was  made  that 
another  census  would  be  taken  in  1860  and  thereafter  every  five  years.  The  classifi- 
cation was  to  be  extended  as  far  as  possible,  indicating  both  the  de  facto  or  present 
population  and  the  dejure  or  resident  population. 

"The  royal  order  of  October  30,  1860,  decreed  a  new  census,  with  entry  of  every 
name  to  be  taken  as  of  the  same  date,  viz,  December  25  and  26,  1860,  in  all  parts  of 
the  Kingdom.  The  population  taken  was  to  be  only  the  de  facto  or  present  popula- 
tion, because  it  was  believed  that  the  people  were  not  ready  to  report  also  their  place 
of  residence.  The  classification  of  ages  was  changed.  The  degree  of  illiteracy  was 
also  to  be  reported  and  the  classification  by  occupation  included.'  The  inhabitants 
returned  by  this  census  were  15,673,536,  an  increase  of  1.35  per  cent  in  the  three 
years  that  had  elapsed  since  the  census  of  1857.  This  census  also  gave  a  classifica- 
tion of  the  population  by  occupation,  which  had  not  been  published  in  1857  because 
of  incompleteness  in  the  data.  Although  the  occupation  returns  in  the  second  census 
are  imperfect,  yet  they  serve  as  a  beginning,  the  only  purpose  that  the  Government 
had  in  accepting  and  publishing  them.  The  census  of  1860  was  declared  official  by 
an  order  of  June  12,  1863,  and  at  the  same  time  a  new  census  was  ordered  for  1865. 
It  was  to  include  the  provinces  of  America  and  the  Pacific  as  well  as  the  islands  in 
the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  It  was  also  ordered  that  in  the  census  of  1865  the  classification 
by  residence,  or  the  de  jure  population,  should  be  included.  Preparations  were 
begun  for  the  census  of  1865,  but  considering  that  a  census  every  five  years  increased 
the  expense  and  did  not  produce  results  much  more  accurate  than  those  already  in 
hand,  since  the  differences  produced  in  Spain  by  so  short  a  period  were  unimpor- 
tant, and  considering  further  that  foreign  countries  had  adopted  a  ten-year  period 
as  the  most  suitable  interval  between  censuses,  the  plan  for  a  census  in  1865  was 
abandoned  as  a  result  of  the  royal  decree  of  November  30,  1864,  which  declared  that 
the  next  census  should  be  taken  in  1870,  and  thereafter  every  ten  years.  By  an 
order  of  June  7,  1870,  a  census  was  decreed  for  that  year,  on  a  date  to  be  fixed  later. 
The  census  was  to  be  taken  name  by  name  and  the  population  to  be  classified  as  de 
facto  and  de  jure.  This  census  was  getting  under  way  when  the  Government,  believ- 
ing that  at  the  close  of  the  last  revolution  in  Spain  neither  the  country  nor  the 
administration  was  in  a  condition  to  carry  out  so  great  an  undertaking  satisfactorily, 
and  neither  the  imperial  treasury  nor  those  of  the  provinces  or  municipalities  could 
well  bear  the  expense,  postponed  its  execution.  It  is  now  (1872)  impossible  to  state 
when  the  census  will  be  taken. 

**The  censuses  of  Spain  taken  in  1857  and  1860  were  taken  upon  a  day  fixed  in 
advance.  The  population  reported  was  the  de  facto  population.  The  work  was  done 
by  means  of  separate  schedules,  which  were  left  at  the  house  and  later  collected  by 
salaried  employees.  These  employees  were  instructed  to  answer  the  questions  raised 
by  the  head  of  the  family  in  filling  the  blanks.  The  preparation  of  these  family 
blanks  and  also  of  the  summaries  obtained  from  them  devolved  upon  municipal  com- 
mittees, and  the  preparation  of  blanks  for  the  provinces  upon  the  provincial  com- 
mittees, both  of  them  assisted  by  salaried  employees.  The  provincial  committees 
made  up  the  r^sum^  or  abstracts,  and  also  checked  the  work  of  the  municipalities 
and  entered  their  indorsements  upon  the  reports.'' 

'  The  tables  in  the  census  of  1860  for  all  Cuba  are  reproduced  in  this  volume,  pages 
710-712.    The  figures  for  Cuba  bear  date  March,  1861. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


710 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


The  geographical  divisions  of  Cuba  have  N'aried  not  a  little  since  1841,  and  it  has 
been  impossible,  from  the  sources  and  with  the  time  available,  to  trace  the  history  of 
these  changes  in  detail.  It  seems  best,  therefore,  to  renounce  the  effort  to  present 
fully  the  results  of  the  censuses  of  1827,  1841,  1861,  1877,  and  1887  for  any,  even  the 
largest,  subdivisions  of  Cuba.  In  the  following  tables  all  results  for  Cuba  afl  a 
whole  are  brought  together. 

Census  of  18fl, 
[Table  contalDed  in  the  cenmu  of  IML] 


Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Whites 

168.663 
61,962 
163,290 

142,396 
64.632 
103,662 

311.061 

Free  colored 

106,491 

Slaves 

286,942 

Total 

406,906 

800,662 

704,487 

OiwiM  of  1841 — Papulation, 


Total. 


0tol6 
yean  old 


16  to  60     Over  60 
yean  old.  yean  old. 


Widowed. 


White  males 

White  females 

Free  mulatto  {pardo$)  males  . . 
Free  mulatto  {pardas)  females 
Free  negro  (morenot)  males  . . . 
Free  negro  (moreiMs)  females  . 

Slave  mulatto  males 

Slave  mulatto  females 

Slave  negro  males 

Slave  negro  females 

Total 


227,144 

191.147 

43,668 

44,896 

82,046 

32,789 

6,868 

6,106 

276.882 

160,189 


88,617 

88,836 

19,001 

17,923 

8,967 

9,078 

2,969 

2,499 

61,666 

41,964 


183,064 

108,460 

28,720 

26,641 

21,488 

22,449 

2,870 

2,666 

216,911 

105,768 


1,007,624 


826,489 


667,821        28,864 


4,174 
9,920 

491 
1.225 

511 

1.585 

10 

30 

4.148 

3,456 


26,560 


The  census  of  1841  also  gave  certain  figures  for  the  distribution  of  population 
between  city  and  country  as  follows.  The  island  was  divided  into  226  towns  or 
urban  districts  with  various  names,  but  grouped  together  as  p6blacume»,  and  279 
rural  districts. 

The  population  was  then  divided  as  follows: 

Inhabitants. 

226  town  districts 360,170 

1, 238  sugar  plantations  {ingenios) 138,  701 

1,838  coffee  plantations  (cafetaUs) 114,760 

42, 549  farms  (fmcas),  etc 393,993 

Total 1,007.624 


Onms  of  1861, 
WHITE  CUBANS  BY  NATIONALITY  AND  RESIDENCE. 


Male. 


Female. 


Total. 


Spanish  residents. , 
Spanish  transients. 
Foreign  residents. 
Foreign  transients, 

Asiatics 

Mexicans 

Total  whites. 


410,678 
14,019 
4,162 
8,789 
84,777 
712 


820,216 

3,406 

1,146 

218 

67 


8,107 


326,377 


730.894 
17,424 
6,298 
8,987 
81, 8M 
1,017 


793,481 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   XVn. 


711 


Census  of  1861 — Oontinaed. 
COLORED  CUBANS  BY  CIVIL  STATUS. 


Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Colored  free 

109,027 

218,722 

4,779 

116,816 

151,831 

1,871 

225,843 

Colored  slaves ..    . 

370,553 

6,650 

Total  colored 

882,528 

270,518 

608,046 

ALL  CUBANS  BY  SEX. 


Cabans. 


POPULATION  BY  MARITAL  CONDITION. 


White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single    

862,951 
»1,523 
10,633 

216,721 
86,578 
23,078 

304,866 

.23,989 

3,678 

237,202 
24,731 
8,585 

667,817 
118,512 
14,306 

462,923 
111,309 
81,668 

Married            

Widowed ^ 

POPULATION  BY  RACE,  STATUS,  SEX,  AND  AGE. 


Age  period. 


White. 


Male.      Female. 


Colored. 


Free  and  emanci- 
pated. 


Male.      Female. 


Slaves. 


Male.      Female. 


Total. 


Underl 

lto7 

8tol5 

16to2J 

21  to  25 

26  to  30 

81  to^ 

41  to  60 

51to60 

61  to  70 

71  to  80 

81  to  85 

86  to  90 

91  to  95 

96  to  100 

100+ 

All  ages. 


11,947 

75,202 

67,067 

48,641 

63,760 

64,803 

66,793 

36,931 

19,996 

8,674 

8,006 

•      646 

431 

93 

88 

27 


468,107 


10,898 

69,608 

69,741 

37,739 

83.334 

82,-958 

86,003 

22,312 

18,649 

5,812 

2,290 

427 

418 

89 

84 

25 


3,780 

23,085 

20,903 

12,050 

10,089 

10,562 

12,766 

8,770 

5,968 

8,534 

1,416 

808 

355 

96 

128 

56 


8,748 

22,197 

19,632 

12,697 

11,489 

12,385 

14,291 

9,658 

6,570 

8,537 

1,486 

389 

892 

85 

104 

27 


8,837 

21,868 

30,369 

24,432 

21,860 

25.770 

88,081 

25,491 

14,873 

7,214 

8,555 

732 

707 

205 

213 

65 


8.886 

21,612 

24,711 

17,482 

14,478 

17,818 

23.867 

14,137 

7,603 

8,741 

1,621 

873 

291 

109 

85 

17 


88,096 

233,517 

222,423 

153,041 

155,010 

164,296 

191,751 

117,299 

68,156 

32.512 

13,374 

2,876 

2,589 

677 

697 

217 


325,877 


113,806 


118,687 


218,722 


151,831 


1,396.530 


POPULATION  BY  RACE,  SEX,  AND  LITERACY. 


White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Malee. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Able  to  read 

166,868 
811,744 

86,094 
240,283 

13,819 
319,209 

13,461 
257,067 

268,287 

Unable  to  read 

1,128,293 

Total 

468,107 

826,877 

882.628 

270,618 

1,896,680 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


712 


BEPOET  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  18»». 

CfrmiJt  of  1861 — Continued. 
POPULATION  BY  RACE  AND  OCCUPATION. 


Occupation. 


White. 


Ctdored. 


Total. 


EccledMticfi 

Officials  in  active  eervice 

Officials  retired 

Military  in  active  service 

Military  retired 

Proprietors 

Laboren 

Traders 

Manufacturers 

Artisans  {indutiricdes) 

Teachers 

Day  laborers 

Paupers  {pcbreu  de  totemnidad ) 

Total 


779 

4,983 

226 

22,527 

450 

16.544 

156,051 

26,204 

915 

99,688 

5.658 

20,123 

1,476 


1.802 

214,457 

843 

180 

77,706 

800 

89,865 

851 


855,574 


335.008 


779 

4.933 

226 

22,527 

450 

17.  M6 

870.508 

26,  M7 

1.095 

177.  S9S 

5.958 

59.968 

2,827 


690,577 


Cmmis  of  1877. 
DE  JURE  OR  RESIDENT  POPULATION  BY  SEX,  RACE,  AND  NATIONALITY. 


Nationality  or  race. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  dejure  population 

1845,577 

1663.714 

1,509.291 

Resident*  who  were  present . ,                                                 

M7,029 

658,963 

1,475,992 

Spaniards 

528,121 

5.709 

40,261 

242,988 

418,961 

2,708 

.       66 

237,228 

M7,082 

F^reLgners 

8,417 

Aififttit^ 

40,327 

Colored 

480.166 

Residents  who  were  absent        

28,548 

4,751 

83,299 

Spaniards 

20,873 

466 

2.965 

4,244 

3,096 

162 

6 

1,487 

€3S 

Iweigners 

Asiatics 

2,971 

Colored 

5,731 

1  In  our  United  States  copy  of  this  census  the  males  are  given  as  845.595  and  the  females  aa  663,696 
owing  to  errors  in  the  additions  for  the  municipal  districts  of  Sagua  la  Grande  and  Trinidad. 

Census  of  1877. 

DE  FACTO  OR  PRESENT  POPULATION,  BY  SEX,  RACE,  OR  NATIONALITY. 


Nationality  or  race. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  de/aeto  population 

850.520 

671.164 

1,521.684 

Residents  who  were  present 

817,029 

658,963 

1,475,992 

Spaniards 

528.121 

5.709 

40,261 

242.938 

418,961 

2,708 

66 

237,228 

»17.082 

8.417 

40,327 

480,166 

Foreigners 

Asiatics 

Colored 

Nonresidents  who  were  present 

83,491 

12,201 

45.692 

Spaniards 

22.772 
1,769 
8,472 
5,478 

8,138 

446 

12 

3.605 

80,910 
2,215 

Fx>reigner8 

AsiaUcs 

8,484 
9.063 

Colored 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX    XVII. 

Omub  of  1887. 
DE  JURE  OR  RESIDENT  POPULATION.  BY  SEX  AND  NATIONALITY. 


718 


NatlonaUty. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  dejwrt  population 

866,407 

742.668 

1,609,075 

Residenta  who  were  present 

856,086 

739,804 

1,595,640 

Spaniards 

826,777 
29,259 

786,659 
8,145 

1,563.486 
82,404 

Foreigners 

Residents  who  were  absent 

10,871 

2,864 

18,235 

Spaniards 

10,187 
284 

2,780 
84 

12.917 

Foreigners 

818 

Onm»  of  1887. 
DE  FACTO  OR  PRESENT  POPULATION,  BY  SEX  AND  NATIONAUTY. 


Nationality. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  deSado  population 

882,600 

749,087 

1,631,687 

Residents  who  were  present 

856,036 

739,804 

1,596,840 

Spaniards..... 

826,777 
29,259 

736.  C59 
8,145 

1,563,436 
32,404 

I'breignerB 

Nonresidents  who  were  present 

26,564 

9,288 

35,847 

Spaniards 

24,145 
2,419 

8,949 
334 

83,094 

{foreigners 

2,753 

Census  of  1887, 
DE  FACTO  POPULATION  WITH  DISTINCTION  OF  SEX  AND  RACE. 


Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Whites 

607,187 
275,413 

495,702 
253,385 

1,102,889 

Colored 

628,798 

Total 

882,600 

749,087 

1,631,687 

DE  FACTO  POPULATION  WITH  DISTINCTION  OF  RACE  AND  LITERACY. 


Whites. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Able  to  read  and  write 

867,629 
19,685 
715,576 

56,566 

8,450 

463.782 

424,195 
28,135 

Able  to  read  only , 

Unable  to  read , , , 

1, 179, 357 

Total 

1,102,889 

528,798 

1,681,687 

Digitized  by 


Google 


714 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1809. 


APPENDIX  XVIII. 

CUBAN  VITAL  STATISTICS.  1890-1899. 

In  order  to  supplement  as  far  as  might  be  the  returns  of  the  present  census,  and 
to  make  this  volume  a  collection  of  available  statistics  regarding  the  subject  of 
which  it  treats,  efforts  were  made  to  secure  the  returns  of  vital  statistics  for  the 
last  decade.  Owing  to  the  disturbed  conditions  of  the  island  of  recent  years  these 
efforts  were  not  completely  successf uL  The  records  of  some  municipal  districts 
have  been  destroyed,  and  from  others  at  the  date  of  writing  no  replies  have  been 
received.  The  returns  which  were  received  could  not  in  all  cases  be  adjusted  to 
the  geographical  divisions  of  the  island  accepted  by  this  census,  and  it  is  possible 
therefore  that  a  certain  amount  of  duplication  may  be  involved  in  those  returns. 
In  a  few  cases  minor  errors  were  detected  in  the  tables  as  received,  the  separate 
figures  and  the  totals  not  agreeing.  In  all  such  cases  it  has  been  assumed  that 
the  separate  figrures  were  correct  and  that  totals  were  incorrect.  The  detailed 
tables  of  births,  deaths,  and  marriages  by  municipal  districts  are  given  herewith 
(pp.  720-726)  after  the  tables  for  the  island,  and  the  returns  and  notes  found  in 
those  should  be  consulted  before  the  figures  for  Cuba  as  a  whole  are  implicitly 
accepted.  Still  the  main  significance  could  hardly  be  affected  by  the  errors  thus 
noted,  and  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  errors  of  omission  are  probably  much 
greater  than  errors  of  duplication,  in  case  the  latter  occurred.  With  these  quali- 
fications the  following  tables  for  the  ten  years  from  1890  to  1899  are  given. 

Births  reported  for  Cuba,  by  provinces  and  years. 


Year. 

(city),    ingclty.' 

Matan- 
za8.« 

Ptnar 
del  Rio. 

Puerto 
Principe. 

Santa 
Clara. 

Santiago     Total 

1890 

4,488 
4.817 
4.441 
4.335 
4,205 
4,171 
4.113 
8,788 
2,470 

7,860 
6,658 
7,247 
7,0B9 

2.657 
2.487 
2,662 
2,224 
2.841 
2,141 
2.106 
1,685 
1,214 
1,4«4 

2,143 
1,906 
2.064 
2,160 
2,418 
1.803 
1.150 
838 
542 
2,021 

11,682 
11,641 
U.917 
11,683 
10.aS4 
9,202 
7.0i8 
6,046 
2,588 

4,019          32,359 

1891 

4i476         kiriss 

189'«»  

4.834 
3,894 
8,481 
2.1U 
1,269 
811 
974 
2,829 

as.  665 

1893 

31,334 

1884 

23,880 

1895   . 

5,859 
4.2B7 
2,802 
i;276 

25,410 

18«J   

19.927 

1897     

1^.4^ 

1898 

9.0G9 

1899 

4,181 



10,496 

Total 

40.500 

41,978 

20,882 

17.281 

81.680 

*  80, 016 

232. 24S 

1  No  returns  were  received  for  the  province  outside  Habana  city  except  for  the  first  eight 
months  of  1890,  and  these  have  not  been  included. 
'  No  returns  were  received  from  Matanzas  for  the  year  1894. 
*  Including  1,785  births  in  Qibara  not  distributed  to  the  several  years. 

The  average  annual  number  of  births  reported  daring  the  four  years  1890-1893, 

inclusive,  was  3 1 ,970.    The  average  annual  number  of  births  during  the  four  years 

1895-1898,  inclusive,  was  17,204.    If  the  average  number  of  the  last  four  years  had 

*r^  been  maintained  at  the  average  number  of  the  first,  four  there  would  have  been 

\  59,063  more  children  bom  during  the  quadrennium  1895-1898  than  were  bom. 

In  order  to  get  a  rough  approipmation  to  the  birth  rate,  marriage  rate,  and 
death  rate  of  Cuba  during  the  period  covered  by  these  returns  the  following 
assumptions  regarding  changes  of  population  may  be  made. 

(1)  That  the  population  of  Cuba  increased  each  3rear  from  1887  to  1894,  indu- 
sive,  by  11,000— that  is,  one-tenth  of  the  increase  between  1877  and  1887,  110,003. 

(2)  That  the  population  decreased  from  1894  to  1899  each  year  by  one-fifth  of 
the  difference  between  the  total  population  in  1894  as  thus  estimated  and  the 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   XV  III. 


715 


population  of  1899  as  reported  by  the  present  census.    On  these  assumptions  the 
population  of  Cuba  each  year  from  1890  to  1899  was  as  follows: 


Tear. 

Population. 

Year. 

Population. 

1890 

1.664,687 
1,675,687 
1,686,687 
1,697,687 
1,708,687 

1895 

1.681,509 

18B1 , 

1896 

1,654.831 

1882   

1897       

1,627,153 

1893.... 

1888 

1,599,975 

]g94  

1899 

1,672,797 

From  these  population  estimates  the  birth  rate  of  Cuba  may  be  computed,  and 
the  results  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Tear. 

Birth  rate.i 

Year. 

Birth  rate.» 

1890   

19.4 
18.8 
19.4 
18.5 
13.6 

1895 

15.1 

1891   

1896 

13.1 

1892 

1897 

8.9 

1898 

1898 

6.7 

1894 

.  1899 

6.7 

i 

1  Births  to  each  1,000  i>eople. 

No  confidence  can  be  placed  in  the  accuracy  of  these  figures,  and  the  only  thing 
of  significance  in  the  table  is  the  very  marked  decrease  of  the  birth  rate  from  a 
maximum  at  the  beginning  of  the  x>eriod  to  a  minimum  near  the  end. 

A  slight  clue  to  the  birth  rate  in  Cuba  in  1860  may  be  derived  from  the  Spanish 
census  of  1861.  That  enumerated  88,096  persons  under  1  year  of  age  (p.  711)* 
These  were  survivors  of  such  as  had  been  bom  during  the  preceding  year.  As  the 
enumerated  population  was  1,396,530,  the  birth  rate  per  thousand  people  must  have 
been  higher  than  27.3.  As  at  least  one- fourth  of  all  children  born  under  such  con- 
ditions as  prevail  in  Cuba  die  before  the  end  of  the  first  year,  a  Cuban  birth  rate 
of  30  in  1861  may  fairly  be  regarded  as  the  minimum  limit  of  probability,  and  the 
rate  may  have  been  as  high  as  35.  The  rate  in  Spain  is  rather  over  35  (average 
annual  birth  rate  in  Spain  1865-1869,  36.7;  1878-1880,  a5.7;  1887-88,  36.3).  In 
Porto  Rico  the  children  under  1  in  1899  were  2.76  x>er  cent  of  the  population,  and 
in  Jamaica  in  1891  they  were  2.46  per  cent. 

For  these  reasons  the  omissions  in  the  returns  tabulated  above  are  probably 
in  every  case  equal  to  at  least  one-half  of  the  number  reported,  yet  in  most  cases 
the  municipal  registers  of  births  seem  'to  have  been  kept  with  reasonable  care 
during  the  civil  war,  and  the  very  marked  decrease  in  births,  therefore,  can  not 
be  explained  as  due  to  a  breakdown  of  the  system  of  registration.  The  indications 
of  the  preceding  table  confirm  the  results  already  reached  in  analyzing  age  statis- 
tics (p.  86).  Even  in  their  very  fragmentary  condition,  therefore,  they  are  of 
interest  enough  to  warrant  an  analysis  by  provinces. 

In  the  following  table  the  birth  rate  by  provinces  has  been  computed  on  the 
following  assumptions: 

1.  That  the  annual  increase  of  population  from  1887  to  1894,  inclusive,  for  each 
province  except  Habana,  Puerto  Principe,  and  Santiago  was  equal  to  one  twenty- 
seventh  of  the  total  increase  from  March  14, 1861,  to  December  31,  1887. 

2.  That  the  change  from  1894  to  1899,  except  in  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago, 
was  one-fifth  of  the  difference  between  the  population  of  1894  as  thus  estimated 
and  the  enumerated  population  of  1899. 

3.  That  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago,  the  first  of  which  decreased  in  popula- 
tion from  1861  to  1887  and  increased  from  1887  to  1899,  while  the  second  increased 
only  slowly  from  1861  to  1887,  but  rapidly  between  1887  and  1899,  made  the  entire 
gain  between  1887  and  1894,  and  thereafter  remained  stationary  for  five  years. 

4.  That  in  1887,  when  the  city  as  distinct  from  the  municipal  district  of  Habana 
was  not  separately  reported,  the  population  of  the  city  bore  the  same  relation  to 
the  population  of  the  municipal  district  including  it  as  it  did  in  1899. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


716 


BEPOBT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,   18d9. 


5.  That  the  population  of  Habana  city  increased  Bteadily  from  1887  to  1899  by 
an  eqnal  annual  amount. 

In  explanation  of  these  assumptions  it  may  be  stated  that  the  census  of  1877  in 
Cuba,  taken  during  the  Ten  Years'  War,  is  probably  much  less  trustworthy  than 
that  of  1861;  that  the  x>opulation  in  1861  of  the  provinces  as  now  constituted  has 
been  carefully  estimated  for  this  census  by  methods  elsewhere  expl'uned  (pp. 
699-702)  and  that  the  influx  of  immigrants  into  Habana  city  during  the  years  of 
civil  war  may  have  caused  an  increase  of  population  there  while  the  total  popula- 
tion of  the  island  was  decreasing. 

Approximate  birth  rate  of  Cuban  provinces  1890-1899, 


Year. 

Habana 

(city). 

Mantan- 
zas. 

Pinar 
delRla 

Puerto 
Prlndpe. 

Santa 
Clara. 

Santiago. 

1880  

21.84 
20.66 
20.03 
20.10 
19.20 
18.76 
18.21 
16.53 
10.62 
17.72 

28.05 
25.29 
27.43 
26.55 

11.88 
10.26 
11.07 
9.13 
9.50 
9.24 
9.70 
8.08 
6.47 
8.46 

28.00 
25.06 
25.05 
25.83 
27.40 
21.46 
13.15 
9.51 
6.15 
22.93 

32.18 
31.77 
82.26 
31.85 
28.82 
24.75 
19.14 
13.86 
7.17 

13  58 

1891 

14.73 

1882       

13.90 

1898 

12.18 

1894 

10.62 

1895 

23.13 
17.61 
10.10 
5.08 

6.54 

1896..             

3.87 

1897 

2.48 

1896             

2.V7 

1899 

B  cB  w  QD 


Santa  Clara 


Mantanzas 
Puerto  Principe 


Habana  City 
Cuba 


Santiago 
P.  del  Bio 


* 

V. 

\ 

^' 

••«-.. 

^ 

^ 

^^ 

k  ^\ 

jl    1 

""^ 

\ 

^ 

\\ 

^ 

\ 

Nw 

\.i   » 

\ 

^V 

N 

Sv\ 

\; 

^ 

<^ 

•^ 

k 

^ 

V 

V 

\ 

\ 

^ 

•^^ 

s 

40 


30 


80 


10 


Birthrates. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   XVm. 


717 


Few  inferences  can  be  drawn  with  confidence  from  a  table  in  which  the  margin 
of  error  is  as  great  as  in  the  present.  The  records  of  the  two  provinces  of  Pinar 
del  Rio  and  Santiago  are  evidently  far  more  incomplete  than  those  for  the  other 
provinces.  One  may  note,  however,  the  regular  decrease  in  the  birth  rate  in  each 
province  to  a  minimum  in  1898,  except  for  Santiago,  where  the  rate  for  the  year 
before  was  slightly  less.  In  the  four  cases  in  which  the  birth  rate  for  1899  is  given 
there  was  a  marked  rise  which  in  Puerto  Principe  carried  the  rate  well  up  toward 
the  normal.  In  Habana  city  and  Pinar  del  Rio  the  influence  of  recent  disasters 
upon  the  birth  rate  was  apparently  much  less  marked  than  in  any  of  the  remain- 
ing four  provinces,  but  owing  to  the  serious  omissions  this  inference  regarding 
Pinar  del  Rio  is  of  doubtful  accuracy. 

In  the  following  table  the  marriages  and  deaths  reported  in  Cuba  during  the 
decade  1890-1839  are  given  by  provinces  and  the  marriage  rates  and  death  rates 
found  on  the  same  assumptions  are  added.  In  order  to  make  the  results  more 
clear  to  the  eye  they  have  been  expressed  in  gpraphic  forms  as  a  series  of  curves. 

Marriages  reported  for  CuJbay  by  provinces  and  years. 


Year. 

Habana 

(city). 

Matan- 
zas. 

Puerto 
Principe. 

Santa 
Clara. 

Santiago. 

Cuba. 

1890 

963 

996 

1.000 

1.033 

866 

901 

953 

821 

861 

1.188 

1,107 
1,204 
1,244 
1,167 

468 
388 
401 
404 
866 
343 
196 
151 
2» 
300 

2,346 

2.403 

2.618 

2,446 

1,881) 

J.445 

883 

680 

680 

642 
614 
623 
663 
665 
868 
212 
126 
142 
471 

6.616 

1891 

5,6(15 

1898 

5,916 

1893 

5.601 

1894 

8,676 

1895     

791 
310 
251 
307 

3,818 

1890                    

2,653 

1897   

2,038 

1898               

2,118 

1899 

1.963 

Total 

9,606 

7,290 

3.969 

17.006 

6.764 

43.635 

Marriage  returns  for  Habana  province  outside  of  Habana  city  and  for  Pinar 
del  Rio  province  have  not  been  received. 

No  returns  were  received  from  Matanzas  province  for  1894  and  none  for  either 
Matanzas  or  Santa  Clara  province  for  1899. 

The  total  for  Santiago  includes  456  marriages  in  Gibara  and  60  in  Biayari  not 
distributed  to  the  several  years. 

Deaths  reported  for  Cuba,  by  provinces  and  years. 


Year. 

Habana 

(city). 

MaUn- 
zas. 

Pinar  del 
Rio. 

Puerto 
Principe 

Santa 
Clara. 

Santiago. 

Cuba. 

1890 

7.433 
7.105 
7.185 
6,831 
6,730 
7.410 
11,728 
18,123 
21,235 
8.153 

6.818 
6,203 
7,181 
7.017 

1,874 
1.737 
1,81* 

i.m 

1.857 
2.878 
8,638 
16.454 
14.186 
4.1«3 

1.265 
1.168 
1.181 
1,133 
1,135 
2,363 
2,531 
3.365 
2,875 
1.903 

7.976 
7.934 
8.117 
8,422 
8,427 
9.709 
14.749 
46. 4n 
40.885 

3.300 
8.760 
8,324 
3.160 
8.334 
6.523 
9.894 
9,971 
12,053 
3.604 

28,673 

1891 

27.906 

1893 

28,803 

1893 

28,343 

1894                                 

21,473 

1895 

7.008 
10.404 
25,347 
18.<J88 

35.891 

1890 

58,034 

1897 

118,737 

1898 

109,272 

1899...               

17.807 

ToUl         

101.082 

M.423 

54.352 

21.186 

150,709 

60,299 

600.900 

No  returns  were  received  for  Habana  province  outside  Habana  city,  except  for 
the  first  eight  months  of  1899,  and  these  have  not  been  included. 

No  returns  were  received  for  Matanzas  province  for  1894,  nor  for  Matanzas 
or  Santa  Clara  province  for  1899. 

The  total  for  Santiago  includes  3,109  deaths  in  Gibara  and  103  in  Mayari  not 
distributed  to  the  several  years. 

The  number  of  deaths  reported  during  the  four  years  1890-1893  was  113,734, 
an  annual  average  of  28,431.    That  during  the  four  years  1895-1898  was  321.934,  an 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


718 


BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


annual  average  of  80,483  and  an  increase  of  53,052  deaths  a  year  over  the  number 
reported  in  time  of  i>eace  and  relative  prosjierity.  This  means  an  increase  for  the 
fonr  years  of  208.210  deaths  over  and  above  those  which  would  have  occurred  had 
the  conditions  of  the  years  immediately  preceding  persisted.  To  this  number 
may,  perhaps,  be  added  50,063  as  the  number  by  which  the  reported  births  for 
1895-1898  fell  below  those  for  1890-1893.  By  this  method  it  appears  that  the  loss 
of  life  in  Cuba  during  the  four  years  1895-1898,  resulting  from  an  increase  of 
deaths  and  a  decrease  of  births  from  the  ratios  of  the  preceding  years,  was  probably 
in  round  numbers  not  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  million  (267,273).  In  judging  this 
rough  estimate  it  should  be  remembered  that  no  returns  at  all  were  received  from 
Habana  provinoe  outside  Habana  city  and  that  this  territory  included  in  1899 
one-eighth  (12  per  cent)  of  the  population  of  Cuba.  If  one  assumes  that  this 
territory  lost  in  proportion  to  its  population  equally  with  the  rest  of  Cuba,  the 
approximate  loss  rises  to  over  300,000  (303,700).  Even  this  number,  if  we  note  the 
evidence  from  the  figures  themselves  that  registration  in  many  parts  of  Cuba  has 
been  defective,  and  recall  that  from  a  number  of  municipal  districts  no  returns 
were  received,  may  fairly  be  deemed  rather  an  understatement  of  the  actual  loss 
of  life. 

Pro  mille  ratio  of  marriages  in  Cuba  to  total  (estimated)  population,  by  provinces 

and  years. 


Year. 

Habana 

(city). 

Matan- 
zas. 

Puerto 
Principe. 

Santa 
Clara. 

Santiago. 

Cnba. 

1890 

4.6 
4.8 
4.9 
4.8 
4.0 
4.1 
4.2 
8.6 
8.7 
5.0 

4.2 
4.6 
4.7 
4.4 

6.1 
4.9 
4.9 
4.7 
4.1 
3.9 
2.2 
1.7 
2.6 

a6 

6.5 
6.6 
7.1 
6.6 
5.0 
3.9 
2.4 
1.9 
1.6 

2.2 

2.0 

2.0 

1.8 

1.7 

1.1 

.6 

.4 

.4 

1.4 

3.3 

1891 

1892 

1893 

as 

3.5 
3  3 

1894 

2.1 

1896 

3.1 
1.3 
1.1 
1.4 

2  3 

1896 

1.5 

1897 

1  3 

1898 

1-3 

1899 

op  op  oQ  00  CO  qp  CQ 


^^*^  ^^^^  ^•••^  rrs^  1^^^ 


Santa  Clara 

Puerto  Principe 

Habana  City 

Matanzaa 

Cuba 

Santiasro 


Marria^  rates. 

Pro  mille  ratio  of  deaths  in  Cuba  to  total  (estimated)  population,  by  provinces  and 

years. 


Year. 

Habana 

(city). 

Matan- 
zas. 

Pinar 
del  Rio. 

Puerto 
Principe. 

Santa 
Clara. 

Santiago. 

Cuba. 

1890 

36.2 
34.0 
83.8 
81.7 
80.7 
83.3 
51.9 
79.0 
91.0 
34.6 

26.9 
23.6 
27.2 
26.5 

8.0 

7.3 

7.5 

7.3 

7.5 

12.4 

89.8 

76.3 

75.5 

23.9 

16.5 
14.7 
14.3 
18.3 
12.9 
268 
28.7 
38.1 
88.6 
21.6 

22.0 
21.7 
22.0 
22.6 
22.4 
26.1 
40.1 
127.6 
113.3 

11.2 
12.4 
10.6 
9.9 
10.1 
19.9 
80.2 
30.4 
86.8 
10.9 

17.2 
16.7 
17.1 
16.7 
12.6 
21.3 
35.1 
73.0 
6B.8 

1801 

lH9a 

urn 

nm 

.895 

27  7 
43.6 
111.2 
84.1 

1890 

1897. 

1898 

1899 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPEITOLX  XVin. 

96  86  86  S  I 


719 


Habana  City 


Matanzas 

Santa  Clara 

Cuba 

Puerto  Principe 

Santiago 
Pinar  del  Rio 


\ 

i\ 

/\. 

/i 

1 

/   \ 

1 

\i 

/n 



A 

T 

-^^ 

- 

--, 

,." 

— — 

■ — 

^ 

1 

^ 



y^ 

130 


130 


no 


100 


90 


70 


50 


40 


•» 


10 


Death  rates. 

The  marriage  rates  for  all  years  and  all  provinces  are  very  low,  due  both  to  the 
small  number  of  marriages  in  Cuba,  for  reasons  explained  in  the  discussion  of 
marital  conditions,  and  also  to  the  imperfections  of  the  records.  Everywhere 
except  in  Habana  city  the  marriage  rates  fell  slowly  after  1894  to  a  minimum 
reached  in  1897,  except  in  Santa  Clara,  where  the  rate  in  1898  was  somewhat 
lower. 

While  the  marriage  and  birth  rates  sank,  the  death  rates  rose  to  maxima  usually 
in  1897,  but  in  Habana  city  and  Santiago  the  maxima  were  in  1898.  The  fluctu- 
ations from  year  to  year  are  brought  out  clearly  in  the  diagram. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


720 


REPORT   ON   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1809. 


The  following  tables  give  the  retarns  of  births,  marriagee,  and  deaths  by  muaic* 
ipal  districts  as  reported  to  the  Director  of  the  Census.  No  retoms  by  districta 
were  received  for  Habana  proyince  outside  Habana  city,  or  for  Pinar  del  Rio: 

Birtfis,  1890-1899,  by  municipal  dittricU. 
HABANA. 


aty  of  Habana. 


1800. 


4,488 


1891. 


4,317 


1892. 


4.441 


180B. 


4,886 


1894. 


4,205 


1806. 


4,171 


1806. 


4,113 


1807.  I  1^. 


1800.     TotaL 


8,788  I  2,470 


PEOVINOE  OP  MATANZAS. 


4,181 


40.500 


Alacranes 

283 
IW 
399 
344 

53 
147 
700 
297 
150 
206 
130 
170 
375 
332 
157 
256 
141 
119 
468 
197 
063 
211 

62 
102 
207 

188 
153 
121 

307 
229 
473 
487 
60 
128 
703 
291 
179 
104 
150 
139 
303 
255 
238 
298 
IM 
105 
464 
164 
961 
208 
120 
122 
232 

160 
177 
131 

308 
211 
342 
3» 
124 
141 
652 
285 
153 
193 
122 
201 
348 
232 
232 
204 
125 
125 
305 
99 
809 
187 
89 
92 
168 

114 
51 
153 

4S4 
245 

428 
306 
110 
120 
657 
291 
176 
240 
205 
201 
306 
258 
291 
274 
155 
136 
304 
162 
921 
238 

m 

97 
118 

145 
96 
130 

356 
226 
318 
322 

90 
198 
667 
281 
142 
f^ 
W 
239 
204 
182 
287 
297 
103 

99 
304 
168 
967 
208 
101 
105 
103 

110 
199 
125 

::::::: 

313 
187 
226 
842 

85 
167 
600 
271 

82 
207 

05 
222 
147 
143 
253 
184 
126 

68 
175 
132 
960 
150 
108 

82 
129 

168 
lOS 
126 

170 
100 
84 
196 
9 
108 
550 
201 
J4 
204 
107 
86 
29 
58 
140 
129 
85 
58 
64 
50 
1,441 
02 
25 
50 
66 

32 
21 
128 

88 
56 
66 
70 
1 
41 

331 
60 
17 

130 
74 

115 
20 

127 
50 
01 
10 
12 
51 
63 

689 
12 
12 
34 
17 

78 
6 
64 

48 
41 
37 
24 

0 

0 

228 

18 

5 
84 
21 
66 
18 
86 
10 
43 

7 
16 
45 
16 
879 
19 

5 
20 

3 

26 

2 

2,208 
1,483 
2.373 
2,456 
5U 

Amarillari 

Bolondron 

Oftl^^WMI  , . 

Camarioca 

Canaal 

1,053 

Cardenas  

*4,0TS 

Ceiba  Mocha 

Cimar  ones 

1.005 
018 

Colon 

1.710 
1  040 

Cueritas . . 

Encomendador 

1.43) 
1,840 
1,<33 
1.676 
1,88S 
833 

Guamntas 

Jagney  Grande  — 
Jo\  ellanos.... 

lyA^nf  llan 

Macaflrna  -  ..... 

73S 

Macurises 

2.450 

Mangnito 

l,(»l 
8.00k) 

Matan74i«      ...    . . 

Palmllliw  ...     , . 

1.331 
63i 

Pertoo 

«7m 

Roqne 

Ban  Jo66  de  las  Ra- 
mos  

1.118 

1,011 
8S3 

Santa  Ana 

Union  de  Reyes  .... 

M.oas 

Total 

7,119 

7,300 

6,658 

7,247  1  7,089 

6,860 

4,287 

2,802 

1,276 

40, 007 

1  This  total  is  reported  as  4.982. 
•  This  total  is  reported  as  724. 


*  This  total  is  reported  as  1,126. 


PROVINCB  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


1888. 

1889. 

1800.  1 189L 

1 

1892. 

1893. 

1804. 

1805. 

1806. 

1807. 

1898. 

1800. 

Total. 

Puerto  Principe 

Nuevitas 

Minas 

1.199 
141 
86 
59 

1,101 
118 
97 
57 

1,111 

m 

87 

47 

1,067 

151 

8 

52 

1,008 
157 
87 
46 

998 

167 

175 

27 

6 

18 

83 

86 

242 

141 

217 

1,171 
201 
73 
31 
60 
22 
99 
66 
261 

986 

181 

66 

15 

15 

658 
105 
87 

408 
150 
81 

314 
79 
25 

115 
63 

50 

11.105 

1.77« 

785 

Caanao  

384 

8.  Jeronimo 

81 

LasYegnas 

BantaCrnz 

Cascorro 

17 
91 
42 
268 
130 
144 

33 
69 
57 
200 
254 
120 

23 
81 
93 
266 
236 
128 

26 
101 

72 
247 
148 
121 

83 
103 

71 
254 
114 
191 



172 

59 

41 

11 

15 

120 

27 

227 

801 

20 

883 

514 

Moron 

CioRodeAvila... 
Chambfts 

105 

277 
99 

87 
123 
18 

88 
120 

34 
75 

2.364 

2,185 
11244 

Total 

2,176 

2,166 

2,143  |1,993 

2,064 

2,160 

2,418 

1,808 

1,160 

888 

642 

2,021 

21,568 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX  XVin. 


721 


BirthSy  1890-1899,  by  municipal  dt«^ric^«^Contlntied. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


1889. 

180a 

1801. 

1802L 

180a 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1896. 

Total 

Alnrvtis ............. 

102 
lOtt 
208 
42 
196 
296 
SOU 
206 
0 
101 
838 
241 
160 
167 
222 

86 
96 
96 
68 
196 
831 
490 

«*0 
92 
824 
212 
148 
221 
205 

72 

76 

269 

47 

184 

257 

515 

260 

42 

95 

802 

268 

276 

178 

188 

78 
108 
97 
86 
222 
278 
600 
108 
70 
88 
830 
228 
242 
181 
151 

76 

98 

285 

44 

188 
281 
584 
175 
87 
122 
874 
228 
185 
178 
240 

75 

98 

83 

55 

211 

294 

667 

172 

79 

95 

782 

182 

148 

154 

228 

SO 

69 

0 

40 

289 

174 

560 

155 

58 

84 

696 

162 

62 

106 

146 

89 

888 

142 

14 

157 

1 

60 
8 
79 
68 
86 
86 
180 
419 

204 
81 
126 

169 
608 

79 
144 

87 

202 
706 

802 

m 

216 
890 
166 
487 
177 
68 
87 

65 
55 

270 
20 

284 
94 

891 
88 
48 
99 

728 
78 

141 
92 
15 
60 

281 
47 
2 
29 

""ft" 
4 

84 
16 
40 
76 
125 
229 

106 
47 

108 

281 
9 
78 

470 
81 

118 
10 

129 
407 

218 
261 
254 
482 
97 
288 
142 
14 
40 

23 

12 

101 

18 

221 

85 

812 

40 

20 

85 

668 

79 

104 

104 

0 

68 

166 

88 

7 

14 

7 

62 
1 
4 

20 
4 
41 
84 
116 

SO 
63 
99 
206 

8 
57 
872 

8 
77 

0 

41 
880 

166 
89 
874 
877 
88 
100 
106 
2 
19 

85 

4 

14 

10 

186 

19 

191 

9 

85 
58 
11 
85 
46 
8 
2 
10 

■"*"49' 

0 
0 
10 
8 
9 
87 
96 

82 
11 
83 
96 

0 
25 
198 

1 
24 

0 

14 
99 

62 

11 

187 

262 

123 

88 

58 

0 

25 

647 

AlvarwB.. ........... 

721 

Ban  Ao 

1,825 

OftbMniAn       .  .  ., 

865 

Calbarien 

2,018 

2054 

r!AfnA.4n&nf ......  ^ ,  -  ^ 

41700 

>  1,510 

Clbjicawl 

410 

Ciudlffa 

890 

ptAnfnMmH 

7,412 

Glfll6Dt68  ..........  . 

1,691 

CejadePaUo 

CrnoM 

1,497 
1486 

1405 
202 

TCfrnf^rania 

449 

168 

26 

180 

118 

62 

71 

116 

64 

86 

94 

215 

420 

894 
147 
186 
406 

m 

164 
611 
164 
244 
76 

264 
797 

272 
442 

662 
439 

40 
266 
206 

81 
124 

462 
180 

26 
204 
181 

81 

84 
189 

76 
117 

66 
216 
407 

877 
121 
172 
425 
120 
188 
600 
177 
282 
64 

278 
778 

860 
518 
581 
460 

54 
879 
152 

50 
185 

462 

177 
26 

180 

129 
64 
66 

149 
78 

185 
66 

217 

487 

866 
161 
VB^ 
856 
121 
162 
557 
149 
246 
86 

280 
786 

858 

518 
428 
895 
150 
846 
214 
65 
87 

407 
197 

19 
188 
128 

68 

64 
165 

72 
114 

89 
246 
627 

221 
185 
161 
889 
106 
148 
614 
163 
284 
57 

824 

827 

800 
644 

868 
488 
128 
451 
189 
229 
108 

454 

190 

118 
68 
41 

158 
78 

101 
60 

208 

491 

818 
122 
144 
800 
129 
119 
606 
185 
169 
80 

834 

575 

818 
486 
805 
488 

195 
498 
281 
222 
178 

25 
218 
146 

57 
181 
181 

72 

72 
102 
208 
500 

821 
119 
159 
851 
104 
197 
589 

14 
105 

67 

266 
780 

821 
238 
296 
414 
160 
833 
264 
184 
204 

8,607 

WnnMito 

n,20» 

Ooaniqiiical 

Ovinia  deMfarimdii'. 
Isabel  deSagoa.... 

158 
1,877 
768 
689 
465 

JJSI3!SS^.::::::: 

909 
584 

NeSa!^:::::::::: 

^ 

Palniarejo ...  ^  ^ .... . 

696 

Palmira 

1,786 
8,782 

2,887 
1.007 
1,814 

Placotas 

Qnemado  de  Ool- 
nea........ ........ 

RanchoVeloa 

Ranchndlo 

Romedio.  ^  ^ -.  ^  -  ^ .  ^  ^.- 

8,221 

800 

Rio  Dice 

Rodaa 

1.807 

Bancti  Bpirltns 

BanDie^     

•5,086 
4021 

San  Fernando 

Ban  Francisco 

San   Jnan   de    las 
Teras 

1,738 
477 

2,132 

Santa  Clara 

SanU  Isabel  de  las 
Lajas 

•6,167 

2.722 

Santo  Domingo 

Saffoa  la  Orande . . . 
Tnnidad 

8.441 
8487 
4.070 
1,151 
8,066 

Tuinucn ......  ...... 

Vneltas 

VamtaiaT.. 

1.788 
865 

Ygnara 

Tagnaramas 

947 

Total 

11.879 

11,692 

11,641 

U,»17 

11,682 

10,824 

9,202 

7,048 

5,046 

2,588 

96,009 

1  This  total  is  reported  as  1, 460. 

•  This  total  is  reported  as  1,269. 

•  This  total  is  reported  as  5,096. 

24662 i6 


*  This  total  is  reported  as  1,018. 

•  This  total  is  reported  as  6,U7. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


?22  BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

Births,  1^90-1899,  6y  municipal  di8trict9^Contiime&, 

PBOVmCB  OF  8ANTIAOO. 

[If  nnidpal  dlstriots  marked  thus  (^)  tend  no  retnms  for  these  taUes.    From  districts  mariced 
thoM  (t>  rettims  »re  certainly  incomplete.   From  districts  i 


incomplete.] 


I  ms^ed  thus  (t)  tliey  are  probablj 


1MB. 

188i. 

18Qa 

1891. 

1868. 

1808. 

1894. 

1805. 

1806. 

1897. 

1806. 

1800. 

Total 

AltoSongo 

468 

US 
140 

M8 

4ftl 

la 

168 
216 

488 
4M 
160 
121 
248 

487 
566 

176 
126 
260 

468 
660 
06 
118 
288 

447 
476 
118 
94 
160 

886 
684 
109 
109 
162 

175 

807 

74 

22 
98 

87 
174 
150 
26 
92 

88 

69 
96 
10 
85 

34 
17 
24 
8 

17 

69 
819 
100 
84 
82 

8,898 

4.S38 

Bayamo^ 

1  m 

Campecbuela 

1.011 
1,799 

Cobre* 

Criiito* 

Gibarat 

1,785 

Ouantanamo  X 

HolKuin 

Jlimsni^ 

600 
185 

586 
173 

806 
169 

804 
152 

1,027 
104 

726 
126 

491 
118 

845 
127 

268 
124 

147 
118 

608 

50 

884 

186 

6,048 
1,027 

ManzaniUot 

Mayarit   

681 

791 

480 

1,008 

687 

749 

788 

642 

264 

204 

166 

857 
56 
125 

427 

7,284 
66 

Nlqnerot 

126 

PalmaSoriana 

Puerto  Padre* 

177 

aso 

488 

428 

420 

458 

891 

146 

53 

40 

82 

3.401 

Safirna  de  Tanamo . 

BanT.nlfi 

Santiago  de  Cnba  t 

880 

270 
478 

220 
810 

190 
318 

214 
408 

222 
310 

249 
209 

180 

78 

44 

47 

24 

40 

U 
18 

61 
160 

1.860 
2.8(a 

Total...  . 

3,883 

4,124 

4,019 

4,476 

4,384 

8,894 

3,481 

2,144 

1,209 

811 

974 

2.820 

37.968 

Marriages  1890-1899  by  municipal  districts, 
HABANA. 


1800. 

1891. 

1892. 

1808. 

1804.   1  1895. 

1806. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

TotaL 

Oityof  Habana 

053 

996 

1,000 

1.082 

866  1      901 

958 

821 

861 

1.188 

9.586 

PROVINCE  OP  MATANZAS. 


1888. 

1890. 

1801. 

1892. 

1898. 

1894. 

1806. 

1806. 

1897. 

1888. 

Total, 

Alarranes  . 

20 
88 
82 
90 
20 
20 
100 
25 
10 
27 

1 

12 
50 
17 
85 
22 

6 
20 
34 
45 
167 
23 
32 

1 
33 

15 
3 
13 

45 
43 
40 
75 
14 
14 
91 
26 
38 
41 
8 
19 
46 
42 

105 
29 
23 
21 
60 
34 

192 
26 
6 
10 
20 

20 

26 

9 

60 
66 
48 
72 
44 
16 
60 
84 
46 
52 

2 
20 
67 
49 
72 
19 
23 
17 
50 

6 

222 

24 

28 

6 
44 

16 
22 
12 

65 
47 
87 
81 
40 
23 
95 
26 
46 
40 

0 
21 
52 
30 
91 
39 
22 
22 
64 

6 

216 

24 

30 

8 
30 

32 
39 
5 

50 
84 
46 
65 
28 
45 
87 
26 
19 
40 

4 
26 
57 
25 
53 
25 
24 
13 
52 

4 
233 
23 
86 

0 
80 

-58 

28 
31 
40 
40 
24 
28 
64 
16 

5 
17 

8 
24 
28 
20 
40 
17 
27 
18 
28 

8 

186 

17 

6 

4 
17 

30 
28 
12 

0 
12 
4 
17 
1 
5 
51 
6 
7 
15 
0 
2 
7 
1 
5 
8 
2 
6 
8 
0 
106 
10 
10 
5 
8 

8 
4 

2 

88 
12 

128 

2 

7 
4 

2 

10 
8 

U 

18 
0 
0 

27 
1 
2 

12 
6 

12 
5 

11 

12 
9 
0 
9 

12 
2 
106 
9 
1 
9 
1 

14 

1 
7 

291 

AmAniliM           .      . 

265 

Bolondron .......... 

264 

CnheKsa 

408 

Camarioca 

m 

Oanasi 

147 

Cardenas  

ess 

Celba  Mocha 

Cimarones 

156 
176 

Colon 

266 

Cnevltas 

25 

Encomendador 

OuAmaoara 

136 
«817 

208 

Jaguey  Grande 

Jovellanoe 

416 
174 

TjJtgllTI'tllftg  . 

127 

Macagua 

127 

Macanges 

ao6 

Manguito 

108 

Matanzas 

1,547 

Maximo  Gomez  .... 

Pftlmillfw 

160 
160 

Perico 

44 

Roque 

*UM 

San    Joe6    de    los 
Ramas 

199 

Santa  Ana 

48  1 

18   

166 

Unidnde  Reyes 

75 

Total 

91» 

1,107 

1,204 

1,244 

1,157 

791 

810 

251 

807 

7  290 

1  This  total  is  reported  as  318. 


3  This  total  is  reported  as  184. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPENDIX   XVIU. 


728 


Births,  1890^1899,  hff  municipal  dis^ricf^— Contixitied, 
PBOVINCB  OP  PUKBTO  PRINCIPE. 


1888. 

1880. 

isoa 

1891. 

1802. 

18Qa 

1894. 

1896. 

1896. 

1897. 

1806. 

1899. 

Total 

Puerto  Prlnolpe. . . 
NueTitos 

206 
24 
10 
8 

227 
17 
6 
2 

880 

27 
10 

4 

280 

86 

...... 

8 

1 
23 

208 
82 
7 
12 
18 

"'i2 

283 

89 

14 

2 

9 

4 

16 

215 
84 
10 
6 

8 

4 
9 

205 
86 

8 

1 

142 
22 
2 

86 
18 
2 

167 

22 

2 

188 
24 
20 
3 

2,441 
831 

IfinAH. 

91 

CftQDBO ...r 

42 

San  JeiySoimo 

88 

Las  Yegoas 

Santa  Cruz  del  Bur 

8 
18 

'"is 

1 
13 

13 

16 
6 
85 
81 
5 

4 

5 

1 

20 
1 

87 
19 
2 

156 

7 

Mor6xi 

44 

20 
20 

38 

87 
23 

28 
84 
12 

26 
48 
17 

47 
88 

27 

27 
45 
15 

26 
42 
12 

5 
20 

1 

12 

28 

8 
28 

882 

CiadaddeAvila... 
Kyhamban. ...  

885 

134 

Total 

848 

368 

468 

888 

401 

404 

865 

348 

196 

151 

228 

809 

3,969 

PEOVTNCB  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

^ 

1808. 

1894. 

1896. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

J^lyi^^^K           , .__ 

20 
15 
20 

3 
U 
42 
50 
18 

0 
12 
110 
26 
50 

9 
37 

21 
21 
28 
2 
44 
78 
79 
71 

•  0 
12 

194 
90 
28 
23 
45 

14 
28 
21 

I 

43 
64 
88 
58 

3 
24 
163 
61 
71 
22 
46 

81 
30 
21 
2 
60 
90 
98 
56 
19 
28 
173 
180 
67 
12 
66 

26 
21 
22 
6 
46 
78 
66 
56 
8 
17 
166 
111 
60 
82 
76 

20 
38 
13 
2 
41 

IS 

49 
10 
20 
182 
71 
84 
19 
46 

7 
17 
14 

5 
27 
12 
41 
49 

8 
11 
184 
68 
18 
24 
48 

5 
92 
82 

8 

5 

4 

2 

16 
0 
18 

il 

12 

8 

15 

186 

28 

il 

1 
1 
38 
8 
0 
0 

15 
2 

18 
0 

20 
5 

21 
8 
4 

10 

121 

9 

14 
8 
1 

10 

16 

5' 

0 

15 
0 

21 
2 

20 
5 

21 
2 
2 
8 

96 

10 
7 

18 
4 
5 

10 
3 
0 
8 

178 

Alyarea. -....• ...... 

169 

Banao 

184 

CabaflToan.....'.  ^-^- 

28 

Csdbtaien  

m 

>484 

642 

808 

Owu^^S 

57 

f^irima 

167 

Oienfaeflros ...... 

1,427 

Ctfuentee ........... 

^6^ 

OejadePaWo 

iJtJlC98    -. 

857 
>186 

Ciunanairaffna 

^IncniciJa^ ........ 

843 
21 

Bsneranza..  ... 

86 

26 

5 

13 

9 

0 

1 

U 

12 

5 

10 

18 

77 

87 
16 
80 
50 
10 
19 
116 
19 
28 
6 

88 
252 

40 
117 

05 

81 
2 

12 
7 
0 

22 

186 
22 

1 
17 

8 

5 
14 
20 
17 

1 

12 
27 
109 

91 
11 
25 
97 
14 
18 
189 
10 
45 
5 

32 
227 

90 
80 
100 
89 
0 
106 
85 
0 
12 

129 
29 

8 
18 
16 

6 
10 
17 

7 

14 

12 

26 

110 

112 
12 
23 
08 
10 
19 

118 
19 
75 
12 

49 
224 

68 
117 
82 
91 
10 
124 
84 
7 
5 

106 
52 

8 
16 
26 

4 
24 
21 

4 

7 

84 
64 
128 

92 
26 
21 
96 

22 

17 

lOBI 

25 

58 
9 

44 

208 

60 
113 
78 
85 
25 
146 
26 
9 
27 

110 
40 

8 
U 

0 

5 
18 
51 
11 

4 
17 
55 
96 

m 

24 
16 
89 
26 
26 
108 
18 
55 
6 

41 
167 

82 
102 
82 
95 
28 
114 
88 
10 
12 

92 
80 
2 
11 

813 

FomePtrt    --  

236 

Ouanlqulcal 

Onelra 

OiiItiIa  (1a  ^1i*andH 

26 

laabeladeSagna... 
Jibaro    

7 
16 
16 
6 
8 
4 
29 
77 

83 
18 
22 
54 
18 
86 
117 

9 
43 

4 

42 

127 

60 
69 
66 
86 
12 
72 
26 
6 
27 

i' 

7 

10 
8 
7 
4 
25 
57 

49 

8 
17 
46 

5 
24 
66 

8 
34 

4 

15 

128 

87 
89 
58 
44 

8 
85 
24 

0 
21 

8 
0 

4 

1 

0 

2 
18 
32 

23 

0 
18 
24. 

6 
15 
62 

3 
23 

1 

10 
lOi 

25 

28 
32 
66 
0 
46 
15 
0 
1 

9 
0 
0 
2 
0 
1 
9 
17 

7 
11 
12 
17 

0 
12 
51 

6 
56 

0 

8 
00 

14 
20 
29 
56 
0 
16 
7 
0 
0 

7 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
9 
28 

9 

11 

18 

14 

2 

14 

46 

2 

3 

0 

6 
82 

22 
9 

37 

27 
5 

13 
9 
0 
0 

60 
98 

Manicaragaa 

MavaiinnA 

160 
68 

jBa^iqua.......... 

46 

Palmarejo  - 

90 

270 

Placotas  

726 

Quemados   de 
QtLines 

664 

RanchoVeloz 

Ranchnelo 

187 
192 

Remedios........... 

688 

Rio  Dice 

Bodas 

107 
200 

Sanctl-Spiritofl 

Ban  Di«go  X.-,.,   ,   . 

919 
118 

tian  Fex^oando 

San  Francisco 

San  Joan    de    las 
Teras  

419 

47 

280 

Santa  Clara 

SanU  Isabel  de  las 

Lajas 

Santo  Domingo 

Sagoa la Orande  ... 
Tmldad 

1,620 

488 
684 
668 

720 

Tolnucn 

85 

Vn^ltiw     

788 

Yagnajay 

1^6 

Ygnara .'. 

«88 

IJignaramas 

127 

Total 

1.788 

2,346 

2,408 

2,618 

2,446 

1,880 

1,445 

882 

680 

580 

17,026 

1  This  total  is  reported  as  433. 
'  This  total  is  reported  as  60L 


'  This  total  is  reported  as  266. 
*  This  total  is  reported  as  88. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


724 


BEPOBT   ON  THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1899. 


Deaths,  1890-1899 ,  by  muncipal  dt9<rtc^«— Continiied. 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 

[Manicipal  districts  marked  (*)  send  no  retnms  for  these  tables.    From  districts  marked  (t) 
returns  are  certainly  incomplete.    From  districts  marked  ($)  they  are  probably  incomplete.] 


1888. 

1880. 

1800. 

1801. 

1802. 

1898. 

1804. 

1805. 

1806. 

1807. 

1806. 

1890. 

TotaL 

Alto  Bongo 

Baraooa 

23 
90 

22 
95 

22 

112 

85 
94 

57 
84 

86 
02 

41 
66 

8 
81 

5 

10 

2 

8 

4 

8 

25 
43 

280 
732 

Bayamo* . 

Oampechuela 

Caney... 

15 
25 

7 
25 

22 
81 

40 
17 

6 
87 

18 
84 

10 
17 

8 
10 

2 
6 

1 
2 

0 
0 

23 

14 

156 
227 

c^Sk::::::::::: 

Cristo* 

Qibarat 

45ft 

Onantanamo  t '  -  •  • 
Holffuin 

86 
65 

05 
45 

128 

78 

89 
87 

101 
80 

106 
44 

117 
70 

84 
54 

42 
44 

21 
25 

85 
26 

76 
162 

075 
790 

Jiffnanl^ 

Mansanillot 

Mayarlt .. 

75 

52 

108 

01 

150 

126 

120 

04 

81 

57 

40 

64 

1,001 
*«0 

Niauerot 

10 
16 

10 

Palma  Soriano... 

40 

86 

48 

88 

85 

48 

40 

25 

8 

4 

10 

aa 

San  Luis .' 

Santiago  de  Caba  t 

44 
SB 

15 
25 

51 
68 

21 
162 

41 
82 

85 
84 

28 
80 

23 
17 

8 
11 

5 

1 

8 

7 

20 
18 

204 
4I» 

Total 

485 

427 

642 

614 

628 

668 

665 

866 

212 

126 

142 

471 

6,754 

>  Record  for  1806  and  1800  not  separated. 

Deaths  1890-1900  by  municipal  districts, 

HABANA. 


18M. 

1801. 

1802. 

1893. 

1804. 

1806. 

1896. 

1807. 

1896. 

1890. 

TotaL 

H»lMUi»Clt7> 

7,482 

7,105 

7.185 

6,881 

6,780 

7,410 

11,728 

18,128 

21,285 

8,153 

101.092 

>  The  foregoing  are  the  official  flgores  for  the  decade,  as  published  in  the  report  of  MaJ.  J.  G. 
Dayis.  We  naye  also  reoeiyed  in  manuscript  the  deith  record  for  the  city  of  Habana,  including 
Puentes  Grandes,  as  follows: 

1880 7,500 

1801 7.210 

1802 7,201 

1808 6,647 

1804 7.108 

1805 7.382 

1806 11,768 

1807 18,085 

1808 21,266 

1890 8,156 

MATANZAS. 


Alacranes 

Amarillas - 

Bolondron..... 

Cabesas , 

Camarioca 

Canasi 

Cardenas  

Ceiba  Mocha... 

Cimarrones 

Col6n 

Cueyltas , 

Encomendador. 

Guamacara 

Guamutas 

JagHey  Grande, 

Joyellanos 

Lagunillas 

Macagua 

Macuriges , 


287 

'   261 

272 

307 

185 

123 

116 

119 

801 

430 

381 

398 

108 

226 

155 

196 

87 

42 

62 

62 

84 

87 

84 

100 

076 

711 

688 

730 

142 

150 

135 

166 

184 

179 

139 

215 

261 

801 

269 

363 

130 

129 

141 

165 

120 

155 

141 

220 

285 

310 

226 

800 

206 

262 

202 

202 

111 

136 

145 

141 

207 

867 

317 

405 

129 

105 

97 

122 

108 

102 

117 

104 

428 

483 

379 

379 

281 
130 
404 
214 
61 
101 
722 
125 
172 
440 
125 
105 
268 
211 
134 
816 
104 
158 
383 



281 

437 

1,351 

875 

106 

272 

710 

408 

846 

868 

887 

800 

101 

882 

1,652 

732 

48 

13 

63 

5 

118 

164 

85 

0 

751 

1,288 

8,112 

2,182 

128 

2C7 

1,218 

538 

163 

132 

260 

161 

574 

1,219 

1,868 

067 

132 

283 

580 

246 

247 

180 

623 

438 

107 

lie 

163 

643 

191 

08 

808 

804 

147 

305 

1,110 

286 

331 

400 

1.004 

670 

126 

42 

88 

26 

114 

Z12 

170 

160 

357 

467 

601 

546 

4.2S2 

2.114 

4,3» 

8,946 

9BS 

766 

10.705 

2.8Q0 

1.614 

5,781 

1.800 

2,826 

2,581 

2,074 

2.«16 

4,187 

783 

1,840 

4.008 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


APPBiroiX  XVlll. 


725 


DeatJis  1890^1900  by  municipal  districts — Continned. 
MATAJSrZAS— Continued. 


1880. 

1800. 

1801. 

1802: 

1808. 

1804. 

1805. 

1806. 

1807. 

1806. 

Total 

Mftncfn^^ 

182 
1,280 

187 
58 
00 

1B4 

153 
04 
111 

183 
1,168 

176 
00 
00 

168 

182 
100 
115 

128 
1,180 
157 
75 
182 
142 

151 
86 
190 

158 
1.863 
187 
88 
100 
120 

201 
128 
148 

145 
1,8^ 
108 
88 
101 
106 

100 
151 
171 

140 
1,406 
163 
77 
182 
110 

217 
08 
161 

140 

57 
187 
50 

866 

81 
828 

416 
6,720 
880 
14 
361 
145 

206 
817 

868 

264 
5,072 
330 
20 
241 
156 

326 
250 
578 

1.756 

22,762 

2,542 

541 

M^tMllSAff 

Maximo  Oomez.... 
Palintllas 

Perloo 

U  803 

Boqne - 

1,100 

1,903 
1,318 
2,616 

San    J0116    de    lop 
BamoB 

Siintft  Ana 

Union  de  Reyes.... 

Total 

6,a7 

0,818 

6,202 

7,181 

7,017 

7,006 

10,404  25,847 

18,088 

04.42 

*  This  total  is  reported  as  1,463. 

The  geographical  divisions  named  here  and  in  the  Santa  Clara  tables  differ  in 
many  instances  from  those  in  the  Official  Bulletin.  It  has  been  found  impossible 
fully  to  harmonize  them. 

PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


1888. 

1880. 

1800. 

1891. 

1892. 

189a 

1804. 

1805. 

1896. 

1807. 

1806. 

1899. 

Total. 

Puerto  Principe.. 
Nnevitas 

781 
88 
40 
9 

776 

68 

66 

7 

875 
72 
82 
11 

864 
06 
11 
11 

770 
80 
64 
10 
14 
8 
81 
18 
87 
61 
88 

762 
77 
70 

6 
13 

3 
28 
11 
76 
40 
46 

747 

86 

34 

4 

6 

8 

21 

7 

83 
85 
64 

1.736 
143 
60 

1 

1,880 
206 

28 

1,344 
167 
16 

1,897 
212 
62 

1,381 

161 

67 

0 

12,752 

1,446 

589 

Oannao ....-  

67 

San  Jeroniino  r .  - 

88 

LaaYeffOBs 

Santa  Cruz 

Cancorro 

4 

81 
18 
96 
68 
26 

1 

20 
16 
76 
104 
26 

3 
48 
14 
113 
71 
26 

4 

26 
12 
66 
60 
80 

81 

110 

62 

46 

69 

83 
6 

104 
145 

1 

518 
06 

Mor6n 

CindaddeAvila.. 
Ohamban 

101 
168 
36 

106 
648 
23 

624 

1,210 
40 

840 

808 

12 

1,860 

3,480 

366 

Total 

1,117 

1,146 

1,265 

1,168 

1,181 

1,138 

1,135 

2,363 

2,581 

3,365 

2,875 

1.007 

21,186 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


1880. 

1890. 

1801. 

1892. 

112 
33 
54 
10 
148 
224 
242 
156 
67 
59 
1,174 
105 
172 
136 
80 

91 

86 

46 

6 

143 

209 

279 

111 

59 

43 

1.023 

199 

206 

148 

83 

82 

86 

60 

2 

184 

166 

340 

114 

64 

57 

1,081 

170 

130 

142 

84 

46 

201 

181 

3 

108 

Abrens . 

107 
30 
67 
6 
85 
244 
213 
157 
0 
37 
801 
172 
116 
167 
82 

121 
32 
73 
10 
05 
234 
248 
176 
0 
52 
034 
153 
152 
190 
106 

107 
2n 
66 
7 
128 
223 
250 
107 
29 
87 
798 
247 
200 
178 
83 

121 

41 

67 

13 

109 

188 

216 

106 

67 

42 

905 

184 

206 

166 

73 

130 

52 

72 

17 

290 

154 

607 

148 

128 

70 

2,474 

256 

168 

834 

90 

110 

282 

65 

0 

63 

Alvarez. ...... . 

HAnao 

Oaba^tian 

Caibarien 

CalabAKAr 

Oamajuani  ..-.. 

Cartagena 

Cascalal...! 

Casilda 

Cienfuegos ....  ..  . 

Cif  nen  tes 

Cejade  Pablo 

Cmoes - 

Cumanayagna 

RnrrmcifadA  -  - . 

Esperanza 

185 
41 

7 

n 

87 
81 
20 
50 
21 
7 

201 
40 
8 
04 
86 
43 
17 
83 
87 
25 

220 
58 
4 
89 
21 
40 
49 
73 
26 
19 

183 

62 

4 

107 
26 
30 
19 
78 
18 
23 

205 
64 
2 
87 
84 
49 
16 
78 
14 
13 

202 

51 

4 
96 

Fomento. .......... . 

Ouaniqoical 

Qneria. ............. 

I^ninlit,  Att  lUtiruTiAtL 

Isabel  deSagna 

Jibaro 

86 
86 
86 
14 
15 

40 
87 
85 
27 
36 

47 
14 
116 
15 
9 

Manicaragna 

MayaJiffua 

mrH^.::: 

347 

214 

196 

183 

81 

96 

21 

18 

404 

582 

1,454 

557 

1,624 

1,073 

656 

250 

850 

345 

277 

893 

2.665 

4,317 

1.479 

778 

466 

563 

1,078 

1,338 

237 

138 

802 

707 

S.030 

041 

219 

330 

11 

8 

81 

186 

122 

27 

187 

213 

11 

9 

856 

21 

175 

39 

0 

0 

1,438 

656 

682 

100 

2.168 

8,653 

6.002 

U.888 

1,100 

1.067 

16,117 

«3,833 

2.390 

8,886 

1,016 

1,766 

4,660 

1.101 

•46 

075 

803 

716 

2SB 

«1,Q24 

886 

146 


1  This  total  is  reported  as  1,898. 
•  This  total  is  reported  as  8,828. 


*  This  total  is  reportedas  47. 
4  This  total  is  reported  as  1.224. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


726  BFPOBT  ON  THB  0ENSU8  OP  CUBA,  1899. 

DecUha  1890-1900  by  municipal  dittricU—ConttnxiBd, 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLABA-Coatiim«d. 


1880. 

180a 

1801. 

1802. 

1808. 

1804. 

1805. 

1806. 

1807. 

1808. 

TotaL 

PftlmArejo 

144 
126 

»6 

60 

86 

S6B 

56 

209 

967 

106 

79 

88 

104 
810 

lao 

233 

404 

aae 

4 
224 

85 

1 

96 

88 

196 
180 

277 
87 
100 

m 

67 
212 
456 
94 
87 
20 

108 

804 

173 
244 
432 
861 

20 

242 

147 

6 

76 

20 
132 
179 

204 
124 
115 
334 
80 
178 
466 
128 
86 
27 

96 
720 

152 
207 
621 
829 
41 
282 
158 
10 
97 

61 

178 
200 

271 
127 
ISO 
318 

66 
189 
606 
104 
102 

25 

131 
512 

188 
291 

51:3 

479 

45 

254 

138 

68 

225 

38 
164 
210 

327 
138 
155 
228 

71 
230 
458 
106 
123 

21 

133 
633 

196 
281 
572 
421 
62 
244 
184 
15 
72 

51 
144 
194 

289 
179 
164 
274 
77 
170 
606 
117 
90 
84 

144 
701 

218 
295 
648 
841 
64 
287 
152 
6 
112 

47 
107 

272 

388 

153 
116 
880 
61 

128 

106 
30 

128 
866 

200 
830 
681 
868 

78 
204 
142 

80 
114 

47 
211 

438 

404 
178 
175 
795 

76 

220 

1.060 

80 
228 

11 

177 
1.400 

258 
464 

42 

407 

243 

2 

150 

873 

617 
879 

2.0G0 
574 

2,172 

1,021 
179 
608 

2,600 

434 

413 

1 

1,048 
6,840 

1,818 

534 

2,436 

1,461 

17 

8,068 

449 

82 

546 

852 

906 

l.«B 

1,288 
6U 

1^583 

1.477 
208 
666 

3,801 

146 

425 

2 

514 
4,868 

^S 
2,246 

1,843 

782 

16 

886 

L(M6> 

pifrlmlr#' 

2.728 

Placetas 

lies 

4,17» 
5,798 

BancboVelos 

BftDchaelo .— . 

2^» 
4.75S 

Bemedlos -...— 

5^407 

Bio  Dice 

hoao 

Bodas 

SanctiSpiritos 

San  Plf^go 

itsoi 
i,4as 

San  Fernando 

SanFranciBoo 

San   Joan   de  laa 
Yeraa 

3,478 

Santa  Clara 

BanUlaabeldelaa 
lAjaa            .  .... 

18,844 
4.  TOO 

San  to  Domingo 

Saffna  U  Oranda . . . 
Tmidad 

rlsia 

Tninnm »....» 

380 

Vaeltas 

ft.  500 

VafftialaT  .......... 

17» 

Tguara 

Yagnaramas 

1,880 

Total 

7,064 

7.975 

7.964 

8,U7 

8,422 

8,427 

0.700 

14,740 

46,477  40,885 

160,700 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 

[Mtmiolpal  districts  marked  thus  (*)  send  no  returns  for  these  tables.  From  districts  marked 
thos  (t)  returns  are  certainly  Incomplete.  From  districts  marked  thos  (t)  they  are  probably' 
Inoomidete.] 


1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1802.* 

1806. 

1804. 

1805. 

1806. 

1807. 

1808. 

180O. 

To- 
taL 

AltoSongo 

Baracoa 

175 

96 
«8 

147 
824 
116 
141 
94 

196 
282 
132 
113 
131 

154 
868 

94 

79 

210 

160 
817 
85 
7 
206 

138 
246 
88 
40 
106 

166 
278 
100 
56 
60 

287 

387 

80 

27 
100 

152 
684 
887 
72 
268 

181 
796 
518 

71 
216 
218 

125 

206 

74 

1.840 
4,608 

630 

Bayamo  • 

Campechnela 

aSfyvr.™..::: 

279 

804 

62 

1.914' 

Cobre* 

Cri«to» 

GHbarat 

ji,iao 

0,239 
4,548 

Holfl^lln . 

...        . 

472 
136 

684 

127 

494 
124 

518 
196 

493 
100 

421 
118 

625 
104 

871 
800 

1,474 
464 

1.578 
1,148 

1,279 
1.482 

500 
196 

Jignani* 

ManzanUlot 

Mayarit 

605 

663 

440 

372 

466 

447 

530 

1,087 

1.385 

492 

1,948 

675 

O.OOT 
^100 

Niquerot 

45 
168 

45 

Palma  Soriano.... 
Puerto  Padre* ... 

80 

71 

247 

170 

184 

104 

162 

218 

197 

225 

U6 

1.950 

Sasrua  de  T&namo 

San  Luis 

Santiago  deCubat 

76 

148 

1.187 

80 

170 

1.167 

69 

126 

1.009 

86 

155 

1.374 

61 

190 

1,009 

67 

156 

1,187 

68 

146 

1.061 

264 
78 

2.810 

670 

164 

4.012 

176 

142 

4,497 

160 

247 

6,017 

85 

120 

n,196 

1,B4& 
1,846 
26,57^ 

Total 

8.542 

8.614 

8.309 

8,76U 

8,824 

8,160 

3.324 

6,628 

0.804 

9,971 

12,063 

8,604 

00,280- 

i  For  1898-09. 


«Jan.l-OcL3L 


Digitized  by 


Google 


APPENDIX  XIX.  727 

APPENDIX  XIX. 
POPULATION. » 

The  population  of  Caba  in  1511,  when  Diego  Velasqnez  came  from  Santo  Domingo 
with  800  colonists,  can  not  be  determined.  To  search  through  the  scanty  records 
which  remain  in  the  archives  of  the  Indies  at  Seville  wonld  be  in  vain;  nor  is  the 
information  to  be  f onnd  in  the  Decades  of  Herrera,  the  Chronicles  of  Oviedo,  of 
Gkymarra,  of  Bemal  Diaz  of  Castile,  or  in  any  other  books  of  the  time.  Some 
estimated  the  population  at  200,000,  others  at  300,000,  others  thought  it  still  more; 
but  all  agreed  that  the  Indians  were  not  adapted  to  labor  in  the  fields  and  mines, 
and  that  they  were  rapidly  disappearing.  This  occurred  in  spite  of  the  personal 
freedom  authorized  by  several  royal  decrees  and  recognized  soon  after  in  the  grants 
of  vassals  (encomiendas)  and  in  spite  of  the  first  code  of  laws  of  the  Indies*  which 
went  into  effect  in  Cuba  in  1543.  From  various  reports  of  the  grants  {encomiendas) 
made  by  Velasquez  it  can  be  inferred  that  they  had  at  that  early  period  some  15,0i(}0 
Indian  vassals.  The  disappearance  of  those  Indians,  the  causes  of  which  have  been 
much  exaggerated  by  some  foreign  writers,  could  not  have  been  so  complete  and 
rapid  as  supposed,  when  more  than  seventy  years  after  the  conquest  the  towns  of 
Gobre  and  Guanabacoa  were  founded  by  the  survivors.  Even  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  too,  there  still  existed  near  Bayamon  the  village  of  Pueblo  Viejo  with  a 
population  descended  exclusively  from  aborigines. 

In  a  letter  to  the  King  in  1522  a  lawyer  named  Valdillo,  resident  judge  of  the 
second  Governor,  Gtonzalo  de  Guzman,'  stated  that  there  were  some  5,000  natives 
in  the  whole  island,  and  about  500  African  negroes,  including  in  this  number  120 
who  had  arrived  only  a  f^w  months  before.  Valdillo  added  that  he  had  not  ascer- 
tained the  number  of  Spaniards,  but  it  is  evident  from  previous  letters  that  the 
Spanish  inhabitants  of  Santiago  did  not  exceed  80. 

In  1528  there  were  no  more  than  that  in  Habana,  and  there  were  still  fewer  in 
the  other  villages,  Baracoa,  the  oldest  of  them,  being  almost  depopulated.  From 
another  letter  written  by  the  royal  treasurer  July  0, 1532,  and  preserved  in  the 
same  volume,'  we  infer  that  there  were  at  that  time  some  300  Spaniards  on  the 
island,  probably  5,000  Indians,  and  about  as  many  negroes  as  indicated  by  Valdillo. 
According  to  another  letter  written  by  Gonzalo  de  Guzman  February  5, 1537,^  the 
city  of  Santiago  had  for  two  years  supplied  the  wants  of  the  vessels  which  were 
plying  between  thePeninsula,  Santo  Domingo,  and  the  Spanish  Main. 

Our  want  of  reliable  records  thus  makes  it  impossible  for  us  to  estimate  the  native 
population  of  Cuba.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  that  early  race  has  disappeared,  has 
been  absorbed  by  that  other  race  which  early  in  the  sixteenth  century  attempted 
the  civilization  of  the  world.  Let  us  turn  our  attention  to  problems,  for  the 
solution  of  which  we  have  more  data. 

Accounts  say  that  in  1511,  soon  after  Velasquez  had  arrived  in  Cuba  with  his 
300  Spaniards,  as  stated  above,  a  multitude  of  colonists  came  from  Santo  Domingo, 
Jamaica,  and  Darlen,  and  settled  in  the  oldest  towns  of  the  island.  They  were  at 
variance  with  the  governors  of  those  colonies,  and  had  been  attracted  to  Cuba  by 
reports  of  Velasquez's  idndness  to  his  subordinates,  as  well  as  by  the  fertility  of  a  soil 
said  to  be  as  suitable  for  cattle-raising  as  for  cultivation.  Their  number  could  not 
have  been  ccmsiderable,  since  in  1515  the  whole  number  of  Spaniards  in  the  New 

'  Free  and  somewhat  abridged  translation  of  article  *'  Population  "  in  Pezuela's 
Dictionary  of  Cuba,  with  omission  of  the  tables. 

<  See  eighty-seventh  volume  of  the  Munoz  Collection  in  the  library  of  The  Acad- 
emy of  History  at  Madrid. 

'Eighty-seventh  volume  Munoz  collection. 

4 Eighty-first  volume  Mlmoz  collection. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


728  BBPOST  ON  THE  CENSUS  OP  CUBA,  1899. 

World  was  scarcel  j  10,000,  and  the  fint  oolcmial  genenition  had  not  then  had  thne 
to  moltiply. 

Those  who  helped  to  swell  the  population  of  Cuba  in  the  early  years  were,  hov- 
ever,  so  nomeroos  that  Francisoo  Fernandez  de  Cordova  conld  take  from  Ustowin 
more  than  200  men  on  his  expedition  to  Tncatan  in  1517,  oonld  lose  nearly  100  in 
his  luckless  yentnre,  and  yet  two  years  later  Jnan  de  Grijalva  coold  sscore  more 
than  800  with  whom  to  reoonnoiter  the  Mexican  coast.  In  the  following  yeu 
Cortez  also  took  from  Cuba  617  men,  with  whom  he  achieved  the  incredible  con- 
qnest  of  the  Mexican  Empire.  Snppoeiiig  that  there  remained  in  the  couitTT 
twice  as  many  colonists  who  preferred  the  tranquil  lot  which  the  cnltiTatioii  of 
their  estates  promised  to  any  snch  hazardous  adventures,  it  is  estimated  that  more 
than  a  thousand  Spaniards  stayed  in  Cuba  while  that  gigantic  conquest  was  going 
on.  This  estimate  will  not  appear  excessive  if  one  bears  in  mind  the  fact  that  on 
learning  that  his  disloyal  general,  Cortez,  had  cast  off  his  allegiance,  Velasquez 
dispatched  a  year  later  another  expedition  to  subdue  him,  which  consisted  of  1,000 
fighters,  not  counting  the  crews  of  the  ships.  Taking  the  same  basis  that  we  had 
for  our  first  surmise,  we  can  calculate  that  at  the  death  of  Velasquez,  whidi 
occurred  in  1512,  there  were  some  2,000  Castiliaas  distributed  in  the  Cuban  towns 
which  he  had  founded. 

Many  circumstances  combined  to  reduce  their  numbers,  chiefly  the  fact  that 
women  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  men  had  not  come  to  the  new  possessioQa. 
For  the  aggrandizement  and  the  wealth  of  the  Spanish  power  two  immeott 
empires  were  laid  low,  that  of  the  Incas  and  that  of  Anahuac.  Fancy  wai 
inflamed  by  the  flrst  fruits  of  a  conquest  made  by  means  that  nowadays  weald 
not  suffice  for  the  taking  of  a  plaza  or  a  province.  The  wonders  and  the  traasores 
of  those  regions  were  exaggerated,  and  Spaniards  hastened  thither  to  make  easy 
fortunes.  Only  the  first  founders  remained  in  the  early  colonies  of  Cuba,  Jamuca, 
and  Santo  Domingo— those  who  had  already  made  their  fortunes  and  had  thor 
grants  of  vassals  (eneomiendcu)  or  those  who  on  account  of  old  age  preferred  quiet 
traffic  in  produce  and  in  cattle  to  the  dangers  and  fatigues  of  such  ventuei 
with  their  uncertain  outcome.  The  abolition  of  the  grants  of  Indian  vassal^  a 
humane,  although  tardy,  measure  by  which  the  Crown  sought  the  preservattoD 
of  the  native  race  in  the  New  World,  soon  drove  into  the  adventurous  life  of  con- 
quest some  of  those  who  would  have  preferred  to  remain  at  home.  Two  other 
causes  also  helped  to  decrease  rather  than  increase  the  white  x)opulation  of  Cnba; 
first,  the  restrictions  on  exportation  to  the  Continent  of  horses  bred  in  Cnban 
fields,  which  was  the  principal  source  of  revenue  in  Cuba's  growing  commerce; 
and,  secondly,  Hernando  de  Soto*8  disastrous  expedition  to  Florida,  which  drew 
off  many  colonists  from  Cuba. 

The  depopulation  of  Cnba  begun  by  the  conquests  was  sadly  increased  by  the 
violent  attacks  of  buccaneers  and  pirates,  who  swarmed  from  Europe  to  share  in 
the  booty  of  the  New  World.  In  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century  they  sur- 
prised, sacked,  and  destroyed  Santiago  and  Habana,  the  two  principal  towns. 
Those  towns  were  so  destroyed  and  deserted  that  according  to  one  account '  there 
were  on  July  1, 1555,  in  the  capital  of  the  Antilles,  which  is  to-day  so  popnlons^ 
only  38  families  and  13  strangers  or  sojourners. 

If  any  report  on  the  population  of  the  island  was  made  for  more  than  a  century 
afterwards,  it  has  disappeared.  In  the  documents  referring  to  Cuba,  i^cb  are 
preserved  in  the  general  archives  of  the  Indies  at  Seville,  none  has  been  found. 

Don  Antonio  J.  Valdez,  referring  in  his  History  of  Habana  to  some  traditioof 
and  incidents  subsequent  to  the  year  1656,  the  year  in  which  the  Enghsh  had 

I  See  eighty-seventh  volume  of  Munoz  Collection  in  the  archives  of  the  Academy 
of  History. 


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APPENDIX   XIX.  729 

taken  poasession  of  Jamaica,  says*  that  the  emigration  of  Spaniards  from  that 
island  caused  an  increase  of  more  than  8,000  souls  in  the  population  of  Cuba,  which 
was  estimated  to  contain  after  that  some  30,000  souls. 

In  spite  of  the  almost  defenseless  state  of  the  coxmtry,  in  spite  of  pirates  and 
hostile  armaments  that  still  frequently  menaced  its  inhabitants  and  the  restric- 
tions on  navigation  and  commerce,  so  inimical  to  the  extension  of  its  agriculture, 
the  indomitable  courage  of  the  country  rose  superior  to  all  obstacles;  and  in  the 
midst  of  difficulties,  although  slowly,  the  cultivation  of  the  soil  increased,  and  with 
it  the  population.  In  the  Voyages  of  Francisco  Coreal  in  the  West  Indies,  pub- 
lished  in  Paris  in  1697,  that  author  calculated  there  were  more  than  50,000  souls 
on  the  island  and  more  than  25,000  in  the  capital. 

The  Austrian  dynasty  on  the  Spanish  throne  became  extinct  on  the  death  of 
Charles  11.  The  first  sovereign  of  the  Bourbon  line,  who  from  the  first  year  of 
the  last  century  occupied  the  throne  by  vote  of  the  people  and  by  aid  of  France, 
returned  the  favors  of  his  new  fatherland  by  giving  French  traders  a  share  in 
Spain's  commerce  with  its  colonial  empire.  Under  pretext  of  being  allies  the 
French;  from  1702  to  1708,  entered  upon  such  commercial  speculations  with 
Habana  as  the  poverty  of  the  country  and  the  superiority  of  the  English  navy 
would  permit  The  French  and  Spanish  held  their  own  very  successfully  in  the 
waters  of  Cuba  against  the  English  and  Dutch  in  the  long  war  of  the  Spanish  suc- 
cession, and  owing  to  that  fact  and  thanks  also  to  the  increase  in  the  cultivation 
of  tobacco,  the  population  likewise  increased  on  a  greater  scale  than  ever  before. 
After  1718  that  increase  was  promoted  by  the  introduction  of  African  slaves,  a 
privilege  granted  exclusively  to  England  by  the  peace  of  Utrecht;  and  towards 
1780  the  population  of  Cuba,  not  including  troops,  visitors,  or  seamen,  was, 
according  to  statements  in  a  multitude  of  documents  of  that  time,  estimated  at 
more  than  100,000  souls. 

It  was  increased  later  by  the  emigration  of  Spaniards  from  Florida,  which  was 
ceded  to  England  in  1768,  by  immunities  from  taxes  upon  navigation  and  com- 
merce, and  by  the  erection  of  considerable  fortification  works  which  were  started 
that  same  year  in  Habana  by  foreigners. 

But  not  even  the  metropolitan  government  itself  had  authentic  and  accurate 
data  about  the  population  before  1774.  In  that  year  the  Marquis  de  la  Torre,  the 
Captain-General  in  command  at  the  time,  finished  making  his  first  census. 

As  shown  by  that  important  document,  the  population  of  the  island  had  already 
been  increased  by  the  combination  of  aforesaid  circumstances  to  172,620. 

The  government  was  divided  into  eighteen  jurisdictions,  viz:  Habana;  Santiago 
de  Cuba;  the  holdings  of  the  government  of  Puerto  Principe;  Matanzas;  Trinidad; 
Bayamo  y  Baracoa;  the  distritos  of  Santiago  de  las  Vegas,  Pinar  del  Rio,  which 
was  just  being  colonized;  the  Isle  of  Pines;  Santa  Maria  del  Rosario;  Guanabacoa; 
Jaruco;  San  Juan  de  los  Remedies;  Santa  Clara  o  Villa-Clara;  Sancti  Spiritus; 
Holguin  and  San  Felipe;  and  Santiago. 

In  the  whole  length  and  breadth  of  the  land— including  towns,  the  scattered 
estates,  and  the  rural  districts— there  were  about  29,588  houses  or  buildings,  not 
counting  90  churches,  52  parochial  houses,  20  monasteries,  8  nunneries,  2  colleges, 
and  19  hospitals.  In  these  resided  55,876  male  whites,  40,864  females  of  the  same 
color,  19,207  frei  mulattoes,  and  11,640  negroes,  also  free,  and,  finally,  44,838 
slaves.  A  second  general  census  was  taken  in  1792  by  order  of  Captain-Gtoneral 
Don  Luis  de  las  Casas.  It  showed  a  further  increase  of  population,  manifestly 
due  to  various  causes.  Among  them  might  be  mentioned  the  aforesaid  free-trade 
agreement  by  which  the  exports  of  Cuba  and  all  America  had  free  entrance  into 
the  principal  ports  of  the  Peninsula;  the  assemblage  of  military  powers  in  Habana 

^  See  Valdez,  HUtoria  de  la  Habana,  published  in  Habana,  1814,  p.  76. 

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780         REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OP  CUBA,  18W. 

from  1779  to  1788  daring  the  four  years  of  war  between  Spain  and  Gftreat  Britain; 
the  introduction  of  slaves  from  Africa;  and  the  destmction  of  the  rich  French 
colony  of  Santo  Domingo,  whose  place  in  the  market  Cnba  immediately  attempted 
to  take  with  some  of  her  own  wares. 

In  q;>ite  of  the  statistical  works  repeatedly  ordered  by  the  Marqnis  of  Somemelos, 
daring  his  long  rale  no  censas  was  pnblished  again  nntil  1817. 

By  aid  of  the  partial  registry  rolls,  Don  Francisco  Arango  y  Parreno  compiled 
some  notes  in  reference  to  the  long  interral  between  1792  and  1817.  According 
to  his  fignres,  the  population  of  the  jorisdiction  of  Habana  in  1810  was  not  less 
than  161,000  whites,  42,000  free  colored,  and  147,000  slavw,  which  represented  a 
total  of  850,000  inhabitants  for  the  western  part  of  Cuba.  He  calculated  that  in 
the  eastern  part,  Santiago  de  Cuba,  there  were  40,000  whites,  38,000  free  colored, 
and  82,000  slaves,  making  a  total  of  110,000  inhabitants.  Seventy  thousand  mare 
were  found  in  the  territory  of  Puerto  Principe  alone,  including  38,000  whites, 
14,000  free  colored,  and  18,000  slaves.  In  the  territory  of  the  four  towns  he  esti- 
mated that  there  were  85,000  whites,  20,000  free  colored,  and  15,000  slaves,  mak- 
ing a  total  of  70,000  inhabitants. 

The  notes  made  by  Arango  were  published  July  20, 1811,  by  the  secretary  of 
the  consulate,  Don  Antonio  Valle  Hernandez,  for  tiie  use  of  the  board  of  instruc- 
tion.   They  showed  an  entire  population  of  600,000. 

This  extraordinary  increase  of  nearly  328,000  in  a  single  period  of  nineteen 
years  is  very  naturally  explained  by  the  immigration  of  large  numbers  of  French 
and  Spanish,  who  betook  themselves  to  the  island  in  1808,  after  the  United  States 
had  taken  possession  of  Louisiana  and  after  the  negroes  had  made  themselves 
masters  of  Santo  Domingo.  The  population  was  also  immensely  increased  through 
the  constant  importation  of  negroes,  through  the  steady  growth  of  agriculture 
due  to  them,  and  through  the  acquisition  of  commercial  privileges  with  foreigners, 
although  their  liberty  was  not  declared  until  1818. 

The  Captain-General  of  the  island,  Don  Jos6  de  Cienfuegos,  published  in  1817 
another  census  of  the  population.  It  showed  a  total  of  558,028,  nearly  47,000  less 
than  Arango's  census,  published  by  Valle  Hernandez.  What  caused  that  decrease? 
Instead  of  good  reasons  for  a  loss  there  appear  to  have  been  many  conditions  dur- 
ing the  six  years  that  intervened  between  the  census  of  1811  and  that  of  1817  that 
might  have  stimulated  a  natural  increase  in  the  population.  Such  were  the  con- 
stant importation  of  Africans,  the  encouragement  of  agriculture  in  nearly  every 
district  (dUtritoa) ,  and  the  extension  of  commerce  from  year  to  year  and  month 
to  month.  Many  have  thought  that  the  inexplicable  decrease  in  the  census  of  1817 
had  its  origin  in  the  concealment  practiced  by  many  of  the  planters  regarding  the 
true  number  of  their  slaves.  They  did  so  out  of  desire  to  escape  a  poll  tax  levied  at 
that  time.  Only  thus  can  the  fact  be  explained  that  the  official  count  was  less 
than  that  made  six  years  before  by  Arango. 

The  Captain-General,  Don  Francisco  Dionisio  Vives,  ordered  in  1826  the  taking 
of  another  general  census,  with  the  addition  of  interesting  statistical  data  that  had 
not  been  included  in  the  three  previous  censuses.  This  document,  of  which  we 
also  give  a  summary,  showed  a  total  population  of  704,487  inhabitants,  thus  prov- 
ing that  the  decrease  of  population  shown  in  the  census  of  1817  was  a  mistake. 
The  conditions  which  obtained  on  the  island  between  the  censu»t)f  1817  and  that 
of  1827  had  not  been  so  favorable  that  its  population  could  have  been  increased  by 
151,459  people.    It  had  been  a  decade  of  danger,  vicissitude,  and  turmoiL 

Spain's  colonial  empire  had  just  shaken  off  the  yoke.  The  unsettled  condition 
that  prevailed  from  1820  to  1828  had  banished  confidence  from  Cuban  boU  and 
driven  away  a  portion  of  the  capital  that  at  a  normal  time  would  have  made  the 
island  productive. 

However  that  may  be,  the  census  or  statistical  report  of  1827  was  the  most  oom- 


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APPENDIX   XIX. 


781 


plete  and  important  work  that  up  to  that  time  had  been  pnbliflhed  abont  an  island 
that  could  hardly  be  effectually  governed  nntil  it  was  well  known.  It  was  not 
like  the  previous  censuses— a  simple  summary  of  population.  It  was  the  first 
description  that  is  known  of  the  public  wealth  of  Cuba,  in  which  classification  was 
made  of  the  products,  departments,  and  jurisdictions.  It  was  in  fine  the  first 
instance  of  an  accoxmt  that  was  accurate  and  satisfactory  by  reason  of  its  entire 
freedom  from  numerical  errors  and  misleading  statements. 

It  was  shown  in  this  census,  as  in  the  previous  ones,  that  in  spite  of  the  immense 
importation  of  Africans,  the  free  population  of  Cuba,  and  even  its  white  popula- 
tion, continued  to  have  the  advantage  of  the  slaves  in  numbers.  In  spite,  too,  of 
the  increase  of  the  latter  after  the  announcement  that  the  traffic  would  soon  be 
suppressed,  and  the  consequent  effort  on  the  part  of  the  slave  traders  to  make  the 
most  of  the  time  that  remained,  there  was  in  1827  an  ezoees  of  24,109  white  people 
over  the  number  of  slaves.  Hence,  the  catastrophe  which  had  destroyed  opulent 
Santo  Domingo,  where  in  1790  there  were  15  slaves  for  every  free  {Mrscm,  seemed 
very  remote  from  the  greatest  of  the  Antilles. 

**  In  the  fifty-three  years  intervening  between  the  census  of  Marquis  de  la  Torre 
and  that  of  1827,"  says  Lasagra,  **  the  general  population  had  an  increase  of  582,807 
people. "  The  increase  is  58.6  per  cent  from  1774  to  1792, 108  per  cent  from  1792  to 
1817,  and  27.3  per  cent  from  1817  to  1828,  which  makes  aa  annual  increase  in  each 
one  of  the  three  periods  of  8.2, 4.0,  2.7  per  cent*  respectively.  Beginning  with 
the  first  census,  the  average  of  the  annual  increase  for  each  erne  of  the  fifty-three 
years  is  5.8  per  cent.  The  annual  increases  of  each  class,  respectively,  have  shown 
several  variations,  resulting  from  the  fluctuations  (progreao9)  in  population  in 
accordance  with  causes  that  influenced  it. 


Whites. 

Free 
colored. 

Slayes. 

Total 
colored. 

1774-1798  

2.7 
8.1 
2.1 

4.2 
4.4 

0.08 

5 

6.4 

4.4 

4.6 

170S-1817 

4.4 

1817-ia^ - 

2.6 

'*  The  period  of  greatest  increase  in  the  white  population  as  well  as  the  slave 
seems  to  be  that  between  the  second  and  third  censuses,  and  the  least  favorable 
period  the  last  ten  years."  The  same  statement  is  foxmd  on  page  25  of  the  Statis- 
tical Report  of  1827. 

The  increase  in  the  general  population  of  the  island  which  was  shown  in  the 
census  of  1841  is  explained  by  several  circumstancea  Among  them  are  the  immi- 
gration of  Spaniards  persecuted  by  the  Mexican  Gtovemment  in  1829  and  the 
immigration  of  the  French  who  were  resident  in  that  Republic  at  the  time  when 
it  had  the  boldness  to  enter  into  conflict  with  France;  the  successive  reinforce- 
ments of  Spanish  troops  in  Cuba;  the  great  number  of  Spaniards  who,  driven 
from  home  by  a  long  civil  war  (1833-1840),  sought  its  tranquil  and  fertile  shores; 
and,  finally,  the  arrival  after  1827  of  some  500  cargoes  of  negroes.  The  census  of 
1841  was  tsLken  by  the  brigadier  Don  Pablo  Ruiz  de  la  Bastida  under  orders  of 
the  Captain-Gtoneral  Don  G^eronimo  Valdes.  The  total  number  of  inhabitants 
amounted  then  to  1,007,624.  There  are,  however,  no  lack  of  writers  who  consider 
that  figure  exaggerated,  in  consequence  of  some  errors  and  irregularities  found  in 
the  registration  lists  that  were  used  in  numbering  the  inhabitants  of  certain  divi- 
sions (partidos)  and  jurisdictions  (Jurisdicionea).  But  the  reasons  alleged  by 
D'Hespel  D'Arponville  and  other  publicists  for  discrediting  the  count  of  1841  oould 
with  more  justice  be  advanced  against  the  accuracy  of  the  four  previous  censuses. 
Considering,  too,  that  works  of  this  class  can  never  be  perfectly  complete,  not 


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782  REPORT   ON  THE   0ENBIT8   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

even  among  the  nations  moat  advanoed  in  atatiatical  practice,  we  must  certainly 
giye  preference  to  the  statements  of  thoee  who  use  the  facts  and  fignzes  published 
by  the  Qovemment,  which  has  always  infinitely  better  means  of  ascertaining  the 
tmth  than  have  the  critics. 

The  last  census  published  appeared  in  1846  and  showed  a  decrease  in  the  general 
population  of  the  country  instead  of  the  increase  that  might  have  been  expected 
by  reason  of  the  uniTersal  peace,  the  recognition  by  Spain  of  the  independence  of 
almost  all  the  American  States  that  had  cast  off  their  allegiance,  and  the  various 
measures  restricting  the  African  trade.  A  reason  for  the  decrease  is  found  in  the 
prolonged  droughts  and  disastrous  hurricanes  which  afflicted  the  country  during 
the  five  years  from  1841  to  1846  and  destroyed  the  greater  part  of  the  crops.  A 
great  amount  of  capital  was  also  withdrawn  at  this  time,  and  it  was  a  surprise  to 
no  one  who  had  been  a  keen  observer  of  conditions  that  the  census  of  1846,  which 
was  made  by  the  commission  of  statistics  after  a  most  careful  examination  of  the 
partial  registry  rolls,  showed  a  general  population  of  no  more  than  898,752  inhabi- 
tants, 108,872  less  than  that  of  the  census  of  1841. 

From  the  following  statements  of  baptisms,  burials,  and  marriages  of  the  two 
dioceses  of  the  island  the  -progreBS  {mommiento)  of  the  population  may  be  calcu- 
lated for  the  five  years  from  1842  to  1846. 

A  comi>arison  of  the  birth  and  mortality  rates  of  the  whites  with  the  same  rates 
of  the  colored  classes  shows  that  in  thoae  five  years  there  was  a  proportion  of  1.17 
births  among  the  whites  to  1  among  the  colored  classes— that  is  to  say,  that  100 
whites  were  bom  for  every  85  negroes  and  mulattoes.  It  also  shows  that  89 
whites  died  for  every  100  of  the  colored  classes,  a  difference  which  is  satisfactoiily 
explained  by  the  difference  in  habits,  regimen,  and  occupations  of  the  two  raoe& 

The  great  sterility  and  high  mortality  of  the  colored  classes  can  scarcely  be 
attributed  to  the  condition  of  servitude  in  which  so  many  of  their  number  lived. 
It  had  its  principal  origin  in  the  disproportionate  numbers  of  the  two  sexes,  in  the 
celibacy  enforced  on  many  slaves  through  scarcity  of  women  on  many  of  the  plan- 
tations, and  in  the  death  of  from  10  to  12  per  cent  of  their  number  who  suffered 
in  the  first  months  after  their  arrival  in  Cuba  from  diseases  contracted  before 
coming.  It  certainly  can  not  be  said  that  they  suffered  from  the  rigors  of  the 
climate,  since  it  was  as  favorable  as  their  own  for  the  preservation  and  develop- 
ment of  their  race. 

Considering  the  circumstances  under  which  the  colored  classes  came  to  Cuba, 
their  habits,  their  occupations,  and  the  absence  of  fixed  family  relations  among 
them,  the  mortality  rate  among  the  whites  appears  disproportionately  large.  We 
could  cite  a  great  number  of  writers  to  prove  that  1  out  of  every  18  whites  died 
each  year.  La  Sagra  has  made  some  observations  regarding  the  mortality  rate 
from  1836  to  1841,  a  period  of  five  years  during  which  the  number  of  deaths 
exceeded  the  number  of  births,  and  from  him  we  learn  that  that  excess  averaged 
389.6  deaths  for  every  one  of  those  years. 

According  to  the  census  of  1846  the  total  number  of  inhabitants  did  not  exceed 
898,752.  That  was  an  average  of  284  inhabitants  to  every  maritime  league  of 
the  3,000  square  leagues  which  comprise  the  island.  In  the  western  department, 
which  contained  570  leagues,  there  were  538,616  people.  In  the  old  central  depart- 
ment, which  contained  1,370  leagues,  there  were  no  more  than  196,054  Only 
189,062  people  were  found  in  the  old  eastern  department,  which  then  contained 
1,222  square  leagues. 

At  the  beginning  of  1854,  when  the  task  of  compiling  this  dictionary  was  under- 
taken, we  were  seriously  embarassed  by  the  fact  that  no  census  or  general  summary 
of  population  had  been  published  since  1846.  Through  the  favor  of  the  supreme 
government  of  the  island  and  the  gracious  assistance  of  Brigadier  Don  Juan  Rod- 
riguez de  la  Torre,  chief  of  the  commission  of  statistics,  we  were  furnished  with 


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APPENDIX   XIX.  788 

a  mnltitnde  of  statements  of  the  movement  (movimiento)  of  the  population  by 
classes  and  periods  for  some  years  after  the  last  censos.  Those  docnments,  beings 
of  official  origin,  enables  ns  to  estimate  the  general  population  of  the  island  toward 
the  end  of  1849  at  946,982  inhabitants. 

Neither  in  this  summary  of  classes  nor  in  the  official  census  of  classes,  nor  in 
the  official  census  of  1846  are  the  veteran  troops  included  or  the  crews  of  merchant 
ships  and  men-of-war,  or  the  large  floating  population  always  found  in  Cuba» 
one  of  the  most  central  American  islands. 

A  comparison  of  the  totals  shows  that  in  the  three  years,  1847, 1848,  and  1849» 
the  general  population  was  increased  by  only  48,180  people,  and  it  is  clearly  seen 
that  in  spite  of  all  efforts  to  the  contrary  it  did  not  increase  in  proportion  to  the 
development  of  agriculture  and  commerce. 

The  scarcity  of  laborers  was  keenly  felt  Some  speculators  in  1847  obtained  per* 
mission  from  the  Gk>vemment  to  bring  over  consignments  of  natives  from  ports  of 
southern  China,  They  were  under  contract  for  several  years,  and  were  hired  to 
planters  under  conditions  favorable  to  the  contractors.  Planters  found  after 
employing  them  on  their  land  that  the  Chinamen,  on  account  of  their  superior 
intelligence,  were  better  adapted  than  the  negroes  to  the  work  of  refining  sugar, 
but  their  endurance  was  not  equal  to  that  of  the  negroes  in  the  task  of  cultivating 
and  cutting  the  sugar  cane,  which  is  the  work  that  requires  the  greatest  number 
of  hands.  Their  nature,  moreover,  was  not  such  as  to  make  them  content  with  the 
humble  condition  of  laborers  in  sugar  mills. 

They  murdered  some  of  the  overseers  and  white  employees  as  well  as  some  of 
their  own  number.  They  had  been  imported  into  the  island  without  women  of 
their  own  race  who  might  have  made  life  more  tolerable  to  them,  and  on  aocount 
of  their  peculiar  physique  the  people  of  the  island  felt  a  natural  aversion  to  them. 
Only  the  pressing  and  widespread  need  of  laborers  made  them  welcome  on  the 
plantations. 

Another  expedient,  new  also  but  more  suitable  and  successful,  was  hit  upon  by 
that  shrewd  speculator,  Don  Francisco  Marti  y  Torrens.  He  dispatched  soma 
boats  from  his  fishing  fleet  to  Yucatan  to  bring  away  some  of  the  native  Indians 
who  were  in  revolt  there  on  account  of  the  violence  of  Mexican  Government 
officials.  \ 

Distributed  among  the  planters,  those  Indians  proved  quite  as  well  adapted  as  ^ 
the  Chinamen  to  plantation  labor  and  almost  as  capable  of  endurance  as  the 
negroes.  Their  women  and  children  came  with  them,  and  so  they  were  content 
to  remain  wherever  they  found  employment.  If  they  had  only  been  imported  ia 
larger  numbers  they  might  have  solved  the  great  labor  question  of  the  island* 
But  after  the  rebellious  Indians  of  Yucatan  had  been  quieted  the  Mexican  Qovem- 
ment  opposed  the  exportation  of  the  Indians,  or  at  least  consented  to  it  on  condi« 
tions  so  burdensome  as  to  be  prohibitory.  Cuban  proprietors  had  just  begun  ta 
realize  the  worth  of  the  Yucatan  Indians  when  they  had  to  give  up  all  hope  of 
being  able  to  cultivate  their  plantations  by  their  aid.  y 

The  old  territorial  division  of  the  island  disappeared  in  1850.  With  some  modi* 
flcations  the  three  departments  had  been  retained  ever  since  1821.  The  new  divi- 
sion provided  for  two  departments,  corresponding  to  the  two  dioceses.  The 
western  de];>artment  was  increased  by  the  adjoining  half  of  the  former  central 
department.  The  other  half  became  part  of  the  eastern  department.  The  west- 
em  department  still  retained  the  capital  of  the  island,  but  the  eastern  department 
had  a  subordinate  capital  at  Santiago  de  Cuba.  The  western  department  or  prov- 
ince of  Habcma  is  composed  of  21  jurisdictions  or  seats  of  political  and  military 
government.  Beginning  with  the  Cape  of  San  Antonio,  New  Filipina,  or  Pinar 
del  Bio,  going  southward  to  the  Cape  of  San  Diego  and  following  the  north  coasts 


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784  BEPOBT   ON  THE   0BK8U8   OF   CUBA,  1899. 

are  Bahia-Hand*,  Mariel,  Santiago,  Habana,  GHianahacoa,  Jamoo,  Utatanfaw, 
Cardoias,  Colon ,  Sagna  la  Grande,  San  Jnan  de  IO0  Bemedios,  and  Sanctl  Spiritus. 
Following  tlie  aonth  coast  in  the  same  direction  are  San  Cristobal,  San  Antonio, 
Bejncal,  Gnines,  Femandina  de  Jagna  or  denfoegos,  Trinidad,  and  tlie  abore- 
mentioned  Sancti  Spiritns  which  extends  from  one  sea  to  the  other.  In  the  center 
are  Santa  Bfaria  del  Bosario,  between  Goanabacoa  lying  to  the  north,  Jaroco  to 
the  east,  Bejocal  to  the  sonth,  and  Santiago  to  the  west,  and  also  Villa  Clara, 
which  lies  between  Cienfnegos,  Trinidad,  Sagna  la  Grande,  and  Sancti  Spiritos. 
The  Isle  of  Pines  comprises  by  itself  the  odkoay  of  Beina  Amalia,  nnder  the  juris- 
diction of  Habana. 

The  province  of  Cnba,  which  now  extends  to  the  eastern  department,  is  divided 
into  10  j  nrisdictions  or  seats  of  government,  to  wit:  That  of  Baracoa,  which  toachee 
the  eastern  limit  of  the  island  at  Cape  Maisi,  extending  along  both  coasts;  that  of 
Onantanamo,  bounding  it  on  the  south;  that  of  Santiago;  of  Manzanillo;  Bayiuno; 
Puerto  Principe;  Holguin;  Las  Tunas;  Nuevitas;  and,  finally,  Jiguany,  which  lies 
l)etween  both  oceans. 

Of  all  these  jurisdictions,  which  are  c^led  government  seats  (tenencias  de  go- 
biemo),  only  those  of  Habana,  Santiago  de  Cuba,  and  Matanzais  bear  the  name 
of  governments. 

Each  one  of  these  jurisdictions  is  divided  into  districts  (digtritos)  and  wards 
(barrios)  in  the  cities  and  towns  and  into  divisions  (partidos)  in  the  villages, 
hamlets,  and  in  the  country. 

From  the  registry  rolls  (empadronamientoa)  and  other  data  found  in  the  office 
of  statistics  at  the  close  of  1885,  Arboleya  made  in  his  last  manual  of  the  island 
of  Cuba  an  estimate  of  the  population  of  the  thirty  jurisdictions  which  then 
existed.  He  included  in  the  white  class  the  Chinamen  and  the  Yucatan  Indians. 
We  can  put  faith  in  his  calculations  on  this  interesting  point  since  we  have  found 
him  so  accurate  in  matters  of  less  importance. 

Arboleya*s  figures  agree  with  other  trustworthy  data  that  we  have  on  hand, 
which  show  that  the  population  in  1855  did  not  exceed  1,044,185  inhabitants, 
including  all  classes  and  conditions  and  both  sexes.  A  comparison  of  this  num- 
ber with  the  total  of  the  census  of  1841 ,  which  went  as  high  as  1 ,007,024  inhabitants, 
shows  an  increase  of  only  86,561  people.  That  increace  certainly  does  not  corre- 
spond to  the  progress  in  the  development  of  agriculture  in  the  fourteen  years  that 
elapsed  between  the  two  counts.  Neithto  does  it  correspond  to  the  growth  in 
public  wealth  and  In  treasury  receipts  during  a  period  when  some  new  towns  had 
been  founded  and  old  ones  like  Cardenas,  Cienfuegos,  Sagua  la  Grande,  and  others 
had  manifestly  prospered* 

The  official  reports  of  1859  were  conscientiously  collected  by  the  Cuban  office  of 
statistics  under  a  much  better  system  than  had  ever  before  prevailed,  and  give  us 
a  much  more  exact  idea  of  the  general  i>opulation  of  the  island  at  the  close  of  that 
year  than  do  any  other  reports.  They  are  exact  copies  of  those  sent  the  ministry 
for  the  colonies  by  the  Captain-General,  Don  Francisco  Serrano,  Count  of  San 
Antonio. 

These  official  documents,  which  estimate  the  general  population  at  the  end  of 
1859  at  1,180,018  inhabitants,  show  an  increase  of  135,828  over  the  population  of 
1855  which  did  not  exceed  1,044,185. 

It  appears  that  at  the  end  of  1^59  there  were  on  the  island  632,797  whites,  189,848 
free  colored  people,  and  367,868  slaves.  Compared  with  the  498,753  whites,  the 
179,012  free  colored  people,  and  the  866,421  slaves  enumerated  in  1855,  an  increase 
of  124,045  in  the  first  class  is  shown,  of  10,836  in  the  second,  and  only  947  in  the 
third  class. 

The  satisfactory  and  definite  progress  observed  in  the  first  class  was  obviously 
the  result  of  several  conditions.    First,  the  permission  given  December  28,  1853, 


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APPENDIX  XIV.  785 

by  his  excellency  the  Captain-G^eneral,  Marqnia  de  la  Pezaela,  for  the  importation 
of  Spanish  colonists  and  day  laborers  and  also  Asiatics  and  Indians  from  the 
American  continent ;  second,  the  steady  growth  of  interest  in  the  cnltivation  of 
tobacco  and  other  agricnltnral  products  which  call  for  the  faithful  attention  of  a 
free  workman  rafther  than  the  strength  of  a  slave's  arm ;  and,  finally,  the  rise  of 
new  interests  snch  as  ntmieroQS  railway  lines  and  other  enterprises  of  public 
utility. 

The  increase  of  10,886  people  in  the  second  class  corresponds  to  the  increase  in 
the  number  of  free  colored  people  during  the  years  between  the  two  censuses. 
Opportunities  for  obtaining  their  freedom  that  were  afforded  the  colored  people 
by  our  provincial  leg^islature,  their  luck  in  the  lottery  games,  and  the  generosity 
of  a  large  number  of  Cuban  proprietors,  were  sufficient  reasons  for  that  increase. 
To  these  ordinary  reasons  for  improvement  in  their  conditions  and  the  number  of 
free  colored  people  must  be  added  the  fact  that  the  Government  emancipated 
3,000  Africans  in  1854. 

With  respect  to  the  third  class,  that  of  the  slaves,  the  significant  increase  of  947 
people  which  the  census  of  1860  shows  over  that  of  1855  is  evident  proof,  notwith- 
standing its  smallness,  of  the  great  number  of  Africans  that  must  have  been 
imx>orted  during  the  larger  part  of  that  five-year  period.  Unquestionably  the 
birth  rate  in  slavery  does  not  keep  pace  with  the  death  rate.  The  increased  culti- 
vation of  the  sugar  cane  during  those  five  years  and  the  growth  of  the  sugar 
industry,  which  are  the  occupations  that  kill  off  the  greatest  number  of  slaves, 
must  also  be  remembered.  If  we  suppose,  with  Baron  Humboldt  and  a  g^reat  num- 
ber of  other  writers,  that  there  is  an  annual  death  rate  of  10  x>er  cent  of  the  num- 
ber of  slaves  and  an  annual  birth  rate  of  5  per  cent,  we  can  calculate  that  from 
1855  to  1859  a  fourth  part  of  the  130,000  negroes  must  have  perished  and  that  there 
were  about  32,000  that  year  in  the  sugar  mills.  Granting  this,  we  see,  without 
taking  into  consideration  those  employed  in  other  industries,  that  in  order  to  have 
947  more  slaves  on  the  island  in  1868  than  there  were  in  1855,  the  number  of  deaths 
having  been  greater  in  that  period  than  the  number  of  births,  they  must  neces- 
sarily have  been  imported  in  very  large  numbers. 

With  the  whites  are  included  two  classes  of  population  that  did  not  appear  in 
any  of  the  censuses  published  up  to  1846.  They  had  been  imported  into  the  country 
just  too  late  for  enumeration.  Those  are  the  Yucatan  Indians  and  the  Chinese 
and  other  Asiatics. 

The  greater  part  of  the  first  class  reside  in  the  immediate  jurisdiction  of  Habana 
and  numbered  at  the  end  of  1859  only  576  males  and  192  females.  The  majority 
of  the  second  class  are  settled  in  the  recently  created  jurisdiction  of  Colon,  in 
Cardenas,  Matanzas,  and  Habana,  and  numbered  at  that  date  16,373  males,  with 
only  13  females.  We  presume  that  the  permits  issued  since  the  first  of  1861  have 
facilitated  the  introduction  of  this  class  of  colonists  and  that  their  real  number 
is  greater  than  appears  in  the  report  to  which  we  refer. 

Many  wild  schemes  for  fostering  the  white  population  of  the  island  have  been 
proposed  and  much  has  been  written  on  the  subject  by  publicists,  too,  of  good 
repute.  Means  of  encouraging  the  white  population  are  as  well  known  as  the 
obstacles  which  prevent  the  sudden  adoption  of  those  measures,  since  violent  and 
precipitate  reforms  are  not  wise  in  such  a  delicate  matter.  Time  alone,  together 
with  the  prudence  of  Cuban  proprietors  and  the  wisdom  of  the  Government,  can 
accomplish  that. 

The  white  population  will  never  be  greatly  increased  until  there  is  some  division 
of  property  and  labor,  so  that  some  can  devote  themselves  exclusively  to  culti- 
vating the  sugar  cane  and  others  to  manufacturing  the  sugar.  Cotton,  indigo, 
cacao,  and  other  products  adapted  to  the  soil  of  the  great  Antilles  must  be  culti- 
vated as  well  as  those  which  are  the  present  sources  of  its  wealth.    The  manu- 


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786  REPOBT   OK   THE   CENSUS   OF   CUBA,  1890. 

fftctore  of  textile  fabrics  rnuBt  be  stimnlated  by  the  impositiaii  of  taxes  on  all 
foreign  and  Spanish  fabrics  that  might  be  made  by  provincial  industry.  FinsUj, 
without  suggesting  other  means  than  those  warranted  by  the  eomomic  sdenoe  of 
all  nations,  we  might  say  that  the  people  of  the  Peninsula  ought  to  stop  the  hm 
of  all  tobacco  not  produced  in  their  provinces  across  the  sea.      • 

With  the  disappearance  of  the  foreign  tobacco  that  16,000,000  of  the  people  con- 
sume, the  contraband  trade  would  also  disi^pear,  and  the  Gk>Temmait  would !» 
saved  the  expense  of  preventing  it.  Many  colonists  in  Cuba  who  are  worthy  and 
substantial  people  would  then  be  willing  to  cultivate  a  tobacco  that  would  be 
within  reach  of  every  purse.  The  peculation  of  Cuba  would  then  show  an  inerean 
as  striking  as  that  shown  by  the  receipts  of  the  State,  when  in  place  of  asking  18 
reals  duty  on  each  pound  imported  they  reduced  the  tax  to  4  reals.  Bsfor» 
dosing  tUs  article  it  seems  fitting  to  quote  in  his  own  words  some  reflections  ob 
the  white  population  of  Cuba  expressed  by  His  Excellency  Don  Vicente  Vaiqnei 
Queipo  in  his  w<nrk  entitled  **A  fiscal  report  on  the  white  population  of  Cuba,' 
which  was  published  in  Madrid  in  1845. 

"  For  the  prosperity  of  the  rural  white  population  it  is  abedlutely  necessary  that 
some  change  be  made  in  the  way  the  island  is  cultivated.  It  may  be  by  pranok- 
ing  valuable  products  sure  of  a  ready  market  abroad,  such  as  cotton,  indigo,  aflk, 
cochineal,  and  especially  tobacco,  all  of  which  are  fitted  for  cultivation  on  a  small 
scale.  It  may  be  by  modifying  the  system  actually  in  vogue  in  the  cultivation  of 
the  sugar  cane  and  the  refining  of  sugar,  or  it  may  be  by  doing  both,  wfaid 
would  be  perhaps  the  most  advisable.  All  the  products  of  the  country  if  care- 
fully fostered  and  developed  under  the  supervision  of  the  authorities  may  be  ose- 
ful  and  beneficial  to  the  colonists,  eqjMcially  if  the  latter  could  be  fittingly 
.  instructed  by  means  of  agricultural  manuals  on  the  subject  of  their  cultivattoD. 
One  of  them  certainly  deserves  particular  attention  from  the  Gk>Temment;  that 
is,  tobacco. 

'*The  superior  and  almost  unrivaled  quality  of  tobacco  produced  on  the  island, 
the  daily  increase  in  its  consumption  by  European  nations,  the  ease  with  whicfa 
it  is  cultivated  on  a  small  scale— and,  in  fact,  the  necessity  of  so  cultivating  it  oo 
account  of  the  close  and  assiduous  care  it  requires— the  increasing  number  of 
operatives  employed  in  its  preparation  and  manufacture,  and,  finally,  the  bounti- 
ful returns  it  makes  to  cultivators  in  proportion  to  the  value  of  the  land  and  the 
.capital  employed,  all  make  tobacco  a  precious  plant  in  the  island  of  Cuba.  An 
intelligent  and  conscientious  white  man  is  much  more  likely  than  a  strong  bot 
clumsy  African  to  give  the  tobacco  plant  proper  care.  That  consistB  for  the  nusi 
part  of  driving  away  in  the  cooler  hours  the  insects  that  attack  the  young  plsois. 
If  protected  by  the  supreme  government  with  absolute  freedom  from  duties,  tofaaooo 
may  to  some  degree  supply  the  deficit  sure  to  occur  soon,  owing  to  the  fact  that 
the  cultivation  of  coffee  is  on  the  vrane  and,  indeed,  almost  abandoned.'' 


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APPENDIX   XX. 


737 


APPENDIX  XX. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  books  found  of  esi)ecial  value  in  the  preparation  of 
the  report  on  the  census  of  the  island  of  Cuba: 


Author. 


Title. 


Abad,  L.  V.  de 

A.O.O 

Aflruilera,  F.  V.,  and  Ospedes,  R 
Aldema  and  Eschererria 

Arrate,  Jos6 

Behm  and  Wagner.. 

Blackman 

Brooke.  Maj.  Gen.  John  R 

Cabrera , 

Callahan,  J.  M 


Clark 

Columbns,  Christopher 

Davey  

Davis 

Delitsch,  Otto 

D'Hespel  D'Harponville,  Oustave 

Domignez 

Edwards 

Fi8ke,A.  K 

Fiske.John 

Froude .* 

Fronde 

Halstead .- 

Hazard,  Samuel , 

Helps 

HilCR.  T 

Huber,B 

Humboldt 

Hume 

Irving 

Irving 

Kidd,  Benjamin 

Kimball.  R.M 

Lee,  Map.  Gen.  Fitzhugh 

Lodsje,  Henry  Cabot 

Ludlow,  Maj.  Gen.  Wm 

Macdonald 

Mackellar,  chief  engineer  of  the  British  army 

Merivale 

Pascual,Augustin 

Pepper 

Pezuela.Don  Jacobo  de  la 

Pezuela,  Don  Jacobo  de  la 


Porter,  Robert  P . 
Bea 


New  Constitution  Establishing  Self-Govern- 
ment  in  the  Islands  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico. 

Militarv  Notes  on  Cuba. 

Notes  About  Cuba. 

Facts  About  Cuba. 

American  State  Papers. 

Constitution  and  Government  of  Cuba. 

Die  Bev51kerung  der  Erde,  Nos.  1 , 2. 6, 7, 8.  (In 
Petermann*s  Qeographische  Mittheilungen 
Ergttnznnflwhefte  83  Il87»],  35  [1874],  62  [1880], 
eO  [18821, 101  [1882].) 

Spanish  Institutions  in  the  Southwest. 

British  Colonial  Office  List,  1896w 

British  State  Papers. 

Reports  on  Affairs  of  Cuba,  1898. 

Cuba  and  the  Cubans. 

Cuba  and  International  Relations. 

Censo  de  la  Poblaci6n  de  Espana  segnn  el  Recu- 
ento  veriflcado  en  25  de  DicieniDre  de  1860, 
porLa  Junta  General  de  Est«distica. 

Censo  de  la  Poblacion  de  Espana  segun  el  empa- 
dronamien  to  hecho  en  31  de  Diciem  bre  de  1887 
por  la  Direccion  General  del  Instltnto  Geo- 
graflco  y  Estadistico. 

Commercial  Cuba. 

Journal  of  Vovages. 

Cuadro  estadistico  de  la  siempre  flel  isla  de 
Cuba. 

Cuba,  Past  and  Present. 

Cuba  in  War  Times. 

Cuba  (in  Stein  and  H5rschelmann  Handbuch 
der  Geographie  und  Statistik.  7th  ed..  Vol. 
I,  pt.  4,  pp.  1870-1917). 

La  Reine  des  Antilles. 

Los  Antiguos  Diputados  de  Cuba. 

History  of  the  West  Indies. 

EncyclopsBdia  Americana. 

Encyclopcedia  Britannica. 

The  West  Indies. 

Discovery  of  America. 

Oceana. 

The  English  in  the  West  Indies. 

Story  of  Cuba. 

Cuba  with  Pen  and  Pencil. 

Spanish  Colonization  in  America. 

Cuba  and  Porto  Rico. 

Apercu  statistique  de  Tisla  de  Cuba. 

Island  of  Cuba. 

History  of  Spain. 

The  Companions  of  Columbua 

The  Life  and  Voyages  of  Columbus . 

Control  of  the  Tropics. 

(ktba  and  the  Cubans. 

Report  on  Cuban  Affairs.  1898. 

The  Spanish- American  War. 

Report  on  Cuban  Affairs,  1898-99. 

Select  Documents  of  United  States  History. 

Journal  of  the  Siege  of  Havana,  1762. 

Colonization  and  Colonies. 

Rapport  sur  L'Etat,  L'Organisation  et  le  Pro- 
gres  de  la  Statistique  en  ^Ispagne,  pr6sent6  a 
la  huitidme  session  da  Congrds  International 
de  Statistique. 

To-morrow  in  Cuba. 

Historia  de  la  isla  de  Cuba. 

Diccionario  de  Cuba. 

Poblacion  de  las  Islas  de  Cuba  y  Pnerto  Rico. 
(Manuscript  copy  of  tables  in  the  Spanish  cen- 
sus of  1877,  contained  in  the  library  of  the 
Royal  Statistical  Society  of  London.) 

Industrial  Cuba. 

Facts  and  Fakes  About  Cuba. 


24662 4:7 


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738 


EEPOBT   ON  THB   CENSUS   OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Aathor. 

Title. 

K^ln",  VMmAik 

Universal  Geography. 

Resumen  del  Censo  de  Poblacion  de  la  Isla  de 

Cuba  a  fln  del  Alio  de  IMl. 
Resena  geograflca  r  estadistica  de  Eapaibu 
Island  of  Cuba. 

RowAn  Rnd  Ramsay 

Bagri^t  J  ^'  Ramon  <f*^  la 

Shaw,  Albert 

isladeC^ba. 
Municipal  Government  in  Great  Britain  and 

Tnmbnll 

Europe. 
Cuba. 

Wilson.  Maj.  Gen.  J.  H 

Wood,  Maj.  Gen.  Leonard         

Report  on  Cuban  Affairs,  1896. 
Report  on  Cuban  Affairs,  1899. 
Leffislaoion  Ultra-marina. 
C^ ban  Insurrections. 

Zamora , -,,-.^,, .,.,,,„,... 

Zaraff^ffa  

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APPEITDIX  XXI. 


739 


APPENDIX  XXI. 

The  United  States  (Census  of  Cuba)  in  account  with  the  insular  TWasury  of  Cuba, 


Dr. 
Ang.  1,  1899,  origixial  estimate  and 
aUotment $408,830.00 


Total 408,830.00 


Cr. 
Expenditures  as  follows: 
Director- 
Stationery  and  other 

office  supplies $319.77 

Balaries  oi  clerk  and 

messenger 1,860.83 

Traveling  expenses 
to  and  through 
Cuba,  Nov.   12    to 

Dec  16, 1899 168.52 

$3,850.62 

Assistant  director,  salary 8,420.00 

6  supervisors,  nalaries 14,790.00 

mf enumerators,  salaHes 220, 493. 02 

Clerks  and  mesaengersof  assist- 
ant director  and  supervisors. . .    19, 264. 67 

Special  agents 1,414.00 

Iransportation  of  stores  and  per- 
sons       6,462.88 

Bent  and  incidental  expenses  of 

offices  in  Cuba 8,682.56 

Subsistence  of  census  employees.     2,532.00 

Census  property » 2,512.86 

Census  stationery  and  advertis- 
ing      2,156.82 

Tabulating 64,163.24 

Printing  bulletins 837.97 

Printing  English  edition  of  re- 
port, fe,000  copies 18,811.20 

Printing  Spanish  edition  of  re- 
port, r3,000copies 16,441.70 

Translating  report  and  bulletins 

into  Spanish 1,208.08 

Indexing  report 110.00 

Foreign  postage  Census  reports.  60. 00 


Total  expenditures 875,742.51 

Balance  unexpended -^fc-    ^*^^-^ 

Total 408,820.00 


^  All  census  property  in  Cuba  was  purchased  through  the  Supply  Division  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment. The  census  property  in  Cuba  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  work,  and  valued  at  $3,528. 12,  was 
transferred  to  the  msnlar  authorities. 


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INDEX. 


A. 

Pftga 

Abad,  L.  V.  de 737 

Aborigines 727 

character 65 

number 65 

Abreuscity 175,190 

district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247, 

301, 360, 426-432, 510,  513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 686, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Academia  Jnnco 580 

Adams,  John  Qnincy 88 

Aday,  Agneda  Valdes 650 

Administration,  council  of 53 

Adrian  VI,  Pope,  ball  issued  by 566 

Adults,  by  age  periods 86,87 

ratio  of  married -.      122 

Africa,  natives  of 98,220-225,472-475,499-506 

Age  and  citizenship 251-298 

education 400-403 

nativity 131,206-217,251-298,806-353,361-384.400-403 

literacy 152-154,361-384 

occupations .  160-162,438-465,480-484 

race 126,206-217,251-298,306-858,861-403,438-461 

school  attendance 152,385-400 

sex 135, 206-217, 251-298, 306-353, 361-403, 438-461, 463-465, 480-484 

Ageandsex,  discussion  of  statistics  regarding 92 

in  relation  to  longevity 98-96 

Age,  by  5-year  periods J 90 

comparative  tables 85 

comparison  with  other  countries 86 

discussion  of  statistics 84-96 

in  relation  to  conjugal  condition 120-147,806-363 

in  relation  to  marriage  ratios 128,134 

males  over  21  years Ill 

median  by  provinces 90 

definition  of  term. 84 

periods  and  nativity,  in  consensual  marriage 142 

by  percentages  of  population 94 

by  sex 93 

and  nativity  of  married 131,185 

and  race  of  married 129 

in  relation  to  marriage 120-124 

occupations 160,162 

of  breadwinners 160-162,165 

741 


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742  INDEX. 

Age,  periods  of  husbandfl,  wives,  and  widowed 1<I5 

nnmarried 146 

ratioof  adults  married IS 

ratios  of  nnmarried... 147 

ratios  of  widowed 145 

Agramonte,  Sixto 633,638,665 

Agreement  reciprocal  commercial  with  Spain 39 

Agricnltnral  implements,  early  tariffs  on 88 

inferior  qnality  of 589 

Agricnltnre,  aboriginal (K> 

areas  cnltivated  in  principal  crops.., 558,550 

colored  labor  preferred  in 69 

importation  of  machinery 539 

schedules  used  in  censns — .       533 

tables  covering.    (See  Occupations. ) 

taxation  of 523 

Agnacatecity 190 

Agnacate  district 179,181,191,194,200,202, 

218,  225,  232-235.  299, 858, 406-412,  507, 512,  515, 517,  520,  553, 671,  698 

Aguero,  Angnstin  H.,  supervisor 621 

report  as  supervisor  Puerto  Principe  jirovince. . .  .  640-646 

Agflero,  Francisco.. 35 

Agtiero,  Juaquin 36 

Aguilera,  F.  V.  and  Cespedes  R 737 

Alacranes  district 180,191,196,203,218,236, 

286-289, 800, 359, 418-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 677, 699,720,723, 734 

Albuquerque 66 

Albuquerque,  Eorigo 66 

Aldemaand  Eschererria 737 

Alexander  VI,  Pope 34 

Alfonso  XII  district.     (See  Alacranes  district. ) 

Alquizaz,  Sanchode  (Governor) 697 

Alger,  Russell  A.  (Secretary  of  War),  instructions  of ..  9 

Almendares  River 173 

Alonso,  Pedro  (Oovemor) 697 

Alonso  Rojas  district.    (See  Gonsolacion  del  Sur  district ) 

Altimarano,  Bishop  Juan  delas  Cabezas 566 

Altimarano,  Juan  de  (Governor) 696 

Altitude  in  relation  to  distribution  of  population 80 

Alto  Songo  city ISO 

Alquizar  city 190 

Alquizar  district 179,181,191,194,200,202, 

218,  225,  232-235,  299, 858, 406-412,  507, 512, 515. 517,  520.  553,  672,  698 

Alvara,  Juan  Gk)nzalez 86 

Alvarez,  GK>mez  de  (Governor) 697 

Amaro  district.    (See  Cifuentes  district.) 

Amnesty  to  insurgents 87 

Anderson,  Richard 34 

Andreu,  Aurelio 637 

Angel,  Don  Gregorio  Diaz 566 

Angulo,  Gonzalo  Perez  de  (Governor) 696 

Animals  adapted  to  cane  culture 530 

by  kinds 540,561 

and  by  race  of  farm  occupants 563-^564 


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INDEX.  743 

Page. 

Animals,  domesticated,  introduced 65 

native 23 

Annexation,  proposed,  to  United  States 35,38 

Apodaca,  JnanRnizde  (Governor) 697 

Aranda,  Cristobal  de  (Governor) 697 

Arango,  Francisco  de 568,569 

Arango  y  Parrenca,  Don  Francisco 730 

Arcascollege 580 

Areas  de  Canasi 19 

Arderins  y  Garcia,  Jose  (Governor) 698 

Area  by  density  of  population 75 

cultivated 553-555 

in  principal  crojw 558-559 

of  Cuba .-  18,73,74 

districts 191-193 

farms 543 

by  tenure  and  race  of  occupants 546 

forests.. 553-555 

provinces 74 

sugar  plantations 560 

tobacco  plantations 560 

percentages  in  farms  and  cultivated 543 

relation  to  center  of  population 77-80 

Argentina,  percentage  of  unmarried •_ 146 

widowed 143 

Arias,  Alejandro  Rodriguez  (Governor) 698 

Army,  insurgent 87 

support  of  Spanish-Cuban 88 

Arrate,  Jo86 737 

Artemisa  district 180,184,192,196,901, 

319,226,239-241,300,359,  419-423.  509,  513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  681,  699 

Asia,  natives  of ,  residing  in  Cuba 472-475,499-506 

Asphaltum  deposits 21 

Atares  castle 36 

Atkins,E.F 526 

Attorneys,  examination  requisite 59 

Audiencias _ 56,57,59 

Audiencia  of  Santo  Domingo,  auditing  system 30 

Augustine,  order 569 

Australia,  natives  residing  in  Cuba 220-225, 472-475, 499-506 

Austria,  percentage  of  unmarried 146 

Authors  cited  or  mentioned,  list  of 737-738 

Authorities,  council  of 53 

Autonomy,  not  independence,  desired  by  industrial  classes 32 

Avila,  Juan  de  (Governor) 696 

Avilis,  Pedro  Menendezde  (Governor) 697 

B. 

Bahia  Honda  district 180,184,192,106,201, 

219,226,239-241,  300,  359,  419-423,509,513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  681,699 

Bainoa  district 179,181,191,194,200,202, 

218,225,232-235,299,358,406-412,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  672,  698 

Baja  district     {See  Mantua  district. ) 


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744  INDEX. 

Balnueva,  Pedro  Valdee  (Gtovemor) 997 

Balnnevo,  Jnan  Maldonado  (Gtovemor) 6©7 

Banking  facilities,  lack  of 31 

Baracoa 27,29,175,190 

Baracoa  district 181, 188, 193, 198,202,205, 220, 227,248-250, 

301.860.433-437,511,514,517,519,  522,  555,  695,  699,  722,  724,  726 

Barbados,  percentage  of  nnmarried 146 

widowed 143 

Barnes,  I.  A 625 

Barrios 12,17,46 

Basseconrt,  Jnan  (Governor) 697 

Bastida,  Don  Pablo  Rniz  dela 731 

Batabano... 27,175,190 

Batabano  district 179,181,191,194,200,202, 

218,225,232-235,299,358,406-412,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  673,  698 
Banta  district 179,181,191,194,200,202, 

218,225,232-235,299,358,406-412,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  670,  698 

Bayamocity 190 

Bayamo  district 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227,248-250, 

301,360.433-437,511,514,517,  519,  522,  555,  693,  699,  722,  724,  725 

Beet  sugar,  price  and  effect  on  Cnban  production  of  cane  sngar 525-527 

Behm  and  Wagner 737 

Bejncal  city 190 

Bejncal  district.. 179,181,191,194,200,202, 

218,225,232-235,299,358,406-412,507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  678,  698 

Belen,  Jesuit  College  of 580 

Belgium,  percentage  of  children a> 

unmarried 146 

Belt,  D.  G 625 

Benificencia,  school 568 

Bermuda,  percentage  of  widowed 143 

Betancourt,  Gen.  Pedro  E 635 

Bethlehemite  fathers 565,574 

Bibliography ...* 737,738 

Birds 23 

Births 714-716,720-722 

excess  over  deaths 72 

Birthplace 218-225,499-506 

Black  Eagle,  society  of 35 

Blackman 737 

Black  Warrior,  detention  of  steamer 39 

Blanco  y  Erenas, Ramon  (Governor) 54,698 

Blow.Capt.  W.  N.,  disbursing  officer 625 

Bolivar,  Simon 35 

Bolivar,  Soles  de 33 

Bolondron 175.190 

Bolondron  district 180,191,196,203,218.226,236- 

239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 677, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Bennett,  William 527 

Breadwinners,  discussion  of  statistics  regarding 154-167 

See  also  References  to  tables  under  "Occupations." 

Bresa,  de  (Governor) 67 

British  occupation  of  Habana  beneficial 43 

Brooke,  Maj.  Gen.  John  R.  (Military  Gt)ver nor) 54,57,59,584 


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INDEX.  745 

Page. 

Bacarely,  Antonio  M.  (Gtovemor) 607 

Bnccaneering 29 

Bnena  Esperanza,  Gulf 18 

Bnildings  (see  Dwellings) 167 

Burgos,  laws  of 66 

Bulletins,  publication  of  census 14 

C. 

Caballero,  Don  Jos^  Augustin 567,568 

Cabanas  district 180.184,192,196,201, 

219, 226, 239-241, 300, 359,419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521 ,  554, 681, 699 

Cabrera.. 787 

Cabrera,  Lorenzo  de  (Governor) 697 

Cadenas.  Manuel  P 641 

Cadiz,  exclusive  trade  privileges  granted 27 

Cagigal,  Francisco  (Governor) , 697 

Cagigal,  Juan  M.  (Governor) 697 

Caibarien 27,190 

Caibarien  district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247, 

301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 686, 688, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Calabazar  city 190 

Calabazar  district 180, 186, 192, 198, 201 ,  204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 688, 699, 721, 728, 725 

Callahan,  J.  M 787 

Calleja  e  Isasi,  Emilio  (Governor) 698 

Camajuani  city 190 

Camajuani  district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247,301, 

360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 688, 699, 721, 723, 725 
Camarones  district.     (56€  San  Fernando  district.) 

Campechuela  city 190 

Campechuela  district. 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227,248-250 

301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 724, 725 

Campos,  Arsenic  Martinez  (Governor)  698 

Canada,  natives  residing  in  Cuba 220,225,472-475,499-606 

Canary  Islanders 680 

Canasi  district. 180,184,196,203,218,226,286-239, 

300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 677, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Candelaria  district 180,184,192,196, 

201 ,219, 226, 239-241,300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681,699 
Caney.     (See  El  Caney.) 

Caney  district 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227, 

247-250, 301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691,699,722,724, 725 

Canodistrict 179,181,191,194,200, 

202, 218, 225,232-235, 299, 358, 406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553,672,698 

Capitulation  of  Zanjon 37 

Captain  generals  (see  Gk)vemors) 696-698 

Carballo,  Don  Juan  F 574 

Carbo,  Buenaventura  (Governor) 698 

Cardenas  city,  report  of  enumeration 666-668 

revolutionary  attack  upon 35 

Statistics: 

Age  and  sex 203 

Birthplace 218 

Breadwinners 156,157 


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746  INDEX. 

Cardenas  dty,  statistios— Ck>ntiniiecL  Pn^e. 

Citironflhip ^ » 

literacy  and  edocatioii 296-899 

Conjngal  condition 800 

Dwellings  and  familiea 513 

watersnpply - ITS 

Excreta,  method  of  disposition 177,5S0 

Families m 

Gkurbage  disposal 175,518 

Literacy 148.149 

Marriage  ratios 190. 132, 1S7, 1» 

Nativity 99 

Occupations 156,157,413-418 

Population 190 

School  attendance 800 

Sex  and  nativity 196.300 

Sex  and  race 196-^00 

Water-supply  sources 172,515 

Cardenas  district 180,191,196.203,218,226,236-839. 

300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 675. 699, 720, 722, 734 

Carlos  Rojas  district 180.191,196.203,818,296, 

236-289,  359, 413-418,  508,  512,  515, 518, 520, 553, 676, 699, 730, 728, 734 

Carmen,  Ntra.  Sra.  del,  college 58Q 

Carrefio,  Francisco  (Governor) 697 

Cartagena  district 180,186,192,198,201,204.219,227,244-247, 

301,  360,  426-432, 510,  513,  516,  519, 521, 554, 686, 694, 699, 722,  '^34, 785 

Cartwright,  Major  Geo.  S 684 

Casa  de  Contrataoion 27 

Casas,  Don  Luis  de  las  (Governor) 568.697,739 

Casiguas  district 179,181,191,194, 

200,  202  218,  225,  232-235,  299,  358, 406-413, 507, 515, 520. 553, 673. 698, 

Castellanos,  Adolfos  Jiminez  (Gkyvemor) 33.698 

Castilla,  Don  Juan  Cirillo  de 567 

Castillo,  Ignacio  Maria  del  (Gtovemor) 698 

Catalina  district 170, 181, 191, 194. 2«>,  201 

218,  225,  232-235,  299,  858,  406-413,  507,512,515,517,520.553,674.698 

Cattle 540,561-564 

Cattle  ranches 540 

Canto  Embarcadero 8l> 

valley  of 20 

Cayajabos  district    (See  Artemisa  district. ) 

Cays,  enumeration  of  population  on 665, 66S 

Ceballosy  Vargas,  Francisco  (Governor) 698 

Ceiba  del  Agua  district 179,181,191,194,200,202, 

218,225,282-235,  299,  358,  406-418,  507,  512,  515,  517.  520,553,673,693 

Ceja  de  Pablo  district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-847. 

301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 687, 699, 731, 733, 735 

Ceniti.  Governor ^ 

Censos,  amount 41 

Census,  a  step  toward  self-government 9,10 

date  basis  of  statistics 72 

cost  of  taking 10, 7» 

field  work 11 

{performed  by  Cubans 9 

termination  of 18 


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INDEX.  747 


Census,  headqaarters  chosen 11 

limitations  prescribed 9 

memorandum  plan 9 

orders  governing 11,621-086 

officers  appointed 681-625 

proclamation  of  the  President -       10 

property,  disposition  of 1 789 

schedules 61 

tohecomplete  andaccurate 10 

Censuses,  analysis  of  previous  - 708-726 

of  Cuba .        72 

Center  of  population 77-60 

Central  America,  natives,  resident  in  Cuba 98, 220-225, 472-475, 499-506 

Centro  Gallego  college 580 

Cervantes  college 580 

Cervantes  district.    (See  Perico  district. ) 

Cervera,  Admiral 41 

Chacon,  Luis  (Gtovemor) 697 

Charles m 67,567 

Charles  IV 567 

Charles  V,  licensing  of  slave  trade 67 

"New  laws" 66 

Chavez,  Antonio  (Governor) ^ 696 

Chavez,  Manuela 650 

Child  labor .• 155 

Children,  illegitimate 854-857 

percentage  by  age  periods •    91 

proportion  in  foreign  countries 85 

ratios  by  age 89 

Chile,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

widowed 148 

China,  immigration  from,  regulated 70 

treaty  with  Spain 71 

Chinese  inmiigration 69-71,788 

enrollment  of  those  in  Cuba 71 

number  in  Cuba 220-225 

occupations  of -       71 

percentages  of 96 

Chinchilla  y  Dlez  de  Onata,  Joe6  (Governor) 698 

Chirino,  Nicolas  (Governor) 697 

Church,  effect  on  colonization 44 

efforts  to  prevent  slavery 66 

maintenance 88 

property,  value 44 

Cidra  district.    (  Sefi  Santa  Ana  district. ) 

Ciego  de  Avila  city 190 

Ciego  de  Avila  district 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227. 

242,  248,  800,  859,  424-426,  510,  518,516,519,521,554,682,720,728,725 

Cienfaegos  city,  revolutionary  demonstration  in 85 

statistics: 

Age 204,218,875,876 

Birthplace 219,228 

Citizenship 227,244-247.279-282 

Conjugal  condition 120, 182, 187, 189, 801, 804, 88^-887 


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748  INDEX. 

Cienfaegofl  city,  statifltics— Continaed.  P««e. 

Dwellings 518 

Education 408 

Families 510 

Illegitimates 856 

Literacy 148,149 

Nativity 99 

Occupations 156,157,426-433,452,453 

Population 190 

Race 198 

Sanitation— disposal  of  excreta 177,588 

garbage 175,519 

School  attendance 150,860,894,395 

Sex 198,301 

Watersupply 172,516 

aenfuegos  district 180,186,102,198,301,204,219,227,344-247. 

801, 860, 436-433, 510, 513, 516, 519, 531, 554, 685, 699, 721, 723, 7% 

Cienfuegos,  Don  Jose  de  (Governor) 697,730 

Cif  uentes  city 190 

Cifuentes  district 180,186,193,198,301,304,319,227,244-247, 

801, 860, 436-483, 510, 518, 516, 519, 531, 554, 687, 699, 731, 723, 725 
Cimarrones  district.    (See  Carlos  Rojas  district.) 

Cisneros,  PascualJimeuez  de  (Governor) 697 

Cities,  comparison  with  previous  statistics 76 

cor];>orate  limits  of 76 

distribution  of 76 

population  of 76,77,190,191 

plans 44 

Citizenship,  discussion  of  statistics 100-112 

statistics: 

In  relation  to  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity 351-298 

In  relation  to  sex  and  occupation 465-467,485-489 

In  relation  to  literacy  and  education 228-250 

Ci^l  Code  promulgated 87 

Clark 737 

Cleveland,  Grover  (President) 39 

Climate 21 

Coast,  cities  located  upon • 76 

formation  and  character  of 18 

sparsely  populated 75 

Cobrecity '. IW 

Cobredistrict 185,188,198,198,303,305,330,337,347-350, 

801, 860, 438-487, 511, 514, 517, 519, 533, 555, 691, 699, 7^,  724, 725 

Cobra  range  of  mountains -      20 

Cocoa,  production 539 

Coffee  cultivation 1 48,538 

export  duty  established 27 

exports  by  years 537 

introduction  of  culture 537 

plantations 540 

Cohabitation  without  marriage 181 

College,  Jesuit,  established 566 

College  of  lawyers 58 

Colleges  (see  Schools) 584 

Collegioe  de  Escuelas  Pias 580 


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INDEX.  749 

P»ge. 

Colnxnbia,  relation  to  revolntions 85 

Colon  city 190 

Colon  district 180,191,196,^,218,226,286-239, 

800, 859, 4ia-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 558, 677, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Colonias 529-532 

Colonies,  plans  of - 44,45 

Colonization  of  Cuba... 24-44 

plan  followed,  Roman  in  character 44 

Color.     (SeeBMse,) 

Color  line 69 

Colored,  percentage  of  population 200-202 

slave  and  free.  98,710,711 

Colnmbns,  Christopber 24,737 

Colnmbus,  Don  Diego 25,66 

Commerce,  colonial,  with  Spain 80,31 

taxes  on  enterprise 30 

Committee,  proyincial 51 

Concessions,  economic 81 

trade 87 

Concha,  Jose  Gutierrez  la  (Governor) 698 

Condition,  conjugal.    {See  Marriage;  also  (Conjugal  condition.) 

Conditions,  economic,  prior  to  American  occupation 88 

political  and  economic  insei>arable 32 

sanitary,  of  dwellings 167 

social 69 

unsanitary 85 

Congedo,  Don  Juan 565 

Congress  of  American  Republics,  objects 88,84 

relation  of  United  States  to 33 

results 34 

Congress  of  United  States,  action  taken 40,41 

Conjugal  condition  and  age 122,128,306-353 

nativity 299-353 

occupations 469-471,494-498 

race 124,299-353 

sex 299-353,469-471,494-498 

common-law  marriage 131 

consensual  unions 131 

discussion  of  tables 117-147 

from  earlier  censuses 710-717 

ratios  of  increase , 127 

married 138,715 

Conover,  A.  E :.-.      625 

Conseijo  Regional 51 

Consolacion  del  Norte  district 180,185,192,196, 

201,  219.  226,  23^241,  300,  359,  419-423,  509,  516,518,521,554,679,699 

Consolacion  del  Surcity 190 

Consolacion  del  Sur  district 180,185,192,196,201, 

219,  226,  239-241,  800,  859,  419-423,  509,  513,  516,518,521,554,679,699 

Constitution  of  1812,  Spanish •-.        83 

extended  to  Cuba .    37,52 

Conspiracies 38-39 

Contadores 80 

Convents*  classification  of  occupants 113 


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760  INDEX. 

Gonyedo 566 

Coolies,  importation  of W 

Copper  depoflitB 21 

Corcho,  Fr.  ADtonio  Perez  de 566 

Cordillera  de  lo8  OrganoB 19 

Cordoba,  Diego  de  (Gtovemor) - 597 

Cordoba,  Jose  Fernandez  de  (Governor) 697 

Cordona,  Tomas 631 

Cordova,  Francisoo  Fernandez  de 728 

Corral  Falao  city 190 

Cortes,  Cnban  representation  in 35-87,55 

of  CastUe 43 

Coetof  oensns 10,739 

Costa  Rioa,  proportion  of  nnmarried 146 

widowed 143 

Conncil,  monicipal 46-47 

of  administration 53 

anthorities 53 

the  Indies 27,43,566 

trade 27 

Conrts,  andiencias 56,57,59,60 

character  of  administration 59 

mnnidpal 56 

organization  of 57 

of  first  instance,  jurisdiction — 57 

police 59^ 

supreme 59 

Criminals,  Chinese 71 

negro 69 

Cristobal  Colon  College 580 

Cristocity 190 

Cristo  district 181,188,198,198,202,205,220,227,247- 

260,  801,  860,  488-187,  511,  514,  517,  519,  522,555,691,699,722,724,725 

Crittenden,  Colonel 36 

Crops,  principal,  area  cnltiyated 558,559 

Cmcescity 190 

Cmces  district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244- 

247,  801,  860,  426^182,  610,  518,  516,  519,  521,564,686,699,721,723,725 

Cruz,  Cape 18 

Cnadrado.Dr.  Ghiston  Alonso 574 

Cuba,  center  of  population 80 

location  of  island 17 

names  given: 

Juana 34 

Femandina 25 

Santiago 24 

natives  of  island 220-225,472-475,499-506 

settlement 28 

representation  in  Cortes 55 

Cuban  debt,  amount 88 

deficits  added * 81 

payment  of  interest  on 88 

Cuban  Republics 65 

Cuevitascity... I..'!"".] 190 


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INDEX.  751 

Page. 

Cuevitas  district 180,191,196,203,218,226,287- 

239,  300,  359,  4ia-418,  608,  512,  515,  518,520,553,677,699,720,722,724 

Cnrrency  system 81 

Curricnlmn,  University  of  Habana 570 


Daiquiri  city 190 

Dairla,  Francisco  ((Governor) 697 

Davey 737 

Davis •     737 

Davis,  Maj.  J.  G 724 

Deaths,  by  districts  and  years 724 

provincesand  years 717 

ratios 718 

Debt,  Cuban,  cost  of  ten  years' war  added 87 

(See  also  Cuban  debt.) 

Decrees 709 

Insular,  directing  Chinese  to  leave 71 

Royal 27,28,32,34,70,71,582,700 

Delitsch,  Otto.. 787 

Demands  for  reforms 37 

Denmark,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

Density  of  population,  discussion  of  tables 73 

ratios , 75 

rural  population 74 

Deputation,  provincial 60 

Departments,  secretaries  of 64 

Oriental  and  Occidental 60 

De Soto,  Hernandez  (Gk>vemor) 25,51,698,728 

Development,  reasons  for  slow  economic 31 

Dewey,  Commodore  G^rge 40 

DHespel  D'Harponville,  Gustavo 731,737 

Director  of  the  census 13,15 

letter  of  transmittal 9-15 

reports  submitted  by  subordinates 625-668 

Discovery  of  Cuba 24 

Districts,  municipal,  authority  of  Military  Gtovemor 47 

division  of  territory 46 

Divorce 118 

Doming^ez 737 

Dominican  fathers 666 

friars 674 

Drake,  Sir  Francis 634 

Dudley,D.E 173 

Dulce  y  Garay,  Domingo  (Governor) 698 

Dumas,  Prof.  Ciaudio  (supervisor) 621 

report  as  supervisor  of  Matanzas  province 631-638 

Duties,  customs 28 

Dwellings,  aboriginal : 65 

disposal  of  excreta 176-178,520-522 

garbage 175,176,517-519 

families  occupying 169,512-514 

sanitary  condition 167 

watersupply :.  171,515-517 


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752  INDEX. 

E. 

Education 555-620 

age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity - 400-403 

citizenship  and  literacy 100-112 

cost 584 

degreeshown  bystatistics 147 

fnnds  available  in  former  times 38 

history  of  Cuban  schools 565-581 

lack  of  facilities 42 

literacy  and  school  attendance 358-360 

opposed  by  the  church 44 

sex  and  literacy,  by  selected  occupations 467-469, 489-493 

Edwards 737 

ElCaney 41,175 

Election  of  councilors 47 

Elections,  early  municipal 45 

Eilectors,  discussion  of  tables 100-112 

literacy 113 

nativity 101-112 

qualifications 45,49 

race 101-112 

Elevation  and  distribution  of  population 80 

Elizabeth,  Queen 534 

El  Progreso  College 580 

Emancipation  of  slaves 68 

Embargo,  Cuban  ports  placed  under 27 

Emigration,  effect 72 

Employments.     (See  Occupations. ) 

Encomiendas 65,66,67,728 

Encrucijada  city ., 190 

England,  efforts  to  stop  slave  trade 68 

natives  residing  in  Cuba 320-225 

proportion  of  unmarried 146 

English  Ufe  table 86,89 

Enna,  General 36 

Enumeration  districts,  boundaries 12 

formation 11 

number 12 

Enumerators,  appointment 12 

instructions 12,13 

list  of  names 66^-695 

Escaleras  de  Jaruco 19 

EscuelasPias  College 580 

Espado,  Bishop 569 

Espeleta,  Jose  (Governor) 697 

Esperanza city , 190 

Esperanza  district 180, 186, 192, 198, 201 ,  204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513,  516, 519, 521, 554, 684, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Esquivil,  Juan  (Governor). 697 

Europe,  natives,  resident  in  Cuba '. 220-225 

percentage  of  married 188 

sugar  production 525 

Evans,  Major 60 

Excreta,  methods  of  disposition 176,520-523 


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INDEX.  753 

Exi>editions,  insurrectionary 35 

Expenditures,  itemized  statement 9,739 

Exploration 45 

Exports  of  coffee 637 

Ezpeleta  y  Enrille,  Joaquin  (Gtovemor) 697 

F. 

Fajardoe  Izqmerdo,  Ramon  (Gtovemor) 696 

Fajardo  Manuel  Breton 643 

Families 507-511 

and  dwellings 169,512-514 

discussion  of  statistics... 112-117 

size  of ...      113 

Farms,  area 553-555 

and  percentage  of  cultivation 543 

number 540,553-555 

and  area,  showing  tenure  and  race  of  occupants 546 

products 547-552 

tenure  by  area,  showing  race  of  occupant 555-557 

ownership  and  race  of  occupant 544 

Farr's  English  life  table 86,89 

Fauna 23 

Females,  ratios  and  numbers  of.    (See  Sex.) 

Ferdinand,  King 24,52,67 

Ferdinand  VII 33,569 

Femandia,  name  given  Cuba 25 

Fernandez,  Francisco 534 

Fernandez  y  Caballero  de  Bodas,  Antonio  (Governor) 698 

Field  work  of  the  census.     (See  Census.) 

Figueroa  y  Garaondo,  Cayetano  (Oovemor) 698 

Filibustering 85-40 

Fiscal 56 

Fisheries,  tables.     {See  Occupations.) 

Fiske,  A.  K 737 

Fiske,  Prof .  John 66,737 

Flora .        22 

Flores,  Rodrigo  de  (Governor) 697 

Florida,  distance  from  Cuba 17 

cessionof 43 

Strait  of ,  controlled  by  Cuba 17 

Flotas 27-29 

Fomento,  Junta  de 69 

Foreign  bom.     (See  Nativity.) 

Forest  area 553-555 

Forests 22 

France,  natives  of,  resident  in  Cuba 220-225 

percentageof  children 85 

proportion  of  unmarried 146 

sugar  production 525 

Fras,  Francisco  de . . 86 

Freedom,  effect  of  economic  and  political 32 

Froude 737 

Fruits 624,589,550,551 

24662 48 


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754  INDEX. 

*^ 

G^amboa,  Francisco  Biano  de  (Governor) 697 

Game 28 

Gannett,  Prof .  Henry 18,14 

Garbage  disposal 175,517^19 

Garcia,  Asuncion 637 

Garcini,  Jose.. W2 

Gaurabo  River 174 

G^eography  of  Cuba H-SO 

Santiago  province 652 

Germany,  natives  in  Cuba 220-225,473-475,48^506 

proportion  of  unmarried 146 

Gibaracity IW 

Gibaradistrict 181, 189, 193, 108, 302, 205,  m2?7, 

247-250, 301, 300, 433-437, 511, 514, 519, 522, 555, 694, 699, 723,784,725 

Ginoves  del  Espinar,  Felipe  (GK>vemor) 6fc 

Giron,  buccaneer 29 

Gironm,  Pedro  Tellez  de  ((Governor) 697 

Gk)ld  mining 21 

Gk>mez,  G^n.  Jos6  Miguel 65i) 

Gk>mez,  Jos6  Sanchez  (Gtovemor) 688 

Gk)nzaga,  San  Luis  College 5S0 

GK)nzalez,  Buenaventura ®9 

Gtonzalez,  Franciscadel  Valle 650 

Government 43-6^' 

autonomous 55 

colonial  theory  of  Spain 36,S2 

effect  on  economic  conditions 82 

insular  colonial 51 

military  objects 55 

municipal 45-49 

provincial 50,51 

Spanish,  an  object  of  suspicion 31 

theory  of  Spanish  colonial ♦* 

Gtovemors,  civil,  of  provinces 51 

Governor-Generals,  list  of W6-696 

statusof 5S 

to  appoint  provincial  officers 50 

Governors,  character 82 

chronological  list 696-686 

regional 51 

Spanish  appointive  policy. ^ 

Grant,  U.  S.  (President) S9 

Great  Britain,  natives  resident  in  Cuba 472-475,48^^ 

Greene,Maj.  G^en.  F.  V 1^ 

Grierson,  Capt.  Charles  H.,  disbursing  officer , ®5 

Griffin,  A.P.C-.  575 

Grijalva,  Juan  de *^ 

Guabairo  colonia 529-^ 

Guamacaro  district 180,191,196,203,218,2^,337- 

239,  300,  359,  413-418,  508,  512,  515,  518,  520,553,675,699,730,723,734 
Guamutus  district.     (Se6  Marti  district.) 

Guanabacoa  city,  age 30S 

birthplace 218 


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INDEX.  765 

Page. 

Gnanabacoa city,  citizenship 225,232-235 

'  conjngal  condition 120,132,139,299 

dwellings 512 

famines 507 

literacy 148,149 

nativity 99,194 

occnpations 156,157,406-413 

population 190 

race 194 

sanitation— disposition  of  excreta 177,520 

garbage 175,517 

school  attendance 858 

sex 194,200 

water  supply 172,174,515 

Guanabacoa  district 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358,406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671, 698 

Guanajay  city 190 

Gnanajay  district 180,184,192,196,201,204, 

219, 226, 239-241, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699 

Guane  district 180,184,192,196,201,204, 

219, 226, 239-241, 300. 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699 

Goantanamo  city 190 

Gnantanamo  district 181, 189, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-250, 

301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 692, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Qnara  district 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 674, 698 

Guatemala,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

widowed 143 

Guayabal  district 180,185,192,196,201,204, 

219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699 

Guazo,  Gregorio  (GK>vemor) 697 

Guines 175,190 

Guines  district 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671, 698 

Gueme8,JuanF.(Gh>Ter|ior) 697 

Guiracity 190 

Guira  de  Helena  district 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218, 225, 232-236, 299, 358, 40^-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 673, 698 

Guiros,  Jose  Sanchez   688 

Guzman,  GK>nzalode  (Governor) 696,727 

Habana  city,  burned  by  privateers 28 

Chinese  immigrants  required  to  enter 70 

climate , -       21 

detention  of  BIocAp  Warrior  in  harbor 39 

fortification 29 

intendence  of ,  created 80 

lottery 38 

opened  as  port  of  entry 27 

by  British  to  free  trade 27 

rainfall 22 

ravaged  by  pirates 29 

surrender  to  English  42 

tribunal  of  accounts 31 

visit  of  battle  ship  Maine 40 


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756  INDEX. 

Habftna  city,  statiBtics:  Page. 

Age 91, 112, 20a.  908. 214, 877,878 

Birth  rate  by  yean ..,-' 716 

Births  by  years 714,720 

Birthplace 218,223,234 

Citizenship 108,225,228,229,232-285,288-286 

Gonjiigal  condition 119, 

190, 199, 194, 195, 197, 198, 189-145, 999, 804, 888-841, 728 

Death  rate  by  years 718,724 

Deaths,  aggregate 717 

Dwellings 187-170.512 

Education 103,402 

Families 114-116,170,507,512 

Illegitimates 356 

Literacy 108,148,149 

Nativity 99,194 

Ckxmpations 155,157,159,403-413, 

454, 455, 476-478, 481, 485, 486, 490, 494, 495, 500, 501 

Population 90,114,190,192 

Race 194 

Sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta 177,520 

garbage 175,517 

School  attendance 150,858,895,896,570 

Sex 82,111,194,200 

Watersupply 171,172,174,514,515 

Habana  district 179,189,191,194,900,903,218, 

295, 989-985, 999, 858, 406^18, 507, 519, 515, 517, 590, 558, 66&-670, 698 

Habana  province  created   53 

center  of  population 78 

division  into  districts 17 

report  of  census  supervisor 687 

statistics.    {See  References  under  provinces.) 

Haiti,  distance  from  Cuba 17 

relations  to  Cuba 84 

Halstead,  M 787 

Harbors,  character 18 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  President - 89 

Harvard  College 615 

Havabanllla  River 178 

Hazard,  Samuel 787 

Health,  effect  of  ignorance  on ,       85 

Helps,  Sir  Arthur 66,737 

Heredia,  Jose  Maria 83 

Hernandez,  Don  Antonio  Valle 780 

Herrera.  Maria  Josefa 638 

Herrada,  Luisa 650 

Hickey,  Col.  J.  B 615 

Hill,  Robert  T 80,737 

History 24-41 

of  agriculture 523-525 

of  coffee  production 537 

of  education 565-585 

of  sugar  production 525 

of  tobacco  production 533 

Holguin  city 190 


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INDEX.  757 

Page. 

Holgnin  district 181,189,198,202,205,220,227,247-260, 

801, 860, 438-487, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 698, 694, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Hollerith,  Herman 68,694 

Home  rule,  effect  of  Spanish  policy 82 

Honduras,  British,  proportion  of  nnmarried 146 

widowed '. 148 

Horses  and  moles  {see  also  Animals) 540 

Hotels,  classification  of  occupants 118 

Howden,Lord 70 

Hnber : 787 

Hnmanidades  de  Jesus  College 580 

Hximboldt,  Baron 68,737 

Hume 787 

Humidity,  relative 22 

Hungary,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

Hunt,  William  C 9,10 

Hurricanes ....  22,588 

Husbands,  ratios  to  wives,  widowed,  and  unmarried.    {See  Conjugal  condi- 
tion.) 

I. 

Illegitimates,  children 854-857 

Illiteracy  of  electors 102-112 

Illustrations,  selection  of 14 

list  of.    (See  Table  of  contents) . 

Immigration    729,  781 

Chinese 69 

effect  of  decrease 72 

effect  on  sex  ratios 88 

negro 67 

regulations 70 

tax  on  entry  of  immigrants 80 

Imprisonment  without  trial 69 

Incomunicado  imprisonment 69 

Indebtedness,  mortgage*  amount 41 

ratio 41 

Independence,  conditions  requisite 41 

conspiracy  to  secure , 85 

efforts  of  United  States  to  secure  for  island 89 

political,  not  advocated  at  first 82 

Indiaps 66,727 

character  of  aborigines 65 

estimated  number 65 

enumeration 684 

Yucatan,  imported  into  Cuba 67 

Indies,  law  of  the 44 

Industries,  interests  of  Cuban,  subordinated  by  Spain 81 

profits  absorbed  by  Spain 81 

taxes  levied 80 

{See  Occupations.) 

Innocent  XUI,  Pope 666 

Inodoro,  definition  of  term 177 

Insects 24 

Institutes 579 

(See  Schools;  Colleges.) 


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758  INDEX. 

InsTurections — 35-40 

Intendence  of  Habana,  creation  of 80 

Intervention  of  United  States,  authorized 40 

effect  on  economic  conditions 42 

Ireland,  natives,  resident  in  Cnba 220-225 

percentage  of  children 85 

proportion  of  married 118 

unmarried 146 

Iron  mines 20 

Irving,  W 787 

Isabella  Queen 24 

Isabella  II,  Queen 8ft 

Isabel  de  Catolica  College 580 

Isla  de  Pinos  district, 179, 182, 191, 194,  JWO,  208, 

218, 225, 282-285, 299, 858, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 558, 674, 698 

Isle  of  Pines,  geography 20 

total  population 72 

Islands,  character  of  adjacent 18 

Islets,  enumeration  of  population 665,666 

Italy,  natives,  resident  in  Cuba 220-225 

proportion  of  tmmarried 146 

J. 

Jaguey  Grande  district 180,191,196,203,218, 

237-289, 800, 859, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 558, 678, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Jamaica 17,24,67 

proportion  of  widowed  population 143 

James  I,  King 534 

Japan,  natives  of,  residing  in  Cuba 220-225 

Jarucocity 190 

Jaruco  district 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671. 698 

Jews 26 

Jibacoa  district.    (See  Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  district.) 

Jicotea  River 172 

Jiguani  district 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227. 

247-250, 301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 693, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Jiminez,  Juan  Bautista,  supervisor 621 

report  of 647-652 

John,  Prince 24 

Jomarron,  Luis  F 639 

Jovellanos. 175,190 

Jovellanos  district 180,191,196,203,218,226, 

237-239, 800, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Jovellar  y  Solar,  Joaquin  (Governor) 698 

Juana,  name  given  Cuba 24 

Judges,  election 61 

salaries  of 50-60 

Judiciary 55 

independence  of 59 

Julian  Diaz  district 180,185,192,196,201,204, 

219,  226,  239-242,  300,  359,  419-423,  509,  513,516,518,521,554,681,699 

Junta,  Cuban,  in  New  York 86 

Juragua  Company 21 


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INDEX,  759 

Page. 

Jnstice,  former  administration  of 59 

Jozado  de  Gnardia 57 

K. 

Key  West,  Fla 17 

Kidd,  Benjamin 787 

Kimball,  R.  M 737 

Kindelan,  Sebastian  (Gk)y6rnor) 697 

L. 

Labor  on  colonias 530 

qnestion,  relation  to  negroes 69 

(See  Occnpations.) 
Laborers.    (See  Occnpations.) 

Lappin,R.C 625 

LasCasas 65,66,567,569 

Las  Casas  (bishop) 66 

Las  Casas,  Lnis  de  (Governor) 568,697,729 

Las  Cincas  Villas , 17 

Lacoste,  Perfecto 533 

La  Gran  Antilla  College.. 580 

La  Gran  Piedra 18 

Lands,  grants  bestowed 65 

value 41 

Lane,  Ralph.'. 534 

Lasagra,  Sefior 675 

Las  Lajas  district     (See  Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas.) 

LasPozas,  attack  made  nx>on 36 

Las  Villas  tobacco 536 

Law.    (See  also  Government;  Civil  Code.) 

Moret , 68 

of  Indies 44 

school 577 

present  school 585-615 

Laws  governing  the  censns 11,621-624 

suppressing  slave  trade. 68,69 

nnder  military  government 56 

obstacles  presented  by 61 

of  Charles  V 66 

Spain  extended  to  the  island 46 

Lawton,  Gten.  Henry  W 41 

Lawyers,  College  of 68 

examination  of 58 

Lazaro,  Mignel  de    - 639 

Ledesma,  Francisco  de  (Governor) 697 

liee,  Maj.  Gen.  Fitz  Hngh 737 

Leeward  Islands,  prox>ortion  of  unmarried 146 

widowed 143 

tiemus,  Jose  Francisco 83 

Lendez,  Lorrenzo 674 

Leon,  Antonlade 638 

Lersundi,  Francisco  (Governor) 698 

Letran,  Convent  of  San  Juan  de , 566 


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760  INDEX. 

Letter  of  transmittal 9 

Liberal  Club  of  Habana 35 

Life  table,  Farr'B  English 86,89 

Limonarcity 190 

Literacy 43,147-154 

and  age 152,154,861^384 

citizenship 103-112,22^-250 

education lOS-112, 228-250, 85a-360, 467^69, 489-4W 

nativity 361-a34 

occupations 467-469,48^^93 

race...   153,361-884 

school  attendance 858-380 

sex  361-384 

discussion  of  tables 147-150,710-713 

tables  given  in  early  censuses 710-713 

tests  adopted  in  Habana  province 629 

Livestock 540,551,552 

by  kinds  of  animals 561 

showing  race  of  farm  occupants 562-564 

Loaysa,  Gtocia  Qironde  (Gtovemor) 697 

Lochridge,  Lieut,  P.  D.  (disbursing  officer) ft35 

Lodge,  Senator  H.  C 787 

Loew,  Oscar 537 

Longevity.    {See  also  references  to  age. ) 

comparative  data 85 

relation  of  sex  and  age 93-96 

LopeE,  NarciBO 35 

Los  Cayos  district : 191,200 

Los  Palacios  district.    {See  Palacios  district. ) 

Louisiana  purchase,  beneficial  to  Cuba 43 

Loyalty  of  Cubans  to  Spain. 43 

Ludlow,  Brig.  Gen.  William 59,60,737 

Lugo,  Pedro  Benites  de  (Gtovemor) 697 

Lujan,  Gabriel  de  (Governor) 52,097 

Luna,  Alvaro  de  (Governor) '. 697 

Luz,  Don  Jose  de  la 569,576 

M. 

Macaguacity 190 

Macagua  district 180,191,196,203,218,226,237 

239,300,859,413-418,508,512,515,  518,  520,  553,  678,  699,  720,  722,  724 

Macao,  port,  Chinese  immigration  restricted  to 70 

Maceo,  Antonio,  death 69,99 

Macdonaid 737 

Mackellar 737 

Madrugacity 190 

Madruga  district 179,182,191,200,203,218 

225,  232,233,  235,  299,  858,  406-413,  507,  512,515,517,520,553,674,698 

Maestra  Sierra 16,18,20,652 

Mahy,  Nicolas  de  (Gh>vemor) 697 

Maine,  battle  ship,  destruction  of  vessel 40 

Males: 

excess  in  age 93 

ratio  and  number 8(K-83 


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INDEX.  761 

Males— Goniinned.  Page. 

of  voting  age Ill 

totals  at  different  periods 81 

(See  references  to  Sex.) 

Manag^nacity 190 

Managna  district 179,182,191,194,200,203 

218,225,232-233,235,299,858,  406-418,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  671,698 
Mangas  district.     (See  Candelaria  district.) 

Mangnitocity 190 

Manifesto,  Ostend 89 

Manila  bay 40 

Manraneda,  Severino  de  (Governor) 697 

Manriqne,  Diego  (Governor) 697 

Mantna  district 180,185,192,196,201,204, 

219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699 

Mannfactories 523 

Mannfactnres  {see  Occni)ations) ,  decadence  of  Spanish 31 

Manzanillo  district  (see  also  districts  formerly  included,  Camx)echnela, 

Cristo,  and  Niqnero) 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227, 

247-250, 301, 860, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Manzanillo  city,  port  of  entry 27 

Statistics: 

age 205 

birthplace 220 

citizenship 227,248-250 

conjngal  condition x  120,132,139,301 

dwellings 514 

education 248-250 

families 511,514 

Uteracy 148,149,248-250 

nativity 99,198 

occnpations 156,157,433,437 

population 190 

race 198 

sanitation— disposition  of  excreta 177, 522 

garbage. 175,519 

school  attendance 360 

sex  198,202 

water  supply 172,174,517 

Manzano  y  Manzano,  Joaqnin  del  (Gk>vemor) 698 

Maps 11,74,700,701 

method  of  preparation 75 

Marcnriges  district 180,184,191,196,200,203,218,226,237- 

239, 300, 359, 41^-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 678, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Mari,  Francisco 638,660,665 

Marianao 175,190 

Marianao  district 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218, 225, 232, 238, 285, 299, 858, 406-413, 508, 512, 517, 520, 553, 670, 698 

Mariel 175 

Mariel  district 180,185,192,196,201, 

204, 219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423  *509,  518, 516, 518, 521, 554, 678, 699 

Marin  y  Gonzalez,  Sabas  (Gtovemor) 698 

Marital  condition.    {See  Conjngal  conditions.) 

discussion  of  statistics 117-147 


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7J52  INDEX. 

Page. 
Marriage.    (See  also  Conjngal  conditiona. ) 

disonasion  of  eziating  conditiona 117-147 

early 122,138 

ratdoe 127,715 

Marriagee,  by  yoara  and  by  diatricta 717,722,734 

Married.    (See  Con jogal  conditiona. ) 

M*rti  diatrict 180,184,191,196,200,208,218,226,237-239, 

300,  859,  418-418,  608,  512,  615,  518,  620,  553,  676,  699,  720,  722,  724 

Ifarti  y  Torrena,  DonFranciaco 733 

Martiallaw,  powera  conferred  on  Qoyemor-G^eneral 52 

royal  decree  authorizing 83 

Martin,  Aime 675 

Martin,  Jnan.Riva  (Governor) 697 

Martinez,  Dioniaio  (Gtovemor) 697 

Martinique,  percentage  of  maoried  population 118,121 

proportion  of  unmarried 146 

widowed 143 

Martyr,  Peter 65 

Maadival,  Joae 642 

Matanzaa,  attacked  by  piratea  ..  2& 

early  Bcbools 666 

portof  entry 27 

Matanzaa  city: 

age 208,215,879-880 

birthplace 218,224 

dtizenahip 226,237,288,287-290 

conjugal  conditiona 120,182,189,300,305,346-349 

dwellings 518 

education 237,238,402 

famiUea 509,613 

illegitimatea 357 

literacy 148,149,237,238 

nativity 99,196 

occupationa 156,157,413-418,456,457 

population  by  wards 184 

total 190 

race 196.215 

sanitation— diapoeition  of  excreta 177,522 

garbage 175,619 

school  attendance 150,859,396,397 

sex 196,200 

water  aupply 172,173,515 

Matanzaa  district 180,184,191,196,200,203,218,226, 

237-239, 300, 359, 413-418, 509, 518, 516, 520, 553, 675, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Matanzaa  province,  center  of  population 79 

created 60 

diviaion  into  districts 17 

(See  also  references  under  Provinces.) 

Maura,Se&or 37 

Maximo  Gomez  city 190 

Maximo  Gomez  district 180,184,191,196,200,208,219,226,237-239, 

300, 859, 413-418, 509, 513, 515, 518, 521, 554, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724 
Mayaricity 190 


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mDEZ.  763 

Page. 

Mayan  district 181, 189,  IW,  198,303,306,320, 227^ 

347-250, 301, 860, 438-487, 611, 614, 617, 519, 522, 655, 691, 699,733,734,735 

Maysi,  Cape 18 

Maysi,  Point 34 

Mazariegos,  Diego  de  (Governor) 696 

McKinley, William  (President) 11,637 

Helena  city 190 

Helena  del  Sur  district 179,183,191,194,300,303, 

318. 335, 383, 388, 386, 399, 868, 40^-413, 508, 513, 517, 530, 553, 670, 698 

Hendez  Capote  district 180,184,191,196,300,303,319,336,387-389, 

300,  859,  418-418,  509,  518,  515,  518,  531,554,676,699,730,733,734 

Heneses,  Sabas,  supervisor 631 

report  as  supervisor,  Santiago  province 653-657 

Herivale 787 

Herriam,  Hon.  W.  B.  (Director  United  States  Census) 9 

Hestre,  Teresa 650 

Hexico,  Gulf  of,  entrance  controlled  by  Cuba 18 

Hexico,  natives  resident  in  CJuba 98,330-335,473-475,  499-506 

proportion  of  unmarried 146 

widowed 148 

Hilitary  government,  changesmade 54 

Hilitary  (jk>v6mor,  appointive  power 49 

appointment  of 54 

authority  over  municipal  councils 49 

granted  new  x>ower  to  municipal  councils 49 

proclamation 64 

promulgates  Cuban  census  orders 11 

Hiller,  Haj.  William  H.  (disbursing  officer) 636 

Hineral  resources 30 

Hines 30 

Indians  employed 65 

Mining  statistics.    (566  Occupations.) 

Hirabel,  Bemacio 650 

Hiranda,  J.  Antonio 643 

Hiranda,  Valentine  Canedo  ((jtovemor).... 698 

Honroe  Doctrine 84 

Honserrat,  Neustra  Sra.  del  (college) 680 

Hontoto,  Enrique 689 

Honzon  y  Aguirre,  Juana 650 

Moors 36 

Horell,  Bisnop 666 

Horetlaw 68 

Moroncity 190 

Moron  district 180,186,193,196,301,304,319,337,343, 

348,  800,  859,  434-436,  510,  518,  516,  519,531,554,683,699,730,738,736 

Montalvo,  Gktbriel  (Ghovemor) 697 

Montana,  Juan  (Governor) 697 

Moya,Don  Juan  Felix  de 665 

Munibe,  Andres  ((jk)vemor) 697 

Municipal  courts 66 

districts,  number -^ 17 

taxes 80 

Municipalities,  authority  of  councils 47 

colonial  form  of  government 46 


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764  INDEX. 

Mtmicipalities,  new  powers  granted  to 49 

population 181-190 

Mnnioipality,  definition  given  in  laws 46 

Mnrgoia,  Manuel  (Gk>vemor) 097 

Mnro,  Salvador  de  (Governor) 697 

N. 

Nativity  and  age 205-217,261-298,306-353,861-384,400-403 

citizenship 100-112,261-298 

conjugal  condition 130-141,144,302-353 

education 400-403 

literacy 361-384 

occupation 164,165,462,463,477-480 

race 194-199. 

206-217, 302-553, 361-384, 400-403, 406-417, 462, 463, 477-480 

sex 194-199, 

206-217, 251-298, 802-353, 361-384, 400-403, 462, 463, 477-480 

widowed 144 

discussion  of  tables 96-100 

percentage  of  foreign  born 200-202 

Navarro,  Diego  J.  (Governor) 697 

Navy,  support  of  Spanish-Cuban 88 

Negro  uprisings 83 

Negroes,  history  of  Cuban 67-69 

percentage  of 96 

slave  and  free 98 

social  condition 69 

tables  from  early  censuses 710-713 

total  colored  population  at  different  periods 97 

Netherlands,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

Neutrality  observed  by  United  States 89 

New  Zealand,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

Niquerocity 190 

Niquero  district 181,189,193,202,205,220,227,247-250, 

801, 860, 433-437, 511 ,  514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 693, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Northers 22 

Nunez,  Maria 636,638 

Nunez,  Pedro 650 

Nueva  Paz  city 190 

Nueva  Paz  district 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218, 226, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 674, 698 

Nuevitas,  port  of  entry 27 

city 190 

district 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227,242, 

248, 300, 359, 424-426, 510, 51S,  516, 519, 521, 554, 682, 699, 720, 723, 725 

O. 

Ocampo,  Sebastian 25 

Occupations  and  age 159,438-461,468-465,480-484 

birthplace- 499-506 

citizenship 465-467,485-489 

conjugal  condition.  469-471,494-498 

education 467-469,489-493 


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INDEX.  765 

Page. 

Occnpations  and  literacy 4«7-469, 489-493 

nativity 164,477-480 

race 168,488-468,477-480 

sex 157,166,488-471,477-606 

by  provinces 476-477 

by  groups 163,165 

discnssion  of  tables 154-167 

of  earlier  censuses 712 

Olmsted,  Victor  H  ...  10,18,14,628-644,647 

appointed  assistant  director 621 

report  as  assistant  director 625-627 

V7ork  characterized 11 

Order  appointing  disbursing  officers  of  census 625 

Orders  relating  to  the  census 11 

War  Department,  as  to  census 621-^24 

Organ  Mountains 19 

Organization  of  Census 10,627 

Orography 19 

of  Santa  Clara  province 648 

Santiago  province 652 

Osorio,  Francisco  Qarcia  (Governor) 697 

Ostend  Manifesto 89 

Ovando,  Governor  of  San  Domingo 67 

Ovando,  Nicolas  de , 25,67 

Oviedo 534 

P. 

Pacificos 89 

Packard,  Robert  L 565 

Palacios,  Bishop  Felix  Jose  de  Treas.    (See  Trespalacios.) 

Palacios  district 180,185,192,196,201,204, 

219, 226, 289-242, 800, 859, 419-428, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699 

Palma  Soriano  city 190 

Palma  Soriano  district 181,189,198,198,202,205,220,247- 

250, 301, 360, 488-487, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 690, 699, 722, 724, 725 
PalmiUas  district 180,184,191,196,200,208,219,226,237- 

239, 300, 859, 418-419, 509, 518, 515, 518, 521, 554, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Palmira  city 190 

Palmira  district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244- 

247, 801, 860, 426-482, 510, 518, 516, 519, 521 ,  554, 686, 699, 721, 728, 725 

Pan  deMatanzas 19 

Paradas,  Francisco 674 

Parliament,  insular 58 

Pasamonte,  treasurer 66 

Pascual,  Augustin 787 

Paso  Real  de  San  Diego  district.    (See  Julian  Diaz  district ) 

Partido  tobacco 586 

Patriotism  of  Cubans 1 10 

Pecheco,  Sefior 70 

Penal  code  promulgated 87 

Penalvar 568 

Penalvar,  Fr.  Jose  Maria. 666 

Pendergast  y  GK>rdon,  Luis  (Governor) 698 

Pensions,  civil 59 


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766  INDEX. 

PMiflions,  teachers' 581^^584 

Pepper,  Charles  M 737 

Pequeno,  Pedro  N.,  supervisor  of  oeiisa8,Piziar  del  Rio  province 621 

report 639 

Peralta,  Grave  de 633 

Pereda,  G^aspar  Btdz  de  (Gk>venior) 697 

Pericocity _ 190 

Perico  district 180,184,191,1^,200,203,219,226,237-289, 

800, 359, 413-419, 509, 518, 515, 518, 521, 554, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Pestilence,  effect  on  population 73 

Peznela,  Don  Jacob  de  la 737 

Peznela,  Jnan  de  la  (Governor) 698,738 

Philip  n 584 

PhiUppine  Islands 40 

PicoTnrqnino 20 

Pieltain  7  Jove-Hnelgo,  Candido  (governor) 698 

PiSalosa,  Diego  (governor) 697 

Pinar  del  Rio  city,  age 204 

birthplace 219 

citizenship 1^6 

conjugal  condition 120,132,139,300 

dwellings 513 

education 240-242 

families 509-513 

literacy .    148,149,240-242 

nativity 99,196,201 

occupations .-  156,157,419-423 

population 190 

race 196-201 

sanitation — disposition  of  excreta 177,521 

garbage 175,518 

school  attendance 150,157,359 

sex 196,201,204 

water  supply 172,174,516 

Pinar  del  Rio  district 180,185,192,196,201,204, 

219, 226, 240-242, 300,  359,  419-423,  509,  513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  681,  699 
Pinar  del  Rio  province.    (For  references  to  tables,  see  Provinces.) 

center  of  population 78 

division  into  districts 17 

lossesin  i>opulation 73 

province  created 60 

Pipian  district 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218,226,232-235,299,358,  406-413,  508,  512,  515,  518,  520,  553,  674,  698 

Piracy 29 

Pitcher, Maj.W.L -.  60 

Placetascity \ 190 

Placetas  district 180, 186, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244r-247, 

301,  860,  426-482,  510,  518,  516,  519,  521,  554,  688,  699,  721,  723,  726 
Plantations.     (/See  Farms.) 

Indians  employed  in  agriculture 65 

Planters,  number 541 

Piatt,  Senator  O.H 9 

Playitas,  revolutionary  attack  upon 36 


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INDEX.  767 

Page. 

Polayiejayy  del  Castillo,  Camilo  (Governor) 698 

Police,  supervisor  of 60 

system  of  Habana 59 

Policy,  Spanish  colonial 27-32 

Polk,  President 38 

Population.  (See  also  References  under  Age,  Birthplace,  Citizenship,  Con- 
jugal Condition,  Education,  Families,  Dwellings,  Illegiti- 
mates, Literacy,  Nativity,  Occupations,  Race,  Sanitation, 
Sex,  School  Attendance,  Water  Supply.) 

by  previous  censuses    702-713 

provinces  and  municipal  districts 179-181 

wards  and  cities 181-190 

center  of 77-80 

method  of  computation 77 

density  by  districts 191-193 

discussion  of  tables 61-72 

distribution  by  altitude 80 

effects  of  ten  years' war 87 

war 42 

historical  r6sum6 727-736 

losses  in  total 73 

maximum 72 

per  square  mile 74 

rural,  by  districts  and  provinces 191-193 

discussion  of  tables 74-75 

total,  at  different  periods 179 

of  cities 190 

municipal  districts 179-181 

provinces 179 

wards 181-190 

urban,  discussion  of  tables 76,77 

Port  dues 28 

Porter,  Hon.  R.  P.     (fifec  ateo  Bibliography) 173,525 

Portocarrero,  Juan  de  Prado  (Gtovemor) 697 

Porto  Rico,  age  of  breadwinners 159 

married 121 

periods 86 

comparative  age  ratios 88 

condition  of  education  in  1880 570 

dwellings  and  families 170 

families,  number  of  members 116 

medianage 84 

by  sex 92 

natives,  resident  in  Cuba 98, 220-225, 472-475, 499-506 

occupations 155 

by  race 163,164 

percentage  of  children 134 

married 118,131,143 

population  occupied 157 

unmarried :• 146 

widowed 142,143 

population  of  marriageable  age 134 

ratioeof  ohildrenby  age.. 89 


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768  INDEX. 

Ports  of  entry,  Habana 43 

opening  to  commerce 27 

PortTampa 40 

Portugal,  natives,  resident  in  Cuba 220-225 

proportion  of  widowed 143 

Potrerillo 19 

Poverty,  effect  on  i>opnlation 85 

Pozo,  definition  of  term 177 

Pozos  Dnlces,  Count 38 

Perseverancia  college 580 

President,  proclamations  issued  by 10-40 

Prison,  classification  of  occupants  on  schedules 113 

Proclamation  of  Military  GK)vemor . 54 

President,  calling  for  volunteers 41 

Procuradores  syndicos 48 

Products,  chief  agricultural 523,504 

Professions.    (See  Occupations.) 

Property,  ratio  of  mortgages  to  value 41 

valuation  . 41 

Protocol  between  Spain  and  the  United  States 41 

Provinces: 

Areas  of 74 

Central 60 

Created 50 

Early  divisions  of  island 720 

Number  of  districts  constituting 17 

Occidental 50 

Organization 700-702 

Oriental 60 

Statistical  tables — 

Age  and  citizenship 112,855-278 

education 400-402 

literacy 863-374 

marriage 122,124,127,310-338 

occupations 480-484 

school  attendance 386-393 

sex 124,202 

median 90 

of  population  by  periods 90 

Adults,  ratio  of  consensual  unions  among 132 

sex  and  race  of  married 128 

Animals,  classification  of  owners 562-564 

on  farms,  not  on  farms,  and  total  number 561 

Area •     74 

of  farms 543,558-55i5 

of  forests 553-555 

percentage  cultivated  in  sugarcane 549 

tobacco 550 

of  farm  land  cultivated 543 

tototal 543 

under  cultivation  in  principal  crops 55^-559 

Birthplace ..  218-225 

and  selected  occupations.. 499-506 

Birth  rate  by  years 716 


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INDEX.  769 

Provincses— Continued.  Page. 

Statistical  tables— Continued. 

Births  by  years 714,720-722 

Breadwinners 15,156-159 

Buildings 168 

Buildings,  school 618 

Cattle,  classification  of  owners 562-564 

on  farms,  not  on  farms,  and  total 561 

Cattle  ranches 540 

Censos,  valuation  of  existing...-. 41 

Center  of  population 74-78 

Child  labor 155 

Children,  illegitimate 354-856 

percentage  of  given  ages 91 

ratio  to  population 91 

Citizenship 225-227 

and  age 255-278 

education 228-250 

literacy 228-250 

nativity 255-278 

occupations 485-489 

race 1 255-278 

sex 255-278,485-489 

Coffee  plantations 640 

CoUeges 584 

Conjugal  conditions,  consensual  unions 132-142 

andnativity 142 

percentages 182 

ratios  by  race 137 

marriage,  ratio  of  increase) 127 

ratios,  urban  and  rural 119,140 

and  age 122,124,127 

race...  125,187,145 

sex 124 

by  age 128,182,810-883 

districts 299,301 

nativity 302-304,310-333 

race 302-504, 310-333 

sex 302-804,310-333 

selected  occupations 494-498 

Cost  of  education 584 

Crops,  area  of  principal 558-559 

Cultivation,  percentage  of  farm  area  under 543 

Death  rate  by  years 718,724-726 

Deaths,  aggregate  by  years 717 

Density  of  population 191-193 

Districts,  list  of  enumerators 668-687 

Districts.     {See  References  by  name  of  each. ) 

Disbursing  officers 625 

Disbursement  of  census  funds 739 

Distilleries 552 

Dwellings  and  families 170,512-514 

disposal  of  excreta 178,520-522 

number  of  occupants 167-168 

24662 49 


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770  INDEX. 

ProvinceB-— Continaed.  P»«e. 

Statistical  tables— Continued. 

Dwellings,  nrban  and  rural .        169 

Education  and  age 400-402 

citizenship 228-250 

Uteracy 228-250,35^-360 

nativity 400-402 

occupations 489-493 

race  .  400-402 

school  attendance 858-360 

sex 400-402,489-493 

cost 684 

Enumerators,  list  by  districts 668-687 

Excreta,  methods  of  disposal  in  use 177,178,520-^522 

Families 114-116,507-511 

anddwellings 170,512-514 

Farms,  aggregate  number , 543 

area 543,553-555 

cultivated 553-655 

average  size 643 

number  of  inhabitants 544 

occupants  by  race 555-657 

occupied  by  owners  and  by  renters 644 

percentage  of  area  to  total  area 643 

tenure  by  occupant 555-657 

Forest  area 653-555 

Garbage  disposal 176,517-619 

Illegitimates 854-«6 

Indebtedness 41 

Institutes 544 

Labor  of  children 156 

Literacy 148,149 

and  age 868,874 

citizenship 228-350 

education 328-250,858-860,489-493 

nativity 868-874 

occupations 489-498 

race 868-874 

school  attendance 858-360 

sex 863-374,489-498 

of  rural  i>opulation 148,149 

Live  stock,  on  farms,  not  on  farms,  and  totals 661 

race  of  owners 663-664 

Males  of  voting  age HI 

Married 391M04 

Median  age 90 

Mor  tgage  indebtedness 41 

Nativity  and  age 207-212,255-278,363-374,400-402 

citizenship 255-278 

conjugal  condition 142,302-304,310-833 

education 400-402 

literacy 863-874 

race 194-302,307- 

212,  255-278,  302-304,  310-333,  363-374,400-402,  477-480 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INDEX.  771 

Provinces — Continued.  Page. 

Statistical  tables— Oontinned. 

Nativity  and  sex 194-202,207- 

212, 255-278,  302-804,  810-383, 863-874,  400-402.  477-480 

selected  occupations 477-480 

Occupations 15,156-159 

gronpe 408-451 

selected 476-477 

andaKe 440-451,480-484 

birthplace 499-506 

citizenship 485-489 

edncation 489-493 

literacy 489-493 

marriage  494-498 

nativity 477-480 

race 440-451,477-480 

sex 440-451,477-506 

Popnlation,  density 74 

of  cities 190 

districts 179-180 

wards 181-188 

percentage  of  nrban 76 

totals  at  different  periods 179,708 

Plantations.    (See  Farms;  Sngar  and  Tobacco  plantations.) 
Baceandage.  207-212,255-278,810-388,868-674,88&-898,400-402,44(M51 

birthplace 221-228 

citizenship 255-278 

conjugal  condition 128,187,802-804,310-888 

education 400-402 

farm  tenure 544,555,556,557 

literacy 868-674 

nativity 194-202,207-212, 

221-228, 255-278, 802-804, 810-888, 868-674, 400-402, 477-480 

occupations 44(M61, 477-480 

school  attendance 886-398,619 

sex 128, 194-202, 207-212, 221-228, 255-278, 802-804, 

810-888, 868-874, 886-898, 400-402, 440-451, 477-480, 619 

ratios 140 

Real  estate  values 41 

Regions 51 

B^ral  population  by  districts 191-198 

Sex  and  age... 124,207-212,255-278, 

802-604, 810-888, 868-874, 886-898, 400-402, 44(M51, 480-484 

birthplace 221-228.499-506 

citizenship 255-278,485-489 

conjugal  condition 124-128,802-604,810-888,494-498 

education 858-860,400-402,489-498 

Uteracy 858-860.868-874,489-498 

nativity 194-202,207- 

212, 255-278, 802-804, 810-888, 868-874, 40(M02, 477-480 

occupations 440-451,477-506 

race 194-202,207-212,221-228,255-278,802- 

804, 810-383, 868-874, 88&-898, 400-402, 440-451, 477-484 
school  attendance 858-860,886-898,619 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


772  INDEX. 

ProYinoes— Contiiiaed«  P'^^- 

Statistical  tables— Continoed. 

Sex  and  teachers 619 

excess  of  males 83 

School  attendance 158, 386-393,  «16, 618, 619 

by  age 886^393 

race 386-393,619 

sex 386-893,619 

rural 158 

Schools 584 

classification 618 

number 575,618 

School  buildings,  number  and  seating  capacity  .  .  .  618 

Stills,  number  and  capacity 552 

Sugarcane,  production _ 549 

percentage  of  total  cultivated  area 549 

centrals,  number  and  capacity. 552 

plantations 540,560 

Supervisors,  reports  of 627-657 

Teachers,  number  and  sex 619 

Tenure  of  farms  by  area,  cultivation,  and  number 555-557 

by  race  of  oocuiMmts 544,555-557 

Timberareas 553-555 

Tobacco,  area  cultivated 550 

crop  produced 549 

percentageofareato  total  cultivated  land. 550 

plantations 540 

number  and  size  by  production 560 

by  race  of  owner  and  renter 560 

(Jrban  population  ratios 114 

Values  of  censos. 41 

mortgages 41 

real  estate 41 

Water-supply  sources 171,174,514-517 

rural 174 

Widowed 144,299-301 

Provincial  government 50 

Public  works,  funds 88 

lacking 81 

PuentesOrandescity.. 190 

Puerto  Padre  city 190 

Puerto  Padre  district 181,189,198,198,202,205,220,227,247-350. 

801,860,  438-487,  511,514,  517,519,  522,565,  683,699,  722,724,  725 
Puerto  Principe  city,  age  ..  204,216,291-294,346-349,381,382,397-399,402,458,459 

birthplace 219,224 

citizenship 227,291-294 

conjugal  conditions 120, 132, 139, 300, 305, 346-349 

dwellings 513 

education 242,243,359,402 

families 510-513 

illegitimates 357 

literacy 148,149,242,248,359,381,382 

nativity ....  99, 196, 201, 216, 291-294, 805, 34(^-349, 881, 882, 402 

occupations 156,157,424-426,458,459 

population 190,881,382 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INDEX.  773 

Pag«. 

Puerto  Principe  city,  race. 19&,201 

316, 224, 291-2W,  305, 346-349, 381, 382, 897-^99, 402, 458, 459 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta 177, 522 

garbage 175,519 

school  attendance 150,859,397,399 

sex 196,201,204 

216, 224, 291-294, 305, 346-349, 881, 882, 897-399, 402, 458, 459 

watersnpply 172,174,576 

Puerto  Principe  district 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227,242, 

243,  300,  359,  424^426,  510,  518,  516,  519,521,  554,683,698,720,723,725 
Puerto  Principe  province.     (See  references  to  tables  under  Provinces.) 

center  of  population 79 

province  created 50 

division  into  districts 17 

Pupils.     {See  School  attendance.) 

Purchase  of  Cuba  by  United  States,  proposition  made 38,39 


Qualifications  of  municipal  electors 49 

Queensland,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

Queen  Regent  of  Spain 41 

Queipo,  Don  Vicompte  Vasquez 786 

Quemado  de  Guines  city 190 

Quemado  de  Guines  district 181, 187, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244- 

247,  301,  360,  426-432,  510,  514,  516,  519,  521,554,687,699,721,723,725 

Quero,  G^ronimo  de  (Governor) 697 

Qnivicancity 190 

Quivican  district 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218,  226,  232-235,  299,  358,  406-413,  508,  512,  515,518,520,553,673,698 

E. 

Race  and  age 95,205-217,261-298,861-403,438-461 

aggregate  population  by  periods 97 

birthplace 220-225 

citizenship 251-298 

conjugal  conditions 124^142,144,302-863 

literacy 158 

nativity 194-199, 

205-217, 251-298, 302-353, 361-384, 400-403, 462, 463, 477-480 

occupations 168,165,488-468 

school  attendance 152,885-400,618,619 

sex. . .  194-199, 205-217, 220-225, 231-298, 302-358, 361-403, 438-468, 477-480 

comparative  ratios 97 

discussion  of  statistics 96 

in  relation  to  farm  products 548 

of  farm  occupants 544,546,555-557,560 

relative  longevity 95 

tables  from  early  censuses 710-713 

Rafael  del  Castillo 566 

Rainfall 22 

Railroads 689 

Raja,  Vicentes  (Gtovemor) 697 

Raleigh,  Sir  Walter 534 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


774  INDEX. 

Ramat,  Bicardo.... 639 

Ramirez  (intendant) 560 

Ramos,  Flora 650 

Ramsey 738 

Rancho  Veloz  city 190 

Rancho  Veloz  district 181, 187, 192,198, 201, 204, 219, 237, 344- 

247, 801, 860, 436-432, 510, 514, 516, 519, 521, 554, 687, 699, 721, 733, 725 

Ranchnelo  city 190 

Ranchuelo  district 181,187,192,198,301,204,219,237.344- 

247, 801, 860, 426-482, 510, 514, 516, 519. 521 ,  554, 684, 699, 721, 733, 725 

Rasco,  Manael.sQpenrisor  of  censns.Habanaproyinoe 631 

report 627-631 

Ratifications  of  treaty,  exchange  of 41 

Ratios.    (See  Age,  Literacy,  Conjugal  conditions,  Nativity,  Occnpations, 
Race,  Sex.) 

Rea 787 

Reclus  Elis6e. 788 

Reciprocity  agreement 27 

Reconoentrados    .  78 

supplies  fnmished 40 

Reconcentration,  revocation  of  edict 40 

effect ...     72 

on  child  life 87 

policy 89 

Reforms  anticipated  by  colonists 86 

commission  to  consider  36 

demanded 87 

Regions,  political  divisions  so  called 51 

Registers  of  property 58 

Regla  city,  literacy 148,149 

conjugal  condition 120,132,189 

nativity 99 

occnpations 156,157 

population 190 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta 177 

watersupply.  172 

Regla  district 179,182,194,200,203,218,336, 

232,  233,  235,  236,  299,  358,  406-413,  508,  512,515,518,  520,553,671,698 

Religious  orders 568 

Augustine 569 

Remedies  city 190 

Remedies  district 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227,344- 

347,801,  860,426-432,  510,  514,  516,519,521,554,  688,  699,  721,723,  7^ 

Remedies  tobacco 536 

Repartimientos 65,67 

Representation  in  Cortes 35-37 

Reptiles 23 

Republics,  Cuban,  proclaimed 55 

Repu  blic  of  Cuba,  Congressional  resolution  recognizing 39 

Resources,  mineral 30 

Restrictions  on  colonial  production 81 

Revenues,  amounts 38 

from  taxation  and  lottery 38 

Spanish 39-31 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INDEX.  775 

Page. 

RevolatioD,la8t ^ 

of  1895-1898 89 

Revolntions 81-41 

Reyna  y  Reyna,  Tomas  (Governor) 698 

Rio  Canto 20 

Rivers 20,649,652 

lack  of 539 

Roads,  character 20 

Rocafort,  Mariano  (Governor) 697 

Rodascity  . 175,190 

Rodas  district 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227,244- 

247,  301,  360,  426-432,  510,  514,  516,  519,  521,554,686,699,721,728,725 

Rodrignez,  Rorrario • 636 

Rodrignez,  SeSor 574 

Roig,  Clarissa 638 

Roja 33 

Rojas,  Mannel  de  (Gtovemor) 696 

Romay,Dr 568 

Romero,  Jnlian 638 

Roncali ,  Federico  ( Governor ) 698 

Root.Elihn  (Secretary  of  War) 14,625 

Roqnecity 190 

Roqne  district 180,184,191,196,200,208,219,226,237- 

289,  800,  359,  413-419,  509,  513,  515,  518,521,554,678,699,720,722,724 

Rowan 738 

Royal  decrees.    (See  Decrees. ) 

S. 

Sabanilla  city 190 

SabaniUa  district 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,287- 

289,  300.  359,  413-419,  509,  513,  515,  518,521,554,677,699,720,722,724 

Saco,  Jose  Antonio 569 

Sagra,Sefiorla : 81 

Sagra,D.  Ramon  de  la 788 

Sagrado  Corazon  de  J esns  0>llege 580 

Sagna  de  Tanamo  city 190 

Sagua  de  Tanamo  district 181.189,193,198,202,205,220,227,247- 

250,  301,  360,  438-437,  511,  514,  517,  519,  522,555,692,699,722,724,725 

Sagna  la  Grande  city,  age 204 

birthplace 219 

citizenship 227 

conjngal  condition 120,132,189,301 

dwellings 514 

education 244-247,360 

families 510,514 

literacy   148,149,244-247,360 

nativity 99,198,201 

occnpations 156,157,426-482 

population 190 

race 198 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta 177,521 

garbage 175,519 

school  attendance 360 

sex 198,201,204 

water  snpply 172,516 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


776  INDEX. 

Sagua  la  Grande  district .  181, 187, 192, 1»8, 901, 204, 219, 287, 

244-247,301,360,425-432,510,514,516,519,521,554,687,699,721,728,723 

Sagoa  la  Qrande  Biver 20 

Salamanca  y  Begrete,  Mannel  (GK>yenior) 696 

Salamanca,  Juan  de  (Governor) 697 

Saluddistrict 179,182,191,194,200,203.218, 

226, 282, 233, 235, 236, 299, 858, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 673, 698 

Sampson.  William  T 41 

San  Ambrosia  College 566 

Hospital 568 

Seminary   568 

San  Anacleta  College 580 

San  Antonio  Cape 18 

San  Antonio  de  los  Bancs 175,190 

San  Antonio  delos  Bancs  district 179,182,191,194,200.203,218, 

226.288,235,286,299,858,406-418,508,512,515,518,520,553,672,673,699 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas  district 179, 182, 191, 194, 200, 203, 218, 2^, 

282,288,235,286,299,858,406-413.  508,  512,  515,  518,  520,  553,  678,  699 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas  district  .  181, 187, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244- 

247,801,860,426-433,510,  514,  516,  519,  521,  554,  686,  699,  721.  723,  725 
San  Antonio  de  Rio  Blanco  district.     {See  Santa  Craz  del  Norte. ) 

San  Basilo  Magno  seminary 567 

San  Carlos  College 568,580 

San  Caros  College 569 

Sanches,  Mannel  Andres 85 

Sanches,  Etelvina 632 

San  Cristobal  College 580 

San  Cristobal  district  -  180,185,192,196.201.904, 

219,226,240-242,800,  859,419-428,  509,  513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  680.  609 

Sancti  Spiritns  city,  age 204 

birtiiplace  _  219 

citizenship 227 

conjugal  condition 120,132,189.801 

dwellings 514 

education 244-247,360 

famUiee 510,514 

literacy 148,149,244-247,360 

nativity 99,196,201 

occupations 156,157,480-433 

population 190 

race...  198,201 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta 177,522 

garbage 175,519 

school  attendance 360 

sex 198,201,204 

watersupply 172,174,516 

Sancti  Spiritus  College 580 

Sancti  Spiritus  district 181,187,192,198,201,204,219, 

227,244-247,  301,860,426-433,  510,514,  516,  519,  522,  554,  689,  699,  721 

San  Diego 723,725 

San  Diego  de  los  Bancs  district 180, 185, 192, 196,, 201, 204, 

219,226,240-242,300,  359,  419-423,  509,  513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  681,  699 

San  Diego  de  Nunez  district 180,185,196,201,204, 

219,226,240-242,300,359,419-428,  509,  518,  516,  518,  521,  554,  681,  699 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INDEX.  777 

Page. 

San  Diego  del  Valle  district 181,187,102,196,201,204,319,327, 

244-247, 301 ,  3e0, 426-433, 51 1 ,  514, 51 6, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699, 721 ,  723, 725 

San  Domingo 25 

importation  of  slaves  into 67 

Indian  population 66 

slavery  in  island 67 

San  Felipe  city 190 

San  Felipe  district 179,182,191,194,200,203,218, 

226,233,235,236,299,358,  406-413,  508,  512,  515,  518,  520,  553,  673,  699 

San  Fernando  city 190 

San  Fernando  College 580 

San  Fernando  district 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227, 

244-247, 301 ,  360, 426-433, 51 1 ,  514, 516, 519, 522, 555, 686, 699,721 ,723, 725 

San  Francisco  de  Paula  College 580 

Sanger,  Lient.  Col.  J.  P. ,  Ins.  Genl. ,  U.  S.  A. ,  appointed  director  of  census. .      621 

director  of  census 15, 694 

letter  of  transmittal 9 

reports  received  by 625-668 

San  Ignacio  College ^  ,      566 

Sanitation,  effect  of  poor 85 

dwellings 167 

disposition  of  excreta 520-622 

garbage 517-620 

San  Jose  de  las  Laj as  city 190 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas  district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 

236, 233, 335, 336, 399, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 672, 699 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos  city 190 

San  Juan  battle  of .     41 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedies  district     {See  Remedies  district.) 

San  Juan  delas  Yerascity 1 190 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras  district 181,187, 192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247, 

801, 360, 426-483, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 654, 685, 699, 721, 728, 735 

San  Juan  y  Martinez  district 180,185,193,196,201,304, 

219, 226, 240-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 616, 518, 521, 554, 679, 699 

San  Luis  city 190 

San  Luis  College 580 

San  Luis  district,  Santiago  province. ...  181, 190, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-260, 
301, 360, 488-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 722, 724, 726 

San  Luis  district,  Pinar  del  Rio  province 180, 1»5, 192, 196, 201, 204, 

319, 336, 340-343, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521 ,  554, 679, 699 

San  Meliton  College 580 

San  Miguel  Arcangel  College 580 

San  Nicolas  district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 

226, 283, 235, 236, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 674, 699 

San  Rafael  College 580 

San  Ramon  College 580 

San  Sulpicio,  religious  order 568 

Santa  Ana  city 190 

Santa  Ana  College 580 

Santa  Ana  district 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,287-239, 

300, 359, 413-419, 609, 513, 515, 518, 621, 654, 675, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Santa  Clara  city,  age 204 

birthplace.... 220 

citizenship 227 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


778  INDEX. 

Santa  Clara  dty,  conjagal  condition 120,183,189,801 

dwellings 1 5U 

education 244-347,360 

families 511,514 

Uteracy 148,149,244-247,860 

nativity 99,198,201 

oocnpiOions 156,157,426-429 

population 190 

race 198,201 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta 177,522 

garbage 175,519 

school  attendance 860 

sex 198,201,204 

water  supply 172,516 

Santa  Clara  district 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247 

801, 860, 426-488, 511 ,  514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699, 721, 728, 725 

Santa  Clara,  losses  in  population 78 

Santa  Clara  province.    (See  references  under  Provinces. ) 

center  of  population 79 

province  created 50 

division  into  districts   17 

Santa  Cruz  de  los  Pinos  district    (See  San  Cristobal  district) 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  district 179,188,191,194,200,208,218, 

226, 288, 285, 286, 299, 358, 406-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 558, 672, 699 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur  city 190 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur  district 180.186,192,196,201,204,219,227,242, 

248,800,  359,  424-426,510,  518,  516,519,521,  554,682,699,  720,  733,  725 

Santa  Fe  city 190 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  city 190 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  district 181, 187, 192, 196, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-^7, 

801,  860,  426-433,  511,  514,  516,  519,  522,  554,  686,  699,  721,  723,  725 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario  district 179,188,191.194,200,308,218, 

226^  288,  285,  286, 299,858,  406-413,  508,  512,  515,  518,520,558,671,699 

Santiago  attacked  by  American  army 40 

buccaneers 29 

Santiago  Apostol  College 580 

Santiago  city,  age 205,217,295-298,805-858,888,884,899,400,460,461 

birthplace 220,225 

citizenship 227,295-298 

conjugal  condition 120,182,139,301,805,850-353 

dwellings 514 

education   244-250,360,403 

families 511,514 

illegitimates 357 

Uteracy 148,149,244-250,860,383,384 

nativity 99,198,203,317,395,398,805,850-353,403 

occupations 156,157,438-487,388,884,460,461 

population 190,883,384 

race 1    198, 

202, 317, 335, 395-398, 305, 850, 353, 883, 384, 899, 400, 408, 460, 461 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta 177,522 

garbage 175,519 

school  attendance 150,360,399,400 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INDEX.  779 

Page. 

Santiago  city,  flex IM,  202, 205, 217, 805, 850-853, 403 

watersnpply 172,173.517 

Santiago  de  Cuba  district  {see  Palma  Soriano  and  San  LuIb  districts  for  ^r- 

tions  of  former  territory) 181 ,  190, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-260, 

301, 360, 433, 487, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 722, 724, 725 
Santiago  province.    {See  references  nnder  Provinces. ) 

center  of  population 80 

portof  entry 27 

province  created 60 

division  in  to  di  stricts 17 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas  city  — .      190 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas  district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 

226,  233,  235,  236,  299,  358,  406-413,  508,  512,  515,  518, 520, 553, 673, 699 

Santo  Domingo  (see  a2so  San  Domingo) 534 

revolution  beneficial  to  Cuba 48 

Santo  Domingo  city 190 

Santo  Domingo  district 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247, 

301 ,  360, 426-438, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 687, 699, 721, 728, 725 

Scandinavia,  natives  resident  in  Cuba 220-225 

Schedules,  census 61 

limitations  of  forms  adopted 9 

of  agriculture 540,541 

school 616 

Scholatria  at  Santiago 566 

School  attendance 150,584 

and  education 358-360 

literacy 358-360 

at  latest  reports 615 

byage 152,385 

classes 618 

race 152,385,618,619 

ratio  to  population 618 

sex 151,385,619 

schedules 616 

buildings 618 

equipment .' 581 

law,  present  ^status  of  system 585-615 

normal 584 

number  in  June,  1900 615 

system 585-615 

Schools 565-620 

by  classes  and  by  provinces 618 

expenditures  for  support 585 

history  of  Cuban  education 565-581 

lack  of ,  under  Spanish  regime 42 

nimiber 575 

by  classes 684 

primary 578 

professional 584 

secondary 579 

superior 579 

Scotland,  natives  resident  in  Cuba 220-225 

proportion  of  married 118 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


780  INDEX. 

PMC 

Scotland,  proportion  of  nnmarried 146 

Secret  societies 32,83 

Self-Koremment,  oensns  a  step  in  establishment 10 

early 45 

Senate,  United  States,  Committee  on  Relations  with  Cnba 9 

Senor,  Father 574 

Sergeant,  John 34 

Serrano,  Don  Francisco  (Governor) 698,734 

Settlement  of  Cnba 23-26 

Settlements,  early 24,25 

Seville,  exclnsive  trade  privileges  granted 27 

Sex  and  age 92-^6,122-124,135, 

186, 163, 165, 205-217, 251-296, 306-353, 361-403, 43&-461, 463-165, 480-4S4 

birthplace ^0-^5,419-506 

citizenship 251-298, 465-467, 4S9-493 

conjugal  conditions 122, 

124, 128, 133, 135, 136, 302-353, 469-471 ,  485-489, 494-496 

education 400-403,467-469,489-493 

literacy 153,361-384,467-469 

nativity 194, 205-217, 251-298, 302-358, 361-403, 462-463, 477^80 

occupations 157,161,163,165,166,438-506 

race 194, 205-217, 220-225, 251-298, 302-353, 361-403, 462, 463, 477-480 

school  attendance    151,385-400 

by  provinces  and  districts 194-202 

discussion  of  tables. 80-83 

of  earlier  censuses 710 

of  teachers  and  pupils 619 

ratios 88 

table  from  earlier  censuses 710-713 

Shafter,  Gen.  W.  R 40 

Shaw,  Albert 738 

Siete  Partidas 44 

Sierra  Adentro 17 

Sierra  delos  Organos _ 536 

Sierra  Maestra 16,18,20,652 

sparsely  populated 75 

Siete  Partidas 1 44 

SilvaClotUde 650 

Silvermining 21 

Single.    (5ee  Conjugal  conditions.) 

Slavetrade 67,731,732 

Slavery 729 

abolition  of 88 

Indian 65 

introduction  of  negro 67 

Slaves,  statistics  regarding 98,710-713 

Smuggling 29 

Sociedad  de  la  Cadena 34 

Sociedad  Economica 42,43,568,569,574 

Sociedad  Patriotica.     {See  Sociedad  Economica.) 

Soles  de  Bolivar    : 33 

South  America,  natives  resident  in  Cuba 98, 220-225, 473-475, 499-506 

Spai  n,  relations  to  Cu  ba 26-58 

emigration. .  26 


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INDEX.  781 

Page. 

Spain,  natives  resident  in  Cnba 220.225,470-475,499-606 

proportion  of  widowed - 143 

regulations  about  colonists 70 

treaty  with  China 71 

treaties  entered  into.    (S^  Treaties.) 

Spalding,  J.  B 625 

Spalding,  W.L 625 

Spanish- American  war 40-41 

Spanish  Bank,  collection  of  taxes 80 

of  Cuba 583 

Spanish  laws  violated 81 

theory  of  colonial  government 26 

Stamp  taxes 80 

Statistics,  date  basis ..       72 

Sterling,  Marques 641,642,648 

Stock  raising 539 

Students.    {See  School  attendance. ) 

Sugar 524-560 

beet,  effect  on  production  of  cane  sugar 525 

cane  cultivation,  methods 524 

production  by  provinces 549 

export  duty  established 28 

fall  in  price  of 88 

history  of  Cuban  production 525 

method  of  manufacture 524 

mills  (centrals) 552 

plantations 540 

by  area,  and  by  race  of  occupants 560 

by  production,  and  by  race  of  occupants 560 

development 524 

labor  regulations .     531 

number 524 

salaries  paid  in  connection  with 53l 

price  in  relation  to  production 526-538 

production  by  years 527,538 

Supervisors  of  census,  appointed 621 

instructions  given 10 

nominated  by  military  governor 10 

reports  of 627-657 

return  to  Washington 10 

Surgidero  city 190 

Sweden,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

Switzerland,  percentage  of  children 85 

proportion  of  unmarried 146 

T. 

Tabulating  Machine  Company 14 

contract  for  census  tables 694 

method  used 61 

Tacon, General. 569 

Tacon,  Miguel  (Gtovemor).. 697 

Tacon  y  Rosique,  Miguel  (GKivernor) 697 

Tapaste  district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 

226, 233, 235, 236, 299,  ^58, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 672, 699 


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782  INDEX. 

Tariff 28,81 

differential,  effeota 29 

effect  on  agriculture 539 

TasBO,  Don  Joee 5^8 

Taxation,  effect  of  Spaniah 80 

on  sngar  production 528,529 

excessiTe 29-81 

Taxes,  character 29 

Teachers 581-584,578,615-619 

number  by  classes 584 

provinces  and  by  sex 619 

in  June,  1900 651 

salaries -. 578 

Tejada,  Juande  (Governor) 1 697 

Temperature 21 

Ten  years*  war 36,37 

cost 37 

effect  on  conjugal  conditions 124,136 

schools 581 

Tetas  de  Managua 19 

Tineo,  Juan  A.  (Governor) 697 

Tobacco 583-537 

cultivation 536-537 

curing 537 

early  production 535 

monopoly 585 

plantations 640 

by  area  and  by  occupancy 549 

by  production  and  race  of  occupant 549 

productions  by  provinces 549 

Tonnage  taxes 28 

Torre,  Don  Rodriguez  de  la 783 

Torre,  Marques  de  la  (Governor) 697 

Torres,  Laureano  de  (Gk>vemor) 697 

Trade  regr^ilations,  colonial 26-29 

restrictions 27-89,86 

tables,  statisticaL    (See  Occupations. ) 

winds,  effect  on  climate.... 22 

Treaty  between  Spain  and  China 70,71 

Dutch  provinces - 27 

UnitedStates 41 

of  Madrid,  between  England  and  Spain 27 

Paris  (1768) 48 

Vienna 68 

Zanjon 87,528 

with  England 68 

Treaties,  provisions  as  to  trade 27 

Trespalacios,  Bishop 668 

Tridentine  Seminary 566 

Trinidad  district 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244,245, 

247, 301, 860, 426^433, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699, 721, 728, 725 

Trinidad  city,  age •     204 

birthplace 220 

citiBonship 227,245-247 


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INDEX.  783 

Page. 

Trinidad  city,  conjngal  condition ,.  120,182,139,801 

dwellings 514 

edncation 245-247,860 

familiei 511,514 

literacy 148,149,245-247,860 

nativity 99,198,201 

occnpations 426-488 

population 190 

race.. 198,201 

sanitation,  method  of  disposal  of  excreta — 177, 522 

garbage 175,519 

school  attendance 860 

sex   198,201,204 

water  supply 172,174,516 

Trinidad,  port  of  entry 27 

percentage  of  married  population 118,121 

proportion  of  unmarried 146 

widowed 148 

Troncoso,  Bernardo  (Governor) 697 

Turks  Island,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

widowed i 148 

Tumbull 788 

U. 

Ulloa,  Francisco  Javier  de  (Governor) 698 

Union  de  Reyes  district 180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 208, 219, 226, 237-289. 

800, 859, 418-419, 509, 518, 515, 518, 521, 554, 677, 699, 720. 722, 724 
Unions,  consensual.    (See  Conjugal  conditions.) 

United  States,  age  of  breadwinners 160,161 

married 186 

ageperiods 86 

of  unmarried 146 

attitude  during  insurrections 89 

breadwinners 155,159,168 

comparative  age  ratios 88 

dwellings  and  families 170 

importation  of  Cuban  tobacco 585 

interest  in  Cuban  affairs 88 

longevity  by  race 95 

median  age  by  sex 92 

of  population 84 

natives  resident  in  Cuba 220-225,472-475,499-506 

neutrality 89 

occupations 155,159,168 

by  groups  and  sex 166 

race 164,165 

percentage  of  married 118 

natives  in  Cuba    98 

population  occupation 157 

marriageable  age 121 

married 122,128,185 

unmarried 146 

widowed 148 


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784  INDEX. 

United  States,  ratio  engaged  in  occapations 155 

of  children  by  age 89 

husbands  to  wives  and  widowed 143 

married  to  adults 121 

widowed 142 

sex  of  breadwinners 161 

sngar  produced 525 

University,  early  history 566,567 

establishment 566 

of  Habana 579 

curriculum 570 

of  Merida 567 

Unmarried  (<ee  Conjugal  condition) 299,301 

l>y  age»  nativity,  race,  and  sex 306-353 

sex,  race,  and  nativity 302^305 

sex  and  occupations 494-498 

discussion  of  tables 145-147 

ratio  to  population 146 

sex  ratios 146 

Unzaga,  Luis  de  (Gtovemor) 697 

Ursulines,  school 668 

Valdez,  Antonio 689 

Valdes,  Bishop  Francisco  Geronimo 567 

Valdes,  Don  Gtoonimo  (Governor) 731 

Valdee,  Father 666 

Valdes  y  Sierra,  Geronimo  (Governor) 698 

Vallejo,  Diego  ((Governor) 697 

VaUeys 19 

Value  of  livestock 540 

censos 41 

mortgagee 41 

real  estate 41 

Varelo,  Felix 668 

Vegetables 550,551 

Velazquez,  Diego  (Governor) 25,32,43,65,696,727 

Venegas,  Franciscode  (Governor) 697 

Vento  spring 173 

Vera-Cruz 27 

VeredaNuevacity 190 

Vereda  Nueva  district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 

226,238,235,236,299,358,406-418,508,  512,  515,  518,  520,  553,  673,  699 

Vessels,  search  of  American 39 

Viamontes,  Juan  Bitriande  (Governor) 697 

Viana,  Diego  de  (Governor) 697 

Vienna,  treaty  of 68 

Vilaroy  Diaz,  Dr,  Don  Juan  ... 573 

Villa  Clara 570 

ViUalba,  Diego  de  (Governor) 697 

Villalpando,  Ambrosio  (Governor) 697 

Villarin,  Pedro  Alvares  (Governor) 697 

Villate,  Bias  (Governor) 698 

Villavicencio,  Maria  Nunez  de 666,668 


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INDEX.  785 

Page. 

Vinalescity 190 

Vinalee  district 180,185,192,196,201,204, 

219, 226, 240-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699 

Virginias,  capture  of  vessel 89 

Viscaya,  Spanish  cmiser,  visit  to  New  York 40 

Vital  statistics ...- 86,714 

Vives,  Captain-General 33,35 

Vives,  Dionisio  (governor) 697 

Vives,  Don  Francisco  Dionisio  (governor) 730 

Vogdes,  Capt.  Charles  B.,  disbursing  officer 625 

Voters.    (See  Citizenship  by  age.) 

qualifications  of 45-47-49 

VneltaAbajo 17,19,36,536 

Vnelta  Arriba 17 

Vneltascity 190 

W. 

Wales,  proportion  of  unmarried 146 

War,  declared  by  United  States..     41 

War  Department  order  directing  the  taking  of  the  census 621-624 

appointing  disbursing  officers •. 625 

War,  effects  of 42 

on  marriage 136 

population 73 

schools 581 

sugar  production 525,529 

War,  The  Ten  Years' 41 

Wards 12,46 

population  by 181-190 

Water-supply  sources 170-175,514-517 

Wealth,  effectsof  war  on..! 42 

lack  due  to  governmental  policy 82 

Weis,  Maria 650 

West  Indies,  natives  resident  in  Cuba 220-225,472-475, 499-506 

Weylery  Nicolau,  Valeriano  (Governor) 40,581,698 

Widowed  («ee  Conjugal  conditions) 142-145, 

29^-301, 302-353, 469-471, 494-498, 710 

Willcox,  Walter  F , 14 

Wilson,  (>en.  James  H 635,688 

Wilson,  Maj.  James  E 631 

Wilson,  Maj.  James  L 625 

Windward  Passage 18 

Wines,  Dr.  F.  H 9,10 

Wives.    (5ce  CJonjugal  conditions.) 

Wood,  Maj.  Gten.  Leonard  (Military  Governor) 49,57,60,585,638 


Xeldes,  Francisco  (Gk>vemor) 697 

Y. 

Yaguajaycity 190 

Yaguajay  district 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247, 

301, 360, 426-438, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699, 721, 723, 725 
24662 50 


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786  INDEX. 

Yara  River 174 

Yayabo  River 174 

Ybarra,  Rosa 637 

Telgnez,  Biahop  Hechavarria 566 

Ygleeiacity 190 

Yncatan  channel : 17 

distance  from  Cnba.! 17 

Indiana 733,735 

Indians  imported  in lo  Cnba - 67 

regulations  of  immigration  from 70 

Yumnri  Valley 19 

Z. 

Zamora 738 

Zapata  Swamp 18,67,648,650 

report  of  enmnerator 658-665 

Zanjon,  treaty  of 37,528 

Zaragosa 788 

Znazo  (licentiate) 66 


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3  2044  043  144  310 


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