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<*^
Report on the census
of Cuba, 1899
Jnited States. War Dept. Cuban Census Office, Joseph
^rentiss Sanger, Henry Gannett, Walter Francis Willcox
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY
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^ ^*vJ. WAR d'ePARTMENT,
Oir-FICIC DIRKCTOK CENSUS OF CUBA.
REPORT
ON THK
CENSUS OF CUBA,
18 99.
LT. COL J. P. SANGER, Inspector-General,
DIRECTOR.
KEN'RY G-ANNETT, ^VALXKR K". ^WILl^COX,
STATISTICAL EXPERTS.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE,
1900.
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CONTENTS.
Page.
Letter of transmittal of the Director of the Census to the Secretary of War ... 9
Proclamation of the President authorizing the census 10
Organization of census 10
The field work 11
Geography 17
Political divisions 17
Coast regions 18
Qrc>graphy 19
Drainage systems 20
^ *— ■''"~-— ^— ^^^iii 20
ERRATA.
PUge 51. For " Valasquez" read Vt»ljii«,inia.
PSage 60. For " disordorly " read ilimmMy,
PBgel31. For "consentaal" retul cmmttmuul
ftige204. For "Tinadad** read TrinUlmi
P^205. For ''Jiqnani" read Jlguani,
Intervention by the United Htates
Political organization 4^
Municipal government 44
Provincial government 50
Insular government 51
Former representation in the Spanish Cortes 55
Cuban republics declared 55
United States military government 55
The judiciary 55
Population, aboriginal, history of 65
Population, black, history of 67
Population, coolie, history of 69
J^WJusaion of the tables 72
The total population 72
Density of population 73
Urban population 76
3
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CONTENTS.
Page.
Letter of transmittal of the Director of the Census to the Secretary of War ... 9
Proclamation of the President authorizing the census 10
Organization of census 10
The field work 11
Geography 17
Political divisions 17
Coast regions 18
Orography 19
Drainage systems 20
Mineral resources 20
Climate 21
Flora 22
Fauna 23
Hiatory 24
Discovery of the island 24
First settlement 25
Colonization and early government 25
Causes affecting progress 27
Trade restrictions and monopolies 28
Ezx>ort and import duties 28
Smuggling 29
Excessive taxation 29
Lack of hanking ftudlities 31
Eoonomic, rather than political, conditions the cause of the slow prog-
ress of the island 32
Governors, character and administration of 32
Insurrections, causes and results of 33
Intervention by the United States 40
Political organization 43
Municipal government 44
Provincial government 50
Insular government 51
Former representation in the Spanish Cortes 55
Cuban republics declared 55
United States military government 55
The judiciary 55
Population, aboriginal, history of 65
Population, black, history of 67
Population, coolie, history of 69
Discussion of the tables 72
The total population 72
Density of population 73
Urban population 76
3
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4 CONTENTS.
Discussion of the tables — Continued. "fttge.
Center of population 77
Distribution in altitude 80
Sex 80
Age 84
Age by provinces 90
Age by sex : 92
Nativity and race 96
Foreign-bom population in cities 99
Citizenship 100
Of Habana province 103
Of Habanacity 103
Of Matanzas 106
Of Pinardel Rio 107
Of Puerto Principe 108
Of Santa Clara 109
Of Santiago de Cuba 110
Families 112
Marital condition 117
The married 118
Persons living together as husband and wife by mutual consent 131
The widowed 142
The single 146
Literacy 147
School attendance 150
Literacy among persons over 10 years of age 152
Occupations 154
Sanitary condition of dwellings and unoccupied houses 167
Dwellings and families 167
Source of water supply 170
DisiKjsition of garbage 175
Disposition of excreta 176
POPULATION TABLES.
L Total population at different censuses 179
II. Total i)opulation, by provinces, in 1899, 1887, and 1861 179
III. Total population by municipal districts in 1899 and 1887 179
IV. Total population by wards and by cities 181
V. Rural i)opulation by municipal districts, with area and density. . . 191
VI. Sex, general nativity and color, by provinces and municipal dis-
tricts 194
VII. Percentages of population by sex, general nativity, and color, by
municipal districts 200
VIII. Sex and age groups, by municipal districts 202
IX. Race, nativity, sex, and 5-year age periods 206
X. Birthplace, l>y provinces and municipal districts 218
XI. Country of birth, by race, and by provinces and cities 220
XII. Citizenship, by provinces and municipal districts 225
XIII. Citizenship, literacy, and education, by provinces and municipal
districts 228
XIV. Citizenship, by age, sex, race, and nativity, by provinces and
cities 251
XV. Conjugal condition, by provinces and municipal districts 299
XVI. Conjugal condition, by race, sex, and nativity 302
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CONTENTS. 5
XVII. Conjugal condition, by race, eex, nativity, and age, by provinces
and cities 306
XVm. Illegitimate children, by provinces and cities 354
XIX. School attendance, literacy, and superior education, by provinces
and municipal districts 368
XX. literacy, by age, sex, nativity, and race, by provinces and cities. 361
XXI. School attendance, by months, by sex, race, nativity, and age, by
provinces and cities 385
XXn. Higher education, by age, sex, race, and nativity, by provinces
and cities 401
XXIII. Occupation groups, by sex, race, and nativity, by provinces and
cities 403
XXIV. Occupation groups, by sex, race, and nativity, by municipal districts 406
XXV. Occupation groups, by age, sex, race, and nativity, by provinces
and cities 438
XXVI. Occupations, by sex, race, and nativity, for the island 462
XXVII. Occupation8,by age and sex, for the island 463
XXVIII. Occupations, by citizenship and sex, for the island 465
XXIX. Occupations, by sex and education, for the island 467
XXX. Occupations, by sex and conjugal condition, for the island 469
XXXI. Occupations, by sex and country of birth, for the island 472
XXXII. Occupations, by provinces 476
XXXm. Selected occupations, by age, sex, and race, by provinces 477
XXXrV. Selected occupations, by age and sex, by provinces 480
XXXV. Selected occupations, by sex and citizenship, by provinces 485
XXXVI. Selected occupations, by sex and education, by provinces 489
XXXVTI. Selected occupations, by sex and conjugal condition, by provinces. 494
XXXVin. Selected occupations, by sex and country of birth, by provinces. . . 499
XXXIX. Number and size of tamilies, by provinces and municipal districts. 507
XL. Dwellings and families, by provinces and municipal districts 512
' XI4I. Source of water supply, by provinces and municipal districts 514
XLII. Disposition of garbage, by provinces and municipal districts 517
XLin. Disposition of excreta, by provinces and municipal districts 520
Agriculture, history of , in Cuba 523
Sugar 524
Tobacco 533
Coffee 537
Cocoa 539
Fruit 539
Inferior agricultural implements 539
Poor country roads 539
Stock raising 539
Number of coffee, sugar, and tobacco plantations, cattle ranches, and cattle. . 540
Discussion of results 541
Farm areas 542
Farm tenure 544
Size of farms 546
Products 547
Tables of agriculture 553
XLIV. Farm areas 553
XLV. Tenure, by race and by size of farms, number 555
XLVI. Tenure, by race and by size of farms, cultivated area 556
XLVn. Products 558
XLVllI. Sugar plantations, classified by area 560
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6 CONTENTS.
Tables of agriculture— Continued. Pag©.
XLIX. Sugar plantations, number and average size 560
L. Tobacco plantations, classified by area 560
LI. Tobacco plantations, number and average size 560
HI. Livestock 561
Education in Cuba, history of 565
Royal University of Habana 566
Public schools under the Spanish regime 566
School laws and systems 577
Teachers' pensions and substitute teacheis 582
Salaries of teacheis 583
School law of June 30, 1900 585
Institute collegiate course, 1900 600
University of Habana, reorganization of 606
Discussion of tables 615
Tables of schools 618
Lin. Schools 618
LIV. Pupils 619
APPBNDICBB.
I. War Department orders organizing the census 621
II. War Department orders appointing disbursing officers of the cen-
sus in Cuba 625
III. Report of the assistant director, V. H. Olmsted 625
Reports of the supervisors 627
IV. Province of Habana, Sefior Manuel Rasoo 627
V. Province of Matanzas, Prof. Claudio Dimiaa 631
VI. Province of Pinar del Rio, Sefior Pedro Pequefio 638
VII. Province of Puerto Principe, Sefior Augustin H. Aguera 640
VIII. Province Of Santa Clara, Sefior Juan Bautista Jiminez 647
IX. Province of Santiago de Cuba, Sefior Sabas Meneses 652
X. Report of enumerator of Zapata Swamp, Sixto Agramonte ....'.. 658
XI. Report of enumeration of the north coast of Matanzas 665
XII. Report of enumerator Maria Nunez de Villavicencio 666
XIII. List of enumerators 668
XIV. Contract with the Tabulating Machine Company 695
XV. List of the Governors of Cuba 696
XVI. List of municipal districts, with dates of organization and memo-
randum on territorial changes since 1861 698
XVII. Memorandum on previous censuses 702
XVIII. Memorandum on vital statistics 714
XIX. Article on population, translated from Pezuela's Dictionary 727
XX. Bibliography 737
XXI. Statement of estimates and disbursements on behalf of the census. 738
Index 740
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
MAPS.
Map of Cuba 18
Increase and decrease of population 72
Density of rural population 74
Size of cities 76
Distribution of sex 80
Proportion of native white inhabitants 96
Proportion of foreign white inhabitants 98
Proportion of colored inhabitants 100
Average size of families 114
Proportion of married persons to population 118
Proportion of those living together by mutual consent to total population 132
Proportion of illiterates to total population 152
DIAGRAMS.
Population classified by sex, race, and nativity, by provinces 82
Population by age and sex 84
Citizenship by birthplace and iUiteracy 102
The city of Habana 114
Size of families 116
Conjugal condition, by race, sex, and age .* 120
Conjugal condition, by provinces 1 24
Illiteracy by race and nativity 148
Illiteracy by provinces 150
Occupations by race, sex, and nativity 156
Occupations by provinces 160
Bhrth rates 716
Marriage rates .• 718*
Death rates 719
PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS.
Supervisors of the Cuban census Frontispiece.
Yumuri Valley 20
General landscape of cultivated farms 20
Cave of Ballamar, near Matanzas 22
Ruins of copper mines at £1 Cobre and Sierra Maestre 24
Surrender Tree, near San Juan 40
Habana 42
Habana 44
Matanzas ' 46
Bridge over Yumuri River at Matanzas 48
7
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8 LIST OF ILLUSTBATI0N8.
Pinar del Rio 60
Puerto Principe 62
Santa Clara 64
Santiago de Cuba 66
Entrance to harbor of Cienfuegoe 68
Nuevitas 60
Trinidad 62
Sancti Spiritus, from roof of orderly quarters 64
Baracoa and entrance to harbor 66
Dimas, village in province of Pinar del Rio 68
Native white family , 70
Native colored family 70
Native plow 522
Plowing with oxen 622
Sugar mill, province of Santa Clara 624
Cutting and stripping cane 626
Transporting cane to sugar mills 628
Central Conchita 630
Sugar machinery /'Central Caracas,'' province of Santa Clara , 632
Tobacco plant 634
Setting out young tobacco plants 634
Tobacco plantation, province of Santa Clara 636
Tobacco-d rying house 636
Sorting tobacco and putting it in bundles 636
Baling tobacco 638
Tobacco train 638
Fruit exhibit 540
Ready to cut pines and bananas 642
Cocoa grove -. 644
Pinery 546
Avenue of Royal Palms, Matanzas 648
Climbing the royal palm 650
Roping cattle 652
Typical municipal school building 566
School for girls, Matanzas 670
Municipal school, Matanzas 672
Pupils of the collie **01avarrette," Habana 676
. Exterior ** University of Habana," as seen from O'Reilly street 684
Class in the corridor of the ** Royal College," Habana. .1 688
Coll^;e "Maria Louisa Dolorosa," 692
Royal College of Helen, Habana 600
Supervisor and enumerators, province of Habana * 628
Supervisor and enumerators, province of Matanzas 632
Supervisor and enumerators, Pinar del Rio 638
Supervisor and enumerators, province of Puerto Principe 640
Supervisor and enumerators, province of Santa Clara 648
Supervisor and enumerators, Santiago de Cuba 652
Female enumerators, Habana 658
Enumerators of the city of Matanzas 662
Enumerators, dty of Cardenas 666
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LETTER OF TRANSMIHAL.
War Depabtment, Cuban Census,
Washington^ August 25^ 1900.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the census
of Cuba:
- In the early part of July, 1899, I received instructionH from the
Hon. Russell A. Alger, Secretary of War, to prepare a *' memoran-
dum-' for a census of Cuba. In August, immediately after your
arrival in Washington, this "memorandum" was submitted to the
Director of the United States Census, Hon. W. R. Merriam, the
Assistant Director, Dr. F. H. Wines, and Mr. William C. Hunt, chief
statistician. After consultation with the War Department it was
decided that a census covering the field of inquiry usual in the United
States was not expedient for Cuba, in view of existing conditions;
that the schedules should be limited to population, agriculture, and
education, as the three subjects of most importance; that the geneml
plan of the United States census should be followed; and that, to save
time, the schedules and other blank forms necessary for the enumera-
tion of a population estimated ^t 1,600,000 be printed at once. The
estimated cost of taking the census on this basis, together with a
statement of the amount disbursed, will be found in Apj)endix XXI.
As the Senate Committee on Cuban Relations, of which iSenator
O. H. Piatt is chairman, will publish an itemized statement of the
expenditures, they are omitted, to avoid unnecessary repetition.
It was proposed in the *' memorandum" that the census be taken
under the supervision of the Militaiy Governor of the island by cer-
tain Cuban officials, assisted by officers and enlisted men of the United
States Army, but as the census was primarily for the benefit of the
Cubans, and as the work would demonstrate in some measure their
capacity to perform an important civil duty, it was decided by the
Secretary of War that the offices of supervisors and enumerators
should be filled by Cubans, and that the field work should be per-
foi-med by them, under the supervision of an experienced officer of
the United States census, so that when the enumeration should be
completed it would be a census of Cubans by Cubans.
No decision could have been more fortunate, and, coupled with the
proclamation of the President, in which the census was declared to
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10 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
be a preliminary step in the establishment of an effective system of
self-government, was the first, as it was the highest, expression of con-
fidence on the part of the Government of the United States in the
capacity and patriotism of the Cubans, removing all feeling of sus-
picion as to the object of the enumeration, and placing the census at
once eii rapport with the people. Hundreds of intelligent and trust-
worthy men and women volunteered to serve as enumerators without
pay, and the order of the President was received throughout the
island with great satisfaction.
In no other way could such a manifestation of good feeling and of
faith in the intentions of this Government have been elicited, and
the result proved the wisdom of the measures. While some errors
may have crept into the work, and while possibly there are some
omissions, it should not be forgotten that this is the first attempt of
the Cubans to take a census, and that the difficulties attending it have
been numerous, serious, and not easily surmounted. But whatever
its defects, it is the opinion of the people of Cuba and of the expert
tabulators and statisticians who have been engaged in compiling and
analyzing the figures that they bear the impress of honest work, that
the census was taken rapidly and far more accurately than could have
been expected, and that in this respect it will compare favorably with
any census of the United States.
The different steps by which this was accomplished were as follows:
An estimate was prepared of the probable cost of the census, based on
the supposed population and the employment of Cubans as supervisors
and enumerators; a careful study was made of the necessary organiza-
tion in all its details, and the best way to cany on the work in harmony
with the general administration of the island. At the same time the
Military Governor of Cuba was directed to nominate suitable Cubans
as supervisors of the census for the six provinces of the island and to
order them to Washington. This was done, and on their arrival,
August 17, they were received by Dr. Wines and Mr. Hunt, of the
United States Census Office, and by Mr. Olmsted, of the Department
of Labor, and for two weeks were carefully instructed in their duties
as supervisors with a view to their becoming, in turn, instructors* of
the enumerators.
On August 17 the following proclamation of the President was
issued:
ExBCunvB Mansion, August 17, 1899,
To the people of Cuba:
The disorganized condition of your island resulting from the war and the absence
of any generally recognized authority aside from the temporary military control of
the United States have made it necessary that the United States should follow the
restoration of order and peaceful industry by giving its assistance and superN'ision to
the successive steps by which yo" will proceed to the establishment of an effective
system of self-government.
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LSTTEB OF TRANSMITTAL. 11
As a preliminary step in the performance of this duty, I have directed that a census
of the people of Cuha be taken, and have appointed competent and disinterested
citis^is of CMba as enumerators and supervisors.
It is important for the proper arrangement of your new government that the
information sought shall be fully and accurately given, and I request that by every
means in your power you aid the officers appointed in the x)erformance of their
duties.
William McKinley.
As there were no general census laws in Cuba it was necessary to
promulgate orders which would have the effect of laws, organizing the
census, defining the duties of the census officials, and the obligations of
the people in respect thereto. Accordingly, August 19, the necessary
Executive orders were issued (Appendix I), and on the 23d the order
appointing the disbursing officers (Appendix II). These orders were
sent to the Military Grovernor of Cuba for promulgation in English
and Spanish.
Having been thoroughly instructed in their duties, and in the mean-
ing of the regulations, schedules, and other blank forms for carrying
on the work, and being duly impressed by the Secretary of War with
ibe responsibilities of their office, the supervisors left for Cuba, August
23, and were followed, August 27, by the Assistant Director of the
census, with his office force.
Thus far the work of the census had been confin^ to Washington.
The field work, attended with many difficulties, was now to follow.
THE FIELD WORK.
This was carried on under the inomiediate supervision of the Assistant
Director, Mr. Victor H. Olmsted, an ' experienced official of the
United States Census, who exhibited from first to last the mental,
moral, and physical qualities necessary for the successful prosecution
of the work. By dint of great patience, perseverance, unusual activ-
ity, and tact he was able to win the confidence of the supervisors and
enumerators, to instruct them in their duties, and to carry the work
to a successful conclusion — no easy task for a foreigner and nonresi-
dent of the island, as for many years its inhabitants had always con-
nected the census with taxation and compulsory military service,
toward which they had a strong natural aversion.
Mr. Olmsted was directed to establish his office in the city of Santa
Clara, which was selected as a geographical center and as affording
sanitary and other conditions favorable to the work. His report is
submitted herewith. (Appendix III.)
The first step in organizing the field work was the formation of the
enumeration districts, and for this purpose accurate maps of the
provinces and municipalities were almost indispensable. Foreseeing
thifc}, the Military Governor was directed, August 8, to have such maps
prepared, but it was not until the arrival of Mr. Olmsted in Habana,
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12 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OK CUBA, 1899.
August 31, that much progress was made in this direction. On that
date, learning that the military authorities in Habana had no suitable
maps, he telegraphed to the military, civil, and judicial authorities
throughout the island to furnish him such maps as they had, and later
discovered in the insular state department a map, said to be the only
one of its kind in existence, showing the boundaries of the judicial
and municipal districts in each province, but several years old, and
requiring revision.
As soon as the available maps had been collected the number and
boundaries of the enumeration districts were determined, subject to
such changes as might be necessary after the supervisors had looked
over the ground. This was a work of great difficulty.
Paragraph VIII of the order organizing the census pi'escribed that
the boundaries of the enumeration districts should be described by civil
divisions — rivers, roads, public surveys, and other easily distinguished
lines. But it was soon ascertained that, owing to the imperfections
of the maps, little reliance could be placed on their topographical
representations, and that, except in the cities, the boundaries of the
minor civil divisions were not always given, and even when they were
the lines of surburban and rural wards could not be determined,
because, as was subsequently discovered, they had apparently over-
lapped in some locations or were situated in two different municipali-
ties, and the claims of the respective local authorities had not been
adjusted.
To avoid the double enumeration liable to result from thb, it was
decided to indicate the areas of rural and suburban enumemtion dis-
tricts which could not be defined as the orders prescribed by desig-
nating the ward or wards to be included in their limits and by directing
the enumerators to inquire whether the f)er8on8 and premises visited
by them had been visited and enumerated before, and if they had, to
pass them by. Each enumerator was also required to post a printed
notice on all buildings visited by him, giving the date of his visit,
which was designed as an additional safeguard against double
enumeration.
By September 13 Cuba had been divided into 1,315 enumeration
districts. Later on, owing to the scattered state of the population,
the great difficulties of communication in the rural districts, and
the importance of completing the enumei-ation within the time desig-
nated by the President, it was found necessary to increase this number
to 1,607,
The enumeration districts having been established, the appointment
of enumerators followed. As the value of the statistics to be col-
lected depended entirely on the fidelity and intelligence of the enu-
merators, the supervisors were cautioned to exercise great care in
their selection, and were informed that women were not necessarily
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LJETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 13
disqualified on account of their sex. One hundred and forty-two
women were appointed enumerators and rendered excellent service,
and it is said that for the first time in the history of Cuba, women
were given public employment.
To prepare the enumerators for their work and, so far as practicable,
to guard against errors in the returns, one or more enumerators in
each municipality were directed to report to the supervisor for
instruction, becoming in turn the teachers of the other enumerators
in the district. This they did by assembling in classes and going care-
fully over the orders, schedules, etc., and testing their knowledge
by the actual preparation of the papers required in the regulations.
All enumerators were told that in doubtful cases of literacy the person
to be enumerated should be required to read and write in the pres-
ence of the enumerator, and, as far as could be ascertained by very
careful inquiries, this was done.
As soon as appointed each enumerator was given a commission and
full field kit, and was then ready for the work. Some of those assigned
to rural and suburban districts performed their duties at the peril of
their lives, and all of the rural enumerators were subjected to much
personal risk and discomfort, owing to the condition of the roads and
streams, the prevalence of rain, and the depleted and sparsely settled
state of the country. (Appendix IV to XII.)
A full list of the eniunerators will be found in Appendix XIII, and
among the illustrations groups of those with whom the Director came
m contact during his tour of inspection in November and December.
For the accuracy with which this census has been taken the Cubans
connected with it are certainly entitled to the credit and distinction of
being faithful and intelligent pioneers in the discharge of civil duties
never before intrusted to them.
On the 10th of November the Director of the Census left Washing-
ton on a tour of inspection, to enable him to ascertain, as far as possi-
ble, in what estimation the work of the census was held by the peo-
ple; to inspect the ofiices of the assistant director and supervisors; to
see and question as many enimierators as could be collected together
in the large cities; to determine the best disposition to be made of the
census property, and on what date the clerical work incident to the
examination of the schedules could be closed, and the latter shipped to
Washington.
The result of this inspection was satisfactory. The offices of the
supervisors were f oimd in good order, the secretaries, clerks, and the
enumerators intelligent and very much interested in their work, and,
as a rule, the schedules accurately and neatly prepared.
After consultation with Mr. Olmsted, it was decided to close the
work December 31, discharging all Cubans who might be connected
with it on that date, except the supervisors, and to bring the latter,
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14 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1809.
with their schedules, and Mr. Oknsted and party from Genfuegos to
Washington January 6. It was thought advisable to bring the super-
visors to Washington, that they might make the gross count of the
population and be on hand to explain any ambiguities or defects which
might be discovered in the schedules; to supervise the punching of
the cards from which the tables were to be made, and to learn the
entire method of handling the statistics. This progranune was ctir-
ried out, and Mr. Olmsted and his companions, with the records,
arrived in Washington January 15.
The gross count of the population was completed and certified by
the supervisors by January 31, and on February 1 a contract was
made with the Tabulating Machine Company of Washington (Appen-
dix XIV), and the work of punching the cards was commenced. This
was continued under the supervisors until completed, March 24, and
between April 1 and 10 they returned to their homes, having labored
conscientiously, intelligently, and successfully in the discharge of their
important duties. Their reports are submitted. (Appendices IV
to IX.)
As much public interest had been shown in the results of the census,
it was decided not to await the preparation of the full report, but to
publish census bulletins containing condensed tables with a brief anal-
ysis of their contents. The first bulletin, in English and Spanish,
appeared May 10, and the others at intervals until all, three in num-
ber, had been published and distributed, the English edition in the
United States and Europe and the Spanish in Cuba. Other tables
essential in deciding questions connected with the municipal elections
were compiled and mailed to the military governor of Cuba April 14,
1900.
In the preparation of the bulletins and report I have had the assist-
ance of Mr. Henry Gannett, of the Geological Survey, and Mr.
Walter F. Willcox, of the United States Census, both well known to
the scientific world and thoroughly familiar with census work.
In addition to the account of previous Cuban censuses Appendix
XVn and the analysis of the tables to be found in this report, it
has been thought advisable to present a description of the island and
a brief sketch of so much of its history as bears on its population,
economic condition, and government. A list of the authors consulted
in this connection will be found in the Appendix (XX).
The maps, diagrams, and views which illustrate the report were
selected with sole reference to their practical or historic value. No
attempt at a general collection of photographs was made. The cities
represented are either the capitals of the provinces or, like Baracoa,
among the oldest settled by the Spaniards. The landscapes give some
idea of the most noticeable topographic features, viz, the great cen-
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LETTEB OF TKAN8MITTAL. 15
tral uplands, or sugar zone, the mountains, the beautiful valleys, and
the caves. The agricultural industries of sugar, tobacco, fruit cultiva-
tion, and stock raising are presented in some of their more interesting
details, while the groups of supervisors, and enumerators, and the
family groups are fair types of native Cubans, whose tmgic and heroic
struggle for liberty has excited the interest of the whole civilized world.
Very respectfully,
J. P. Sanger, /;ia. (renf.^
Director of the Cenxmis,
Hon. EuHu Root,
Secretary of War.
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CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Geography.
The government of Cuba has jurisdiction not only over the island
of that name, but also over the Isle of Pines, lying directly to the
south of it, and more than a thousand islets and reefs scattered along
its northern and southern coasts.
For administrative purposes Cuba is divided into six provinces
which, named from the west eastward, are Pinar del Rio, Habana,
Matanzas, Santa Clara, Puerto Principe, and Santiago de Cuba. These
provinces are divided into municipal districts, of which Pinar del Rio
contains 20, Habana 36, Matanzas 24, Santa Clara 28, Puerto Principe
5, and Santiago 19, making a total of 132 municipal districts.
The municipal districts are in turn divided into barrios or wards,
which correspond in extent and organization somewhat with our elec-
tion distncts. The number of these in the entire island is between
1,100 and 1,200. Both municipal districts and wards differ widely in
area and population. The five districts of Puerto Principe are large
in area, while several in Habana and one or two in Santiago are in
area little more than cities. In population, on the other hand, the dis-
tricts range from Habana, with nearly a quarter of a million people,
down to districts containing little more than 1,000 inhabitants. In
popular language, the island is divided into the Vudta Abajo^ or the
portion from the meridian of Habana to Cape San Antonio; the Vudta
Arriba^ from the meridian of Habana to that of Cienfuegos; Las
Ci/nca VtUas^ from the meridian of Cienfuegos to that of Sancti
Spiritus, and Sierra Adentro^ from the latter to Holguin and Cape
Maysi.
Cuba, the most populous of the West India islands, lies directly
south of Florida. Habana is a trifle west of south of Key West and
is distant from it, as the crow flies, about 100 miles, being separated
f rom'it by the Strait of Florida. East of Cuba lies Haiti, the second
in size of the West India islands, and south of it lies Jamaica. The
first of these islands is only 54 miles distant from Cape Maysi the
easternmost point of Cuba. The latter is 85 miles distant from its
southern coast. On the west, Cuba is separated by Yucatan Channel,
130 miles vride, from the Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico.
24662 2 17
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18 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Thus from a military point of view Cuba occupies a strong strategic
position, controlling the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico by the Strait
of Florida, the Windward Passage to the Caribbean Sea between Cuba
and Haiti, and Yucatan Channel, connecting the Gulf of Mexico with
the Caribbean Sea. The first and last of these are the only entrances
to the Gulf of Mexico, which is thus controlled completely by the
island of Cuba.
Cuba is included between the meridians of 74° and 85° west of
Greenwich and between the parallels of 19° 4^ and 23° 33'. Its length
from Cape Maysi on the east to Cape San Antonio on the west is 730
miles. Its breadth differs greatly in different parte, ranging from 100
miles in the east, in the province of Santiago, to 25 miles in the neigh-
borhood of Habana. Its area, which is more fully discussed elsewhere,
may be set down as 43,000 square miles, including the Isle of Pines
and the keys. It is, therefore, a little larger than the State of Virginia
and somewhat smaller than Pennsylvania.
The north coast is for the most part bluff and rocky, and in the prov-
inces of Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe bordered by lines
of islands and reefs of coral formation, the passages through which
are extremely intricate and difficult. These islands are low, are in the
main covered with mangrove forests, and contain few inhabitants.
The coast is low in the western part of the island, the bluffs ranging
about 100 feet in height in Pinar del Rio and rising gradually east-
ward. About Matanzas they reach 500 feet in altitude. In Santa Clara
and Puerto Principe they are lower, but in Santiago the coast is abrupt
and rugged, almost mountainous, rising in a succession of terraces.
The south coast from Cape Maysi to Cape Cruz is mountainous.
Indeed, from Santiago westward to Cape Cruz the Sierra Maestra
rises abruptly from the water to altitudes of several thousands of feet.
The shores of the gulf of Buena Esperanza, into which flows the Rio
Cauto, are low, and from this place westward, excepting a short stretch
between Trinidad and Cienfuegos, the coast is low and marshy as far
as Cape San Antonio, the westernmost point of the island. This coast
strip of marsh is in the main narrow, but west of Cienfuegos it broadens
into a great expanse, forming the Zapata Swamp, an almost impene-
trable region, 75 miles in length with a maximum breadth of fully 80
miles, clothed with the densest vegetation and teeming with tropical
life. It was within the protecting limits of this marsh that the Cubans
during the recent revolution maintained a hospital for their sic^ and
wounded.
Off the south coast are hundreds of low, marshy, mangrove-covered
islands and islets.
Most of the harbors on both coasts are of peculiar shape, resembling
nothing so much as pouches with narrow, often sinuous, entrances,
opening within into broad expanses completely sheltered. This is the
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GEOGKAPHY. 19
character of the harbors of Habana, Santiago, Cicnf uegos, Guantanamo,
and many others less known.
In its relief the island of Cuba is not a simple orographic unit, but
presents great variety and irregularity, which renders it incapable of
simple description and generalization. The middle portion of the
island, including the provinces of Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and
Puerto Principe, presents little relief, but consists in the main of broad,
undulating plains and shallow valleys, the land rising only in a few
places to any considerable altitude. It is only at the two extremes of
the island, in the province of Pinar del Rio on the west and Santiago
on the east, that the island presents any considerable or well-defined
relief features. Throughout Pinar del Rio there runs a range of hills,
a little north of the middle line of the province and closely paralleling
in direction the northern coast. This range, which is fairly well defined,
is known as the Cordillera de los Organos, or Organ- Mountains, and
rises in many places to altitudes exceeding 2,000 feet, culminating in
Pan de Guagaibon, having an altitude of 2,500 feet. From the crest
of this range the land descends northward and southward to the coast
in long, undulating slopes, the southward slopes forming the celebrated
tobacco lands known as Vudta Ahajo.
The central provinces of Cuba, Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and
Puerto Principe consist mainly of broadly rolling plains, with shallow
stream valleys. In Habana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara these plains
are, or were prior to the late revolution, in a high state of cultivation,
while in Puerto Principe they are, in the main, used for the grazing
of cattle. The valley of the Yumuri, in Matanzas, is a type of the
beautiful, highly cultivated region of this part of the island.
The Sierra de los Organos ceases as a range a little west of Habana,
but traces of this uplift can be followed through the central part of
Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and the western part of Puerto Prin-
cipe in the form of lines of hills of no great altitude dotting these
extended plains. They are seen south of the city of Habana in the
little timbered hills known as the Tetas de Managua, and farther east
in the Areas de Canasi, the Escaleras de Jarueo, and the Pan de Mat-
anzas, just south of the city of Matanzas. This rises to an altitude of
1,300 feet and serves as a landmark to sailors far out in the Atlantic.
In the eastern part of Matanzas province these hills disappear, but
they reappear again in Santa Clara, taking the fomi of elongated crest
lines and flat top summits, and as such extend into the western part of
the province of Puerto Principe.
In the southern part of the province of Santa Clara is a group of
rounded hills, occupying an area between Cienf uegos, Trinidad, and
Sancti Spiritus. The highest of these, Potrerillo, has an altitude of
2,900 feet. Among these hills are many beautiful valleys.
Santiago, at the other end of the island, is a province presenting
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20 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
great relief. Its surface is extremely broken with high, sharp moun-
tain ranges, broad plateaus of considerable elevation, and deep valleys —
some of them broad, others narrow and resembling canyons. The
dominating orographic feature of the province — indeed, of the whole
island — is the Sierra Maestra, which, commencing at Cape Cruz, south
of Manzanillo, extends eastward, closely paralleling the coast, from
which it rises abruptly, as far east as the neighborhood of Santiago.
In this part it contains many points exceeding 5,000 feet in altitude,
and culminates in Pico Turquino, which is reputed to have an altitude
of 8,320 feet. From Santiago it extends to the east end of the island,
but is much more broken and has more of a plateau-like form, with a
great diminution in altitude. This portion of the range takes on a
different name, being known as the Cobre Range. It contains numer-
ous flat sununits, approximating 8,000 feet in altitude, one of which,
known as La Gran Piedra, is said to have an altitude of 3,300 feet.
North of Sierra Maestra lies the broad and fertile valley of the
Cauto, beyond which the country rises gradually to a .high plateau
occupying the interior of the province, with a summit elevation of
1,000 feet or more, on which stands the city of Holguin. The eastern
part of the province consists of a maze of broken hills, with altitudes
ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 feet, in which are many small and fertile
valleys.
The Isle of Pines, with an area of 840 square miles, is a municipal
district of the province of Habana. It is in effect two islands, con-
nected by a marsh, the northern being somewhat broken by hllls^ the
southern low, flat, and sandy.
The rivers of Cuba, though numerous, are short, and few of them
are of any importance for navigation. The largest stream is the Rio
Cauto, which heads in the interior of Santiago province and in the
north slopes of Sierra Maestra, and flows westward through a broad
valley to its mouth in the Gulf of Buena Esperanza, after a course of
about 150 miles. This stream is navigable for light-draft boats to
Cauto Embarcadero, about 50 miles above its mouth.
The next stream of importance for navigation is the Sagua la Grande,
on the north slope of the island, in Santa Clara province. This, which
enters the sea near the city of Sagua la Grande, is navigable for some
20 miles above its mouth.
Several other streams are navigable for a few miles above their
mouths, but in most cases only through what may be regarded as estu-
aries. Taking the island as a whole, its internal conununications,
except along the coasts, are dependent almost entirely upon its very
few and poor wagon roads and its few railroads.
BflNERAL. RESOURCES.
The mineral resources of Cuba, so far as developed, are few in num-
ber and not of great importance. The principal product is iron ore,
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CLDCATE. 21
which is found at various points near the south base of Sierra Maestra,
between Santiago and Guantanamo. The ore is mainly hematite, with
some limonite, and is found principally as float, in great masses of
bowlders. It is easy to work and of excellent quality, containing
about 62 per cent of iron. A few occurrences have been discovered
and mined of ore in place in the rock. There are three companies
owning this mining property, one of which, the Juragua Company,
has mined and shipped a considerable quantity of ore, nearly all of the
shipments having gone to the United States. Up to 1895 the product
of this company is stated at a trifle over 3,000,000 tons. Operations
by the other two companies have consisted mainly in development
work, only a small quantity of ore having been shipped by them. The
late war, of course, put a stop to mining operations and much of the
mining plant was destroyed.
A copper deposit, reputed to be of extraordinary richness, is known
in the vicinity of El Cobre, in the southern part of Santiago province,
but sinc^ 1868 mining upon it has been at a standstill. Deposits are
reported in other parts of the island, and much of this metal may yet
be produced.
Asphaltum is found in various places, notably in the vicinity of the
city of Santa Clara, where it has for many years been used in making
illuminating gas for the city.
A little gold and silver has been mined in the island in past times,
but for many years the island has not produced either of these metals.
CLIMATE.
The climate of Cuba is comparatively simple in its character and
can be briefly described. With the long, narrow shape of the island,
its great extent of coast line and small breadth, it has in the main an
insular climate with a high mean temperature, slight extremes of
temperature, great humidity of the atmosphere, and an ample rainfall.
At Habana, on the north coast, the mean annual temperature is 77°.
The range of temperature between the mean of the hottest month and
that of the coldest month is from 82° to 71^, or only 11°. The high-
est temperature on record in Habana is 100.6°, and the lowest 49.6°.
This maximum recorded temperature is no higher than in northern
cities of the United States, but the duration of high temperatures is
much greater in Cuba and explains the high mean temperature. But,
notwithstanding the long-continued high temperature, the climate of
the northern portion of the island is tempered by the trade winds
which blow with but little variation throughout the year, and the
nights in both winter and summer are cool. The mean annual tem-
perature at Habana fairly represents that of the island, it being per-
haps a little hotter upon the south coast and inland than upon the
north coast. The range of temperature between summer and winter
does not differ probably materially anywhere on the coast from that
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22 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
at Habana, but inland is probably a little greater. The mean relative
humidity at Habana averages about 75 per cent and remains tolerably
uniform at all times of the year. Inland the humidity becomes some-
what less, but not decidedly so.
The mean annual rainfall at Habana, derived from observations of
many years, is 52 inches. The record shows, in different years, a
rainfall ranging from 40 to 71 inches. This represents quite closely
the rainfall upon the north coast of the island. Inland and upon the
south coast it is probably somewhat less, although observations are
lacking. This is decidedly less than upon the Gulf coast of the United
States and but little greater than that of the northern seaboard cities.
As regards the distribution of rainfall through the year, there is a
wet and dry season, the former being from May to October, during
which time about two-thirds of the precipitation of the year is received.
Rain falls during about one-third of the days during each year,
although this does not represent by any means the proportional amount
of rainy weather. The days are usually clear up to about 10 o'clock,
from which time till night, during the rainy season, it is frequently
showery. The nights are conunonly clear. Thunderstorms are fre-
quent, but not violent.
The prevailing winds throughout the island are the northeast trades,
which blow with great persistency, but seldom with violence. The
island is occasionally, though not frequently, visited by hurricanes.
These break upon the coast, causing the maximum destruction in its
neighborhood, and rapidly lose their force and violence as they proceed
inland.
In winter, when the trade winds extend farthest to the southward,
the island not infrequently comes within the influence of '^northers,"
from the North Temperate Zone, greatly and suddenly reducing the
temperature on the north coast. These occur during the winter
months and follow the severe storms of the United States, when the
teniperature sometimes falls as low as 50^, causing much suffering, as
very little provision is made against cold in the construction of the
Cuban houses.
FLORA.
Owing to the richness of the soil, the equable, moist temperature and
abundant rainfall, the island is a veritable garden, abounding in flowers,
luscious fruits, and a great variety of vegetables. Uncultivated nature
has a wild luxuriance of jungle, grove, and forest to be traversed only
by the aid of machete or along well-worn pathways. To illustrate the
great variety of its native flora, it may be stated that over 3,350 native
plants have been found in the island besides those introduced. They
include many species of valuable wood, such as the mahogany, ebony,
granadilla, majagua, cedar, walnut, ceiba, ligniun-vitsB, oak, pine, and
the palm, of which there are over 30 species, among them the royal
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FAUNA. 23
palm, which, to the poor Cuban, is the most valuable of all, as the
leaves provide him with a roof and the trunk with walls for his primi-
tive dwelling. In the interior the forests are in large part made up
ct Cuban pine, which forms excellent lumber. Although a large pro-
portion of the island has been cleared during the past three hundred
years for the purposes of cultivation, yet it is estimated that 13,000,000
acres, or nearly half its area, still remain clad in original forests.
These areas are found mainly in the eastern part of the island, in the
provinces of Santiago and Puerto Principe.
Over a large part of the cleared or cultivated areas are luxuriant
grasses, which, like the parana and guinea grasses, grow to a height
of several feet and are abundant and nutritious.
FAUNA.
Throughout Cuba game is abundant; deer, though not native, have
flourished and multiplied greatly. Rabbits are also plentiful. The
wild boar, so called, the wild dog, and the wild cat are simply
domestic animals run wild. They are quite numerous in all parts of
the island. Wild fowl, especially ducks and pigeons, abound, the
former crossing from the Southern States during the winter season,
while the latter remain on the island the year round. Pheasants, quail,
snipe, wild turkeys, and wild guinea fowl are also numerous, with
several varieties of g^ime birds, such as the perdizj tqjosas^ rabiches^
and the guanaros.
The only distinctively native animal is the jutia or hutia^ ratlike
in appearance, and black, which grows to a length of 16 or 18 inches,
not including the tail. While eatable, it is not especially palatable.
Cuba has more than 200 species of native birds, including those
already mentioned as game birds, many possessing the most beautiful
plumage, but those with song are rare.
In swampy localities crocodiles and American alligators {caimans)
are found, and although these frequently grow to an enorrdous size,
but little attention is paid to them by the natives.
Chameleons, small lizards, tree toads, and similar harmless silurians
of diminutive size are very common, while occasionally the i^uarm
and other large varieties of the lizard species are seen.
Few varieties of snakes exist in Cuba. One of these, the maja^
from 10 to 14 feet in length, is a semidomesticated reptile, if such a
term may be used, for it is most frequently found about the huts,
farmhouses, and small villages, its favorite living place being in the
palm-leaf thatches of the older buildings, while its favorite food is
poultry. Another snake, named the^'t^a, is more vicious in disposition
than the maja^ although never reaching more than one-third its size.
It is not poisonous. The other varieties are still smaller in size, are
seldom seen, and are not venomous.
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24 REPORT ON THB CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
The land crabs are very abundant and annoying. They vary in size
from an inch to 8 inches or more in diameter. Scorpions, centipeds,
and tarantulas are plentiful, and, although they are poisonous, their
bites are rarely, if ever, fatal.
HISTOBY.
Many books have been written about Cuba, but few detailed and
reliable histories. Such information as is available is in fragmentary
foim, and many important events connected with the affairs of the
island are unrecorded, or so briefly touched on as to be unintelligible.
The time allowed for the preparation of this report will not admit of
an extended compilation of historic facts and no attempt has been
made, therefore, to do so. But it has been considered advisable, as
pertinent to this census, to refer to the discovery and first settlement
of Cuba, its government, and the causes which have apparently
affected its progress. An effort has also been made to collect all
reliable data in regard to the movement of population, agriculture,
and education, and these are presented by way of preface to the
analysis of the tables.
Cuba was discovered by Columbus Sunday, October 28, 1492.
According to the most reliable evidence, he landed in, or a little to
the west of, what is now called the bay of Nuevitas, on the north
coast of the province of Puerto Principe. He took possession of the
island in the name of Christ, Our Lady, and the reigning Sovereigns
of Spain, and named it Juana in honor of Prince John.
Continuing his voyage, Columbus sailed west as far as the Laguna
de Moron, where he arrived October 31. From here, on November
12, he commenced to retrace his steps. It is somewhat difficult to
decide from his journal where he sailed between November 12 and 26.
He appears to have returned to the vicinity of the Guija Islands and
then to have cruised about among the keys- and islands off the prov-
ince of Puerto Principe, finally reaching the Bay of Nuevitas.
On November 26 he sailed southeast along the coast of Santiago de
Cuba to Baracoa, where he arrived on tlie evening of November 27.
From there he sailed, on December 4, to Point Maysi, the eastern end
of the island, and on the following day to the island of San Domingo.
On the 3d of May, 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued a bull conferring
on Ferdinand and Isabella all lands already discovered, or to be dis-
covered, in the Western Ocean, thus confirming by divine right, to
all Christendom, the claims of Columbus.
Columbus visited Cuba three times after this. In 1493, during his
second voyage, he followed the southern coast from Point Maysi as
far as Bataban6 and the Isle of Pines, which he reached June 13,
1493, discovering in the meantime the island of Jamaica, which he
visited while en route from Santiago de Cuba to Cape Cruz. During
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HISTOBY. 25
this voyage Ciolumbus visited Guantanamo, Trinidad, and probably
Cienfuegos.
During his fourth and last voyage, he touched at Cayo Largo,
oflf the south coast of the province of Santiago de Cuba, in July, 1502,
while en route to, and again in May, 1503, when returning from, the
mainland.
From this time to its permanent occupation by the Spaniards, Cuba
does not appear to have been visited often by other explorers, although
in 1508 Sebastian Ocampo, acting under the orders of Nicolas de
Ovando, Governor of San Domingo, reported that Cuba was an island,
but this was known, probably, to other explorers several years before.
Nevertheless, it does not appear that Cuba received much attention
from the Spanish authorities prior to 1511.
In that year Diego Columbus, Admiral of the Indies and Governor
of San Domingo, sent Capt Diego Velasquez, one of the companions
of Columbus in his second voyage, to subdue and colonize Cuba. With
a force of 300 men he sailed from San Domingo and landed near Point
Maysi, going thence to Baracoa, where the first settlement was made
in 1512. In 1514 Velasquez founded Trinidad and Santiago de Cuba,
on the southern side of the island, to facilitate communication with the
Spanish colonies of Jamaica and the mainland, Sancti Spiritus near its
middle point, and Bemedios, Bayamo, Puerto Principe, and San Cris-
tobal de la Ebbana, the latter on what is now the site of Bataban6.
In 1519 this name was transferred to a settlement on the present site
of Habana. The same year, Baracoa, having been raised to the dig-
nity of a city and bishopric, was declared the capital, and so remained
until 1522, when both were removed to Santii^o. Habana became
the capital in 1552.
On the death of Ferdinand, January 23, 1516, Velasquez renamed the
island Fernandina in his honor. It was subsequently named Santiago,
after the patron saint of Spain, but the name was again changed to
Ave Maria, in honor of the Virgin. Through all these official changes,
however, it retained its native original name.
Velasquez continued to govern Cuba as addcmtddo^ or lieutenant-
governor, under the governor and audiencia of Santo Domingo, until
his death in 1524. He had five successors in the office of lieutenant-
governor. (See Appendix for list of Governors. ) The first Governor,
Hernando de Soto, was appointed in 1536; he was also addcmtado
of Florida. The first Captain-General was Don Grabriel de Lujan,
appointed in 1581. During this interval the Spanish population had
increased very slowly; but two additional towns, Guanabacoa and El
Cobre, were founded, 1555 and 1558, and not another town was built
for more than one hundred years.
In the seventeenth century but two towns of any importance, Matan-
zas and Santa Clara, were founded, and in the eighteenth but nine.
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26 BEPOBT ON THE OEWBUS OP CUBA, 1899.
At the end of this period the population of the island is said to have
numbered 275,000 souls, while the development of its wealth had
scarcely begun. In fact, for many years after its colonization, Cuba
was not a wealth-producing colony, and, therefore, not an object of
much solicitude or patronage. In the general scheme of colonizing
the West Indies, both Cuba and Jamaica were occupied to facilitate
trade with the rich colonies of the Spanish main, and while still a
young colony Cuba, as a depot of supply, was severely taxed by the
numerous expeditions which sailed from her shores between the years
1512 and 1538.
If the situation and many natural advantages of Cuba be considered,
it is evident at a glance that either the Cubans have been blind to
their opportunities or that causes generally beyond their control have
retarded the growth of the population and the development of the
island's resources. The latter would seem to be the case, although it
can not be said that the Cubans were not in some measure accountable.
The principal staples of Cuba, and those upon which its wealth mainly
depends, are sugar and tobacco. The largest sugar crop, 1894-95,
was 1,054,000 tons; the largest tobacco crop (same year), about 2,480,000
arrobas, or 62,000,000 pounds; and its population at the outbreak of
the recent war was probably between 1,800,000 and 2,000,000 souls.
It is the opinion of experienced and enlightened judges that the island
could easily have produced a crop of sugar and tobacco five times as
large and had a population of 5,000,000 people had its administration
been characterized by diflferent theories of government.
That, in the administration of her colonies, Spain was a bad excep-
tion to a general rule of liberal and generous government on the part
of other countries toward their colonial dependencies is by no means
the case. In fact, much the same ideas appear to have influenced
all of them at the outset, although the results were diflferent, as might
be expected of governments having diflferent origins, forms, and
theories. The prevailing idea appears to have been that the political
and economic interests of colonies were always to be subordinated to
those of the home country, no matter how injurious the consequences,
and, while in some instances this course was modified with most
beneficial results, it was followed unremittingly by Spain to the end
of her Supremacy over Cuba.
Aside from the fact that during the early history of Cuba Spain had
little surplus population to dispose of, and that through the expulsion
of the Jews and Moors she lost a large and valuable part of it, her
trade restrictions, established at the beginning of the colonial period
in her history and continued without essential modification for nearly
three hundred years, would account, in some measure, for the slow
increase in the population and industries of Cuba. These restric-
tions appear to have originated in the royal cedula of May 6, 1497,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
msTOBT. , 27
granting to the port of Seville the exclusive privilege of trade with
the colonies. At the same time the Casa de Contratacion^ or Council
of Trade, was established, upon which was conferred the exclusive
regulation of trade and commerce, although later the Council exercised
its functions under the general control of the Council of the Indies.
San Domingo, and later Vera Cruz, were the only colonial ports author-
ized to trade with Seville. In 1717 the trade monopoly of Seville was
transferred, by royal order, to the port of Cadiz, in Spain.
While Santiago was the capital of Cuba, trade between the island
and the home ports mentioned was restricted to that place, and when,
in 1552, the capital was transferred to Habana, that city became the
sole port of entry until 1778, except during the English occupation of
tiie island, 1762-63, when Habana was opened to free trade. By the
royal decree of October 12, 1778, trade between Santiago, Trinidad,
Batabano, and other Spanish ports was authorized. This privilege
was extended to Nuevitas in 1784, to Matanzas 1793, Caibarien 1794,
and Manzanillo and Baracoa in 1803. Prior to this Cuban ports were
practically under an embargo of the strictest kind. Even between
the ports of Habana and Seville or Cadiz, there was no free communi-
cation, but all trading vessels were gathered into fleets, or "^^<aw,"
from time to time, and made the voyage accompanied by Spanish
war ships, partly for protection against freebooters and pirates, but
chiefly to prevent trade with other ports. In 1765 this restriction was
removed.
The maritime laws regulating trade and conunerce forbade trade
even between the colonies, and as early as 1592 trade with foreigners
was only permitted by special authority, and in 1614 and 1680 trade
with foreigners was prohibited under pain of death and confiscation
of the property concerned.
The treaties of the period appear to have recognized these prohibi-
tions as entirely justifiable under the rules of international intercourse
as they existed at that time. Thus by the treaties of 1648 and 1714
between Spain and the Dutch provinces it was agreed by the con-
tracting parties to abstain from trading in the ports and along the
coast of the Indies belonging to each of the treaty nations. Again,
by the treaty of Madrid between England and Spain, similar engage-
ments were made, although article 10 provided that in case vessels
arrived at the prohibited ports under stress or shipwreck they should
be kindly received and permitted to purchase provisions and repair
damages. This privilege was subsequently withdrawn by royal orders
of January 20 and April 15, 1784, which prescribed that no vessel
belonging to a foreign nation should be permitted to enter, even under
the pretext of seeking shelter. The severity of these restrictions was
modified later on and, by a royal order of January 8, 1801, Cuban
ports were thrown open to the commerce of friendly and neutral
nations.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
28 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Other commercial privileges were granted in 1805, 1809, 1810, and
1812, due, in great measure, if not entirely, to the French invasion of
the Peninsula and its eflfect on Spanish possessions in the West Indies
and America. But these concessions to trade with Spanish colonies
were but temporary, as by royal orders of January 10, November 17,
and July 10, 1809, foreign conunerce with Spanish- American ports
was prohibited. Against these last restrictions of trade the various
Spanish colonial Governors, and especially the Captain-General of
Cuba, protested on the ground of the necessities of the colonies and
the inability of Spain to meet them. These objections having been
favorably considered by the Council for the Indies, foreign trade with
Habana was extended for six months.
Many other decrees and royal orders aflFecting trade with Cuba and
the other Spanish colonies were promulgated during the period between
1775 and 1812, but they throw no additional light on this subject. It
is plain that Spain was always averse to granting trade facilities with
her colonies, and only did so for a time when forced by her necessities;
but having once opened Cuban ports and to that extent established the
privilege of foreign trade, which it was diflScult to recall, the next step
was to restrict it as far as possible by duties, tonnage, and port dues,
and arbitrary tariflfs imposed from time to time in such a«way as to
render foreign commerce unprofitable. Without going into details it
may be said that up to 1824 duties on foreign commerce were much
greater than on Spanish merchandise, and while from that year they
were generally less restrictive, still they were always high enough to
compel Cubans to purchase from Spanish merchants, who, as Spain
did not herself produce what was needed, bought from French,
German, American, or other sources, thereby raising prices far above
what they would have been under a system less hampering. In
fact, up to 1818 Cuba does not appear to have had a tariflf system. In
that year a tariflf was promulgated making the duties 26i per cent on
agricultural implements and 43 per cent ad valoretn on other foreign
merchandise. This was modified in 1820 and 1822 and the duties reduced
to 20 per cent on agricultural implements and 37 per cent ad valorem
on foreign industrial products. On all Spanish importations under
this classification the duties were two-thirds less. The tariflf of 1824
was less prohibitive.
Not satisfied, apparently, with this arrangement for excluding
foreign trade or with the amount of customs revenue, an export tariff
was established in 1828 on sugar and coffee, which had by that time
become important products. On sugar the duty was four-fifths of a
cent per pound, and on coffee two-fifths of a cent per pound. If
exported in foreign vessels, the duty on sugar was doubled and on
coffee was increased to 1 cent per pound. With slight modifications
Digitized by VjOOQIC
HISTORY. 2y
these duties continued to August 1, 1891, when, under the McKinley
tariff law, a reciprocal commercial agreement was proclaimed by Presi-
dent Harrison between Spain and the United States, which enabled
Cuba to seek its nearest and most natural market. In a short time
nearly the entire trade of Cuba was transferred to the United States,
and Cuba enjoyed a degree of prosperity never before attained.
But with tile termination of this agreement by the tariff law of 1894,
the old practice of differential, special, and discriminating duties
against foreign trade was reestablished, thus forcing upon the Cubans
compulsory trade with Spain. There seems to be no question among
impartial and intelligent judges as to the injurious effect of this system
on the growth of Cuba's population and material progress, both largely
dependent on commercial advantages.
Another evil born of the system and given a certain amount of
inomunity through the reverses and disasters of the Spanish navy, in
consequence of which Spain was unable to protect her commerce or
fully enforce trade regulations, is smuggling, which began with trade
restrictions and monopolies and has continued to this day, the amount
of merchandise smuggled being, for many years, nearly equal to
that regularly imported and exported. From smuggling on a large
scale and privateering to buccaneering and piracy is not a long step,
and under the name of privateers French, Dutch, English, and
American smugglers and buccaneers swarmed the Caribbean Sea and
Gulf of Mexico for more than two centuries, plundering Spanish
flotas and attacking colonial settlements. Among the latter, Cuba
was the chief sufferer. Sallying forth from Santo Domingo, Jamaica,
the Tortugas, and other islands and keys, these marauders raided the
island throughout the whole extent of its northern, eastern, and south-
em coast line, levying tribute, kidnaping individuals, and carrying off
whatever was needed. In 1538 they attacked and burned Habana.
In 1544 they attacked^ Baracoa, Matanzas, and Habana, which they
again sacked and burned. In 1604 Giron, a French buccaneer, landed
twice in Santiago, capturing the Morro, and in 1679 French buc-
caneers again raided the province. Incursions on a smaller sc^le were
frequent, causing the Captain-General to issue an order requiring all
men to go armed and all persons to retire to their homes after night-
fall. By the terror they excited these raids retarded somewhat the
development of agriculture by compelling the people to concentrate
in the towns for protection. On the other hand, they stimulated the
construction of fortifications in the harbor of Habana and other ports,
which, a few years later, made them safe against such incursions.
Coupled with trade restrictions and extending throughout the entire
life of Cuba as a dependency of Spain, excessive taxation has always
prevailed. Apart from imports and exports, taxes were levied on real
Digitized by VjOOQIC
30 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
and personal property and on industries and commerce of ail kinds.
Every profession, art, or manual occupation contributed its quota,
while, as far back as 1638, seal and stamp taxes were established on
all judicial business and on all kinds of petitions and claims made to
official corporations, and subsequently on all bills and accounts.
These taxes were in the form of stamps on official paper, and at the
date of American occupation the paper cost from 35 cents to $3 a
sheet. On deeds, wills, and other similar documents the paper cost
from 36 cents to $37.50 per sheet, according to the value of the prop-
erty concerned. Failure to use even the lowest-priced paper involved
a fine of $50.
There was also a municipal tax on the slaughter of cattle for the
market. This privilege was sold by the municipal council to the
highest bidder, with the result that taxes were assessed on all animals
slaughtered, whether for the market or for private consumption, with
a corresponding increase in the price of meat.
Another tax established in 1528, called the derecho de a/veria^
required the payment of 20 ducats ($16) by every person, bond or
free, arriving in the island. In 1665 this tax was increased to $22,
and continued in force to 1765, thus retarding immigration, and, to
that extent, the increase of population, especially of the laboring
class.
An examination of these taxes will show their excessive, arbitrary,
and unscientific character, and how they operated to discourage Cubans
from owning property or engaging in many industrial pursuits tending
to benefit them and to promote the material improvement of the island.
Taxes on real estate were estimated by the tax inspector on the
basis of its rental or productive capacity, and varied from 4 to 12
per cent. Similarly, a nominal municipal tax of 25 per cent was
levied on the estimated profits of all industries and conmierce, and
on the income derived from all professions, manual occupations, or
agencies, the collector receiving 6 per cent of all taxes assessed.
Much unjust discrimination was made against Cubans in determining
assessable values and in collecting the taxes, and it is said that bribery
in some form was the only eflfective defense against the most flagrant
impositions.
Up to the year 1638 the taxes were collected by royal officers
appointed by the King, and their accounts were passed on by the
audlencia of Santo Domingo. In that year contadores (auditors) were
appointed who exercised fiscal supervision over the tax collectors,
until, by royal cedada of October 31, 1764, the intendancy of Habana
was created, the administration of taxes being conducted as in Spain.
Since 1892 the taxes have been collected by the Spanish Bank under a
ten years' contract, the bank receiving a commission of 5 per cent.
About 18 per cent of the assessed taxes remained uncollected between
Digitized by VjOOQIC
mSTOBY. 81
1886 and 1897, and the deficits thus caused were added to the Cuban
debt, ever a subject of universal discontent.^
If to high taxes, high tariffs, and utter indifference, apparently, to
the needs of the island be added a lack of banking facilities of all
kinds, and a system of currency dependent entirely on the Spanish
Government and affected by all its financial diflSculties, we have some
of the reasons why the economic development of Cuba has been slow.
^'All her industrial profits were absorbed by Spain, leaving no surplus
to provide for the accumulation of capital and the material progress
of the island,"* which was apparently regarded as a government
monopoly, whose productive capacity was in no wise connected with
its economic interests. Accordingly, such interests were invariably
subordinated to those of Spain — with which they rarely accorded — no
matter how injurious the result That this course should have been
followed in the early period of Spanish colonization is not strange. All
sorts of economic experiments, based on what are now considered
absurd economic theories, were tried about that time by European
countries in vain efforts to promote national prosperity by entirely
unnatural methods. Thus, for many years Cuba was prohibited, in
common with otiier colonies, from the cultivation of raw products
raised in Spain, thus reversing the theory and practice under which
England subsequently developed her manufacturing industries at home,
successfully colonized all parts of the habitable globe, and established
her enormous colonial trade, by the very natural process of paying for
the raw products of her colonies in manufactured articles. No nation
in Europe during the sixteenth century was in a better condition than
Spain to establish such a system, as she was essentially a manufactur-
ing country. But with the expulsion of the Moors her manufactures
were practically ruined; the wealth which for many years had poured
in from the colonies in exchange for the supplies shipped them now
passed through her to other countries in consequence of her extinguished
industries, and she became little more than a clearing house for foreign
products. Five-sixths of the manufactured articles used in Spain were
imported, and foreigners, in direct violation of Spanish laws, soon car-
ried on nine-tenths of the trade with her colonies.
It may be said that results equally unfortunate appear to have attended
all other branches of Spanish colonial government. Under a policy so
shortsighted that it was blind to the most ordinary precautions, and
* According to the data of the tribunal of accoonte (tribunal de stierUas) of Habana,
referred to by Sefior la Sagra, Cuba received as ordinary and extraordinary ^^gUuadoa*'
from Mexico, trom 1766 to 1788, 57,739,346 pesos fuerteSy and from 1788 to 1806 the
sum of 50,411flb% pesos fuertes.
'The proof of this is the bad condition of the roads and harbors, the absence of
docking facilities, the lack of adequate water supply in dties, of sewers, paved streets,
schoolhouses and other public buildings essential to every community and provided
by private or public enterprise.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
32 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
long after repeated warnings should have suggested a greater measure
of economic and political independence for Cuba, the entire system of
Cuban government and administration was retained in the hands of
Spanish officials to the exclusion of native Cubans, thus substituting
for home rule a government which, however necessary in the earlier
history of the island, became, with the lapse of centuries, an object of
suspicion and hatred to a large majority of Cubans, as the medium
through which Spain exercised despotic power over them and appro-
priated to herself the wealth of the island. That these feelings would
have yielded to greater economic and political freedom, there can be
no question. Political independence was not generally advocated at
first. Autonomy under the protection of Spain was as far as the
industrial classes cared to go', and had this been granted ten years
earlier Cuba might and probably would have remained a Spanish col-
ony. It was the economic rather than the political aspect of the island
that concerned the greater part of its population. But in Cuba polit-
ical and economic conditions were inseparable under the theory of
colonial government which prevailed, and economic concessions were
not to be thought of if the practice of stripping Cuba by the various
means described without giving Cubans the least opportunity to pre-
vent it in a peaceful way was to continue.
That they would ever resort to force was not believed, or if believed,
not feared, in tiie face of a despotic Governor-General with a local army
and navy* to enforce his authority and the whole power of Spain in
reserve. Besides, tiie Cubans had given ample proof of their loyalty.
But the rulers of Cuba, usually blind to its interests, were to test
the loyalty of her people beyond the limits of endurance, and, as a
result, to lose for Spain her *'ever faithful island."
From the time of Velasquez, 1512, to General Don Adolpho Jim-
enez Castellanos, 1898, Cuhtt had 136 rulers. A list of them will be
found in Appendix XV, and it may be said that, with but a dozen excep-
tions, they did nothing toward the development of the island or the
welfare of the people, although clothed with despotic power since
1825. A large number of them were Spanish politicians, appointed
without special reference to their fitness, but as ^ reward for services,
personal or political, rendered to the Spanish Government. The
resources of Cuba were always available to the home party in control
for this purpose, which accounts in some measure for the unanimity
of Spanish opinion respecting political concessions to the island. It
was necessary that its control should remain absolutely in the hands
of the Captain-Generals representing the home government; but there
is very little question that had all of them exercised their authority
with moderation, lightened the burden of taxation, removed or modi-
fied many trade restrictions, promoted public works^ and used their
Digitized by VjOOQIC
msTOEY. 88
authority to extend the influence of the Cubans in the administration
of the island, the dominion of Spain might have been continued for
years to come, as much of the political agitation would have been
avoided, the gulf between Spaniards and Cubans would have been
bridged over, until, through these and other influences, an adjustment
of the economic situation would have brought peace and prosperity to
the people.
The first serious opposition to the insular goveiiiment was brought
out by the attempt of Captain-Genei*al Vicente Roja to enforce the
government monopoly in tobacco, decreed in 1717. Several bloody
riots occurred and Roja was obliged to withdraw temporarily from the
bland.
Apart from uprisings among the negroes, stimulated no doubt by
the success of their race over the French in the neighboring island
of San Domingo there were no other attempts at insurrection on
the part of Cubans until after the conspiracy of 1823, planned by a
secret society known as the '* Soles de Bolivar." This conspiracy
resulted from the attempt of Captain-General Vives to carry out the
instructions of Ferdinand VII, after the abrogation of the Spanish
liberal constitution of 1812, and was intended as a protest against a
return to absolutism in Cuba; but, apparently, it failed of effect, and
there was no relaxation of efforts to reestablish the old order. The
conspiracy was of a serious character and extended over the entire
island, but centered in Matanzas, where among the revolutionists was
Jose Maria Heredia, the Cuban poet. The conspiracy failed and the
leader, Jose Francisco Lemus, and a large number of conspirators were
arrested and deported. A feeling, of bitter resentment against the
Government was the result, and a period of agitation and public
demonstration followed. Frequent uprisings were attempted in 1824,
but failed.
It would have been well for Spain had Ferdinand VII been warned
by these events and endeavored, by conciliatory measures, to allay
such manifest feelings of discontent. But neither he nor his advisors
would see the "handwriting on the wall." With characteristic sever-
ity, the royal decree of May 28, 1825, was issued, conferring on the
Captain-General "all the powers of governors of cities in a state of
siege ♦ ♦ ♦ with full and unlimited authority to detach from the
island and to send to the Peninsula all officials and persons employed
in whatsoever capacity, and of whatsoever rank, class, or condition,
whose presence may appear prejudicial, or whose public or private
conduct may inspire you with suspicion ♦ ♦ ♦ and further to
suspend the execution of any order or general regulations issued in
whatever branch of the administration and to whatever extent you
may consider convenient to the royal service, etc., to see that faithful
24662 3
Digitized by VjOOQIC
34 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
servants of His Majesty be remembered, at the same time pmiishing
without delay or hesitation the misdeeds of those, etc."^
An army from Spain, intended for the subjugation of former Span-
ish colonies in South America, which was to have been dispatched from
Cuba, was retained there, and a military conmiission was permanently
organized to try political offenses under the above decree and the arti-
cles of war.
Political agitation having taken the form of revolutionary demon-
strations, there was a gradual separation on political lines between
the Cubans and Spaniards, and munberless Cuban secret societies were
formed throughout the island for political propaganda. Allied with
the Cubans were all of the more radical, as well as the more moderate
liberal members of the conmiunity, while the Spanish party included
beneficiaries of former monopolies and the conservative and reac-
tionary elements, which, under the policy of the Captain-Grenerals, had
crystallized around the officials of the government and their coadjutors
in the church.
The political agitation continued, and in 1826 a small uprising took
place in Puerto Principe, directed by the Sociedad de la Cadena, and
aimed' against the abuses of the regiment Leon quartered there. The
same year (June 22) the Congress of American Republics assembled
at Panama, to which the President of the United States appointed Mr.
John Sergeant, of Pennsylvania, and Mr. Richard Anderson, of Ken-
tucky, as envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary. Mr.
Anderson was United States minister to Colombia and died en route
to the congress, which had adjourned before Mr. Sergeant arrived, to
meet at Tacabaya. But it did not meet again, and consequently the
United States delegates took no part in its deliberations.
The objects of this congress, as set forth in the correspondence, were
to urge the establishment of liberal principles of commercial inter-
course, in peace and war, the advancement of religious liberty, and
the abolition of slavery, to discuss the relations of Hayti, the affairs
of Cuba and Porto Rico, the continuation of the war of Spain on her
Spanish colonies, and the Monroe doctrine, which announced as a
principle, "that the United States could not view any interposition
for the purpose of oppressing them (governments in this hemisphere
whose independence had been declared and acknowledged by the United
States), or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any Euro-
pean power in any other light than as a manifestation of an unfriendly
disposition toward the United States."
While the United States no doubt sympathized witii the objects of
the congress, the debates in the Senate and House of Representatives
indicated a desire to av6id interference with Spain, a friendly nation,
* Promulgated again in the royal decrees of March 21 and 26, 1834.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
HI8T0BY. 85
or the slavery question, and that it was not prudent to discuss ques-
tions which might prove embarrassing to the United States if called on
to consider them at a future time. As a result, the American dele-
gates were given limited powers, and this, coupled with the conserva-
tive attitude of the United States, resulted in the failure of the congress
to achieve any result.
The year before Francisco Aguero and Manuel Andres Sanches, a
second lieutenant in the Colombian army, had been sent from Cuba to
the United States and to Colombia to urge their interference and assist-
ance. An expedition was organized in Colombia to be led by the
&mous Colombian patriot, Simon Bolivar, but the failure of the
Panama congress caused the abandonment of the expedition. On the
return of the emissaries to Cuba they were arrested, tried, and
executed.
Following this eflfort, in 1830, a revolution was planned by the
society of the "Black Ikigle," a Masonic fraternity having its base of
operations in Mexico, with secondary bases in Habana and at various
points throughout the island. The conspiracy failed, and several of
the conspirators received sentence of death, afterwards commuted by
Captain-General Vives to life imprisonment. The object of the con-
spiracy was the independence of Cuba, the pretext a report that the
island was to be ceded to Great Britain.
In 1836 the constitution of 1812 was reestablished in Spain, but
proved of no benefit to Cuba. On the contrary, the deputies sent
from Cuba to the constitutional convention in Madrid were excluded,
and, by a royal decree of 1837, the representation in the Cortes which
had bc^n given Cuba in 1834 was taken away, and it was announced
that Cuba would be governed by special laws. These, the Cubans
claim, were never published. From this time to 1847 several upris-
ings or insurrections occurred throughout Culwi, followed in that year
by a revolutionary conspiracy organized by Narciso Lopez, and hav-
ing in view the liberation of the island or its annexation to the United
States. It had been arranged to make the first demonstration on the
4th of July, in the city of Cienf uegos, but the plot was niade known
to the Spanish Grovernor, and Lopez and his companions fled to the
United States, where, in 1849, they organized a fillibustering expe-
dition, which was prevented from leaving by the vigilance of the
Government. In 1850 Lopez organized a second expedition, which
sailed from New Orleans May 10 and landed with 600 men at Carde-
nas, attacking its small garrison. A portion surrendered with Gov-
ernor Ceniti and the remainder went over to the insurgents. As
the uprising upon which Lopez depended did not take place, he
reemh^rked the same day and made his escape to Key West.
Undeterred by these failures, he organized a third expedition of 480
men in 1851, which sailed from New Orleans and landed, August 12,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
36 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
at Playitas, near Bahia Honda, 55 miles west of Habana. Colonel
Crittenden, of Kentucky, with 150 men formed part of the force. On
landing Lopez advanced on Las Pozas, leaving Colonel Crittenden in
El Morrillo. Meeting a Spanish force under General Enna, Lopez
was defeated after a gallant fight, his force dispersed and he with some
50 of his men captured and taken to Habana, where he was garroted.
In attempting to escape by sea Crittenden and his party were captured
and on the 16th of September were shot at the castle of Atares.
In the same year an uprising took place in Puerto Principe, led by
Juaquin de Aguero, but the movement came to naught and he and
several of his companions were executed.
Following the attempt of Aguero came the conspiracy of Vuelta
Abajo, organized in 1852 by Juan Gonzalez Alvara, a wealthy planter
of the province of Pinar del Rio. Associated with him were several
other prominent Cubans, and among them Francisco de Fras, Count of
Pozos Dulces. This attempt at revolution was discovered and the
leading conspirators arrested. They were tried and sentenced to death,
but were finally transported under sentence of life imprisonment.
Meantime the Liberal Club of Habana and the Cuban Junta in New
York were raising money and organizing expeditions destined for Cuba.
Some of them sailed, and in 1859 an attempt was made to land at Nue-
vas Grandes. But these expeditions accomplished little, except to
keep alive the spirit of revolution.
From this time to the outbreak of the revolution of 1868 the con-
dition of Cuban affairs does not appear to have improved. Taxes
continued excessive and duties exorbitant, reaching at times an
average of 40 per cent ad valorem on all imports, and so distributed
as practically to prohibit trade with any country except Spain. Small
uprisings and insurrections were frequent and there were many exe-
cutions. Meanwhile the results of the civil war in the United States,
and more particularly the abolition of slavery, encouraged the Cubans
to hope for liberal reforms, especially in the trade and industries of
the island, but no concessions appear to have been made until the year
1865, when, by a royal decree of November 25, a conmiission was
appointed by Isabella II to consider the question of reforms in the
admin isti-ation of Cuba. Nothing came of it, however, although it
afforded an opportunity to the few Cuban delegates who were present
to formulate their views. They demanded greater political and eco-
nomic liberty, a constitutional insular government, freedom of the
press, the right of petition and assembly, the privilege of holding
oflSce, and representation in the Cortes. It would have been well for
Spain had she listened to these complaints and made some effort to
satisfy them, but nothing was done and as a result the revolution of
1868 was commenced at Yara in the province of Puerto Principe.
It was ended by the capitulation of Zanjon, February 10, 1878, and
Digitized by VjOOQIC
HI8T0BY. 37
in its more serious phases was confined to the provinces of Santiago
and Puerto Principe. No battles or serious engagements were fought,
although a guerrilla warfare of great cruelty and intensity was carried
on. While the casualties of the fighting were comparatively few for
a war of such duration, there were many deaths from disease, exe-
cutions, and massacres, and the Spanish troops suffered severely from
yellow fever, which prevailed at all times in the sea-coast cities.
The effect of the ten years' war on the material condition of Cuba
can not be stated with accuracy. The population had increased in the
ten years previous at the rate of 17 per cent during the war, and for
ten years after the increase was but 6 per cent. A large number of
lives and a large amount of property were destroyed, and an enormous
debt was incurred, while taxes of all kinds increased threefold. The
war is said to have cost the contestants $300,000,000, which was charged
to the debt of Cuba.
By the capitulation of Zanjon ^ Spain agreed to redress the griev-
ances of Cuba by giving greater civil, political, and administrative
privileges to the people, * with forgetfulness of the past and amnesty
for all then under sentence for political offenses. It has been claimed
by Cubans that these promises were never fulfilled, and this and the
failure of the Cortes to pass the bill reforming the government of
Cuba, introduced in 1894 by Sefior Maura, minister for the colonies,
are generally given as the causes of the last rebellion. On the other
hand, Spain has always insisted that every promise was observed, and
that even more was granted than was asked for or stipulated in the
' articles of capitulation. Thus, by the decree of March 1, 1878, Cuba
and Porto Rico were given representation in the Spanish Cortes, upon
the basis of their respective populations, and the provincial and munic-
ipal laws of 1877 promulgated in Spain were made applicable to Cuba.
By proclamation of March 24, 1878, full amnesty was given to all,
even to Spanish deserters who had served in the insurgent army; on
May 23, 1879, the penal code of Spain and the rules for its application
were given effect in Cuba; on April 7, 1881, the Spanish constitution,
full and unrestricted, as in force in Spain, was extended to Cuba by
law; in 1885 the Spanish law of civil procedure was given to Cuba, and
on July 31, 1889, the Spanish civil code, promulgated in 1888, was put
in operation m Cuba and Porto Rico.
After examining all the evidence, however, the student of Cuban
history will probably conclude that while the Spanish Government was
technically correct in claiming to have enacted all laws necessary to
make good her promises, there was a failure usually to execute them,
and that, as a matter of fact, political conditions in Cuba remained
* Sometimes referred to as the "Treaty** or "CJompromise" of Zanjon.
' Same as people of Porto Rico.
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38 BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
practically as before the war, although very much improved on the
surface/
A serious permanent fall in the price of sugar in 1884 and the final
abolition of slavery in 1887 added to the economic troubles of the
people, and in conjunction with continued political oppression, kept
alive the feelings which had brought on the war. The Cubans believed
that notwithstanding the capitulation of Zanjon they were still mere
hewers of wood and drawers of water, with but little voice in the
government of the island, and that Spain was the chief beneficiary
of its wealth. And such would appear to have been the fact if the
following figures, taken from ofiicial sources, can be relied upon:
From 1893 to 1898 the revenues of Cuba, under excessive taxation,
high duties, and the Habana lottery, averaged about $26,000,000 per
annum, although very much larger in previous years," depending on
the financial exigencies of the Spanish Grovemment. Of this amount
$10,500,000 went to Spain to pay the interest on the Cuban debt,
$12,000,000 were allotted for the support of the Spanish-Cuban army
and navy and the maintenance of the Cuban government in all its
branches, including the church, and the remainder, less than $2,600,000,
was allowed for public works, education, and the general impi*ovement
of Cuba, independent of municipal expenditures. As the amounts
appropriated annually in the Cuban budget were not sufficient to cover
the expenditures and there was a failure to collect the taxes, deficits
were inevitable. These were charged to the Cuban debt, until, by
1897, through this and other causes, it aggregated about $400,000,000,
or an amount per capita of $283.64— more than three times as large as-
the per capita debt of Spain and much larger than the per capita debt
of any other European country.
Under such perverted economic management it is not surprising
that another rebellion was planned, and that the war of 1896-1898
followed.
The United States had always shown a friendly interest in the affairs
of Cuba, and the question of its annexation had been discussed as. far
back as 1826, when Mr. John Quincy Adams was President,. partly, it
is said, to prevent the island from passing under the control of any
other nation, in violation of the Monroe doctrine, and partly for the
purpose of extending the slave territory of the United States. To
this end a popular movement was started in the Southern States dur-
ing the Mexican war (1846). Two years later (1848) President Polk
made propositions to the Spanish Government, through the American
minister in Madrid, having in view the purchase of the island.
* It was the interpretation and execution of the laws by Governors having but little
sympathy with the natives rather than the laws themselves that caused most of the
trouble in Cuba.
»In 1860, $29,610,779; 1880, $40,000,000; 1882, $35,860,246.77. Cuba was expected
to contribute whatever was demanded.
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HISTORY. 39
Again, in 1854, the strained relations between Spain and the United
States, growing out of the detention of the American steamer Black
Warrior in the harbor of Habana, charged vrith violating the customs
regulations, and the search of several American vessels by Spanish
cruisers elicited the " Ostend Manifesto," drawn up by the American
ministers to England, France, and Spain, in which it was declared
"that the possession of Cuba by a foreign power was a menace to the
peace of the United States, and that Spain be offered the alternative of
taking $200,000,000 for her sovereignty over the island or having it
taken from her by force." Finally, during the ten years' war. Presi-
dent Grant, while expressing his belief to the Spanish Government
that only independence and emancipation could settle the Cuban ques-
tion and that intervention might be necessary to end the war, repeat-
edly proffered the good offices of the United States in reestablishing
peace. Meanwhile, in 1873, the capture of the Vwgmvus and the
tragic execution of 53 of her passengers and crew in the city of San-
tiago de Cuba by order of the Spanish conmiander came near to involv-
ing the countries in war, happily avoided by diplomatic action. *
As the rebellion of 1895 proceeded, much sympathy was felt for the
Cubans by the people of tiie United States, which being reflected in
Congress resulted in a concurrent resolution of strict neutrality, but
coupled with a declaration that the United States should proffer its
good offices to Spain, through President Cleveland, with a view of
ending the war and securing the independence of the island; but
nothing came of it. As the war continued it excited much interest in
the United States, and, in 1896, both Republican and Democratic
national conventions passed resolutions of sympathy for the Cubans
and demanded that the Government take action.
Although the Committee on Foreign Relations in the Senate of the
Fifty-fourth Congress reported a resolution, December 21, 1896,
recognizing the republic of Cuba, it was never taken from the calen-
dar. Meanwhile reports of outrages and indignities to American
citizens in Cuba and of the dreadful effects of reconcentration were fre-
quently conm[iunicated to the Government or published in the press.
In May, 1897, Congress appropriated $50,000 for the purchase of
supplies for the reconcefntnrado9^ as it was reported that many of them
were, or claimed to be, American citizens. The supplies were sent
under permission of Spain, and were distributed to the reconcentrados^
^ The records of the State DeiMurtment show conclusiyely that, notwithstanding
serious provocations, the United States up to the time of the recent war had always
observed strict neutrality toward Spain in dealing with Cuba, and had always stood
ready to recognize her control over the island. Nor were the Cubans ever encour-
aged by the President to believe that either belligerency or independence would
receive acknowledgment
• ReooncerUrados, or, as they were called, ** Pac^icosy*^ were the country people (small
farmers), who sjrmpathized with the insuigents and gave them such assistance as they
could. The proclamation of Captain-General Weyler, issued in 1896, required them to
abandon their homes and property of every kind and move into the nearest towns,
where many of them died of starvation and disease. Their homes were destroyed
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40 BEPOBT ON THE OEKStJB OF CUBA, 1809.
whether Americans or not, and soon after the i-evocation of the edict
of reconcentration and the recall of Captain-General Weyler wei-e
requested by the United States. While tiiese requests were favorably
I'cceived by Spain, it was veiy evident that little was being done, and as
the war continued apparently on the same lines, it was thought advisable
to send a man-of-war to Habana for the protection of American citizens.
The battle ship Maine was selected for this duty, and sailed in January,
and soon after the Spanish cruiser Viscaya was ordered to visit New
York, as evidence of existing friendly relations. On the night of
February 15 the Maiv^ was blown up and 2 officers and 264 sailors
lost their lives. Spanish officials at once insisted that the explosion
was due to an accident caused by carelessness and lack of discipline.
A board of naval officers was convened by the President to examine
into the circiunstances, and after a careful investigation, extending
over a month, reported that the ship had been blown up from the out-
side. A contrary report was the result of a Spanbh investigation.
The report of the naval board was laid before Congress by the Presi-
dent, who meanwhile had used every effort to avoid war by diplomatic
action.
Eiarly in April it became known that Spain had proposed to the
insurgents a suspension of hostilities, to be followed by a capitulation,
and had appropriated $600,000 for the relief of the reconcentrados^ but
that the proposal had been rejected by the insurgent leaders. As it
was evident from this that the war would continue, the President sent a
message to Congress on April 11, requesting authority to end the war
and to secure in Cuba the establishment of a stable government capa-
ble of maintaining order and observing its international obligations.
On April 19 Congress passed joint resolutions, which, after reciting
the conditions existing in Cuba, demanded the withdrawal of Spain
from the island, and empowered the President to use the military and
naval forces of the United States to carry the resolutions into effect.
This was practically a declaration of war, and, on April 23, the
President issued a proclamation calling for 125,000 volunteers, which
nmnber was subsequently increased to 200,000, and the Regular Army
to 60,000 men. By a formal declaration of April 80, Congress
announced that war had existed since April 21.
On April 24 Commodore Dewey, commanding the Asiatic Squadron,
was notified by the Secretary of the Navy that war with Spain had
begun, and to proceed to the Philippine Islands and capture or
destroy the Spanish fleet. On Aprl 27 he sailed from Hongkong in
the execution of this order, and on the afternoon of April 80 arrived
at the entrance of Manila Bay, where, on the following day, he cap-
tured or destroyed all the vessels of the Spanish fleet.
On June 14 an American army, numbering 15,000 men, under com-
mand of Gen. W. R. Shafter, sailed from Port Tampa, Fla., for
Santiago de Cuba, where it arrived on the morning of June 20, and
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THE SURRENDER TREE NEAR SAN JUAN HILL.
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HI8TOBY.
41
on July 1 and 2 the battle of San Juan took place, resulting in the
defeat of the Spanish troops and the investment of Santiago.^ On the
morning of July 3, the Spanish fleet, under Admiral Cervera, attempted
to escape from the harbor, but was intercepted by the American fleet
under Capt. William T. Sampson and totally destroyed. On July 16,
articles of capitulation were signed at Santiago de Cuba, followed by
the formal surrender of the Spanish forces in the eastern district of
Santiago on July 17.
On August 12 a protocol provided for a cessation of hostilities, and
on December 10 a treaty of peace between the United States and Spain
was signed at Paris. It was ratified by the President February 6,
1899, and by the Queen Regent of Spain March 19, and proclaimed in
Washington, D. C, April 11, thus ending the last act in the drama.
Cuba was to be free at last on the single condition that '' she estab-
lish a stable government capable of maintaining order and observing
international obligations." With this question she is to deal presently.
While the ten years' war was not without disastrous effects on the
economic development of Cuba, they were trifling as compared with
the war of 1895-1898, which resulted in a large decrease of population
and of the wealth-producing power of the country. It may be said
in general, on a conservative estimate, that the population of the island
decreased 12 per cent and its wealth two-thirds.
As an indication of the financial stress prevailing in the island, the
ratio of mortgage indebtedness to the value of real property, as
assessed by the Spanish Government, is interesting. The mortgages
and censos are from the reports of the registers of property to the
treasurer of the island for January, 1900, and are shown in the fol-
lowing tables:
RURAL REAL ESTATE.
Province.
Value of prop-
erty.
Amount of mort-
gage indebted-
ness.
Amount of quit
rents (censos).
Habana
Matanzas
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe . . .
Santa Clara ,
Santiago deOaba..
$44,140,610.00
46,694,977.40
28,982.950.60
8,466.736.90
41.838,396.00
20,701,166.20
118,797,063.00
35,764,486.88
8,080,996.31
2,706,196.62
87,422,669.71
4,185,946.40
t7, 037, 047. 42
9.178,964.43
4,833,793.36
984,795.10
3,445,936.78
188,916.72
Total.
184,724,886.00
U06.897,249.32
< 25, 679, 462. 81
1 58 per cent, approximate.
s 14 per cent, approximate.
CITY REAL ESTATK
Habana
$84,804,600.00
17,7(M,963.50
8,278.788.80
2,428,446.00
19,761,472.80
10,988,944.10
$89,522,641.96
4,686,667.49
640,609.89
461.078.83
8,965,725.35
1,464,449.99
$11,900,842.61
Matanzas
1,264,729.11
PinardelRio
286,744.66
Puerto Principe
888.836.40
Banta Clara ,.,,
497,992.04
Santiago de Cxiba ».
270,206.77
Total
138,917,069.70
U00,729,948.61
« 14, 608, 860. 48
1 79 per cent, approximate.
« 10 per cent, approximate.
^Thifl included the operations of lAwton at El Caney, July 1.
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42 REPOBT ON THE CEK8U8 OF CUBA, 1890.
It should not be forgotten in discussing these ratios that there has
been no valuation of real property since American occupation, and that
the values given are those made by Spanish ofScers some time prior
thereto.
The actual value of real estate, especially of city property, is much
greater than is given in the tables. It is probable that the amount of
encumbrances is also greater than has been stated. It is quite certain
that had the war continued under the same conditions for another year,
nearly the entire rural population of the central and western provinces
would have been destroyed, as also their agricultural wealth. There-
fore American interference did not come too soon, and the Cubans
have every reason to be thankful that the declaration of President
McKinley made to Congress April 11, 1898, '*that the war in Cuba
must stop,'' was not made in vain.
Prominent among the causes tending to retard the material prosper-
ity of Cuba has been the lack of educational interest and facilities.
For nearly three hundred years there were practically no schools in
the island.
A history of education in Cuba is presented elsewhere in this report
as an introduction to the analysis of the tables of education. It is suf-
ficient in this connection to say that prior to 1842 there were no pub-
lic schools in Cuba. In that year, largely through the efforts of the
Sociedad Economica de Habana and of other patriotic residents of the
island, provision was made by the Spanish Grovernment for public
schools. But if any reliance can be placed in the following figures, they
did very little toward educating the masses.
By the census of 1861 there were 793,484 white people in Cuba,
of whom 552,027, or 70 per cent, could not read, and of the 603,046
colored persons, 576,266, or 95 per cent, could not read.
By the census of 1887 there were 1,102,889 whites, of whom 715,575,
or 64 per cent, could not read, and of the 528,798 colored, 463,782, or
87 per cent, could not read. No statistics of the degree of literacy in*
the island in 1842, when the public-school system was conmienced, are
available, but the state of education nearly fifty years after affords some
idea of the sufficiency of the schools and of their influence in eradicating
a potent cause of stagnation. An increase of 6 per cent in literacy of the
white population in twenty-six years indicates either that very little
importance was attached to public education as a means of general
improvement, or that no such improvement was expected.
From the contemplation of this picture of prolonged misrule, we
turn in closing to a few incidents in the history of Cuba from which
she derived substantial and lasting benefit First in chronological
order was the invasion and occupation of the island by the British in
1762, assisted by troops from the Anglo-American colonies. Habana
was surrendered August 13, after a two months' siege. The English
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OOVBBNMEWT. 43
held the country as far east as Matanzas until the following spring,
when, by the treaty of Paris (February, 1763), which ended the war
between England, France, and Spain, Cuba was ceded back to Spain in
exchange for Florida. Up to this time Habana had been the only port
of entry since it became the capital in 1558, and even trade with
Habana was confined strictly to Seville and Cadiz. The English opened
this port at once to foreign and domestic conunerce, thus removing at
a stroke all the restrictions which had fettered it, and, although the
English occupation lasted but six months, the benefit to Cuba was per-
manent, as after the recession of the island to Spain it was found
impracticable to reestablish former trade restrictions entirely. The
cession of Florida to England caused the migration of a large number
of Spaniards from Florida to Cuba.
The next event, in point of time, which, however unfortunate for
Spain, proved of great benefit to Cuba, was the revolution in the
neighboring island of Haiti, the cession of that island to France
in 1795, and the race war between the whites and negroes which
followed, and which was continued at intervals for ten years.
Thousands of French and Spanish settlers fled or emigrated to Cuba,
where they located, chiefly in the provinces of Santiago and Puerto
Principe, introducing the cultivation of coffee and adding materially
to the wealth and agricultural prosperity of the island.
Similarly, the cession of Louisiana to the United States in 1803 and
of Florida in 1819 and the revolution of the Spanish South American
colonies and of Mexico caused a notable increase in the population of
Cuba, to which many loyal Spaniards emigrated or fled for refuge.
In truth, the loyalty of Spaniards to their Government and its insti-
tutions, their patriotic devotion to their country, their steadfast cour-
i^e, and their patient endurance through many trials and provocations
are/Lmong the traits which contributed to the remarkable ascendency
of Spain and her former dominion over more than half the known earth.
Yet, combined with these characteristics, was the leaven of personal lib-
erty and a love of political freedom bom of ancient privileges, and for
which they have e\er contended. These qualities, under the influences
of the nineteenth century, were destined to establish republics even
as in past centuries they had founded empires.
OOVEBNHENT.
The government of all Spanish colonies was conducted on the the-
ory that newly discovered territory belonged to the Crown rather than
to the Government and that all political control was vested in the King,
who appointed all the Viceroys, Captain-Generals, and Governors.
When Cuba was colonized by Velasquez this control was mainly
exercised through the Council of the Indies. The Cortes of Castile
was seldom called except to vote funds or supplies for the King, and
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44 BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
every branch of colonial administration, civil as well as military, was
under the jurisdiction of the Council, which appointed all officials not
appointed by the King. Thus all government control centered in the
Council and the King, and local self-government, which was developed
at an early stage in the English colonies, became practically impossi-
ble in the Spanish colonies, no matter to what extent it may have
existed in theory.
Coupled with secular control, as an impoiiant part of the plan of
colonization, was that of the church, and in every colonial expedition
there were abbots, bishops, priests, friars, or monks, who, while they
were largely interested in the material prosperity of their order by the
acquisition of land, the erection of churches, monasteries, and convents,
devoted themselves, zealously to the conversion of the natives and pro-
tected them as far as possible against the cruelty and rapacity of the
invaders. On the other hand, it must be conceded that while in the
early history of the island its purposes were ostensibly benevolent, the
Spanish Church has persistently and rigorously opposed freedom of
conscience, the spread of public education, and every effort on the part
of the Cubans to establish self-government. By the year 1857 the
property of the church in the island amounted to about $7,162,685,
and the adjustment of church claims is now one of the most difficult
questions before the insular government.
The plan of Spanish colonization in America, as well as the laws
governing the colonies, was essentially Roman in origin. Up to the
year 1621 the laws of Spain applied equally to all her colonies, but
thereafter they did not unless declared to do so by the council of the
Indies.
Special regulations, decrees, etc., modifying the application of the
laws to the colonies or promulgating new laws were frequent, and
their compilation in 1680 was published as the ''Law of the Indies."
This and the '' Siete Partidas^'' on which they were largely based,
comprised the code under which the Spanish American colonies were
governed.
All the colonies were founded practically on the same plan. This
included the jyre^idio^ or military headquarters, the puMo^ or town,
and the mission for the conversion and education of the Indians, usu-
ally located at some distance apart from the other two. The land set
aside for the pueblo was laid out in the form of a square or rectangle.
The jplaza^ or public square, was then laid out near the central point,
and after that the streets of the town, dividing it into blocks. The
public buildings and church were erected around the plaza^ facing it,
the remaining space being occupied with dwellings. This is the plan
of all the oldest cities and towns of Cuba. To the military garrison
was intrusted the protection of the jmMo and mission and the con-
duct of all expeditions for any purpose.
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GOVERNMENT. 45
After establishing the municipality the next step was the exploration
and pacification of the country, and after that the disposition of the
spoils captured, including the land and natives. These were usually
divided among the Spanish followers of the military commander, one-
fifth of all gold, silver, and Indians being turned over to the revenue
oflScers of the Crown.
As in the mother country, the colonial municipality was the local
political unit, and its government was vested in an ayuntamiento^ or
municipal council, consisting of mayors (alcaldes) and councilors {regi-
dores). There was also an algnacil^ or sheriff, and in the large towns a
procurador syndico^ or city attorney. The alcaldes acted as judges and
conducted trials.
In the early history of Spanish municipalities they were, to a limited
extent, self-governing, electing the mayors and councilors. With the
extension of the royal authority following the union of the Spanish
provinces the control of these offices was gradually assumed by the
Crown and they were filled by nomination or appointment, being sold
to the highest bidder, and often made hereditary. With the return of
more liberal government this practice was discontinued, and finally they
again became elective. This was the experience of Cuban municipali-
ties. Not all the councilors were selected in this way, however, as
some were elected. For such elections a royal decree of 1568 con-
ferred the elective franchise on the forty largest taxpayers and on
those who had academic or university degrees. The alcaldes were
appointed by the Governor-General from the members of the council.
This plan of government continued with slight variations until 1812,
when it was modified, but wasi reestablished in 1814.
In 1859 each municipality was given a council consisting of 1 mayor,
1 syndic^ and 6 aldermen, if the population was 6,000, and 2 deputy
mayors and 10 aldermen if the population was 10,000. Exception
was made of Habana, which was given 7 deputy mayors, 4 syndics^
and 16 aldermen. All councilors, except those appointed for life, were
elected in each municipality by the largest taxpayers, subject to the
approval of the Governor-General, the number of electors being twice
or thrice as many as the number of councilors to be elected, according
as the population was less than or exceeded 10,000. The elections
were held annually, and the Cubans claim that under this system the
offices were generally filled by Spaniards, although they did not com-
prise one-fifth of the white population.
By the electoral law of August 20, 1870, amended by that of Decem-
ber 16, 1875, the elective franchise was conferred on the heads of fam-
ilies actually engaged in some profession or trade, who had resided in
the district for two years at least, and who paid a tax of b pesos on
their own property one year before the formation of the electoral list,
or who were civil employees of the state, the province, or municipal-
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46 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
ity, in active service, or retired or pensioned from the army or navy,
and all adults who had resided in the district two years who could fur-
nish proof of their professional or academic education by means of
an official certificate. Other electoral laws, orders, and decrees regu-
lating the elective franchise have been promulgated since the law of
1875. Property education and tax tests were always qualifications of
both provincial and municipal electors until 1897, when universal suf-
frage in municipal elections only was granted.
Very little authority, especially in fiscal affairs, was conferred on
the municipal councils, the members of which performed a variety of
duties, and their existence as well as their acts were absolutely under
the control of the Governor-General.
By a royal decree of 1878, the organic municipal and provincial laws
of the peninsula, somewhat modified, were extended provisionally to
Cuba. By these laws a municipality is defined to be the legal asso-
ciation of all persons who reside in a municipal district, and is to be
represented by a municipal council as a financial administrative corpo-
ration. A municipal district is the territory under the administra-
tion of a municipal council. Municipal districts are established,
increased, diminished, annexed to other municipal districts, wholly or
in part, or abolished, by the Military Governor as the lawful suc-
cessor of the Governor-General. They correspond in a measure to
American counties or townships, and as prerequisites to their estab-
lishment must contain not less than 2,000 inhabitants, a territory pro-
portioned in extent to the population, and be able to meet the obligatory
municipal expenses.
Municipal districts differ in area, and each forms part of a judicial
district and of a province, but can not belong to different jurisdictions
of the same order. There are 6 provinces, 31 judicial districts, and
132 municipal districts in the island.
To facilitate the administrative service, each municipal district is
divided into subdistricte and the latter into wards (harrios)^ depending
on the number of residents in the subdistricts. For political purposes
the subdistricts are further divided into electoral districts and the
latter into electoral sections.
As far as practicable, ward limits are arranged so that the wards
shall have approximately the same population; but every part of the
municipal district must form, or be included in, a ward, no matter
what its population may be.
Thus the province of Matanzas has 24 municipal districts and 128
wards, so that the entire province is embraced within district and ward
lines. The seat of municipal government is the principal town or city
in the district where the enumeration of the subdistricts and wards
begins.
Each municipal district has a municipal council and a municipal
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GOVEBNMENT. 47
board. The council governs the district, subject to the supervision of
the governor of the province and Military Governor of the island, and
is composed of a mayor, a certain number of deputy mayors, and
aldermen taken from the members of the council/
The census of the population determines the number of councilors
to which each municipal district is entitled, as follows: Up to 500
inhabitants, five; 500 to 800, six; 800 to 1,000, seven; between 1,000
and 10,000, one additional councilor for every additional 1,000 people;
and between 10,000 and 20,000, one for every additional 2,000 people.
For more than 20,000, one for every additional 2,000 inhabitants until
the municipal council has the maximum niunber of 30 councilors.
The number of deputy mayors is determined on the same principle.
Municipal districts of less than 800 inhabitants have no deputy may-
ors; between 800 and 1,000, one; 1,000 to 6,000, two; 6,000 to 10,000,
three; 10,000 to 18,000, four; 18,000 or more, five. Up to 800 inhab-
itants there is but one subdistrict, and between 800 and 1,000 two, but
thereafter the number of subdistricts corresponds to the number of
deputy mayors. Each deputy mayor is in charge of a subdistrict as
the representative of the mayor, discharging such administrative duties
as he may direct, but having no independent functions.
Up to 3,000 inhabitants there is but one electoral district; between
3,000 and 6,000, three; 6,000 to 10,000, four; 10,000 to 18,000, five;
18,000 or more, six.
The councilors are elected from the municipality at large by the
qualified voters of the district, one-half being renewed every two
years, the councilors longest in service going out at each renewal.
TTiey are eligible for reelection. The regular elections are held in the
first two weeks in May, but partial elections are held when, at least
six months before the regular election, vacancies occur which amount
to a third of the total number of councilors. If they occur after this
period they are filled by the governor of the province from among
former members of the council.
All male citizens over 25 years of age who enjoy their full civil
rights, and have lived at least two years in the municipality, are enti-
tled to vote, provided they are not disqualified by sentence for certain
criminal offenses, bankruptcy or insolvency, or are not delinquent tax-
payers or paupers.
The mayors and deputy mayors are appointed by the Military Gov-
ernor from among the councilors on the reconmiendation of the coun-
cil. But while under the law the deputy mayors must be selected
from the council, the Military Governor may appoint any person as
mayor, whether he belongs to the municipality or not.
In each ward there is also an alcalde de harrio or ward mayor. He
' This law was in force when the census was taken.
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48 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899,
is appointed by the mayor of the municipal district, who can also sus-
pend or remove him. He is i*equired to keep a register of the horses,
mules, and cattle in his ward, and to discharge such administrative
duties as the deputy mayor of the subdistrict in which his ward is
located may direct.
Each council has a secretary, who is appointed by the Military Gov-
ernor of the island on the recommendation of the council. The coun-
cil also appoints from among its members one or more fiscal attorneys
{procuradores syndicos)^ whose duty it is to represent the council in all
legal suits which may be instituted, and to revise and audit all local
accounts and budgets. After the council is fully organized the coun-
cilors who are not appointed to other offices in the council are called
aldermen. The mayor and secretary are the only salaried municipal
officers, the office of deputy mayor, fiscal attorney , alderman, associate
member of the municipal board, and mayor of a ward being described
in the law as "gratuitous, obligatoiy, and honorary." The mayor,
deputy mayors, and fiscal attorneys have the same right to speak and
vote as the membei's of the council, and, in fact, the first two are
obliged to vote on eveiy resolution.
The duties and responsibilities of the municipal council are those
which usually devolve on such bodies in European countries. The
mayor is president of the council and represents it on all occasions.
He presides at the meetings when the governor of the province is not
present. He votes by right of membership, and in case of a tie casts
the deciding vote, but has neither the veto nor the appointing power.
As a result, there is no division of responsibility between the mayor
and the council in administrative matters, the council, as a whole,
making every appointment and deciding every question of municipal
administration as far as the laws and the provincial and insular gov-
ernors will permit, distributing the work of departmental management
to permanent conmiittees of their own number, which they organize
and constitute as may seem best. These committees have associated
with them such experts and specialists as may be necessary, and take
the place of the several independent departments and boards which are
features of municipal government in the United States.
The sessions of the municipal council are determined by that body,
but can not be less than one each week. Every member is required to
attend punctually or pay a fine. Neither the mayor, the deputies,
aldermen, nor ward mayors can absent themselves from the municipal
district unless they receive permission as follows: The mayor from the
governor of the province, and if the latter does not appoint a tempo-
mry mayor the senior deputy acts; deputy mayors and aldermen require
the permission of the council; ward mayors of the mayor. The gov-
ernor of the province can suspend the mayor or the deputies and
aldermen, as well as the resolutions and decisions of the council, while
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GOVEBNMENT. 49
the Military Governor can remove all municipal oflSicei*8 and appoint
others to their places, and modify or annul the proceedings of the
council.
The municipal board is composed of the municipal council and an
equal number of associate members elected from among the taxpayers
of the district, who hold office during the fiscal year. It is the duty of
the board to revise the annual budget of municipal expenses prepared
by the council and to establish the taxes according to law.
By a royal decree of November 25, 1897, municipalities were granted
the power to frame their own laws regarding health, public education,
public highways by land, river or sea, and municipal finances, and
freely to appoint and remove their own employees. Municipal councils
were empowered to choose their own mayors from among the coun-
cilors, and provision was made for a minority representation in the
councils. Owing to the war this decree did not become operative.
General Wood, the Military Governor of Cuba, under date of March
24, 1900, intrusted to the municipal authorities, without any interven-
tion on the part of civil governors, the maintenance of public order,
the execution of municipal ordinances, the administration of the munic-
ipal police, the regulation of public amusements, and the granting of
permits for public parades, assemblies, and meetings within their
respective districts.
By a civil decree of April 18, 1900, the power to elect mayoi-s,
councilors, treasurers, municipal judges, and correctional judges, to
hold office for one year, was conferred on municipalities. This decree
further provided for the registration of voters, the nomination of
candidates, tickets, boards of election, voting, methods of challenge,
and penalties for all kinds of election frauds.
The qualifications of voters at municipal elections were established
as follows:
1. The voter must be a native male Cuban, or the son of a native male Cuban,
born while his parents were temporarily residing abroad, or a Spaniard included
within the provisions of article 9 of the treaty of Paris, who has not made declara-
tion of his decision to preserve his allegiance to the Crown of Spain, as provided in
said article.
2. He must be of the age of 21 years or upward on the day preceding the day of
election.
3. He must have resided in the municipality in which he intends to vote at least
thirty days immediately preceding the first day of registration, and in addition to
the above he mufit possess any one of the following qualifications: (a) Ability to
read and write; (6) ownership of real or personal property to the value of $250,
American gold; (c) service in the Cuban army prior to July IS, 1898, and the
honorable discharge therefrom, whether a native Cuban or not.
Digqualifications, — No person shall be qualified to vote who is insane or an idiot, or
who is a resident in, or supported by, any public charitable institution, or who is
deprived of or suspended from the exercise of his political rights by sentence of a
court, except in cases where the conviction is for a crime of a political character.
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50 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT.
Under the laws of Spain, a province is composed of the municipal
districts within its limits. Up to the 8th of October, 1607, Cuba
formed a single province, but by royal decree of that date, it was
divided into two provinces, the Oriental and Occidental, the capitals
of which were the cities of Santiago de Cuba and Habana, respec-
tively. The Governor-General resided in Habana and a provincial
government was established in Santiago. Over the Occident*:! prov-
ince he had immediate supei'vision, and over the Oriental through its
governor.
This continued to be the provincial division of the island until July
17, 1827, when by royal decree it was divided into three departments,
to wit: The Occidental, Central, and Oriental, with capitals in Habana,
Trinidad, and Santiago, respectively.
The departments were further divided into districts, the Occidental
having 11, the Central 6, and the Oriental 4. To each department a
lieutenant-governor was appointed — a general officer of the Spa, ish
army — and to the districts military officers of subordinate rank. The
officers were appointed by the Governor-General, to whom they were
directly responsible for the administration of civil and military affairs
within the territorial divisions to which they were assigned.
In 1860, on the recommendation of the Captain-General, the Cent
department was discontinued, and the municipalities of Puerto Prin-
cipe, Neuvitas, and Trinidad were all annexed to the Occidental depai^
ment; the far eastern part of its territory was incorporated with tb'
Oriental department, which now constitutes the province of Santiago
By a royal decree of June 9, 1878, Cuba was divided into tht
provinces of Pinar del Rio, Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Puerto
Principe, and Santiago do Cuba, with capitals in the cities bearing the
names of the provinces. The provincial government was vested in a
civil governor, a provincial deputation, and a provincial committee.
The governor was appointed and removed by the Governor-General
and received a salary of from $4,000 to $8,000 in Spanish gold, accord-
ing as the province was first, second, or third class.
The provincial deputation was composed of deputies elected for four
years by the qualified voters of the municipalities. The number of
deputies depended on the nmnber of electoral districts in the province
Bs determined by the provincial deputation, and approved by the Gov-
ernor-General. In the same way the judicial districts of the province
were allowed to elect twelve deputies, more or less, depending on
whether the number of deputies elected by the municipalities exceeded
or was less than twenty. The deputies served without pay.
The provincial committee and its vice-president were appointed by
the Governor-General from among the members of the deputation and
consisted of five deputies who received a salary of from $1,200 to
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GOVEBNMENT. 51
$2,000 a year in Spaninh gold, according to the classification of the
province. The deputation met in regular session in November and
April and held such extra sessions as were necessary. The permanent
conmaittee represented the deputation when not in session, and acted as
an advisory body to the governor in respect to matters which the laws
did not impose on the deputation.
The governor of the province, as the representative of the Governor-
General, presided over the deputation and permanent committee and
acted as the chief executive of the province in all matters. It was his
duty to inspect the councils and the municipalities, informing the
Governor-General of all cases of negligence or disaflfection. He had
supreme authority, subject, of course, to the Governor-General. He
was responsible for public order, and the military authorities of the
province were under his control.
The provincial deputation had charge generally of the public roads,
harbors, navigation and irrigation, and all kinds of public works of a
provincial character, the charitable institutions and those of instruc-
tion, fairs, expositions, etc., and the administration of the provincial
funds. The secretary, auditor, and treasurer of the deputation were
appointed by the governor of the province on the reconunendation of
the deputation.
By 'a decree of 1892 Cuba was divided into three ''Regions"
under the name of Habana, Matanzas, and Santiago de Cuba. The
first one comprised the provinces of Habana and Pinar del Rio, the
second Matanzas and Santa Clara, and the third one Santiago de Cuba
and Puerto Principe. The " Regions" were under regional governor,
who resided in Habana, Matanzas, and Santiago cities, respectively,
and we^e at the same time civil governors of the provinces. The
provinces of Pinar del Rio, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe also had
civil governors who were under the authority of the governors of the
regions.
The regional governors had a consulting cabinet called ^^CoTiseijo
Regimud^'^ composed of five members appointed by the Governor-
General of the island, on the nomination of the regional governors.
The civil governors of the provinces of Pinar del Rio, Santa Clara,
and Puerto Principe had the same authority they had prior to the
establishment of the regions.
It is said that the regions were formed for the purpose of decen-
tralizing the administration of the island, which had always been car-
ried on in Habana, but this result did not follow, and the change only
served, apparently, to introduce further complications.
INSULAR GOVERNMENT.
Valasquez and his successors to the time of De Soto, 1538, were
lieutenant-governors, with limited power exercised under the super-
vision of the governor and audiencia of Santo Domingo. De Soto was
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52 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
the first Governor-General, and had nine successors with that title to
1581, when Gabriel de Lujan was appointed Captain-General. This
title was continued to the end of the Spanish control, a period of four
hundred and six years.
While the Governor-General, as the representative of the Crown,
was the civil, military, and political head of Cuba, and as a matter of
fact exercised the highest prerogatives of government, his authority
in reference to disbursements was limited by the direct appointment
of the Crown of the officers intrusted with the collection of the reve-
nues. He was also under the jurisdiction of the mtdieticia of Santo
Domingo, which had authority, on complaint, to examine into his acts,
to suspend him and other officials from office, and to make provisional
appointments subject to the decusion of the supreme court of Spain on
appeal. In 1795 the aitdienda of Santo Domingo was transfeiTed to the
province of Puerto Principe, when that island was ceded to France.
Up to 1556 the Governors wore frequently appointed from civil life,
but the military needs of the island, occasioned by the attacks of buc-
caneers and privateers, suggested a modification. This was made grad-
ually, the office of Governor-General being held by both soldiers and
civilians until the year 1716. From that date to 1898 the Governor-
General was a general officer of high rank in the Spanish army, in
whom were united all civil and military powers.
No change of importance appears to have taken place in the insular
government of Cuba until 1812, when Spain became a constitutional
monarchy and so remained until 1814, when it was abrogated by Ferdi-
nand. This brief period of constitutional government was not without
liberalizing influences in Cuba, and a division was made between the
civil and the military powers of the Goveraor-Geneml. With the
abrogation of the constitution of 1812 the Governors of Cuba resumed
their former prerogatives and the system of centralization, character-
istic of the government, was fully reestablished.
By the revolution of 1820 the constitution of 1812 was again reestab-
lished in Spain, but was set aside in 1823.
By a royal decree of May 28, 1825, ''all the powers conceded to the
governors of cities in a sUite of siege" were conferred on the Gov-
ernor-General. This decree was never revoked, and conferred des-
potic powers on the Governor-General.
In 1836 the constitution of 1812 was restored, but its provisions
were not extended to Cuba, which was to be governed under a special
system of decrees, orders, etc.
Associated with the Governor-General and fonning part of the pub-
lic administration of the island were certain special corporations and
boards, as of public works, health, charity, and public instruction. By
a royal decree of August 17, 1854, the active administrative functions
of these boards, etc., were vested in the Governor-Greneral, and they
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GOVERNMENT. 53
were declared to be " consultative councils of the Governor." In 1881
the constitution of 1876 was extended to Cuba, which regulated in some
measure the powers conferred on the Governor-General by the decree
of 1825.
By the law of March 15, 1895, the government and civil administra-
tion were reorganized and the Governor-General given a council of
administration consisting of 30 councilors, 15 of whom were appointed
by the Crown and 15 elected by voters having the right to vote for
members of the provincial assemblies, who were elected at the same
time.
The term of office of councilor was four years, one-half of the
councilors going out every two years, and the office was declared to be
honorary and gratuitous.
While the council of administration was given authority to take the
initiative by resolution in respect to any matter p>ertaining to the
proper management of the island, and the Governor-General was
directed to carry out such resolutions, he had full authority to stay
their execution and to take such measures as he thought advisable, sub-
mitting the matter to the minister of the colonies. He -had authority
to suspend the council of admin isti*ation after hearing the council of
authorities, and any members without such he>aring, provided there
were councilors enough left to form a qu6rum.
The council of authorities consisted of the Bishop of Habana or
the Archbishop of Santiago, the commander of the naval station, the
Military Governor, the presiding judge of the supreme court of Habana,
the attorney -genei-al, the head of the department of finance, and the
director of local administration. This was a purely advisory council,
submitting its views in the form of resolutions, which were not bind-
ing on the Governor-General.
The law of 1895 made more lil>eral provisions for the government
of the provinces and municipalities and the election of mayors and
aldermen.
By a royal decree of November 25, 1897, Cuba was given an insular
parliament consisting of two chaml>ers, which, with the Governor-
General, representing the mother country, constituted the government
of the island. The parliament was to consist of two bodies of equal
legislative powers, to be known as the chamber of representatives and
a council of administration, the latter of 35 members, 18 elected and
17 appointed by the Crown on nomination by the Governor-General.
The representatives were apportioned at the rate of one for every
25,000 inhabitants, and were chosen for five years. The Crown repre-
sentatives were appointed for life. The insular parliament was to
meet annually, and while given ample authority to legislate for the
island, the veto of the Governor-GenemI enabled him to suspend the
publication and execution of the laws, etc., imtil Madrid could be
heard from.
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54 KEPORT ON THE 0EK8U8 OP CUBA, 1899.
The decree provided for a cabinet of five secretaries of department,
to wit: grace, justice, and interior; finance; public education, and public
works; posts and telegraphs; agriculture, industry and commerce.
The cabinet was inaugurated January 1, 1898. A modification of the
provincial and municipal government and a number of other measures
were contained in the decree, to which the reader is referred for a
more detailed account of its provisions. One of the most important
of these conferrexi on the insular government the framing of the
tariflf, always a cAuse of grave economic disturbance while it had been
under the home government.
As the country was involved in war, the execution of this decree
was not carried out except as to the organization of the parliament
and cabinet, and possibly in some of its minor prescriptions. The
chambers were inaugurated in May and dissolved by Captain-General
Blanco in October. The cabinet was abolished shortly before Ameri-
can occupation, and the autonomous government came to an end.
On the withdrawal of Spain the government of the island devolved
on the Army of the United States under the laws of war, and Maj.
Gen. John R. Brooke was appointed Military Governor. He entered
on his duties January 1, 1899, and in order to acquaint the people of
the island with the intentions of the President as Ck>nunander in Chief
of the Anny, issued the following proclamation:
To the People of Cuba:
Coming among you as the representative of the President, in furtherance and in
continuation of the humane purpose with which my country interfered to put an end
to the distressing condition in this island, I deem it proper to say that the object of
the present government is to give protection to the people, security to person and
property, to restore confidence, to encourage the people to resume the pursuits of
peace, to build up waste plantations, to resume commercial traffic, and to afford full
protection in the exercise of all civil and religious rights.
To this end the protection of the United States Government will be directed, and
every possible provision made to carry out these objects through the channels of
civil administration, although under military control, in the interest and for the
benefit of all the people of Cuba, and those possessed of righta and property in the
island.
The civil and criminal code which prevailed prior to the relinquishment of Span-
ish sovereignty will remain in force, with such modifications and changes as may
from time to time be found necessary in the interest of good government.
The people of Cuba, without regard to previous affiliations, are invited and urged
to cooperate in these objects by the exercise of moderation, conciliation, and good
will one toward another; and a hearty acfeord in our humanitarian purposes will
insure kind and beneficent government.
The military governor of the island will always be pleased to confer with those
who may desire to consult him on matters of public interest.
On January 11 he revised the cabinet, vesting the administration of
the ci\il government in a department of state and government, depart-
ment of finance, department of justice and public Instruction, and
department of agriculture, commerce, industries, and public works.
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GOVERNMENT. 55
Many changes, having in view the better administration of the govern-
ment, were made by General Brooke and his successor, General
Wood, but the scope of this report will not pennit a detailed account
of them. The object has been gradually to confer on the Cubans full
civil rights, together with all the powere of local self-government —
municipal, provincial, and insular — and to do this as mpidly as local
conditions and the serious international obligations to protect life and
property in the island, assumed by the United States under the treaty
of Paris, will permit.
REPRESENTATION OF CUBA IN THE SPANISH CORTES.
By a Yoyu,\ decree of 1810 Cuba was given representation in the
Cortes. Two deputies were sent, one each from Habana and Santiago,
who took part in framing the Spanish constitution of 1812. With
the abrogation of this constitution in 1814 the representation ceased,
but was reestablished in 1820. It ceased again in 1823 and there was
no representation in the Cortes until 1834, when, under a royal statute
of that year, repre^sentatives were again admitted.
By a royal decree of 1837, however, a resolution of the Cortes of
1836 was published, which provided that the provinces in America
and Asia be governed and administered under laws especially adapted
to them and that they cease to be represented in the Cortes.
The electoral laws of 1877-1879 again gave Cuba representation in
the Cortes, in the proportion of 1 deputy for every 50,000 people.
Under the electoral law of 1892 Cuba sent 13 senators and 30 repre-
sentatives to the Spanish Cortes, but, as a majority of the deputies
were Spaniards, the native Cubans felt that they were never fairly
represented.
CUBAN REPUBLICS.
A republic has been twice proclaimed in Cuba by revolutionists,
viz, during the ten years' war and again in 1895, but these govern-
ments proved to be provisional and expired with the revolutions
which produced them.
THE JUDICIARY.
Intimately connected with the government of Cuba was the judi-
ciary, and as no account of administration under Spain would be
complete without some reference to the courts, a brief outline is pre-
sented.
At the date of American occupation the jurisdiction of the Spanish
Government over court officials was exercised through the department
of grace and justice, which, by the military decree of January 11,
1899, became the department of justice and public instruction, and by
a decree of January 1, 1900, the department of justice. The duties
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56 REPORT ON THE OENflUS OF CUBA, ISW.
which devolve on the department of justice are those which usually
pertain to such departments, but in Cuba it has also supervision
over the registers of property and notaries public, to which reference
will be made further on.
The courts of Cuba were essentially insular, the judges being
appointed either directly by the Government or indirectly through
its officials, and were of four classes or kinds, viz, municipal judges,
judges of first instance and instruction, criminal audiencias^ and terri
torial audieneids. The last named were reduc^ to three by a decree
of June 16, 1899, giving all the audiencloH the same civil and criminal
jurisdiction. The municipal judges were distributed to the municipal
districts, one or more in each, and were appointed by the presiding
judges or presidents of the audiencias from among three persons
nominated by the judges of first instance of the judicial districts;
they held office for two years. At the same time a substitute was
appointed, who performed the duties when from sickness or other
cause the regular judge cx>uld not officiate.
The municipal judges receive no salary or allowances and their serv-
ices are requited by fees, paid according to regular schedule.
They had and still have civil jurisdiction over all suits not involving
more than $200, and of suits to effect settlements without trial; they
take cognizance in first instance of cases involving the challenge of
other municipal judges; they appoint the family oouncil for the care
of minors or incapacitated parsons and commence the investigation of
all cases of emergency requiring an immediate decision by a judge of
first instance, when the latter is not available, to whom the record is
sent for a continuance. In criminal cases they have jurisdiction over
all misdemeanors where the penalty imposed does not exceed thirty
days' confinement or a fine of 325 pesetas. They make the prelimi-
nary investigation into all kinds of crimes, if urgent, and the judge of
instruction is not present. The municipal judges also keep the civil
registers of births, deaths, and marriages. £^h municipal court has
a public prosecutor (Jiscal)^ and a substitute prosecutor, who are
appointed by the fiscals of the territorial audiencias'j a secretary
appointed by the judge of first instance and instruction; and a bailiff
or constable. All officials of the court were paid from court fees,
according to schedule.
The judges of first instance and instruction are located at the seat of
the judical districts to which they are appointed, and there are as many
judges as districts (see "Government"). They are appointed by the
Governor-General and when unable to perform their duties are substi-
tuted by one of the municipal judges in the district. They are paid
according to their classification, those in Habana receiving $4,500 per
annum, those in the cities of Puerto Principe and Santiago de Cuba
$2,750, those of Matanzas, Cardenas, Pinar del Rio, Guanajay, Santa
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GOVEBNMENT. 57
Clara, Cienfuegos, and Sagua la Grande, $2,250, and those of Bejucal,
Guanabacoa, Guines, Jaruco, Marianao, San Antonio de los Baflos,
Marin, Alfonso XII, Colon, Guane, San Cristobal, San Juan de los
Remedios, Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad, Baracoa, Bayamo, Guantanamo,
Holguin, and Manzanillo, $1,875 per annum.
The judges of first instance have original civil jurisdiction in all
cases where the amount involved exceeds $200, and appellate jurisdic-
tion from the municipal courts; they decide questions of competency
arising between municipal judges of the same judicial district, take
cognizance, in first instance, when the competency of other judges of
first instance is in question, and of appeals in similar cases of munici-
pal judges; they hear cases in bankruptcy and for the discharge of
such commissions or other duties as may be devolved on them by
superior courts or of courts of the same category of other judicial
districts.
The other officials of a court of first instance are one secretary, four
court or record clerks {eacrihanos)^ one physician, and two bailiffs or
constables. The secretaries are appointed by the judges of first
instance, while the clerks are appointed by the government on the
reconunendation in ternary of the audiencias. The secretaries and
clerks are paid from fees according to a schedule established by the
government and collected from litigants.
Prior to American occupation there were three criminal audiencias
and three territorial avdiendas. The criminal audAencioB were located
in Pinar del Rio, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe, and each was com-
posed of a presiding judge and two associate justices. They were
appointed by the Governor-General and paid as follows: Presiding
judge $4,280 per annum; associates, $3,500. These courts had original
and exclusive jurisdiction over all crimes committed in the island from
chicken stealing to murder, until the establishment by General Wood
■of the special criminal court {Juzgado de Ovardia) of Habana, by a
decree of February 1, 1900, a brief account of which will be given
later. The criminal avdlencias had no civil jurisdiction.
The other officials of the criminal avdiendas were one public prose-
cutor (Jiscal) one deputy prosecutor, one secretary, one assistant secre-
tary, and two clerks.
Territorial avdiendds were established in the provinces of Habana,
Matanzas, and Santiago, and had criminal jurisdiction in the provinces
where located, and civil jurisdiction in the territory assigned them;
thus, the cmdiencia of Habana had criminal jurisdiction in that prov-
ince and civil jurisdiction over Pinar del Rio and Habana; the tenu-
torial audienda of Matanzas had criminal jurisdiction over that
province and civil jurisdiction over Matanzas and Santa Clara; the
territorial audtencia of Santiago had criminal jurisdiction over the
province of Santiago and civil jurisdiction over Santiago and Puerto
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58 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Principe. Thus the territorial audlencias had a criminal chamber and
a civil chamber or nala. The judges were appointed by the Governor-
General in council with the secretaries.' The presiding judges of the
audiencia of Habana received a salary of $5,750; the nine associate
judges $5,000; the other court officials were the same as for the crim-
inal aivdiencias with the addition of an assistant deputy fiscal or public
prosecutor.
By a decree of June 15, 1899, civil and criminal jurisdiction was
conferred on the six midlencias within the provinces where established.
Certain administrative functions and duties were also imposed on them,
and the fees which were formerly paid to the secretaries of audiencias
in stamped paper of the state were also suppressed.
Other court officials under the laws of Spain were the solicitors, who
represented contending parties in civil and criminal causes. Formerly
the office of solicitor was sold as a source of revenue to those who
paid the highest price, the insular government agreeing not to
increase the number of such officials. Their intervention in lawsuits
and practically in all legal proceedings was made obligatory, and the
monopoly of their duties was left to a certain number in each town in
consideration of the price paid for the office. Other officials, although
not judicial, were the notaries, who were authorized to certify to con-
ti'acts and other extra-judicial instruments in accordance with the
notarial law of 1862. Solicitors are now appointed by the secretary
of justice and their employment is no longer compulsory.
While attorney's are not, properly speaking, court officials, they had
this chai*acter in Cuba because the laws made their intervention in a
large majority of cases indispensable as counsel for the parties to civil
and criminal suits. As a result, the qualification of the attorneys are
regulated by the state, the diplomas being issued by the Governor-
General after an examination by boards of the university in the fol-
lowing subjects: Philosophy and law, metaphysics, general and-
Spanish literature, Spanish history, political economy, natural law,
Roman law, canonical law, political law, penal law, civil law, adminis-
trative law, public treasury, history of Spanish law, law of civil and
criminal procedure, and international law, public and private.
In all towns where there is a temtorial midienda there is a college
of lawyers for the equitable distribution of offices, and to preserve
order and discipline among the lawyers of the territory of the audi-
encia.
Other officials connected with the administration of real property
are the registers of property, classified, according to the importance of
the locality in which they reside, as first, second, and third class.
They are appointed by the Government and are required to give bond
for the faithful performance of their dutie>s; they charge the fees pre-
scribed by law. It is the duty of registers to make a record of all
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GOVEENMENT. 59
acts and contracts, mortgages, etc. , transferring, encumbering, or limit-
ing the ownership or administration of real estate or property rights
or contracts; constituting, altering, or dissolving commercial associ-
ations, and transfers of vessels. They can not be removed or trans-
ferred against their will except by judicial decision. They are
entitled to a pension when, on account of their age or physicjil inc4ipac-
ity, they are prevented from performing the duties of their office, and
this pension passes to the widow and children.
Such, in brief, is an outline of the Spanish courts as they were con-
stituted on the Ist of January, 1899; and while the composition of the
courts and the codes of law were no doubt sufficient for the needs of
the island, the judiciary, as the creation of the government and exist-
ing at its pleasure, had but little independence, and the administration
of the coui*ts was characterized by arbitrary arrasts, the incomimmi-
cado^ exorbitant fees to court officials in both civil and criminal trials,
and not infrequently by corrupt and dishonest practices. As a rule,
the judiciary was monopolized by Spaniards, and no Cuban could hope
for appointment to the bench, and a speedy and impartial trial whore
Cubans were concerned was quite unusual. Many of the prisoners,
found in the jails of the island at the time of American occupation had
been in confinement without trial for years, and of those who had l>een
tried only a few were serving sentence, although in some instances
years had elapsed since their appearance in court.
If the impartial and speedy administration of justice is a reliable
indication of good government, then it must be confessed that the
government of Cuba lacked that attribute.
As a result of the withdrawal of Spain from Cuba a supreme court
was established by a decree of General Brooke, April 14, 1899, to hear
cases and appeals which under Spanish i*ule would have been sent to
Spain for decision.
The court has its seat in Habana, and is composed of a president or
chief justice, 6 associate justices, 1 fiscal or prosecuting attorney, 2
assistant fiscah^ 1 secretary, 2 deputy clerks, and other subordinate
officials.
Another court, established by General Ludlow, military governor
of Habana, January 6, 1899, was the police or correctional court of
Habana. In his report to the Military Governor of the island, June
10, explaining his action, General Ludlow writes:
Article 220 of the municipal police laws of Habana provides that the imposition of
fines for violation of city ordinances is within the "exclusive jurisdiction*' of the
city government, the mayor, the assistant mayors, and the deputies and inspectors
of the municipal service.
During the period when the organization of the police and the regulation of the
other city business were in progress, and numerous arrests were made for misde-
meanors, usually of a minor character, drunkenness and the like, largely by Ameri-
cans, soldiers and civilians, I designated an officer of my staff as a supervisor of
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60 KEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
police, giving him certain discretionary authority with refer^ice to the police force
and its methods and the due carrying out of its executive and disciplinary purposes.
Owing to the lack of proper accommodation for transient prisoners, and with the
view to expedite the administration of justice, the supervisor of police held at the
Vivac a trial court for sifting out the police cases and summarily disposing of such
as did not require the action of the municipal judges for criminal offenses.
For this purpose, after hearing the evidence in each case, fines were imposed or
alternatively continuance of detention, at the rate of a day's detention for an unpaid
dollar fine, this procedure being in conformity with the methods of the American
police courts, and practically also with the municipal laws of Habana, though by a
less roundabout and dilatory process.
The procedures have proved to answer their purpose admirably, and are recog-
nized as both advantageous and effective; so much so that it has been uiiged to make
the practice a general and permanent one in the disposition of poli<« cases.
Certain criticisms have come from two sources, viz: Those who for personal
reasons objected to the enforcement of penalties for infractions of municipal laws,
and from certain professional sources which found their fees diminished by the
prompt and equitable disposition of police cases. These contentions, however, repre-
sent personal and pecuniary interests only, and are opposed to the public interests,
which call for prompt action in police cases.
I therefore commend to the consideration of the division commander the drafting
of a decree which shall provide formally for the establishment of police courts in
• Habana or elsewhere, in such numbers and with such stipulations as shall be con-
sidered expedient for the summary and effective disposal of police arrests, substan-
tially as now practiced in the United States.
While the action taken by General Ludlow does not appear to have
received the formal approval of General Brooke, the court Was con-
tinued as organized, and under the administration of Maj. W. L.
Pitcher, Eighth Infantry, who succeeded Major Evans a.s supervisor
of police, has proved of inestimable value in restraining and punishing
the disordorly element in Habana. Recognizing its value, General
Wood, on April 10, formally continued it in a decree of that date, and
gave it jurisdiction over all offenses known as yoZ^a* (light crimes),
and all minor breaches of the peace; the trial and punishment of
authoi's and publishers of all immoral or obscene literature, or false,
malicious, or scandalous statements, whether printed or oral, tending
to injure reputation or the professional, oflScial, or private standing
in the community; the punishments to be imposed not to exceed $30
fine or thirty days in jail, or both, and the court to have authority to
issue warrants, search warrants, and subpoenas; the trials to be oral
and summary.
By a decree of April 14, the organization of the police court was
modified so that all trials except for libel and scandal are conducted by
a single presiding judge designated by the military governor, arid all
other trials, when from the nature of the offense a greater penalty
than $10 fine and ten days' imprisonment should be imposed, are con-
ducted by the full court, consisting of the presiding judge and two
associate judges selected by lot from the municipal judges of Habana.
This system of police courts has been applied recently to the whole
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POPULATION. 61
island, and is said to be a great improvement over the niagistmte's
courts, which have been suppressed in all but the chief towns of muni-
cipal districts. The municipal and police judges are now elected.
In addition to the establishment of these courts, other changes have
been made and more are contemplated, having in view an administra-
tion of the courts more in accordance with American ideas of justice
than those prevailing in Cuba' heretofore. The main difficulty in the
way is the Spanish law of procedure and the entire absence of remedial
writs, which, like the writs of habeas conrm^ certiorari^ etc., are relied
on in this country as a protection to personal liberty and against
various kinds of injustice. These beneficent changes will no doubt
follow if they do not precede the establishment of free government,
toward which steady progress is being made.
Population.
FORM op schedule AND METHOD OF TABULATION.
If the population schedule adopted for the Cuban census be com-
pared with the schedule of the Eleventh Census of the United States,
it will be found that, while in general design they are the same, they
diflFer in respect to the number of inquiries, and that the latter is the
more comprehensive of the two. This is quite natural, and results
from the complex and diverse condition of the population of the United
States, in which a more extensive investigation is necessary to deter-
mine the state of the population than in Cuba, where the industries
of the people are quite limited and a very large majority of the popu-
lation is native.
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62
REPOBT ON THE ClUrSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
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POPULATION.
63
To present the informHtion contained in the schedules in a natisfactory
way, it was decided that complicated tables would be necessary; that
to save time, which was important, the tabulation should be done by
machine, and not by the old hand-tally system.
As the electric tabulating machines, invented by Mr. Herman Hol-
lerith, had been successfully used in tabulating the Eleventh Census
of the United States, and were to be used again in the Twelfth, and as
his system wa^ known to be accurate and expeditious, it was adopted.
The opei*ation is described by Mr. Hollerith as follows:
" The population of ea^jh enumeration district was first established
by a so-called ' rough count;' that is, the number of pereons recorded
on each schedule were counted by two clerks independent of each other,
and where such counts disagreed, a third, or even a fourth, count was
made to determine the correct population of each enumeration district.
""The detailed tables were then prepared by means of the electric tab-
ulating system. For this purpose all the necessary data relating to
each person were expressed by means of holes punched in certain places
in a card by means of the key-board punch.
PaUem
of the card.
12 3
4
X
X
1
2
B
V
0 12 3
s
Cu Cii It Af
5 6 7
8
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J
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M
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H
4 6 10 15
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5 6 7
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1
3
5
18
20 21 25 30
2
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35 40 46 50 56
60 65 70 75 80
1 2 3
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Mx Al OE
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5 6 7
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P K E
''If the record related to a white pei^son, B — standing for bianco
(white) — was punched, while N was punched for a negro, or M for
mixed, Ch for Chinese, etc. For males, V was punched, and H for
females. The age was recorded by punching 0 for less than 1 year, 1,
2, 3, or 4 for the respective years, 5 for the group 5-9, etc. Conjugal
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64 BEPOBT OK THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
condition was recorded in the next field or division of the card. Birth-
place was recorded by punching in another division of the card, Cu
for Cuba, P. R. for Porto Rico, Esp. for Spain, It for Italy, OC for
other countries, etc; Citizenship was similarly recorded. For each
occupation, two holes were punched according to the number assigned
to the given occupation in the corresponding classification of occupa-
tion, NG being punched for those without gainful occupation. Liter-
acy, school attendance, education, and the sanitary condition of the
dwellings, size of families, etc., were similarly recorded by punching
in the respective divisions of the card. •
"At the extreme left a space of four rows of twelve holes was used
to record the province, municipal and enumeration district to which
the card related. This conibination of holes would, of course, be the
same for all the cards of a given district, and was done by means of
the ''gang punch."
''In addition, each card was provided with a double number, one
number indicating the sheet of the particular enumeration district on
which the record of the corresponding person could be found, and the
other indicating the particular line or person to which the card related.
By means of the gang-punched holes and these number's any one of
the million and a half cards corresponding to the population of Cuba
could be identified and the correctness of the punching verified.
'^The punched cards were then passed through the electric tabulating
machines. In this machine a series of electro-magnetically operated
counters are arranged, according to the tables it is desired to com-
pile, in electric connection with a circuit-closing device, the circuits
through which are controlled by the holes in the punched i^ecord card,
which is placed on the bedplate of such circuit-closing device.
"The cards relating to a given enumeration district were fed one by
one into the tabulating machine, which recorded the number of native
white males, foreign white males, colored males, native white females,
the number born in Cuba, in Spain, how many less than 5 years of
age, 5 to 9 years of age, etc. The sum of the details of each group
of facts should equal the total number of cards tabulated, and, of*
course, should be equal to the population of the enumeration district
as established by the rough count, thus providing a third check on the
accuracy of the count.
"At the same time that a card operates the counters it opens one
compartment of the sorting box, into which it is placed when removed
from the circuit-closing device. The object of such sorting is to
ari-ange the cards to facilitate subsequent tabulation by means of
which the more detailed tables were obtained.
" By thus tabulating first one group of data and then another with
intermediate sorting or arranging of the cards the various tables were
obtained."
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ABORIGINAL POPULAIION. 65
The tabulation of the population was commenced February 2 and
completed July 5, an unparalleled record of speedy work. Its celerity
18 fully equaled by its accuracy, as the application of numerous tests
has shown.
ABORIGINAL POPULATION.
The population of Cuba at the date of its discovery has been vari-
ously estimated at between 200,000 and 1,000,000 Indians. The latter
is the estimate of Bishop Las Casas, who visited their villages and was
always their friend and protector.
The natives were found living contentedly under nine independent
chiefs, whose government was of the simplest character, their orders
being received as law. The natives are described by Columbus, Las
Casas, and Peter Martyr as of a gentle and friendly disposition, having
a simple religious belief, and, unlike the natives of some other West
India Islands, not addicted to cannibalism. In physique they wei"e
rather slight, with pleasant faces; they had excellent nets, fishhooks,
and fishing tackle, and lived mainly on fish, Indian com, and fruit
Their huts were well built, and were made of the bark and leaves of
the palm, as those of poor Cubans now are; they were not arranged
in village streets, but scattered about irregularly, very nauch as shown
in the picture of the village of Dimas, Province of Pinar del Rio,
opposite page 68.
They cultivated cotton, Indian cora, the potato, tobacco, the pine-
apple, and manioc, all of which were indigenous, and had a rude potteiy
and some stone weapons, but no domesticated animals except the dog.
Other domestic animals, as also the orange, the lemon, and the sugar
cane, were introduced afterwards by the Spaniards.
The disappearance of the Indians, whatever their number, has been
attributed to the combats and massacres which occurred during the
exploration and pacification of the island by Velasquez, and thereafter
to unaccustomed occupations, privations, disease, executions resulting
from religious fanaticism, and slavery, both foreign and domestic. In
the colonies the latter took the form of repartimientos and encoTnienda^^^
which, commencing with grants of land and the temporary possession
of the Indians for work on the plantations and in the mines, ended
finally in the slavery of the entire native population.
For a full description of Indian slavery under this system, and its
eflfect on the population, the reader is referred to the history of
'A repartimento was a grant of land, which carried with it the right to the labor of
the Indians occupying it or living within a short distance of it, at first for cultivating
the soil. This privilege was subsequently extended so that the Indians could be used
in any kind of labor.
An encontienda was practically a grant of Indians, irrespective of the land. At
first the grant expired with the grantee. It was subsequently extended through two
or three lives, and in effect, became perpetual. As a result the Indians were slaves.
24662 5
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66 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
"Spanish Conquest in America," by Sir Arthur Helps, the '"History
of the Indies," by Las Casas, and to the "Discovery of America," by
Prof. John Fiske. These authorities agree in ascribing the disappear-
ance of the Indians largely to the profligate waste of native life by the
colonists through all forms of wanton cruelty, oppression, and neglect,
and the introduction of negro slavery as the direct consequence of it.
It is due the Spanish Government to record the fact that while at
first authorizing repartimientm^ encomiendas^ and the enslavement of
all Indians who were cannibals or taken in war, it later spared no
efforts to mitigate the horrors of Indian slavery, and finally to pre-
vent and abolish it. These measures were initiated and earnestly sup-
ported by the Dominican and Franciscan monks and by the church in
general. Through the efforts of Bishop Las Casas and other prelates
the laws of Burgos in 1512, and many orders and decrees were pro-
mulgated between the landing of Velasquez and the '" New Laws" of
Charles V, 1542, for the protection of the Indians. The latter pre-
scribed '^ that for no cause whatever, whether of wai*, rebellion, ran-
som, or in any other manner, should any Indian be made a slave."
But however well intended, these measures proved of little avail in
saving the Indians of Cuba, as at that time very few remained. It
was reported to the Queen in 1537 by the contador of the island that
in 20 farms visited by him only 130 Indians were found, including
those which had been imported. In the neighboring island of San
Domingo at the date of its discovery there were, according to Las
Casas, about 3,000,000 Indians; according to the licentiate, Zuazo,
1,130,000. An average of these two estimates is probably more exact
When the treasurer, Pasamonte, came to San Domingo in 1508 there
were 70,000, and when Don Diego Columbus was appointed governor
of San Domingo in 1509, 40,000. According to Sir Arthur Helps the
number of Indians in San Domingo in 1514, as determined by a repar-
tition of the Indians made by Rodrigo Albuquerque, who was sent
there by the King for that purpose, was between thirteen and four-
teen thousand. By this repartition the Indians were practically
enslaved for life, as they were given for the life of the person to
whom Albuquerque made the repa/rtimiento^ and for the life of his
next heir, whether son or daughter. After this there were numbers
of repartitions or divisions of Indians among the Spaniards, resulting
in their rapid diminution, owing to changes of climate, changes of
occupation, and of masters, and the indifference of the latter to the
welfare of the Indians.
The difficulty about the enforcement of the laws and royal instruc-
tions and orders for the freedom and protection of the Indians appears
to have l>een their vague or ambiguous meaning, which enabled
unprincipled and rapacious officials to construe them as they wished,
and the fact that the Crown and nearly all the officials of the govern
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OOLOBJED POPUI.ATION. 67
ment, colomsl and peninsular, held repartimientoa or encomiendan of
Indians or held them for personal services. The new laws had in
view the prevention of Indian slavery, but they were partially revoked
in 1545, and ericomiendm were continued in the islands until the
Indians had disappeared, and on the Sx)8Bish msin until the reign of
Charles III, when the system was abolished, 1759^-1788*
Under the royal decree of 1854 promulgating regulations for the
importation of "colonists" into Cuba, a number of native Yucatan
Indians were brought to Cuba, and some of them no doubt married
Cuban women. At all events, one Indian woman is reported by the
enumerator of the Zapata Swamp as living with a colored Cuban.
There are doubtless remnants of these Indians stiil in Cuba, but of
the native Cuban Indians no traces have been found in the course of
this census, and it is not probable that any exist.
BLACK POPULATION.
The importation of negro slaves into the West Indies commenced
some years before the extinction of the Indians and was stimulated by it.
In a letter of instructions from the King to Ovando, Governor of Santo
Domingo, in 1501, Jews, Moors, and new converts were prohibited
from going to the Indies; but an exception was made in the case of
negro slaves, who were allowed to pass, the officers of the royal reve-
nue to receive the money paid for their permits.
Again, in 1505, in a letter to Ovando, King Ferdinand wrote: ''I
will send more negra slaves, as you request. I think there may be
100 at each time." The Spaniards were familiar with negro slavery,
the slave trade having been carried on by Portugal since 1442. They
had discovered the capacity of the negro for work, his patience and
endurance, and his superiority to the West Indian as a laborer in the
mines and fields.
The first license to import negroes into the West Indies was gi\'^n
by Charles V in 1517 to Governor de Bresa, grand master of the King's
household, for the importation of 8,000 slaves in eight years, 1,000 to
go to Cuba. A second monopoly on the same terms and for the same
number was given him in 1523, but this grant was revoked and a license
given to import 750 men and 750 women, 300 to ga to Cuba. In 1527
1,000 negroes were imported into Cuba, and again in 1528 a license was
given to import 4,000 negroes into the Indies.
In 1536 a monopoly was granted to import into the Indies 4,000
mates and 1,000 females, and again in 1542 one for 23,000, a portion
of each to go to Cuba, Jamaica, and Santo Domingo. The annual
importation into Santo Domingo under license was about 2,000, and the
same number were smuggled. It was estimated by one of the King's
chaplains, who traversed the island of Santo Domingo in 1542, that there
were 30,000 negro slaves in the island. As up to the year 1763 the
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B8 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 181)9.
people wei'e eiigagod almoHt exclusively in cattle raising, very few
slaves were imported prior to that date, at which time it is said there
were not more than 32,000 slaves in the island.
The number of slaves imported between 1521 and 1763 is estimated
by Humboldt at 60,000, and by 1790 at 90,876. From 1790 to 1820
the importation of slaves into Habana, as shown by the returns of the
custom-house, was 225,575, to which should be added one-fourth for
those smuggled, making the total importation from 1521 to 1820,
372,449. Between this date and 1853 it is estimated that there were
271,659 importations, lawful and contraband, a total of 644,108, about
one-thii"d being females.
From 1853 to 1880, when the slave trade was finally suppressed, over
200,000 slaves were smuggled into the island, making a grand total of
between 95(K0(X) and 1,000,000.
It is not proposed to give a detailed account of the Cuban slave trade
or of negro slavery in the island. While it was fraught with all the
horrors of this nefarious business elsewhere, the laws for the protec-
tion of slaves were unusually humane. Almost fix)m the beginning
slaves had a right to purchase their freedom or change their masters,
and long before slavery was abolished the}'^ could own property and
contract marriage. As a result the proportion of free colored to slaves
has always been large. Of the eflForts to abolish the slave trade in
Cuba much might be written; it is sufficient for this report to state
the principal facts.
By the treaty of Vienna, 1815, to which Spain was a party, slavery
was abolished. By a treaty with England signed September 24, 1817,
Spain agreed to stop the slave trade May 30, 1820, in consideration of
the sum of £400,000. Again, on June 28, 1835, another treaty was
made with England abolishing the slave trade. In addition to these
treaties the Spanish Government promulgated several decrees and laws
after 1835 for the suppression of the slave trade and the abolition of
slavery. Despite these measures, however, and the active cooperation
of the native Cubans, who were zealously opposed to the slave trade,
and the repeated protests of the British Government, it continued to
1880 with but little interruption. The correspondence between Eng-
land and Spain fully explains the failure of Spain to enforce her laws
and treaty engagements.
Under what is now known as the Moret law, enacted by the Spanish
Cortes July 4, 1870, the gradual abolition of slavery was commenced.
The civil war in the United States and the Cuban insurrection of
1868-78 hastened it, as did the law of February 13, 1880, which abol-
ished slavery. Nevertheless, it continued in remote j^arts of the island
for several years thereafter, although generally abolished by the year
1887.
Further on in this report the number and literacy, age, sex, and
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CHINESE. 69
occupation of the colored population and the provinces in which they
are most numerous are stated. Their condition for many yeai-s has
been far l>etter than the colored population of our Southern States or
of any of the West India Islands under foreign control, and their per-
sonal privileges much greater. No hard and fast "color line" has
separated the colored and white Cuban population, although outside
of the Cuban army there has not been much of what may be called
social intercourse; but in respect to all public benefits, whether eccle-
siastical, civil, or military, they have had about the same consideration
from the Spanish Government as the white. Cubans.
No doubt the free association of colored and white Cubans resulted
largely from the couunon struggle in which they were engaged against
Spain, and the fact that the laws made no discrimination between
them. Colored men made up a large proportion of the Cuban army
of 1895-98, some of them, like Antonio Maceo, holding high rank.
While the statistics of Cuba show a larger proportion of colored
than white criminals, the colored population are in some respects
superior to the colored population of our Southern States, being more
self-reliant, temperate, frugal, and intelligent, and since the abolition
of slavery showing a strong desire to own their homes, to educate their
children, and to improve their condition. In certain kinds of agricul-
ture they are preferred to any other race, and in every discussion of
the labor question in Cuba they must be seriously considered.
CHINESE.
While the number of Chinese in the island is now insignificant and
they have ceased to attract much attention as a separate race, a short
account of their appearance, increase, and disappearance may be not
without interest.
When the law of 1845 suppressing the slave trade was promulgated,
the ^^ Junta de Fomento^^'^ or official board of agriculture in Habana,
decided to send an agent to China to contract for Chinese "colonists"
(coolies). The first shipload of male Chinese arrived in 1847, under
contract. This contract bound the Chinese to service for a temi of
eight years. In consideration they were to receive from 20 to 30
cents j9^ diem^ \\ pounds of salted or jerked l^eef, and \\ pounds of
potatoes or other farinaceous food, and two cotton suits annually.
Each was to be furnished with a blanket and medical attendance.
For several years the trade in Chinese languished; 28 per cent of
the first cargo died from the effects of the voyage, change of climate,
food, and excessive labor, and some committed suicide in the belief
that after death they would be miraculously returned to their homes
in China. The experiment of Chinese immigration had apparently
failed, but in 1853 it was revived by the importation of 5,150 Chinese,
of whom 843, or 19 per c«nt, died eii route.
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70 REPORT ON THE 0KN8UB OF CUBA, 1899.
On Mwch ii2, 1854, a ix)yal decree was issued promulgating regula-
tions for the impoHation and management of "colonists'' from Spain,
China, and Yucatan. But as pointed out by Lord Howden, English
minister to Spain, in a letter of October 6, 1854, to Seflor Peeheco,
Spanish minister of foreign aflfairs, contracts under this decree meant
slavery for the Chinese as the period of service was not mentioned.
On June 6, 1860, another myal decree regulating the importation of
Chinese was promulgated, and while it was evidently designed to pro-
tect the Chinese against personal abuse, privation, or cruelty. Para-
graph VII made them apprentices, or what was the sanoe thing, slaves,
as long as they remained in the island unless they were able to ransom
tbemselvei^, and this, under the conditions imposed, was pi'actically
impossible.
On October 10, 1864, a treaty between Chitia and Spain regulatinff
emigration l)etween the two countries, as well as the reciprocal employ-
ment of the subjects of one state by those of another was signed at
Tientsin. Articles IV and X of this treaty permitted Chinese witli
their families to embark from any open port of China, whei^eas, prior
to this time embarkation was restricted to the port of Macao. AH
Chinese were landed in Habana.
The conti'acts to be made under this treaty wei'e to include the
following items:
1. The age, sex, and place of birth of the colonist.
2. The time for which the contract is to be in force.
3. The wages, kind, quantity and quality of food and clothing he is to receive.
4. The obligation to afford him medical attendance during illneae.
5. Whether the wages were to be stopped during the illness of the colonist from
any clause not connected with his work, or independent of the will of the master.
6. The hours of work and whether the master can increase them if a proportionate
reduction were to be made on other days.
7. The obligation of the colonist to indemnify the master for hours of labor lost to
him by the fault of the colonist
8. The obligation of the same colonist to subject himsdf to the discipline of the
estate, workshop, or establishment in which he might labor.
9. A clause in these terms, "I, A. B., assent to the rate of wages above stipulated,
although I know that the free laborers and slaves of the island get much greater,
because 1 consider this difference to be compensated by the other advantages which
my master has to afford me as stated in this contract"
10. The signature of the colonist, if he can write, and that of the contractor.
The treaty contained many other provisions, and among them the
right of the colonist to purchase his discharge, or, in short, to ransom
himself. Of course it was not contemplated that undei* this treaty
Chinese contractoi-s would import Cubans into China, and therefore
die terms of the contract were all in favor of the master as against
the apprentice. For example, the terms specifying the houi"s of labor,
etc., placed the latter absolutely in the power of the contractor, who, as
he kept the records, could easily bring the Chinaman so irretrievably
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CHINESE. 71
into his debt for time lost that his freedom by purchase, or even after
the expiration of the original term, was improbable if not impossible.
As many of the Chinese had become fugitives, instmctions for a
general enrollment of Chinese were issued December 31, 1868, and
again December 13, 1871. By a royal decree of 1870 Chinese who
had been discharged after fulfilling the terms of their conti*act were
permitted to remain in the ialaod, whereas prior to this they were
obliged to leave or be reindentured.
Between 1853 and 1873 there were shipped from China to Cuba
132,435 Chinese, of whom 3,973 — 13 pei* cent — died en route or shortly
after their arrival. These losses, the large number of fugitives, the
willingness of free negroes to work, the inunigration of other coolies,
the continuation of the slave trade, which appeared to tkrive notwith-
standing the attempts to stop it, seem to have put a stop to the impor-
tation of Chinese, which cetfsed in 1873.
By a convention between China and Spain, signed at Pekln Novem-
ber 17, 1877, the emigration of Chinese subjects under contract as
authorized in Article X of the treaty of 1864 was discontinued, and
the emigration of Chinese into Cuba or elsewhere was declared free,
Chinese subjects in Cuba to be treated as the subjects of the most
favored nation, thus permitting them to leave the island unless under
judicial supervision. It was also agreed on the part of Spain to expa-
triate at its own expense all Chinese who formerly had literary occu-
pation or an official position in China, and their families, also old men
unable to work, and Chinese orphan girls.
Owing to the large percentage of criminals among the Chinese, a
decree was issued October 15, 1878, by the captain-geneml requiring
all Chinese whose contracts had been terminated to either recontract
or leave the island within two months.
By the census of 1861 the number of Chinese is stated to be 34,834,
of whom 57 were women. On December 31, 1877 there were 43,811,
Whether this is the maximum number of Chinese in the island at any
one period can not be determined.
Their gi*adual disappeamnce has been attributed to many causes,
among them the suppression of negro slavery, the large number of
free black and colored Cubans willing to work, and their superiority
as laborei's over the Chinese, the low wages paid them, the excessive
labor imposed on them, and the frequent insurrections which disturbed
the island. Be this as it may, Chinese inunigration had pmctically
ceased in 1873, and the few who now remain in the island ai'e mainly
ok! men, employed as truck gaitieners, laundi-ymen, or day laborers.
The small number of women as compared with the number of men
resulted probably from restrictions, which in the beginning not only
prevented women from leaving China, but from landing in Cuba.
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72
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Discussion of the Population.
THE total population.
The total population of Cuba, including the Isle of Pines and the
neighboring keys, was, on October 16, 1899, 1,572,797.*
The latest prior census was taken under Spanish authority in 1887.
The total population as returned by that census was 1,631,687.
Whether that census was correct may be a matter of discussion, but if
incorrect, the number of inhabitants was certainly not overstated.
Comparing the total population of these two censuses, it is seen that
the loss in the twelve years intervening amounted to 58,895, or 3.6 per
cent of the population in 1887. This loss is attributable to the recent
civil war and the reconcentration policy accompanying it, but the fig-
ures express only a part of the loss from this cause. Judging from
the earlier history of the island and the excess of births over deaths,
as shown by the registration records, however imperfect they may be,
the population probably increased from 1887 up to the beginning of
the war, and at the latter epoch reached a total of little less than
1,800,000. It is probable, therefore, that the direct and indirect
losses bv the war and the reconcentration policy, including a decrease
of births and of immigration and an increase of deaths and of emigm-
tion, reached a total not far from 200^000.
The earliest census of Cuba of which there is record was taken in
1774. Others were taken in 1792, 1817, 1827, 1841, 1861, 1877, and
1887. The following table shows the population at each of these suc-
cessive censuses, with the absolute increase in intervening periods and
the average rate of increase per decade:
Year.
Popula-
tion.
Increase.
Rate of
increase
per
decade.
Year.
Popula-
tion.
Increase.
Rate of
increase
per
decade.
1776
171,620
272,800
672.363
704,486
1841
1,007.624
1.396,630
1,509,291
1,631,687
803.138
888,906
112.761
122,396
29
1792
100,680
800.063
182, 128
si
84
23
1861
18
1817
1877
5
1827
1887
8
It will be seen that the increase between 1774 and 1792 was at the
average rate of 31 per cent per decade; from 1792 to 1817, twenty -five
years, the rate of increase was 34 per cent per decade; in the ten years
' All Htatemente of population presented in this volume refer to the organization of
the island as it existed at the date of the census, October 16, 1899. Many changes
have been made since that date in the number and limits of municipal districts, but
it would be obviously impossible to modify the census figures to accord with these
changes. Such modifications might be made in the total population, but it woiild be
impossible to carry them through the classifications of the population by sex, age,
race, conjugal condition, nativity, etc, since the changes have been made, as a
rule, by using the ward as a unit, while the clarifications of the population have not
been made in terms of this small unit.
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DENSITY OF POPULATION. 73
between 1817 and 1827 it was 23 per cent, and in tlie fourteen years
between 1827 and 1841 it was 29 per cent. Then from 1841 to 1861
the rate of increase stood at 18 per cent per decade, and between 1861
and 1887 it dropped to 5 and 8 per cent. The small rate of increase
in the period last mentioned was doubtless due in great part to the
ten years' war which occurred within this period.
The rate of increase between 1774 and 1841 compares quite favor-
ably with the rates of increase in the United States, which prior to
1870 ranged from 32 to 35 per cent per decade. Such rates of increase
are very large and are commonly found only in regions which are
sparsely populated, where the population is under little or no pressure
for obtaining means of livelihood. The rapid and great diminution in
the rate of increase after 1861 is, however, by no means accounted for
by the increase in density of population, and the reasons therefor must
be sought for among the extraordinary causes, such as pestilence,
war, etc.
The distribution of these losses in population between 1887 and 1899
is also brought out by the following statements: In the province of
Habana there was a loss in 28 districts and a gain in but 8; in Matan-
zas a loss in 20 and a gain in 3; in Pinar del Rio 17 districts lost popu-
lation and but 3 gained; in Santa Clara the numbers which lost and
gained were equal, while in Puerto Principe and Santiago there was a
gain in every district.
Sununing up the districts of the island, 79 lost population, while
only 47 gained, the remaining 6 districts being new ones, formed since
1887, and here included in those from which they were formed. These
facts are set forth in detail in Table III.
The map opposite page 72 shows the increase and decrease of the
population of Cuba by municipal districts, the areas colored red being
those in which the population has suffered a loss since the Spanish
census of 1887, and those colored blue where it has made a gain.
It is seen that the losses are confined to the four western provinces,
the districts of the two eastern provinces having without exception
gained in population. The districts in the four western provinces
which have gained are of two classes: First, those in which the recon-
centrados were collected; and, second, those remote districts from
which there was little or no reconcentration, and into which presum-
ably the people fled for refuge. This is the case with the districts in
the western part of Pinar del Rio and along the south shore, including
the great Zapata Swamp. The north shore of Santa Clara, too, is in
the main a region in which the population has increased.
DENSITY OF POPULATION.
The area of Cuba is and can be known only approximately because
its limits have never been mapped with any approach to accuracy.
Measurements based upon different maps show wide variations in the
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74 BEPOKT UK THE OKKSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
area of the Island and its proyinoes. To illustrate the differences in
published areas of the island the following are given:
SqnAie miles.
Johnson's Encyclopedia 43, 220
Lippincott*8 Gazetteer 43, 319
Oiambera's Encyclopedia 40, 000
Appleton's Encyclopedia 43, 319
Reclua , 45,883
Cuba, Past and Present 35,000
Cuba, by Wm. J. Clark 43, 500 to 47, 000
Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel 43, 000
Our Island Empire, Morris 48, 447
The Island of Cuba, Bowan A Ramsay 45,000
Industrial Cuba, Porter 47,338
Measurements made in this office from different maps show similar
differences. Measurements made from Chart E, United States Coast
and Geodetic Survey, give for Cuba and the Isle of Pines 40,575
square miles; the chart published by the Hydrographic Office in 1896
gives 45,883 square miles; the map of the Information Division of the
War Department, scale, 1 : 500,000, gives 44,000 square miles. Assum-
ing this to be as good a map as we have, whei*e all are poor, the areas
of the provinces, of the municipal districts, and of many of the barrios
or wards have been measured upon it, the lines of the districts and
wards having been laid down by the supervisors of census. The
areas of the provinces are as follows, with the total population and
the number of inhabitants per square mile:
1
Province.
Area.
Inhabitants
per square
mile.
Hi-bftna ••tt.** •........•tt.^t*.. «*#*.**.-.,..
Sq. miU9.
2,772
8,700
6.000
10,500
0.560
12.468
153
55
85
8
37
26
Matanzas
PinardelRlo
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
BantiaiTO r . .
Habana, with the densest population, is as thickly inhabited as the
State of Connecticut, and Puerto Principe, the most sparsely popu-
lated, is in this respect comparable with the State of Texas.
The great difference in density of population in the different prov-
inces is in part due to the presence of large cities, especially in the
case of Habana. Still, after excluding the cities of 8,000 inhabitants
or more, notable differences are seen to exist, as shown below:
Rural inhabitants to a square mUe,
Habana 65. 3 I Puerto Principe 6. 0
Matanzas 39.0 | Santa Clara 28.6
PinardelRio 32.8 | Santiago 21.7
Puerto Principe, with but 6 rural inhabitants to a square mile, is a
pastoral province.
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DENSITY OF POPULATION.
75
The nmp on page 74 shows the density of the rural population,
grouped in certain ^rade^, which are expressed by color distinctions.
I^ method of preparation of this map was as follows: The Area of the
municipal districts^ and of the wards in cases where the districts are
lai'ge, were measured by planimeter on the map of the War Depart-
ment, as was stated above.
The population of all cities of ^,000 inhabitants and more was sub-
tracted from that of the districts or wards, the remainder being
r^gai'ded for this pui*pose as rural population. This inu*al population
was then divided by the area and the results platted on the map. In
sketching the lines sepaititing bodies of population of different density
regard was had to geographic considerations affecting the distribution
of population within the districts, such as the existence of swamps,
mountain ranges, etc. Hence the lines separating bodies of popula-
tion of different degrees of density are not exactly those which would
be indicated by the figures.
The salient features of the map ai*e as follows:
The presence of several small bodies of very dense population, 90 or
moi'e to a square mile in Habana and Matanzas provinces, and one
small area of similar density in the western part of Pinar del Bio; a
dense population generally throughout Habana and Matanzas provinces,
becoming less dense to the east in Santa Clara, and to the west in
Pinar del Bio. Toward the westea*n part of Pinar del Bio the density
increases rand then diminishes again near the west end of the island*
The eastern part of Santa Clara is not heavily populated, while in
Puerto Principe the population is sparse. The density increases ^gain
in Santiago but not uniformly. Indeed, the population in Santiago
province is distributed with the greatest irregularity. The keys bor-
dering the north coast and the marshes on the south coast, the Sierra
Maestra, and most of the Isle of Pines are very sparsely populated.
The density of population of municipal districts with their areas is
presented in Table V.
The following table pi'esents (1) the distribution of the rural popula-
tion, in areas of differing density, corresponding with iho&e repre-
sented on the map; (2) the percentage of the rural population in each
of these areas; (3) the number of square miles of each such area; and
(4) the percentage which each area bears to the area of Cuba:
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76
REPORT ON THE CEJCSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
URBAN POPULATION.
In connection with the population of cities, it must be understood
that the cities of Cuba have no corporate limits separating sharply
the urban element from the surrounding rural population. The cities,
like the iiiral districts, are divided into wards, and many of these
wards extend from the borders of the cities out into country dbtricts,
much as do New England towns, and thus include both urban and rural
population. On this account it is impossible to state the population
of cities with exactness, although it is believed that the best separation
possible has been made.
The population of cities by the census of 1899 can not be compared
with that given by the census of 1887, because the figures of the latter
embrace the entire municipal district, including the city, which in
most cases adds to it a large population.
Table IV shows the population of all cities of 1,000 inhabitants or
more which can be given separately. The number altogether is 96,
of which 16 have a population in excess of 8,000, 5 in excess of 25,000,
and 1 (Habana) a population of 235,981.
The urban population of Cuba, including all cities down 'to 1,000
inhabitants, numbers 741,273, or 47.1 per cent of the entire popula-
tion. Including in the urban population only the inhabitants of cities
of 8,000 or more, as is done in the United States census, the number
of the urban element is 507,831, and the proportion to the total popula-
tion is 32.3 per cent. The corresponding figures in the United States
in 1890 were 29.2 per cent.
The number of urban inhabitants in each province, under each of
the two definitions of urban population used, with the percentages
of the total population, are given in the following table:
Province.
Habamt
Matanzaa
PiuardelRio...
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Bantia^
Urban
Urban
population
hi citiee of
Percent-
population
In cities of
Percent-
1,000 or
al.
8,000 or
age.
more.
more.
828,947
77.4
277,686
65.4
103,578
61.2
66,314
28.8
22,337
12.9
8,880
6.1
86,543
40.1
26,102
28.4
141,131
39.6
80,345
22.5
108,747
33.2
67,664
17.5
A striking feature in the distribution of Cuban cities is the fact that
the great majority of them are situated on the seacoast, comparatively
few and small cities being in the interior. Of the 16 cities of the
island which have a population of 8,000 or more no fewer than 10
are upon the seacoast. The above peculiarity of distribution is still
more marked when we consider the population, since the 10 cities upon
the seacoast contain no fewer than 431,063 inhabitants, while the 6
interior cities contain only 76,768 people.
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CENTER OF POPULATION. 77
The map opposite page 76 shows the distribution of the cities of
the island, the size of the colored circles surrounding each city repre-
senting, rudely, its population. In the case of Habana the circle is
necessarily so large as to include numerous other cities, and it is,
therefore, represented in shading instead of in solid color, in order to
let the others appear.
The great preponderance of Habana over all the other cities of the
island is forcibly illustrated; also the location of the larger cities at
or close to the seacoast, the only large cities in the interior being
Puerto Principe, Sancti Spiritus, and Santa Clara. In the interior are
numerous small cities, which are abundant in the provinces of Habana,
Matanzas, and the central part of Santa Clara. Pinar del Rio and
Puerto Principe are almost without cities of magnitude, and in Santi-
ago they are few in number and are widely scattered.
CENTER OF POPULATION.
The center of population is the center of gravity of the people,
assuming each individual to have the same weight and to press down-
ward with a force propoi*tional to his distance from this center.
Suppose Cuba to be a plane surface, without weight, and to be
loaded with its population, distributed as at the time of the census,
then the island would be equally balanced about this center.
The method of computing the center of population is as follows:
The position of the center of population of each municipal district was
first estimated. Where the district was a small one and uniformly
populated it was at its center of area. In case the district was large,
or the population was distributed unequally over it, the location of
its population center was estimated after an examination of the distri-
bution of population over the district, as shown by the figures for the
wards. Thus, in the case of Habana and Matanzas, and of the large
municipal districts composing the province of Puerto Principe, the
center of population was not at its center of area, and such an examina-
tion was made, as also in most of the districts of Santiago and certain
of those of Santa Clara.
The positions of the centers of the districts having been thus esti-
mated, a point was assumed as a tentative center of population of each
province, lines were drawn through it east and west, north and south,
and the distances of each of these centers from this assumed point,
expressed in tenns of latitude and departure, were measured, using
the large War Department map of the island. The population of each
district was then multiplied by its distance in latitude, whether north
or south, and in departure, whether east or west, from the assumed
center, and the sum of the products in each of the four directions
obtained. The difference between the sum of the products north and
south of the assumed position divided by the population of the prov-
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78
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF OUBA, 1899.
ince gave a eorrection in latitude to the assumed positiou. Similarrly,
the products of the population ol the districts by the departures were
summed up east and west of the assumed center, and the difference
between them divided by the total population of the province gik¥e a
correction in departure to the assumed center.
In this manner the centers of population in 189^ and in 1887 were
obtained for each of the 6 provinces.
The cefiiers of area of each of the 6 provinces wei^e obtained by
a similar process^ using, however, square miles of area instead of
numbers of inhabitants.
The center of population of die island was determined by a similar
use of the centers of population of the provinces. For this purpose
the position of the city of Santa Clara was assumed as a tentetive
center of population of the island, and the differences of latitude and
of departure of the computed center of population of each of the
provinces from this assumed point, Santa Clara, were measured, were
multiplied by the population of the provinces, the products added,, and
the differences between the sum of tibe north and of the south products
obtained and divided by the total population of the island, giving a
correction in latitude to the assumed position. The correction in
departure was obtained in a similar manner.
Thus the center of population was obtained for the census of 1899
and of 1887, together with the center of area of the island.
The following are the results:
Pinar dd Rio^
LatitDde.
LongiCDde.
Center of popalation:
18W..;
o /
22 U
22 35
22 29*
o /
83 29
83 23
88 36
1887
Center of area
The center of population in 1899^ was 15 miles northeast of the city
of Pinar del Rio. It had moved from its position in 1887 1 mile
south and 6 miles west, owing to the partial depopulation of the east-
em part of the province by the civil war. The center of area is
located about 7 mfles northeast of the city of Ptnar del RSo, and there-
fore about 8 miles southwest of the center of population in 1899.
Habana, I
Latitude.
Longitude.
Center of population:
1899
o /
23 02
23 00
22 33
O '
82 21
82 18
82 22
1887
Center of area
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OENTBB OF POPULATION.
79
The center of population in 1899 was 7 miles south of the city of
Habana, not far from the north coast and some distance north of the
center of area of the province. It is drawn into this eccentric posi-
tion by the weight of the great city of Habana, in which are more
than half of the inhabitants of the province. In 1887 Ae center of
population was 2 miles south and 3 miles east of its position in 1899.
The center of area of this province is in Caribbean Sea, being drawn
to this position by the Isle of Pines, which forms part of the province,
McUamas.
Latitude.
Longitude.
0 /
81 21
81 22
81 12
Center of population:
1899
o /
22 60
22 60
22 44
1887
Center of area
The center of population in 1899 was 19 miles southeast of the city
of Matanzas and 14 miles northwest of the center of area, being to
this extent eccentric in position. The center of population in 1887
was in the same latitude as in 1899 and 1 mile farther west.
Santa Clara.
TAtitude.
Longitude.
Center of population:
1899.. .V.\
o /
22 23
22 28
22 19
o /
80 02
80 02
80 00
1887
Center of area
The center of population in 1899 was 5 miles southwest of the city
of Santa Clara and identical with its position in 1887, indicating that
whatever had been the movements of population in the intervening
years they had balanced one another. The center of area was 5 miles
nearly southeast of the center of population.
Puerto Principe,
Latitude.
1
Longitude.
o /
78 02
78 04
78 07
Center of population:
1899
o /
21 29
21 81
21 82
1887
Center of area
The center of population in 1899 was 10 miles northwest of the city
of Puerto Principe, and it had since 1887 moved 3 miles in a south-
easterly direction. The center of area was but 8 miles distant in a
northwesterly direction from this center of population.
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80
BEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 189"
SatiHago.
».
Latitude.
o /
20 21
20 20
20 22
Longitude.
Center of population :
1899
o /
76 08
75 54
75 54
1887
Center of area
The center of population was, in 1899, 29 miles northwest of the
city of Santiago, having moved in the preceding twelve years 9 miles in
a direction nearly west. The center of area was in nearly the same
latitude, but 9 miles nearly east of this center of population.
Cuba,
Center of population:
1899
1887
Center of area
Latitude.
22 15
22 24
21 51
Longitude.
80 23
80 41
79 18
The center of population in 1899 was in Santa Clara province, 30
miles southwest of the city of Santa Clara and 8 miles northeast of
Cienf uegos. In 1887 it was 24 miles northwest of its position in 1899,
showing a net movement of the population in the twelve intervening
years toward the southeast, represented by this 24 miles of movement
The center of area is 10 miles east-southeast of the city of Sancti
Spiritus, at a distance of 76 miles east-southeast of the center of
population in 1899 and 100 miles from the center in 1887.
DISTRIBUTION IN ALTITUDB.
By the aid of a sketch map prepared by Mr. Robert T. Hill it has
been made possible to distribute the population in elevation above sea
level, with the following results:
Altitude.
Population.
Percentage.
Feet.
- 100
100-1,000
+1,000
597,000
827,000
134,000
38.8
53.1
8.6
SEX.
(See Table VI.)
Cuba had 57,613 more males than females, an excess equal to 3.6 per
cent of the population. In this respect it agrees with nearly all coun-
tries which are receiving many immigrants, for immigrants to new
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SEX.
81
countries or to countries of little industrial development are predomi-
oaotly men. This excess of males in Cuba, therefore, which distin-
guishes it from neighboring West Indian islands like Jamaica, Porto
Kieo, and the Bahamas, is evidence that, as with the United States,
immigration has been a large factor and emigration a small factor in
the growth of its population.
The following table shows the total population and total males,
together with the facts, by race, for the censuses selected as most
trustworthy. Where the information has not been found the space
has been left blank.
Table showing population and number of males at successive censuses.
Date of census.
1775.
17W.
1817.
1H27.
IMl.
1H61.
1K77.
1S87.,
1«99.,
Total.
Population. Males.
20
00
165,234
63
86
403,906
24
684,097
30
800,636
91
846,696
76
866,407
97
816,206
White.
Population. Males.
96,440
163,660
267,380
311,061
418,291
793,484
1,023,394
1,102,889
1,067,364
66,476
82,299
168,663
227,144
468,107
698,396
607,187
677,807
Colored.
Population. Males.
76,180
118,741
814,983
398,436
589,333
603, (M6
485,897
628,798
606,443
?2,936
236,262
356,963
332,628
247,200
276,413
237,898
In the foregoing table the Chinese, in confonnity with the pi*actice
of Spanish censuses, have been grouped with the whites. Where pos-
sible the dejure population has been given. Hence in 1887 the details
by race being given only for the de facto population, do not sum to
the dejure population given in the total column. From the preceding
table the following table of percentages has been derived:
Year.
Per cent of males in-
Total
population.
White
population.
Colored
population.
1775 ,
67.6
63.6
54.2
64.3
59.0
58.5
56.1
54.1
1792
57.0
67.3
68.0
57.3
66.0
63.9
51.8
61.4
69.8
60.6
66.1
60.9
52.1
47.0
1827
1841
1861
1877
1887
1899
The proportion of males in Cuba apparently reached its maximum
about the middle of the century, when it was nearly the same as that
of the Pacific coast States in 1890 (Washington, 62.3 per cent; Ore-
gon, 68 per cent; California, 58 per cent). Since then it has gradu-
ally decreased until the proportional excess of males was in 1899 about
the same as in several States bordering on the Upper Mississippi
River (Wisconsin, 51.9 per cent; Iowa, 52 per cent; Illinois, 51.6 per
cent). Among the whites the proportion of males reached its maxi-
24662 6
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82
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA,
mum somewhat later, perhaps owing in part to the immigration of
many thousand Chinese males in the years preceding the census of
1861. Yet, even if these be excluded, the per cent of males among the
true whites or Caucasians of Cuba in 1861 was 67.1, or higher than it
had been since the first census of the island.
While the slave trade was thriving the excess of males was much
greater among the colored than among the whites. This suggests that
the supply of colored labor was maintained primarily by importation
rather than by rearing slave children. But since 1841 the excess of
colored males has steadily decreased, and before the last census was
taken it had disappeared. The increase between 1877 and 1887 sug-
gests the possibility that the Chinese, who were not separately returned
in the census of 1887, may have been included at that time with the
colored. But such an interpretation is doubtful. On comparing the
results of the present census with those of the Spanish census of 1887
the excess of males is seen to have decreased rapidly in twelve years.
In 1887 the excess of males in the de jure population was 123,739,
while in 1899 it was less than half that amount. During the twelve
years the number of males and of females apparently changed in oppo-
site directions, that of the females having increased by nearly 15,000
(14,924), and that of the males having decreased by over 50,000 (51,202).
Thus the females increased 2 per cent and the males decreased nearly
6 per cent in twelve years.
The excess of males in 1899 was distributed through the provinces'
as follows:
Province.
Total popu-
lation.
Absolute
excess of
males.
Per cent
that excess
makes of
toUl popu-
lation.
Santa Clara
PinardelRio
Habana (excluding city)
Habanacity
Matanzas
Puerto Principe
Santiago
Cuba
856.636
173,064
188,823
235,981
202,444
88,234
827,716
1,672,797
21,578
10,312
8,641
10,536
6,006
1,664
—26
67,613
6.1
6.0
4.6
4.6
2.6
1.8
S.6
From this table it appears that in the eastern provinces — Puerto
Principe and Santiago — ^the two sexes were almost equal in numbers,
and that the excess of males was in the western half of the island,
where immigration has been most influential.
The main point at which immigrants into Cuba disembark is
Habana. Hence one would expect to find a large preponderance of
' As the statistics of a great city like Habana differ widely from thoee of a more
scattered population, the province of Habana will often be divided into two parts,
the city and the rest of the province.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
TOTAL POPULATION
CLASSIFIED BY SEX, RACE, AND NATIVITY
HABANA MATANZAS
PUERTO PRINCIPE
SANTA CLARA
SANTIAGO
NATIVE WHITE, MALE
FEMALE
FOREIGN WHITE, MALE
FEMALE
Hm NEQRO, MALE
\ I »» FEMALE
I I MIXED, MALE
FEMALE
CHINESE, MALE
A««aSB«ce BAuriMC'l
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SEX.
88
males in that city. The foregoing table, however, shows that the
proportion of males in the province of Habana, outside the city, was
somewhat greater than the proportion in the city itself. It may be
worth while, therefore, to see whether other cities had a lower pro-
portion of males than the rural districts. The following table gives
an answer to the question. The 14 cities referred to include all those
having a population exceeding 10,000, together with the city of Pinar
del Rio.
District.
Number of—
Per cent of—
Males.
Females.
Males.
49.0
53.1
FemaleK.
Fourteen cities separately returned »
Rural district*
240,862
674,353
250,652
506, »40
51.0
46 9
Cuba
815,206
767,592
51.8
48 2
The excess of males in Cuba is thus seen to hold only in the rural
districts. In the cities there were nearly 10,000 more females than
males, but in the country about 67,000 more males than females. In
an average group of 1,000 city folk there were 20 more females than
males, but in an average group of 1,000 country folk there were 62
more males than females.
In the following table the distinction between urban and rural popu-
lation has been extended to the provinces, and for purposes of sim-
plicity only the columns for males have been retained:
Province.
Number of males
In-
Urban
districts.
Rural
districts.
Per cent of males
in-
Urban
districts.
Rural
districts.
Difference in
proportion of
males be>
tween urban
and rural
districts.
Habana
Matanzas
Pinar del Rio...
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
135,562
27,132
4,256
10,912
86,560
26,440
86,438
76,594
87,432
83,987
152,497
137,405
51.9
46.6
47.9
43.5
45.5
46.9
52.8
53.2
53.3
53.8
66.2
50.9
0.9
6.7
5.4
10.3
9.7
6.0
The difference between city and country in all other provinces is
several times as great as it is in Habana, and rises to a maximmu in
Puerto Principe, where in every 100 country residents there are 10
more males than there are in the capital city of that province. It is
in Habana province alone that males outnumber females in the cities.
Elsewhere they are in a decided minority. This difference may plaus-
ibly be connected with the large number of immigrants in the cities
of that province, notably in Habana. In every one of the 14 cities
separately returned, except Habana and its suburb Regla, the females
outnumber the males.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
84 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
AGE.
(8se Table IX.)
CUBA AS A WHOLK.
Probably the best single and simple expression for the SLge of a great
number of people like the inhabitants of Cuba or the United States is
what is called the median age; that is, the age such that half the mem-
bers of the population group under consideration are younger and
half are older. To compute it accurately the census tables should
present the ages by single years. That information being given, it is
easy to ascertain within what single year of life the median age must
lie. It is then assumed that within the year of age thus fixed the per-
sons were evenly distributed; in other words, that there were as many
persons living in the first tenth of the year or the first month as in
each other tenth or month. In this way the median age of the popu:,
lation of the United States in 1890 has b^ftn fix^/T^t 21 ^'^ftar« The
present census of Cuba reports ages not by single years, but, in most
cases, only by five-year periods.* Hence to get the median age it has
been necessary to distribute the population, of Cuba iu ji single five-
year pemd to the several years. For this purpose it has been assumed
that the number at each year of age in the five-year group bears the
same proportion in Cuba, as in the United States, to the total for the
five years. Thus the median age in Cuba has been found to be 20.78
ears. That in Porto Rico is 18.18 years. The people of Cuba, there-
fore, were more than a year younger than those of the United States,
but more than two and a half years older than the people of Porto
^co.
The median age is a sunmoary expression of the age constitution and
gives only a preliminary idea of the facts. The analysis is carried a
step farther by the following table, in which the three population
groups are compared in more detail. Here and elsewhere no com-
parison is made with Spain because of the meager statistical informa-
tion about that country. The table states the proportion that the
number of persons in each ten-year period from the beginning to the
end of life made of the total population of all ages.
* The division of the group 16-19 at 17 enables one to know the population of school
age, 6-17, and that of age to serve in the militia, 18-44. The division of the group
20-24 at 20 enables one to know the potential voters. The division of tlie group 0-4
into single years allows a study of the balance between birth rate ancT death rate
during the early years before it is seriously affected by migration.
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CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
CUBA
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
BY AGE AND SEX
AGE PERIODS
E PERIODS
9Sto 99
CS .. S6
a PER CENT.
7SS43i(0i;3*56
COLORED POPULATION
AGE PERIODS
7 PER CENT.
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AGE.
85
Age consUlutum of the population of Cuba compared with thai of Porto Rico and the UnUed
Stales J by ten-year age periods.
Age period.
Per cent of total population
in age periods named.
Cuba
(1899).
Porto
Rico
(1899).
United
States
(1890).
0-9
22.70
25.81
18.46
13.88
9.24
5.81
8.08
1.03
.35
.11
.02
.01
30.84
22.82
18.12
11.74
7.41
5.06
2.63
.90
.86
.10
.01
.01
24.29
21.70
18.24
13.48
9.45
6.88
3.94
1.75
.45
.05
.01
.26
10-19
20-29
80-39
40-49
60-69
60-69
70-79
80-89
90-99
100+
Of unknown age
Total ,
100.00
100.00
100.00
This table shows that the proportion of children under 10 in Cuba
was less than in the United States and much less than in Porto' Rico.
On the other hand, the proportion of persons between 10 and 20 was
much higher and that of persons between 20 and 40 somewhat higher
than in either of the other countries. The proportion of persons in
Cuba between 40 and 90 was somewhat less than in the United States,
but, with a slight exception for the last ten years, greater than in
Porto Rico. The proportion beyond 90, which was larger than in Porto
Rico or the United States, points not to a greater proportional number
of very aged persons in Cuba, but to greater errors in the returns,
whereby the true age has been exaggerated. If the age composition
of the population in the United States be taken as a standard, there
were in Cuba few children, many youth, an average number of young
adults, and a small number of persons who had passed the meridian
of 40. An accessible summary* giving the proportion of children
under 10 and of adults over 60 in 18 European countries at the last
censuses shows that Cuba had proportionally fewer children under 10
than 14 of these countries, but a larger per cent than Belgium (22.4),
Switzerland (21.7), Ireland (20.8), or France (17.5). The per cent of
persons over 60 (4.6) was lower than in the United States (6.2), and
that was lower than in any of the 18 countries of Europe. The gmall^
proportion of aged persons in the United States may be explained by
t^e_rapid growth of its population: but in Cuba^ where the population
has increased only 4 per cent in twenty -two years, the cause must be
sought rather in unsanitary conditions^ ^pnorancft reprardinpr care of
the health, and poverty, all of which are widely prevalent among
certain classes on the island and result in a short life.
The analysis may be carried one step farther by finding the propor-
* Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv III, 472 (1894).
^
/
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86
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
tion of the population belonging to each period of five years between
birth and death. The result*, in companion with those for the United
States and Porto Rico, and also with an artificial stationary population
from which the errors due to misstatement of age or to uneven growth
of population have been excluded, are contained in the foUowing
table:
Age omMiluiion of the population of Culta compared with that of Porto Rico and the
United StcUex, by five-year age periods.
Age period.
Oil ha
(1899).
United
States
(1890).
Porto
Rico
(1899).
Parr's
table.
0-4
8.32
14.38
18.99
U.32
9.72
8.74
7.66
6.33
5.43
8.81
8.66
2.16
2.19
.89
.75
.28
.28
.07
.08
.03
.02
.01
12.19
12.10
11.23
10.47
9.89
8.36
7.31
6.17
5.09
4.36
8.71
2.67
2.38
1.61
1.12
.63
.83
.12
.04
.01
.01
.26
15.78
•15.06
13.05
9.77
9.80
8.77
8.48
K '25
6-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
9.28 1 7.94 1
25-29
8.84
6.75
4.99
4.64
2.77
3.46
1.61
1.93
.70
.65
7.56
7.20
6.80
6.38
5.92
5.42
4.86
4.16
3.36
•2.44
80-34
35-39
40-14
45-49
60-^
65-69
65-69
70-74
75-79
.26 1.62
.28 1 .76
.08 1 .28
.07 -07
80-84
86-90
90-94
95-99
.08
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
100+
Of iifikfinwn «ff«
Total
100.00 100.00
100.00 1 100.00
The deficiency in young children previously noted is here more
accurately defined. The children between 5 and 10 were more numer-
ous in Cuba than in the United States and not much fewer than in
Porto Rico, but the children under 5 were only about two-thirds as
niunerous as in the United States and not much more than half as
numerous as in Porto Rico. No country for which figures are acces-
sible had so small a proportion of children under 5 as Cuba. This
small number of survivors of the children bom between 1894 and
1899, when taken in connection with the large number of survivors of
those born between 1889 and 1894, must be attributed to the economic
and political misfortunes by which the island has been afiiicted during
the past five years. Compare the memorandum on vital statistics,
1890 to 1899, in Appendix XVUI. Such misfortunes usually exercise
more influence on population by preventing births or increasing infant
mortality than by causing death of adults. In every country in which
the population is stationary or increasing one ordinarily finds that the
children under 5 outnumber those between 5 and 10, and if the popu-
lation is to be maintained this clearly must be so. Hence the number
of children in Cuba 5-9 years of age may be deemed a minimum limit to
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AGE. 87
what the number 0-4 years of age would have been had it not been for
the recent sufferings of the island. This gives the following estimate:
Children 5-9 226,109
Children 0-4 130,878
Difference 95,229
This difference of nearly 100,000 may approximately represent a
minimum limit to the loss of infant life in Cuba both by death and
prevention of bicth consequent upon her recent sufferings.
An examination of Table IX shows that during adult life, especially
the later years, the reported numbers of persons in Cuba belonging to
the successive quinquennial groups vary irregularly. One would
expect the niunber in each group through middle life to fall below that
in the next younger group by a somewhat constant proportion. That
it does not do so is clear from Table IX but the fact is more distinctly
brought out by the following derived table:
Number and per cent by which the reported population cU the age group named fell below
the number in the preceding age group.
Age group.
Difference
between this
group and
quinquen-
nial group.
Per cent that
difference
makes of
total in pre
ceding quin-
quennial
group.
10-14 1
- 6,060
-42,014
-26,076
-16, 6M
-18,693
-19,248
-14,072
-26,663
- 2,360
-23,830
+ 664
-20,402
- 2,230
- 7,447
- 4
- 3,161
+ 31
- 737
- 2.68
-19.09
-14.09
-10. 17
-13.63
-16.20
-14. 13
-29.89
- 3.92
-41.38
+ 1.97
-69.27
-16.90
-63.17
- .92
-72.84
+ 2.63
-60.90
16-19
20-24
2&-29
80-«4
86-39
40-44
45-49
60-54
56-69
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85-89
90-94 .•.
96-99
Such irregularity in the decrease with advancing years is counter to
all the probabilities in the case. The most simple hypothesis that arises
to explain it is errors in the reporting of ages. Where such errors
occur they reveal themselves in the large number of persons whose
age is reported as a multiple of 5 or especially of 10. Hence^ quin-
quennial groups^contajnlng a multiple of 10 are erroneously swollen
and the intervening: groups correspondingly diminished. An exami-
nation of the preceding table will show that thisls true of the reported
ages in Cuba. Further evidence of the irregularity may be found in
the following table. The number of persons in each quinquennial group
has been compared with half the sum of the numbers in the groui^s
\
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88
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
immediately preceding and following. If the curve representing the
population by age groups were a straight descending line (for a station-
ary population and through the years of adult life it closely approaches
a straight line), the number thus found would in each case be 100 per
cent. The departures from 100 per cent, therefore, in the following
table measure approximately, and the departure from the figures in
the first column measure more accurately, the irregularity and probable
error in the reported age^ in Cuba. Columns for the United States
and Porto Rico are introduced for comparison.
Ptr ceid that poptUation in eaeh quinquennial group maJces of tlie arilhmeilcal mean of
popuUUion in the next younger and next older groups.
Age group.
English
life table,
No. 3.
Cuba.
(1899.)
United
States
(1890).
Porto
Rico.
(1899.)
6-9 .....
84.2
96.8
100.4
100.4
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.4
100.6
101.0
101.4
101.6
100.4
96.8
86.8
69.6
50.4
128.8
109.0
95.4
97.0
101.2
100.4
97.4
107.2
83.8
123.0
73.4
144.0
60.6
128.4
63.8
157.2
42.4
146.4
103.2
99.6
99.2
106.2
97.0
100.6
99.6
96.6
99.2
105.6
88.4
108.6
93.6
100.0
86.8
87.0
66.2
68.4
104.6
105.2
87.6
99.8
105.4
97.7
87.7
119.6
68.6
157.6
69.9
167.9
64.3
128.3
64.3
175.0
47.1
140.0
10-14
15-19
20-24
26-29
80-34
85-39
40-44
46^9
50-64
56-59
60-64
66-69
70-74
76-79
80-S4
S&-S9
90-94
Disregarding the first two age groups and finding the difference
between each following group and the figures in the first column gives
a measure of the real or alleged excess or deficiency of population in
certain age periods.
Measure of excess {-^) or defidenq^ ( — ) of population in age group named.
Age group.
Cuba
(1899).
Porto Rico
(1899).
United
States
(1890).
15-19
- 6.0
- 3.4
+ 1.0
+ .2
- 2.8
-H 7.0
-16.6
-i-22.4
-27.6
+42.6
-41.0
-J-28.0
-42.0
+71.4
-27.2
+96.0
-12.8
- .6
+ 6.2
- 2.6
-12.6
+19.4
-31.8
+66.9
-41.1
+66.6
-47.3
+37.9
-41.6
+89.2
-22.1
+89.6
- 1.2
+ 4.8
-3.2
+ .4
- .6
- 3.6
- 1.2
+ 5.0
-12.6
+ 7.2
- 8.0
- .4
- 9.0
+ 1.2
- 3.4
+ 8.0
20-24
26-29
80-84
36-39
40-44
45-49
50-64
66-69
60-64
66-69
70-74
76-79
80-84
86-89
90-94
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AGE.
89
In all three countries the population in age groups including a mul-
tiple of 10 was usually in excess and that in othei age groups in
deficiency. In Cuba the deviation from the standard after the age of
30 was greater and in most instances many times greater than in the
United States, and in Porto Rico with few exceptions it was much
greater than in Cuba. In the United States where ages are reported
by single years it can easily be shown that the irregularity of the age
curve is due to the reporting of ages as 30, 40, etc., when the persons
are near but not at those ages. This tendency is most marked among
the uneducated. The preceding table shows that a similar tendency
worked in Cuba at the present census with greater effect than in the
United States, and that in Porto Rico it was even more controlling
than in Cuba.
In a single case this explanation may be further tested. In Table
IX the number of persons 20 years of age is given as well as that 21-24.
In Farr's Life Table the persons 20 years of age are 20.3 per cent of
the total in the group 20-24. In the United States the proportion for
both sexes was 20.7, but as males in the United States are fond of saying
they are of voting age, and hence the year 21 is a favored one with
them, it may be better to compare the Cuban figures for this group with
those for females in the United States. Of all females in the United
States 20-24, 22.4 per cent repoi'ted themselves as 20 years of age.
In Cuba, on the contrary, of all persons 20-24, 26.4 per cent reported
themselves as 20. This confirms the explanation already offered, that
the Cubans stated their age in round numbers as some multiple of ten
far more commonly than the Americans did in 1890.
Ages under 6 hy single years, — ^The ages under 5 are reported for
each year. This allows a study of the balance between birth rate and
death rate before it is seriously affected by migration. The very
small nmnber of children under 5 in Cuba has been shown. But
the distribution of these to the single years is also significant. The
following table gives the number of children belonging to each year
and the ratio of that number to the total under 5. Similar ratios are
included for the United States in 1880, when the form of the age
question was the same as in Cuba in 1899, and also for Porto Rico.
Age period.
Ratio to total under 5.
jNumDeroi
children.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
United i
States
(1880).
0-1
- 24,145
16,873
23,690
80,3-10
85,830
18.45
17 A<^
on Qi
1-2
12 89 16 99 18 18 '
2-3
18 10 91 ^ ^ f^
8-4
23.18
27.38
21 99 19 98
4-6
21.59 20. 2G
0-6
180,878 1
100.00
100 00 ! inn on
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90
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
In Cuba over 50 per cent of the children under 5, at tJie date of the
census, were 3 or 4 years old; while in Porto Rico the corresponding
per cent was 43.6, in the United States (1880) it was 40.2 per cent,
and by the English Life Table No. 3, 37.5 per cent. This apparently
shows that the birth rate was higher or the infant mortality lower in
Cuba during 1895 and 1896 than it was in 1897, 1898, and 1899.
Apparently, also, in Porto Rico the conditions affecting the lives of
young children were better in 1895-1897 than they were i^ 1898 or
1899.
THE SEVERAL PBOVINCBB.
Hie uiediam, age,
follows:
-The median age of the several provinces was as
Provliice,
Santiago
Puerto Principe
PlnardelRio
Santa Clam
Habana (excluBiveof ci^)
Matanzas
(city) ;;;;::::
Median
age.
18.0
18.1
19.3
21.0
21.4
22.0
24.8
There was a difference of nearly seven years between the median age
in Santiago and in the capital of the island. As the two provinces
which were closest in age, Santiago and Puerto Principe, were those
which have the largest proportions of colored and of white, respec-
tively, it is clear that the median age of the two races probably did not
differ widely except where immigration has entered to cause a difference.
Age hy 5-year 2>eriods. — ^The wide differenqe in median age between
Habana city and the eastern provinces is in some measure explained
by the following table:
Per cent of total population belonging to age period ^aUd,
Age period.
Habana
(excluding
city).
Habana
city.
Matanzaa.
Plnardel
Rio.
Puerto
Principe.
SanU
Clara.
Santiago.
0-4
6.94
12.98
14.16
12.29
11.47
9.89
7.67
6.16
6.06
3.65
8.58
2.09
2.02
.84
.66
.26
.22
.06
.06
.08
.02
.01
7.64
10.32
10.17
10.73
11.70
11.17
9.31
7.67
6.08
4.32
3.91
2.48
2.21
1.06
.70
.32
.21
.07
.05
.02
.02
.00
7.93
13.88
13.48
10.94
9.63
8.79
7.12
6.98
5.37
4.10
4.28
2.77
2.86
1.26
1.09
.35
.89
.10
.12
.03
.02
.01
9.14
16.67
14.71
11.98
11.21
9.81
7.11
5.01
4.67
2.90
2.98
1.46
1.73
.60
.66
.17
.24
.06
.07
.03
.02
.00
11.16
16.65
16.10
10.94
7.08
6.78
6.74
5.99
6.28
3.96
8.74
2.29
2.47
.97
.93
.86
.89
.10
.12
.04
.03
.00
7.81
14.84
14.40
11.42
9.59
8.85
7.67
6.47
5.63
8.87
8.78
2.15
2.23
.87
.71
.25
.27
.07
.07
.08
.02
.00
6-9
9.81
10-14
17.56
1&-19
16.84
20-24
11.07
26-29 ;■
7.43
80-84
6.40
85-39 '
C.82
40-44
6.32
46-49 '"
6.50
50-M
8.79
66-69 ;*"
3.36
60-64
1.88
66-69 ' *
1.98
70-74 :::
.73
76-79 :
.73
80-M
.27
86-89 *
.27
90-91 •■
.06
96-99 * "
.09
100 + **•
.04
Total
.02
.01
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
- -
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AGE.
91
In proportion of children under 15, Santiago and Puerto Principe
ranked first and second, and the city of Habana ranked last, or, in one
next to the last. The ratio of children under 15 to the total
case.
population varies, in close agreement with the median age, as follows;
Province.
Santiago
Puerto Principe
Pinardel Rio
Santa Clara
Habana (exclusive of city)
Matanzax
Habana (city)
Mediau
age.
18.0
18.1
19.3
21.0
21.4
22.0
24.8
Ratio of
children
0-16 to
total pop-
ulation.
43.0
42.8
39.4
86.1
84.1
^.8
28.0
A powerful and usually a controlling influence in detennining the
median or average age is the proportion of children.
Puerto Principe had the largest proportion of children under 5,
suggesting that it may have suffered least fi*om recent disorders.
From 5 to 15 years of age the maximum was in Santiago, pointing to a
high birth rate under ordinary conditions in that province. From 20
to 50 years of age the maximum was uniformly in the city of Habana;
from 50 to 80, in Matanzas.
The smallest proportion of very young children was found in Habana
proWnce outside the capital. Of children 5-19 years old there were
fewest in Habana city; of young adults 20-34 yeai^s old, fewest in
Puerto Principe; of adults 35-79, fewest in Pinar del Rio. The small
ratio of adults 20-35 years old in Puerto Principe and Santiago may
possibly be an echo of a lowered birth rate during the ten years'
war, 1868-1878, which was confined for the most part to the eastern
provinces.
All the provinces showed a much smaller number of children under 5
than of those between 5 and 10. Perhaps the best measure of relative
loss of infant life during the past five years is found by computing
the per cent by which the number of children under 5 fell below that
between 5 and 10. This is given in the following table:
Province.
Per cent bv
which chil-
dren 0-4 fall
below that
5-9.
Habana city
Puerto Principe
Matanzas
Pinar del Rio
Cuba
Santiago
Habana (excluding city)
Santa Clara
26.9
32.6
40.7
41.8
42.1
44.1
46.5
4«.9
Digitized by VjOOQIC
92
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
The number of children in the fii*8t five years of life was uniformly
below that in the next five-year period, and the deficiency ranged from
one-fourth in Ilabana city to nearly one-half in Santa Clara. The
three provinces which apparently suflfered most were Santiago, Santa
Clara, and Habana outside the capital. It is likely that the apparent
losses in the capital were decreased and those in the vicinity increased
by the removal of families containing childi-en from the rural districts
to the protection of the city. These losses probably are the result of
a much lower birth rate and a much higher infant death rate during
the past five years.
It may ])e possible to derive from the figures for children under 5
further light regarding the provinces which suflfered most at various
periods. The following talJe has been prepared by finding the ratio
of children of each year of age under 5 to the total under 5.
Province.
Habana (excluding city).
Habana city
Matanzas
PinardelRlo
Puerto Principe
Santa Clam
Santiago
16.6
16.8
17.4
22.1
18.3
lf».0
21.7
12.2
16.4
11.8
11.5
13.6
11.9
18.7
2-3.
18.4
19.8
18.4
16.6
19.3
19.0
16.5
8-4.
23.8
23.4
24.2
22.6
23.6
24.5
21.4
4-6.
29.0
24.6
28.2
27.2
25.3
29.6
26.7
O-L
100.00
100.00
100. (»
100.00
100. m
100. (M
100. uo
Of the children ])orn l)etween October, 1898, and October, 1899,
there was the smallest proportion in Santa Clara and the largest in Pinar
del Rio. Of the children 1 and 2 years old Habana city had the most
relatively to the other provinces and Pinar del Rio the fewest. Of
those born in the last months of 1894, in 1895, and 1896 Santa Claiu
had most. Of those 3 years old the fewest were in Santiago, and of
those 4 years old the fewest in Habana city.
The last Cuban revolution began early in 1895 and during that year
seems to have centered in Santiago province. In the fall of 1895 the
revolutionists advanced into the western provinces, and during 1896
militaiy operations apparently centered in the western part of the
island, notably Pinar del Rio. After the death of Maceo in December,
1896, Santa Clara was perhaps the center of operations. The Spanish
policy of concentration began early in 1896. These facts may be con-
nected with those shown in the preceding table. It indicates that the
birth i-ate in Santiago was probably abnormally low in 1896 and 1897,
that in Pinar del Rio was relatively lowest in 1897 and 1898, while
that of Santa Clara was at its minimum in 1899.
A(/e and sex, — The median age of the two sexes in Cuba compared
with that in Porto Rico and the United States was as follows:
Country.
Date.
Median age of—
Excess of—
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Cuba
1899
1800
1800
21.7
17.6
22.8
20.1
18.7
21.5
•1.6
Porto Rico
1.1
DniltHl suites
.8
^ _ ^
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AGE.
93
The males were four years older in Cuba than in Porto Rico, but
about seven and one-half months younger than in the United States.
The females were not quite seventeen months older than in Porto Rico,
but were seventeen months younger than in the United Statas. The
males were nineteen months older than the females, while in the United
States the difference was only half as great, and in Porto Rico the
females were thirteen months older. The greater age of males is made
clear by the following table, in which the ratio of the total number
of each sex in a given decennial age group to the total population of
that sex b stated.
Age compoailifni of male ami female population of Cuba by decennial jteriods.
Age period.
Per cent of all In sex
named who belong
to age period stated.
Excess of—
Halee.
Females.
23.3
26.6
18.2
13.3
8.5
5.5
3.0
1.1
.4
.1
.0
Males.
Females.
0-9
22.2
24.1
18.7
14.5
9.9
6.1
8.1
1.0
.3
.1
.0
1.1
2.5
10-19
20-29
.5
1.2
1.4
.6
.1
80-39
40-49
60-59
60-69
70-79. . . ...
.1
.1
.0
80-«9
90-99
100+
This table shows that the relative number of females was greatest at
the extremes of age 0-19 and 70+, while during the years 20-69 males
were more numerous. The absolute numbers for each sex in these
three age groups 0-19, 20-69, and 70+ are given below.
Sex.
Age period.
0-19.
20-69.
70 + .
Males
877,435
377,636
426,300
367,663
11,413 1
Femedes
12, 265 !
At the two extremes of life there were more female than male
Cubans by over 1,000, but during the working years 20-69 there were
nearly 60,000 more males than females. To the great excess of males
at those years must be attributed the higher median age of the males
in Cuba. The excess of females in the group 70+ may be actual or
simply reported; that is, it may be due either to a lower mortality
and longer lifetime or to greater errors in the reports from females.
Such errora manifest themselves not merely, as already explained, in
concentration on round numbers, but also among old persons in exag-
geration of the true age. It is of importance, therefore, to ascertain
whether concentration on round numbers is more common among
males or among females.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
94
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Following the method already explained, the table below give.s the
proportion of each sex at each quinquennial period:
Age composUion of male and female population by quinquennial periods.
Age period.
Per cei
Males.
itof—
Females.
8.58
14.69
14.21
12.37
9.76
8.47
7.23
6.04
5.02
3.53
8.53
1.92
2.18
.85
.79
.29
.31
.09
.09
.03
.02
.00
0-4
8.09
14.08
13.79
10.35
9.69
8.98
7.85
6.61
5.82
4.07
8.79
2.35
2.20
.93
.71
.26
.24
.06
.07
.08
.02
.01
6-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44.
45-49
60-64
66-59
60-64..
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85-89
90-94
96-99
100+
UnkDown ........... . ,,,..,,, ^-
Total
100.00
lOO.OO
An examination of this table shows no conspicuous diiference
between the two sexes until about the age of 45, but from that age
on the decrease in the column for males is more regular than that in
the column for females. This is probably due to the greater frequency
with which the ages of elderly women were reported as multiples of
10. The difference between the two is made more visible by the fol-
lowing table. The method employed in its preparation has been
already explained.
Per cent tluU popukUion in each quinquennial period makes of the arithmetical mean of
population in the next younger and next older jicriods.
Age period.
Males.
Females.
26-29
102.4
100.3
96.7
109.0
84.7
118.1
78.5
lU. 2
63.9
119.3
64.7
150.0
98.8
80-34
100.2
85-39
98.6
40-44
104.9
45-49
82.6
50-64
129 5
66-59
67.3
60-64
157.4
65-69 .
57.2
70-74 A
138.6
76-79
52.7
80-84
163.2
Prior to the age of 45 no uniform difference between the two sexes
clearly appears, but after that the excess in periods including a
multiple of 10 and the shortage in the intervening periods are much
more marked among women than among men.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AGE. 95
Corroborative evidence may be found in examining which sex was
more fond of reporting the age as exactly 20. In a stationary popu-
lation about 20.3 per cent of all persons between 20 and 25 are actually
20, but in Cuba 25 per cent of the males and 27.8 per cent of the
females 20-24 reported themselves as 20. This seems to show a
decidedly greater error among females, but there are many foreign-
era in Cuba belonging to this age period and the large majority are
males. As they belong mainly to the later years of the period, it may
be fairer to exclude them from the comparison. Among the colored
and native white males 20-24, 27.1 per cent were reported as 20, but
among the females of these classes the per cent was 28. It appears
that women's tendency to answer in round numbers even at this age is
a very little higher than men's.
One may safely conclude that erroneous statements of age, at le^st
after middle life^ ^jre more ^opininn Among Cuiiji woulen. "Where
errore of age occur during the later years, they are likely to exag-
gerate the real age. For example, in the United States in 1890
among every 100,000 colored 128 claimed to be 90 years old or more,
but among every 100,000 native whites of native parents only 45
claimed to be 90 or more, yet the whites certainly live longer. As
elderly Cuban women are more prone to report their ages in multiples
of 10, so they are probably more prone to exaggerate their age, and
part of the high proportion of women 70 years old or more may be
thus explained. At the same time, as general experience testifies to
a somewhat lower mortality of women in civilized countries, the greater
proportion of women in the later ages may probably be accepted as
correct, although the census figures exaggerate the difference.
Referring to the table in which the age composition of the sexes is
given by five-year periods (p. 94), one notices a striking difference in
the proportion of males and of females belonging to the age period
15-19. The proportion of females in that period was more than 2 per
cent higher than the proportion of males, while in all other cases the
proportions of the sexes differed by less than 1 per cent. This is true
not merely of the proportions, but also the absolute numbers. In this
age period there were nearly 10,000 (9,343) more females than males,
while in every other five-year period under 70 the males outnumbered
the females. It is obvious that such a massing of the females in the
age period 15-19 is highly improbable. The most simple explanation
is that for some reason a considerable number of males belonging to
that age period reported themselves at other ages, or that a considerable
number of females belonging to other age periods reported themselves
as in this period. The same difference occurs in the United States,
where the age period 15-19 is the only five-year period under 80 in
which the females outnumbered the males. The phenomenon, how-
ever, is much more marked in Cuba than in the United States. In
Digitized by VjOOQIC
96 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Cuba there were 1,111 females to every 1,000 males 15-19, while in the
United States there were only 1,019 females to 1,000 males in the same
age period. Probably the most effectual cause is the transfer of women
really belonging to other age periods into this. As the five-year
period in the tables is divided into two parts, one may probe the ques-
tion a little more closely. In the two years 18-19 there were 1,056
females to 1,000 males, while in the three years 15-17 there were
1,150 females to 1,000 males. Hence it is the earlier period in which
the difference is especially manifest, although it clearly appears in
both. The actual concentration is much greater than the apparent,
since there belong to this period about 5,000 more foreign white males
than foreign white females. It may be noticed that in the English
figures a similar concentration of women has been pointed out,
although the ages there favored fall into the next quinquennial period,
20-24. The concentration of colored in these ages was far greater
than of the native white and the concentration in all Cuba far greater
than in the city of Habana.
NATIVITY AND RACE.
<The native whites constituted 57.8 per cent, or considerably more
than one-half of the population of Cuba. The foreign whites consti-
tuted but 9 per cent; the colored, including the negro and mixed ele-
ments, amounted only to 32 per cent, or less than one-third, while
the proportion of Chinese was trifling, being less than 1 per cent.
In every province the native whites formed a majority of the popu-
lation, but in the city of Habana, owing to the large element of foreign
birth, they formed a trifle less than one-half, or 49 per cent. The pro-
portion of native whites was greatest in the province of Puerto Prin-
cipe, the sparsely settled, pastoral province, where it reached 75.2 per
cent, or more than three-fourths of all the inhabitants. It was next
largest in Pinar del Rio, which is mainly a farming province, where it
reached 66.5 per cent, or nearly two-thirds. Santa Clara had 60 per
c^nt, Habana, 57.3 per cent, and Matanzajs had 50.7 per cent, or but a
trifle more than one-half.
The propoi-tion of the foreign born ranged from 4 per cent in San-
tiago to 16.2 in Habana province, and even to 22.4 per cent in Habana
city. Between a fourth and a fifth of the population of Habana city
was of foreign birth. Puerto Principe had a very small foreign ele-
ment, and in Matanzas and Pinar del Rio it was by no means large.
The colored element, including the negro and mixed I'aces, ranged
from 20 per cent in Puerto Principe up to 45 per cent in Santiago.
It was large in Matanzas, reaching 40 per cent, was 30 per cent in
Santa Clara, 27 per cent in Pinar del Rio, and 26 per cent in Habana
Province, while the proportion in Habana city was 27.3 per cent.
The Chinese did not form an element of importance in ^ny of the
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RAGE.
97
provinces, but were most numerous in Matanzas, where tliey formed
2.1 per cent of the population.
In all of the censuses of Cuba since and including that of 1774, the
distinction of white and colored has been made, and the latter have been
distinguished as free and slave up to the time of the abolition of
slavery.
The f ollow.ing table shows the numbers and proportions of white and
colored in Cuba, as shown by each census. As the Chinese have been
by the Spanish censuses classed with whites, they are so classed here
in the census of 1899, for pui-poses of comparison:
Ceosos.
Whites.
Colored.
Number.
Percent-
age.
Namber.
Percent-
age.
1776
96,440
163,560
267.880
311,061
418,291
793.484
1,023,394
1.102,889
1,007,354
56.2
66.4
45.0
44.2
41.6
66.8
67.8
67.6
67.9
75,180
118, 741
314,983
898,436
689.333
603.046
485,897
528,798
506,443
43.8
43.6
66.0
65.8
68.5
43.2
82.2
32.4
82.1
1792
1817
1827
1841
1861
1877
1887
1899
The table shows that the number of whites has steadily increased up
to the last census, which shows a diminution of 35,535 from that of
1887. The colored increased up to 1861. In 1877 there was a decided
decrease of 117,149. In 1887 there ^as an increase of 42,901, followed
by a decrease of 23,355 in 1899.
In proportion of total population it will suffice to trace the history
of one element only— the colored — starting a centuiy and a quarter
ago with 43.8 per cent of the population. The proportion diminished
slightly in the succeeding eighteen years. But between 1792 and 1817
it increased greatly, the colored becoming largely in the majority, with
the proportion of 55.0 colored to 45.0 white. A trifling diminution
followed in. 1827, succeeded by an increase in 1841, when the propor-
tion of colored reached its maximum, with 58.5 per cent. Since then
it diminished rapidly and in 1861 was but 43.2 per cent, leaving the
whites largely in the majority again. In 1877 it again diminished,
this time to 32.2, or less than one-third of the population, since which
time it has not changed materially.
The reason for the great increase in number and proportion of the
colored nptO^^^ J^ dr>nbtlAfla fh() fflptinnpH impnrtjiHnn ni hlf^r^cs
from Africa, which peraisted, in the form of smuggling, long after
its official prohibition. Their diminution relative to the whites, dur-
ing the last half century, is doubtless but another illustration of the
inability of an inferior race to hold its own in competition with a
superior one, a truth which is being demonstrated on a much larger
scale in the United States.
24662 7
Digitized by VjOOQIC
98
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
From the earliest times of which we have statistical record there
have been large numbers of free negroes on the island, and they
existed there in varying numbers and proportions up to the time of
emancipation. The following table shows the numbers and propor-
tions of the free and slave population at each census from 1774 to
1877:
Cenfliu.
Free colored.
Slaves!
Number.
Percent-
age.
Number. 1 ^j^^^
1775 ,
80,847
54,151
115,691
106.494
152,838
225.843
272,478
41.0
45.6
86.7
27.1
25.9
87.4
55.7
44,888
64,590
199,292
286,942
486,495
877,208
199,094
59.0
54.4
68.3
72.9
74.1
62.9
44.8
1792
1817
1827
1841
1861
1877
With the exception of the census of 1827, the free colored increased
numerically at each census, and in 1877 were nine times as numerous
as in 1774. The slaves showed a rapid numerical increase up to 1841,
and since that time an equally rapid reduction in numbers, a move-
ment doubtless dependent upon the importation of slaves.
The total foreign born numbered 172,636, of which 142,153, includ-
ing 66 unknown, or 82.5 per cent, were white, and 30,382, or 17.6 per
cent, were colored. This included 14,614 Chinese, leaving 15,768
foreign-born negroes and mixed bloods.
Of the total foreign born 129,240 were bom in Spain. These formed
74.9 per cent, or very nearly three-fourths of all the foreign bom.
The next largest contributor to the foreign-bom population was China,
whose natives altogether numbered 14,863, or 8.6 per cent of the
foreign element. Next to them were natives of Africa, nearly all of
whom were negroes, numbering 12,953, or 7.5 per cent of the foreign
bom. Following these in numbers were natives of the United
States, most of them whites, numbering 6,444, or 3.7 per cent of the
foreign born. No other country contributed to this element to the
extent of even 1 per cent. Even the neighboring island of Porto Rico
contributed only 1,108, and all of the other West Indies together only
1,712. South America contributed only 752 and Central America 108,
while Mexico, although a near neighbor, contributed only 1,108 per-
sons. Altogether these closely neighboring Spanish speaking coun-
tries contributed only 4,788 persons, or less than 3 per cent of the
foreign element, a fact which speaks volumes for the sedentary char-
acter of this people. All Europe contributed only 3,568, or about 2
per cent of the foreign element, and only a little more than half as
many as the United States contributed.
The fact has already been stated that of the foreign colored, num-
bering 30,382, 14,614 were Chinese, leaving 15,768 negro and mixed
bloods. Of this number no fewer than 12,897, or more than four-
fifths, came from Africa, the source of the remainder being widely
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NATIVITY.
99
scattered. These African negroes are nearly all of advanced age,
indicating that they constitute the last remnant of imported African
slaves.
Again, while among the foreign born, taken generally, males far
outnumber females, in a relation of about four to one, it appears that
among the immigrants from the West Indies, South and Central
America, and Mexico the nimiber of females is about equal to that of
males; indeed, among those from Mexico the number of females out-
numbers that of males greatly.
The distribution of the foreign born between city and country is
much the same as in the United States. The foreign-bom element,
consisting mainly of persons of Spanish birth, congregates in the cities
much more than in the country, and among the cities it affects the
larger in preference to the smaller. In the city of Habana, the largest
and most important of the island, is found the greatest disproportion-
ate number of foreign born. Out of the total foreign-born white
element of the island, numbering 172,535, 52,901, or nearly one-third,
were found in the city of Habana. These constituted 22.4 per cent of
the entire population of the city.
In the smaller cities, including all those down to a population of
10,000, taken as a whole, the proportion of the foreign element was
9.2 per cent, while in the remainder of the island, including the rural
districts and all cities having a population less than 10,000, the propor-
tion of the foreign born was but 6.1 per cent.
While the proportion of foreign bom in the cities having a popula-
tion above 10,000, but excluding Habana, was 9.2 per cent, this pro-
f)ortion ranged widely among the different cities, being generally, but
not invariably, greater where the population was greater, and less
where it was smaller. Seacoast cities, as a rule, had a larger propor-
tion than inland cities, for obvious reasons. The following table gives,
for the cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more, the total population, the
foreign-born population, and the proportion which the latter bears to
the former.
F&reignrbom population of cities.
aues.
Habana
Santiago
Matanzas
Cienfuegofl
Puerto Principe
Cardenas
Manzanillo
Guanabacoa ....
Santa Clara
BagusL la Qrande
Sancti Spiritus .
Regla
Trinidad
Pinardel&io...
Total pop-
ulation.
235,981
43,090
36,374
90,038
25,102
21,940
14.464
18,965
18,768
12,728
12,696
11.863
11,120
8,880
Foreign
bom.
52,901
8,440
8,644
8,485
1,288
2,081
919
1,091
915
1,137
891
1,666
247
1,024
Percent-
age
foreign
bom.
22.4
8.5
10.0
11.6
5.1
9.5
6.8
7.8
6.6
9.0
3.1
14.7
2.2
11.5
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NATIVITY.
99
scattered. The«e African negroes are nearly all of advanced age,
indicating that they constitute the last remnant of imported African
slaves.
Again, while among the foreign born, taken generally, males far
outnumber females, in a relation of about four to one, it appears that
among the immigrants from the West Indies, South and Central
America, and Mexico the number of females is about equal to that of
males; indeed, among those from Mexico the number of females out-
numbers that of males greatly.
The distribution of the foreign born between city and countiy is
much the same as in the United States. The foreign-bom element,
consisting mainly of persons of Spanish birth, congregates in the cities
much more than in the country, and among the cities it affects the
larger in preference to the smaller. In the city of Habana, the largest
and most important of the island, is found the greatest disproportion-
ate number of foreign born. Out of the total foreign-born white
clement of the island, numbering 172,535, 52,901, or nearly one-third,
were found in the city of Habana. These constituted 22.4 per e«nt of
the entire population of the city.
In the smaller cities, including all those down to a population of
10,000, taken as a whole, the proportion of the foreign element was
9.2 per cent, while in the remainder of the island, including the rural
districts and all cities having a population less than 10,000, the propor-
tion of the foreign born was but 6.1 per cent.
While the proportion of foreign born in the cities having a popula-
tion above 10,000, but excluding Habana, was 9.2 per cent, this pro-
portion ranged widely among the different cities, being generally, but
not invariably, greater where the population was greater, and less
where it was smaller. Seacoast cities, as a rule, had a larger propor-
tion than inland cities, for obvious reasons. The following table gives,
for the cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more, the total population, the
foreign-born population, and the proportion which the latter bears to
the fonner.
Foreign-bom pojmkUion of cUies.
Habana
Santiago
Matanzas
Clenf iiegos
Puerto Principe ,
Cardenas
Manzanillo
Qiianabacoa
Santa Clara
Sogua la Grande
Sanctl Spiritua .
Regla ,
Trinidad
PiuardclRio....
235,981
43,090
36,374
30,038
25,102
21,940
14,464
13,965
13,768
12,728
12,696
11,363
11,120
8,880
52,901
8,440
8,644
8,485
1,283
2,081
919
1,091
915
1,137
891
1,666
247
1,024
Percent- 1
age I
foreign
bom.
22.4
8.5
10.0
11.6
5.1
9.5
6.8
7.8
6.6
9.0
8.1
14.7
2.2
11.6
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CITIZENSHIP.
101
The population of the island, as a whole, is classified as above out-
lined in the first table, and in succeeding tables the population of each
province and of the city of Habana are similarly classified.
TOTAL OF THE ISLAND.
OUizenahip, lUeracyy and education.
All
classes.
Whites
bom in
Cuba.
Whites
bom in
Spain.
Whites
bora in
other
countries.
Colored.
Total of voting age
417,993
187,813
96,068
6,794
127,298
Cuban citizens
290,906
1^471
142
78
106,214
Can neither read nor write
172,027
4,182
106,286
8,861
94,801
2,069
79,462
8,629
84
18
1
89
25
78,279
Oaii r^ftd but cah not writG
2,042
Can read and write
99
9
26,695
With superior education
198
Spanish citizens » r
9,600
144
9,841
6
9
Can neither read nor write
1,149
108
7,929
814
18
2
106
19
1,126
106
7,816
293
1
4
Can read but can not write
Can read and write
8
2
5
With sunerior education
Citizens in suspense «
76,660
1,296
75,249
87
87
Can neither read nor write
16,946
868
66,704
2,162
812
18
861
106
16,690
837
66,771
2,061
7
1
24
6
86
Can read but can not write
2
Can read and write
48
With superior education
1
Foreign and unknown citizens
40,919
1,902
11,866
6,678
20,988
Can neither read nor write
Can read but can not write
26,641
293
11,914
2,071
191
8
1,162
661
7,434
158
8,682
87
872
84
4,877
1,890
18,144
96
Can read and write
2,708
With superior education
48
The total number of males of voting age in Cuba was 417,993, or
26 per cent of the total population. This is a little less than the pro-
portion, in 1890, in the United States, where it was 27 per cent. The
excess of males of all ages in Cuba is somewhat greater than in the
United States.
Classifying the potential voters of Cuba by birthplace and race, it
is seen that 44.9 per cent were whites, bom in Cuba; that 30.5 per cent
were colored, and as nearly all the colored were bom in the island it is
seen that fully seven-tenths of the potential voters of Cuba were native
bom, 23 per cent were bom in Spain, and 1.6 per cent in other
countries.
Classifying the whole number of potential voters by citizenship, it
is seen from the following table that 70 per cent were Cuban citizens,
2 per cent were Spanish citizens, 18 per cent were holding their citi-
zenship in suspense, and 10 per cent were citizens of other countries,
or their citizenship was unknown.
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102
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Citizenship of males £1 years of age and over in Cuba,
GitUenahlp.
Number.
Per cent of
total males
21 years of
age and
over.
Cuban
290,905
9,500
76,669
40,919
70
2
18
10
Spanish
In suspense
Foreign or unknown
Total
417,998
100
The degree of illiteracy of these classes was as follows:
Clticenahlp.
Unable to
read.
Citicenship.
Unable to
read.
Cuban .;
Percent.
59
12
In suspense..- -
Percent
22
8pftnl#b
Foreign or un
Icnown
65
The Cuban citizens, numbering 290,905, were composed almost
entirely of persons bom in Cuba, there being among them but 220
white persons, and probably not more colored, of alien birth. The
white Cuban citizens, who were natives of the island, numbered
184,471, and of these 94,301, or 51 per cent, were unable to read.
The colored Cuban citizens numbered 106,214, of which not less than
78,279, or 74 per cent, were unable to read.
The people of Cuba who claimed Spanish citizenship numbered
9,500, and of these nearly all were bom in Spain, there being but 159
bom elsewhere.
Those whose citizenship was in suspense numbered 76,669. These
also were nearly all of Spanish birth, the number born elsewhere
being but 1,420.
The number of persons of other or unknown citizenship was 40,919.
Of these, fully one-half were colored, most of them being Chinese,
and much the larger proportion of the remaining half were of Spanish
birth.
Summing up the situation, it appears that the total number of males
of voting age who could read was 200,631, a little less than half the
total number of males of voting age. Of these 22,629 were of Spanish
or other foreign citizenship or unknown citizenship. The number
whose citizenship was in suspense was 59,724, and the number of
Cuban citizens able to read was 118,278, or 59 per cent of all Cuban
citizens of voting age.
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CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
CUBA
BIRTHPLACE, CITIZENSHIP AND ILLITERACY OF MALES
OF 21 YEARS AND OVER
WHITES OF CUBAN BIRTH AND CUBAN CITIZENSHIP
[ I WHITES OF CUBAN BIRTH AND OTHER CITIZENSHIP
I I WHITES OF SPANISH BIRTH, CITIZENSHIP IN SUSPENSE
[ I WHITES OF SPANISH BIRTH AND SPANISH CITIZENSHIP
ETJ WHITES OF SPANISH BIRTH AND OTHER CITIZENSHIP
I J WHITES BORN ELSEWHERE
COLORED OF CUBAN CITIZENSHIP
COLORED OF OTHER CITIZENSHIP
ILLITERATE
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CITIZENSHIP.
HABANA (pBOVINCE).
Citizenshipy literacy j and education.
103
All
classes.
Whites
bom in
Cuba.
Whites
bom in
Spain.
Whites
bom in
other
countries.
Colored.
Total or voting age
127,047
62,621
43,273
3,499
27,064
Cuban citizens
73,939
61,153
36
45
22,705
Can neither read nor write
30,345
1,628
37,669
4,397
16,898
688
29,265
4,812
4
2
1
28
14
13,441
839
Can read bat can not write
Can read and write
30
2
8,356
69
With sapeiior education.
^^niffh cf tixeni* .
4,718
49
4,661
6
8
"
Can neither read nor write
880
62
4,187
149
4
874
62
4,096
140
1
1
Can read, bat can not write
Can read and write
37
8
8
1
2
With superior education
Citixens In suspense
39,207
678
38,471
21
87
Can neither read nor write
6,442
491
* 31,174
1,100
129
9
469
71
6,300
479
30.669
1,023
2
1
13
6
11
C^n read, but can not write
2
Can read'and write
23
With superior education
1
FOTeign and unknown citizens
9,183
741
106
3,428
4,909
Can neither read nor write
4,188
67
4,120
818
11
1
607
222
8
248
15
2,688
677
3,921
41
Can read, but can not write
<>») read'and write.. .. .. .
88
9
937
With superior education
10
HABANA CXTY
OUizenshipf literacy, and education.
All classes.
Whites
bom in
Cuba.
Whites
bom in
Spain.
Whites
bora in
other
countries.
Colored.
Total of voting age ......»»..
75,306
23,790
32,779
2,787
16,949
Cnban citizens
85,460
22,729
23
37
12,671
Can neither read nor write
8,804
976
22,790
8,391
2,666
346
16.607
3.312
1
2
6,736
630
Can read, but can not write
Can read'and write
20
2
23
12
6,240
66
With superior education
Spanish citizens . .
4,136
39
4,089
6
8
Can neither read nor write
327
62
3,623
134
1
3^1
62
8,688
125
1
1
Can read, but can not write
Oin read and write .
30
8
3
1
2
With superior education
Citizens in suspense
29,079
450
28,589
15
25
Can neither read nor write.
8,215
389
24,681
891
37
6
347
61
3,170
381
24,211
827
1
1
8
6
7
Can read, bat can not write
2
Can read'and write
15
With superior education
1
Foreign and unknown citizens
6,630
672
78
2,780
8,250
Can neither read nor write
2,623
48
8,253
706
8
1
386
177
6
139
11
2,067
618
2,470
Can read, bnt can not write
86
Can read and write
64
8
736
With superior education .............
8
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104 REPORT ON THE 0EN8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
Of the gi'eater subdivisions of the island of Cuba, Habana city con-
tains the largest proportion of foreign born, both as to total of popu-
lation and of males over 21 years of age. The total number of
potential voters in the city was 75,305, or 32 per cent of its entire
population, a very large proportion, both as compared with the entire
island and with the United States.
This number of potential voters was composed, first, of whites born
in Cuba, numbering 23,790, or 32 per cent of all. Of this number,
22,729, or 96 per cent, were Cuban citizens. The remainder, 1,061,
were almost all in suspense as to citizenship, or were citizens of coun-
tries other than Cuba or Spain. Only 39 native white Cubans were
Spanish citizens.
Second, of white persons born in Spain, who numbered no fewer
than 32,779, or 44 per cent of all males of voting age, a much larger
number and proportion than the Cuban whites. These natives of
Spain comprised 4,089 citizens of Spain and 28,589 persons whose citi-
zenship was in suspense. Only 23 persons of Spanish birth were
Cuban citizens.
Third, of whites of other countries, numbering 2,787, or 4 per cent
Nearly all of these were citizens of other countries.
Fourth, colored, who numbered 15,959, or 21 per cent of the males
of voting age. Of this number 12,671, or four-fifths, were Cuban
citizens, the remainder consisting mainly of Chinese. As elsewhere
in the island, Cuban citizens of Habana city were confined almost
entirely to white or colored natives of Cuba. Their total number was
35,460, or 47 per cent, less than one-half of all males of voting age.
The whites among them numbered 22,729, of whom only 2,565, or 11
per cent, were illiterate. The colored among them numbered 12,671,
of whom 5,736, or 45 per cent, were illiterate. The total number of
illiterates among the Cuban citizens of the city was 8,304, or 23 per
cent, leaving as the total number of literate Cuban citizens of voting
age 27,156.
The citizens of Spain in the city numbered 4,136, including 327
illiterates and 3,809 literates. The number of persons whose citizen-
ship was in suspense numbered 29,079, composed of 3,215 illiterates
and 25,864 literates. It is seen that in case all those who were in sus-
pense as to citizenship should declare in favor of Cuban citizenship,
they would still be outnumbered slightly by the native literate Cuban
citizens of voting age. Those of foreign or unknown citizenship num-
bered 6,630, including 2,623 illiterates and 4,007 literates.
The literate Cuban citizens of voting age formed 45 per cent of all
literates of voting age.
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CITIZENSHIP.
105
HABANA PROVINCE (EXCLUDING CITY).
CUizemhipf literacy, and education.
All
classes.
Whites
bom in
Cuba.
Whites
bom in
Spain.
10,494
Whites
bom in
other
countries.
Colored.
Total of voting age
61,742
28,831
712
11,706
(■uhan dtixCTM*. -,,T,r
88,479
28,424
IS
8
10, OM
Can neither read nor write
22,041
663
14,879
1,006
14,838
12,748
1,000
8
7,706
209
Can read, but can not write
i
5
2
Can read and write
10
2,116
With superior education
4
Spanish citizens
b82
10
672
Can neither read nor write
63
3
60
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write.
614
16
7
607
15
With sunerior education
'
1
Citizens in suspense
10,128
228
9,882
6
12
Can neither read nor write
8,227
102
6,693
206
92
4
122
10
8,180
98
6,458
196
1
4
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
6
8
With superior education
FV^re^ffP and unVnown citizens
2,663
169
27 1 698 1 1,659
Can neither read nor write
1,665
9
867
112
8
2
109
4
621
64
1,461
Can read, but can not write
6
Can read and write
m
46
24
1
201
With superior education
2
The total namber of males of voting age was 51,742, forming 27 per
cent of ihe population.
This number was composed, first, of 28,831 whiter of Cuban birth,
constituting 56 per cent of all males of voting age. All of these were
Cuban citizens, with the exception of 407, most of whom were in
suspense as to citizenship.
Second, of 10,494 persons born in Spain, forming 20 per cent of all
males of voting age. These included 572 citizens of Spain and 9,882
persons whose citizenship was in suspense. Only 13 out of this num-
ber of persons of Spanish birth were Cuban citizens.
Third, 712 persons born in other countries than Spain and Cu})a, or
of unknown nativity.
Fourth, of 11,705 colored persons. These included 10,034 Cu})an
citizens, the remainder being mainly Chine.se.
The total number of Cuban citizens in the province, outside of
Habana City, was 38,479, or 74 per cent of all persons of voting age.
With the exception of 13 persons of Spanish birth and 8 born in other
countries this body of Cuban citizens was composed of whites and of
colored persons bom in Cuba. The white citizens of Cuba numbered
28,424, 14,333 or about 50 per o^nt of whom were illiterates. The
total number of illiterate Cuban voters of the province, outside of the
city, was therefore 22,041, or 57 per cent, leaving as the number of
Digitized by VjOOQIC
106
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
literate voters 16,438. The total number of literate males of votiog
age wa« 24,856, of which Cubans formed 66 per cent
1IATAN2AB.
OUizervthipt liUraey^ and educatUm,
All
classes.
Whites
bom in
C^ba.
21,320
White*
bom in
Hpaln.
Whitee
bora in
other
countries.
Colored.
TofAl of votinir niro . r . , r , . * r - r
55,595
10,217
665
23,39S
OuhAn ritisoTiB .••••
37, M4
20, M3
17 1 11
16,673
Cati neither re&d nor write
23,983
543
U.933
1,085
10,062
281
9,432
1,068
2| 4
13,915
Can rciid but can not write
'262
Can read and write
10 4
6 8
2,487
With Bunerior education
J
Snanlsh citizens
1,033
16
1,016
1
Can neither read nor write. ..... .\ .. .
112
16
865
40
112
15
853
86
Can read but can not write
1
11
4
Can read and write
1
With HUDcrior education
Citizens in suspense
5,798
91
5,705
1
1
Can neither read nor write
749
62
4,732
255
6
2
77
6
741
60
1
1
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
4,665
With suDcrior education
249
••••
Foreign and unknown citizens
11,220
870
8,479
668
6,718
Can neither read nor write
8,677
77
2,196
271
88
2
201
79
2,279
66
1,106
86
182
1
* 366
165
6.178
Can read, but can not write
•l8
Can read and write
621
With superior education
1
The total number of males over 21 years of age is 55,595, or 27.5
per cent of the total population of the province. This total number
of potential voters is composed, first, of 21,320 whites bom in Cuba,
of whom all except 477 are Cuban citizens; second, 10,217 whites bom
in Spain, of whom only a trifling number were Cuban citizens; 1,016,
or about 10 per cent, were Spanish citizens; 5,705, or more than one-
half, were in suspense as to citizenship, and 3,479, or about one-third,
were citizens of other countries, or their citizenship was unknown;
third, of 665 whites born in other countries, and fourth, of 23,393
colored, including blacks, mixed, and Chinese. Of these 16,673 were
Cuban citizens, and 6,718 were citizens of foreign countries, or their
citizenship was unknown. The last number, of course, includes
Chinese.
Of the above number of potential voters of the province, namely,
55,595, citizens of Cuba numbered altogether 37,544, or 68 per cent
of the total number; Spanish citizens numbered 1,033, or 2 per cent;
those whose citizenship was in suspense numbered 5,798, or 10 per
cent, while the citizens of other countries and those whose citizenship
was unknown numbered 11,220, or 20 per cent of the total number.
The number of Cuban citizens above given, namely, 37,544, was
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CITIZENSHIP.
107
composed of 20,843 native white persons of Cuban birth, forming 66
per cent of the whole nmnber; of 16,673 colored persons, forming 44
per cent, and the trifling remainder were bom in Spain or other
countries.
Of the native white Cuban citizens above mentioned 10,062, or 48
per cent, were unable to read, and of the colored Cuban citizens
13,915, or 83 per cent, were similarly illiterate. Of the total number
of Cuban citizens in this province 64 per cent were unable to read.
The total number of Cuban citizens able to read was 13,561, out of a
total of all citizens able to read of 22,074, or 61 per cent
riNAR DBL BIO.
CUizenskipy literacy ^ and education.
All
claasee.
White*
bom in
Cuba.
Whltea
bom in
Spain.
Whites
bom in
other
conntrles.
Colored.
Total of votinfiT ftfire
43,750
24,824
8,242
808
10,876
Cuban citizens
83,479
24,1(M
6
9,369
Can neither read nor write
25,424
234
7,416
406
17,118
163
6,422
401
1
8,306
71
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
6
988
With superior education
6
Spanish citizens
662
16
646
Can neither read nor write
54
5
593
10
8
51
5
580
10
Can read, but can not write.
Can read and write
18
With superior education
Citizens in suspense
7,766
171
7,577
1
6
Can neither read nor write
3,140
56
4,439
120
91
1
76
3
3,048
66
4,367
117
1
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
1
6
With superior education
Foreigrn and unknown citizens
1,8M
33
13
307
1,501
Can neither read nor write.
1,553
10
260
31
4
1
106
9
170
23
1,443
1
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
22
7
.11
1
67
With superior education
The total number of males 21 years of age and over of this province
was 43,750, amounting to 26 per cent of the total population. This
number was composed, first, of 24,324 whites, bom in Cuba, of whom all
excepting 220 were Cuban citizens; second, of 8,242 whites of Spanish
birth, of whom only a trifling number were Cuban citizens, 646 were
citizens of Spain, while the citizenship of 7,677 was in suspense;
third, of 308 whites born in other countries than in Cuba or Spain,
and, fourth, 10,876 colored, including black, mixed, and Chinese. Of
these 9,369 were Cuban citizens, while 1,607 were citizens of other
countries or of unknown citizenship.
Of the total number of males, 21 years and over, in this province, 77
per cent were Cuban citizens, leaving 23 per cent citizens of other
Digitized jDy
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108
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
countries. This bod}' of Cuban citizens is made up almost entirely of
whites and colored persons who were born in Cuba, the number of per-
sons of Spanish birth or other foreign birth being trifling. Of the
whites bom in Cuba who were Cuban citizens not less than 71 per cent
were reported as unable to read, while of the colored citizens no less
than 89 per cent were unable to read, and of the total number of Cuban
citizens in the province 76 per cent, or more than three-fourths, were
illiterate. It is because of the high percentage of illiteracy in this prov-
ince that it has l)een called the ''dark province" of Cuba.
The total number of males of 21 years of age and over who were able
to read was 13,579. Of this number, 8,055, or 59 per cent, were Cuban
citizens.
PUERTO PRINCIPE.
aiizermhipf lii^racf/y and educaiUm,
All
classes.
20,181
Whites
bom In
Cuba.
Whites
bora in
Spain.
Whites
bora in
other
oountrieci.
Colored.
Total of voting ngc
12,618
2,982
261
4.420
(^tiliaii cltlzenB
15,759
12,861
4
2
3,892
Can neither rend nor write
7,810
818
6,972
C59
6,037
214
6,476
636
1
1,772
Can read, but can not write
104
Can read and write
2
1
1
1
1,494
With superior education
22
Spanish citizens
446
26
420
1
Can neither read nor write
224
10
189
23
9
214
10
176
20
1
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
13
3
With superior education
Citizens In suspense
2,606
66
2,647
2
Can neither read nor write
783
43
1,607
172
10
773
43
1,566
166
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
40
6
2
With superior education
Foreign and unknown citizens
1,371
76
11
269
hOSb
Can neither read nor write
901
12
281
174
. 6
46
8
14
1
119
125
877
Can read, but can not write
10
Can read and write
1
. 2
187
Witli superior education
1
This, the smallest province of the island in point of population,
contained but 20,181 males 21 years of age and over, being 23 per
cent of the population of the province. It was composed, first, of
12,518 whites born in Cuba, of which number all but 157 were Cuban
citizens; second, of 2,982 whites born in Spain, 420 of whom were
citizens of Spain, and the citizenship of 2,547 was in suspense; third,
of 261 whites born in other countries, and, fourth, of 4,420 colored,
including negro, mixed, and Chinese. Of these 1,025 were of foreign
or unknown citizenship, while 3,392 were citizens of Cuba.
Of the total number of males 21 years of age and over, 16,769, or
Digitized by VjOOQIC
CITIZENSHIP.
109
78 per cent, were Cuban citizens. This number was made up almost
entirely of native white and colored Cubans, the number of persons
bom in Spain or in other countries being trifling. Of the native white
Cuban citizens, 49 per cent, or nearly one-half, were iliitei-ate, and
of the colored citizens, 62 per cent, or a little more than one-half.
About one-half, therefore, of the Cuban citizens, taken as a whole,
were unable to read.
Of the total number of males of voting age, 10,460, or 52 per cent,
were able to read. The Cuban citizens able to read numbered 7,949,
or 76 per cent of all literate males of voting age.
SANTA CLABA.
(Mizenshipf lUeracyf and educalUm.
All
classes.
Whites
bom in
Cuba.
Whites
born in
Spain.
Whites
born In
other
countries.
Colored.
Total of voting age
100,113
46,634
21.963
899
31,727
Cuban citizens
71,462
44,976
66
11
26,409
Can neither read nor write
46,084
916
23,476
988
26,118
620
18,374
964
22
6
20,938
395
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
43
1
4
1
6,054
22
With superior education
Spanish citizens
1.481
32
1,447
1
\
Can neither read nor write
88
17
1,330
46
2
1
26
4
86
16
1,8(M
41
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
1
With superior education
1
Citizens in suspense
12, M7
182
12,744
2
19
Can neither read nor write
3,043
117
9,666
231
41
4
126
12
2,992
113
9,420
21 Q
10
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
2
9
With superior education
Foreign and unknown 01113*™*.
14,223
344
7,696
885
6,298
Can neither read nor write
10,304
123
3,667
289
73
3
210
68
6,113
96
2,466
83
262
6
472
146
4,866
19
Can read, but can not write
Can read and write
420
With superior education
3
The total nmnber of males 21 years of age and over in this province
was 100,113, or 28 per cent of the total population. This total num-
ber was composed, first, of 45,534 whites of Cuban bii-th, all of whom,
excepting 568, were citizens of Cuba; second, of 21,953 whites born
in Spain, of whom 66 only were citizens of Cuba; 1,447 were citizens
of Spain, and 7,696 were citizens of other countries or their citizen-
ship was unknown, while 12,744, or considerably more than half of
the whites of Spanish birth, were "in suspense;" that is, they had not
yet decided upon their future citizenship; third, of the total number
899 were bom in other countries, and, as a rule, their citizenship
followed the country of birth; and, fourth, of 31,727 colored persons,
including black, mixed, and Chinese. Of these 26,409 were Cuban
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no
REFOBT ON THE 0EN8CJ8 OF OUBA, 1899.
citizenH and 5,298 wei*e citizenH of other or unknown countries, most
of them being Cliinese.
The total number of Cuban citizens in this province was 71,462, or
71 per cent of all persons 21 years of age and over; the citizens of
Spain formed but 2 per cent of the total; those in suspense formed 13
per cent, and the citizens of other or unknown countries formed 14 per
cent.
The above number of Cuban citizens was composed almost entirely
of the two classes of white and colored of Cuban birth. There was a
trifling number of persons of Spanish birth and of those bom in other
countries who claimed Cuban citizenship, but their number is too
small to be worth consideration in this connection. The white Cuban
citizens numbered 44,976, or 63 per cent of the total number of Cuban
citizens. Of these 25,118, or 56 per cent, were unable to read. The
number of colored Cuban citizens was 26,409, or 37 per cent of all,
and of these not less than 20,938, or 79 per cent, were unable to read.
The total number of males of voting age who were able to read was
10,594, or 41 |>cr cent of all males of voting age. The Cuban citizens
able to read numbered 25,378, or 63 per cent of all able to read.
BANTIAaO DK CUBA.
CHtizejuthipf literacyj mid education.
All claeves.
Whites
lx)m in
Cuba.
I
Whites
}>om in
Spain.
Whites
bom in
other
countries.
Colored.
Total votinir aire
71,307
SI. 496
9,421
1,162 29,228
CiibHii citizens
68,722
31.034
13
9 1 27,666
Can neither read nor write
38,981
17,821
1,326
19,068
223
10,494
1,249
4
1 10.9QR
Can read but can not write
'371
7.S16
Can read and write
9
2
With HUDciior education
6 71
SliAniMli citizcDfi . •••..•••••«.•••••
1,160
6
1,151
s
Can neither read nor vnflte
291
8
815
46
289
8
808
46
2
Can read, but can not write.
Can read and write ................
6
1
With superior education
Citizens in suspense
8,357
118
8,206
12
22
Can neither read nor write
2,788
89
5,196
284
35
2
74
7
2,786
87
5,105
277
4
13
Can read but can not write
Can read and write
8
9
With superior education
Foreisn and unknown citizens
3,068
338
52
1,141
1,537
Can neither read nor write
1,015
14
1,501
538
10
1
188
139
26
2
19
6
111
2
663
366
869
Can read, but can not write
9
Can read and write
631
With superior etlucatlon
28
The total number of males 21 years of age and over in this province
was 71,307, or 22 per cent of the population of the province.
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CITIZENSHIP.
Ill
This number was composed —
First, of white persons born in Cuba, to the number of 31,496, or
44 per cent of all, nearly all of these being Cuban citizens;
Second, of whites of Spanish birth, numbering 9,421, or 13 per cent
of all; of this number much the larger proportion were in suspense as
to their future citizenship;
Third, whites bom in other countries, to the number of 1,162, or 2
per cent of all; and.
Fourth, colored, including black, mixed, and Chinese, to the number
of 29,228, which formed 41 per cent of the total niunber of voting age,
most of whom were of Cuban birth and Cuban citizenship.
The total number of Cuban citizens was 68,722, or 82 per cent of all
male^ over 21 years of age. This was composed of 31,056 whites and
27,666 colored. Of the total number of Cuban citizens 38,981, or 66
per cent, were unable to read; of the white Cuban citizens 61 per cent
and of the colored Cuban citizens 72 per cent were illiterate.
Spanish citizens numbered 1,160, or 2 per cent of all. The illiterates
among them numbered 291, forming 25 per cent. Those in suspense
were mainly of Spanish birth, numbering 8,357, or 12 per cent of all
males over 21 years of age. Among these the illiterates numbered
2,788, or 33 per cent. The number of persons who were citizens of
other countries than Cuba or Spain, or whose citizenship was unknown^
numbered 3,068, forming 4 per cent of all. Of these 1,015, or 33 per
cent, were unable to "read or write.
The total number of males of voting age who were able to read was
28,232, or 40 per cent of all males of voting age. Of these 19,741, or
70 per cent, were Cuban citizens.
The following table brings together the proportion which the males
of voting age bear to the population in the several provinces and the
city of JIabana, the proportion being least in the province of Santiago
and greatest in the city of Habana:
Proportion of males of voling age to population.
Pioylnce.
Per cent.
Province.
Per cent.
Hftntingn. ,.,...,
22
23
25
27
MAtunzftfl
27 5
Puerto Prtociipe
Santa Clara
28
PinardelRio
Habana city
5J2
Uabana, excluding city
The following table brings together the proportion of the literate
males of voting age who were born in Cuba to all literate males of vot-
ing age in the several provinces and the city of Habana. It is seen
that this proportion is least in Habana city, where less than half the
literate voters are of Cuban birth, and is greatest in Puerto Principe,
where they constitute more than three-fourths.
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112 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Pr(t}H)rlion of litmite males of voiiruj age who were born in Cuba to all lileraie malet of
voting age.
Province. Tercent. J Province.
Habanacity..
Pinar del Rio.
MatanzHs
Santa Clara ..
45 j Habana, excluding city .
59 I .Santiago .
61 li Puerto Principe.
63
Per cent.
66
7D.
76
STATISTICS OF FAMILIES.
A family, in the ordinary or popular sense of the word, means a
group of persons bound together by ties of kindred. Usually they
live together, but this is not necessarily involved in the word, for a
married son or daughter occupying a separate house is regarded as still
a member of the family. On the other hand, not all persons who live
with the family are deemed members, for servants, laborers, or board-
ers are excluded.
The census finds such a definition of the family inapplicable to its
field of work. The test of kindred can not be applied by the enumer-
ator. In many cases families of relatives are dispersed through the
community, returns about them come through different enumerators,
and their nameii and the facts about them can not be assembled on the
schedules or tabulated together. Accordingly in this field, as in sev-
eral others, the census is forced to abandon the effort to bring together
data that belong together and confine itself to the simpler and more
practicable task of tabulating together data that are found by the enu-
merators conjoined. The census test of a family is not kinship b^
blood, but association jn home life. Pei*sons living in the same home
are forTcnsus purposes members of the same family.
In ccnsusjisage, therefore^ the word ^^ family" means the g-rounof
people^ whether related by blood or not, who share a common dwelling
and table. If one person sleeps and eats alone, he constitutes for cen-
sus purposes a family. On the other hand, if a large group of people
sleep and eat in a common dwelling, like a hotel or convent, they
make up a single census family. Census families, therefore, may be
divided into two classes: Natural families or families in the popular
sense of that word, and ''other families." Membera of a natural
family are bound together primarily by ties of kindred. Members of
other families are bound together primarily by other motives, usually
of an economic character. The latter may perhaps without great vio-
lence to the facts be called economic families. These two classes of
motives may and often do coexist, but the family should be classed
with natural families or with economic families according to the class
of motives which is primary. For example, a family having only one
boarder should doubtless be grouped with natural families, but a fam-
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SIZE OK FAMILIES. 113
ily in which the boarders largely outnumber the blood relatives should
be grouped with economic families.
SIZE OF FAMILIES.
(See Table XXXIX.)
The limits of size are much wider in the economic family than in
the natural family. The economic family may consist of one person
living alone, of two partnei^s living together at their place of business,
of three or more boarders living with a housekeeper, or of hundreds
of guests, nuns, or prisoners living together in a hotel, convent, or
prison. On the basis of number of members alone no sharp lines can
be .drawn between natural families and economic families. Still,
the only classification of census families presented in the tables of this
volume is that by size, and on this basis, therefore, an attempt may
perhaps be ventured to divide census families into two classes, one of
which should consist maiply of natural families and the other mainly
of economic families.
As a natural family can not be composed of a single member, the
lower limit of size for a natural family may be dmwn with confidence
between two members and one. The higher limit is more vague and
uncertain. Yet it seems that if all families of more than ten persons
are grouped as economic families, a large proportion, if not a majority,
of the persons in them might be assumed to be living apart from their
kindred — that is, as farm laborers in their employer's family, or as
boarders, lodgei-s, or residents of hotels, schools, prisons, or other
institutions treated by the census as a family, but not so regarded in
ordinary speech. On this basis, therefore, the families in Cuba may be
divided into the following three groups:
1. Families of one member.
2. Families of two to ten members.
3. Families of more than ten members.
Of these groups the second consists mainly of natural families, the
first entirely and the third largely, if not mainly, of economic families.
Families of one membei\ — ^This class in Cuba numbered 30,614, or
1.95 per cent of the population, while in the United States and Porto
Rico the corresponding per cents were only 0.74 and 0.82 respectively.
The first hypothesis that arises to explain the relatively large number
of Cubans living alone is that many families may have broken apart
by the events of the last few years. But when the provinces and
Habana City are examined separately, Pinar del Rio is found to have
had much the smallest ratio of persons living out of families and
Habana City the largest. While this result disproves the hypothesis
just mentioned, it suggests another, viz, that the proportion living
24662 8
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114
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
out of families may be connected with the proportion of urban popu-
lation. The following table tests the second theory:
ProTinoe or citj.
Haban«Clty
MatAnawproylnce
Puerto Prfncipe province
Santa Clara pro viDce
Habana province (excluding Habana City)
Santiago province
Plnar del Rio province
Per cent
Percent
of popu-
lationliv-
of urban
*T^
ingin
famUies
8.000 (+).
of 1 mem-
ber.
100
8.96
28.8
2.41
28.4
2.48
22.6
1.48
22.1
1.67
17.6
1.40
5.1
.70
This table shows that the proportion of pei'sons in Cuba living
alone varies directly with the proportion of urban population, or, b
paradoxical form, as people crowd together into cities living alone
becomes more common. To test this inference stiU further, the fol-
lowing table has been prepared:
14 cities separately reported.
Rest of Cuba
Total pop-
ulation.
491,504
1,061,298
Popula-
tion in
families
of 1 mem-
ber.
16,806
14,808
Percent
of total
popu-
lation.
8.2
1.4
In less than half a million urban residents there were more persons
living alone than in the million of rural population, and in the cities
the per cent of persons living alone was more than double what it was
in the country. In each of the fourteen cities separately reported the
per cent of such persons is higher than the rural average. The range
of per cents for these cities is from Puerto Principe (4.1) and Habana
(4) to Pinar del Rio (1.8) and Trinidad (1.8).
FamUies of 11 or Ttiore members, — Such families in Cuba included
202,176 persons, or 12.9 per cent of the entire population — that is,
between 6 and 7 times as many persons were living in these big families
<^ as were living alone. In this respect Cuba differs widely from the
\ United States, where only 6.7 per cent of the population lived in such
families, and from the South Central States of this country, where
race conditions and agriculture are somewhat like those of Cuba, but
where the proportion of population in families of more than 10 mem-
bers was the same as the average for the entire United States.
As hotels, boarding houses, and institutions are more common in
cities than in the country, the hypothesis suggests itself that these
large census families, like the very small ones, are most common in
the cities.
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CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
CITY OF HABANA
SEX, RACE, AND NATIVITY
)N
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SIZE OF FAMILIES.
115
The following table tests the conjecture.
Restof Cul
iET':
Total pop-
ulation.
491, 5(H
1,061,293
Popula-
tion in
families
ofll-H
members.
68,675
143,500
"I
Per cent
of total
popula-
tion.
11.9
13.3
These very large families therefore were more common, or at least v
embraced a larger proportion of the population, not in cities, but in ^
the rural districts. Still the diflFerence is but slight. The per cent
of population in the rural districts living in these very large families
was least in Santiago (11 per cent) and greatest in Pinar del Rio (17 per
cent). In Matanzas and Habana it was 12 per cent, in Puerto Principe
and Santa Clara 14 per cent. Among the 14 cities the proportion of
population living in very large families was perceptibly less in those
lying in the eastern half of Cuba.
Families of from S to 10 memhers. — Aa Cuba had a much larger pro-
portion of its population in economic families than had the United
States, it follows necessarily that the proportion of the population liv-
ing in natural families or families within the ordinary range of sizes was
less. While in the United States nearly 93 per cent (92.6) of the pop-
ulation were living in families of 2 to 10 members, in Cuba only 85 per
cent (85.2) were so living. The proportion of population living in fam-
ilies of this size varied in different provinces as follows:
Provlncea.
Per cent
of popu-
lation in
famUies
of2tol0
mem-
bers.
Provinces.
Per cent
of popu-
lation in
familien
of2tol0
mem-
bers.
Habana City
82.1
83.9
84.9
85.6
MatanzaA ^ ^ ^
85.9
Pinar del Rio
Habana, excluding city
86.4
Santa Clara
Bftntifuro ..........",.. T
87.7
Puerto Principe
The small proportion of persons in such families in Habana was con-
nected with the large representation of very small and very large fam-
ilies, while in Pinar del Rio it was connected with the proportion of
large families, so great as to more than offset the very small number
of persons living alone.
These families having from 2 to 10 members may conveniently be
subdivided into three classes: Small families — that is, those having 2,
3, or 4 members; families of medium size — that is, those having 6, 6,
or 7 members, and large families — that is, those having 8, 9, or 10
members. The members of natural families, or families having
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116
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
between 2 and 10 members, in each province have been thus subdi-
vided, with results shown in the following table:
Province.
Habana, excladlnf? city
Habanacity
Matanzas
Finardel Rio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago de Cuba
Cuba
Absolute number of persons in fami-
lies of—
2 to 10
members.
2to4
mem-
bers, i. e.,
small
families.
163.214
193,750
173,897
143,388
75,559
302,665
287,535
1,840,008
bers, i. e.,
families
of medi-
um size.
56,011
80,912
62,838
38,608
28,805
97,126
84,028
443,828
6to7
8tol0
mem-
t>er8, i. e.,
larKe
families.
70,488
74,584
72,683
62,767
80,609
129.825
122,147
568,098
86,715
88.254
88,876
42,023
21.145
75.714
81,860
888,667
Percentage of persons in
families of 2 to 10 mem-
bers living in—
Small
families.
r4.8
41.8
36.1
26.9
81.5
32.1
29.2
Families
of medi-
um size.
88.1
43.2
38.5
41.8
43.8
40.5
42.9
42.5
42.0
Large
famine
familiea.
22.5
19.7
22.1
29.3
28.0
26.0
28.3
24.9
Apparently the size of families among white and colored in Cuba
was about the same. For in the preceding table the percentages for
Santiago, where there were most colored, differed little from those for
Puerto Principe, where there were most whites.
Families of 2 to 4 members included about one-third of all the per-
sons living in families of 2 to 10 persons — that is, the great number of
such families just compensated for their small size. Large families on
the contrary, i. c, those with 8 to 10 members, were so few relatively
that the number of persons living in them was only one-fourth of the
total. The deficiency in this group must be made up, as it is, in the
group of mediiun-sized families, 5 to 7 members, in which over two-
fifths of the population in the entire group lived.
The following table shows the proportion of the total population of
Cuba living in families of specified size, and for puiposes of compari-
son columns have been added giving the same ratios for the United
States and Porto Rico:
Number of members in family.
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11+
Total
Average size of family
Per mille of total population
livinff In families with
specined number of mem-
bers.
Cuba.
19
64
98
120
126
122
109
90
70
52
130
1,000
4.8
Porto
Rico.
8
48
86
116
136
135
122
102
81
68
116
United
States
(1890).
1.000
6.3
7
68
101
168
141
136
121
96
69
66
67
1,000
4.9
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SIZE OF FAMILIBS AND MABITAL CONDITION. 117
In comparing Cuba with the United States, as one may from the
figures of the preceding table, it appears that the average size of the
family in Cuba was somewhat less than in America. Small families
of 1 or 2 members and also very large families of 11 members or
above were more common in Cuba, while families of medium range,
from 3 to 10 (with a slight exception at 9), were more common in
the United States. The smaller average size of the family in Cuba
was apparently due to the great number of families of one or two
membera
The differences which appear from a comparison of Cuba with Porto
Rico are similar but somewhat more sharp. Small families — that is,
those of from 1 to 4 members — and also large families of over 11
members, were relatively more numerous in Cuba than in Porto Rico,
while, on the other hand, families of from 6 to 10 members were more
prevalent in Porto Rico. In both these islands the proportion of
persons living in very large families was about double what it was in
the United States.
MARITAL CONDITION.
(See Tables XV to XVIII. )
A natural family, in distinction from groups of persons called fam-
ilies only by the census, usually originates when a man and a woman
begin to live with each other and apart from their kindred. If the
man or the woman goes to live with the kindred of the other party,
the census does not regard this as a new family. Under American
law such a commencement of cohabitation is usually preceded by an
expression of social approval on the union in the form of a marriage
ceremony, civil or religious. American legislation tends to encourage
such public announcement of the intent of the parties by making the
ceremony easy and inexpensive. American courts also incline to
hold parties married, if they were legally able to marry and intended
to do so, even though they did not meet all the requirements of the
law. For example, emancipated slaves in the United States have
usually been held to be married to the persons with whom they were
cohabiting and the court has not insisted that a ceremony should be
proved. The Spanish law, on the contrary, like the law of most Catholic \
countries, holds that a ceremony of marriage is necessary to institute \^
a lawful relation of husband and wife, and under its provisions the
intent of the parties is by no means so decisive a factor as it is undef
American decisions.
As a result of the transitional condition of affairs in Cuba when the
present census was taken, a class of persons has been recognized who
would not be legal husband and wife, or legal parent and child, under
Spanish law, but in most cases would be under American law. These
are persons who were living together as husband and wife without
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118 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
legal sanction of their union and also the duldren of such persons.
While this census thus recognizes a marital class in addition to such
as ordinarily appears in statistical returns, it omite one dass commonly
reported — that of divorced persons. The reason for this is that divorce
is not allowed by Spanish or Cuban law. The classes which do appear
are (1) the single, within which is included everyone who has never been
lawfully married and who on the census day was not living without
legal sanction as the husband or wife of another; (2) those living
together by mutual consent but without sanction of law as husband
and wife; (3) those living together in lawful wedlock, and (4) those
who have been lawfully married, but whose marriage before the census
day had been ended by the death of the other party. These may be
roughly classed as the never married, the partlv married, the fully mar-
ried, and the widowed.
The married.
From the point of view of the family, perhaps the primary group
among these four is the lawfuUy married. The number of such persons
reported by the present census is 246,351, or between one-sixth and one-
seventh (15. 7 per cent) of the total population. The only two preceding
censuses, we believe, in which the same information was reported
are those of 1841 and 1861. In 1841 8 per cent and in 1861 16.5 per
cent of the population were married. The proportion of married
^has thus decreased slightly in the last thirty -eight years — a decrease
the more surprising when one considers that during the same period,
as shown in the discussion of sex (p. 81), the relative number
of females has rapidly increased, and the sexes become much more
nearly equal in numbers. As the present proportion of children in
Cuba is below that in 1861, the proportion of married to the adult
population has decreased faster than these figures would indicate.
The present proportion is somewhat less than that in Porto Rico (16.6
per cent) and less than half that in the United States in 1890 (35.7 per
cent). As the attitude of American law toward marriage is widely
different from that of Spanish law, it may^ bp^fgjr^r tr> r;'.0TPpHre (j^u^^
conditions in this regard with thoselof Catholic. £aux4». In every
one of the great countries in Europe except Ireland and Scotland the
proportion of married persons in the total population is at least twice
what it is in Cuba. The same is true of Mexico, where, by the census
of 1896, 31 per cent were reported as married. Among the other West
Indian islands too, for which information is obtainable, notwithstanding
the great proportion of negroes in many of them, and the readiness of
members of that recently emancipated race to establish a family with-
out an initial ceremony of marriage, the proportion of married is some-
what higher than in Cuba — Martinique (10.8 per cent married) and
Trinidad (14.4 per cent married) being the only exceptions. If, as is
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THE MABBIED.
119
commonly asserted, a low proportion of married usually witnesses to
poverty and distress, the proportion in Cuba, lower tlian almost any-
where else and lower than in 1861, may be partly due to her recent
economic disasters.
The proportion of married to population varied in the provinces of
Cuba as appears from the following table:
Province.
Puerto Principe
Habana (excluding city)
Habana city
Santa Clara
PinardelRio
Matanzas
Santiago ,
Cuba
Per cent of
population
married.
19.5
18.8
17.8
16.0
16.7
18.4
12.3
16.7
The two adjoining eastern provinces had respectively the lowest
and highest proportions of married. Some reasons for this difference
will appear later.
Whether the married persons in Cuba were f oimd more in cities or in
the country is shown by the following table:
District.
Total popula-
tion.
491, 6(M
1,061,293
Married.
Number.
Per
cent
Fourteen cities
82,226
164,128
16.7
16.3
Rest of island
This seems to show that marriage was more common in the urban
districts of Cuba. But such a difference might arise from a grouping
of the cities mainly in provinces where marriage was most conounon.
Hence in the foUowing table the analysis is pushed one step failher:
Province.
Per cent married in-
Urban dis-
tricts.
Rural dis-
tricts.
Habana
17.7
16.8
14.9
19.7
16.1
14.0
19.1
12.4
16.6
19.4
16.2
12.0
Matansas
Pinardel Rio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago ,
Cuba
16.6
16.0
This table brings to light differences between the provinces which
were hidden in the summary. In two provinces, Habana and Santa
Clara, marriage was more prevalent in the rural districts; in the other
four the reverse was true. Puerto Principe and Habana led in propor-
tion of mai*ried, both in the urban and in the rura) districts, and in
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120
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
both classes Santiago was the last But in the other three provinces the
position of the urban groups did not agree with that of the rural
population.
In the proportion of married to the total population, the cities stood
as follows:
city.
Regla
Puerto Principe
Habana
Pinardel Rio...
Cardenas
Cienfuegoa
Matanxas
Per cent
married.
City.
21.0
19.7
17.8
17.2
16.6
16.0
15.4
dancti Spiritofl . .
Trinidad
Ooanabacoa
Santa Clara
Sagua la Grande
Santiago
Manzanillo
Percent
married.
15.4
15.2
14.7
14.2
13.5
1S.S
11.7
The relatively high proportion of manned in the capital and its
suburb, Regla, and the low position of the two cities in Santiago
province ai'e noteworthy. But why Guanabacoa should rank so much
below the other two cities of Habana province or the cities of Matan-
zas and Santa Clara provinces should come next to those of Santiago
does not appear.
The married classified hy sex. — Among the married 125,067 were
males and 121,284 were females. The proportion of each sex who
were married is shown in the following table:
Sex.
Total.
Married.
Number.
Per
cent
Males
815,205
757,592
125,067
121,284
15.3
16.0
Females
The proportion of married women to the total of that sex was above
the proportion of married men, and, if one assumes that the number
of men having lawful wives on the island was no greater than the
reported number of married women, the ratio of such men to all
males (14.9 per cent) was over 1 per cent below that of the married
women to all females. The excess in the number of married males
was found mainly in Habana province, about seven-tenths of it being _
concentrated there. This fact suggests that the excess of husbands
was probably due to the immigration of married men without their
wives. The only previous census giving comparable facts is that of
1861. At that time 14.8 per cent of the males and 18.7 per cent of the
females were married, and the difference between the two sexes was
over five times what it now is. The change is doubtless connected
with the growing numerical equality between the sexes. ^
The irva/rried classified hy age, — Marriage never extends throughthe
entire life. All persons are bom single and probably only a minoiWy
attain adult year's and marry. The age at which marriage occur
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\
CENSUS OF CUBA, 1 899
OV€
s
4
t
i
1
Unde
I
I'ndi
rnd
CUBA
CONJUGAL CONDITION BY RACE, SEX, AND AGE
TOTAL POPULATION
MALE FEMALE
I I SINGLE C 31
LIVING TOGETHER BY MUTUAL CONSENT
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THE MARRIED CLASSIFIED BY AGE.
121
varies with sex, class, and social customs. Of the minority who
marry half become widows or widowers before their own death. The
likelihood of this separation increases with age. Hence, it is of
fundamental importance to study the age composition of the married.
It is usual to assume that marriage does not begin with either sex
until the age of 15. In fact the present census showed 67 persons under
15 to be married, but probably some of these are enumerators' errors.
When the children under 15 are excluded, the proportion between
those of marriageable age and those actually married becomes more
significant. It is as follows:
Country.
Cuba 995,761
Porto Rico 584,941
United states (1890) t 40,880,050
Population
15 years and
over.
Married.
Total.
246,351
168,570
22,329,990
Per
cent.
24.7
29.6
56.3 I
In a former paragraph (p. 118) it was shown that the proportion of
married in Cuba was slightly below that in Porto Rico and lower than
anywhere else in the West Indies except Trinidad and Martinique.
From this table it appears that when adults alone are considered the
difference between Porto Rico and Cuba is increased, since Cuba had
few and Porto Rico very many young children. In Trinidad, if the
Eajst Indians be excluded, the proportion of married in the adult
population (29 per cent) was decidedly greater than in Cuba, so that
among adults marriage is apparently less common in Cuba than else
where in the West Indies except Martinique.
The following table shows the number of persons living in each age
group and the number and per cent reported as married:
Age period.
Number of
persons.
Married.
Per cent
married
in United
States
(1890).
Number.
Per
cent.
1&-19
178,086
152,959
137,405
118, 812
185,056
117,528
68,182
87,699
85
6,758
23,496
39,638
44,060
72,637
38.788
16,381
5,024
8
3.2
15.4
28.8
37.1
39.8
33.0
24.0
14.9
9.4
5.0
32.8
61.7
75.3
80.0
79.3
71.8
63.3
83.1
20-24
25-29
8(^-34
35-44
4^-54
55-64
65+
Unknown
Total
996,761
246,284
24.7
56.8
From this table it appears that the relative number of married among
Cubans between 15 and 20 was rather more than half what it was in
the United States; that from 20 to 45 the number was very close to
half, but at later periods it diminished until it was between one-third
and one-foui*th the American proportion.
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122
RKPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF OUBA, 1899.
Early marriage was apparently somewhat more common in Cuba
relative to the total number of marriages than in the United States.
Of the total number married 2.4 per cent were below 20 years of age
while in the United States the corresponding per cent was only 1.5.
The maximum proportion of married was in the age period 35-44,
at which about two persons out of every five were married. The low
proportion of married in the later age periods may be a result of the
fact that when such persons were young the obstacles to marriage
were greater owing to the high ratio of males, since forty years ago
nearly three-fifths of all whites on the island were male.
As the number of married at each age period varies widely accord-
ing to sex, the analysis of provinces will be given in detail under the
topic of age and sex. In the following table the per cent of all adults
(15+) who were married is given by provinces. As it has previously
been shown that the married were most numerous in Puerto Principe
and least numerous in Santiago, similar relations may be expected to
appear in the present table.
Province.
Percent
of adults
(15+) who
were mar-
ried.
Percent of
population
of all a^es
who were
married.
Puerto Principe
a4.1
28.6
26.8
25.0
24.8
21.8
20.6
19.5
18.8
16.7
16.0
17.8
12.3
18.4
Habana (excludinsf city )
Plnar del Rio
Santa Clara
Habana (city)
Santiago
Matanzas
Cuba
24.7
16.7
One-fourth of all persons over 15 were married and the fraction varies
from one-fifth in. Matanzas to one-third in Puerto Principe. In the
United States one-half the adults (66.3 per cent) were married. The
large proportion of married in Puerto Principe is obscured in the last
column above by the very large proportion of persons under 15 in
that province. Among its adults Matanzas had fewer married than
Santiago. Habana city, having relatively very few children, makes a
better showing, therefore, in the last column above than the facts
warrant when analyzed by age. The first column above shows the
proportion of adults in Habana city to be almost exactly the same as
the average for the whole island.
Tlie married classified hy sex amd a^e. — It is a familiar fact that men
usually marry several years later in life than women. Hence it is
important to supplement the foregoing analysis by one which exam-
ines the marital condition of the two sexes separately by age periods,
as is done in the following table. The figures for the United States
are introduced for pui*poses of comparison.
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THE MABBIED CLASSIFIED BY SEX.
123
Age period
Per cent married in
Cuba among total
of age and sex speci-
fied.
Per cpnt married in
United States (1890)
among total of age
and sex specified.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
15-19
.2
6.5
20.0
84.3
+42.1
89.4
81.6
23.1
10.6
6.0
25.9
38.8
+40.4
35.8
25.3
16.0
6.7
7.2
.5
18.9
62.7
71.3
80.9
+84.3
82.3
70.5
28.1
9.5
20-24
46.7
25-29
71.4
30-S4
79.8
96-44
+80.6
45-64
73.9
65-64
60.4
65+
35.4
CdIedowh
41.9
Aliases
16.3
16.0
34.9
36.4
The highest ratio of married men was found between 35 and 45, while
the highest ratio of married women was found between 30 and 35. In
the United States the highest ratio for men was tenyeara and for women
five years later. The ratio of married men 20-24 years old was less
than one-third what it was in the United States, while the ratio of mar-
ried women 15-24 years old was more than one-half what it was in the
United States. This suggests that the early marriages just shown to
be somewhat more conmion in Cuba than in the United States may be
marriages in which only the bride is especially youthful and that early
marriages of men may be no more common than in the United States.
To test this the per cent that the married men under 26 years of age
made of all married men and the married women under 20 made of all
married women is shown in the following table:
Per cent that married persons of sex and age specified made of married persons of sex
specified but aU ages.
Country.
Males
under 26.
Females
under 20.
Cub*
3.6
5.4
4.7
8.5
United States (1890)
The marriage of women under 20 in Cuba was more common, rela-
tive to the married of all ages, than in the United States, but the
marriage of men under 25 was decidedly less common. This difference
is doubtless a result of the recent economic disasters in Cuba, which
have greatly increased the difficulty of supporting a wife and family.
These disasters have apparently delayed the marriage of men, but
perhaps not of women. The early marriages of women may no doubt
be connected with a fact to appear from analysis of the occupation
tables (p. 157), that the proportion of women engaged in gainful occu-
pations was smaller in Cuba than in Porto Rico or the United States.
The married^ clarified hy sex andage^ by provinces, — In the following
two tables the analysis of marriage by sex and age is extended to the
several provinces.
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124
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Per cent married, liy provinces and age jyeriod*.
MALES.
Age period.
Habana
city.
0.8
6.5
17.7
80.2
41.9
43.6
87.8
82.0
11.1
Habana,
excluding
city.
MaUnsas.
0.1
4.2
17.6
ao.6
87.2
30.2
20.6
14.6
8.8
Pinar del
Rio.
Puerto
Principe.
Santa
Clara.
0.2
4.5
18.6
84.1
42.5
86.9
26.2
17.7
Santiago.
16-19
0.2
7.8
26.3
• 42.1
49.5
45.5
87.9
26.1
5.9
0.2
6.1
20.8
87.8
45.0
44.7
38.3
24.7
0.3
7.7
26.1
44.4
55.5
58.7
47.7
82.1
0.1
20-24
5.4
25-29
19.3
30-34
31.1
35-44
35.4
45-54
85.8
55-64
82.3
65+
27.0
Unknown
27.3
15+
24.2
27.5
20.0
24.8
8».5
23.2
22.3
FEMALES.
16-19
6.0
24.3
35.5
89.1
85.5
25.2
14.9
5.8
7.1
29.4
45.1
46.9
41.0
29.0
19.0
7.2
8.7
19.9
83.6
85.4
80.7
2L4
11.5
5.2
7.1
26.9
39.8
40.8
89.9
81.1
19.4
9.2
8.7
37.0
60.6
54.1
49.8
87.8
23.9
11.3
5.8
27.7
42.5
43.8
38.6
25.3
13.9
6.9
5.5
20.24
23.4
25-29
33.7
30-34
83.1
35-44
28.8
45-54
20.5
55-64
12.6
65+
6.8
Unknown
20.0
15+
25.4
29.6
21.1
27.7
34.7
27.1
21.2
The highest proportion of married in each sex and at each age
was in Puerto Principe, the single exception being among the males,
25-29. At that period a few more males were married in Habana
province outside the capital than in Puerto Principe. The smallest
proportion of married at the extremes of life, 15-29 and 55+ (or 45+
for males), was found for both sexes in Matanzas. For the intervening
age periods the smallest proportion was found, with one slight excep-
tion, in Santiago. The women 30-54 years old in 1899 were all under
35 when the ten-years' war, which was fought mainly in the eastern
part of the island, ended by the capitulation of El Zanjon. Hence
they lived through the years in which marriage usually occurs amidst
confusion and struggle that doubtless postponed or prevented many
marriages. This may explain in part the low proportion of married
women 30-54 years of age in Santiago.
Among men the highest proportion of married was usually in the
period 35-44, but in the city of Habana and in Santiago it was in the
later period, 45-54. Among women the highest proportion was in the
group 30-34, but in Santiago it fell five years earlier. This suggests
that there was probably a wider average difference in Santiago than
elsewhere between the ages of husband and wife.
T/ie married classified h/rcwe, — In a previous table (p. 119) it appeared
that the mtio of married to population was higher in Puerto Principe
and lower in Santiago than in any other province. It had already
appeared (p. 96) that the proportion of whiter was higher in Puerto
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CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
CUBA
CONJUGAL CONDITION
SINGLE im LIVING TOGETHER BY MUTUAL CONSENT
MARRIED i j WIDOWED «,<*,. o.
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THE MARRIED CLASSIFIED BY RACE.
125
Principe and lower in Santiago than in any other province. This sug-
gests that white blood and lawful marriage Aiay be related phenomena.
The following table shows that they vary togetherthrough the provinces:
Province.
Puerto Principe ,
Habana (excluding city)
Habana city
Santa Clara
Pinardel Rio ,
Matanzas
Santiago
Per cent of total
population.
Married.
White.
19.5
79.8
18.8
76.4
17.8
71.4
16.0
68.6
16.7
72.6
18.4
68.3
12.3
65.3
Hence it seems probable that legal marriage in Cuba was more com-
mon among the whites than among the colored. The following table
raises the probability to a certainty:
Race.
White..
Colored.
Total popu-
lation.
1,052,397
520,400
Lawfully married. I
Number.
Per
cent.
214,543
31,808
20.4
6.1 1
1
Legal marriage was more than thrice as general among the whitens as
among the colored. But even among the whites it was not much more
than half as general as it was in the United States. In two former cen-
suses, those of 1841 and 1861, comparable returns have been made.
From them the following table has been compiled:
Per cent married among total population.
White..
Colored.
1841.
10.4
6.2
22.8
8.1
20.4
6.1
In both races marriage is less frequent than forty years ago.
In the following table the analysis of the subject by race is extended
to the provinces:
Province.
Habana (excluding city)
Habana city
Matanzas
Pinar del Rio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba '.
Per cent married. |
Whites. Colored. I
22.6
22.7
21.1
19.2
21.4
20.3
16.6
20.4
6.7
5.7
2.6
6.3
12.1
6.6
7.1
6.1
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126
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
When the propoi'tion of married in each province is obtained for the
two races separately, it appears that white and black were affected by
different influences. The highest proportion of married for the whites
was not in Puerto Principe, but in and around the capital, and the pro-
portion in the other provinces, except Santiago, was not much below
that in Puerto Principe. In this last province the high relative num-
ber of married is due in great measure to the fact that the married
among the colored are almost twice as many as in any other province.
Matanzas and Puerto Principe furnish a striking contrast. In each the
married whites were about one-fifth the total whites, but among the
Puerto Principe colored one in eight were married, and in Matanzas
only one in thirty -eight.
In the following table the analysis of the prevalence of lawful
marriage by race has been extended to the fourteen cities separately
reported:
District
Fourteen cities separately reported.
Rest of Cuba
Per cent of married
among—
Whites. Colored.
21.4
19.0
7.0
5.7
With both race« marriage is slightly more common in cities than in
the rural districts, but the difference for the whites is greater than
for the colored.
The marri^ classified hy race m\d sex, — The following table shows
the number of married by race and sex:
Race and sex.
Total.
Married.
Number.
Percent,
White males
563,118
489,284
252,092
268,308
109,760
104,783
15,307
16,501
19.6
21.4
6.1
6.2
White females
Colored males
Colored females
This shows that the larger proportion of married among the females
already noted (p. 120) was confined ahnost entirely to the whites, and
supports the explanation offered that the excess was due mainly to the
immigration of husbands without their wives.
The tnxj/rrwd dassrjied hy race and age.— It has already appeared that
maiTiage was more than three times as common among whites as
among colored. The same was true of the people over 16 as appears
from the following:
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THE MARRIED CLASSIFIED BT RACE.
Per cent married in Mai aduU population (i5-|-).
127
Bace.
White..
Colored.
Per cent
married.
32.4
9.6
In the following table the per cents are given by provinces for each
race:
Per cent married in total adtdi populadon (lS-\'),
Province.
Habana (city)
Habana (excluding city)
Matanxaa
Pinardel Rio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cnba
Whites.
Colored.
34.5
8.0
81.8
9.9
88.1
8.9
81.5
10.5
88.4
19.1
82.3
9.8
29.8
12.4
82.4
9.6
Among both races marriage was much more common in Puerto Prin-
cipe than in any other province. But the difference was more marked
among the colored than among the whites. The proportion of married
among the colored adults of Puerto Principe was one-half greater
than in any other province. But among the white adults of that prov-
ince the married, while twice as numerous as among the colored, were
only about one-seventh more numerous than among the whites in
Habana city. Marriage was far more evenly distributed among whites
than among colored. In the province where it was most geneml (Puerto
Principe) it was less than one-third more conunon than among the
whites of the adjoining province of Santiago, where the proportion of
married whites was lowest But among the colored adults of Puerto
Principe marriage was almost five times as conunon as among the col-
ored adults of Matanzas. The table shows that the local influences
favorable to marriage differed widely for the two races. To show this
more, clearly the provinces may be arranged in the order of the preva-
lence of marriage among white and among colored adults as follows:
Provinces arranged in the order of increasing prevalence of marriage among —
White adults:
Santiago.
. Habana (excluding city).
Pinar del Rio.
Banta Clara.
Matanzas.
Habana (cit)r).
Pu^to Principe.
Colored adults:
Matanzas.
Habana (city).
Banta Clara.
Habana (excluding city).
Pinar del Rio.
Santiago.
Puerto Principe.
No relation whatever can be discerned between these two series.
Why should Santiago have few marriages among whites and many
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128
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
among colored, or Matnnzas few among t'olored and many among
whites if
The marrltd ehiHHiJif'd by race and sej* a fid age, — In the following
table the proportion of married in the adult population of each sex and
i*ace is stated.
Adult
population
(15+).
Married.
Rare aud Hex.
Number.
Per
cent. !
White malen
364,261
157.855
299.022
174,623
109,760
15.307
104.783
16,501
30.1
9.7
35.0
9.5
Colored malen
White females
Colored femalen
In preceding paragraphs it has appeared that the proportion of
married women in Cuba was slightly greater than the proiK)rtion of
married men (p. 120), and that this difference was confined to the whites
(p. 12()); that the difference between the sexes for the total population
was less than 1 per cent, but for the whites alone was nearly 2 per cent
The last table shows that for white adults the difference between the
two sexes was nearly 5 per cent.
In the following table the facts are given in the same way, by sex
and race for the seveml provinces.
Per cent ofadull j)opulalion (h'i-\-) of nex and race ^pecifiM who were married.
Provliu'c.
Habena (city)
Habana (exeludinK city)
MatanzHs
FlnardelRio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Males.
Femalea.
White.
28.4
Colored.
White.
Colored.
7.3
9.0
35.4
82.6
9.9
36.8
9.8
31.0
3 9
36.6
3 8
28.8
10.5
35.0
10.4
37.5
18.8
:«.4
19.4
29.4
9.2
36.0
10.4
28.9
13.1
29.8
11.9
From the preceding table it appears that among white adults the pro-
portion of married females was greater in each province than the pro-
portion of married males. Among colored adults in five of the seven
provinces the reverse was true. The difference is due to the excess of
males among white adults and of females among colored adults. In all
monogamous countries, if either sex is decidedly in the minority, it is
almost sure to have a larger proportion of married than the sex which
outnumbers it. Among the white adults of Cuba 54.9 per cent were
male, but among the colored adults only 47.6 per cent wei-e male.
Hence the chance of marriage in the one race is greater among females,
and in the other greater among males. This excess of males among
white adults appeared in every province of Cuba, and accordingly the
higher proj^ortion of married among females was equally general. The
excess of females among colored adults api^eared in five of the seven
Digitized by VjOOQIC
THE MABBIED CLASSIFIED BY BAOE.
129
divisions, and in each of these five the proportion of married was higher
among colored males. Santa Clara had more colored men than women,
and accordingly, in that province, the proportion of married was higher
among colored women. In Puerto Principe, while the women were
slightly in excess (51.7 per cent) among colored adults, the slight dif-
ference was probably offset by the earlier age at which women marry.
In the following table the facts for all Cuba are given by sex and
^i-ace and eight age periods.
Per cent of married in population group o/seXy race, and age specified.
Age period.
Males,
Females.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
15-19
0.2
6.2
28.1
40.4
61.0
64.7
52.6
44.2
12.6
0.1
8.8
10.3
16.4
.17.7
12.7
8.8
7.0
6.9
7.6
88.4
61.1
64.8
60.0
87.6
28.1
10.9
16.7
2.6
10.8
16.7
14.9
12.8
8.0
6.1
2.8
20-24
26-29
30-34
86-14
45-64
65-64
65+
Unknown
Total adults (16+)
80.1
9.7
86.0
9.6
Marriage was about 3.1 times as general among white men as among
colored men, but 3.7 times as general among white women as among
colored women, the difference being due, as just explained, to the excess
of white men and of colored women in Cuba. Taking these ratios as
the standard, it appears from the preceding table that prior to the age
of 30, and for males prior to the age of 45, the proportion of married
among colored was uniformly higher than when all ages are included.
This suggests that relatively to the white the generation of colored
which has grown up since emancipation have entered upon legal mar-
riage rather more commonly than their parents did. The difference
may also be connected with the excess of males among the aged col
ored. At each of the age periods above 46 the colored males outnum-
bered the females. There were 12,897 colored persons born in Africa
reported by this census (Table XI), the great majority in the higher age
groups, and nearly three-fifths (69 per cent) were males. Then, too,
there were 14,614 colored persons bom in China, most of whom also
belonged to the higher ages, and of these practically all (99.7 per
cent) were males. That, notwithstanding this difference, a larger pro-
portion of the colored men than of colored women at those ages were
married must be due to the marriage by old men of younger women.
Themarried clamjied ly place ofhwih. — ^The tables make it possible
to analyze the conjugal condition of the population of Cuba witn refer-
ence to one further element — nativity. This tabulation is confined to
the white race alone. The question may be asked: Was marriage
24062 9
Digitized by VjOOQIC
180
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
more common among native whites or foreign-bom whites? The
following table appears to give an answer:
Nativity.
ToUl
number.
Married.
Number.
Per
cent.
Native whites
910,299
142,098
169,854
45,189
18.6
31.8
Foreign-bom whites
These figures seem to show that marriage was far more common
among the foreign-born than among the native. But no such infer-
ence is warranted, because the inunigrant population of Cuba is com-
posed mainly of adults of marriageable age. Of the native white
population over two-fifths (42.1 per cent) were under 15 years of age,
while of the foreign-born whites only one twenty-fifth (4 per cent)
were in those age periods. When the children of both classes are
excluded the figures tell a different story, as follows:
Nativity.
Number of
adults 15
years and
over.
Married.
Number.
Per
cent.
Native whites
526,867
186,416
169,854
45,189
32.1
33.1
Foreign-bom whites
With this correction introduced it appears that the proportion of
married in the two classes was almost the same, but with the foreign-
ers slightly larger. As the difference is so slight, it may be affected
by the sex composition of the two classes. Hence that further classi-
fication is introduced in the table below:
NaUvity.
Number of
adults 16
years and
over.
Married. 1
1
Number.
Per
cent.
Native white males
251,655
112,606
275,212
23,810
75,454
34,306
93,900
10,883
80.0
80.5
84.1
45.7
Foreign-bom white males
Native wh i te females
Foreign-bom white females
The table seems to show that foreign-bom white men were married
in slightly greater proportion than native white men, and foreign-born
white women in far greater proportion than native white women; but
although all persons under 16 have been excluded, yet the adult native
whites must have had a far larger proportion than the foreign-bom
have in the ages 15-26, at which marriage is comparatively infrequent.
Hence the question can not be decisively answered until the proportion
of married for each age period is ascertained. This is done in the
Digitized by VjOOQIC
CJOKSENTUAL MABBIAGE8.
131
following table, and to economize attention only the per cents are
given:
Per cent married ofpopulaUon in teXy doss, and age specified.
Age period.
White males.
White females.
Native.
Foreign.
Native.
Foreign.
15-19
.3
7.2
27.3
45.6
54.1
66.9
62.8
62.8
8.8
.2
4.0
16.6
81.0
46.4
82.9
61.9
44.6
18.7
7.4
82.7
50.6
54.2
49.1
36.6
22.8
10.4
9.1
14.9
46.3
58.7
61.1
67.6
44.8
27.7
13.2
20-24
26-29
ao-S4
86-44
46-64
66-64
66-
Unknown ........ r . r r .... ^ ... ^
With this table a final answer is reached to the question under
examination. At every age period the native white men were married
in greater proportions than the inmaigrant white men, but the immigrant
white women were married in greater proportions than the native white
women. This doubtless means that a large proportion of the women
who have gone to Cuba from elsewhere have gone with their husbands.
PERSONS LIVING TOGETHER AS HUSBAND AND WIFE BY MUTUAL
CX)N8ENT.
On the schedules in the present census there are many cases in
which a man and woman of about the same age were reported as occu-
pying the same house but as bearing different names and standing in
no admitted relations to each other. In most cases the census family
included one or more children bearing the woman's name. All such
census families were tabulated as cases of persons cohabiting as
husband and wife without formal legal sanction upon the union, and
the children were tabulated as technically illegitimate. Any one
familiar with Cuban life knows that in certain classes and regions such
unions are frequent and often as permanent and secure as good care
and nurture for the children as if the law had sanctioned the rela-
tion. It was impossible to detect from the schedules every such case,
and in some few instances persons may have been assigned to this
class by an error, but probably whatever mistakes occurred have
usually been of omission. This is the first time that such a return has
ever been tabulated, and therefore no comparisons can be made with
past Cuban censuses or with censuses of other countries except Porto
Rico. The returns for these two countries under this head were as
follows:
Oonntry.
Total popu-
lation.
Living
mutual
consent.
Per cent
living
together.
Cub*
1,672.797
963,248
181,732
84,241
8.4
8.8
Porto Rioo
Digitized by VjOOQIC
132
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF OUBA, 1899.
In each country about 1 person in 12 was living in such relations, but
the proportion was slightly less in Cuba than in Porto Rico. A fairer
comparison may be made with the married couples. For every two
lawful unions there is one union by mutual consent.
The several provinces of Cuba have the following proportions of
pei*8ons living together by mutual consent:
Province.
Puerto Principe .
Habana ,
Pinar del Rio
Santa Clara
Matanzas
Santiago de Cuba
Total popu-
lation.
88,284
424.804
178,064
202,444
827,716
Living together by
mutual conient.
Number.
8,506
28,780
12,886
26,607
20,942
88,662
Per
cent.
8.9
6.8
7.2
7.6
10.4
12.1
Reference to a preceding table shows that the provinces arranged
as above in the order of increasing proportion of persons living
together agree closely with the provinces arranged in the order of
decreasing proportion of married (p. 119). The two are brought
together in the following table:
Province.
Percent
living to-
gether SB
huBband
and wife by
mutual
consent
Puerto Principe
Habana
Pinar del Rio. . .
Santa Clara
Matanuw
Santiago
Cuba
8.9
6.8
7.2
7.6
10.4
12.1
8.4
Percent
legally
married.
19.6
18.8
16.7
16.0
18.4
12.8
16.7
Percent
belonging
to either
23.5
26.1
22.9
23.6
28.8
24.4
24.0
In Santiago there were three times as many of these unions as in the
adjoining province of Puerto Principe, but as an offset there were in
Santiago less than two-thirds as many married persons as in the neigh-
boring province.
The figures for the 14 cities separately reported are as follows:
City.
Cardenas
Cienfucgos
Guanabucoa
Habana
ManzanlHo
Matanzas
Pinar del Rio..
Puerto Principe
Per cent
living
together.
7.3
8.4
8.0
7.7
10.0
7.7
7.7
3.1
City.
Regla
SagualaQrande.
Sancti Spiritus . .
Santa Clara
Santiago
Trinidad
Total cities
Percent
living
together.
6.3
9.0
S.7
6.9
7.7
6.2
7.4
Digitized by VjOOQIC
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
0ON8ENTUAL MARRIAGES.
133
In 9 of the 14 cities the relative number of persons living together
was less than in the entire province containing the city, while in 5
cities it was greater. The difference between urban and rural pop-
ulation in this regard is summarized in the following two tables for
the island and its provinces:
Population.
Living together by
mutual comment.
Number.
Per
cent.
14 cities aep&rately reported
491,504
1,081,293
36,600
96,232
7.4
8.8
Rest of Cuba
Total
1,672,797
131,732
8.4
This is not a conclusive proof that the cities have a smaller propor-
tion of persons living together than the surrounding rural districts,
for the cities are massed in the western central part of the island.
Hence it seems best to treat the urban and rural districts of each prov-
ince separately, as is done in the following table:
Province.
Per cent living together
by mutual consent-
In urban
districts.
In rural
districts.
Puerto Principe . .
3.1
7.7
7.7
7.2
7.6
8.2
4.3
5.3
7.1
7.5
11.5
12.9
Habana
Pinardel Rio
Santa Clara
Mfttanisas . . . .
BAntiago ................ ... . . . x . x. ........ .
The relative number of persons living together without being law-
fully married was greater in the four cities of Pinar del Rio and Habana
provinces than in the rural districts, but elsewhere the cities had a
smaller number than the country. The rural districts of Matanzas
and Santiago are evidently the regions in which this mode of family
life is most prevalent.
There were 25 municipal districts out of 132, or nearly 1 in 5, in
which the number of consentual unions exceeded the number of legal
marriages. But only 1 of the 14 cities separately reported, Manza-
nillo, is included in any of the 25 districts. Three provinces, Puerto
Principe, Santa Clara, and Habana, had no such district. Pinar del
Rio had 3 adjoining each other on the north coast and Santiago had 11
stretching along the south coast from Niquero to Guantanamo. The
other 11 were in Matanzas.
Classification hy sex. — Of the 131,732 persons reported as living
together, 65,793 were males and 65,939 were females. As there were
over 50,000 more males than females in Cuba (p. 80), the proportion of
females living in marriage relations unsanctioned by law (8.7 per
cent) was greater than the proportion of males (8.1 per cent).
Digitized by VjOOQIC
134
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Cldsdjicdtion hy age. — Drawing the line at fifteen years between
those who were and those who were not old enough to marry one finds
the following result:
Country.
Total pop-
ulatfon
16+.
Uving together.
Number.
Per
cent
Cuba
995,761
534.941
181,732
84,241
13.2
Porto Rico
15.7
As the proportion of children under 15 was much less in Cuba than in
Porto Rico, the difference between the two islands already noted (p. 131)
was not clearly defined by the table there given, showing the propor-
tion of persons living together to the population of all ages. The
table just given is, therefore, a more exact measure of the difference
between the two islands. In the following table the figures for Cuba
are given by provinces:
Per cent of adults (16-\-) who were living together by mutual consent,
Puerto Principe 7.0
Ilabana (excluding city) 8. 4
Habana (city) 10.7
Santa Clara 11.7
PinardelRio 11.8
Matanzas 15. 9
Santiago 21.3
Cuba 13.2
There is but one difference between the order of the provinces here
and that in the table already given (p. 132). Among adults, as shown
in this table, Santa Clara had a slightly larger proportion of persons
living together than Pinar del Rio, while in the total population the
relation is reversed. It is due to the fact, brought out in the discus-
sion of the age tables (pw 91), that Pinar del Rio had more children and
fewer adults than Santa Clara.
In the following table the relative number of persons living together
by mutual consent to the total population is given for the several age
periods. For purposes of comparison a second column reports the
proportion of persons married in Cuba at the same age periods. As
both these classes together include probably about all who were married
either by mutual consent alone or with the sanction of the law, a third
column gives the proportion that the sum of these two classes makes
to the total population of the age named, and for comparative pur-
poses the figures for the United States are added in a fourth column.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OONSENTUAL MABBIAOES.
135
Age period,
Per cent
living to-
gether.
•Percent
married
Total.
Percent
married
in United
States.
16-19
2.6
9.5
14.6
17.9
19.1
17.7
15.2
12.4
4.7
8.2
15.4
28.8
87.1
89.8
83.0
24.0
14.9
9.4
5.8
24.9
48.4
• 66.0
68.4
60.7
89.2
27.8
14.1
6.0
82.8
61.7
76.8
80.8
79.3
71.8
68.8
83.1
20-24
25-29
80-84
86-44
46-54
65-64
65+
Unknown .....rr.r^.
Total 16+
13.2
24.7
87.9
65.3
It will be noticed that between the ages of 25 and 55 the proportion
of persons married was uniformly about double the proportion of per-
sons living together without marriage, but in the younger and older
age periods the proportion of persons living together to those married
was higher. The larger proportion between 15 and 25 suggests that
unions of this sort are entered upon at a somewhat younger age than
ceremonial marriage. This may best be tested by finding what pro-
portion of the total number of each class were under 25. Among the
married about one-ninth (11.9 per cent) were under 25, but of the
persons living together without a marriage ceremony about one-seventh
(14.6 per cent) were under 25.
The large proportion of persons over 65 who were living together by
mutual consent is probably connected with the presence in Cuba of
many aged negroes bom in Africa and imported before slavery was
abolished or the slave trade effectually suppressed. It is probable
that such persons before living together seldom go through a formal
ceremony of marriage. There were also many Chinese males in Cuba
and their median age was over 53 years. The same remark would hold
true of them. The decreasing proportion of colored to the total pop-
ulation of Cuba during the last forty years is also a factor to be con-
sidered in explaining the difference.
Classification hy o/ge and sex, — ^As the age during which marriage,
lawful or unlawful, occurs varies widely with the sex, it is important
to supplement the age analysis already given by one in which the sex
difference is also included. That is done in the following table, in
which the proportion of persons living together at each period and for
each sex is given. The proportions of persons married of the same
sex and the same age are added in parallel colunms, and as these two
together make up the total of persons living in any sort of marriage
relationship in Cuba, a third column gives the total, while a fourth
column gives the proportion of persons of the same sex and age
married in the United States in 1890. In each column the maximum
ratio is marked by a + prefixed.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
136
BBPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Males.
Females.
Age period.
Married.
Uving
together.
Total.
Married
males in
United
States
(1890).
Married.
Uving
together.
Total.
Married
females
in
United
States
(1890).
16-19
0.2
6.6
20.0
84.8
+42.1
89.4
81.6
28.1
0.4
6.6
12.2
16.8
18.9
+19.7
18.6
17.0
0.6
11.0
82.2
60.6
+61.0
69.1
60.1
40.1
0.6
18.9
62.7
71.8
80.9
+84.8
82.8
70.6
6.0
25.9
88.8
+40.4
86.8
26.8
16.0
6.7
4.6
18.8
17.4
+19.8
19.4
15.2
11.2
7.7
10.6
39.7
56.2
+60.2
65.2
40.6
26.2
U.4
9.5
20-24
46.7
26-29
71.4
79.8
86-44
+80.6
46-64
73.9
60.4
66+
85.4
Total 16+
24.0
12.6
86.6
64.1
26.6
18.9
89.5
56.8
In the preceding table it will be noticed that the maximum propor-
tion of persons married was reached in Cuba for each sex ten years
earlier than in the United States. It may be that this is a remote
result of the ten years' war, 1868-1878. It is a familiar fact that
marriages decrease during periods of war or serious economic calam-
ities. This fact is conspicuously illustrated by the vital statistics of
Cuba during the last ten years, discussed elsewhere in the present vol-
ume (Appendix XVIII). It is probable, therefore, that the number of
marriages in Cuba during the ten years 1868-1878 was materially
reduced and that the number of marriages celebrated after the capitu-
lation of El Zanjon was above the normal. Many men over 45 years
of age may have been prevented from marrying by the disturbances
during the years of their early manhood, and, on the contrary, men
between 35 and 44 would have been at the threshold of the age at
which marriage is most common, when peace returned to Cuba in 1878.
This hypothesis may also explain the proportion of children in Cuba
between 10 and 20, which was shown in the discussion of age (p. 85)
to be larger than in the United States or Porto Rico. Such children,
aside from the few immigrants, must have been born in Cuba between
1879 and 1888.
The preceding table shows that for every 100 married men over
15 years of age there were 52 living together by mutual consent
(126 -T- 240 =52. 5 per cent), and for every 100 married women over
15 years of age there were 54 living together by mutual consent. The
difference is due to the fact that the married men in Cuba outnumbered
by 3,783 the married women. The ratio of those living together by
mutual consent to the married was below the average for males
25 to 54 years of age and for females 20 to 44 years of age. The
proportion of persons living together by mutual consent was therefore
excessive in both sexes during the earlier and later years of life.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
CON8ENTUAL MLA.KBIAGES.
137
Cl(i8djication hy race, — ^The following table gives the fact« by i-ace
in the briefest way:
Race.
Population.
Persons living to-
gether by mutual
consent.
Number.
Per cent.
White
1,052,397
520,400
50,027
81,706
4.8
15.7
Colored
Total
1,572,797
131,732
8.4
Legal marriage has already (p. 125) been shown to be more than three
times as common among whites as among colored. The present table
shows that unions by mutual consent were more than three times acs
prevalent among colored as among whites. The comparison may be
made more clear by the following table:
Race.
Number
lawfully
married.
Persons living to-
gether by mutual
consent.
Number.
To each
100 mar-
ried.
White
214,543
31,808
50,027
81,705
23
257
Colored
Total
246,351
131,732
63
Of the total unions among whites 81 per cent were lawful marriages.
Of the total unions among colored 28 per cent were lawful marriages.
In the following table the facts are given by race for the several
provinces:
Province.
Habanacity
Habana (excluHive of city)
Matanzas
PinardelRlo
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Total
Whites,
Married.
Living
together by
mutual
consent.
38,247
32,500
24,907
24,131
16,057
49,6(M
80,097
214,543
7,807
3,819
8,762
6,263
2,220
9,507
16,649
60,027
Colored.
Married.
8,824
2.976
2,180
2,969
2,153
7,321
10,386
31,808
Living
together by
mutual
consent.
10,446
6,658
17,180
6,123
1,285
17,100
22,913
81,705
Living together to
each 100 married.
White.
Colored.
273
224
788
206
60
234
221
257-
This table brings out noteworthy differences between the several
provinces and shows that the differences do not run parallel for the
two races. Among whites the smallest proportion of consentual
unions to lawful marriages was in Habana province outside the city,
where only about 1 union in 9 was merely consentual. At the opposite
extreme comes Santiago, where among whites more than 1 union in
Digitized by VjOOQIC
138
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
3 was merely consentual. Next to Santiago, but at a long remore,
comes the province at the other end of the island, Pinar del Rio, where
about 1 union in 5 was by consent only. Among colored, the province
having the fewest merely consentual unions, Puerto Principe, had about
1 in 3, or rather more of such unions than the province of Santiago
had among whites. Next to Puerto Principe at a long interval comes
Pinar del Rio, where there were 2 unions by consent among colored for
each lawful marriage. Matanzas stands out conspicuously in the column
for colored, with nearly 8 consentual unions for 1 legal marriage, a
proportion about thrice as great as in any other province. It is note-
worthy that the provinces in which this form of married life was least
common among colored, Puerto Principe and Pinar del Rio, are those
in which the colored formed the smallest proportion of the population,
and the province in which consentual unions were most common
among whites, Santiago, is the one in which the whites are but little
more than half the population.
In the following table the facts are given separately for urban and
rural Cuba, and as the conditions in Habana city are often widely dif-
ferent from the average conditions in other Cuban cities, urban Cuba
has been subdivided into Habana and the remaining 13 cities separately
reported:
White.
Colored.
Living together to
each 100 married.
Division.
Married.
Living
together by
mutual
consent
Married.
Living
together by
mutual
consent.
White.
Colored.
Hftbana city
38,247
82,142
144,164
7.807
7,167
35,068
8,824
8,013
19,971
10,446
11,080
60,179
20
22
24
278
Thirteen other cities
138
Rest of Cuba
301
This table shows that among both races consentual unions were most
common in the rural districts, but that for the white race the minimum
of such unions was found in Habana city, while for the colored race
the minimum was in the other 13 cities, and that the proportion of
consentual unions among colored, both in the rural districts and in
Habana, is double the average for the other cities. It will be of
interest to see whether the same relation holds when both consentual
unions and lawful marriages are compared with the population. This
comparison is made in the following table:
Division.
Population.
Married.
Living together.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
Habana citv
168.433
169,646
724,319
67,548
96,878
856,974
38,247
82,142
144,164
8,824
8,018
19,971
7,807
7,167
86,063
10,446
Thirteen other cities
11.080
Rest of Cuba
60,179
Total
1,062,897
620,400
214,648
81,808
60,027
81,706
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OONSENTUAL MABBIAOES. 189
From the preceding table the following percentages are computed:
DivlBioii.
Per cent married.
Per cent living
together.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
Habazut city
22.7
20.1
19.9
5.7
8.4
6.6
4.6
4.5
4.8
15.5
11.6
16.9
Thirteen otner cities
Rest of Cuba
Total
20.4
6.1
4.8
15.7
This table confirms the preceding in showing that for both races
consentual unions were most common in the rural districts. An appar-
ent difference of result between the two methods is that the former
indicated that among whites consentual unions were least common in
Habana city while this table fixes the minimum of such unions in
the 13 other cities. The two may be reconciled by noticing that the
proportion of married to population among whites in Habana was
decidedly greater than in the other cities. Hence when the consentual
unions are compared with the numevDus legal marriages as in the fii*st
table, they appear fewer than they do when compared with the popu-
lation. These secondary cities had the smallest proportion of con-
sentual unions for each race, but by an interesting anomaly they had
the largest proportion of married among the colored. It may be that
the social standards or economic situation of the colored in these
cities is somewhat higher than elsewhere, or it may be that the cities
lie mainly in the center of the island and reflect the average condi-
tions in their immediate vicinity. The last possibility may be tested
by the following table:
Urban papulation.
DiviBion.
Population.
White. Colored.
Married.
White. Colored.
Living together.
White. Colored.
Guanabacoa, Regla, and Habana city . . .
Cardenaa and Matanzaa
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe
Cienfuegofl, Sitfua la Grande. Sancti Spir-
ituf. Santa Clara, and Trinidad
Manzanillo and Santiago
Total
186,916
38,618
5,933
17,788
50,874
27,961
74,394
19,696
2,947
7,314
29,471
29,608
42,292
8,248
1,178
3,987
9,629
5,066
4,216
992
146
2,485
3,029
8.610
1,430
318
418
2,510
1,688
11,469
2,992
368
867
8.274
3,066
828,079
163,425
70,389
11,837
14.974
21,526
The following table shows the same facts in the form of percentages:
Per cent urban population.
Division.
Married.
White. Colored.
Living together.
White. Colored.
Gnanabacoa, R^la, and Habana city
Cardenas and MatanxaA
PinardelRio
Poerto Principe
CienfuegoSjSagua la Grande, Sancti Spirltus, Santa Clara,
andlTlnidaa
Manzanillo and Santiago
22.6
21.4
19.9
22.4
18.9
18.1
6.7
5.0
4.9
13.2
8.4
10.2
4.6
3.7
5.4
2.3
4.9
6.0
15.4
15.2
12.5
5.0
11.1
10.3
Digitized by VjOOQIC
140 BEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
In the following table are shown the facts for the rural population:
Rural populalion.
Province.
Popnlation.
Married.
Living together.
White.
125,675
79.291>
119,r.92
52. .-.99
19:^ .H94
153, 159
Colored.
37,820
64,831
44, 492
10.533
82.297
117,002
White.
Colored.
2,583
1.188
2,823
1.184
4,836
7.357
White.
Colored,
Habana
28,455
16,659
22,963
11,070
89,975
26,042
8,016
2,332
6,945
1,802
6,997
14,961
5.636
14, I*
5 7.S.S
MatanzaM
IMnardfl Hio
PiierU> Principe
9Is
Santa Clara
13.836
19,857
Santiago
Total
724,318
356,975
144, IM 10 071
85,053
60,179
'
Below appe>ar the percentages derived from this table:
IW cent runtl ixtpuialion.
Province.
Habana
Matanzaa
Pinardel Rio...
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Married.
Living together.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
'22.6
6.8
2.4
14.9
21.0
1.8
2.9
21.9
19.2
6.3
5.0
12.9
21.0
11.2
8.4
8.7
20.6
5.9
3.6
16.8
16.4
6.3
9.8
17.0
This table incidentally reveals the proportion of white and of colored
in the urban and rural districts of Cuba. The results may be stated as
follows:
Division.
Per cent of—
White.
Colored.
Habana city
72.4
62.6
67.0
28.6
37.4
83.0
Thirteen other cities . .
Rural district*
The whites were most numerous in Habana city, the colored in the
13 other cities of Cuba. In the following table the proportion of each
race is given for the urban and rural districts of each province:
Province.
Per cent of whites in-
Per cent of colored in-
Urban dis-
tricts.
Rural dis-
tricts.
Urban dis-
tricts.
Rural diB-
tricts.
Habana
71.6
66.3
66.8
70.9
G3.3
48.6
76.9
65.1
73.0
83.2
70.2
66.7
28.4
83.7
83.2
29.1
86.7
61.4
23.1
44.9
27.0
16.8
29.8
43.8
Matanzas
Pinardel Rio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara. . .
Santiago
In every province of Cuba except Matanzas the whites were most
largely represented in the rural districts and the colored in the urban
districts. The preeminence of Ilabana city in its proportion of white»,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
CON8ENTUAL MARRIAGES.
141
when compared with the other cities or the rural districts as a whole,
disappears when it is compared with tiie urban districts of Habana,
Pinar del Rio, or Puerto Principe provinces. It is probable that the
migration of colored from rural districts to cities in quest of employ-
ment has exercised greater influence even in Habana upon the distribu-
tion of population than the migration of whites from abroad.
Returning to an examination of the tables (pp. 139, f ) with reference
to the question they were immediately designed to answer, it appe^irs
that among the colored in the four eastern provinces marriage was
more common in the cities than in the country, and that in Matanzas
the difference was at its maximum. But in the two western provinces
marriage was more common among the rural population. Among the
whites the proportion of married was greater in cities except in Habana
province, where it was the same for city and country, and in* Santa
Clai-a.
Cldssijicdtion ly hirthpldce. — ^The classification by birthplace, and
therefore the following analysis of the tables, is confined to the whites.
It may be conjectured that white immigrants coming to Cuba unmarried
and intending not to remain for life would form unions without the
sanction of the law. This is the general experience where a large
number of male immigrants enter a country, in which the marriage
law is rigid while at the same time social opinion in certain quarters
tolerates a consentual marriage. Whether such a conjecture is in
accord with the facts in Cuba will appear from the following analysis.
The table below gives the facts for the two classes of whites:
Nativity.
Population
Living together by
mutual consent.
Number.
Percent.
7.8
6.6
Native white
526,867
136,416
41.052
8,975
Foreign white
This seems to negative the conjecture under examination. But such
an hypothesis could hardly apply to women, and therefore the sex dis-
tinction should be introduced as is done in the following table:
Nativity.
Population
15+.
Living together by
mutual consent.
Number.
Per cent.
Native white males
261,666
112,606
275,212
23,810
20,096
7,516
20,957
1,469
8.0
6.7
7.6
6.1
Foreign white males
Native white females
Foreiam white females
With both sexes the proportion of persons living together by mutual
consent is greater among the native white than it is among the foreign
white. But the immigrants are almost uniformly adults, and are
probably decidedly older than the native whites over 15. Hence
Digitized by VjOOQIC
142
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
an examination by age periods is needed. As the foreign bom white
women are so few the examination by age periods may be confined to
males.
Per cent of males living in consenlucd unions.
A^e period.
NaUve.
Foreign.
Age period.
NaUve.
Foreign.
16-19. .
0.8
8.8
9.1
12.2
0.2
2,8
5.8
7.8
35-44.
45-54.
56-^.
65 +.
13.4
13.1
10,6
10.6
9.8
20-24
9.7
25-29
7.2
30-34
4.8
At every age the proportion of white men of foreign birth living in
consentual unions was less than the proportion of native white men.
The following table shows whether this is true throughout the several
provinces.
Province.
NaUve.
Foreign
bom.
Habana city ,
7.9
4.0
5.0
7.8
6.4
6.9
17.9
6.7
4.4
7.8
7.1
6.8
6.5
11.6
Habana province
Matanma
Plnardel Rio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
8.0
6.7
This table shows that the figures heretofore reached are the net
result for the island of conditions widely different in the different
provinces. Habana city and the two provinces at the ends of Cuba
a^ree in having a proportion of consentual unions among the native
white men larger than among the foreign-born white men. In the
other four divisions the opposite was true. Among females, on the
contrary, consentual unions were less common with the foreign bom
than with the native white not merely in Cuba as a whole but in every
province except Habana. The lower proportion of consentual unions
is closely connected with the higher proportion of married already
noted (p. 131) among foreign-born white women.
THE WIDOWED.
It might be anticipated that the very high death rate of Cuba during
the last few years, to which attention is called in the discussion of the
vital statistics of the past ten years, would leave its traces in an exces-
sive number of widows and widowers. The facts for all Cuba in com-
parison with those for Porto Rico and the United States are given in
the following table:
Country.
Population
15+.
Widows and
widowers
Pe
cent
Cuba
995,761
534,941
40.880,050
86,167
46,052
2,970,052
8.6
8.6
7.4
Porto Rico
United States (1890) '.'.'.','.','/,','.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
THE WIDOWED.
143
These figures indicate a proportion of widowed in Cuba not much
above that in the United States and not at all above that in Porto Rico.
But obviously only persons who had been lawfully married would be
reported to the census as widowed. Persons who had been living in
consentual marriages, but whose unions had ended before the census
by death of the other party, would appear in the census not as widowed
bnt as single. Hence a fairer basis for the comparison may be found
in the persons reported as married. Such a comparison yields the
following result:
Country.
Married.
Widowed.
Per cent
widowed
to 100
married.
Caba
246,351
168,570
22,881.424
85,167
46,052
2,970,052
84.6
29.0
13.8
Porto Rico
United States (1890)
On this basis it appears that there was in Cuba one widow or widower
for every three married persons, while in the United States there was
one widow or widower for every eight married persons. In Cuba in
1861 there was one widow or widower for every five married persons.
This large proportion of widowed is emphasized by the following table
in which the proportion of widowed to married is given for the last
available census of a nimiber of Spanish- American countries, or West
Indian Islands:
Country.
Argentina
Barbados
Bermuda
British Honduras.
Chile
Costa Rica
Quatemala
Jamaica
Leeward Inlands .
Martinique
Mexico
Trinidad
Turk's Island....
Portugal
Spain ,
Porto Rico
Cuba
Date of
census.
Widowed
to 100
married.
1895
17
1891
22
1891
28
1891
29
1885
19
1892
16
1893
20
1891
21
1891
25
1894
84
1895
25
1891
22
1891
20
1890
19
1887
17
1899
29
1899
34
The evidence thus shows conclusively that the proportion of widows
and widowers in Cuba was far higher than in the other countries with
which comparison would naturally be made. Whether the excess is of
widows or widowers may be doubtful. In the following table the sex
classification is introduced:
Country.
Husbands.
Widowers.
Widowers
to 100
husbands.
Wives.
Widows
Widows
to 100
wives.
Cuba
125,067
78,689
11,205,228
28,060
12,023
815,487
18.4
15.8
7.8
121,284
79,881
11,126,196
62,108
84,029
2,154,615
51.2
Porto Rico
42.6
United 8Utoi( 1890)
19.4
Digitized by VjOOQIC
144
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
This table shows that both the West India Islands had more than
double the proportion of widowed to married that prevails in the
United States, but that the proportion in Cuba was noticeably higher
than in Porto Rico. For every six husbands there was a widower and
for every two wives a widow.
In the following table the classification is carried into the several
provinces:
Province.
Husbands.
Widowere.
Widowere
to 100
husbands.
Wive*.
Widows.
Widows
to 100
wives.
Habanacitjr
22,003
18,0S0
13,602
13,783
8,M2
28,681
20,376
8.872
4,371
2,760
2,772
1,203
• 6,791
2,790
15
24
20
20
14
20
14
20,068
17,395
13,485
13,317
8,668
28,244
20,107
11.427
9,442
7,329
6,192
3,926
14,319
9,473
57
H^bana (excluding city)
Matanzas
54
54
Pinardel Rio
46
l*uerto PrincifK;
45
Santa Clara
50
Santiago
47
Cuba
125,067
23,069
18
121,281
62,108
51
Widows were most numerous in the capital of the island and least
numerous in Puerto Principe. Widowers were most numerous in
Habana outside the city, and least numerous in Puerto Principe.
Probably Puerto Principe suffered as little as any province during the
last five years, and the high proportion of widows in Habana city may
result from migration of widows to the capital or from the presence
in the city of many widows of Spaniards. The facts regarding the
classes of the population of Habana city are as follows:
Race.
Native whites
Foreign-born whites
Colored
Wives.
18,528
4,494
2,016
Widows.
Widows
to 100
wives.
7.242
2,M6
1,639 I
53
57
80
While the figures show a larger proportion of widows among the
foreign born than the native white, the proportion of widows among
the colored was far greater. This is a result so unexpected that one
asks at once whether it was true throughout Cuba. The following
table gives the facts:
Race.
Native whites
Foreign-bom whites!
Colored
Husbands.
75,454
84,306
16,307
Widowers.
15,207
5,199
2,663
Widowere
to 100
husbands.
Wives.
93,900
10,883
16,501
Widows.
46,652
5,847
9,609
Widows
to 100
wives.
50
54
Apparently widows were most numerous relatively among the colored
and least numerous among the native white, while widowers were most
numerous among the native white and least so among the foreign
Digitized by VjOOQIC
THE WIDOWED — THE SIKGLE.
145
Perhaps the best measure of the progressive increase of widow-
hood with advancing years is found by comparing the widowed with
the married of each age group. This is done in the following table:
A^ period.
Husbands.
Widowers.
Widowers
to 100
husbands.
Wiveii.
Widows.
Widows
to 100
wives.
15-19
160
4,853
14,612
21,048
42,620
25,247
11,708
4,878
45
262
1,190
2,284
5,966
6,600
4 455
8,280
27
6
8
10
14
22
88
74
5,584
19,142
24,926
22,112
80,006
18,541
4,678
1,246
280
2,228
7,542
6>4
18,885
15,055
12,166
8,201
5
30-31
12
25-29
18
IM4 ;....
26
35-44
46
«^
111
65^
260
m
658
The table shows the uniform and steady increase of widowhood for
each sex with advancing years, and also the far greater proportion of
widows than of widowers at any given age. This difference between
the two sexes increases with age. Between 20 and 35 the proportion
of widows to wives was about double that of widowers to husbands.
At the ne^ct age period it was treble, at the next five times, at the next
seven times, and at the latest age nine times. For this difference a num-
ber of cooperating causes may be assigned. As the husband is usually
older than the wife and the chance of death increases with age, more
marriages are broken by the death of the husband than by the death
of the wife. Then, too, at the same age the mortality of men is usually
rather greater than the mortality of women. And a widower is more
likely than a widow to reenter the group of married by a second union.
THE smoLE.
The small proportion of married in Cuba has already been mentioned
(p. 118). Even if the consentual unions be included with the mar-
riages, the proportion of the total was much less than in the United
States (p. 135). The widowed, while very numerous with reference to
the married, „ere not much more numerous than elsewhere with ref-
erence to the total or the adult population. There are no divorced
per^^ns in Cuba. The only other marital class, the single, must then
be unusually numerous. For purposes of comparison with other coun-
tries, however, the persons living in consentual unions in Cuba should
be classed with the single. In the following table the proportion of
single to total population over 15 is given for the countries with which
comparison would most naturally be made. The countries are arranged
in the order of increasing proportion of single.
24662 10
Digitized by
Google
146
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Oonntry.
HmiftAryi
Mexico
France
ItAly
United suites
Denmark
OerauuiT
England and Wales .
Austria
Sweden
Netherlands
Switzerland
Belffium
Turks Island
Guatemala*
Scotland
Date of
census.
18Q0
1896
1886
1881
1890
1890
1890
1891
1890
1890
1889
1888
1890
1891
1893
1891
Percent
of single
to popu-
Ution
15+.
2S.2
84.9
85.S
86.6
86.9
86.7
88.3
89.6
40.4
40.7
40.8
42.8
4S.9
4S.9
44.7
46.2
Country.
Chile
Porto Bico«
New Zealand
CosURica
Argentina.
Queensland
Ireland
British Honduras.
Cuba*
Leeward Islands..
Barbados
Porto Rico*
Trinidad*
Cuba*
Martinique
Date of
1886
1899
1801
1892
1896
1891
1891
1891
1899
1891
1891
1899
1891
1899
18M
Percent
of single
to popu-
lation
16+.
45.3
45.9
46.4
47.5
47.9
48.3
60.8
61.4
6S.4
67.7
6L5
6L7
63.5
6&6
78.6
» PopuUtion 16+ is the basis,
s Population 14+ is the basis.
» Excluding persons living together by mutual consent.
* Including persons liyinff together by mutual consent.
ft Excluding the East Indians.
This table shows that the proportion of single among the adults of
Cuba is higher than in any other considerable country known to statis-
tics. In the United States not much more than one-third of the adults
were single, while in Cuba over one-half and, including the persons
living together in consentual unions, two-thirds were single. In the
subsequent discussion the word single will be limited by excluding
the persons living together by mutual consent as well as the married
and widowed.
In the following table the two sexes are compared:
Sex.
Males....
Females.
Population
16+.
522,116
473,645
Single 15+.
908,031
224.817
Fer cent |
single.
50.0
47.4
The excess of single males over single females, amounting to 83,729^
is due partly to the excess of 48,471 males in the adult population
and partly to the excess of 39,049 widows over widowers.
The proportion of single decreases with advancing years, as follows:
Age period.
Per cent single
among—
Per cent single in
United States (1890)
among— 1
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
0-14
99.9
99.8
88.6
67.2
46.9
83.1
32.1
88.0
42.9
99.8
89.1
57.3
86.7
29.2
28.3
31.8
34.6
41. b
100.0
99.5
80.7
46.0
26.6
16.3
9.1
6.8
5.6
100.0
90.3
51.8
25.4
15.2
9.9
7.1
5.8
5.6
16-19
20-24
25-29
80-34
85-44 '.['.'.'.['.
45-54
66-64
65+ :;;;:
Digitized by VjOOQIC
THE SINGLE — LITEBACY.
147
In Cuba over two-fifths of the population apparently go through
life single, while in the United States only about one-eighteenth do so.
Next to this noteworthy difference between the two countries the most
interesting inference from Tbhe table is that the proportion of single
does not decrease steadily from youth to old age, as might be expected
and as it does in the United States. On the contrary, a distinct min-
imum is reached for men at 45-54 years of age and for women ten
years earlier. After these ages the proportion of single increases.
Some light is thrown on this difference by the following table:
Age period.
Per ceot Bingle among—
Males.
Females.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
16-19 ;
99.4
90.0
67.2
44.6
29.6
21.2
18.0
-17.1
99.0
84.6
68.6
49.7
-48.0
61.2
69.6
62.6
88.9
64.0
29.6
19.8
16.8
16.4
-14.9
16.8
89.7
68.9
60.1
-46.8
47.4
64.0
68.9
66.0
20-24
26-29
80-84
86-44
46-64
66-64
66+
From this it appears that the increase in the proportion of single
with advancing years was almost confined to the colored race. It is
probably due in large part to the inclusion with the single of persons
who had earlier in life lived in consentual unions, but whose married
life had ended by separation of the parties through death or other-
wise or who having no children living with them were classified as
single although reaUy belonging to the class of persons living together
by mutual consent.
LriERACY.
A census can take cognizance of the degree of education of a peo-
ple only as it is indicated by certain simple tests. These tests refer
usually to formal or book education, not because that is necessarily
the most important, but because it is the most easily tested. The tests
used by the present census were attendance at school, ability to read,
ability to write, and possession of higher education. It is obvious that
attendance at school certifies nothing regarding a person's educational
attainments, yet if the entire population is to be classed acoording to
degree of education some assumption must be made regarding children
attending school. It can not introduce serious error to assume that all
children attending school were able to read and write, and all under 10
years of age and not attending school were not able to read. On these
assumptions the population of Cuba may be classified as follows:
Ha viDg higher education
Able to read and write
Able to read
Population answering educational inquiries.
Number.
Per cent
of total.
19,168
688,496
666,601
1,671,886
1.2
34.0
86.0
100.0
Digitized by VjOOQIC
148
BBPOBT ON THB 0KK8U9 OF CUBA, 1899.
In the preceding table the classes are not mutually exclusive, but
each succeeding class includes all those in the preceding. From that
table the following may be derived by taking the differences in the
successive numbers of the preceding:
Number.
I Per
J_
Unable to read
Able to read bat oiukble to write
Able to write bat without raperior education
With higher education
Unknown
Total population
1,0M,884
88.003
614,840
19,158
1.412
63.9
2.1
32.7
1.2
.1
1.672,797
100.0
From this table it appears that the three classes of those able to
read but unable to vrrite, those with higher education, and those not
answering the educational questions, including together little more
than one-thirtieth of the total population, were numerically insignifi-
cant. Attention may therefore be centered on the other two classes.
The several provinces of Cuba had the following proportion of per-
sons able to read:
Province.
Pinar del Rio. . .
Puerto Principe
Santa Clam
Santiago
Able to read.
Population.
424,804
202,444
173,064
88.234
856.686
827.716
Number.
226.524
70,893
82.684
88,884
116,799
87,717
Per
cent
53.1
84.8
18.9
87.8
82.8
26.8
Ilabana province had the largest and Pinar del Rio the smallest pro-
portion of persons able to read. Earlier in this analysis (p. 76) it was
shown that Habana province had the largest and Pinar del Rio the
smallest proportion of urban population. That the two vary together
will appear more clearly from the following:
Provinces in the order of—
Literacy:
Habana.
Puerto Principe.
Matanzas.
Santa Clara.
Santiaffo.
Pinar del Rio.
Urban population:
Habaiia.
Matanzas.
Puerto Principe.
Santa Clara.
Santiago.
Pinar del Rio.
It seems probable, therefore, that the ability to read is more usual in
Cuban cities than it is in the rural districts. In the following table the
facts are given for the 14 cities separately reported in Table XIX.
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CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
CUBA
THE PROPORTION OF ILLITERATES TO POPULATION
10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER.
PORTIONS SHADED ARE ILLITERATE
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LITERACY.
149
Cities.
Cardenas
Cienfaegoa
Ouanabacoa
Habana
Manxanillo
Matanxas
Pinardel Rio....
Paerto Prindpe .
Regla
Sagua la Grande
SanctiSplritus ..
Santa Clara
Santiago
Trinidad
Popnlation.
21, MO
80,068
18,965
286,961
14,464
86,874
8,860
25,102
U,868
12,728
12,696
18,763
48,090
U,120
Able to read.
Nomber.
12,074
18,062
8,090
155.«M
8,182
21.447
4,101
15,495
6,518
6,665
6,798
7,872
25,905
6,114
Per
cent
66
60
68
66
66
69
67
62
67
60
66
Twelve of the 14 cities had a larger proportion of persons able
to read than any of the 6 provinces, and all had a larger proportion
of literates than any province but Habana. This shows clearly that
illiteracy is especially prevalent in the rural districts of Cuba. The
facts for city and country are summarized in the following table:
Able to read.
District
Popnlation.
Nomber.
Per
cent
Habana
286,961
266,628
1,061,298
166,684
147,258
268,714
66.9
67.6
24.4
Thirteen other cities
Rest of Cuba
Total
1,672,797
666,601
86.0
Rather more than one-third of the total population of Cuba were able
to read, but the proportion rose in Habana city to nearly two-thirds,
and in the 13 other cities it averaged nearly three-fifths, while in rural
Cuba it was not quite one-fourth. The per cents for the several cities
have already been given, but the figures for the provinces after the
cities have been subtracted are given below:
Province.
Habana
Puerto Principe
Matanzas
Santa Clara
Santiago
Pinardel Bio...
Rural popu-
lation.
J-
Able to read.
168,495
68,182
144,180
276,191
270,161
164,184
Number.
66,887
17,889
86,872
71,808
68,660
28,668
Per
cent
84
28
26
26
20
17
The largest proportion of literates is found in rural Habana, where
one-third of the total population was able to read; the smallest proi[)or-
tion ii> the provinces at the ends of the island, Santiago and Pinar del
Bio, where from one-sixth to one-fifth were able to read. The four
central provinces all had proportions above the average for rural
Cuba.
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150
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18»9.
There are two Spanish censuses, those of 1861 and 1887, in which the
number of Cubans able to read was reported. In the following table
the results of those censuses are brought into comparison with the
present:
Date of oenfos.
Population.
Able to read.
Number.
Per
cent
1851 1.
1,896,680
1,681,687
1,W2,797
268,287
4fi2,880
667,918
19.2
27.7
86.1
1887 .*.
1899
In thirty -eight years the per cent of the population able to read has
nearly doubled.
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
The total number of persons attending school in Cuba during the
year preceding October 16,1899, was 87,936 (Tables XIX and XXI),
or between 5 and 6 per cent of tiie total population. But in the dis-
cussion on age it was shown (p. 86) that the children in Cuba between
5 and 15, and so at the ages when school attendance is most common,
were unusually numerous. Hence it is better to compare the children
attending school with those of school age. From Table XXI it
appears that only 1,295 children under 6 or over 17 attended school,
that is, less than li per cent of the entire number. The school age
may therefore be assumed to be 5-17, and this slight proportion of
persons over or under these limits neglected.
Population
6-17.
Attending KhooU
6-17.
Per
cent
Cuba
662,928
86,640
15.7
It has already been shown that the proportion of persons able to
read, and probably also the proportion of children attending school,
was much higher in the cities of Cuba than in the rural districts. In
the following table the facts for the five cities included in Table XXI
are odven:
City.
Matanzas
Clenfuegoe
Habana
Puerto Principe
Santiago
Total
Population
6-17.
11.903
9,786
62,838
8,417
14,946
107,885
Attending school.
Population Per
6-17. cent
-4,845
8,794
20.060
2,642
4,387
35.628
40.7
88.8
81.9
80.2
29.4
3.0
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CENSUS OF CUBA. 1 899
EDUCATION
POPULATION OVER 10 YEARS OF AGE
HABANA MATANZAS
^H ILLITERATE BH ATTENDED SCHOOL
I I LITERATE HJIII SUPERIOR EDUCATION
A Mcmufcto •xuiM.'Kii;
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SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
151
On the average in the five cities almost exactly one-third of the
children 5-17 attended school during the year preceding the census.
If the figures for these cities be subtracted from those for all Cuba,
the following results are reached:
Population
5-17.
Attending school.
Population
Vl7.
Per
cent.
Cuba outalde five cities
446,048
51,012
11.6
The proportion attending school in the large cities was almost three
times that in the rest of the island.
In the following table the figures are given for the six provinces
after the five large cities have been excluded:
Province (excluding all cities of 25,000+).
Matansas
Habana
Santa Clara
Santiago
Puerto Principe
Pinar del Rio. . .
Cuba
Population
5-17.
55,606
64,866
117,803
116,942
26.720
64,656
445, 0«3
Attending school.
Population
5-17.
9,742
10,090
16, 2n
9,694
1,828
8,887
51,012
Per
cent
17.6
16.6
18.9
8.8
7.1
6.2
U.6
Both in its capital city and in the rest of the province Matanzas had
a larger proportion of children attending school than any other city
or province. It will be noticed that the rank of the provinces in
school attendance is often at variance with the rank in regard to the
proportion able to read. Thus Puerto Principe ranks next to Habana
in literacy, and yet the proportion of persons at school in Puerto
Principe was lower than in any other province except Pinar del Rio.
The anomaly may be explained by assuming that in the sparsely settled
districts children are often taught at the home rather than in a school.
In that case the figures regarding school attendance lose much of their
significance.
Sex.—ThQ following table gives the facts for Cuba by sex:
Population
5-17.
Attending schooL
Population
6-17.
Per
cent
Males
276,881
276,047
48,697
42,948
16.8
16.6
Females ......rr-.r ^-^,^^^,.^
Total
552,928
86,640
15.7
The two sexes attended school in about equal proportions.
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152
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Bace.— The following table gives the facts regarding school attend-
ance for Cuba by race:
Rsoe.
Population
6-17.
Attending schooL
Population
5-17.
Per
cent.
White
875,882
177,046
62,140
24,600
16.5
18.8
Colored
Total
562,928
86,640
15.7
The school attendance of the whites was somewhat higher than that
of the colored, but the difference was not very great.
Age. — In the following table the proportion of school attendants in
the several age classes is given:
Age.
Population.
School at-
tendants.
Per cent
attending
school.
(M
180,878
226,109
220,049
106,770
888,991
688
89,876
48.826
8,488
612
0.5
17.6
19.7
8.2
0.1
5-9
10-14
16-17
18+
Total
1,672,797
87,985
5.6
The maximum proportion of school attendants was between l(i and 14,
but the preceding five-year period shows almost as high a proportion.
LITERACY AMONG PERSONS OVER 10 YEARS OF AGE.
The majority of persons able to read probably learn to do so in
early childhood. Hence it is the usual practice for a census in gath-
ering information on this topic to disregard all children under a cer-
tain age. This has not been done in censuses of Spain or the
Spanish colonies, but in American census practice all children under
10 are omitted from the illiteracy tables. This classification is made
in the present census of Cuba and will be regarded in the following
discussion. For reasons already explained, only two classes will be
considered — ^those who are and those who are not able to read. The
following table gives the facts for all Cuba:
Class.
Population
10+.
Per
cent.
Able to read
625,245
690,565
48
57
Unable to read
Total
1,215,810
100
Rather more than two-fifths of the population of Cuba, excluding
young children, were able to read, a proportion rather greater than that
of New Mexico in 1880 (35 per cent) and less than that of South Car-
olina in the same year (44.6 per cent), but decidedly less than the pro-
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ABILITY TO BEAD.
153
portion in any American state in 1890, owing to the rapid develop-
ment of the American school system in the last score of years.
Sex. — In the following table the facts are given for Cuba by sex.
Clan.
Populatton 10 +.
Percent
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Able to read
282,824
861,091
242,421
888,874
46
66
42
68
Total
684,616
681,296
100
100
The corresponding per cents for the United States are males, 87.6;
females, 85.6; so that in both countries, and indeed in most countries
where the information is obtainable, the ability to read is somewhat
more general among men than among women.
Race. — In the following table the number of persons able to read is
given for Cuba with distinction of race and sex:
Number.
Percent
Race and sex.
Able to
read.
Unable to
read.
Total.
Able to
read.
Unable
to read.
WhItA.mftlw
282, U7
180.628
60,707
61,898
208,962
191.868
142,729
147,606
441,079
871,896
198,486
209,899
62.6
48.6
26.2
29.6
47.4
Whitej f^miAles
61 6
Colored, males
78.8
Coioredj ff^males
70.4
Total whites
412,646
112,600
400,880
290,286
812,976
402,836
60.8
28.0
49.2
Total colored ...........................
72.0
From this table it appears that one-half of the whites and rather
more than one-fourth of the colored were able to read. But among the
colored the illiteracy was greater among the males, thus reversing the
usual rule. Two reasons for this anomaly may be suggested. Colored
men work more largely in the country and less largely in the cities of
Cuba than colored women do. In the five cities of over 25,000 were
found 27.6 per cent of all colored females over 10 years of age, but
only 22.2 per cent of all colored males over 10 years of age. It has
been shown that school attendance was larger and iUiteracy smaller in
the cities than in the rural districts. Hence the sex which is most
numerous in cities has better facilities for learning to read and proba-
bly city life tends to strengthen the desire for this attainment. Then,
too, the colored females outnumber the colored males at every age
period from 15 to 50 and the males outnumber the females between 50
and 80. This is probably due in part to the survival in Cuba of some
thousands of negroes born in Africa, two-fifths of whom are males,
and to almost 15,000 Chinese,nearly all of whom are males. Its effect
is to make the median age of colored males over 10 fully two years
higher than the median age of colored females. And as illiteracy in
Cuba is greater among elderly people than it is among those in middle
life this higher median age of the colored males would tend to accen-
tuate the illiteracy of that sex.
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154
BEPOBT OK THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Age. — In the following table the proportion of persons able to read
in each age group is given for the total population and for the two
races:
Age period.
Per cent literate.
'ISfiT-
White.
Colored.
10-14
86.0
45.9
+60. S
49.0
47.8
45.1
89.0
88.4
28.1
88.8
49.0
64.8
+66.8
66.2
66.2
58.7
68.0
62.9
8L3
89.2
+40.8
86.0
29.4
28.4
16.6
10.7
7.4
15-19
20-34
25-29
80^
86-44
45-54
65+
Total
48.2
60.8
28.0
It appears that the largest proportion was in the age period 20-24; that
is, the class whose school years were lived between 1878 and 1895. The
illiteracy among whites never rises to one-half except for the age
periods 10-19, and is quite uniform. The aged coloi*ed are very largely
illiterate, but the proportion is lower in the younger groups, reaching'
its minimum at the period 20-24. These figures indicate an educational
system which, during the past generation, has been reaching about the
same proportion of whites but a constantly increasing proportion of
colored until the confusion and warfare of the last few years seriously
impaired its efficiency.
OOOUPATIONS.
The instructions issued to the Cuban enumerators in Spanish with
reference to filling this part of the schedule may be translated as
follows:
This inquiry (ooluinn 11) applies to every person 10 years of age and over having
a gainful occupation, and calls for the profession, trade, or branch of work upon
which each person ddpends chiefly for support, or in which he is engaged ordinarily
during the larger part of the time. In reporting occupations avoid general or
indefinite terms which do not indicate the kind of work done. You need not give
a person's occupation just as he expresses it If he can not tell intelligibly what he
is, find out what he does, and describe his occupation accordingly. For wives and
daughters at home engaged in the duties of the household only, write ''at home"
(en casa). For children not actually at work, write ''at school" (estudiante) or
" at home " (en casa), as the case may be. Spell out the name of the occupation and
do not abbreviate in any case.^
'It is desirable that some brief terms should be introduced to describe persons
covered by the preceding instructions and accurately but clumsily described as
persons engaged in gainful occupations. In the following discussion the terms
breadwinners or persons at work will sometimes be used for one class and dependents
for the other. Any term must be understood in accordance with these instructions
rather than with its usual and popular meaning.
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OCCUPATIONS.
156
The number of Cubans reported as having gainful occupations was
622,330, or 39.6 per cent of the total population.^ The figures for
Cuba are compared with those for the United States and Porto Bico in
the following table: *
Coontry.
Date.
Total popu-
laticm.
In gainfol oooopa*
ttons.
Number.
Per
cent
Cub*
1809
1899
1800
1,«2,797
068^248
e2,«23,260
622,880
810,865
22.786,661
80.6
88.2
86.8
Porto RicOr w,,,T..r.-. -^■.-
United States
From these figures it appears that Cuba has about two-fifths of its
population engaged in some gainful occupation, while in Porto Rico
the proportion is only one-tliird and in the United States about mid-
way between the two. Some reasons for the diflference wUl appear as
the subject ia probed farther.
^ Among these there were 2,053 children under 10 reported as having a gainful
occupation. These may all be regarded as enumerators' errors, but the margin of
error they introduce, lees than one-third of 1 per cent, is fair lees than that to which
all occupation returns are subject, and may, therefore, be neglected. It is probably ,
true that a certain number of children under 10 in Cuba do work which is a Mr
equivalent for their living. The number of such children must vary in different
parts of the island. But, according to the instructions quoted above, none of these
should have been reported. Hence the reported number is dependent upon two
variables, first, the actual number in the districts, and secondly, the heedlessness of
the enumerators in reporting such answers contrary to the instructions. The pro-
portion of such returns to the total of persons reported as having gainful occupations
niay afford, therefore, a very rough test of the exactness with which enumerators
followed their instructions in this particular. From this point of view the follow-
ing table is of interest:
ProYlnoe.
In gainfal oocapatloiLi.
Total Caldron
^^^^' under 10.
Per
cent.
Puerto Principe
HabanA city
Habana (excluding city)
Santiago
Santa Clara
Mantancas
PinardelBio
Cuba
81.822
106,000
76,061
108,777
144,(02
07,882
822,880
80
224
190
817
601
868
848
.207
.260
.291
.400
.414
.618
2,068
.880
This instruction was most carefully observed in Puerto Principe and most over-
looked in Pinar del Bio.
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156
REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
The absolute and relative number of persons engaged in gainful
occupations in the several provinces was as follows:
Province.
Santiago
Puerto Principe
Pinardel Rio
Habana (excluding city)
Santa Clam
Matanzas
Habana (city)
Population.
327,715
88,234
173,064
188,823
866,536
202.444
235,981
Ilk gainful occupa-
tions.
Number.
108,777
81,822
67,862
76,961
144,612
85,296
108,000
Per
cent.
33.2
86.1
89.2
40.2
40.6
42.1
45.8
The relative number of Jbread winners was as low in Santiago as in
Porto Rico and as low in Puerto Principe as in the United States. In
Pinar del Rio it was about the average for the island, while in the three
central provinces it was above the average, and highest of all in Habana
city. The range in Cuba between the highest and lowest divisions was
12.6 per cent, while in the United States the range between the high-
est (Montana) and lowest (West Virginia) states was 25.4 per cent.
The position of Habana city in the preceding table suggests that
gainful occupations may be more general in cities than in rural dis-
tricts. To determine whether this is true, the following table has
been prepared:
City.
Cardenas
Cienfu^os
Ouanabucoa
Habana
Manxanillo
Matanzas
Plnar del Rio...
Puerto Principe .
Regla
Sagua la Grande.
Sancti Spiritus. . .
Santa Clara ,
Santiago
Trinidad
Total cities,
Rural
Cuba
Population.
21,940
80.038
13,965
235,981
14,464
86,374
8,880
25,102
11,863
12,728
12,696
13,763
43,090
11,120
491,604
1,081,293
1,672,797
In gainful occupations.
Number.
8,741
11,485
6,281
108,000
4,595
14,820
3,986
8,488
4,305
6.229
8,868
6,222
16,741
2,947
203,168
419,172
622,330
Per cent.
89.8
88.2
87.8
45.8
81.8
89.4
44.9
83.6
87.9
41.1
80.5
87.9
88.9
26.6
41.3
88.8
Per cent In
province
containing
city.
42.1
40.6
48.3
43.3
83.2
42.1
89.2
86.1
43.3
40.6
40.6
40.6
38.2
4a 6
Gainful occupations are more common in cities than in the rural
districts; but the figures for the several cities show that this is due
to the dominant influence of Habana, which had nearly as many inhab-
itants and more than as many persons engaged in gainful occupations
as all the other thirteen cities combined. Of the other thirteen cities
ten had a smaller proportion of breadwinners than the province in
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CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
'V-''^
CUBA
OCCUPATIONS
BY RACE, SEX, AND NATIONALITY
AQRICULTURE HH ''^OFE88lON8
1^ J TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION H|H PERSONAL SERVICE
I" ] MANUFACTURING | | NO GAINFUL OCCUPATION
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OCCUPATIONS.
157
which they lie. In the 58 American cities containing each over
50,000 inhabitants the per cent in gainful occupations in 1890 was 42.8,
while for the rest of the country it was only 34.8. In this respect the
diflference between city and country in Cuba is apparently less than
half what it is in the United States. This difference between the two
«
countries may be connected with the high proportion of females in
Cuban cities already mentioned in the paragraph on sex (p. 83) and
with the small proportion of female breadwinners on the island, which
will appear from the next paragraph.
JSreadwinners classified hy sex, — ^The following table gives the abso-
lute and relative number of males and of females reported as engaged
in gainful occupations in Cuba. For comparative purposes the figures
for Porto Rico and the United States have been included.
Country.
Males.
In gainful occupa-
tions.
Female«.
In gainful occupa-
tions.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent
Cuba
816,206
472,261
32,067,880
18,821,090
68.2
56.9
58.7
757,692
480,982
30,564,870
66,366
47,701
8,914,671
8.8
Porto Rico P.
9.9
United States (1890)
12.8
From this table it appears that the larger proportion of breadwin-
ners in Cuba holds only of the males. Among Cuban women the pro-
portion in gainful occupations was smaller than it was in either Porto Rico
or the United States, but with males the case was very different. The
percentage of them remuneratively employed in Cuba was one-sixth
higher than in either of the other countries. Among 10 males of all
ages in Cuba 7 were at work, while in Porto Rico and the United States
fewer than 6 were so engaged. Further information regarding this
difference will be obtained in the course of the analysis.
In the following table the relative number of breadwinners is given
for each province, classified by sex:
Province.
Uabana ,
Matanxas
PinardelRlo..
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Males.
221.990
108,726
91,688
44,899
189,067
163,845
In gainful occupa-
tions.
Number.
169,614
71,721
63,974
27,352
182,788
100,525
Per
cent.
71.9
69.2
69.8
60.9
70.2
61.4
Females.
202,814
98,718
81,376
48,335
167,479
163,870
In gainful occupa-
tions.
Number.
24,347
13,576
3,888
4,470
11,824
8,252
Per
cent.
12.0
13.7
4.8
10.3
7.1
5.0
The maximum proportion of breadwinners among males was in
Habana and the minimum in Puerto Principe. But with females the
maximum was in Matanzas and the minimum in Pinar de Rio. Hence
the two sexes are affected by different conditions.
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168
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1890.
The high positton of Pinar del Rio in the column for males suggests
that gainful occupations for males may be quite as common in the
country as in the cities. That Santiago had fewest breadwinners is due
to the fact that in the column for each sex it ranks next to last That
Puerto Principe had more is because a large number of female bread-
winners somewhat neutralize the small number of males, which was less
than anjrwhere else. In Pinar del Rio the conditions were reversed, a
high proportion of male breadwinners was partly offset by few females.
In Santa Clara more males were at work than anywhere else except
Habana. Matanzas held fourth place among males, but was lifted to the
second place for the total by the fact that more females were at work
there than in any other province. Habana, holding first place among
males and second among females, was first in the total.
Closer examination shows that female breadwinners were apparently
more numerous in provinces with large urban population. To test this
the provinces may be arranged as follows:
Provinces in the order —
Of females in gainfnl occupations:
Matanzas. ^
Habana.
Puerto Principe.
Santa Clara.
Santiago.
Pinar del Rio
That the two vary together supports the hypothesis. It will there-
fore be more closely tested by the following table:
Of urban population:
Habana.
Matanzas.
Puerto Principe.
Santa Clara.
Santiago.
Pinar del Rio.
Per cent of total females who were reported as in gainful occupations with distinction of city
and country.
Province.
Urban.
Rural.
Habana
16.6
19.1
24.6
14.1
18.0
14.0
6.1
11.8
8.6
8.6
5.0
2.9
Matanxas
Pinar del Rio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago x.xx
Cuba
16.5
5.4
Female breadwinners were always more numerous and usually sev-
eraltimos more numerous in the cities than in the surrounding country.
The proportion of women in gainful occupations in the rural districts
was lowest in Santiago and highest in Matanzas; but in the cities it was
lowest in Santa Clara and highest in Pinar del Rio. The high pro-
portion of women at work in the city of Pinar del Rio is probably
connected with the character of the industries. The city above all
othiers is a tobacco town. In no other of the fourteen cities separately
reported was one-fifth of the female population engaged in gainful
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
159
occupations, but in Pinar del Rio nearly one-fourth were so occupied.
The smallest proportion of women in gainful occupations was in Trin-
idad and Manzanilla In the United States in 1890 20.1 per cent of
the females in cities of over 50,000 inhabitants and 11.1 per cent of the
females in the rest of the United States were breadwinners. With
regard to the proportion of women at work, therefore, urban Cuba
differs much more from rural Cuba than urban United States does
from rural United States. But in this con^parison the line between
urban and rural is drawn at 50,000 inhabitants in'the United States
and with a single exception at 10,000 in Cuba.
Breadwinners cl(i89ifiedly(ig€. — ^According to the instructions already-
quoted, the question about occupation was put only to persons ten
years of age or more. Hence, in comparing the persons engaged in
gainful occupations with the population, it is better to disregard the
children under 10. This is done in the table below.
CouDtiy.
1
Penona 10+.
In gainful occupa-
tions.
Number.
Per 1
cent.
Cuba
1,216,810
660,294
47.418,660
622,880
816,866
22,786,661
61.2
48.0
47.9
Porto Rioo....
United States (1890)
With the elimination of the children under 10, who were nearly 31 per
cent of the total in Porto Rico, but less than 25 per cent in the United
States, the difference between those two countries, shown in a former
tftble (p. 155), almost disappears. But the difference between these two
countries on the one hand and Cuba on the other still persists.
In the following table the analysis is carried into the provinces:
Province.
Santiago
Puerto Principe
Habana (excluding city)
Santa Clara
Pinar del Bio
Matansas
Habana (city)
Persons
10+.
2^,017
68,786
161,206
279,827
180,807
160,297
198,870
In gainful occupa-
tions.
Number.
108,777
81,822
76.961
144,612
67.862
86,296
108,000
Per
cent.
46.7
49.9
60.2
61.8
62.1
68.6
66.7
The difference between Santif^o and Habana city, which was 12.6
per cent when the total population was used as a basis (p. 156), was
only 10 per cent, owing to the fact already noted (p. 91), that Habana
city had few and Santiago many children. Pinar del Rio, having a
larger population under 10 than Santa Clara or Habana province out-
side the city (p. 90), stood above these two in the proportion of persons
engaged in gainf id occupations as soon as the children were excluded.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
160
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF OXTBA, 1899.
With this exception, the order of the provinces remains the same.
Gainful occupations amon^ adults were more common in the western
half of the island, and reached their maximum in the city of Habana.
As it has already been shown that outside of Habana gainful occupa-
tions were less common in Cuban cities than in the provinces contain-
ing them (p. 166), no further analysis by cities seems needed.
In the following table the number and per cent of persons in gain-
ful occupations is given by details of age:
Age period.
Number of
peiBODi.
In gainful occupftUoni.
In Cuba.
Per cent in
Number.
Percent
tbe United
SUtea
(1800).
0^
856,087
220,040
178,065
152,050
187,405
118,812
185,056
117,528
68,182
87,6W
85
2,058
54,180
86, M8
85 082
70 805
70,484
111,778
70,816
40,587
0.6
24.6
48.8
56.2
57.7
50.8
60.4
60.8
50.5
52.0
50.6
10-14
8.6
42.0
61.4
} 60.1
57.7
56.4
54.1
41.6
50.6
15-19
20-24
25-20
80-84
85-44
45-54
65-4M
65+
UfikPOWn
ToUl
1,572,7*7
622,880
80.6
S6.3
Nearly one-fourth of all Cubans between 10 and 15 years of age and
nearly half of those between 15 and 20 were engaged in some form of
gainful occupation. Between 25 and 65 the proportion was uniformly
about three-fifths, and in the latest age period, including all persons
above 65, more than half the population were at work. When the
figures in the last two columns of the preceding table are compared
some noteworthy differences between Cuba and the United States
appear. Among children 10-14 gainful employment was nearly three
times as common in Cuba as in the United States and almost as com-
mon as among the colored population alone of the United States (25.1
per cent). This fact is closely connected not merely with the poverty
of the masses in Cuba,* but also with her backward industrial condi-
tion and the slight development of the school system, which has
appeared from the illiteracy and education tables. For the years
20-35 the proportion of breadwinners in the two countries was about
the same, but the percentage falls off more rapidly in the United
States than in Cuba. These proportions indicate that gainful work
begins earlier in life and continues to a later age in Cuba than it does
in the United States.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899
CUBA
OCCUPATIONS BY PROVINCES
mi AGRICULTURE |^|| PROFESSIONS
|__ Ji\ TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION H|H PERSONAL SERVICE
[ I MANUFACTURING | | NO GAINFUL OCCUPATION
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
OCCUPATIONS.
161
Breadtninners clwmlfied hy age cmd sex. — In the following talile the
number of persons of each sex and the specified age engaged in gainful
occupations is given:
Number ofptTsorut of »ex and age specified who nuTe engaged in gainful oertipatifrns.
Age period.
0-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
80-»4
85^14
45-64
55-64
65+
Unknowu age .
Total persons.
PersonH in gninful
ocpupationM.
Total .
Male, j
Female.
Male.
FemaU'.
180.690 1
170,297
1.638
415
112,399
107,680
49,398
4,791
84,316
93,689
77,303
9,645
79,008
73,951
77,515
8,417
73,206
64,199
72,133
7,762
64,023
54,789
63,126
7.358
101.305
88, 751
99,567
12.211
64,096 1
63,432
62.463
8, 352
37.099 1
81.083
35,677
4.910
18,976 1
18,723
17.115
2.491
57 1
28
39
4
815,206
757,502
556,974
66,356
From the figures contained in the preceding table the percentages
contained in the following have been computed, and for comparison
the percentages for the United States are included:
Per rent of perwn* of ttejr and age specified who vvre engaged in gainful t*rnipafiontt.
Age period.
Males in—
FemalcH in—
Cuba.
United
States.
Cnbn.
0.2
4.5
10.3
11.4
J 12.0
t 13.4
14.6
15.6
16.8
13.3
14.3
United i
SlaU'f. J
0-9
0.9
44.0
91.6
98.1
98.5
98.6
98.3
97.5
96.2
90.2
68.4
10-14
11.2
68.6
92.0
} «.4
97.9
96.6
. 92.9
73.8
76.8
5.9
15-19
27.4
20-24 !
30 6
26-29
[ 17.3
13.2
30-»4
36-44
4^-64
12.9
56-64
12.0
66+
8.3
30.8
Unknown age
Total ;
68.2
68.7
H.8
12. h
Perhaps the most noteworthy conclusion to be drawn from this table
is that the large proportion of males of all ages who were gainfully
employed in Cuba as compared with the United States (see p. 157) is
due not so much to a larger proportion during the years of maximum
eflBciency, for the proportion of men between 26 and 55 years old who
were^at work in the two countries was not very different, but is due,
rather, to the fact that men begin to work in Cuba as young boys and
continue to work into advanced years. This appears clearly in the table,
but perhaps the difference between the two countries can be made more
conspicuous by the following table, in which the proportion of males
of a given age in the United States who were at work is treated as 100
24662 11
Digitized by VjOOQIC
162
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
per cent and the relative proportion of persons of the same age at work
in Cuba in computed on that basis:
Ratio Iwhrem proportion of males at %voTk in Cuba at age specified and those at work in the
United States ( =100 per cent).
Age period:
392
15-19
156
20-24
107
25-34
101
35-44
100
45-54 .. ..
101
55-64
104*
654-
122
Of boys between 10 and 16 nearly four times as large a proportion
were at work in Cuba as in the United States. The proportion of young
men 15-19 at work is over 50 per cent greater, and of those 20-24 the
excess was 7 per cent; but between 25 and 65 the average difference
was only about 1 per cent. For men 56 to 64 it rose again to between
3 and 4 per cent, and of men over 65 the proportion at work in Cubft
was over one-fifth greater than in the United States. The difference
between the two countries may be due in part to the difference in the
character of the industries. An effort to ascertain whether this Is so
will be made when the figures for classes of industries are analyzed.
But in very large part doubtless it is a result of the burdens, indus-
trial and political, under which the island has been struggling of recent
years. Boys and old men in Cuba have had to work in order to earn
a livelihood, while in the United States many of the former have been
securing for themselves, b}' school attendance and otherwise, a greater
earning power in later years, and many of the latter class have with-
drawn from gainful occupations and live on their own savings or on
the surplus from other members of the household.
In the two columns for women a remarkable difference appears
between the two countries. The proportion of Cuban women who were
engaged in gainful occupations, while always small, rises steadily,
though slowly, to a maximum at the age period 65-64. In the United
States it rises very rapidly to a maximum almost twice as great in the
age period 20-24. It then falls almost as abruptly, and for ages above
35 it is actually lower than in Cuba. This suggests that in Cuba the
duties of wife and mother may be combined not infrequei\f;ly with
some gainful occupation, while in the United States the two classes of
duties are more often successive and less often simultaneous. From
the figures in Table XXX one may compute that among the female
breadwinners of Cuba, nearly thi'ee-fourths of whom were colored,
(p. 163) over one-fifth (21.2) were living in lawful or consensual mar-
riage. Among the female breadwinners of the United States in 1890
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
163
about one-eighth (13.2 per cent) were married, but^among the colored
female breadwinners of that country over one-fourth (27.7 per cent)
were married.
Breadwinners classified hy race. — ^In the following table the absolute
and relative number of persons engaged in gainful occupations is given
with distinction of race:
Per cad of breadwinners by race.
Bace.
Population.
In gainful occupa-
tions.
Number.
Per
cent
White '.
1,062,897
600,400
408,060
210,271
38.8
42.1
Colored
Total
1,672,787
622.330
39.6
This shows that the proportion of breadwinners was somewhat higher
among the colored than among the whites. In the following table the
corresponding per cents for the United 'States (1890) and Porto Rico
are introduced:
• Per cent of breadmnners.
Country.
Among
whites.
Amonf
colored.
Differ-
ence.
3.8
2.6
6.8
Cuba
88.3
82.2
86.6
42.1
84.8
41.8
Porto Rico
United Statcfl. 1890
The diflference between the two races appears in all three countries,
but in Cuba is greater than in Porto Rico and less than in the United
States. To understand these diflferences better the classification by
sex may be added to that by race.
Breadmnners classified by race and sex. — ^The following table gives
the absolute and relative numbers for all Cuba:
Breadwinners classified by ra4X and sex.
Race and sex.
Total popu-
lation.
Number.
In gainful
occupa-
tions.
Per
cent.
White males
668,113
262,092
489,284
268,808
385,470
170,604
17,689
48,767
68.4
67.6
8.6
18.2
Colored males
White females
Colored females
Total
1,672,797
622,880
89.6
The difference between white and colored among males is too small
to be weighty or significant. The difference between the two races is
Digitized by VjOOQIC
IM
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
due entirelj' to the fact that gainful otx^upations are followed hv col-
ored women to al>out five times the extent that they are by white
women. To detennine whether this is true also of other countries
the percentage figures are given side by side in the following table:
Per cent of lirendmnner».
Country.
Amonjf malep.
WhU<?. I Cx>lored.
Anions femalcF!.
Whitf. Colored.
Cub* 68.4 67.6
PortoRloo j 57.0 66.7 |
United Slateh (1890) 58.9 ' 57.4 ,
3,6 18.2
7.5 13.8
11.0 25.8
In all three countries the proportion of breadwinners among white
males was slightly higher than the proportion among colored males;
but in all three this difference is outweighed by the fact that colored
women are at work much more generally than white women. The
difference l>etween the women of the two races in this regard, how-
ever, was far more marked in Cuba than in either Poilo Rico or the
United States. Cuba had a proportion of males of each race at work
much larger than in either other country. The proportion of white
women at work was a])out one-half that in Porto Rico and one-third
that in the United States. But the proportion of colored women
at work, while below that in the United States, was higher than that
in Porto Rico.
BreadwhmerH clnmified as n/itwe and foreign Ixym, — ^This distinction
is made in the occupation tables only for the whites. The colored for-
eign born, of whom Table X shows that there are about 30,000 (30,382)
in Cuba — mainly Chinese and Africans — must be disregarded. The
facts for the whites are given in the following table, by race and sex:
Ract' and wx.
Population.
In gainful occu-
pations.
Number.
Per
cept.
Native whito males
447,373
115,740
462,926
2(i,358
274,365
111, 105
14,884
2,7a5
61. 3
Foreign-born white males
96.0
Native white females
8.2
Foreign-bom white females
10.3
Total whiter
1,062,897
403,059
38.3
Hardly a moment's reflection is needed to detect the cause of the
wide difference indicated in the preceding table between the native and
the foreign-bom of each sex and to reveal the insignificant character
of such a table taken alone. The immigrant whites of both sexes are
mainly adults, and the large proportion of workers among them is not
because they are of foreign birth but is because they are adult Hence
if there is any real difference between these two classes of whites, to
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
165
discover it groups of the same age must be compared.
in the following table:
This is done
Per cent of hreiubninrwrH cUvasified by nur, tuUipUy^ se.Vy and luje.
Age period.
1 Males.
Females.
\ Native
1 white.
Foreiifn
white.
Colored..
Native
white.
Foreiini
white.
Coloted
1 0.7
43.8
1 90,0
' 97.2
98.0
98.0
97.6
1 96.4
W.2
1 87.7
' 62.5
1
1.8
57.9
97.3
99.3
99.1
99.2
98.5
96.7
93.3
83.1
87.5
1.2
43.6
93.5
98.8
98.9
99.1
99.2
99.0
98.7
93.3
58.8
0.1
2.2
5.1
5.1
4.6
4.9
5.1
4.3
3.9
2.3
9.0
0.0
4.3
9.6
11.1
13.2
13.2
12.5
10.2
9.1
5.5
0.0
0.6
9.1
20.6
23.2
24.9
27.2
29.2
90.8
29.6
22.9
0.0
0-9
10-14
lf>-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
36-44
4S-64
5S^
65-H
Unknown .
This table shows that among females the foreign-born whites uni-
formly were at work in larger proportions than the native white but in
much smaller propoilions than the colored. This may be connected
-vVith the concentration of the foreign-bom of both sexes in the cities
and the larger opportunities which cities afford for women to find work.
Among males the proportion of foreign-born whites below 35 who
were at work is greater than the proportion in either other class, but
at later ages the proportion of colored breadwinners was higher, and
after 65 the proportion of native whites was also higher. It is note-
worthy, too, that the maximum proportion in gainfid occupations for
each sex was reached later for the colored than for either class of whites.
Breadwinners clans !jied hy kind of occupation. — ^The occupations in
which persons are engaged are grouped by the census into five main
classes. Arranged in the order of their prevalence, the groups are:
1. Agriculture, tiaheries, and mining.
2. Domestic and personal service.
3. Manufacturing and mechanical industries.
4. Trade and transportation.
5. Professional service.
The first class includes all persons engaged in the so-called extractive
industries or those concerned with getting the wealth out of the
earth or water, the third class includes those who transform the raw
material furnished by the extractive industries into new forms or
combinations, the fourth class includes all engaged in giving place or
time values to wealth by moving it from a place where it is less needed
to a place where it is more needed, or by saving it from a time when
it is less needed till a time when it is more needed, while the second
and fifth classes include all whose contribution to society is in the
form of personal services rather than of goods or of services upon
goods. The line of division between these groups or classes is often
obscmre, and in many individual cases serious diflBculties arise regard-
Digitized by VjOOQIC
166
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
ing the best group to which a person or an occupation should be
assigned under the imperfect description found on the schedule.
The population of Cuba engaged in gainful occupations was divided
as follows among the five groups:
Occupation group.
Agriculture, flsherieB, and mining
Domestic and pennnal service
Manufacturing and mechanical punuits
Trade and transportation
Prof essional service
ToUl
Number.
299.197
141.986
98.084
79,427
8,786
Per cent of
total in
gainful oc-
cupations.
48.1
22.8
14.9
12.8
1.4
100.0
Nearly one-half of all workers were engaged in agriculture and over
one-fifth in domestic and personal service. About one in seven was in
manufacturing and mechanical industries, and one in eight in trade
and transportation. In the following table the per cents for Cuba and
the United States are put side by side.
Per cent of breadwinners in each group of occupations.
Occupation group.
Agriculture, fisheries, and mining
Domestic and personal service
Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits
Trsde and transportation
Professional service
Total
Cuba.
48.1
22.8
14.9
12.8
1.4
100.0
United
States
(1890).
89.7
19.2
22.4
14.6
4.1
100.0
The main difference in occupations between the two countries is
that Cuba is more confined to agriculture and gives less attention to
manufacturing and mechanical pursuits than do the United States.
The small proportion of the professional class in Cuba is also note-
worthy.
Bread/winners hy class of occupation cmd sex. — The sex of the work-
ers has great influence upon the character of the work chosen or
assigned. This appears in the following table:
Breadwinners by occupaUony group, and sex.
Sex named in gainful occupations in class named.
Occupation group.
Number.
Percent,
Per cent In United
States (1890).
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Agriculture, fisheries, and mining .
Domestic and personal service
Manufacturing and mechanical
pursuits
292,881
96,760
82,012
78,766
7; 096
6.866
46,167
11,022
661
1.640
52.6
J7.2
14.7
14.2
1.3
10.3
69.6
16.6
l.O
2.5
44.3
14.3
21.6
16.4
8.4
17.4
26.2
Trade and transportation
6.8
Professional service ,.
8.0
Total
656.974
66.356
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS AND PERSONS TO A BUILDING.
167
One-half of the males at work in Cuba were engaged in agriculture,
etc., but only one-tenth of the females. In the United States the
proportion of males in agriculture was less, but of females was
greater. In both countries the females were mainly in the class of
domestic and personal service, but in Cuba this class includes about
seven-tenths of all women at work, while in the United States it
includes only a little over four-tenths. In both countries women who
go to work at all go into manufacturing and mechanical industries in
rather larger proportions than men do.
SANITAKY CONDITION OF DWELLINGS AND UNOCCUPIED HOUSES.
In the present census all buildings, whether occupied October 16,
1899, or not, were reported by the enumerators, and the facts regard-
ing the provisions in them for suppljdng waCer and for disposing of
garbage and excreta were ascertained. Before proceeding to a dis-
cussion of these topics a brief analysis of this return of buildings may
be made.
The total number of buildings in Cuba, whether occupied or not,
was 297,905, or 5.3 persons to a building. The average number of
persons to a building, occupied or unoccupied, may be computed from
those tables. The provinces range as follows:
Proviiice.
Santa Clara
Santiago
Matanzas
HalMina (exclusive of city).
Peraons '
to a 11
building.
Province.
4.7 'I Puerto Principe.
4.8 II Pinardel Rio...
4.8 Habanacity
6.0
PeraoDB
toa
building.
6.2
6.4
8.8
In Habana city there was one building of some sort to each 9 persons;
elsewhere in Cuba one to each 5. In Porto Rico there were 5.3 persons
to a building, or about the same as in Cuba outside Habana. The pro-
ceding table suggests that in the cities of Cuba the mtio of buildings
to population was probably less than in the ruml districts. The facts
upon this point are brought out more clearly in the following table:
DiHtrict.
Popula-
tion.
Buildings.
Persona
toa
building.
14 cities -
491,504
1,081,293
79,077
218,828
6.2
4.9
Rest of Cuba
The average number of persons to a building was much less in all cities
togetl^er than it is in Habana. Hence the other cities must have had a
relatively small number of persons to a building. All 14 cities except
Knar del Rio and Habana had a smaller number of persons to a building
than the average for all cities, and 8 of the 14 had as small a number as
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
168
EEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
the average in the rural dujtrict« of the island. The smallest number
of i>crson8 to a building was found in the cities of Santa Clara province,
except Cienfuegos.
Of the 297,905 buildings in Cuba, 262,724, or about seven-eighths
(88.2 per cent), w^re occupied, and 35,181, or one-eighth (11.8 percent),
were unoccupied. The number and ratio of unoccupied buildings to
the total was as follows:
Province.
Habanft
Puerto Principe
8auta Clara
Bantiaffo
PInardel Rio...
Mataozatt
Total
buildings.
Unoccu-
I»er cent
Died
buildings.
pied.
&1,229
5,474
8.5
10,997
1,672
9.8
74,995
9,599
12,8
67,891
8,673
12.8
82. (M2
4; 155
13
. 41,751
5,608
13.4 1
The positions of Habana and Pinar del Rio suggest that unoccupied
buildings may be more common in the country. The following table
gives the number and proportion of unoccupied buildings in the 14:
cities separately reported:
District.
Buildings.
Unoccu-
buildings.
Percent
unoccu-
pied.
14 cities
78,915
218,990
8,338
26,843
10.5
12.3
ilest of Cuba
To ascertain whether the number of unoccupied buildings was unusu-
ally large because of recent disturbances, the figures for Porto Rico
may be used for comparison. On that island 11.3 per cent of the build-
ings were reported as unoccupied. It seems, therefore, that the pro-
portion in Cuba was not exceptional.
Passing to the occupied buildings or dwellings, one may examine the
average number of pei"sons to each. In this respect the provinces
rank as follows:
Persons
toa
dwelling.
Santa Clara...
Santiago
Habana (exclusive of city)
Matanzas
Puerto Principe
5.5
5.5
5.6
6.6 I
6.8
Province.
Persons
toa
dwelling.
Pinar del Rio
Habana city .
Cuba...
6.2
9.4
6.0
In the United States in 1890 there were 5.5 persons to a dwelling.
The table does not show that the average dwelling was more crowded in
Ilabana city than in Santa Clara, for in the one case the dwelling may
be more roomy. The dwelling is an unsatisfactory unit of measure,
just because it can not be defined. Hence thorough and accurate
Digitized by VjOOQIC
PEBS0N8 TO A DWELLING.
169
knowledge of local conditions i« requisite to interpret such a table as
the foregoing. Yet, if the dwellings of Cuba be divided into two
classes, city dwellings and country dwellings, some progress may be
made. This is done in the following table:
District.
Popula-
tion.
DwelllDgs.
Pereoufl
toa
dwelling.
Hcities
491,604
1,081,293
70,739
191,985
6.9
5.6
Rest of Cuba
There were rather more persons to a dwelling in the cities of Cuba,
but the difference is in no wise what the figures for Habana city in the
earlier table would lead one to expect. In many of the other cities of
Cuba, therefore, the number of persons to a dwelling must be low.
Indeed, when the figures as a whole for the 13 cities outside Habana
are compared with the rural districts, it appears that in those cities
there were on the average 5.6 persons to a dwelling, or just the same
number as in the country. In the following table the figures are given
for the urban and rural population of each province:
Province.
Persons to a dwell-
ing.
In urban
districts.
In rural
districts.
Habana.
8.9
6.9
7.6
5.2
6.4
5.6
5.6
5.5
6.2
6.0
5.6
5.6
MAtan;HM .
Pinardel Rio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
6.9
5.6
In the three western provinces there were more persons to a dwelling
in the cities, although outside of Habana province the differeiy^e was
slight; but in the three eastern provinces the position is reversed.
It may be inferred that the dwelling in Cuban cities outside Habana
is not much more roomy than it is in the rural districts, for space in a
city is usually more valuable than in the country, and if the average
city dwelling were larger it would probably contain more inhabitants.
In this respect there is a marked difference between the Cuban figures
and those for the large cities of the United States. The fifty -eight
American cities each having over 50,000 inhabitants had 7.3 persons
to a dwelling in 1890, and the rest of the country only 5.2. Still only
three American cities had more persons to a dwelling than Habana.
Dwellings and families, — By comparing the number of dwellings
with the number of families in Table XL, one may ascertain the ratio
between the censu.s families and the dwellings. Every dwelling con-
tains at least one family, for, as already explained, one person living
Digitized by VjOOQIC
170
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
alone is for census purposes a family, and an unoccupied place of
habitation is not a dwelling. As certain dwellings contain two or
more families, the number of census families must exceed the number
of dwellings. The figures for Cuba, compared with those for Uie
United States and Porto Rico, are given below:
Country.
Number of
families.
Number of
dwellings.
Families
to 100
dwell-
ings.
Cuba _
Porto Rioo
827,965
181,694
12,690.162
262,724
158,805
11,483,818
125
115
111
United States
From these figures it appears that there were more families to 100
dwellings in Cuba than in either Porto Rico or the United States. In
the following table the figures are given separately for each province
and for the city of Habana:
Province.
Santa Clara
Santiago
PinardelRio
Habana (excluding city)
Families
to 100
dwell-
ings.
110
110
112
118
Province.
Puerto Principe.
Matanzas
Habana (city) ..
Families
to 100
dwell-
ings.
122
124
227
The families to 100 dwellings in Cuba, outside the city of Habana,
were 114, or slightly less than in Porto Rico, but rather more than in
the United States. Habana city had more than 2 families to each
dwelling, a relation which held in the United States only for New
York, Brooklyn, and Fall River among the fifty largest cities of the
country.
SOURCE or WATER SUPPLY IN CUBA.
The original source of water supply in Cuba, as elsewhere, is rain-
fall. This rain may fall on a building and be guided into and stored
in a cistern, or may fall on and percolate through the gix)und either
under or upon the surface. Flowing water may be obtained for
human use as it comes to the surface either in a natural spring or an
artificial well. Or it may be obtained as it flows over the surface
either in a natural water course or in an artificial water course or
aqueduct. Accordingly the census recognizes four sources of water
supply, as follows:
1. Cistern for rain water.
2. Spring or well for ground water.
3. Water from a natural stream.
4. Water from an aitificial aqueduct.
Digitized by
Google
80UB0E OF WATER SUPPLY.
171
As many homes in Cuban cities take water from street vendors, the
answers given to the enumerators at the houses regarding the source
from which the vendors obtain it may be open to some slight question,
but there seems little reason to deny the substantial correctness of the
returns.
These four sources are drawn upon for a water supply in the fol-
lowing proportions:
Source of vrater supply.
Number
of dwellngB
supplied
fromsouioe
named.
dstenis for rain water
Stream
Aqueduct
Etoringorwell
Not specified
Total
120, an
74,868
41,748
17,766
8,226
262,724
Percent
of total
dweU-
16
7
8
100
Nearly half the dwellings in Cuba got water from cisterns and more
than one-fourth from streams, or three-fourths from these two sources.
The proportion using each of these four sources in each ^province is
shown in the following table:
Province.
Per cent of dwellings obtaining water from
source named.
Cistern.
stream.
Aque-
duct.
Well.
Not
specified.
Total.
Habana(cit7}
Habana (excluding city)
Matanzas
Pinar-delRio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
16
100
Cisterns were used least in the capital, but with that exception were
least common in the two provinces at the ends of the island, where
one-sixth (Santiago) or one-third (Pinar del Rio) of the houses derived
water from this source. The other four provinces fall into two groups,
an eastern, Puerto Principe and Santa Clara, in which one-half of the
houses used cisterns, and a western, Habana outside the city and
Matanzas, in which nearly four-fifths of the houses relied on cisterns.
Where cisterns were most used streams were least used for water. In
the provinces at the ends of Cuba about three-fifths of the houses relied
on streams; in the east central group one-fifth, and in the west central
group less than one-tenth. About five-sixths of the houses in Habana
city derived water from an aqueduct. In Matanzas and Santiago the
proportion was about one-seventh, elsewhere less than one-tenth.
In tihe following tables the per cent of dwellings using these several
Digitized by VjOOQIC
172
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS. OF CUBA, 1899.
sources of water supply i» given for each of the fourteen cities sepa-
rately reported and then for the districts outside those cities by
provinces.
City.
Per cell
t of urban dwellings obtaining water
from sources named.
Total.
Aque-
duct.
Cistern.
Stream.
Well.
Not 8pec-
ified.
Cardenas
25
42
1
83
0
55
0
0
1
53
73
0
W
0
68
7
86
4
31
39
90
46
I
8
89
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
8
3
47
3
1
38
1
1
41
15
36
4
4
10
12
1
5
3
5
8
2
2
1
2
2
too
Ciciifuc^oH.
100
Ciuanabacua
100
Habana
100
Manzanillo
too
Matannu)
100
Plnardel Rio
100
Puerto Principe ■.
100
Regla
100
Saeua la Grande
100
Saneti SplritUH
17 0
0 , 10
3 1
11 87
100
Santa Clara
100
Santiaffo
100
Trinidad
100
Urban ('ubii
53
23
3 14
7
100
The most iucoinplete returns under this head were from the cities in
Habana province. The seven cities which apparently had a municipal
water supply 'stand out sharply in the first column, and in the order
of the proportion of houses supplied with water through an aqueduct
they mnk as follows: Santiago, Habana, Saneti Spiritus, Matanzas,
Sagua la Grande, Cienfuegos, and Cardenas.
The following notes regarding the water supply of these cities have
been derived from various sources:
CAKDENAS.
as haa had an aqueduct which supplies water from a subterra-
distaiit from the t(^wn, which furnishes an abundant supply at
d per mouth for each faucet. The well water and that from
is brackish and not potable, so that, as a rule, the poor purchase
; carriers. (Military Notes on Cuba.)
CIENFUEGOS.
it of a waterworks system has been made, and the water tower,
ion of over 100 feet above the harbor level, is one of the striking
»pe; but at last accounts the company had not begun to furnish
source of supply was from underground cisterns, the owners of
some revenue from selling water to tlieir less fortunate ueigh-
er is absolutely inadequate to the demands of the city. The
deuces liave cement cisterns built in the ground and use rain
supply comes from a small stream, the Jicotea River, a small
m. The water is pumped into two aqueducts. The principal
after the Jicotea River, holds 400,000 liters; a smaller one, the
300,000 liters. Pipes from these two aqueducts nm through a
)ve ground alongside the curbing. The gates are open only two
)spitals use. this water after boiling. As a remetly for this*Cou-
re was a project to bring water from a point 20 miles distant from
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY, 173
the falls of the Havabanilla River, 1,200 feet al)ove the sea. Absolute freeilom from
pollution was claimed. It was abandoned on account of the war. Tlie estimated
cost of this work was $1,000,000. The Jicotea aqueduct is simply a large open cistern
built of rocks and cement. There are about 200 wells in the city, but infected.
(United States Sanitary Inspector D. E. Dudley, quoted by R. P. Porter.)
The present water supply of Halmna is excellent, being derived from the pure and
extensive springs of Vento, about 9 miles, distant from the city. The present m^ue-
duct, completeil in 1893 or 1894, was begun in 1861, and is known as El Canal de
Albear. At the source of supply there is a large stone basin into which the springs
or, more properly, subterranean streams bubble. At one side is a magnificent gate-
house. From this runs the aqueduct, which is an egg-shaped brick tunnel, generally
under ground, but marked at frequent intervals along its route by turrets of brick
and stone. The present water supply enters the city through the suburb of Cerro,
which formerly had few, if any, connections with it, the population of this suburb
purchasing their water from the street carriers. There is an old aqueduct also run-
ning into the city, built as early as 1597, known as the Zanja. Tlie source of this
water supply was, or is, the Almendares River, only about 2 miles away, the water
of which was unquestionably impure. There are but few wells and cisterns in the
city, and to-day nearly all of the water used is pure. It should perhaps l)e said that
the waterworks enterprise is a municipal affair. (Clark. )
The present water supply of Ilabana is excellent, although it is used by only a por-
tion of the population. It comes from the enormous springs on the banks of the
Almendares River, about 8 miles due south of the city. These springs are inclosed
in a masonry structure about 150 feet in diameter at its base and 250 feet at the top
and 60 feet deep. Masonry drains are laid around the upper surface to prevent any
surface water from washing into the spring. At the base of this spring the water is
constantly bubbling up and appears to l>e of remarkable purity. The supply is so
lai^ that it more than fills all the present requirements, and a large portion of it
runs to waste. From the spring the water is conveyed under t he Almendares River by
pipes situated in a tunnel, and from the north side of the river the water is conveyed
in a masonry tunnel or aqueduct for a distance of about 6 miles, where it discharges
into a receiving reservoir, the altitude of which is 35 meters, or about 108 feet, above
the sea level. From the distributing reservoir the water is carried into the city by
gravity in pipes, the highest point in the thickly populated portion of the city being
68 feet. The pipes in the streets are said to be small, and there is not sufficient pres-
sure to carry the water to the upper stories of the small number of buildings which
exceed one story in height. In these buildings pumping is necessarj'. There are
said to be about 18,000 houses in the city, and from a report made by the municipal-
ity in 1897 it appears that the number of houses directly connected with the water
pipes is 9,233. The poorer houses, which are not thus connected, obtain water either
by purchase from the street vendors or by getting it from public taps, of which there
are a certain number scattered throughout the city. (General Greene, quoted by
R. P.Porter.)
MATANZAS.
Since 1872 it has had a fine water supply, though only about half the houses are
connected with the water system, and many of the people still buy water of street ven-
dors without knowledge as to the source of supply or purity of the water. (Porter. )
SANTIAGO.
The city has a good water supply furnished through an aqueduct namotl El Paso
delaVirgen. (Clark.)
Digitized by VjOO^IC
174
BKPOBT OK THE CEK8U8 OF CUBA,
There is no city in which one-third of the houses obtain water
directly from a natural stream, and in more than half of the cities this
source of supply is not recognized. The only cities in which it is
important are Manzanillo, Sancti Spiritus, and Trinidad.
MANZANILLO.
Manzanillo lies on the coast of Santiago, about three-quarters of a
mile from the mouth of the Yara. "The water supply formerly came
from the river Yara, but proved to be so unhealthy that now the
inhabitants rely entirely upon cisterns." (Clark.) In the light of the
preceding figures this is evidently a statement of what should be
rather than what is.
BANCn sratiTus.
"Sancti Spiritus is situated on both banks of the Yayabo, which
flows 5i miles to empty into the Zaza at a point about 20 miles from
the sea." (Military Notes on Cuba.)
TRINIDAD.
"The course of the river Guaurabo lies within half a mile of Trini-
dad." (Clark.)
Regarding the water supply of the other five cities, Guanabacoa,
Pinar del Rio, Puerto Principe, Regla, and Santa Clara, the following
notes are submitted:
GUANABA€X>A.
"Guanabacoa is noted for its numerous springs and wells and for
the excellence and abundance of its drinking water." (Military Notes
on Cuba.)
PINAR DBL mo.
"The river on the outskirts has good water." (Military Notes.)
"The river which skirts the town could be utilized as a source for a
pure water supply." (Clark.)
PUERTO PRINCIPE.
"A small river runs through the town." (Military Notes.)
The following table shows by provinces the per cent of all dwellings
in the districts outside the fourteen cities supplied with water in the
manner specified:
Provliice.
Per cent of dwellings in rural districts obtaining
water from sources specified.
Total.
Cistern.
Stream.
Well.
Aque-
duct
Not
specified.
Habana
80
88
81
66
66
20
10
6
61
29
25
72
I
I
2
12
7
4
6
8
1
0
1
8
3
2
2
8
2
1
100
100
M Mi^nm^
Pinar del Rio
100
100
Puerto Principe ,
Santa Clara
100
SMitiago
100
Rural Cuba
64
88
4
2
2
100
A small number of dwellings in rural Cuba are reported to derive
water from an aqueduct. The municipal districts containing as many
Digitized by VjOOQIC
WATEB SUPPLT AND OABBAOE DISPOSAL.
175
as 100 such dwellings are as follows: In Habana province, Marianao
(196), San Antonio de los BaSos (369), Batabano (505), Guines (500);
in Matanzas province, Jovellanos (408) and Bolondron (188); in Pinar
del Rio province, Mariel (192); in Santa Clara, Abreus (139), Rodas
(188), and Sagua la Grande outside the urban part (127); in ^ntiago,
El Caney (427) and Baracoa (687).
The general reliance upon water from streams in the two provinces
at the ends of Cuba — ^Pinar del Rio and Santiago — and upon cisterns in
the four central provinces is clearly shown in the preceding tables.
There seems some reason for doubt whether the line of division
between cisterns for rain water {aljibe) and well or spring for ground
water {pozo) was clearly understood by the enumerators and those
who answered their questions.
DISPOSmON OF QARBAOE.
The enumerators were instructed to write in the column for answers
to this question ^^Municipal^^ (municipal), ^^ Particular'^'* (private), or
" Se quenwP'* (by burning), according to the method of disposition used
at the dwelling where the question was put. In addition to these three
classes it was necessary to introduce a fourth for unspecified or insuffi-
ciently specified, but only 2 per cent of the houses fell into this last
class. The facts for Cuba as a whole are shown in the following table:
Method of dlspoBlng of garbage.
Municipal . . .
Burning
Private
Not specified
Total ..
Namberof
dwellingB
sore-
porting.
84,855
88,287
6,868
262,724
Per cent
of all
dwell-
ings.
34
32
32
2
100
In this respect, as in that of water supply, the main difference is
between the city and the country districts. In the following table,
therefore, the methods of disposing of garbage in the several cities are
given:
Fer cent of urban dwellings tuing specified method of garbage disposal.
City.
Munici-
pal.
Burning.
Private.
Not
specified.
Toto).
Cardenas
79
92
81
91
95
90
98
98
92
74
81
83
91
67
9
2
7
1
2
3
0
1
1
9
9
13
5
26
9
5
5
2
2
4
4
2
0
16
8
3
2
6
3
1
7
6
1
3
3
4
7
1
2
1
2
1
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Cienf uegos
Qoanabacoa
Habana
ManzaniUo
MatanffM
Pinar del Rio
Puerto Principe
Regla !7.
Bagna la Grande
SancU^iritus
Santa Clara
Santiago
Trinidad
Urban Cuba
88
4
4
4
100
Digitized by VjOOQIC
170
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
From this table it is dear that, taking the dwellings as a whole, in
the 14 cities, 7 in every 8 of them had some municipal system of dis-
posing of garbage. The cities of Santa Clara, except Cienfuegos, were
apparently least well provided in this respect. In the cities of that
province, more commonly than elsewhere in Cuba, garbage was dis-
posed of by burning.
In the following table the same facts are given by pi*ovinces for the
rural districts of Cuba:
JW rent of ninU dfOfUingH %mng sjiecified method of gnrinige dixpoHal.
I
I*rovIneo.
Habana
MatauzaK
Finardel Rio
Puerto Principe .
Santa Clara
Santiago
Rural Cuba
Munici-
pal.
Burning.
Private
Not
specified.
Total.
20
20
10
5
12
11
22
28
2
64
43
79
54
50
m
28
43
9
4
2
2
3
2
1
100
100
100
100
100
100
14
42
42 1 2 1 100
Outside of the lA cities al)out 1 dwelling in 7 enjoyed some public
means of gaibage disposal, and the prevalence of this varies in rough
agreement with the density of rural population as given on page 74.
The only priv^ate means specified is that of burning, and this is increas-
ingly prevalent from west to east. To show this, the provinces have
been arranged in the following list in their order from west to east
and the per cent of rural dwellings burning their garbage indicated.
Pinar del Rio,
Habana
Matanzafl
Per cent
of rural
dwell-
ings
burning
garbage.
Province.
Santa Clara
Puerto Principe
Santiago
Percent
of niral
dwell-
ings
baminf^ '
garbacre.
43
64
79
The houses having other means of garbage disposal obviously vary
in the reverse way; that is, when burning is common, other priv^ate
means are uncommon, and vice versa.
DISPOSITION OF EXCRETA.
The entries which the enumerators were allowed to make in the
column containing the answers to this question were pozo^ inodoro^
or niiiguna (none). In addition to the three thus allowed there will
be found in the tables a fourth class of "not specified" to cover cases
where the question was not answered. The only recognized methods
of disposal, therefore, were pozo and ivodoro. As it is difficult to find
Digitized by VjOOSIC
LATRINE SYSTEM.
177
any exact English equivalent for these words, they will be retained in
the following discussion of the tables/
The following table shows the frequency of these various modes of
dispoi^l:
Mode of disposing of excreta.
Number of
dwellings
uringltin
Per cent
of total
dwell-
ings.
No form
129, 245 <1Q i
Pow>
110,695
13,&I4
9,140
42 1
Inodoro
5 1
Not specified
Total
262,724 i«n
About half the dwellings in Cuba had no provision of any kind for
this purpose. It is said that in rural Spain the inhabitants commonly
have no closets or outhouses, but resort to the fields, and the same is
apparently true of Cuba. Of the houses having conveniences of this
sort nine-tenths (8.9 per cent) reported B,pozdSLnd one-tenth an inoduro.
In this respect the provinces stand as follows:
Per cent of total dwellings supplied with specified mode of disposal of excreta.
Province.
Pozo.
Inodoro. No form.
Not
Hpecifled.
Habana (city)
43
57
48
20
40
47
36
i»
3
85
47
77
57
50
63
6
Habana (excluding city)
8
Matanzas
2
3
Pinar del Rio
3
Puerto Principe
8
Santa Clara
3
Bantlaffo .... . ....
1
**
Total
42
5
49
4
It is clear that outside of Habana City and Matanzas province the
iTwdoro is hardly known. In the following table the facts are given
for the thirteen other cities separately reported:
Per cent of urban dwellings using specified method of disposing of excretd.
city.
Pozo.
Inodoro.
None.
Not
HpeclHed.
Total.
Cardenas
87
93
83
94
78
94
69
91
89
82
76
93
96
3
4
7
2
10
5
8
2
26
1
5
16
22
4
2
3
, 1
7
1
3
4
5
7
2
2
2
2
2
100
Cienfuegos
100
Guanabacoa
100
MRTiKiinillo
100
MA^nxfUf . . , .
11
100
PinardelRio
100
I*uerto Principe
100
Regla !7.
1
4
100
Sagua la Grande
100
Sancti Sniritus
100
Santa CTara
1
1
100
Santiago
100
Trinidad
100
Urban Cuba (excluding Habana)
85
3
9
3
100
* Note OD meaning of pozo and inodoro. The ^^ inodoro^* includes every receptacle
for excreta in which an effort is made to destroy or decrease the foul odors arising
24662 12
Digitized by VjOOQIC
178
BEFOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18d9.
This table shown that Matanzas is the only city besides Haba,na in
which an inodoro was found in one-tenth of the dwellings and that in
half the other 12 cities it did not occur in an appreciable number of
cases. In 4 of these 13 cities at least 10 per cent of the houses Vere *
without closet conveniences and in 2 more than 1 dwelling in 6 was
thus unprovided.
• In the following table the facts are given for the rural districts of
Cuba:
Per cent of rural dtDeUvngs using aqpedfied method of disposing of excreta.
Province.
Hab«na
Matanzas
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe .
Santa Clara
Santiago
Rural Cuba
Poxo.
32
Inodoru.
None.
65
Not
specified.
ToUI.
100
100
too
100
100
100
100
In rural Cuba thei*e was. a ^20 in connection with about one-third
of the dwellings, while two-thirds were without this or any other form
of receiving excreta.
therefrom, usually by the addition of such substances as lime, dry clay, or ashes.
The po2o includes all other forms of closet. The modem form of closet flushed by
water from a system of pipes, called escusctdo ingUsy is very unusual in Habana, and
unknown elsewhere in Cuba. Either the inodoro or the pozo is cleaned, when it
is cleaned at all, by scavengers hired by the property owner.
Digitized by
Google
POPULATION TABLES.
Table I. — Total populaiion at different cenjiuses.
Year.
Popula-
tion.
Year.
Popula-
tion.
1774
172,620
272,301
563,028
704,487
1841
1,007,624
1792
1861
1,396,530
1817
1887
1,631,687
1827 .'
1899
1,572,797
Tablk II. — Popvdaiion of Vtiba and iU provinces at various censuses.
Province.
1861.1
1887.
451,928
259,578
225,891
67,789
354,122
272,879
1899.
Habana
393,789
234,524
146,685
85,702
271,310
264,520
424,811
Matanzas
202,462
Pinar del Rio
173,082
Puerto Principe
88,237
Santa Clara
a%,537
Santiago de Cuba
327,716
1 Cuba
1.396,530
1,631,687
1,572,846
•
> Population of provinces estimated. See Appendix XVI.
Tablk III. — Population of municipal districts in 1887 and 1899, as constituted at the
latter date,' with gain or loss of population.
habana province.
Municipal districts.
1887.
Gain.
Loss.
Affuacate
AlQuizar
Bauioa
Batabano
Bauta „
Bejucal
Cano ,
CeibadelAgual!. !!..]..*!...' !.'!." .'..'.!... *."..'...'..!
Guanabacoa
Guara
Guinea
Guira de Melena
Habana
IsladePinos
Jamco
Madruga
Managua
Marittoao *
Melena del Sur
Nueva Pax
Pipian
Quivican
Regla
Salud
San Antonio de las Vegas
San Antonio de loe Banos
San Felipe
San Jose de las Lajas
San Nicolas
Santa Cruz del Norte (formerly San Antonio de Rio Blanco
and Jibacoa)
Santa Maria del Rosario
Santiago de 14b Vegas
Tapaste
VeredaNneva
3,346
8,814
4,188
8,016
8,070
7,902
3,745
8,886
6,112
3,232
28,043
4,M9
12,618
8,721
200,448
2, (MO
12,182
7,514
5,850
7,352
6,275
9,571
3,414
4,585
10,316
4,896
4,469
12,423
2,313
6,218
6,724
9,210
4,885
12,081
6,143
3,277
3,163
8,746
1,726
6,523
6,142
6,756
4,210
1,004
2,718
2,197
20,080
1,885
11, 3M
11,548
242,065
3,199
4,076
3,744
2,887
8,593
3,207
7,761
1,101
2,423
11,363
8,293
1,855
12,631
1,915
4,154
4,568
2,965
2,730
10,276
1,561
2,416
432
183
466
2,463
1,493
2,928
2,146
2,827
41,607
1,159
2,882
8,394
1.035
7,963
2,714
l,-224
1,241
8,106
8,770
2,963
1,047
"'208'
2,068
1,810
2,313
2,162
1,608
2,614
2«064
2,156
6,245
2,155
1,805
4,592
861
179
Digitized by VjOOQIC
180
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table 111. — J'ojmUUion of municijHil district in 1887 ami 1899, etc. — Continued.
MATANZAS PROVINCE.
Hanicipal districts.
Alacrancfl (tormerly Alfonso XII)
Bolondron
Cabczas
Canasl .'.
Cardenas
Carlos Rojas (formerly CimarroneK) . .
Colon
^Cuevitas
Ouamacaro
Jaguey Grande (formed from Colon).
Jovcllanos
Macamia
MacuriKCs
Marti (Tormerly Guamutas)
Matanzas
Maximo Gomez
Mendez Capote
Palmillfts
Perico ( formerly Cervantes)
Roque
Biibanilla
Ban Jose de los Kamos
Santa Ana ( formerly Cidra)
Union de Reyes
1«87.
9,711
11,816
8.802
4,524
23,354
6,879
16,679
6,323
10,245
8,518
5,410
13,374
U.589
66,379
8,132
5,349
8,818
3,204
8,216
8,871
9,031
6,219
8,135
8.110
9,179
5,184
1,993
24,861
8,174
12,195
5,807
6,000
5.853
7.529
5,042
10,405
8,905
45,282
4,046
2,158
7,647
4.449
4.464
6,205
6,765
2,966
5,226
oain.
1,507
'i,'869"
1,245
Loss.
1,601
2,637
8,618
2,531
3,705
516
4,245
2,969
2,684
11,097
4,086
3,191
1,171
8,752
8.666
2.286
8,254
2,909
PINAR DEL RIO PROVINCE.
Artemisa (including Cayajabos)
Bahia Honda
Cabanas
Candelaria (including Mangas)
Consolacion del Norte
Consolacion del Sur (including Alonso RoJas) —
Guanajay
Guane -'.
Guayabal
Mantua (including Baja)
Mariel
Palacios
Julian Diaz (formerly Paso Real de Ban Diego) . .
PinardelRio
San Cristobal (including Santa Cruz de los Pinos)
San Diego de los BanoB
San Diego de Nunez
San J uan y Martinez
San Luis
Vinales
16,776
8,506
8.560
9,875
7,934
20.328
9,512
22,708
6.337
11,122
7,902
6,601
4,920
29,497
9,066
6,317
4,180
17,974
7,327
11,560
9,817
2,117
3,853
4,866
7,399
16,665
8,796
14,760
2,710
8,366
3,631
2,456
1,871
38,343
4.263
2,419
1,137
14.787
7,608
17,700
8,846
281
6,150
6,468
6,389
4,707
6,009
535
8,663
716
7,948
3,627
2,756
4,2n
4.045
3.049
4.803
3,898
8.043
3,187
PUERTO PRINCIPE PROVINCE.
Ciego de Avila —
Moron
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
Santa Cruz del Sur,
7,929
9,801
1,872
8,919
9,630
711
6.618
10.355
8,737
40,958
53,140
12,182
3,365
5,308
1,943
SANTA CLARA PROVINCE.
y Amaro) .
3,819
5,106
12,957
10.537
7,029
9,723
40,961
7,251
6,490
12,769
8,014
4,709
9,337
3,995
8,660
13,419
14,495
6,244
6,954
59,128
3,825
7,953
7.811
9,603
6,527
11,961
176
3,544
462
8,958
785
' *i8,*i64"
2.7e9
8,426
1,463
4,948
1.689
1,818
2,524
Digitized by VjOOQIC
POPULATION BY WABD8 AND CITIES.
181
Table III. — PbpuUUum of municipal districts in 1887 and 1899, eU: — Continued.
SANTA CLARA PROVINCB-Continued.
Municipal districts.
1887.
1899.
Gain.
U,467
6,391
4,571
15,474
8,153
18,330
15,656
29,278
9,831
6.688
7,702
82,491
13,667
29.448
6,280
90
82
id
33
52
i2
32
99
59
15
90
87
rz
71
18
1,141
488
1,409
3,012
3,438
Loss.
Qnemado de Ouines
Bancho Veloz
Ranchnelo
Remedies
Rodas
8agua la Grande
San Antonio de las Vueltas
Sanctl Spiritns
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando (formerly Camarones)
San Jnan de Iab Veres
Santa Clara
Santo Dominiro
Trinidad
Ya^uajay
2,577
2,824
8.569
4,462
243
2,102
4,054
3,295
5,177
SANTIAGO DE CUBA PROVINCE.
Al to Songo
Baraooa
Bayamo
Campechuela ( formed from Manzanillo)
Caney
Cobre
Cristo (formed from Manzanillo)
Gibara
Ooantanamo
Holfuln
Jigxiani
Manzanillo
Mayari
Niaoero ( formed from Manzanillo)
Puma Soriano ( formed from Santiago)
Puerto Padre (formerly Victoria de las Tunas).
Sagua de Tanamo
San Lais (formed from Santiago)
Santiago de Cuba
10,221
18,057
17,676
8,686
8,261
26,342
23,741
82,238
7,808
34,220
7,990
12,049
6,476
59,614
12,770
21,944
21,198
7,369
9,126
10,707
1,194
81,594
28,063
84,506
10,495
32,288
8,504
2,718
12,806
19.9»l
6,796
11,681
45,478
2,549
8,887
3,517
440
2.446
5,252
4,322
2,268
2.687
9,349
514
7,935
320
9,850
Table IV. — Population by nxirds and by cities.
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
Total POPULATION 424,804
Aguacate District 8. 163
Aguacatc and Zabaleta 2,196
ReloJ and Compostizo 967
Alqolaar District 8,746
Alquizar, Primero 1,837
Alquizar. Segundo 1, 877
Guanimar 485
UPaz 1,011
Palenque 1,933
San Andres 293
Tumbadero •. 1, 310
Bainoa District 1,725
BalBoa and Santa Cruz 482
Camballo 496
Hamcy Duro and Reloj 748
Batabano District 6,623
Batabano 1,025
Onanabo 436
Mavagnano 352
Qnlntlnal and San Au^istiu 976
Surgldero 3,G83
iNliuids 61
Bauta District 5,142
HoyoColorado 1,016
Baracoa, Anafe, and Corralillo 1 , 025
Punta Brava and Cangrejeras 2, 205
San Pedro and Guatao «66
Bejucal District 5,756
Primero 997
Segundo 1,068
Tercero 1,093
Piedras 1,670
Remainder of district 928
Cano District 4,210
Arroyo Arenas 1,003
Cano and Jaimanitas 1, 320
Wajay 1,H87
Casiffuas District (not given by wardH).
Catalina District (not given by wards) .
l.OOt
2.718
Ceibft del Agua District 2,197
a>ibftdclAinm 909
Virtudes and Chicharron 621
Remainder of district 667
Digitized by VjOOQIC
182 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table IV. — Population by nxirds and by cities — Ck)ntmued.
PROVINCE OF HABANA— ConUnued.
Quanabaooa District 20,080
Afloncion, Este 1,506
Asuncion, Oeste 2,796
BacuranAo •. 1,467
CampoFlorido 601
Cojimar 1,686
Corral FalBO, Este 1,888
Corral Falao, Oeate 1,991
Cm* Verde 2,485
San Francisco, Este 2,043
San Francisco, Oeste 1,807
San Hlfuel del Padron and Pepe An-
tonio 2,482
Quara District (not giyen by wards) 1, 836
Qui nes District 11,394
Firstand Crux 1,848
Second and Rubio 3,367
Third and Yamaraguas 2,350
Fourth 1,094
Candela North and South and Gua-
nalo 609
Candela Baja, San Pedro, and San
Julian : 966
Nombre de Dios 1,681
Guirade Melena 11,648
Calio 9^
Gabriel 764
Jerez 1,274
JuribcuKw 811
Melena 1, 462
Norte 2,620
Sur 2,396
Sibanacan 1, 136
Tumbadero 632
Habana District 242,066
Habana City-
Arroyo Apolo 2,166
Arsenal 6,131
Atares 7,674
CasaBlanca 2,440
Ceiba 6,783
Cerro 10,741
Chavez 7, 698
Colon 7,371
Dragones 6,604
Guadalupe 7 617
Jesus del Monte .....' 9,d6i9
Je«us Maria 8, 916
ii^yano 1,264
JJarte 6,002
Monserrate 7 829
Paula 3' 791
Penalver :.:;;: 8;567
Pilar e'lll
Pueblo Nuevo * ' g* 376
Sl?^,- : 10;637
^£elipe 3,660
San Francisco 4 216
San Juan de Dios * * " 4' 420
. San Lazaro " 20*616
San Leopoldo 7' 401
SanNicolas A'tol
SantaClara rSfi?
Santa Teresa '.:: J'tSb
Santo Angel riS
SantoCristo J'AS
Sanlsidro J'S2
Tacon g'S^
Template .[', S'J^
vedado yprincipe. :::::::::::::: tm
Villanufcva W(^
vives : : l'^
instituaons \\\\[y.][::::: lim
Habana District— Continued.
Remainder of district—
Arroyo Naranjo 1,771
Calvario l.CMl
Puentee Gmndes 8.262
Isla de Pinos District 8,199
Caleta Grande 315
Santa Fe 1.050
Remainder of district 1.834
Jaruco District 4,076
Guanabo 908
Maceo, Garzo, Guaicanamar, and
Tablas 766
Plaza, Jaruoo. Cuartel, and Comerdo. 1, 139
Remainder of district 1,263
Madruga district 3.744
Concordia, Majagua, and San Bias. . . 9I»
Madruga, Este..... 676
Madruga. Oeste 1,328
Remainder of district 812
Managua District 2,887
Managua 1,063
Remainder of district 1,824
Marianao District 8,593
Cooosoto 2,602
Lisa 680
Playa 674
Pocito 1.560
QuemadoB.... 3.177
Melena del Sur District (not given by
wards) 8.207
Nueva Paz District 7,761
Bagaez 1,229
Nueva Paz 2,294
Palos 2,630
Vegas 1,608
Pipian District (not given by wards) 1, 101
Quivican District (not given by wards) . . 2, 423
ReglaDistrict 11,868
First : 2,818
Second 3.084
Third 3,001
Fourth ^. 2,610
Salud District (not given by wards) 3, 298
San Antonio de las Vegas District (not
given by wards) 1,856
San Antonio de I08 Banos District 12,631
Armonia 672
Chicharo 404
Este 2,066
Govea 671
Monjaa 9^
Norte 2,966
Quintana 705
Santa Rosa 457
Seborucal 452
Sur ;;;;; 3 147
vaiie ;...;:: '''{^
San Felipe District (not given by wards). 1,916
Digitized by VjOOQIC
POPULATION BY WARDS AND CITIES.
183
Tablk IV. — Population by iDards and by cUieg — Continue<l.
PROVINCE OP HABANA— Continued.
8ui JoeedeUs Lajas 4,161
Primero »28
Segnndo 2,096
Remainder of district 1,190
Sftn Nicolas Difltrict 4,568
Babiney Prieto and Caimito. .
Barbndo
577
do 736
Paradero and Gabriel 1,923
SanNioolaaandJobo 1,332
Santa Cnii del Norte Ustrlct 2,965
San Antonio de Rio Blanco del Norte. 965
Santa Cms del Norte 9»4
Remainder of district 1,066
Santa Maria del Rosario District.
San Pedro ,
Santa Maria del Rosario.
Remainder of district . . . .
2,TJ0
544
901
Santiago de las Vegas District 10,276
1,553
1,152
531
3,062
920
3,058
Tapaste District 1,561
Boveroe
Calabazar ...
Dona Maria .
Norte
Rincon
Sur
Santa Barbara and Jaula. ,
Tapaste and San Andres. .
Vereda Nueva District .
Norte.
Sur...
272
1,279
1,125
1,291
PROVINCE OP MATANZAS.
Total population 202,214
Alacianes District 8,110
Estante
Este
Galeoncito.
Norte
Oeste
Sur
2,823
716
474
1,267
1,777
1,063
Bolondron District 9,179
Bolondron 1
Bolondron 2
Bolondron 3
Ouira
Lucia and Oonzalo. . .
Piedras and Cienega .
Panta and Alveres. . .
Zapata and Oaleon. . .
983
824
847
1,676
2,326
577
1,363
633
Cabexas District 6,184
1,871
761
1,721
612
229
Bermeja.,
Blla
Oabesas..
Magdalena.
Canasi District .
Norte.
Sur...
1,^
1,624
Cardenas District 24,861
Cardenas City-
District 1, Barrio 1 1,659
District 1, Barrio 2 8,664
District 2, Barrio 1 1,874
District 2, Barrio 2 8,720
District 8, Barrio 1 8,987
District S, Barrio 2 2,305
District 4, Barrio 1 3,146
District 4, Barrio 2 2,186
Cantel and Quasimas 1,581
Pueblo Nuevo, Pnndicion, and Ver-
salles 311
Varadezo 1,029
Carlos Rojas District (not given by bar-
rios)
3,174
ColonDistrict 12,195
Amarillas
Calimete
Colon, Barrio 1 .
Colon, Barrio 2 .
Colon, Barrio 3 .
Colon, Barrio 4 .
Colon, Barrio 5 .
Colon, Barrio 6 .
1,746
3,274
1,412
1,653
919
787
1,299
1,105
Cuevitas District 5,807
Aslento
Cuevitas
Jabaco
Venturilla
Quamacaro District .
Canlmar
Caobas
Coliseo
Guamacaro
Limonar, Este . .
Limonar, Oestc .
San Miguel
Sumideio
609
2,631
997
1,667
6,000
161
1,197
620
552
1,393
1,483
374
220
Jaguey Grande District 5,853
Clenaga de Zapata .
Gallardo
Jaguey Grande
Lopez
Ruvira
Sinu.....
Jovellanos District 7,629
Asuncion
Jovellanos, Barrio 1 .
Jovellanos, Barrio 2 .
Jovellanos, Barrio 3 .
Realengo
San Jose
427
1,M2
1,617
1.162
863
2.018
Digitized by VjOOQIC
184
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Table IV. — PfppukUion by ward* and by cUiea — Continned.
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS— Continued.
Ifflcagna Diitrict 5,042
Arabo§ .* 2,241
Mayabon 1,092
Monte Alto 680
Oeste 1,029
Macurigea Dtelrlct 10,406
Batalla 796
Ciego 696
Claudlo 1,890
Macuriges, EBte 965
Macuriges, Oe«te 1,071
Macurigee,8ur 1,066
Navajaa 781
Platanal and Unch 313
PunUBrava 1,508
Rio Blanco 1,577
Tramojos 404
Marti Dintrlct 8,906
Quamutas 2,606
Itabo 252
LaTeJa 695
Lofl Cayo8 374
Marti, Norte 2,495
Marti,Sur 896
Motembo 2,188
Matanww DiJrtrict 45,282
Matanzas City—
DIatrict 1, Barrio 1 1,600
District 1, Barrio 2 2,570
District 2, Barrio 1 4,147
District 2, Barrio 2 8,696
District 3, Barrio 1 6,050
District 3, Barrio 2 , 2,305
District 4, Barrio 1 8,270
Pueblo Nuevo 8,420
Verealles 4,812
Asylums, convent*, and hospitals. 704
Arroyo and Cam pana 1,148
Canarioca 814
Can i mar and Paso Seco 597
Celba Mocha 1,828
Chlrino 702
Corral Nuevo 754
Cumbre and Bacunayagua 1,831
Guanabana 1,005
San Francisco 234
Maximo Gomez District 4,046
Altamiml 776
MaximoGomez 2,292
Rancho del Medio 701
Sabanilla 277
Mendez Capote District ^ 2,158
Contreras 921
Mendez Capote, 1 812
Mendez Capote, 2 425
Palmillas District 7,647
Ctunanayagua 909
Guareiias ! 798
Jacan 1,642
Manguito 3,289
Palmillas 964
PeriooDistrict 4,449
Altamisal 1,689
Perico, Norte 2,436
Perico, Sur 324
Roque District 4,464
Caobillas 1,4»4
Guamalales 499
MoetacilU 688
Quintana and Tomeguin 861
Roque 1,482
Sabanilla District 5,205
Mondejar and Auras 401
Palma and Canimar 1,023
Sabanilla 3.781
San Jos^delos Ramos District 6,765
Banagniaes, Pueblo 931
Banaguises, Rural 2.046
Pueblo Nuevo 1,487
San Joe6 de los Ramos 2,301
Santa Ana District 2,965
Barriol 1.421
Barrio 2 285
Barrio 3 722
Barrio4 453
Barrio 5 84
Union de Reyes District 6,2i6
Pueblo Nuevo 645
Iglesial 1.969
Igl€«ia2 1.707
IglesIaS 1,005
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Total POPULATION 173,064
Artemisa District 9,317
Artemisa 4,179
Canas 984
Capellanias 228
Cayajabos 1,022
Dolores 1,692
Puerta de la Gulra 498
Virtudes 719
Bahia Honda District 2,117
Bahia Honda and Aguacate 1,278
Corralillo and Mulata 214
San Miguel and Manimani 625
Cabanas District 3,853
Cabanas and San Miguel 1,917
Ceiba 1.366
Conchitaand Delicias 228
Vigia and San Ramon 342
Candelaria District 4,866
Bayate, Puerto Rico, and San Juan
del Norte 630
Candelaria 1,697
Carambola, Lomas, and Rio Hondo . . 808
Las Mangas 1, 280
San Juan de Barracones, Mira Ciclos,
andFrias 466
Digitized by VjOOQIC
POPULATION BY WAED8 AND CITIES.
185
Table IV. — Population by wards and by eitien — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO— Continued.
Consolaclon del Norte District 7,899
Berracos 1,066
Caiguanabo 439
La Ja^ua 1,567
La Paima and Rio de Puercofl 1,240
LosPuentes 694
Rio Blanco and Arroyo Naranjo 888
San Andres 671
VegasNuevas M4
Consolacion del Sur District 16,666
AlonsoRoJas ' 2,182
Cohnenar and Hato Quemado 676
Consolacion del Snr City, not given by
wards 3,062
Horcones 1,608
Lajas and Capemza 702
Lena 914
Naranjo and Caimitos 1,073
Pllotos 1,918
Rio Hondo and la Jagua 2,846
San Pablo and Camarones 1,689
Santa Clara 645
Qnanajay District 8,796
Cabriales 683
Quanaiay, Norte 2, 676
Ouana3ay,8ur 8,808
SanFrancisco 626
San Jose 889
Santa Ana 766
Guane District 14,760
Cabo de San Antonio 270
Cortes and Serranos 1,856
Guane 1,088
Juan Gomez 912
LaGrifa 2,118
MarUnas 1,746
Paso Real and Catalina 890
Portales and Teneria 1,263
Punta de la Sierra and Loe Acostas .. 1,502
Remates 8,014
Sabalo, Trinidad, and Santa Teresa. . . 667
Guayabal District 2,710
Caimlto 1,269
Guayabal and Banes , 879
Quintana ! 662
Jtilian Diaz District 1,871
■ Herradnra and Ceja de la Herradura. 516
Julian Diaz and Palacioe 1,260
Santa Monica and Guajiro 96
Lo« Palacios District 2,466
Toro and Bacunagnas 196
Los Palacioe 1,549
Macuriges 238
Sierra, Santo Domingo, and Limones. 471
Mantua District 8,866
Arroyos and Santa Isabel 1,079
BaJa 8,741
Cabezas and La Ceja 1,281
Guayabo and Lazaro 288
MantuaandMontezuelo 802
Santa Maria and San Jose 428
Sierra Derrumbado 767
Mariel District 3,631
Jobaco and Rayo 263
Macagual and Qulebra Uacha 1,058
Mariel and Boca 2,085
Molina, Moequltos, and Guajaybon ... 161
San Juan Bautista and Playa 74
Pinar del Rio District ^.. 88,343
Cabeias i,621
Cangre 4,208
Guayabo 1,894
Isabel Maria 1 , I86
Marcos Vazquez 974
Ovas 2,883
PasoVieio 2,351
Pinardel Rio,Norte 8,949
Pinar del Rio, Sur 4,931
RIoFeo 1,034
RioSequito 4,278
San Jose 2,612
Sumidero 2,478
Taironas 4,694
San Cristobal District 4,263
Mayari,land2 277
Minas and Rio Hondo 402
San Cristobal 1,996
Santa Cruz de los Pinos 1,357
SitioHerrero 231
San Diego de los Banos District (not given
bywards) 2,419
San Diego de Nunez District (not given
bywards) 1,137
San Juan y Martinez District 14,787
Arroyo Hondo 1,918
Galaire and Guillen 668
Laffunillas 1,288
LuIsLazo 4,198
Primero de Martinez 1,097
RioSeco 1,920
San Juan V Martinez 2,970
Segundo de Martinez 893
San Luis District 7,608
Barbacoa 1,085
Barrigonas 544
TIrado MH
Uanada 415
Palizadas 608
RIoSeco 760
San Luis 8,663
Vinales District 17,700
Albino 739
Ancon 926
Cayosde San Felipe 417
Cuajani 2,021
Laguna de Piedra 2,328
Rosario 2,061
SanCayetano 2,920
San Vicente 1,987
Santa Fe ,667
San Tomas 1 , 670
Vinales 1,600
Yayal 624
Digitized by V^OOQIC
186 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablr W.—pTfimlatitm try wardn and by eUiefi — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PrERTO PRINCIPE.
T<*TAL POPriJlTION 88.234
Ciego de Avila Dljilrict 9, 801
Arroyo Blanco 862
Celba 203
aegode Avila 3,H92
Guanales 50H
Iguara 419
JlcotA 414 ,
Jucaro 468
Lazaro Lopez 1,121
Nuevaa 96"
Nuevaa de J<)b«*i 464
8anNlc«)lai4 493
Muron District.
9,630
Chambaa 92r»
(^peyeH - 633
Guadalupe 1,564
MaiToquin 1 , 0?3
Moron Este 1.439
Moron Oeste 1 . 731
Punta Alegre 496
Sandoval 1,028
Santa Gertrudis 752
Nuevitaa District 10,355
Baga 277
Lugareno 1, 610
Nuevltaa 1 1, 098
Nuevita« 2 1, 673
Nuevltaa 3 1,462
Redencion 830
Sabinal 107
San Miguel 716
Senado 2, 687
Puerto Principe Dtetrict 53,140
Altacracia l,3ia
CaoMllas 1,7»
Cascorro 1,9M
Contnunaestre 2,J«
Ecuador 2,215
Guaimjuo 2,>«
Guanaja M8
Llmones 90
Magarabomba l,3M
Maragnan 1,110
Minaa 2,S1»
Pueblo Noevo -l,®
Puerto Principe 1 2,836
Puerto Principe 2 2,474
Puerto Principe 3 6,115
Puerto Principe 4 6,1M
Puerto Principe 6 2,0*
Puerto Principe 6 l.M)
Puerto Principe 7 2,«7
Puerto Principe 8 1,667
Puerto Principe 9 1,3*0
Quemado 805
San Geronimo 986
SIbanicu 1,7SJ
Vista HermoM 981
Yaba 2.2ft
Yeguaa 748
Santa Cruz del Sur District 5,3»
Buena Ventura 352
Calzada and Playa Bonita 2,098
Guaicanamar 5S8
Guayabal 937
Junco l.ftS
San Pedro 240
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA.
TOTA I. POPULATION 366, 536
AbreuH District (not given by wards) 3, 996
550
782
Calbarien District 8,650 Ceja de Pablo District 6.951
Cartagena District— Continued.
Santiago
Soledad
Caibarien...
Conuco
Guajabana .
Taueo
7,013
496
478
663
Calabazar District 13,419
Centro 3,756
EiicruciJada 2,689
Matay Barro 1,267
Paso Real 433
Santo 2,573
Sitlo Grande 690
Viana 2,111
Camajuani District 14,496
Camajuanl 5,082
Egidos 700
Guadalupe 2,669
Sabana 1,621
Salamanca 1,704
Santa Clarita 1,501
Zulueta 1,318
Cartagena District 6, 244
Arriete and Bancs 656
Cartagena 1 , 917
Caacajal 2,017
Ciego Montero 433
Cejade Pablo ..
Corralillo
Palma Sola . .c . .
Sabana Grande.
Sierra Morena . .
Cienfuegos District 69.128
Aguada de Pasajeros
Arimao
Auras
Caimanera
Calicito
CasUllo :
Caunao
Cayos
Charcas
Cienfuegoe City (not given by wards) .
Cumanayagua
Gavilan and Gavilancito
Jicotea
Manacas
Mandinga
Ojode Agua
Ramirez
Sierra
Vaguaramas
CifuentcH District .
Alacran .
Amaro. . .
446
Digitized by VjOOQIC
POPULATION BY WARDS AND CITIES.
187
Table IV. — Population l/y wards and by cUie* — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA— Continued.
Cifuentes District— Continued.
Barro 279
Cifuentes 2,172
Sitio Grande 680
Cruces District 7,968
Cruces 4,173
Maltlempo 2,284
Monteflrme 678
Pueblo Nuevo 818
Esperanza District 7,8U
AsientoVieio 676
Esperanza Norte 997
EroeranzaSur 1,180
Jabonillar 720
Nuevas 1,309
Purlal 915
San Jose 976
San Vicente 1,138
Palmira District 6,527
Aiango 2,008
Palmira 4,619
Placetas District 11,961
Quaracabulla 1,194
Hernando and Sitio Potrero 1,215
Nazareno 719
Placetaaand Tibisial 7,866
San Andres and Vista Hermosa 1,467
Quemado deOulnes 8,890
Caguagoas 640
Carahatas 1,615
Ouines 1,174
PasoCabado 1,288
Quemado deGuines 8,082
San Valentin 843
Zambumbia S48
Rancho Veloz District 7.582
Afuas Claras 1,218
Cfiavez 1,156
Crimea 1,240
Guanillas 936
Santo Fe 2,982
Ranchuelo District 6, 069
Pozo de la China 1,101
Ranchuelo 1 2,170
Ranchuelo 2 849
SiUo Viejo 989
Rodas District 9,562
Congojas 2,171
Jabacoa 139
Limones 2,58*>
Medidas 1.327
Rodas 8,390
Sagua la Grande District 21, 842
Chinchila 1,654
Isabela de Sagua 2, 352
Jumagua 2,473
Sagua la Grande, Norte 7,069
Sagua la Grande, Sur 6, 669
San Juan 769
SiUecito 1,866
Shh Antonio de las Vueltos District 12, 832
AguadadeMoya 1,065
Bosque 2, 019
Cejade Pablo 1,546
Chaico Hondo 1, 01 3
Egidofi 634
Pfedras 1,204
Quinto 1,422
Sagua la Chica and Cayos 642
San Antonio de las Vueltas 1,336
Taguayabon 912
Vega Alto 1,140
Sancti Spiritus District 25,709
Banao 436
Bellamoto 981
Chorrera Brava 83
Cabaiguan 1,135
Ouasimal 1,500
Guayos l, 430
Jibaro 433
Manacas 475
Paredes 678
Paula 2,066
San Andres and Pueblo Nuevo 1,085
Santo Lucia 654
Taguasco and Pedro Barba 1,298
Tunas deZaza 1,014
Sancti Spiritus City, not given by
wards .-.. 12,696
San Diego del Valle District 5, iie9
Centro 1,298
Hatillo 461
Jicotea 665
MaguarayaAbajoyMaguaraya Arriba 1,154
• Mango ? 302
Sitio Nuevo 359
Yabu 1,130
San Fernando District 6, 445
Ciego Alonzo 1,238
Escarza 1,770
Lomas Grandes 786
Paradero 1,673
SanFemando 1,078
San Juan de las Yeras Distrita 5,600
AguasBonitas 415
Bemia 613
Guayo 927
Potrerillo 741
Quemado Hilario 608
San Juan 2,401
San Juan de los Remedios District 14, 833
Bartolome 512
Buenavisto 4, 071
Cangrejoand Remate 1,718
Carolina 658
Guaniiibes 1,047
Remeaios 6, 633
Tetuan 294
Santo Clara District 28,437
Baez 1,456
Carmen 8,061
Condado ; 1, 110
Egidos 1,987
La Cruz 2,111
Manicaragua 2, 916
Parroquia 3,349
Digitized by VjOOQIC
188
BEPORT ON THE CENSUft OK CUBA, 1899.
Table IV. — Population Ity ^rards and fry cilir» — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA— Continued.
Santa Clara District— Continued.
P«i«tora 3, in
Provincial 1,195
Puenle 2, 5M
Han Gil 3,411
Keibabo 1,596
InJrtituUons 488
Santa Isabel de las Lajw District 9.603
Centio 6,915
Nuevas 265
Salado and Sanu Rosa 407
Salto 1,199
Terry 817
Santo Doming District 10,372
Alyarez and Mordazo 1,085
Baracaldo, Potrerillo, and Arenas — 1, 346
Jicotea and San Bartolomc 1,246
Jiquiabo and Juqui 431
Manac&s and San Marcos 886
Puerto Escondido 741
Rio and Cerrito 734
Rodriffo 583
Santo Domingo, Esto 1,184
Santo Domingo, Oeste 896
Santo Domingo District— Omtinued.
San Juan 5cn
Yabucito TJB
Trinidad District 24, 2n
Cabagan 7«
Caracusey C7I
CasUda 2,234
Fomento 1,7^
Guaniqulcal 9e&
Ouinia de Miranda l^ aj6
Jiquimas SJTi
Rio de Ay 2, 417
San Francisco 5tf
San Pedro W2
Tavaba 909
Trinidad City, not given by wards 11, U)
Yaguajay District %m
Bambnranao sn
Centeno 447
Mayajigua i,2M
Meneses i, 6W
Seibabo 1,371
Yaguajav 2,e!E
Keys and Institutions i,S3B
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
Total Popoijition 327,715
Alto Songo District 12, 770
Alto Songo, Norte » 1|692
Alto Songo, Sur 1, 466
Florida Blanca 1,081
Jara Hueca 544
Loma del Gato 685
Mayari Arriba 975
Moron 927
Palenqne 1,900
Socorro and Maya 1,585
Ti-Arriba 2,015
Biiracoa District 21,944
Baracoa City, not given by wards — 4,937
Cabacu 715
Canete 322
Duaba 1,186
Grantierra. 632
Guandao 1,636
Gulniao 1,686
Hoyos ?29
Imlas M7
Jamal 1,024
Juaco 1, 425
Maisi 106
Mandinga * 910
Mata 738
Monte Cristo 739
Nibujon 514
Quemado 363
Sabana 654
Babanilla 780
Sitio 473
Toar 735
Veguita 541
Vertlentes 650
Bayamo District 21,193
Barrancas 1, 596
Bneycito , 1,590
Cauto del Embarcadero 1, 571
Cristo 1,788
Bajramo District— Continued.
DaUl 2,142
Quamo 1. 7ii9
Guisa 3.565
Homo : i,29h
Laguna Blanca l,»56
San Juan 1,234
Veguita s,7»4
Campechnela District 7,3fi9
Campechuela City, not given by wards 3» 254
CeibaHueca 2,149
San Ramon.. ^ i,9fi6
Caney District 9,126
Barajagua 174
Caney 841
Daiquiri i, sso
DemaJ ayabo i, 752
Doe Bocas i, 217
Guaninicun 1,J47
Lagunas i,ao5
Paz de los Naranjoe 2&4
Sevilla 561
Zacatccas 462
Cobrc District ip.TO?
Ascrradero 459
Botija 324
Brazo Cauto i.ioO
Caimanes e96
Cavo Smith 265
Cobre 1,028
Do8 Palmas i, 226
Ermitano 240
Hongoloeongo 1,987
Mack) 92
Manacas 1,426
Nimanima 421
Rio Frio 605
Santa Rita 614
Sevilla 272
CrisU) District, not given by wards l,m
Digitized by VjOOQIC
POPULATION BY WAED8 AND CITIES.
189
Table I V. — PojmlcUiwi by itxirda and by dlie* — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO— CouUuued.
Gibara District 81, 5W
Arroyo Blanco .' 1, 739
Banes 6,780
Bariai 1,047
Bocas 8.023
Candelaria ^. 436
Cantimplora 615
Fray Benito 2,663
Gibara City, not given by wards 6,841
Jobabo 1,266
Potrerillo . 920
Pueblo Nuevo 826
Sama 1,606
Santa Lucia 3,436
Santa Rosalia 873
Yabaaon 673
Quantanamo District ^ 28,063
Arroyo Hondo 1,040
Baitiquiri 164
Bano 838
Calmanera 620
Camarones 757
Caridad 516
Casimba 537
Casisey Abaio 608
CaaiseyArriba 448
CoFralillo 552
Cuatro Camlno0 441
Glorieta 2,062
Gobiemo 1,219
Guaso 1,514
Hospital 1,594
laleta 80
Indioa 107
Jaibo Abaio 820
Jalbo Arriba 296
Jamaica 2, 161
Lajas 1,371
Macurigea 492
Mercado 916
Ocujal and veȤcl8 90
Palmar 1,165
Palmade San Juan 281
Parroquia 1,640
Rastro 831
RioSeco 1,334
Signal 402
Tiguabos 1,538
Vinculo 754
Yateras 1,651
Holguin District 84,506
AguasClaras 681
Alcala 2,022
Alfonsos 1,086
Auraa 1,6W
Bijani 2,152
Camasau ^ 1,257
Corralito 1,026
Cuabas 1,228
Holguin City, not given by wards 6, 045
La Caridad 1,063
LaPalma 2,101
MalaNoche 703
Pumio 980
San Agustin 2,163
San Andres 1,181
San Lorenzo 1,060
San Pedro de Cacocum 1,823
Sao Arriba 1,080
Tacajo 896
Tacamara 832
Unas 1,324
Velasco 1,777
Yareyal 927
Jiguani District 10,495
Babiney 2,766
Baire 2,972
Calabazar 1,026
Jiguani 665
Rinconada 1,012
Santa Rita 839
Ventas 1,225
Manzanlllo District 32,288
Blangulzal 1,010
Callcitos 738
Cano. 1.112
Congo 796
DosCuartones 643
Esperanza 1,726
Jibacoa 2,024
Manzanlllo City, not given by wards. 14, 464
Media Luna 3,319
PorUUo 440
Tranquilldad 834
Vlcana 1,642
Vara 1,234
Zarzal 2,276
Mayari District... 8,504
Barajagua 723
Biran 629
Braguetudoe 1,454
Cabonico 683
Chavaleta 1,230
Chucho 4»l
Guayabo 1,393
Sabanilla 177
SanGregorio 1,821
Nlquero District 2, 718
NiqueroCity 1,560
Vellz 680
Cabo Cruz and Punta de Practicos ... 578
Palma Soriano District 12, 305
Cauto Abajo 839
Canto Baire 777
Concepcion 1 , 526
Dorados 691
LaaCuchillas 1,988
Palma Soriano 1,776
Remanganaguas 1, 688
San Leandro 1,003
SanUFilomena 682
SiUo 1,335
Puerto Padre District 19,984
Arenas 1, 119
Caisimu 1,653
Cauto del Pasd 1,500
Cbaparra 1,038
Curana 1,000
Manati 1,064
Maniabon 995
Ojo de Agua 1, 157
Oriente 2,471
Palmarito 1,072
Playuelas 1,038
San Manuel 2,783
Tunas 663
Vedado 1,200
Yarey 1,231
Sagua de Tanamo District 5,796
Bazan 781
Calabazas 952
Digitized by VjOOQIC
190
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablk IV. — Populaium hy boards and % cUies — (Vmtinued.
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO— OonUnued.
Bamui de Tanamo Districtr-Contlnoed.
EBteron 545
Juan Diaz 714
Miguel 665
Sarua de Tanamo*. 1, 252
Zabala 887
8an Luis District 11,681
IKw Caminos 8,991
LaLus 618
Monte doB Le^as 2, OlS
San Luis 6,069
Santiago de CutMi District 4&.4W
Belen .• 6,36i
Catedral 5,152
Cristo 6,310
Daiao I..i5.
Dolores 9,011
Ramon de las Yagnas 2,3^
Santo Tomas 8,085
Trinidad 6,8S7
Institutiinis 775
POPULATION OF CITIES.
City.
Abreus
Aguacate
AlquiKar
Alto Songo
Artemisa
Baracoa
Batabano
Bavamo
Belucal
Bolondron ,
Cabezas ,
Caibarien ,
CAlabazar ,
Camajuani ,
Campechuela
Cardenas ,
CiegodeAvila ,
Cienfuegos
(Mfuentes....
Cobre
Colon
Consolacion del Sur,
Corral Falso
Cristo
Cruces
Cuevitas
Daiquiri
Encrucijadla
Esperanza
Olbara
Guanabaooa
Guanajay
Guantanamo
Guines.
Gulra
Habana
Holgoin
Jaruco
Joyellanos
Limonar
Macagua
Madruga
Managua
Mangiiito
Manzanillo
Marianao
Matanzas
Maximo Gomez
Mavari
Melena
Moron
Province.
Santa Clara
Habana
do
Santiago
PinardelRio....
Santiago
Habana
Santiago
Habana
Matanzas
do
Santa Clara
do
do
Santiago
Matanzas
Puerto Principe .
Santa Clam
do
Santiago
Matanzas
Pinar del Rio. . . .
Matanzas
Santiago
Santa Clara
Matanzas
Santiago
Santa Clara
....do
Santiago
Habana
PinardelRio....
Santiago .*.
Habana
Matanzas
Habana
Santiago
Habana
Matanxas
....do
....do
Habana
....do
Matanzas
Santiago
Habana
Matanzas
....do
Santiago
Habana
Puerto Principe .
Popola- 'I
tion. I
City.
1,300
1,566
3,714
8,168
2,312
4,967
1,025
8,022
4,828
2,604
1,721
7,018
1,576
5,082
8,264
21,940
2,919
30,088
1,486
1,028
7,175
3,062 I
8,823 I
1,194
4,173
2,634
1,880
1,725
2,177
6,841
18,965
6,483
7,137
8,149
1,676
286,981
6.045
1,189
4,721
2,876
1,467
2,001
1,063
1.534
14,464
5,416
86,374
1.743
1,821
5,016
2,084
Niquero
Nueva Paz
Nueyitas
Palma Soriano . .
Palmira
Perico
PinardelRio....
Placetas
Puentes Grandes . . .
Puerto Padre
Puerto Principe
Quemado de Guines
Quiyican
Rancho Veloz
Ranchuelo
Regla
Remedios ,
Rodas ,
Roque ,
Sabanilla
Sagua de Tanamo . .
Sagua la Grande ...
San Antonio de ]o8
Bancs.
Sancti Spiritus
San Felipe
San Fernando
San Jose de las La-
Jas.
San Jose do los Ra*
mos.
San Juan de las Ye-
ros.
San Luis
Santa Ana
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz del Sur .
Santa Fe
Santa Isabel de las
Laias.
Santiago
Santiago de las Ve-
gas.
Santo Domingo
Surgidero
Trinidad
Vereda Nueva
Vinales
Vueltas
Province.
Santiago
Habana
Puerto Principe .
Santiago
Santa Clara
Matanzas
PinardelRio ...
Santa Clara
Habana
Santiago
Puerto Principe .
Santa Clara
Habana
Santa Clara
do
Habana
Santa Clara
do
Matanzas
do
Santiago
Santa Clara
Habana
Santa Clara .
Habana
Santa Clara .
Habana .....
Matanzas
Santa Clara .
Santiago
Matanzas
Santa Clara
Puerto Principe .
Habana
Santa Clara
Santiago .
Habana ..
Santa Clara . . .
Habana
Santa Clara . . .
Habana
Pinar del Rio .
Santa Clara . . .
....do
Matanzas
Popola-
i.sao
2,2»«
4.2»
1,77«
4,519
S;496
. 8.880
5,409
1.729
A 102
l,5fi2
1,800
1.514
S,019
11,8S3
6.6S3
8,880
1,482
2,200
1,252
12,728
8,178
12.696
1.490
1.078
3.0C24
2.310
1,469
5.059
1,421
13,763
1,210
1.050
8,012
43,000
7,151
2.079
U,]20
2.416
1.600
1,386
1,206
8,441
Digitized by VjOOQIC
DENSITY OF POPULATION.
191
Tablk Y. — Rural poptUathm excluding cities of 8^000 inhahiianls or morey with area and
densUyy by muniapal districts.
HABANA PROVINCE.
DlstrictB.
Affoacate
Alqulzar
BalnoA
Bataban6
Bauta
Bejucal
Cano
Casisniaa
Catalina
Celbade Agua
Guanabacoa
Ottam
oaines
Guira de Helena
Habana
IsladePinoe
Jamco
Madniga
Managtia
Marianao *.
Melena del Sur
NuevaPaz
Pipian
Quivican
Salud
Ban Antonio de loo Vegas
San Antonio de los Balos
San Felipe
Ban Jose de las Lajas
San Nicolas
Santa Cms del Norte
Santa Maria del Rosario. .
Santiago de las Vegas —
Tapaste
Vereda Nueva
Rural
Area in
^r^-
square
miles.
3,163
63
8,746
78
1,725
11
6,523
70
5,142
76
5,756
36
4,210
26
1,004
22
2,718
92
2,197
34
6,115
85
1,835
29
3,246
38
11,548
63
6,074
57
3,199
840
4,076
74
3,744
58
2,887
58
8,593
25
3,207
137
7,761
151
1,101
66
2,423
65
3,293
43
1,855
42
4,453
30
1,915
18
4,154
56
4,568
105
2,965
81
2,730
27
10,276
29
i,a5i
30
2,416
14
Density
per
Kquarc
mile.
50.2
112.1
156.8
93.2
67.0
159.9
161.9
45.6
29.5
64.6
71.9
63.3
85.4
183.3
106.5
3.8
55. 1
61.5
49.8
^3.7
2:^.4
51.1
16.7
37.3
76.6
44.2
148.4
111.9
74.2
43.5
36
100
360
52
171
MATANZAS PROVINCE.
Alacranes
Bolondron
Cabesas
Canasi
Cardenas
Carlos Rojas
Colon
Cuevitas
Guamacaro
Jaguey Grande
Joyellanos
LosCayos
Macagua
Macnriges
Marti
Matanzas
Maximo Gomez
Mendez Capote
Palmillas
Perico ,
Roque
Babanilla
San Joe6 de los Ramos.
Banta Ana
Uni6n de Reyes
8,110
322
9,179
267
6,184
96
1.998
62
2,921
56
3,174
71
12,196
114
5,807
79
6,000
169
5, aw
326
7,529
61
374
(?)
5,042
105
10.405
243
8,631
362
8.90H
320
4,046
152
2,158
117
7,647
422
4.449
44
4,464
126
5.205
77
6,766
146
2.965
60
5,226
36
CO
25
34
M
31
52
45
107
74
38
18
123
48
43
21
28
27
28
18
101
35
68
46
49
145
Digitized by
Google
192
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablk V. — Rural population exrlttding Hli4n of 8^000 inhabitants or more, «<r, — Cont'd.
PINAR DEL RIO PROVINCE.
DistricU.
Rural
popula-
tion.
Area in
square
miles.
Density
per
Kuare
mUe.
ArtemiiM- ., ^,,.,,-,,^,^,..-,^., ^.-
9,187
2,117
8.8S3
4,866
7.399
16,665
8,796
14.760
2,710
1,871
2.466
8,366
8,631
29.463
4,263
2,419
1,137
14.787
7,608
17.700
181
286
89
203
203
960
12
1.155
37
103
199
634
95
361
235
202
138
l&i
IM
208
61
Babia HondA
7
Cabafias
43
Candelaria
24
Con8olaci6ii del Norte
36
Conaolacidn del Sur
46
Guanajay
733
Gtiane ,.,,,. ^ , ^ ,,,,,, ^ ..,,-, ^ ,. - ,, , ^ , . . . ^ - ,
U
Guayabal
73
Julian nia« . .
18
TiOfl Palacinii
12
Mantua
13
Hariel
3^
PinardelRio
M
San Cristobal
11^
Pfin Pipffo dfl lo« Bafin*!. .,...,.
12
San DiejfO de Nufiez
8
San Juan y Martinee
96
San Luis
49
Vifiales
(&
PUERTO PRINCIPE PROVINCE.
CiegodeAvila
Moron
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe ...
Santa Cruz del Sur
9,801
1,608
9,630
1,620
10,355
1,084
28,038
4.630
6,308
1.162
SANTA CLARA PROVINCE.
Abreufl
Caibarien
Calabazax
Camajuani
Cartagena
Ceja de Pablo
Cienfuegofl
Cifuentes
Cracea
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
Quemado de Guinea
Rancho Veloz
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua la Grande
San Antonio de laa Vueltas
Sancti Spiritus
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Remedioe .
Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas...
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
Yaguajay
8,996
62
8.650
56
13.419
279
14,496
100
6,244
180
6,964
337
29.090
2,119
3,«25
72
7,968
60
7,811
159
6,627
132
11,961
226
8.890
167
7,632
161
6,069
40
9.662
163
8.614
205
12.832
208
13,013
1,262
6,369
96
6,445
67
6,600
116
14.883
158
12,674
540
9.603
136
10,8?2
291
13.150
828
9.718
442
Digifized by
Google
DENSITY OK POPULATION.
193
Tadlk v. — RunU popuUUion excluding cities of 8^000 inhabitants or more^ etc, — Cont'd.
SANTIAGO PROVINCE.
Districts.
AltoSongo
Baracoa
Bayamo
Gampechaela
Caney
Oobre
Gibara
Goant&iiamo
Holguin
Jig^i
Manxanillo
Mayart
NiqQero
Paima Soriano —
Paerto Padre
Sagua deTanamo
San Luis
Santia^ de Cuba.
Rural
popula-
tion.
12,770
21,944
21,198
7.360
9,126
10. 707
31,594
28.063
34,606
10,495
17.824
8,604
2,718
12.305
19,984
5,796
11,681
2,388
24662 ^18
Area in
square
miles.
450
1.676
1,034
• 201
870
466
1.216
1,589
495
491
1,009
145
244
1,215
628
68
7
Density
per
fequare
rmile.
13
20
144
46
12
68
23
22
21
86
8
19
60
16
9
172
341
Digitized by
Google
194
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablk VI. — Sex^ gmeral nativity, and color.
[Figures in italic are included in thoHc for the province or dislrict]
ProTinces.
Habana
City qf Habana.
Matansas
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe . . .
8antaCl*a
Santiago
Cuba
AH da
Total. Male. Female
424.804
tS6,981
202,444
173,064
88,234
866,636
827,716
,672.797
108,726
91,688
44,899
189,067
163,846
221,990 202,814
Its, £69, littles
98,718
81,376
43,836
167,479
163.870
816,206
767,692
Native white.
Total. Male. Female
248 619
llS,Mt
102,682
114,907
66,319
214,946
167,797
116,838
6t,9W
60.824
68,673
82,675
106,771
82,292
910,299 447,873
126,781
6t,69t
62.&58
66,334
33.774
108. 174
86.606
462,926
Foreign white.
Totol. Male. Female
68,971
6f,90J
16,235
10,718
4,038
29.823
18,813
142,098
61,162
11,190
11,860
9,447
8.499
25,336
11,446
116,740
14.809
11,711
3,385
1,271
539
4,487
1,867
26,358,
PKOVINCK OF HABANA.
87
39
DlHtricts.
Aq uacatc
Alauizar
Bainoa
Batabano
Bauta .•
Bejucal
Oano
Casiguas
Catalina
Ceibadel Aqua
Ouanabacoa
CUy (tf (humabacoa
Quara x.
Gaines
Guira de Mel^na
Habana
CUy of Habana....
Isla de Finos
Jaruco
Madruga
Managua
Marianao
MelenadelSur
NuevaPas
Pipian
Quivican
R«la
Salud
Ban Antonio do las
Vegas
San Antonio de los
Baftos
San Felipe
Ban Jo66 de las Lajas.
Ban Nicolas
Santa Cruz del Norte.
Santa Maria del Ros-
ario
Santiago de las Vegas.
Tapaste
Vereda Nueva
The province
All clascfi.
Native white.
Foreign white.
Total. Male. Female' Total. Male. Female, Total. Male. Female
8,163
8,746
1,725
6,628
6.142
6,766
4,210
1,004
2,718
2,197
20,080
13,965
1,835
11,894
11,548
242,066
tS6,981
8,199
4,076
8,744
2,887
8,693
8,207
7,761
1,101
2,423
11,363
8,293
1,856
12,631
1,915
4,154
4,568
2,965
2,730
10,276
1,651
2,416
424,801
1,640
4,814
968
8.600
2,887
2.738
2,340
661
1,863
1,174
9.806
6,Bt9
926
6,728
6,486
126,776
ltS,t58
1,782
2,152
1,807
1.549
4,682
1,650
8,834
582
1,236
6,765
1,787
961
6,631
989
2,040
2,&13
1,410
6,270
849
1,297
I ■
1,523
8,982
767
2,923
2.806
8,018
1,870
448
1,365
1,023
10,276
7,U96
910
6,669
6,062
116,280
lit, 7tS
1,417
1,924
1,987
1,838
4,011
1,567
8,927
619
1,187
6,698
1,606
904
6,000
976
2,114
2,025
1,362
1,820
5,006
702
1,119
221,990 202,814 248,619
1,667
6,472
1,271
4,131
8,626
4,462
8,828
667
2,040
1,748
13,160
8,tSi
1,896
7,092
7,872
119,816
116, SSt
2,480
8,014
2,423
2,268
4,768
1,847
4,890
962
1,772
7,493
2,874
1,465
9,377
1,209
2,965
2,797
1,706
2.002
7,160
1,260
2.142
826
2,837
690
2,093
1,932
2,049
1,735
371
986
897
6,307
$,767
692
8,379
8,907
66,198
6t,9W
1,809
1,574
1,100
1,206
2,807
941
2,109
485
872
3,612
1,524
717
4.701
588
1,867
1,487
924
1,029
3,406
667
1,119
116,888
Ml
2,635
681
2,038
1,693
2,413
1,698
296
1,054
851
6,843
i,m
703
8,713
3,466
64,623
6t,69t
1,171
1,470
1,323
1,062
2,461
906
2,281
477
900
3,981
1,350
748
4*676
621
1,698
l.HIO
781
978
3,764
683
1,023
126,781
206
833
74
878
440
416
396
23
152
170
1,484
1,091
89
833
1,221
58,877
6t,901
198
206
230
110
1,159
126
877
33
118
1,666
193
65
1,220
126
189
230
136
108
1,202
68
101
171
727
67
764
868
806
836
19
113
126
1,113
80i
62
664
1,069
42,006
U,190
186
160
182
97
318
28
120
1,229
151
60
974
87
155
204
97
92
997
58
77
68.971 I 54.162
34
106
17
114
82
110
61
4
89
45
371
t87
27
169
162
11,869
11,711
IS
46
48
22
227
29
59
6
28
437
42
246
38
34
26
39
16
205
10
24
Digitized by LjOOQIC-
SEX, NATIVITY, AND COLOR.
195
Table VI. — Sej\ general naiivily^ and color.
[Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.]
Negro.
Total.
Mixed.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Chinese.
Male.
Female.
81
Tbtal.
Male.
Female.
^849
23,892
30,957
53,479
23,293
30,186
3,886
3.805
1
t8,7SO
ll.tlt
J7,5S8
S6,00i
15, 179
90,825
t,79l,
2,737
57
2
47,796
22, 3W
25,401
32,528
14,964
17,564
4,206
4,199
7
3
28,811
14,496
14,316
18,025
8,598
9,427
603
575
28
4
6,976
8,590
3,385
10,400
4,773
6,627
472
462
10
6
48, «M
74 jn
23,807
58,060
27,061
30f989
5,m
5,172
22
6
47,786
22,815
24,971
98,323
46,811
61,512
496
481
15
7
234,788
m,896
122,840
270,805
125,600
145,305
14,857
14,691
163
8
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
Negro.
Total.
900
1.404
204
916
€73
416
276
289
819
161
2,666
. f,J75
226
2,186
1,678
29,176
t8,760
267
425
717
281
1,890
877
1,989
76
361
1,138
187
1.109
413
660
1,027
779
879
912
160
107
Male.
438
701
120
449
336
177
156
186
161
84
1,142
89U
117
1,036
846
11,466
ll,ttS
164
210
843
143
685
439
896
52
168
496
71
185
831
661
184
418
90
60
Female.
462
703
84
467
121.
108
158
67
1,624
l,t79
108
1,150
833
17,719
17,5S8
103
215
374
138
706
1,0
24
183
642
66
574
228
319
476
391
195
494
70
47
Total.
348
996
172
548
390
454
201
73
206
126
2,714
f,W8
122
1,145
1,196
36,339
96,00U
252
382
343
227
1,197
329
912
29
146
950
905
158
312
450
316
287
987
72
62
Mixed.
Male.
162
508
87
244
198
197
106
33
92
66
1,189
l,0t5
50
510
504
15,327
15, 179
122
191
151
111
571
145
418
16
70
412
41
50
402
70
149
237
165
102
437
33
37
Female.
186 •
488 I
85
304
192 ,
257
95 I
40 '
• 114
60
1,525 I
l,.Vi3 '
T2
eX)
602
21, 01?
20,SJf'
i;;u
191
192
tit;
62«i
181
194
13
7«
5;i8
■IH .
44
503
88
163
213
151
135
550
39
25
28 I
93
1
6 I
116
Chinese.
)t4ll.
Male.
43
43
41
41
4
4
50
60
14
14
9
9
9
9
2
2
1
1
2
2
66
54
61
4P
4
4
138
136
81
81
2,848
2.791
f,79U
2,7S7
2
2
19
17
81
31
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
31
35
36,
37
38
54,849
23,802
30,957
53,479
23,293
30,186
3,805
Digitized by
Google
196 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Taulk VI. — SeXf general nativity ^ and color — Continued.
[FiguitM iu italic are included in Uiose for the province or district.]
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
Distrlcta.
Alacranefl
Bolondron
Cabexas
Canasi
Cardenas
Cityof Cardenas...
Carlos Rojas
Colon
Cuevitas
Ouamacaro
Jagtiey Grande
Jovellanoe
Macagua
Macuriges
Marti
Matanzas
City qf MatanzoB . .
Maximo Qomez
Mendes Copote
Palmlllaa
Perica
Roque
Sabanilla
San JO06 de Ioh Ramoe
Santa Ana
Union de Reyes
The province . . .
All claaies.
Total. Male. Female
8,110
»,179
6,184
1,993
24.861
gl,9i0
8,174
12,196
6,807
6,000
6,863
7,629
6.042
10,406
8,906
46,282
S6,S7U
4.(Vt6
2,168
7,647
4,449
4,464
6.206
6,766
2,966
6,226
202,444 103.726
4,673
4.860
2.606
1,086
11,744
10, toe
1,616
6.216
8,188
8,090
8.092
8,673
2.666
6,462
4.931
21,906
16,9t6
2, 102
1,344
4,166
2,486
2,677
2,678
8,662
1,677
2,622
8,587
4,329
2,679
908
13.117
IIJSU
1.569
6.980
2,669
2.910
2,761
8,966
2,877
4,963
8,974
23,377
19, U8
1,944
814
8,492
1,963
1,887
2,627
8,113
1.888
2,604
Native white.
Total. Male. Female
3,676
8,819
8,687
1.038
14,086
ll,9et
1,179
6,706
8,087
2,606
8,674
2.836
2,624
4.008
4,126
27.671
to, 931
1,788
1,142
8,337
1.662
2,066
2,680
2,673
1.608
2,237
98,718 102,682
1,972
1,947
1,823
679
6.381
6,508
692
2,765
1,683
1,299
1,836
1,273
1,268
2,043
2,163
12,837
9,tl9
911
676
1,728
860
1,147
1.3M
1,39(5
819
1,093
50,824
1,704
1,872
1,864
459
7,704
6,6SU
687
2,941
1,464
1,806
1,839
1.662
1,266
1,960
1,962
14,734
ll,71t
877
466
1,609
812
909
1,276
1,277
774
1,144
52,868
Foreign white.
Total. Male. .Female
496
789
287
81
2.814
t,081
174
824
480
411
191
699
427
4.512
3,6U
138
126
427
287
227
401
612
251
404
16,286
425
628
198
64
1,792
1,6U
143
692
331
269
359
862
180
561
370
3,290
t,695
116
112
361
213
196
271
446
174
317
11,860
71
161
89
17
522
457
31
132
67
90
71
59
11
148
57
1,222
9i9
22
14
66
44
31
130
166
77
87
3,385
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22'
Artemiaa
Bahia Honda
Cabanas
Candelaria
Consolacion del Norte
Consolacion del Sur..
Quanajay
Guane
Guayabal
Julian Diaz
Los PalacioB
Mantua
Mariel
PinardelRio
City qf Pinar dd
San Cristobai!!!!!!!!!
San Diego de los
BaQos
San Diego de Nunez..
San Juan y Martinez. .
San Luis
Vinales
The province...
9,817
6,013
4,804
6,767
2,978
2,779
470
421
49
2,117
1.003
1,114
803
401
402
62
52
10
8,863
2,143
1,710
1,318
764
669
153
127
26
4,866
2,620
2,246
2,989
1,649
1,890
221
188
33
7,899
3,945
8,454
6,233
2,720
2.613
331
291
40
16,666
8.655
8.110
9.842
4,947
4,895
664
689
75
8,796
4.206
4,591
6.646
2.693
8,063
667
501
166
14,760
8.400
6,860
11,023
6,987
5,036
1,177
1.085
92
2,710
1,439
1,271
1,882
949
983
240
184
56
1,871
988
888
1,060
651
609
46
42
4
2,466
1,803
1,163
1,473
770
703
87
82
6
8.366
4,637
8,829
6,471
3,372
8,099
468
447
21
8,631
1.802
1,829
2,161
1.088
1,063
142
114
28
38,343
20,082
18.261
26.028
12,940
18.083
2.759
2,435
824
8,880
U,S56
U,6ti
i,908
t,17S
t,7$S
i,ots
86i
161
4,263
2,276
1,987
2,822
1,468
1.8M
152
144
8
2,419
1,802
1,117
1,760
917
843
75
61
14
1,187
672
565
458
248
210
45
39
6
14,787
8,170
6,617
10,202
5,273
4.929
1.800
1,212
88
7.608
3,988
8.620
6,164
2.601
2,663
477
407
7D
17.700
9,350
8.350
12,886
6,467
6,418
1.182
1.026
166
178,064
91,688
81,876
114,907
58,678
56,834
10,718
9,447
1,271
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
1
?
CiegodeAvila
Moron
9,801
9,680
10,856
68,140
t5,10t
6,806
4,979
4,922
6,888
26,225
10,911
2.885
4,822
4,708
4,467
26,915
1U,190
2,423
8,034
8,486
7,121
89,196
16,506
8.562
8.999
4,269
8,616
18,806
6,761
1,884
4.086
4.167
8.506
20,888
9,7U
1,678
813
197
970
2.259
l,t8S
299
288
175
859
1.948
1,08U
234
80
22
111
311
199
65
8
Nuevitas
4
5
6
Puerto Principe
Citv qf Puerto
Principe
Santa Cruz del Sur ...
Tlie province . . .
7
88,234
44.899
43,835
66,349
32,575
88,774 1 4,088
8,499
539
Digitized by
Google
SEX, NATIVITY, AND COLOR.
Tablb VI. — Sex^ general natimiy^ ami color — Continue*!.
[Fibres in italic are included in those for the province ur district.]
PROVINCE OF MATANZA8.
197
Negro.
Mixed.
Chinese. |
Total.
Male. Female.
Total.
Male. 1 Female.
Total.
Male. 1 Female.
2,470
2,833
756
686
3,981
S,699
1,223
2,«i6
1,470
2,067
973
2,677
1,345
3,664
2,431
5,722
I,, 875
1,356
628
2,215
1,421
1,406
1,612
1,830
761
1,621
• 1,306 1.166
1,246
1,496
432
270
4,082
S,9t9
666
2,432
801
886
727
1,432
877
1,777
1,463
7,117
6,680
677
193
1,351
842
693
596
1,471
332
880
649 597
222
243
22
18
399
S69
42
877
101
93
49
174
106
262
469
360
545
87
69
817
267
183
66
179
28
84
222
243
22
18
899
S69
40
877
101
98
49
169
106
262
469
360
SiS
87
69
317
267
183
66
179
28
84
1
1,341
364
280
1,619
l,55i
580
1,329
718
988
609
1,116
706
1,779
1,216
2,362
1,889
631
357
1,122
710
743
697
921
377
720
1,492
392
306
2,462
t,t68
643
1,527
752
1,069
464
1,562
639
1,885
1,216
3,360
g,987
726
271
1,093
711
662
816
909
884
901
691
198
144
1,663
1,S7U
260
1,052
406
441
340
664
416
817
723
3.066
e,780
367
130
627
446
308
290
710
179
408
801
234
126
2,429
f,566
296
1,380
396
446
387
768
461
960
740
4,061
3,800
320
63
724
396
286
306
761
163
472
9
R
4
ft
6
2
7
8
9
10
11
5
12
IS
14
15
16
17
18
19
W
?1
??
?3
?4
?6
W
47,793 1 22,389
25,404
32,528 1 14,9&4
17,564
4,206
4,199
7
27
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
1,783
766
1,702
1,022
1,105
3,489
1,312
1,386
431
581
455
928
797
6,014
1,668
838
365
416
2,118
1,217
2,146
920
314
862
532
662
1,729
560
732
225
280
232
474
359
3,036
667
451
206
176
1,124
628
1,094
452
840
490
543
1,760
762
6&1
206
251
223
454
438
2,978
1,011
387
150
240
9M
589
1,052
1,262
477
688
674
721
2,652
1,100
1,146
152
227
419
496
627
3,385
l,17t
443
226
198
1,151
735
1.446
649
227
303
341
863
1,272
488
668
76
103
197
241
227
1.525
455
205
bib
341
722
613
250
286
333
358
1,380
612
578
76
124
222
255
300
1,860
719
238
110
109
606
394
?24
45
9
97
10
9
18
71
28
6
7
22
3
14
162
107
8
3
20
16
16
41
46
9
97
10
9
18
63
28
6
7
22
3
14
146
107
8
3
20
16
11
41
16
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
28,811
14,496
14,316
18,025 1
8,598
9,427
603
676
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINaPE.
276
217
986
6,158
3,191
338
144
113
626
2,509
l,3tO
198
. 132
104
360
2,649
1,871
140
1,167
774
948
6,404
4,041
1,107
542
369
460
2,845
1,668
667
625
415
488
3,659
i.373
640
11
6
330
123
8g
2
11
6
328
115
76
2
I
?
2
8
6
3
4
6
6
6.975
3,590
3,385
10,400
4,773
5,627
4?2
462
10
7
Digitized by VjOOQIC
198 REPORT ON THE CENSITS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table VI. — Sfx^ general nativity ^ itnd ctdor — Continued.
[Fi^reH in iuUU* are included in thofte for the province or district.]
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Districtii.
Abreufl
Caibarlen
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cieufuego^
(Hty of Cien/iinpn*.
Cifuenles
Cruces
EHperanza
12 I Palmira
13 I Placetas
14 Quemado de (iiiineH. .
15 Rancho VeU»z
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Bagua la tirande
City of Sat/ua la
Urandf
San Antonio de laM
VueltAH
Sancti Splritus
CayofSanctii>inr-
UU9
San Diego del Valle . .
San Fernando
Han J uan de lao Yenu*.
San Juan de loe Re-
medios
Santa Clara
aty of Santa Clara
Santa Imbel de las
Lajas
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
aty of Trinidad..
Yaguajay
34
The province..
AllclawMt.
Total. I Male. Female
3.995
8,650
13.419
14,495
6.244
6.954
59,128
SO, OSS
3,K2f»
7.953
7,811
6,527
11,961
8,890
7.5:i2
5,059
9,562
21,342
li, Its
12,832
25, 709
li,G96
5,:W9
6,445
5,600
14,833
28,437
1S,76S
9,608
10,372
24,271
ll,ltO
9,718
2,112
4.506
7,562
8.407
3,563
3,486
32,173
Ik, 589
1,988
4,170
4,145
3.569
6.481
4, 762
4.024
2,521
5.367
10,907
1.883
4.144
5,867
6,088
2,691
3.468
26,965
1,887
3,783
3.666
2,958
5.480
4.128
3,508
2.538
4,195
10,435
Native white.
I
Foreign white.
Tot*l. Male. Female TotaL Male. Female;
2,227
5,620
7,600
7,983
3,862
4.190
32.209
16,755
2,450
4,084
5,602
3,238
7.214
5,737
3,823
3,067
6.427
11,709
6,16S \ 6,565 j 7,045
5,711 9,363
13,663 I 18,738
7.121
12,046 ,
\
5,0S0 . 7,666
2,896 2,473
3.742 2,703
2,938 2,662
7,605
14,582
6,f6t
6,606
5,496
U,688
U,516
5,664
7,228
13.855
7,501
3.997
4,876
12,683
6,60U
4,064
356,536 189,067 167,479 214,945 106,771 106.174
8,170
4,098
4.176
4,106
9,094
18,300
8,t76
4,872
7.000
13,746
5,U75
6,471
1,017
2,699
8,988
4,000
2.035
2.109
16,028
7.0*5
1,206
1,961
2,892
1,560
3,569
2,898
1,917
1.449
2.764
5,582
5,186
4,780
8,770
5,166
2,163
2,242
2.094
4,366
8,994
5,601
2,688
8,591
6,688
t,t50
2.888
1.18D
8.021
3.662
3.988
1.817
2,081
16.181
8,690
1,244
2,133
2,710
1,679
3.666
2,»t4
1.906
1.618
2,663
6,127
5,859
4,583
9,968
5,00k
1.986
1,984
2,011
4,739
9,806
A, 775
2,1B9
3.409
7.068
5, its
2,588
1.068
1,016
8.2S8
604
216
6.376
5,k85
166
716
262
566
1.408
611
474
238
866
2.043
1.864
666
591
212
694
189
1,486
1.972
915
565
431
639
f47
1,806
29,823
867
903
888
2,496
486
185
5,537
t,900
133
616
237
683
1,141
443
400
221
767
1.768
967
1,463
589
545
184
613
165
1,199
1,668
509
374
479
ton
1,062
26.336
37
1<&
VM
717
18
SO
8»
5$5
33
99
25
1st
68
74
12
99
275
45
28
81
24
237
314
56
57
60
4£>
223
4,4S7
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
Alto Songo
Baracoa
Bayamo ,
Campechuela .
Caney ,
Cobre ,
Cristo ,
Gibara
Guantanamo..
Holguin ,
Jiguani
Manzanillo .
City (if Manzanillo.
Mayarf
J4iquero
Palma Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagua de Tanamo
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba
City qf Santiago de
Cuba
The province - . . 327, 715
12,770
21,944
21,193
7,369
9,126
10,707
1,194
31,594
28,063
34.606
10,495
32,288
14,454
8,504
2,718
12.306
19.984
6,796
11,681
45,478
kS,090
6,525
11.141
10,311
4,107
6,478
5,443
563
16,126
14,476
17,020
5,104
15,666
6,518
4,280
1,373
6,396
9,940
2,973
5,805
21,118
19,9tt
163,845
6,245
10,803
10,882
3,262
3,648
5,264
631
15,468
13,587
17,486
6.391
16.622
7,9k6
4,224
1,345
5,909
10,044
2,823
6,876
24,360
£5,168
163,870
2,971
9,394
11,110
3,971
2,616
2,289
510
24,244
7,028
29,610
6,179
18, 116
8,555
6,143
1,863
5,947
14.669
3,600
2,967
16,711
15,e58
167,797
1,644
4,765
6,886
2,151
1,363
1.191
243
12, IM
3,489
14,468
3,022
8,491
5,565
2,590
940
3,064
7,279
1,759
1,440
6,943
6,70f
82,292
1,427
4,629
5,724
1,820
1,258
1,068
267
12.060
8,539
15,142
3,167
9,624
4,765
2,663
923
2,883
7,880
1,741
1,527
8,768
5,556
85,506
232
618
219
318
1,692
244
77
1,506
1,843
681
68
1,224
f^
62
465
5,440
13,313
208
542
207
306
1.629
222
65
1.194
1.669
573
60
1,060
510
119
57
116
249
80
368
2,812
t,79B
11,446
24
76
12
12
63
22
12
311
274
108
3
144
109
15
5
12
18
3
107
&16
1,867
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SEX, NATIVITY, AND COLOR.
Tablr VI. — SeXf general nalivity, nnH color — Continued.
[FIgureH ill italic are included in those for the province or district.]
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
199
Negro.
Total.
Mixed.
Male.
Chincflc.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
748
819
2,897
1,642
890
1,291
7,468
3,068
673
1.603
579
1,688
1,335
1,509
2, 142
892
1,399
3,790
1,899
747
1,949
987
275
892
237
2,033
2,404
J,S57
2.598
1,610
3,223
J, Its
1,-291
330
386
1,571
868
519
574
3,856
l,t09
336
787
331
828
687
769
1,076
432
802
1,650
758
426
904
S7t
145
566
138
957
1,161
500
1,487
783
1,619
106
749
418
433
1,326
774
871
717
3,612
1,859
337
816
248
760
618
750
1,066
460
597
2,140
1,161
.321
1.045
615
130
336
99
1.076
1,243
757
1,111
827
1.604
700
542
470
1,029
1,677
1,298
928
1,125
11,888
7,m
498
1,326
1.332
990
1,756
932
916
834
1.692
3.244
f,«84
784
4,315
S,llh
742
770
1,048
2,042
5,628
S,tl7
1.433
1.197
6.728
u,m
1,529
228
504
826
654
443
485
5.570
8,090
ias>
691
649
494
845
466
4M
386
856
1.362
916
378
1.742
1,115
362
418
520
870
2,636
1,356
792
615
2,867
J, 608
828
247
625
751
644
485
640
6.318
i,311
273
735
683
496
910
466
462
448
836
1.882
1,368
406
2,673
1,999
380
352
528
1,172
2.992
1,961
641
582
3.861
«,64l
701
146
. 114
S29
889
70
133
1,187
3ia
38
225
• 36
156
249
•201
177
83
178
556
363
74
41
5*
42
13
21
228
133
98
135
134
35
U
122
146
114
329
389
70
133
1,182
545
88
226
36
165
249
201
177
33
178
546
356
74
41
3h
42
13
21
224
133
98
135
133
85
«5
1-22
1
1
?
8
4
5
6
5
7
8
^
10
11
1?
^'^
14
15
1ft
17
11
7
IS
19
?0
n
??
?3
V4
?5
4
26
?7
•«
?9
1
30
31
3?
33
48,524
24,717
23,807
58,050
27,061
30,969
5.194
5, 172
22
34
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
5.456
2,294
908
274
1.917
3,647
226
2,083
8,988
962
360
1,719
1,103
369
13
1.812
1,090
650
3,621
11,397
10,319
2,721
1,146
428
157
1,014
1,796
94
976
4,845
455
184
781
UO
197
8
959
639
852
1,756
4.907
h,398
2.785
1,148
480
117
903
1,851
132
1,107
4,643
507
176
938
663
1T2
5
863
551
298
1,866
6,490
5,9X1
4,106
9.634
8.964
2,775
2,898
4 554
380
3,682
10.025
3,248
8,889
11,197
i,083
2,865
780
4,414
8,962
1.563
4,621
14,796
13,957
2.047
4.684
4,288
1,462
1,460
2, -231
160
1,719
4.894
1,519
1,834
5.283
1,679
1.371
368
. 2,253
1,867
782
2,244
6,346
6,917
2,069
4.960
4,666
1,313
1,429
2,3*23
220
1.963
6.131
1.729
2,056
6,914
1.484
412
2,161
2,096
781
2,377
8,450
8,0W
5
4
2
31
3
3
1
80
179
5
4
33
t6
3
5
4
2
81
3
3
1
73
179
5
4
31
f4
3
1
?
H
4
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
2
12
13
14
15
4
16
4
16
16
17
18
7
116
116
7
110
110
19
6
6
20
21
47.786
22.815
24,971
98,323
46,811
51,612
496
481
15
'22
Digitized by VjOOQIC
200 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb VII. — PereerUage ofpbpuUUum Ity war, gmrral ntUitUy, and coiar.
[ FlKures in itiUio are included in those for the proTinee or district.]
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
DifitrictJi.
Aguacate
AlquiKar
Bainoa
BatabaD6
Bauta
Bejucal
C^no ,
Casiffuas
CaUlIna
Ccibadel Agrua
Guanabacoa
OUy qf Gitanabacoa
Guara
Gulnes ,
Guira de M elcna ,
Uabana
City of JIabana ,
Isla de Pfnos ,
Janice
Mad ruga
Managua
Marianao
Melena del Sur ,
NuevaPax
Plplan
Quivic&n
Regla
Salud
San Antonio de las Vegafl.
San Antonio de los Bafios.
San Felipe
San Josddelas Lajas ,
San NicolAa
Santa Cms del Norte
Santa Maria del Roearin . .
Santiago de las V^as
Tapaflte
VeredaNueva
Total
popula-
tion.
Sex.
Nativity and color.
The province 424, 804 |
8,746
1.725
6,523
5,142
6,756
4.210
I, MM
2,718
2,1»7
20,080
JS,965
1,835
11, SM
11.548
242,065
tSS,98I
3,199
4,076
8,744
2.887
8.593
3,207
7.761
1,101
2,423
11.363
8,293
1,866
12,631
1,915
4,164
4,568
2.965
2.730
10,276
1,661
2.416
Male.
51.8
66.1
66.5
66.2
66.2
47.6
55.6
56.9
49.8
58.4
48.8
i6.8
50.4
60
66.2
62.4
St.t
66.7
62.8
48.8
68.7
63.4
61.4
49.4
62.9
51.1
60.7
64.3
61.3
52.5
49
49.1
65.7
64.1
61.6
61.3
64.7
63.7
52.3
Female.
I Native
, whites.
48.2
44.9
44.5
44.8
44.8
62.4
44.4
44.1
60.2
46.6
61.2
«.f
49.6
50
48.8
47.6
47. S
44.3
47.2
61.7
46 3
46.6
48.6
60.6
47.1
48.9
49.3
45.7
48.7
47.5
51
50.9
44.3
46.9
48.4
48.7
46.3
46.3
47.7
52.7
02.6
78.7
63.3
70.5
77.5
79.1
66.4
76.1
79.6
65.6
59
76
62.2
63.8
49.5
i9
77.5
74.7
64.7
7316
56.4
57.6
56.6
87.4
7S.1
66.9
87.8
79
74.2
68.2
71.4
61.3
67.8
73.8
69.7
80.6
88.6
57.4
Foreign
whites.
6.5
9.6
4.3
18.5
8.6
7.2
9.4
2.3
6.6
7.7
7.4
7.8
4.9
7.8
10.6
22.8
«f.4
6.2
5
6.2
3.8
13.5
3.9
4.9
3
6.1
14.7
6.9
2.9
9.7
6.6
4.5
6
4.5
8.9
11.7
4.4
4.2
Colored.
40.B
27.9
22.0
23.2
20.9
15.3
1L5
SL3
19.3
12.7
27.1
SS.f
19.1
30.5
25.6
28.2
fS.«
16.3
20. S
29.1
17.6
31.1
38.5
38.5
9.6
20.8
19.4
6.8
18.1
16.1
30. S
24.1
33.7
87.7
22.8
18.6
15.0
7.2
16.2 I
26.4
PROVINCE OF MATANZA8.
Alacranes
Bolondr6n
Cabezas
Canasi
C&rdenas
City of OirdefiOH..
Carlos RoJa8
Colon
Cuevitas
Guamacaro
Jagiiey Grande
Jovellanos
LosCayos
Macagua
Macuriges
Marti
Matanzas
City qf Malanxwt. . .
M&ximo-G6mcz
M4ndez Capote
Palmillaa
Perlco
Roque
Sabanilla
San Jos6 de los Ramos
Santa Ana
Uni6n de Reyes
Thi* province ...
8,110
66.4
43.6
46.3
6.1
9,179
52.8
47.2
41.6
8.6
6,184
60.2
49.8
71.1
6.6
1,993
54.4
45.6
52.1
4.1
24,861
47.2
62.8
66.7
9.3
iU9iO
i6.6
63.5
H.S
9.5
8,174
60.9
49.1
37.1
6.5
12,196
51
49
46.8
6.8
6.807
64
46
62.3
6.9
6,000
61.6
48.6
43.4
6
6,863
62.8
47.2
62.8
7.3
7,529
47.5
62.6
87.6
5.5
374
79.1
20.9
48.9
40.1
5,042
62.9
47.1
60.1
3.8
10,405
62.4
47.6
88.6
6.7
8,531
64.3
46.7
46.2
3.3
45,282
48.4
61.6
60.9
lo
56,574
16.5
5S.S
57.6
10
4,046
62
48
44.2
3.4
2,168
62.3
87.7
62.9
5.8
7,647
64.3
46.7
48.6
6.6
4,449
55.9
44.1
87.3
6.8
4,464
67.7
42.3
46
6.1
6,205
51.5
48.6
60.5
7.7
6,765
54
46
89.6
9.1
2,965
68.2
46.8
53.7
8.5
6,226
50.2
49.8
42.8
7.7
202,441
51.2
48.8
50.7
7.5
48.6
49.8
23.4
43.8
34.0
36.0
67.4
46.4
40.8
6a6
29.9
66.9
11.0
46.1
64.8
50.6
29.1
Sf.4
62.4
41.3
6a8
66.9
48.9
41.8
5L4
87.8
49.5
41.8
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SEX, NATIVITY, AND COLOR.
201
Tabls VII. — Percentage of popuUUion by wa:, general nativity ^ and color — Continued.
[Figiireft in italic are included in thoee for the province or district.]
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Districts.
Artemisa
Bahia Honda
Cabafias
Gandelaria
Con86lHCi6n del Norte . .
Cons61aci6n del Sur
Quanajay
Guane
Guayabal
Julian Diaz
LosPalacios
M4ntua
Mariel
PinardelRio
City qf Pinar del Rio,
San Cristobal
San Diego de los Bafios .
San Diego de Nunez
San Juan y Martinez. . . .
San Luis
Vifiales
The province
Total
>pula
ion.
popula-
tio
9,317
2,117
8,853
4,866
7,399
16.665
8.796
14,760
2,710
1,871
2,456
8,366
8,631
88,348
8,890
4,263
2,419
1,137
14,787
7,608
17,700
173,064
Sex.
Nativity and color.
Male.
Female.
Native
whites.
53.8
47.4
65.7
58.9
58.8
51.3
47.8
66.9
53.1
62.5
63.1
45.8
49.6
62.3
a. 9
53.4
53.8
60.3
65.8
52.4
52.8
46.2
52.6
44.3
46.1
46.7
48.7
62.2
48.1
46.9
47.5
46.9
54.2
50.4
47.7
Pi A
46.6
46.2
49.7
44.7
47.6
47.2
53
47
61.8
87.9
84.1
60.4
70.7
59
64.2
74.7
69.4
66.6
60
77.3
59.2
67.9
«.5
66.2
72.8
40.3
69
67.9
72.8
66.4
Foreign
whites.
5.1
3
3.9
4.6
4.5
4.
7.6
8
8.9
2.5
3.5
5.6
3.9
7.2
11.5
3.6
3.1
4
8.8
6.8
6.7
6.2
Colored.
33.1
59.1
02.0
85.0
24.8
37.0
28.2
17.3
21.7
40.9
36.5
17.1
36.9
24.9
55. «
80.2
24.1
66.7
22.2
25.8
20.5
27.4
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
CiegodeAvila
Mor6n
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
City qf Puerto Principe
Santa Cruz del Sur
The province
9,801
60.8
49.2
82
3.2
9,630
61.1
48.9
87.6
2
10,865
66.8
43.2
68.8
9.4
68.140
49.4
50.6
73.8
4.2
U,10t
A5.5
66. 5
65.8
5.1
6,808
64.4
45.6
67.1
5.6
88,234
50.9
49.1
75.2
4.6
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Abreus..^
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartagena
Ccja ae Pablo
Cien f uegos
CUy qf Cienfuego*
Cifuentes
Cnices
EHperanza
Palmira
Placetas
guemado de QUines
anchoVeloz
Ranchnelo
Rodas
Sagua la Grande
City qf Sagua Ut Orande ,
$^n Antonio de las Vueltas
8ancti-SpiritU8
City qf Sanrti'SpiritUM . .
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San J uan de las Ycras
San Juan de los Remedios .
Santa Clara
City qf Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas . .
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
CUy qf Trbtttdad
Yaguajay
The province
3,995
52.9
47.1
55.8
10.1
8,650
62.1
47.9
66
12.3
13,419
56.3
43.7
66.6
7.6
14,496
68
42
64.7
22.3
6,244
56.9
43.1
61.7
8 1
6,961
60.1
49.9
60.2
3 1
69,128
54.4
45.6
64.5
10.8
SO, 058
IS. 6
61. U
st.u
11.6
8,825
50.7
49.3
64.1
4.3
7,953
62.4
47.6
61.3
9
7,811
63.1
46.9
71.7
8.4
6,527
64.7
45.3
49.6
8.6
11,961
64.2
45.8
60.3
11.8
8,890
63.6
46.4
64.6
6.7
7,632
53.4
46.6
60.8
6.3
6,069
49.8
50.2
60.6
4.6
9,562
66.1
43.9
66.7
9.1
21,342
61.1
48.9
64.9
9.6
lt,7t8
tS.k
61.6
55. U
8.9
12,832
65.5
44.5
73
14.5
25.709
46.9
63.1
72.9
2.6
It, 696
39.6
60. U
6U.3
3.1
6,369
63.9
46.1
76.3
4
6,446
68.1
41.9
64.8
9.2
6,600
52.6
47.5
78.8
3.4
14,833
61.8
48.7
61.3
9.7
28,437
61.3
48.7
64.4
6.9
13,763
US. 5
6L5
60.1
6.7
9,608
68.4
41.6
60.7
6.9
10,872
53
47
67.5
4.2
24.271
48.2
51.8
56.6
2.2
ll,ltO
U>.6
69. U
i9.t
t.t
9,718
58.3
41.7
66.3
13.4
356,636
53
47
60.3
8.4
14.8
10.4
21.8
22.0
f9.i
27.3
20.2
34.1
22.7
85.8
23.0
30.2
36.7
34.7
36.0
31.6
39.7
24.9
41.9
27.9
29.7
42.9
34.8
34.2
35.6
35.7
12.5
24.6
3t.6
19.7
26.0
23.3
29.0
28.7
55. «
43.4
28.3
41.2
U8.6
80.3
81.3
Digitized by VjOOQIC
202 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table Vll. — Perctntiige of popiiUiiUm by Hejr, gnunU natirity, and atUtr — Continued.
PROVINrK OF 8ASTIA(JO.
[Fimirps ill Italir are included in thone for the province or district]
DlBtricts.
Total
pi>pula-
tlon.
Alto del Songo 12, 770
Baracoa 21 , W4
Bayamo 21, liB
Campechuelu .
Caney..
(^bre..
Cristo..
Oibara.
Guantanaino.
7,369
9,126
10,707
1.1»4
31, 5W
28.063
Holguin 34.506
JiKiianl .
Manzanfllo
OUv of ManziintU t
arf.
Mayi
Niqaero
Falma Boriano
Puerto Padre
Hagua de T&namo.
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba . .
Ciiy of Santiarfft
10,495
32.28M
14,464
8,504
2,718
12,305
19. 9W
6,796
11,681
45,478
U5,090
The province 327,715
Sex.
Nati^
Male.
Female.
Native !
whiu»«.
51.1
48.9
1
23.3
50.8
49.2
42.8
. 48.7
51.3
52.4
65.7
44.3
53.9
60
40
28.7
60.8
49.2
21
47.2
62.8
42,7
51
49
76.7
51.6
48.4
25.1
49.3
50.7
85.8
48.6
51.4
88.9
48.5
51.5
66.1
i6.1
5U.9
57.fi
60.3
49.7
60.5
50.5
49.5
68.6
52
48
48.3
49.7
60.3
73.4
51.3
48.7
60.4
49.7
50.3
25.4
46.4
.53.6
W.5
46. g
55. S
55.4
50
50
61.20
Foreign , .vji^-^.^
whites. l*^»"«^-
1.8
2.S
1
4.3
18.5
•2.3
6.4*
4.8
6.9
'.6
3.8
fi.4
1.6
2.3
1
1.3
1.4
4
7.6
S
74.9
54.4
46.6
41.8
52.8
7fi.7
50.9
18.5
68.0
12.2
40.5
40.1
S6.0
37.9
29.1
6a7
25.3
38.2
70.6
57.9
56.5
44.71
Tablk Vlir. — Agr and nea\
[FlgurcH in italic are included in those for the province or district.]
Provinces.
Total
popula-
tion.
Habana I 424,8(M
CUytif JMhuiii aX'i, ysi
MatanuiN '202, 4M
PinardclKio 173.0(^4
Puerto PrinciiK' | 88,2:M
Age and »ex.
rnder 5
yearH.
Male.
Fe-
male.
15,31215,585
8,700\ 9,091
Santa Clara..
Santiago. .
8,073
8.KW
5.054
a56,,^<j«H3,()r>M
7,995
7,G81
4,788
13.043
:«7, 71. MO, 274 15,882
Cuba 1,572, 797,65, 904 64,974
5 to 17 years.
Male.
63,56C
50,(5/5
33,530
32,741
17,197
(a, 637
06.214
Fe-
male.
64,127
16,»40
63,45'.
18 to 20
years.
Male.
16,069
15,612
5^,fiS| 8,6SS H,05t
6,628 7,527
7,162
2,?27
12,706
65,67410,05011.614
33,939
31,915 7,064
2,467
12,249
•276, 881 276, 047154, 427 67, 148
Fe-
male,
21 to 44
yearn.
Male.
96,578
5r,5Sf
35,690
32,725
18,081
70,937
49.804
Fe-
male.
77,508
33,969
26,944
12,449
66.420
48,872
•297,765256,167
45 years and
over.
Male.
469
9es
905
025
160
176
508
120,228
Fi-
male.
30,0»7
IS, .140
15.288
7,674
6,431
21,858
•21.928
103.266
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
Catalina
Ceiba del Agua
Guanabacoa
City qf auauaUiciHi . I
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AOR AND SEX.
203
Tablb VIII. — A(jt' and aex — Continueil.
PROVINCE OF HA BAN A— Continued.
[PigureH in italic are included in those for the province or district.]
Distriotfl.
Guara
Guines
Quira dc Melena
Habana
CUy of Ifabaiui
Isla de Pinoa
Jaruco
Madruga
Managua
Marianao
Melena del Snr
Neu va Paz
Pipian
Qiiivican
R€|gla
Salud
San Antonio de la8 Ve-
gas
San Antonio de los
Bafto8
San Felipe
San Jocie de las Lajas . . .
San N icolas
Santa Cruz del Norte. . .
Santa Mariadel Rosario.
Santiago de las Vegas . .
Tapaste
Vereda Nueva
The province
Total
popula-
tion.
M»le.JJS,.
1,835
11.394
11,M8
242,056
flS6,981
3.199
4,076
3,744
2,887
8,593
3,207
7,761
1,101
2,423
11.363
3,293
1,856
12,631
1,915
4,154
4,568
2,965
2,730
10,276
1,551
2,416
424,804
Age and sex.
Under 5
years.
61
309
454
8,909
8,700
195
112
96
»i
341
106
287
17
82
444
106
496
73
136
142
68
84
392
36
82
15,312
66
298
403
9,292
9,091
158
102
117
108
313
116
296
26
71
445
108
470
66
116
167
78
59
407
31
15,585
5 to 17 years.
Male.
391
1,962
2,033
31,630
30,616
547
826
666
674
1,296
601
1,317
210
449
1,787
2, 167
309
769
M7
550
495
1,579
285
488
Fe-
male.
Male.
318
1,990
1,
33,123
5f,2/S
528
757
690
517
1,300
570
1,349
215
468
1.842
604
337
2,147
338
764
719
496
502
1,635
272
18 to 20
years.
21 to 44
years.
Fe- w_,- Fe-
male. *'*'*^- male.
76
403
588
8,914
8,638
106
159
139
126
328
96
200
43
90
374
151
83
529
427
8.254
8,052
97
154
162
127
296
144
297
46
89
394
133
63.562 64.127
09
5371
50
130
161
124
117
380
71
106
514
59
186
182
137
130
394
68
85
16,06915,512
317
2,210
2.547
58.880
57,38t
671
790
621
564
1.881
591
1.385
241
443
2.304
692
310
2.596
312
704
990
603
531
2,170
362
455
96,578
45 years and
over.
Male.
330
2,076
1,710
45.931
45, Off
473
711
708
451
1,446
553
1.418
182
4*23
2.134
521
318
2,086
368
765
680
493
465
1.837
271
421
77,503
80
821
864
18,442
17,993
263
266
285
191
r36
256
639
71
172
856
182
122
135
301
403
258
183
749
95
166
Fe-
male.
31,409
83
776
636
18,680
18,SUi
161
200
265
140
656
174
567
50
136
783
140
783
145
283
277
158
164
733
60
132
;».087
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Artemiaa
Bahia Honda
Cabanas
Candelaria
Consolaclon del Norte
Consolacion del Sur . .
9,817
296
280
1,732
1,561
405
396
1.933
1.574
645
2, 117
82
86
387
391
49
96
328
SM
157
3,853
102
97
615
5T2
166
123
834
633
4-26
4,866
156
141
964
882
208
183
992
823
300
7,399
362
338
1.549
1.496
326
;J23
1,3'29
1,072
379
16,665
755
7ft5
3.278
3.242
673
726
2.805
2,626
1.044
494
157
285
215
221
757
Digitized by
Google
204
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table VIII. — Age and ttejr — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO— Continued.
[Figtires In italic are included in those for the province or district.]
Total
Age and sex.
Under 5
yearn.
6 to 17
years.
18 to 20
years.
21 to 44
years.
45 years and
over.
Male.
370
549
91
60
77
880
130
2,252
i06
122
74
39
736
426
1,073
Fe-
male.
354
499
90
64
74
344
145
2,127
WO
101
89
47
630
405
1,00&
Male.
Fe-
male.
«»'-mSfe.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Guanajay
8,796
14,760
2,710
1,871
2,456
8.366
3,631
38,ai3
8,sao
4,263
2,419
1,137
14,787
7,608
17,700
1,620
2,798
521
400
498
1,631
619
7,022
l,3li
836
490
202
2,873
1,457
8,349
1,562
2,585
493
380
466
1,629
614
6,999
i,S6S
827
421
186
2,689
1,431
3,500
257
399
1,455
3,669
487
345
603
1,741
636
6,774
1,651
886
606
169
2,W2
1,331
3,160
1,675
2,165
421
284
401
1,207
662
6,936
ijeu
714
399
174
2,141
1.179
2,474
603
771
202
103
124
410
296
2,606
Sd9
233
125
129
920
490
1,062
611
Guane
713
138
76
101
875
122
1,428
t88
200
105
83
699
285
706
637
122
82
131
370
138
1,539
4*7
205
96
36
576
295
695
474
Guayabal
145
Julian Diaz
78
Los Palaclos
81
Mantua
279
Mariel
270
Plnar del Rio
1,660
CUyqfPinardelJiw.
San CriBtobal
470
140
Han Diego de los Bafloet.
Ban Di(^o dc Nufiez
San Juan yMartines
San Luis
115
1-24
582
310
Vinales
676
The province
173,064
8,188
7,681
32,741
31,916 7,064
7,162 32,726
26.944
11.025
7,C74
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Ciego de Avila
9,801
9,630
10,356
63.140
25, lot
6,308
678
638
626
3,049
1,181
368
601
487
471
2,987
1,171
842
2,178
2,166
1,792
9,970
3,909
1,092
2,180
2,088
1,763
9,877
U,508
1,062
262
811
1,334
1,311
2,188
7,376
S.316
1,294
1,300
1,332
7,928
A, 675
595
632j' 536
63? 519
Moron
276 814
856 806
Nuevitas
1,027 596
Puerto Principe
Cit^ of Puerto PHh-
1,410
610
164
1,629
918
4,420 4,491
1,896 t,918
Santa (Jruz del Sur
167j 822
439( .287
The province
88,234
5,054
4.788
17,197
16,940
2.4i57
2,727 13,031
12,449
7,150i 6,431
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Ahreus
Caitmrien
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartegena
Cejadel'ablo
Cienfuegos
CUyo/CienSutgm...
Cifuentea
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetaa
Quemado de Guinea
Rancho Veloz
Ranehuelo
Rodns
Sagua la Grande
Oily qf Sagua la
Grande
San Antonio de las
Vueltaa
Sanctl Spiritus
Cityo/SanctiShpirilu»
San Diego del Valle .
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras..
San Juan de los Reme-
dies
Santa Clara
City of Santa Ciara. .
SanU Isabel de las Lajas
Santo Domingo
Tinidad
CilyqfTrintdad..
Yaguajay
The province..
8,995
8,650
18,419
14,495
6,244
6,954
69,128
30,038
3,825
7,953
7,811
6,627
11,961
8,890
7,632
5,059
9,662
21,342
lt,7S8
12,832
25.709
It, 696
5,369
6,445
6,600
14,833
28,437
13,763
9,603
10,372
24,271
ll,ltO
9,718
356,636
168
439
476
647
192
391
2,254
1,£^
156
262
237
270
418
390:
317,
IHl'
:«7
822
180
406
458
676
216
376
2,214
1,30U
143
270
215
251
416'
316
337
186
413
I
478
793,
370
171
207
213
633
843
UU
248
345
925
U78
436
13,068
491
8T7
1,56
134
206
l»l
576
782
i30
264
292
934
505
431
13,043
679
1,607
2,811
2,470
1,107
1,292
9,978
U,6Jia
715
1,305
1,624
1,125
2,167
1,689
1,343
933
1,735
3,613
t,07U
2,492
6,068
t,S0t[
1,006
1,275
1,124
2,469
6,146
t,t17\
1,679
1,849
4,627
1,8U
1,?20
762'
1,677
2,200
2,866
1,087
1,334
9,776
5,1U
703
1,422
1,460
1,149
2,173
IJ
1,;
1,020
1,693
3,746
t.31i
2,345
5,206
t,S7t
960
1,180
1,110
2,666
6.164
t,5t8
1,448
1,920
4,502
t,Ul
1,670
63, 637 1 63,462
116
263
471
634
226
177
2,084
960
84
240
306
213
402
804
196
145
347
519
709
t83
186
253
205
493
1,062
U8
477
338
746
256
395j
427
222
281
161
291
815
236
372
306
270
825
790
427
881
515
218
197
212
514
1,096
595
341
381
1,010
530
300
12,24912,706
776
1,629
2,897
3,623
1,514
■958
12.8271
5,677 •
676'
1.590;
1,694
1,308
2,496;
1.6041
1,291
915
2,066
3,997
634
1.339
2,020^
2,091
894
1.022
9,357
5,51,3
672
1,290
1,307
889
1,901
1,414
1,047
861
1,295
3,621
t,129\ t,315
2,766
3,613
1,108
1,167
1,616
1,061
2,836
5,694
2,373
2,309
2,125
3,733
1,362
2,308
70,987
1,906
4,306
2,539
906
831
2,876
6,010
2,813
1,433
1,716
4,199
2,296
1,294
3*U
6»W
1,398
1,133
515
668!
5,030
t,07S
3071
773
485
6531
1.0081
815
877
847
862'
1,915
1,110
1,86:1
747|
366;
491
345
1,274'
1,838
790\
1,757,
6061
805
207
523
091
628
278
606
3.546
2,281
218
610
379
433
018
494
516
278
469
1.386
916
5*2
2,392
^^S
289
256
1,107
1,801
1,137
511
568
1,968
1,132
459
66,420 29.176 21.858
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AGE AND SEX.
205
Table VIII. — Age and sex. — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
[Figures in italic are included in those for the province fir diKtricu]
Districts.
Alto Songo
Baracoa
Bayamo
Campechuela
Caney
Cobre
Criflto
Qibara
Quantanamo
Holguin
Jiquani
^anzanillo
City of ManzaniUij . .
Mayari
Niquero
Pauna Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagua de Tanamo
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba
City of Santiago de
Total
.\ge und 8cx.
Under 5 I
years.
5 to 17 years.
18 to 20
years.
21 to 44
45 years and
over.
Male.
12,7701
21,944
21,193
7,369
9,126'
10,707
1,1941
31,594
28,0631
34,506,
10,496'
32,288,
8.5(M
2,718
12,305
19,9^
5,796
11,681
45,478
ltS,090
696
1,509
1,231
356
322
6071
Fe-
male.
Male.
652
1,391 1
1,166|
322'
5711
331 44
l,594i 1,5231
1,144 l,206i
1,942' 1,797
5601 572
1,494 1,578
66S
The province ! 327, 715
600.
173,
619'
1,131
337,
543'
492
139'
565
,096'
338
572
1,493 1.524
1,955 1,387
16,274
15,882
2,637
4,404
4,755
1.522
1,594
2.035
244
6,760
5,159
7,363
2,a55
6,617
g,651
1,877
592
2,679
4,310
1,313
2,424
7,574
66,-214
Fe-
male.
Male-
Fe-
male.
2,520
4,308
4,701;
1,343
1.6071
2.057
248
6,517
4,978
7,200
2,387
6,693
i,917
1.814
582
2,609
4,339
1,242
2,400
8,329
583|
6161
Male.
298
327|
23 38i
1,012 1,1(M'
825 916|
93li 1,274
341, 351t
998 1,2001
UfS 6S8\
2481
69,
457'
666,
18l|
354
l,424l
285'
91|
434,
750!
207
4a5
,795
7,847 1,SW 1,709
65,674110,050
11,514
1,809
3,332
2,395
1,456
2,649
1,571
192
4,889
5,015
4.599
1,160
4.658
2, if 5
1,132
384
1,656
2,606
808
1,586
7,908
7,569
49,8(M
Fe-
male.
Male.
1,749
3,171
2,792
9721
1.130
1,442
211 !
4.&13.
4,373'
5,054.
1,396*
4,8861
1,172
398
1,593
2,678
760
1,710
8,742
8,iOS
Fe-
male.
48,872
984
1,313
1,314
475
615
903
71'
1,8711
2,3331
2.185i
698
1,899|
7U
523>
155
985
1,228
834
898
2,719
1.250
1.513
378
440
829
90
1,681
2,115
2, 161
685
2,265
461
135
808
1,179
276
789
3,970
S,8t»
21,503 21,928
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206
REPORT ON THK CENSUS OK CUBA, 1899.
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6,289
7,7M
10,103
12,234
77,456
76.170
82,075
20,743
10.996
81.096
86.688
81,064
26,369
21,886
14,890
10,802
6,640
6.856
2,862
1.699
662
mi
96
63
80
8
24
i
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12,011
8,362
11,761
16,104
17,736
1U,328
107,660
67,074
86.615
20,533
68,418
64,199
54,789
46.716
38.066
26,727
26,706
14,676
16,608
6.468
2,218
2,868
650
663
287
178
28
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8 years
4 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years *.
15 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
45 to 49 years
60 to 54 years ,
66 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
85 to 89 years
90 to 94 years
95 to 99 years ^
100 years
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AGE, RACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX.
217
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Digitized by
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218
REPORT ON THE OEN8178 OF CtTBA, 1899.
Tablk X.— Birthplace.
[Figrures in italic are included in thoae for the prorince or diotrict.]
Pmvince.
Totidpopa-
Utlon!^
Cuba.
Spate.
Other
coontriei.
Unknovn.
Hatmna ........... , ...
484,804
208,444
178,064
88,284
866,586
827,716
840,122
178yfi«
180,4U
82,082
817,248
8U,041
a, 487
40,8M
Km
MK2M
8.505
28,886
11,870
14.107
10, U6
0.791
2.800
1,687
10,805
4,896
86
City of HdbcoM
MaUnns
pin4«r<1H Rio.
Puerto Principe
Banta Clara .r
Hfintiaffo
Cuba
1,672.787
1,400,262
120,240
43,207
S
PROVmCB OF BABAMA.
District
Total popu-
lation.
Cuba.
Spain.
Other
countries.
UnkDovQ.
Aguacate
Alquisar
Bainoa
Batabano
BauU
Bejucal
Cano
Casiffuas
Catiuina
Ceibadel Agua
Quanabacoa
City qf Quanabacoa . . .
Quara
Giiincs
GuimdeMelena
Habana
CUyofHabana
Islade Pfnoa
jaruco
Mad ruga
Managua
Marianao
Melina del 8ur
NuevaPax
Pipian
Quivican
R^la
SaUid
San Antonio de las V^as
San Antonio de loe Bancs
San Felipe
San Jose do las Lajas
San Nicolas
Santa Crux del Norte
Santa Maria del Rosario. .
Santiago de las Vegas. . . .
Tapaste
VeiedaNueva
The province
8,168
8,746
1,725
6,608
5,142
6,756
4.210
1.004
2.718
2.107
20.080
13,965
1.835
11,304
11,548
248,056
t55,981
8,100
4,076
8,744
2,887
8.50S
8,207
7,761
1,1(M
2.428
H.86B
8.293
1,855
12.681
1,015
4,154
4,568
2.965
2.780
10,276
1,551
2.416
2.960
196
67
7.849
797
100
1.688
73
U
^666
884
188
4^686
481
75
6.818
S?2
71
8,784
872
54
974
21
9
2.555
144
19
2,021
UO
17
18.400
1.277
40B
It, 700
dOB
S6S
1.742
79
H
10,888
807
196
10,196
188,604
1.162
47.700
190
10,605
m,m
IS, 866
10, m
2,990
195
14
8,843
205
28
8 472
228
44
2,767
liO
U
5; 171
808
6H
8,024
118
68
7.214
858
180
1,064
32
6
2,260
145
19
9>536
1,430
898
8,100
186
7
1,794
54
7
11.866
1.145
120
1,760
116
40
8 867
179
; 108
4.246
209
118
2.762
182
81
2.544
108
88
8,828
1,080
181
l,4r9
60
12
2,8U
96
9
424,804
849,122
61,487
14,107
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
Alacranes
Bolondron
Cabezaa
Canasl
Cardenas
CUyof Oardauu
Carlos Rojas
Colon
Cueyitas
Guamacaro
JagOey Grande
Jovellanos
Macagua
Macuriges
Marti
Matanzas
City of MatansoB
8,110
7,181
471
458
9,179
7,885
776
618
5,184
4,803
284
97
1,993
1,820
80
98
24,861
21,874
^2,166
831
tl,9iO
19,t63
1,9S9
7IS
8,174
2,797
171
206
12,195
10,719
763
718
6,807
6,126
874
807
6.000
6,836
858
806
5,858
6,282
885
186
7,629
6,606
4; 617
890
441
5,042^
186
289
10,405
9,174
689
642
8,905
7.711
888
806
46,282
40,026
3,906
1,860
se,m
SB, 107
s,oei
1,M6
Digitized by VjOOQIC
BIBTBPIiAOE.
219
Tablb X. — Birthptace — Continued.
[Figures in italic arc included In those for the proTlnce or district.]
DlBtrlct.
Total popu-
laUonT
Cnha.
Spain.
Other
countries.
Unknown.
Mflxlxno QoBOsz
4,046
2,168
7,647
4449
4,4M
; ^;^
i B,2»
8,667
1,981
6,616
8,754
8,847
4,510
5,886
2,639
4,685
182
124
406
244
228
891
696
248
887
257
108
894
804
884
78
154
Mendez Caoote
Palmlllas...
Perico
ItoQue
SabaniUa
San Jose de Ion Ramos. , . , r
*"
Santa Ana
Union de Revw - r
The provhsce
, 202,411;
178,624
14,127
9,798
PROVINCE OP PINAR DEL RIO.
Artemisa
Bahia Honda
Cabanas
Candelaria
Consolaciondel Norte..
Gonsolaciondel Sur
Guanajay
Guane
Guayabal
Julian Dias :..
LosPalaclos^
Mantua
Mariel
PinardelRio
CUv of Pinar dd JUo
San Cmtobal ...,
San Diego de los Bafios ,
San Diego de Nufiez
San Juan y Martinez. . . .
San Luis
Vinales
TheproTince
9,817
2,117
8,858
4,866'
7,89^
16,665
8,796
14, 7W
2,710"
1,871
2,466
8,866
3.681
88,349
8,88lh
4,268
2,419
i,m
14.787
7,608
17,700
178,064
8,74T
2,012
8.448
4,628
7,019
15,808
8,006
18,584
2,488
1,809
2,880
7,887
8,870
85,148
7JS»
4,096
2,827
1,082
13,868
7,078
16,414
160»460
450
60
148
217
830
617
602
1,161
286
46
85
468
183
2,515
8t9
141
74
46
1,286
468
1,177
10,254
128
45
267
26
60
246
166
66
86
16
41
16
126
660
S19
29
18
60
168
67
109
2,866
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
CiegodeAyila ,
Moron
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe ,
CUyqf Puerto Principe..
Santa Crui del Sur
The province .
9,801
9,680
10,866
63,140
6,808
I8,23i
9,462
9,422
8,926
60,202
4,971
82,962
271
187
902
1,963
1,157
282
3,595
68
21
528
966
56
1,657
PROVINCE OF SANTA OLARA.
Abreus
Calbarien
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartagena'
C^ade Pablo
Clenfuegor
Cfiv qf (Kenfwegos
Cifuentes
Graces
nperanza
Palmira
Placetas
Quemado de Guincs
Kancho Velos
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua la Grande
Cfity of Oagua la Orande .
San Antonio de laa Vueltas
Sancti Splrltus
cay ofSancU SpirUut. . .
San Diego del VaUe
8,996
8,660
18,419
1<495
6,244
6 964
69,128
SO, 058
8,826
^058
7^811
6,527
11,961
8,890
7,582
6,069
9,662
21,842
lt,7t8
12,832
26,709
It, 696
6,869
3,881
382
232
7,411
i,oir
222
11,817
990
612
19,822
8,167
506
6,631
502
111
6,466
208
286
61,119
6,914
2,096
f6,0C9
$,188
888
8,686
162
78
6,802
686
466
7,470
249
92
6,707
543
277
10,280
1,861
820
8,011
492
887
6,783
453
816
4,710
230
119
8,404
792
866
18,498
1,941
903
lUt85
1,068
A75
10,775
1,K53
201
24,626
603
481
If, 170
54P
177
6,067
209
93
Digitized by VjOOQIC
220
REPORT ON THE CEN8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
Table X. — Birthplace — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLA&A-<;oiitixiaed.
[Figure! in iUUic are included in thooe for the province or district.]
District.
Total popu-
Cuba.
Spain.
Other
countries.
Unknown.
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Remedios.
Santa Clara
City qf Santa Clara
Santa Lsabel de las Lsjas . .
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
CUu qf Trinidad
Yaguajay
The province ,
6,445
5,600
14,888
28,487
1SJ6S
9,608
10,372
24,271
IhltO
9,718
856,586
5,754
5,880
12,972
26,094
If.tfSA
8,724
9,680
28,286
10,765
8,140
665
188
1,878
1,762
7t8
555
419
480
mu
1,282
106
32
483
561
561
824
323
555
161
296
817,248
28,896
10 A
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
AltoSongo
Baraooa
Bayamo
Campechuela
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
Qibara
Ouantanamo
Holguin
Jiguani
Manxanlllo
City qfManzaniUo
Mayari
Niquero
Palma Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagua de Tanamo
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba
City qf Santiago de Cuba
The province
12,770
21,944
21,198
7,869
9,126
10,707
1,194
81,594
28,063
34,606
10,495
82,288
8,504
2,718
12,805
19,984
5,796
11,681
45,478
ia,090
827,715
12,487
21,291
20,941
7,015
7,800
10,384
1,106
29,912
25,802
83,746
10,425
80.904
8,363
2,649
12,156
19,651
5,708
11,134
40,967
58,607
8U,941
191
665
195
295
1,544
198
64
1,381
1,602
627
60
1,086
7S0
109
56
122
254
78
487
2,665
9,66U
11,879
92
88
67
59
282
125
24
301
659
133
10
348
t5U
82
13
27
79
10
UO
1,946
l,9t9
4,895
Tablb XI. — Birthplace^ bcx, and race,
CUBA.
Countries of
Both classes.
White.
Colored.
birth.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Vemt^e.
Cuba
1,400,262
1,108
1,712
752
108
1,108
6.«4
129,240
588
87
41
284
1,279
501
114
64
650
12,963
9
14,863
8
528
88
675,514
519
926
409
56
417
4,504
83
107,418
389
28
82
229
853
890
90
46
426
7,668
7
14,814
7
403
42
724,748
689
786
848
52
691
1,940
23
21,822
199
14
9
55
426
111
24
18
224
5,296
2
49
1
126
16
910,244
789
669
694
95
992
5,645
42
129,100
424
87
41
284
1,256
199
90
55
637
56
6
249
4
434
55
447.345
891
302
380
48
869
3,935
22
107,329
279
23
82
229
840
389
76
43
419
45
5
249
3
832
28
462,899
898
867
314
47
J23
1,710
20
21,771
145
14
9
66
416
110
14
12
218
11
1
490,018
819
1,043
58
18
116
799
14
140
164
228,160
128
624
29
8
48
669
11
89
110
261,849
191
419
29
5
68
230
8
51
64
Porto Rico
West Indies
South America...
Central America .
Mexico
United States
Spain
£!hgland
Ireland '..
ScoUand ^...
Germany
France
23
2
24
9
18
12,897
14,614
94
33
13
1
14
8
7
7,613
2
14,566
4
71
14
10
6
6
Italy
Porti^l
Scanmnavla
Other Europe
Africa. ....\!
Australia
5,284
China
1
49
Japan
1
102
27
Other countries ..
Unknown
28
19
Cuba
1,572,797
815,205
757,592
1,062,897
563, U8
489,284
620,400
252,092
268,808
Digitized by VjOOQIC
BIBTHPLAOE, SEX, AND KACE.
Table XI. — Birthplace^ seXy and race — Continued.
221
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
Countries of
Both classes.
White.
Colored.
birth.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Cobft
849,122
615
283
457
33
846
4,178
24
61,487
272
18
24
190
642
834
45
85
243
1,799
6
3,848
213
88
162,664
242
121
228
19
297
2,762
13
49, 7M
169
8
18
153
855
243
88
22
168
769
6
3,810
1
159
42
186,468
873
162
229
14
549
1,426
11
11,783
103
10
6
37
287
91
7
13
85
1,030
1
38
1
M
46
243,564
459
217
434
30
768
3,638
20
61,426
216
18
24
190
638
338
38
82
241
15
5
52
1
176
55
116,810
195
84
217
17
268
2,387
10
49,671
128
8
18
153
862
243
82
22
157
11
4
52
126,764
264
133
217
13
600
1,251
10
11,756
88
10
6
37
286
90
6
10
84
4
1
106,558
166
66
23
3
78
640
4
61
66
45,854
47
87
11
2
29
366
8
33
41
59,704
109
29
12
1
49
Porto Rioo
West Indie*
South America...
Central America .
Mexico
United States
Oftuada
175
1
Spain
28
Ifrff1«nd. .
15
Trpl^^nd
8mtiartd
G^*nnanr
France
4
1
7
8
2
1,784
1
3,796
87
83
8
1
Italy
1
Portucal
6
1
Scandinavia
3
Other £ifrope
Africa......
1
768
1
3,758
26
14
1
1.026
Australia
China
38
Japan
Other cooiUrles...
Unknown
1
43
27
133
28
11
19
Theprorince.
424,804
221,990
202,814
812,590
171,000
141,690
112.214
60,990
61,224
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
Cuba
178,624
71
22
60
5
70
539
14
14,127
87
4
3
17
133
84
13
85,121
38
7
40
1
20
395
8
11,070
23
4
2
11
95
29
10
98,408
88
16
20
4
60
144
6
8,057
14
102,682
48
20
57
4
59
606
11
14,116
36
4
8
17
133
84
8
60,824
26
6
87
52,358
23
14
20
4
43
134
6
3,051
18
75,842
23
2
3
1
11
83
3
11
1
84,797
8
1
3
1
4
23
2
6
41, M6
16
1
Porto Rioo
W€«t Indies
South America...
Central America .
Mexico
United Statea
Canada
16
372
6
11,065
23
4
2
11
96
29
7
7
10
1
Spain
6
En^l^fi^
1
1n>1«nf|
(W^and .. .
1
6
38
6
8
1
6
88
6
1
OennanT ....
France
ItalT
Porioffa)
6
3
2
ScanSnaTia
Other Europe
Africa. ....V.
66
4,898
39
2,6U
17
1,882
55
3
89
2
16
1
1
4,390
"i'edi"
1
1,881
AustiatiA
diJna
70
68
8
64
8
64
64
3
44
4.186
4,182
8
Jantn
OtlMrooun^ea ..
12
10
16
14
2
The province.
202,444
108,726
98,718
117,917
62,174
66,743
84,«27
41,562
42,976
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Cuba
160,460
26
9
20
1
28
118
♦8
10,254
6
6
80,727
17
6
16
1
11
91
2
9,098
8
79,728
4
6
114,907
21
5
20
1
24
112
2
10,247
6
6
58,678
14
2
16
1
7
86
1
9,092
8
66,884
8
6
45,648
4
22,154
8
28,380
1
PdrtoRloo
Westlndiea
South Afnerir*,^^,
r^vtrai Afn4*rir4^ .
Mexico
United SUtea
Cfuiada
17
27
1
1,166
1
2
17
26
1
1,166
2
4
6
1
7
4
6
1
6
i
Spain
1
BKland
Iieland. ......
%Hrt1and
Qwrm^ny . ....
8
81
29
2
8
72
26
2
8
80
29
2
8
71
26
2
nance
9
8
9
8
1
1
Italy
ftKiaia.:
Digitized by VjOOQIC
222
BBPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tasub hi. — Birthplace, sex, and race — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PINAB X>lSh JUO-Oontiniied.
Cknmfcrieflof
BothclaaMs.
White,
Colored.
birth.
Total.
Male. .
Female.
Total.
Hale.
Ilemale.
Total.
Male.
Female.
6cAndlnaTiA ......
2
120
1,319
2
81
945:
.2
120
17
2
81
17
Other Europe ....
89
874
89
Africa
1,802
928
874
Australia
China
676
573
8
12
12
564
601
8
Japan
Other countries...
Unknown
14
10
4
11
8
8
3
2
1
The pfovinoe.
173,064
91,688
81,876
125,625
68,020
57,606
47,489
28.668
23,771
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Cuba J
82,982
24
117
23
7
17
248
2
3^595
25
2
4
7
80
4
4
40,870
16
75
14
8
9
204
'"8*i76'
16
2
4
5
24
4
2
42,612
8
42
9
4
8
44
2
419
9.
66,849
20
65
21
7
16
237
2
4
7
29
4
1
82,575
12
85
12
8
9
194
*'*3,i73'
10
2
4
5
28
4
1
88,774
8
SO
9
4
7
43
2
419
7
16,638
62
2
7,396
4
40
2
8,888
i2
Porto Rico
Wert Indies
South America..^
Central America. .
Mexico ;
1
U
1
United States
Canada
10
1
Rmln..
3
8
8
6
FihglAnd
2
Ireland
Scotland
Germany
2
6
2
6
France I
1
1
Italy.
2
3
1
2
Soan^navia
Other Europe
Africa. ....V.
7.
674
7
611
163*
6
1
6
1
1
673
1
510
163
Australia
China
451
1
10
449
1
7
2
451
1
8
449
1
2
2
Japan
Other countries...
Unknown
8,
7
5
2
1
The province.
88,234
44,899
43,835
70,887
86,074
34,818
17,847
8,825
9,022
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Cuba
317,243
107
58
65
4
98
529
9
28,398
52
3
5
25
148
58
25
9
172
4,178
5,268
1
88
155,876
60
34
89
8
58
880
6
24,299
36
1
8
19
117
50
21
8
103
2,607
2
5,268
1
76.
161,867
47
19
26
1
45
149
8
4,099
16
2
2
6
81
8
4
1
69
1,571
214,946
82
26
58
4
88
512
5
28,366
48
8
6
25
148
58'
20
8
170
19
1
HI
106,771
49
15
86
8
46
871
8
24,275
82
1
8
19
m
50
19
8
102
14
1
111
u
22
1
37
141
2
4,091
16
2
2
6
31
8
1
102,296
25
27
7
49,105
11
19
8
53,198
14
8
4
Porto Rico
Wert Indies ^
South America...
Central America. •
Mexico
United States
15
17
4
82
4
7
9
8
24
4
8
8
I
Spain
8
faiffland
Irehind
Scotland
Germany
France I
Italy
p(Mrti:mkl
6
.1
5,152
1
17
2
8
ScandinaYia. .....
1
Other Europe
Africa
68
6
1
15
1
1.666
Australia
1
China
Japan ............
Otbercounfrles..
Unknown >.......
12
71.
61
10
2
The province.
856,536
189,067
167,479
244,768
182,107
112,661
1U,768
56,960
54.818
Digitized by VjOOQIC
BIBTHPliAOS, S£Z, AIin> BAC£.
223
Table XI. — BirOytlace, sex, and mce — Ckmtmued.
PEOVINCE OP SANTXAOO.
Countries of
Both classes.
White.
Colored.
With.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Caba
811,941
266
1,228
127
68
49
882
4
11,879
197
5
5
42
245
42
25
18
62
590
150,766
151
684
78
29
27
682
4
10,071
141
5
5
88
190
88
17
14
88
315
161,186
115
544
64
29
22
160
"i'soe*
66
167,797
159
886
104
49
42
C40
2
11,863
102
5
5
41
21
18
45
1
82,292
96
160
63
24
23
625
10,0^
82
5
5
88
182
87
15
11
84
85,605
68
176
41
25
19
115
""i'soo'
20
144,144
107
892
28
9
7
192
2
26
95
68.464
524
10
5
4
167
2
18
60
75,680
62
868
18
4
8
85
Porto Rico
West Indies
South America . . .
Central America..
Mexico
United Btates
CanftdA......--T-,
8
^^land
86
Scotland
Qermany . . . r r . . . .
4
55
4
8
4
14
275
4
46
4
6
2
11
1
France
17
1
4
5
7
569
8
1
2
8
4
815
9
Italv
Fortoffal
2
ScanoinaYla
Other Eorope ....
Africa.
2
8
274
Australia
China
476
1
188
478
1
93
8
10
10
466
1
18
463
1
12
8
Janan
Other countries..
Unknown ....,., r
40
115
81
84
6
The province.
827,715
163,845
163,870
181,110
98,788
87,872
146,605
70,107
76,498
CITY OF CIENFUEG08.
Cuba
26,028
23
83
18
2
19
120
1
3,156
13
1
2
8
89
12
6
4
41
148
11,274
10
19
10
1
8
76
1
2,695
9
14,754
13
14
8
1
11
44
15,785
17
17
15
2
17
115
1
8,163
10
1
2
8
89
12
5
4
40
4
7,045
9
10
10
1
8
75
1
2,695
6
,»0
■ V
40j
10,293
6
16
8
9
6,064
5
7
8
Porto Rico
West Indies
South America . . .
Central America. .
Mexico
2
5
2
United States
Ofiflil^ ,
1
4
460
4
1
1
8
21
2
1
458
4,
1
1
3
21
2
2
8
2
^land
8
Ireland ........ r t r
ScK>t1and . . . r , r , , ,
i
6
18
10
19
62
1
5
18
10
5
4
19
3
Germany
Fruice I
Pornisai
1
1
ScanSnavia ....
Other Euiope ....
Africa ;
22
86
21
1
1
144
1
69
65
Australia
China ,,-TTrT
842
842
1
1
841
841
Other countries ..
23
20
8
22
19
»J
1
1
Thcdty....
80,088
14,689
16,449
19,220.
9,945
9,275.
10,818
4,644
6,174
CITY OF HABANA.
Cuba
178,670
609
265
866
18
707
8,868
20
283
15
21
166
569
278
29
81
78,646
193
109
174
11
242
2,198
18
87,668
140
5
16
187
806
200
24
19
100,024
816
146
192
7
465
1,176
7
9,187
98
10
5
29
268
78
5
u
115,582
366
202
860
15
640
2,929
17
46,810
194
16
21
166
665
277
26
1»
52,940
162
80
169
9
220
1,900
10
87,645
U4
6
16
187
808
200
22
19
62.592
218
122
181
6
420
1,029
80
10
5
29
262
77
4
9
68,138
144
63
16
3
67
489
3
45
89
25,706
41
29
6
2
22
296
8
28
26
87,432
103
24
11
1
i5
146
Porto Rico
West Indies
South America...
Central America..
Mexico
United States
Canada
Spain
22
Kngiftpd ,...-,...
18
Iceland....
Scotland
Germany
France
4
1
3
3
3
1
Italy
1
Portugal
2
1
8
Digitized by VjOOQIC
224
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XI. — Birthplace^ ux^ and race — Continued.
CITY OF HABANA— Continued.
Conn tries of
Bothclaases.
White.
Colored.
birth.
Total.
Male.
91
259
3
2,720
1
88
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male. JFcmale.
Other Europe —
Africa
142
843
4
2,761
2
129
51
584
1
81
1
41
140
7
3
17
1
113
90
4
2
17
60
8
1
2
836
1
2.734
1
16
1! 1
266 ' l^l
Australia
1 1
China .
2.703 , 51
Japan
1
87
^ 1 1
Otner countries . .
Unknown
76
12 1 4
The city....
236,981
123,258
112,723
168,433
94,190
74,303
67,548
29,128
3R.42D
CITY OF MATANZA8.
Cuba
Porto Rico
West Indies.. . .
82,107
26
15
7
2
82
418
8
3,061
21
1
8
9
89
U
2
13,768
11
4
8
18,889
16
11
4
2
27
109
2
758
7
20,981
19
15
7
2
29
396
3
3,068
21
1
3
9
89
11
1
9,219
9
4
3
11,712
10
11
4
2
24
100
2
766
7
11,176
7
4,649 '
6.627
5
South America . . .
:::::::::' :: :::::::i: : : ::
Central America. .
1
Mexico . . .
5
809
1
2,308
14
1
2
5
23
7
1
6
295
1
2
5
23
7
1
3
23
'
3
United States
Canada ..... . , .
"1
9
Spain
8
1
3
Ejiff land
1
Ireland
)
Scotland
1
4
16
4
1
i
4
16
4
flprmany
1
France
1 1
Italy
1 ■
Pordiffal
'
1
.........
1
Scandinavia
Other Europe
Africa
17
244
13
106
4
189
17
13
4
: i::::::"
244
105 1
139
Australia
China
842
8
U
342
3
6
842
342 1.
1
Japan
3
11
8
6
Otlier countries . .
5
5
!!!!!. !!!i:::::::;':
Unknown
::.:.:.'::!
F
The city....
36,874
16,926
19,448
24,676
U,914
12,661
11,799
5,012 '
6,787
CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Cuba
28.641
12
44
9
5
10
51
9,636
10
21
6
8
5
80
13,906
2
28
4
2
5
21
16,606
10
88
9
6
10
50
6.764
8
20
6
8
6
80
9,741
2
18
4
2
5
20
7,036
\
2,872
2
1
4,164
5
Porto Rico
West Indies
South America...
Central America..
Mexico
t
United States
1
1 i
Spain
England
1,137
13
997
6
140
7
1,115
12
996
6
140
6
2
2
i
Ireland
Scotland
1
Germany
8
6
2
2
3
6
2
2
8
6
2
1
8
4
2
1
France..
1
1
1
"^r
Italy :
Portugal
1
1
Scanfinavla
Other Europe
Africa. ....v.
Australia
190
112
78
1
1
189
lU
78
China
Japan
75
74
1
76
74
1
Other countries..
Unknown
2
1
1
2
i*
i*
V.WV.'.W
The city....
26,102
10,912
14,190
17,788
7,848
9,940
7,814
8,064
4.260
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OITIZ£KSHIP.
225
Tabus XI. — Birthplace , «ftr, and race — Continued.
CITY OF SANTIAGO.
Countries of
Both classes.
White.
Colored.
birth.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Cuba
38,607
125
805
55
38
28
366
1
2,554
118
3
3
23
52
12
7
8
24
71
16,602
67
409
27
18
15
308
1
2,225
74
1
21
31
9
2
4
22
23
22,105
58
396
28
20
13
58
829'
44
15.266
204
40
35
27
276
1
2,549
48
3
3
23
42
12
4
4
20
1
6,702
39
92
21
17
14
226
1
2,220
33
3
3
21
28
9
1
2
19
35
112
19
18
13
50
23,349
51
601
15
3
1
90
9,800
28
317
6
1
1
82
13,549
23
284
9
2
8
Porto Rico
West Indies
South America...
Central America. .
Mexico
United States
Spain
329
15
5
70
6
41
29
Ireland
R<*otlaiid
2
21
3
5
4
2
48
2
14
3
3
2
1
• 1
France
10
3
7
Italy
Portugal
3
4
4
70
1
2
3
23
2
Scan^navia
Other Eiut)pe
Africa......
2
1
47
Australia
China
106
106
106
106
Japan
Other countries. . .
TTtiknoyrn
84
52
32
74
46
28
10
6
4
The city....
43,090
19,922
23,168
18.696
9,497
9,201
24,392
10,425
13,967
Table XIL— 'Citizenship,
[Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district]
Proyince.
Total.
Cuban.
Spanish.
In sus-
pense.
Other
citizen-
ship.
Un-
known.
City qf Babana.
Matanzas
Pinardel Rio
Puerto Principe....
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
424,804
tS5,981
202,444
173,064
88,284
356,536
827,716
309,533
161,563
162,901
147,974
77,073
296,581
800,805
8,987
7,7 IS
2,483
1,683
1,543
8,464
2,368
89,255
«4,lf8
18,282
20,306
7.355
26,920
18,691
16,908
It, 6^
23,461
3,072
2,225
27,541
6,315
1,572,797
1,296,867
20,478
175, 8U
79,525
171
U
814
27
88
80
616
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
District.
Affoacaie
AlQuisar
Samoa
Batabano
Bauta
Bejucal
Cano
Ossignas
Gatalina
CeibadelAgua
Gnanabaeoa
CUy ctf Ouanabaooa
Quara
QOines
Ouira de Melena
Habana
Cityof Habana
Islade Pmos
Jaruco
Madruga
Managua
24662^^ — 15
Total.
8,163
8,746
1,725
6,528
6,142
6,766
4,210
1,004
2,718
2,197
20,060
IS, 966
1,885
11,394
11,548
242,055
tS6,981
8,199
4,076
8,744
2,887
8,508
Cuban.
2,710
7,489
1,554
4,930
4,265
4,918
8,482
961
2,409
1,872
17,064
11,7S7
1,656
9,697
9,566
156,102
161, 66S
2,818
8,583
8,204
2,624
6,454
Spanish.
114
9
159
1
8
80
46
SS
16
98
120
7,819
7,71S
82
4
80
6
36
In sus-
pense.
366
1,136
149
1,324
780
611
670
36
260
302
2,371
1,698.
147
1,364
1,674
65,880
SU,lt6
334
460
448
247
1,409
Other
citizen-
ship.
64
107
22
154
87
70
57
9
19
22
595
550
14
239
185
12,695
lt,6b6
15
29
62
10
Un-
known.
1
4
U
2
1
3
50
U
Digitized by VjOOQIC
226
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XII. — Citizenship— ConiiDued.
[Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.]
PROVINCE OF HABANA— Continued.
District
Total.
Cuban.
Spanish.
In sus-
pense.
Other
dticen-
shlp.
Un-
known.
MelenadelSur
NueyaPaz
Pipian
Quivlcan
Regla
Sahid
San Antonio de las Vegas . .
San Antonio de los BaAos.
San Felipe
San Jose de las Lajas
San Nicolas
Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Maria del Rosario. .
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
VeredaNueva
8,207
7,761
1,101
2,428
11,868
8,298
1.855
12.631
1.915
4,154
4,568
2,965
2,780
10,276
1,551
2,416
2,885
6,918
1,020
2,117
8,065
2,896
1.666
10,668
1.591
8.670
4.069
2,669
2,450
7,992
1,408
2,211
216
698
75
274
2,645
890
171
1,778
280
835
864
216
190
1,945
120
196
80
190
6
18
595
4
15
187
44
123
U6
80
82
192
19
9
U
The province ...v 424,804 809,538 8,937 89,255 16,906
171
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
Alacranes
8,110
9.179
5,184
1,998
24,861
tl,9W
8,174
12.196
5,807
6,000
5.853
7,529
5,042
10,405
8,905
45,282
S6,m
4,046
2,158
7,647
4,449
4,464
5,205
6,765
2,965
5,226
6,847
7,272
4,408
1,718
19,212
16,790
2.580
9,888
4 728
4,817
4,899
6,819
4.804
8,540
7,880
85,046
t8,tOU
8.495
1,809
6.205
8,584
8,708
4,041
5,460
2,341
4,805
43
67
12
1
789
732
25
195
41
21
47
163
26
88
22
497
U90
29
11
38
9
11
12
410
2
29
417
454
166
48
2,457
t,9t7
156
792
286
828
807
877
842
527
441
4,155
S,890
161
54
487
274
185
206
821
124
822
808
608
281
2,451
2,090
418
1,815
762
833
600
670
869
1,804
1.061
5,277
S,5hh
361
284
967
582
615
946
573
496
570
Bolondron
Cabezas ^ ^ , - ^ ^ , ,
Canasi r,,
Cardenas
2
CUv of Cardenas
1
Carlos Rolas
Colon
Cupvitas .
Guamacaro , , ^ , , ^ ,
1
Jarflpv Grande
Jovellanoff ....^..--..r.^ t
Macagua. ...,......^-.t
1
Macuriges
1
Marti
1
Matanzas ••» -
907
City qf MaUxnxat
S06
MaximoT^omez
Mende£ CftDOto . .. •••..••«•••.••••••
Palmillas
Perico ..••.
RoQue ..•••••••••..........••...••......
Sabanilla
1
Santa Ana
Union de Reves» xrr ..-,,,..-, r--
The province
202,444
162,901
2,483
18,282
23,464
314
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Artemisa
9,817
2,117
8.853
4,866
7,399
16.665
8,796
14,760
2,710
1,871
2,456
8.866
8.631
88,343
8,880
4,268
2,419
1,137
14,787
7.606
17,700
8,846
1953
8,893
4 892
6,860
14,704
7,268
12,478
2,221
i;758
2,261
7,826
8,211
81,807
6,8U
8,947
2,239
998
12,066
6,349
14,885
17
805
110
196
407
756
1,489
1195
2,148
468
98
180
992
206
5,084
x\m
224
189
76
2.882
iloss
2,485
147
47
260
80
89
435
284
91
84
20
47
17
148
956
U8
85
27
60
1«2
«2
116
2
Bahia Honda .
7
Cahanas. ^^^^»^,,
4
37
191
86
97
48
2
Candelaria
Conflolaclon del Norte r». ,»».,-». ^rr.
s
Consoladon del Sur
t
Guanajay
2
Guane ...•••••••>•
Guayabal
.Tiillan Diaz
LosPaladoa
18
81
70
541
67
20
8
173
129
214
Mantua ...•■•....
Mariel
1
PinardelRio
5
Cthi of Pinar del Rio
B
Sah Crutobal
San Dieiro de los Bafios
1
San Dieffo de Nufiez -
San Juan v Martinez ^
5
Sail Luis..
VinalM
The province
178,064
147,974
1,688
20,806
8,072
27
Digitized by VjOOQIC
CiriZBNSHIP.
227
Table XII.— Cttu«fwWp— Continued.
[Figures In italic are included in those for the proTlnce or district]
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
District
Total.
Caban.
Spanish.
In sus-
pense.
Other
citisen-
ship.
Un-
known.
Ciegode Ayila
Moron
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
City qf Puerto Principe
Santa Crue del Sur
The province
9,801
9,880
10,365
58,140
96,109
5,808
88,284
8,720
8,988
7,971
46,756
f 1,455
4,668
98
277
295
799
108
79
885
856
1,489
4,121
9,66k
604
77,073
1,548
7,855
100
83
600
1,481
696
61
2,225
83
I
1
88
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfuegos
City qf CHen/uegoe
Gifuentes
Cruces
Esperansa
PahniiE ,
Placetas
Quemado de G uines
RanchoVelox
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua la Grande
City qfSaguala Orande .
San Antonio de las Vueltas.
Sancti Spiritus
atyqfSantU^
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de loe Remedies
Santa Clara
City <^ Santa Ckara
Santa isabel de las Lajas .
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
City qf Trinidad
Yaguajay
The province
8,995
8,650
13,419
14.495
6,244
6,954
59,128
50,058
8,825
7,953
7,811
6,627
11,961
8,890
7,532
5,060
9,562
21,842
19,798
12,832
25,709
19,696
5,369
6,445
5,600
14,833
28,437
16,766
9,608
10,372
24,271
11,190
9,718
856,536
8,282
6,460
11,827
8,820
5,523
6,255
47,241
96,66i
8,428
6,598
7,149
5,491
9,126
7,724
6,339
4,585
7,981
17, 161
10,617
9,514
24,085
11,6U
4,887
5,501
5,177
12,000
24,884
11,960
8,660
9,339
22,732
10,U16
7,388
298,681
92
81
121
139
16
54
928
896
72
17
158
87
162
42
81
16
22
427
58f
26
162
m
18
28
39
17
331
601
15
195
82
3,464
849
1,617
912
1,107
522
278
6,616
5,058
174
610
268
564
887
406
480
859
1,027
2,072
l,17h
668
1,256
75f
187
485
218
1,240
1,482
1,000
449
890
1,006
k68
1,491
26,920
822
642
1,058
4,429
188
867
4,826
1,896
155
728
1,786
718
682
99
582
1,681
86U
2,598
249
177
277
481
166
1,676
1,740
609
480
448
446
169
757
27,541
17
17
1
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
AltoSongo
Baraooa
Bayamo
Campechuela
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
Gibarn
Guantanamo
Holguin
Jiguanl.
ManxaniUo
CituqfMamaniao
NiqueioI.I
Bauna Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagua deTanamo
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba
Citif qfSaiUiago de Cut>a
ThdpiOTlnoe
12,770
12,282
14
852
171
21,944
20,648
- 38
1,070
192
21,198
20,652
12
474
55
7,809
6,901
8
894
71
9,126
6,972
204
1,573
875
10,707
10,195
27
262
223
1,194
1,018
141
40
81,594
27,818
242
8,104
417
28»2S
24,642
481
1,954
1,081
84,606
82,809
114
1,882
201
10,495
10,383
17
82
13
82,288
29,742
98
2,006
441
u,m
19,W0
75
1,555
555
8,504
8,218
88
156
41
2,718
2,582
132
4
12,805
12,049
81
166
67
19,984
19, U8
179
651
185
5,796
5,499
8
280
9
11,681
10,728
80
768
154
45,478
88,609
882
3,844
2,685
A6,090
66,966
5Sf
8,666
9,6H
827,715
800,305
2,868
18,691
6,816
18
5
Digitized by VjOOQIC
228
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XIII. — McUes tl years of age and aver, by cUuenshipf liieracyf and echioation,
CUBA.
An
daaea.
Whitei
bom in
Cuba.
Whitei
bom in
Spain.
Whitei
bom in
other
ooon-
triea.
Colored.
Total Tn*inff 9ge ............. ^ .. x .. x ^ ^ . ^ ^ x x . . x x x x .
417,996
187,818
96,088
6,794
127,296
C?nhfHi ^tlaeiii
290,905
184,471
142
78
106,214
Can neither read nor write
172,627
4^162
106,285
8,861
94,801
^089
79^4ftfi
8;«29
84
18
1
89
25
78,279
Can read but can not write
Can read and write
99
9
With nperior edncation x
^fpantiih citiseni
9,600
144
9,841
6
9
Can neither read nor write
1,149
108
7,929
814
18
2
105
19
1,126
106
7,816
298
1
4
Can road bnt can not write
Can read and write
8
2
5
With niDerior education
Cit^^enf in ffQ(^>ense.
76,669
1,296
75,249
87
87
Can neither read nor write
16,945
866
66,704
2,162
812
18
861
105
16,690
887
66,771
2,061
7
1
24
6
36
Can read but can not write
2
O^n read and write . . x . . x x ....... x x . x . x
48
With luperior education
1
F^refgn and unknown dtlienff
40,919
1,902
11,866
6,678
20,988
Can neither read nor write
26,641
298
U,914
2,071
191
8
1,162
651
7.484
168
87
8T2
84
4,877
1,890
"^'S
Can read but can not write
run rpAd and write
2.«
With fuperior education
PROVINCB OF HABANA.
Total Yotinfl^ a^
127,047
62,621
48,278
8.499
27,654
Cuban citlsena
78,969
61,168
86
45
22,706
Can neither road nor write. ........ x x x
80,846
1^628
87,669
4; 897
16.808
688
29,255
4,812
4
2
1
28
14
13,441
Can read but can not writt
Can read and write
80
2
^"SS
Witii superior educatikm
^Ipaniflh dtiseni
4.718
49
4,661
5
f
Can neither read nor write. ......... x
880
62
4,187
149
4
874
62
4,005
140
1
1
Can read but can not write
Can read and write x x ..... .
87
8
8
1
2
With Bunerior education
rHtlKAna in mifiDenfle
89.207
678
88,471
21
97
Can neither read nor write. ....................
6,442
491
81,174
1,100
129
9
409
71
6,800
479
80,669
i;028
2
1
18
5
11
Can read but can not write
2
Can read and write
ts
With superior education
1
Foreign and unknown dtisens
9,188
741
106
8,428
4.9W
Can neither read nor write
4.1a
67
4.120
818
11
1
607
222
8
248
15
677
8,m
Can read but can not write
Can read and write
88
9
987
With siq»eiior education
10
CITY OF HABANA.
Total voting age..
Cuban oitlaena....
Can neither read nor write.
Can read but can not write.
Can read and write
With superior education
76,805
85,460
8,804
975
22,790
8,891
28,790
22,729
2,665
846
16,507
8,812
82,779
28
2,787
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OmZBNSHIP.
229
Table XIII. — ]l£ale$ SI yean of age and over, by cUizenshipf Uteracyt «te.— Continued.
CITY OF HABANA-Continiied.
All
clnwrw
Whites
bom in
Cuba.
Whites
bom in
Spain.
Whites
bom in
other
coun-
tries.
Colored.
Pp^^^ffh cftlffnifi
4,186
89
4,089
6
8
Can ludtbcr TCMtd nor write. .....<........
827
62
8,028
134
1
824
62
8,688
125
1
1
Can read bnt can not write
Can read and writ©
80
8
8
1
2
With niperior education............. ..... ...
29,079
450
28,689
15
25
Can neither read nor write
87
6
847
61
8,170
881
24,211
827
1
1
8
5
7
Can read but can not write
2
Can read and write. /.
15
With iniiKMior education .*
1
Foreign and tintim^ni cititen*.
«,«80
672
78
2,780
8,250
Can neither read nor write
706
8
1
886
177
6
189
11
2,067
618
2,470
86
Can read but can not write.
Can read and write
64
8
736
With mperior education.
8
MATANZAS.
Total TotJuff age
66,595
21,820
10,217
665
28,896
Cuban dtisens
87,544
20,843
17
U
16,678
Can neither read nor write
28,968
548
11,988
r,oe5
10,062
281
9,482
i;068
2
4
18,915
262
Can read but can not write
Can read and write
10
5
4
8
2.4S7
9
With superior eduofttion . .....
Pr«^"*ff^ dtisens
1,063
16
1,016
1
Can neither read nor write
112
16
865
40
112
15
853
36
Can read but *>*" not write
1
U
4
Can read and write.
1
With ffUDerior education
CfffK^fiii ^'i ffuspense
5,798
91
5,705
1
1
Oan neither read nor write
749
62
4.782
255
6
2
77
6
741
60
4,655
249
1
1
Oan read but can not writ©
Can read and writ©
With BUDcrior education
yoreign and n»»'*"»Awn dtixenii
11,220
870
8,479
653
6,718
Oan neither read nor write.
8,677
77
271
88
2
201
79
2,279
56
1,108
36
182
1
365
165
6.178
Oan read but can not write. .^
18
Can read and write
621
With superior education
1
PIKAR DEL RIO.
iy>tal vot^VKg age
48,750
24,824
8,242
806
10,876
Cuban dtixens ...........rrr.......
88,479
24,104
6
9,869
25,424
284
7,415
406
17,118
168
401
1
8,805
Oan read but can not writ©
^ 71
Can nvid and write
5
968
With superior education
5
Spanish citlienfl ,.--t- r.
662
16
646
Can ndther T^Ad nor write ...........
54
5
598
10
8
51
5
580
10
Can read but can not writ© . . ..,-rrr-r
Cftn read and irritA .
18
With BUDerior education
: ;
^==s
Digitized by VjOOQIC
230
REPORT ON THE 0EK8US OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XIII. — Mala 91 years of age and <wer, by citizenship, literacy, etc. — Ck>ntmaed.
PINAR DSL RIO— Continaed.
All
claiioei.
¥rhite8
bom in
Cuba.
Whites
bom in
Spain.
Whites
bom in
other
ooun-
triea.
Colored.
7,756
171
7,677
1
6
Oftn iM^ither pmmI Tior 'writ*. ,,,,,-. ^ . - - ,
8,140
56
4,489
120
91
1
76
8
4,857
117
I
Can. read but can not write
Can n^ad and write r . , - ,
1
5
With Buneiior education
Foreim and unknown citiceni
1,854
83
18
807
1,601
Can nAithAr kwH nor writA
1,661
2
260
81
4
1
118
1
170
28
1,443
O&n. reftd but c&n not writG. ...
1
Can read and -write
22
7
11
1
57
With mnerior education ....
PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Total voting ngp>
20,181
12,518
2,982
261
4,420
Cuban dtijsens
15,760
12,861
4
2
3,392
Can neither read nor write. . . «
7,810
318
6,972
669
6,037
214
6,475
635
1
1.772
Can read but can not write
104
Can read and write
2
1
i
1
1,494
With superior education
22
446
25
420
1
Can neither read nor write
224
10
189
28
9
214
10
170
20
1
Can read but can not write
Can read and write
13
3
With superior education
Citizenfl in miRpeniie
2,605
66
2,547
2
Can neither read nor write
788
43
1,607
172
10
778
48
1,565
166
Can read but can not write .
Can read and write
40
6
2
Foreign and unknown citizens
1,871
76
11
269
1,026
Can neither read nor write
904
12
281
174
5
1
24
46
8
14
1
119
125
877
Can read but can not write
10
Can read and write
1
2
187
With superior education
1
SANTA CLARA.
Total voting agp. . .....
100,118
45,634
21,968
899
81,727
CT«bft»» citisenH .^
71,462
44,976
66
11
26,409
Can neither read nor write
46,084
915
23,475
988
25,118
520
18,874
964
22
6
20,988
895
Can read but can not write
Can read and write
43
1
4
1
6.054
22
With superior education
RpATiinh citizens , , ,
1,481
82
1,447
1
1
Can neither read nor write
88
17
1,380
46
2
1
25
4
86
16
1,304
41
Can read but can not write
Can read and write
1
With superior education
1
Citizens in suspense
12,947
182
12,744
2
19
Can neither read nor write
8,043
U7
9,556
231
41
4
125
12
2,992
113
9,420
219
10
Can read but can not write
Can read and write .•
2
9
With superior education
Digitized by VjOOQIC
011?12fiKBHIP, . 231
Tabi.r XIII. — Males SI years of age and over, by cUizenship, UUracy, etc, — Continued.
SANTA CLARA— Continued.
All
claases.
Whites
born in
Cuba.
Whites
bom in
Spain.
Whites
born in
other
coun-
tries.
Colored.
Foreign and unknown citizens.
Can neither read nor write.
Can read but can not write.
Can read and write
With superior education . . .
14,223
344
7,6»6
10,304
123
3,567
73
3
210
58
5,113
95
2,466
33
262
472
145
5,296
4,866
19
420
3
SANTIAGO.
Total votings age
71,807
81,496
9,421
1,162
29,228
Cuban citiaens
58,722
31,084
13
9
27,666
Can neither read nor write- ...r r.^r^,
38,961
594
17,821
1,326
19,068
223
10,494
1,249
4
1
19,908
Can rv^d but can not write t . . ^
371
Can read and write
9
2
6
7,316
With sunerior education
71
RTMi.n1sh HHsAnfi
1,160
6
1,151
3
Can neither read nor write
291
8
815
46
289
8
806
46
2
rSftn tomI hilt mn not wiito
Can read and write
6
1
With superior education
Citizens In suspense
8,857
118
8,205
12
22
Can neither read nor write
2,788
89
5,196
284
86
2
74
7
2,736
87
5,106
277
4
13
Can read but can nnt write . ^ t ■,.
Can read and write
8
9
With superior education
Foreign and unknown citizens
8,068
338
52
1,141
1,587
Can neither read nor write
1,015
14
1,501
538
10
1
188
189
25
2
19
6
111
2
668
865
869
Can read but can not write
9
Can read and write
631
With superior education
28
Digitized by
Google
2S2
REPORT ON TH16 CKK8U8 OF CTTBA, 18W,
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283
F-4 «-< • • •
"i: §
(OOI JfH I
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CONJUGAL CONDITION.
299
Tablk XV. — Conjugal condition,
[flguroM iu italic are included in those for the province or district]
FtOTince.
Habana
CUyof Habcma,
If ataniss
PlnardelRio
Puerto Principe, . .
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
Total.
424,804
t35,981
202,444
173,064
88,284
366,536
827,715
Single.
Married.
Living
together
OS bus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
28,612
1UJ99
10.089
8,961
6,125
20,110
12,263
Un-
known.
289,770
160,780
143,988
124,482
62,360
262,757
286,343
77,646
Ja,071
27,087
27,100
17,210
56,926
40,483
28,730
18,t6S
20,942
12,386
8,606
26,607
39,662
146
78
338
132
21
137
64
1,572,797
1,108,709
246,361
181,782
86,167
- 838
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
District.
Axuacate
Alquizar
Bamoa
Bataban6
Banta
Bejucal
Cano
Casignas
Catalina
Ceibadel Agoa
Ooanabaooa
Ctty qf Ovanabacoa
Quara ,
QOines
Guirade Helena
Habana ,
City of Habana
IsladePmos
Jaruoo
Madmga
Managna ,
Marianao
Helena del Bur
NueraPas ,
Pipian
QoiTicAn ,
R«la
Si^d
San Antonio de las Vegas. .
San Antonio de los Banos.
San Felipe
San Jose de laa Lajaa
SanMiooUa
Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Haria del Rosario . . .
Santiago de las Vegas
Tftpaste ,
VeredaNueva
Total. I Single.
The proTlnce .
424.804
3,163
2,260
8,746
6,939
1,725
1,197
6,623
4,898
6,142
8.469
6,766
8,789
4,210
2,885
1,004
713
2,718
1,889
2,197
1,519
20,080
13,796
13,965
9,700
1,835
1,312
11.3M
7,885
11,648
7,958
242,066
164,897
£35,981
160,780
3,199
2,184
4,076
2,761
3,744
2,548
2,887
1,996
8.593
5,944
8,207
2,266
7,761
5,480
1,101
767
2,423
1,683
11,363
7,487
8,293
2,210
1,855
1,291
12,631
8,487
1,916
1,360
4,164
2,771
4,668
3,208
2,965
2,009
2,780
1,918
10,276
7,022
1,651
1,011
2,416
1,588
289,770
Married.
Living
together
ashus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
892
1,789
285
1,892
1,009
1,240
918
162
496
410
3,322
f.05S
812
1,760
2,103
43,349
iX,071
774
684
676
664
1,551
479
1,224
285
426
2,886
779
342
2,827
292
741
688
484
449
2,104
822
607
77,516
866
501
88
822
827
210
182
78
115
92
1,364
1,111
56
867
781
18,492
18,t53
56
286
136
100
668
286
608
20
136
715
22
92
360
134
218
886
271
137
840
82
32
28,730
Wid-
owed.
156
616
166
415
847
512
278
61
218
176
1,606
1,099
IW
889
708
16,231 1
U,799 I
184
813 I
38.V
226
640
176
448 I
89
175
823 t
282 '
130
1,017
128
423
285
201
226
791
136
28,612
Un-
known.
4
3
1
8
3
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1
2
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300 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table X V . — Conjugal condition — Continiied.
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
[FiKureM in italic are incladed in those lor the provinoe or district.]
District.
Alacranes
Bolondr6n
Cabezas
Canad
CArdenas
Cityo/ OArdatag
Cailofi Rojaa
Col6n
Cuevitas
Guamacaro
Ja^ey Grande
Jovellanos
Macagua
Maeuriges
MarU
Matanzaa
City qf Matamas
M&ximo-G6me2
M^ndez Capote
Falmillaa
Perico
Roque
Sabanilla
6an Jo86 de los Ramos.
Santa Ana
Uui6n de Reyes
The province 208,444
Total.
8,110
9,179
5,184
1,998
24.861
tl,9W
8,174
12,195
5,807
6,000
6,853
7,529
5,042
10,405
8,905
46.282
36,371,
4,046
2,158
7,647
4,449
4,464
6,205
6,766
2,965
6,226
Single.
5,691
6,316
8,840
1.385
17,421
16,390
2,498
8,941
4,083
4,283
4,104
6,469
3.606
7,447
6.352
81.380
tS,6!0
3,006
1,566
6,378
8,221
8.398
8.718
4,916
2,172
8,818
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mntoal
consent.
986
1,015
920
248
4,066
5,655
292
1,627
756
660
900
716
582
1,041
i,on
7,263
5,607
424
820
864
455
492
707
840
395
597
148.988 27,087
1,094
1,498
95
248
1,818
1,605
267
1.2U
712
801
523
1.013
642
1,683
1.192
8,307
t,817
434
206
1.150
608
421
618
776
256
594
20,942
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
10.089
PROVINCE OP PINAR DEL RIO.
Artemisa
Bahia Honda
Cabafias
Candelaria
Cons61aci6n del Norte . .
Con861aci6n del Sur
Guanajay
Guane
Guayabal
Julian Diaz
LosPalacios
MAntua
Mariel
PinardelRio
City of Pinar del Rio
San Cnstobal
San Diego de los Bafios .
San Diego de Nufiez
San Juan y Martinez
San Luis
Viflales
The province
9,317
2,117
3,853
4,866
7,399
16,665
8,796
14,760
2,710
1,871
2,456
8,366
3,631
38,343
8,890
4,263
2,419
1,137
14,787
7,608
17,700
178,064
6,656
1,588
2,914
8,872
5.301
12.331
6,091
10.450
1.883
1,455
1.728
5.892
2,578
27,756
6,l/n
2,967
1.742
781
10,834
5,425
12,738
124,482
1,486
206
324
695
1,300
2,474
1.535
2.249
520
218
287
1,274
554
5,989
l,StU
706
372
92
2.858
1,358
8,103
27,100
576
213
435
450
863
1,043
449
1.286
122
103
282
827
259
2.992
686
298
184
222
869
482
1.082
12,886
589
110
180
849
431
815
721
775
184
95
158
372
240
1,672
IS3
292
170
42
715
833
821
8,964
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
CicgodeAvlla
Mor6n
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
City qf Puerto PHndpe
Santa Cruz del Sur
The province
9,801
9,630
10,355
53,140
t5,10t
5,808
88,234
7,018
7,162
7,414
86,788
17,155
4,002
62,869
2,007
1,884
1,974
10,609
1^,956
786
17,210
148
469
2,828
785
822
8.605
501
507
8.401
t,t0h
197
6,129
Digitized by VjOOQIC
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
301
Table XV. — Conjugal co^idUian — Continued.
PROVINCK OF SANTA CLARA.
[Fignres In Italic are included In those for the province or district.]
District.
Abreus
Caibarien
OBlahaiair
Gamajuanl
Gartaffena
Ceja de Pablo
Clenfu^os
City of Cirnfuego*.
Cifuentefl
Cnices
Placetaa
Qnemadode GOInes
RanchoVeloz
Banchuelo
Bodas
BegnsL la Grande
City qfSoffua la Grande .
San Antonio de las Vueltas.
Sanctl-Spiritus
City cif 8ancti-8pirUu9 . . .
San Diego del V alle
San Fernando
San Joan de las Yeras
San Juan de loe Remedioft . .
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas . . . ,
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
Citjf qf THnidad
Yaguajay
Theprovlnce 866,586
Living
together
Total.
Single.
Married.
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
consent.
3,996
8,650
3,014
6,121
561
1,517
267
553
163
457
2
13,419
9,300
1,982
1,412
702
•23
14,495
10, IW
2,626
1,168
645
2
6,244
4,622
917
827
377
1
6,954
5,041
954
631
324
1
59,128
41,996
9,210
4,924
2,973
25
30, OSS
tO,S73
U,798
f,63U
1,7U
9
3,825
7,958
2,680
6,666
667
1,112
236
714
252
461
1
7,811
5,293
1,414
507
696
1
6,527
11,961
6,102
8,480
778
1,999
861
773
286
708
1
8,890
6,891
1,292
786
• 420
1
7,582
6,859
949
918
303
3
5,059
8,518
716
499
326
1
9,562
7,042
1,462
621
445
2
21,842
15,304
2,W1
2,023
1,067
7
lt,7t8
9,168
1,716
i,m
706
U
12,882
8,922
2,569
601
840
26,709
18,124
4,687
1,096
1,917
88
19,696
9,m
1,969
U3
1,119
6
5,869
3,593
1,015
872
388
1
6,445
4,646
1,183
424
840
2
6,600
8,786
1,064
406
344
1
14,883
10,563
2,406
1,044
818
2
28,487
19,791
4,734
1,975
1,915
22
13,763
9,8tA
1,9U7
9t»6
l,0lt7
9,603
7,050
1,330
781
441
i
10,872
7,046
1,782
815
729
24,271
17,153
8,814
1,866
1,486
8
11, m
8,053
1,696
687
681,
1
9,718
7,092
1,564
613
448
1
866,586
262,757
56,926
26,607
20,110
137
PROVINCE OF SANTL\QO.
AltoSongo
Baracoa
Bayamo
Campechnela
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
GIbara
Gtiantanamo
Holguin ,
Jiguani
Manzanlllo
CUv of Mamanillo
Mayari.
Niauero ,
Pauna Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagua de T&namo
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba
Citif qf Santiago de Cuba.
Theprovlnce
12,770
21,944
21,193
7,369
9,12(5
10,707
1,194
31, 5W
28,063
84,506
10,495
82,288
U,i6U
8,504
2,718
12,305
19,984
5,796
11,681
46,478
1^,090
327,716
9,763
16,745
15,846
5,481
6,879
7,927
894
21,961
20,002
23,464
7,741
23,668
10,670
6,047
1,961
8,624
14, 119
4,182
8,336
32,713
30,998
285,343
976
2,777
1,235
4»4
984
720
188
6,108
2,497
6,963
873
2,729
1,688
1,242
200
1,301
2,834
750
1,109
6,564
6,396
40,483
1,788
2,630
8,618
1,247
1,028
1,853
119
1,984
4,766
2,237
1,642
4,896
1,U6
890
491
2,028
2,163
646
1,879
8,757
3,999
39,602
244
889
488
147
235
205
43
1,518
790
1,856
238
994
661
323
66
350
868
217
857
2,435
9,388
12,263
23
8
6
1
1
64
Digitized by VjOOQIC
302
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XVI. — Conjugal eondUion by wir, race, and nalwUy.
CUBA.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wifebT
mntnai
consent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
Allolameti
1.672,797
1,108,709
246,851
181,782
85,187
8S8
Males
815,206
757. .MW
600.790
607,919
126.067
121,284
65.798
66.989
23,060
62.106
496
Fenialcii
812
Native white
910,299
637,399
169,364
41.052
61.850
635
Males
Females
447,378
4€2,926
336.262
301,147
75,464
98,900
20.095
20,957
15,207
46.6a2
865
270
Foreign white
142,093
76,826
46,189
8.975
U,046
62
Males
116,740
26,358
68,671
8, 166
34,306
10,888
7.516
1,459
5.199
5.847
48
Females
14
Colored .•
620,400
8M,484
31,808
81,705
12.282
141
Males
262,092
268,306
196,867
198,617
15,807
16,501
88,182
48,528
2.658
9.600
88
Females
66
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
All rlAAHt^ • ••••....•••.
424.804
289,770
77.546
28.780
28.612
146
Males .
221,990
202,814
159,768
130,012
40.063
87.463
14.822
14.408
7.743
20.809
84
Females
62
Native white
243,619
166,162
49.679
7.880
19,808
96
Males
116,838
126.781
86,361
79,811
21.649
28.130
3.999
8,881
4,802
14.911
47
FemAlRfi
48
Poreiflrn white
68,971
38,623
21.068
8.746
5.601
S3
Males
Females
54,162
14,809
33.764
4,869
16,319
5,749
2.824
922
2.240
8.261
25
8
Colored
112,214
84.986
6.799
17.104
8.808
18
Males
50.990
61,224
89.663
45,332
8.216
8.584
7.499
9,605
611
2.697
12
6
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
All classes
202.444
143.988
27,087
20.942
10.080
838
Males
103.726
98,718
76.709
67,279
13.602
13,485
10,466
10,486
2.760
7,820
109
Females
139
Native white
102,682
72,497
19,654
2,773
7,662
296
Males
60,324
62,358
88,181
34,316
8.611
10.943
1.453
1,820
1.004
6.658
176
Females
121
Foreign white
16,236
7,124
5,358
089
1.764
6
Males
11.850
8,386
6,297
827
8,023
1,430
896
01
720
1.085
8
Females
2
Colored
84,627
64,367
2.180
17,180
788
37
Males
41,662
42,976
82,281
82,186
1,068
1,112
8,105
0,075
127
636
21
Females
16
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OONJUOAL CONDITION.
303
Tablk XVI. — Conjugal condition by 9ex, rcuXj and nativity — Continaed.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Uving
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
matuaJ
consent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Allolanefl
173,064
124,482
27,100
12,886
8,964
182
Malefi
91,688
81,376
68,873
56.609
13,783
18,317
6.189
6,197
2.772
6,192
71
Females
61
Native white
114,907
82,327
. 20,091
6,647
6,843
99
Maleii
Females
58.573
fi6,:«4
45,102
37,225
8,900
11,191
2,609
2,988
1,910
4,933
52
47
Foreign white
10, 718
5, 088
4,040
716
867
7
•
Maleu
Femalefl
9,447
1.271
4,808
280
3,408
632
664
52
660
307
7
Colored
47, m
37,067
2,969
6,128
1,254
26
Male«
23,668
28,771
18,963
18,1(M
1,475
1,494
2,916
8.207
302
962
12
Females
14
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
AIlrlamcA
88,234
62,369
17,210
3,606
6,129
21
Malefl
44,899
43,336
33.383
28,986
8,542
8,668
1.764
1,751
1,203
3,926
17
Fcmalen. ........ ...
4
Native white
66.349
46,778
13,649
1.966
3,M8
8
Males
32,575
33,774
24, 56^
22,210
6,309
7.340
898
1,068
794
3,1M
6
Females - r ^ - -
2
Foreign white
4,038
2,071
1,408
254
305
Males
8,499
539
1,873
198
1,212
196
231
23
183
122
Females
Colored
17,847
13,520
2,153
1,285
876
13
Males
8,825
9,022
6,942
6,678
1,021
1,182
625
660
226
660
11
Females
2
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Allclames
356,686
252,757
66,926
26,607
20.110
187
Males
189.067
167.479
141,189
111,568
28,681
28,244
18,315
13.292
5,791
14.319
81
Females
56
Native white
214.916
151, 130
40,401
7,661
16,669
94
Males
106.771
108. 174
80, W6
70,184
18,084
22,317
8,598
4,063
4,086
11,573
57
Females
87
Foreign white
29,823
16,894
9,203
1.8-16
1,866
14
Males
25.336
4,487
15,598
1,296
7,071
2,132
1,6(M
242
1,052
814
u
Females
3
Colored
111,768
84,733
7.321
17.100
2,586
29
Males
56.950
64,818
44,615
40,088
8.526
3,795
8,113
8.987
653
1,932
13
Females
16
Digitized by VjOOQIC
304 BEPOBT ON TH£ CEliSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVI. — Conjugal condUumt by sex, race, and natwity — Ck>DtmuecL
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
Total.
Single.
Married.
UTlng
together
aahos-
bandand
wUeby
mntnal
coDsent
Wld-
owed.
Un-
known.
All claases
827,715
285.848
40.488
89.5A2
12.268
64
Males
163, H15
163,870
120,878
U4,465
20,876
20,107
19,767
19,806
2.790
9.m
44
Females
20
Native white
167, 7»7
118,505
25.960
15.226
8,044
4S
Males
82,292
85,506
61,104
57,401
12,001
18,979
7,588
7,687
1.621
6,428
28
Females
16
Foreign white
13,813
7,026
4,U7
1.424
748
•
Males
Females
11,446
1,867
6,841
685
8,878
744
1,296
129
435
806
8
1
Colored
146,605
109,812
10,886
22. 9U
8.476
18
Males
Females
70,107
76,498
58,433
56,879
6,002
6.884
10.934
11.969
784
2,742
14
4
CITY OF CIENFUEGOe.
All classes
80,088
20.978
4.798
2,tt4
1.724
9
Males
14,689
15,449
10,627
10,846
2,876
2.423
1,268
1.266
314
1.410
5
Females
4
Native white .
15,735
10,992
2,772
800
1,169
2
Males
7,046
8,690
6,410
6,582
1.094
1.678
876
424
163
1,006
2
Females
Foreiim white
3,485
1,830
1,129
813
212
1
Males
2,900
685
1,647
188
8n
258
274
89
107
105
1
VpTnfLlAfl -
Colored
10,818
8,151
897
1.421
843
6
Males
4,644
6,174
3.570
4,581
410
487
618
803
44
299
2
Females
4
CITY OF HABANA.
All classes .
235,981
160,780
42,071
18.268
14,799
78
Males
123,268
112,723
88,737
72,043
22,008
20,068
9.106
9,148
8.872
11,427
41
Females
87
Native white
115,532
79,221
22.719
4,727
8.816
49
Males
52,940
62,592
89,692
89,629
9.191
18,628
2.468
2.264
1,574
7,242
20
Femal*^
29
Foreign white
52,901
80.251
16,628
8.080
4,024
18
Males
41,190
11,711
26,894
8,867
11,084
4,494
2,271
809
1,478
2,646
18
Females
5
Colored
67,548
51,806
8.824
10.446
1,969
11
Males
29,128
38,420
22,651
28,667
1,778
2,046
4.871
6,078
820
1,639
8
Females
8
Digitized by VjOOQIC
CONJUGAL CONDITION,
305
Table XVI. — Conjugal condition by «e.r, race^ and naiivity, — Continued.
CITY OF MATANZAS.
Total.
Single.
Married.
5 607
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
0 «17
Wid-
owed.
2,409
Un-
Itnown.
AllclAflnen
36,374
25,520
21
Males
16,92f>
19,448
12,300
13,220
2,743
2.864
1,406
1,411
470
1,939
7
Femal?*! . ,
14
Native white
20,931
14,629
3,857 j 70U
1.718
18
Males
9,219
11,712
6,996
7,633
1.574 1 866
2, 283 1 343
276
1.442
7
Females
11
Foreign white. ..,..,...-
3,644
1,681
1,247 I 220
496
..........
Males
2,696
949
1,408
273
930 1 192
165
331
817
28
Colored
11,799
9,210
503
1,888
195
3
Males
5,012
6,787
3,896
5,314
239
264
848
1,040
29
166
Pemalen
3
CITY OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
All clawHi
26,102 1
17,155
4,956
786
2,204
2
Males
10,912
14,190
7,919
9.230
2,249
2, 707
393
392
351
1,853
FemalesZ
2
Native white
16,605 I
11,104
3,505
830
1,566
1
Males
6,764
9,741
6,022
6.082
1.413
2,092
145
185
184
1,381
Females
1
Foreign white
1,283 1
602
482
88
111
'
Males
1,0W i
199 1
520
82
421
61
HO
8
63
48
Females
Colored
7,314 1
6,449
969
367
5-28
I
Males
8,064 1
4,250 1
2,377
3,072
415
554
168
199
104
424
Females
1
CITY OF SANTIAGO.
Allclamefl
43,090
30,998
6,396
3,299
2,388
9
Males
19,922
23.168
14,661
16,337
3,1M
3,242
1,635
l,6fr4
465
1,923
7
Females
2
Native white
15,258
10,691
2,716
619
1.228
4
Males
6,702
8,556
5,069
6,622
1,158
1,558
294
325
179
1,019
2
Females
2
Foreign white
3,440
2,016
969
258
197
1
Males
2,795
646
1,712
303
744
225
230
28
108
89
1
Female*.
Colored
24,392
18,292
2,711
2,4-22
963
4
Mul*^
10,425
13,967
7,880
10,412
1,252
1.459
1,111
1.311
178
785
4
Females
24662-
-20
Digitized by LaOOQlC
306
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Cot^jugul condition btf uge, 8€x\ race, and ftaiivily,
CUBA.
Total Po^'Latiok.
Total.
Single.
Married.
UWng
together
aabus-
band and
wile by
mutual
conient.
Wid-
owed.
Vn-
known.
Under 15 years . . .
15tol7yeare
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
46to64yean
66 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
Cuba
577,086
106.770
71,265
40.810
112,649
137.405
118,812
185,066
117,528
68.182
87,699
85
576,361
108,681
68,644
82,678
79.684
72.029
45.385
57.221
87,293
24,821
15,957
55
67
1.6S2
4,121
8,963
19.542
89,688
44.060
72,687
88.788
16.381
5,624
8
61
1.426
8.218
8,811
11,268
20,077
21,266
85.824
20,762
10,352
4,673
4
22
09
2.-16
857
2.123
5,732
8,088
19,821
26.666
16.611
11,431
2
1,572,797 1,108,709
246,851
131,732
85,167
525
62
26
11
82
29
23
58
80
17
14
16
838
Total Malks.
Under 15 years —
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years.'
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 41 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over .
UnknoMrn
298,089
49.696
34,650
19.777
59.281
78.206
64.023
101.806
64.096
87.099
18.976
67
292,789
49,686
84,182
18,886
61.194
48,498
29,874
88,567
20,699
14,081
8,135
84
Cuba , 815,205 1 600,790
17
86
183
889
4.014
14,612
21,948
42,629
26,247
11,706
4,378
6
125,067
11
67
291
669
8, ///
8.896
10,401
19,089
12,681
6.845
3.226
2
65,793
17
18
27
29
228
1.190
2,284
5,986
6,600
4,456
8,280
23,06»
286
49
17
4
23
16
16
84
19
10
8
15
Total Pcmalks.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 yearn. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over
Unknown
C^ba
283.947
67,074
86.615
20.583
63,418
64,199
64,789
83,751
68,432
31.083
18,723
28
757,592
283,602
64.045
29,462
13.842
28.490
23.536
16.011
23,654
16.694
10,740
7,822
21
607.919
50
1,606
8,988
8,614
15,528
24,926
22,112
80,008
13,641
4,673
1.246
2
121,284
50
1,369
2,927
2,742
7,491
11,182
10,866
16,285
8,181
8,607
1,448
2
65,999
5
51
229
828
1,900
4,542
6,804
18,885
15.065
12,166
8,201
2
62,108
240
18
18
842
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
307
Tabak XV'll. — Caiijufjttl condUion hy age, st'.t\ ratv^ and nut idly — Ck)iitiiiued.
CUBA— Coutlnued.
Total Native Whitb.
Under 15 yean . . .
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 yean. . .
20 years
21 to24yean(
25 to 29 years
80 to &4 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
Cuba
Total.
28,
64,
74,
63,
95,
52,
26,
12,
910,299
Single.
67,5?2
39,473
18,957
43,609
33, 151
17,807
19,241
8,620
4,063
1,989
26
637,399
Married.
55
1.316
3,355
3,108
15,071
29,134
31,428
49,043
24,174
9,614
3,053
3
169,354
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
23
656
1,390
1,371
4,350
7,122
7,361
11,430
5,168
1,767
424
41,052
Wid-
owed.
16
56
199
290
1,722
4,687
6,410
15,258
14,850
11,238
7,122
2
Un-
known.
61,859
447
54
21
5
20
17
12
29
17
8
1
4
Native Whitb Males.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Unknown
195,718
82.075
20,743
10,996
31,095
85.588
31,054
47,705
25,192
11,996
5,187
24
Cuba 447,373
196,445
81,964
20,505
10,588
26,730
21,690
11,422
11,201
4,191
1,761
787
18
12
30
99
239
2,772
9,697
14,112
25,801
14,072
6,337
2,281
2
336,252 I 75,454
• 2
24
109
195
1,411
3,236
3,785
6.409
3.302
1,274
348
13
14
17
23
169
956
1,728
4,280
3,616
2,621
1,770
20,095
246
43
13
1
13
9
7
14
11
8
1
4
365
Native White Females.
Under 16 years ' 187,
15 to 17 years 37,
18 and 19 years ' 23,
20 years ! 12,
21 to 24 years | 33,
25 to 29 years 38,
SO to 84 years | 31,
35 to 44 years 47,
45 to 64 years I 27,
55 to 64 years [ 14,
65 years and over ' 7,
Unknown ;
Cuba ' 462,926
I
714
187,446
43
21
3
579
35,608
1,286
632
42
695
18,968
3,256
1,281
182
735
8,419
2,869
1.176
267
677
16,879
12,299
2,989
1,553
523
11,461
19,437
8,886
3,731
954
6,385
17,316
3,566
4,682
296
8,010
23,242
5,021
10,978
646
4,429
10,102
1,866
11,243
694
2,302
3,277
493
8,617
402
1,202
772
76
6,352
11
8
1
2
301.147
93,900 20,957 I 46,652 |
201
11
8
4
7
8
6
15
270
Digitized by
Google
308
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued.
CUBA— ConUnaed.
Total FORXieM White.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as bus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years....
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Unknown
5.682
8,477
4,830
8.646
16,549
23.030
19,675
81,512
19,814
9,820
4,546
17
5.670
3,892
4,584
8,330
14,129
16,308
10,895
11.421
4.843
1,974
775
5
68
183
245
1,766
5,013
7,014
14,930
9,893
4,496
1,547
4
2
15
49
58
537
1,306
1.588
2,993
1.670
596
161
1
1
U
11
114
367
672
2,156
2,900
2,762
2,061
Cuba 142,098
76,826
45,189
8,975
11,046
9
1
3
2
3
6
6
12
8
2
2
8
62
Foreign White Males.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
UnknoMm
Cuba
8,134
2,640
4,068
8,044
14,241
19,647
16,646
26,449
16,515
7,327
8,013
16
116,740
8,128
2,637
4,040
2,977
13,178
15,401
9,844
10,687
4,442
1,721
611
5
68,671
1
12
85
656
8,069
5,164
12,014
8,211
8,805
1,344
8
34,806
1
10
29
876
1,046
1,296
2,681
1,503
530
145
7,516
3
1
27
137
338
1,166
1,854
1,270
912
5,199
5
1
8
2
2
4
6
11
5
1
1
8
48
Foreign White Females.
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
Cuba
2,548
837
762
602
2,308
3,383
8,029
6,063
3,799
2,493
1,533
1
26,358
2,542
766
544
853
961
907
561
734
401
263
164
8.166
67
171
210
1,108
1,984
1,850
2,916
1,682
691
203
1
10,883
2
14
39
29
161
260
293
412
167
66
16
1,469
1
8
10
87
230
334
1,000
1,546
1,482
1,149
6,847
14
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
809
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by agey sejr^ race^ and naiwity — Oontinaed.
CUBA— Continued.
Total Colored.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as bus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
Cuba
187,922
88,639
21,997
12,933
81.328
40,264
86,129
58,548
45,376
81,672
20,564
83
520,400
187,800
82,617
19,587
10,391
21,946
22,570
17,183
26,559
23,830
18,784
13.193
24
12
248
583
600
2,705
5,361
5,618
8,664
4,721
2,271
1,024
1
755
1,779
1.882
6,381
11.649
12,317
20.901
13,924
7,989
4,088
4
5
12
46
56
287
678
1,006
2,407
2,896
2,621
2,248
894,484
81,806
81,705
12,262
7
2
4
9
6
5
12
5
7
11
4
141
Colored Males.
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 17 years
18and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unlmown
Cuba
94,237
14,961
9,839
5,737
13.895
17, 9n
16,323
27,151
28,389
17,776
10,776
17
252.092
94,186
14,985
9.637
5,321
11,286
11.402
8,108
11,679
11,966
10,599
6,737
11
195,867
5
5
22
65
584
1,856
2,672
4,814
2,964
1,566
753
1
15,807
9
82
172
845
1,990
4,613
5,321
10.099
7,826
5,041
2,732
2
88,182
3
4
7
5
27
97
218
560
630
664
548
2,653
84
5
1
1
8
8
4
9
8
6
6
8
88
Colored Females.
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
30 to 34 yearn
35 to 44 yearn
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
Cuba
93.685
18,658
12,158
7,196
17,433
22,293
19,806
31.392
21,967
13,896
9,738
16
268,306
98,614
17,682
9,950
5,070
10,660
11,168
9,075
14.880
11.864
8,185
6,456
13
198,617
-.7
243
561
535
2,121
8,505
2.946
8,850
1,757
705
271
16,501
27
723
1,607
1,537
4,391
7,036
6,996
10,802
6,096
2,9t8
1,856
2
43,528
2
8
39
51
260
581
788
1,857
2,266
2,057
•1,700
9,609
85
2
1
8
1
8
1
3
2
1
5
1
58
Digitized by
Google
310
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1809.
Table XVII. — Conjugal ronditwn hy agf, «er, race, and naHvUy—ContXnned.
PROVINCE OP HABANA.
Total Population.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and I'J yeaw
20 years
21to24yeani
25 to 29 years
SO to 34 years
85 to 41 years
45 to 5-1 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
Total.
190,465
28,121
20,400
11,181
88,070
46,029
^,463
63,519
32,883
18,829
9,814
80
Single.
180,861
27,328
18,875
9,809
27,684
24,666
14.931
17,297
10,032
6,174
3,696
17
Married.
Living
together
aa hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent
24
456
1,216
1,105
6,666
18,228
13,906
22,816
11,876
6,144
1.624
2
424,804 289,770 I 77,546 28,780
16
299
725
669
8,111
6,190
4,961
7,398
8,894
1,810
661
1
Wid-
owed.
13
27
76
94
714
1,941
2,666
6,491
7,074
6,696
8,832
Un-
known.
51
12
9
4
6
9
10
22
7
5
1
10
146
Total Males.
Under 15 years
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 yeans
20 years
21 to 2i years
26 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 61 years
65 years and over . .
Unniown
The province
65,486
13.438
10,333
6,736
20,568
24.981
20,357
29,682
17,478
9,564
4,401
26
221,990
13.406
10,175
5,460
17,807
16,834
10,044
10,420
6,425
3,199
1,590
13
159,758
6
7
53
113
1,632
5,276
7,096
18,387
7,761
8,618
1,288
2
40,088
2
8
92
151
1,128
2,418
2,480
4.026
2,873
1,181
462
1
14,822
10
11
9
12
87
448
731
1,889
1,916
1,564
1,066
7,743
33
6
4
4
6
6
10
3
2
10
84
Total Fbmalbs.
Under 16 years
15 tcr 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
66,029
14,683
10,067
6.445
17,512
20,(M8 I
16.106
23,837 I
16,406 I
9,265 I
6,413 I
4 1
64,976
13.922
8,200
3,849
9,777
7,832
4,887
6,877
4,607
2,975
2,106
4
18
448
1.163
992
5,123
7,948
6,810
8,979
4,115
1,526
841
202,814 180,012 i 87,463
14
291
633
618
1,988
2,775
2.481
3,867
1.621
629
199
14,406
8
16
66
82
627
1,493
1.924
4.602
5,158
4,182
2,766
20,869
18
6
6
A
2
8
4
12
4
8
1
62
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
311
Tablb XVII. — Conjugal condition hy age, srx^ rarr^ and natrntu — Continued.
PROVINCE OF HABANA— Continued.
Total Native Whitb.
Under 15 yean
IStonycnrR
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
66 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
Total.
m.026
18,772
12,622
6,418
21,102
23,075
17,827
25,289
14,211
7,595
8,680
7
248,619
Single.
92,949
18,280
11,227
5.180
14.282
10.398
5,104
5,159
2.074
1.006
546
5
Living
together
, ashiis-
Married. >band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
21
878
1.036
883
5,106
9,408
9.212
18,498
6,629
2,700
807
I
166.162 i 49.679
133
292
274
1,127
1,683
1,435
1,861
758
255
54
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
9
22
59
73
1.580
2.071
4,758
4,746
2,273
7.880 I 19,803
9
8
3
3
6
5
13
4
4
Native White Males.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18andl9yearM
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
30 to 84 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 61 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
46.910
8,579
6,824
2,876
9.822
10,963
8,660
12.286
6,403
3,146
1,878
6
116,1
46,878
8,569
5,734
2.718
8.278
6,388
8.229
2,966
1,006
416
185
4
86.351
5
4
42
92
1.054
3,843
4,067
6.923
8,749
1,671
1
1
3
38
57
428
869
812
1.111
466
173
40
21,549 I
3,999
7
9
6
9
66
359
540
1,282
1,180
884
660
4.892
24
4
8
47
Native White Females.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
SO to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 61 yean
66 yean and over . .
UnKDOwn
The province
46,116
10,198
6,798
8,537
11,280
12,112
9.177
18.008
7,806
4,449
2,307
1
126,781
46,076
9,671
5,498
2,462
6,009
4,010
1.875
2,193
1.068
692
361
1
79,811
16
874
994
791
4,062
6,066
5,145
6,575
2.880
1,029
209
28,180
7
130
253
217
699
814
623
7o0
292
82
14
2
18
53
64
518
1,221
1,631
3,476
8,566
2,744
1,723
14,911
15
5
5
8
2
2
8
9
2
2
48
Digitized by
Google
312
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Ckmjugal condition by age, sex, race, andnaiivUy — Continued.
PROVINCE OF HABANA— ConUnued.
Total Foreign Whitk.
Total.
Single.
Married.
living
together
aa bus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 yearn
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Unknown
3.240
2,041
2,744
1,915
8,452
11,224
9,560
14,517
8,541
4,576
2,120
11
8»282
2,003
2,643
1,815
7,216
7,895
6,037
5.217
2,196
984
88
73
108
901
2,559
8.489
7,043
4,288
1,933
645
1
2
4
24
25
275
594
719
1,182
604
248
69
Theproviuce 68,971
21,068
8,746
3
2
68
178
811
1,069
1,451
1,410
1,023
5,501
Foreign Wnrrs Males.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
1,762
1,687
2,382
1,647
7.155
9,300
7,794
11,552
6,417
3.197
1,318
11
1,748
1,685
2,867
1,624
6,634
7,824
4,664
4,738
1,921
816
280
8
54,162 I 38,764 15,819
1
8
10
826
1,480
2,467
6,438
8,435
1.608
560
1
6
18
179
484
682
907
493
203
68
14
60
138
409
667
670
420
2,240
7
25
Foreign White Females.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
The province
1,488
404
362
. 298
1,297
1,924
1,766
2,965
2,124
1,879
802
14,809
1,484
868
276
191
682
671
873
479
275
168
102
82
66
676
1,079
1,032
1,610
85
6,749
2
4
19
12
96
160
187
276
111
45
11
2
2
44
113
178
600
884
840
8,261
Digitized by
Google
OONJUGAL CONDITION.
313
Table XVII. — Ckn^ugal condition by agt^ sttx, race, and nativity — Continued.
PBOVINCB OF HABANA-<}ontlnued.
Total Golobsd.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 years
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45to54 yean
55to64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
84,199
7,808
5,084
2,828
8,516
10,780
9,076
18,718
10.181
6,658
4,014
12
84,180
7,095
4,605
2,814
6,086
6.878
4,790
6,921
5,762
4,182
2.768
9
8
44
107
119
648
1,256
1,206
1,775
959
511
172
6
162
409
870
1,709
2,918
2,807
4,850
2,582
1.807
538
1
112,214
84^965
6,799
17,101
8
5
18
19
72
188
278
664
877
658
586
8,806
2
"l8
OoLOBKD Males,
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 years.
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
16,774
8.222
2,127
1,218
8.581
4,718
8,913
5,844
4,658
8,221
1,710
9
50,990
89,653
16.764
1
8.212
2
2,074
8
1.118
11
2.900
162
8,122
452
2,151
572
2,716
981
2,498
577
1,967
889
1,125
125
6
8,215
1
5
48
81
621
1,115
1,186
2,008
1.414
805
864
1
7.499
2
2
2
8
7
29
53
138
169
110
96
611
2
12
OOLORED FSMALn.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21io24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
65 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
Digitized by
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314
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition hy age, war, rare, and nativify — Continued.
PEOVINCK OF MATANZA8.
Total Population.
Under 15 yean*
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 yeaw
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unlcnown
The province
Total.
70.441
13,096
9.047
5,008
14.490
17,788
14,418
22,963
16,969
11,404
6,799
21
202,444
Single.
70.
12,
8.
4,
10,
9,
5>
7,
S:
8,
148,968
Married.
7
119
336
335
2,054
4,559
4,741
7,851
4,464
1,922
698
1
27,687
Uvlng
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
matuai
consent
11
224
492
482
1,778
2,957
2,918
4,873
8,626
2,818
1,266
2
»,942
Wid-
owed.
4
26
39
276
756
1.012
2,438
.2,406
1,877
1,259
2
10,069
Un-
known.
284
85
2
Total Malbb.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
35,580
6,028
4,160
2,368
7,096
8,852
7,453
12,287
9,466
6,759
3,668
12
103,726
85,427
5.978
4,098
2,280
6,082
5,792
8,462
4,420
8,850
3,399
1,972
9
76,709
2
4
9
22
an
1,659
2,277
4,572
2,862
1,887
536
1
13,602
2
12
55
112
625
1,853
1,420
2,662
2,078
1,439
809
1
10,456
2
4
16
147
294
738
677
533
847
2,760
149
84
1
199
Total Femalks.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 61 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
34,861
7,073
4,887
2,640
7,892
8,936
6,965
10,676
7,503
4,645
8,131
9
98,718
34,712
6,741
4,098
1,922
4,298
3,723
2,289
3.881
2,623
1,886
1,600
6
67,279
5
115
827
818
1.688
8,000
2,464
8,279
1,602
585
162
13,485
9
212
487
870
1,158
1.604
1,498
2,821
1.560
879
457
1
10,486
4
24
85
268
609
718
1,695
1.728
1.344
912
2
7,329
185
1
1
139
Digitized by
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CONJUOAL CONDITION.
315
Tabls XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex, racey and nativity — Continueil.
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS-Contlnued.
Total Native Whitb.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 1> years
lf> to 17 years
Id and 19 years
20 years ,..
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 81 years
85 to 44 years
45 to51 years
55to64y«ars
65 years and over . .
Uncnown
The province
42,119
8,141
5,424
2,766
8.152
9,243
7.084
10,267
5.660
2.662
1.202
12
41,857
7,943
5,000
2,362
5,850
4.377
1.976
1,88-2
762
329
150
9
6
102
274
269
1,677
3,637
3.685
5,696
2,857
1.038
816
1
61
127
104
899
582
511
649
253
69
17
102.682
72.497
19,564
2,773
2
21
81
225
646
862
2,086
1,787
1.231
719
2
7,562
Si
2
296
Nativk Whitb Hales.
Under 15 years .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 21 years
25 to 29 years
30toSlyear8
a'>ti4l years
45 to 54 years
55 to 61 years
66 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
21,440
3,762
2.500
1,302
3.842
4.328
8,472
5,220
2,730
1,224
496
8
50,324
21,302
3.725
2.479
1,-269
3,378
2,789
1,306
1.218
450
181
77
7
38,181
6
15
285
1,112
1,620
3.001
1.659
677
231
8.611
2
13
15
163
297
804
413
174
57
15
1.453
1
8
15
129
242
586
446
809
173
1.904
136
32
1
1
175
Native White Females.
Under 15 years ;
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 lo64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
20,679
4.379
2.924
1,464
4.310
4.915
3.562
5,047
2.930
1.438
706
4
52.858
20,555
4.218
2.521
1.093
2.472
1,588
670
664
312
148
73
2
4
99
268
254
1.392
2,525
2,065
2.697
1.196
a56
85
1
59
114
89
■236
285
207
236
79
12
2
34.316 10,948 I
1,820
2
20
28
210
517
620
l,4ftO
1,341
922
516
2
5,658
119
1
1
121
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816
SEPOBT ON THB CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XVll,^C(»yuffal condUUm by age, »ez, rcicef and natMy--Contmaed.
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS-Oootinoed.
Total Fokbgn Writs.
TotoL
Single.
lurried.
liTing
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutoal
consent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 yean
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
484
290
885
278
1,558
2,082
1,900
3,394
2,462
1,602
809
1
480
285
855
247
1.805
1.870
975
1.154
542
800
lU
20
198
684
676
1,618
1,272
715
802
1
6
8
40
129
167
859
184
75
21
15,285
7.124
5.858
2
3
20
49
82
267
464
502
875
1.764
FoBKiGM Whits Malsb.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 34 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
278
190
284
221
1.287
1,720
1,576
2,809
1,870
1,112
607
1
11,860
271
190
282
218
1.205
1.287
9U
1,088
602
264
89
6,297
1
2
46
804
478
1,258
995
588
260
1
8.923
1
5
84
117
163
888
169
67
19
1
2
12
84
134
204
198
149
729
FossioN White Fsmalbb.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
The province
211
100
101
57
271
585
592
480
802
8,885
209
95
73
34
100
83
64
71
40
36
22
827
5
21
18
147
280
196
865
277
127
62
1,480
91
2
2
18
37 I
48
183
260
809
226
1,035
Digitized by
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COirjUOAL CONDITION.
317
Tablb XVII. — Omjvtgal condition by age, Bex, race, and naiHvity — Continaed.
PSOVINCE OF MATAKZAS— Continaed.
. Total Oolobbd.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutoai
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
SO to S4 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer ..
Unknown
The provlnoe
27,888
4,665
8,288
1,964
4,780
6,463
5,484
9,802
8,847
7,150
4.788
8
27,802
4.486
2,886
1,543
8,225
8,768
2,800
4,765
5,169
4,666
8,8U
6
1
12
40
46
184
888
880
540
835
174
80
10
168
859
870
1.389
2,246
2,285
8,865
8,189
2,174
1,228
2
25
2
8
2
5
81
61
1
68
180
154
1
2
144
165
2
4
84,627
64,867
2,180
17,180
768
87
OOLOBED MALBB.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
18,867
2,071
1,876
845
1,969
2,804
2,405
4,258
4,866
4,428
2,665
8
41,662
18,854
2,058
1,332
748
1,499
1,716
1,245
2,119
2,896
2,954
1,806
2
32,281
1
2
5
40
143
179
818
206
122
55
1,068
2
10
41
92
428
989
968
1,806
1,788
1,815
775
1
8,105
127
11
2
1
1
6
1
18
18
27
2
81
25
1
4
21
Ck)LOBBD Females.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
18,971
2,594
1,862
1,119
2,811
8,659
8,079
5,044
3,961
2,727
2,128
5
42,975
13,948
2,428
1,504
795
1,726
2,062
1,565
2,646
2,271
1,702
1,505
4
82,186
1
11
88
41
144
245
201
227
127
1,112
8
158
818
278
911
1,807
1,272
2,069
1,456
859
458
1
9,075
14
2
2
5
80
55
50
112
1
127
118
140
1
16
Digitized by
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318
BEPOKT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Cm^txgal condition by age, wx, raccy and ii^HvUtj — Continued.
PROVINCE or PINAR DEL Ria
Total Population.
Under 15 yean
16 to 17 years..."...
18 and 19 yeara
20 years
21 to 24 yeara
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to &4' yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown..
The province
Total.
68,210
12.260
8,467
5.759
18,636
16.978
12,311
16,744
10, 176
6,502
8,016
6
Single.
68,101
11.871
7,612
4,650
9,433
8,518
4,361
4,525
2.625
1,707
1,276
3
Married.
542
633
2,510
4,988
4.819
7,166
8,963
1,699
563
178,064 , 124,482 27,100
Uving
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent
12,886
Wid-
owed.
2
3
157
7
374
34
513
69
1,408
278
2,667
801
2,154
977
2,?26
2.323
1,453
2,132
617
1.479
315
871
Un-
known.
8,904
99
S
5
4
7
4
132
Total Ma lbs.
Under 16 yean
16 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
SO to 84 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 64 yean
66 to G4 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
34,966
6,918
4.256
2.808
7.153
9,132
6,871
9,569
5,902
3,339
1,781
34.902
6,901
4,215
2,682
6,154
5,880
2,818
2,822
1,615
1,085
798
1
91,688 I 68,873
4
3
U
62
651
1,902
2,697
4,304
2,636
1,279
13,783
9
18
69
416
1,185
1,167
1,650
987
459
229
6,18»
3
3
4
2
27
162
289
789
662
516
815
2,772
47
*2
3
3
5
8
Total Females.
Under 15 yean. .-.■.
16 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean —
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 34 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over .
Unknown
The province .
33,254
6,342
4,211
2,951
6,483
7.846
5.440
7,175
4.274
2.163
1.235
2
81,876
33,199
6.970
8,297
1.868
8,279
2,638
1,543
1,703
1.010
622
478
2
56,609
1
219
626
681
1.969
8.086
2,222
2.862
1,327
420
IH
13.617
2
148
356
444
992
1,482
987
1,076
466
158
6,197
4
30
57
251
1,634
1,470
963
556
52
1
2
1
2
1
61
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OONJUOAL OONOITION.
319
Tablb XVII. — Cofyugal condition by age, 9ex, race, and ncUimly — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL. RIO— Continued.
Total Native White.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
aslius-
band and
wife by
mutual
consenL
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
ao to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unlcnown
The province
48,925
8,772
6,000
8,889
9,869
11,200
7,739
10,071
6,422
2,494
1,024
2
48,840
8.471
5,288
8,065
0,240
5,066
2,256
1,866
772
323
153
2
114,907 j 82,827
2
197
473
515
2,091
4,027
8,665
5,226
2,580
1,006
309
95
213
288
792
1,406
1,030
1,130
445
119
29
20,091
5,547
3
7
27
50
240
679
788
1,847
1,623
1,046
533
6,843
80
2
4
1
6
2
99
Native White Males.
Cnder 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
30 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
The province
25,205
4,239
2,966
1,849
4,698
5,714
4,060
5,286
2,783
1,276
607
58,573
25,161
4.225
2,983
1,778
4.037
3,543
1,482
1,188
476
188
91
45.102
1
8
12
86
416
1,896
1,782
2,802
1,535
687
230
8,900
82
217
634
568
719
817
86
23
2,609
8
8
8
2
24
140
228
575
454
815
163
1,910
40
1
2
1
4
1
52
Native White Femald.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean.... i .
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown '...,
The province
23,720
4,533
8.044
2,040
4,671
5.486
8,679
4,785
2,639
1,218
517
2
56,334
23,679
4.246
2.350
1,257
2,203
1,543
774
678
296
135
62
2
37,225
1
194
461
479
1,675
2,631
1.883
2.424
1,045
319
79
88
207
256
576
772
462
411
1*28
2,i^
4
24
48
216
589
560
1.272
1,169
731
370
4.933
40
1
2
Digitized by
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820
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age^ war, race, and naiivity — Ck>ntinued.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RlO-Contiiiued.
Total Fobkiqn White.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 34 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
66 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The provinoe
Total.
197
204
846
323
1,079
1.633
1,471
2.432
1,716
906
407
2
10.718
Single.
197
199
328
289
916
1.116
674
760
879
159
70
1
5,068
Married.
Living
together
ashua-
bandand
wife by
mutual
consent.
8
13
27
123
896
682
1,249
951
492
152
4,040
2
4
4
35
97
120
217
173
48
16
716
Wid-
owed.
i Un-
, known.
1
1
5
21
45
204
212
209
169
867
PoBXiON Whitb Malb.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
30 to 34 yean
36 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The provinoe
127
176
811
283
960
1,471
1,819
2,184
1,494
782
818
2
9,447
127
175
809
269
881
1,060
646
782
870
150
68
1
4,808
1
8
67
291
582
1,104
828
444
183
8,408
1
1
4
80
88
112
196
168
46
16
664
2
11
29
148
127
142
101
560
FoBKiON Whitb Fbmat.i.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
66 yean and over . .
The province
70
28
85
40
99
162
152
248
222
126
89
1,271
280
8
12
19
56
107
100
145
128
48
19
632
5
3
9
10
8
16
19
56
5
85
2
67
68
52
307
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL COITDITION.
321
Table XVII. — Cor^ugal condilum by age^ sex, race, and ncUiviiy — Contmued.
PROVIKCB OF PINAR DEL RIO-€ontinued.
TOTXL OOLOBED.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
30 to 84 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
19,064
8,201
1,901
1,226
2.277
2,816
1,431
1,899
1,474
1,225
1,053
8
22
66
91
296
563
522
691
432
201
92
2
60
167
221
581
1,164
1,004
1,879
835
460
270
47,439
87,067
2,969
6,128
8
88
101
144
272
297
224
169
1,254
19
1
1
1
1
1
26
OOLOBBD MALBB.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18andl9 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
SO to 34 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
66 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
9,624
1,506
989
676
1,476
1,947
1,492
2,099
1,626
1,281
966
1
23,668
9,614
1,601
973
635
1,286
1,257
690
902
769
747
18,963
3
8
68
215
283
896
278
148
76
1,475
1
11
88
169
463
487
733
602
827
190
2,916
302
1
12
COLOBKD FKMALKS.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 34 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
The province
9,464
1,781
1 132
871
1,713
2,198
1,609
2,142
1,413
819
629
28,771
9,460
1,700
928
691
1,041
1,069
741
997
705
478
414
18,104
228
848
239
293
159
63
16
1,494
2
69
146
188
412
701
617
646
838
123
80
8,207
6
8
82
90
112
206
216
166
118
962
12
"i
24662 21
Digitized by
Google
322
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tabi^e XVII. — Conjugal condUion by age^ sex, raotj and natwUtj — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Total Population.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
ashiu-
bandand
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 16 years
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 yearx
20 years
21 to 24 years
26 to 29 yean
30 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over . .
Unluiown
The province
87,768
6.211
3,439
1,756
4.498
5,100
6.944
9,943
6,791
4.200
2,687
3
87,767
6.011
2.996
1,419
3,072
2.693
2.116
2,768
1,731
1,124
791
2
6
148
316
271
1,127
1,947
2,929
5,223
3,128
1,536
579
2
49
Ul
63
232
417
588
986
638
289
141
88,234 62,869
17,210
3,506
3
16 I
12 I
62
140
808
972
1.292
1,249
1,074
5,129
Total Males.
Under 15 years 19,894
16 to 17 years.
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
56 to 64 years
66 years an4 over .
Unknown
The province .
2,867
1,624
843
2,278
2,682
2,963
5,206
8,633
2,238
1,878
1
19,390
2,861
1,600
814
1,969
1,699
1,806
1,589
974
686
606
1
44,899 33,383
12
18
223
674
1,316
2.890
1,896
1,068
442
8,542
1
3
11
9
78
185
276
611
383
197
100
1,754
1
2
8
21
•68
214
278
286
880
1,208
Total Fbmalks.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 yean
20 years
21 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
36 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Unknown
Theprovincc 43,
18,374
3,354
1,815
912
2,216
2,618
2.981
4,735
3,268
1,962
1,209
2
18,367
3.160
1,396
606
1,103
894
810
1,169
767
438
286
1
28,966
6
145
804
263
904
1,273
1,614
2,333
1,282
468
187
8,668
1
46
100
44
164
232
812
474
265
92
41
1,761
3
15
10
64
119
245
758
1,014
964
744
8,926
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
323
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sejr, race^ and nativUtf — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE— Continued.
Total Nativb Whitk.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to21year8
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
Total.
66,349
Single.
31,008
4,768
2,287
1,009
2,034
1,415
1,245
1,543
812
454
201
2
46,778
Married.
5
124
274
244
943
1.548
2,464
4,231
2,354
1.069
873
13,649
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent
1
35
79
31
146
240
376
591
315
116
86
1,966
3,948
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
1
8
2
14
10
53
120
264
798
990
2
2
2
947
748
Native WHrrs BiALis.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 34 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
65 to 64 yean
66 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
15,919
2,281
1,245
612
1,508
1,499
2,053
3,663
2,065
1,216
613
1
32,576
15,916
2,278
1,228
592
1,291
903
767
870
394
232
96
1
24,568
1
2
9
14
163
487
1,051
2,236
1,326
732
6,309
1
7
5
48
90
182
294
170
73
28
898
794
1
1
1
1
6
17
51
162
175
2
2
1
179
201
Native White Females.
Under 15 yean —
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 34 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
56 to 64 yean
65 yean and over .
Unknown
15,098
2,649
1,409
682
1,668
1,826
2,298
8,602
2,406
1,390
745
1
Theprovince ' 33,774
15,092
2,490
1,069
417
743
512
478
673
418
222
105
1
4
122
265
230
780
1,061
1,413
1,993
1,028
357
85
22,210 I
7,340
1
84
72
26
98
150
194
297
145
48
8
3
13
9
47
103
213
636
815
768
547
3,151 I
Digitized by
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324'
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XVII. — Conjugal condUUm by age, war, r^ace, and noHvUy — Continued.
PROVINCB OP PUERTO PRINCIPE— Continued,
Total Tommav Whits.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Uving
together
as hus-
band and
wile by
mutual
consent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 16 yean
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 yearn
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 64 yean
65 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
The province
176
76
77
71
391
676
469
874
680
870
189
176
74
74
64
834
610
276
821
150
67
1
2
6
43
120
143
437
884
206
67
4.038
2,071
1.406
264
5
10
38
84
S9
79 .
305
FOBKioN Whits Males.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 64 yean
65 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
The province
96
47
61
63
350
636
424
796
604
292
142
(.499
96
47
61
61
816
496
270
808
147
49
34
1,878
1
24
101
118
886
846
178
58
1.212
231.
2
6
29
62
50
41 I
183
FoBsiGN White Females.
Under 16 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 34 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
The province
539
198
196
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
325
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age^ sex, race, and nativUxf — Continued.
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE-CSonanued.
Total Colored.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
ashos-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Un-
known.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 yean
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 yean
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to G4 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unicnown
The province
6,575
1,205
708
390
926
1,100
1,134
1,901
1,640
1,224
1,040
1
6,673
1,169
635
346
704
668
695
894
769
613
554
1
23
40
22
141
279
322
555
890
241
139
17,847 13,520
2,153
1,285
Colored Males.
Under 16 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20yeara :
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
30 to 84 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
65 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
The province
3,380
529
318
178
420
447
486
850
864
730
623
8,825
3,879
626
311
171
862
801
268
411
433
405
875
6,942
1
3
3
36
86
146
268
224
158
96
1,021
1
2
4
3
20
57
64
145
154
109
66
625
226
11
Colored Females.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
30 to 34 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yeara and over . .
Unknown
The province
3,195
676
890
212
506
653
648
1,054
776
494
41T
1
9,022
3,194
648
824
176
842
867
827
483
836
208
17^
6,678
1
22
37
19
105
193
176
287
166
83
43
1,132
11
27
17
52
80
117
171
107
46
32
G60
2
1
7
13
28
113
167
157
162
650
Digitized by
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326
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablk XVII. — Cmijugal condition hy age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Total Population.
Under 16 yean
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 yearH
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
36 to 4f years
46 to 64 years
65 to 64 yean
66 years and over .
Unlcnown
ToUl.
128.650
24.640
16,076
8.879
26.390
81.636
27,839
43.152
27.271
16,618
8.140
6
Single.
128.461
23.966
14.439
7,270
18.180
16,841
10.667
13,629
9,288
6,316
3,795
6
Married.
18
376
911
892
4,377
9.251
10.492
17.618
8,707
3,277
1,006
Theprovlnce | 356,636 1 262,757 I 56,925
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
12
272
643
605
2.194
3,904
4.068
6.921
4.366
2.407
1.225
Wid-
owed.
3
18
74
110
667
1,629
2,117
5,072
4.899
3,612
2,109
Un-
known.
26,607 20,110
56
8
9
2
12
11
5
12
11
6
6
137
Total Males.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unlcnown
The province
65,
11.
7,
4,
13,
17.
16,
24,
16,
9.
4,
189.057
141,189
2
12
27
66
766
3,194
6,228
10.465
5.776
2,365
790
28,681
57
81
728
1,724
2.017
3,728
2,636
1,506
825
13,816
1
3
10
6
67
814
1,421
1,016
616
5,791
31
4
8
Total Fkmalbb.
Underl5 years I 63.247
15 to 17 years i 13.248
18 and 19 years I 8,237
20 years I 4,469
21 to24 years I 11,696
25 to 29 years I 14,272
80 to 34 years I 12,015
85 to 44 years 18,538
45 to 64 years I 11,597
65 to 64 years ' 6,680
65 years and over ' 3,680
Unlcnown I 1
Theprovlnce ' 167,479
63,197
12.601
6,702
3,012
6,994
4,812
8,255
4.803
-8.464
2.170
1,667
1
111,568
16
864
884
826
8,621
6,057
6,264
7.163
• 2.931
912
216
28.244
264
586
624
1,466
2,180
2,041
8,198
1,780
901
400
13.292
2
15
64
106
610
1,215
1.454
8,386
8,478
2,606
1,494
14,819
25
4
1
2
4
8
1
8
4
1
3
56
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
327
Tablr XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA— OonUnued.
Total Native Whitk.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid- , Un-
owed. \ known.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 yean..
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 yean
ao to 84 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 years and over .
Unanown
90,825
16,461
9.382
4,365
10.156
8,140
4,46t
4,706
1,965
818
848
4
16
809
748
700
3,396
6,919
7,679
12,861
5.638
2,057
588
4
186
808
257
851
1,376
1,364
2,118
940
259
53
2
16
58
94
470
1,270
1,714
4,128
3,786
2,688
1.438
The province .
214,945
151,130 40,401
7,661 15,659
49
7
6
1
7
5
8
7
6
2
1
94
Native White Males.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
a to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
30 to 84 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unanown
The province
46,
7,
4,
2,
7,
8,
7
1;
2,
106,771
46,001
7,767
4,843
2,440
6,534
5,723
3,125
2,973
1,029
362
146
3
80,946
2
12
18
42
508
2,146
3,509
6,668
3,868
1,382
434
18,084
1
5
24
80
251
589
721
1,161
582
188
46
8,596
1
2
6
5
45
250
504
1,270
974
4,066
29
8
57
Native White Females.
Under L5 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 21 yean
25 to 29 yean
SO to 34 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
65 to 64 yean
65 yean and over .
UnEnown
The province ,
44,862
9.140 I
595
900
542
001
860
237
878
248
410 ,
1 I
108,174
44,824
8,694
4,539
1,925
3,622
2,417
1,336
1,732
936
456
202
1
70,184
14
297
?25
658
2,893
4,773
4,170
5,693
2,270
676
149
22,317
3
131
279
227
600
787
643
957
368
71
7
4.063
1
14
52
89
425
1,020
1,210
2,853
2.812
2,045
1,052
11,573
20
4
Digitized by
Google
328
SEPOJST ON THK CBN8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition hy age, sex, race, and naUmty — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA-Gontiiiiied.
Total Fobxion Whits.
TotaU
Single.
Married.
LiTing
togetner
Mbni-
bandand
wife by
mataal
oonient.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 yean
15 tu 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
Tbe proTinoe
996
648
942
809
8.812
6,227
4,825
6,810
8,940
1,621
607
1
996
620
881
729
8,807
8,825
2,855
2,654
1,074
839
113
1
16
44
64
865
1,044
1,479
8,189
2,016
780
266
6
11
12
U8
270
818
617
847
120
27
29,828
16,894
9,208
1,846
1
4
4
21
86
171
896
600
881
800
1,866
FOKBGN WHITB MALB.
Under 16 years
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 10 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The proTlnce
688
448
775
678
8,872
4,672
8,784
5,949
8,868
1,818
25,896
448
766
662
8,141
8,092
2,298
2,668
1,027
819
15,608
2
12
189
619
1,109
2,574
1,726
662
7,071
8
4
86
224
267
566
825
114
25
6
86
108
249
288
222
141
1,052
FOBKION Whitb Fbmalbb.
Under 15 years
418
196
167
181
440
665
641
861
672
808
209
418
172
115
67
166
188
57
86
47
20
20
15 to 17 years
16
42
62
226
426
870
665
290
118
28
6
8
8
82
46
61
61
22
6
2
1
2
4
16
60
68
149
212
159
159
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
1
26 to 29 years
1
SO to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
1
65 to 64 years
66 years and over
Tbe province
4.487
1,296
2,182
242
814
3
Digitized by
Google
OONJUOAL CONDITION.
329
Tablb XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA— Continued.
Total Colobbd.
Uvlng
together
Total.
Single.
Married.
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
87.168
7,068
4.642
2,658
6.688
8.609
7,7««
18,028
10.996
8,173
6.020
87,140
6.886
4,176
2,176
4.717
4.876
8.861
6.170
6.249
6.169
8,334
2
61
124
128
616
1,288
1,334
2,118
1,068
440
167
8
130
829
836
1,225
2,258
2.376
4.186
8,079
2.028
1.145
1
1
12
12
76
173.
232
661
613
543
871
4
3
2
8
8
111.768
84,788
7,821
17,100
2.585
29
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
56 to 64 years
66 yean and over . .
The province
CoLOBBD Males.
Under 15 years
15to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20vean
21 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over . .
The province
18.686
8.166
2.157
1,215
8,026
8,983
8,679
6,588
6,849
6,144
2,969
56,950
18,680
8,150
2,128
1.166
2.611
2.614
1.989
8.185
3.778
8,465
1,989
44.645
7
12
114
429
610
1.228
682
821
128
3.626
4
8
30
47
891
911
1,029
2,011
1,729
1,204
764
8,113
653
i'
2
1
2
6
3
28
1
51
167
2
159
1
161
8
88
18
CoLOBKD Females.
Under 15 years
16tol7year8
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
The province
18,472
3,918
2,475
1,488
8,618
4.616
4.114
6.440
4.647
3,029
2,061
64,818
18,460
3,785
2,048
1,020
2,206
2,262
1,862
2,965
2,471
1.694
1,345
40,068
2
61
117
116
502
859
724
896
371
119
89
8,796
4
127
299
289
834
1,347
1,347
2,176
1,350
824
8,987
10
12
70
145
181
384
454
392
283
1,932
16
Digitized by
Google
330
HEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal candition fiy age^ wj*, race, and nativity — Con tinned.
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO.
Total Population.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
aslius-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years
16tol7year»
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to a4 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Unknown
141.602
22.442
13,836
7,728
16,630
20,974
22,387
88,735
23,438
12,629
7,343
21
The province 327, 715
141,542
21.691
12.181
6.978
11,035
9.896
7,560
11,311
7.144
4,215
2,827
13
312
800
717
2.819
5,570
7,173
12,463
6,650
2.803
1,164
5
18
425
873
989
2,546
4,942
6,582
12.426
6,785
2.911
1.065
1
2
10
31
43
226
665
1.019
2.630
2.853
2.698
2.286
235,343 , 40,483
39,562 I 12,263 j
64
Total Ma lbs.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to44 years
45 to 64 years
65 to 64 years
66 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
72,420
72,391
2
1
o
10,068
10,040
7
17
1
6,438
6,362
16
58
1
3,612
3,392
68
147
4
8,409
6.996
581
802
26
10,395
6,259
2,008
2,030
96
11,055
4.333
3,435
3.041
244
19.945
5.590
7,061
6,622
670
12,043
2,901
4.316
4,176
646
C.161
1.566
1.991
2,063
541
3,288
1.042
888
800
567
11
6
3
i(«,84:>
120,878
20,376
19.757
2,790
24
3
1
1
4
44
Total Females.
Under 15 years
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
46 to 61 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
69,182
12,374
7,898
4,116
8,221
10,679
11,282
18,790
11.395
6,468
4,055
10
163,870
69,151
11,651
5,769
2,586
4,089
3,637
3,227
6,721
4,243
2,649
1,785
7
114,465
5
305
784
649
2,288
3,562
3,738
5,402
2,334
812
276
2
20,107
17
408
815
842
1,743
2,912
3,541
5,804
2,609
848
19,805
9
30
39
200
467
776
1,860
2,207
2,167
1,729
9,473
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
331
Tablr XVII. — Conjugal condition hy n^e, Rex^ race, and naliinltf — Continued.
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO— Continued.
Total Native White.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unlcnown
The province
Total.
77,949
12,110
7,246
3,952
8,093
9.558
10,836
18,895
10,739
5,509
2,902
8
167,797
Single.
77,912
11,699
6,294
3,006
5,047
3,735
2,765
4,086
2,235
1.131
591
4
118,506
Married.
Living
together
ashus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
5
206
555
497
1,858
3,595
4,723
8,029
4,116
1,729
25,960
196
376
417
1,085
1,835
2,635
5,081
2,457
919
235
15,225
Wid-
owed.
1
6
20
32
150
392
711
,696
,927
.698
,411
Un-
known.
22
3
1
2
43
Native White Mali
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20vean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
90 to 34 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over .
Uxucnown
The province .
40,210
5,425
3,321
1,840
3,887
4,375
4,968
9,273
5,254
2,558
1,185
6
82,292
40,192
5,410
3,288
1,741
3,217
2,344
1,513
1,986
192
3
1
6
12
40
351
1,213
2,083
4,171
2,435
1,188
600
1
12,001
6
20
56
904
757
1.198
2,711
1,693
697
196
7,538
3
13
61
163
405
387
291
297
1,621
16
3
1
Native White Females.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
90 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
37,789
6,685
3,925
2,112
4,206
5,183
5,878
9,622
5,485
2,951
1,717
2
85,505
87,720
6,289
3,006
1,265
1.830
1.391
1,252
2,100
1,399
749
57,401
- 4
200
543
457
1,607
2,882
2,640
8,858
1,681
541
165
1
13,979
190
356
361
731
1,078
1.437
2,370
864
252
7,687
6
20
29
137
331
548
1,291
1,540
1.407
1,114
6,423
15
Digitized by
Google
332
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age^ seXy race, and nativity — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO-Contlnued.
Total Forbign Whitb.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
223
836
220
1,257
2,189
1,960
8,485
1,975
753
324
2
13,818
211
808
186
1,051
1,592
1,079
1,815
502
135
63
10
29
26
141
388
595
1,449
962
870
125
2
2
3
7
55
176
233
540
800
87
21
4,117
1,424
1
1
10
33
53
180
189
161
115
743
FoBBiON Whitk Males.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Unknown
The province
804
142
255
162
1,097
1,948
1,749
8,160
1,762
626
240
1
11,446
804
142
255
158
1,001
1,623
1,056
1,258
475
123
47
6,841
2
56
264
470
1,259
881
825
115
1
3,373
2
37
145
201
515
289
1,295
3
16
23
127
116
93
57
435
FOBBION Whttb Fbmalbs.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 yean*
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over . ,
Unknown
The province
285
81
81
58
160
241
211
325
213
127
84
1
285
69
48
28
50
69
24
57
27
12
16
1
10
29
24
85
124
126
190
101
45
10
1
2
8
5
18
31
32
25
11
2
1'
1
1
7
17
30
53
73
68
58
:;::
1
1,867
685
744
129
808
1
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
383
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex^ rojce^ and nativity — Continued.
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO-Oontiimed.
Total Colorkd.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
30 to 34 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
68.041
9,781
5,534
2,786
4,987
4,569
8,n6
5,910
4,407
2,949
2,173
9
2
96
216
194
820
1,587
1,855
2,985
1,552
704
374
1
9
227
494
565
1,455
2,931
3,n4
6,805
4,028
1,875
809
1
146,605
109,812
10, J
22,913
1
4
10
10
66
140
256
654 !
737 ,
839
760 I
3,476
11
1
1
28
COLOBKD MaLBB.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
30 to 84 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
65 to 64 yean
65 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
31,906
4,501
2,862
1,610
3,425
4,072
4,348
7,512
5,027
2,977
1,863
4
70,107
31,895
4,488
2,819
1,493
2,778
2,392
1,765
2,346
1,590
1,061
803
3
53,483
1
1
4
26
174
531
882
1,631
1,000
478
273
1
5,002
461
1,128
•1,642
8,396
2,294
1,281
10,924
1
1
1
1
10
21
58
188
143
157
203
734
1
14
Colored Fem alrb.
Under 15 yean
15 to 17 yean
IH and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
a5 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
66 yean and over . .
Unknown
The province
31,158
5,608
3,392
1,946
3,855
5,155
5,193
8,843
5,697
8,390
2,254
7
76,496
31,146
5,293
2,715
1,293
2,159
2,177
1,951
3,564
2,817
1,888
1,370
6
56,379
1
95
212
168
646
1,056
973
1,354
552
226
101
5,384
8
216
456
476
994
1,803
2,072
3,409
1,734
594
226
1
11,989
3
9
1
9
56
119
197
516
594
682
557
2,742 I
Digitized by
Google
834
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tabus XVII. — <Jonju(jal rortdUian hy nge^ sex, race, aiid itativUt^ — Contiuued.
aXY OF C1ENFUBG08.
Total Population.
Under 15 yean 10,430
16 to 17 yean. .
18 and 19 yean
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
SO to 34 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
54 to 64 yean
65 yean and over .
ToUl.
1,906
1,387
740
2,316
2,684
2,373
3,847
2.360
1,285
708
Thedty 30,088 20,973
Single.
10.428
1,851
1,280
606
1,683
1,445
978
1,292
775
451
282
Married.
1
83
87
70
894
724
886
1,487
784
826
106
4.798
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
motuaJ
consent.
22
64
49
251
425
415
707
879
157
65
2,584
Wid-
owed.
13
36
88
144
411
421
351
254
1,724
Un-
known.
Total Malks.
Under 15 yean. . .
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean. . .
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean .
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over
The city....
5,081
809
606
844
1,158
1,842
1,214
1,968
1,178
608
296
6,081
808
593
325
986
885
586
675
874
209
105
14,589 , 10.627
4
7
1
6
13
87
80
4
249
193
14
400
202
26
815
391
82
504
224
70
231
103
60
86
48
57
2.875
1,268
314 !
Total Femalxb.
Under 15 yean. . .
15 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean. . .
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 34 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over
The city
5,849
1,099
781
396
1,158
1,842
1,159
1,884
1,187
682
412
15,449
5,847
1,048
687
288
647
560
892
617
401
242
177
1
88
88
64
814
475
486
622
280
95
20
10,346 I
2,428
22
57
86
164
232
218
316
155
54
17
1,266
1
4
13
82
74
118
329
851
291
197
1,410
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
335
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age^ aex, racej and ncUivify — Continued.
CITY OF CIENPUEG08— Continued.
Total Nativb Whitk.
Total.
Single.
Married.
living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 yean
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85to44yeaxs
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over .
The city .
6,547
1,145
775
404
1,189
1,227
1,044
1,712
928
502
6,546
1,110
676
317
790
576
840
388
146
61
43
1
23
65
58
268
454
477
814
393
169
55
15,785
10,992
2,772
11
•29
24
102
130
137
220
110
29
8
1
4
10
28
68
90
290
279
243
156
Native White Malbb.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30to34yeais
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66to64 years
65 years and over .
The city .
3,170
474
318
162
540
549
472
717
371
177
95
7,045 '
8,170
474 I
811
153
451
342
203
200
68
28
15
1
4
53
136
192
364
202
101
41
5,410 I
1,094
6
5
31
64
64
112
66
22
7
376
163
Native White Females.
Under 15 years...
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56to64 years
65 years and over
The city ...
3,377
671
457
242
649
678
572
995
657
325
167
8,376
164
339
283
137
188
78
38
28
1
23
61
49
216
318
285
450
191
68
14
8,690
5,582
1,678 I
11
24
19
71
66
73
108
44
7
1
424
1
4
10
24
61
77
249
244
212
124
1,006
Digitized by
Google
386
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal condiHon by age, &ex, race, and nativity — Continaed.
CITY OF CIENFUEGOS-Oontliiued.
Total FObsxgn Whits.
Total.
Single.
Married.
LiTing
together
ashoB-
bandand
wife by
mutual
CGDBent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years...
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city . . .
129
•66
101
82
877
515
502
850
540
217
104
129
65
96
75
826
870
265
806
189
47
18
1
5
5
87
90
177
890
277
106
8,485
1,880
1,129
1
18
47
44
107
66
24
9
818
1
1
1
7
16
47
56 .
36 .
43 t.
L
212 I
FOBXiax Whitk Malib.
Under 16 years
76
52
87
60
821
445
429
716
455
176
74
76
62
85
67
801
851
255
282
127
42
9
1
15 to 17 years
f
18 and 19 vears
1
1
U
51
127
813
238
98
86
1
20 years
1
9
38
39
97
61
21
8
21 to 24 years
t"
25 to 29 years
4
8
24
29
20
21
1
30 to 84 vears
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 vears
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city
2,900
1,647
871
274
107
1
Foreign Whitb Fexalis.
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
55 to64 years
65 years and over
The oily ...
16
14
18
56
70
73
134
85
41
80
586
183
89
105
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
337
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and naiivUtf — Continued.
CITY OP CIENFUEGOS-Contfnued.
Total Colored.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years
605
611
254
750
942
827
1,285
892
566
842
3,753
676
459
216
517
500
873
598
490
348
226
\
15 to 17 years
9
17
12
89
180
182
233
114
49
12
9
35
24
136
248
234
380
203
104
48
\
18 and 19 years
20 years
2
7
13
38
74
84
70
55
21 to 24 years
I
\
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
1
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1
The city
10,818
8,151
897
1,421
343
6
Colored Malbb.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city
201
113
297
348
313
530
347
250
127
4,644
282
197
105
234
192
128
198
179
144
81
3,570
2
1
16
62
81
138
64
37
9
2
7
47
91
99
182
97
618
Colored Females.
Under 15 yean...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
25 to 29 yean
80 to 84 yean
35 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
56 to 64 yean
65 yean and over
The city....
1,919
412
310
141
453
594
514
755
545
816
215
6,174
1,918
894
262
111
283
808
245
405
311
199
145
4,581
9
15
11
73
118
101
95
50
12
487
17
89
157
135
198
106
44
15
803
299
24662-
Digitized by
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338
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table Wll.—Conjufjal condition Iry age^ wXy racfy and naiicUtj — Continaed.
CITY or UABANA.
Total Popvlatiox,
ToUl. Single.
j Uring
together
I «9 bus-
Married, band and
I wife by
mutual
' consent.
Wid-
owed.
rn
known.
Under 15 years 66, 107
15 to 17 years ' -- •'-
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
aoto34 years
85 to 4 1 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
UnlLnown
66,107
66,040
10
12
10
35
14,517
14,098
281
169
11
8
10,802
9,777
577 ,
418
28
2
5.888
4.949
526
869
42
2
21,711
16,073
8.836
2,034
265
8
26.357
15,490
6,676
8,473
716
2
21.982
9,983
7,492 1
8,372
1,181
4
82,854
11.656
12,634 !
4,873
8,179
12
19.414
6,558
6,778 ,
2,318
8,760
5
11.066
8.946
2,878 1
939
8,802
1
5,772
2,208
937
276
2,855
1
11
7
1 .
8
Thecity 235.981 i 160,780. 42.071 18,253, 14,799
Total Males.
Under 15 years ' 32.426
15tol7years j 6,8»9
18andl9year8 ' 5,661
20year8 ' 8 077
21to24years ' 12,087
25to29year8 1 15.025
80 to 34 years | 12.418
85to44year8 ' 17.852
45 to 54 years | 10.224
65to64year8 5,384
65 years and over ' 2. 306
UnlLnown 9
Thecity ' 123.258
82.393
8
2
7
6,872
5
4
5
5,467
81
59
8
2.932
66
84
5
10,500
780
766
89 ,
10,630
2,659
1,613
122
6.736
8,763
1.686
241 ,
6.992
7,485
2,645
724
8458
4,459
1,426
879
1.945
2,034
626
779 .
807
737
194
568 .
5
1
88,787
22,003
9,105
3.872 j
78
21
8
1
8
41
Total Females.
Under 15 years
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Uulcnown
Thecity 112,723
83.681
7.628
5.241
2.811
9,624
11.332
9,564
14,502
9,190
5.682
8,466
2
83,647
7,226
4,310
2,017
6,573
4.860
8,247
4,664
8,100
2,001
1,396
2
7
226
546
470
2,556
4,017
8,789
6.149
2,814
844
200
r
72,043 , 20,068
10
165
859
285
1,268
1,860
1,686
2,228
892
313
I
8
6
25
87
226 ;
594 I
890
2,456
2,881
1,787
14
6
1
2
1
1
2
6
8
1
1
9,148 I 11,427
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
339
Tablb XVII. — Conjugal condition by age^ sex^ race^ and nativity — Continued.
CITY OF HABANA— Continued.
Total Native White.
Total.
Under 15 yean. . .
15tol7year§
18 und 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 1 ) 34 years
35 to 44 years
4.5 to 54 years
5> t > C4 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city
Single.
115,532
44,069
44,028
8,528
8,249
5,647
5,011
2,742
2,211
9,752
6,615
10,684
6,127
8,678
2,837
12,483
2,934
6,988
1,210
8,919
633
2,094
869
8
2
Married.
8
188
479
879
2,299
4,047
4,163
6.368
8.124
1,254
410
79,221 22,719
Living
together
a8hu.<)-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent
5
71
138
121
660
1,021
928
1,151
447
160
86
Wid-
owed.
4,?27 I
17
29
187
489
748
2,024
2,164
1,872
1,280
8,816
Un-
Icnown.
26
6
2
2
1
1
49
Nattvb White Males.
Under 16 years. . .
15 to 17 years
18and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
46to64yeare......
56 to G4 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city
21,
8,
2,
1,
4,
4.
4,
6,
2,
1,
21,690
8,749
2,464
1,098
8,595
2,952
1.722
1.565
630
229
107
1
62,»10 89,
2
4
27
43
469
1,836
1.652
2.969
1,678
785
291
26
26
270
540
511
668
263
103
■25
9,191
2,463
Nativb White Females.
Under 16 years
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 44 yean
45 to 64 yean
56 to 64 yean
65 yean and over .
Unknown
The city
5
5
14
2
1
8
27
72
131
352
401
340
1
1
238
1,574
1
20
22,357
4,768
3,139
1,572
5,391
5,784
4,632
6,938
4,070
2,512
1,433
1
22,388
4,500
2,557
1,113
8,020
2,175
1.115
1,369
680
401
262
1
6
184
452
336
1.830
2,711
2,511
3,409
1,451
519
,19
4
71
112
95
380
481
387
483
184
67
10
2
4
17
26
160
417
617
1,672
1.753
1,532
1,042
12
4
1
2
1
2
6
2
62,692
89,529
18,528
2,261
7,242
29
Digitized by
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340
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tabus XVII. — Conjugal condition by age^ stXy race^ and nativity — Ck>ntinued.
CITY OP HABANA-Contiiiaed.
Total Foekion Whitx.
Total.
Single.
Married.
LdrlDg
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years. . .
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 lo 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city . . .
2,382
1,594
2,095
1,463
6,588
8,770
7,463
U,264
6,454
8,823
1,552
8
2,327
1,570
2,021
1,872
5,685
6,260
8,997
4,225
1,790
767
295
2
52,901
80,251
20
52
70
679
1,910
2,664
5.260
8,110
1,836
436
1
2
8
19
20
233
487
585
1,007
479
192
53
15,628
8,060
1
40
121
215
777
1,078
1,027
767
4,024 I
18
FORUON White Males.
Under 15 years. . .
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city . . .
1,209
1,802
1,816
1,237
5,554
7,192
6,972
8,854
4,788
2,285
918
3
41,190
1,267
1,801
1,809
1,221
5,164
5,761
8,672
8,802
1,650
687
206
2
26,894
2
7
234
1,047
1,799
8,978
2,471
1,113
11,084
4
9
147
846
416
766
886
154
48
2,271
-
8
1
87
1
83
2
808
5
.380
1
381
285
1,478
IS
Foeeion White Females.
Under 15 years —
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Unknown
The city .
1,068
292
279
226
1,034
1,678
1,491
2,410
1,666
1,088
634
11,711
1,060
269
212
151
471
489
325
423
240
180
87
8,867
20
60
63
445
868
865
1,272
639
228
64
4,494
2
8
15
11
86
141
169
241
93
88
10
809
2
1
32
84
182
474
698
646
482
2,546
Digitized by
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CONJUGAL CONDITION.
341
Table XVII. — Cor^gal condition by agty seXy racCy and ncUiiniy — Ck»ntinued.
CITY OP HABANA— Continued.
Total Colorkd.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
togetber
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 16 yean . . .
15 to 17 yeai8
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
SO to 84 years
85 to 44 yeais
46 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over
Unknown
The city
19,706
4,400
8,060
1,683
5,371
6,903
5,841
8,607
6,022
8,824
2,126
5
19,690
4,279
2,745
1,866
8,823
4,113
8,149
4,497
8,558
2,546
1,539
2
23
46
77
358
719
665
1,016
539
288
91
5
95
261
228
1,151
1,965
1,859
2,715
1,392
587
188
67,548
51,308
3,824 i
10,446
2
8
12
38
106
168
378
538
403
806
1,959
Colored Males.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
IS and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
SO to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 61 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city....
9,445
1,827
1,237
670
2,172
2.933
2,400
8,453
2,568
1,692
727
4
29,128
9,486
1.822
1,204
613
1,741
1,917
1,342
1,625
1,378
1,079
492
2
22,651
1
1
2
6
77
276
802
548
315
186
64
1,778
1
4
29
49
849
727
729
1,211
777
869
126
4,371
320
2
5
2
2
4
13
1
27
69
98
58
45
Colored Females.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
a*) to 44 years
45 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city
10,261
2,673
1,823
1,013
8,199
8,970.
8,441
5,154
8,454
2,132
1,399
1
10, 2M
2,457
1,541
753
2,082
2,196
1,807
2,872
2,180
1,467
1,047
1
1
22
44
71
281
448
863
468
224
102
27
4
91
282
179
802
1,238
1,130
1.504
615
218
62
1
2
6
10
34
93
141
809
435
345
263
1
1
1
38,420
28,657
2,046
6,075
1,689
8
Digitized by
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342
REPORT ON THE 0EN8US OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal condUion l/y age^ sejr^ race, and nattvUy — Continued.
CITY OF MATANZAS.
Total Populatjon.
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 17 yeare
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
SO to 31 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city . . .
Total.
12,204
2,498
1,689
865
2,896
3,374
2,679
4,384
2,908
1,759
1,122
6
Single. ] Married.
12,185
2,447
1,546
736
2,119
1,894
1,131
1.486
444
8
1,374 25,620
1
23
78
67
418
852
901
1,637
1,000
463
177
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
■|
27
63
56
307
480
459
714
402
195
112
2
Wid-
owed.
6,607 I
2,817 ,
Un-
known.
1
3
7
61
148
187
547
567
608
2,409
18
Total Males.
Under 15 years...
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 yeare
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 yeare
30 to 34 yeare
35 to 44 yeare
45 to 54 yeare
65 to 64 yeare
65 yeare and over
Unknown
The city ...
5,985
1,099
688
363
1,308
1,470
1,243
2,103
1,332
867
16,926
6,980
1,099
681
844
1,114
946
681
m
378
274
168
1
2
6
90
294
398
882
607
834
130
12,300 I 2,743
6
12
100
214
238
888
231
137
80
1
1,406
1
3
16
26
96
116
122
88
Total Females.
Under 15 yeare...
15 to 17 yeare
18 and 19 yeare. . .
20 yeare
21 to 24 yeare
25to29ye€u«
30 to 84 yeare
85 to 44 yeare
46 to 64 yeare
66 to 64 yeare
65 yeare and over
Unknown
The city . . .
6,219
1,399
1,001
492
1,588
1,904
1,436
2,281
1,576
892
666
4
19,448
6,205
1.348
864
391
1,005
948
650
751
661
319
276
2
13.220
1
23
76
61
328
658
503
756
893
129
47
2,864
44
207
266
221
326
171
68
32
1
1,411
1
3
6
48
132
161
449
451
386
301
1
13
Digitized by
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CONJUGAL CONDITION.
343
Tablk XVII. — Cmijugal condition by age^ sex^ race^ and nativity — Continued.
CITY OF MATANZAS-Continued.
Total Nativk White.
I
I
Under 15 years
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years . . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 1 ) 29 years
30t784 years
35 to 44 years
45t)54 years
56 to 64 years
66 years and over .
UnlmoMm
Total.
Single.
Married.
8,102
8,085
1,647
1,614
1,091
994
502
431
1,740
1,237
1,869
965
1,899
456
2,240
495
1,306
202
667
95
366
54
2
1
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
1
20
67
45
339
627
659
1,144
629
248
78
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
12
28
19
119
154
128
161
67
15
6 I
I 16
1
2 •
7 ,
44 1
123 '
156;
439 1
408
309
228
1
The city 20,931
14,629
3,857
Native White Males.
709 I
l,n8
18
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30to84yeani
a'>to44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city . . .
4,005
702
422
198
722
723
595
960
518
260
113
1
9^219
4,000
702
419
189
600
450
234
269
73
186
257
622
328
153
48
6,996
1,574
13 .
21 I.
69 I
67 .
57 .
45 .
. Native White Females.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
.8 and 19 years...
20vearB
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 t^St years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city . . .
4,097
945
669.
304
1,018
1,146
S04
1,280
788
407
253
1
11,712 I
4,085
•912
575
242
637
515
222
226
119
60
40
1
20
66
39
266
441
402
622
801
95
SO
7,633 2,283
343
-il !^
2
6
41
110 '
135 I
370 '
341
262 '
183
1 I
1,442 I
11
Digitized by
Google
844
SEPOBT ON THE 0EK8U8 OF CUBA, 18»9.
Table XVII. — (Jonjugal condilwn by age^ war, racCf and «aiirt<y— Continued.
CITY OP MATANZAS-Contlnued.
Total FObeion Whits.
Total.
Single.
ICarried.
Living
together
ashuA-
bandand
wife by
matuai
consent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
knowm.
189
68
88
66
867
469
411
769
587
485
245
139
67
88
68
817
808
219
274
126
65
25
1
4
2
41
125
189
852
801
190
92
1
1
1
8
28
84
75
42
20
11
i
13
19
68
118
100
117
8,644
1,681
1,247
220
496
Under 15 years . . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city —
Foreign Whitx Malbb.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city
75
48
68
64
296
875
820
618
419
284
138
2,695
75
48
68
53
280
276
193
245
105
49
16
1,408
9
71
94
288
285
161
77
930
192
165
FoBEioN Whitx Fexalxs.
Under 15 years . . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city....
64
20
20
i?-
71
94
91
151
168
151
107
949
273
317
28
1
11
16
43
76
103
81
331
Digitized by
Google
OONJVOAL CONDITION.
345
Table XVII. — Oofyugal condilion by age, sex, race, and nalitrUy — Continued.
CITY OF MATANZAS-Continued.
Total Colobbd.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
MTlfeby
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years...
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to S4 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
56 to 64 years
65 Tears and over
Unknown
The city....
8.963
783
510
287
789
1,086
869
1,876
1,016
657
511
4
11,799
3,961
766
468
241
665
626
456
716
611
438
866
2
9,210
2
7
10
88
100
103
141
70
16
84
36
180
296
297
478
293
160
96
2
503
196 I
Colobbd Males.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 yean. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 yean
85 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean
65 yean and over
UiLknown
The city
1,906
349
198
111
290
372
328
625
896
823
216
1
5,012
1,906
349
194
102
234
220
154
220
190
190
138
8,896
239
48
114
126
224
164
106
66
1
848
29
Colobbd Females.
Under 15 yean...
16 to 17 yean
18 and 19 yean...
20 yean
21 to 24 yean
26 to 29 yean
80 to 34 yean
36 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 yean......
65 yean and over
Unknown
.The city
2,068
434
812
176
499
664
641
860
620
834
296
8
6,787
2,066
417
274
189
831
406
802
496
421
243
227
2
5,314
264
16
81
27
132
184
172
264
139
66
30
1
1,040
166
Digitized by
Google
846
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVI I. — Conjugal condition by age, mx, racfj and naiimly — Continued.
CITY OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Total Population.
Under 15 yean . . .
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
90 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city
Total.
9,091
1,678
970
558
1,447
1.626
1,839
8,079
2,263
1,530
1,021
Single.
9,089
1,636
869
478
788
977
434
822
25,102 17,155
Married.
1
35
82
67
346
598
802
1,453
911
459
4,956
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
1
7
13
11
55
101
132
225
134
71
35
786
2,204
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
6
2
20
69
117
423
550
1
566
461
1
Total Males.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
te to 64 years
65 years and over
The city ...
4,448
642
396
214
633
667
740
1,276
902
891
403
10,912
4,447
642
392
207
533
421
345
377
246
175
134
7,919
80
192
309
737
499
280
144
2,249
1
1
19
48
65
106
81
47
24
21 I.
56 .
76 .
89 I.
101 .
351
Total Females.
Under 15 years . . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city
4,643
1.036
574
344
814
959
1,099
1,803
1,361
939
618
14,190
4,642
994
477
271
493
447
443
600
422
259
188
9,236
1
85
80
61
266
406
493
716
412
179
58
2,707
7
12
10
36
53
67
119
53
24
11
392
5
2
19
53
96
367
474
477
860
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
347
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age^ war, race^ and nativity — Contdniied.
CITY OP PUERTO PRINCIPE— Continued.
Total Native Whitis.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
ashns-
band and
wife by
mntuiu
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 16 years . . .
15 to 17 yeans
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
ao to »4 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city
1,1S2
658
347
886
931
1,178
1,974
1,837
890
497
6,624
1,148
674
283
679
436
399
479
803
180
99
I
31
69
69
266
412
628
1,056
604
291
94
16,605
11,104
3,605
25
36
65
110
61
22
7
330
2
16
48
91
829
379
897
297
1,665
Native White Males.
Under 15 years . . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 54 years
65 years and over
The city....
3,199
460
263
121
343
338
432
764
434
272
148
6,764
3,199
460
260
118
282
201
165
176
90
64
27
6,022
2
3
55
119
219
601
283
161
70
1,413
145
184
Native White Females.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city
3,426
732
396
226
5l3
593
746
1,210
903
618
349
9,741
3,426
698
314
166
297
236
284
308
213
126
72
6,082
1
31
67
66
211
296
404
65t
321
180
24
2,092
185
6
2
16
44
76
291
344
862
261
1,381
Digitized by
Google
348
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by agf^ «a:, rcuxy and nottriiy— Continued.
Cmr OF PUERTO PMNCIPB-Oontinued.
Total Forxigm Whits.
Total.
Single. Married.
Uring
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
matual
consent
Wid- I Un-
dowed. known.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
90 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city....
70
32
29
28
129
174
132
266
217
130
76
70
82
28
25
104
116
76
83
84
21
18
1,283
602
1
2
19
42
48
152
127
67 ,
29
482 I
111
FOREIGN White Males.
Under 15 yean...
15 to 17 years
ISand 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city ...
89
24
22
18
110
158
122
287
196
100
1,084
24
22
17
94
112
78
77
34
16
12
620
1
12
32
86
138
121
61
25
421
80
Foreign White Females.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
SO to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 yeazB and over
The city ...
199
82
61
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITION.
849
Tablb XVII. — Ckmjugal condition by age^ #ex, race, and nativity — Continued.
CITY OF PUERTO PBINCIPS-ContlnDed.
Total Colobkd.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Liying
together
asbuB-
bandand
wife by
mutuaJ
coiueDt
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 16 yean...
15tol7yeaiB
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to a4 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to &! years
65 years and over
The city
2,896
2,895
464
456
283
267
183
170
432
843
521
816
629
813
839
416
709
831
610
233
448
210
4
12
6
61
144
186
246
180
101
79
7,814
6,449
969
867
4
9
28
85
140
133
184
Colobkd Malbb.
Under 15 yearn...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years. ^ . .
90 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city
1,210
168
111
75
180
171
186
276
272
219
197
3,064
1,209
168
110
72
167
108
107
124
122
106
95
2,877
2
13
41
54
108
96
58
49
415
168
104
COLOBBO FBMALBB.
Under 15 years . . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 to 64 years
66 years and over
The city —
1,186
296
172
108
262
360
843
664
437
291
251
4,260
1,186
288
167
98
186
206
206
291
209
128
116
3,072
4
12
4
48
108
82
143
85
43
30
654
199
8
7
20
78
117
108
96
424
Digitized by
Google
350
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablk XVII. — Conjugal amdUion by age, sex, rojce, and nativittf — Continued.
CITY or BANTIAOO.
Total Population.
Under 15 years. . .
16 to 17 years
18 EDd 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city....
Total.
8 I
Single.
14,687
2,952
1,803
852
1,990
2,000
1,627
2,838
1,498
825
475
1
48,090 I 80,996
Married.
51
183
97
486
981
1,224
1,982
1,008
885
102
2
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wifebv
mutual
consent.
2
42
83
68
270
501
631
966
496
194
43
Wid-
owed.
8,299 I
2
4
8
40
122
221
574
593
478
846
Un-
known.
2,888 I
Total Males.
Under 15 years. . .
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
UnJuown
The city . . .
7,135
1,319
891
449
1,311
1,727
1,778
2,743
1,569
683
815
2
19,922
7,133
1,316
877
416
1,107
1,114
822
1,002
508
225
140
1
14,661
1
5
15
108
859
605
,104
646
233
77
1
3,154
1
1
9
16
90
285
311
501
801
138
29
1,635
1
4
19
89
132
114
87
465
Total Females.
Under 15 years...
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city ...
7,506
1,729
1,132
677
1,478
. 1,877
1,929
8,119
2,021
1,149
651
1
28,168
7,604
1,636
926
436
805
,886
990
600
835
16,837
60
128
82
378
622
619
878
857
102
25
1
8,242
1
41
74
62
180
266
823
462
196
66
14
1,664
1,923
2
4
7
36
103
1
182
442
479
1
391
277
Digitized by
Google
CONJUGAL CONDITiaN.
351
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age^ sex, race, and nativity — Continued.
CITY OF SANTIAGO— ConUnued.
Total Nativf. White.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Vndcr 15 years
6,937
1,160
737
858
966
1,096
1,145
1,869
1,128
567
805
1
5,937
1,113
658
293
663
628
403
673
804
143
80
1
1
1
15 to 17 years
23
65
46
216
410
520
833
412
158
43
12
26
18
66
96
111
183
76
26
6
I
1
19
61
111
279
386
240
177
1
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years ,
2
25 to 29 years
fO to 34 yean
85 to 44 years
1
45 to 54 vears
55 to 64 years »
65 vears and over
Unknown
' 1
The dty
15,258
10,691
2,716
619
1,228
4
*
Native White Males.
Under 15 years, . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
?0 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city....
Native White Females.
Under 15 years. . . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
G^ years and over .
UnjLnown
The city.
2,970
639
440
198
556
662
684
1,086
?28
883 ,
220
2,970
605
361
141
316
280
228
836
213
109
8,656 6,622
22
53
43
173
272
802
427
196
60
10
1,558
1
3
1
17
53
96
235
291
205
147
325 I
1,049
Digitized by
Google
352
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, war, race, and natwUy^Contmued.
CITY OF SANTIAGO— Continued.
Total Foeugm Whitk.
Total.
Single.
Married.
UTing
together
aa hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
oonaent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Under 15 years . . .
16 to 17 years
18 and 19 yean. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 yeazB
65 years and over
Uniuiown
The city ...
261
78
148
78
880
672
494
821
461
161
69
2
261
67
181
62
269
894
270
840
168
60
28
4
12
9
50
129
162
842
199
62
18
2
8,440
2,016
266
197
FOBBiaM Whitb Malb.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to24yeazs
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unknown
The city . . .
127
48
110
49
276
479
428
706
406
126
2,796
127
43
110
46
260
863
267
810
144
42
20
1,712
2
19
77
119
282
177
60
17
1
744
280
106
FOUEIQH WHITV FSMALBI.
Under 15 yetm. . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over
Unicnown
The city ...
124
80
88
24
64
93
71
116
63
26
20
1
646
124
24
21
16
19
81
18
80
9
8
8
806
28
89
Digitized by
Google
OONJUOAL CONDITION.
858
Tablb XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, »ex, race, and naiivUy — Continued.
CITY OP SANTIAGO— ConUnoed.
Total Colobxd.
Under 15 years...
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years..*.
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 yean
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city ...
Total.
8,462
1,826
1,143
695
1,498
1,987
2,068
3,172
2,001
1,114
24,892
Single.
8,449
1,772
1,019
497
1,068
1,078
954
1,425
1,041
632
367
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
24
66
42
220
442
562
807
392
125
41
18,292 I
2,711
2
28
57
49
193
365
474
701
365
152
36
2,422
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
1
1
6
21
62
87
239
203
205
148
OOLOBKD MALXS.
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years. . .
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
ao to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city . . .
4,041
766
484
240
625
806
894
1,265
761
874
181
10,425
4,039
765
475
218
510
603
390
456
273
149
103
7,880
3
10
46
144
268
416
263
85
27
1,262
6
10
66
151
217
382
200
106
1,111
178
GOLOBBD FBMALBB.
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 17 years
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 yean and over
The city ...
4,411
1,060
669
865
868
1,132
1,174
1,917
1,240
740
411
13,967
4,410
1,007
544
279
548
576
664
970
768
488
264
10,412
24
63
82
174
296
284
391
189
40
14
1,460
1
28
51
39
127
214
257
369
165
46
14
1,3U
1
1
6
19
45
69
187
168
171
119
786
24662-
-23
Digitized by
Google
354
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XYlll.—JUegUimate ckUdreru
CUBA.
Total.
Under 6
years.
5to9
yearn.
10 to 14
years.
15 to 19
years.
20 to 24
years.
25yea«
and over.
Allclasees
185,090
87,000
56,650
47,161
20,883
10,061
7.265
Males
«,126
92,904
18,567
18.603
28,768
27,882
24,121
23,040
12,411
14,422
6.071
4.990
3,198
Females
4.0C7
Native white
58,686
12,140
19.093
15,554
8,051
2.577
1,271
Males
90,185
28,501
6,171
5,969
10,011
* 9,082
7,900
7,594
8,893
4,158
1,468
1,109
682
Females
588
Foreign white
2M
28
48
52
50
37
39
Males
143
111
13
15
25
23
28
24
29
21
22
15
26
Females
13
Colored
126,090
24,892
37,509
31,555
18,782
7,447
5,955
Males
61,798
64,292
12,873
12,519
18,782
18,777
16.133
15,422
8,489
10,248
3,581
3,866
2.490
Female*!
3,465
PROVINCK OF HABANA.
Allclaawe
28,808
5,897
7,863
6,621
4,287
2,016
1.760
Males
13.665
14.638
2,856
8,042
3.890
8,973
8,275
8,246
1,955
2.282
923
1,093
767
Females
1,002
Native white
6,737
1,834
2,090
1,492
789
321
211
-Males
Females
3.345
3,892
884
960
1,074
1.016
717
775
898
896
174
147
lOS
108
Foreign white
135
13
80
26
25
19
22
Males
70
65
7
6
14
16
12
14
13
12
10
9
14
Females
8
Colored
21,431
4,050
6,743
5,003
8,423
1.676
1,536
Males
10,250
11,181
1.964
2,086
2,802
2,941
2,646
2,457
1,549
1,874
739
987
650
Females
886
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
All classes
24,863
5,338
7,831
6,088
3,227
1,247
1,132
Males
11,969
12,394
2,662
2,676
8.629
3,702
8,192
2,896
1,466
1,771
583
664
. 447
Females
685
Native white
2,678
680
813
736
341
120
89
Males
1,832
1.846
286
294
395
418
886
349
162
179
67
63
36
Females
53
Foreign white
17
.2
8
4
4
4
Males
11
6
2
1
8
1
2
2
4
Females
2
Colored
21,668
4,758
6,516
6,360
2,882
1,123
1,0S8
Males
10,626
11,042
2,876
2,882
8,234
8.282
2,804
2,546
1,291
1,691
514
609
407
Females
632
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN.
355
Tablr XVIII. — lUegiHmaU childrni — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Total.
17,»76
Under 6
years.
Bto9
years.
10 to 14
years.
15 to 19
years.
2,126
20 to 24
years.
756
25years
and over.
Allelaffles
4,317
5,963
4,299
515
Malc8
8,820
9,156
2,167
2,160
3,011
2,952
2,091
2. -205
942
1.1»t
361
.^»5
255
FemaleH
2G0
Native white
7,043
1,830
2,455
1,608
721
276
153
Males
8.572
3,471
935
895
1,284
1.171
774
834
348
873
148
128
83
Females
70
Foreign white
11
1
2
3
1
4
Males
7
4
1
1
3
1
2
Females
i
2
1
Colored
10,922
2,486
3,506
2.688
1,401
480
358
Males
Females
6,241
5,681
1,222
1,264
1.T26
1.780
1,317
1,371
593
811
213
267
170
188
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
AUclasies
8,483
1,923
2,602
2,170
1,206
359
223
Males
Females
4,354
4,129
9M
939
1,867
1.235
1,137
1,033
577
629
186
173
108
120
Native white
5.004
1,164
1.654
1,818
653
155
60
Males
Females
2.621
2,383
589
575
875
779
699
619
327
326
91
64
40
20
Foreiifn white
5
1
2
1
I
Males
3
2
1
1
1
Females
2
. ...
Colored
3,474
758
916
851
552
•21M
163
Males
1,730
1,744
894
364
492
454
487
414
249
303
95
109
63
Females
100
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
All classes
81,576
5,674
9.474
8.895
4,887
1,813
1,833
Males
15,337
16,239
2,867
2,807
4,735
4,789
4.289
4.156
2.130
2,757
834
979
532
Females
801
Native white
8,936
1,807
2,807
2,641
1,327
454
200
Males
4,544
4,392
764
743
1,445
1,362
1,846
1,295
625
702
254
200
110
Females
90
Foreign white
49
3
8
10
9
13
6
Males
32
17
1
2
6
2
7
3
i
10
3
4
Females
2
Colored
22,691
4,164
.6,,660
5.744
3,561
1.346
1,127
Males
10,761
11,880
2,102
2,062
3,284
3,375
2,886
2,858
1,501
2,050
670
776
418
Females
709
Digitized by VjOOQIC
356
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA^ 18W.
Table XyilL—IlUgUimaU children— Ck>ntinued.
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO.
Total.
Under 5
years.
5to9
years.
10 to 14
years.
16 to 19
years.
20 to 24
yeara.
25yearB
and over.
Allclaaeefl
74,829
18.911
23,417
19.688
11.150
3.870
2.293
Males
87,981
86.348
7.032
6.879
12.136
11.281
10.181
9,504
5.351
6,799
2.184
1.686
1.094
Females
1.199
Native white
28,288
6,225
9.274
7.760
4.220
1.251
568
Males
14.771
13,517
2.713
2.512
4.938
4.336
4.038
3,722
2,038
2,182
734
517
310
Females
248
Forei^ white
37
10
4
»
10
1
S
Males
20
17
4
6
4
3
6
7
3
2
Females
1
I
Colored
46,004
8,676
14.139
11,919
6,920
2.618
1,7S2
Males
23,190
22.814
4.315
4.361
7.194
6,945
6,143
6,776
8.806
8,614
1,450
1,168
782
Females
950
CITY OF CIKNFUEG08.
All classes
2,862
644
787
789
476
187
129
Males
1.871
1,491
275
269
870
417
868
871
216
261
93
94
50
Female**
79
Native white
800
181
244
210
107
4^
13
Males
403
397
90
91
124
120
98
112
52
55
29
16
10
Females
3
Forei^ white
1
1
"
...
Males
1
I
Females
Colored
2.061
362
643
629
869
142
116
Males
967
1,004
184
178
246
297
270
269
163
206
64
78
40
Females
76
CITY OF HABANA.
All classes
17.760
3,986
4,873
8,759
2,679
1,319
1,1M
Males
8.491
9,269
1,892
2,(H4
2,400
2,473
1,887
1.872
1,225
1,464
583
736
504
690
NaUve white
4,624
1,860
1,426
964
620
205
149
Males
2.268
2,366
655
706
718
708
464
600
246
275
108
97
78
Females
71
Foreign white
100
9
23
14
19
14
21
Males
60
60
6
4
10
18
6
9
11
8
6
8
IS
Females
8
Colored
13,086
2,567
8,424
2,781
2.140
1,100
1.024
Males
6,173
6.863
1,232
1,835
1,672
1,752
1,418
1,368
969
1,171
469
681
413
Females
611
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ILLEOITIMATE CHILDBEK.
357
Tablb XyilL—IUegUimtUe children—Continued.
CITY OF MATANZAS.
Total.
Under 6
yean.
5to9
yean.
10 to 14
yean.
15 to 19
yean.
20 to 24
yean.
25yean
and over.
Allclaasee
8,661
689
960
859
539
278
236
Males
1,765
1,796
845
844
485
475
463
896
249
290
131
147
92
KpiiibIw --
144
Native white
629
151
194
156
76
82
20
Males
829
800
80
71
99
95
86
70
87
89
18
14
9
Females . . , . . . ^ - r
11
^>reim white
1
1
Males
1
1
1
Females
1
*** 1 **
Colored
2,931
538
766
703
462
m
216
Males
1,435
1,496
265
278
886
880
877
826
211
251
113
188
83
Females , , ^ . ^ , ^ .
188
CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
All classes
1,946
383
516
456
824
148
119
Males
Females
m
972
193
190
269
247
242
214
147
177
74
74
49
70
Native white
708
188
219
183
113
40
15
Males
Females
860
848
72
66
111
108
95
88
56
57
18
22
8
T
Foreiini white
-
Males
Colored
1.238
245
297
273
211
108
104
Males
614
624
121
124
158
189
147
126
91
120
66
52
41
Females
68
CITY OF SANTIAGO.
All 4*lfMwe<i
5.824
733
1,564
1,584
1,075
462
466
Males
2.863
2,971
865
868
780
784
777
757
511
564
230
232
190
Females
266
Native white
1,193
168
872
322
220
65
46
Males
622
571
91
77
200
172
171
151
104
116
87
28
19
Females
27
Foreign white
15
8
3
1
2
1
Males
8
7
4
4
8
1
1
Females . . ...
1
1
Colored
4,616
557
1,189
1,211
853
897
409
Males
2.223
2,398
270
287
577
612
606
605
406
447
193
204
171
Females
288
Digitized by VjOOQIC
358
KEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18»9.
Table XlX.School aiiendancet literacy, and superior education.
[Plgnree in italics are indaded in thoae for the province or district.]
Total
Under 10
yean of age.
Ten years of age and over.
Superior edu-
cation.
Provinces.
••9
** ft
<
§1
o
•Si
<
3^^
p5
P
1
1
1
Yes.
No.
Habana
424,804
tS5,981
202.444
m,064
88.234
366.636
827.715
14.662
9,8S1
6.G08
1.655
2.196
8.897
6.461
65,076
sg,tso
36,440
41.102
22,252
68.812
83.237
16,221 183,567
10,79t M,ltt
7.005 06.067
1,767; 100.518
2.202 82.440
11.404 in.305
7.797 156.678
11.630
7,8tt
4.567
1.480
2.528
8,008
4.540
183,021
127,039
60.376
26,415
26.458
88.480
68,010
687
96
292
132
88
0,007^ 415,707
Oityo/Hahana..
7,t82[ tt8,699
2.613' 100.831
PinardelRio
Puerto Principo
Santa Clara
746
1.482
1.977
3.243
172,818
86,752
354,550
Rantisgo
334,472
Cnba
1,572,797
40.560
316,428
47,876 fl0O.5fl5
32,772 443,670
1.427
10,158
1,553,630
PROVINCE OP HABANA.
District.
Aguacate
Alqaisar
Bainoa
Bataban6
Bauta
Bejncal
Cano
Gasiguas
Cataalca
Ceiba del Agua
Ouanabacoa
City of Ouanaba-
coa
Guara
Gttines
Guira de Helena
Habana
Cilyo/Habana...
Islade Pines
Jarnco
Madruga
Managua
Marianao
Helena del Sur
NnevaPaz
Pipian
Quivic&n
Regis
Safiid
San Antonio de las
Vegas
San Antonio de los
Bafios
San Felipe
Han Jo86 do las Lajas.
San Nicolas
Santa Cruz del Norte.
Santa Maria del
Rosario
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
VeredaNneva
The province
Total
popula-
tion.
8,168
8,746
1,726
6,523
5,142
5,756
4,210
1,004
2,718
2,107
20,080
1S,96S
1,836
11.304
11,548
242.065
955,981
3.100
4,076
3,744
2,887
8,503
8.207
7.761
1,101
2,423
11,868
3,283
1,865
424.804
Under 10
years of age.
^
112
188
18
282
70
106
08
18
61
50
618
40
0,067
9,ii8l
38
183
51
84
205
105
168
96
665
64
366
60
88
10
1
62
265
8
14,652
-1
400
1,634
288
1.110
000
060
760
162
454
408
8,806
t,OI^
867
1,787
2,173
33,300
Sf,tSO
784
578
624
588
1,371
560
1,432
167
425
1,700
630
2,217
350
734
015
510
450
1,781
268
456
Ten years of age and over.
It
125
153
15
237
75
175
123
16
74
46
787
717
37
325
105
10,066
10,799
37
243
77
:)0
868
84
188
1
92
563
58
79
410
76
80
27
1
37
341
13
48
05,076
5fl
If
3
16,221
1,567
4,411
021
2,722
2,758
2.467
2,014
5r3
1,520
1,151
6,823
IS
19
80
28
f! 27
< it
43
74
44
68
00
83
20
83
26
»,J33
1,845
071
5.400
1,000
2.142
2,580
1.845
1.356
3.612
1,001
1,360
133,567
^-1
1
107
135
26
87
68
71
78
22
21
23
806
C47
1
201
77
8,008
7,8t9
42
76
84
56
185
42
87
10
30
413
57
12
45
63
53
24
140
230
20
11,630
761
2,275
455
2,074
1,262
1.887
1,145
213
578
513
7,782
871
8.276
2,072
120.186
If7,0»
054
1.021
010
616
8,450
683
2,062
200
554
4,972
865
062
584
676
3,620
232
526
183,021
I
5
a
21
101
95
1
1
4
1
427
037
Superior edu
cation.
Yes.
00
28
81
21
12
10
8
200
7
82
105
7,363
7,«M
22
86
12
6
150
10
47
2
28
294
0
20
106
38
16
18
No.
3.140
8.678
1,718
6,463
5.114
5,675
4.180
ogs
2,708
2.189
19,790
U,697
1,828
11,312
11.443
234.702
9S8,C99
3,177
4.040
8.738
2,881
8,434
3,197
7,714
1,099
2,897
11.060
3,284
1,835
12,525
1,877
4.138
4,550
2,950
2,701
10,190
1,546
2,412
0,007 415,707
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITERACY.
359
Table XIX. — School attendance, literacy ^ and miperior educatior. — Continued.
PROVINCE OP MATANZA8.
[Pigurea in italics are indaded in those for the province or district]
Total
Under 10
years of age.
Ten years
of age
and over.
Sa];)erior edu-
cation.
District.
•0
(30
<
l|
•dfl
q5
© .
so
<
s
?
1
1
Yea.
No.
Alacranofl
10
70
84
98
61
Uf
74
05
07
00
53
20
42
05
05
82
74
46
58
147
„^0
4,464
5,205
6,765
2.065
5,226
236
185
03
52
1,225
l,t03
130
341
100
171
131
256
67
264
205
2,251
80
5
158
100
72
135
225
7
101
1,335
1.770
060
282
4.115
SMU
568
2.455
1,160
1,176
1,108
1.437
1,143
1,888
1.824
6.764
6,170
773
405
1,643
764
770
050
1,404
626
073
280
200
101
87
1,558
l,6fO
124
345
06
102
114
276
08
265
162
2.858
f,7f7
08
13
178
158
68
101
262
50
218
4,610
5,060
3.225
1,310
8.084
6,SU7
1.7W
5,467
8,230
8.474
3.227
3.500
2.066
6.054
5.110
15,070
9,699
2.230
1385
4.315
2.878
2.744
2,000
8.702
1.827
2.448
130
163
42
5
806
775
88
317
123
65
72
142
64
140
112
1.547
1,289
84
40
71
05
81
88
115
16
152
1.498
1,780
760
254
0.080
8,580
424
3.258
1.084
010
1.100
1.880
706
1,757
1,478
16.715
15,273
771
347
1,276
042
716
010
1,047
420
1.241
17
3
3
3
43
35
4
12
5
12
11
21
3
37
5
68
58
1
13
6
3
4
4
10
1
3
77
01
13
16
300
387
3
00
18
62
27
155
45
50
40
1.280
1,2U)
26
4
34
23
15
51
27
8
41
8,083
Bolondr6n
0,088
OhA7r^ .
5,171
Oanasi
1,077
24,462
Citypf Cdrdencu.
Carlos Rojas
21,553
3,171
Ck>16n
12,105
Crievitflfl
5,780
5,088
JaflTfley Qrande
Mw^^gTia .... ....
5,826
7,374
4,007
Hacnriges
MarU
10,355
8,856
43,008
Cityo/Maianzas.
H&ziino-G6mez
PalmiUas
Perico
35, 13k
4.020
2.154
7.613
4.426
Roque
4440
Sabanilla
5.154
San Jos6 de los Ramos
Santa Ana
6,738
2; 057
Union de Reyes
5,185
The province...
202,444
6.606
36.440
7,005
06,067
4,567
50.876
292
2,613
100.831
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Artemisa
0.317
2,117
3.853
4,866
7,300
16,665
8,706
14.760
2.710
1,871
2,456
8,366
3,631
38,343
8,880
4,263
2,410
1,187
14,787
7.608
17,700
57
6'
88
68
105
220
0
40
1
2
20
117
463
363
26
14
.......
52
182
1.608
476
684
830
1,004
4,180
1.684
8,086
406
410
528
2,067
646
10,002
1,59U
826
510
261
8,627
2,100
5.004
72
■'*"io*
111
43
205
238
13
60
.......
81
104
470
372
30
10
"'"06*
87
162
5,442
1.258
2,603
2.028
4.450
0.100
3.088
0,560
1,467
1.203
1.466
5,252
1,057
20,852
3,170
2,587
1,404
714
0,040
4,310
10,478
76
10
8
33
50
230
147
50
85
""u
44
58
406
213
26
7
14
108
58
75
1.060
868
404
870
702
2.484
2,560
2.084
600
157
424
045
751
6.092
3J53
808
881
148
1,828
077
1,794
12
1
3'
2
13
1
0
8
1
4
8
8
28
15
1
3
"""20'
15
5
45
8
11
88
17
74
74
20
21
2
14
11
22
206
169
10
14
1
33
24
42
0.272
Bahla Honda
2.100
0Al>f|fSA4
3.842
Candelaria
4,778
Cons61aci6n del
Norte
7,882
Cona61acl6n del Bur .
<i^nanAjay ...
16,501
8,722
Qnane
14,740
Qnayabal
2,680
1860
2,442
Mftntnft .....
8.355
Mf^rlA]
8m
Pinar del Bin ...
88.137
City of Finar del
8,711
San Cristobal
San Diego de los
Baiios
4.244
2.406
San Diego de Nnilez.
San Joan y Martinez.
San liTiis
1136
14,754
7,584
Vi«i^l«.
17,658
The province.. -
178.064
1.655
41,102
1,757
100,513
1.400
26,415
132
746
172,818
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
CiegodeAvlU
Mor6n
0.801
0,680
10,855
58,140
25,102
5,308
128
162
804
1,522
1,319
85
2,767
2,636
2,154
18,160
A, 555
1,536
128
211
813
1,466
l,2h2
80
4.507
4,830
8.635
17.288
6,026
2.000
222
225
216
1,700
1,11k
157
1.065
1.558
8,718
17,870
11,820
1.848
4
18
16
117
28
8
88
66
137
1,130
92U
68
0.718
0,566
Nnevitas
10,218
Puerto Principe
City of Puerto
Principe
SanU Cruz del Sur . .
62,001
tU, 178
5,255
The province ..
88,234
2,106
22,252
2,202
32.440
2.628
26.468
158
1,482
86,752
Digitized by VjOOQIC
360
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA,
Table XIX. — School attendance, literacy, and superior ediKXif ton— Continued.
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA.
[Fiffares in italics ar« incladed in those for the province or district]
District
Total
popula-
tion.
Under 10
years of age.
n
it
§1
Ten years of age and over.
si
1
Superior edu-
cation.
Yes.' No.
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartsffena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfnegos
City of Cien/ue-
go8
Cifuentes
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
Quemado de QOines .
Rancho Veloz
Ranchnelo
Rodas
Sagua la Grande
City of Sttgua la
Oraiule
San Antonio de las
Vneltas
Sancti-Spirltus
City of Sancti'
Stoiritus
San Diego del Valle. .
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Re-
medies
Santa Clara
City of Santa
Clara
Santa Isabel de las
Lajas
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
City of Trinidad .
Yaguajay
TJie province...
3,906
8,660
13,419
14,496
6,244
6,964
69,128
S0,0S8
3,826
7,963
7,811
6.527
11,961
8.890
7,632
6,069
9,662
21,342
lM,7t8
12,882
26,709
5,309
6,446
6,600
14,833
28,487
15,765
9,603
10,372
24,271
ll,ltO
9,718
180
218
181
240
96
107
1,994
i,677
189
236
191
172
160
80
96
68
384
7tO
120
429
307
49
68
Ul
818
96
243
676
6tO
188
764
1,917
2,682
2.961
1,210
1,842
10,622
U,861
686
1.422
1.866
1.364
2,876
1,901
1,713
1,079
1,876
8,633
rf891
5,211
f,574
991
1,822
1.196
2,n3
4,602
1,807
1.508
1,828
4.646
t,0S6
2,0SBZ
186
241
278
262
141
107
2.565
i»155
182
316
254
236
197
74
128
183
367
1.123
167
778
687
67
85
142
610
J.IU
114
230
979
766
190
1,882
3,100
7,881
7,666
3,692
3,668
23,900
7,007
1.928
3.653
4,491
8,124
6,106
6,629
4,417
2,668
4,990
8,612
6,949
9,872
S,6t8
3.319
3,848
3.186
6,964
13,304
4,085
5,778
6.860
10,254
2,970
4,848
81
278
246
145
60
96
1,247
9SU
43
238
131
149
292
76
83
116
76
608
US
184
1,474
i,0f9
60
48
102
316
891
155
137
401
f25
207
2.900
2.245
3,322
1.153
1.185
18,738
13,286
797
2,066
1,387
1,492
2,788
1,180
1,006
1.060
1.980
6.412
4,654
2,521
7,040
U,870
801
1.075
866
8,708
7.618
6, 297
1.861
2,078
7.226
U,616
2.268
84
42
46
72
19
20
510
594
20
80
80
15
46
31
26
15
42
140
42
145
107
19
19
19
57
279
26U
37
61
136
108
18
3.961
8,606
13,878
14,423
6.226
6.934
58.618
29,6a
3.805
7,914
7,781
6,512
11,915
8,860
7.607
5,044
0,520
21.203
12,613
12.700
25,564
IS, 589
5,8S0
6.428
5,581
14,778
28,158
is,m
9,566
10,311
24.136
11,012
0,700
356,586
8.807
68,312
11,404
171,305
8.006 88.400
120
1.077
354,560
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
AltoSongo
Baracoa
Bayamo
Campechuela
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
Gibara
Guantanamo
Holguin
Jiguani
Manzanillo
Cityof MantaniUo
Mayauri
Niquero
Pauna Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagua de Tanamo
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba
City of Santiago
de Cuba
The province...
70
l26
W
104
i04
163
i06
[05
S8
£U
i04
18
106
164
'OO
181
^78
45,090
327,715
11
401
315
162
30
43
20
664
444
432
80
1.184
1,061
42
03
60
180
54
267
1,071
1,970
6,461
966
33
!68
06
!2&
00
66
41
22
63
44
21
87
60
37
66
6,64iP
83.287
450
371
203
24
605
674
«450
104
1,215
1,070
73
116
151
180
78
286
2,481
^,451
7,544
10,864
11.412
3.088
4,740
5.821
460
15.204
18,806
17,502
14.216
3,909
4,527
1.402
7,660
10.633
3,227
6.608
U.888
10, ^f7
7,797 156,673
40
344
283
73
76
60
16
362
874
385
06
645
457
204
21
76
277
40
68
1,U0
1,109
4,540
1,511
3,656
2,547
1.216
2.270
1,806
421
6,442
6.638
5.822
1.136
7,884
6,66U
1,000
342
1.126
2,708
626
1,714
20,660
f0,545
68,010
36
78
72
32
08
35
20
320
875
68
8
146
136
12
5
16
01
10
78
1,748
1,745
8,243
12,734
21.866
21.121
7.337
0,028
10,672
1,174
81.274
27,688
34.443
10.487
82.142
Ik, 329
8.402
2,713
12,289
10,883
6,786
11,608
43,730
Ul,3k7
324,472
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITEBAOY.
861
Tabus XX. — Population 10 yearn of age and over, by age^ sex, race, and nativity,
and by literacy.
CCTBA.
TotaL
Can
neither
read nor
write.
•
Can read
but can not
write.
Can read
and write.
1,215,810
690,665
82,772
492,473
280.049
140,727
9,144
70,178
178,086
96,261
6,146
75.629
152,069
75.964
3,501
r3, 604
137.406
60.242
3,198
64.905
118,812
62,548
2,612
53.652
185,066
101,553
3,937
79,666
117,528
71,603
2,275
43.560
68.182
45.429
1.288
21.466
37,784
27.158
672
0.054
634.515
861,691
11,905
270,919
112,800
75,149
3,892
33,358
84,346
47,978
2,283
84,075
79,008
38.141
1,261
89,606
78,206
84,596
1,098
37.510
64,023
30,850
894
32.279
101,306
60,712
1,292
49,301
64,006
86,312
686
27,008
37,090
24,197
331
12,571
19,063
13,754
158
6,121
681.205
388,874
20,867
221,564
107,660
66,578
5,262
86,820
98,689
48,283
3.852
41,554
73.961
37,813
2,240
83,808
64,199
84,644
2,100
27,455
64.789
31,608
1,718
21,373
83,751
60,841
2,645
80,265
W,432
86,381
1,589
16.462
81.083
21,232
957
8,894
18,751
13,404
514
4.833
678,796
360.585
16,604
297,606
^^^
91,362
5.096
49,870
w
60,340
3,289
60,454
44,148
1,634
42,?21
37,162
1,375
86,574
.lfy'''08
81.544
1,127
80,337
MY Vol
47.911
1,743
46,347
;M
27,487
927
24,474
13,522
549
12,619
6,160
264
6,210
826,826
179,902
6,015
140,908
76,170
48,848
2,471
23.851
62.818
29,763
1,268
31,787
42,091
21,623
601
19,877
86,688
18.066
428
17.105
81,064
15.626
350
15.079
47.706
24.148
524
23.038
26,192
12,966
242
11.084
11,996
6,196
98
5.702
6,211
2,683
43
2,485
846,970
179,683
10,589
156,096
71,758
42.614
3,225
26,019
61,274
80.686
2,021
28,667
46,412
22,525
1,043
22.844
88,523
19,107
947
18.460
81,964
15,919
777
15.258
47,296
28,768
1,219
22.309
27.646
14,471
685
12.490
14,694
7.8i»
451
6.917
7,413
8,467
221
3,725
Total
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to64 years
65 years and over .
Total females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total native white —
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Native white males...
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20to24yeacB
25 to 20 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Native white females
10 to 14 yearn
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Digitized by VjOOQIC
362
BEPOBT ON THE CKNSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XX, — Population JO years of age and over, bp age^ «a?, race, and naiivitf^
and by literacy — Continued.
CUBA-Continned.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read I f,^ ,^ ,
but can not ^J^
write. and write.
Total f oreigrn white . . . .
10 toU years
15 to 19 years
SO to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30to34years
a5to44year8
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
86 years and over . .
Forel^rn white males. . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
ao to 34 years .
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years... —
65 years and over . .
Foreign white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Total colored
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Colored males
10 to 14 years
15 tolOyears
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years i
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Colored females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over ..
139,180
40,745
2.300
96.136
2,764
8.307
20,195
23,080
19.675
31.512
19,314
9.820
4,563
1.034
2,074
5.520
6,292
5,496
8,799
5,966
8.685
1.947
108
13B
277
383
310
S27
327
174
6,007
14.398
16.375
13,867
22.186
13,081
6,021
2,538
114,264
29,060
1.2S4
83,910
1.618
6.708
17.286
19.647
16,646
26,449
15.515
7.827
3,029
595
1.621
4,870
4,996
4,122
6.446
3.880
2.120
1.011
24,926
1.116
1.599
2.910
8,029
5,063
3.799
2.403
1.534
402.835
70,357
65,636
44,261
40.254
36.129
58.543
45,376
81.672
20,507
193,436
36.581
24,820
19.632
17,971
16,323
27.151
23,389
17, n6
10. 708
209,899
34,776
30,816
24.629
22.298
19,806
31.892
21.987
13,896
9.804
11,665
439
563
1.150
1.296
1,876
2.354
2.076
1.506
290.236
48,381
88.888
26.286
26.788
26.506
44.843
88,300
28,282
19,061
142.729
26.706
16,604
12,148
11.547
11,103
20.124
19,466
15,881
10,060
147,506
22.626
17.144
14,138
14.241
14,408
24,719
18.884
12.401
9.001
60
77
179
224
178
290
164
84
88
1,016
96
139
132
237
163
90
45
13,868
3,845
2,T»
1,800
1.460
1,176
1,667
1,021
666
4.606
1.371
9<8
491
478
280
149
n
9,2iS
1.974
1.778
1,099
1,014
809
1,189
741
416
1,008
5.110
12,736
14.427
12,346
19. n4
11.471
5,123
1.980
12,225
624
967
1,66S
1,948
2,472
1.560
896
653
18,681
19,078
16.385
13,016
9,448
12.033
6,065
2.8S5
1.211
46, im
8,604
7.178
6.998
5.978
4,854
6.549
8.643
1.746
656
62.631
10.177
11.900
9.882
7.098
4,604
5.484
2.412
1.079
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITERACY.
363
Table XX. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, nex, race, and nativity,
and by literacy — Continued.
PROVINCE OP HABANA.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
. wHte.
Can read
but can not
write.
Can read
and write.
346,076
133,567
11,680
199.879
50,737
23,150
2.824
24.763
48,521
17,597
1.908
29.016
40.251
16,126
1.328
31.797
45.029
14,958
1.257
28,814
36.483
12,774
1.055
22,634
53.519
19,582
1.599
82,338
32.883
14.529
908
17,451
18,829
9.497
507
8,826
9.844
5,354
249
4,241
182,212
64,594
4,219
113,390
S'S?
12,382
1,200
12,067
23,771
8,800
750
14,221
26.294
7,818
510
17.966
24,961
7,376
434
17,171
20,857
6.009
856
13,993
29,682
9.025
513
20,144
17,478
6.549
200
10.660
9,564
4.383
133
5,048
4,427
2.252
55
2,120
162.864
68.973
7,411
86,480
25,079
10.768
1,015
12,606
24,750
8,797
1,158
14.796
g.967
8.308
818
13,831
20.048
7.682
823
11,643
16.106
6,765
700
8,641
23,837
10,557
1,086
12,194
15.405
7,980
643
6,782
9,265
5,114
374
8,7n
5,417
3.102
194
2.121
186,323
65,895
5,060
115.378
36.730
15,697
1,630
18.408
31,394
11,481
940
18.073
27,515
9,497
540
17.478
^'25
7,701
476
14.898
17.827
5,571
878
11.878
25,289
7.679
549
17.061
14.211
4,656
271
9,284
7.595
2.517
186
4.802
3,687
1.096
80
2.611
88.002
32,422
1.847
63.733
18.074
8,490
719
8.866
14.408
5.678
377
8.348
12.698
4,509
209
7.980
10.963
3,764
153
7.056
8.650
2,746
115
5,780
12.286
3.766
170
8.361
6.403
1.963
66
4.354
?'iJS
1.057
29
2,060
1.379
440
9
030
98.321
33.473
3.208
61.645
17.656
7,207
911
0,538
16.091
6,803
563
10.626
14.817
4,988
831
9.486
12, 112
3.947
823
7.842
9,177
2.826
263
6,080
13.008
3,914
879
8.710
7,808
2.673
206
4.980
4.449
1,460
167
2.838
2,308
056
71
1.581
Total
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25to20year8
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Total males
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total females
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
:» to 34 years
'36to44years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total native white
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Native white males...
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
80 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Native white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
.65 years and over .
Digitized by VjOOQIC
364
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XX. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity^
and by Itteiricy^CaDtiaued.
PROVINCE OF HABANA-Conttmied.
TotaL
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read r««« •-^.i
butcannot'^^*^~^
write.
and write.
I
Total foreign white ...
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
aotoj;4 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45to&l years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Foreign white males. .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Foreign white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years ,
25 to 29 years ,
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45to5i years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total colored
10 to 14 years ,
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Colored males
10 to 14 years ,
16 to 19 years ,
20to24 years
25 to 20 years ,
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Colored females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years ,
20 to 24 years
25to2U years
30to34 years ,
35 to 44 years
46 to 54 years ,
66 to 64 years ,
65 years and over ..
67,174
1,448
4,785
10,397
11.224
0,660
14,517
8,541
4,576
2.131
63,290
4,019
8,802
9.300
7,794
11,562
6,417
8,197
1.389
18,884
668
766
1,506
1,9EB4
1,766
2,966
2.124
1,379
01,679
13,664
12.342
11,339
10.780
9,076
18.713
10,181
6.668
4,006
40,020
6,704
6,849
4,794
4.718
8,918
6,844
4,668
8,221
1,719
60,650
6,860
6,646
6,012
6,163
7,860
5.473
3,437
2,307
18.227
674
1,604
1.853
1.763
2,856
2,006
1,848
708
7,800
181
601
1,100
1,278
1,075
1,681
1,106
5,868
146
173
405
680
688
1,174
988
700
406
54,446
7,137
6,442
6,025
6,404
6,440
9,048
7,777
6,6aee
8.660
24.808
8,711
2,621
2,200
2,848
2,188
8,679
8,458
2,687
1,610
30,142
8,416
2,821
2,825
8,065
8.262
6.460
4.819
2,946
2,040
60
68
163
201
168
800
186
96
47
687
44
98
104
81
143
76
41
661
82
24
66
97
87
167
100
66
26
6.292
1.134
900
725
580
600
750
447
125
122
1,736
462
m
150
200
118
63
24
3.557
672
671
422
408
850
660
320
162
88
52, 6»
1,057
4.013
8,690
0,170
7,020
11,3S3
6,200
aias
1,376
44,784
on
3,474
7,505
7,9^3
6.638
9,728
6.233
2,517
1.006
7,875
386
509
1,085
1,247
991
1.634
1,0B7
615
an
31,8<2
5,308
6,000
5,680
4.746
8,127
8,915
1.907
801
854
14,1
2,531
2,989
2,381
2,192
1.666
2,066
1,0S8
471
185
16,900
2,778
8,601
8,288
2,554
1,561
1,850
886
880
160
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITERACY.
365
Table XX. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity^
and by literacy— Continned.
PROVINCE OP MATANZAS.
Total
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
but can not
write.
Can read
and write.
Total
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to ^ years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer .
Total females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55to64 years
65 years and over .
Total native white ...
10 to 14 years
IStolOyears
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Native white males . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer.
Native white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20to24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and oyer .
150,297
96,067
4,567
27.294
22,143
19,498
17.788
14,418
22,963
16.969
11.404
6,820
15,944
11,90H
10.242
9.n8
8,241
13. 7n
11.740
8.814
5,623
1.316
1.015
5ai
480
334
42.5
247
141
74
82,047
40.682
13,901
10, 183
9,466
8,8.^2
7,453
12.287
9.466
6.759
3,680
8,785
5,929
5,042
4.779
4.017.
6.752
6,203
5.131
3,044
553
368
177
164
no
130
89
45
21
77.280
46.385
13,303
11.960
10,032
8,936
6,965
10.676
7.508
4.645
3.140
7,159
5.979
5,200
4^224
7.025
6,537
3,683
2,579
77,428
16,865
13,565
10,918
9,243
7.034
10.267
5.660
2.662
1,214
37.482
8,598
6,262
5,144
4,328
3,472
5,220
2.730
1,224
504
39,946
8,267
7,303
5,774
4.915
3,562
5,047
2,930
1,438
710
38,097
9.479
6.818
6,263
4,420
3.214
4.528
2,577
1,268
530
19,522
6.205
8.304
2,660
2,218
1.678
2,326
1,208
570
250
18,675
4.274
3.424
2,504
2,202
1.536
2,202
1,374
680
280
2.001
763
647
358
316
224
286
158
06
53
2,204
612
243
206
152
207
119
58
29
843
335
199
83
62
52
63
34
9
1,461
433
313
160
144
100
144
85
49
23
10,084
0.220
8.721
7,530
6,843
8.761
4,982
2.449
1,123
30,600
4.563
3.886
4.247
8.900
8.326
5.396
8.174
1.583
615
27.064
5.471
6,334
4,474
8.621
8.517
8,365
1.808
866
606
87,087
6,618
6.235
6.412
4.617
8.668
6,532
2,064
1,336
655
17.117
3.058
2.609
2.302
2.(H8
1.742
2.831
1.403
636
248
10.020
3.560
8.566
3.030
2.569
1.926
2.701
1.471
700
407
Digitized by VjOOQIC
366
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XK,—PoptdatioH JO years of age and over^ by age^ sex, race, and nativity,
and by Meraey — Continiied.
PROVINCE OP MATANZA8— Continued.
Total f oreiirn white
10 to 14 yean
15 to 19 years
ao to 24 years
25 to29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
!i6 years and over . .
Foreign white males. . .
10 to 14 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Foreign white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Total colored
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Colored males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over ..
Colored females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over ..
TotaL
15.016
285
075
1.836
2,002
1.900
3.394
2.462
1.602
810
11.729
152
474
l.SOB
1.720
1,576
2.809
1,870
1,112
508
3,287
113
201
328
362
824
685
502
480
66,868
10,164
7,908
6.744
6,468
5.484
9,802
8,847
7,160
4,706
82,886
5,161
8,447
2.814
2,804
2,406
4.258
4,866
4,428
2,668
84,017
6,013
4,466
8,030
8.660
8,on»
5,044
3,961
2,727
2.128
Can
neither
read nor
write.
150
263
641
706
608
1,066
028
786
426
3,608
86
164
481
767
644
210
1,886
64
99
160
168
160
289
879
360
216
62,477
6,815
4,827
4,888
4,662
4,484
8,198
8,240
6,811
4,667
26,662
8.404
2.871
1,882
2,028
1,006
8,660
4,466
4,167
2.684
26.025
2,821
2.466
2,446
2,628
2,628
4.634
8,784
2.644
2,088
lS»nreijd|c^,^
*^^^^**^ and write.
147
5
7
20
28
21
80
20
16
6 I
145
2
11
18
10
13
35
27
21
13
1,081
541
485
250
242
148
158
81
46
26
670
218
162
74
80
87
46
36
1.806
186
162
111
107
46
26
17
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
LITEBACY.
367
Table XX, — PoptUcUion 10 years of age and oveVy by age, sex, rac*% and nativity ^
and by literacy — Ck>ntinaed.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Total
10 tol4 years
15 to 19 yean
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
ao to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
05 years and over
Total males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
2Sto29years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over
Total females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total native white
10 to U years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
Native white males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .. ..
Native white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
36 to 44 years tf.
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over
TotaL
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
butitannot
write.
Can read
and write.
180,807
100,518
1.490
28.804
25.453
21.661
404
3,480
20,727
16.aB8
343
4,056
19.805
14,685
208
4.502
16.978
12,617
164
4,197
12,311
9.087
90
8.12H
16,744
11.987
159
4,508
10,176
7,449
06
2.661
5,502
4.245
82
1,235
3.081
69.775
2.546
18
457
51,545
689
17.601
13.043
11.128
17T
1.738
10.174
8,008
137
2.085
9,961
7,238
86
2,637
9.132
6.380
67
2.685
6.871
4.717
89
2,115
9,569
6.268
82
8,229
S'SS
3.022
32
1.948
8,330
2.442
13
884
1.784
1.^
6
820
60,582
48,908
851
10.718
12.410
10.441
227
1,742
10,553
8.326
206
2.081
9,434
7.447
122
1.865
7,846
6,237
97
1.512
5.440
4,370
57
1.018
7.175
5.729
77
1,869
4,274
3.527
84
718
2.163
1.803
19
841
1.237
1.088
12
137
84,345
64,840
986
18,990
18,868
15.228
813
2,827
14.772
11.454
222
8,096
13,258
10,004
180
8,124
11,200
8,800
111
2,789
7,780
5,736
59
1.945
10,071
7,183
82
2.808
5.422
3,918
87
1.467
2.494
1,794
21
679
1,026
758
11
257
42,796
32,184
418
10,199
9.428
7.877
185
1.416
7,195
5.608
94
1.499
6.547
4.878
57
1,612
5,714
4.100
45
1,663
4. OHO
2.923
24
1.113
5.286
3.633
83
1,620
2,783
1,906
15
868
1276
894
7
876
607
365
8
189
41.549
32.185
573
8.791
«»^
7,346
178
1.411
7.577
5.852
128
1.697
6.711
5.126
73
1,512
5.486
4.194
06
1.226
8.679
2.812
85
888
4.785
8.550
49
1,186
2.639
2,012
22
605
1,218
900
14
804
519
803
8
118
: :
Digitized by VjOOQIC
368
BEPOBT ON THE 0KK8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XX*— Population 10 years of age and over^ by age, «eas, race, and nativUy,
and by literacy— ContmoBd.
PBOVmCB OF PINAB DEL RlO-Oontinned.
Total.
Ckn
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
but can not
write.
Can read
and write.
Total forelflrn white —
10 to U years
15 to 19 years
eo to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Foreigrn white males. .
lOtoUyears
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
aoto84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .,
Foreign white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and oyer . .
Total colored
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer . .
Colored males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer..
Colored females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over ..
10.<
115
660
1,402
1,683
1.471
2,432
i,n6
906
400
9,400
80
487
1,263
1,471
1,819
2,184
1,494
782
820
180
162
152
248
126
89
86,886
6.975
6,406
4,785
4,145
8,101
4.241
8.038
2,100
1,586
17.679
8,535
2,482
2,151
1,947
1,482
2.009
1,625
1,281
957
17,747
8.440
2,918
2.584
2,198
1,009
2,142
1,418
819
4,410
619
676
575
907
685
422
8,694
41
201
521
588
492
751
583
821
151
816
83
98
93
83
156
152
101
77
81«784
6,282
4,640
4,002
8,641
2,777
8.897
2,846
2,029
1,500
15,767
8,210
2,199
1,839
1,091
1,802
1,874
1,488
1,227
942
15,967
8.072
2,441
2,228
1,960
1,475
2,0tt
1,868
802
618
106
76 !
4
6
18
8
8
24
8
3
2
30
87
Ul
63
42
28
44
18
7
8
150
248
Digitized by VjOOQIC
UTEBAOY.
869
Table XX.—PoptUation 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity i
and by Tueraoy— Continued.
PBOVmCB OP PtJEBTO PBINCIPB.
Total
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
ao to 24 years
25 to 20 years
ao to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
ao to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 yearn
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total native white
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20to24y««r8
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to44 years
45to54year8
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Native white males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20to24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Native white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35to44year».
45to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
24662 24
Total
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
bat can not
write.
Can read
and write.
63,786
82.440
2,S»
28,818
18,820
8,671
wr
8,062
9,660
4.7U
421
4,618
6,248
2.478
166
8,606
6,100
2.068
188
2.879
5,944
2.640
101
8.113
9,948
4.764
880
4,840
6,791
8,428
210
8.168
4,200
2,188
156
1.866
2,600
1,697
96
897
32,368
17,409
007
14.060
6,863
4,780
840
1.784
4,481
2,684
162
.785
8,121
1,808
00
.758
2,582
1,080
55
,447
2.963
1,365
68
,660
0,208
2,547
100
9.668
1 715
8,538
1,765
88
2,288
1,213
88
987
1,879
882
28
474
81,418
15.061
1,681
14.766
6.457
8,481
448
2,168
6.169
2,177
250
2,788
8.127
1,176
105
1.847
2,618
088
98
1,432
2,981
1,285
133
1.563
4,785
2,217
230
2.288
8.268
1668
157
1,443
1,962
976
118
869
1,211
716
78
428
46.221
23,884
1,700
21.118
10,889
6,907
630
8,262
7.584
8,714
317
8,553
4,470
1.866
105
2,509
8.826
1.440
75
1,810
4,861
1.949
182
2,280
7,166
8,482
206
8,527
4.471
2,168
128
2.180
2,606
1,209
80
1,317
1.860
629
51
680
22,268
12,266
636
9,366
6,612
8,876
284
1,453
8.626
1,908
127
1.401
2.120
974
88
1.108
1,490
712
26
761
2,063
969
82
1,082
3,663
1,802
67
1.694
2,066
1,042
84
980
1,216
608
20
603
614
281
8
825
23,953
11,128
1.078
11,752
5,277
8,122
846
1,80»
4.058
1,716
190
2. 15:5
2,860
882
67
1,401
1.828
728
49
1,049
2,298
960
90
1.248
8.602
1.630
189
1,83J
2,406
1.126
89
1,191
1,390
616
ao
714
746
348
43
353
Digitized by VjOOQIC
370
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XX.—Popidation 10 years of age and over, by age^ •car, raee^ and nativity,
and by literacy — Continaed.
PROVINCK OP PUERTO PRINCIPE-Oaiitlnaed.
TotaL
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
bat can not
write
Can read
and write.
Total f orel«rn white —
10 to U years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
ao to 84 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
05 years and orer ..
Foreigrn white males ..
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer .
Foreign white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer ..
Total colored
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer..
Colored males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
05 years and oyer .
Colored females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
06 years and oyer . .
8,905
108
158
462
675
460
874
080
870
IflO
8,459
65
106
408
686
424
795
604
282
142
506
13,600
2,828
1,913
1.816
1,100
1,184
1,904
1,640
1,224
i.oa
6,641
1,196
847
606
447
486
850
864
730
6,960
1,182
1,066
718
668
048
1,064
776
494
418
1.281
86
28
90
196
148
306
221
151
106
1.067
19
20
81
188
tao
272
170
100
67
224
7,765
969
548
1,027
1,084
4,066
516
248
185
227
478
547
520
584
8.679
702
458
284
247
810
554
487
306
I
4
18
11
19
13
6
1
57
I
1
16 1
10 ^
14 !
8 ,
4 !
1
19
743
104
101
50
02
58
U4
74
70
44
214
520
101
07
86
48
42
86
68
56
80
2.608
•4
ise
368
463
300
550
446
213
8S
8,345
94
87
321
437
27S
500
490
188
74
30
33
47
26
25
41
»
25
8
5,096
843
728
606
768
532
135
2,341
207
297
3S9
249
243
849
306
196
75
2,751
546
309
290
414
130
80
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITERACY.
371
Tabijc XK.'-Poptdation 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity,
and by literacy — Gontiiiaed.
PBOVINOB OP SANTA CLARA.
Total
Cu
neitlier
read nor
write.
Can read
but can not
write.
Can read
and write.
2X9,827
171,805
8,006
100.014
61.841
83,170
2.388
15,788
40,716
28,522
1,604
15.500
84,200
18,922
862
14.426
81.688
17,762
709
12,075
27,880
10,168
664
10,622
48,162
25.025
880
16,347
27,271
18,162
504
8.605
16,618
11,360
278
3,980
8,146
6,880
134
1.682
160.137
01,087
2,780
65. 4U
26,888
17.822
082
7.570
19.231
11,874
668
6,700
]8,146
10,110
282
7,744
17,264
0,873
260
7.631
16,824
8,624
100
6.601
24,614
13,028
271
10,420
16,674
0,060
158
5,532
»,0B8
6.648
54
2,336
4.464
8,665
80
860
120.100
79.868
6,210
44.608
24.968
16.848
1.401
8.200
21.486
U.648
1.046
8.701
16.064
8,808
680
6,681
14.272
8,880
680
6.344
!!'215
7.620
865
4,121
18.688
12.002
600
6.027
11.607
8,173
351
8.078
S'5§9
4,712
224
1,644
8.681
2.764
104
818
160.068
06,282
4.608
68,108
86.484
28.610
1.684
11,331
27,421
15,610
004
10,888
20.207
11,074
464
8.760
17.710
0.860
374
7.476
15,221
8,625
288
6.806
28,814
18.040
470
8.804
12,885
7.122
287
4.076
5'^
8.174
134
2.616
2,427
1,240
58
1,120
79.512
47.011
1.644
80.067
18,775
12.57C
660
6.680
12,686
7,668
317
4.706
0.855
5,406
152
4,207
8,700
4.820
102
8.787
7,861
4,4n
05
8.296
12,077
6.700
181
5.237
6.067
8.863
60
2,534
2,676
1.882
17
1.177
1.016
681
10
476
81.471
46.271
2.060
82.241
17,660
10,043
024
5,702
14,786
7,066
687
6,102
10,442
6,578
802
4,562
0,001
6.040
272
8,688
7,860
4,154
103
8.013
11,287
6,881
880
4,567
6,878
3,760
177
2.442
8,248
1.702
117
1.380
1,411
718
48
646
Total.
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
ao to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 41 years
46to54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and orer .
Tolal males .
10 to 14 years
16 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Total females .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 20 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and oyer .
Total native white.
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Native white males.
10 to 14 years
16 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
80 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Native white females .
10 to 14 years
16 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 20 years
80 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Digitized by VjOOQIC
372
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XX,-^Popuiatum 20 years of age and over, by age^ eex, race^ and nativity^
and bp it<€fwiy">-0ontiinnd.
PBOVINCB OP SANTA GLABA-Ooirtlnaed.
ToteL
Can
neither
reed nor
write.
Can reed
but can not
write.
Can reed
andwrita
Total foreign white .
10 to U years
15 to 19 years
a) to :» years
»to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 54 years
65 years and over .
»,9H
Foreign white males.
10 to 14 years
15 ro 19 years
ao to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 04 years
65 years and over .
Foreign white females .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total colored.
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80to34 years
35 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
66to64 years
65 years and over .
Colored males.
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Colored females .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80to34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
567
1,565
4.«a
5,227
4.826
6,810
8.940
1.621
696
26,068
1,228
4,060
4,572
8.784
6,949
8,868
1,818
489
862
671
665
541
861
572
806
209
68,960
14,840
11.710
0,291
8,609
7, TBS
13,028
10,996
8,173
6,020
46,687
7,278
6,822
4,240
8,968
8,679
6,588
6,849
5,144
2,969
48,418
7,067
6.888
5.051
4.616
4.114
6.440
4.647
8.029
2,061
12.142
1A.»
2.1»
2,162
1.7TB
2,666
1,420
691
824
2,487
2,908
149
4,117
2,417
911
u»m
206
540
1,841
1,800
1,440
2,016
1,049
480
181
2,580
186
188
188
829
560
871
211
148
121
en
2,111
2,n4
1,IH
81
IflB
264
279
196
2»
196
84
61
66,881
8^112
9,807
7.175
6,700
5.760
5,760
10.819
9,620
7.496
4,766
812
218
888
214
126
65
86,864
667
5.040
^El
2.782
2.753
2.704
5.198
5.677
4.786
2,868
m
289
94
109
61
89
66
26
14
80.517
2,126
4,267
8.604
2.927
2.997
8,046
5,121
4,048
2.700
1.906
444
219
218
168
244
168
99
51
19.967
4,266
{898
8,219
2,606
1.896
2,878
1.MB
668
190
9.189
1,919
1.422
1.894
1,1»
910
i.am
10.771
2,8»
2,440
1,965
1.878
916
1.095
449
m
107
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITERACY.
373
Table XX. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, aejc, race, owd nativity,
and by 2t/€raey— Continued.
PBOVIKOB OF SANTIAQO.
Totel.
10 to U years
16 to 19 years
SO to 24 years
21 to 29 years
86 to Si years
86 to 44 years
46 to64 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Total males .
10 to 14 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
89 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Total Cpmales .
lOtoUi
16 to 19 years .
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Total native white .
lOtoUyeMTB
16tolOyeam
20to24yeMrB
26 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
46to64yeavB
66 to 04 years
66 years and over .
Native white males..
10 to 14 yean
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
66 years aod over .
Native white females .
lOtoUi
Utol9y«
20 to 24 ye
ato29ye
39 to 84 ye
li6to44yeaw.
46to64yeaw
66 to 64 years
66 years aod over.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
bntcannot
wHte.
Can read
and write.
288,017
156,678
4,649
76,705
61,904
38.328
1,420
12,101
86,278
22.195
854
13.229
24.856
13.601
4ai
10,454
20,974
12,069
845
8,670
^^W
13,063
srj
8.312
88,736
25.518
5a'i
12.082
23,438
10,390
845
0,710
12,029
9,825
174
8,130
7,864
5.709
101
1.554
U7.976
70.524
1,086
89,707
26,551
20,302
022
6,027
JS'SH?
10,889
818
6,349
12,021
0.021
140
6,254
J9'S?^
6,610
118
4,667
U,066
6,128
133
4,794
19,946
12.207
178
7,660
12,043
7,884
99
4,000
0,161
i.880
48
1,733
8,299
2,558
28
723
120,041
80,149
2,804
87.a»
26.868
18,021
798
0.634
19,772
11,366
636
7,880
12.837
6,880
267
5.200
10,679
6,449
m
3.903
11,282
7,525
289
3,518
18,790
13,811
867
6,122
11,895
8,600
246
2,643
0,468
4.046
126
1397
4,065
8,160
78
831
118,405
74,548
2,002
41.886
28,647
20,447
m
7,429
19,866
11,208
894
7,(i99
12,046
6,454
102
5.429
9,568
6,441
188
8.984
10.886
6,460
128
4.258
18,895
12,049
299
0,617
10,789
6,996
140
8,003
6,509
3,660
70
1.879
2,910
. 1,888
85
987
66.765
86,497
789
19, .'no
14,683
10,825
886
8.620
8.746
6,428
154
3.164
5,727
S»9?I
62
2,578
4,375
l^^
40
1,890
4,958
2,818
82
2,1QH
9,278
6,908
00
8,306
6.264
8,409
88
1,752
2,558
1,691
10
861
1,191
816
7
308
61.780
88,051
1,880
22,849
S'^K
9,022
48B
8,909
10,010
6,885
240
4,535
5'?1S
^SS
110
2,851
6,188
2,996
9B
2.094
6,878
3.682
90
2.160
9,622
6,141
109
8,312
5,485
8,527
lOT
t851
?'S5i
1,809
64
1,028
1,719
1,072
26
019
Digitized by VjOOQIC
874
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18»9.
Table XX.—Poptdation lo years of age and over, hy age, nex, race, and Mitivity,
and by literacy — Continaed.
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO-Continiwd.
Total foreifni white.
10 to U years
15 to 19 yean
ao to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Foreign white males.
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
35 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Foreign white females .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer .
Total colored.
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Colored males.
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Colored females .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25to29years
30 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Total.
12,906
zn
559
1,477
2,189
1,960
8,485
1,975
758
826
11,2
146
397
1.269
1,948
1,749
8.160
1,762
626
241
1,707
126
162
218
241
211
826
218
127
86
106,827
22.966
16,868
10,886
9,227
9.541
16,865
10,724
6,867
4,128
49.928
11,722
7,868
5,066
4.072
4.848
7.512
5.027
2.977
1,867
66.604
11.264
9,000
5,801
5.166
5,196
8,848
5,697
8,890
2,261
Can
neither
read nor
wHte.
Can read
hat can not
write.
4,193
U4
147
427
709
641
1,110
611
278
155
8,870
62
96
887
619
684
968
470
196
100
146
62
90
90
107
162
141
88
66
77,9
17.762
10,785
6,680
5,909
6.662
12.869
8,788
5.487
8.666
86,657
9.415
5.816
3.187
2.646
2.776
5.841
8.945
2.494
1,637
41,276
8,847
6,469
8,488
8,868
8,786
7,018
4,888
2,906
2.020
109
Can read
and write.
2,842
641
460
224
m
219
278
187
92
65
844
281
157
1,496
860
208
141
128
187
188
186
69
60
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITEBACY.
875
Table XX — Population la years of age and ot^er^ by age, sex, rcu^, and nativity,
and by literacy— Continned,
CITY OP CIENnJBQOS.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
wHte.
Can read
bntcannot
write.
Can read
and write.
23,fi00
7,087
834
16.468
8.888
882
262
2,658
8,286
742
100
2888
8,066
657
113
2,286
2.684
665
101
1,828
2,878
717
81
1,575
8.847
1,826
113
2,408
2,860
1.022
58
11278
1,285
620
85
680
708
876
20
81:0
11.881
2,868
842
8.000
1,888
518
118
1.262
1.415
m
60
1.018
1,502
2SSi
84
1.186
1,842
271
84
1,087
1,214
270
28
815
1.863
605
86
1,422
1,178
400
10
768
608
262
8
842
286
188
8
166
12,108
4,188
502
7,878
2.008
468
184
1,406
1,880
414
81
1.876
1,654
375
78
1,100
1.842
884
67
881
1.168
447
62
660
1.884
821
77
866
1,187
622
48
616
682
868
26
S88
412
288
17
157
11,578
2,480
878
8,718
2,880
518
135
1,786
1,820
858
74
1.483
1,688
288
41
1,268
1,227
217
83
977
1,044
285
28
781
1,712
406
34
1.272
828
261
18
648
502
182
8
861
262
68
7
187
5,084
887
128
8,868
1,158
260
64
885
782
141
28
623
702
112
12
578
548
85
7
457
472
78
8
885
717
180
7
580
871
78
1
282
177
84
1
142
86
18
1
76
6,544
1,543
260
4.751
1,231
258
71
801
1,128
212
46
870
881
177
28
665
678
182
26
620
572
156
20
886
885
276
27
682
567
188
17
867
825
86
8
218
167
SO
6
111
Total
10 to 14 years
15 to 18 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 28 years
80to84 years
35to44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total males
10 to 14 years
15 to 18 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80to34 years
86 to 44 years
45to54 years
56 to 64 years
66 years and over
Total females
10 to 14 years
15 to 18 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 28 years
80to84 years
85 to 44 years
45to54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and oyer .
Total natiye white ..
lOtoU years
15 to 18 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 28 years
a0to84 years
85 to 44 years
45to54 years
56 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Natiye white males . . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 18 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 28 years
aoto84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Native white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 18 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 28 years
80to84 years
85to44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Digitized by VjOOQIC
876
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XX. — Population 10 years of age and otier. by age, ttex, race, attd nativity,
and by literacy— Continued.
CITY OP CIENFU£G08--Continaed.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
wrtte.
Can read
bat can not
write.
Can read
and write.
8,4a
690
61
2,775
70
12
4
54
169
15
2
152
459
56
6
807
615
64
18
438
600
102
11
3H9
860
166
13
671
540
106
7
427
fSl7
46
5
166
104
23
81
2,886
892
39
2.434
41
10
1
30
139
10
1
h»
890
87
4
849
446
48
8
894
429
69
8
8S2
716
111
10
595
456
75
8
m
176
27
4
145
74
10
64
681
196
22
841
29
2
24
80
5
24
69
19
48
70
21
44
78
88
37
184
65
76
86
81
60
41
19
21
80
18
17
8.498
4,027
494
3,975
1,432
461
113
886
1,206
374
84
748
1,004
812
66
626
942
374
66
613
827
380
42
406
1,286
764
66
466
802
665
84
208
666
442
21
108
842
285
18
44
8,-482
1.680
174
1,668
688
248
68
887
484
177
40
267
410
138
18
268
848
148
19
186
818
122
18
178
680
264
19
247
847
247
6
94
260
191
it
65
127
110
2
16
5,004
2,897
820
2.287
749
206
60
481
722
197
44
481
694
179
48
867
694
281
86
S
614
258
m
2^
766
490
m
218
645
408
m
109
816
251
17
S
215
175
11
29
Total foreign white ... .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
46to54yeftr8
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Foreign white males .
10 to 14 years
16 to 10 years
20to24year8
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Foreign white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 30 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
15 to 54 years
55 to 04 years ,
65 years and over .
Total colored
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Colored males
lOto 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Colored females
10 to 14 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80to84ye|ir8
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over . .
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITKBACY.
377
Tablb XX.^ Population JO years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity,
and by Itteracy—ConiSnnea,
CITY OF HABANA.
TotaL
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
but can not
write,
Can read
and write.
Total .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
a) to 24 years
25 to 20 years
aotoa4yearfl
as to 44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total malee.
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 20 years
80 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total females .
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
a) to 24 years
^ to 20 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total native white .
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30to34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Native white malee .
10 to 14 years
16 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 20 years
80 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Native white females .
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
90 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
80 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over .
106,870
48,122
23,006
23.310
27.600
26.367
21.082
82.364
10.414
11,066
5.788
108,688
01,888
12.286
12,860
12,485
11.838
0,564
14,502
0,100
6,6«2
8,468
86.700
15.886
14.170
12.404
10,684
8,678
12.488
6,088
3,010
2,007
88,680
7,402
6.268
5,581
4.000
4,046
5,645
2,868
1,407
668
48.160
6,428
4.561
4.808
5,200 I
6,217 '
8,408
6,580
4,885
2.511
20,264
3,218
2,088
2,066
2,367
2,080
3,242
2,577
1,704
27.858
8,206
2.478
2,742
8,002
8,128
5,106
8,053
2,601
1,688
12,680
8,168
1,880
1,548
1,842
1,080
1,604
085
602
317
1,757
1,100
860
883
788
1,130
683
374
105
2,742
744
457
880
800
250
338
189
85
30
1,600
858
618
578
437
572
202 I
180
00 I
7,801
7,064
7,002
6,068
6,784
4,638
6,098 I
4,070 I
2,512 i
1.484 I
1,564
1,041
030
769
662 !
1,082 I
003 I
408 I
227
6,080
1,018
742
528
601
404
270
156
2,670
854
476
268
260
202
803
166
118
868
100
110
76
64
70
81 I
11
8
1,752
491
286
158
184
138
224
126
102
40
137.026
15.816
10.550
21.032
20.2(»
16,082
22,8(r:
12,201
6,297
3,077
70,626
7,738
0,005
12,768
12,358
10,070
14,272
7.458
8,485
1,453
58.400
8,078
0,654
0,164
7,847
6,053
8,635
4,743
2,8(J2
1,624
n,581
11.310
11.706
10.683
0,082
7,387
10,576
6,707
3,214
1,728
88,466
6,430
6,220
4,803
4,251
8,645
4,804
2.545
l,a)7
570
80,116
6,888
6,575
6,880
i,831,
8,842
6,682
1,232
8,007
1,168
Digitized by VjOOQIC
378
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 189ft.
Table XX.— Popt*toh*on 10 years of age and over^ by age, sejr, racey and nativity ,
and by Ittemcy — Ck>ntinned.
CITY OF HABANA-Continned.
Total foreign white
10 to 14 yean
15 to 19 years.
20 to 24 years
26 to20 years
30 to 84 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over ..
Foreign white males. . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Foreign white females
10 to 14 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Total colored
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
35to44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Colored males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80to84 years
85to44 years
46 to54 years
65to64 years
65 years and over ..
Colored females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
aoto84 years
a5to44 years
45to54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over ..
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
wrtte.
Can read
bat can not
wHte.
Can read
and write.
51,623
7,817
1,078
42,733
l,06i
154
46
854
8,689
267
66
8,377
8,051
884
138
7,079
8,770
1,006
170
7,502
7,463
1,125
142
6,196
11,264
1,819
254
9,191
6.454
1.813
151
4.990
8,323
781
77
2.465
1,555
436
40
1,079
40,577
4,008
517
86.057
666
81
22
653
8,118
171
85
2,912
6,791
606
81
6.202
7,192
662
90
6.440
6,972
580
62
6.330
8,854
930
120
7.804
4,788
604
57
4.127
2,285
316
31
1,988
921
151
19
751
11.046
8,814
566
6.676
896
78
24
301
sn
86
20
465
1.260
326
67
m
1,578
486
80
1,082
i;401
545
80
866
2,410
889
184
1.387
i;666
709
94
863
1,088
465
46
527
634
285
21
328
66.448
27,766
4,070
23.612
7,606
8,106
857
8.643
7,460
2,406
668
f?£
7,054
2,428
458
4,170
6,908
2,820
453
8.621
5,841
8,008
889
2.449
8,607
4,085
682
8.040
6.022
4.282
876
1.414
8,824
8,022
184
618
2,181
1,758
103
270
28,825
11,028
1,296
11,004
8.642
1,628
S8
1,755
8,064
1,069
282
1,778
2.842
940
180
1,763
2,988
1,182
134
1.667
2,400
i,or2
124
1.204
8,463
1,740
139
1.574
2,668
1,681
101
786
1,692
1,280
63
360
781
562
17
132
82,128
16,748
2,772
12,606
8.964
1,678
498
1,888
4,306
1,846
436
2.614
4,212
1,486
819
?'i!K
8,970
1,697
819
1,964
8,441
1,931
266
1.245
6,154
8,245
443
1,466
8,454
2.551
275
628
2 132
1.788
181
208
1.400
1,176
86
138
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITEBACy.
379
Table XX. — Population 10 years of age and over,
and by fiteracy— Contlnned.
CITY OF MATAKZA8.
oflTC. «ea:, racsy and nativity^
Total
10 to U years
15 to 19 years ,
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 to 64 years
66 years and oyer
Total males
10 to 14 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over
Total females
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years. ......
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and oyer
Total native white. . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years ,
20 to 24 years
36 to 20 years
80 to 84 years ,
85 to 44 yearn
45 to 54 years-
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Native white males..
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
80 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Native white females
10 to 14 years ,
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
80to84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over ,
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
bntcannot
write.
Can read
and write.
29,046
0,699
1,289
18,068
4.876
1,878
816
3,187
4.187
1,186
268
2,798
8,761
999
156
2.506
8.374
966
143
2.265
2,679
on
102
l.TUO
4,884
1,604
140
2,050
2,908
1.291
99
1,518
1.769
822
63
884
1,128
641
27
460
18.284
4,004
458
8.822
2,843
784
146
1.463
1,787
492
102
1.198
1,671
306
66
1,230
1,470
370
44
1,066
1,243
849
25
869
2,108
596
41
1,464
1,882
470
24
838
867
847
14
606
468
249
6
213
16,762
6.605
881
0,286
2.583
689
170
1.724
2,400
644
161
1.605
2.080
604
100
1,376
1,904
696
99
1,209
1.486
528
77
831
2,281
996
99
1.186
1,676
821
76
680
892
475
89
378
660
892
21
247
16.108
8,980
609
11.669
3.279
817
181
2,281
2,788
666
118
1,964
2,242
629
76
1,637
1,869
457
67
1,355
1.899
860
86
1,013
2.240
668
60
1,612
1,806
888
49
919
667
181
23
613
868
74
9
285
6,781
1,664
219
• 4,898
1.667
440
87
I.OIU
1.124
272
61
801
920
211
27
682
723
182
18
528
605
161
11
433
960
223
19
718
618
113
8
897
260
47
8
210
114
25
89
0,827
2.228
880
6,671
1.712
877
94
1,241
1,614
894
67
1.153
1,822
818
49
955
1,146
276
44
827
804
199
25
580
1,280
846
41
804
788
225
41
522
407
84
20
808
254
48
9
196
Digitized by VjOOQIC
380
REPORT ON THE CENSUfl OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XX,— Population m yean of age and over, by age^ nex^ race, and luUivity,
and by literacy^Contiaued.
CITY OP MATANZAS-Oonkinoed.
Total foreign white —
lOtoUyears
15tol9yewr8
20 to 24 year*
25 to fl» years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over ..
Foreign white males . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over ..
Foreign white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Total colored
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 >ears and over . .
Colored males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
20 to 34 years
35to44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Colored females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and oyer . .
Total.
3,660
47
156
411
709
567
435
246
2.6U
24
116
860
376
880
618
419
284
138
908
28
40
88
94
91
161
168
161
107
9.886
1.660
1,298
1.076
1,006
809
1,376
1,016
667
516
8,888
752
647
401
872
216
Ckaread
read nor i IthSt
write. I "^^
683 I
77
10
16
88
50
45
114
146
148
107
304
Can read
and write.
S,7BS
879
5,086
646
466
431
460
^
807
643
460
2,086
214
164
148
172
310
294
250
186
6.627
798
746
675
664
6ftl
860
680
834
299
3,060
867
802
310
608
618
2B3
2r4
3;
139
3B0
406
360
634
424
272
131
«QB
19
110
3»
333
291
554
348
230
97
48S
IS
29
63
73
68
80
75
42
84
8,«Bf7
106
133
76
88 I
68
a»
15
u
808
860
706
570
504
327
404
175
90
44
1.616
60
61
85 ,
89 !
U
J4
9
404
282
212
195
146
192
27
2.088
466
483
868
9»
182
818
83
38
17
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITERACY.
381
Table XX. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity^
and by foterocy— Continued.
CITY OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Total.
Can
neither
readDor
wrtte.
Can read
bat can Dot
write.
Can read
and write.
19,230
5.026
1,114
13.090
8,219
1.040
302
1,877
^'£g
528
141
1.^
2,006
300
69
1.636
1,626
304
67
1.255
1,839
395
84
1,380
8,079
T92
172
2,115
2.263
707
117
1,430
1,5311
486
103
941
1,021
474
50
488
7,979
2.081
344
5,554
1,515
544
138
833
1,088
245
52
741
847
128
25
696
867
124
17
526
740
136
22
582
1,276
201
42
:)43
902
242
23
637
501
187
16
388
408
186
9
206
11,251
2.945
770
7,536
1,704
496
164
1,0U
1.610
283
89
1,238
1,158
174
44
940
960
180
50
729
1,009
259
62
778
1,803
501
130
1.172
1,361
465
94
8U2
999
299
87
553
618
288
50
280
12.224
2.600
607
9.017
2,344
686
211
1.447
1,840
834
87
1.410
1.233
172
37
1.U34
931
158
23
750
1.178
218
40
920
1,974
408
87
1.479
1,337
3£2
54
961
890
189
48
653
497.
113
30
354
4.645
1.082
200
3,413
1,080
361
05
624
713
158
32
535
464
73
12
379
338
64
5
260
432
71
8
853
764
147
33
504
434
90
13
831
272
46
0
217
148
22
3
123
7,579
1.568
m
407
5,604
1.264
116
833
1,127
176
55
896
769
99
15
655
506
94
18
481
746
147
33
567
1,210
261
64
885
.908
232
41
630
618
143
30
436
349
91
27
2.U
Total.
lOtoUyeani
15 to 19 years
20to24 years
25 to 29 years
ao to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 84 years
66 years and over .
Total males .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
36 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over .
Total females .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
90 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
66 years and over ..
Total native white
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20to24 years
26 to 29 years
80to34 years
36 to 44 years
45to64 years
66to64 years
66 years and over . .
Native white males. . . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
66 years and over ..
Native white females .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 31 years
35 to 44 years
45to54 years
66 to 84 years
66 years and over .
Digitized by VjOOQIC
382
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XX.— Population 10 years of age and over^ by age, sex, race, and ncUivity^
and by literacy — Condnned.
CITY OP PUERTO PRINCIPE-Continned.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
bntcannot
write.
Can read
and write.
Total foreign white..
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80to34years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
1,244
280
84
980
81
61
157
174
182
206
217
180
76
Foreign white males.
10 to 14 years
15tol9years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years....
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
1,061
188
16
46
128
158
122
287
196
100
Foreign white females.
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
183
47
Total colored .
5.762
10 to 14 years
15tol9year8
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35to44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Colored males.
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
844
747
615
521
529
889
709
510
448
2,278
419
279
265
171
186
275
272
219
197
Colored females .
8.489
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45to54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over
425
468
360
360
343
664
487
201
261
2,196
352
194
114
120
163
265
331)
806
182
87
42
35
41
100
111
121
147
170
lor
85
112
283
224
144
12
473
122
851
29
61
130
143
103
207
160
95
44
856
15
46
116
127
94
187
152
70
40
124
14
15
23
15
9
20
8
16
4
3,006
401
489
463
8B3
887
428
818
103
90
1,285
194
172
201
180
185
162
154
92
45
207
287
164
101
45
Digitized by VjOOQIC
LITEBACY.
383
Table XX.-— Population 10 years of age and over, by age^ sex, raoe^ and nativity,
and by literacy— Continued.
CITY OP SANTIAGO.
ToUl.
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
bat can not
write.
Can read
and write.
84.478
10.527
1,109
22.842
6.0e8
2.082
872
8.624
5,071
1.068
177
8,826
8,815
757
76
2.982
8.004
851
89
2.604
8.7W
1.062
105
2.550
5,862
1,083
141
8.788
8.500
1,442
89
2.060
1,832
885
39
908
900
607
21
441
15,060
4,266
429
10,981
2.870
1.078
169
1,632
2,210
668
75
1.567
1,760
823
28
1,409
1,727
874
33
1.320
1,778
386
40
1.852
2,748
667
46
2.030
1,560
463
24
1,082
683
248
10
425
817
149
4
164
18,812
6,271
680
11.861
8,149
954
208
1.992
2,861
500
102
2.259
2,065
484
48
1,573
1,877
477
56
1,344
1.929
666
65
1,198
8,119
1,266
9i
1,758
2.021
979
65
977
1.149
687
29
483
662
368
17
277
11.602
1.526
236
9,840
2,281
462
120
1.099
1,887
178
88
1,671
1.824
106
9
1,209
1,096
102
10
983
1,145
184
11
1,000
1.809
275
27
1,567
1,128
156
16
956
567
70
5
482
806
48
203
4.884
684
100
4,100
1.099
250
58
791
806
95
21
692
570
53
6
511
448
40
2
401
461
87
8
421
783
93
7
683
400
43
2
855
184
11
1
172
86
12
74
6.768
892
186
6.740
1.182
212
62
908
1,079
88
17
079
754
58
8
696
662
62
8
582
684
97
8
579
1.086
182
20
884
728
118
14
601
888
50
4
320
220
81
188
Total
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 2i years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total males
10 to 14 years
iJKto 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years ,
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total native white. . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years... .
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and oyer
Katire white males. .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and oyer
Natiye white females
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 28 years
30 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
S to 54 years
to 64 years
65 years and oyer ,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
384
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XX. — Population 10 years of age and ovevy by age, sex, race^ and nativity
and by hfercujj^— Continued.
CITY OP SANTIAGO-Continaed.
Total foreign white . . . .
lOtoU years
15 to 19 years
»toW years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
86 to 41 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Foreign white males. . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Poreiern white females.
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Total colored
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over. . .
Colored males
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . . .
Colored females
10 to 14 years .
15 to 19 years
20to24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over. . .
ToUL
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
but can not
write.
Can read
and write.
3,277
614
53
2, (HO
88
22
4
62
216
17
8
196
408
67
0
330
572
107
8
457
494
106
10
378
8t21
161
13
648
461
90
6
365
151
20
3
119
71
15
1
55
2,711
452
33
2,226
48
6
1
86
168
10
1
• 142
825
43
4
278
479
86
7
388
I 428
81
5
837
705
126
9
570
406
69
4
835
125
22
1
102
60
9
1
40
! «.
162
20
884
45
10
3
20
63
7
2
54
78
24
2
62
83
21
1
71
71
25
6
41
116
86
8
TO
53
21
2
30
26
7
2
17
21
6
15
19,509
8,387
820
10,802
i 3,650
1,548
2(8
1,863
2,968
873
136
1,950
2,088
58i
61
1,443
1.937
612
71
1,224
2,068
812
84
1.172
3,172
1,497
102
1,573
2,001
1,196
67
738
1,114
786
81
297
693
449
20
123
8.121
3,170
296
4.656
1,737
822
110
806
1,249
468
53
733
865
227
18
680
805
248
24
633
894
268
82
594
1,255
448
80
777
761
851
18
392
374
215
8
151
181
128
8
50
11,478
6.217
524
5,737
1,922
726
138
1.068
1.719
410
88
1.226
1,223
867
43
823
1.182
894
47
691
1.174
544
%
678
1,917
1,040
790
1,240
845
49
• 840
740
571
23
140
411
821
17
78
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
385
Table XXI. — School attendance by months^ with aca?, ctgrc, and race.
CUBA.
Total.
1 month
2to3
4to5
6to7
8 months
or leas.
months.
months.
months.
or more.
87,885
6,708
15,702
15,742
21,711
28,077
688
97
195
141
118
182
39.876
3,655
8,250
7,395
9,358
11,218
43,836
2,767
6,741
7,652
11,175
16,091
8,488
156
450
600
921
1,321
612
28
66
64
139
816
44,503
3,309
8,083
7,999
10,864
14,296
808
41
84
57
67
64
20,115
1,820
4,208
3,742
4.718
6,632
21,466
1,840
8,405
8,827
5,899
7,495
3,116
89
298
324
578
832
603
19
43
49
117
275
43,432
8.394
7,660
7.743
10,847
13,779
380
56
111
84
61
68
19,761
1,835
4,047
8,653
4,640
5,586
21,860
1.427
8,336
3,725
6,776
7,696
1,322
67
152
266
348
489
109
9
23
15
22
40
62,063
4,151
9,781
10.509
15,689
21.953
501
69
135
96
93
100
28,127
2,234
5,229
4,971
6,849
,?'2i*
30,286
1,717
4,062
4,965
7,91^
11,639
2,664
111
807
428
714
1,094
516
20
48
50
121
277
82,132
2,055
5,140
5,504
8,005
11,428
217
25
58
39
48
52
14.430
1,130
2,727
2,568
3,607
J'SS
16,356
828
2,114
2,625
8,884
5,905
1,701
60
210
244
467
720
428
12
31
88
104
248
20,951
2,006
4,641
5,005
7,684
10,525
284
44
77
56
50
67
13,607
1,104
2,502
2,413
8,842
f'S?
14,929
889
1,948
2,340
4,028
5,724
953
51
97
184
247
874
88
8
17
12
17
84
1,134
56
162
201
276
438
19
8
8
5
2
1
440
27
75
95
96
1*1
558
21
08
82
146
241
76
3
5
15
21
82
41
2
6
4
11
18
617
35
84
112
149
237
8
2
1
3
1
1
240
21
86
60
64
80
277
8
38
46
69
117
58
2
5
10
14
22
39
2
5
4
11
17
517
21
78
89
m
202
11
X
7
2
1
200
6
40
46
42
67
281
13
30
87
77
124
23
2
1
6
7
10
1
1
24,718
2,496
5,750
5,032
6,746
6,665
163
25
52
41
28
22
11,309
1,394
2,946
2,329
2,413
2,287
12,483
1,029
2,611
2,506
3' ill
^'?S
706
42
138
147
186
195
55
6
12
10
7
20
Total
Under 5 years
6to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total males
Under 5 years
5to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years ,
18 years and over .
Total females
Under 5 years
5 to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years ,
18 years and over .
Total native white
Under 5 years
5to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Native white males
Under 6 years
5to9 years
10 to 14 years
15tol7 years
18 years and over .
Native white females.
Under 5 years
5to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total foreign white. ..
Under 5 years
6to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Foreign white males . . .
Under 5 years
6to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Foreign white females
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total colored
Under 5 years
6to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
2466^
-25
Digitized by VjOOQIC
386
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXI. — School attendance by months^ leith 9ex, age, and race — Contiiraed.
CCJBA-Conttaued-
Colored males
Under 5 years
5to9year8
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
Colored females
Under 5 years
5to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
Total.
Under 5 years
5to9 years
lOtoli years ; 14.462
16 to 17 years " """^
18 years and over
Total males .
Under 5 years
6to9 years
10 to 14 years
16 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total females .
Under 6 years
5to9 years
10 to 14 years
16 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total native white —
Under 5 years
6to9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Native white males.
Under 5 years
6to9 years
10 to 14 years
16 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Native white females.
Under 6 years
6to0year8
10 to 14 years
16 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total foreign white. . .
Under 6 years
6to9 years
10 to 14 years
16 to 17 years ..
18 years and over .
TotaL
1 1 month
orleesL
2to3
months.
4to6
months.
6to7
months.
Smontiu
or mare.
11.754
1.219
2.809
2,883
2,710
2.633
78
6.446
5,833
862
86
14
669
604
27
6
25
1.441
1.253
88
7
15
1,134
1.167
70
7
13
1,167
1.446
92
2
II
1.CU
1,473
«l
15
12,964
1.277
2, MO
2,649
3.086
1 3.062
1 «».w*
85
5.864
6.660
846
19
11
725
525
16
1
27
1.605
1,858
56
6
26
1,196
1.848
77
3
10
1.256
i,«n
94
6
11
1,183
i;748
105
5
1
►VINCE OP HABANA.
1
i 30,873
1,716
4,488
4.928
7,080
12.667
' 376
14,276
14:462
1 857
61
958
663
29
14
90
2,407
1,824
141
28
80
2,413
35
66
3,158
3.426
865
71
90
6,345
658
m
1 16,178
b67
2,404
2,671
3,668
6,668
172
7,271
7,484
940
811
23
482
384
21
7
87
1,238
1,002
• 119
18
84
1,243
1,185
130
29
84
1,602
1,784
238
60
44
2,n6
'-^
197
14.605
848
2.064
2,352
3.412
5,990
204
7.005
6.978
462
46
28
476
829
8
7
63
1,179
822
22
8
46
1.170
1,021
100
6
31
1,661
1.692
127
11
46
2,69
3,U4
196
14
28,602
1.201
8,078
8,608
6,419
10,301
1 801
i 10,028
' 10,909
1 1.163
806
39
092
439
21
10
67
1,698
1,207
94
17
68
1,768
1,649
191
27
61
2,428
2,667
811
67
76
4,847
5.147
546
186
12,627
696
1,669
1,897
2,889
6,526
127
5,628
6,712
792
268
14
844
220
29
874
677
78
11
23
916
831
106
22
26
1,248
1,305
208
67
35
2.252
2,679
386
174
11.065
605
1.409
1,698
2.580
4.775
164
6,295
6,197
371
88
25
848
219
7
6
88
819
630
16
6
36
853
718
85
6
25
1.180
1.262
108
10
41
2.095
2,468
110
11
733
29
97
138
165
3M
16
808
339
61
2
15
10
1
1
7
47
37
3
8
6
68
60
12
8
1
62
86
13
8
1
111
156
»
14
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
387
Tabus XXI. — School attendance by monilis^ with aex, age, and race — Continned.
PROVINCE OP HABANA--Contlnaed.
TotaL
1 month
or less.
2to3
months.
4 to 6
months.
6 to 7
months.
8 months
or more.
PrypAiflm white mfllfW .
899
19
48
73
88
in
TTnd4»r ft yearn. ^. .
8
159
172
38
22
2
12
3
1
1
1
22
20
3
2
3
32
27
8
3
1
31
43
10
3
I
5to9 yoATS..... - --.
62
iOtoliyeara
79
15 to 17 years
16
18 yearn and over
13
Poreign white femalen
834
;o
49
65
77
188
TTnder 6 years.
8
144
167
13
2
6
25
17
2
86
23
4
5 to 9 years .
8
7
81
43
3
49
iOtoll years
77
15 to 17 years
6
18 years and oyer
i
1
Total colored . .
0,548
485
1,313
1,192
1.486
2,062
Under 6 years
09
8,060
3.214
188
27
3,252
10
251
214
7
8
16
667
580
44
6
17
577
567
36
5
13
668
773
41
1
13
5to9 years
887
IOtoll years
1,090
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
60
12
Colored males
2S2
687
601
741
971
Under 5 years ... .
37
1.484
1,000
110
21
7
126
111
6
2
7
332
305
38
5
8
296
277
16
4
7
328
386
20
8
5 to 9 years
402
lOto 14 years
521
15 to 17 years
30
18 years and over
10
Colored females
3,296
238
626
591
755
6
340
387
21
1
1,091
Under 5 years
32
1,566
1,614
78
6
3
125
108
1
1
9
386
275
6
1
9
281
280
20
1
5
5to9 years
485
10 to 14 years
569
15 to 17 years
30
18 years and orer
2
PROVINCE OP MATANZAS.
Total.
Under 5 years
5to9years
10 to 14 years
15 tol7 years
18 years and oyer .
Total males .
Under 5 years
5to9years
10 tol4 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and oyer .
Total females .
Under 5 years
5to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total native white.
Under 5 years
ftto9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
14.688
1.508
2,748
2,527
3,H82
4.088
58
12
15
8
9
9
6,645
824
1,454
1,188
1,598
1,581
7.293
617
1,173
1,229
2.061
2,223
649
47
91
98
206
207
53
3
10
4
18
18
7,117
718
1,318
1,200
1.868
1.963
18
5
1
4
4
4
8,306
405
606
625
796
783
3,415
282
558
575
039
1,061
340
28
54
52
115
96
38
3
7
4
U
9
7,676
785
1.425'
1,207
2,014
2,085
86
7
14
4
5
5
8.889
419
766
568
803
798
3,878
335
615
654
1.112
1,162
809
24
87
46
91
HI
15
3
3
9
9,496
792
1,511
1,508
2,712
2,972
29
5
11
3
5
6
4,198
408
790
721
1.115
1.164
4,736
346
641
704
1,421
l,«S4
484
31
61
77
158
162
48
2
8
3
18
17
Digitized by VjOOQIC
388
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablk XXI. — School attendance by months^ with aex, <Mge, and race— Cootinned.
PROVINCE OP MATANZAft-Contiiined.
TotaL
4,728
10
2.137
2.276
272
83
4,767
1 month
or less.
382
2to8
months.
4to5
months.
6 to 7 8 months
months, or more.
Native white males
730
794
1.852
1,470
I'nder 5 yean
8
201
160
16
2
1
385
301
1
2
309
345
46
8
2
564
678
98
15
2
5 to 9 years ... -.-
568
in to 14 yMirs ...
792
15 to 17 years
80
18 years and over
8
Native white femalee
410
781
714
1,360
1.5(6
Under 5 years
19
2,081
2,460
212
15
2
207
186
15
10
405
340
23
3
1
82S
350
32
3
561
748
60
8
3
5 to 9 years
576
10 to 14 years
83!
15 to 17 years
8S
18 years and over
9
Total foreign white
m
8
18
16
82
20
Under 5 years
3
ao
46
8
2
1
5
1
1
1
3
8
I
11
16
4
5 to 9 years
6
9
1
5
lOto 14 years
12
15 to 17 years
2
18 venrs and over
1
1
.......
Foreign white males
41
4
8
7
14
8
Under 5 years ..^^
5 to 9 years
21
17
1
2
4
2
5
4
3
8
5
1
8
10 to 14 years
4
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
1
I
Foreign white femalfw . ,
48
3
9
29
7
4
5
9
18
12
Under 5 years
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
8
11
8
5 to 9 years
2
6
1
2
10 to 14 years
8
15 to J 7 years
2
18 years and over ....
Total colored
M09
708
1.219
i.ons
1.138
1.046
Under 5 years
21
2,417
2.511
157
3
6
411
270
15
1
3
661
524
30
1
6
461
516
20
1
8
472
614
49
4
5 to 9 years
412
lOtoUyeart*
507
15tol7 years
43
18 years and over . ....
Colored males
2,348
8
1,148
1,122
67
3
332
580
459
GOB
475
Under 5 years
2
200
122
7
1
2
222
227
7
1
2
223
256
21
2
5to9year8
311
252
16
1
192
10 to 14 years
206
15 to 17 years
16
18 years and over ...
Colored females
2,761
3n
4
211
148
8
639
3
350
272
14
644
636
m
Under 5 years
13
1,280
1,889
90
8
289
289
18
1
249
3S6
28
2
5 to 9 years -.
220
lOtoHyears
8SS
16 to 17 years
27
18 years and over
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL. RIO.
Total
Under 5 years . .
5 to 9 years
10 to U years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
3,412
12
1,643
1,662
92
13
268
157
108
8
5
348
220
10
465
206
17
853
4
426
399
20
4
719
42
9
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
889
Table XXL — School attendance by months^ with «ea?, age^ and race — Continned.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RlO-Continued.
Total
1 month
or less.
2 to 3
months.
4to5
months.
6 to 7
months.
8 months
or more.
Total males
1,790
186
806
262
438
&55
Under Syears
6
853
855
66
10
2
185
113
8
3
130
111
8
1
214
308
13
8
414
5 to 9 years
85
48
3
239
10 toU years
15 to 17 years
375
34
18 years and oyer
7
208
•
Tot^l f««iiiftl<^
1,622
132
275
508
Under 6 years
6
790
797
20
3
3
163
107
2
3
212
191
7
1
6 to 9 years
72
60
99
95
9
244
lOtoU years
844
15 tol7 years
8
18 years and over
2
Total natiy^ white
2,638
207
419
835
660
1.017
Under 6 years. ... ..
9
1,261
1,278
80
10
4
253
1
165
154
15
4
329
307
16
4
5 to 9 years _
10 to 14 years
119
86
8
895
577
15 to Ir years
89
18 years and oyer
6
Natly^^ whItA mnXtm ... .
1.432
112
233
190
350
647
Under 5 years.
3
670
AGO
61
8
1
139
86
7
1
94
88
7
1
173
163
10
3
6to9 years
68
41
3
196
lOtoU years
812
15tol7vears
84
18 years and over
5
Katiye white female
1.206
95
186
145
310
470
Under 5 years
6
601
588
19
2
3
114
60
3
156
144
6
1
5 to 9 years
51
44
7i
66
8
199
lOtoU years
265
15 to 17 years
5
18 years and over ...................
1
Total forftlgn whit^ ....
26
2
5
2
9
8
Under 5 years
1
5 to 9 years...... ...-.
15
11
4
1
2
6
3
3
10 to U years
2
5
15 to 17 years .......
18 years'and over
Foreign white males
16
1
2
8
5
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
'I
1
2
6
2
2
10 to 14 years
3
15 to 17 years .
18 years and over
Foreimi white females
10
2
4
1
3
Under 5 vckam ....
1
5 to 9 years
4
6
3
1
1
]0tol4 years
15 to 17 years
2
1
2
18 yeani and over . .
1
Total colored
748
60
159
118
184
228
Under 5 years
8
867
863
12
8
1
91
64
8
2
62
52
2
5 to 9 years I...
88
21
91
89
4
85
10 to U years
137
15 to 17 years
8
18 years and over ^... ^
8
Colored males
842
24
74
00
81
103
UnderSyears ,
3
172
160
5
2
1
45
27
1
2
84
23
1
1
6 to 9 years
17
7
35
43
8
41
10 to 14 years
00
15 to 17 years ,
18 years and oy^r
2
Digitized by VjOOQIC
390
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OK CVBA, 1899.
Tablk XXL — School attendattee bp months, trith ««r, age, and race — Gontmned.
PBOVmCE OF PINAB DEL RlO-Oootlniied.
Colored females .
Under 6 years
5to9years
10 to U years
15 to 17 years
18 years and oyer .
T6tal.
196
1 month I 2 to 8 4 to 5
or less, inwntlia. nwnths.
58
21-1
14 I
46
8 to 7 |8 motttliB
months.
lOB
12S
56 .
46
1
44
77
8
1
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Total . . . ...
4,398
306
767
792
1,872
1,162
Under 5 years -....
15
2,181
2.116
78
13
8
151
147
8
1
2
441
817
6
1
4
416
868
16
8
3
688
678
24
5
8
5 to 0 years . .................
511
10 to 14 years
621
15 to 17 years
24
18 years and over
8
Total males r , .
2,225
m
883
802
674
606
Under 5 years
5
1,108
1,069
47
11
2
87
79
2
1
1
840
813
16
4
2
5 to 9 years . .
215
162
5
1
196
186
9
2
866
iO to l'4 years
319
]5tol7years
15
18 years and over -
8
Total females .
2,178
184
884
400
606
557
Under 5 years
10
1,078
1,««7
26
2
1
64
68
1
2
286
155
1
4
221
167
7
1
2
822
865
8
1
1
5 to 9 years
245
10 to 14 years
aue
15 to 17 years
9
18 years and oyer
Total natiye white
8,601
240
580
622
1,148
1,010
Under 5 years. .... .
14
1,779
1.738
61
9
2
121
115
2
2
348
281
8
1
4
880
278
14
2
8
660
669
24
8
3
5to9years
435
10 to 1^ years
651
15 to 17 years
18
18 years and oyer
3
Native white males
1,806
183
208
806
500
517
Under 5 years
4
892
864
80
9
1
72
59
1
1
281
269
16
8
2
5 to 9 years
170
119
3
1
149
145
9
2
220
10 to 14 years
282
15 to 17 years
10
18 years and over
8
Native white females
1,793
107
287
817
689
483
Under 5 years
10
1
2
4
2
1
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
887
874
22
49
66
1
178
112
181
127
5
200
810
8
215
15 to 17 years
269
18 years and over.
8
■■*
Total foreiini white
42
5
9
8
12
18
Under 6 years
!
5 to 9 years
7
31
8
1
2
2
1
1
7
1
1
2
1
10
2
lOto 14 years
10
15 to 17 years
1
18 years and oyer
1
Foreign white nial4w. . ..
27
4
7
2
5
9
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
5
18
8
1
1
2
1
1
5
1
1
1
2
10 to 14 years
4
I
6
15 to 17 years
1
18 years and over
-
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
391
Tabur XXI. — School attendance by monttis, with «ea?, age, and race?— Continued.
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PBINCIPE-Continaed.
j Total.
1 month
or less.
2to8
months.
4to5
months.
6to7
months.
8 months
or more.
Foreiflfn white females i
15
1
2
1
7
4
TTnder 6 Tflani
i
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
2
13
1
1
6
2
1
4
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
1 ,
Total colored .
755
60
178
167
211
139
Under 6 vears
1
395
347
9
3
1
28
30
5 to 9 yeM*s
97
1
85
79
2
I
iii
99
74
10 to 14 years
60
15 to 17 years
5
18 years and over ■,
I
1
Colored rnal^Mi. , . ,
390
34
83
85
100
79
Under 5 Tears
1
206
177
5
I
1
14
18
6 to 9 years
44
38
1
45
40
50
60
44
10 to 14 years
31
16 to 17 years
4
18 years and OTer
i
Colored females
365
26
95
82
102
60
Under 5 yearn
5 to 9 years
180
170
4
2
14
12
53
41
1
40
39
8
1
52
49
30
10 to 14 years
29
15 to 17 years
1
18 years and OTer
1
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA.
Total
20.3til
2.039
4,124
3,640
4.404
6,186
Under 5 yearn
134
8,763
10,578
724
ire
. _
23
1,078
876
55
7
49
2,057
1,887
119
12
27
1,680
1,837
,01
17
1,821
2.302
151
23
18
5 to 9 years
2.227
lOtoU years
3.686
15 to 17 years
296
18 years and oTer
66
Total malew
. 10,215
1.006
2.164
1.818
2.160
3.075
Under 5 years
63
4.425
5.208
439
85
8
528
437
29
6
81
1,090
968
66
9
7
792
061
54
4
9
918
1.107
105
21
8
5to9 years
1,007
10 to 14 years
1.740
15to 17 years
186
18 years'and orer
46
Total females ,
10.066
1.081
1.970
1,731
2.244
3.110
Under 5 years
71
4,338
5.375
285
17
15
550
439
26
1
18
967
929
1
20
788
876
47
8
903
1.285
46
2
10
5to9 years
1.130
10 toll years
1.846
15 to 17 years
113
18 Tears and OT©r . .
11
Total natiTe white
14,014
1.239
2,667
2.420
3,119
4,660
Under 5 years
84
6.998
71302
546
89
16
636
540
41
6
30
1.297
1.137
03
10
12
1,058
1.202
63
4
12«
1,305
1,670
114
18
14
6 to 9 years :
1.697
lOtoll years
2,663
15 to 17 years
236
18 years and OTer
51
I^ntive white males
7,241
616
1.300
1.202
1,563
2,381
Under 6 years, ^.^ a ..^
41
3,062
3,706
356
76
5
316
270
20
5
18
700
608
66
8
6
532
715
86
4
6
659
785
86
17
7
5to9 years ...
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and oyer ,
846
1,328
158
42
Digitized by VjOOQIC
392
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XXL—School cUtendance by month*, with mx, age, and rao^— ContixraecL
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA-^Vrntiniied.
TotaL
1 month
or lees.
2to3
months.
1 4to5
months.
6to7
monthf.
8 months
or more.
Nftt1vf» wh1t4f ff^midiw
«.778
623
1.168
1.137
1,566
2,2^9
Under 6 yeftra.. ............ ......
43
2.981
3,606
190
13
11
330
270
21
1
12
588
629
37
2
7
528
5T7
27
6
646
885
28
7
6 to 9 years
8S1
]OtoU yean
i,8e
i5tol7 years
77
18 years and over
9
Total foreign white
136
9
23
19
as
68
Under 5 vears . .....
5 to 9 years
45
76
9
6
4
4
12
10
7
10
2
10
17
8
2
12
iOto 14 years
86
16tol7 years
4
18 Tears and over .......
1
i
2
Frtrelgrn white male*
74
5
14
15
17
1 a
Under 5 years
..J
5 to9 years
26
36
6
6
3
1
7
6
5
1
5
1
2
6
lUtoli years
15 to 17 years
18
2
18 years and over
i
1
2
Foreign white females
62
4
9
4
15
80
Under 5 years
1 L....
5 to 9 years
19
40
8
1
3
5
4
2
2
5
9
1
6
10 to 14 years
22
16 to 17 years
2
18 years and oyer
Total colored
6,151
791
1.534
1.101
1,253
1,472
Under Syears
60
2,725
3.200
160
7
7
438
332
14
19
;48
740
26
1
15
515
536
86
5
606
706
34
8
4
6 to 9 years.. '..
518
10 to 14 years
888
15 to 17 years
99
18 years and over
3
Colored males
2,900
387
741
511
600
sn
Under 6 years -
22
1.337
1,461
n
3
3
200
166
•9
13
374
344
10
2
255
238
16
3
254
314
17
2
1
5to9 years
245
lOtoU years
899
15 to 17 years.
25
18 years and over
1
f!oiorA4l females . .
3,251
404
798
590
063
801
Under 5 years
6 to 9 years
28
1,388
1,730
02
4
4
220
166
6
i
16
1
13
200
297
20
2
252
391
17
1
3
2<3
lOtol* years ...
16 to 17 years
18 years and over
489
81
2
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
Total.
Undez5year8
5to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Tolal males .
Under 5 years —
5 toOyears.
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over.
14.258
873
2,997
3.406
4,120
2,772
08
8
34
19
20
12
6,368
487
1.543
1,660
1,608
i.on
7.225
356
1.320
1,771
2,2»
1.6*;
498
19
83
119
156
i»
74
3
17
18
18
18
6,978
400
1,466
1.706
2,055
1,842
39
3
13
9
8
6
3,167
233
787
757
849
531
3,460
160
612
850
1,098
721
284
11
46
71
86
TO
48
2
8
10
14
14
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 393
Tablb XXI. — School attendance by months^ unth sex, age, and race— Contirned.
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO-Oontinued.
Total.
1 month
or less.
2 to3
months.
4 to5
months.
6 to7
months.
8 months
or more.
Totnl f ATnal^ff
7,280
464
1,531
1,790
2.065
1,430
Under 5 yean
54
8.211
8.776
214
26
5
254
196
8
1
21
756
708
37
9
10
812
912
48
8
12
849
1,131
69
4
6
StoQyean
10 to U yean
540
828
15 to 17 yMn
62
18 VMUTB and ov©p
4
Total natlTe white
8.743
472
1,626
2.022
2,630
2,003
Under 6 yt an .-
74
3,973
4,322
320
54
7
258
192
13
2
21
853
691
49
12
17
929
994
08
14
18
1,127
1,378
96
11
11
5 to 9 yeai s
806
10 to 14 ycirs
1,067
15 to 17 years
94
18 years and oyer.....
15
l^AtlvA wh^U^ malef
4.396
216
•816
l,Oc»
1,351
987
UnderSyears.
32
2.041
2.108
181
34
2
129
78
6
1
9
450
323
28
6
8
469
.•501
41
7
9
6
6 to 9 years
406
lOtoUyears
612
15 to 17 years
52
1« yenrn and over .
11
Native white females
4,347
256
810
996
1,279
1,006
Under 5 yearn. ...... ....... .....
42
1,932
2,214
139
20
5
129
114
7
1
12
403
388
21
6
9
460
493
27
7
11
640
684
42
2
5
5 to 9 years
400
10 to 14 years ;
655
Wto 17 years
1ft yeftrw and over. ...... ..
42
4
Total fnr^ign whlt4»
108
3
15
23
26
41
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
40
55
5
8
1
2
8
5
1
1
11
11
6
14
1
5
14
10 to 14 years
15tol7years
23
8
18 years and over.
1
1
Forel^ white males
60
3
6
15
17
21
Under5years
6 to 9 years
18
29
5
8
1
2
2
2
1
1
6
6
4
7
1
5
9
5
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
12
8
18 vears and over .
1
1
Foreiflfn white females
48
9
10
20
Under 5 ycMirs . *
1
5 to 9 years
22
26
6
3
5
5
2
7
9
10 to 14 years
11
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
t
Total colored
5,407
• 398
1.356
1,461
1,464
738
Under 5 years ......
19
2,355
2.848
173
12
1
228
162
6
1
13
682
624
83
4
2
629
766
51
8
2
565
837
58
2
C87
1
5 to 9 years
into 14 years
251
450
15 to 17 years
26
18 years and over
2
Colored males
2,522
190
644
667
;m
Under 5 years..... ...
1.096
1.813
98
6
1
103
80
6
1
4
335
287
'I
1
282
352
30
2
1
268
397
31
5 to 9 years
120
10 to 14 years
197
15 to 17 yearn
15
18 years and over
2
Colored females ...
2,885
208
712
784
777
404
Under 5 years
12
1,267
1,535
75
6
125
82
1
9
3*7
337
16
3
1
347
414
21
1
1
307
440
27
2
1
5 to 9 y«ars......
131
10 to 14 years
262
15 to 17 years
18 vears and over .......... .
10
Digitized by VjOOQIC
394 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXL—Schod attendance by months^ uHth 9ex, age^ and race — Ccmtmii6d.
CITY OP CIENFUBGOS.
TV)taL
1 month
or leea
2 to8
months.
4 to5
months.
6to7
months.
8 months
or more.
Total
8,882
258
622
m
775
1,484
Under 5 years
25
1.662
1,992
150
18
1
127
in
9
6
821
277
17
1
5
887
829
6
833
411
22
3
7
5 to 9 years
5S4
10 to U years
85i
16to 17 years
80
18 years and over
9
1.869
108
881
286
872
7»
Under 6 Tears . ...................
18
805
961
92
8
1
52
61
4
4
179
137
10
1
4
168
191
12
2
4
6 to9 yewTS T,..r.,,
151
124
11
200
10 to 14 years
448
16 to 17 years
18 ▼earn and over . .,
55
5
Total females
1.963
150
201
407
403
712
Under ft Tears ................*^rT.T
12
847
1,041
58
5
2
142
140
7
5
186
205
U
2
ITO
220
10
1
8
5 to 9 yei^s...... .......... --
75
70
6
274
10 to 14 years
406
15 to 17 years
25
18 Tears and OTer . . — ....
4
Total natlTe white
2,482
161
867
419
510
1,085
Under 5 Tears .. . ......
18
1,081
i.2n
106
9
4
196
167
12
1
8
204
198
14
6
236
254
13
1
6
6 to 9 years
88
72
6
886
10 to 14 years
SBO
15 to 17 years
58
18 Tears and over - -.,-^t-
7
NatiTe white males
1,245
66
206
ISO
248
567
Under 5 years
9
627
629
73
7
2
m
80
10
1
4
116
118
9
1
3
6 to 9 years
84
81
1
84
68
7
181
10 to 14 years
88S
15 to 17 years
46
18 Tears and OTer
5
NativA white femaW . .
1.237
95
162
200
262
4S8
Under 5 Tears - , , , ^ , , ,
9
564
642
80
2
2
81
77
2
8
120
180
7
2
120
130
4
2
5 to 9 yeM*s
49
41
5
184
lOtoHvetirs
258
15tol7years'
12
18 Tears and OTer ...............
2
Total foreign white. n.......
42
2
7
6
6
21
Under 6 years
6 to 9 years.......... ..
14
26
2
8
4
2
8
1
1
5
8
10 to 14 years
2
12
15 to 17 Tears
I
18 years and OTer
Foreign white males
20
8
8
4
10
Under 5 years.................
6 to 9 years
7
11
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
8
4
10 to 14 years
5
15 to 17 Tears . ..
1
18 years and oTer
Poreiflm white females
22
2
4
3
2
11
Under 5 Tears
6 to 9 Tears ......
7
16
2
2
1
2
4
10 to 14 years
2
2
7
15 to 17 Tears
18 Tears and OTer
Total colored
1,806
95
248
268*
260
488
Under 5 Tears.
7
557
695
45
4
1
44
47
8
2
125
116
5
2
181
128
7
8
5 to 9 years
96
152
9
2
161
10 to 14 Tears
2S2
15 to 17 years
21
18 Tears and OTer
2
—
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
395
Tablb ZXI.— Sc^oo/ attendance by months, jcith sex, age, and race— Continued.
CITY OP CIKKFUEOOS-ConUnued.
Total.
1 month
or less.
42
2to3
months.
4to6
months.
6to7
months.
8 months
or more.
ColorfMl males . -
604
123
124
120
106
Under 5 years
4
271
311
17
1
1
18
20
8
2
66
56
1
5 to 9 years -
66
66
3
46
70
3
1
75
lOtoUyears
111
16 to 17 years
8
18 years and over
Ooini-<w^ f^mivleff
704
63
125
144
130
243
Under 6 years
3
286
384
28
3
2
66
78
4
1
6 to9yeMV
26
27
60
61
6
60
82
6
1
86
10 to U years
141
15 to 17 years
13
18 years and over
y
1"
CITY OP HABAKA
Total
Under 5 years
6to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and oyer .
Total males
Under 5 years
5to0years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total females
Under 5 years
6to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over ,
Total native white... ,
Under 5 years
5to0years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Native white males...
Under 6 years
5to0years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Native white females.
Under 6 years
5to0years ,
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total foreign white ..
Under 5 years
6to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
20,678
321
0.660
9,871
1,119
802
10, J
146
4,867
4,832
724
270
9.844
176
4,708
4,680
806
15,574
261
7.188
6.062
921
1,263
110
8.606
3.021
601
236
7,311
141
3.492
8,331
890
27
12
247
273
49
21
671
401
215
10
7
2,688
80
[.396
973
116
23
352
19
217
107
6
3
319
19
184
108
4
4
450
281
139
6
5
233
12
154
64
2
1
16
127
76
4
4
1.414
n5
548
101
17
1.174
47
681
426
15
6
,605
61
963
931
27
491
764
34
462
260
13
5
73
8,067
68
1,536
1,265
201
27
1,611
29
792
664
103
23
1,476
39
7U
691
98
4
2.169
61
1,074
866
150
20
1.147
21
561
466
82
17
1.022
4.726
57
2.006
2.215
296
62
2.434
30
613
n
114
31
1.040
1.123
185
56
26
1,066 I
1.092 I
111
7
3.666 I
1,560 I
1.680
254 I
1,861
783
166
62
1.605
22
786
792
132
1
48
67
13
3
9,601
78
4,131
4.713
406
183
5,018
34
2.003
2,390
&»
172
2,292 I 4.583
44
2.038
2.323
167
11
7.606
66
8,311
3.731)
425
IffJ
4,001
27
1.707
1.915
288
154
8,604
39
1.604
1,815
137
9
1
06
133
20
12
Digitized by VjOOQIC
396
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXI,— School attendance byt months, with sex, age, and race — Continiifid.
CITY OP HABANA-Continned.
Total.
1 month
or less.
2to8
months.
4to5
months.
6to7
months.
Smooths
ormopft.
Foreign white males
831
15
40
61
68
147
UnderSyears
6 to 9 years....
10 to 14 years -
7
180
189
86
19
2
9
8
1
1
18
16
8
2
2
28
20
8
8
1
SS
32
10
3
1
53
68
15 to 17 years
14
1A vAAPa &n(1 over
11
Foreign white females.......
271
6
33
58
64
115
Under6years
6 to 9 years
5
117
134
18
2
4
16
13
I
80
18
4
1
8
8
26
35
3
43
10 to 14 years
65
15 to 17 Tears
6
18 VPRra ATUl ov^^t*
1
1
Total colored
4.4»7
191
820
804
1.038
1,«44
Under 6 years. -..--^..
68
2,125
2.146
149
19
8
108
70
3
2
14
410
356
36
4
14
404
352
30
4
11
479
518
29
1
11
5 to 9 vears . ..
7S4
10 to 14 years
890
IStoitvears
M
18 years and over
8
Colored males ...-
2.286
104
443
408
506
780
Under 6 years
29
1,081
1,072
87
16
5
54
40
8
2
5
206
194
34
4
6
208
178
18
3
7
235
253
10
6
5 to 9 years .
333
10 to 14 years
407
15 to 17 years _............
27
18 years and over
7
Colored females
2.262
87
877
401
538
864
Under 6 years
29
1,094
1,074
62
3
8
54
80
9
204
162
2
8
201
174
17
1
4
2U
265
19
1
5
5to9years
381
10 to 14 years
443
15 to 17 years
2i
18 vearH and over
1
CITY OF MATANZA8.
ToUl .'.
Under 5 years
5 toOyears
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
Total males
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
Total females
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
Total native white...
Under 5 years —
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
4,885
18
2,140
2,466
239
22
2,872
5
1.063
1.168
128
13
2,513
13
1,077
1,303
111
9
3.585
9
1.546
1.809
200
21
510
6
251
225
2
116
91
14
2
4
135
138
354
2
109
163
18
920
5
460
412
41
2
456
227
201
27
1
728
854
83
896
2
190
1T6
20
464
211
14
1
589
5
290
260
82
2
882
2
188
179
18
680
2
248
249
81
1.848
701
70
7
668
1 .
281
326
6 ■
606
I
287
375
31
1
1.011
514
58 I
7
407
ei
10
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
397
Tablb XXI. — School attendance by months, with 9ex, age, and race— Continued.
CITY OP MATANZAS-Continued.
Total.
1 month
or less.
2to3
months.
4to5
months.
6 to 7
months.
509
8 months
or more.
Ka.tive white males
1,754
156
280
297
612
Under 5 TOAni
2
784
847
109
12
1
78
64
11
2
143
116
21
1
1
154
122
20
S to Q VBA1*A . •-• - .....•«••••...
217
261
85
6
193
lOtoUyears
IStolTveara
295
22
18 vaars and over ..................
;{
N^ativA irhite femalen
1,831
198
due
233
502
589
TTnder ft TearH . .
7
788
962
91
9
1
91
99
7
5
147
145
, 11
1
1
94
127
11
5to9yeai*8
215
263
23
1
215
lOtoHvears
328
15 to 17 Tears
39
18 yearn and oyer
7
Total foreism white
40
3
4
5
19
9
TTnder 5 Tearfi
2
12
20
5
1
1
1
1
6
10
2
5 to 9 jein
1
3
4
10 to 14 Tears ...
4
1
3
15 to 17 V^LTB
1
1
18 years and over..-.
1
Foreiipn white males
• 15
1
2
6
6
Under 5 vears.. .-...
5 to 9 years ..
8
6
1
4
2
3
10 to 14 vears
2
2
15tol7vear8
18 years and over.
1
1
Foreiffn white females
25
2
2
6
13
3
Under 6 vears.
2
4
14
5
1
1
2
8
2
5 to 9 years
1
1
1
iotol'i years
4
1
'1
15tol7vears
1
1
18 years and over .r....^. ,..
Total colored -
1,280
153
327
193
318
269
Under 5 years
7
582
637
34
s?
66
3
2
89
101
1
1
130
177
10
1
5 to 9 yearj* . . . ,
169
- 149
9
113
10 to 14 years
144
15 to 17 years
11
18 years and over
Colored male$*
603
68
174
99
138
124
Under 6 years
3
271
310
19
1
87
27
3
1
45
53
1
60
73
4
6- to 9 years
84
84
6
45
10 to 14 years
73
15 to 17 years
0
1« yearff and over
Colored f emalefl , ,
657
85
163
94
180
145
Under 5 years
4
811
• 327
16
2
44
39
1
44
48
1
1
5 to 9 years
86
66
3
70*
104
6
68
lOtoHyears
71
15 to It years
5
18 years' and over . ..
'
CITY OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Total
Under 6 years —
5to9 years
10 to 14 years
16 to 17 years
18 years and over
2,661
256
3
125
124
448
2
258
184
4
466 I
4
267
187 I
1
337
325
15
4
711
1
821
369
17
3
Digitized by VjOOQIC
398 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table JXl.—School attendance by months, unth sex, age, and race — Ckmtinaed.
CITY OP PUERTO PRINCIPE-Contiiiaed.
Total.
1 month
orleea
2to3
months.
4to5
months.
6to7
months.
8 months
or more.
Ty)t»l mftlwf
1.881
141
229
242
8b7
882
Under 5 yean
8
688
622
31
7
2
n
66
2
1
6 to 9 yean
128
98
8
132
106
4
169
154
10
4
168
10 to 14 years
198
15 to 17 years
12
18 years'and over
3
Total f emalett
1,230
114
219
223
345
829
Under 6 years >.
8
640
667
14
1
1
54
68
1
2
180
86
1
4
135
81
2
1
: ,4
171
5
6toV years
153
10 to 14 years
171
15 to 17 years
5
18 years and over t
Total native white
1,995
198
307
342
53tt
612
Under 5 years
10
1,016
928
35
6
2
99
96
2
2
186
119
1
4
202
131
5
1
202
255
15
3
1
5 to 9 years
268
10 to 14 years
as
16 to 17 years
12
18 years and over
8
Native white males . ,
1.024
107
155
176
200
326
Under 5 years
2
514
478
24
6
1
58
47
1
'9i'
68
1
97'
76
4
129
118
10
3
1
6to9 years
139
lOtoU vears ...
175
15 to 17 years
8
18 yeari^ and over
ii
Native white females
971
91
152
166
276
286
Under 5 years
8
502
450
11
1
41
48
1
2
94
66
4
105
56
1
1
133
137
5
5 to 9 years
12R
10 to 14 years
153
15 to 17 years
4
*18 years and over
"^tal foreis^ white ...
27
5
6
1
9
7
Under 5 years -
5 to 9 years - ^
5
18
3
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
7
10 to 14 years
6
15 to 17 years
18 yAa.rs and over
1
1
Foreign white males
18
4
6
1
4
4
Under 5 years
6to9 years
3
11
3
1
i
2
1
1
3
1
1
10 to 14 years
3
3
16 to 17 years
18 years and over
1
PoFAign white females
9
1
5
3
Under 5 years
5to9 years
2
7
1
i
10 to 14 years
3
15 to 17 years
}R years and over . .
Total colored
539
52
136
122
187
92
Under 5 years
6 to 9 years
1
287
243
7
1
1
24
27
72
62
2
64
56
1
1
74
63
53
10 to 14 years
86
15 to 17 years
4
18 years and over
"" **
Colored males
289
80
69
66
78
62
Under 5 years
1
151
183
4
1
12
17
5to9 years
86
82
1
34
31
40
83
29
lOto 14 years
20
15 to 17 years
8
18 years and over
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
399
Tabus XXL^School attendance by months, with sex, age, and race — Continned.
CITY OP PUERTO PRINCIPE-Contiiiued.
Total.
1 month
or leas.
2to3
months.
4to6
months.
6 to 7
months.
8 months
or more.
260
2S
87
67
64
40
Under 5 yowtix ^xx
5 to 9 yours
136
110
3
1
12
10
36
30
1
30
26
I
1
84
30
24
ioto U years
15
15 to 17 Tears
1
18 years and oyer ...................
CITY OF SANTIAGO.
Total.
Under 6 years
5 to 9 years
10 tol4 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total males .
Under 6 years
5to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total females .
Under 5 years
5to9years
10 to 14 years .
15 to 17 years
18 years and oyer .
Total native white.
Under 5 years
5to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Native white males. . .
Under 5 years
5to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over.
Native white females. .
Under 5 years
5to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Total foreign white.
Under 5 years
5to9year8
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Foreign white males.
Under 5 years
5to9year8
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
4.451
87
1.933
2,317
147
17
2,157
13
940
1,107
84
13
2.294
24
993
1,210
63
4
2,272
24
1,022
1,121
92
13
1,158
11
519
667
55
11
1.119 ,
13
608 j
664
37
2
47
24
156
78
78
35
33
879
12
481
375
9
2
422
2
242
173
4
1
457
10
239
202
5
1
817
3
195
114
4
1
162
1
104
54
2
1
155
1,053
7
461
666
519
4
223
270
22
534
3
238
286
6
1
1.438
9
566
796
679
2
250
769
7
316
404
30
2
516
6
238
265
16
1
790
8
327
414
37
4
267
384
118 I
131
14
249
2
120
124
2
1
13
8 '
2
153
206
21
3
406
6
174
5
840
528
44
8
450
4
175
248
24
8
466
1
165
280
20
581
4
226
312
83
0
305
4
119
158
18
6
276
107
154
15
19
7
12
10
Digitized by VjOOQIC
400
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXl.^ School attendance by months, with sex, age, and race — Ck>ntmaed.
CITY OP SANTIAGO-Contiziiied.
Total.
Foreign white females .
Under 5 years
6 toQyears
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
IS years and oyer .
Total colored.
Under 6 years
5to9year8
10 to U years
16 to 17 years
18 years and oyer .
Colored males.
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 17 years
18 years and over .
Colored females..
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years j»-.
15 to 17 years
18 years and over
2,132
13
891
1.170
54
4
980
2
411
687
1,152
11
480
1 month
or less.
86
45
2to8 I 4 to 5 I 6to7
montha months, months.
554
267
4
1
258
624
1
216
296
12
244
1
138 101
118 . 136
1 I 8
8 mcmthH
or more.
-I-
296
145
139
8
1
280
1
115
100
4
648
378
26
1
96 I
185 ,
12
350 I
1 I
141
193 I
1^ I
1
1
107
204
11
2
144
84
6
2
181
55
120
5
Table XXlL^Superior education by age, sex, race, and nativity.
CUBA.
Under 18 years...
18 and 19 years...
20vears
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 61 years
65 years and over
Cuba
Allc]
I
1,363
916
499
2,300
2,837
2,626
4,289
2,565
1.212
551
^ 1
961
630
339
1,762
2,228
2.155
3,623
2,173
1,010
467
412
286
160
548
000
471
666
84
Native white. Foreign white.
I
19,158 15,328 3,830
1,210
807
406
1,792
2,001
1,932
3,072
1,716
791
867
651
273
1,852
1,545
1,658
2.550
1.391
631
274
353
256
133
440
456
374
522
160
65
14,065 10,982 3,063
78 , 52
50
438
746
641
1,128
817
405
201
4,578 4,016
64
46
363
632
660
1,007
763
386
184
26
11
14
76
114
81
121
64
89
17
662
Colored.
'3
I
fa
616
42;
26
21 ,
37
61 I
37
66 I
29 I
13 I
9
19
18
16
23
4
3
2
330 186
PROVINCE OF HABANA
Under 18 years
18 and 19 years
20years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
The province...
697
433
227
1,108
1,420
1,243
1,960
1,182
542
285
9,097
173
886
1.154
1,066
1,600
1.015
453
280
7,514
158
95
54
222
266
177
300
167
89
65
625
388 I
188
906
1,036
916
1,426
802
324
170
1,583 6,771 5,546
490
308
143
720
825
785
1,202
674
265
130
136
85
45
177
201
131
224
128
59
40
44
32
28
178
358
312
510
369
214
112
2,157
31
28
23
146
306
209
440
331
186
97
1,856
15
301
160 , 112
10
6
4
12
13
3
6
1
2
57
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SUPEBIOB EDUCATION.
4ai
Table XXJL^Superior education by age, sex, race, and na/m^y--Continaed.
PBOVINCB OP MATANZAa
AU classes.
Native white.
Foreign white.
Colored.
i
1
&
1
1
9
i
1
6
1
1
&
Under 18 yean
1» and 19 years
^years
202
146
67
318
862
583
848
183
72
121
84
32
220
238
238
467
276
149
62
81
62
36
96
123
94
116
72
34
10
190
133
67
246
271
250
436
240
124
45
113
75
27
164
174
179
33'^
176
94
35
77
57
30
82
97
80
101
64
30
10.
7
8
7
66
83
69
142
107
57
27
6
7
4
55
63
58
129
99
63
27
1
1
3
11
20
11
13
8
4
5
6
3
6
8
4
6
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
8
i
■2
2i to 24 years
5
3B5 to 29 years
0
30 to 3i years ......
8
35 to 44 years - .
2
45 to 54 years
65to64year8
66 years and over
The province...
2,613
1,888
725
2,000
1,372
628
573
601
72
40
15
25
PROVINCE OP PINAR DEL BIO.
Under 18 years
18 and 19 years
20years ........ ..
46
24
20
92
118
110
167
121
42
16
34
12
19
72
100
94
134
112
39
16
12
12
1
20
18
16
23
9
3
42
21
19
84
94
84
122
68
29
6
30
10
18
65
80
72
101
62
26
6
12
11
1
19
14
21
6
3
2
2
2
1
......
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2i io 24 years
7
22
26
34
62
13
11
6
18
22
32
49
13
11
1
4
4
2
3
25 to 29 years.. ...
30 to 34 years
86 to 44 years ......
1
1
1
1
46 to54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
The province...
746
632
114
668
469
99
169
164
15
9
9
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Under 18 years
18 and 19 years
SOyears
89
68
38
187
184
198
840
205
132
46
61
88
25
141
144
148
278
169
106
43
38
25
13
46
40
60
62
36
27
3
81
60
29
130
118
146
250
139
100
34
48
35
19
92
87
108
196
105
76
31
33
25
10
38
31
43
54
34
24
3
6
3
7
62
69
45
86
66
32
10
2
3
4
44
61
38
79
64
29
10
4
2
1
1
3
8
8
7
7
2
3.
2
6
7
7
4
2
6
6
7
3
2ito24 years
25 to 29 y^ars .....
1
a0to34 years
a6to44 years
i
4&to64 years
66to64 years
66 years and over
2
2
The province...
1,488
1,142
340
1,087
792
295
366
384
42
29
28
3
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Under 18 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
99
74
51
245
3U2
290
486
260
114
66
60
67
30
181
260
250
441
227
108
52
30
17
21
64
62
40
45
33
11
4
89
69
88
184
216
214
837
160
77
37
65
55
21
131
182
181
306
138
67
33
24
14
17
53
34
3?
31
10
4
2
2
8
68
74
69
138
95
34
19
1
6
47
63
65
128
66
33
19
2
1
2
11
11
4
10
9
1
8
3
6
3
12
7
11
5
3
4
1
3
3
5
4
7
3
3
4
2
2
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
7
30tod4 years
3
85 to 44 years
4
45to54 years
2
65 to 64 years
66 years and over
,
The province..
1,977
1,660
317
1.421
1,179
242
499
448
51
57
33
2*
24662 26
Digitized by LaOOQlC
402 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXII. — Superior education by age, sex, race, and nativity — Contiiiiied.
PBOVTNCB OP SANTIAGO.
Under 18 years
18 and lU years
20 years
ato«4 years
25 to 20 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 to 64 years
66 years and oyer —
TheproYince...
All
I
230
176
96
860
461
463
763
449
199
76
3,243-
187
101
60
252
341
359
643
874
16]
64
Native white.
75
86
98
110
94
120
75
38
12
2,492 , 751
i
a
183
in
137
73
75
45
242
171
276
197
313
2:»
501
410
806
236
137
103
48
40
2,218
1.624
594
Foreign white.
17
11
18
14
9
8
77
66
150
m
120
108
218
199
128
124
55
52
22
20
814
m,
81
Colored.
o "3
30
15
21
14
12
7
31
15
25
13
20
13
44
84
15
14
6 .
6
4 :
211 , 135
I
1$
7
5
16
12
7
10
1
1
2
CITY OP HABANA.
Under 18 years
18 and 19 years
20 years
585
364
185
896
1.133
908
1,525
920
436
245
454
286
137
131
78
48
525
327
151
725
798
715
1,0Q7
604
242
145
413
257
111
590
662
604
896
508
200
108
112
70
40
135
146
in
181
96
42
37
39
27
28
150
303
204
425
306
190
97
27
i
121
259
226
364
275
164
84
12
4
4
29
44
38
61
31
26
13
21
10
8
21
32
14
23
10
4
3
14
6
4
11
21
11
17
9
2
3
7
4
4
21 to 24 years.. -...
722
932
174
201
10
25 to 29 years
U
80 to 34 years......
841
1,277
792
366
152
248
128
70
8
85to44vears
6
46 to 54 years
1
65 to 64 years
2
65 years and over ....
195 ! 50
The city
7,282
6,002
1,280
5,309
4,839
970
1,827
1.565
262
146
96
48
CITY OP MATANZAS.
Under 18 years...
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years —
65 to 64 years
66 years and over
The city —
106
79
82
166
169
140
253
157
106
32
1,240
63
44
11
108
107
98
196
114
82
29
852
102
74
29
121
in
96
188
117
77
17
61
39
10
75
64
66
139
79
56
14
608
294
244
50
CITY OP PUEBTO PBINCIPE.
Under 18 years...
18 and 19 years...
20 years
21 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over
The city —
77
44
24
109
99
118
206
125
924
43
25
16
81
66
81
158
94
70
28
662
70
42
18
86
81
101
167
97
73
20
755
40
23
12
63
54
64
122
66
52
19
515
240
148
128
20
21
i 1
19
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
403
Table XXIL— 5tfp«rior education by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continned.
CITY OP CIENPXJEG08.
AH classes.
Native white.
Forei«m white.
Colored.
1
1
1
1
1
£
1
■|
&
i
1
Under 18 years
18 and 19 years
20years ........... .
24
9
11
67
67
58
85
53
16
14
21
8
9
41
62
48
72
42
16
14
8
1
2
16
16
10
IB
11
24
9
8
42
46
88
68
29
8
8
21
8
7
30
38
81
51
23
8
8
3
1
1
12
8
7
7
6
2
15
17
16
25
22
6
6
1
11
14
15
20
18
6
8
1
4
8
1
5
4
1
1 :
2ilo24 years
25 to29 years .....
4
4
2
2
2
i
1
2
4
80 to 34 years
2
86 to 44 years . .....
1
45 to 64 years
1
66 to 64 years
65 years and over —
The dty
394
323
71
270
225
46
109
91
18
16
7
8
CITY OP SANTIAGO.
Under 18 years
18 and 19 years
20years...^
21 to 24 years
142
99
60
187
284
224
896
249
116
46
92
68
82
124
166
173
325
20S
87
37
50
46
18
63
68
61
71
47
29
9
117
n
38
132
141
164
273
181
87
28
77
36
23
84
93
111
221
136
62
23
40
41
15
48
48
43
52
45
26
5
8
9
5
41
80
59
96
61
23
12
5
9
4
34
66
54
85
60
20
10
3
......
7
14
6
13
1
3
2
17
13
7
14
13
11
25
7
6
6
10
8
6
6
7
8
19
6
6
4
7
6
2
8
25 to 29 years
6
80 to 34 vears
3
85to44 years ......
6
45 to 54 vears . .
1
66 to 64 years
1
aSyears'and over....
2
The city
1,748
1,291
462
1,228
866
862
896
847
49
119
78
41
Table XXI IT. — Orand groups of occupations,
CUBA.
TOTAL POPULATION.
[Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.]
Provinces;
Habana
City of Habana .
Matanzas -.
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe —
Santa Clara.... —
Santiago
Cuba 1,672,797
Total.
424,804
235,981
202,444
173,064
88,234
356,536
327,716
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining.
31.988
715
50,801
48,607
17,058
81,951
299.197
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
30,715
31,351
9,407
4,432
3,004
13.599
9,270
79,427
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
42,991
SU913
10,992
3.685
8,704
16,817
14,896
93,084
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
4,563
3,655
988
890
359
1,409
1,028
8,736
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
64,714
hO,S66
13,105
10,699
7,697
80,886
14,885
141,936
240,843
li7,9Hl
117,148
105.202
66,412
211,924
218,938
950,467
TOTAL MALES.
221,990
m,S53
103,726
91,688
44,899
189,067
163,845
81.944
703
46,496
48.552
17,030
80,866
67,443
30,440
31,135
9,339
4,390
2,954
13,503
9,140
38,033
S8, 187
9,532
8,313
2,983
16,160
12,991
3,820
3,091
767
359
292
1,069
789
46,377
t6,79U
5,587
7,360
4,093
22,190
10,162
62,376
City of Habana
S3,Sh8
Matonzas
Plnardel Bio — .
32.005
27.714
Puerto PrinciDe...
17,547
Santa Clara
66,269
Bantii^go ........... r. ,
63.3^
Cuba
815,205
292,331
78,766
82,012
7,006
96,769
259,231
Digitized by VjOOQIC
404
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXHL — Grand groups of occupations — Coiitiniied.
CUBA—Contlnaed.
TOTAL FEMALES.
[FifiTores In italic are incladed in those for the prorlnoe or district.]
ProYinoes.
Total.
Agricul-
ture,
flsheriea,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factnr-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
serviee.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Habana
City of Habana
Mfttrftny-i^t
Pinarde\Rio
Puerto Principe . . .
SanU Clara
Santiago
Cuba
202.814
lit. Its
98,718
81,376
43.335
187,479
163.870
757,692
44
275
It
tie
4,308
88
145
42
28
50
1,085
98
1,256
130
4.958
S,7t6
1,460
322
T21
1,657
1,904
733
221
40
67
340
18.837
15,57f
7,518
3,339
8,604
8.646
4,723
6.866
661 I 11,0
1,640
46.167
17B.487
94,639
85.143
77,488
88.866
155,866
156.818
891,236
TOTAL NATIVE WHITE.
Habana
City of Habana .
Matanzas
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
243,619
115,532
102,682
114.907
66,349
214,945
167,797
Cuba I 910,299
21,124
t9U
20,212
31,857
12,496
45,847
35,424
186,980
11.500
7,951
8,824
1.787
1,861
6,776
4,506
20,434
19,600
1S,1S5
5.115
1,717
1,754
7,565
4.083
89,684
8,065
t,S66
245
967
715
5.960
21.006
8,97t
8,069
4,429
4.140
10,288
4,209
47.221
167,264
fi9,8S4
80.780
74,88d
45,868
144,502
118,880
821,060
NATIVE WHITE MALES.
"P^l^Hf^.
Oity of Habana
Matanzas
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe . - .
SanU Clara
Santiago
Cuba
116,888
6t,9'iO
60,324
68.673
32,575
106, 7n
447,373
21,104
S9t
20,080
81,774
12,473
45,606
35,240
166,277
11.484
7,81*5
8.800
i,n8
1,832
6,747
4,568
20,218
17,700
11,998
4,454
1,542
1,260
6,682
8,420
35,067
2,544
t,001
408
263
190
687
608
4,680
18,942
7,8St
2,109
8,888
2,46e
8.644
39,123
46.084
9t,97i
10,284
19,868
14,860
80.406
86.068
173,008
NATIVE WHITE FEMALES.
Habana
128,781
6t,59t
52.358
56.334
33,774
108. 174
85,505
20
t
132
83
23
241
184
108
86
15
9
29
29
28
1.800
1,137
661
176
485
883
613
611
S6$
185
82
66
280
207
2.154
l,Vd>
860
1,086
1.688
1,844
686
122,100
City of Habana
59, set
Matanzas
60.606
Pinar del Rio
54 060
Puerto Principe
^404
Santa Clara
106.007
Santiago , . , .
88,787
Cuba
462,926
683
216
4,617
1,270
8.098
448,042
TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE.
Habana
City of Habana
Matanzas
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe...
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
68, on
5t,901
15,235
10,718
4.088
20,823
13,313
142.008
4,076
f74
4,700
5,306
1,455
11,341
4,392
31,270
25,536
tl,Ut
4,104
2,234
928
6.248
8,318
42,368
8.932
7.515
1.438
592
327
2.388
1,026
14,708
1,245
J, 074
242
90
86
842
210
2,232
18,847
10,79t
1,106
088
640
4,446
2,no
23,isBn:
16.886
11,8S7
8.846
1.4W
808
6.066
2,148
28,288
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
405
Table XXUL—Orand groups of occupations— Contimied.
CUBA -Continued.
FOREIGN WHITE MALES.
pngures in italics are included in those for the province or district.]
ProTinces.
Total.
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
servioe.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
HalMna
OityofHabana
Matanzas . .... .
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe ...
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
64,162
kU190
11,850
9.447
8,499
25,838
11,446
4,074
«7f
4,684
6,802
1.463
11,322
4,379
26,388
4.089
2,204
937
6.207
8,674
7,t90
1,413
685
819
2.361
996
1,042
891
216
92
76
806
207
12,666
9,&i9
967
964
672
4.812
2,184
116.740
81,214
42,123
14.847
1,987
21,484
2,419
U80U
492
810
162'
829
433
4,636
FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES.
Hahana
City of Habana
Matftpy-iMi ..
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe-
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
14,800
11,711
8.386
1.271
639
4.487
1,867
26,368
66
138
108
16
80
1
41
20
246
26
7
8
27
81
866
206
183
27
7
9
87
12
296
1,292
1,168
149
34
68
184
76
1,768
12,916
10,088
8.153
1,189
451
4,229
1,715
TOTAL COLORED.
Habana............
City of Habana
Matanzas
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe...
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
112,214
67,51*8
84,627
47,439
17,847
111,768
146,605
620,400
6,788
26,892
11,564
3,ior
24.763
28,883
100,967
2,589
2,008
1,479
411
215
1,575
1,866
7,625
14,660
11,966
4,439
1,326
1.623
6,864
9,836
38,647
268
tl5
63
16
29
100
94
654
20,771
90,609
8,940
6,282
2,917
16,102.
8,466
71,478
68,264
88,810
48,714
28,871
9,956
62,364
97,970
801,129
COLORED MALES.
Habana r. ^....- .r. ^
60,990
99,198
41.652
23,668
8,825
66,960
70,107
6,766
189
21.732
11.476
8.104
23,938
27,824
2,568
1,986
1,441
408
195
1,649
1.274
11.660
8,899
8,666
1.186
1,395
6,117
8,576
284
199
64
14
26
n
74
14,880
9,838
2,431
8,0i3
1,069
9,234
4,505
14,893
City of Habana
8,579
12,229
Pinardel Rio
7.641
Puerto Principe
8,036
Santa Clara
16,0%
Hantiaffo ,
27,854
Cuba
262,092
94,840
7,426
32,506
479
36.162
81,688
COLORED FEMALES.
Habana
61,224
38,kao
42,976
23,m
9,022
64,818
76,498
22
8
4,160
58
3
826
1,060
81
99
38
8
20
26
82
2,900
9,867
774
140
228
747
1,260
6,049
19
16
9
1
8
28
20
14,891
11,969
6.609
2.239
1.848
6.868
8,961
48,361
City of Habana
9lt,7S8
Matanzas ...
81.485
PInar del Rio
21.330
Puerto Princii)e
6.{«0
Santa Clara
46,329
f^ntlairo.... ............
70,116
Cuba
288,306
6,127
2UU
76
86,316
219.641
Digitized by VjOOQIC
406
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV.
Province op Habaka.
TOTAL POPULATION.
[Fi^rnroB in italic are included in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Aflraacate
AlquiKar
Bainoa
Batabano
Banta
Bejacal
Cano
Casiarnas
Catalina
Ceibadel Agna
Qnanabacoa
City of GuanaJbacoa
Guara
Qnines
Guira de Helena
Habana
Cityof Habana
Islade Finos
Jamco
Madruga
Managua
Maranao .......%
MelenadelSur
NuevaPaz
Pipian
QuiTican
Regla
flaUid
San Antonio de las Vegas .. .
San Antonio de los Bancs...
San Felipe
Sau Jose de lasLajas
San Nicolas
Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Maria del Rosario —
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
VeredaNueva..
The province 424,804 I 31,968
Agricul-
ture,
Total.
flsheries.
and min-
ing.
3,163
461
8,746
2,300
1,725
545
6,523
1,105
5,142
1,647
5,766
601
4,210
1,296
1,004
168
2,718
607
2.107
608
20,060
1,770
15,965
19
1,835
871
11,304
2,101
11,648
2,846
242,065
1,441
S35,981
716
3,199
408
4,076
913
3,744
608
2,887
707
8,693
723
3,207
684
7,761
1,181
1,101
243
2,423
416
11,363
11
3,293
930
1.856
468
12,631
2,200
1,915
176
4,154
466
4,568
850
2,965
761
2,730
660
10,276
917
1,661
246
2,416
591
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
128
241
36
770
164
289
106
19
68
76
1,117
9S6
32
468
390
31,609
S1,SS1
140
137
107
66
706
93
217
6
62
1,065
70
29
506
67
151
127
54
109
473
27
43
39,715
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in
dustries.
113
345
79
258
92
670
118
9
58
72
1.709
1,605
6T
617
460
82,251
51,915
84
152
107
86
674
116
200
4
85
1,226
T6
45
1,223
67
161
142
40
65
1,580
21
43
Profes-
sional
seryloe.
, Domee-
I tic and
Without
gainful
uc and gainful
personal occupa-
service. tion.
12 I
16
8
27
26
16 '
3
11
8
246
tft
8
56
80
8,706
5,656
9
24
7
7
77
6
21
42,901 I 4,668
619
880
207
580
205
561
247
239
338
107
2,816
S,501
168
1.356
1,162
41,689
W,566
6(7
950
421
285
1,668
850
1,251
243
263
1,973
248
HI
1,424
393
710
874
383
227
1,216
849
800
64.714
1.930
5,014
855
8,788
8.095
8.720
2,428
666
1,666
1.831
12,423
8,68U
1,214
6,894
6.661
131.350
lt7,981
1,916
2.400
2.404
1,746
4,821
1,949
4,891
606
1,593
7,068
1.966
1.197
7,231
1.206
2,660
2.665
1,721
l,6n
6,040
906
1,436
240.848
TOTAL MALES.
Aguacate
Alquizar
Bainoa
Bataban6
Bauta
Bejucal
Cano
Casiguas
Catalina
CeibadelAgua
Guanabacoa
City of Ouanabacoa
Guara
Gttines
Guira de Melena
Habana
Cityof Habana
Islade Finos
Jaruco
Madruga
Managua
Marianao
Melena del Sur
NuevaPaz
Pipian
Qoiyidin
1,640
4,814
958
3,600
2,837
2,738
2,340
561
1,353
1,174
9,805
6,629
925
5,?^
6,486
128,775
1£S,S58
1,782
2,152
1,807
1,549
4.582
1,650
3,834
582
1,236
461
2,298
544
1,106
1,647
601
1,296
168
589^
607
1,770
19
371
2.098
2,846
1,428
703
408
912
608
707
718
683
1,181
243
416
128
112
10
477
462
237
305
14
576
1,884
36
30
2
05
251
767
254
20
488
966
164
91
7
160
768
288
665
22
460
8S
106
116
13
208
002
19
9
2
198
165
68
48
8
314
836
74
67
2
75
}(40
1,110
1,386
211
1,998
8.836
951
l,t88
191
1,750
$,550
32
67
2
151
812
465
479
62
1,078
1.658
389
466
26
902
1.868
31.392
28,521
8,128
28,024
84,282
51, 1S5
28,187
5,091
26, 79U
59,54S
138
84
7
614
536
135
124
20
317
644
lor
107
7
373
515
66
82
6
240
458
702
694
66
1.158
1.856
91
96
6
288
487
214
187
14
1.021
1.^
6
4
81
242
286
86
62
3
488
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
407
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province of Habana— Continned.
TOTAL MALES-Contlnued.
[Figures in italics are indaded in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Total.
Affricnl-
tare,
fisheries,
andmin
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
R«gla
SaRd
San Antonio de las Vegas
8an Antonio de loa Banos .
San Felipe
San JoeddelasLajas
8anNicol4s
Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Maria del Rosario . .
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
VeredaNueva
The province
5.766
1,787
051
6,631
«t9
2,040
2.543
1,608
1,410
5,270
849
1,297
11
990
467
2,194
175
466
860
761
669
916
245
501
1,090
70
29
493
66
151
127
54
106 I
468
27
43
1,107
73
44
1,061
60
160
124
36
52
1.318
20
43
1.075
236
96
981
807
675
686
312
314
906
221,990
31,944
30,440 I 38,0
3,820
46,877
1.804
476
812
1.800
832
686
748
430
870
1,617
230
62,376
TOTAL FEMALES.
Aguacate
Alqnizar
BiOnoa
Bataban6
Banta
Bejucal
Cano
Casiguas
Catalina
CeibadelAgna
Quanabacoa
City of OuanabcLcoa . .
Guara
GCiines -•
Ouira de Melena
Habana
Cituof Habana
iBladePmos
Jaruco
Madruga
Managua ...-.- ..
Marianao
Melena del Sur
NuevaPaz
Plpian
Quivic4n
San Antonio de las Vegas
San Antonio de los Banos
San Felipe
San Jose de las Lajas
SanNicolAs
Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Maria del Rosario .
.Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
VeredaNueva
The province
1,628
3,932
767
2,923
2.306
8,018
1.870
443
1.365
1,023
10,275
7,45tf
910
5,669
6,062
115,280
llS,7t3
1,417
1.924
1,937
1.338
4,011
1,667
3,927
519
1,187
5.508
1,506
904
6,000
976
2,114
2,025
1,362
1,320
6,006
702
1.119
202,814
44
3
1
217
S16
2
2
276
316
13
3,730
5,72C
4
119
1
162
7
1
18
4
3
202
1
4,058
2
2
1
7
2
3
8
1
3
1
34
SI
1
6
6
678
56U
2
4
1
733
42
264
112
92
46
101
88
41
24
33
823
751
7
278
250
13,666
IS, 579
33
133
48
46
435
71
230
1
27
208
12
16
443
86
86
188
71
13
306
25
14
18,837
1.478
3,630
604
2,817
2,267
2.886
1,820
401
1.320
062
9.088
6.554
902
6,341
4,793
87,077
9h,6SS
1.880
1.760
1,889
1.288
8.460
1.462
3.674
618
1.154
6.164
1.490
886
6,871
876
2.075
a. 816
1,285
1,301
4,423
670
1,104
178.407
TOTAL NATIVE WHITE.
A acate
1,067
6,472
1271
4,131
3,625
4,462
3,328
201
1,432
368
686
1,064
330
935
66
97
22
269
77
126
67
69
185
61
137
43
454
80
8
15
3
20
8
19
14
196
184
148
308
131
466
U4
1.068
A^nizar
8,660
688
Bataban6
2,710
Bauta
Bejucal
2,312
8,008
Cano
2,128
Digitized by VjOOQIC
408
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province of Habana— Gontiniied.
TOTAL NATIVE WHITE-Continned.
[Fignres in italios are included in those for the prorinoe or district.]
Districts.
Casigiias
Catelina
CeibadelAgoa
Qaanabacoa
City of Ouanabaeoa . ..
Ouara
GUines
Qairade Helena
Habana ■
Cityof Habana
IsIadeTinos
Jamco
Hadragft
Managua
Harianao
Helena del 6ar
Naeva Paz
Pipian
Qulvic&n
Reela
SaJRid
8an Antonio de las Vegas.
San Antonio de los Banos.
San Felipe
San Jose de las Lajas
San Nicolas
Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Maria del Rosario . .
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
VeredaNueya
The province 243,619
Total.
Agricnl
tnre,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
4,390
962
l.n2
7,493
2,874
1.465
9,377
1.209
2,965
2,797
1.705
2,002
7.160
1,2S0
2,142
106
396
446
1,281
15
256
1,334
1,791
754
f9U
255
651
435
493
464
436
765
163
303
3
746
8i6
1,449
142
287
532
479
457
580
153
513
21,124
Trade
and
trans-
porta*
tion.
10
29
43
665
Uf>S
11
191
150
8.027
7,9Sl
78
79
41
31
286
40
89
27
425
41
12
252
27
98
60
27
62
161
12
27
11,590
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
5
47
45
768
6$S
87
m
250
13,312
IS, 135
67
69
54
47
308
71
111
4
56
721
60
84
908
35
94
64
21
29
960
13
89
19,600
Profes-
sional
serrioe.
1
179
169
2
44
20
2.895
t,S06
6
22
5
5
63
6
19
Domes- ' Witboot
tic and
personal
serrice.
3,065
142
252
74
1,321
UOkU
155
538
385
9.656
8,972
468
280
219
255
411
102
415
235
138
938
243
56
786
164
459
388
141
197
665
809
231
21,096
gainful
occupa-
tion.
1,806
1,137
9,041
B,9S0
S35
4,708
«,776
85.670
1.616
1,943
1.668
1.437
8,296
1,19S
2.991
560
1,243
5,368
1.778
1,013
5,941
831
2,016
1,815
1,081
1.251
4.768
761
1,389
167.254
NATIVE WHITE MALES.
Agnacate
Alquizar
Bafnoa
Bataban6
Bauta
Bejucal
Cano
Casiguas
Catalina
Ceibadel Agua
Ouanabaeoa
City of Ouanabaeoa
Ouara
Ottines
Ouira de Helena
Habana
Cityof Habana
IsladePinos
Jaruco
Had ruga
Hanagua
Harianao
Helena del Snr
NuevaPaz
Pipian
Quivic&n
Begla
Salud -r-v-vv
San Antonio de las Veeas ...
San Antonio de las Bancs...
Ban Felipe
San Jose de las Lajas
SanNiGol48
826
201
66
68
6
175
2,837
1,431
95
168
18
150
600
368
22
17
2
90
2,003
686
269
134
14
283
1,932
1,064
n
48
7
118
2,049
339
125
446
17
439
1,735
935
57
80
11
109
871
106
10
5
1
131
086
393
29
88
5
249
897
448
43
41
1
64
6,807
1,281
563
649
146
1,197
5,757
IS
1*57
586
ISt
95U
692
255
11
87
2
151
8,379
1,332
189
251
39
478
8,907
1,791
149
246
16
340
55,193
751
7,941
12,173
2.019
8,502
5t,9kO
t9t
7,BU5
11,998
g,001
7,«Sf
1,309
265
77
67
5
464
1,574
651
n
51
19
257
1,100
435
41
54
5
198
1,206
493
81
45
4
240
2,307
468
284
276
43
817
941
435
89
60
5
88
2,100
765
89
109
18
890
485
872
168
808
4
53
236
184
27
3
8,512
8
423.
680
36
872
1,624
746
41
60
2
236
717
345
12
88
3
51
4,701
1.444
248
789
37
670
688
141
27
29
7
148
1,367
287
03
94
13
448
1,487
532
50
57
6
802
240
980
191
TO?
633
683
543
118
27B
800
2,471
IMS
286
1.090
1.365
23,807
SS,97S
451
519
867
393
925
314
743
83
362
1,498
439
273
1,513
286
432
640
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
409
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province op Habana— Contiiined.
NATIVE WHTTK MALES— Oonttnned.
[Figures in italics are included In those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Total.
Agrtcul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Maria del Boeario
Santiago de las Vegas
924
1.029
667
1,U9
479
467
680
163
518
27
62
161
12
27
20
27
766
18
80
4
6
80
2
2
118
101
681
295
231
276
286
1.289
192
VeredaNuera
807
The province
U6.888
21,104
11.484
17,700
2,544
18,942
45.064
NATIVE WHTTB FEliALES.
Amuizar
841
2,635
581
2,088
1,693
2,413
1,598
296
1,064
851
6,848
708
8.718
8.466
64,628
6t,69t
1,171
1,470
1,828
1.062
2,451
906
2,281
477
900
8,961
1,860
748
4,676
621
1,508
1.810
781
973
8,754
583
1,023
1
17
44
8
2
2
1
6
1
2
8
1
8
20
84
58
20
18
17
5
"a
90
4
60
45
1,156
1,U0
4
28
21
15
94
14
25
818
1
2
2.679
478
Bataban6
S,0QO
Bauta.fc
1,679
Bejucf^l
1
8
S,885
Cano ...r. _..,..
1,585
284
Osftiguas .
Ot#i<n*,
5
9
4
114
109
1,034
CeibadelAffua
©7
2
1
83
SO
6^570
699
Ouara
amines
2
2
1
86
86
1
2
26
4
1,139
1,137
5
4
376
365
1
3
8,618
Guirade Melena
8 411
Habana
3
f
81,863
Cityp/Habana
59,86S
Islade jFinos #
1,165
Jaruco
18
1,424
Madruga
1.802
Manairua...... ,,.„,..
2
38
11
2
1
20
1
6
1.044
M<^«ii^v)^
1
1
2
1
2,301
Melena del Sur
878
Nueva Paz
2.248
Pipian
477
Quivic4n w
Regla
6
41
2
12
4
1
4
8
8
2
2
4
66
7
5
116
16
11
26
28
6
84
14
2,154
891
2
8.800
sSud ........ ."...-.:
1^
San Antonio de las Vejras....
San Antonio de los Banos . ...
San Felipe
1
5
1
1
119
6
740
4
4.428
605
San Jose de las Lajas
1,584
San NicolAff . '
7
1
2
186
1.275
Santa Cms del Norte
755
Santa Maria del Rosario . .
965
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
6
8,470
669
Vereda Nueva.....
i
1,022
The province -
126,781
20
106
1,800
5U
122,190
TOTAL FOREIGN WHTTB.
205
883
74
878
440
416
896
28
152
170
1.484
1,091
89
833
62
283
41
175
218
62
178
9
68
76
218
S
83
294
55
Ul
12
456
80
149
47
9
27
29
485
U6
20
218
21
29
8
68
12
59
10
8
1
17
271
I
53
43
17
100
2
20
11
170
166
47
Alquizar
128
Bafnoa
17
Bntabano
7
1
4
2
1
2
2
60
U
1
9
119
Bauta
8ft
BejQC«l
126
Cano
64
CTaniguas .... .
2
Catiuina
4
8
128
113
5
40
41
GeibadelAgua
44
Gnan^bacoa
428
City of OwtfuUMcoa
Guara.....
SS8
811
GWnes
78
194
Digitized by VjOOQIC
410 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province of Habana— Oontinaed.
TOTAL FOBEION WHITE-Ooiitiniied.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
TotaL
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
i>orta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustriesw
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Onira de Melona .
i.aei
63.877
St, 901
188
206
330
110
1,159
128
an
33
148
1,666
196
55
1,220
125
189
230
136
108
1,202
68
101
373
378
52
02
92
51
96
46
152
22
58
5
110
29
387
15
69
107
62
41
120
84
38
205
21,667
fl,UU
49
42
54
21
344
36
93
5
82
575
29
17
234
34
53
58
22
42
290
13
13
60
7,604
7,612
12
19
18
14
163
15
20
9
1,096
1,07U
3
2
2
1
11
397
11.220
10,79t
61
2
12
1
313
187
Habana
12,013
1U8S7
21
49
Citvo/Habana
IsUdePiiios
Jarnco _
Madroga
52
Managua .....^.
22
232
MelenadelSor
29
Npnya Pftz
1
46
65
Pipian
6
Qnivican....
8
206
5
3
83
7
23
33
7
7
246
2
16
369
34
Ilegla
11
1
1
6
4
500
Salud
48
San Antonio de las Vegas. . . .
San Antonio de los Bancs
San Felipe
1
263
24
14
I
2
1
288
7
26
4
297
41
San Josd de las Lajas
40
San Nicolas....™
2
29
Santa Cruz del Norte
43
Santa Maria del Roeario
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
3
9
1
14
249
11
YeredaNueva
24
The province
68,971
4,076
25,53U
8,982
1,245
13,847
15,336
FOREIGN WHITE MALES.
Agnarate
171
727
57
764
368
306
335
19
113
125
1,113
801*
62
064
1,059
42,008
Ul,190
185
160
182
88
932
97
318
28
120
1,229
151
50
974
87
155
204
97
92
997
58
77
62
293
41
175
218
62
173
9
58
76
213
S
83
294
373
876
S7S
62
82
92
51
96
46
162
22
58
6
110
29
337
15
59
107
62
41
130
84
38
55
109
12
453
80
149
47
9
27
27
493
20
218
205
21,459
tUSOU
48
42
54
21
843
36
92
6
32
672
29
17
226
33
63
58
22
41
13
13
21
29
2
68
12
. 59
10
3
1
17
268
13
Alquizar
27
Balnoa
3
Batabano
6
42
42
11
99
20
Bauta
6
Bejucal
4
2
1
2
1
50
21
Cano
4
Casiguas
CaUllna
4
8
128
108
5
40
50
7,382
7, 990
12
19
18
14
150
14
20
18
11
146
m
4
Ceiba del Agua
8
Quanabacoa'
88
City of Ouanabacoa
Ouara
77
4
Guinea
8
8
909
891
2
1
2
1
9
71
389
10,063
9,6S9
60
27
Oniric de Mel^na .. . .
34
Habana
1,829
1 SOU
Ctty of Habana
IsladePinos
' 11
Jaruco
6
Madruga
10
6
Managua
1
296
38
MelenadelSur
1
NuevaPaz
40
14
Pipian
1
Qulidcan ,
8
198
5
3
81
7
23
33
6
7
241
2
15
360
7
Regla
11
1
1
5
2
83
Salud
6
San Antonio de las Vegas. . . .
San Antonio de los Bafios. .. .
San Felipe
254
24
14
72
6
San Jo66 de las Lajas
6
San Nicolas *.
1
5
Santa Cruz del Norte
7
Santa Maria del Rosario
1
9
1
2
Santiago de las Vegas
TapaHte
277
6
26
64
2
Yereda Nueva
The province
54,162
4,074
25,398
8,674
1,042
12,555
2,419
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
411
Table XXIV— CJontinued.
Province of HABANA--Continned«
FOREION WHITE FEMALES.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the proyince or district.]
Districts.
Total.
Agricni-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion
Aguacate
34
106
17
114
82
110
61
4
39
45
371
S87
27
169
162
11,869
11,711
13
46
48
22
227
29
69
5
28
437
42
5
246
38
34
28
39
16
205
1(»
24
84
Alqnizar
2
3
. 1
11
1
6
1
2
2
101
Boinoa
1
i*
1
15
BatAbano . r , ......
8
99
Bauta
80
Beiucal
104
Gano
60
Cafd.gTiafl
2
87
Ceiba dei Agua
2
2
•
1
42
Quanabacoa
5
5
24*
19
840
City of Guanabacoa
961
Onara . -. . .
1
1
1
186
1
1
96
Gdines
i
8
1,167
1,165
1
2
2
• 1
17
167
Onira de Melena .... .
1
153
HabanA -
2
s
1(J6 222
10,184
10, OSS
10
Cityof Habana
108
1
ftW
IsladeJEMnos
jftruco ---... ......
43
Madmga
46
Managua
:::::::::: :
SI
M^Hanao
1
13
1
2
194
MelenadelSnr
28
Nneva Paz , ,
1
1
6
51
Pipian
6
Qniri'^ftTi
1
9
87
3
8
417
Salud
42
San Antonio de las Vegas....
San Antonio de los Banos . . .
1
9
4
9
1
2
1
2
225
San Felipe
85
San Jobe de las Le^as
S4^n Ni'^rtllW . ,
84
1
1
2
1
11
1
24
Santa Crua del Norte
i
86
Santa Maria del Roeario.
1
4
2
12
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
.
5
185
9
VeredaNueva
Zi
The province
14,809
2
138
258
203
1,292
12.916
TOTAL COLORED.
Aguacate
Aibuizar
Bainoa
Batabano
Bauta
Beju^
Cano
CasiguaH
Catioina
Ceiba del Agua
Guanabacoa
City of OuaruUxxcoa
Ouara
aHines
Ouira de Melena
Habana
Cityof Habana
IsladePinos...
Jaruco
Madmga
Managua
Marianao
Melena del Bur
NnevaPaz
Pipian
Qoi^lcan
1.291
2.441
880
1.514
1,077
878
486
314
526
279
5,446
h,6US
351
3,460
2,955
68,362
67,51S
521
826
1,091
509
2,676
1,234
2,994
106
503
108
575
136
244
875
100
188
53
141
84
276
1
83
473
682
309
IU7
96
170
171
163
163
202
264
58
54
17
33
2
45
7
14
1
33
131
15
53
87
157
28
4
7
19
818
795
15
2U)
160
11,335
11,966
15
64
35
25
208
30
09
1
307
375
58
224
31
78
33
96
66
22
1,325
1,299
3
740
370
20,811
90,609
118
168
190
29
869
267
790
8
109
2
2
4
57
5i
1
59
35
2,015
t,008
13
16
12
4
75
17
35
1
16
16
5
1
216
215
1
3
1
8
21
1,827
169
048
627
627
236
162
809
150
2,054
S,U86
249
1,092
1,096
83,676
SS,S10
279
406
1,963
728
1,836
40
Digitized by VjOOQIC
412 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province op Habana— Continued.
TOTAL COLOBED.-Contlnued.
[Fignres in italics are included in thoee for the proTince or distriot.]
Districts.
TotaL
Agrlcnl-
ture,
flsherien,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta*
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
seryloe.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Beffla
2,204
226
335
2.084
581
1,000
1,541
1,124
620
1.914
233
173
3
74
93
414
19
110
211
220
161
217
58
40
85
209
8
8
282
15
44
45
12
19
384
6
4
1
666
5
54
875
205
237
545
240
29
263
83
43
1,200
Sa^d
139
San Antonio de las Vegas. . . .
San Antonio de los Banos
180
20
6
5
19
5
5
22
2
3
906
San Pellpe
836
San Jose de las Lajas
604
San Nicolas
m
Santa Cruz del Norte
647
Santa Maria del Rosario
406
Santiago de las Vegas
Tai;iaste
5
i,a»
134
YeredaNneva
88
The province
112,214
6,788
2,589
14,569
253
29,771
58,264
COLORED MALES.
643
1,250
211
743
547
383
270
171
254
152
2,385
1,908
171
1,682
1,520
29,574
T9,l!8
288
418
525
266
1,343
612
1,407
69
244
1,024
112
184
956
264
518
852
582
289
867
124
101
108
574
135
244
875
100
188
53
138
83
276
1
83
4?2
682
301
1S9
96
169
171
163
169
202
264
58
54
3
74
93
413
19
110
211
220
161
216
58
40
17
83
2
45
7
14
1
33
108
11
52
36
150
26
4
6
18
614
G9U
15
188
160
8,986
8,899
15
54
85
23
169
22
58
1
285
158
5
163
199
877
Bainoa
68
Batftbano
239
Bauta
129
Bejucal
1
118
Cano
65
Caslguas...
67
47
47
CfttAiina ,
2
4
54
50
1
58
35
1,992
1,9S6
13
16
12
4
75
16
33
1
60
Ceibadel Agua
47
Ouanabacoa . .....
15
15
660
650
776
City of CfuaruUxicoa
Ouara
658
72
Gtilnes
Ouira de Bielena
5
1
200
199
623
173
9,460
9,SSS
90
60
165
436
469
Habana
City of Habana...,
8,6i6
8,579
Isladeinnos
74
Jaruco
119
Madruga
142
i
8
64
Marianao
546
20O
691
7
87
443
302
MelenadelSur
172
NuevaPas
1
460
Pfplan
4
Quivican.....
3
35
20
229
8
8
191
14
43
34
10
18
812
5
4
i'
80
Rnrla
818
Salud
80
San Antonio de las Vegas ....
Ban Antonio de los Banos
San Felipe
44
57
135
213
884
194
28
60
28
20
89
20
6
5
19
5
5
21
2
3
275
90
San Jos6 de las Lajas
Sftn Nir'niiMi
147
204
Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Maria del Rosario .
163
82
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
4
264
86
Vereda Nueva......
25
The province
50,990
6,766
2,558
11,650
^
14,880
14,898
COLORED FEMALES.
Akiuizar
Bafnoa
648
1,191
169
771
530
495
1
22
217
58
61
31
78
606
i
1
23
960
4
lU
Batabano
1 1
709
Baum .....
1
488
Beiucal
71 1
409
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
413
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province op Habana— Continued.
COLORED PEMALES-Continued.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district,]
Districts.
Total.
Aflrricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Cano - -
216
143
272
127
8,061
t,67U
180
1,787
1,435
38,788
S8,kS0
233
408
566
254
1,333
622
1,587
37
258
1,180
114
151
1,078
817
482
689
542
331
1,047
109
72
2
83
28
19
22
675
6kg
3
217
197
11,342
ll,t69
28
108
25
29
324
57
190
1
22
223
5
10
318
70
24
161
46
6
213
10
14
181
Oasignas ^^„,.,,^^,-- _.
116
Catalina
3
1
1
1
204
toi
249
Ceibadel Agua
108
Onanahacoa
City of Guanabacoa
Qxiara
8
9
1
1
2,178
1,8S8
177
Ofiines
1
1
12
9
2,889
t,S67
1,556
25,080
Ouira de Melena .....%- - -
Habana
8
8
23
16
16
Cityof Haba/na.
54.758
Made Finos.
205
Jaruco - ................ ..
1
10
289
Madruga
541
Mnnacua -..rr
2
34
8
11
S23
Hariiuiao
4
971
Helena del Sur
I
2
556
NueyaPaz
Pipian
1,876
86
Quivican
1
70
286
fiegla
887
8alnd
100
San Antonio de las Vegas....
San Antonio de los Banos. . . .
141
1
41
1
1
11
2
1
72
1.
718
San Felipe
246
San Jose de las Lajas
San Nicolas
457
617
Santa Cruz del Norte
494
Santa Maria del Bosario
824
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaote
1
1
1
750
08
Vflredft Nueya
58
61.224
22
31
2,900
19
14,891
43,381
Provincb op Matanzas.
TOTAL POPULATION.
Alacranes . ^
8,110
9,179
5,184
1,993
24,861
S1,9W
8,174
12,195
5,807
6,000
5,853
7,529
5,042
10,405
8,905
45,282
S6,m
4.046
2.168
7,647
4,449
4,464
5,205
6,766
2,966
6,226
2,808
8,270
1,786
749
2,526
1,683
1.261
2,741
2,088
2,241
1,870
1,817
1,431
3,706
3.066
4,752
l,8t3
1,364
1,036
2,6U2
1,577
2,013
1,651
2,168
1,031
1,256
208
306
108
68
1,968
1,883
52
600
112
156
175
277
95
292
301
3,338
109
23
248
157
66
115
180
56
274
808
311
66
49
2,259
f,S17
77
576
247
161
126
421
106
340
475
4,242
l»,125
124
21
214
207
63
117
176
41
271
86
23
10
6
169
162
12
61
14
12
7
27
14
22
24
447
U26
11
8
22
12
8
12
16
13
433
457
66
108
2,898
S^79£
93
984
272
185
179
884
124
219
183
6,102
U,608
119
99
320
157
145
165
96
48
275
4,838
4,812
Bolondron
CabezKS
8,153
OanffAl . .
1,018
Cardenas
15,046
Cityof Cardetuu
IS, 199
Carlos Bojas
1,679
7,233
8,074
^on v!..!!: ::: .:
Cue vitas
Ouamacaro
8,246
JagHey Grande
8,406
Jovellanos
Macagna
4.60B
8,278
Macuriges
5.827
Marti .7
4.856
|ffi.«i^iizas .^...^..^.^..
27,267
CityofMatcunzoM .. .
SS,OBU
2,819
Mendez Capote
976
PaimlllaA ,., .
4,241
Perico
2,339
Boque
2.160
RuN^nlliA
3,145
San Jos4 de los Bamos
Santa Ana
Union deBeyes
4,120
1,782
8.187
The province
202, iU
50,804
9,407
10,992
988
13,105
117,148
Digitized by VjOOQIC
414
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Ckmtinued.
PROVINCB OF Matanzas— Continiied.
TOTAL MALES.
[Figures in italios are included in those for tbe proTinoe or distrioi.]
Districts.
Total
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porU-
Uon.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Wittout
gainful
oocapa-
tion.
4,678
4,860
2,606
1.086
11,744
10,S06
1,616
0,216
8.138
8.000
8,092
8.678
2,666
6,462
4,931
21.905
16,926
2.102
1,344
4.166
2.486
2,677
2.678
8.662
1,677
2,622
2,481
2.866
1,701
728
2,808
1,6S9
992
2,676
1,8»7
1,866
1.867
1,432
1,427
8,126
2.602
4,718
1,805
i.m
918
2,367
1,415
1,866
1,630
2,081
1.031
1.163
198
808
108
67
1,963
1,883
62
692
111
166
174
276
95
• 287
801
8,438
5.504
109
23
246
167
66
116
180
66
272
279
294
66
87
1.948
1,907
66
629
232
157
126
414
106
886
470
8.838
3,217
120
21
174
204
62
111
178
41
285
80
19
8
5
138
133
6
48
11
8
4
20
11
16
20
348
333
7
8
15
10
4
6
18
6
11
182
186
40
87
834
873
24
433
83
64
78
id4
98
138
120
2,432
2,003
61
22
109
86
60
70
68
88
82
1,401
Boiondron ........... ......
1.238
Cabems . .
STB
r>T?fUi1
£U
Cardenas
Cityof Ccwdentu
4,8©
5,771
CarlosBoJas
475
Oolon
1.947
CneTltaai
«H
890
•TairtleT Orande - r
858
Joyellanos
1,237
MacagQA... ^,,,,^-^
929
Hacnriires
1,561
Marti .
1.338
Matanisaif.
j.em
Ci ty of Matanxat .
6,9SU
Maximo 0«fn«« . -r
634
Mendes Capote
357
PftlmlIIa«
t244
Perico
614
Roqne
511
Sabanilla
737
San Joe6 de los Ramos
Bft-nta Ana . .,.,,,„,,,
1,147
405
Union deBeyes
850
The province
108,726
46,496
9,339
9,582
767
5.687
32,005
TOTAL FEMALES.
Alacranes ....,
8,637
4,329
2.679
908
13.117
11, 73U
1,659
6,980
2,660
2,910
2,761
3.956
2.377
4,953
3.974
23,377
19, IM
1,944
814
3,492
1.963
1.887
2.527
3.113
1,388
2.604
323
404
a5
21
138
269
65
191
385
13
386
4
680
874
34
18
193
118
236
162
148
12
87
6
3
24
17
6
4
2
1
31
29
6
13
3
4
8
7
3
6
4
99
93
4
250
321
17
71
1,950
1,919
60
661
160
121
101
190
26
81
68
2,670
2,606
58
77
211
71
76
95
88
10
193
2.99D
Boiondron .
3,580
0>M7,M
I475
Canasi
1
5
5
7
2
12
311
310
11
47
16
4
m
Cardeniw . .
10,688
Cityof Cardenas
9,&JS
Carlos Bojas
1,204
Colon
5,286
Cuevitas
2.270
Qnamacaro r
2,396
iTA(r(i<^v Grande
i
1
i^SS
Jovellanos ....... ......... .
7
3,866
Macagna ....
2,344
Macuriges .... ...... ......
6
t
909
908
4
4^
M«rti . .
3^^
84
3U
19,681
City of Matanzas
16,790
Maximo Gomez
l,68i
Mend<??! Caiwte .... . . . r - -
619
Pftlmniiuf
2
40
8
1
6
8
7
2
4
6
3
1
2
2,997
Perico
1,725
Roque
1,668
Sabanilla
2,406
Ban Jofl^ de Ion Ramos
2.962
Santa Ana
i;877
Union de Beyra
93
2
86
2.278
The province
98,718
4,808
68
1,460
221
7,618
85,143
TOTAL NATIVE WHITE.
Alacranes.
Balondron
Oabezas...
Canasi....
3.676
3.819
3,687
1,088
1,055
1,197
400
71
114
46
37
117
26
100
2.464
111
20
88
2.431
38
7
29
2,870
21
3
83
544
Digitized
by Google
O00XJPATION8.
415
Table XXIV— Continued.
Pbovincb of Matakzas— Continiied.
TOTAL NATIVE WHITB-Continued.
[Filriu'eB in italics are included in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Cardenas
Cityof Cardenas
(DarlosKojas
Colon
Cnevitas
Onamacaro
Jtiig^ej Grande
Jovellanos
Macagna
Macnriges
MarU
Matanzas
City of Matanxcu ...
MaximoQomez
Hendez Capote
PalmlUas
Perico
Boque
Sabanilla ...
San Jof 6 de los Ramos .
Santa Aim
Union de Reyes
The province 108,682
Total.
ricul-
lure,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
14,066
i.m
6.706
8.087
2.605
3,674
2,836
2,624
4.008
4,126
27,671
fO,931
1,788
1,142
8,337
1,662
2,066
2,630
2,673
1,603
2,237
Ayr
tu
1,160
61^
845
1.061
928
700
1,047
360
636
1,064
1,106
2,008
857
486
406
844
386
800
797
728
616
417
20,212
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factor-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
818
11
207
30
55
68
98
26
86
86
1,633
1,56S
40
10
87
49
22
87
42
8,824
1,220
1,199
80
246
80
67
72
194
41
138
214
2,051
1,979
46
12
89
88
84
33
62
16
106
6,116
Profes-
sional
serviced
107
los
7
44
12
9
5
21
11
13
19
304
t91
7
2
16
8
7
10
11
7
7
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
1,98
16
168
40
46
40
74
18
60
46
1,620
l,tOO
24
11
68
20
28
31
16
10
40
8,060
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
10,212
8,701
762
8.091
1,047
1,728
2,483
2,069
1,792
2,667
2,665
19,166
u,out
1,185
702
2,243
1,107
1.165
1.722
1,825
1,024
1.576
69,789
NATIVE WHITE MALES.
Alacranes. ...... .-........■-••
1,972
1,047
1,823
570
6,381
6,S08
502
2.766
1,683
1.200
1,836
1,273
1,258
2,048
2,163
12,837
9,219
Oil
676
1,728
850
1,147
1.354
1,306
810
1,008
807
1,046
1,176
397
1,138
6$6
848
1,047
022
682
1,045
866
633
1,046
1,006
2,000
857
484
406
843
384
796
704
717
616
417
71
113
46
86
867
816
11
206
30
56
68
08
26
86
86
1,624
1,553
40
10
87
49
22
37
42
22
88
118
106
88
14
1,064
1,033
82
237
76
66
72
^!?
132
211
1,628
1,556
46
12
70
83
84
33
62
16
100
21
17
5
2
82
79
2
82
0
6
2
14
8
11
15
224
S16
4
2
10
6
8
4
8
6
6
76
80
27
10
302
t77
6
121
28
28
36
55
16
44
44
1,160
875
23
10
33
26
26
26
12
10
25
704
Balondron
627
Cabezas
631
CaniM*! ,
lU
Cardenas
2,048
Cityof Cardenas .......
2,U68
Carlos Rojas
106
Colon... .....................
1,122
Cnevitas
618
Ouamacaro . ...... ....
.Tfurflf^v Orande
462
613
Jovellanos...
660
MacaguA- .-.^--.,-.-
634
Macuriges ......... ........
725
Marti
710
Matf^^KAS
6.202
City of Matanzas .
U,16t
y ftximo Qomftz _ ,
814
Mendez Canote .. ...
237
Palmillas
685
Perico ........... ......
803
RoQue ---. ................
266
Hfthi^nillft
460
Santa Ana
665
251
Union de Reves
468
The province
50.324
20,060
8,800
4,454
486
2.199
10,284
NATIVE WHITE FEMALES.
Alacranes
1,704
1.872
1,864
460
7,704
6,65U
587
2,041
1
9
21
3
12
8
2
4
4
6
5
8
2
1
25
su
6
12
24
49
2
14
235
SSI
9
47
1.670
Bolondron
1
1.804
Cabezas
1,839
Canasi
1
2
S
7
166
166
7
8
433
Cardenas -
7,264
Cityof Cardenas
(5,«5
Carlos Bojas
564
Colon
i'
2,860
Digitized by VjOOQIC
416
BEPOBT ON THK CENSUS OF CUBA, 18M.
Table XXIV— Cotitinued.
Pbovincb of Matanzas— Continiied.
NATIVE WHTTB FEMALBS-Oontiiiaed.
[Flgares in ItaUos are Inohided in those for the prortnce or district.]
DirtriotB.
TotaL
Affricol-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
inR.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
^on.
ICann-
factur-
ini^and
mechan-
ioalin-
dnstries.
Profes-
sional
serrioe.
Domes-
tic aad
personal
serrioe.
Without
gainfo)
tiod
Cuevitas
1,464
1,306
1.8W
l,5flB
1,200
1,900
1,9QS
14,734
11,71S
877
400
1.600
812
90V
1.276
i.2n
774
1,144
6
18
2
3
8
9
8
8
4
1
8
8
8
7
8
2
4
80
75
8
12
18
14
19
2
6
2
351
US
1
1
25
4
2
5
3
1 421
tm
Jag^nny Orande
1,880
4
l.Sfll
Maracrna
I'sss
Macnriffee
1
3
428
its
I.MS
Marti!^!!.::::::::::::::::::::
Matanzas
, 9
9
13, 8e
City of MatanxoM
lOySSO
Maximo Aom as
2
871
Mendes Capote......
46S
PRlmill^ „
1
2
4
3
U
19
6
2
4
6
8
1
2
1,566
Pertoo
804
Boone.........................
809
Rabknnia
1.98S
San Jose de los Bamos ....
1.260
Ban ta Ana
773
Union de Beyes
1
8
16
1,118
Ths province
62,366
182
15
061
186
800
50,506
TOTAL FOBEION WHTTB.
AlfMrran«». , -
486
789
287
81
2,814
t,081
174
824
398
359
430
411
191
690
427
4,512
S,6UU
138
126
427
257
227
401
612
251
404
246
418
184
31
260
18S
89
801
184
179
241
117
82
330
118
642
ttb
50
02
192
110
169
181
283
129
130
92
130
38
20
929
89S
32
229
09
68
86
106
51
187
141
1,476
42
11
101
49
21
46
81
30
130
88
68
U
6
8U
soo
8
8S
60
23
12
65
27
44
88
401
577
20
4
40
87
3
19
60
7
27.
8
S
8
8
42
S9
6
13
2
2
2
6
8
6
6
118
no
8
1
4
8
1
2
4
85
19
6
6
194
m
8
56
14
10
16
46
14
21
12
666
i8$
8
1
19
14
9
21
15
3
16
83
Bolondron
161
OahfMWi ,
se
Onnasi . , . . .
16
Cardenas
560
Cityof Cardentu
i9S
Carlos Bo jaa ,
37
Colon
144
C^nevitas
69
Gnamacaro
87
Jftgney C*randf>.
74
Macacrna
78
14
Macurises
161
Mi^rtl .
08
Matanzatt
1,320
City of Matanzas
2,OS7
Maximo Oomes
20
Mendez Capote
17
Pahnillas
71
Perico
44
Roqne
84
flAhfLnilH . ,
133
San Jose de los Bamos
^TitA Ana . .
180
8S
Union de Beyes
4
98
The prorinoe
16,235
4,700
4,104
1,438
242
1.106
3,646
FOBEION WHTTE MALEa
425
628
198
64
1.792
1,6SU
143
092
331
269
369
244
412
134
30
260
183
89
301
184
174
241
90
129
38
20
927
891
32
2S8
69
58
86
88
02
14
6
302
t9l
8
81
00
28
12
8
2
8
8
87
SS
4
12
2
2
2
28
12
6
6
157
158
8
42
13
10
16
82
Bolondron . .............
11
Cabezas
3
Canasi
Cardenas
100
Cityof Cardenas
as
Carlos Bojas
7
Colon.....
28
Cnevitas
z
Gnamacaro
8
Jaffuey Grande
8
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS,
417
Table XXIV.— Continued.
Province op Matanzas— Continaed.
FOREIGN WHITE MALES-Contlnned.
[PifmroB in italics are includcHl in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Jovellanos
Macag^oa
Macnriges
Marti
Matanzas
City of Maianzas . . .
Maximo Gomez
Mendez Capote
Palmillas
Perico
Roque
Sabanilla
San Jose de los Ramos .
Santa Ana
Union de Reyes
The province 11,860
Total
AfiTicnl-
tnre,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
180
651
870
3,290
9,695
116
112
861
213
196
271
446
174
317
116
82
329
116
641
SfS
49
92
192
110
159
180
281
129
130
4,684
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factor-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dostries.
106
51
137
141
1,468
1,U5
42
11
99
49
21
46
81
30
130
4,080
565
20
4
40
35
3
19
50
7
27
1.413
Profes-
sional
service.
5
3
5
5
101
91,
2
1
4
8
1
2
4
215
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
45
14
21
12
484
US
3
1
16
14
9
17
15
3
11
957
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
15
3
15
13
207
m
10
2
3
7
15
5
15
FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES.
Alacranes
71
161
89
17
522
31
132
07
90
71
50
11
148
67
1,222
9t»9
22
14
66
44
31
130
166
n
87
1
1
2
1
7
61
Bolondron
1
1
150
Cabezas
80
Canasi
1
16
Cardenas
2
f
9
9
6
U
1
1
37
S5
469
Ciiyof Cardenas
l$07
Carlos Rojas
30
Colon
1
1
13
1
116
Cuevitas
66
5
85
jftgnfty Grande
71
Jovellanos
1
1
57
11
Macnriges
Marti
1
2
1
1
146
1
55
Mi^t^nzAs
7
7
12
17
16
1
72
71
1.113
City of Jiatanzcu
845
MaxirnQt^omez ,,...
i
20
Mendez Capote
14
Palmillas .. . .
2
3
61
Perico
2
42
Roque
81
SabaniUa '.
1
1
4
125
San Jose de los Ramos
165
Santa Ana
77
Union de Reyes . ......
4
m
The province ...........
3,3S6
16
16
25
27
140
3.153
TOTAL COLORED.
Alacranes
Bolondron
Cabezas
Canasi
Cardenas
Cityof Cardenas
Carlos Rojas
Colon
Cuevitas
Guamacaro
Jaguey Grande
Jovellanos
Macagna
Macnriges
24662 27
3,038
4,571
1,210
874
8.462
7,897
1,821
6.665
2,372
3,036
1,749
4,283
2,327
6,703
1,660
1,808
455
318
i,iar
856
827
1,389
976
1,362
582
1,341
713
2.321
40
62
19
11
180
177
9
164
13
42
21
73
18
153
137
14
23
728
71S
30
249
107
71
42
162
37
163
297
850
2,162
f,/«i
75
761
218
129
115
264
92
148
1,786
2,220
601
4o3
4.265
h,005
880
8,096
l.ObS
1.431
989
2,442
1.467
2,999
Digitized by VjOOQIC
418
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province of Matanzas— Oontiniied.
TOTAL COLORED— ContUmed.
[Figures in italics are indnded in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Marti
MataTiMW
City of Matanx€u . .
Maximo Oomez
Mendez Capote
PalmUlas
Perioo
Boqne
Sabanilla
Ban Jose de los Bamos
Santa Ana
Union de Reyes
The province
Total.
Airricnl-
tore,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
4,863
13.199
11,799
2.120
890
3.883
2.530
2,181
2,174
8.480
i.m
2,585
84,527
1,843
1,303
7U
828
639
1,566
1,081
1,054
673
1,158
387
709
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factnr-
ingand
mechan-
ical in-
dnstries.
75
364
554
27
2
60
59
23
33
57
4
55
25,892 I
1,479
178
1,790
1,769
58
5
85
87
26
65
74
19
136
4,439
Profes-
sional
service.
63
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Withoat
gainful
oocnpa-
tion.
125
8,006
i,9t$
92
87
243
114
IQB
U3i
66
35
230
2,133
6.ne
5,98$
I.U4
257
1.92:
1,188
970
1,201
2,124
63B
1,4©
8,940 43.714
COLORED MALES.
Alacranes „„ ^,, .-.,---
2,176
2,275
584
442
3,671
S,27U
880
2,758
1,224
1,622
898
1,948
1,227
2.858
2,398
6,778
6,0li
1,075
666
2,066
1,423
1,234
1.058
1,810
584
1,212
1,840
1,408
891
801
991
8U
560
1,328
791
1,000
671
960
712
1,761
1,478
1,177
7fS
638
421
1,332
921
910
665
1,063
387
616
87
61
19
11
179
m
9
158
12
42
20
73
18
64
75
346
27
2
60
69
23
82
67
4
54
133
127
14
18
692
58S
26
211
96
68
42
159
87
159
176
1,316
Ut96
54
6
64
86
26
59
71
19
106
1
78
85
16
12
475
1»58
15
260
42
26
28
94
68
73
64
779
716
35
11
60
47
34
27
31
25
46
6BT
Bolondron -
694
Cabesas
144
Canasi
100
Cardenas . ... .,,....,
19
19
1.315
270
Citypf Cardenas
Carlos Rojas
Colon -
4
W7
Cnevftas ^ . ^ . . . ,
283
Onamacaro
386
Jagney Grande ...
Jovellanos
23T
1
oae
Ms^rnriffAs . . . .
398
811
Marti
006
Matanzas
28
S5
1
2.137
1.918
Maximo G-omez
89)
Mendez Capote
Pw-imlllas ^
117
1
1
549
Perioo
80B
Roane
212
fU>in1il*
«n
San Jose de los Ramos
Santa Ana
1
567
148
Union de Reyes
2
386
The province
41,662
21.732
1,441
3,666
54
2,431
12 2SV
COLORED FEMALES.
Alacranes
Bolondron .................
1,762
2,296
626
432
4,891
l4,6i!i
941
2,907
1,148
1,514
851
2,335
1,100
2,846
1.955
7,421
6,787
1,046
820
894
64
17
116
S5
297
61
185
862
11
381
1
670
864
26
18
190
3
1
20
10
1
219
266
16
67
1,687
1.665
60
601
176
108
87
170
24
75
61
2,247
57
1.199
1,(186
547
rbLTMMfi ., ,
5
186
1S6
4
38
11
3
853
Cardenas -
1
1
1
1
2.950
Cityof Cardena*
t,788
8S2?~^.'!'::::::::.:;:::::::
610
6
I
2.801
Cnevitaa
775
Qnamacaro
1
7SS
JagTifly Qrande.
1
1
Jovollanoff..
3
1.790
1,075
Macagna
6
4
2
474
475
4
3
2.188
Marti ■■ '■
1^5«
4,666
4,007
794
Matanzas ... . .
18
18
2
City of Matanxaa
Maximo Qomez
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
419
Table XXIV— Continued.
Pbovince of Matanzas — Continned«
COLORED FEMAT.K&-Continued.
[Fifirnrea in italics are indnded in those for the proyinoe or district.]
Districts.
Total
A«ricnl
tnre,
flsherieH.
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
faotnr-
ingand
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
serrioe.
Domes-
tic and
personal
serrioe.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Mendez Capote
884
1,817
1.107
947
1,121
1.670
637
1,873
118
234
160
144
8
76
76
188
67
74
86
35
10
174
140
PalmllU«
21
1
1
6
8
1
1.378
879
Perico
Boqae ... ... ..-....-
728
Sabanilla .-
1,021
1,557
San Jo66 de los Ranaos
RantA AtM^
527
Union de Reyes
98
1
28
1,077
42,976
4,160
38
774
9
6.609
31,485
Provincb of Pinar del Rio.
TOTAL population.
Artemisa
Bahia Honda
Cabanas
Candelaria
Consolacion del Norte . .
Consolaoion del Sur
Ouanajay
Guane
Ouayabal
Julian Diaz
LosPalacios
Mantua -
Mariel
Pinar del Rio
City of Pinar del Lio
San Cristobal
San Diego de los Bafios .
San Diego de Nufiez
San Juan y Martinez ...
.San Lnifl
Vifiales
The province
9,317
'.117
3.853
4.866
7,399
10,G65
8,796
14.760
2,710
1,871
2.466
8,366
3,681
38,843
8,880
4,263
2,419
1,137
14.787
7,r>08
17,700
173.064
2,674
425
973
1,466
1,893
4,099
vn
5.884
767
768
698
2,756
814
9,696
IS
1,086
886
290
6.401
2.849
6.067
241
55
71
97
86
328
473
376
37
23
91
219
151
1,214
9C8
139
38
11
257
172
353
48,697
4,432
263
47
173
94
77
319
665
219
29
9
52
94
122
992
85U
76
42
16
143
108
196
3,636
17
2
6
16
12
36
43
26
8
1
6
9
6
119
98
21
8
786
211
469
292
677
1,097
1,146
256
246
16
265
361
355
2,721
i,()53
374
70
154
537
147
540
399
10,699
6,486
1.377
2.171
2,901
4.654
10,787
6.506
8.000
1,623
1.060
1.444
4,937
2,183
23,001
U,S9U
2,618
1,375
666
8,428
4,807
11,627
106,202
TOTAL MALES.
Artemisa ^
Bahia Honda
6.013
1.003
2.143
2.020
3.945
8,555
4,306
8,400
1,439
983
1.803
4,637
1,802
20.082
2,276
1,302
672
8,170
8,988
9,350
2.669
416
973
1,466
1,885
4.099
971
6,865
767
762
606
2,755
814
9,683
IS
1,086
860
288
5,380
2,331
5,047
241
55
71
97
86
327
469
876
37
23
91
218
149
1,183
033
139
38
11
257
169
363
258
42
172
85
62
818
502
215
28
9
46
86
116
816
687
09
40
13
130
107
191
16
2
6
14
10
27
88
25
6
1
6
9
5
112
91
19
7
640
161
441
222
684
964
860
103
193
15
226
218
219
1,563
um
281
84
124
153
74
815
1,280
327
Cabafias
Candelaria
Consolacion del Norte
Consolacion del Sur.....
481
736
1,368
2,800
1,305
1,816
Guanajay
Qnane ......... .......
Onayahal
Julian Diaz .... . . .
406
183
Loe Palacioe
340
Ml^ntniL
1.251
Mariel
499
Pinar del Rio
6,725
City of Pinar del Rio
San Cristobal
2,407
733
San Diego de los Bafios
San Diego de Nufiez
323
136
San Juan y Martinez
San Luis
21
22
15
2,220
1,286
VfffftlAA
3,429
The province
91.688
48,652
4,390
8.313
350
7,360
27.714
Digitized by
Google
420
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province of Pinar del Rio— Continaed.
TOTAL FEMALES.
[FUmres in Italios are Included in those for the profrince or district.]
Districts.
4.304
1,114
1.710
2,246
3,464
8,110
4,501
6,360
1,271
888
1,153
3,829
1,829
18,261
1.987
1,117
5a5
6.617
3.62U
8,360
The proTinoe 81,376
Artemisa
Bahia Honda
Cabafias
Candelaria
Consolaclon del Norte . . .
Consoladon del Bur
Qoanajay..
Guane
Ouayabal
Julian Dias
LosPalacios
Mantna
Mariel
Pinardel Bio
City of Pinar del Rio.
San Cristobal
San Diegro de los Bafkoe ..
Ban Diego de Nnfiez
San Joan y Martinez —
San Luis
Vifiales
TotaL
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries^
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
13
26 I
2 I
21 .
1» I
20
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
seryioe.
6
176
mi
7
2
3
4
1
4
145
421
TOTAL NATIVE WHITE.
NATIVE WHITE MALES.
Domes-
tic and
personal
serrice.
40
146
50
18
70
143
113
286
152
53
1
80
133
136
1,158
9SS
93
86
30
384
73
225
Without
gainful
oocupa-
tiML
4,m
1,06D
1.600
2,165
3.286
7,987
4.233
6,184
1,215
886
1.104
3.686
1.684
16.878
5,4S7
1.885
^2S
530
e,208
3.523
8,008
77,488
Artemisa
5,757
808
1,313
2,939
5,233
9,842
5,646
11.023
1,882
1,060
1,473
6,471
2,151
26.023
h,908
2,822
1,760
458
10,202
5,164
12,886
1,506
235
472
930
1,190
2.597
605
4,226
487
444
411
2,012
624
6,323
8
660
610
183
3,318
1,534
8,482
08
24
40
44
30
118
223
148
21
9
32
108
101
401
SOU
79
24
5
76
72
134
141
16
82
43
30
141
209
98
18
3
27
51
73
437
S71
45
14
8
65
41
06
14
2
4
12
7
29
32
18
6
808
8
7
02
625
an
500
114
135
7
114
258
66
1.136
7«
200
42
5
801
63
139
8,600
Bahia Honda..
518
0^>1flfllUf
706
Candelaria
1.800
Consoladon del Norte
Consolaclon del Snr
8.448
e.63S
C3luanajay..........^r. -
8;807
Guane' .' ....r
6,421
Ouayabal
1^215
tTulian Diaz ........ ......r
607
LosPalacios
8
6
8
86
\i
6
886
Mantua
4.036
Mariel
i;386
PltiRr dnl Rirt .
17.640
City Of Pinar del Rio
San Cnstobal
1.801
San Diego de los Bafioe
BanDieffo deNufiez... .......
1,064
288
San Jnan y Martinez, ....
14
17.
10
6438
San Luis
81447
Yifialeft .
0;(B4
The province ........ t -
114,907
31,857
1,787
1.717
285
4.420
74,83S
Artemisa •.
2,078
401
754
1,549
2,720
4.947
2.593
6,987
949
551
770
3,872
1.068
1.604
235
472
039
1,187
2,697
605
4,211
487
443
409
2,011
624
98
24
40
44
80
117
223
148
21
0
32
107
100
140
12
82
41
28
141
262
91
17
3
22
44
60
13
2
3
11
5
21
20
18
4
277
866
Bahia Honda
128
na>M^«iw
167
Candelaria
70
468
301
685
87
118
7
106
170
64
486
Consoladon del Norte
Consoladon del Sur
1.0«
1,770
Guanaiav...... r ,.
940
Guane ....^---,---r--
1.488
Ouayabal
808
Julian Diaz . ..
89
LosPalados.
2
6
2
100
Mantua -. -r
l.OS
Mariel
'330
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
421
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province of Pinar del Bio— Continaed.
NATIVE WHITE MALES— Continued.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Total
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Pinar dAl W"
12,940
9,175
1,468
917
246
5,373
2,601
6,467
6,817
8
669
600
181
8,303
1,520
3,470
306
£99
79
24
5
76
71
134
847
$8S
41
12
2
58
41
94
81
68
14
5
809
665
176
84
5
98
26
66
4,990
96g
489
CityofJHnardelRio
Ban Cniito>>Ai
San Diego de los Bafloa
San Diearo de Nufiez . ...
242
66
Ran Jnan Y Martinez . , r
14
14
9
1,729
980
San T'P^**
Viflal*-^
2,696
The province r ^ ,
58,673
31,774
1,778
1,642
263
8,863
19,863
NATIVE WHITE FEMALES.
Artemisa
Bahia Honda.-
Cabafias
Candelaria
Gonsolacion del Norte .
Oonsolacion del Sur
Guanajay
Ouane
Ouayabal
Julian Diaz
LosPalacioe
Mantua
Mariel
Pinar del Bio
City of Pinar del Bio . .
San Cristobal
San Diego de los Bafios
San Diego de Nufiez —
San Juan y Martinez ...
San Luis
Vifiales
The province
2,779
402
550
1,390
2,513
4,895
3,053
5,036
033
509
708
8,009
1,063
i;},083
t,7S3
1,354
843
210
4,929
2,563
6,418
56,334
15
83
175
82
8
79
11
327
fSt?
1,066
2,744
890
661
1,374
2,440
4,866
2,948
4,942
918
606
687
8,011
1,046
12,65^
1,815
823
207
4,700
2,617
6,329
64,960
TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE.
Artemisa
Bahia Honda
Cabafias
Candelaria..
Consolaci6n del Norte. . . .
Cons61aci6n del Sur
Guanajay
Guane
Guayabal
Julian Diaz
Loe Palacios
M&ntua
Mariel
Pinar del Bio
City of Pinar del Rio
San Cristobal
San Diego de los Banos .
San Diego de Nunez
San Juan y Martinez ...
San Luis
Vifiales
The province ,
470
62
153
221
331
664
667
1,177
240
46
87
468
142
2,750
l,0f5
152
75
45
1,300
477
1,182
10,718
221
28
76
118
172
357
90
706
72
22
27
271
66
1,126
U
77
35
30
975
281
554
5.300
123
21
27
40
51
174
199
200
13
14
43
108
6U6
51
13
5
162
85
193
2,234
1
4
32
6
156
J2S
6
6
4
40
28
44
502
00
36
2
4
i
4
44
6
10
130
7
67
2
78
1
2
3
1
30
3
2
29
335
SI
lU
6
2
18
2
225
66
10
27
44
48
83
170
108
60
6
10
432
187
13
10
6
98
77
158
1,400
Digitized by VjOOQIC
422 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province op Pinar del Rio— Contmned.
FOREIGN WHITE MALES.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.]
Districta
Total
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
^on.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustHes.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
iwrsonal
service.
Without
gainful
oocupa*
tioi^
AA*temi8a
421
62
127
188
291
589
501
1,086
184
42
82
447
114.
2,436
861,
144
61
89
1.212
407
1,026
221
28
76
118
172
357
90
707
72
22
27
271
66
1.125
U
77
85
30
975
281
552
128
21
27
40
51
174
196
200
13
14
48
108
86
657
59S
51
13
5
162
83
196
22
8
21
14
12
44
50
92
6
1
4
32
6
152
• 119
6
6
4
39
28
43
1
83
21
BahiaHonda
Cabafias
2
3
4
6
8
7
2
1
3
I
3
27
19
5
2
1
Candelaria
18
Con8olaci6n del Norte ...
Cone61aci6n del Sur
44
8
8
OuanaJav.. -. .
136
66
75
2
22
Onane
13
Guayabal
16
Julian PIak
2
Los Palacios
5
M&ntua ..... .
39
i
Mariel
3
Pinar del Bio
8»
157
148
aty of Pinar del Bio
San Cristobal
6S
5
San Diego d© los Banos ......
5
San Diego de Nunez
San Juan y Martinez
San LuiH
7
4
6
12
17
11
Vifiales-.*.
221
u
The province. ... ....
9,447
5,302
2,204
585
92
964
310
FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES.
Artemisa
49
10
26
33
40
75
166
92
66
4
6
21
28
824
161
8
14
6
88
70
166
1
8
45
Bahia Honda
10
nfth*«wi
26
CSandelaria ....... ......
1
1
81
Consolaci6n del Norte
40
Con861aci6n del Sur
76
Guanajay
4
2
3
I
8
157
Guane ............... ...... .
1
90
Guayabal. ......
68
Julian Diaz .... . . .
4
Los Palacios
6
M&ntua
21
Mariel
2
9
7
26
Pinar del Rio ,
1
24
4
U
2
8
2B4
City of Pinar del Bio
San Cristobal
m
8
San Diogo de los Banos
14
San Diego de Nunez
6
San Juan y Martinez ...
2
2
1
6
2
4
81
San Luis.r
66
Vl^ftl^fl
1
2
147
The province
1,271
4
80
7
7
84
1,189
TOTAL colored.
Ar^Amiw
8,090
1,252
2.387
1,706
1,835
6,159
2.483
2,560
588
765
890
1,427
1,338
9,561
757
162
436
409
531
1,145
276
950
208
287
160
473
224
2,247
1
20
10
4
13
5
36
61
28
8
99
28
70
37
26
134
216
84
5
6
21
11-
48
899
seo
2
442
208
452
199
108
776
417
74
88
7
151
54
288
1.260
i,m
1,770
Bahia Honda . . .
849
r^nbnftAif
1,486
Candelaria
1,048
Con»olaci6n del Norte
Cons61aci6n del Sur
1
1164
4,068
Guanajay....... .........
1
1
1.5S2
Guane ..
1.473
Guayabal
839
Julian Diaz
466
Lob Palacios
16
8
14
182
118
548
M&ntua
2
879
Mariel
790
Pipur del Rio . ...
4
k
5,629
City of Pinar del Bio
tm
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
423
Table XXIV— Continued.
Peovince op Pinab del Rio — Contmaed.
TOTAL COLORED-Ck)ntlnued.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Total
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
i>orta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes.
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
8#Ti Oi«*t"Nil _ -
1,288
584
634
8,285
1,967
8,633
289
241
n
1,108
584
1,081
9
1
1
19
15
26
26
22
9
48
39
55
166
28
149
318
92
.176
801
San Diego de loe Bancs
292
San Diefco de Nunez
888
1.892
1,283
2,346
San Luis. I
4
VifSftlAli
The province
47,489
11,634
411
1,826
15
5,282
28,871
COLORED MALES.
Artemisa ............. ... -..-
1,614
560
1,282
888
934
8,019
1,111
1,828
806
890
461
718
600
4,707
lytn
664
824
286
1,685
980
1,857
754
153
425
409
526
1,145
276
947
208
287
160
473
224
2,241
1
289
225
77
1,102
530
1,025
20
10
4
18
5
36
51
28
3
96
27
69
30
22
133
190
82
6
5
19
10
41
817
t86
22
22
7
47
88
54
2
880
161
441
148
22
688
199
412
Bnhi# HnndA. , , . . , .
199
828
Oi»nde1aria r
288
CimRolacidn del Norte
Gon861aci6n del Bur
1
858
1,022
884
Ouanalav
1
Gnane .. ,,... ,
821
Quaya'bivl . . . r
00
Julian "Diaz
6
120
92
LosPalacios
16
8
18
130
W
9
1
1
19
16
26
186
MAntuA r
2
225
Mariel
165
428
105
157
PiTi»T del Ri" . ,
4
1,687
288
City of Pinar del Bio
San Cristobal
San Diego de los Banos
San Diearo de Nunez . ... .
76
119
43
49
29
81
San Juan y Martinez .........
474
San Luis .... . .. ...
4
844
Vi«^ie«
728
The province
23,668
11,476
408
1,186
14
8,048
7.641
COLORED FEMALES.
ATtem<«R. - --,-.,_-- ---
1,476
702
1,125
823
901
8,140
1,372
1,232
282
875
445
709
738
4,854
J,7S0
625
260
849
1,600
987
1,776
3
9
3
28
2
112
42
11
56
86
98
218
74
83
1
81
64
128
822
699
60
28
80
176
48
147
1.868
BabiaHon<)a .
650
Cftbafiftff
1,118
Candelaria. . ......
760
Consolaci6n del Norte .....
5
806
Cons61aci6n del Bur
8,046
OuanaJav .... .. ..
1 iS
Onane . .. -...,-- ., .- _
8
1
1,152
Guayabal - . ,-
248
Julian Piaz
874
Lios Palaclos .
2
1
2
82
75
8
412
H&ntua
664
Mariel . .
1
2
1
612
Pinar del Rio.. -
6
8.942
City of Pinar del Bio
San Cristobal
965
662
San Diego deles Banos
San Diego de Nunez..
16
216
2
1
1
1
817
San JuaSa v Martinez .
6
4
6
1.418
San Luis
938
VlfS#le«
1,622
The province
23,771
58
3 1 140
1 1 2.i39
21,880
Digitized by VjOOQIC
424
BEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV — Continued.
Peovinoe of Puerto Princjipe.
total population.
[Figures in italicB are indnded in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Total
Agricul-
ture,
flflberieB,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
CiegodeAvila
Mor6n
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
Citv of Puerto Principe
Santa Cruz del 6ar
The province
9,801
9,680
10,356
63,140
t5,10t
6,806
2,286
2,296
2,692
8,647
689
1.838
219
287
612
1,867
179
172
457
2,616
f,f«
196
24
15
40
271
tss
9
234 17,068
8,004
8,704
469
1,023
6,296
S,879
371
7,697
6.473
6.441
6,781
84.654
1€,66U
8,213
66.412
TOTAL MALES.
Ciearo de Avila -
4.979
4,922
6,888
26,225
10,9 H
2,885
2,282
2,298
2.690
8.533
683
1,332
218
286
610
1,818
1,871
178
210
109
425
2,119
1,87U
120
21
14
82
221
189
4
228
388
445
2.905
2,317
132
2.025
Mor6n ,,,,-.-,-.- -^^--^
1,883
Nuevitas
1,886
Puerto Principe.-
10.634
City of Puerto Principe . .
Santa Cruz del Sur..
h,U78
1.119
The province ..........
44,899
17,090
2,964
2.988
292
4,093
17.547
TOTAL FEMALES.
CiegodeAvila
Mor6n
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
City of Puerto Principe
Santa Cruz del Sur
The province
4,822
4,708
4,467
26,916
Ik, 190
2,423
43,335
28
60
63
82
496
78
721
67
315
81
678
2,391
1,562
3,604
4,448
4,658
8,845
28,920
12,186
2,094
38,866
TOTAL NATIVE WHITE.
Ciego de Avila
Mor6n
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
City of Puerto Principe
Santa Cruz del Sur
The province
8,034
8,436
7,121
89,196
16,505
8,562
66,349
1,820
1,981
1,854
6,486
It63
906
12,496
123
169
298
1,149
889
122
1,861
150
128
206
1,181
969
89
1,764
12
9
26
192
167
6
246
874
442
634
2,638
1,832
152
4,140
6.666
6,757
4,703
27,550
IS, 18$
2,288
45,863
NATIVE WHITE MALES.
Ciego de Avila
8,999
4; 209
8,615
18,806
6,761,
1,884
1,818
1,929
1,363
6.474
h58
890
123
167
298
1.122
862
122
U4
66
186
865
769
38
9
8
20
150
ISl
3
202
888
206
1.630
1,301
26
1,733
Moron ........................
■ I 711
Nuevitas
1,552
Puerto Principe.........
8.567
City of Puerto Principe . .
Santa Cruz del Sur
5,5W
796
The province
82,575
12,473
1,832
1,269
190
2.452
14,850
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
425
Table XXIV— CJontinued.
Province of Puerto PRiNCiPE—Continued.
NATIVE WHITE FEMALES.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the proTince or district.]
DistHcts.
Total.
Agrionl-
tnre,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factor-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dnstriea
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
ClegodeAyila
4,086
4J67
8,506
20,888
9,7U1
1,678
2
2
1
12
6
6
86
62
20
316
too
61
8
1
6
42
S6
8
172
64
828
1,006
Ml
126
8,822
4,046
8,161
18,088
1,402
Moron ........................
2
Nnevitiw
Puerto Principe
27
27
City of Puerto Principe ..
Santa Cmz del 8nr
38,774
23
29
486
66
1,688
31,404
TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE.
Clego de Avlla
Moron
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
City of Puerto Principe . .
Santa Cms del Sur
The province
818
197
970
2,269
299
186
92
446
G60
121
1,466
84
64
169
670
41
9
91
166
lis
28
827
85
8
8
142
462
576
40
640
40
23
100
860
72
FOREIGN ^V^HITE MALES.
Ciego de Avlla
Moron
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
City of Puerto Principe
3anta Cmz del Sur
The province
176
850
1,948
h08U
3,409
186
92
446
660
7$
121
1,458
84
64
169
609
las
41
927
91
161
lis
21
319
76
126
409
S52
87
672
18
6
17
104
89
13
152
FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES.
Ciearo deAvUa.. ........ ......
80
22
111
311
199
66
8
8
16
43
SU
3
27
Mor'>n ,T,.^-r.. ^-- - --^-
1
18
Nuevitas
1
1
2
6
6
1
92
Puerto Principe
1
i
6
5
2
£56
City of Puerto Principe ..
Sant» Cruz del Sur..,, r
166
69
The province
539
2
1
8
9
68
451
TOTAL COLORED.
Ciego deAvila
1,454
997
2,264
11,685
7,S1U
1,447
829
278
792
1,401
15k
812
12
4
45
138
100
16
74
86
160
1,268
1,1S8
86
161
24
347
2,206
1,671
179
878
Moron
661
Nuevitas
1
27
t€
1
919
Puerto Principe -
6,645
Citv of Puerto Principe . .
Santa Cruz del Sur
U,ssr,
^53
The province
17,847
8,107
215
1,623
29
2,917
9,956
Digitized by VjOOQIC
426
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province op Puketo Peincipe— Continued,
COLORED MALES.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.!
Districts.
Total.
A^rtcul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes.
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa*
tion.
Clegode Avila
697
478
1,4U
5,409
s,oeu
767
328
272
T92
1.400
15S
312
11
4
43
122
8U
15
58
35
148
1,063
993
61
21
279
Moron - ... ..........
167
Nuevltas
1
25
113
866
66U
69
817
Puerto Principe
1,963
City of Fvterto Principe. . .
Santa Cruz del Sur
310
The province ._.....
8,825
3,104
195
1,306
26
1,089
3,086
COLORED FEMALES.
Cif»godft Avila
757
519
850
6,216
A,f50
680
1
1
1
16
140
24
234
1,840
1,007
110
599
Moron
494
Nuevitas
2
16
16
1
12
175
1U5
25
602
1
1
2
t
1
4,682
City of Puerto Principe . .
Santa Cruz del Sur
3,079
543
The province .... ....
9,022
3
20
228
3
1.848
6.920
Province op SXnta Clara.
TOTAL POPULATION.
Abreus
Caibarien
Galabazar
Camajuani
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfuegos
City of Cienfuegos
Cifuentes
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
Quemado de OUines
RancboVeloz
Ranchuelo....
Bodas
Sagua la Grande
City of Saaua la Orande
San Antonio de las Vueltas.
Sancti Spiritus
City of Sancti SpiHtus . .
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Bemedios . .
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas...
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
City of Trinidcui
Taguajay
The province ....
I
11,190
9,718
366,536
1,012
958
4,453
4,210
2,141
1,641
12,004
901
986
960
2,289
1,124
3,463
2,658
2,068
834
1,907
2,049
158
4,151
5,077
76U
2,004
1,988
1.419
3,056
6,774
526
2,146
3,385
4,440
307
2,744
81,951
149
966
351
685
104
130
3,829
3,065
102
412
134
235
296
205
161
171
296
1,284
9St
191
727
5lt3
71
67
87
416
1,073
972
288
279
592
39U
13,599
155
657
696
562
180
208
3.942
3, HI
162
529
165
241
622
292
288
168
263
1.774
1,316
203
1,310
l,llt
40
100
101
798
1.366
l,t57
358
249
1,169
915
16.817
16
37
39
36
14
12
869
g9U
17
45
15
22
24
12
17
14
86
136
107
15
103
8i
11
7
8
55
191
178
31
26
86
67
27
1,409
286
522
548
894
340
218
5,294
u,oou
200
1,541
438
908
428
206
750
546
1.263
3,899
i,7ts
682
1,738
1,375
94
587
466
1,719
2,444
t,t89
1,628
687
2,129
l,iOU
608
30,886
2,397
5,510
7,437
8,109
8,515
4.750
33,700
18,553
2,358
4,446
4.770
4.002
7,128
5,518
4.2S8
3,3»
5,778
12,200
7,459
7,890
16.759
8,8S8
3,143
8,696
3,520
8,789
16.599
8,51,1
6.157
6.846
15.855
8,173
5,G66
2U,924
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS,
427
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province op Santa Clara— Continaed,
TOTAL MALES.
[Fii^u'es in italics are inclnded in thoee for the province or district.]
Districts.
Total.
Aflricul'
tare,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camajuanl
Cartagena
Gejade Pablo
Cienfuegos
City of Cienfuegos
Cifuentes
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas.
Qnemado de GUines
Bancho Veloz
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua la Grande
City of Sagua la Grande
San Antonio las V ueltas —
Sancti Spiritus
City of Sancti Spiritus . .
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
Han Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Remedios . .
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara
Santa IsaDel de las Lajas ...
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
City of Trinidad
Yaguajay
The province ,
2,112
4,506
7.562
8,407
8.563
8,486
82,173
Ik, 589
1,938
4,170
4,145
8,569
6.481
4,762
4.024
2.521
5,387
10,907
6,16S
7.121
12,046
5,0S0
2,896
3,742
2,988
7,605
14,582
6,269
5.606
5,496
11,688
U.616
5,664
980
962
4.308
4,196
2,112
1,564
11,729
891
836
964
2,284
1.124
3,449
2,579
2.045
831
1,902
2,004
160
4.137
5,010
7US
1,998
1,988
1.402
3,044
6,757
691
2,146
8,327
4,367
S6U
2,741
148
964
350
679
103
129
3.798
S,0S8
102
408
134
233
295
203
161
170
295
1,277
996
191
718
6W
77
67
87
413
1,063
969
287
274
586
S99
291
148
640
575
533
129
208
3.562
9,869
146
394
162
241
503
290
197
164
263
1,587
1,161
201
1,028
868
40
100
100
665
1,140
1,0U1
366
219
1,113
86U
381
215
33
270
31
685
11
306
10
191
272
8,492
990
9,610
11
74
33
1,166
9
344
17
778
21
321
8
115
12
397
9
469
25
1,182
92
2,634
78
l,7ia
10
610
91
854
7U
6S9
8
65
5
550
8
447
45
1,253
136
1,500
ISO
1,S8U
29
1,514
21
243
66
1,608
519
609
1,532
2,021
2,283
802
1.380
9,320
6,061
669
1.206
1,212
1.176
1,800
1,567
1,212
878
1.700
8,313
9,099
2,072
4,345
9,171
718
1,023
899
2,195
8,986
9,99k
1,274
1.412
8,869
1,965
1,711
189,057
80,866
13,603
15,160
1,060
22,190
56,260
TOTAL FEMALES.
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camajuanl .
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfuegos
City of Cienfuegos
Clfuentee
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
Qnemado de GUines
Rancho Veloz
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua la Grande
City of Sagua la Grande .
San Antonio de las Vueltas. .
Sancti-Spiritus
City of Sancti-Spiritus . .
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Remedios. . .
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara . . .
Santa Isabel de las Lajas .
Santo Domingo
1.883
4.144
5,867
6,088
2.691
8,468
26.965
15,kk9
1,887
3,783
3,666
2,968
5,480
4,128
3.508
2,538
4.195
10,435
6,565
5.711
18.663
7,666
2,473
2.703
2,662
7,228
13,855
7,501
8.997
4,876
32
6
150
14
29
77
275
10
50
16
5
681
380
S59
16
135
3
187
15k
2
282
9kk
1
143
216
916
2
30
4
8
6
4
3
2
87
7k
6
12
6
5
3
4
5
5
10
44
99
5
12
10
3
2
5
10
56
k8
2
6
51
133
273
209
34
27
1.802
l,l^k
126
375
94
125
107
90
363
77
101
1.265
97k
72
879
7W
29
28
18
466
9a
906
109
844
1,788
8,978
6,416
6.826
2.623
8.361
24.380
lS,k99
1,680
8,2a
8,558
2,826
5,326
8,951
8.046
2.448
4.078
8,887
6,1,00
5,618
12,414
6,667
2.430
2,673
2,621
6,594
12,613
6,317
8,883
4,484
Digitized by VjOOQIC
428
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899,
Table XXIV— Continued.
Pbovince op Sakta Clara— CantiiixiecL
TOTAL P3MALES-C!ontinued.
[Fignres in italics are included in those for the province or district.!
Districts.
Total
Agricul-
ture,
flsheriee,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
BCanu-
factur-
ingand
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Trinidad
12,583
6,00U
4,054
78
5
3
6
i
1
56
51
8
21
16
6
431
84
11,«6
City of Trinidad
6,908
Tagnajay
3,9S7
Theproyinoe ......
187,479
1.065 OA
1,657
340
8,646
155, 6S5
TOTAL NATIVE WHITE.
Abreus
Caibarien...,
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfuegos
City of CienfuegoM
Cifuentes
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
guemado de Gtlhies
ancho Velos ,
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua laOrande
City of Sagua la Orande.
San Antonio de las Vueltas.
Sancti-Spirltus
City of Sancti-^piritiu . .
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Juan delasTeras
San Juan de los Bemedios . .
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas ...
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
City of Trinidad
Yaguajay
The province
2,2S7
5,620
7,600
7,933
3,852
4,190
32,200
15, 7<?5
2,450
4,084
5,602
8,238
7,214
5,737
8,823
3,067
5.427
11,709
7yOU5
9.363
18,738
8,170
4,098
4,176
4,105
9,094
18,300
8,276
4,872
7,000
13,746
6,473
5,471
214,945
454
537
2,222
1,863
1,146
960
5,437
554
558
439
1,494
561
1,796
1,540
937
483
1,000
1,078
68
2,600
8,896
509
1,508
1,112
856
1,799
4,242
515
1,069
2.251
2,608
tl8
1,412
45,847
410
107
166
43
51
1,545
l,t60
42
167
65
112
116
76
50
93
109
482
550
72
423
556
81
41
41
155
545
.h85
154
141
365
t50
116
5,776
70
348
m
201
64
111
1,769
1,458
109
261
72
107
225
135
152
87
107
883
6h8
86
575
455
18
60
62
384
621
566
156
147
441
SSI
148
7,565
17
15
21
13
9
227
175
12
35
10
14
15
9
10
13
26
97
75
9
82
65
11
6
8
43
150
157
12
15
63
51
17
967
58
154
96
62
160
46
1,472
U0S8
51
415
871
18
159
72
170
212
391
1,148
86S
551
86
262
458
584
970
545
662
176
1,044
74
10, i
1,579
4.154
4,988
6,620
2.43B
8,018
21.7S9
ll,k90
1.678
S.797
8. 500
S.436
4,904
8,906
2,594
2.179
8.794
8,021
6,0kl
6,354
12,899
6,n6
2,494
2,685
2,689
6,128
U,77S
5,d5e>
2.9»
4.2^1
0,2S5
4,K7
3,701
144.508
NATIVE WHITE MALES.
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar..
Camajuani...... ..........
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfuegos
City of Cienfuegos
Cifuentes
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
gnemado de Gliines
ancho Veloz
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua la Orande
City of Sagua la Orande .
San Antonio de las Vueltas..
1,047
453
58
70
6
53
2,599
535
410
337
10
131
8,938
2,207
107
162
10
73
4,000
1,856
164
188
17
13
2,035
1,146
42
64
10
167
2,109
952
50
111
7
44
16,028
5,374
1,537
1,600
169
1.164
7,045
554
1,S5S
1,S87
150
8S6
1,206
548
42
100
7
29
1,951
438
167
195
25
350
2,892
1.491
65
70
5
344
1,559
561
111
107
10
11
8,559
1,786
116
202
12
123
2,893
1,539
75
134
6
34
1,917
936
50
86
6
113
1,449
481
92
86
9
199
2,764
996
106
107
16
378
5,582
1,069
479
808
61
978
5, 186
67
545
591
53
709
4,780
2,591
72
85
4
226
407
1,178
1.379
1.763
617
m
6,175
S,S06
480
767
917
758
1,S»
1,1(16
786
m
1,157
2,181
l,4tf
1.808
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
429
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province of Santa Clara— Oontiniied.
NATIVE WHITE BiALES-Contlnued.
[Figrnres in italics are included in thoee for the province or district.]
Districts.
Total.
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Sancti-8piritU8
City of Sancti'SpiHtuB
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Bemedioe
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara - . .
Santa fsaoel de las Lajas .
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
City of Trinidad
Yaguajay
The province
8,770
S,166
2,163
2,242
2,004
4,355
8,994
S,501
2,683
3,591
6.688
t,250
2.883
3.8n
505
1,500
1,112
842
1,792
4,231
Sll
1,059
2,236
2,501
in
1,412
423
sse
31
41
41
154
541
h81
154
138
364
250
115
406
SUO
18
60
61
284
489
I4SU
156
128
414
t98
145
106,771
46,606
5,747
28
254
447
496
785
669
973
52
687
8,644
3,407
1,561
578
771
700
1,568
2,860
I.BIU
765
1,020
2.803
1,091
1,148
89,406
NATIVE WHITE FEMALES.
Abreus
1,180
8,021
3,662
8,933
1,817
2.061
16,181
8,690
1,244
2,133
2,710
1,679
3,655
2,844
1,906
1.618
2,663
6,127
S,H59
4,583
9,968
6,00U
1,035
1,034
2.011
4 739
9,306
4.775
2.189
8.409
7,068
s,gss
2.588
1
2
15
7
1
8
63
2
7
5
4
3
2
58
h5
6
10
6
4
3
3
4
4
10
86
. 6
9
7
8
2
6
6
62
1*5
2
5
20
15
6
6
23
25
40
8
2
308
S02
22
66
27
7
36
38
67
13
13
> 176
15k
16
236
185
8
8
11
89
185
m
23
117
71
SS
22
1,172
Caibarien
U
4
13
2,978
C^nlabnzar
8.613
Camajuani
2
1
1
8
8
8.868
Carta>gena .......... . ......
1,809
Cejade Pablo
2,068
Clenfuegoe ..... .........
160
151
9
66
2
16,584
City of Cienfueao9
8,S8k
Cifuentes
10
1
3
1,198
Cruces
2,000
f?8peranza
2,673
PaTmira . . .
1
i"
1,667
Placetas -
9
1
1
2
2
9
1
9
26
U
8
23
1
66
1
8.584
Quemadode QUines
2.800
ftancho Veloz
1,778
1
1
3
g
1,597
Rodas
2,637
Sagua la Qrande
77
57
1
187
1U3
6,827
"city of Sagxia la Grande . .
f^T^ A'ntf^plo de las Vneltan. .
9,6SS
4.662
Rancti-Sniritns
9,532
City of Sancti'SpiHtus . . .
San Diego del Valle
U,66S
1,916
San Fernando ^.,
1,924
San Juan de las Yeras
14
7
11
U
1
100
132
m
1,980
San Juan de los Remedies . . .
Santa Clara
1
4
u
4.536
8,922
dtp of Santa Clara
Santa Xsaoel de las Lajas
Santo Domingo...............
k,U16
2,164
16
17
1
3
1
19
27
3
8,250
Trinidad
6,922
Citv of Trinidad
S,U6
Yaguajay
1
2,566
The province
108,174
241
29
883
280
1.044
106.007
TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE.
Abreus . . .......... ...
404
1,068
1,016
8,233
504
216
6.876
S,k85
166
716
143
147
448
1,212
389
90
1.901
178
53
139
73
465
198
394
48
57
1,951
1,577
50
172
M
115
162
138
14
29
674
k06
13
60
7
17
12
13
1
3
108
91
5
8
105
137
48
690
23
40
Caibarien
187
148
780
Cartagena
29
Cejade Pablo
86
Cienfuegos
911
607
8
218
086
City of CienfuegoM
Cifnentes ...•■-...... ..
6t7
87
Crnoee
118
Digitized by VjOOQIC
430
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Pbovincsb op Santa CLARA-^Continned.
TOTAL FOREIGN WHTTE-CkHitlnned-
[Fignres in italloB are Included in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
TotaL
Agrioul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Hana-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
tion.
RffperanzA.
262
556
1,406
611
474
233
866
2.048
i,157
1,864
666
S91
212
S04
180
1.438
1.972
916
666
431
539
«47
1.306
163
192
769
223
248
106
295
806
189
S9
137
287
110
615
811
^5
344
218
203
17
4«5
63
97
153
99
80
62
152
611
UlS
106
236
277
33
26
35
199
407
S68
74
96
171
IIZ
148
18
65
103
87
47
22
W
276
Uk
54
72
Bl
3
27
13
86
86
70
60
31
35
15
86
2
7
8
8
6
86
Palmira ,,r,.,...,. - ,.-r--
163
84
25
2
17
240
462
t90
175
47
A7
7
164
82
Placetas
291
Qnemado de OtUnes
BanchoVeloz .......
74
91
Ranchnelo ....................
27
Rodas
8
32
n
6
14
It
104
Sagua la Grande
San Antonio de las Vneltas..
Sancti-Spiritns
206
m
434
108
CitvofSancti'Spiritua....
San Dieeo del Valle
65
82
San Fernando ... . ............
1
80
SKf\ Jnan de las Teras . ...
81
San Jnan de los Remedios . . .
BafitnOInra ,
\\
32
59
6
,1
15
10
fan
267
£65
4
5
82
5f
841
254
369
City of Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas
Bftntn Pomingo
m
68
70
Trinidad
80
City of Trinidad
57
Yagaajay. ........
255
29.823
11,341
6,248
2,888
342
4.446
5,068
FOREIGN WHITE MALES.
Abrens .—
367
908
888
2,496
486
185
5,637
t,900
133
616
237
533
1,141
443
400
221
767
1,768
967
1,463
689
Sl^
184
518
185
1,199
1,658
807
500
374
479
t07
1,082
143
147
447
1,209
389
90
1,896
177
53
130
153
192
767
223
246
106
294
366
5A
1,086
188
S9
137
287
110
615
811
344
217
208
17
465
72
464
108
300
48
57
1,932
1,563
50
160
S3
06
152
06
80
62
152
608
U5
106
286
177
33
26
36
100
402
S6S
74
06
171
lis
148
36
114
162
135
14
20
560
S$S
13
60
18
66
1U3
87
46
22
67
272
161
54
71
50
3
27
13
85
85
69
60
31
34
lU
86
5
16
11
13
1
3
87
75
4
6
2
6
8
2
5
106
132
48,
672
23
6
CaibaHen
30
f^ifrhiwar .
22
7t
Cartagena . . ..........
U
Cejade Pablo
6
Cienfuegos
8n
574
7
217
191
City of Cienfuegos
Cifnentes
119
6
Cmces .
25
Kwperanza
U
Palmira
162
75
24
12
Placetas
86
Qnemado de Gllines... ........
0
RanchoVeloz
23
Ranchnelo....................
17
236
450
f75
160
45
A5
7
164
16
Rodas
8
26
1
13
11
10
Sagna la Grande
City of Sagua la Grande. .
San Antonio de las Vneltas..
Sancti Spiritos
46
54
51
86
City of Sancti Spiritua . ..
San Diego del Valle
ti
4
San Fernando.
1
8
San Juan de las Yeras
7
8an J uan de los Remedios . . .
Santa Clara .....
7
82
St
6
0
18
IS
10
263
261
i61
2
30
67
City of Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas ....
Santo Domingo .r,. .......
55
14
21
Trinidad..
32
St
330
21
City of Trinidad
18
Yagnajay
34
The province . .
25.336
11,322
6,207
2.861
305
4.312
829
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
431
Table XXIV.— Continued.
Province op Santa Clara — Continued.
FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the proyinoe or district.]
Districts.
Total.
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Abreus.. ............... .......
37
165
!)»
787
18
80
839
685
33
99
25
23
287
68
74
12
99
276
no
401
77
IS
28
81
24
237
814
m
56
57
60
kO
223
1
I
2
1
1
34
Gaibarienx...
1
5
167
1
3
126
4
3
18
709
Cartafena......
18
Cejade Pablo
80
Cienfuegos
5
1
19
IB
14
It
16
16
1
2
40
55
1
1
745
City of CienfuegoM
Cifuentes. -.
608
81
Cruces..... ....... ...... ......
3
93
25
Palmira . ...., ...,rr,„--T--
i
1
1
1
1
9
1
2
20
Plaoetas
2
256
Quemado de G1\ines - .
1
1
65
nancho Veloz
2
1
68
Ranchuelo...
12
Rodaii . .
1
4
12
7
15
2
94
SagTia la (Grande
3
4
5
6
5
250
"City of Sagua la Orande. .
8an Antonio de las Vueltaa. .
159
3
1
883
Sancti Spiritus
1
1
1
1
72
City of Sancti Spiritus. . .
San Diego del Valle ...
Rah T*4^i*nAndo
U
28
81
8an Juan de las Yeras
24
Ban Juan de los Remedies . . .
1
1
I
4
8
6
U
2
6
224
Santa Clara
5
5
802
City of Santa Clara
Santa xsaoel de las Lajas
f^nt'* Domingo -.. ^
98
54
1
2
49
Trinidad
1
J
59
Citv of Trinidad
59
Yagnajay
. 2
221
The province ..........
4,487
19
a 1 ::7
37
134
4,229
TOTAL COLORED.
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartagena.
Cejade Pablo
Cienfuegos
Ci tyof Cienfuegos
Cifuentes
Cruces —
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
Quemado de GtUnes
Kancho VeUw
Ranchuelo.
Rodas
Sagua la Orande
City of Saqua la Grande. .
San Antonio de las Vueltas. .
Sancti Spiritus
City of Sancti Spiritus
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Remedies . . .
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara
Santa Lnbel de las Lajas
1,364
415
18
49
1
103
1,9»12
274
91
194
3
231
4,808
1,783
46
268
12
397
3,329
1,135
125
228
1
142
1,888
2,549
20,543
606
601
4,666
13
22
833
52
68
1,699
157
172
2,911
29
10,818
589
tt8
1,57«
«8
f,S59
1,209
375
10
40
141
3,154
402
78
206
2
908
1,947
642
16
75
3
67
2,733
871
26
60
1
722
3.339
899
27
204
1
185
2,642
895
80
70
108
3,235
873
81
89
1
578
1,759
246
16
59
1
317
3,269
612
85
89
1
652
7,590
605
191
615
7
2,289
U,61»6
50
ise
508
5
1,580
1.005
462
13
63
165
6,305
992
68
663
7
863
A, 755
t06
50
578
7
777
1.050
1,675
859
589
13
19
13
51
161
1,306
453
11
26
.
7
4,303
642
02
328
1
864
8,165
1,721
121
649
9
1,207
U,57S
165
119
GSl
9
1,181
4.166
743
60
133
13
1,057
778
1,160
2,297
1,703
1,060
1,701
11,005
6,IM
643
1,561
1,144
1,544
1,933
1,539
1.663
1,120
1,880
3,883
t,t7t
902
8.712
lff5S7
617
912
809
2,406
4,458
S,U77
2,160
Digitized by VjOOQIC
432
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province op Santa CLARA—Continiied.
TOTAL eOLORED-Continnod.
[Figrnres in italics are included in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Total.
Agrical-
ture,
flsbeHes,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
BCana-
factur-
ingand
mechan-
ical in-
dustHes.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Withont
gainfal
occupa-
tion.
Banto Dominffo. .....r-
2,941
9.086
6, LOO
2,942
916
1,QS9
isi
867
40
66
51
28
71
693
679
130
2
6
S
406
1,063
706
188
1,506
Trinidad
6.560
City of Trinidad
5,P45
YagnaJftT . . .............
1,709
The province
111,768
24,763
1,675
6,804
100
16,102
OS, 364
COLORED MALES.
Abrens
Caibarien
Calabazar ,
Camajnani
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfnegos
City of CienfueffOM.
Cifnentes
Cmces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
Qnemado de GtUnes
KanchoVeloz
Ranchnelo
Rodas
Sagna la Grande
City of Sciaua la Grande.
San Antonio de las Vneltas
Sancti Spiritna
City of Sancti Spiritua .
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Joan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Remedies . .
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara
Santa Isanel de las Lajas ...
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
City of Trinidad
Yaguajay
The province
688
1,004
2,726
1.911
1,082
1.192
10,008
U,6UU
689
1,608
1.016
1,477
1,781
1.426
1,707
851
1,836
3,667
9,010
878
2,687
1,5£1
649
987
679
2.051
8.980
1,96U
2,414
1,631
4.521
i,069
1,689
56,050
384
270
1,649
1.131
678
622
4,459
S80
335
387
640
371
896
817
863
245
610
560
l^
460
951
fOJ
356
588
450
637
1,715
16U
743
874
1,573
ISO
864
23,988
18
90
46
125
13
22
329
tsu
10
72
16
26
27
80
81
16
86
190
135
13
69
t7
18
U
60
120
118
60
40
51
S9
28
1,549
42
189
251
210
51
63
1,398
1,189
33
139
74
69
288
69
65
56
89
600
A09
62
549
m
19
13
26
286
666
538
131
60
665
552
150
6,117
77
57
126
149
136
147
16
15
1.457
1,100
88
2
2
500
I
1
005
123
57
1
284
263
1
5
3
568
1,211
7ff7
124
5
5
221
sn
30
141
495
454
454
973
184
093
1^0
128
0.234
COLORED FEMALES.
Abrens
666
958
2,077
1,418
856
1,857
9.985
6,m
610
1,551
931
1.256
1.558
1.216
1,628
908
1.433
4.083
t,5S6
31
4
134
4
28
69
207
9
40
15
2
7
5
17
13
1
46
105
248
142
81
25
1,454
l,t59
108
318
67
117
62
61
294
64
64
1,078
813
682
Caibarien
1
1
843
ORlabarrftr . ......
1.677
Camajuani
1.250
Cartagena
796
Cejade Pablo
1.2S8
Cienfueiros . .............
4
4
206
139
7
1
13
IS
8,051
City of CienfuegoB
Cifnentes
4,700
460
Cruces -
1
i'
1.118
Esperanza ,...
860
Palmira
1,130
Placetas
3
7.S
10
1
2
36
1
6
1
24
3
1.487
Qnemado deGtlines
1.086
KanchoVeloz ................
1.200
Ranchnelo
1
839
Rodas
1.347
Sagna la Grande
City of Sagua la Orande . .
1
1
106
9k
2
t
2.810
1,6U
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OOOUPATIONB.
433
Table XXIV— Continued.
Pkovince of Santa Claba— Contiiiiied.
COLORED PEMALES-CJontinued,
[Figures In ita&cs are Included in those for the province or district.]
Districts.
Total.
Agricul
ture,
fisheries,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
f^n Antonio de Iaii YunltAA. _
727
8,eiB
510
688
627
2,252
4;236
9,618
1,762
1,410
5,465
S,SU
1,243
2
41
6
8
1
114
100
41
642
666
21
20
7
369
753
7f7
84
222
380
986
60
683
Banoti Bpiritufl
9
5
2
5
2,810
1,91*8
486
City of SancH SpiHiua . . .
San Diego del Valle..,
San Fernando 1
668
San Juan de las Yeras.... ....
8
5
6
1
617
San J nan de 1 06 Bemedios . . .
2
1
1
1
42
88
8S
2
11
28
97
1.834
Santa Clara
3
S
8,889
1,803
1,665
City of Santa Clara
nanta fsanel do las TjalfMT , .
Santo Domingo
42
66
8
1,135
Trinidad ...--
5
t
1
1
5i0i5
City of Trinidad
S,09S
YfuniaJaY ., ...........
1,180
The province.. ......
54,81B
S26
26
747
23
6,868
46,329
Province of Santiago.
TOTAL POPULATION.
AltoSongo •
Baraooa
Bayamo --
Campechuela
Caney
Cobre
CrlBto
Gibara
Gnantanamo
Holguin
Jignani
Manzanillo ...................
City ofMamanUlo
Mayari
Niquero
Fauna Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagua deT&namo
San Luis :
Bantiago de Cuba
City of Santiago de C%^>a.
The province
12,770
4,848
151
249
17
201
21,9a
4,539
528
480
60
876
21,198
4,675
330
322
36
511
7,860
2,2S»
178
214
11
149
9,126
2,840
185
436
27
789
10.707
2,845
129
417
15
U8
1,194
180
52
71
10
94
81,594
7,184
888
1.097
74
1.029
28,063
5.920
834
1,644
77
1.591
84.506-
8.960
666
676
73
565
10,496
2,010
107
108
9
417
82,288
5,904
1.288
1,688
100
1,455
1U,1>6U
666
1,199
l,hS9
90
1,S71
8,504
1,848
133
148
16
231
2,n8
400
72
38
7
197
12.806
3.829
150
157
11
103
19,984
4.651
291
816
81
486
5,796
1,530
95
85
5
99
11.681
2.902
219
352
20
310
45,478
1,917
3.079
6.397
429
5,505
1^,090
1,U19
S,06S
6,S81
U99
6M9
fi7,715
68,699
9,270
14.895
1,028
14.885
7.714
15.461
15.319
4,589
4.869
7.18:)
8(17
21,32:*
17,997
23,666
7,844
21,858
9,869
6,128
1,995
8,055
14,210
8,9K2
7,878
28,061
96, Shi
218,936
TOTAL MALES.
AltoSongo
Baraooa
Bayamo
Campechuela
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
Gibara
Gnantanamo
Holguin
Jiguani :
Manzanillo
City of Manzanillo
Mayari.
Niquero
Palxna Soriano
Puerto Padre...:
24662 28
6,525
3.636
146
192
14
202
11.141
4,517
525
472
45
592
10,311
4,666
327
321
21
411
4,107
2,221
176
211
9
113
5,478
2,814
180
402
28
612
5.443
2,795
127
404
15
62
663
158
51
66
9
61
16.126
7,146
884
1,076
58
090
14,476
5,721
831
1,540
64
1,174
17.020
8.988
560
626
69
332
5.104
2,006
107
107
7
m
15.666
5,886
1,276
1.563
70
1.012
6,618
566
1,199
1,S15
65
958
4,280
1.848
133
147
16
186
1,873
406
72
37
6
187
6.396
3,800
150
1,j2
10
52
9,940
4.627
391
313
27
425
2,335
4.990
4.575
1,377
1,444
2,040
218
6.272
6,146
6.505
2,472
5,859
1.955
663
2,232
4,257
Digitized by VjOOQIC
434
ftEPORT ON THE CBNBtJS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Provincb of QkirsiAQO-^^^ootimnad,
TOTAL MAL.EB-CkntiM6d.
tFignres in italics are lncl«d«d in tboee Car the prorftftod or dtetxset.]
Districts. Tcftal.
Asri^l-
flabsriea.
and min-
ing.
(p_.«i^ 1 Manu-
fciSi «ng and
**™- |du8trie8.
Profes-
sionul
service.
Domes-
tic And
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occnpa-
tion.
tMljui ilo Tfcnsmo..
2,978
5,806
21, 118
19,ifgS
1,536
2,857
1,888
04 ' 83
8
13
817
$17
m
8,489
l.»7
SuLnis
SMitiagodeCnbs
City of Santiago de Cuba.
215
2,995
t,979
283
4.996
U,980
7,483
The provinctt
108,846
67,443
9,140
12,991
.789
io^Ke
63^ sn
TOTAL FEMALEa
Alto Bongo
Baracoa
Bayamo
Campechoela ,
Oaney
Oobre
Cristo
Gibara
Oaantanamo
Holgnin
Jiguanl
ManzaniUo
City of Manzanillo
UaTAn
Kiqiiero
Pauna Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagua de T4namo
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba
City of Santiago de Cuba
The province
6,245
10,803
10,882
8,262
3,648
5,264
631
U.466
13,587
17,486
5,391
16,622
7y9U6
4,224
1,345
5,909
10,044
2.828
5.876
24,360
95,168
163,870
712
22
19
7
26
V
36
199
22
4
18
1
5
1
29
24
4
45
29
t9
57
8
1
d
84
18
5
21
104
50
1
125
1th
1
1
5
3
2
69
1,401
IMl
3
15
15
2 ;
1
1
16 ,
13
14 I
2
80 I
t5
\\
4
2
7 I
112 !
lit
=^
100
86
157
56
33
338
417
233
12
443
klS
45
10
51
60
69
143
2,156
5.379
10.^
10.744
8,212
3,425
5,143
580
15,060
12,851
17,161
5,372
15,909
7, .576
4.173
U83i
5.823
».OSB
. 2.736
d,ia8
29.5%
t»sS9t
1,266 i
130,
1,904 1
239
4,723,. 155,618
TOTAL NATIVE WHITPE.
AltoSongo
Baracoa
Bayamo * ,
Campechuela.
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
Gibara....
Gnantanamo
Holgniu
Jifnianl
Manzanillo
City of ManzaniUo
Mayari
Niquero
Palina Soriano
Puerto Padre
Saguade T&naroo
San Luis
Santiago de Cnba.^
City of Santiago de Cuba
The province
2.971
9,394
11,110
8,971
2.616
2,259
510
24,244
7,028
20,610
6,179
18,115
8,fiSS
6,143
1,868
5,947
14,659
8,500
2.967
15.711
15, sr^
167,797
806
2,232
2,598
1,118
660
578
65
5,398
1,3S6
7,746
1.198
8,197
Stl
1,130
252
1,827
8,248
941
595
509
uos
89
205
224
120
60
52
27
515
271
883
T9
709
44
87
198
48
97
1,320
1, 3 IS
35,424 {
4,596
129
, 108
95
90
67
15
527
299
308
23
647
57$
52
23
42
135
28
95
1,298
J,S96
4,033
14
^ I
V...
V
6 .
47
41
52
6
75
67
10
5
9
24
lii
313 ,
SIS 1
90
m
161
54
14
2
21
744
28
426
228
582
570
125
150
18
48
972
9h6
715 : 4,209
K
1,552
376
i7,018
5,003
20.605
4,645
12.906
6,m
3,756
2,119
10.99K
118,820
Digitized by VjOOQIC
O00UPATrON«.
486
Table XXI V^-Contiiiu^.
I^oviNCE OF Bantiaoo— Continnedl
NATIVE W^ITE MAL.ES.
IFiffores in italicti are iztclnded in thooe for the prorince or district.]
Dtetrlot.
Alto Songo ,
fiaracoa ,
B^yamo :....
OAnipechn«la t ,
Caney
Cobre
Crirto
Oibara
Guantanamo ,..
Holgnin
Jiguani ,
Bianzanil'to
City ofVanzanillo ,
ilayi^.
Kiqaero -
Pahna Soriano v
Puerto Pad« -.
Sagnade T&namo..'.
San Luis.:.. ^ ,
Santiago de Cuba ...v
City of Santiago de Cuba,
The province
Totftl
1,544
4,765
5,880
2.151
1.365
1,191
243
12,164
3,4ao
8,491
S,5ti5
2,590
3,064
7,279
1,759
1,440
6,943
6,702
A«ricnl-
ture,
flsh^rleR,
ana min-
ing.
753
2,224
2,590
1,114
659
576
65
6,372
1,319
7,724
8,186
SSI
1,125
251
1,814
3,234
940
592
507
Trade
ana
trans-
porta-
tion.
85
204
222
118
68
51
27
513
271
706
600
68
44
87
196
48
97
1,311
1,S0U
Manu-
fa<Jtur-
ing and
mechan-
ical 4n-
dnstriea
32
128
106
92
79
65
15
510
298
290
23
584
51S
52
22
40
133
27
66
861
S.59
82,292 , 35,240 i
I I
4,568 I 3,420
Profes-
sional
service.
tic and
personal
service.
8
217
il7
506
83
iii"
44
17
036
446
Wi
113
Via
13
13
40
843
W7
8,523
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
m
2,18S
2; 800
' m
667
491
114
5,099
1,575
5.702
1,496
8,600
I 4M
UlQt
. a,2S8
• 781
! 637
8,901
a,io5
8&.oe8
NATIVE WHITE FEMALES.
AltoSongo.. .
Baracoa
Wyamo
Campec'huete.
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
Gibara
Guantanamo .
Holguin
^iguani
Hanzanillo .
City of AfanzaniUo .
yarl.—
Hayi
Viquero
Falma Soriano
Ihierto Padre
BuguadeTinamo...
84n Luis
B*ntiago de Cuba
City of Santiago de Cuba
The province .
1,427
4,629
5,724
1,820
1,253
* 1,068
267
12,080
3,539
15,142
3,157
9,624
U,768
2,553
923
2,883
7,380
1,741
1,527
8,768
8,566
85,505
184
28
20
3
1
15
15
8
2
11
1
2
1
2
2
1
29
437
h37
613
207
52
•39
10
14
'2.1
4
106
28
94
3
136
ISU
12
7
5
30
17
&
129
686
1,346
4.662
1,799
1,224
' 1,061
262
11,914
3.488
14,998
3,190
, 914
.2vb62
7,381
1,720
1.402
3,787
TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE.
AHoSongo
Baracoa
Bayamo
C)ai]^pechii6ia
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
Oibara
X^antanamo
^diguin..M(.
Jiguani ....- -'...
SSnzanillo-
City ofJU^nzanmo
233
143
613
243
219
116
318
207
1,602
921
244
, Wl
77
10
1,506
645
1,843
581
681
348
63
41
1,224
248
919
65
?9
6
41
27
48
T( 1 .88
186
14
86
66
14
5
2
16
40
28
3
37
13
101
97
15
489
60
26
32
5
22
28
19
8
3
• 22
15
305
116
28
64
8S2
455
118
27
387
g?j5
144
49
18
2
' ' ' " '12p
11
7
1
' ■ •' '■•'§
44;^
150
20
186
'^' ' H8
407
115
18
ise
1S$
Digitized by VjOOQIC
436
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18TO.
Table XXIV— Continued.
Province op Santiago — Contmnedi
TOTAL FOBEIQN WHITB-0)ntlnued.
[Fignres in Italios are included in those for the province or district.]
District.
TotaL
A^cul-
ture.
flshertes,
and min-
ing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
^on.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
oocupa-
tionT
M»yari
Niqnero
Pfhlini^ Soriano
184
6S
128
aj7
83
466
3,468
58
17
76
141
81
194
S41
46
28
24
78
84
76
1,212
9
9
9
19
7
28
276
276
4
2
17
8
6
8
14
Puerto Padre
4
8
4
68
68
26
SfMrna dft T&namo ,
2
46
9SB4
913
6
San Luis
Raotiaffo do Cuba
123
737
Cify of Santiago de Cuba.
75?
The province
13,818
4,303
8,818
1,006
219
2,201
2,148
FOREIGN WHITE MALES.
AltoSongo
208
542
207
806
1,629
222
66
1,194
1,569
678
60
1,080
810
119
67
116
249
80
868
2,812
.f , 796
189
242
115
207
921
131
10
648
679
848
41
246
ei
58
17
76
141
81
198
241
29
186
66
40
96
26
19
804
466
148
11
448
407
46
28
24
78
84
76
1,197
1,195
5
41
14
28
96
31
8
116
116
48
7
167
lis
9
9
9
19
7
22
264
27
40
8
Baracoa
14
5
8
16
5
8
22
26
18
1
17
16
4
1
19
Bayamrt^.^rr . rr
7
Gampechuela. ...-.
27
486
21
22
54
388
1
Caney
13
Oobre
8
Crlsto
8
Gibara
55
Gnantanamo
61
Holguin..
16
Jignani
179
m
8B
City of ManzanUlo
91
2
Niguero ............. ......
7
5
Puma Soriano
2
Puerto Padre
8
8
4
68
6S
8
fl'U'^*- de TAnamo
2
48
888
8Si
8
San TiUis
SO
Santiago de Cuba
Citif of SantUigo de Cuba .
169
169
The province
11,446
4,879
3,208
996
207
2,134
483
FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES.
AltoSongo
24
76
12
12
63
22
12
3U
274
106
8
144
109
16
6
12
18
3
107
646
6U6
4
1
1
20
Baracoa.
8
2
07
Bayamo __ _
9
Ca.fnnAnhnelA
12
Canev . ....................
3
1
1
3
1
56
oSbre
20
Cristo
:::::::::: :::::::::
12
Gibara
Holguin .
2
2
1
1
1
10
4
2
207
8
1
2B4
1
104
•Tifiruanl
8
Ma-nr^nilln
2
1
2
3
5
7
7
180
CitvofManzaniUo
97
15
Niguero
Palma Soriano . ...
1
1
8
12
Pncirto Padre
1
17
Rjum A de T4nAmo
8
sSmLiSs ^*°*™°
1
1
22
2
36
S6
lOB
SantiAgo dn nnha . .
i6
16
6
6
608
City of Santiago de Cu&a.
S67
The province
1,867
13 I 20
31
12
7»
1.716
TOTAL COLORED.
Altn Songo . ,
9,567
11,982
9,864
8,060
4,818
8.809
2,064
1,961
903
1,260
83
137
40
18
24
192
310
200
91
249
8
5
174
776
348
68
206
5,766
Baraooa.1....
8,640
Bayamo
7.815
Campechuela
1
1
1,999
Caney
8.019
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
437
Tablb XXIV— Continueijd.
pBOvmoB OF Santiaoo — Ck>ntmned.
TOTAL COLORED-Contlnued.
[Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.]
District
Total
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Domes-
tic and
personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Cobre
8,204
607
6.846
19,102
4.215
4.268
12,048
708
6,280
6,068
2,218
8.248
36.800
tkySOt
2,186
86
1.141
4.018
866
771
2,458
180
660
140
1.926
1.262
568
2,118
1,167
785
51
6
68
108
80
17
m
119
19
6
80
16
18
46
647
514)
818
48
464
1,227
819
78
882
71*8
87
6
106
162
60
234
4,823
U,809
2
6
5
2
94
61
221
1,226
187
180
687
615
106
80
80
30
67
217
3,609
5,585
6,606
Cristo J-
Gibara
416
8.967
Qnantanamo
12,600
Holfiniin
2861
Jiffuanl - . u
3,196
HanzaniUo
Cify of ManxaniUo
Mayarf ....
8.785
S,5h5
2,353
Niquero .—
612
Pauna Soriano. .......... .....
2
8
4,077
Puerto Pad re
8,586
Saguade T4nanio
1.526
San Luis
3
48
h8
6.636
Santiago de Cuba
City of Santiago de Cuba.
16,025
a,625
The province
146,606
28,888
1,866
0,886
94
8,466
97.970
COLORED MALES
4,778
6.884
4.718
1,660
2,486
4,080
266
2,768
0,418
1.979
2.022
6.005
1,671
876
3.216
2.412
1.184
4.007
11.363
10,Ut5
2.744
2,061
1,951
900
1,234
2,068
83
1,181
3,8i»
866
7T0
2,464
180
660
140
1,010
1,262
666
2.072
1,140
758
82
• 136
89
18
24
60
6
67
106
36
17
127
115
19
6
80
15
12
42
487
m
165
308
199
91
227
306
48
460
1,132
288
77
882
689
86
6
106
161
49
195
8,881
3,867
3
5
92
662
270
42
126
41
22
1,747
Baracoa.T .
2,788
2,260
Bayaroo ...
Campechuela
i
1
2
1
2
7
2
1
4
U
2
608
CaneV..
874
Cobre
1.541
Cristo
101
Gibara
1,118
841
8,610
Holguin
787
Jiguanl
sss
78
28
84
977
Manssnillo
2,801
City of Manxaniilo
8gf
781
Niquero
Palma Soriano
197
2
8
1,128
Puerto Padre
981
Sagua de T4namo
26
84
1,708
1,600
483
SanLuis
1
87
57
1.618
Bantiaffo de Cuba
4,110
CWify of Santiago de Cuba.
S,63S
The province -
70.107
27,824
1,274
8,576
74
4,606
27,864
COLORED FEMALES.
AltoSongo -
4,794
6,008
6,146
1.480
2,882
4,174
352
3,077
9,774
2,236
2,281
6,854
S,069
1,666
417
8,014
2,646
1,079
4,242
14.946
IS, 967
665
13
10
8
26
48
2
10
190
1
2
1
37
7
1
82
224
78
26
140
68
29
221
885
187
9
800
989
83
2
46
80
42
183
1,901
1,985
4.019
Baracoa. ............. .........
6,862
Bayamo
61656
Campechuela ,
1,401
Caney
22
10
5
4
96
81
1
60
59
1
2,145
Cotee..:.........:.-..........
1
1
1
8
8
4.0^
Cristo
315
Oibara
2
!
1
1
J
2,838
Oxiantanamo
9,009
Holguin....
2,064
Jiguani
1
6
2.219
4
k
6;484
CitjfofManzaniUo
S,7tS
1.622
Niquero . ......
415
16
10
8
41
27
V
8
1
1
80
942
9kS
2,940
Puerto Padre
2,606
Sairua de T4namo ............
1
4
60
60
loS
8!mLuiS-..r!^!:...:..:::::
Santiago de Cuba
aty of Santiago de Cuba.
2
11
11
4,023
11,916
10,9ki
The province
76,408
1,060
82
1,200
20
8,961
70,116
Digitized by VjOOQIC
438
BEPORT ON THB OBNftUB OF CUBA,
Table XXy.—Or^l gtot^ of ot^upoitumAkM ^W^^ «^=J^» «»*<' ^"^w*
Total
Aflrricnl
tnra*
fisheries,
and
mittimg.
Triide
and
trans-
porta-
tknL
7»,427
Uanti-
factnr-
fngfltnd
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
I^foflss-.
sional
service.
Without
Per?4onal gainful
•ervire ■ occupa
1 tion.
ToUd^
1,673.797
»9.197
98,034
8,736
141.936 950.4«7
Under 10 years
lOtoUKeara
356.987
230,049
178.085
153.950
137.405
118.812
185,056
117.528
68.182
37,7»4
1.193
36.881
43,308
37.963
34.379
30.709
50.413
33,625
80,642
11.069
46
2,445
10.057
13.301
11,853
10,281
16,304
9.236
4.381
1.543
91 t 3 1 730 . a>1.9fM
4^578 29 . 11 2W i l«v; !«ii)
15tol9irear8
li,465
14.343
1^680
1L729
iT;617
9,810
4,963
1.758
94S ' 18.781 Sa.u<7
915 • l«.41fl , Rf ft!r
29 to 24 rears
i^io20 7Mirs
1.241
1.328
2.285
1.498
73»
358
18,743
16.45^
25,150
16.646
, 9.86?
4.«fl
p7 mo
flQioMVAars - ---
|j< ;C8
85 to 44 years
45to54y9ar8
4s n.j
' 66 to 64 ream
2T.'W>
65 years fljid over.
*8 l'V>
Total males -- --.-- -
815,205
~292.^r
78,766
82,012
7.096
~95,7^
~~m*i5
tJnder 10 years .....
180.680
112.390
84.346
79,008
73,306
64.023
101,305
64.096
37,(«9
19.033
1,149
35,458
42.751
37.489
33,817
30.'065
48, 9«)
32,385
1»
45
2.432
9,994
13,217
11,771
10,184
i6.in
9,127
80
3,953
11^661
12,184
12,109
10,570
16,033
9.101
4.671
1.660
3
17
167
5n
942
3(A
r.538
,12,740
67 ff)\
V)tol4y^r8
istowyaaw
20 to 24 years
i,4ar
25 to 29 years ......
1 073
30 to 84 years
1.129 ; 11.178
1.963 1 t6.420
1,329 * 10.521
640 6,306
329' 3,163
897
35 to 44 years
1.7:j«
45to54 years
1 CB
55 to 64 years
1,422
65 years and over .
1 S79
Tcft^ f eroajes „
757.582 1 6.866
661
11.022
1,640
46.167
891.236
Under Jt) years..,
10 to 14 years....-
15 to 19 years ...7-
176.297
107,650
98,689
73,961
64.199
54.789
83,751
53,432
31,083
18,751
44
423
552
474
662
644
1.433
1,240
904
580
1
13
63
84
82
77
133
109
50
40
. 11
^ 625
' t814
2,159
1,571
1,159
1,584
709
292
96
13"
175
838.
290
197
322
160
99
29
359
3,718
8,041
6.882
5.248
5,281
8,739
6,125
3,656
1.738
175.883
9t <H4
20 to 24 years....
83.5>lt
' 25to297ears
1^,437
80 to 34 years
17.431
86 to 44 years
71^540
45 to 54 years
••■4B.ffif^
6Ato64years
85.1T3
& Tears and over
' K SS8
I^otal native white , -r
910,299
166,960
29,434
39,684
5,95G
47.221
'ft«T:fitt
Under K) years
238,504
146,928
114.092
88,503
74, HI
63,008
95,001
52,838
26,690
12,624
725
26,162
29,067
23,341
19,703
17.316
27,138
14.657
6,969
2.902
32
1,710
5,630
4.898
8,893
3,588
5,695
3,555
1,123
410
3i
§,204
7,134
i»656
5,779
4,863
7.216
8,621
1.618
559
1
15
m
885
•Hf
1.602
961
448
218
8101
5,43t
8,888
7,731
5.348
7.447
- 8.86^
1,706
646
'f?5:^
lOtoUyears .-.:
15 to 19 years...,
a)to24'year8
®:395»
45. ns
25to29years
37.«fi6
80tod4 years
'- SO 9^
35 to 44 years...,
4t>.013
«to54'ywiir8
' 27 .»4
55 to64 years
66 years and over
14>27
7 880
Native white males
447.373 1 166.277
29,218
35,067
4,680
39,123
173,008
130,518
Under lOyears
710
31
1,705
5,595
4.848
3,869
3,569
5,552
2,536
1,114
409
28
1,893
5,849
6,777
5,223
4.416
6,532
3,324
1,499
536
1
4
110
401
621
765
1.367
835
3T7
199
129
4,340
7,0M
6,624
5,530
4.424
6.077
3,80t^
1,874
537
tlO 649
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
75,17(»
52.818
42,091
.35,588
31,(t>4
24,998
28,916
23,285
19,639
17,262
27,044
14,596
6,933
2,894
20 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30to34years
ava56
' " tid
••-818
85to44 3P6ars
45 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
47, 70:>
25.192
11.99(5
5,211
4,133
em
85 years and over —
.V , •^
Native white females
402.926
683
216
4,617
l,2n)
' «i«6
:^T
Under lOyeaib
10 to 14 Years
115.956
71,758
61,274
46,412
38.523
31,954
47.296
27.646
14,694
7.413
15
164
141
66
64
54
84
61
36
8
1
5
35
50
24
19
43
29
9
1
6
311
1.285
879
• 556
447
684
397
119
33
81
1.0841
l,515i
909
1.8?0
673
--■ «H
100
11
157
284
221
148
' • ^a85'
136
71
19
15 to 19 Vears .....
{ 88-14]
£0 to 24 years
'44.106
26to29Vears .......
44.880
26.460
TU.lib
7,iM
8Dto84y6arB...4^
86 to44 years
45to54vears
85to64!vears
65 years and. over
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
489
TaSijb XXV.— OfYwid groupn of occupations by age, sex, cmd race — Continned.
CUBA-^3oii tinned.
Total.
Agricul
tttte,
fisheries.
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans*
porta-
lion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tionT
Total foreim white.. . .
142,096
31.270
4^.368
-14,703
2,232
23,237
38,288
Under 10 vears - .
2,918
2.764
8.307
30,1<«
23.090
19,675
31.512
19.314
9,820
11
311
1,361
4.564
5.581
4.720
7.405
4,3?4
2,092
853
4
428
3,648
7,564
7,087
6.886
9,460
6.291
2,238
762
3
88
609
L69I
2,628
2.310
8.782
2.186
1.064
342
1
6
28
161
310
341
562
450
241
124
1
2,886
1,762
1,624
lOtoUyears
^ 15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years ....^
25to29years
2.699
8,104
2,764
4,818
3.917
2,766
30 to 34 years ..,4.........
85 to 4i years *--
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 vears ..-
65 vears and over-
4,563
1,958
Foraign wijitejnale»^
115.740
31,214
42.123
14.847
1,937
21,484
4,635
Under 10 vears - ......
1,486
1.648
6,708
17,285
19,647
. 16.&16
26,449
15,515
7,327
3.029
11
310
1.360
4,560
5,571
4.712
7,390
4,367
2,085
848
4
422
8.624
7,637
7,040
6.847
9,405
6,264
2,222
758
3
81
572
1.642
2,678
8.263
8,n2
2,184
1,029
333
1
4
20
126
255
298
482
421
216
114
8
4.087
467
1,469
694
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years ...j;
25to29ye^rs
178
118
166
30 to 34 vears j-.^ .
134
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
886
607
55to64years
489
65 years and over
609
Foreign "wWtefemaiep
26,358
66
245
356
295
1,753
28^698
Under IQ years
1,432
1.116
1,509
2.910
3.383
3,029
5,063
3,799
2.493
l,5ai
88
209
2B8
263
Ul
287
143
67
1.427
into li years ...^
15 to 19 years
r
1
4
10
8
16
5
7
6
6
24
27
47
39
66
27
16
4
7
87
49
60
47
70
62
85
9
1
8
35
55
48
80
88
25
10
1.068
1.446
2,686
2 088
2.680
4,482
20to24ye|ir8..,;-
S to 29 years. ...^
30 to3i years
35 to 4i years -
45 to 54 years.., ,.
8,410
55 to 64 years ...j
'65 years and over
2287
1.448
7ota) colowd^i ,\.i
520,400
100,967
7,625
38,647
554
71.478
801.120
Under 10 years *
117.565
TO. 367
65,636
44.261
40.264
38.129
68.543
46.376
31.672
20,597
467
10,408
12.886
10.058
9,095
8,673
15,880
14.506
11.681
7,334
10
307
779
830
873
787
1.249
1.390
1.020
371
54
2.286
6,722
6,996
6,278
4,556
6.619
4.008
2,281
867
1
9
47
69
89
74
121
78
60
16
5.^
9188
8^63
7.908
7^408
12,227
9.8n
6.728
3,731
116,646
lOtoUyears ...
15 to 19 years . ^.^
61.686
26,066
;9,186
16,941
14,677
20 to 24 T^rs ....,
25 to 29 years*..., -
^ to 34 years ..,.-
35 to 44 years
22,447
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years.
16,482
10.012
65 years and over,
taS
Colored males « .
252,092
94.840
7,425
ae.608
479
36,162
81.688
Under 10 years
58,656
35.581
24.820
19.632
17.971
16.323
27,151
23.389
17,776
10.798
428
10.150
12,475
9,644
8,607
8,091
14.646
13,422
10,720
6,757
10
305
776
832
862
768
1.214
1,337
986
336
49
1,979
6.230
4,766
4.308
3,891
5.789
3.648
2,148
801
1
9
87
60
66
66
114
78
47
16
224
\^
4.U7
3,987
3,616
2.160
67,944
10 to 14 years
80,077
16 to 19 years
1,006
0 1^ 2-* y«^»^ ,
SJ
25 to 29 years ..^.
30 to 34 years
191
146
35 to 44 years ....,
219
45 to54 yeard
222
55 to 64 years ..,
284
(S years and over,
724
i .' i>ped females . < . .
268,306
6,127
200
6,049
76
36,316
219,641
Under 10 years
58.909
34.776
30,816
24,629
22.293
19,806
31,302
21,987
13,896
9,804
29
258
410
414
488
582
1,334
1,174
861
677
6
307
1.492
1.231
966
666
830
360
138
66
878
8.601
4 448
4.046
41066
4. 100
6^968
6^186
8.062
1.678
68,602
lOtoUyears
2
4
7
11
19
36
58
34
35
81.006
15 to 19 years
10
19
23
B
7
6
8
?4.467
18.912
^to2i years ..^
25 to 2d years. ..... . .
16,760
30 to 34 years ...i
35 to 44 years ....,
14.482
22,228
45 to 54 years
16.210
55 to 64 years
9,778
65 years and over
7,664
Digitized by VjOOQIC
440
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXV,— Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race — Contixiiied.
PROVINCE OP HABANA.
Tot»l.
Affrical-
tare«
Asherien,
and
mioing.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
llano-
factor-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
duBtriea.
Profes-
sional
service.
I
Withoot
Personal' gainful
seryioe. ocenpa-
! tion.
Total.
Under 10 years -. -
10 to U years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Total males.
Under 10 years —
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total females.
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
36to4iyear8
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Total native white .
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35to44year8
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Native whita males ..
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20to24years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
05 years and over. .
Native white females .
Under 10 years ...
lOtoHyears
15 to 19 years
20to24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
424,804
81,968
39.716
42,901
64, n4
79,738
50,737
48,521
49,251
45,029
36.463
63,519
32,883
18,829
9,844
221,990
8,366
5.053
4,949
4.467
3,400
4.926
8,051
1,787
914
31~W4
20
965
4,862
7,277
6,834
6.319
7,942
4,231
2,047
718
87
2,061
6,466
6,966
6,918
6.661
8,014
4,221
2,102
701
14
138
443
1,212
817
881
190
271
4,456
8.189
9,241
9.189
7,835
11.886
7.664
4,458
2,126
39.440
88,088
8,820
46,877
39,778
25,658
23,771
26,294
24,981
20,357
29,682
17,478
9,564
4.427
84
8,%1
5,047
4,946
4,464
3,307
4,923
3,045
l,78t)
907
19
958
4,826
7.226
6.290
5.286
7,801
4,200
2,080
7M
81
1,801
6.800
6.927
6.198
6,027
7,275
3,864
1.988
1
8
80
816
628
614
1,000
786
882
171
146
8.040
6,962
7.140
7,055
6,700
7.900
6.067
2,967
1,343
2ie,8l4
44
275
4.958
738
39,960
25,079
24,750
22,ft57
20,048
16,106
23,837
15,405
9,265
5,417
243,610
6
250
1.147
1,008
716
634
789
857
164
6
63
127
146
70
178
81
49
19
126
1.416
2,227
2,002
2.134
2,12S
8.426
8,607
1.601
782
21,124
11,600
19.600
8,066
21.006
57,296
35,73l>
31.394
27,515
23,075
17,827
25,289
14,211
7,595
3,687
2,690
3,855
3,531
2,996
2,191
3,078
1.607
788
326
15
570
2,084
1,056
1.612
1.421
2.1T9
1,074
522
207
16
1,119
3,534
8.421
8.021
2.480
3,826
1.647
788
249
1
8
101
826
462
464
837
621
226
U9
2.190
8.808
8.702
8.143
2.405
8,171
1.562
766
116,838
21.104
11.484
17.700
2,544
18.942
28.836
18,074
14,403
12,698
10.963
8,«50
12,280
6.403
3,146
1,370
T26^78r
61
2,685
3.850
3,530
2,994
2,190
3,077
1.606
786
325
14
567
2,012
1,925
1,598
1,416
2,161
1,065
520
206
13
1,007
8,027
8,025
2.816
2,247
3,003
1,632
607
243
846
416
726
468
197
100
43
1.845
3.387
8.898
2.898
2,164
2.861
1,421
675
260
20
28,460
17,656
16,991
14,817
12,112
9,177
13,003
7,808
4,449
2.308
106
1.800
511
2,154
3
112
607
386
205
183
232
116
41
6
5
49
100
106
48
111
63
29
10
19
846
416
804
245
241
820
141
01
240.843
70.314
80.805
23,838
20.4UB
17.4=i7
13, (&5
20.(I!9
12,999
8.054
62,376
30,408
16,509
2.M7
730
451
334
904
576
178,467
30,816
28.395
21,281
10,676
17,a»
18,881
10.445
12.4S8
7.SCT
4,567
167,264
57,140
20,163
18.017
14,579
U,861
8.916
12,6B0
7,800
4,555
2^m
45.064
28.71)4
11.987
2.075
604
3U
217
378
8U
271
236
122.199
28,0}
17,186
15.9SS
13,985
11,640
8,eso
12.SSI
7.489
4,284
2,258
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
441
Table XXV. — Grand groups of occupationis by age^ «ej?, and race— Continued.
PROVINCE OP HABANA-Oonttoued.
Total foreign white..
Under 10 years ....
10 to 14 years
16tol9years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
aO to 34 years
36 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over.
Foreign white males .
Under 10 years...
10 to 14 yean*.... .«.
15tol9years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
66 years and over.
Total.
68, 9n
1.797
1,443
4,785
10,397
11224
9,560
14,517
8.541
4,576
2,131
54,162
872
880
4,019
8,802
9,300
7,794
U,562
6,417
8,197
1,329
Foreign white females > 14, 800
Under 10 years . . . .
10 to 14 years
16toI9years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
30 to34 years
86 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Total colored.
Under 10 years....
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 34 years.
36 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Colored males
925
663
766
1,505
1.924
1,766
2,965
2,124
1,379
802
112,214
Under 10 yearn....
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
2U to 24 years
- 25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Colored females
Under 10 years ..
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 yeiuv and over.
20,635
13,564
12,342
11,339
10.730
9,076
13,713
10.131
6.656
4,026
50,990
10,070
6.704
5.349
4,794
4.718
3.913
5.844
4,658
3,221
1,719
61,224
10,665
6.860
6,993
6.545
6,012
5,163
7,869
5.473
3,437
2,307
Agricnl-
tnre.
fisheries.
and
mining.
4,076
1
48
267
628
7B4
583
852
525
302
136
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
25,586
2
808
2.548
4,968
4,885
8,590
5,816
2,787
1,239
4,074 I 25,806
1
i5i
267
628
734
583
852
525
302
134
2
800
2,585
4,951
4,850
8.566
5,288
2,771
1,229
397
21
138
Mann-
factnr-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
8,082
1
77
487
1,161
1,609
1,414
2,184
1,145
581
183
8,674
1
71
460
1,127
1,663
1,380
2,134
1,108
552
178
258
6,788 I
2.589
14,559
22
618
931
790
737
626
996
919
697
452
6,766
22
618
930
788
736
624
914
602
448
3
92
280
353
337
308
447
370
286
113
2,568
3
91
279
360
833
804
442
364
281
111
31
20
855
2.435
2,353
2,193
1.717
2,505
1,429
783
11,659
17
T23
1.822
1,775
1,719
1,400
2,048
1,224
689
242
Profes-
sional
service.
1,245
2
13
90
177
199
318
249
133
64
1,042
1
10
68
143
169
259
223
114
55
208
253
Personal
service.
18,847
5
104
692
2,132
2,524
2,280
3,148
1.770
894
348
12,555
3
84
634
1,968
2,308
2.028
2,852
1.578
791
309
1,292
2
20
58
164
216
203
296
192
103
29,771
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
15,885
204
2,162
3,694
3,407
3.522
3,200 ;
5,067
4,232
2.798 I
1,485 I
234 I 14,880 j
4 I
18 ;
22 '
34
29 1
54
45
21
7
99
1,111
1,941
1,783
1,849 I
1.517
2,257 ,
2,068
1,491
774 ,
1,788
900
778
1,418
1,705
1,544
2,699
2,065
1,427
1,002
2.419
865
876
118
60
98
68
167
212
209
256
12,916
1,358
1,612
1,476
2,532
1,853
1,218
746
58,254
20,386
9,833
4.083
4.400
3,901
3.196
4.641
3,134
2,072
1,700
2,900
3
182
613
578
474
817
467
205
94
27
19 14,891
105
1,051
1,753
1,624
1,673
1,683
2,810
2,174
1,307
711
14,893
0,929
4,157
359
76
47
39
49
53
47
137
~437»ii
10,457
5.676
4.624
4.333
3,854
3,156
4,592
3,081
2,025
1.568
Digitized by VjOOQIC
442
REPORT ON THK CENftlTS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXV. -^f J rami groups of (feeupeUum^ bff age, «cb, and nkv-— Obntiimfed/
PROyiirCB OF MATAIIZAS.
Tot»l.
Under 10 years —
10 to UyearH
15 to 19 years
a) to 24 years
totoIi9year.s — ..
aoto 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
43.147
27,2IH
22,143
19,408 ,
17.78H
14,418
22,963 1
16,969 I
11,404 ,
6,830 I
Totalmales I 1(^,726
Total.
SUB, 444
AffHcal- Tnde
tnre, | and
flslierle&,' trans-
and j porta-
mining. 1 tion.
50,804 I
9,407
Mann-
factor-
log and
mechan-
ical In-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
io,«e
I
1.071
1,452
1,295
1.151
1,892
1,266
707
274
4
401
1.451
1,618
1,545
1,313
£.197
1.394
768
301
988
2
7
49
97
132
137
202
160
98
Under 10 years..-.
lotoUyoars
15 tolOyears
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years -
30 to 34 years
.•JS to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Total females:
21,468
13,393
11.960
10,082
8.936
6,965
10.676
7,508
4,645
3,140
Total native wWte ' 1(«,682
Under 10 years —
10 to 14 years
15tol9years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over.
21,679
18,901
10,183
9,4<i6
8.852
T,4.W
12,287
9,4«i6 ,
6,750
3,680 I
98.718
46,496
217
4.790
8,152
6,659
6.263
4.384
7.106
5.9P9
4,.^1
2,495
4.308
21
174
275
289
374
409
944
806
606
410
9,330
10
289
1.066
1.415
1,292
1,143
1,880
1.258
701
255
9,532
1,133
1.318
1.317
1.150
1,992
1.283
735
278
767
88
Under 10 years ...
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 31 years
85 to 44 years
45 to .54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Native white males . .
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over. .
Native whit© females.
20,212 ( 3,824
91
2,923
3,738
3,190
2,706
2.085
2,938
1,575
700
266
50,324
Under 10 years ...
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over .
13,842
8,598
6,262
6,144
4,828
8,472
5.220
2,780
1,224
5(H
^527^^
12,412
8,267
7,308
.5,774
4,915
8.562
5,047
2,980
1,488
710
20,080
87
2,900
3.712
8,174
2.689
2.076
2,923
1.566
680
264
132
9
214
734
716
535
459
684
315
110
48
3.800
9
214
731
711
535
455
681
315
no
48
15
U460
1
78
318
300
228
163
205
111
2
6
26
61
90
102
225
134
77
45
2£1
3,115
8
216
764
828
730
625
1,066
550
238
81
4,454
2
166
629
686
688
566
980
501
224
72
2
40
69
90
96
198
113
66
26
498
661
1
49
135
137
92
69
106
49
14
9
1
17
36
56
69
164
89
44
185
Persona]
service.
Withoi2t
gainful
tion.
)8,1«6' m,148
- Wt
' '.988 ■
lv682!
Ufl82;
1,418 1
21379 I
1,738-f
1,079
5,587
40
8B0
6f6
880
580
019
701.
7^518
»
9^
650
915
683
1,460
1,051
6S2^
27»'
18
271
4l0
56»
463
3ilO<
fi8»
251:
111
2»19l^
5
174!
300
435
357
280
377
180
89
S»,
97
170
lii
105!
I56i
71
.3:*
417&4
ii,«as
8.4UI
T487
K.611
- 8,183
S.682
8,7B»
21,407
6.103
1.231
153
113
M
16&
181
198
am
»,M
ja,38T
12, 583
]i,3B5
8,548
T,a74
6,517
8.018
ft. 501
8.432
8.408
3,060 1 6B;aD
2ft. 138
iS.2«0
T.818
8,561
' 4,7»
a4Q8
«.834
2.856
1,447
765
19,861
12.738
ft, 143
873
lOS
53
56
96
79
68
76
60.508
12,398
6.087
8,916
' 6.450
4,067
8,8SS
6,739
.8,777
1,379
889
Digitized by VjOOQIC
' M 1 ; OCOUPATIONSL . 448
Tapi^F' XXV.T-/3fmn4 grotip^ of accupaticm' to ag^, ^ex, and roce-^goptinu^d.
PRO. ,k\C&OF ^7ANZASH[^A^aaed.
TotaL
Afrleal-
ture,
fisTieries,
and
Tradp
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factnr-
ingand
nftechan-
ical in
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
242
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
'X*otal forejgp white
15,235
4.700
4,104
., 1,438
1.106
3.645
219
675
1.836
2.0K2
1,90U
3,394
2,462
1.592
810
2
66
179
629
708
065
1.117
609
442
193
1
2
3
ir
32
29
63
43
81
21
''*'"""9'
45
154
1^
255
181
110
87
216
10 to U ^ears . ..^...
30
217
688
609
570
;i.034
629
^ 308
124
1
21
121
217
182
854
208
180
64
157
15 to IH years *
210
3" to ''4 vea**** - •-— -
327
25 to 2l> years
30to;Jt years ...,.
35 to 4t yearn ..**
351
304
571
45 to i^ 1^ y eiii's
612
55 to tit years
65 yean* and o vep^
526
371
foreign wj)itemale«.
4,684
2
65
178
629
7(V>
663
1,113
698
438
193
16
4,089
1,413
215
957
492
Under 10 years
121
152
474
1,508
1,720
1.576
. 2,8<I9
1,870
1,112
508
1
2
3
15
26
25
54
41
28
20
118
JO to 1 4 years
30
216
587
606
567
1,090
627
302
124
i
21
115
215
177
349
294
178
m
25
i
148
128
220
149
SI
47
15 to 19 Vears
16
20 to »4 years
25 to «» years ...,
a0to3l years ...,
35 to44 years ...,
45 to 54 years *.:
19
20
16
43
61
55 to W years
72
65 years and over^
80
Foreign wWto femaies
3.385
15
27
149
3,143
Under 10 years - -
OB
113
201
328
362
324
585
592
480
, 302
98
10 to 14 years ..^
1
1
■**
5
a
17
22
35
33
16
9
110
15 to 19, years
i
; 1
3
3
4
■/ f
194
SO to 24 years
6
2
5
5
4
2
I
2
6
4
0
2
3
1
308
25 to29 years .S,
80to34 years
•i
4
1
4
831
288
"^ to 44 years . ._'
528
45 to M years
551
55 to 64 years .. ,
464
65 years and over
291
Total colored , •
84.527
25.892
1.479
4,4;»
63
8,940 , 43,714
Under 10 vears
17,674
10.164
7,903
6.744
6.463
5,484
9,30^
8,847
' 7.150
4,790
417552^
146
1,975
2,610
2,129
2,228
2,043
3,995
4,441
3,985
2,446
1
45
120
148
151
122
174
322
294
102
1
185
666
674
588
506
1
3
6
11
10
12
86 17 440
10 to H years
688 7,268
15 to 19 years
1,004 8„597
960 2.813
1,065 2,416
20 to 24 years
25to29voar8 ..,,
30 to 34 years
903 1,898
' J5 to 44 years
757 7
546 4
350 6
156 1 8
1 591 2.778
45 to 54 years
1.320 2.214
55 to 64 years . . . .",
858 1 1,657
^ years and oveY
456 I 1 6:fi
K441
12.220
Colored males .,
21,733
3.665
54
2,431
*" * \
Under ID years
8,716
5, 151
3,447
2.814
. 2.804
2.405
4,258
4.866
4.423
2. 668
128
1,825
2,262
1,856
1,869
1,645
3,070
3,645
3,304
2.038
1
45
119
147
151
121
169
1
166
483
517
1
3
5
10
35 8.550
10*0 14 years
15 to 19 years ...
20 to 24 years . ;, ,
286
192
822
372
344
197
2,918
342
32
25 to 29 years
30 to34 years
464 8
417 8
40
22
36to44years .S:
683
7
4
5
27
45to5| years
55 to 64 years . ..!, •
316 488
289 m
83 143
41
58
65 years' and over ... .
204
'
Colored females .^
42,975
4,160
38
774 9
6,509
31.485
Under 10 years
8,958
5.013
4,456
• 3,930
3.650
3,079
5.044
3,981
2.727
2.128
17
150
248
273
354
398
925
796
591
408
51 8,890
10tol4ye-ars
29
183
479 4,355
15 to 19 years
1
1
l"
5
6
5
19
1
768 3,255
717 2,781
793 2,376
;iO to 24 years .^
25 to 29 years . . .'.
157 ' 1
134 1 2
^ to 31 years...,
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years . ...
89
04
68
4
ni 1,876
1,269 2,751
948 2. 173
55 to 64 years
te years and over
17
13
1
514 1.599
259 1,429
Digitized by VjOOQIC
444
REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXV. — Orand groups of occupation by age^ sex^ and race— Continiied.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Total
Agricnl-
tnre,
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Hann-
factnr-
ingand
mechan
icalin
dnstriee.
Profes-
sional
service.
Pdrsonal
servioe.
Without
gainful
UonT
Total . ,
178,064
48.697
4,432
8.686
300
10,600
106.202
Under 10 years
42.757
25.458
20.727
19,395
16,978
12.811
16,744
10. 176
278
7,065
7.666
7.427
6.791
6,023
6.838
4,119
2,841
1.189
4
196
609
768
729
624
827
483
210
74
6
203
647
626
635
422
656
391
189
61
61
1.483
1,678
1.669
1,412
1.002
1,616
946
677
825
42.400
16,586
10,230
8,808
7,454
10 to 14 years
1
7
27
57
68
07
87
44
11
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
6,182
6,810
4 140
85 to 44 years
45 to 5 ( years
55 to d years
6.502
3.021
2;i3SJ
1,361
65 years and over
Total males
91.688
48,552
4,390
3.818
360
7,860
27.714
Under 10 years
21,913
13,048
10,174
9.961
9,182
6,871
9,560
5,902
3,389
1,784
271
7.008
7.637
7.412
6,771
6,010
6,821
4,108
2,883
1,186
4
194
601
754
719
619
817
489
219
74
6
177
460
544
486
888
616
884
184
60
85
on
1.137
1.004
070
760
1.087
684
420
252
21,506
4.603
10tol4 years
16 to 19 years., t
20to24 years
26 to 29 years
5
28
40
68
84
82
42
11
134
137
ao to 84 years
85 to44 years
45 to 54 years
131
194
160
55 to 64 years
141
65 years and over
201
Total females
81,376
145
42
822
40
8.330
n.488
Under 10 years
20. 8U
12,410
10,553
9,484
7,846
6.440
7.176
4.274
2.163
1.287
7
27
19
16
20
13
17
16
8
8
26
462
641
665
442
832
470
262
157
75
20 811
10 to 14 years
1
8
4
- 10
6
10
4
26
78
82
49
84
40
7
6
1
1
2
4
8
6
13
6
2
11.803
9.906
8.764
7.317
6,051
6.616
3.980
i!ooi
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years . -
45to64vear8
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,160
Total native white
114,907
31,857
1.787
1.717
286
4.429
74,83?
Under 10 years
30.562
18.363
14,772
13.268
11,200
7,739
10,071
5,422
2,494
1,026
170
6,277
5,671
6;248
4,583
8.228
4,142
2,163
1,016
864
3
147
890
321
299
173
272
128
43
11
8
114
206
888
260
188
287
167
62
22
10
734
821
704
631
454
648
268
120
40
30,3S7
12,090
7,690
6,539
5.385
3641
4744
2,653
10 to 14 years
15tol9yeary
20 to 24 years
25to29years
1
4
23
42
65
78
58
26
4
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to64 years
65 years and over
Native white males
58,573
81,774
1,778
1.642
268
3,368
19.868
Under 10 years
15.777
164
5,268
5,658
5,233
4,573
3,223
4,185
2,154
1.012
364
3
147
390
820
297
172
269
126
48
11
8
102
2S2
201
288
172
261
152
49
22
13
630
625
576
483
340
428
222
08
85
15,504
10 to 14 years 9.428
8^^
15 to 19 years
30 to 24 years - .
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
7,195
6,547
5,714
4,060
6.286
2,783
1.276
607
8
10
86
61
68
60
23
4
106
88
93
35 to 44 years
ISS
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
79
66
05 years and over
71
56.334
83
9
176
82
1.086
«4,9I»
Under 10 years
14,785
8,935
7,5n
6,711
6,486
8,679
4.785
2; 680
1,218
619
6
19
13
10
6
106
106
218
148
106
120
46
27
5
14,778
lOtoUyears ...
12
44
47
22
16
26
6
3
10
8
2
«
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
i'
SSI
8^648
4,619
514
25 to 29 years
10 f 9.
30 to 34 years
5
7
9
4
1
3
2
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OOOUPATIONB.
445
Tabus XXV, — Grand groups of oocupationa by age^ sex, and race— Continued.
PBOVINCB OP PINAB DEL BlO-Ctontinued.
Total.
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Personal
seryioe.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Total fonfism whit4j
10,718
5,806
3,234
602
99
988
1,499
Under 10 years
82
115
660
1,402
1633
1.471
2,432
1,716
906
400
1
36
266
714
840
753
1,237
849
446
176
1
7
41
118
143
141
234
175
88
40
80
10 to'l4 years
22
183
389
381
312
498
286
126
38
51
15 to 19 years
14
46
92
88
176
106
57
15
1
1
13
13
15
32
17
7
66
SO to 24 years..
135
25 to 29 years.
104
30 to i'H years.. ..
164
35 14> 44 years.
273
45 to 54 years.
268
65 to 64 years
65 years and over
175
133
foreign white males
9,447
6,302
2,204
585
92
954
310
Under 10 years
47
80
487
1,283
1,471
1.319
2,184
1,494
782
320
1
36
256
714
839
752
1,236
849
445
176
1
7
41
114
137
138
226
166
84
40
46
10 to 14 years
21
175
386
373
300
408
284
125
38
17
15tol9years
14
43
91
87
174
100
56
14
2
20 to 24 years
1
12
12
13
30
17
7
5
25 to29 years. . ....
19
80 to 84 years
21
35 to 44 years
42
45toMyear<i.
59
65 to64 years
56
65 years and orer
45
Foreign white females
1.271
4
30
7
7
34
1,189
Under 10 years .
36
36
63
139
162
152
248
222
126
89
35
lOtoUyears
I
8
3
8
3
5
2
84
15to19year<i . ,,
1
64
20 to 24 years
2
1
1
1
4
6
3
8
9
4
130
25 to 29 years
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
145
80 to 34 years
143
35 to 44 years
231
45 to 54 years t...
65 to 64 years .
209
1
1
1
120
ttyearsand oyer
88
Total colorfMl , , .
47,439
11.534
4U
1.826
16
6.282
28,871
Under 10 years
12,113
6,976
6.405
4,735
4 146
3,101
4,241
3.088
2.100
i;6e6
107
1,723
1,730
1.470
1.368
1,042
1,460
1,107
879
649
1
26
36
48
40
39
67
79
51
25
2
89
237
243
183
146
194
128
80
24
41
602
816
747
638
497
784
508
309
245
11.962
10 to 14 years
4.445
15 to 19 years
2
3
2
2.584
20 to 24 years...
2,224
25 to 29 years
1,906
80 to 34 years
L877
35 to 44 years
4
2
2
1,793
45 to 54 years
1,219
55 to64 years
719
66 years'and over.
643
Colored males
23.668
11,478
.408
1,186
14
8,043 i 7.541
•
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
6.089
3.685
2,492
106
1.716
1,724
1,466
1,369
1,086
1,450
1,100
876
646
1
28
36
48
49
38
65
79
61
26
2
76
208
210
167
120
181
126
79
24
21
425
471
404
350
273
383
296
243
177
5.950
2'
3
2
1^4
56
20 to 24 years
2.151
1,947
1,492
2,009
1,625
1,281
967
21
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
30
17
35 to 44 years
8
2
2
27
45 to 54 years
22
66 to 64 years
66 years and over
30
85
Colored females
23,771
58
3
140
I
2,239
21,330
Under 10 years
6,024
3.440
2,013
2,584
2,198
1.609
2.142
1.413
819
629
1
8
6
5
9
7
9
7
3
3
20
287
345
343
288
224
361
207
126
68
6,003
lb to 14 years .
14
34
33
26
17
1
3,151
15 to 19 years I.I..
2,528
20 to 24 years . . ..-,. ...
2,203
25 to 20 years
1,875
30 to 84 years -....
1
2
1,360
85 io 44 years
1
1,766
45toMyears
65 to 64 years
1,197
689
65 years and oyer
558
.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
446 REP >KT ON THR OBWBUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XXV. — Orand gnmp» of o(*eupaHofns bftctget maxiand tiwe^-^C^Vittti^
PBOVINGB OP PUERTO PBIN<?IPfe. '
Total
Under 10 years...
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
30 to 24 years
25 to :» years
3D to 34 years
35to44years
45 to 54 shears
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total males
Under 10 years ...
10 toUyears
15 tol'Jyears
20 to 24 years
25 to21) years
30 to 84 years
35 to 4 4 years
4oto5tyear8
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Total females
Under 10 years...
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to84 years
35to44year8 — ..
46 to 54 years
55 to64 years
65 years and over-
Total native white . ..
Under 10 years...
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to2S> years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years..... -
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Native white males . .
Under 10 years . . .
10 to 14 years —
15 to 19 years
20 to24 years
25 to29 years
30 to 34 years
a5 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 04 years
&y years and over.
Native white females
Under 10 years...
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to24 years
35 to29 years
30 to 34 years
a5to44 years
45 to 54 years
55to64 5riear8
65 years and over.
ToUl,
8.234
Aaricnl-
ture,
flsberies,
B«d
mining.
Timde
nUd
|»orta
17.068
Mann-
factur-
ing fnd
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
3.0CH t 8,704
24.448
14
1
13.320
1.847
05
9.650
2.900
391
6,24«
1.770
446
5.100
1.447
330
5.944
1,731
387
9.943
3,061
687
6,791
2,(197
405
4,200
1.375
180
2.590
816
83
1
i;:i
612
506
455
4<J8
662 I
488
380
121
Profes
sional
Withoat
Personal gainfn)
I service, occofia-
' lion.
44.899 I
,030
12,531
6,863
4.481
3.121
2,582
2.96J
5.3118
3,533
2.238
1,379
14
1.843
2.89;j
1,767
1 444
1.728
3 058
2.094
1,375
814
43,335 I
28
11,917
6.457
5.169
3,127
2,518
2.981
4,735
8,258
1,962
1.211
aB7349
2.954
* 3.983
1
1
94
128
:w7
416
445
410
:J28
3B6
;wj
330
an
548
390
418
173
348
79
109
60
ao
28
ae'l
1 IM
m,4R
-' " 14'
• ■».41i*
sm
• m,m
MTl
• 4,i«
. 8t8
3.6ni
- TW
* - 3.»l
880
» 3.4JH
^l,4f7
'3,Mt«
i.eei
3.73)
tzo
1.715
438 f 1.112
k,Wi^ ir.iT
50
12,496
20,128
10.889
7.584 ,
4.470
3,325
4.351
7,165
4,471
2,606
i,;»o f
9
1,574
2.391
1,352
960
1.317
2.394
1,388
822
.399
1,861
83
314
283
149
360
450
198
109
33
3B.575
12,473
1.832
10 307
9
5.612
1.570
82
3526
2.;»4
310
2,120
1,350
362
1.499
948
148
2,053
1.316
257
3.56;i
2,291
442
2.065
1,385
191
1,216
822
105
614
398
a5
33,774
9,821
5,2n
4,058
2,350
1.826
2.298
3,602
2.406
1.390
746
arr
721
44
106
05
80
69
114
70
33
13
1 I
5 (
34 I
45
77
57
26
31
«7
e
880
8QB
4«l|
' 885
431
7«?
889
4MI9
S
186
5«3
878
818 1
435
TU
883 1
; 381 •
178 .
is.sm
4.137
171
33
44
40
»
55
6,242
"4.391
1,137
3.<til)
2.4H
eete
1,63»
1.016
1.754
1
90
351
343
105
188
333
196
105
54
1,269
1
61
205
186
146
145
353
148
80
44
485
20
146
66
40
43
70
48
25
10
345
11
37
27
40
65
38
30
It
4,140
-■"8-
373:
7T3
463
a«
483
804
485
368
13S4
4S;l3B
90 110
8.770
3 745
z.m
1.M2
3.IM
8.SS)
3,186
l.SB
190
2,463 I 14,^
873
478
ero
901
375
468
861
m
79 i
W).335
3.636
K»l
27
»i
33
U
45
41
4J
55,
\S
8
II
6
13
10
3
3
•8V
6^
89
:. 98
- 163
• -J'' 807'
-«4-
•/ '48
.»1 191
.• ».HI5
; 6.1M
B.5W
. .t(5
j.'l.erff
MfJ.Offi
• '^,136
• B.lil
- '1.241
- ■< W7
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
44T
TablK XXV.-^Orand ffroup^ of occupaficms by age, sex,aiid ra<«—Ooti tin tied.
PROVINCB Of PlTteftTO WtlNOlP'lfeMl^ntinued.
.' } ,,
Total.
fisheries,
aii4
mining.
trans*
porta-
tlon.
928
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
.. -887
Profes-
Bional
service.
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occui)a-
tioh.
Totalforei«ii white ^.i
4,038
1,455
86
640
606
Undflr lO'years
73
108
. .153
462
. 675
. 459
874
680
370
189
73
Mtolivears . *
13
30
148
298
194
347
i . 244
124
62
6
< 63
166
154
108
192
169
49
27
6
, 12
98
. TR
168
'/^
71
31
79
15 to 19 years..-;
«to24year8
85 to 29 yean . * .
5
31
83
40
80
• 56
23
9
2
8
17
13
14
13
8
5
41
52
30
80 to 34 years...::
85 to 44 years, ..w
4Ato54year5 •.
34
73
71
55 to 64 years.....
- 65 year* and over^
95
55
Vorel^n white Jnales....
: 3^499
U463
927
319
76
572
192
'. • U^derl9years
; 40
56
108
40
Utoliyears ...:
13
. . 30
148
292
194
347
244
124
61
6
; 68
165
154
- 103
192
' 169
49
26
. -3
5
. r 51
, 98
. 70,
,150
, m
. 60
68
33
1ft tn 19 ftAsm
5
30
81
40
79
64
22
8
1
7
13
12
13
18
7
5
4
20 tod4years .. *..
408
. 638
424
795
604
292
142
2
26to29yiMr8
3
• d0to34ryears a
5
35 to 44 years . -*..
14
45to54yearR i
55tod4yMCr8
65 yean and oven
5
80
16
Foreign whi^ke^f emalee
. 639
2
1
8
9
451
' Under 10 years ,
33
48
45
59
39
35
79
76
78
47
•
38
,10 to 14 years...*.
. l5tol9ye«rs..-w
2
7
•7
5
. 5
18
8
n
5
46
1
i
1
87
'. 29 to 24 yeatrs . . . J
1
2
50
.» 21 to 29 years ...kv
1
27
. 80 to 34 years ...ju
29
81 to 44 years ^^
, 1,
1
2
1
1
59
45to54yeaD« ...*.
!..» .-
66
ft5to64^9»arB
1
65
•'■ 05 veanisndover..... .
1 ! 1
39
(TotalcoloTed.^..^..:.
17.847
3.107
215
1,623
29
3,917^
9,956
' Under H) years..,,..,,...
4,247
2,328
1,913
1,316
1. 100
1,134
1,904
1,640
- 1.224
1,041
5
260
479
270
204
220
420
465
429
355
1
6
14
18
27
24
46
38
22
20
6 ' 4.235
., W to 14 years.,.;. ...
15 to 1ft years.. ..J
a0to24ye«rs.,...*
26 to'29' years... vu
80 to 84 years... J.
35to44years
- 45to54yearB
. 55 to 64 years... ^a
OSando^rer ;*
82
256
232
m
180
250
236
162
58
1
4
2
5
9
4
2
1
140
387
298
268
300
525
414
2^1
280
i,830
776
494
422
396
655
483
338
327
Oelored malea «,. .
8,825
3,104 1 195
1,396
28
1.069
3»a36
.Under 10 years
; 2,184
1,196
847
698
447
486
860
864
730
623
6 1
260 6
479 14
289 18
204 2R
4
84
131
lU)
72
m
165
144
• 128
1.^
2.174
IQ to 14 years
67
206
194
139
154
216
216
146
, 67
1
1
3
778
, : 15 tola years.., 4;
20to24yBars.,_
25 to 29 years... ;»
80to34years...vvt
35 to 44 years..-,,
45 to 54 years .. .^,
» 55 to 64 y ears.. -i.-
, 05 years and over.
16
4
6
218
420
466
429
35.'>
20
43
30
19
18
5
9
4
2
1
8
7
5
6
87
lOoloiredfeinfales.. ....«,
9,022
8
20
228
3
1,848
6.920
1 .Under |0 years
2,063
1,132
1,086
718
653
6^
1,054
776
494
418
1
2
&>
258
188
It 8
370
270
}i
2,061
1,052
. 10 to 14 years...;.
15
50
38
88
26
34
20
6
1
i Ip to 19 years ...^
760
d»to24years *
fte to 2» years., .„
1
1
2
490
1
416
80to84years.. .
2
4
2
8
3
2
808
85 to 44 years...;
648
• 1 45 to 54 years - . .,;■,
478
;. 55 to 64 years...,
332
65 years and over
290
Digitized by VjOOQIC
448 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXV,— Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and rtice— Continned.
PBOVINCB OP SANTA CLARA.
Total.
>r 10 yean ...
Uyeara
19 years
24 yean
89 years
84 years
44 years
54 years
64 years
Rrs and over.
Total.
Acrlcal-
rare,
fisheries,
and
mining.
366,686
Total males 189,067
77,209
51.841
40,716
34.309
81.586
27.389
15.618
8.146
81,961
896
9.248
11.145
10,503
9,917
8.976
14.887
9,181
5.464
2.774
)r 10 years...
14 years
19 years
24 years
29 years
34 years
44 years
54 years
64 years
ara and over
Total females.
38.920
26,383
19.281
18.145
17.264
15.324
24.614
15,674
9,088
4.464
167,479
Under 10 years 38,289
lOto 14 years 24,958
15tol9years 21.485
20 to 24 years 16.064
26to29years I 14.272
80to84 years I 12.016
85 to44 years 18.638
46to54 years i 11.697
56 to64 years ' 6,580
65 years and over .
Total native white . . . .
Under 10 years ...
10 tol4 years .
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30to34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Native white males . .
Under 10 years . . .
10 toU years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over.
8.681
80,866
886
9.167
11.041
10,444
9,840
8.880
14,163
8,908
5.804
2,669
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
18.699
4
609
1,7S4
2,006
1.903
1.706
2.837
1,744
801
246
13,606
4
606
1,745
1,994
1,968
1,694
2.817
1,781
791
1,065
11
91
104
69
77
96
194
188
150
115
214.945 I 45.847
63.962
36,434
27.421
20,297
17,710
15,221
28,814
12.385
6.824
2,427
106, ni
27,259
18.775
12.686
9.855
8.709
7,861
12,077
5,957
2,576
1,016
Native white females I 108, 174
Under 10 years ...
10 tol4 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
85 years and over
26,708
17,659
14,735
10,442
9,001
7,380
11,287
6,378
8,248
1.411
264
6.972
7,815
6,245
5,528
5.077
7,833
8,883
1,616
614
46,606
6,908
7,760
6,280
5,506
5,054
7,808
8,868
1,607
614
241
96
5,778
1
899
1,194
905
794
702
1,072
445
201
68
5,747
1,188
897
791
696
1.068
442
201
liann-
factor-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dnstrlesL
16.817
U
7»
8.689
8.686
8. 868
2.078
8.208
1,947
977
827
15,160
10
668
8.068
8,218
2,117
1,906
8.065
1,852
940
818
1,657
1
100
451
817
8i6
167
228
96
87
15
7,665
4
879
1,824
1,215
1,096
919
1,468
780
888
106
6,688
4
817
1.060
1,074
996
841
1.887
671
297
96
68
864
141
106
78
141
50
26
7
Profea-
■ional
■ervioe.
1.400
4
64
179
196
884
870
818
106
60
1.060
1
84
88
189
186
818
177
840
987
141
148
166
866
181
68
86
687
16
60
97
184
810
106
60
86
Without
KBinfnl
service, oocaps-
tion.
80.886
180
8.500
4.079
4.166
8,807
8,470
5,506
8,660
8,258
1.131
22.190
87
1,818
8. 038
8,157
8.971
8,4fi4
8.880
8,508
1.600
848
1.646
06
687
1,141
1,000
886
1,016
1,685
1,148
666
888
10.888
74
1,878
1,904
1,6U
i,8n
1,191
1,687
706
806
106
8,644
45
1,067
1,614
1,407
1,180
wa
1,868
682
266
96
1,644
29
816
890
804
191
198
819
184
68
10
211.9Si
76,61a
aB.ss
21. »
14.880
IS,16B
10.90
16, no
10.537
6.Q8D
8.618
66.»
88,431
14.4B
i,ao6
8tf
214
205
481
419
810
867
166,655
88,164
84,on
19,740
14.5n
12,904
10,685
16.»
10,118
6,710
8.281
144,608
68,619
27.408
^?J
10,180
8,777
7.176
lag
6.880
8,811
1.516
89, «6
28,9tf
10.100
1.048
188
14S
161
886
248
Iff
J?
lfl6,'S7
28,671
9.90
^%
8,12
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
449
Table KXV.—Orand groups of occupations by age^ sex, and race— Continued.
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA-Continued.
TotaL
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Total foreign white
29,823
U,341
6,248
2,388
842
4,446
5.058
Under 10 vears ...
429
567
1,686
4,621
5,227
4,825
6,810
8,940
1,621
606
7
125
537
1,990
2,216
1,801
2,579
1.379
526
181
2
44
427
983
1,044
865
1,544
898
331
110
2
8
66
267
865
418
654
404
162
57
6
28
188
798
929
673
1,058
532
182
52
412
10 to 14 years
1
5
24
37
52
98
70
38
22
861
16 to 19 years
872
20 to 24 years
559
25 to 20 years
636
90 to84 years
521
3S to 44 vears .... ..
H82
46 to 34 years
657
55 tod4 years
382
66 years and over.....
276
Foreign white males
25,336
11,322
6,207
2,361
305
4,312
829
Under 10 years .. . ......
248
335
1,223
4,050
4,572
8,784
5,949
8,388
1,318
489
7
125
537
1,986
2,212
1.799
2.575
1,377
525
179
2
42
, 425
980
1,038
858
1,533
892
328
100
2
7
52
264
861
410
648
400
161
S6
3
23
180
7a5
908
652
1,019
516
177
49
234
10 to 14 years
1
2
16
31
47
87
63
36
22
137
16 to 19 years
27
20 to 24 years
19
25 to 20 years
22
80 to 84 years
18
85 to 44 years
87
45 to 54 years
120
66 to64 years
91
65 years'and over
74
Foreign white females
4.487
. 19
41
27
37
134
4,229
Under 10 years ......... .
181
232
862
571
655
541
861
572
303
209
3
5
8
13
21
21
39
16
5
3
178
10 to 14 years
2
2
3
6
7
11
6
3
1
i
4
3
4
8
6
4
1
1
224
BtolO^ears
3
8
6
5
6
7
2
845
20 to 24 years
4
4
2
4
2
1
2
540
25 to 29 years
614
80 to 84 years .............
503
85io44 years
795
45 to54 years
537
66 to 64 years
291
65 yearsand over
202
Total colored .... '
111,768
24,763
1.675
6,864
100
16,102
62,364
Under 10 vears ...
22,818
14.340
11.710
9,291
8,599
7,793
13,028
10,996
8,173
6,000
125
2,151
2,793
2,268
2,173
2,000
3,945
8,919
3.312
1.979
1
66
133
118
155
189
221
401
269
72
5
365
1,159
1,053
900
741
1,171
813
492
165
100
1.199
1,987
1,757
1,597
1,606
2,760
2.352
1,768
22,587
10 to 14 years
10.559
15 to 19 years
9
14
19
16
22
11
7
2
6,629
20 to 24 years
4.081
25 to 29 years
8,755
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
8,193
• 4,900
45 to 54 years
8,5)0
56 to 64 years .... . .
2.325
66 years and over
976 1.826
Colored males
56,950
23.938
1,549
6,117
77
9.234 16,«35
Under 10 years. ........
11,418
7,273
5,322
4,240
3.983
3,679
6,588
6,349
5,144
2,959
117
2,129
2,744
2,228
2,122
2,027
8,780
3,753
3,172
1,866
1
65
132
117
154
188
•216
397
262
67
4
328
976
880
763
655
1,090
781
482
158
39 11.252
10 to 14 vears
733 4,018
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
6
8
11
14
21
8
7
2
1,144! 83^
965 1 42
25 to 20 years ........ .
883 50
80 to 34 years
809 1 86
35 to 44 years
1,433 ' 48
46 to 64 years
1,354 56
55 to 64 years
1,168 53
65 years and over ,.
706 1 160
Colore females
54,818
825
26
747
23
6,86b 1 46,329
Under 10 years......
11,406
7,067
6,388
5.051
4,616
4,114
6.440
4,647
3,029
8
22
49
40
51
71
165
166
140
1
37
183
173
61 11,335
10 to 14 vears . . ..
466 6.541
15 to 19 years
3
6
8
2
1
3
843 5,3()9
20 to 24 years
792 4,039
25 to 20 years
1 i 137
714 8,7(«
30 to 34 years
86
81
32
10
7
797 8,157
86 to 44 years
1.327 , 4,861
45 to 54 years ... .
998 8,444
56 to 64 vears
600 1 2,272
66 years and over
2 061 1 li-^
270 ! 1-fiHH
1
24662-
-29
Digitized by VjOOQIC
450 REPORT ON THE CENSU.^ OF CUBA, 1899.
Table jLXV.^OraTid groups of occupations by age, i<ex, and raci*— Contanned.
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
Total.
Mirs.
■s
'«
■s
•8
I over.
Affrical-
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining.
182
0,431
10.122
7,366
6,120
6,786
13, 181
8,462
4,558
2,401
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
0,270 I 14,885
7
382
1.370 '
1,362
1.172 I
1,174 I
2, IIP '
1.007
427 I
150
33
000
2.860
2,124
1,800
1,052
2,705
1,360
647
247
Profes-
sional
servioe.
1,028
Totalmales 163,846 | 67,443, 0,140
Under 10 years . - .
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25to20year8
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Total females.
0,309
0,081
7,261
6,035
6,666
12,900
8,241
4,425
2,438
163,870
Under 10 years . . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 28 years
30 to34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 yearaand over .
Total native white.
Under 10 years.. .
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years ,
56 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Native white males . .
Under 10 years —
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to ;H years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over..
Native white females.
Under 10 years...
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to JJ4 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years . .
55 to 64 years
66 years and <rver .
43,820
25,353
10,772
12.337
10,570
11,282
18,700
11,385
6,468
4,065
167,707
40,30"}
28.647
10,356
12,045
0.558
10,8:36
18,805
10,73!)
5,500
2.010
82,202
1,256
4
122
141
105
85
120
272
221
133
53
35.424
120
5,726
5,587
3,780
2.040
3,418
6,843
4,041
2,027
033
35,240
25,527
14,683
8,746 ,
5,727 I
4,375
4,058
0,273
5,264
2,558
1,101
85,505
23,775
13,064
10,610
6.318
5,183
5,878
0,622
5,48.^)
2,or.i
1,71<»
128
6,682
5,562
3,768
2«020
3,403
6,810
4,022
2,017
020
184
7
382
1,360
1,353
1,150
1.162
2.080
1.050
408
142
130
4,606
4
207
064
T37
504
573
038
305
138
46
4,568
4
207
064
783
600
671
081
887
135
46
28
12,001
30
872
2,236
1,767
1,625
1,760
2,637
1,300
1,004
8
127
624
367
'244
182
258
69
21
4,033
7
287
865
617
476
513
718
341
162
48
3,420
6
240
676
616
882
456
618
320
152
47
613
47
188
102
83
68
100
21
10
1
2
75
130
lao
146
256
162
83
780
I Withoat
Personal, gainful
service, occupa-
I tion.
14,885
05
1,373
2,145
1.844
1,824
1,783
2,876
1,713
870
362
10,162
1
28
68
107
120 ;
220
143 !
70 ;
715
1
61
88
88
100
175
105
68
27
606
10
46
66
77
144
87
46
24
207
48
064
1,51^
1,378
1,355
1,244
1,921
1.058
463
213
4,723
47
408
627
t4i6
630
055
655
407
149
4,209
34
584
400
461
704
67
21
628
401
383
585
201
lU
48
686
13
132
144
74
58
68
100
67
21
0
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
461
Table XXV. — Chrand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race — Continned.
PBOVTNCB OP SANTIAQO-Continued.
TotaL
Agricol-
ture,
fisheries.
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factnr-
ingand
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
ser^oe.
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
T'otal foreiim white
13.313
4.302
3,813
1,000
219
2,210
2,148
Under lOyears
318
271
550
1,477
2,189
1,960
3,485
1.975
753
326
1
17
50
266
461
386
622
300
84
16
817
lOtoUyears
15 to IQyears
24
93
455
790
724
1.273
676
262
105
23
210
471
614
446
876
622
191
65
2
28
66
172
173
836
177
61
14
206
4
21
84
85
50
47
14
5
167
20 to24 vears
206
25 to 29 years
218
30 to 34 vears.... --..-.
107
35 to 44 years
820
45 to5l vears -
244
55 to64y€)ar8
151
65 vears and over
121
Foreign white males
11,446
4,379
8,298
096
207
2,134
433
Under lOyears.... ........
158
146
397
1,259
1,948
1.749
3.160
1,762
626
241
1
18
64
246
448
876
607
200
80
16
167
10 to 14 vears.-..--..--..-.
24
03
466
789
721
1,267
674
251
106
23
210
468
510
444
860
521
180
64
2
20
63
167
160
828
172
60
14
84
15 to 19 years...
20to24 vears
4
19
80
83
66
46
14
6
16
8
25 to 29 vears
*o
30to34'vears
6
35 to 44 years. ....
38
46 to 54 years.--.
65 to 64 years
60
82
66 years and over
38
Foreign white females
1.867
13
20
31
12
76
1.716
Under 10 years
160
125
162
218
241
211
325
213
127
160
10 to 14 years
4
6
10
18
0
16
10
4
1
121
15 to 19 years
6
3
5
4
7
6
1
161
20 to 24 years
3
4
2
7
1
2
1
2
4
2
8
1
200
25 to 29 years
1
3
6
2
1
200
30 to 34 vears . . i...
101
35 to 44 vears
287
45 to 54 years. ..,
104
65 to 64 years
110
66 years and over. .-.
85
83
Totalcolored
146,605
28,883
1,356
0,836
04
8,466
07.970
Under 10 years...........
40.078
22.986
16,. 163
10.836
9.227
9,541
16.355
10,724
6,367
4,128
53
3.681
4,442
3,131
2,390
2.644
5,066
3.746
2,279
1,453
8
72
196
164
164
166
306
• 180
98
39
26
710
1,060
1,441
1,222
1,266
1,742
861
424
186
60
772
1.260
066
008
047
1,660
1,066
654
289
30,986
10 to l4 years
1
10
10
16
U
22
10
11
3
17,750
15 to 10 y*'ars
8.496
20 to 24 vears
6,115
25 to 29 vears
4.542
30 to 34 vears
4,518
35 to 44 y«"ar8
7.671
45to54 years
56to64yfars
4,882
2,901
65 years and over.
2,159
Colored malen .
70.107
27,824
1.274
8,576
74
. 4.605
27,854
Under 10 years ,
10 to 14 years
20,184
11,722
7,363
5,085
4.072
4.348
7,512
5,027
2,977
1,867
60
3.609
4,336
3.038
2,317
2.642
4,832
3,645
2,157
1,404
3
72
195
152
149
147
289
151
84
32
25
630
1,540
1,180
1,066
1.136
1,501
808
414
in
26
490
772
608
611
485
710
468
272
150
20,080
1
6
4
U
10
20
10
10
3
6.917
15 to 19 vears
515
20 to 24 vears
49
25 to 29 y earn
18
30 to 34 vrars
28
35 to 44 years
61
45 to 54 vears . . .
45
55 to 64 years
40
66 years and over.
101
Holored f emal'»'< ....
76,498
1,060
82
1,260
20
3,961
70,116
Under 10 years .-...-..
19,894
11,264
9,000
3
78
lOA
• 1
80
429
262
156
130
151
43
10
8
34
273
478
382
392
462
831
19,856
10 to 14 vears
i
2
6
8
16
29
14
10,833
15 to 19 years
5
6
5
1
2
7,961
20to24year8
5,801 ; 93
5,155 73
5, 1«} 102
KH4ii 233
6,097 1 200
3, 39(1 1 122
2,:^1 . 49
1
6,066
25to29yeai*fl
4,624
30 to 34 years
4.490
35to44 years
7.610
46 to54 years
56 to 64 years
588 4i837
1
382 2,861
65 years and over
130 2. (£8
Digitized by VjOOQIC
452 REPORT ON THE 0ENBU8 OP CUBA, 18»9.
Tablb XXV.— Orand groups of occupations by age^ sex, and race — Contmned.
CITY OP GIENFUEOOS.
Total
Under 10 years . . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
ao to 2i years....
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Total males
Under 10 years . . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years . . ..
JBO to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Total females
Under 10 years ...
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
.65 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total native white . . .
Under 10 years —
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
• 20to24 years
25 to 20 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over.
Native white males . .
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
30 to 84 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Native white females
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15tol9year8
20 to 24 years
26 to 20 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to&4 years
55 to 64 years
- 65 years and over.
TotaL
Aflrrlonl-
tnre,
fisheries,
and
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factnr-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tionT
80,088
901
8.085
8.»1
294
4.004
18.658
6,688
2
28
6,506
8,802
47
91
168
241
£360
8,296
91
877
626
12
488
1.801
8,066
08
568
621
61
479
1.854
2,684
97
499
899
44
582
1.113
2.878
120
406
801
51
482
an
8,847
176
600
671
70
809
hm
2,860
ISO
847
841
34
542
966
1286
91
142
146
20
282
694
708
51
61
68
12
111
420
14,689
881
8,088
2.880
220
2,510
6,061
8,198
2
18
8,188
1,888
1.415
47
91
88
376
154
441
181
816
140
6
*1»
1,6QS
06
660
466
26
841
88
1,842
96
484
848
88
882
14
1,214
119
899
810
41
207
18
1,968
172
597
618
50
477
40
1,178
128
841
817
25
328
89
006
91
140
139
18
182
33
296
51
51
61
12
68
58
15,449
10
27
862
74
1,484
13,498
8,840
15
3.325
2.009
9
HO
1.887
1,880
86
6
172
1.616
1,654
2
66
25
188
1,321
1,842
1
66
U
170
1,089
1,160
1
61
10
186
908
1,884
4
68
U
832
1.481
1,187
2
24
9
219
927
682
7
2
110
661
412
2
..^... V...
48
8S7
16,786
884
1,260
1,488
175
1,088
11.480
4,167
2; 890
*
10
4,147
29
68
72
90
2.186
1,920
46
241
258
10
172
1183
1,666
48
248
288
86
173
860
1,227
83
187
185
28
169
636
1,044
46
166
160
81
123
638
1,712
68
196
806
48
184
681
928
39
102
144
14
81
548
502
24
48
66
8
84
822
262
15
24
25
5
12
181
7,045
334
1,262
1,287
ISO
886
8.206
2,011
7
2.004
1,160
792
29
46
63
240
68
215
60
146
WO
6
140
702
49
241
212
19
166
25
549
83
186
167
22
188
9
472
46
156
185
25
98
12
717
53
195
275
87
180
27
371
39
100
182
10
09
21
177
24
48
69
7
27
12
95
15
24
24
5
U
16
8,690
8
151
45
202
8,284
2,146
3
2,143
1.231
1,128
4
43
81
26
1.196
1
5
1,063
891
678
672
995
657
325
167
2
2
21
18
15
80
12
7
1
17
6
6
6
4
1
17
26
25
54
12
7
1
831
ifiM
526
1
2
901
627
810
166
—
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
453
Table XXV. — Orand groups of occupations by age, sex, and raxie — ContinaecL
CITY OP CIENFUEGK>8— Continued.
Total.
Agricnl-
ture,^
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta^
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Total f oreiim white
8,486
178
1,677
406
91
607
627
Under 10 years
70
169
469
616
6QS
860
1
16
106
275
286
222
863
218
68
23
58
Rl
10 to U years
2
5
18
21
82
49
86
9
6
1
6
38
46
70
121
76
36
11
1
16 to 19 years
2
11
12
14
23
14
9
6
19 31
20 to 24 years
56 61
26 to 29 years
89 61
80 to 84 years .... .
108 A1
86 to 44 years
174
111
40
14
120
46 to 64 years .. ..
640
217
104
85
66 to 64 years
66
66 years and over
Foreign white males
44
2,900
177
1,662
393
76
574
119
Under 10 years
86
41
138
890
446
429
716
466
176
74
.
1
13
106
274
283
219
361
214
68
23
84
10 to 14 years
2
6
17
21
32
49
86
9
6
1
6
37
43
09
116
74
86
11
1
18
52
88
96
164
106
39
12
24
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1
6
11
12
19
12
8
6
8
4
26 io 29 years
1
80 to 34 years
1
86 to 44 years
7
46 to 64 years
18
56 to64 years
16
66 years' and over
16
Fbreign white females
685
1
16
12
16
88
508
Under 10 years
24
29
80
69
70
73
134
86
41
30
y
24
lOtoUyears
27
16 to 19 years
1
5
1
2
4
2
1
10
2
£8
20 to 24 years
1
1
8
8
2
4
1
3
1
5
2
67
26 to 20 years
00
80 to 84 years
60
86 to 44 years
113
46 to 64 years
72
56 to 64 years
89
66 years and oTer
28
Total fioloTf^d
10,818 389
228
1,378
28
2,359
6,436
Under 10 years
2.322
1,432
1,206
1,004
942
827
1,285
892
566
842
1
13
30
35
26
25
41
27
26
i
18
150
297
260
284
256
461
860
218
85
2. 308
10 to 14 years
16
40
31
43
42
74
56
58
80
90
262
260
168
171
245
121
44
27
1,163
16 to 19 years
677
20 to 24 years
4
4
6
4
6
3
1
434
26 to 29 years
417
80 to 84 years
86 to 44 years
827
470
46 to 64 years...
833
66to64years
66 years and over
217
106
Colored males ,
4.644
380
224
1,189
15
1,100
1,736
Under 10 years
1,162
683
484
410
348
813
630
847
260
127
1
12
80
35
26
24
41
27
24
4
6
71
162
138
143
108
183
148
116
45
1,146
10 to 14 years
16
40
80
42
41
70
•58
58
30
86
220
207
133
136
227
111
44
26
499
16tol9 years
42
20to24 years
26 to 29 years
i
80to84 years
36 to 44 years
4
3
3
3
1
46to64 years
56to64 years
21
Colored females
6,174
9
4
189
13
1,250
4,700
Under 10 years
. 1,170
749
722
694
604
514
766
545
316
215
12
79
145
117
141
153
268
202
102
40
1,158
10 to 14 years
1
5
42
43
35
35
18
10
664
16 to 19 years
636
20 to 24 years
1
1
1
4
2
8
4
2
1
3
ttO
26 to 29 years
418
a0to84 years
1
822
86 to 44 years
464
46 to64 years
8S8
66 to 64 years
2
212
66 yean and oyer
1
174
Digitized by VjOOQIC
454
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXV. — Orand groups of occupations by age, sftr, and race — Continaed.
CITY OP HABANA.
Total.
Agrtcul
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur
ingand
mechan-
ical in-
dustjries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Without
Personal! gahiful
service, occupa-
tion.
Total
285,061
716
31,361
31,013
3,666
40.866 1 127.081
Cinder lOy^uv
42,111
23,906
25,310
27,500
26,357
21.982
82,354
•10,414
11.066
6,783
2
11
87
78
113
85
163
107
70
49
14
713
8,766
6,850
6,175
4,227
6,283
3,273
1,521
520
4,827
6,106
6,216
4,207
6,001
3.096
1,540
481
1
11
104
862
647
574
000
645
208
158
187 , 41.885
lOtoUyears
2,004 > 19.588
16 to 10 years
4,524 12,061
20 to ^ yean
5.589 10.606
26to20year8
80 to 84 years
5,943 ! 9,364
6.200 7,600
85 to 44 years
7,649 11,406
45 to 64 years
5,046 7,308
65 tod4 years
2,896 , 4,746
65 years and over
1,330 1 3,245
Total malf^
123,258
708
31,135
28,187
3,091
26,704 33,348
TTnder 10 years
20,726
U.TOO
12,450
15,164
15,025
12.418
17,852
10,224
6,384
2,315
1
11
87
77
113
85
162
106
* 13
707
3,738
6,816
6.140
4,204
6.241
3,252
1,508
617
17
1
02 1 20,602
10 to 14 years
1,400, 8
4,004, 68
4,383 260
1,102 8,472
16 to 19 years
2,011 1.602
ao to 24 years
4,075
4,348
8,620
4,958
3,162
1,799
727
564
25 to 20 years
80 to 84 years
4,677
3.793
5,206
2,762
1,402
453
435
500
825
585
258
142
312
207
86 to 44 years
870
46to64vears
357
66 to 64 years
348
66 years and over
434
Total females.
112,723
12
216
3,726
664
13,672
94,633
Under 10 years
21,385
12,286
12.860
12,435
11,832
0,564
14,502
0,100
6,682
8.468
1
1
6
28
44
35
23
42
21
13
8
6
170
823
T22
638
414
605
274
138
28
96
992
1,618
1,614
1.686
1,689
2.501
1.888
1,007
008
21.283
10 to 14 years
3
36
102
112
65
135
00
35
16
11.116
15 to 10 years
10,368
20 to 24 years
1
10.053
25 to 20 years
9,052
80 to 34 years
7,473
86 to 44 years .............
1
1
1
7
11.12B
46 to 64 years
6,951
66 to 64 years
4.3ilB
66 years and over
2,811
Total native white
116.532
294
7,981
13,135
2.366
8,972
82,834
Under 10 years
28,733
15,338
14,170
12.404
10,684
8,678
12,483
6.038
3.010
2,007
2
0
10
26
86
33
66
40
87
27
9
373
1,368
1,364
1,129
978
1,475
732
861
142
6
806
2,496
2.201
2.067
1.674
2,146
1,026
464
159
1
6
77
262
866
870
640
400
161
06
17
628
1.528
1.620
1.433
1,130
1.435
706
326
134
28,696
lOtoMyears
13,515
16 to 10 years
8,682
20 to 24 years .............
6S85
26 to 20 years
6,665
80 to 34 years
4,484
36 to 44 years
6.721
45 to 64 years
4,084
55 to 64 years
2,570
65 years and over
1.640
Native whit^ malei? .
52,040
282
7.846
11,008
2.001
7,832
22.972
Under 10 years
14.310
7,402
6,268
6,531
4,900
4,046
6,645
2.868
1.407
663
1
0
10
26
85
33
66
40
37
26
8
370
1.350
1.335
1,116
975
1,461
728
361
141
4
741
2.184
2,054
1.944
l..%9
1,979
948
431
154
1
3
45
184
270
882
661
864
145
87
12
449
1,314
1.471
1,311
1,022
1,254
618
273
108
14,284
10 to 14 years
5.830
15 to 10 years
1.366
20 to 24 years ..
461
26 to 20 years
215
80 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
125
224
45 to 54 years
170
66 to 64 years
160
66 years and over
147
Native white females
62,502
2
86
1,137
365
1.140
50,862
Under 10 years
14.423
7,934
7,902
6,963
6.784
4,632
6,938
4.070
2,512
1,434
1
1
8
18
20
13
3
14
4
2
65
312
237
123
115
167
78
88
5
5
179
214
155
122
117
181
88
68
26
14,414
10 to 14 years
2
32
78
76
88
70
86
16
8
7.685
15 to 10 years
7.326
20 to 24 years
6,464
25 to 29 years
5,4a0
80 to 34 years
4,3d0
35 to 44 years
6,497
46 to 64 years
8 8o4
56 to64 years
2! 410
66 years and over
1
1
i;du8
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
455
Table XXV. — Grand groups of occupations by age^ sex, and race — Continued.
CITY OP HABAN A— Continued.
Total foreign white . . .
Under 10 years
10 to U years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
(16 years and over..
Foreign white males . .
Under 10 years . . . .
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 tt) 20 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years ..
46 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over. .
Foreign white females
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years . .
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over. .
Total colored
Under 10 years —
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25to20year8
80 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years.......
56 to 64 years
65 years and over .
Colored males
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
86 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to64 years ..
65 years and over. .
Colored females
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 10 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
66 years and over. .
Total.
52,901
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trauH-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
274
21,412
7,512
1,074
10,702
11,837
1,278
2
1
4
1 271
1,054
8,689
260
2,179
70
483
2
12
66
479
647
9
577
8,051
35
4,209
097
78
1,631
1,101
8,770
60
3,770
1,44«»
156
1,080
1.374
7,463
33
2,W2
1,190
178
1,782
1.288
11,264
66
4,443
1,829
267
2,515
2,144
6.454
46
2,278
966
200
1,304
1,501
3,328
22
969
474
116
683
1,050
1,555
13
301
142
56
258
785
41,190
272
21,304
7,200
891
0,620
1,804
613
656
3.118
2
267
2,160
1
66
409
2
52
428
608
1
9
270
9
04
6,791
35
4,195
968
50
1,486
48
7,192
50
3,752
1,412
124
1,781
78
5,973
83
2,97r,
1,163
• 152
1,502
57
8,a54
66
4,418
1,783
214
2,246
128
4,788
46
2,266
902
186
1,226
162
2.285
22
960
449
08
504
162
921
11
300
137-
48
223
202
11,711
2
108
222
183
1,163
10,083
665
398
571
1,260
1,578
2
14
51
145
100
663
2
10
14
18
4
24
29
28
1
8
10
82
■ 877
483
1.053
1,801
1,491
17
27
26
190
1,231
2,410
25
46
58
270
2,016
1.666
12
34
28
168
1,429
1,038
634
9
1
25
5
18
8
80
35
897
2
583
67.548
147
2,008
11,266
215
20,602
33.310
12,100
7,606
3
71
15
703
166
1.400
11.916
2
4
5,426
7,460
9
219
1,808
15
2,517
2,802
7,054
17
286
1,817
• 22
2,382
2,580
6,903
28
276
1,708
36
2.580
2.325
5,841
19
257
1,343
26
2,288
1,008
8,607
31
365
1.928
53
8,600
2.683
6,022
21
263
1,074
36
2.045
1,683
8.824
11
191
602
16
1,887
1,117
2,131
9
77
180
7
938
920
~ 29' 128^
139
1,986
8,899
100
9,333
8,6?2
5,808
3
12
78
5,710
8,642
3
70
508
4
601
2,372
3,064
9
219
1,411
14
1,160
242
2,842
16
285
1,861
17
1,118
45
2,933
28
272
1,321
82
1,256
24
2,400
19
254
1,071
^
1,006
25
8,543
30
362
1,534
1,450
18
2,568
20
258
912
85
1,818
25
1,692
10
187
522
16
032
26
731
5
76
162
7
896
85
38,420
8
22
2,367
16
11,260
24,738
6,297
3,964
4,396
3
110
487
88
799
1,348
6,206
i
8,054
1
2,660
4,212
1
i
456
5
1,214
2,535
8,070
4
887
4
1,274
2,301
8.441
6,154
3
8
272
802
1
3
1,282
2,140
1,883
1
2,615
8,544
1
• .5
1 162
1
1,627
1,658
•2.132
1
*- ♦
* 80
1
955
1,001
1 400
i
1
18
542
885
Digitized by VjOOQIC
456
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XXV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race — Continned.
CITY OP MATANZA8.
1
Total.
ArHcuI-
tnre,
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
^on.
8.888
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
I
^l^ iPersonal
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Total
86.87^
1.828
4,126 428 1 4.606
22,064
Under 10 years
7,328
4,876
4,187
8,751
8,874
2,679
4,384
2.906
1,759
1.128
4
126
422
624
449
871
681
400
247
106
2
216
692
661
547
449
786
444
222
106
1 1 83
7_2B8
10 to 14 years
84
281
251
235
212
301
214
140
105
5 ' 807 ' i,V»
15 to 19 years ..x
22 ! 660 . 2,230
ao to 24 years
43 565 1.«S7
25 to 29 years
66
67
102
65
46
20
665 1.493
30 to 34 years
613 ' 1,077
"85 to 44 years
847 1,687
45 to 54 years
007 1,160
56to04 years
879 7^
6ft years and over
802 ' 680
Total mal44 , . r . ^ . . . ^
16,926
1,806
3.304
8,217
883
2.U0B
6,264
Under 10 years
8.642
2,343
1,787
1,671
1,470
1,243
2,103
1.332
867
468
4
126
417
ftSI
1
168
460
491
411
361
376
204
89
1
4
18
86
48
46
89
66
88
17
14
127
248
810
277
216
896
222
180
78
8,628
10 to 14 years ........
83
281
251
1,846
15 to 19 years
864
20 to 24 years
72
26to29vears ...... -. .
235 i 447
2U ! 870
296 673
211 , 406
137 246
100 1 96
57
30 to 34 years 1 ,
89
35 to 44 years
58
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
61
6S
65 years and over......
89
Total femalee.
19,448
18
34
908
93
2,006
15,790
Under 10 years
8,686
2,533
2,400
2.080
1,004
1.436
2,281
1,576
1
58
228
170
136
88
120
68
18
17
19
180
807
275
806
297
611
886
199
124
8,666
10 to 14 years
1
1
9
17
22
11
18
9
8
3
2,Se
15 to 19 years
6
3
2
1
8
3
1
11
1.8S6
20 to 24 years
1,615
26 to 20 years
1.436
80 to 34 years
1
5
3
1,08B
S5to44 years • -.
1,615
45 to54 years
1,108
65to64year8
892 I 8
660 I 5
663
65 years and over ,...
GOO
Total native white
20,9:«
857
1,562
1,979
291
1.20O
15,042
Under 10 years ...........
4,833
8.279
. 2,ra8
2,242
1.869
1,399
2,240
1,806
067
368
4
98
296
298
212
166
277
186
57
18
2
106
824
838
286
217
401.
196
88
40
4
HI
202
flTK
4,813
10 to 14 years
62
185
144
. 127
104
115
70
85
15
2
19
80
2,898
15 to 19 years
1.712
20 to 24 years
i,m
25 to 20 years
40 175
87 1 1JV7
1.060
30to84year8
738
85 to 44 years
70
60
81
12
804
101
46
16
um
45 to 54 years
m
55 to 64 years
410
65 years and over
868
Native white males
9,219
857
1.553
1,556
216
875
4,162
Under 10 years
2,488
1,567
1,124
920
728
595
960
518
280
114
4
98
293
296
212
165
275
186
57
18
1
72
229
256
803
178
834
170
81
82
2
65
188
166
184
96
148
74
87
14
8.431
10 to 14 years
62
185
144
127
104
115
70
85
15
1
10
14
28
80
61
42
25
10
1.2»
15 to 19 years
15
20 to 24 years
46
25to29years.
84
80 to 34 years ..-.
20
35 to 44 years
27
45 to 54 years
26
65 to 64 years
25
65 years and over
25
Native white females
11,712
9
428
76
826
10,880
Under 10 years
2,886
1,712
1.614
1,322
1,146
mi
1.280
788
407
254
1
86
96
82
62
30
67
26
7
8
2
46
64
40
41
89
66
27
2,382
10 to 14 years
1
9
16
17
7
9
8
l,&
15 to 19 years
8
3
1,448
20 to 24 years
1.181
26 to 20 years
1.080
80to84 years
.
i
2
718
35 to 44 years
1,146
46 to 54 years
727
65 to 64 years
6 9
2 ' 1
885
66 years and over
t
243
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
457
Table XXV.— G'mnd groups of occupations by age, sex, and race.— CJontmued.
CITY OP MATANZAS-Continned.
•
Total.
Agricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
Uon.
Total foreign white
8.644
226
1,422
877
110
483
1,027
Under lOyeara
02
47
156
438
469
411
769
587
435
246
1
2
1
10
21
16
28
12
12
8
01
10 to 14 years
9
85
193
3
10
84
72
67
06
70
53
19
83
15 to 19 years
4.
14
26
29
66
48
83
20
4
d7
43
86
04
9) to 24 years
26 to 29 years
19S . 58
174 , 46
'.&o I 06
<S>:J 71
13a , 40
M 17
91) to 34 years
81
85 to 44 yean
130
4&to54years
160
56 to d4 years
164
66 years and over
128
P<M«ign white males
2,696
225
1,415 I i*^
04
412
184
Under 10 years ...........
51
24
116
860
875
820
618
419
284
138
1
2
1
10
16
50
10 to 14 years
0
84
103
106
174
362
221
. 183
53
3
10
77
10
16 to 19 years
4
14
28-
48
33
20
4
43
. 58
43
01
70
80
17
4
20 to 24 years
13
26 to 29 years
13
80 to 84 years
12 Rfi
10
86 to 44 years
24
11
10
7
90
55
46
14
15
46 to 54 years
10
66tod4 years
28
65 years and oyer
27
Foreign white females
949
7
12
Itt
71
843
Under 10 years
41
23
40
83
94
01
151
168
151
107
41
10 to 14 years
23
16 to 19 years
1
89
20 to 24 years
4
7
6
15
16
15
7
5
72
26 to 29 years.. ^
2
5
3
4
1
2
1
81
80 to 84 years
2
4
1
1
71
86 to 44 years
3
1
124
45 to 64 years
150
66 to 64 years
141
66 years and oyer
ini
•
Total colored..!
11,799
741
354
1,760
25
2,025
5,985
Under 10 years
2,413
1,560
1,293
1,076
1,036
860
1,375
1,015
657
515
29
108
820
206
838
80O
547
436
280
168
2 384
10 to 14 years
22
92
•93
82
70
180
101
72
70
18
41
83
30
81
40
51
•67
35
108
864
276
224
187
200
177
04
49
1
2
3
4
5
4
8
3
1,208
465
16tol9years
20 to 24 years
876
26to29years
349
80 to 34 years
258
86 to 44 years
355
46 to 54 years
247
66 to 64 years
151
66 years and over
193
OoloT^ maleft
5,012
723
336
1,206
23
716
1,918
Under 10 years
1,153
752
547
401
872
328
525
395
383
216
12
.50
86
08
77
66
108
98
07
60
1,141
567
10 to 14 years
21
92
08
82
78
126
98
69
66
18
40
83
80
81
46
40
56
24
86
236
102
150
140
232
136
84
40
i
2
2
4
4
4
3
8
i6toi9years
91
20 to 24 years'
13
26 to 29 years
20
80 to 34 years
9
86 to 44 years
10
46 to 54 years
16
55 to 64 years
14
66 years and over
RT
Onini-Ad female , .
6,787
18
18
473
2
2,209 1 4,067
Under 10 years
1,260
708
746
675
664
641
850
630
334
209
17 1 2ia
10 to 14 years
1
22
128
84
74
47
58
41
10
0
134
243
238
281
243
641
16 to 19 years
1
....---
874
20 to 24 years
1
862
25 to 29 years
830
80 to 84 years
1
6
8
8
5
1
9AQ
86to44year8
3
2
1
11
430 1 845
46 to 64 years
343 • 231
56 to 64 years
183 137
66 years and oyer
118 I 156
Digitized by VjOOQIC
458
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
T.vbLE XXV. — ( frand groups of oceupations by aye, «cj\ and race— Continued,
CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
-
Total.
Affricul-
ture,
fisheries,
and
mining^.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
service.
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Total
25,102
689
1,415
2,22:&
233
1
8 879 • iA MA
^^^^
Under 10 years
5>72
3.219
2,648
2.(105
1,628
1,838
3,079
2,383
1.530
1,021
1
40
208
196
122
174
821
209
93
52
1
109
370
814
263
234
an
296
188
76
10
847
665
444
378
444
728
484
818
228
5.860
10 to 14 years
16 to 19 years
12
76
65
63
65
142
. 115
92
68
1
8
24
27
86
64
87
22
14
2,810
1,401
963
20 to 24 years
26to2»years
30 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
66 to 64 years
782
886
1.453
1.118
816
65 years and over
581
Total males
10,912
683
1,371
1,874
188
2.317
4,478
Under 10 years
2,033
1.615
1,038
847
. 667
1
88
204
194
120
168
313
194
88
60
1
96
• 285
867
221
194
801
267
170
72
4
162
865
286
. 235
800
416
270
175
145
2.927
10 to 14 years .. ..
10
74
63
1
4
17
16
27
67
86
18
18
1,207
96
16 to 19 years
S0to24 years
21
25 to 29 years
22
aoto34years
740 1 65
1,276 142
26
35 to 44 years
47
45 to 54 years
902
591
403
115
. 92
68
31
66 to 64 years
47
65 years and over
54
Total females
14.190
6
44
348
44
1,508
12,186
Under 10 years
2,989
1,704
1,610
1,158
6
86
220
168
144
184
818
284
144
84
2.983
10 to 14 years
2
2
2
1
4
1
2
6
8
15
•5
2
18
76
47
42
40
70
88
18
4
1.608
16 to 19 years
4
il
8
7
2
3
1
1.306
942
20 to 24 years
26to20years
959
760
30 to 84 years
1,099
1,803
1,361
039
618
860
86 to 44 years
1.406
1,081
769
46 to 54 years
65to64years
65 years and over
627
Total native white
16,605
463
888
968
W
* 1,832
i2.185
Under 10 years
4,281
2,344
1,840
1,233
931
1,178
1,974
1.337
890
497
I
48
178
181
101
102
192
110
72
82
6
168
878
811
162
221
841
200
104
52
4,275
10 to 14 years
io
57
46
89
47
106
70
56
81
87
162
119
62
109
211
111
69
19
8,065
708
15 to 19 years
%to 24 years
5
18
17
80
48
24
15
10
25 to 20 years
660
30to34 years
35 to 44 years
669
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years
685
65 years and over
853
Native white males
6,764
458
862
768
181
1.801
8.243
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
2,119
1,080
713
464
838
432
764
434
272
148
1
42
188
108
85
81
144
88
58
28
1
118
288
165
123
167
281
118
64
40
2.117
876
8
66
45
89
47
108
70
65
81
86
158
118
61
106
205
104
55
19
15 to 19 years
2
11
12
21
41
22
13
8
82
20 to 24 years
17
26 to 28 years
18
30 to 34 years
80
85 to 44 years
85
46 to 54 years
80
56 to 64 years
65 years and over
87
81
Nativp white females
9,741
5
27
200
86
631
8.842
Under 10 years
2,162
1,264
1,127
• 769
S9J
746
1,210
908
618
349
4
46
90
46
88
64
UO
81
40
18
2.158
10 to 14 years
2
2
1
1
4
1
I
6
7
4
7
46
23
16
21.
48
21
14
4
1,208
15 to 19 years
8
7
5
8
7
2
2
1
988
20 to 24 years
681
25 to29 3'ear8
^
30 to 34 years
649
85 to 44 years
i.oS
792
46 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
668
65 years and over
^
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OOOUPATIONS.
459
Table XXV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race — Continued.
CITY OP PUERTO PRINCIPE-Continued.
•
Totel.
Agricul-
ture,
Bsheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Manu-
factur-
ing and
mechan-
ical in-
dustries.
Profes-
sional
seryice.
1
Personal
seryice.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Total foreign white
1.283
72
426
115
40
876
254
Under 10 Tears ...
39
81
61
167
174
182
266
217
130
76
39
lU to 14 years
3
89
72
87
76
24
18
1
4
40
61
45
98
72
89
16
27
15 to 19 years
2
6
5
6
13
28
U
7
1
11
8Si
11
26
20
9
6
2
3
8
2
I
5
3
14
20 to 24 years
26
25 to 29 years
13
80 to 34 years
15
a6to44vears
84
45 to 54 years
17
56to64 years
42
27
foreign white males
1,0B4
72
425
112
34
362
89
Under 10 years . - .
23
16
46
128
168
122
237
196
100
68
23
•10 to 14 years
8
88
72
66
68
87
76
24
17
13
15 to 19 years
2
5
6
6
18
28
11
7
1
U
82
11
25
18
9
5
1
8
4
2
8
9
4
8
1
86
60
45
98
70
88
16
8
20 to 24 years
2
25 to 29 years
2
30 to 34 years ...-.
6
85 to 44 years
U
45 to 54 vears
65 to64 years
65 years and oyer
19
11
Foreign white females
199
1
8
6
24
165
Under 10 years . ..
16
15
15
29
16
10
29
21
30
18
16
10 to 14 years
1
8
6
1
14
15 to 19 years
1
11
20to 24 years
25 to 29 years
24
4
11
30to34 years
10
35 to 44 years
1
2
5
2
6
1
28
45to54years
i"
..........
17
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
23
1
16
Total colored
7,314
154
100
1,138
26
1,671
4,225
Under 10 years -.—..
1.662
?JJ
615
621
629
839
709
610
448
1
5
83
208
196
156
178
289
222
176
161
1,546
10 to 14 years
2
17
14
9
12
21
22
26
31
60
190
172
180
121
153
166
107
89
1
1
8
2
4
8
4
2
1
698
15tol9year8
8
4
5
12
28
22
10
15
828
20 to 24 years
229
25 to 20 years
219
30to34years
202
35 to 44 years
845
45 to 54 years
273
65 to 64 years
189
66 years and oyer
201
Colored males
3,064
.163
84
993
24
664
1.146
Under 10 years
791
419
279
265
171
186
276
272
219
197
1
64*
161
148
104
102
132
160
108
39
" r
1
8
3
44
81
86
52
68
92
81
78
90
787
10 to 14 years
2
17
13
9
12
21
22
26
81
318
15 to 19 years
8
4
4
9
21
14
9
14
.11
20 to 24 years
2
25 to 29 years.
2
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
4
8
4
2
1
i
45 to 54 years
1
65 to 64 years
1
65 years and oyer
22
Colored females . .
4,260
1
16
145
2
1,007
3,079
Under 10 years
761
425
468
360
360
343
564
437
291
261
• 2
89
127
108
104
120
197
141
98
71
769
10 to'U years.. -ir."y.. Il-
6
29
24
26
19
21
16
4
880
ls to 19 years. .
812
20 to 24 years
1
227
25 to 29 years .
1
8
2
8
1
1
2
217
SO to 34 years
201
85 to 44 years ...
844
45 to 54 years
S72
65to64years
188
65 years and oyer ...
179
Digitized by VjOOQIC
460 REPOBT ON THE OENSUS OF CUBA, 18W.
Table XXV.—0,rand groups of occupations by age, «ca?, and roce— Continiied.
CITY OP 8ANTIAOO.
Total.
Under to years....
10 to U years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and oyer.
Total males.
Under 10 years... .
10 to 14 years
15tol0years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over. .
Total females.
Under 10 years ... ,
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20to24years
26 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over :
Total native white .
Under 10 years....
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 years
80 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
66 to 64 years ... .
65 years and over.
Native white males..
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
80 to 84 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years ,
55 to 64 years
65 years and over . .
Native white females.
Under 10 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
85 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over.-,
lAsricnl-
I ture.
Total, fisheries,
and
minins^.
48,090
8.612
6,028
6.071
8,815
8,604
8.707
5,862
8,500
1,832
969
19.922
4,266
2.879
2,210
1,760
1,727
1,778
2.748
1.609
683
817
23,168
4.866
8,149
2,861
2.066
1.877
1.929
3.119
2,021
1.149
15.258
3.666
2,281
1,887
1.324
1,095
1.145
1,869
1,128
567
806
6.702
1.868
1,099
808
570
443
461
788
400
184
8,556
1,788
1,182
1,079
754
662
684
1,066
728
383
220
1,419
160
151
141
166
804
228
100
76
1,890
1
80
166
151
140
160
298
223
106
73
29
400
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factur*
inflrand
mechan-
ical in-
dnstries.
8,063
1
86
474
449
899
896
678
866
160
66
2,979
1
86
478
442
886
887
667
837
162
62
84
1,318
1
69
278
219
186
150
271
124
46
20
* 1,304
1.
60
278
217
185
169
268
m
46
20
6,881
6
449
1,401
921
811
862
1,120
546
2tt
64
4,980
6
869
966
668
619
712
942
601
188
60
1,401
90
466
268
192
160
178
44
14
4
86
299
196
176
in
280
92
86
11
166
119
109
122
167
82
81
11
487
134
76
67
49
68
10
6
Profes-
sional
service.
429
43
62
61
49
106
67
36
15
317
112
818
217
96
service.
Withont
gainfTil
occapa-
tioo.
5.449
87
289
618
667
721
733
1,144
736
876
128
3,299
17
163
881
451
611
458
689
401
157
61
2,160
20
126
287
216
210
275
445
836
219
67
946
4
49
156
168
186
126
187
94
26
12
817
8
88
137
141
121
107
156
83
129
Digitized by VjOOQIC
O00UPATI0N8.
461
Table XXV, —Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race—Continued.
CITY OP SANTIAGO-Continued.
TotaL
Agricnl-
tnre,
flsheries,
and
mining.
Trade
and
trans-
porta-
tion.
Mann-
factur-
ingand
mechan-
ical in-
dnstriee.
Profes-
sional
service.
Personal
service.
Without
gainful
occupa-
tion.
Total foreign white
8,440
282
1,210
276
68
018
736
TTnil Ar 10 veam
168
88
216
408
572
404
821
461
151
71
168
10 to 14 years
10
100
180
201
160
286
162
61
20
7
27
00
100
156
262
138
83
6
71
15 to 10 years
5
10
83
48
60
41
12
5
18
25
66
40
T6
47
12
1
3
10
15
10
18
U
8
8
50
SOto^years
70
85to29y©ar8 -»,rr.
77
80 to 34 years
62
85 to 44 years
106
46 to 54 years
62
65 to 64 years
80
65 years and over - -r - .
36
Poreign white males - -
2,706
232
1,106
254
63
882
100
TTnder 10 vears ......
84
«B
158
825
470
428
706
406
125
50
84
10 to 14 rears
10
100
177
100
167
• 202
161
61
10
6
24
06
180
150
253
136
81
6
27
15 to 10 Tears
33
48
60
41
12
5
8
22
68
46
60
44
ll
1
8
0
12
10
12
11
3
3
4
20to24 years -.-.
2
25 to 20 years
2
80 to 84 years , .-.-
2
85 to 44 years
10
45to54years
15
65 to 64 years
7
65 years and over
16
Foreign white females
645
15
22
5
36
567
Under 10 years
70
45
68
78
08
71
116
58
26
21
70
10 to 14 years
J
6
0
2
2
44
15 to 10 vears
5
8
8
8
4
8
1
55
80 to 24 years
8
2
2
6
1
1
8
68
25 to 20 years
75
80 to84 vears ............
60
85 to 44 years
1
06
45 to 54 years
47
56 to 64 vears
28
66 years and over
1
20
Total colored
24,802
785
540
4,800
48
3,585
14,625
Under 10 vears
4,708
8,660
2068
2,068
1,087
2,068
8.172
2,001
1114
602
6
863
1,080
701
5T0
642
817
406
154
52
33
233
436
410
806
451
605
504
818
110
4,754
10 to 14 vears
60
08
76
72
86
148
180
68
58
16
87
60
62
68
100
70
63
16
2,807
15 to 10 years
5
7
7
4
11
6
7
1
1,258
80 to 24 years
844
26 to 20 years -
822
80 to 84 years
817
85 to 44 years
1,307
45 to 54 years
867
56 to 64 years
514
66 years and over
355
Colored males
10,425
768
480
8,867
37
1,600
3,683
Under 10 vears ♦....
2,804
1,787
1,240
865
805
804
1,255
761
874
181
6
306
762
517
457
544
706
375
146
48
14
110
220
214
210
201
200
182
104
46
2,284
10 to 14 years
47
01
76
71
81
188
134
65
55
16
86
48
50
61
07
65
45
18
i-'^
15 to 10 years
2
2
5
4
10
6
7
1
20 to 24 years
8
26to20years ..
8
80 to 84 years
3
85 to 44 years .........
14
45 to 54 years
0
65 to 64 years
7
65 years and over
18
Colored females
18,067
27
60
042
11
1,065
10,042
Under 10 years -
2,480
1,022
1,710
1,228
1,132
1,174
1,017
1,240
740
411
10
114
216
106
185
250
405
822
^"4
2,470
10 to 14 years
3
2
67
827
184
122
88
111
81
8
.4
1,748
IStolOyears
1
2
3
7
12
24
8
8
8
5
2
1,170
20 to 24 years
836
25to20years
1
5
5
6
8
3
810
80 to 84 years
814
85 to 44 years
1
1,383
45 to54 years
65to64 years
858
507
66 years and over
337
Digitized by VjOOQIC
462
REPOBT OK THB OBUBUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XXVL — OoeupaUona^ by tex, race, ami nativUif,
CUBA.
Brickznakers
Broom and brush makers
Builders and contractors
Butchers
Cabinetmakers
Carpenters
Charcoal burners
Clerks and copyists -
Clerffjrmen
Commercial travelers
Confectioners
Coojiers
Dairymen
Dentists ^^.
Draymen and hackmen
Dressmakers
Engineers (civil) and surveyors ..
ESngineers and nremen (station^
ary engines)
Engravers
Fishermen
Foremen and overseers
(hardeners and florists
Gold and silver workers
Qunsmiths
Hamees makers
Hostlers --
Hotel and restaurant keepers —
Housekeepers and stewards
Hucksters and peddlers
Janitors and sextons
Journalists
Laborers
Launderers and laundresses
Lawyers
Linemen (telegraph, etc.)
Literary and scientific persons . . .
Livery-stable keepers
Lumbermen
Machinists ...^ ..'......
Masons
Meclianics...
Merchants -
Messengers and office boys
Miners and quarrymen
Molders
Musicians
Nurses
Officials, government
Officials of manufacturing com-
panies
Operatives (cigar factories)
Packers and snippers
Painters
Photographers
Physicians and surgreons
Piano makers
Planters
Plumbers
Policemen and watchmen
Porters
Potters
Printers, lithographers, etc
100
46
20
11
46
10
481
151
Wl
87
14.204
6,120
1,607
U
444
2.248
1,788
288
80
105
86
113
8
80
040
861
126
64
864
277
6,368
1,684
4i0
""m
617
601
64
24
12
2,263
1.614
71
28
80B
7
86
664
816
60
80
1,807
686
807
01
60
4
21
260
16
188
1,627
116
441
40
28
246
140
860,617
32S
^»2S
1,288
20,080
267
1,406
1,281
40
80
171
4
08
24
0
80
10
068
608
6,667
1,178
4,072
8,147
46,861
414
18,268
286
134
854
40
242
175
682
46
168
288
284
60
473
880
53
21
2? 680
1,580
U,802
88
22
1.681
780
212
7
181
1,228
006
16
6
8,265
18
2.137
43
18
4,824
3.100
48
31
277
171
1.481
18
1,138
811
33
*
1
8
15
12
184
146
67
63
2.768
6.88S
480
663
6
468
62
190
4
68
I
88
45
8
77
621
68
13
48
28
2.887
1.402
6i
2S1
200
42
202
286
10
2
484
814
80
0
167
2
101
6
48
100
t
22
7
181
680
188
123
25
1
23
2
108
8
14
1
880
U
607
00
12
5
79
17
48.672
120
114.206
7.304
666
880
415
17.666
172
8
18
1
60
2
0
10
5
21
40
26ir
193
806
-. .....
4.486
874
661
26, »6
180
8,362
91
86
66
688
122
82
86
172
16
267
8
146
187
24
70
128
17
28
0
1.100
845
61
8.0g
807
330
6
72
217
0
612
1
9
10
10
i
606
7
15
10
021
794
13
4
30
78
17
270
73
i
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
463
Table XXVI. — OocupationSf by sex, reuse, and nativity— Continued.
CUBA— Continued.
Alldasses.
Native white.
ForeigT
1 white.
Colored.
Occupation.
1
1
1
1
1
1
Rope tnaker^i
34
4,820
14,533
73
86"
22,807
3"
in
22
1,712
3,770
8
'3,'i7i
64
47
20*
"2;833'
4,287
3*
6
2,620
9, no
54
"4,197
20
47
1,044
390
283
20
86
120
2
12
41
881
233
347
5
41
88
30
il
■""2i6*
1,150
6
488
993
11
"ii;289
Salesmen and saleswomen
Saloon keepers
2
Seamntresfieq . . ,
5,286
Servants ,. ,
18,667
84
102
6.280
17,390
Ship and boat builders
Shirt makers . .
2
6
2
""m
8
3,430
73
129
50
Shoomakers
1,806 17
135 ,
286
10 ' 1
278
21
Soldiers
m ::.
678
31 6
489 ,
240
14 , 822
27 ,
642 1
3,481 '
343
1,206 1,502
460 5
712
24 1
63
255'
191 1
Steam- railroad employees
Stenographers and typewriters ..
Stock raisers . ,.. , .
Stonecutters..
70
8
13
577
650
67
828
'"29i*
"'i."2o6*
Straw workers
Street-railway employees
4 li9
2
Suflnar makers
24
1,960
43
31
1
Tailors . -.
Tanners
Teachers ,
71
Telegraph and telephone em-
ployees
327 1 5
400
13 1
18 1
140
61
Tinners --
238
Upholsterers
6 1
Vet*^rinary surgeons
4
Watch an<l clocfe makers
27
Wood choppers
100 1
Table XXVII. — Occupation by age and sex,
CUBA.
Total Males.
Occupation.
Total.
Actors
Agents (real estate, etc.) and col-
lectors
Apprentices •.
Architects and draftsmen
Artists
Bakers .-
Bankers and brokers
Barbers and hairdressers
Blacksmiths.
Boarding-house keepers
Boilermakers
Bookbinders
Bookkeepers
Box makers (wood)
Brickmakers
Broom and brush makers
Builders and contractors
Butchers
Cabinetmakers.
C^arpenters
Cluuxxml burners
Clerks and copyists
Clergymen
Commercial travelers
Confectioners
Coopers
Dairymen
Dentists
Draymen and hackmen
Engineers (civil) and surveyors. .
Engineers and firemen (station-
ary engines) *
Engravers
621
2,543
162
241
5,426
219
3,349
2,328
20
479
53
335
158
109
20
46
481
207
14,204
1,507
2,248
288
105
113
949
125
354
5.303
617
501
24
Under
15
years.
3
3
1,294
1
1
243
211
75
1
10
1
4
1
7
4
429
90
22
62
15 to 19 20 to 24
25 to 34
years.
years.
4
years.
5
20
20
37
150
1.185
66
5
2
9
43
15
39
88
1,106
1,102
1,694
4
5
36
654
622
932
318
860
720
2
2
4
39
66
144
7
6
21
29
47
111
20
26
62
9
20
82
2
5
8
1
8
41
76
160
12
40
71
1.462
1,830
3,914
146
181
881
276
346
651
10
10
86
30
1
3
10
40
36
68
239
17
15
41
11
46
107
347
869
1,893
21
86
208
29
73
210
1
3,
6
35 to 44
years.
21
176
2
36
49
864
68
535
486
8
124
10
77
26
19
2
15
107
45
3,020
290
490
28
280
24
109
1,314
144
45 to 64 1 years
years, i and
I rtVftr
31 I
214 I
1 I
58 I
46 '
486 I
98 I
366
22
13
8
81
18
80
115
5l
332
88
9
98
6
8
1
68
2
14
27
1
2
2
20
72
0
29
6
3,103
487
445
64
425
89
99
20
30
1
28
i
274
46
12
8
73
8
821
67
148
•*')
66
5
8
Digitized by VjOOQIC
464
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXVil.— Occupation by age and mo;— Gontinned.
CUBA— Continued.
Total Maljcs— Continued.
Occupation.
Fishermen 2,260
Foremen and overseers 71
Gardeners and florists 803
Gk>ld and silver workers 664
Gunsmiths 68
Harness makers 1,397
Hostlers 397
Hotel and restaurant keepers '69
Honsekeepei-a and stewards 260
Hncksters and peddlers 1,627
Janitors and sextons 40
Journalists 245
Laborers 35t',617
Launderers 1,238
Lawyers 1,408
Linemen, telegraph, etc 49
Literary and scien ti fio persons ... 171
Livery stable keepers 24
Lumbermen 80
Machinists 968
Masons 6,557
Mechanics 4,672
Merchants 46,851
Messengers and office boys 236
Miners and quarry men 854
Molders 242
Musicians 682
Nurses 239
Officials, government 473
Officials of manufacturing com-
panies — 63
Opera ti ves, ctgar factories 22, 589
Packertfand snippers 83
Painters 1,531
Photographers 212
Phsrsicians and surgeons 1,223
Piano makers 16
Planters 3,285
Plumbers 43
Policemen and watchmen 4, 824
Porters 48
Potters 277
Printers, lithographers, etc 1,44)1
Eope makers 34
Sailors and boatmen 4,820
Salesmen 14,533
Saloonkeepers 73
Servants 18,667
Ship and boat builders 84
Shirt makers 102
Shoemakers 6,280
Soldiers 508
Steam railroad employees 678
Stenographers and typewriters . . 31
Stock raisers 489
Stonecutters 240
Straw workers 14
Street railway employees 27
Sugarmakers 642
Tailors 3.481
Tanners 343
Teachers 1,206
Telegraph and telephone em-
ployees 460
Tinners 712
Upholsterers 24
Veterinary surgeons 63
Watch ana clocK makers 256
Woodchoppers 191
Total.
Under
15
years.
234
19
8
2
90
2
1
40.940
21
1
1
1
4
166
67
1,076
61
6
11
6
808
1
27
2
187
1
1
"12
92
4
154
992
2.713
3
374
16tol9'20to
years, years.
2426
341
1
10
86
6
192
57
3
16
180
8
3
61,275
107
1
5
14
10
48
644
581
4,740
46
66
38
48
21
7
3.409
10
171
29
1
2
212
8
151
1
24
330
6
442
3,737
9
2.442
15
11
2
18
3
35
5
138
48
2
14
3
1
2
86
129
519
3
33
3
89
57
28
123
5
I
35
306
5
28
76
9
318
74
2
24
179
8
88
45.979
270
79
8
24
8
20
94
720
770
6,764
24
190
60
61
80
22
5
9
240
41
67
8
200
7
1,383
1
80
276
12
682
4,085
21
2,160
6
22
826
124
09
9
27 '
1
3
64
519
63
107
79
1
4
15 I
to 3435 to
years, years.
T9
106
17
302
121
20
85
339
11
75
78,714
476
419
15
60
4
19
272
1,680
1,431
13,063
57
380
71
156
74
140
11
6,796
24
607
66
878
8
690
16
2,007
17
62
461
6
1,398
3,636
26
3,847
7
43
1.666
213
241
14
09
74
1
10
219
974
139
291
114
177
6
12
69
40
4445
416
21
66
100
18
249
62
13
60
261
6
77
60,073
243
448
11
40
9
18
202
1.439
1.003
10,801
26
158
82
140
48
152
14
4,140
16
839
43
408
2
810
7
808
13
67
196
3
1,238
1.263
9
2,702
8
17
1,392
131
176
8
100
61
9
179
720
72
257
113
138
7
16
70
33
66
to 64 years
years, i and
over.
381
18
97
144
12
182
66
16
n
408
10
46
62,060
115
9
12
231
1,780
768
9.382
16
66
39
141
60
139
8
8,000
22
226
25
821
4
1.019
4
873
16
69
122
3
809
787
7
4.017
40
61
1.080 ,
101
114
66
54
8
8
186
623
as
439
67
149
5
26
. 77
37
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS,
465
Table JULW IL^Occupation by age and sea;— Continued.
CUBA— Continued.
Total. FcMALsa
Occupation.
ActrooDOO
ArtiBto
Baken
Boarding-house keepers
Bookkeepers
Cbarcoaj burners
Confectioners
Dressmakers
Gardeners and florists
Hotel and restaurant keepers —
Housekeepers
Hucksters and peddlers
Laborers
Laundresses ..
Literary and scientific persons . .
Merchants
Musicians
Nurses
Operatives, dgar factories
Pnotographers
Planters
Printers, lithographers, etc
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
Serrants
Shirt makers
Shoemakers
Stenographers and typewriters .
Straw workers
Teachers
Telegraph and telephone em-
ployees w
TotaL
18
63
18
2
4
U
8
419
7
4
15
115
8.860
20,960
4
414
284
1,580
7
18
18
86
8,329
22,807
8
40
6
322
1,602
Under
15
years.
15 to 19
years.
696
291
8
1
1
129
1
4
4U
3,651
78
i"
2
831
2,816
31
8
9
494
2
2
7
10
2,061
3,429
1
12
8
84
169
1
20 to 24;25 to 34|35 to 44 45 to 64
years, years,
1
109
1
1
1
5
702
2,788
54
12
86
863
3
1
5
10
1,578
2,294
7
2
44
804
1
125
3
16
1,615
5,8n
114
15
106
311
2
3
4
5
2,169
4,122
1
7
1
66
450
years.
60
1
1
3
14
1,761
4,814
3
94
6
70
162
2
5
1,274
3,616
7
42
295
1
years.
95
3
44
111
2
2
768
4,872
49
360
65
years
and
over.
1
2
1
4
1
1
34
1
3
2
1
7
1
66
22
2.668
097
4,315
585
1
18
1
18
10
73
1,028
9
28
Table XKYIU.— Occupations by sex and citizenship,
CUBA
Total Malsb.
Occupation.
Total.
Cuban.
Spanish.
In sus-
pense.
Foreign
and un-
known.
Actors - --....
86
621
2,543
162
241
5,426
219
8.849
2,828
20
479
63
836
168
109
20
46
481
207
14,204
1,697
283
106
118
949
125
854
23
316
128
4,041
115
2,688
1,612
7
296
82
188
102
66
11
23
268
lt2
1,678
76
38
78
880
68
260
2
28
85
1
10
185
8
79
61
4
16
1
18
8
16
192
368
49
79
1,076
76
447
5U
4
106
15
78
48
27
2
6
167
52
2,2n
871
849
158
•84
69
46
24
45
Affentfl (real estate, etc- ) And c-oHef^torci
86
^imrMitioQB . .- ••••.«
57
Aiv^hftActii and draftsmen r
23
Artists
24
Bakers -
174
Bankers and brokers
20
135
BisPrksraitbs ,.. ,--,- -,^--,..,.
144
Boarding-house keepers
5
Boilermakers...... 7.....-..-...-
62
Bookbinders -
6
Bookkeei>ers.
63
Box makers (wood)
BHckmakers
i§
7
Builders and contractor* . . r . r - ,
1
19
4
256
10
88
16
6
8
5
3
8
16
Butchers .......
82
Cabinetmakers
9
785
Charcoal burners ,-.,,--,
894
Clerks and coDTista
196
Clergymen . ............^.r.
89
^•"mm^Tcial travelers
81
Confectioners .•..—.
3
Coopers
45
Dairymen
18
Dentists
62
24662 30
Digitized by LaOOQlC
466 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table. XX Vin. — Occupations by sex and citizenship— Con^nnidd,
CUBA— Continaed.
Total MAiiBs— Continued.
Occupation.
Total.
Cuban.
Spanish.
In BUS-
Foreign
and un-
known.
Dravmenand haokmen
Engineers (civil) and surveyors
Engineers and firemen (stationary engines) .
Bnsravers
Fisnermen
Foremen and overseers
Gbtrdeners and floriHts
Gold and silver workers
Qunsmiths
Harness makers
Hostlers
Hotel and restaurant keejiers
Housekeepers and stewards
Hucksters and peddlers
Janitors and sextons
Journalists
Laborers
Launderers -
Lawyers
Linemen (telegraph, etc )
Literary and scientific jiersons
Livery-sti^ble keepers
Lumbermen
Machinists
Ifasons
Mechanics
Merchants
Messengers and oflloe boys
Miners andquarrymen
Molders ^
Musicians
purses
Officials, government
Officials of manufacturing companies
Operatives, dsar factories
Pik;kers and snippers
Painters
Photographers -•
Physicians and surgeons
Piano makers
Planters
Plumbers
Policemen and watchmen
Porters
Potters
Printers, lithographers, etc
Rope makers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Saloon keepers
Servants
Ship and boat builders
Shirt makers ,
Shoemakers
Soldiers
Steam-railroad employees
Stenographers and tyi>e writers ,
Stock raisers
Stonecutters
Straw workers
Street-railway employees
Sugar makers
Tailors
Tanners : —
Teachers. ..••..•... ...... ...... .................
Telegraph and telephone employees. . . .'
Tinners
Upholsterers .'
Veterinary surseons
Watch and clock makers
Wood chopi>ers
5.a68
617
501
24
2,862
71
aoB
664
60
i,ao7
807
00
260
1.527
40
245
aS0,517
1,23B
1,406
40
171
24
80
068
6,567
4,672
46,861
242
478
63
1,581
212
1,223
15
3,266
43
4,824
48
277
1,481
84
4.880
14,538
78
18,667
84
102
6,280
506
678
81
480
240
14
27
642
8,481
848
1,206
400
712
24
68
266
101
2.702
200
266
11
1.728
26
60
470
88
1,221
106
24
141
801
25
167
286,428
466
1.206
86
16
570
2,476
106
826
812
580
15
20
146
146
6
15
1
28
1
16
7
2
10
18
8
18
26
2
11
2,780
77
0
12
1
60
643
18
5.415
106
8,427
68
7.665
8,686
174
8
154
06
104
2
888
20
84
18
836
4
80
1
18,683
67
232
1,007
127
087
6
33
1
14
2,601
27
87
8,866
83
237
44
2
1,U3
27
87
2,000
11.808
118
1.865
2
478
51
5.066
176
400
8
886
110
11
7
114
16
14
8'
8
2
2
141
23
16
0
8
1
2
2
4
1,000
64
170
6
420
20
144
88
24
U4
164
22
86
817
13
68
88,066
474
100
17
15
0
20
166
720
784
20,868
43
672
22
128
103
73
21
2,8&4
14
250
40
106
2
813
7
26
281
7
2.221
8.813
42
8.507
28
40
28S
8
60
00
2
0
20
720
128
283
66
71
5
26
66
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
Table XXVIU. — Occupations by sex aiui citizenship — Contmned.
CUBA— Continued.
Total Fkmai.b&
467
Oooupation.
Total.
Cuban.
Spanish.
6
4
In sus-
pense.
Foreign
and un-
known.
Actreeses
18
58
18
2
4
11
8
419
7
4
15
115
8.860
20,980
414
46
284
1,580
7
18
18
86
8,329
22,807
8
40
6
822
1,602
5
3
16
16
2
21
2
7
Artists
12
Bakers
Boarding-housekeepers :
2
Bookkeepers
4
11
a
330
4
3
11
85
8,060
19,993
1
187
29
139
1,401
6
17
14
15
7,864
21,084
2
37
1
308
1,136
5
Char<v>ar bn mers
Confectioners
Dressmakers
3
51
86
Gardeners and florists
3
Hotel and restaurant keepers -
1
2
Housekeepers T
2
Hucksters and i>edd1er8
80
Laborers
10
121
377
669
Laundresses .......
586
Literary and scientiflc persons
8
Merchants .*.
14
3
5
7
71
167
142
Musicians , ,
8
Nurses
56
Operatiyes, cisar factories
15
Pbotograpiiera
1
Planters ,
I
1
33
U6
i
3
16
m
966
1
2
Printers, lithographers, etc
Saleswomen
4
Seamstreases
161
Rerrants
641
Shirt makers . .
Shoemakers
1
Stenosranhers and typewriters
5
Straw workers
iJ
4
202
14
Teachers
145
Telegraph and telephone employees
Table XXTX. — Occupations by sex, literacyj and superior education,
CUBA.
Total. Malks.
Occupation.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
but can
not
write.
Can read
and
write.
65
669
1,618
161
233
3,294
219
2,942
1,772
12
895
58
884
124
1-
85
845
187
10,860
403
2,248
283
106
86
668
51
With
superior
educa-
tion.
Without
superior
educa-
tion.
Actors.. --
86
621
2,543
162
241
5.426
219
8.849
2,828
20
479
53
835
158
109
20
46
481
207
14.204
1,697
2,248
288
105
113
949
125
21
57
725
1
7
1,947
air
488
8
75
9
98
5
74
49
13
40
27
18
1
7
77
Agents (real estate, etc) and collect-
ors
5
200
528
Apprentices --
2,688
Architects and draftsmen
' 88
Artists
1
185
192
Bakers
5,418
Fsrkftrs and brokers
179
Barbers and hairdressers
66
78
8,822
BlackimrfthA , - r ,
2,810
Boardinff-house keeners....'
19
Boiler makers
9
472
Bookbinders .... ..................
58
i
28
67
9
10
129
18
2,991
1.180
..
2
2
1
7
2
368
14
160
2
175
Box makers (wood) r
156
Brickmakers. .
109
Broom and brush makers
20
Builders and contractors
3
2
4
78
48
Butchers . .
479
Cabinetmakers ».»tt
208
Carpenters
14,126
Charcoal burners .... ..............
1,607
Clerks and copyists
426
248
10
1,822
Clergymen r^.
85
Commercial travelers ...»
05
Confectioners
25
862
71
2
84
8
118
Coopers
!
945
Dairymen
124
Digitized by VjOOQIC
468
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXIX. — Occupations by »ex, literacy^ and superior education — Contintied.
CUBA —Continued.
Total Malbs— Continued.
Occupation.
Dentists
Draymen and hackmen
Enf^eerH (civil) and surveyors
Engineers and firemen (stationary
engines)
Engravers
Fishermen
Foremen and overseers
Gardeners and fiorists
Qold and silver workers
Gunsmiths
Harness makers
Hostlers ,
Hotel and restaurant keepers
Housekeepers and stewards
Hucksters and peddlers
Janitors and sextons
Journalists
Laborers
Launderers
Lawyers
Linemen (telegraph, etc)
Literary and scientific persons
Livery-stable keepers
Lumbermen
Machinists.
Masons.
Mechanics
Merchants ,
Messengers and office boys
Miners and quarrymen
Molders
Musicians ,
Nurses
Officials, government
Officials of manufacturing companies
Operatives, cigar factories
Packers and shippers
Painters
Photographers
Physicians and surgeons
Piano makers
Planters
Plumbers
Policemen and watchmen
Porters
Potters
Printers, lithographers, etc
Rope makers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Saloonkeepers ,
Servants
Ship and boat builders
Shirt makers
Shoemakers ,
Soldiers
Steam-railroad employees
Stenographers ana typewriters
Stock raisers
Stonecutters
Straw workers ..-•
Street- railway employees
Sugar makers
Tailors
Tanners
Teachers
Telegraph and telephone employees ..
Tinners
Upholsterers
Veterinary surareons
Watch ana clock makers
Wood choijpers
TotaL
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
but can
not.
write.
Can read
and
write.
With
superior
educa-
tion.
Without
superior
educa-
tion.
354
1
108
1
22
353
3,071
581
242
23
661
64
142
510
53
1,185
166
52
252
758
37
242
80,640
893
1,406
45
171
18
28
810
3,665
4.210
42,450
138
425
216
548
212
473
42
17,156
36
1,287
211
1,223
15
1,507
37
3,751
44
11?
1,470
22
2,450
13.028
63
7,804
61
06
4.085
548
427
31
148
171
5
24
610
3,190
230
1,206
460
566
21
282
28
427
1
2
3
11
1
0
1
13
62
5,383
517
501
24
2,004
35
237
1
1,566
7
154
26
6
176
220
16
7
732
3
3
5,335
190
son
28
«.^
35
'm
309
554
50
7
0
3oe
546
56
1,307
397
36
11
1
1
37
1,884
307
flO
200
1,627
40
2
37
0
3
114
2,138
6
1,273
4
70
67
223
1,518
37
245
350,517
1,238
1.406
' '4,'833'
10
131
348,370
1,232
133
40
4
45
171
.
08
24
6
52
140
2,610
415
4,062
00
425
10
28
26
24
80
80
. 058
6.557
4,672
46,851
238
854
242
582
280
473
8
282
. 47
830
4
4
7
6
1
102
27
212
3,112
4
6
41
16
164
2
03
2
36
87
1.160
2
206
2
230
8
856
6,530
4,460
860
236
5a
283
309
51
22,400
81
1,495
175
58
22,580
83
0
4.675
47
211
2
758
1,531
212
33
1
1,223
15
68
13
3.0g
4.504
40
m
1,400
34
4.740
14,204
78
3.255
4,824
48
1,623
5
1,010
1^
4
11
2,254
1)354
0
0,044
21
4
1,884
48
240
35
1
54
277
8
7
1
116
151
1
900
2
3
311.
2
11
1,481
34
81
4,820
14,533
78
80
230
18.657
84
42
18.M6
102
6,280
508
678
31
3
11
278
37
0
3
1
90
890
641
28
480
240
331
65
8
3
24
214
112
10
4
1
486
14
.::
14
27
It
41
26
642
3,481
343
8
68
1
601
1,206
762
144
10
2
34
14
1
444
460
816
7D8
28
29
241
190
712
24
63
120
2
17
1
255
101
6
143
1
5
248
43
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
469
Table XXIX. — Occupations by sex^ literacy, and superior education — Continued.
CUBA— Continued.
Total Fbmalb£(.
Occupation.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
but can
not
write.
Can read
and
write.
With
superior
educa-
tion.
Without
superior
educa-
tion.
Actresses
18
53
18
2
4
11
3
419
7
4
15
115
8.860
20,980
4
414
46
284
1.580
7
18
18
36
8,329
22,807
6
322
1,502
5
1
2
7
"i"
2
17
51
9
2
4
18
Artists
4
49
Bakers
18
2
Bookkeepers
2
2
Cbarcoalbumers
U
2
40
5
2
2
92
8,220
15,868
11
Confectioners
1
360
2
2
12
20
560
3.990
4
197
46
213
837
J
31
5,826
5,879
3
25
6
53
1,502
5
8
Drewmakers.
10
2
417
Qardenersand florists
7
Hot^ and restaurant keei)em
4
Housekeepers T.
1
3
71
1,123
15
Hucksters and peddlers
1
24
4
i»"
5
63
3
114
Laborers .1
8,836
20,976
Literary and scientific persons
4
Merchants ......,'..
200
17
3%
Mqfiiqians
41
liurses
65
589
6
1.54
221
Operatiyes, cigar factories
1,677
PnotcMrraphers
7
Planters
16
18
Printers, lithographers, etc
. . .
4
1
45
U
14
Saleswomen
2
2,021
14,961
3
482
1,947
36
Beamstreflses
8,284
Servants
22,796
Shirt makers .. ,
3
Sfioemakers.
is
2
40
8ten<^rraphers and typewriters. . .-
3
8
Straw workers
246
23
822
Teachers
859
1
648
Telegraph and telephone employees. . .
..... .....
4
Table XXX. — Occupations by sex and conjugal condition,
CUBA.
Total Males.
Occupation.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Actors
Atfents (real estate, etc.) and col-
86
621
2,543
162
241
5,426
219
3,349
2,328
20
479
53
336
158
109
20
46
481
207
14,204
1,597
2,248
2H3
105
51
223
2,536
37
127
3.798
56
2,088
1,348
8
240
32
160
92
74
16
26
249
114
7,284
1,164
1,162
247
44
27
307
1
1(M
83
914
119
784
570
7
158
17
140
85
19
2
12
117
54
4,119
176
865
28
51
3
51
2
11
18
506
17
387
332
4
50
4
10
26
12
2
3
102
30
2,087
212
116
10
6
5
40
4
10
13
116
27
90
69
1
31
Apprentioes
Architects
Artists
Bakers
8
Baukerft and brokers ........ . .
Barbers and hairdressers
Blacksmiths. ....
Boarding-housekeepers
Boiler makers .
Bookbinders.
Bookkeepers
Box makers (wood) . -.. . ....
16
6
4
Brickmakers . . , ...
Broom and brush makers
Builders and contractors.
5
13
9
781
44
105
8
4
Butchers. .
Carpenters -
8
1
Clerks and copsrists
Clerirvmen ... .....
Commercial travelers
Digitized by VjOOQIC
470 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18»9.
Table XXX,— 'Occupations by tex and conjugal condition — Contiiinad.
CCJfiA— Oontiniied.
Total Malss— Ckmtinaed.
Oocnpatlon.
TotaL Single.
I
BfuTied.
Living
together
M hus-
band ftiid
wifebT
mntnai
oooaent.
Wld-
owed.
Un-
known.
Confectionera -*
Coopers
Dairymen
Dentists
Draymen and hackmen
Engineers (ciyil) andsurreyors
Engineers and firemen (stauonary). . .
Engravers ....
FUinermen
Foremen and overseers
Qu*deners and florists
Oold and silver workers
Qnnsmlths
Harness msJcers
Hostlers
Hotel and restaurant keepers
Housekeepers and stewards
Hockstersand peddlers
Janitors and sextons
Journalists
Laborers
Launderers
Lawyers
Linemen (telegraph, etc.)
Literary and scientific persons
Livery -stable keepers :
Lumbermen
Machinists
Masons
Mechanics
Merchants
Messengers and ofllce boys
Miners and quarrymen
Molders
M^a^/»iana _... .»-...--.
Nurses
Officials, government
Officials of manufacturing companies.
Operatives, cigar factories
Packers and snippers
Painters
Photographers
Physicians and surgeons
Piano makers
Planters
Plumbers
Policemen and watchmen
Porters
Potters
Printers, lithographers, etc
Bope makers
Sailors and boatmen
. Salesmen
Saloonkeepers
Servants ,
Ship and boat builders
Shirt makers
Shoemakers
Soldiers
Steam-railroad employees
Stenographers and typewriters
Stock raisers
Stonecutters ,
Straw workers
Street-railway employees
Sugar makers
Tuiors
Tanners
Teachers
Telegraph and telephone employees . .
Tinners
118
MO
126
854
5,863
617
601
24
2,282
71
808
654
60
1.807
807
00
200
1,627
40
245
860,617
1,238
1.406
40
171
24
80
058
6,667
4.672
46.851
236
854
242
682
£88
478
68
22.680
83
1,631
212
1.223
16
3,265
43
4.824
48
2n
1,481
84
4,820
14,633
73
18,667
84
102
6,280
606
678
81
488
240
14
27
642
3,481
843
1,206
460
712
60
800
72
157
2,015
283
270
0
1.872
87
206
826
41
140
000
26
100
221.180
866
306
26
01
12
62
887
8,334
2,526
27,078
188
753
157
274
168
137
87
18,414
51
828
180
821
6
1,285
24
B,m
140
1,008
26
2.638
14.845
63
14.886
30
65
3.020
841
860
25
324
117
11
14
254
1.001
241
468
248
87S
42
273
42
164
1.312
268
108
U
624
26
62
181
18
857
41
22
84
276
10
120
70,270
105
805
- 15
62
0
11
302
1,484
1,484
14,010
88
75
57
180
65
272
11
5,157
16
875
65
814
6
1,477
U
1,104
28
76
*' 866
4
1,685
826
8
1.668
86
28
1.486
233
228
5
04
84
16
288
5
0
061
38
114
1
200
4
84
44
8
168
23
6
10
220
2
12
44.718
162
80
5
7
2
5
135
1,638
466
8.061
14
10
17
73
8
20
2
3.126
16
260
0
85
8
338
8
201
4
48
72
1
480
208
2
1.804
5
7
046
0
58
044
73
570
181
201
53
81
1
3
47
300
23
44
11
00
5
48
e
24
168
28
5
2
..........
8
2
8
12
84
2
63
7
1
15
41
2
3
13
14.248
26
147
86
3
11
1
1
44
267
i
206
1.788
6
2
5
16
11
86
7
85
8
888
6
67
8
1
63
208
2
2
6
14
45
3
1
164
147
8
12
880
14
11
2
270
16
28
1
18
8
8
1
48
145
0
2
126
10
40
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
471
Table XXX. — Oocupcttions by sex and conjugal condition— Contintied.
CUBA— Oontiniied.
ToTAii Maij»— Oontinaed.
Oocnpatlon.
Total
Single.
Married.
Living
together
Mhos-
band and
wifebr
mntnal
ooneent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
Upholsterers
Veterina^ sorgeons
"Watch ana dook makers.
"Wood choppers
68
866
191
14
15
110
142
0
80
101
20
27
TOTAIi FSXAIilS.
Actreosee -.. ...,.,
18
68
18
2
4
11
8
419
7
.4
15
116
8,800
20,960
4
414
46
284
1,580
7
18
18
86
8,820
22,807
3
40
6
322
1,502
5
9
29
18
1
4
10
2
305
4
1
6
68
5,851
13,569
9
16
2
1
Artist* . r r .
3
2
5
1
Bakftrfl ;,.
Soarding-honse keepers. .-.^. ............
Bookkeepers -
1
1
84
2
1
1-
16
2,851
4,418
dressmakers
48
37
1
i
18
302
72
3
60
212
1
8
8
8
862
1,916
1
6
Qardenern and florists
Hotel and restaurant keepers...... ....
Housekeepers 1
2
18
866
1,170
1
129
6
43
141
1
1
1
1
660
645
Hucksters and peddlers
Laborers . ......^. ^.. ....
. ..t
4
Literary and scientific persons
Merchants . .
187
85
185
1,150
5
6
14
30
6,072
18,054
2
80
6
215
962
4
26
2
6
77
Mutticianp
Nurses
Planter*?
3
Printers, lithographers, etc
Saleswomen
2
753
2,185
2
Servants
7
Hhirt makers
Shoemakers
8
1
Stenographers and typewriters
Straw workers .-
24
209
1
17
8
66
240
Teachers
§
Telegraph and telephone employees ..
Digitized by
Google
472 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Digitized by
Google
.J
OCCUPATIONS.
473
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Actresses
•Artists
Bakers
Boardlng-honse keepers.
CharcoaT burners
Confectioners
Drenmakers.
Gaf deners and florists .
Hotel and restaurant
keepers
1
1
1
1
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Digitized by VjOOQIC
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476
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XXXn. — Occupations by provinces.
Oocupation.
TotaL
Habana.
City of
sas.
Pinar
del Bio.
Puerto
Prin-
cipe.
Santa
Clara.
Santi-
aga
Actors
104
621
2,648
162
294
6,444
219
8,849
22
479
63
339
168
109
20
46
481
207
14,204
1,608
2,248
283
105
116
949
125
364
6,363
419
617
501
24
2,262
71
810
664
69
1,397
397
78
•276
1,642
40
246
360,377
22,218
1,400
49
176
24
80
058
6.657
4,672
47,265
236
854
242
628
523
473
53
24,160
83
1,531
219
1,223
15
3,273
43
4.824
48
277
1,499
69
258
1,720
122
211
1,499
197
1,239
728
6
226
166
29
18
18
266
138
4,754
233
920
117
76
56
239
66
2U6
3,684
286
316
216
20
529
27
159
186
19
415
252
48
46
694
16
166
63,632
8,653
896
23
107
14
68
226
1,424
106
109
895
192
927
539
6
83
29
204
146
2
12
14
220
124
8,105
150
TJO
89
72
46
160
67
173
8,100
244
264
m
19
U
140
* 143
17
346
233
36
26
602
13
152
16,610
6,247
749
16
96
12
9
67
19
9
8
667
4
847
358
8
144
6
23
1
6
. 2
7
87
9
2,111
876
306
44
5
7
313
19
33
. 482
• 22
60
78
1
242
11
44
61
6
144
48
3
68
216
6
19
52,686
4,264
144
1
86
69
6
15
861
2
27
14
2
8
840
3
192
112
9
126
366
14
24
1,106
11
824
663
a
187
6
49
14
Agents (real estate, etc.)
an<) collectors
63
Apprentices
876
Architects and draftsmen.
Ari^ft^ ,
10
33
Bakers
Bankers and brokers . . . .
1.6«)
4
Barbers and hairdremers. .
Blacksmiths
116
89
7
2
682
478
BoardlDff-house keepers. . .
Boilermakers....
4
42
Bookbinders
10
Bookkeepers
10
11
20
Box makers (wood) .. ...
2
Brickmakers
6*
14
5
724
57
56
20
2
4
11
3
9
292
2
16
4
8
86
6
6
58
11
3.180
6n
489
50
18
22
152
28
62
407
38
134
85
2
716
4
68
m
8
344
44
Broom and brush makers.
Builders and contractors. .
9
Butchers
9
1
651
14
204
16
1
11
34
2
14
211
16
21
6
98
Cabinetmakers
43
Carpenters
2,784
Cha^tM>al burners
351
Clerks and copyists
Clergymen
274
36
Commercial trayelers
Confectioners
3
17
Coopers
Dairymen
200
7
Dentists
Drajrmen and hackmen . . .
Dressmakers
Engineers (civil) and sur-
veyors ... - -...--
31
297
56
81
Engineers and firemen
(stationary engines). ...
Engravers
Fishermen
114
1
246
?
19
2
88
28
6
7
132
6
2
64,016
1,244
61
1
6
4
28
17
278
74
28
1
147
1
8
48
11
109
383
Foremen and overseers ...
Ghu^enersand florists
Oold and silver workers . .
Qunsmiths
25
as
124
14
Harness makers ...-.
297
Hostlers
80
Hotel and restaurant keep-
ers.
6
9
79
3
6
19,306
1,718
37
5
'10
12
Housekeepers and stew-
ards
142
310
29
96,483
4,032
163
3
23
4
19
Hucksters and peddlers...
Janitors and sextons
Journalists
Laborers
212
6
24
73,243
Launderers
2,412
Ijavryers
113
Linemen, telegraph, etc ...
persons
17
14
15
Lrvery-stable keepers
Lumbermen
2
1
179
1,016
1,067
6,992
18
4
46
81
61
66
1
1,123
1
143
20
129
1
129
2
611
11
1
124
66
Ma«hini"t» , . . .
336
2,937
2,000
20,771
90
87
100
866
280
157
32
16,647
63
1,057
121
656
10
253
41
1,888
6
52
918
233
2,279
1,674
16,171
81
28
84
832
222
108
30
12,128
63
936
102
406
10
161
38
1,152
t
846
15
269
131
1,876
7
192
1,185
1,087
s,m
4
73
43
92
TZ
1
2.508
280
Masons
878
Mechanics
354
Merchants
Miners and qu arrymen
808
Molders
24
Musicians . .
26
11
47
6
880
8
22
9
82
88
28
48
8
288
74
Nurses
86
Officials, Ctovemment
Officials of manufacturing
comxMvnies
90
11
Operatives, daar factories
Packers and shippers
'•It
Painters ...
Photogrraphers
40
7
46
196
32
186
1
1.446
73
30
Physicians and surgeons. .
Piano makers
125
3
Planters
Plumbers
49
468
988
Policemen and watchmen.
Porters
866
8
1
24
446
2
82
66
1,183
20
119
210
— 48i
6
Potters
72
Printers, lithographer8,etc
167
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OOOUPATtONS.
477
Table XXXn..— Occupations by provinces— ConiiDued,
Ooonpatioii.
Total.
Habana.
City of
Habafff>-
Matan-
zas.
Pinar
del Bio.
Puerto
Prin-
clpe.
Santa
Clara.
Santi-
ago.
Ropo xnakflTS. .....*.« ^* ... .
84
4,820
14,669
78
8,329
41,404
84
106
6,820
608
678
87
480
240
886
27
642
8,481
848
2,708
466
712
24
68
266
191
81
1,886
10,177
68
8,2de
19,199
60
48
1,487
229
102
26
84
179
9
22
218
1,000
74
1,142
. iw
280
16
22
106
114
20
1,040
9,861
60
2,528
16.026
12
46
972
161
80
24
33
140
1
472
406
8
1.099
6,252
15
13
821
64
234
9
28
29
211
IK
842
106
888
96
102
1
10
27
1
1,001
2,008
13
1,861
7. 480
8
14
1.809
71
201
1
50
19
65
2
127
628
88
504
82
148
1
Bailors and boatmen
Baleamenand saleswomen.
f>a1oan keeners .,..,.,
152
741
381
147
850
1.000
4
Seamstresses - ........
282
8,186
1
441
24
14
660
2,880
1,780
Servants -
4,000
Ship and boat builders ....
Shirt makers
1
6
694
46
20
28
Shoemakers r.,.
1,108
Soldiers
164
Steam-railroad employees.
Stenographers and type-
47
1
Stockraisers
170
1
9
144
fl^QnAcntters
12
straw workers
41
2
2
180
84
122
28
46
1
10
Street-railway employees,
gug^r makeirs.
18
100
1.887
22
824
128
210
16
14
88
I
17
120
5
106
16
11
1
4
9
83
Tauors
601
Tanners
Teachers
41
861
Telegraph and telephone
emnloyees
50
Tinners
181
TJoholsterers
6
Watch and clock makers. .
15
61
5
1
i6
88
72
Table XXXUL— Selected occupations, by sex, race, and nativity,
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
Occupation.
All classes.
Native white.
Foreign white.
Colored.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
AoDrentioes ............
1,720
1,405
1,280
728
4,754
020
8,584
520
416
688
62.961
780
896
2,987
2,000
20,504
15,800
1,067
655
1,888
015
1,866
10,149
919
480
660
828
1,889
682
888
875
196
170
85.068
96
786
571
553
1,242
658
868
1,883
'"i,'i02'
431
265
836
118
600
268
226
1,400
228
1,825
113
72
250
U.886
457
111
405
424
18,160
2,521
272
99
460
228
1,486
7,811
"'2,766'
452
616
161
093
447
801
174
1,465
15
876
41
147
263
15,080
227
1
1,866
194
681
4,502
214
8
186
29
66
506
■"6;6i9'
607
720
10
Apgrenuoes
4
1
3
Barbers
BlAcksmiths
Oarpenters... ....
Clerlu and copyists
Draymen ana hackmen . . .
Fishermen
Harness makers ...........
Hucksters
11
671
7,778
1
807
604
5
41
224
6
TAborers
828
Ij»nnderer«5
6,926
Lawyers
Mw>nv}<f
Mechanics
m
1.267
■" 'ioi'
50
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories
Painters
62
989
14
268
Physicians
Poucemf^n and watchmen.
Printers
8
3
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
28
8,289
9,728
7
646'
14
713
1,201
1
486"
14
189
900
1
i48'
Seamstresses -.
2,887
Servants
9,476
1,480
1,600
496
7,ffi2
Shoemakers
6
Tailors
Teachers
18
CITY OF HABANA.
Apprentioes .
Barbers' nil!
BhMsksmiths
Carpenters.
1,424
806
927
680
8,106
741
156
474
280
1,886
117
500
207
287
128
1,028
488
216
181
1,081
> Digitized by VjOOQIC
478 .BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 18W.
Table XXXIIL — Selected occupations^ by mx, race, and no^ttnf^— Contmned.
CITT OF HABAKA-Continoed.
Ooenpation.
All classes.
Native white.
Foreign white.
Colored.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Clerks And copyists
Draymen andhackmen . . .
Pishermen r-.-
780
8,100
68
846
494
10,282
682
740
2,279
1,574
15,040
11.812
996
496
1,152
848
1,046
9.886
701
82
146
188
5,888
60
647
429
1,089
<274
5,466
511
407
728
699
88
1.406
67i'
228
218
226
196
1.657
27
66
208
5,880
408
102
420
842
10,283
2,281
287
86
868
218
942
7.889
568
104
15
742
4
184
158
TTA-raAon makers
Hucksters . . ^ -
8
288
5.615
ioo"
244
4
23
222
4
Laborers-^T t ,,'
106
Lannderers . r r
5,149
I^awyers
Ma«4>nff
488
8,675
188
8
31
26
21
442
4~844
881
568
7
Mechani<w
Merchants
OperatiTes, dgar factories
Painters
181
816
48
699
74
44
9
m
Physicians .......
PonnATnnn and watchmen
Printers...... .
8
8
Hailomand boatmen .
Salesmen - - - -
25
2.628
7,662
5
487"
18
480
748
1
840"
12
116
819
1
1.988
Servants ...........r.......
7.478
967
1,887
887
6^«0
Shoemakers
8
Tailors •
Teachers
131
16
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
19
585
847
868
2,111
806
482
242
144
193
48,864
02
144
1,015
1,067
6,960
1000
148
129
611
117
472
405
2
7
193
187
178
988
249
208
162
74
44
21,098
28
126
221
709
2,781
618
91
104
878
98
165
169
286'
886
51
U6
12
288
115
108
888
8
149
81
60
118
bSKpt """■"■-*""
2
154
46
82
295
54.
180
49
20
81
18
107
186
18
28
106
15
2y6
162
m"
146
75
48
Barbers , ......r-r..^^,..
pl^^nnltlif .
Draymen and luokmen. . . .
Fishermen
Harness makers
Hucksters. ......... T ,^
22
4,881
4.172
2
187
405
1
17
68
19
Tjftborers ...... .. .--
4,177
Lannderers
Lawyers . ...... r
8;614
Masons .
687
2»
984
881
84
2
128
4
11
74
'"i;629'
884
216
1
Mechanics
Merchants
Operatives, dgar factories.
42
98
9
87
14
19
6
Physicians
PoHcemen and watchmen.
Printers
Sailors and boatmen..
7
7
Salesmen
1
1,099
'""m
1
886
867
7
i84'
if
60
"748
Serrants
Shoemakers
1,968
814
842
165
8,867
Tailors
Teachers ..
26
8
PBOVINOB OF PINAB DEL RIO.
Apprentioes
59
368
115
89
724
55
292
246
88
129
58,601
51
61
278
74
2.828
88
168
74
80
801
42
• 176
186
62
58
68
45
909
26
112
22
29
289
1
78
27
17
59
"•IS
Bafers !!!!....:..:...:..:.:
8
1
84
19
21
184
12
89
83
9
24
5,989
10
8
21
18
t
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Fishermen
Harness makers ...
Hucksters
8
515
1.198
8
216
266
10
9
289
Lannderers.
906
Lawyers
Masons
199
11
Mechanics
Merchants .... .............
26
8
1.676
»■
153
.... j
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONe.
479
Table XXXIII. — Selected occupations^ by sex, racCj and nativity— ConUnued.
PROVINCE OF PINAB DEL RlO-Contlinied.
Oocnpatioii.
AU classes.
Native white.
Foreign white.
Colored.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male. jFemale.
Male.
Female.
OperativeB, cigar factories.
Painters
820
22
82
265
24
152
740
60
488
18
69
153
19
96
818
488'
167
89
41
60
40
4
12
22
5
292
5
1
90
19
Physicians
Policemen and watchmen.
Printers
.........
232
1.762
5
60
6
80
762'
186
42
Salesmen ....
I
121
670
2
. 842
6
18
1
106
Servants
1,423
436
120
71
178
83
39
30
1,074
Shoemakers -
2
Tailors
Teachers
35
28
6
1
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Annrentioes.... ... -...
14
339
192
112
651
204
211
147
109
60
87
260
181
1,849
237
40
46
446
62
381
147
10
269
86
60
129
165
85
106
43
86
13.732
17
29
42
96
1.106
168
6
dO
860
54
«72
95
4
50
96
87
441
6
45
29
59
19
8.7«
pJSSSr
1
1
21
11
25
81
33
81
12
7
5
1,730
1
8
87
22
673
2
7
16
53
8
66
48
Barbers
CarpeDters
Clerks and copyists
Draymen and naclnnen
Fisliermen
Hfirimis makers . .
Hucksters ■,,.^.,..,-,
19
97
1,689
.... ' '.'
8
65
704
16
Laborers
6
11
26
Ijannderers
974
Lawyers
M^tumn -,,,
190
18
68
67
27
1
33
5
58
4
247'
869
T8
6
Mechanics
Mer*'ha'its . ^ ... .
26
1
22
1
1
3
Operatives, cigar factories .
Painters
Physicians
polic<^men and watchmen . .
Printera
4
4
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen . .... .. . .
Seamstresses
659
1.82:
1
441
983
1
7
45
211
Servants ..
553
503
130
59
188
188
40
40
116
86
17
18
849
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachers
63
52
8
8
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Apprentices
Bakers
Barbers
Blacksmiths .
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Draymen and hackmen . . .
Fishermen
Harness makers
Hucksters
Laborers
Lannderers
Lawyers
Masons
McKihanics
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories.
Painters
Physicians
Policemen and watchmen.
Printers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Seamstresses
Servants
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachers
865
1,108
8,180
489
497
716
344
289
94,622
172
153
1,185
1,087
8,430
2,460
196
186
1,183
210
1.091
2,0»2
3,497
1,865
628
21
1,861
3,860
56
138
1,361
3.942
14
"325
194
6
254
74
163
691
80
165
205
18
61
13,978
67
25
156
198
4.171
108
32
36
221
12
486
1,019
600'
218
02
75
165
412
554
184
1,235
12
115
47
134
187
29,546
53
442
196
216
1,854
397
•
227
464
197
91
51,098
63
128
1
401
738
4
20
86
1.4^
8.086
201
if
115
828
128
840
784
79
1
223
17
105
262
"2*276'
1,281
415
4
711
3,419
1.568
85
38
1
6
22
149
739
181
500
821
"'627
406
121
4
084
711
5
267
30
81
2
657
8,150
9
190
35
28
Digitized by VjOOQIC
480
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA,
Table XXXHL— Selected occupations, by sex, reuse, and na/itn7y— CoDtmaed.
PBOVINOE OF SANTIAGO.
Oocapatlon.
AU classes.
Natire white.
Foreign white.
Colored.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Ai>Dreiitio68 ...............
876
1.541
682
478
2,784
2r4
297
382
297
178
71,868
119
113
878
854
6,200
2,662
78
126
481
168
860
1,000
101
608
208
109
464
208
61
221
114
54
86,798
42
104
80
195
608
28
191
237
12B
816
534
4ii'
279
134
106
4
1
100
68
81
2OT
56
07
22
10
18
4,941
13
7
82
76
2,812
19
12
32
60
7
296
888
880'
110
43
30
274
820
an
288
2.113
15
130
139
ITS
101
2
716
88
686
.2.0g
1
134
18
247
78
980'
T18
484
10
bSPaViT -——.-..-
8
2
6
Barbers
Carpenters -
..^. .....
Clerira and oopyists
Draym^^n ana nackmen . ,
Piflh"<^mien
RAmfWtt makers
»
1,885
2,208
4"
220
248
Hucksters..........
1
17
17
34
1,148
Lanndereri* r..r
2,028
liawyers .. .,---„_„,,-
Masons
Mi^chanioff
Operatlyes, dgar factories.
Painters
87
22
«7
18
48
15
Poficemen and watchman .
Printers
4
8
1
Sailors and boatmen ^ . r . . .
Salesmen
"■i,*739'
2,269
6
2i5'
638'
396
1
iao*
22
46
1,179
Servants .. ......r. ....... .-
1,740
1,102
661
146
1,828
5
IVdlors
Teachers -
8
IB
Table XXXP7. --Occupations by age and sex.
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
OocniMtion.
MALB8.
Apprentices
Bakers
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Drajrmen and nackmen —
Fishermen
Harness makers
Hucksters
Laborers
Laonderers
Lawyers
Masons ^
Mechanics
Merchants
Operatives, cdgar factories
Painters
Physicians
Poucemen and watchmen
Printers ,
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachers
Bakers
Hucksters
Laborers
Laundresses
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories
Printers
Total.
Under
15
16 to 19
years.
years.
1.720
890
797
1,495
33
235
1,289
60
196
728
. 21
94
4,754
112
454
920
11
105
8,684
23
• 194
529
49
72
415
8
47
683
22
83
02.961
5.361
9,221
780
5
51
898
1
1
2,937
45
262
2,009
34
261
20.594
321
1,748
15,390
601
2,212
1,067
20
125
655
1,888
1
61
916
48
192
1,865
40
151
10,149
543
2,410
9,476
1,108
38
1,263
146
1,480
1.600
84
182
496
2
6
4
11
671
1
2
100
85
7,773
60
686
177
4
12
1,267
96
402
3
2
20 to 24
years.
108
661
115
597
71
78
91
9,632
157
69
3.008
2,758
165
42
538
177
229
212
1
1
88
962
88
280
25 to 34
years.
1
516
404
222
1,346
270
1,312
160
117
161
16,253
311
276
818
609
6,015
4,974
875
206
839
302
620
2,700
2,228
411
496
120
2
4
142
2,196
55
36 to 44
years.
212
161
1,027
213
882
96
87
117
10,367
172
277
867
432
4.908
2,863
217
201
807
115
452
948
1.418
366
363
107
99
1,818
36
124
45 to 64
years.
65 years
and
120
m
107
1,086
177
584
83
74
183
10,246
79
2a
721
344
4,109
1,881
140
184
185
77
191
4
129
1,761
33
91
1
13
U
15
118
6
44
91
20
400
201
15
28
7
4
37
56
275
4
5
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
481
Table XXXIV. — Occupations by age and sex — Oontdnued.
PROVINCE OP HABANA-Contlnued.
Occnpation.
FBHAL.B8— contixiaed.
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
Servants
Shoemakers
Teachers
Total.
9,723
7
646
Under
15
years.
8
UO
1.406
1
1
15 to 19 20 to 24
years, i years.
7
640
1,440
2
45
9
619
994
109
25 to 34
years.
8
884
1.861
2
195
85 to 44
years.
1.464
1
154
45 to 64
years.
1
391
2,101
1
124
65 years
and
over.
84
470
CITY OP HABANA.
MALES.
ADDFentioes......
1,424
805
927
589
780
8,100
68
846
494
16,282
682
749
2,279
1.574
15,040
11,812
986
496
1,152
843
1,046
9,326
7,478
967
1,337
887
726
17
48
16
82
7
20
1
7
20
865
5
1
29
29
191
857
18
669
180
143
78
840
81
157
2
30
70
1,720
85
1
202
218
1,134
1,572
110
29
208
179
82
471
89
602
8
62
65
2,466
122
54
270
265
2,106
1,990
149
83
245
150
113
2,754
1,019
189
199
26
1
888
8U8
178
907
232
1,188
20
94
129
4,880
265
286
665
468
4,487
3,749
332
165
560
288
896
2,539
1,844
272
412
80
aSSi.^::::::::::.. ::::
Barbers
128
152
119
673
167
769
20
77
87
8,282
138
229
520
828
8,781
2,089
195
140
219
106
271
899
1,144
213
299
71
78
88
68
647
187
477
10
61
112
3,157
64
194
544
265
3.047
1,405
119
140
103
70
196
479
1,490
211
214
128
6
9
BliM'ksmlthM
8
Carpenters
75
Clerks and copyists
Draymen ana hackmen ...
Pishermen .,.,^-,-,--^ ---,
17
87
2
Ff arpASH makers
6
Hnckstors.. ..-.r..
11
IjalK>r«?r8
462
T/anTi<)ArerA ....,,
8
Ij»wyer<» ... . . -
85
Masons
69
Mechanics
21
Merchants
Operatives cigar factories.
Painters
845
150
18
Physicians
18
Poficemen and watchmen.
Printers
47'
9
458
775
22
27
2
28
175
43
2.147
968
89
151
5
7
8
Sailors and boatmen.
SfUesmen
19
ISO
Servants -
288
Shoemakers....
21
Tailors
85
Teachers
26
Bakers
Hucksters....... ...........
8
228
5,615
181
816
8
26
2,528
7,562
5
487
1
41
425
10
251
2
5
480
1,141
1
30
1
3!$
661
28
182
8
58
1,698
87
172
86
1,857
27
90
3
29
1,822
28
62
1
1
818
1.605
1
89
laborers
i6
86
8
66
14
Lanndroooeo ...............
216
Merchants
Operatives, dgar factories.
Printers - ......
8
8
Sal en vrnm nsn
8
92
1.086
1
8
466
790
8
605
1,469
2
149
5
462
1,151
ii7*
25
Servants
870
ShoexDAlcers
Te^K^ers
87
15
PROVINCE OP MATANZA&
MAL.ER.
19
686
847
858
2.111
806
482
242
144
198
48.864
92
144
1,015
1.067
7
28
20
18
51
8
4
16
6
9
5.068
11
130
58
44
195
40
37
28
18
19
6.881
U
1
123
78
63
245
55
78
42
22
15
4
115
171
Baker*^ , _ _ _
169
94
100
582
91
156
66
41
42
10,148
25
38
170
294
89
53
82
458
59
112
38
26
28
7,457
16
60
194
228
47
45
47
548
54
88
57
30
66
10.801
44
837
185
4
Barbers
4
Blacksmiths
6
Carpenters
Clerlnand copyists
Draymen and hackmen. . . .
Pishermen
87
>l
10
Harness makers
2
Hucksters
14
Laborers
2.665
Lawyers . ...-.
8
Masons
28
17
iis
159
^
Mechanics
18
Digitized by VjOOQIC
482
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXXIV. — Occupations by age atid aex — Contmaed.
PBOVINCB OF MATANZAS-Continaed.
OocnpAtion.
MAIZES— con tlnaed.
Uerdutnts
Opermtlves, cigar f«otorle«.
Painten
Physicians
Policemen and watchmen.
Printers
Bailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachers
rXMALES.
Bakers
Hucksters
Laborers
Laundresses
Merchants
Operatives, dgar factories
Printers
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
Servants
Shoemakers
Teachers
T«f^i ^Ss^^llStolO 20to24
-I-
6,960 ;
1,000 I
143
129 .
611
117
472 I
406 !
1,968
814
842
166
10
14
89
820
71
13
1
2 ..
1
22
4,381
4,172
42 ..
196
42
276
460
3
93
7 ..
6
19
2
1 ,
1
1.000
3,284 I
86
60S
229
402
2
218
1
24
702
lOi
19
10
28
84
128
227
128
88
13
1,048
204
25
8
170
•19
76
87
164
106
60
12
1
2
292
554
3
24
2
26 to 34
jears.
1,786
286
86
28
260
83
120
72
297
218
98
20
2
787
1.215
0
25
2
806
5U
2
76
86 to 44
years.
1,419
195
86
46
111
14
120
83
2U
154
1
949
942
11
11
165
606
1
45to64«2S"
1.S19
191
24
86
67
13
83
42
660
121
67
60
4
1,423
847
10
6
1
120
787
41
PBOVINCB OP PINAB DEL BIO.
MALBB.
Aimrentioes
60
868
115
80
724
66
292
246
88
120
58,601
51
61
273
74
2,828
820
22
82
266
24
162
740
1,428
436
120
71
8
8
515
1,100
26
60
80
12
6
8
18
1
15
28
3
11
7.888
8
26
68
24
9
66
4
83
38
16
15
8,480
2
86
21
20
68
8
46
26
U
16
8,125
0
3
33
18
456
141
5
4
82
6
19
190
222
106
17
2
1
1
115
88
26
192
18
106
57
23
80
12,041
15
10
68
21
839
200
9
24
125
10
80
168
262
108
39
17
1
Sffero !^....-.-.-:
89
15
17
183
10
56
43
20
22
7,638
9
18
60
23
610
122
7
24
81
1
33
68
150
74
19
7
86
10
14
184
14
87
45
18
28
7,197
7
19
73
15
497
117
1
26
13
2
30
61
217
4S
18
40
1
2
98
142
1
2
t
Barbers --.
1
Blftcksmit-h*i --
1
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Drasrmen and nackmen —
Fishermen
24
1
10
Harness makers
Hnokst^^rs..,
y
Laborers
1,882
Lannderers . .-...-
1
LAwvers ..
2
SSsjns /.::::"::::::::::::
0*
81
2
807
154
9
Mpohanics
Merchants
70
71
50
Painters
15
PoUcemen and'watoh'me'n.
Printers
1
12
6
26
206
244
70
17
1
J
2
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen -
12
68
201
26
0
8
0
Servants -,^», --
87
Shoemakers r .. .
4
Tailors
1
Teachers -r
4
FEMALES.
Bakers
TInnlnrtAPfl
1
64
221
6
9
Laborers
04
62
82
170
6
20
66
223
8
20
104
863
12
9
20
Lanndresses ....... .....
22
^Aiv*hii,ntfi
Operatives, dgar factories.
Printers....... -
9
Saleswomen .............
1
232
1,762
5
35
1
68
294
2
4
Seamstresses.........
14
864
57
808
68
340
1
11
28
208
7
206
1
B6r VADtB •.....••..------
S8
1
Teadiers.. ....... ->....••-•
2
U
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
483
Table XXXIV. — Occupations by age atid sea?— Continaed.
PROVmCB OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Total.
Under
15
years.
16 to 19
years.
20 to 24
years.
26 to 84
years.
86 to 44
years.
46 to 64
years.
66 years
and
over.
MAIiXS.
U
930
van
112
651
204
211
147
lOG
60
19.211
24
87
269
181
1,849
287
40
46
446
62
881
147
558
608
130
59
1
19
97
1,689
26
1
4
8
15
18
6
26
8
1
12
2
6
2,087
6
68
48
11
78
26
12
22
16
12
8,841
BAkem - -
69
82
17
82
42
86
16
81
4
1,979
8
1
26
80
266
20
10
2
119
12
61
84
47
64
28
7
96
46
86
186
40
59
26
28
12
8,540
10
9
55
45
448
80
8
19
180
18
110
23
99
168
19
14
1
4
15
426
8
66
28
28
106
46
57
86
15
18
13
40
21
422
49
7
16
78
6
99
7
08
137
20
12
89
22
17
191
44
41
81
17
10
3,862
4
10
98
18
874
90
7
7
48
7
61
4
100
108
12
21
1
Barbers
8
2
Oftrpenters -
83
Cle& and oqpyistB
>raymen andfiackmen ...
Fishermen- -
4
6
4
Harness makers
6
Hucksters............ ......
8
Ijalx>r era ■.■...
968
Lannderers.
Lawyers ...................
4
Maff^ns
11
29
16
236
24
6
11
Mechanl4!S
1
Merchants
Operatives* ciipir factories.
60
6
2
64
18
1
Physiclanfl
8
Policemen and watchmen.
26
16
40
54
64
82
82
4
10
24
106
85
9
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
10
1
Servants
Shoemakers
45
9
Tailors
10
Teachers
5
FSMAIiBS.
Bakers
Hnckwters^^ ^»- ..»,„--,-^
2
18
889
7
11
21
869
10
2
10
89
1
14
287
4
is
180
6
50
Merchants
1
1
8
Printers
1
Saleswomen
659"
1.827
1
63
42
129
182
816
1
9
86
188
146
866
107
828
88
401
10
Servants .^.^ ^
109
Shoemakers .....^ ^
Teadieni ................ ..
11
23
11
7
2
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
ApprenticeB
866
1,106
824
668
8,180
489
487
716
844
280
94,622
172
168
1,185
1,087
8,480
2,460
196
186
1,188
210
1,091
2,002
8,497
1,855
628
209
168
88
62
14
102
3
6
71
9
16
10,740
4
182
218
161
77
881
68
61
117
53
22
13,116
20
17
285
162
86
400
88
74
116
101
88
12,444
28
0
120
182
1,U1
416
20
6
875
88
106
516
287
288
107
25
2
834
206
186
847
145
164
182
00
60
28,064
75
86
278
861
671
67
64
606
57
208
405
624
608
188
70
1
176
188
106
740
97
110
115
51
64
16,600
81
51
268
226
1,041
426
56
72
186
40
205
144
687
898
181
02
Bfhxers
106
Ul
88
660
78
77
101
85
01
16,547
14
40
888
160
82
80
84
10
223
140
1,086
272
104
84
4
Barbers -
9
Bliu!k<pmith4
8
Carpenters.. .
02
Clerks and copyists
Draymen and hackmen . . .
Fishermen .
10
6
14
5
Harness makers
HnnksterSx ,
18
Laborers
8,208
I/annde«*ri^
Lawyers
9
Maftons
23
10
215
98
2
114
101
884
874
16
40
Mechanics
8
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories.
167
47
4
Physicians
5
28
60
99
682
860
800
104
12
4
Printers
16
41
205
466
U6
84
Salesmen . . . x
27
10
Servants ... . x
100
Shoemakers
10
T^-ilors -
15
Teachers
16
Digitized by VjOOQIC
484 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XXXIV. — Occupations by age and mo;— Gontinaed.
PBOVmOB OF SANTA CLARA-Oontinaed.
Oocnpatioii.
TotaL
Under
16
years.
16 to 19
years.
20 to 24
years.
26 to 84
years.
86 to 44
years.
46 to 64
years.
66 years
and
over.
Bakers
Hucksters
21
1,861
8.860
66
188
2
180
666
7
84
1
886
1,060
16
18
2
826
912
16
11
12
629
729
7
12
4
Laborers ---.--,. „ . . .
m
67
8
16
196
470
6
46
170
T4<-^lT*drOIM68 L .^.
67
Merchants
Operatives, dgar factories.
SalMwomen
6
1.361
8,942
14
826
1
80
661
2
872
666
6
40
268"
366
1
91
2
806
712
2
92
189
624
8
49
1
90
867
40'
Servanttf x,,...
157
Shoemakers
Teachers
3
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
If AT.»g.
AnT>rentioe6......««.« .....
876
1,641
682
478
2,784
274
297
382
297
173
71,858
119
118
878
864
6,200
2,662
78
126
481
168
869
1,000
1,740
1,102
661
146
8
39
1,886
2,298
87
22
4
206
122
66
13
120
3
8
68
4
26
9,792
8
163
807
172
83
849
34
20
69
48
29
10,786
18
4
247
109
76
873
36
88
86
77
20
7,840
39
8
80
64
877
467
6
6
99
26
100
240
147
106
86
14
1
8
126
283
8
4
1
864
144
144
78
97
67
98
84
13,778
40
48
211
121
1.637
637
22
87
187
41
206
177
887
248
192
41
4
8
281
631
19
1
268
94
97
507
64
89
88
61
27
13.768
9
89
210
74
1,606
486
16
60
96
20
239
78
200
273
116
. 28
1
18
206
687
20
7
1
186
66
60
400
68
49
64
23
80
18,407
6
20
213
66
1,080
8g
29
86
18
166
26
238
201
79
44
1
7
374
477
34
Bsf™^::::::"!!::::::
7
Barbers
Blacksmiths..
2
7
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Draymen and nackmen —
Fishermen .
m
1
1
10
Harness makers
Hucksters
1
7
Laborers
2,637
Lannderers ..x. ............
Lawyers -
8
Masons
40
6
194
194
1
98
42
808
641
6
31
MAchanir«..
1
Merchants
Operatires, dgar factories
lOB
25
1
Physicians
4
Policemen and wA^''^Y>Tnfm
U
89
96
867
286
168
161
7
1
Printers
16
87
118
429
88
80
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Serrants
18
4
44
Shoemakers
83
Tailors
9
Teachers a..
12
FBHALIB.
Bakers -
Hucksters
8
189
81
162
294
1
8
3
68
Ijaundresses
40
Merf^hantff
6
Operatives, dgar factories
8
Printers......"
1
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
1,730
2,269
6
216
120
4U
1
1
681
808
1
89
827
169
2
68
400
848
231
886
2
84
73
660
7
Servants .
102
Bhoemakers
Teachers
63
Si
8
Digitized by
Google
OCCUPATIONS.
485
Table XXXV. — Selected occupations^ by sex arid citizenship,
PBOVINCB OP HABANA.
OocnpAtion.
TotaL
Caban.
Spanish.
Snspenso.
Other
and un-
known.
MALES.
AoDrentioeB.....
1,720
1,405
1,230
728
4.754
020
3,684
620
415
683
62,061
780
898
2,937
2,000
20,504
15,300
1,057
665
1,888
015
1,865
10.140
0,476
1.480
1,600
496
4
11
671
7,778
177
1,257
3
28
3,230
9,723
7
646
1,825
884
808
450
8,181
666
1,666
886
828
306
47,168
162
763
2,338
1,434
6.174
12,008
719
632
1,408
619
883
1,742
6,718
960
987
380
8
5T?
7,198
68
1,007
3
8
8,006
8.530
6
441
82
54
45
18
108
14
182
3
10
13
800
66
6
67
S3
27
6
21
28
48
1,064
340
66
97
9
328
659
261
215
1,253
154
1,697
129
66
221
11,071
392
68
433
305
11,160
2,607
201
47
305
238
1,884
6,965
2,382
422
605
117
1
36
SSS^
48
Bavbera
85
Bli^kBmithff
86
Carpenters
262
clerks and copyists ..
96
Prajmien andnackmen
239
Pialiermen
u
Hamees makers
Hnoksters .........
11
146
Tiaborers ,...,.,„.
3,013
Liannderers...
170
Lawyers
61
Manons
99
Mechanics
157
Merchants
1,597
Oneratives. cimu* factories .
'S
Painters r
110
Physicians
71
Pouoemen and watchmen
64
Printers
80
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants
100
878
1,027
Shoemakers
42
Tailors
61
Teaohers
40
rSMALBS.
Bakers
Hxi^kst^^rs ,
6
Laborers
i
8
8
5
62
282
62
142
41
Lanndrf»i«es
286
Merchants
60
Operatives, dirar factories . .....
13
Printers ..I
Saleswomen:
1
13
80
I
10
16
164
807
4
Seamstresses
66
Servants
207
Rboemak^rs
Teachers ...
107
88
CITY OP HABANA.
ITALBa
Apprentices
Barbers
Blacknmiths
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists .
Draymen and hackmea
Fishermen
Harness makers
Hucksters
Laborers
Lannderers.
Lawyers
Masons
Mechanics
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories
Painters
Phvsicians
Policemen and watchmen .
Printers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachera
1,424
805
927
630
3,105
730
8.100
63
346
494
16.282
633
749
2,279
1.674
15,040
11.312
036
496
1,162
843
1,048
9.326
7,473
967
1,887
«7
1.056
28
807
83
421
42
808
30
650
40
207
30
824
18
168
20
1,961
08
067
194
504
13
127
86
1.284
179
1,602
135
36
288
1
0
26
50
io
225
10
186
78
8,606
673
5,234
1,760
96
63
346
127
627
5
64
68
1,776
62
383
70
1.107
21
331
116
3,870
1,356
8,561
1,263
8.296
183
2,408
426
635
24
177
100
388
3
40
66
742
21
334
56
563
28
228
24
87
80
860
61
1.403
1,081
6,548
8U
4,224
883
2,005
^
652
52
828
86
746
87
456
40
210
7
78
88
Digitized by VjOOQIC
486 REPORT ON THK CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXXV. — Selected occupations, by sex and citizenship— CoDtiniiBdL,
CITY OF HABANA-Contlnned.
Ooonpatioii.
FEMALES.
fiAkers
Haoksten
Laborers
LatiDdresees
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories .
Printers
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
Servants
Sboemakers
Teachers
Total.
Cnban.
Spanish.
Bnspenso.
Other
andnn*
known.
8
288
5,615
131
816
8
26
2,628
7,662
5
487
8
180
5,188
40
682
8
7
2.884
6.600
4
814
PBOVINCB OF MATANZAS.
26
245
44
110
18
186
724
MALES.
Apprentices
Bakers
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Draymen and haokmen ...
Fishermen
Harness makers
Hucksters
Laborers
Lannderers
Lawyers
Masons
Mechanics
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories
Painters
Physicians
PoUcemen and watchmen .
Printers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachers
FEMALES.
Bakers
Hucksters
Laborers
Laundresses
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories
Printers
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
Servants
Shoemakers
Teachers
10
685
847
2.111
306
144
109
48,864
02
144
1.015
1.067
6.050
1,030
148
120
611
117
472
405
1,068
814
842
165
4,881
4,172
42
08
7
1
1,000
3,284
7
218
18
406
1,780
234
885
166
120
04
37,148
67
125
840
820
2,615
OOB
118
08
502
06
166
178
1,284
640
245
115
2
8
8,787
4,004
23
86
5
1
1,058
8.120
7
166
24
8
11
45
4
8
4
6
4
816
4
12
27
510
4
1
1
4
100
80
SO
100
48
67
36
10
21
2,007
11
11
52
104
2.520
- 28
15
17
n
14
160
156
136
40
60
84
31
PROVINCE OF PINAB DEL RIO.
MALES.
50
858
115
80
724
55
292
246
88
120
53,601
57
268
00
60
515
42
260
108
75
81
44.740
2
10
2
4
17
Baiers '^^:v^:::v^:::':^:::v^l::
78
22
20
144
10
80
42
8
15
7,040
2
Barbers ,
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
Clerics and copyists
Draymen andnackmen..
2
1
2
1
878
Fishermen
Harness makers
8
Hucksters..
8i
Laborers
1,884
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
487
Table XXXV. — Selected occupations, by sex and citizenHhip-
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO-Continueu.
-Continaed.
Occnpatlon.
Total.
Cuban.
Spanish.
Snspensa
Other
and un-
known.
M ALJB8— contiiined .
Laonderers
51
61
278
820
22
82
265
24
162
740
1,428
486
120
71
8
8
515
1,198
26
60
34
57
280
68
973
784
18
60
244
16
89
836
1,151
842
76
40
8
3
457
1,176
4
60
11
3
21
13
1,385
49
4
11
30
3
58
322
156
85
82
30
6
lAwyprs
i*
1
265
8
i
Masons
12
M^chftni«i . . , r -r ,
7
Merchants
205
Operatives, cigar factories
20
Painters . ......... . . ..... . .
Physicians ,
2
Poficemen and watchmen
1
Printers ..'...........
4
1
85
12
6
8
1
Sailors and boatmen ..
Salesmen ......
4
48
Servants......
104
Shoemakers ,
8
TUlors
4
Teachers
1
PBMALBS.
Bakers
Hncksters ,
Liaborers.
si
18
27
L»n»drojwen . . . ,
1
8
Merchants . ,
22
Operatives, cigar factories
1
7
1
Printers
Saleswomen
1
232
1,762
6
35
1
221
1,781
8
26
Seamatreoaefl
3
22
2
7
8
Servants ... . ... .... .. . ....
0
Shoemakers
Teachers ...... . . ... ......
3
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
MAI.RS.
Ainyrentices '
14
880
192
112
651
204
211
147
100
60
19,211
24
37
260
181
1.840
287
40
46
446
02
881
147
653
50»
130
50
1
10
97
1,669
26
1
4
18
802
m
85
566
155
110
181
100
30
16, Ig
22
80
228
102
1,060
224
81
28
886
58
296
60
864
546
HI
45
i\
80
1,616
28
1
4
1
28
11
20
71
27
88
?
7
1,660
1
4
82
18
665
6
7
4
81
8
58
62
115
42
17
U
ppKiSr .................
6
4
4
11
6
9
5
4
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
8
13
Clerks and copyists
16
Dniymen and'liackmen , ....
54
FisiTermen
2
TTamess makers .... ...
2
Hucksters
2
412
12
976
Lannderers
1
Lawyers
1
6
1
58
1
2
Masons
4
Mechanics
10
Merchants
67
Operatives, dgar factories
6
Pni?f fimi ,
2
Physicians.. . .., . .........
1
2
1
9
12
10
4
1
2
13
Policemen and watchmen
27
Printers -
Sailors and boatmen
24
Salesmen
4
Servants
64
Shoemakers . .
2
Triors
1
Teachers
1
FEMALES.
Bakin*H....
Hackisters
2
liaborers
2
8
1
6
1
9
Laundresses.-.. ...
80
Merchants .
OnArftiHvAA. nlarA.1* fiu*f^rit».
Printers. . .......
Saleswomen
Seamstresses - -
660
1,827
1
63
688
1,710
62
8
22
10
46
4
Servants
48
Shoemakers
Teachers
1
7
8
Digitized by VjOOQIC
488 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXXV. — Selected occupations, by sex and citizenship-— Continxked.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Ooeupation.
Total
Cuban.
^^anlsh.
Soqwnao.
Otter
andon-
Mnown.
MALES.
AiyDr6ntico8
365
1,106
asi
668
8,180
480
4S7
716
m
fSSO
m
163
1.186
1,037
8,430
2,460
196
186
1,188
210
1,091
8,497
1,866
628
269
818
888
600
886
878
381
497
386
148
76,084
VD
129
990
768
8.314
2.222
157
138
967
187
678
771
2,088
1608
619
187
3
??
13
66
9
10
6
1
2
880
8
2
7
9
768
18
4
6
14
4
U
184
48
18
15
3
27
216
66
184
466
68
118
180
16
38
6.675
60
13
122
157
8,2S
86
26
18
154
14
866
915
461
130
80
60
y
^^ :
43
Barbers
40
Blacksmiths
D
Carpenters
U7
Clerks and copyists ....
n
13
Fishermen
33
Hameasmakers
Hucksters
2
101
LaYv>rer<i ,- r . . . „
U,6B8
21
Lannderers -^.,.-, .^ ..r
Lawyers
^Aflons ..,.rT ,,„,..,.-
U
68
MAAh^nlAH
108
MerTrhants
1.126
187
ODeratives, cimr factories ...
PftintAr*! r . , .
9
Phy«iici#n<»
25
Poficeipen And watchiTiAn ,
68
Printers
(^
Sailorsand boatmen
187
Salesmen ,
2S
Servants
965
Shoemakers
00
Tailors
14
Teachers
10
TKMALES.
Bakers
Hucksters
21
1,861
8.«eo
188
17
1,807
"•If
136
4
Laborers
2
14
7
1
38
LauT>dre<we4 ...
86
Merchants
2
1
28
Operatives, dgar factories
Print^v
Saleswomen.......
6
1,861
8,942
14
8S5
6*
1.802
8.«»
266
1
28
87
81
Servants
5
71
Shoemakers
Teachers
3
86
28
PROVINCE OP 8ANTLA.OO.
MAL.B8.
Apprentices
Bakers
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Draymen ana hackmen
Fishermen
Harness makers
Hucksters
Laborers
Launderers
Lawyers
Masons
Mechanics
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories
Painters
Physicians
Poucemen and watchmen .
Printers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachers
376
1,541
632
478
2,784
274
297
882
297
1TB
71,868
119
U3
878
854
6.200
2,662
73
125
481
153
869
1,000
1,740
1.102
661
146
862
1.406
568
868
208
170
360
272
186
66.170
98
104
780
241
8,620
72
868
187
518
543
1,268
961
588
109
12
96
66
68
158
42
65
24
8
15
4,694
9
1
60
47
1.906
21
6
8
61
9
243
808
817
98
86
81
12
16
8
11
20
24
10
87
120
24
66
4
16
4
17
8
406
4
19
1,400
13
g
14
2
362
8
1
2
8
21
64
412
4]
12
43
9
7
18
43
42
20
8
80
21
12S
28
80
....
6
Digitized by VjOOQIC
O00UPATION8.
489
Table XXXV, ^Selected occupations^ by aex and citizenship—Contmned,
PBOVmCB OF SANTIACKV-Contlnued.
Oocnpatioii.
Totid.
CntaMi.
Spsaiah.
Sasponso.
Other
and un-
known.
Bfik^^n
8
89
§
4
7
86
1.8K
^%
2
1
Hnckntera ....,,..
4
Laborers -
8
6
1
18
80
6
1
2
18
lAnn^reoaee
71
HflTchantfi
80
Opmt^tiTett, dgur f act<ni«ff ...r.,. ......
Pinters ..l-.r...—.. -.-..
SaImwohmd
%>^m^troMei . . .^^
1,789
as
1,644
8,146
194
18
4
87
87
45
gerTATitii -^ .X ,,--,--- .-
88
BhoemakerB .-
l^ttohers
1
14
6
Table XXXYl.— Selected occupations^ by sex, literacy^ and superior education*
PBOVIKCE OF HABAKA.
Occnpation.
TotaL
Oan
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
but
cannot
write.
Oan read
and
write.
With
superior
educa-
tion.
Without
superior
educa-
tion.
AnrmmtlnMi. .... _._.... ..........,..<-
1,780
788
415
688
780
898
8.937
8,009
80,694
16.890
1067
665
1,888
916
1,866
10,149
9,476
1480
1,600
496
4
7,778
177
i.aj
88
8,889
9^788
7
646
460
478
91
188
764
141
46
86
80
111
1,189
977
1,128
686
^S
980
8,806
194
842
864
676
896
1,686
1.900
19.867
12,206
906
l,^
914
1,078
9268
4,860
1^002
1.484
4M
2
4
187
27
iS
646
2
8
14
8
86
187
10
1
2
6
878
«J
11
111
1,879
62
82
606
112
4
16
888
1,718
1^482
786
bSkw^t!!.::::::;::::;.!;..:."::::::;:
Barbers ,,..,,
BlA^ViffTTHflfl
Carpenters -
*'?S
fTlArlra and OODTifltfl
Draymen and nackmen ,
68
818
40,807
196
148
18
U
17
'•iSl
FWiermen
418
Hucksters
677
776
liannderers ^
Lawyers - -
81
MfHIOPff
1,218
98
1.117
189
U
180
499
82
2,986
Mertaanics ....... . ...xx.. ^ ..
IM
Merchants
19.815
Operatives, dgar factories
15,888
Painters.. J... 7
iS
Physicians
^
Poficemen and watchmen ...,
890
80
1
86
96
668
S
1,7%
Printers
870
Bailors and boatmen ...... ...........
84
1,888
Salesmen
9,990
Servants . ........>
9,459
1,476
Shoemakers
Tailors
tsM
Teachers
168
nMALV.
Bakers
8
6
471
475
4
Bncksters
1
18
409
7
180
u
I Aborerw
9
8
16
8
1
9
7
662
7.771
Mi^rchants
168
Operatives, otear factories.......
1,866
pSSiters!!:.!!^.!^?!?^^
'8
798'
5,701
1
886
1,000
27
8,280
Servants
9,716
Shoemakers ... . .x..... ......
7
Teachers
.
481
215
Digitized by VjOOQIC
490 BEPOKT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXXVI. — Selected oceupatioHJt, by sex, literacy , and superior education —
Continned.
CITY OP HABANA.
OocupAtion.
Apprentices
Bakers
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Carpenters....
Clerks and copyists
Draymen andnackmen
Fishermen
Hamessmakers
Hucksters
Laborers
Lannderers
Lawyers
Masons
Mechanics
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories.
Painters
Physicians
Policemen and watchmen . .
Printers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachers
FEMALES.
Bakers
Hncksters
Laborers
Laundresses
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories.
Printers
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
Servants
Shoemakers
Teachers
; Can
Total. ' "^either
read nor
write.
I
1,424
805
927
589
8,195
730 I
3.100 '
63
346
494
16,282
632
749
2,279
1,574
15.040
11.312
996
496
1,152
843
1,046
9.320
7,473
967
1,337
337
272
48
82
417
25
50
196
6,500
141
8
228
5,615
181
816
3
25
2,528
7,552
5
487
895
62
675
1,768
110
46
Can read
but
can not
write.
n»nw»«/l' ^*^ Without
iiT»a^ ; superior | superior
" -** I educa- educa-
tion, tion.
write.
116
22
21
18
77
138 {
1
10
U i
501
111
10
82
382
21
355 i
652
2.900 I
287
64
17
472
44
966
601
868
439
2,701
730
2,033
37
286
284
9.281
485
749
l,2rd
1,502
14,283
9,162
805
496
1,101
843
674
8,591
4,101
656
1,244 I
337
0
30 I
120
8
1
I .
680
4 t
606 .
'^
76 '
1,074
45
20
466
86
43
32
154
10
2
14
231
3 I
112 '
4.166
38
1
7
391
250
72
1
552
4,099
2 ..
189
843
4
109
1,058
87
494
3
24
1.787
2.610
3
487
9
2
11
•>
i
1
9
6
"aii"
1.42^
898
918
586
3.165
610
8,002
62
345
488
15.662
628
51
2.268
1,498
13.966
11,267
916
30
1,066
800
1,014
9,172
7,463
065
1,%S
106
8
219
5,613
120
814
a
24
2,610
7,546
5
146
PROVINCE OP MATANZAS.
MALS8.
Annrentices..... _ ..
19
585
347
358
3,111
306
482
242
144
193
48.364
92
144
1,015
1,067
6,950
1.030
143
129
611
117
472
405
1,968
814
342
165
4
204
65
68
672
4
26
11
11
68
11
355
271
279
1.471
306
233
70
110
92
9,622
64
144
508
869
5.784
684
108
120
434
117
238
331
626
462
303
165
19
BtteM.^::.:. ::::.:::::::::..:..::::
585
Barbers
5
3
8
61
842
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
355
2,108
245
Clerics and copyists . ...
Draymen and hackmen
230
168
28
97
38,095
28
19
4
6
4
747
482
Pishermeu . .,
242
HRmA«M makers .
8
2
309
1
132
3
397
6
5
127
23
10
4
12
3
1
1
114
141
Hucksters
191
Laborers
48,065
91
Lannderers
Lawyers
12
Masons
470
180
1,094
304
30
37
18
72
42
5
1,012
1 033
Mechanics , . . . , . ,
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories
6.553
1,0:54
138
Painters
Phvsicians
Policemen and watchmen
2
168
9
588
Printers
107
Sailors and boatmen
218
67
1.285
33
16
7
77
45
6
468
Salesmen
803
Servants
1,965
813
Shoemakers
Tailors
841
Teachers
51
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
491
Table XXXVI. — Selected occupationSy by «ea?, literacy, and superior education —
Contiiiaed.
PROVINCE OP MATANZA8— Continued.
Occupation.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
but
cannot
write.
write.
With
superior
educa-
tion.
Without
superior
educa-
tion.
FMMAL.K8.
Bfvkinv .
2
22
4.881
4,172
42
98
7
1
1,009
218
1
21
4,220
8,864
80
27
1
1
90
812
11
68
7
1
778
727
6
218
2
Hucksters
22
I^horerff ,,
2i
196
1
8
2
1
1
1
1
4,829
4,171
41
Laundresses
Mprrhantfi
Operatiyes, cifrar factories
92
Printers
6
Saleswomen
1
Seamstrwwes -.
2SI
2,282
1
75
276
2
1
1,097
8 288
8^i>^rants
Shnemakerfi
Teachers ...
126
08
PROVINCB OP PINAB DEL BIO.
MALJBS.
AiTDrentices .............
60
868
116
89
724
65
292
246
88
129
58,601
61
61
278
74
2.828
820
22
82
265
24
162
740
1,428
486
120
71
8
8
515
1.198
26
60
82
148
10
26
282
8
8
2
1
14
24
207
94
62
478
65
57
60
71
41
0,480
28
61
118
67
2,525
620
17
82
162
24
54
690
325
260
107
71
1
50
Bttew -r^.:::::::::::::::.:::::::.::::
858
Barbers
116
BlivcksmltTm - . . ,
80
Oarpenters. ..-.. ^.....
1
7
723
Clerks and copyists
Draymf^n and iia<^kinon
48
288
196
14
87
48.608
20
2
1
3
1
418
8
208
Fishermen
1
1
1
no
245
Harness makers . ,
87
Hucksters
128
Laborers...
53,382
Lanndererw
M
Lawyers . . , , .
62
0
Masons
157
7
284
270
5
8
278
Mechanics
2
124
3
1
81
7
2
72
Merchants
10
21
2,704
Operativea, cigar factories
817
Painters ... .
21
Physicians
1
Poii<^nien and watchman
112
I
258
Printers
22
Sailors and boatmen
05
140
1,075
162
10
8
10
28
14
8
162
Salesmf*n
12
3
2
728
Servants
1,420
Shoemakers
484
Tailors
120
Teachers...
35
36
FEMAI.B8.
Bakers
2
8
8
Hucksters .. . .
8
Laborers
2
618
Laundresses ...
1,048
21
24
81
114
5
41
1,108
Merchants
26
Oi>eratiy€^ cig^ar factories
4
60
Printers
Saleswomen
1
232
1,762
5
35
1
138
165
8
35
1
Reamstr^wses
80
1,650
2
io
47
232
Servants
1.762
Shoemakers ... .....
5
Teachers
22
18
Digitized by LjOOQIC
492
KKPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18W.
Table XXXVl,— Selected oceupatioru, by 9ex^ literaoy, and m/perior eduoatum^
GontmtiecL
PBOVmCB OP PUERTO PEINCIPB.
Ooonpatlon.
Total.
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
bnt
oaanot
write.
Can read
and
write.
With
snoerior
eanca-
tion.
Witboot
saperior
ednca*
tion.
AmirentioM
14
880
102
112
661
204
211
147
100
60
m
200
181
1,840
287
40
46
446
62
881
147
668
508
180
50
1
18
07
1,688
26
1
4
2
77
6
24
111
1
16
6
8
26
U
8«6
181
80
614
204
180
48
00
20
87
184
126
1,708
178
86
46
806
62
168
186
232
454
124
50
14
pJ^KST
8
2
1
6
84
17
880
Barbers -
100
BUckamiths
Oarpenters . ..
111
646
Ciorks and copyist* ........r...... r,^,..
120
DmymAn aTid bAclrmen .
66
00
7
20
7
194
piglionQ6n .....r....
147
TTi^if^Mfm raakert ...
8
6
420
1
5
104
Hookwters- - ^r-.
00
Laborers
88
19,128
Laandererff ...r
24
Lawyers r......
86
2
18
278
8
8
48
56
6
8
14
6
1
jljwyeni... ............................
68
4
128
62
2
17
1
18
7
2
987
118
Merf^hant^
1.571
Operatives, oigar factories
i»4
pjlnters...'. -
87
8
47
4
200
Printers
S7
Sailors and boatmen......
201
10
280
118
2
12
2
41
26
4
378
Salesmen
188
Servants
648
Shoemakers.
508
Tailors
5
68
126
Teaobers..
6
Bakers
1
14
71
1
Hucksters....
1
8
108
8
4
28
500
11
1
4
19
Laborers — . .. .
1
06
La!indro'*Wfi . .,......- - - r
1,689
M**rohant« . t ,..,,..--,-^ ^
26
Operatives, dgar factories
Printers ................
1
2
2
Sal^women .. ........................
660
1,827
1
68
101
1,007
8i
168
487
678
1
68
669
Servants - ... - ...........-...-..—
1
1,820
Shoemakers ,-,^-,,-,--
1
Teachers
47
16
PBOVINOE OP SANTA OLABA
Apprentices ,
Barbers ,
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Draymen and hackmen . . . .
Piahermen
Harness makers
Hucksters
Laborers
Lannderers
Lawyers
Masons
Mechanics
Merchants
Operatives, ci^ar factories
Painters
Physicians
Polioepaen and watchmen..
Printers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachers
866
1,106
824
668
8,180
480
497
716
844
280
94,623
172
163
1,185
1,087
8,480
2,460
106
186
1,183
210
1,091
2,002
8,497
1.855
628
268
*820"
16
542
82
201
20
2,216
138
486
116
46
17
241
781
8
687
1
407
2
2,416
18
489
60
210
1
211
1
296
142
20.586
260
118
1
158
187
710
8
918
12
7,408
272
1,720
4
158
2
186
179
847
19
210
8
617
9
1,772
12
1,144
9
1,246
1
666
1
909
124
866
1,106
828
661
8.167
489
406
715
844
289
04,872
171
16
1,182
1,026
8,158
2,456
194
7
1.164
207
1,082
2.080
8.488
1,864
627
146
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
493
Table XXX VI. — Selected occupations , by sex, literacy^ and superior education —
Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA— Continned.
1
Occupation. Total.
1
Can
neither
read nor
write.
Can read
bat
cannot
write.
Can read
and
write.
With
superior
educa-
tion.
Without
superior
educa-
tion.
VKMALBS.
Bakers
Hacks ters
21
1,861
3.860
66
138
i9
1,696
2.870
80
2
189
766
25
69
21
Labnrprff . . - .
26
225
1
4
1,867
3.860
MerchantJ* .*
2
64
Operatives, cigar factories
59 1 10
138
Printers
Bf^le^women ... ..... . .
6 2
1,361 386
3,942 2.726
14 4
rl
364
8
- - .
2
897
863
8
325
6
Seamstresses
1
1
1.300
Serraut^
3,9a
Shoemakers ...
14
199
Teachers
325
12G
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO.
Aimrentioes
376
1,541
632
478
2.784
274
207
382
297
173
71,868
119
113
878
354
6,200
2.662
73
125
431
153
859
1.000
1.740
1.102
661
146
8
89
1.386
2.298
87
23
4
151
714
38
110
620
23
49
7
9
82
202
T78
587
860
2.062
274
127
88
268
100
13.712
106
113
565
330
5.682
1.839
62
125
346
162
895
917
617
661
616
146
5
9
87
669
82
16
4
3
4
5
9
16
67
373
affers .!!: .:::;;:::::::::::;:::::i::::
1.687
627
Barbers
Blacksmiths
460
Carpenters
2.760
Clerks and copyists
D»*i»ymen Ann nackmen
207
164
291
26
70
67.430
20
6
3
3
8
716
4
297
Fi*iberm6n ..
382
2
295
Hucksters
178
Laborers
499
71,360
Lannderers . ..^.. .^'... ..^^* ^.^^.. ^
119
Lawyers -
99
4
662
15
3
122
13
16
21
80
6
3
14
108
14
TMf RSAns ^
276
22
485
721
11
87
2
88
92
870
Mechanics. .4
319
Merchants
6.638
Operatives, cigar factories
l\m
Painters
70
PhyslciiinB , ....... .
3
Policemen and watchmen
Printers
82
4
1
18
10
67
61
6
418
137
Sailors and boatmen
446
73
1.066
390
89
888
Saleemeit. ........... ...... ......'.
970
Servants
Sb'^nrakers . ... ...
1.736
1.099
TaUors
647
Teachers
38
FBMALSS.
Bakers
1
29
1.294
1640
60
4
2
1
4
94
6
2
8
Hucksters
1
tt
1
1
88
1.879
Iiaundr«<w»e8 . . .. .x....
2,292
Mv»rchant^
86
Operatives, cigar factories
22
Printers
4
Saleswomen ._........
Seamstresses
1.739
2.289
6
215
312
1.826
3
62
119
1.875
624
3
215
33
1
1,706
Servants
2.268
Shoemakers .
6
Teachers -
106
107
Digitized by
Google
494
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXXV il.^ Selected occupations by mx and conjugal condition.
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
OocnpAtion.
TotaL
Single.
Married.
Ldving
together
as hue-
band and
wife by
mntniu
consent.
¥nd-
owed.
Un-
known.
MAL.K8.
Apprentices
Barbers
BlackAmiths
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Draymen and nackmen
Fifdiermen
Hamees makers
Hucksters
Laborers
Lannderers
Lawyers
Masons
Mechanics
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories
Painters
Phvsiclans
Policemen and watchmen .
Printers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants
Shoemakers
Tailors
Teachers
Bakers
Hucksters
Laborers
Laundresses
Merchants
Operatives, cigur factories
Printers
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
Servants
Shoemakers
Teachers
1,720
1,496
1,2»
728
4,7M
821)
8.584
629
415
683
62,961
780
898
2.937
2,000
20.594
15,!»0
1,067
656
1,888
915
1,865
10,149
9.476
1,480
1,600
496
4
U
671
7,773
m
1,267
3
28
3,289
9,723
7
646
1,715
1,126
739
412
2,386
454
2.003
304
225
447
39.210
548
277
1.498
1,068
11.857
8,900
584
162
1,267
608
1,026
9.227
7,308
796
900
188
4
5
446
4.979
91
917
2
22
2,348
7,854
4
414
1
197
304
199
1,428
866
862
156
105
130
14,963
136
546
571
675
6.838 j
3,ni
246
448
455
229
723
665
938
862
422
4
69
879
45
111
1
214
873
1
120
1
139
158
91
40
63
89
5,206
85
22
776
162
1,063
2,145
1T3
10
101
50
52
154
1.010
221
206
17
1
105
1,796
11
57
2
876
591
8
82
38
26
288
48
104
28
22
17
3.565
^ 11
53
92
104
835
680
53
85
64
26
62
98
215
99
72
60
1
61
618
80
172
1
3
301
901
2
104
CITY OF HABANA.
Apprentices
Bakers
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
Clerks and copyiBts
Drasrmen and nackmen ...
Fishermen
Hamees makers
Hucksters
Laborers..
Lannderers
Lawyers
Masons
Mechanics
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories.
Painters
Physicians
Policemen and watchmen..
Printers
Sailors and boatmen
Salesmen
Servants ,
1,424
805
927
539
3,195
780
3,100
68
346
494
16,282
632
749
2,279
1,574
15,040
11.812
996
496
1,152
843
1,046
9,326
7,478
1.421
711
652
817
1,674
869
1,719
32
198
816
9,961
445
244
1,169
870
8,.r70
6,667
515
186
696
564
559
8,451
5,668
1
1
88
86
217
184
141
70
888
481
290
88
724
567
14
14
81
67
104
66
3,898
1,819
110
70
445
20
421
681
496
18U
4,940
779
2,478
1,768
212
168
826
8
348
74
208
46
481
22
688
151
796
851
1
10
24
11
152
88
89
8
15
9
607
7
40
56
79
651
404
46
26
84
26
82
87
159
I
7
1
2
4
4
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OCCUPATIONS.
495
Tablb XXXVII. — Selected occupations by sex and conjugal condition — Continued.
CITY OP HABANA-Continued.
Oocnpation.
I Total.
Single. Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutnal
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
contlnned.
Shoenoakers.
Tailors ,
Teachers
967
548
742
132
212
348
160
157
185
11
FKMALKS.
Bakers
Hnoksters ,
Laborers
Laundresses
Merchants
Operatives, dgar factories.
Printers
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
Servants
Shoemakers
Teachers
5,615
131
816
3
25
2,628
7,552
5
487
8
147
3,612
75
585
2
19
1,809
6,150
4
831
3
260 '
27 i
1
30
1,363
1
160
807
77
2
316
430
PROVINCE OP MATANZAS.
370
21
131
1
3
234
658
1
71
MALES.
Annrenticos .
19
585
847
358
2,111
306
482
242
144
108
48,364
92
144
1.015
1,067
6,950
1,080
143
129
611
117
472
405
1,968
814
342
166
2
22
4,831
4.172
42
98
7
1
1,000
3,284
7
218
10
415
226
202
1,086
176
243
144
70
136
31,416
63
32
540
583
4,328
601
77
30
408
80
264
382
1,600
471
177
68
2
12
2,488
2.640
21
61
5
1
761
2,780
6
122
1
Agprenwcos ........
00
74
84
624
106
126
51
37
35
7,618
0
00
106
208
1,801
226
34
88
122
22
160
8
' 84
170
01
88
70
40
60
840
10
108
36
23
30
7,584
18
1
245
140
553
150
28
0
60
4
21
5
260
130
61
3
10
7
12
100
12
0
10
5
2
1,757
2
12
34
41
267
44
i
7
25
2
18
7
24
48
13
12
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
2
Clerks and convists .
Draymen and nackmen
i
Pisliermen -.
1
Harness makers ..., r
Hucksters .......
Laborers .......
44
Laundererij , -
Lawyers
Masons
Mechanics..
1
Merchants ..
1
Painters
PhTsi^i*Tis . .... , . , ,
Poficemen and watchmen
1
Printers .. --..,^ -.
8allor»» and boatmen
Salesmen..............
8
Servants -
1
Shoemakers
TalYnTM
Teachers
VKMALBS.
Bakers
Hucksters
3
60
236
13
11
6
1,740
072
6
0
1
43
822
2
12
2
Laborers
Laundresses
2
Merchants
OneratlvM, dgar factories
Printers
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
85
48
08
326
165
170
1
40
Servant* ......
1
Shoemakers . , . .
Teachers
56
Digitized by VjOOQIC
496
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XXXVil. — Selected occupationa by sex and conjugal condition — Continiied.
PROVINCE OP PINAB DEL RIO.
Oocaimtion.
Total
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
oonaent
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
50
868
116
80
724
56
202
246
88
120
58,501
61
61
278
74
2.828
820
22
82
1J
152
740
1,428
486
120
71
3
8
616
1,108
26
60
50
261
68
61
861
2r
177
187
42
81
36.067
81
18
143
42
1,718
527
8
19
202
17
76
689
1,241
268
70
27
1
3
868
887
2
66
1
Bffire!.^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
21
219
18
50
56
31
19
11,048
7
46
56
m
02
39
6
46
29
78
88
40
88
80
14
16
94
6
61
9
20
6,147
10
2
50
6
188
90
6
1
18
11
6
2
00
4
14
11
6
9
2,215
8
1
16
4
121
27
1
Barbers
B1fi4^kffTn1trhii
Carpenters ...
Clerks and convists ....... , »- ^
Draymen and nnokmen . . , - , - , , r » . . r .
FlsHermen -r ...r.
1
Harness makers
Hucksters - -
Laborers..............
24
Launderers . ...... . -
Lawyers -
MfMi^nif
Mechanics _ , _ , , .
Me'Vrhants . .
Operatives, cigar factories
Painters
Physicians
Poficemen and watchmen »-..-^
11
2
6
14
29
14
1
6
1
Printers
Bailors and boatmen
24
8
75
66
9
1
1
Salesn^en . .^ . . . ^ - ^r -,,-,,.,,„, .- .- .
Servants
Shoemakers
55So« .:..:: ... ..::::::;:::
Teachers
FKMALBB.
Bakers
Hucksters
Laborers -
46
40
21
6
64
187
1
8
63
119
2
6
Trft^^'^reoaee
1
Merchants
Operatives, <dgar factories
Printers - -
Saleswomen................... ...... ~...
1
282
1,762
6
86
1
171
1,464
2
12
Seamfftresses
14
86
13
130
1
84
142
2
6
Servants . ............................
Shoemakers ^ ^..
Teachers
17
PBOVINCB OP PUERTO PRINCIPB.
MALES.
Aunrentices ••
14
839
192
112
661
204
2U
147
100
60
10,211
24
87
260
181
1,840
287
40
46
446
62
881
147
568
14
2U
186
50
860
104
114
?!
42
11,684
10
4
147
76
960
106
22
16
2ri
42
198
141
434
gggrirai«:e8....... ............... ......
97
42
40
199
90
76
41
26
18
5,420
6
27
n
60
761
91
15
27
156
18
188
5
67
16
U
11
46
i!
14
5
4
1,826
4
8
26
5
61
19
8
1
9
15
4
2
46
8
7
4
5
1
781
19
1
67
21
Barbers
Blackamf thff , .
Carpenters
Cnnrkfl and copyists ........ ...
Draymen and'^ackmen . . r
FisHermen
TT^rnAflff Tpakers . r .
Hucksters...
Laborers.... ....... ...............
Launderers
Lawyers
Masons
Mechan^c^
Merchants
Oneratives. cisar factories.
Painters..
pwkians
8
U
2
14
Poficemen and watchmen ^ * , -
Printers
,
Sailors and boatmen..
81
1
27
Salfwmen ..» .^. .
Servants
25
Digitized by VjOOQIC
O00UPATION8. 497
Table XXXyih—Selected occupationa by sex and conjugal condition — Ck)n tinned.
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE-Contlnaed.
Occaiwtion.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Living
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mntnal
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
known.
MAL.S8— continued.
Shoemakers.
Tailors
Teachers
FKMALB8.
Bakers
Hucksters
Laborers
Laundresses
Merchants
Operatives, cigar factories.
Printers
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
Servants
Shoemakers
Teachers
130
59
1
19
97
1,689
26
1
4
387
91
16
168
81
85
3
9
131
5
650
1,827
1
468
986
1
43
11
1
20
357
1
74
669
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA.
MALES.
Apprentices
865
1,106
824
663
3,180
489
497
716
344
289
94,622
172
153
1.186
1,087
8.430
2,460
196
186
1.183
210
1,091
2,002
3.497
1.855
628
269
21
1,861
3,860
66
138
6
1.361
3.942
14
326
354
761
517
342
1.640
2r3
226
489
222
176
62.559
122
42
594
670
4.979
1.528
99
57
875
150
622
1,967
2,868
1,121
360
106
10
1,063
2,487
21
99
6
994
3,146
12
213
1
26
21
17
185
23
14
13
8
7
4,125
5
11
63
41
276
107
6
5
43
4
42
20
64
68
39
28
3
76
385
15
22
Bakers ,
210
191
128
977
160
133
157
86
52
18.353
17
100
291
340
2,579
519
50
118
198
49
382
81
248
401
174
125
4
102
244
17
10
110
95
76
878
24
124
57
28
54
9,543
28
1
Barbers ,
Bla<dcsmitbs
Carpenters
Clerks and copyists
Draymen and hackmen
Fishermen
Hamftfw* mskers
Hucksters
Laborers
Launderers
42
Lawyers.-.-..-.
Masons
237
85
504
305
41
6
64
7
144
23
314
266
54
10
4
600
744
3
7
Mechanics
1
Merchants
2
Operatives, cigar factories
1
Painters.
Physicians --..—.
Policemen and watchmen
3
Printers
Sailors and boatmen
1
Salesmen
Servants
S hoemakers
1
3
Tailors
Teachers
1
FEMALES.
Hucksters. ...
Laborers
Laundresses .
M A1*(*1l Afl t A
Operatives, cigar factories
Saleswomen
Seamstresses
133
86
1
65
76
376
157
332
1
46
1
Servants ....
2
Shoemakers
Teachers ...
1
24662-
-32
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498
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tadle XXXyJl.-— Selected occupations hp9ex ami eof^ug<UeondUi4m — Continiied
PBOVmCB OF SAKTIAOO.
Occupation.
TotaL
Single.
Married.
Uyfng
together
as hus-
band and
wife by
mutual
consent.
Wid-
owed.
Un-
MALES.
iSS?^:;:::::::::....:. :;.:::.:.:;:
876
1,541
632
478
2,784
274
207
382
297
173
71,868
U»
113
878
354
6,200
2,652
73
125
431
163
960
1.000
1,740
1,102
661
146
8
39
1,385
2,298
87
22
1,739
2,269
6
215
875
1,064
408
282
1,401
128
152
210
187
108
41,194
91
27
412
187
8,236
1,752
88
38
245
102
469
980
1,425
605
808
58
5
24
909
1.654
44
17
8
1.845
1.884
5
148
1
280
69
TV
527
22
66
101
30
28
"1
189
49
607
407
10
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11
158
12
128
220
67
14
1
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832
888
4
1
254
146
107
672
114
75
64
73
37
12.892
20
78
244
104
2.184
484
22
76
185
82
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251
186
66
2
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81
181
28
4
1
158
58
1
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22
14
10
98
10
5
7
7
5
1,804
1
6
88
14
2S2
69
3
3
7
7
22
8
32
36
14
18
1
Barbers -
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
Clerks and coDvists
i
Draymen and hackmen
Fishermen
TTfLmAiiR makers ... ...
Hucksters,.
Laborers ...... .....
12
Ltsunderers ...... ^. . . -,
Lawyers
Masons -. t
Mechanics... .-r - -
Merchants ... . .-.- tt--
1
QoeratlTes. ciinir factories
Painters .. --
Physicians . r - -
Policemen and watchmen
Printers ,
Bailorsand boatmen
1
Salesmen - ,,-,^- .. -- .-
8
Servants
2
Shoemakers
Tailors
1
Teachers ...........
FKMAIilS.
Bakers
Hucksters .
7
68
146
11
Laundresses
Merchants
OnerfiitivAs. cispar factories
Printers ---- -
Seamstressflft - --
U6
198
119
189
1
Servants - ... .-... .
Rhoemakers ...
Teachers .. .
1
85
1
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193
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1,627
188
610
2,634
620
385
2,495
429
956
905
669
593
2.058
332
611
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512
EEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XL. — DweUinga and familie*.
[Fignres in italic are inclnded in tboae for the province or district.]
Province.
Unoccu-
pied
build-
ings.
Occupied
ingB.
Number
off am-
toa
family.
Persona FamiUflS
toa toa
dweUing. dwelling.
HftNina. ........r...... ,
6.474
1,671
6.608
4,166
1.672
9,600
8.678
68,756
t5,090
36,143
27,887
16,8%
66,306
50,218
06,467
66,795
44,739
81,197
18.746
71,616
66.210
4.4
A.f
4.6
6.6
4.7
6.0
6.0
7.2
P. A
6.6
6.2
6.8
6.6
6.6
L6
CityofHabana
t.S
Mat ansAA
1.2
PinardelRio
l.l
Puerto Principe
1.2
Santa Cliu'a
1.1
6aDtiaSr*> ' ....aax
1.1
Cuba
86,181
262.724
887.066
4.8
6.0
L2
PROVINCE OP HABANA.
District.
Unoccu-
I pied
ImUd-
I ings.
Occupied
dweU
ings.
Aguacate
Alquizar
Bainoa
Bataban6
Bauta
Bejucal
Gano
Ca«igna8
Catalina
Ceiba del Agna - —
OnaDabacoa
City of Ouanabacoa ..
Ouara
Oaines
Guirade Helena
Habana
Cityof Habana
IsIadePinoe
Jaruco
Madruga
Managua
Marianao
MelenadelSur
NuevaPaz
Plplan
Quivic&n
K^la
Salud
San Antonio de las Vegas
San Antonio de los Banos
San Felipe
San Jo66 de las LAJas
San Nicol&s
Santa Cruz del Norte . . .
Santa Maria del Bosario .
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
VeredaNueva
Tbe province
64
61
4
47
06
176
56
1
40
86
624
Uf9
18
200
208
1.770
1,671
48
00
102
86
146
46
187
11
284
177
40
48
162
83
148
106
50
67
126
27
5.474
536
1,487
308
on
021
1.048
766
180
661
888
8,672
t,66U
816
2.268
2,087
26,002
96,090
646
886
746
466
1.150
624
. 1.608
187
404
1.707
678
866
2,280
412
880
867
636
644
1.680
812
450
68.756
Number
of fam-
786
1.860
1.083
l.8»
.817
180
668
448
4,802
S,it9
826
2,478
2,807
68,006
66,793
672
m
880
618
2.010
648
1,627
188
610
2.684
620
386
2.406
. 420
056
005
660
508
2.068
882
611
Persons
toa
family.
06.467
Persons
toa
dwelling.
4.0
6.6
6.2
4.8
6.0
4.8
6.2
6.8
4.8
4.0
4.6
U.S
6.6
4.6
4.8
4.2
A.l
6.6
4.6
4.8
6.6
4.8
4.9
4.8
6.0
4.8
4.6
6.2
4.8
6.0
4.6
4.8
6.0
4.4
4.6
6.0
4.7
4.7
4.4
Families
toa
dwelling.
6.0
6.8
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.8
4.0
6.7
6.6
B.U
6.8
6.0
6.7
0.8
9.U
6.0
4.0
6.0
6.2
7.4
5.1
4.0
5.0
4.0
6.7
6.7
6.0
6.5
4.6
4.7
6.3
4.7
6.0
6.8
5.0
6.8
7.2
PROVINCE OF MATANZA8.
Alacranes ,
Bolondron
Cabezas
Canasi
Cardenas ,
Cityof CafdenoM
Carlos Kojas
Colon ,
Cuevitas
Guamacaro
Jagudy Grande
Jovellanos
Macagua
182
1.362
1,848
4.4
6.0
802
1.879
2,240
4.1
410
58
866
1.007
4.7
6.8
260
446
467
4.8
• 4.6
610
4.886
6.460
4.6
6.7
m
U,007
U,966
A. 4
6.6
101
601
716
4.4
6.8
384
2,108
2,624
4.7
5.6
146
076
1.848
4.8
6.0
208
1.123
1,376
4.4
6.8
168
1,104
1,177
6.0
6.0
268
1,634
1,857
4.1
6.0
108
064
1.107
4.6
6.2
Digitized by VjOOQIC
FAMILIES AND DWELLINGS.
513
Table XU—DweUings and famUiea— ConUnned,
PBOVINOE OF MATANZAS-Oontinned.
[Figures in italic are inolnded In those for the proTince or district.]
District
Unoocn-
pied
bnlld-
inga
Oocnpled
dwell-
ings.
Number
of fam-
ilies.
Persons
toa
family.
Persons
toa
dwelling.
Families
toa
dwelling.
Maooriges
Marti
Matansas
City of JiatanMos. .
Maximo Qomez
Mendez Capote
Palmlllas
Perico
Roqne
Sabanilla
San Jos6 de loe Ramos
Santa Ana
Union de Beyes
TheproTlnoe
191
lao
1,202
1,009
128
48
416
65
122
171
56
92
164
1,829
1.708
7,661
5,8tO
831
866
1.462
610
804
976
972
666
2,469
1.950
9,748
7,066
934
868
1.819
969
896
1,064
1,342
680
1,190
6,608
86,148
44,789
4.2
4.6
4.6
U.6
4.3
6.9
4.2
4.6
6.0
4.8
6.0
4.4
4.4
4.6
6.7
6.2
6.0
6.t
4.9
6.0
6.2
7.3
6.6
6.8
7.0
6.2
6.9
6.6
1.3
1.1
1.8
l.A
l.l
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.2
PBOVmCB OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Ar«M|T^1i|#.
170
15
26
101
289
636
119
432
6
117
22
186
76
1,321
69
17
43
8
120
867
94
1,608
433
468
989
1,158
2,573
1,408
2,430
487
360
468
1,444
660
5.706
767
406
256
2,810
1,232
2,720
i.n6
607
877
999
1,223
2,874
1.816
2,615
529
371
609
1,612
723
6,673
1,81»
849
464
286
2,470
1,858
2,866
6.2
4.2
4.4
4.9
6.0
5.8
4.8
6.6
5.1
6.0
4.8
6.5
5.0
5.8
k.9
5.0
5.2
4.0
6.0
6.6
6.2
6.8
4.9
8.2
4.9
6.4
6.6
6.2
6.1
6.6
6.2
6.2
6.7
6.5
6.7
7.6
6.6
6.9
4.6
6.4
6.2
6.6
riRhf^^Honila
Cabanas
Candelaria
Consolacion del Snr
Qnanaday ...
Guane
1 *
Qnayabal......
'^Jnliiin Diaz .
LosPalacios
Mariel
• 11
PlnardelRlo
City of Pinardel Rio
San Cristobal
San Diego delos Bafloe
San Diego de Nnnez ,
f^n J^wi y Martinez
f^nT'Ufff
Vinales ...., .^ ..............
TheproYlnoe
4,166
27,887
81,197
6.5
6.2
1.1
PROVINCB OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
CiegodeAvila
Moron ,
NneTitas
Puerto Principe
City of Puerto Principe
Santa Cruz del Sur
TheproTince
220
124
156
1,096
455
74
1,672
1,633
1,430
1.756
9,661
U,861
866
16,]
1,881
1,836
2,104
11.852
6,516
1,074
18,746
6.2
5.3
4.9
4.5
8.9
4.9
4.7
6.0
6.7
6.9
6.5
5.2
6.2
6.8
L2
L8
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
L2
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Abreus ........... .........
Caibarien
Calabazar .................
Camajnanl
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfnegos
CityofCienfuegoM
Clfuentes
Cruces
Bsperanza
Palmira
Plaoetae
24662 33
117
716
731
6.6
5.6
179
1,667
1,742
5.0
5.2
332
2,646
2,668
6.0
5.3
266
2,467
2.710
6.8
6.5
91
996
1,060
6.7
6.3
82
1,290
1,370
6.1
6.4
1,079
10,127
11,868
6.0
6.8
615
U,967
6,S71
A. 7
6.0
116
726
822
4.7
6.3
214
1,624
1,604
4.7
4.9
306
1,509
1,627
5.1
6.2
151
1,218
1,269
5.1
6.4
340
2,124
2,362
6.1
6.6
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
LI
Digitized by
Google
514
RBPORT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XL.— DtoeUtnga and /amaiet— Continued.
PBOVmCB or SANTA CLABA-OmtlBaed.
[Fiffore* in italic are inolnded in those for the proyince or district.]
District.
Quemado de Onines
SanchoVelos
Ranohneio
Bodas
BagnalaOrande
City of Saaua la Grande
San Antonio de las Vneltas
SanctiSplritus
City of Sancti Spiritus. .
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Joan de las Teras
San Juan de los Remedios...
Santa Clara
Citu of Santa Clara
Santa Isaoel de las Lsjas. .. .
Santa Domingo
Trinidad
City of Trinidad
Tsgoajay
The province
Unoccu-
pied
build-
ings.
Occnpiedl Number
dwell- of fam-
ings. Uies.
881
107
188
306
615
810
1.102
688
189
176
289
458
1,066
6iO
91
178
812
91
9,509
1.684
1,296
1,024
1,688
4,109
t,t*88
2,106
5,086
1,657
1,000
1,067
1,060
2,887
5,879
f,7W
1,704
2,064
4,671
t,l86
1,647
65,306>
1.9<0
1,666
1.116
1.788
4,513
«,7(W
2,275
5,604
a, 98$
1,065
1.114
1,134
8.136
5.646
ff,945
1.755
2,100
5.327
t,666
1.606
71.616
Persons
toa
family.
4.6
4.6
4.5
5.8
4.7
A. 7
6.6
4.6
A.5
5.0
6.8
4.9
4.7
5.0
A. 7
5.5
4.9
4.6
A.f
6.7
5.0
Persons Fsmflies
toa i toa
dwelling, .dwelling.
6.8
6.«
6.0
6.7
6.S
5.1
6.1
6.1
k.8
6.4
5.9
6.8
6.2
6.3
S.O
6.6
&0
5.8
S.l
5.9
6.5
1.2
IS
1-1
1.1
LI
I.I
1.1
1.1
1. 1
LI
LO
LI
LI
LI
i.r
LO
LO
L2
If
LO
LI
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO.
AltoSongo
Baraooa
Bayamo
Campechnela
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
Gibara
Guantanamo
Holgnin
Jiguani
Manzanillo
Ciiy of Maneanillo
Mayari
Niquero
Palma Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagua de Tanamo
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba
Ctty of Santiago...
The province ....
306
2.478
2.814
4.6
5.0
2.584
8,029
4.266
6.1
ft.6
385
3.752
8.848
6.6
6.6
104
1,140
1.277
5.8
6.4
450
1.612
1.743
6.2
6.7
680
2.068
2.180
4.0
5.2
72
251
261
4.6
4.7
840
5,327
5.730
6.6
6.0
838
5,866
6.506
4.8
4.8
375
6,087
6.467
6.8
5.7
41
1.806.
1.866
6.6
5.8
546
6,048
6.666
4.0
6.8
S30
t,9St
S.SIS
A.4
U.9
261
1,426
1,478
. 6.a
6.0
62
478
624
6.2
5.7
213
2.840
2.426
5.1
6.2
115
8,366
8.610
6.7
6.0
71
976
1.014
6.7
5.9
268
2,266
2.8U
5.0
5.2
1.008
8,024
10,292
4.4
6.7
997
7,574
9,8»
k.U
5.7
8,673
50,218
66,210
6.0
5.6
LI
LI
L8
LI
LI
LI
LO
LI
LI
LI
LO
LI
I.J
LO
LI
LO
LI
LO
LO
L8
l.S
LI
Table XLI. — Source of water supply.
[Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.}
Province.
Occu-
pied
dwell-
ings.
Cistern.
Aque-
duct.
Spring.
River.
Not
stated.
HAbAUa- ,._^ ..........
58.755
SS,OSO
36,143
27.887
15,325
65,396
50.218
27,728
988
28,260
9,417
8,536
35,968
10,713
22,338
90,657
4,067
284
8
6,921
8,284
m
384
580
3,208
8,007
8.815
2,988
ISl
1.600
17.237
8.072
13.404
36.068
4.874
City of Habana
S,010
Matanzas
933
Pinar del Rio
4m
Puerto PrluciDe
S06
RantaOlara . .. .
1.106
Santiago j
as
Cnba
282,724
130,621
41,748
17,766
74.3(B
8.S8
Digitized by VjOOQIC
WATEB SUPPLY.
515
Tablb XLI. — Source of water supply— Continued.
PEOVINCE OP HABANA.
[Fignres in italic are indoded in those for the province or district.]
DistHct.
Oocn-
^ell-
ings.
Cistern.
628
1,376
297
419
882
1.014
727
186
522
366
8,196
i,tC8
314
313
1,847
1,622
988
338
630
668
441
864
606
1,504
171
483
788
663
357
i,n8
409
855
694
808
531
1,505
296
446
Aqne-
duct.
Spring.
River.
Not
stated.
Affnaf»tf»... ...^
686
1,487
306
vn
921
1.048
766
189
661
383
3,6?i
t,66k
316
2.288
2,087
26,002
96,080
646
835
746
468
1,159
624
1,508
187
494
1,707
673
365
2,289
412
880
• 857
636.
644
1,620
312
469
g
ATquisar
8
10
11
24
1
2
2
1
103
n«fn'^
1
B»ta!7*no...,. . .
505
27
3
4
16
15
Bauta
12
B^j^cal ...
24
Cftno
10
Casignas
1
2
26
OeiUtdelAgna
18
Quanabacoa
25
18
133
8U
33
286
ask
Qoara -
z
Qnines
600
1,407
10
310
m
183
262
61
22
22
48
Qnira de Helena ,
180
HalmpA , . ,
20, n4
90,657
18
275
3,081
8,010
7
CitvofHabana
IfiladePinoe
Jamco
37
8
0
Madrnga
23
Managoa
5
196
20
57
Helena del Sur
18
NneTaPaz
48
14
46
Pipian.-^
2
Qnivican
IX
R^u^.:.. /.::::..:::::..:........:"
10
m'
"T
136
Satnd .
10
3
. 2
1
_ 1
53
4
Ban Antonio de I09 Banoe ...
369
87
San Felipe
2
San Joee de las Lajas
2
138
323
I
23
8
23
Sftn Nl4V)1ii#
25
Santa Cm B dpi Nortrft
10
Santa Haria del Rosario
Rantiago de las Vegas . .
6
29
1
6
63
Tapaste
7
Vereda Nneva ....... ...
13
The province
68,766
27,728
22,380
1,332
2.982
4,374
PROVINC?E OF HATANZA8.
Alacranes
1.362
1,879
966
445
4,305
h,007
601
2,199
976
1,128
1,104
1,534
964
1,829
1,708
7,561
5,8V)
831
366
1,462
610
804
975
972
566
892
1,244
1,663
736
120
3,094
g,7S7
595
2,168
964
789
1,098
1.003
907
1,666
1.537
3.788
3,2U7
816
362
1,379
668
609
777
953
491
851
1
3
50
12
247
320
2
i
67
Bolondron
188
13
OherrfMi , .
4
r>»iA«{
4
124
118
1
1.012
1.006
103
City of Cardenas
159
Carlos Rojaa
5
Colon
1
2
27
30
Onevitas
3
296
Guamacaro
1
10
Jagney Grande , ,
11
Jovellanos - ...
408
2
4
i6
66
02
175
S6
31
Hacagna . .......
37
Hacnriges
66
43
Mftrt^
78
84
69
31
Matanwhi
City of Matanzaa
Haximo Gnni«a5 r , . . „ ., . .
3,231
8,918
288
265
16
Hendez Capote
1
4
Pkilmillas
1
4
33
9
3
5
57
21
Perioo
9
Boqne
70
116
gabanilla
189
5
68
^
1,600
7
flan JosA de los Ramos
10
Santa Ana
1
5
Union de Reyes
i
384
9
The province
36,143
28,250
4,967
033
Digitized by VjOOQIC
516
EEPOBT ON THE 0EKSU8 OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XLl.-~S<mrce of water supply — Ck>ntlniied.
PROVINCK OP PINAB DEL RIO.
[Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.]
Distrtct.
Occu-
pied
dwell-
ings.
Cistern.
Aque-
duct.
Spring.
River.
Not
stated.
Artemisa
Bahla Honda
1,608
433
468
969
1,168
2,573
1,406
2,439
487
859
468
1.444
660
5,706
1,17«
767
406
266
2,310
1,232
2,720
1,470
148
279
660
147
145
1,307
1,418
402
149
217
216
176
1.686
247
72
"%
279
254
19
4
11
72
78
256
111
818
997
956
82
208
248
1.210
269
8,972
75
602
323
101
2,225
927
2,868
82
19
CabaniM . . . . r r ,
6
Candelaria
16
Consolacion del Norte
1
3U
1
20
13
Consolacion delSur
1
22
42
Qnanaiav ..-
60
Goane ......
45
Guayabal ............................
8
J'^i lift'* Diaz
7
LosPalacios.... ........ ....
8
Mantna
8
6
18
17
16
Mariel
•^"m
17
PinardelRio
80
City of Pinar del Rio
$S
SanCnstobal
18
San Diego delos Bafios
7
6
San Diego de Nufies
San Juan y Martinez
1
43
San Lnis 7...............
10
66
16
Vinales
87
The province .... ....... ... ..
27,887
9,417
234
680
17.237
469
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Clegode Avila
Moron
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
Citjf of Puerto Principe.
Santa Crux del Sur
The province
1.638
1,480
1.755
9,661
U,861
866
15,825
1,158
913
663
5,447
g,6SS
855
8.536
112
62
844
2,075
1,981
125
8,206
843
458
216
1,698
16
357
8,072
20
7
83
428
tS9
19
606
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA.
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camajnani
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfuegos
City of Cienfuegos
Clfuentes
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
guemado de Ouines
anchoVeloz
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua la Grande
City of Sagua la Qrande
San Antonio de las Vueltas
Sancti Spiritus
CityofSancti Spiritus..,
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de loe Remedios .
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara
Santa IsaDel de las Lajas —
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
Citu of Trinidad
Yaguajay
The province
715
1,667
2,546
2,467
993
1,290
10,127
U,967
720
1,624
1,509
1.218
2,124
1,684
1,298
1,024
1,688
4,109
i,l>88
2,108
5,086
t,6S7
1,000
1.087
1,069
2,887
5,379
«,7A5
1,704
2,064
4,671
2,185
1,647
66,396
461
846
1,787
1,953
847
1,135
8,652
sto
606
l.i49
1,823
1,001
1,886
1,879
898
966
690
669
SI
1,788
748
S17
888
617
780
2,123
3.933
1,170
1.711
574
3
1,241
35,968
139
2
21
4
2,114
M,10U
188
1,436
1,S09
1,941
l,9Si
5,921
4
1,289
99
45
25
19
2,715
S,S5U
72
86
81
18
5
27
20
1
4
1,675
898
19
208
9
1
64
269
t€7
173
89
2,019
1,909
25
8,997
102
10
606
447
106
124
1,847
f
80
63
82
178
704
262
861
46
781
887
til
806
2,186
I4S7
100
462
260
565
1,078
6
347
242
1,909
364
13,404
9
20
33
18
13
12
299
m
7
76
23
21
29
16
24
U
26
41
68
ta
11
8
10
60
98
S6
14
22
69
SO
17
1.108
Digitized by VjOOQIC
DISPOSITION OP OABBAGE.
517
Table XLL — Source of water supply — Continued.
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGK).
[Fibres in italic are indaded in those for the province or district.]
District.
Occu-
pied
dwell-
ings.
Cistern.
Aque-
duct.
Spring.
River.
Not
stated.
Alto Songo
2,473
8029
8,762
1^149
1,612
2,063
261
6.827
6,866
6,067
1,806
6,043
1,426
473
2,349
8,866
976
2.266
8.024
7,574
10
114
469
618
82
84
2
431
6
186
80
67
2.440
2.659
3.286
481
1,099
1,951
244
2.228
6,642
2.648
i;291
3,869
889
1,319
213
2,147
1427
928
2.225
632
18S
21
Baracoa
687
88
Bayamo
52
Campechuela
15
427
2
15
Cobre
19
Cristo
7
Qibara
1,818
27
8,868
610
1,487
pat
76
266
177
1,816
86
16
23
21
21
1
1,160
84
83
100
Gnantananio
82
Holgnin.... .. .......
147
Jignani
7
Manzaniilo
1,168
J, 155
17
8
a
77
2
2
96
96
79
City of Manzaniilo
f0
Mayi^
16
Niquero
2
Palma Soriano. ^
22
Pnerto Padre
36
Sagua de Tanamo
10
San Luis
23
Santiago de Cnba
7,125
7,1*5
148
CiTyo/ Santiago de Ctiba
1U7
The province
69,218
10,713
8,284
8,815
36,068
838
Table XLII. — Disposition of garbage,
[Pignres in italic are included in those for the province or district.]
Province.
Occupied
dwellings.
City.
Private.
Bum.
Not
stated.
Habana
CHty of Habana
Matanzas.
PlnardelRIo
Puerto Principe. . .
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
68.765
25,080
36,143
27,887
16,826
66,896
69,218
32,168
t»,768
18,767
8,776
4,980
18,617
15,026
16,648
U8i
13,681
22,992
8,079
22,677
4,260
262,724
6,978
S29
7,841
626
6,779
23,028
39,106
84,355
2,966
904
494
487
1,176
6,858
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
District.
Occupied
dwellings.
City.
Private.
Bum.
Not
stated.
Agnacate . ........
636
1.487
3118
977
921
1,043
755
189
651
883
3,672
2,m
816
2,268
2,087
26,002
96,080
546
886
746
468
1,159
624
267
6
271
1,378
174
289
521
160
446
61
283
318
749
180
94
1,618
1,160
949
t^
342
672
832
820
160
198
8
Ahinizar .... .■.^-
1
133
248
26
6
153
187
100
84
639
188
213
556
4
499
St9
185
48
107
108
BftTnoa .,. -..,---
1
Bataban6
470
862
864
20
Banta
Bejucal
12
24
Cano
L56
Casiguas ........
1
Catalina...
Ceibadel Agua
134
34
31
Qnanabacoa ^ ...
2,063
f,060
61
686
23,023
f«,75S
8
109
290
141
832
221
City of Guanabacoa ..............
186
Ouara.
8
Gttinee
48
Guira de Helena
228
HaWna
1,631
City of Habana
IMl
IsladePinos -
11
Jaruco
6
Mad ruga
ManaiTua
16
7
Mnrianao
119
406
48
Helena del Sur
18
Digitized by VjOOQIC
518
BEPOBT OK THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XLll.—Disposition of garbage— Coniinued,
PROVINCE OF HABANA-Continned.
[Figures in italic are included in those for the province or distriot.]
District.
NeuvaPaz
PipUn
Qiiivic4n
Kegla
SaJud
San Antonio de las Vegas.
San Antonio de los Banos
San Felipe
San Jos6 de las Lajas
banNicoUs
Santa Cmz del Norte
Santa Maria del Hosario .
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
VeredaNneya
The province
Occupied
dwellings.
1.508
187
494
1,707
578
885
2,280
412
880
857
638
544
1,680
312
450
58,755
City.
2
1,600
82.163
PHvate.
370
372
4
563
313
866
260
285
550
247
307
1,888
132
433
16,648
Bom.
1,172
185
107
20
1
48
0
147
550
282
377
118
158
m
16
6,978
Not
stated.
47
2
13
U4
0
4
85
2
85
25
U
6
64
7
10
2,966
PROVINCE OF MATANZAa
Alacranes
Bolondr6n
Cabezas
Canasi
C&rdenas
Cityof Cdrdena* . .
Carlos Kojas
Col6n
Cnevitas
Guamacaro
Jttgttey Grande
Joveilnnos
Macagna
Macuriges
Marti
Matanzas
City of Matanzcu . .
Maxim o-G6mez
M^ndez Capote
Palmillaa
Perico
Roqne
fcJabanilla
San Josd de Ioh Ram(»
Santa ^na
Qni6n de Reyes
The province —
1,362
1,879
986
445
4,306
U,007
601
2,109
976
1,123
1,104
1,684
964
1,829
1,708
7.561
S,8»}
831
366
1,462
010
804
975
972
565
208
745
141
3.2D5
3,167
840
177
84
721
650
5,332
277
144
311
40
70
540
36,143
13,767
475
914
417
140
643
S76
300
722
712
700
809
426
349
727
1,878
1,171
SOi
401
142
1,025
216
546
545
13,631
610
207
565
147
138
S70
206
560
80
80
101
856
578
410
235
840
179
137
280
271
74
125
422
727
167
107
7,841
00
13
4
8
100
10k
5
78
7
11
10
32
37
83
06
218
fOO
16
4
21
0
08
6
10
5
9
804
PROVINCE OP PINAR DEL RIO.
ArtemisA ,,.,,,,., ^ ,
1.608
433
468
989
1.158
2,673
1,406
2,430
487
369
468
1.444
660
6,706
i,m
767
408
255
2,310
hZVi
2,720
485
1,009
327
262
974
1,144
2,217
415
2,366
3U
352
280
1.304
323
4,510
51
650
330
225
2.288
1,018
2,621
17
87
n4
32
Bahia Honda
19
Cabaiias
86
6
Candelaria . . . - ..
15
Cons61aci6n del Norte
u
Cons61aci6n del Sur
268
942
67
2
27
41
GnanaJav . ... -
49
Guane ». -
66
Guayabal -- -
140
3
Julian Diaz .. . - . ,, ..
7
Los Palacios
167
9
34
118
17
8
M&ntua
16
Mariel
202
1.088
1,088
196
64
17
Pinar del Rio
82
City of Pinar del Rio
55
San Cristobal
San Diego de los Bafios
8
18
14
San DieflTO de Nnfiez
29
1
San Jnan y Btartinez
47
San Luis. .....
148
50
61
16
Vifialee
88
The province
27.887
3.770
22,092
625
404
Digitized by VjOOQIC
DISPOSITION OF OABBAOE.
519
Tablr XLII, ^Diapantion of garbage — Continaed.
PEOVmCB OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
[Figures in italic are inoladed in those for the province or district.]
District.
Ciego de Avila
Mor6n
Nneyitas
Puerto Principe
City of Puerto Principe
Santa Cruz del Sur
The province
Occupied
dwelungs.
1,683
1,430
1.756
9,651
h,861
856
16,325
City.
204
270
4,497
A,AP7
4,060
Private.
755
810
365
1,100
111
40
3,070
Bum.
655
612
1.070
3,640
SO
7se
6,770
Not
stated.
10
8
82
406
905
487
PEOVINCB OF SANTA CLARA.
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartagena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfuegoe
City of CienfuegoM
Cifuentes
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
Quemadoe de OCUnes
RanchoVelos
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua la Orande
City of ScMua la Orande .
San Antonio de las Vueltas. .
Sancti-Spiritus
City of Sancti'Spiritut , . .
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando ^
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Remedion . . .
Santa Clara
Citu of Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas —
Santo Domingo
Trinidad.
City of Trinid(td..
aja]
Yaguajay
The province .
57
376
1,117
1.278
84
237
1,087
267
872
502
768
210
1,066
025
787
106
473
1.442
S95
1,713
1,281
SOS
878
63
388
650
1,000
89
554
1,358
740
lUl
1,400
28,677
140
1.800
860
806
800
3,450
97
106
710
721
743
610
626
588
680
802
648
itu
218
1,536
106
1,016
1,116
S57
060
888
2,297
559
221
23,026
10
23
80
16
13
166
146
59
7
24
23
21
28
16
28
16
25
167
£8
58
57
U
13
8
12
51
96
57
18
22
69
SO
17
1,176
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO.
Alto Songo
2,473
3,020
3,752
1.140
1,612
2,063
251
6,327
5,866
6,067
1,808
6,043
2,98:
1,426
478
2.840
3,865
076
2,265
8,024
7,57U
311
10
310
68
851
400
1
658
242
477
124
121
56
283
14
1.t6
310
2
288
111
111
2,141
3,106
2,7n
1,063
1,186
1,644
242
3.801
4,187
4,m
1,678
2,048
62
1,073
200
2,171
2,737
064
1,510
853
m
21
Baracoa -
776
600
88
Rayamo r , . . , r --.-.,-,
58
Campechuela ,,.,.,
18
Caney
110
16
Cobre -
10
Criato
8
Oibara
770
1,346
761
08
Guantanamo
81
Holguin....
75
Jiguani
6
2,834
S,83U
56
158
140
City of Mansanillo
SO
Mayan
14
Niguero
2
F^lina floriano ,t, ,-
22
Puerto Padre
261
88
Sagua do T&namo
10
Sam Luis
430
6,015
t;,9i5
23
Santiago de Cuba
City of Santiago de Cuba
146
The province -.
59,218
15,088
4,260
39,106
826
Digitized by VjOOQIC
520
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XijDI,—I>i8po9ition of excreta,
[V\gnre« in Italic are included in those for the proyinoe or district]
Province.
Occnpied
dwellings.
Cesspool
Sewer.
None.
Not
stated.
Habana
City of Hctbana
Matansas
Pinardel Rio
Puerto Principe . . . .
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
68.756
95,090
86.143
27,887
15.826
66,896
69,218
29,8B8
10,866
17.617
6.663
6.0M
80,780
20,809
12.189
If, 015
843
20
11
475
166
12.684
610
16.762
21,606
8.770
82,200
87,267
262,724
110,6
18.644
129,246
4.000
1,6U1
1,021
701
600
i.oas
896
9,140
PEOVINCE OP HABANA.
DistHot.
Occnpied
dwellings.
Cesspool
Sewer.
None.
Not
stated.
Agnacate ......p..... ......
686
1,487
806
977
921
1,048
756
189
551
888
8,672
t^m
816
2,268
2.087
26,002
ts.oso
546
885
745
468
1,169
624
1,696
187
494
1,707
578
865
2,289
412
880
857
686
644
1,620
812
459
844
580
51
618
454
880
288
61
220
109
2,417
2,119
194
1.489
776
11,889
10,866
211
288
466
120
997
875
722
185
869
1.552
185
116
1,600
257
894
881
280
273
1,886
82
188
1
21
678
266
815
462
168
860
170
Amnizar
234
Bainoa - -. ... .......
1
3atabano r
18
2
1
26
Banta
13
Bejncal
44
Qiuxo - ....
157
Casignas
128
Catiklina -
274
246
1,017
«7
116
718
928
968
610
819
545
82
841
100
158
687
57
Ceibadel Agoa
20
OnanftbacoA ^ a^.
17
IS
231
City of Ouan<zb<icoa ............ ..
185
Qnara
6
Guinea ........................
7
1
12,029
18,018
5
1
54
Ouirade Meleua
33S
flabana ..r ....r^....
1.631
Cityof Habana
1,5U1
Tff1f^<iePfnn«
11
Jamco
6
Madruga ..
197
Managua
Ifarianao
1
28
1
2
6
89
MelenadelSnr
90
Nueva Pax , ^ , n , -
237
pipian
2
Quivlcan..^.... .^.^^
112
26
879
241
093
158
451
445
893
264
280
270
809
13
fiegla
11
118
8amd .•
9
San Antonio de las Vegas ...
San Antonio de los Banos
4
5
4
91
SanFelipe
2
Ban Jose de 1iui Tiaias . . ..
86
Ban Nicolas
2
2
1
1
8
1
29
Banta Cruz del Norte
11
Santa Maria del Rosario
6
Santiago d© las Vegas
68
Tapasto .".
7
Vereda Nueva . ,
11
The province
58,755
29,802
12,189
12,684
4.000
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
Alacranes......
1,362
1,879
066
446
4,896
A, 007
601
2,109
976
1,128
1,104
1,584
964
1,829
1,708
7,561
5,890
871
764
216
147
8,548
8,605
175
1,424
811
857
291
1.016
182
809
231
4,900
U,596
7
4
913
1,097
053
294
607
966
419
737
657
750
799
3S3
744
986
1,441
1,787
U9
71
Bolondron
14
f^bezas , ., .
U8
Canasi
8
134
199
1
1
Cardenas
lU
Citu of Cardenas
107
Carlos Rojas.... -
6
Colon.
88
Cuevitas .. .... ,.
1
6
8
6
7
Ouamacaro , , . ,
10
Jamiev Orandft
11
Jovellanos
120
MacagUA
88
Macuriges
84
Marti.
5
048
6UU
81
Matanzas
28S
City of Matanxaa
908
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DISPOSITION OF EXOKETA.
521
Table XhlII,'--Di8po8ition of excreta^Contmned,
PROVINCE OP MATANZAS-Contlinjed.
[Fiffures in italic are inolnded In thoee for the province or district.]
District.
Maximo Oomez
Mendez Capote
PalmUlas
Perico
Roqne
RabanUla
San Joee de IO0 Ramos
Santa Ana >
Union de Reyes
TbeproTinoe
Ooenpied
dwellings.
881
966
1,46S
610
804
975
972
665
86,148
Cesspool.
467
886
185
888
411
84
680
17,617
Sewer.
843
None.
5:24
317
965
215
576
580
548
470
800
16,762
Not
stated.
16
4
23
10
91
7
11
5
9
1.021
PROVINCE OP PINAR DEL RIO.
ArtemifPA ...... .................. .t..,,..
1,606
488
468
989
1,158
2.573
1406
2,439
487
369
468
1,444
660
6,706
1,179
767
406
255
2,310
1232
2,720
647
188
50
821
69
434
984
81
161
111
110
48
308
1,144
1,106
136
49
8
289
188
243
2
810
226
410
606
1.074
2,097
376
2,311
322
241
365
1,372
835
4,454
tl
613
322
246
1,974
1,021
2,437
144
BnbiR Honda , - „ , , ^ , . „ , _ _
19
Cabanas ^
Cand^laria
2
6
60
Consolacion del Norte
1
1
14
Consolacion del Snr...
41
Qnanaj A7
49
Guane
47
Qnayabal
1
8
Julian Diaz
7
Los Palacioe
8
Mantua ....
1
23
Mi^rioi
22
Pip^r 4lt»1 Fin
9
S
1
1
99
City of Pinar del Rio
tti
SanCnstobal
18
36
San Dif^go de Nunez
1
San Juab y Martinez
San Luis
1
46
23
Vinales
40
The province
27,887
5,563
20
21,606
701
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Ciegro de Avila
Moron
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
City of Puerto Principe
Santa Cruz del Sur
The province
1,683
1,430
1,756
9.651
U,861
856
15,325
800
1,286
8,769
5,575
212
6.044
1,082
1,121
481
5,465
l,i68
621
8,770
19
9
416
217
500
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA.
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camajuani
Cartaffena
Cejade Pablo
Cienfuegos
City of Cienfuegos
Cifuentes
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Plaoetas
Quemado de Ouines
Rancho Veloz
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Saffua la Qrande
City of Saoua la Grande
San Antoinio de las Vueltas.
715
1,667
2,546
2,467
993
1.290
10,127
4.Ptf7
726
1,624
1,509
1,218
2.124
1,684
1,298
1,024
1,688
4.1U9
t,U88
2,1U8
846
3
356
10
1,276
14
335
42
585
8
1.922
81
1.056
3
1,383
25
213
1
765
14
386
4
817
83
6.487
213
3,328
149
U,69i
too
11!
6S
295
4
116
811
1,174
6
419
25
864
5
1,117
23
851
2
842
23
830
5
1.259
80
312
5
1,350
17
239
8
1.032
24
595
3
310
107
759
4
897
28
2,850
117
841
801
«,f55
105
m
54
400
1
1,638
56
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522
BBPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablb XLni. — Diapotition of exere/a— Con tintied.
PBOVmCE OF SANTA CLARA-Contiiined.
[Figures in italic are indadad in thoee tor the province or distriet]
District.
Occnpied
dwellings.
CesspooL
Sewer.
None.
Not
sUted.
Sancti Spiritns
City of Sancti SpirituM
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando. w
San Jnan de las Yeras
San Jnan de los ReniMdios
Santa Clara
City of Santa Clara . . .
Santa Isabel de las Lajas .
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
Citv of Trinidad
Yagnajay
The province
5,085
g,687
1,000
1,057
1,060
2,8b7
6,879
f,7A5
1,70«
2,064
4,571
2,186
1,547
2,40
110
247
160
1,57»
2,185
1,073
075
540
2.606
a, lot
717
13
2,638
A57
878
818
887
087
8,028
S90
708
1.884
1,886
51
806
56,885
30,780
476
32,208
12
8
13
ftl5
121
£0
15
88
74
SO
21
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO.
AltoSongo
Baracoa
Bayamo
Campecbnela ,
Caney
Cobre
Cristo
Oibara
Onantanamo
Holgnin
Jiguani
Manzanillo
City of MantaniUo
Mayairi.
Niqaero
Palma Soriano
Puerto Padre
Sagna de Tanamo
San Luis ,
Santiago de Cuba
City of Santiago de Cttba
The province
2,478
3,828
3,762
1,148
1,512
2,053
261
6.827
5,865
5,067
1,806
5,043
t,98i
1.425
473
2,348
3,856
875
2.266
8,024
7.^74
60,218
348
770
632
383
486
178
151
2.166
2.362
1,322
185
2.854 ,
«,7S7 I
80
167
257
708
226
510
7,045
7,045
20,888
156
2.108
3,111
3,163
800
1,005
1,856
88
3.087
3,352
4,506
1,505
2,861
ISt
1,318
811
2,068
2,511
704
1,528
730
87,257
42
65
15
15
20
7
lOB
131
70
6
85
Xt
17
2
M
88
47
24
170
169
805
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AGBICULTUBE. 528
AGRICULTURE.
The statistics of agriculture were collected by the enumerators of
population on special schedules prepared for the purpose. Much
difficulty was experienced in visiting the farms and plantations, and
more in obtaining the information required, as many of them had been
abandoned since early in the war, and the occupants of others knew
but little of the metes and bounds of the area under cultivation
or the amount uncleared. Inquiries of neighbors, such a prolific
source of rural census facts in closely settled communities, could not
be made where neighbors did not exist, or where they were inaccessi-
ble because of impassable streams and ravines. In many instances
the enumerators were compelled to travel miles beyond ordinary
limits, only to find devastation and uninhabited ruins. Another cause
tending to complicate the schedules and pervert the facts was the
large number of small parcels into which many of the farms and plan-
tations had been divided, so as to avoid the taxes levied even on the
smallest subdivision ($5), and the relatively large number of tenants
or owners whose occupancy was purely nominal or temporary, and
who were unable to answer questions. However, by dint of perse-
verance these and other difficulties were surmounted, and the sched-
ules were all I'etilmed, though many of them were more or less
defective.
Cuba is essentially an agricultural country, and prior to the last war
there were nearly a hundred thousand (90,960) plantations, farms,
orchards, and cattle ranges, valued at 220,000,000 pesos ($200,000,000).
Of manufactories there were practically none, if we except the cigar
factories and the sugar mills, producing raw sugar, molasses, and
rum.
In early colonial days the principal industry was cattle raising,
very little attention being paid to agriculture for two hundred and fifty
years after the settlement of the island.. The chief agricultural prod-
ucts of Cuba are sugar, tobacco, and fruit, although the cultivation
of oranges for exportation has been generally abandoned since the
development of orange cultivation in Florida and California. Very
little more coffee is cultivated than is required for home consumption,
although it was once a promising industry. The soil and climate of the
eastern provinces are well adapted to the growth of the coffee berry and
it is said to equal in flavor the best coffee of the West India Islands. No
doubt coffee culture will again be revived and extensively developed,
and we may expect in Cuba a rival in the cultivation of oranges,
limes, lemons, olives, pineapples, cocoanuts, and many other fruits,
and all kinds of vegetables, the latter being of almost perennial
growth, as in California, where one crop succeeds another.
Oranges will grow everywhere, and are unrivaled in flavor, deli-
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524 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
cacy, and the amount of jiiice. While the banana is also found in
nearly all parts of the island, the largest and best banana farms are
said to be in Puerto Princii)e and Santiago, where, before the last
war, they were raised in large quantities and shipped to the United
States.
Of all her agricultural products the leading ones, and those on which
the wealth of Cuba has mainly depended, are sugar and tobacco.
SUGAB.
Velasquez, the first lieutenant-governor of Cuba, is said to have
introduced the sugar cane in 1523, although its cultivation was quite
limited for many years. At the close of the seventeenth century,
with a population in the neighborhood of 50,000, Cuba had 100 sugar
plantations, with an average product of about 100 tons each.
The removal of trade restrictions which followed the British occu-
pation of the island, and the successful prosecution of the slave
trade, gave an impetus to the production of sugar, which in 1817
amounted to about 70,000 tons. In 1830 this had increased to about
90,000 tons, in 1840 to 200,000 tons, and in 1850 to 300,000 tons, or
about one-fourth of the largest crop produced since.
In the meantime many improvements had been made in the mode of
culture of cane and the manufacture of raw sugar by the use of steam
power and the introduction of machinery of all kinds, including fur-
naces, clarifiers, cane carriers, and railroad engines and cars, and miles
of track through the fields for the transfer of the cane to the mills.
With the removal of excessive duties and trade restrictions of all
kinds, further improvements will no doubt be introduced, and in
this way the cost of cultivation sensibly diminished.
Sugar cane is reproduced from cuttings, and takes about 18 months
to mature. If the roots are not damaged in harvesting, the yield will
continue from 5 to 25 years, and Humboldt mentions a cane field
on the Matamoros plantation which, in 1804, had been planted 45
years.
The crops vary from forty to one hundred and twenty thousand arrobas per
caballeria, or from 12 to 50 tons per acre, and the cane contains from 18 per cent
sngar in December to 18 per cent in March and April, so the aim is to begin the
cutting as late as practicable. The grinding season lasts from December 1 to
May 15. Very little manuring has been done, and but few fields are thoroughly
cleaned, plowed, and prepared for the cane. No irrigation works exist, and no
trials have yet been made to determine the kind of cane best suited to the soil and
climate.'
As showing the effects of the recent war and the present state of
sugar cultivation in Cuba, the following extracts from a report on the
commercial and industrial condition of Cuba made by the Hon.
Robert P. Porter, special commissioner from the United States to
' Report of the British consul-general at Habaua, in Clark's Commercial Cuba.
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AGMOULTUBE. 525
Cuba in 1898, are presented as being practically a history of sugar
production in the island. Mr. Porter had ample opportunity to
investigate the subject, and the statements embodied in his report are
from persons of wide experience in the cultivation and manufacture
of sugar.
Mr. Porter says:
With millions of acres of the richest and best cane land on the globe yet
nntonched by the plow, with a climate onsnrpassed for the growth and develop-
ment of sugar cane, and with a prestige for Cuban sugar second to none in the
markets of the world, the future of Cubans sugar presents a possibility of wealth
surpassing the richness of the gold and silver which came to Columbus in the
marvelous tales of the interior of the magnificent island which he had discovered.
Recurring to the effect of the rebellion of 1895-1898 on the sugar industry, it is
appalling to contemplate the dreadful decrease in the country's chief source of
wealth and income to the government, as well as to the individual. In 1894 the
output was 1,054,214 tons, and the following year, under the first touch of war
and its alarms, the crop dropped off 50,000 tons, though it remained still above
the million. This was the second year in Cuban sugar history that the million
mark was passed. In 1896 the war was raging all over the Island, and with the
Spaniards on one side taking men and cattle and the insurgents on the other
burning cane and buildings and stealing stock, the sugar planter was utterly
obliterated in some sections, and so badly crippled in others that the output
reached only 225,221 tons—the lowest figure known in fifty years. Nor was this
astonishing decrease a matter of gradual accomplishment, permitting the country,
the business, and the people to accommodate themselves to the changed conditions,
but it happened almost in a night, and an income from sugar of $80,000,000
a year dwindled on the instant to $16,000,000, a loss of $64,000,000 at once as the
result of Spanish mismanagement.
As a cane-sugar producing country, nature has made Cuba superior to any com-
petitor which may appear; but all sugar does not come from cane, and since 1840,
when the first record of beet sugar appeared, with 50,000 tons for the year's out-
put for the world, as against 1,100,000 tons of cane sugar, about 200,000 tons of
which was raised in Cuba, the sugar growers of the island have had their only
dangerous rival. Beginning with the small production of 50,000 tons in 1840,
principally grown in France, the beet-sugar production increased rapidly in
Europe, reaching 200.000 tons in 1850, 400,00(V tons in 1860, 900,000 tons in 1870,
1,860,000 tons in 1880, and in 1894 going to 8,841,000 tons. Cane sugar in the mean-
time only increased from 1,100,000 to 2.960,000 metric tons. Cuba in 1895 only
produced 100,000 tons less than the world's entire output of all kinds of sugar in
1840. The total output of beet and cane sugars in 1893-94 was 6,801,000 metric
tons. The United States in 1894 produced 272,838 tons of cane sugar, 20,219 tons
beet sugar, 894 tons sorghum sugar, and 3,408 tons of maple sugar.
With the growth of sugar production in Cuba have come newer and better
methods; and whereas in 1825 the largest plantations rarely exceed 1,500 acres in
extent, producing only 350 tons per year, with a total value of land, buildings,
machinery, stock, and slaves, of, say, $500,000, with aggregate revenue of, say,
$60,000, and expenses of $30,000, leaving a profit of $30,000. In these later times
there are plantations of 25,000 acres, representing an investment of $2,000,000,
with an annual revenue of $1,000,000, expenses, say, of $800,000, leaving a profit of
$200,000 per year. Contrasting the earlier figures with these later estimates, a
profit of 10 per cent is shown in 1894 as against 6 per cent in 1825.
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526 BEFOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899,
Statement of Mb. £. F. Atkins.
The total output of sugar in the world was for some years in excess of the require-
ments for consumption. This overproduction, and consequent accumulation of
stocks, brought prices down to a point which, in all probability, was considerably
below the average cost of production.
Germany, as the largest sugar-producing country, naturally fixes the market
prices of the world. The refiner in New York will pay no more for sugars to be
8hipi>ed from Ebibana than the equivalent of the price at which he can buy at
Hamburg; difference of freight, duties, bounties, and quality, of course, considered.
The present average cost of production of German raw sugar is said to be about
9 shillings per 1 12 poun4s. At this figore the existing bounty upon exports would
allow sales for shipment to England, where no duty is paid, as low as 8 shillings
($1.71 ) per 1 1 2 pounds for 88 analysis beets; this, allowing for difference in values of
the two grades, would be equivalent to $1.89 United States currency for 96 test Cuba
centrifugals under like conditions, viz, f. o. b. at port of shipment, for any country
such as England, where the two grades enter upon equal terms.
The effect of our countervailing duty assessed upon bounty-fed sugars under
the Dingley act of 1897 has been to raise the comparative value of cane sugar in
producing countries as against beet sugar, and to place Germany and other
European sugar countries in exactly the same position, as far as the United States
market is concerned, as if no bounties were paid by them; thus, in considering
Germany's competition with Cuba in the United States market « we may eliminate
both bounties and countervailing duties as factors and say that when Oermany
can sell to EiUgland at 8 shillings she niust obtain 9 shilling!^ from the United
States to give her shippers an equal price; 9 shillings is equivalent to about $2.18
United States currency, for Cuba centrifugals. 96 test f . o. b. Cuba.
The export price of German sugar at Hamburg from January 1 to June 1, 18d8
(a period covering the Cuban sugar crop season), ranged from i)s. to 9s. 9d., with
an average of about 9s. 4^d.
Last crop prices gave the Cuban manufacturers an average of about 4i reals
per arroba— say, 2i cents Spanish gold— a price at which they could be laid down
in New York, slightly under the parity of European beets, duty paid.
The imports of beet sugar from Europe into the United States from January 1
to June 1, 1898. were 22,000 tons, against 4il6.000 for same period of previous
years, while imports of cane sugary showed an increase of some 60.000 tons, this
change in source of supply being brought about by the countervailing duty.
It is not possible to give any figures of the average cost of production in Cuba.
In my opinion it is undoubtedly higher than the average of Gtomany.
Of the 2i cents net obtained by the Cuban manufacturers the cane (which is
generally purchased upon its sliding scale lased upon the current value of sugar)
costs them from 1 to U oents per pound of sugar, according to yie'd at various
factories. This would leave them but a little over 1 cent per pound average
margin to cover manufacturing expenses, salaries, maintenance and repairs,
office expenses, interest, insurance, and freight to seaboard; and .while some facto-
ries, thoroughly equipped as regards machinery, skillfully conducted as to busi-
ness management, favorably located regarding inland transportation, and not
dependent upon borrowed capital, have shown fair interest returns upon capital
invested, very many have been operated at a loss, aside from such losses as arose
from the war. and the margin of profit, both past and prospective, is not such as
invite any large investment of new capital in sugar manufacturing.
The future values of sugar in Cuba are dependent, not upon the cost of prodao-
tion in that island, but rather upon the cost in Germany and to the extent to
which free sugars are to l)e admitted into the United States from the Sandwich
Islands, Porto Rico, and the Philippines.
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AGRICULTURE.
527
With new capital and skill the average coet of prodnction in Cnba can be rednced,
and with either free sugars or a uniform rate of duty in the United States assessed
upon all sugars (a countervailing duty to offset foreign bounties always main-
tained) , she can hold her own and recover her prestige as a sugar-producing coun-
try, but the margin of profit in sugar manufacturing is so small and the world's
capacity for production so great that Cuba can not recover her prosperity in the
face of any advantage to be given to sugars from other countries entering the
United States.
At current prices in Cuba, cane is worth to the planter the equivalent of $2
($2.50 i>er net ton), out of which price he must pay for his planting and cultiva-
tion, cutting, and delivery to the factory or nearest railroad point. As the cost of
cane production consists almost entirely of labor and wages in Cuba, and for some
years previous to the insurrection ranged about the same in Si>ani8h gold as similar
work commanded in the United States, the profits in this branch of the industry
have not been great, and have been dependent upon skill in management, quality
of lands, and proximity to the factories.
The supply of labor and rates of wages in the future are now most serious ques-
tions to the sugar producer in Cuba, and present the greatest obstacle to reducing
coat.
For supplies of cane the manufacturer must depend either upon his own
resources or upon large planters.
Factories to be operated at a profit should be kept running day and night, and
cane, owing to its nature, must be ground immediately it is cut.
The grinding season in Cuba is limited to about one hundred and twenty work-
ing days, and small farmers, while they can generally find a market for their cane,
can not be depended upon for a constant regular supply.
Had Cuba the power to dictate her own prices she could maintain sufficient
margin to overcome local difficulties, but that power has long since passed and
future profits must be dependent upon her economies.
The price of cane to her planters is dependent upon the price at which her man-
ufacturers can sell their sugar, and this price in turn is dependent upon the figures
at which other sugar-producing countries (principally Germany, the great factor
in the world's sugar trade) can place their goods, duty pa'd, in New York.
If Cuba in the future should have to compete to any extent in the United States
with free sugar from other countries, while a duty waa exacted upon Cuban
sugars, her case would seem to be hopeless.
STATEMENT OF MR. WILLIAM BONNET, OF HABANA.
It was only after the loss of Mexico to Spain that Cuba began to improve her
general production, and the efforts of the country in growing sugar and coffee
were so successful that a few years later, vnth the help of slaves that were again
freely brought from Africa, and with the cooperation of immigrants that had
come from Haiti, etc., the island, besides covering all her expenses, was able to
send large amounts of money to the mother country.
From 1840 up to 1850 the production of sugar increased gradually from 200,000
to about 300,000 tons. Prices of coffee began to decline, owing to excess of pro-
duction and competition of Brazil, and all the attention was given to cane grrow-
ing, so much so that from 1853 up to 1868 the production was rapidly increased to
the following figures:
Year.
Tous.
Year.
Tons.
Year.
Tons.
Year.
1866
1866
1867
1888
Tons.
1813
888,000
874,000
398,000
1857
855,000
385,000
636,000
447,000
1861
466,000
685,000
607,000
575,000
., 620.000
1854
1858
1868
612.000
1856
1850 :
1868
597.000
18M
348,000
1
\ 1860
1864
740.000
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REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
This period of sixteen years was really the so-oalled golden age of Gnba. The
Cuban people budgets, although very heavy at that time, were easily covered, and
on this account extra taxes were imposed upon the Cuban people in excess of
what the budgets called for and remitted to the mother country, such extra sums
reaching as high as $5,000,000 per annum— an erroneous and fatal system, the
consequence of a mistaken policy, which then as ever led Spain to consider her
colony as a source of income, forgetting that such excessive calls, constantly
resulting in a deficit, clearly indicate bad administration.
Cuba was overtaxed, and nothing was ,done to attend and help the growing
development of our fertile island. In vain did the Cubans lay their claims for
better administration. The mother country was deaf. Commissioners went to
Madrid to represent, but they had to return, only bringing back many promises
that were never fulfilled. No hopes were left to the Cubans, and all these obsti-
nate errors brought on the outbreak of 1868, which resulted in a civil war that
lasted ten years, ending in 1878 with the so-called agreement of El Zanjon.
The war at first was not a drawback to sugar production, and the crops gathered
during the ten years* war were:
Year.
Tons.
Yew.
Tone.
Year.
Tons.
18691
786.000
786,000
1 1878- .
775,000
681,000
718,000
1876
680,000
1870»
1874- -
1877..
1878..
600,000
1871 '
647,000 1 1876..
600,000 1
638,000
1875J...
1
» Called the twin crope.
* The hurricanes of October, 1870, were the cause of the short crop.
It is to be noticed that during the i>eriod of war the sugar production continued
to increase at first— say, from 1869 to 1875. Highly remunerative prices were
obtained then for sugar; besides, from 1869 to 1870> $70,000,000 in paper money
was issued, and money was easy.
From 1876 to 1878 the production rapidly decreased. Mismanagement, enor-
mous taxes to attend war expenses, and depreciation of paper money brought on
natural distrust and financial troubles. And with all this the emancipation of
slaves was carried through at that time, and without compensation of any kind
to owners.
Prices of sugar up to the year 1880 were still quite remunerative (4 to 4i cents
per pound, centrifugals, 96 test), but the competition of beet sugars in Europe
began to be felt more and more every day, causing a lower tendency toward the
crisis in prices of the article, which finally reached a value of only 50 i>er cent of
its former (luotation.
Under such difficulties Cuba struggled hard. The Cuban army that was dis-
banded after the war, and many persons that had come to town for safety, went
back to work their fields and become a new contingent of cane growers. The sys-
tem of cane colonies was started all over with marked success. Canes were sold
to the mills at quite remunerative prices and fresh impulse was imparted to the
country.
In spite of all these efforts Spain persisted in considering her colony as a source
of income. Our deputies to the Cortes went full of faith, but they came back
fruitless, as always. The same mistaken policy that ruled Cuba before was con-
tinued as ever, and the outbreak of February 24, 1895, was the inevitable result.
The crops gathered from 1879 to this year were:
Year.
Tons.
Year.
Tons.
Year.
Tons.
Year.
Tons.
1879
670.000
630,000
483,000
606,000
460,807
1884
668,987
681,000
731,723
646,678
666,719
1889
660,333
632,368
816,980
976,960
816,894
1894
1885
1.064.214
1880
, 1885
1880
1,004,254
1881
1886
1891
1896
m,m
1882
1887
1892
18W
212,051
1883
1888
1803
1898
>aoo;ooo
» Abont.
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AGBIOULTUBE. 529
Notice the decrease in the prodnctioD in the year 1896. We conld have ground
that year more than 1 ,100,000 tons of sngar had it not been for the war.
The amount of the coming crop will depend on the greater celerity that is to be
g:iyen to the so- wished- for political change. Any delay will be of prejudice to all
onr producers. The prox)er season for cleaning cane fields has already vanished,
and, besides, cattle are badly wanted and very scarce. Training for working
purposes requires time.
If peace becomes a fact, and all the available cane is ground, I would say that
500,000 tons might be reached.
Now, I will call your attention to the distribution of our crops these few years
back:
Crop of 1893 (815,894 tons of 2,240 pounds):
Tons.
Exported to United States 680,642
Exported to Canada - 25,069
Exported to Spain .. 9,448
Exported to England 8,045
Local consumption during whole year 50,000
Crop of 1894 (1,054,214 tons of 2,240 pounds):
Exported to United States 965,524
Exported to Canada 24,872
Exported to Spain 23,295
Exported to England 10,538
Local consumption whole year 50,000
Crop of 1895 (1,004,264 tons of 2,240 pounds):
Exported to United States 769,958
Exported to Canada 28,324
Exported to Spain 28,428
Exported to England 5,674
Local consimiption whole year 50,000
Crop of 1896 (225,231 tons of 2.240 pounds):
Exported to United States 235,659
Exported to Spain 9,969
Local consumption whole year 40,000
Crop of 1897 (212,051 tons of 2,240 pounds):
Exported to United States 202,708
Exported to Nassau 83
Exported to Spain 1,337
Local consumption whole year _ 88,000
The stock of sugar left in store on December 1, 1897, was 1,888 tons, the smallest
stock held at an equal date since several years.
Statement of Mr. P. M. BEi^, Manager of the Guabairo Colonia.
In 1889, when preparations for cane farming were commenced, the Guabairo
was mostly impenetrable forest and not a building of any kind existed. The
working people slept under a cart until temporary i>alm-leaf huts could be con-
structed to shelter them. At this time the Guabairo proper contained 1,333 acres.
Later some 1,100 acres were hired or bought, and the colonia increased in area to
about 2,433 acres, of which in 1895, at the breaking out of the insurrection, 1,100
acres were planted with cane, and the rest was pasture, woods, and waste lands.
production.
In 1895, at the breaking out of the insurrection, the 1,100 acres under cane cul-
tivation produced about 2,500,000 arrobas; and, aside from this, a sufficient quan-
24662 34
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530 BEPOBT OK THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18»9.
tity of com and vegetables were grown for all the requirements of the odonia, so
we never had to purchase.
LABOR.
From the 1st of December to the 1st of June an average of about 850 people
were employed. Of these 10 per cent were Canary Islanders or Spaniards, 10 per
cent n^ro women and boys (white women do no field work), 20 per cent natdve
whites, and about 60 i>er cent negroes apd mulattoes. From the 1st of June to
the 1st of December an average of about 150 were employed. Women do no field
work during this period.
During harvest I give the negro women preference, and pay them the same
salaries as the best male labor. They are the most constant, their work is usually
well done, and each one keeps her man straight, which is quite an appreciable
item.
Next, I prefer the negro. He is, as a rule, a more constant worker than either
the native white or mulatto, the most of whom are addicted to gambling, and
they can not be depended on from one day to another.
For stowing cane on the cars, plowing, ditching, road repairing, and railroad
work, Canary Islanders and Spaniards are preferable. They are more used to this
kind of work, are more constant, and have less vices.
For cane cutting, carting, planting, and cultivating, native labor—in particular
negro labor— is preferable, because, being experts, the work progresses more
rapidly, the cane plant suffers less injury, resulting in more remunerative returns,
and its life is prolonged, which is a big item to the farmer. They are also mnch
less addicted to smoking in the field, and danger from this source is materially
reduced; but, as a rule, they are dishonest and untruthful in the extreme, and
this is general and applies both to whites and blacks, the latter being champions.
Canary Islanders and Spaniards are cigarette smokers, and they are dangerous in
the cane fields.
At the present time labor is very poor and very much demoralized. Many of
the abler men are in the insurrection; a great number of those remaining have
witnessed mothers, wives, and children dying a lingering death from hunger.
Some could obtain work for their food, while others earned a salary of from $6 to
$8 per month in depreciated Si>ani8h silver, provisions being high, and the Gov-
ernment increased taxes on meat and other necessaries until these poor people,
bent down by great sorrow, seeing no help for them and being very ignorant, gave
up in despair and became indifferent.
During the past crop as well as at the present time I employ a considerable
number of Asiatics, but many of these are opium smokers and much debilitated,
and we calculate on 60 per cent only being at work, while 40 jier cent are resting
in their barracon.
ANIMALS.
For agricultural purposes this colonia keeps nearly 300 oxen and about 20 horses
and mules; also a few cows for milk and a number of animals for beef, which in
normal times varies from 80 to something over 100.
I here wish to say a few words about dereche de consumo (or meat-consumption
tax). In normal times this colonia slaughters, on an average, about 22 animals
per month, with an average dressed weight of about 200 kilos per head, and the
full tax on that meat is 4^ cents gold per kilo, in addition to $1 per head for derecho
de punalada (sticking fee). Consequently the full tax on meat consumed in this
oolonia in one month would amount to $198, plus $1 per head ($22), or a total of
1220.
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AGBICULTUBE.
531
SALARIES.
Average salaries paid by this colonia daring normal times—that is, previons to
the insurrection — were abont as follows:
ALL THE YEAR.
[Salaries per month, in gold, and maintenance.]
Administration $166.66
Servant ^ 80.00
Overseer 85.00
Second overseer 85. 00
Steward and bookkeeper 50.00
Assistant 25.00
Carpenter 85.00
Montero 25.00
Assistant $20.00
Hostler 20.00
Assistant 15.00
Pumping water 6.00
Cook 80.00
Assistant 25.00
Night watchman 20.00
Mounted field guard 25 and 80.00
DURING CROP TIME.
Mounted field guard $25.00
Timekeeper 20.00
Waiter for operatives* table 1 5. 00
Vegetable gardener 20. 00
Bueyero( teamster) 22.00
Assistant. 16. 00 and 12. 00
Foreman with cartman 80. 00
Assistant $28.00
Foreman with stevedores 28. 00
Cartman 28.00
Plowman 28.00
Cane cutters 21.00
Cane lifters 15.00
Cane loaders (stevedores) 21 . 00
During the summer months salaries for field labor averaged about $17 per month.
Cost for maintaining labor averaged about $7.50 per month in gold; cost for
maintaining overseers, foremen, carpenters, cooks, stewards, guards, etc.,
amounted to about $12 per month.
RATIONS.
Rations for each man per day were as follows: Clear beef, 1 pound, or its equiva-
lent in tasajo salt fish; rice, 1 pound, or its equivalent in beans, pease, macaroni,
etc; lard, 2 ounces; coffee, 1 ounce; sugar, 2 ounces; bread, 6 ounces, or, instead
of bread, sweet potatoes, plantains, or melanga; sweet oil, bacon, salt, and spices
sufficient to season the food. During the winter months cabbage, tomatoes, and
turnips are being served every day without regard to rations.
RULES AND REGULATIONS.
When a laborer enters his name on the pay roll he receives his machete or hoe,
tin plate, tin dipper and spoon, and same are charged to him, and are credited
when returned.
Timekeeper makes his rounds twice every day.
Away from the batey smoking is strictly prohibited, and the penalty is imme-
diate dismissal.
Salaries are paid any day between 11 a. m. and 1 p. m., Sundays excepted, to
those who desire the money.
Except in case of sickness, meals are charged to those who are not at work.
To the sick such medicines as we have are given free. The most prominent of
these is quinine.
If a man remains in the barracon sick for more than two days, he is sent to
his home or to a hospital. If it is an injury received in the service of the colonia,
he is cared for until able to work again.
The bell tolls at 4 a. m. for the people to get up: at break of day, after having
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532 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
drunk a cup of coffee, they go to the field; at 11 o'clock they return to hreakfast;
at 1 o'clock they again go to the field; at 6 o'clock they come in to dinner, and at
8 o'clock the bell sounds silence. After that absolute si ence is enforced. The
negro is fond of his music and dancing. This is permitted at seasonable hours,
and sometimes the overseer gives special permission to prolong their amusements
beyond the usual hour.
Gambling is prohibited, but the prohibition can not be successfully enforced.
In the dry season, at midday, when the people are in tjie batey, sentinels are
stationed on the hills to give timely warning of cane fires.
Armed guards patrol the fields by day and guard the cattle at night This
applies in times of peace.
ADVANTAGES OF LARGE COLONIAS OVER SMALL ONES.
During my experience in this vicinity I have never known a single instance
where a small colonia prospered or was able to extricate itself from debt, and this
condition is owing to various causes. A colonia employing from 300 to 400 men
can be carried on more economicallv than one employing from 100 to 300 men.
The high-salaried men in the one are very nearly the same as in the other; but the
small farmers, with 50 or 200 acres, fare much worse. These purchase everything
they require at retail, often paying from 15 to 30 per cent more than the large
farmers, who purchase at wholesale and receive rebate for prompt payment. A
small farmer employing 10 men requires a cook; the larger farmer employing 300
men requires but 2 cooks. The small farmer is always cramped for money, has
but a limited credit with the central, and outside of that none except an occasional
country storekeeper who may consider the risk and accommodate him by charging
exorbitant interest. The money which ought to be exx>ended on the cane fields
goes to pay exorbitant interest; his fields get to such low ebb that the cane no
longer pays the expense for harvesting; he can obtain no money for replanting,
fails to pay his rent, and the owner of the land takes possession of what remains,
resulting in some other i)oor fellow stepping in, only to repeat his predecessor's
experience.
The coat for preparing, breaking np, cross plowing, making, furrowing, seed
cane, planting, cultivating, wear and tear to implements, and weeding one cabal-
leria of cane to maturity, and doit well, is from $1,400 to $1,600, according to con-
ditions of soil, salaries, etc., and under normal conditions will here require from
three to four years before the farmer can see any profits, and then only by intel-
ligent management and good soil. Soil which requires pkmting every three to
five years will ruin any man.
The average yield of cane per caballeria in Gnabario for 1895 was about 71,500
arrobasy and the cost per 100 arrchcLS for weeding, cutting, carting, and deliver-
ing to the central amounted to about $1.84.
In 1896 we had some new plantings, and the crop was estimated at 2,700,000
arrobas. Very nearly the whole of this was burned by the insurgents; some of
the fields were burned twice, and no crop was made. The horses were seized,
cattle driven off, storehouses plundered repeatedly, and finally the manager had
to flee for his life and seek safety in Cienf uegos. Since then tiie fields have suf-
fered repeated burnings and the crop has been reduced from 2,700.000 arrobas to
1,400,000 arrobas, estimated. In 1897 and 1898 the crops were made under diffi-
culties, the colonia employing a private armed force of 16 men, and Col. Luis
Ramos Izquierdo kept a small garrison of his guerrillas in the colonia.
Note.— A caballeria contains 324 corddes, or 33^ acres. An ain'oba is 25 pounds.
Colonia signifies cane farm. Batey is the space occupied by the buildings. Bar^
racoiis are the buildings occupied by the working i>eople. An ingenio is a sugar
plantation with all the buildings and machinery for the manufacture of sugar,
rum, and molasses.
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AGRICULTUBE. 533
Under date of July 19 the secretary of agriculture, (commerce, and
industry, Seilor Perfecto Lacoste, reports as follows:
The sagar crop in 1898 was 805,543 tons; in 1899, 385,668 tons, and in 1900,
283,651 tons.
For the prodnction of 1900 the above fignres can be taken, as all the planta-
tions have already finished the gathering of the late crop. •
In normal years — that is, in years before the late war, as in 1894, for instance—
the prodnction of sugar in this island amounted to 1,054,214 English tons of 2,240
pounds.
The undersigned begs leave to state that, in his opinion, while the actual cir-
cumstances shall continue and the Cuban planters have to depend on their own
resources for the development of their plantations, without the necessary imple-
ments or the help of agricultural banks or similar establishments of credit, it will
be impossible to, even approximately, reach the above referred to figures.
In the statements of Messrs. Atkins, Beal, and Bonnet we have a
picture of the many difl&culties and great expense attending the cul-
tivation of sugar cane. The establishment of sugar mills by which a
colonia becomes an ingenio or central is another branch of the indus-
try involving many large expenditures and great financial risks to
those engaged in it. The sugar zone extends from the eastern third
of the province of Pinar del Rio to the eastern half of the province
of Puerto Principe, the richest and largest part of this area lying in
the provinces of Habana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara, Matanzas being
the most productive of the three. The experience of Mr. Beal during
the recent insurrection was common to the planters of the entire sugar
region, those of the province of Matanzas suffering the most.
The only ingenios and colonial saved from destruction were those
which enjoyed the protection of both sides in the war, as the result of
liberal donations, private or public guards, and suitable defenses.
The rehabilitation of the large plantations will require much time
and considerable expenditures, but with the liquidation of existing
loans on rural property, the establishment of banks and a stable
financial system, a repetition of the crop of 1894 may soon be expected,
with larger ones to follow. Indeed, when we consider that this crop
was cultivated on less than one-fourteenth part of the area of the
island (28,000,000 acres), a large part of which can be made suitable
for sugar, some idea of its great prospective wealth in this commodity
can be formed, provided Cuba is successful in finding favorable for-
eign markets. In short, it is perfectly apparent, as has been else-
where stated, that under such conditions Cuba can easily become the
greatest sugar-producing country in the world.
Tobacco.
Second only in importance to the sugar industry in Cuba is that of
tobacco, in the cultivation of which upward of 80,000 people are
employed. Unlike sugar cane, the tobacco plant is indigenous and
was found in use by the natives on the discovery of the island. Sixty
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534 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
years later it was taken to Spain by Francisco Fernandez, a physician
who had been sent by Philip II of Spain to investigate the products
of Mexico. Bnt while the plant came to Europe through Spain, the
habit of smoking it was begun in England. Ralph Lane, the first
governor of Virginia, and Sir Francis Drake brought pipes and tobacco
from Virginia in 1586, which they gave to Sir Walter Raleigh. Lane
is said to have been the first Engli^man to smoke ; Sir Walter followed
and the habit soon became general at the court of Elizabeth. By the
middle of the seventeenth century it was known to all civilized
countries, although every attempt was made to prevent its use.
Popes fulminated against it, and penal enactments and priests
declared smoking a crime, and in Russia smokers were given the
knout and had their noses cut off. King James the First described
its use as "a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose,
harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and the black, stink-
ing fumes thereof nearest resembles the horrible Stygian smoke of
the pit that is bottomless."
The following description of its use among the Indians of Santo
Domingo, when that island was first discovered, written by Oviedo in
his general history of the West Indies (1635), throws some light on
the origin of the name of the plant and explains somewhat the first
objections to its use:
The Indians inhabiting this island have, among other evil customs, one which
is very pemicions, namely: that of smoking, called by them tobacco, for the pur-
pose of producing insensibility. This they effect by means of a certain herb«
which, 80 far as I can learn, is of poisonous quality, though not poisonous in its
appearance. It is about four or five palms high; the leaves, which are large and
broad, are soft and downy; and in color it resembles the plant called bugloss by
doctors and herbalists.
The manner in which they use it is as follows: The caziqnes and principal men
have small hollowed sticks, about a span long and as thick as the little finger; they
are forked in the manner here shown ( Y) « bnt both the forks and the stalk are of
the same piece. The forked ends are inserted in the nostrils and the other end is
applied to the burning leaves of the herb, which are rolled up in the manner of
pastils. They then inhale the smoke until they fall down in a state of stupor, in
which they remain as if intoxicated for a considerable time. Such of the Indians
as can not procure a forked stick use a hollow reed or oane for the purpose of
inhaling the smoke. Their smoking instrnment, whether it be forked or merely
a hollow cane, is called tobacco by the Indians, who do not give this name to the
herb, nor the stupor into which they fall, as some have erroneously supposed.
The Indians hold this herb in great esteem and cultivate it in the gardens and
fields. They pretend that the use of it is not only wholesome but holy. When a
cazique or other great man falls down insensible from smoking it his wives (of
whom there are many) pick him np and place him in bed,> if he has previously
informed them that such was his pleasure, bnt if he has not he continues lying
where he fell until the intoxicating effect of the smoke shall have passed off.
The remains of baked clay and other kinds of pii)e8 found in the
Indian mounds of the North American continent indicate plainly that
^ The bed was suspended between two poles and called a hamac^ doubtless the
origin of the hammock.
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A TOBACCO PLANT.
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AGRICULTURE. 535
smoking was generally prevalent among the Indians of the mainland
long before the discoveries of Columbus.
For many years the tobacco trade of Cuba was a Crown monopoly,
with a royal office and warehouse in Habana and branches in San-
tiago, Trinidad, Bayamo, and Remedies, where the planters could
store their tobacco, receiving such prices as might be established by
the Crown for each crop. In later years the tobacco monopoly was
sold to private companies, and was again resumed by the Crown in
1760. Finally, in 1817, by a royal decree of June 22, the trade and
cultivation of tobacco were declared free on payment of a tax by
each planter equivalent to one-twentieth of the production. Since
that date the taxes have varied according to circumstances, but have
usually been very high.
Reliable statistics of the annual production of tobacco in early times
are not at hand, nor is it possible to tell how much was shipped, except
through the custom-house, owing to the large amount smuggled.
From such data as are available, it appears that from 1702 to 1817 the
total amount regularly exported was about 20,500,000 pounds; that
during the periods of government monopoly the amount was less than
during the period of private monopoly, and that the amount exported
was largely increased after the trade monopoly was discontinued. It is
probable that the amount smuggled was equal to the amount exported.
Coming down to a later period, with which we are more nearly con-
cerned, it appears that the average production in bales in 1894-95
was in the neighborhood of 560,000 bales of 50 kilos, or 62,000,000
pounds of leaf, valued at $22,000,000. Of this amount 220,000 bales
(nearly 40 per cent), valued at $10,000,000, were retained for home
consumption and used in the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes,
and this is about the proportion with normal crops.
Since 1895 the crop has been as follows:
Bales.
1896-97 875.000
1897-98 88,000
1898-99 220,000
1899-1900 460,000
The amount of tobacco exported to the United States since 1893 is
shown in the following table :
Pounds.
Value.
Pdtinds.
Value.
lg03
21.604,801
14,678,248
20,176,620
26,ni,817
$8,040,066
6,828.064
7,271.704
la 618. 468
1897
4,410,073
4.601.466
8,102,074
11,816.861
12,806,067
1894
1806
4.384,078
1896
1800
6,016,860
1896
1900
0,704,881
Except cigars and cigarettes, the numerous forms in which tobacco
is used, such as smoking mixtures, fine cut, plug, roll, or pigtail, for
chewing, and snuff, are not manufactured in Cuba.
Tobacco is raised as an article of commerce in but four of the six
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536 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
provinces of Cuba, viz, Pinar del Rio, Uabana, Santa Clara, and Santi-
ago de Cuba, although there is no question but that tobacco can be
advantageously raised in the other two. To the trade the tobacco of
Pinar del Rio is known as the VueUa AbqjOy that of Habana as the
Partido and Semi- VueUa^ that of Santa Clara as Las VUlas or Reme-
dios leaf, while the leaf of Santiago is known as OrierUe.
The quality of Cuban tobacco is world-renowned, more especially
that known as the VueUa Abajo, which is used in the manufacture
of the finest cigars. Every attempt — and there have been many— to
reproduce this tobacco elsewhere, even in Cuba, has failed, and the
secret of its superiority remains untold. The Sierra de los Organos,
a range of mountains running along the entire length of the province
of Pinar del Rio, is no doubt a favorable cause, as it breaks the high
winds which do so much damage to the plants elsewhere. Various
other causes have been assigned, and probably they have all con-
tributed to the excellence of the tobacco. To what it is specially due
will probably be known when the soils in which it has been cultivated
shall have been carefully analyzed and compared and the chemical
changes due to curing and fermentation are better understood.
The photographic views of tobacco cultivation herewith represent
a full-grown»plant and the various steps of setting out, harvesting,
and sorting tobacco, putting it in bundles, bailing and packing it to
market. These operations may be briefly described as follows:
The tobacco crop is grown from nursery or transplanted plants.
These plants are raised in seed beds located and prepared with great
care and protected, as far as possible, from insects. The seeds are
very small, much smaller than hay seed, and while there are between
three and four hundred thousand in one ounce, the seed coat is so
hard that only about 75 per cent of the seed will sprout. On this
basis, 1 ounce of seed ought to produce between thirty and forty
thousand plants, costing the planter in the neighborhood of $1.50 per
thousand. The seed beds and seeds having been carefully prepared,
the seeds are sown in September, and in from six to seven weeks,
when the young plants are from 8 to 10 inches high, they are ready
for transplanting. This is done with the greatest care, as a very
slight injury will kill them, and they are set out from 12 to 18 inches
apart in furrows. The distance between the latter varies from 2 to 3
feet. It is said that tobacco grown under shade trees is of better
quality than when grown in the open.
The plants are hand planted and not by machine, as in many parts
of the United States, and the operation is necessarily much slower.
It requires about four months for the plants to reach maturity, so
that the harvest is in January. During this int/crval they require the
greatest care to protect them against the tobacco worm and other
insects and against weeds. From time to time, and especially after
rains, they are cultivated, the buds or top, and all suckers, as they
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AGBIOULTUBE. 537
apx)ear, are removed, and every precaution taken to insure the full
development of the leaf.
The pruning is done with the thumb nail, as its dull edge closes the
wound and prevents bleeding. According as the plants are topped
high or low, there will be from 8 to 10 or from 18 to 20 leaves on a
stalk. As soon as the leaves have ripened, the cutting begins. Each
stalk is cut in sections, having two leaves on each; they are hung on
poles and carried to the drying sheds. A section of each stalk ¥nth
a good strong sucker on it is left in the field, from which a second, or
what is called a sucker crop, results, and while the quality of this
crop is not as good as the true crop it answers very well for fillers.
The drying or curing process continues for three or four weeks or
even longer. During this period "great attention must be given to
the moisture, temperature, and ventilation of the drying house in
order to produce those changes which characterize cured tobacco of a
superior quality."
Sweating or fermentation follows the curing, and it is to this that
the tobacco owes its peculiar flavor. During or after this process the
leaves are sprayed with water or a petuning liquid which is supposed
to give the leaf a darker color and a better flavor, but this is ques-
tioned by some tobacco manufacturers.^ When fermentation has
taken place, the leaves are sorted and made up into bundles, and these
into bales of about 50 kilos (110 pounds) each. It is now ready for
transport to market.
The tobacco planters, in common with the sugar planters, experi-
enced all the vicissitudes of the war, but as the province of Pinar del
Rio was the last to become a theater of operations the crop of VueUa
Abajo tobacco was sx>ared until 1896.
COFFBB.
The cultivation of coffee dates from somewhere about the years
1796-1798 and is said to have been introduced into Cuba by refugees
from Santo Domingo after that island was ceded to France. Soon
after the arrival of these emigrants, of whom there were upward of
30,000, coffee plantations made their appearance, and for many years
the cultivation of coffee was one of the most remunerative industries
of the island, as the following table of exjmrts will show: ^
ArrobsB.
1809 820,000
1815 918.263
1816 870,229
1817 709,851
Arrobas.
1818 779,618
1819 642,716
1820 686,046
1822 501,429
Arrobas.
1828 895,924
1824 661,674
> The report of Mr. Oscar Loew, of the Department of Agricaltnre, on the cnr-
ing and fermentation of the cigar leaf tobacoo should be studied by all tobacco
planters.
* Humboldt's Island of Cuba.
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538 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Humboldt attributes the extreme variation in the figures of this
table to the more or less abundant crops and to frauds in the custom-
house.
In the years 1843 and 1846 violent hurricanes visited Cuba and
seriously damaged the coffee crop. Owing to these disasters, the
increased coffee trade of the East Indies and South America, and the
larger and more certain profits of sugar cultivation, the coffee indus-
try of Cuba rapidly declined, and by 1850 the amount exported was
but 192,061 aTTohds, The coffee plantations were converted to other
uses and the trade in coffee practically disappeared. The estimated
coffee crop of the world for 1900 is 15,285,000 bags of 134i pounds
each.^ Of thisamount Cuba is credited with 130,000 bags — ^not enough
for home consumption. It is hard to believe, with these figures before
us, that in 1825 Cuba exported more coffee than Java, that in 1846
there were more than 1,600 coffee plantations in the island, and that
in richness, flavor, and the productive capacity of the trees the coffee
of Cuba was not surpassed by that of any other West India island or
by South America.
A consideration of these well-known facts may result in the revival
of this important industry, which under free institutions will no doubt
regain its former position among the agricultural resources of Cuba.
At the close of the year 1894 coffee was cultivated in all the prov-
inces of Cuba except Puerto Principe, and there were 191 cafeUdeSy or
plantations, although by far the larger number was in the province of
Santiago de Cuba, where coffee cultivation was first attempted. The
topographical features of this province, with its ranges of mountains,
hills, and high plateaus, render it especially adapted to the purpose,
for, while coffee will grow most anywhere in Cuba, it thrives best at
altitudes between 1,500 and 2,500 feet. It is not an expensive crop
to cultivate, and it is said that few occupations are more delightful
than that of the coffee planter, or more remunerative under favorable
conditions.
In the cultivation of coffee the seeds are first gown in a nursery,
and when the plants are a few inches high they are transplanted;
thereafter, like the tobacco plant, they require great care. The trees
begin bearing in the second year, and by the third a good crop may be
expected. A tree in good condition will yield from H to 2 pounds of
berries. The trees are rarely allowed to exceed a height of 10 feet for
convenience in harvesting the berries; this is accomplished, and the
trees are made to spread laterally by repeated prunings. Two crops
each year reward the successful coffee planter, so that the trees are
almost always in bloom.
As the coffee berry requires shade, fruit and other trees are planted
among the coffee trees for this purpose, so that a coffee plantation
1 Statesman^ Year-Book, 1900.
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TOBACCO PACK TRAIN.
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AGBICULTURE. 539
can be utilized for both fruit and coffee culture, without detriment
to either and with corresponding benefit to the planter.
Next in prospective value as an agricultural product is cocoa,
although the cocoa trade has not been large for many years, owing to
excessive taxes and the devastations of war. The province of Santi-
ago is especially' adapted to its cultivation, and the cocoa bean of
Cuba is of excellent quality.
Bananas, cocoanuts, figs, dates, guava, mangoes, grapes, lemons,
limes, melons, peaches, nectarines, apricots, strawberries, pineapples,
pomegranates, and oranges are among the fruits of Cuba, which also
include many of a purely tropical character, while nearly all the vege-
tables known to the United States are easily grown, especially com,
rice, potatoes, onions, beets, cabbage, lettuce, radishes, and cucum-
bers, which are practically perennial, only requiring, for abundant
production, sufficient interest and energy to plant the seeds and the
use of more modern methods and agricultural implements in their
cultivation.
Owing to the high differential duties in favor of the Spanish imports
before the war, Cuban planters were compelled to purchase their agri-
cultural implements and machines in Spain, which is not renowned
for the excellence of these manufactures. Many of the plows, hoes,
and other necessary means of preparing the ground and cultivating
the soil are of most inferior design and make, and not to be compared
with similar American implements, while many of the machines in
general use among our farmers are Unknown. Under the present
tariff, agricultural implements are on the free list, where they have
been since the date of American occupation.
A serious drawback to the development of agriculture in Cuba is
the lack of good roads. Outside of the provinces of Matanzas, Ilabana,
and Pinar del Rio, and except in the vicinity of the large cities, there
is not a good road in Cuba, and even those that are passable in the
dry season become almost impassable for wagons in the rainy sea-
son. There are only 1,100 miles of railroad, much of which is not in
good condition on account of the heavy tariff heretofore laid on rail-
road materials of all kinds.
But, while these important public works demand immediate atten-
tion, their consideration should be deferred until an accurate topo-
graphic survey of the island has been made and a contour map
prepared. This is a work of pressing necessity and should be com-
menced at once.
Stock Raising.
There are very few countries better suited to stock raising than
Cuba, where grass is abundant at all seasons and where many streams
furnish a copious supply of good water. The breeding of stock was
at one time an important industry, but owing to the excessive taxes,
amounting to upward of 40 per cent of the value of the stock, and the
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540 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
great destruction due to the .serious revolutions which have taken
place in the island, this industry has been seriously crippled. The
last two wars* almost entirely destroyed it, and as the duties on stock
were almost prohibitive and the stock was taken by the government
under one pretext or another as fast as imported, recovery was neces-
sarily slow. For example:
Per head.
Duty on horses $85.00
Duty on mules 32.00
Duty on oxen 22.00
Dutyoncows 10.00
Duty on calves, heifers, and steers 8.00
Duty on hogs 7.00
besides other vexatious charges.
Owing to the vast number and great variety of palm trees, the
berries of which are a never failing food supply for hogs, these
animals can be raised in enormous numbers and at very little expense.
The agricultural tables will show the plantations, farms, and live
stock in the island when this census was taken. The number prior
to the war, 1894, is shown in the following tables:
Coffee.
Sugar.
Tobacco.
Cattle
ranches.
Farms.
Pinar del Rio ..- ...
83
3
46
70
IIS
332
5
03
6,060
250
509
1.262
224
1,250
399
384
1,3K
6 030
HsbanA -
MAtAn74IB
3.664
Santa Clara .
317
4 853
Puerto Principe -
1.100
Santiago de Cuba
85
2,258
5,;X)1
Total
191
1,100
8.875 , 4,008
23 238
Number.
Value.
Horses and mules ............................J....
684,725
2,4a5,7(»
670, IIH
78,494
$20 466.375
Cattle
74!572,9HI)
PlgfS .. ... ..
5 700.000
Sheep - -- - - -
'393.000
Total
3.719,179
101,l^,a55
Statistics op Agriculture.
The following is the form of schedule used in the collection of agri-
cultural returns:
Censtis of the island of Cuba, taken under the direction of the United States^ 1899.
Schedule No. 3.— Aoricultubal Statistics.
■ day of -
District of enumeration No.
, 1899.
-, Enumerator,
Supervisor's district No.
Compiled by me on the -
1. Name of farmer or owner,
2. Residence, .
3. Color or race, .
Note.— State whether white, negro, mixed, Chinese, or whatever he may be.
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NATIVE FRUITS.
1. Pineapple
2. Guanaoara
3. Aliiefator pea-
4 Cocoanuf
5. Cubtard apple
6 Mamey Colorado
7. Caimito.
8. Mamoncillo.
9. Banana.
10. Sapadillo.
1 1. Maranon
12. Figs.
1 3. Pawpaw.
14. Pumpkin.
15. Watermelon
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AGRICULTUBE.
541
4. Cnban or Spaniard, •
Note.— State whether Cuban, Spaniard, or in suspense, according as to whether
lie has taken the oath; if this question relates to a foreigner and is therefore snper-
flnons, write foreigner.
5. Does the farm or plantation belong to the person named or is it leased? .
6. Area of the farm or plantation in caballerias and cordeles, .
Area under cultivation at the present time, .
Area uncultivated at the present time, .
7. Approximate area under cultivation before the insurrection (prior to
1895), . .
8. Wooded area, . Character of woods, hi^h or low, .
9. Distribution of area under cultivation, according to crops:
Cropa
Area (cabal-
lerias).
Cropa.
Area (cabal-
lerias).
Tobacco -
Cocoa -
Sugarcane
MalangAs
Rice
Oranses
Sweet potatoes
Corn
Potatoes
Honey
Yams
"Wfix
Bananas
Cocoanut trees .-.. ........
Coffee
Onions
Pineapples ........
Note.— Indicate on blank lines any other crops.
10. Number of cattle on the hoof on the day of enumeration:
Kind.
Nnmber.
Value, in dol
lars.
Kind. •
Number.
Value, in dol-
lars.
Horses
Bnllcalyes
Mules
Bulls
Asses
Heifers
Swine ....
Steers ....... ......
Qoats
Cows
Sheep
YAarlingn
Poultry
Oxen ....
Lambs
Note.— Indicate on blank lines any other cattle on the hoof.
11. Number of grinders and evaporators on the plantation on this day:
Mills, number, . Output, in arrobas, of caiie per day,
Evaporating apparatus, number, . Production, in sacks,
day. .
12. Number and capacity of the stills on the plantation:
Number, . Capacity, in gallons, per day, .
per
DISCUSSION OF THE TABLES.
As is apparent from the table of occupations, agriculture is the
principal industry of the people of Cuba. Its manufactures are
trifling, with the exception of the making of cigars, raw sugar,
molasses, and rum, while trade and transportation, except in a limited
way, are prosecuted but little. Under these circumstances it was
thought inexpedient to attempt to collect statistics of any other
industry excepting that of agriculture, and even in this it was deemed
advisable, in view of the unsettled economic conditions of the island,
to attempt to obtain only a few simple facts regarding the industry.
The inquiries were limited to those relating to the area of farms,
cultivated land, and woodland, to the kind of tenure of farms, to the
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642 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
race of the occupant, to the ai*ea8 cultivated in certain leading crops,
to a few details regarding the production of sugar and tobacco, and to
the number of live stock.
The schedules received bear witness to the disturbed condition of
the industry. Farm areas were found to be, in many cases, uncertain
and contradictory, and were given in many different units of measure-
ment. The tenure was often uncertain or unknown, and many tracts
were held by squatters on sufferance, necessarily without definite
limits of occupancy.
But in spite of their many faults and deficiencies, the information
derived from these schedules is extremely significant and instructive.
Table XLIV presents, by totals, for Cuba, for each of its six pro-
vinces and for each municipal district, the number of farms, the area
included within them, the area cultivated in the census year, and an
estimate of the area cultivated in 1895, together with areas covered
with timber, classified as large and small. To this table must be added
a word of explanation. The cultivated areas do not include pasturage,
although in many cases the pasture is artificial, being produced by
sowing the seed of some forage plant These areas were not distin-
guished in the schedules from natural pasture, which of course com-
prised vastly the greater area, and consequently it was necessary to
exclude it altogether from the cultivated area.
On the other hand, under the head ''Cultivated in 1895" it is
apparent that in some cases pasturage has been included, and aa there
is no way of making a clear separation of it, this matter should be
borne in mind in contrasting the areas cultivated in 1895 and in 1899.
Furthermore, this column can not be held to possess much value,
inasmuch as it includes only the areas cultivated in the farms which
were enumerated by the recent census. There are doubtless many
farms in which were considerable areas of land cultivated in 1895,
which have now been abandoned and are not represented in this census
at all; hence, the figures given in this column are in all probability
below the truth.
The columns relating to timber include only the timber upon farms
and do not include the large and undefined forest areas which lie
outside of farms. The number of plantations and farms in Cuba far
exceeds the number of farmers and planters given in the table of
occupations. This is explained by the fact that the enumerators have
returned simply as laborers, or as agricultural laborers, most of the
owners of these plantations and farms. This is especially true of
the smaller farms, particularly of those rented. On this account the
number of planters given in the occupation table is of no significance
whatever.
Measurements are given in the ordinary Spanish measure of cabal-
lerias^ a caballeria being equal to 33i acres, and in cordels^ 324 of
which equal one caballeria.
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AGRICULTUBE.
643
Prior to the late war there were in Cuba 90,960 plantations and
fanns. There were in 1899 only 60,711 farms, with an area of 262,858
cabaUerias. Of this 27,032 caballerias were cultivated. The average
size of the farm in Cuba was 4.3 caballerias (143 acres) and the
average area cultivated per faim was 0.4 of a cabaUerut (13 acres).
These facts are set forth for the several provinces of Cuba in the
following table:
Farms.
Caballerias.
Area.
Habana
Matanzas
Plnar del Rio
Puerto Principe .
Santa Clara
Santiago
6,159
4,083
10,408
2,382
16,129
21,550
Cuba .
60,711
26,245
80.617
83,827
61,365
57,171
54,633
262,858
Area cul-
tivated.
3.193
4,902
4,304
939
7,515
6,179
Average Average
size cultivated
farms. area.
4.1
7.5
3.3
25.8
3.5
2.5
27,082 I
4.3
0.6
1.2
.4
.4
.6
.3
From the above table it appears that Puerto Principe has the largest
area in farms, but the smallest cultivated area. This is due to the
fact that the farms of Puerto Principe are, in the main, cattle ranches,
upon which there is a wide range for stock, but small area under (cul-
tivation. On page 551 the pasture lands of Puerto Principe are dis-
cussed. The average size of the farm in Puerto Principe, 25.8 cahal-
lerias^ is six times the average size of the farm in Cuba, while the
cultivated area per farm is approximately the same as that of the
entire island. The smallest farms, on an average, are in the province
of Santiago, where the total area is only 2.5 caballerias^ and here also
is found the smallest average cultivated area per farm, or only 0.3 of
a cahaUeria. The largest cultivated area per farm is in Matanzas
Province, where it is 1.2 cahaUerias^ and in this province also is found
the largest average size of farm after Puerto Principe. In this prov-
ince are many large sugar plantations, larger and more numerous than
elsewhere in the island.
Of the entire area of Cuba 29.9 per cent were included within
farms, but only 3 per cent of the area of Cuba and only 10 per cent
of the area in farms was under cultivation. The following table shows
the percentage of the total area of each province which was included
within fanns and the percentage under cultivation:
Provinces.
Percent-
age in
farms.
Percent-
age cul-
tivated.
Habana
45.6
41.4
88.8
29.2
30.6
22.0
5.8
Matanzan . ...
6.6
PinardelRlo
4.3
Puerto Principe
.4
SanU Clara
4.0
Santiago
2.4
Cuba
29.9
3.0
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644
BEPOBT OK THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1889.
The largest proportion was in Habana and the smallest in Santiago,
at the east end of the island. Of the area under cultivation the largest
proportion was in Matanzas and the smallest in Puerto Principe.
Taking Cuba as a whole, the number of rural inhabitants to a farm
wa>4 18. This proportion ranged widely in different provinces, as is
shown by the following table:
Rural populaHon to farmM,
Habana 24
Matanzas 35
Pinardel Rio 16
Puerto Principe 26
Santa Clara 17
Santiago 13
Matanzas stands highest, with 35 rural inhabitants to a farm, or
twi(;e as many as in Cuba, with Santiago, at the other extreme, with
but 13.
Many interesting facts regarding the tenure of farms, combined with
the race of the occupants and the size of the farms, are brought out in
tables XLV and XLVI. Of the 60,711 farms in Cuba, 22.9 per cent
were owned by^ whites; 49 per cent, more than twice as many, and nearly
one-half the farms of Cuba, were rented by whites, making 71.9 per
cent of the farms occupied by whites. The colored owned 5.1 per cent
and rented 18.5 per cent, making a total occupied by colored of 23.6
per cent.
The column headed "Other" includes all other forms of occupation.
Of the cultivated areas of farms in Cuba, 40.7 per cent were owned
by whites and 44.2 per cent rented by whites, making the total occu-
pied by this race 84.9 per cent. By the colored only 2.8 per cent were
owned and 8.2 per cent rented, making a total of 11 percent occupied
by the colored race. Thus, the whites, in proportion to their numbers,
occupy much the largest number of farms and a still larger part of
the cultivated area. The above facts relating to the tenure of farms,
both by number of farms and by areas of cultivated lands in farms,
are set forth in the two following tables by provinces:
NUMBER OF FARMS.
White
owners.
White
renters.
Colored
owners.
Colored
renters.
other.
f uba
22.9
82.0
44.7
12.7
27.8
26.2
17.9
49.0
56.9
40.3
69.2
40.0
54.5
85.4
5.1
.8
8.1
1.2
1.2
2.2
U.2
18.5
4.7
10.0
15.9
5.9
14.8
29.6
4.5
Hiibana
4.7
Mntunzas
1.9
Pinar del Rio
1.0
Puerto Principe
25.6
Santa Clara
2.S
San tia^
5.9
CULTIVATE
\D AREA.
Cuba
40.7
40.2
64.0
20.7
41.8
42.1
84.2
44.2
61.7
30.0
66.7
28.3
49.6
32.2
2.8
.8
1.8
.8
.8
1.1
9.3
8.2
•2.8
2.6
10.6
8.7
6.7
18.0
4.1
Habana
5.0
Matanzas
2.1
Pinardel Rio
2.2
Puerto Principe
25.4
San ta Clara
1.5
Santiago
6.8
__—
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AQBICULTUBE.
545
The first of these tables shows that in every province of the island
more farms were rented than were owned, and in most eases far more.
The only province in which the owned farms approached* in number the
rented farms is Matanzas, where 47.8 per cent were owned, while in
Santiago nearly two-thirds were rented, and in Santa Clai*a nearly
seven-tenths. White owners outnumbered colored owners many times
in all the provinces except Santiago, where there were about 1^ white
owners to 1 colored. The proportion of white owners to white renters
was much greater than that of colored owners to colored renters. White
occupants, including owners and renters, greatly exceeded colored occu-
pants, in most cases being several times their numbef. In Habana
white occupants comprised nearly 90 per cent of all occupants, while
colored occupants comprised only 5.5 per cent. In Matanzas the pro-
portions were almost equally great In Santiago the proportion
between white and colored occupants was smallest, there being 53.3 per
cent white occupants to 40.8 per cent colored occupants.
Comparing the two tables with one another, it is seen that white
owners occupied much the larger farms; thus, while in the island of
Cuba white owners comprised 22.9 per cent of all owners, they owned
not less than 40.7 per cent of all the cultivated area. In each province
the proportion of the cultivated area which was owned by whites was
greater than the proportion of the niunber of whites which owned it.
In all other cases the proportional area was less than the propoilional
number, and in many cases the disproportion is very striking.
The classification of the farms in Cuba by size, both as to number
and as to cultivated area, brings out many interesting facts, which
are shown in the following table:
CUBA.
. Clanes.
Per cent
of num-
ber of
farms.
Per cent
ofculU-
valed
area.
Under i caballeriA
68.5
1».2
8.0
2.1
6.1
.9
.7
.6
16.5
i to 1 caballeriii
12.5
to 1 caballeria
9.6
1 to 1 caballeria
8.6
1 to 8 cabaileria
16.1
8 to 5 caballeria
7.0
5 to 10 caballeria
9.0
Over 10 caballeria
26.9
From the first column, which classifies the number of farms, it is
seen that nearly two-thirds were under one-fourth of a caballeria^ i. e.,
less than 8 acres of cultivated area, and nearly one-fifth fall in the
next class, i. e., between 8 and 16 acres, etc. In the second column,
which classifies the cultivated area of these farms of various sizes, the
story is quite diflferent. Comparing the two columns, it is seen that in
the lowest class nearly two-thirds of the farms contained less than one-
seventh of the cultivated area; in the next class about one-fifth of the
24662 35
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546
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
farms contained one-eighth of the cultivated area, while in the largest
one-half of 1 per cent of all the farms contained nearly 27 per cent of all
the cultivated area of the island, or more than one-fourth.
The two following tables show, first, the percentages of the number
of farms in each ai-ea group, dasnified by kind of tenui'e and by race
of the occupant; second, the percentage of the cultivated areas of
farms, classified in a similar manner.
Percenlagei of ifie number and ana of farms, by tenure and race,
NUMBER.
1 Under J
cahalle-
rla.
}and
under k
caballe-
ria.
iand
under 1
cabaUe-
ria.
land
under 1
caballe-
land
under 3
caballe-
rias.
Sand
under 5
caballe-
riaa.
5 and
under 10
caballe-
rial.
10 and
over.
White renters 60 21.1
Colored owners 75. 6 14. 8
9.2
5.2
6
2.4
2.4
1
.8
1.6
7.9
5.6
2.6
1.8
S.8
l.e
.9
1.2
.6
1.4
.8
Colored renters 77 , 15. 0
2
.8
Mixed , 70.8 16
.6
.5
Total 63.4 . 19.2
8.1 2.1
5.1
•'1 ■'
.5
AREAS.
White owners
White renters
Colored owners
Colored renters
Mixed
7.6
16.8
86.9
41.1
20.3
7.8
15.1
19.2
22.2
12.8
6
11.9
12.4
14.1
8.4
2.4
4.7
2.8
8.5
8.4
13.7
19.4
14.1
11.9
14.1
7.1
7.7
4.6
8.6
7.4
10.5
9.2
6.4
2.6
6.9
45.4
15.7
3.6
1
26.7
Total
15.5
12.5
9.5
3.5
16.1
7.0
9.0
26.9
From the first of these tables it is seen that the number of farms of
the smallest size, viz, under one-fourth of a cabaJZeria^ were occu-
pied in greater proportion by colored than by whites, while in the
other classes the number of whites was the greater. In this matter
there Ls no decided distinction between the farms owned and those
rented.
Dividing all farms into two classes — those which were under 1 cabal-
leria and those which were over 1 cahalleria in cultivated area— it
appears that of the farms owned by whites i87.9 per cent were less than
1 caballeria in size; of those rented by whites, 92.6 per cent; of
those owned by colored, 97.4 per cent, and of those rented by colored,
98.1 per cent. Of the farms of the largest size, those of over 10
caballerlas in cultivated area, the proportion of those owned by whites
exceeded the proportion rented by whites, or rented or occupied by
colored.
From the second table it appears that the farms owned by whites were
in area far the largest. Of this class those under 1 cahaUeria in size
were collectively only 24 per cent of the entire area owned by whites,
while those above 1 mhalleria in area comprised 76 per c*ent, or
more than three-fourths; and the farms of 10 cabaUerias and over
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AGBIOULTUBE.
547
contained not less than 45.4 per cent of all the cultivated area owned
by whites.
The farms rented by whites were smaller than those owned, 48 per
cent of the ai*ea being comprised in farms of less than 1 cahdUeria
in area and 52 per cent in those of more than 1 cabaUeria, Faiins
owned by the colored were still smaller, those under 1 caballeria
comprising 71.3 per cent of the entire area, while those above 1
cabcdUria comprised only 28.7 per cent. The farms occupied by col-
ored renters were still smaller. Those under one-fouith of a cahalleria
comprised only 41.1 per cent of the entire area, and those under 1
caballeria cotuprised 80.9 per cent, or more than four-fifths of the
entire area.
Products. — The returns of farm products were obtained through
the enumerators only in terms of area cultivated in the various crops.
No attempt was made to obtain the amounts or values. The following
table shows the areas, expressed in cordds^ of which there are 324 in
a cabaUeria^ or approximately 10 to an acre, which was planted in
each of the principal crops, together with the percentage of the culti-
vated area in each crop:
Sugarcane....
Sweet potatoes
Tobacco
Bananas
Indian com...
MalangBs
Yucca
Coffee
Cocoanuts
Cocoa
Rice
Yams
Iriah potatoes .
Pineapples
Oranges
Onions
Cordels.
1,142,016
973, G29
817.452
753,627
639,042
303,603
283,363
137,854
120,261
119,625
42,076
30,030
26,808
26,782
28.418
14.274
Per cent.
47.3
11.3
9.3
8.6
7.3
8.4
8.2
1.6
lA
1.4
.5
.8
.3
.8
The table shows that very nearly one-half of the cultivated area of
Cuba was planted in sugar cane; that the next crop of impoi-tance,
in which 11.3 per cent of the cultivated area was planted, was sweet-
potatoes, while tobacco, for which crop the island is quite as cele-
brated as for sugar cane, occupied only 9.3 per cent of the cultivated,
area, being third in importance as measured in area cultivated.
Bananas and Indian corn occupied nearly as much ground. Coffee, at
one time a product of great importance in Cuba, occupied only 1.6
per cent of the cultivated area, and most other crops were of even les»
importance.
The following table shows, by percentages, the distribution of the
area cultivated in each crop by the tenure of the occupant and his race,
the occupants being classified as white owners, white renters, colored
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548
BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
ownei'8, and colored renters, and others, and the figures being per-
centages of the entire area devoted to each crop:
White
owners.
. White
renters.
Colored
owners.
^^ ou.«.
Tobftcco
22.4
65.6
27.8
26.8
80.0
10.5
88.0
48.5
86.1
88.2
89.4
26.4
10.0
40.0
27.5
24.1
65.7
86.6
46.7
58.0
58.8
48.5
41.1
15.5
17.8
54.7
50.2
12,5
65.0
45.0
49.0
46.6
0.8
0.9
8.7
2.5
0.5
8.2
4.7
14.8
25.6
1.6
l.«
83.7
1.5
2.8
2.9
3.4
8.3 , 2.b
SuKttr CADe
8.6 1 3.S
Rice
14.8 8.5
Sweet-potatoes
13.1 4.6
Irish potatoes 1
8.2 1 7.5
Yams
21.3 ! 7.5
Baoanas
10.7 5.5
CocoaDUta
15.5
5.7
Coffeo
17.9
6.3
8.1
25.0
1L6
6.1
14.0
17.7
8.1
Onions
5.2
Pineapples
6.1
Oocoa . .
2.4
Malang^
2.9
Oranges ,
4.8
Indian com
5.7
Yucca
8.2
It will be recalled that the cultivated area was distributed as follows,
by tenure and race:
Percent
White ownere : 40.7
White renters 44.2
Colored ownere 2. 8
Colored renters 8.2
White occupants 84.9
Colored odcupants 11.0
Owners 43.5
Renters .;... 52.4
It will be seen, on examination of the above table, that in the case
of tobacco, sugar, Irish potatoes, onions, pineapples, and oranges, the
proportion of land occupied by whitens was in excess of their propor-
tion of the whole cultivated area, and that in the case of the other crops
this proportion was less; in other words, the crops above enumerated
were produced by white men in greater proportion than by colored,
while in the case of the other crops the situation was reversed. This is
particularly the case with sugar, of which more than nifie-tenths of the
crop was produced by white men, and only a trifling proportion by
colored.
Turning now to owners versus renters, as concerned with different
products, it is seen that sugar, cocoanuts, coffee, and cocoa were raised
upon owned land in greater proportion than the average of the culti-
vated area, while in the case of the other crops . the situation is
reversed. It will be noted that the crops which were cultivated mainly
,upon owned estates are those of a permanent character, as distin-
guished from annual crops.
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AGMOULTUBE.
549
Sugar cane. — Each province of Cuba produced sugarcane, but in
varying amounts, as shown by the following table:
Cordels.
Percent
Santa Clara .*
1,736,000
1,245,501
691.100
279,444
106,500
85,471
41.9
Mfttanzafl
80.1
Santiago
16.7
Habami
6.7
Puerto Principe
2.6
PinardelRlo. ,
2.1
Assuming that the product is proportional to the area under culti-
vation, it appears that Santa Clara produced iiot less than 41.9 per cent
of the product of the island, and Matanzas 30.1 per cent. Considering
the relative areas of the two provinces it is seen that Matanzas is, in
proportion to its area, of rather more importance in the sugar industry
than Santa Clara. Santiago produced 16.7 per cent, or one-sixth of
the product of the island, and Habana but one-sixteenth. The amounts
produced in Puerto Principe and Pinar del Bio were little more than
trifling.
Of the total area of cultivated land in Cuba, 47.3 per cent was, as is
stated above, planted in sugar cane. The proportion of tiie cultivated
area planted in this product differed widely in different provinces,
showing a corresponding difference in the relative importance attached
to this crop in different parts of the island. The following table shows
the percentage of the cultivated land which in each province was planted
in sugar cane:
Per cent.
Matanzafl 78.4
Santa Clara 71.3
Puerto Principe 34.7
Santiago 34.6
Habana 27.0
PinardelRlo 6.1
Thus it appears that, considering its area, Matanzas is the most
important of the provinces of Cuba in this regard, nearly four-fifths
of its cultivated area being devoted to sugar cane. In Santa Clara
nearly three-fourths of the cultivated area is thus used, while at the
other extreme is Pinar del Rio, where only one-sixteenth was planted
in sugar cane.
Tobacco. — ^Tobacco was produced in each of the provinces of the
island, but in differing degrees of importance, as is shown by the
following table:
OoMels.
590.353
106,632
103.354
11,489
4,674
950
Per cent.
Pf nar del Rio ■»
72.2
Habana
18.1
Santa Clara
12.6
Bantiago ..,^,,^,,.-,
1.4
Mati^nzan ... ...... .,rT.,T..rTrT-^ „^,.-,.^,
.6
Puerto Princioe
.1
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550 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
If we measure the amount of tobacco produced by the area under
cultivation, the product of Pinar del Rio was 72.2 per cent, or nearly
three-fourths of the entire product of Cuba. Habana and Santa Clara
together produced a little more than one-fourth, while the amount
raised in Santiago, Matanzas, and Puerto Principe is comparatively
trifling.
Of the total cultivated area of Cuba, 9.6 per cent were planted in
tobacco. The proportion of ^the cultivated area of the several provinces
which was planted in tobacco differs widely, as is seen below:
Per cent.
Pinar del Rio 42.4
Habana 10.3
Santa Clara 4.2
Santiago 6
Puerto Principe 3
Matanzas •. 3
Thus it appears that, considering tobacco relative to other agricul-
tural interests^ it was most prominent at the west end of the island, in
Pinar del Rio primarily and in Habana secondarily, and that elsewhere
it was a crop of comparatively little importance, although cultivated
widely to a small extent.
These are the two great export crops of the island. The others are
raised almost entirely for home consumption, and their distribution is
a matter of less interest.
The cultivation of sweet potatoes is distributed quite generally over
the island, but is greatest in the two extreme provinces, Pinar del Rio
and Santiago.
The cultivation of bananas is also quite general, although in the
province of Santiago much greater attention is paid to it than else-
where, the area under cultivation being about three-sevenths of that
of the island.
Indian corn is a grain of much importance in the agriculture of Cuba.
It is raised in every province in considerable quantities, but most
attention is paid to it in Santiago.
Malanga, a farinaceous root, is raised quite generally for food
throughout the islanfd, but more than two-thirds of it is produced in
the province of Pinar del Rio and only a trifling amount in Puerto
Principe.
Yucca is produced in every province, but apparently the most atten-
tion is paid to it m Santiago, in which province is situated nearly one-
half of the area under this crop in the island.
Coffee, once a crop of great impK)rtance, is now produced only to a
small extent, and that almost entirely in the provinces of Santa Clara
and Santiago. In the latter province are situated about three-fourths
of the coffee lands of the island.
The cultivation of the cocoanut palm is confined almost entirely to
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AQRICULTUBE. 551
Santiago, in which province is more than four-fifths of the area
devoted to its cultivation.
The distribution of the production of cocoa is very similar, being
confined almost entirely to Santiago.
The production of rice, which is of little importance, is distributed
with considerable uniformity.
The production of yams is in great part confined to Santiago, which
province contributes more than one-half the island's product.
Irish potatoes are raised only to a very limited extent. Their cul-
tivation is scattered widely, but nearly half of them are produced in
the province of Habana.
Pineapples are produced in every province, but moi*e than four-
fifths of the product comes from Habana.
Oranges are raised in every province, but in Habana and Matanzas
to a much greater extent than elsewhere. *
Of the onion product, more than two-thirds come from the province
of Habana. •
Owing to the fact that the agricultural interests of the province of
Puerto Principe are in the main pastoral, the leading product being
live stock, a special tabulation was made of its pasture lands. The
total area of the pasture lands in this province was 16,666 cahaRerias^ or
approximately 550,000 acres. This land was owned and occupied in
the manner shown in the following table:
Caballe-
rias.
Per cent.
White owners '.
6,720
4,996
232
617
4.101
40
White renters .
30
Colored owners :
1
Colored renters
4
other
25
Total
16,666
100
From this it appears that two-fifths of the pasture lands of the prov-
ince were owned by whites and three-tenths of them were rented by
whites. The amount occupied by colored was trifling, the greater part
of the remainder being incapable of classification and given under the
head of "other."
Live stock. — Table LII shows the number of live stock on farms
and elsewhere, by provinces. The live stock on farms is also classified
by the tenure of the farms. The following is a summary of the results:
Horses 88,001
Mules 18,474
Asses , 1,842
Pigs 358,868
Goats 18,564
Sheep .* 9,982
Fowls 1,517,892
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552 BEPOBT ON THE CEN8U8 OF OUBA» 1899.
Cattle 376,650
Oxen 164,948
Steers 10,714
Bulls 13,279
Young bulls 36,125
Cows 82,338
Heifere 12,366
Yearling calves 15, 676
Other calves 41,204
Other animals 2,777
The total amount of live stock is small, considering the size of the
island and its population. Horses are comparatively few in number;
mules, are apparently little used, while oxen are the chief draft animals.
The number of sheep is trifling.
Sugar miUs. — ^An attempt was made upon the farm schedules to obtain
statistics concerning the number, capacity, and production of the sugar
mills, or centrals^ of Cuba, and it is believed that, considering the con-
dition of the sugar industry at the time the census was taken, the
results are quite as satisfactory as could have been expected. Many
Jot the mills were in ruins, many others had been injured to a greater
or less extent, and none of them were in operation at the time of tilie
census, as the cane crop had not at that time been harvested.
The schedules received from Matanzas and Santa Clara, in which
provinces most of the sugar is produced, were quite satisfactory. The
most defective schedules came from Pinar del Rio, Puerto Principe,
and Santiago, which were relatively of little importance in the matter
of sugar production, and in which the sugar mills are, as a rule, small.
Summing up the returns given by the schedules, it appears that
Cuba contained at the time of the census 207 mills, of all sizes, which
were in condition to be operated. Their capacity was jointly 8,754,192
arrobas of cane. The average daily production of these mills was
61,407 bags of sugar, at 200 pounds per bag. There were connected
with these mills 85 stills, with a daily capacity of 161,751 gallons oi
rum.
In the following table the results are set forth by provinces:
Sagar centraU,
No.
Capacity
of cane.
Production
per day.
StlUs.
Provluce«.
Number.
Capacity
per day.
Habona «
Matanzas
20
72
7
3
78
42
ArrdboM,
858,050
8,342,200
118,700
170,000
3. 612,000
752,542
^[,025
23,406
4 785
1,180
22.760
7,261
6 8.860
25 72,9^
PinardelRio .
Puerto PrinciDO
2
25
. 27
2,900
Santa Clara..
80,600
SantiaRo
61.472
Cuba
207
8,754,192
61,407
85
161,751
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AGRICULTURE.
553
TABLES OF AGRICULTURE.
Table XLl V. — Farm arecut in CabaUerws.
Provlncen.
Habana
Matanzas
Pinardel Rio..
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba
Number
of farms.
«,159
4.088
10.408
2,382
16.129
21,650
Total area.
25.244.96
80,616.77
83,827.34
61,365.08
67.171.12
54,688.22
60,711 1 262,868.49
Area culti-
vated, 1899.
8,193.21
4,902.85
4,803.78
938.83
7,614.91
6,179.22
27,082.80
Area culti-
vated in
1895.
7,213.46
11,086.90
8,816.71
10,945.45
8,728.35
Large tim- Small tim-
ber, ber.
1,884.96
1,468.99
10,430.38
25,269.77
7,733.34
26,336.88
1,408.78
1,899.70
3,716.37
12,033.59
5,900.92
11,341.11
73,124.32 36,300.53
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
Districts.
Number
of farms.
Total area.
Area culti-
vated in
1899.
Area culti-
vated in
1895.
Large tim-
Small tim-
ber.
Aguacate
47
285
148
101
191
166
249
21
169
156
868
47
289
669
269
94
169
165
142
77
46
296
142
90
1
320
75
628
89
146
161
185
92
180
120
180
471.13
906.97
882.13
1,694.50
832.76
260.19
515.90
100.28
621.07
228.07
611.54
477.76
1,069.62
947.65
419.81
7,080.96
687.95
615.50
506.84
150.21
401.30
843.79
867.10
375.06
.87
498.46
600.83
785.76
240.55
420.45
623.82
843.50
163.39
848.18
880.02
287.09
78.82
126,24
121. 10
77.48
157.57
46.47
180.10
29.66
90.88
64.32
134.61
16.56
236.43
257.29
120.54
26.69
76.16
82.90
73.87
68.31
88.68
171.27
72.69
49.75
.62
107.10
61.59
168.68
6.94
49.16
77.15
184.22
81.87
94.48
88.92
67.75
190.65
247.95
275.28
857.57
831.70
65.30
79.78
28.42
217.21
110.25
175.78
160.62
646
888.93
72.60
14.72
158.18
806.48
189.04
96.84
246.83
460.41
226.10
206.68
40.50
8.55
11.43
28.87
.03
24.18
80.80
4.90
9.68
.12
9.70
49.60
10.85
8.15
5.86
1,233.81
36.75
81.50
86.25
6.60
1
28.76
89.75
79.50
34
Alquisar
80.44
Bainoa
22.07
Batabano
312.62
Bauta
113.54
Bejucal
4.50
Cano
88.36
Caslguas
.99
Catalina
25.98
Cieba del Agua
12.74
Guanabacoa
14.87
Quara
30.25
Ottlnes
118 10
Quira de Helena
7.77
Habana
7 62
Isla de Pinos
93 06
Jaruco
47.12
Madruga
19.12
Managua
17.80
Marianao
4.12
Melena del Sur
6
Nueva Paz
95.88
pipian
47.49
Quivican
4.25
S^d
227.12
270.80
157.53
172
174.66
280.69
. 891.20
41.05
107.26
193.64
99.50
2.68
.10
4.82
42.57
San Antonio
72.87
San Antonio de lea Bafios
San Felipe
19.76
San JO06 de las Lajas
64.48
9.99
12.20
2
9.41
19.62
.26
28.38
San Nicol&B
23.48
Santa Cruz del Norte
26.95
Santa Maria del Rosario
Santiago de las Vegas
2.06
20.81
Tapaste
2.56
Verada Nueva
10.74
Total
6,159
25,244.96
8,196.21
7,218.46
1,884.96
1,408.78
PROVINCE OF MATANZA8.
Alacranes
BoIondr6n
Cabezas
Canasi
CArdenas
Carlos Rojas...
Colon
Cuevitas
Ouamacaro ...
Jagtley Grande
Jovellanos
Macagua
Macuriges
Marti
Matanzaa
219
165
189
80
17
78
800
274
78
608
90
93
282
113
624
1,500.86
2,428.80
1,049.46
616.28
202.46
824.50
1,619.87
1.662.82
1.46L31
1,718 66
668.09
1,866.28
2,107.23
1,835.28
2,681.96
891.81
80L06
216.12
78.98
80.02
96.42
245.03
263.93
137.86
262.25
178.06
81.35
424.77
236.11
806.46
128.88
169.84
68.50
73.75
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554
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Tablk XLIV. — Farm areas in OabaUerias — Continued.
PROVINCE or MATANZAS— Continned.
DiKtricb..
I Number T,^j^
of (annii. I **^
M4ximo-G<^mez
M^ndez CapoW
PalmiUaa
Perico
Roque
Sabanilla
San Jos^ de loo KMm(i>
Santa Ana
Uni6n de Reyeti
Total
135
100
162
56
206
160
96
75
46
4.063
905.96
726.50
2,310.67
6ue.80
1,675.48
1.216.46
678.26
736
251.41
Area culti- ; Area culti-
30,616.77
vated in
1899.
153.66
133.23
310.36
142.31
263.88
224.13
216.50
76.29
116.43
4,902.35
vated in
1895.
872.57
283.63
726.09
196.29
728.96
707.90
304.71
386.62
152.01
11.066.90
U^Uo.
Small um-
ber.
4.23
65.39
.13
104.27
4.98
.02
5
,468.99
64.63
2S.0Z
57.07
1.56
52.70
12.»
40.54
49lSI
1,899.76
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Artemiwa
Babia Honda
Cabafias
Candelaria
Cooaolacidn del Norte .
Confl61aci6n del Sur —
Quanajay
Guane
Quayabel
Julian Diaz
Lo« Palacios
M4ntua
Mariel
Pinardel Rio
San Cristobal
San Diego de los £afi(M
San Diego de Munez . . .
San Juan y Martinez. . .
San Luis
Vifiales
Total
498
48
137
232
826
1.108
262
742
146
138
213
762
149
2,298
288
241
42
766
544
979
1, 157. 10
652.31
1,305.64
2,163.74
1.339.31
2,262.72
179.07
10,206.92
680.00
1.049.86
592.13
4,605.:^
725.09
2. 113. '28
1,045.98
771.07
188.21
1,181.28
570.31
1,139.69
•21L78
26.54
155.40
135.12
226.60
463.43
67.11
371.31
83.10
50.47
78.97
230.78
90.60
908.47
168.09
81.18
23.36
470.62
213.52
262.26
U7.01
77. UO
167. b7
282.59
234.27
51.51
L02
23.37
2.50
63.25
618.97
134.69
142. SO
161.54
140.13
65.00
13&96
9100
217.47
10,408 33,827.84 i 4,803.78 I 3,816.71
10.430.38 j
3,716.37
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Ciegode Arila
MorOn
Nuevita-s
Puerto Principe...
Santa Cruz del Sur
ToUl
379
383
163
1,304
163
10,773.34
4.890.28
4,939.95
84.006.15
6,756.36
61,365.08
95.44
in. 04
827.74
362.27
62.84
938.83
4.304.52
1,604.51
1,421.20
15.129.36
2,8iai8
25,209.77
2.02L74
1,209.05
1,589.96
5.92L?»
1,29L05
12,083.»
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Abreus.
96
82
700
674
320
470
1,546
•209
143
630
78
438
603
467
134
266
365
1.206
1,632
564
415.87
455.63
2,908.60
1,066.44
1,746.28
1,772.42
7,021.16
648.98
685.82
1.108.63
588.44
2,060.61
1,288.76
1,235.05
466.02
1,472.06
1,511.71
1,356.62
8,724.00
964.94
115.26
78.52
464.78
267.95
225.70
119.68
1,436.29
4L72
12L72
212.72
180.01
206.40
222.99
225.86
99.39
377.97
188.71
293.68
285.19
71.98
102.88
09.18
700.94
583.42
415.61
199 85
1,152.47
104.83
850.65
446.88
247.17
284.84
543.07
280.44
176.54
668.52
175.32
407.82
360.21
02.19
L50
4L16
890.74
14.86
46.75
4.41
1,260 16
8.64
.47
21.01
24.75
Caibaricn
46.11
Calabazar
209.65
Camajuani
16.66
Cartagena . ,
217 So
Ceja cfe Pablo
IQOSi
Clenf uegos
913.76
Cifuentes
24 96
CfUcea
7.47
I?n>eranza
40.47
Palmira
1.00
Placeta* . ... r - - - r ^ -
247.36
79.99
46.48
6.00
22.50
24.49
186.95
1,622.09
5L78
115 00
Ouemada.s de Guinea
86.31
Rancbo Veloz
8&22
Ranchuelo
&49
Rodaa
5. OS
Sagua la Grande
2S3:0S
San Antonio de las Vueltaa. . . .
Sancti-Spiritus
198.73
1,39.11
San Diego del Valle
m»
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AOBICULTUBE.
555
Table XLIV. — Fami areast in Cahallerian — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA— Continued.
DistrictJi.
San Fernando
San Juan de Um Yerafl
San Juan de loa Remedios .
Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas . .
Santo Domingo
Trinidad
Yaffuajay
Number
of farms.
451
474
625
262
835
915
Total area.
1,177.84
1,029.84
1,630.65
4,404.17
1,631.50
1,748.60
5,996.64
2,215.82
Area culti-
vated In
1899.
372.97
121.09
341.28
302.44
398.41
228.43
271.80
251.27
Total.
16,129 I 57,171.12 , 7,514.91
Area culti-
vated in
1895.
440.50
263.05
643.21
520.96
608.06
395. -23
817. 13
447.54
10,945.46
Lar^e tim- Small tim-
ber, ber.
9.81
5.00
113.63
648.66
28.25
92. '28
1,920.37
837.70
7,733.84
90.-20
160.25
709.44
20.42
186.58
568.43
404.25
5,900.92
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO DE CUBA.
AltoSongo.,
Baracoa
Bayamo
Campechuela
Caney... ,
Cobre ,
Cristo
Gibara
Goantanamo
Holgnin
Jiguani
Mansanillo
Mayarl ,
Niquero ,
Pauna Soriano ...
Puerto Padre
Sagua de T&namo
San Luis
Santiago de Cuba
Total
1,515
2,110
1,373
321
611
1,253
19
1,205
1,262
3.260
863
2,083
734
265
1,404
1,119
628
1,289
286
21,5M
1,942.78
2,702.46
4,163.78
1,186.64
2,235.61
4,123.82
4.35
3,770.49
4,646.43
13,834.84
1,606.42
2,640.48
596.00
189.09
1,681.88
5,415.79
2,813.60
1,094.87
694.99
64,688.22
291.23
676,97
444.63
296.41
78.81
258.78
2.08
980.44
714.92
449.97
230.87
626.08
148.03
83.15
224.17
408.44
106.85
193.89
68. :»
6,179.22
327.17
1,248.20
223.04
306.00
181.40
817. 17
1,288.49
816.51
1.3U3.54
225.90
699.25
210.71
134.96
466.01
492.02
100.48
341.26
108.26
8,728.35
819.41
796.01
1,319.43
487.74
1,225.37
4,203.96
1,550.87
1,896.93
6,682.99
286.65
1.169.06
219.40
3.75
790.43
2.361.78
2,053.68
475.86
94.07
26,336.88
749.96
1,168.97
1,163.64
187.80
276.10
144.69
2.10
651.91
834.80
2,768.17
150.83
242.95
186.65
19.68
876.62
1,710.69
46.79
241.78
482.09
11,341.11
Table XLV. — Tenure of farms, by size and by race of occupant. Number.
CUBA.
Total
niunber.
Under
icaba-
lleria.
iand
under
icaba-
lleria.
iand
under
Icaba-
lleria.
land
under
icaba-
lleria.
1 and
under
Scaba-
llerias.
3 and
under
6 caba-
llerias.
5 and
under
lOcaba-
llerias.
10 and
over.
White owners
18.898
29,737
3,092
11,247
2,737
7,797
17,878
2,338
8,&I3
1,936
2,807
6,266
469
1,680
438
1.278
2.703
172
592
166
840
709
26
97
45
1,090
l,64d
77
202
106
227
257
10
'22
22
177
166
8
9
13
187
White renters
109
Colored owners
2
Colored renters
2
Other
14
Total
60.711
88,591
11,650 I 4.906
1,217 8.123
538
878
314
'
'
PROVINCE OF HABANA.
White owners
2,027
3,606
47
289
290
724
•1,151
28
119
129
635
1,159
11
106
82
809
' 664
7
44
87
81
176
1
9
16
219
813
26
82
24
19
9
White renters
2
Colored owners
Colored renters
12
16
Other
5
4
2
Total
6.169
2,161
1,992
1.051
282
560
63
47
13
Digitized by VjOOQIC
556
HEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18d9.
Table XLV. — Tenure o/farmSf by me and by race of occupant. iVumfcer— Continued.
PROVINCE OF MATANZA8.
Total
number.
Under
Jcaba-
lleria.
iand
under
Icaba-
lleria.
land
under
Icaba-
lleria.
land
under
icaba-
Ueria.
land
under
3caba-
llerias.
Sand
under
6 caba-
llerias.
5 and
under
lOcaba-
llerlas.
10 and
over.
White owners
1,826
1,644
129
408
76
617
641
70
248
27
484
413
28
99
9
203
197
14
26
9
79
75
6"
3
266
214
12
23
16
100
41
4
4
7
71
36
1
1
8
66
White renters
27
Colored viwners
Colored renters
Other
1
2
Total
4,083
1,603
983
449
163
521
156
112
96
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
White owners
1,826
7,202
121
1,654
106
273
2,821
87
838
•64
415
63
515
26
306
1,123
9
214
13
62
299
5
29
8
227
546
7
67
7
24
55
10
16
8
White renters
4
Colored owners
Colored renters
1
Other
3
Total
10,408
4,023
8,857
1,665
896
844
79
26
16
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
White owners
649
953
80
141
600
460
686
17
105
818
128
148
10
21
150
83
72
2
9
66
8
11
i*
20
18
80
1
4
49
i
2
2
While renters
2 1 2
Colored ownorH
1
Colored renters.
1
Other *
6 1
Total
2,382
1,586
457
182
40
102
8
2
5
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
White owners
4,216
8,799
854
2,383
877
2,927
6,587
810
1,996
824
508
1,100
28
202
24
204
863
7
99
11
76
'106
16
2
216
397
4
51
6
60
106
1
14
4
60
8 ..
3.
75
White renters
59
Colored owners
2
Colored renters
Otber
3
Total
16,129
12,146
1,962
684
202
674
185
147 '
1
139
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
White owners
3,856
7,638
2,411
6,372
1,279
2,796
6,992
1,876
5,835
1,083
597
1,108
819
738
147
218
294
133
200
29
34
40
20
86
2
154
149
53
56
11
17
21
5
8
1
12
14
5
5
3
27
White renters
15
Colored owners
Colored renters
Other
3
Total
21,660
17,082
2,909
874
132
422
47
3J
45
Table XLVI. — Tenure of farms, by size and by race of occupanL Cultivated area,
CUBA.
Total
area.
Under i
caballe-
ria.
iand
under |
caballe-
rla.
iand
under 1
caballe-
rla.
land
under 1
caba-
lleria.
land
under 8
caballe-
rias.
3 and
under 6
caballe-
rias.
5 and
under 10
caballe-
rlas.
* 10 and
over.
White owners
White renters
Colored owners
Colored renters
Other
11,180.53
11,826.94
743.80
2.191.75
1,089.37
851.22
1,922.58
274.66
900.52
221.58
815.87
1,790.83
142. 15
485.92
139.30
671.60
l,4n.02
92.28
308.03
91.56
266.50
563.37
20.75
77.16
36.84
1,534.06
2,296.18
104.75
260.62
153.46
790.68
915.27
34.29
78.40
80.06
1,176.15
1,082.22
47.92
57.10
75.20
5,074.45
1,866.97
27.00
24.00
291.37
Total
27,082,39
4,170.56
3,878.67
2,674.49
954.62
4,849.07
1,898.70
2,438.59
7,272.79
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AGRICULTUBE.
557
Table XLV'I. — Tenure of farms, by size and by race ofoccupanl. CulHvaied area — Cont'd.
PROVINCE OP HABANA.
Total
area.
Under*
cabal le-
rla.
iand
under 4
caballe-
ria.
iand
under |
caballe-
ria.
land
under 1
caba.
llerla.
land
under 3
cabaUe-
rias.
Sand
under 6
cabelle-
rias.
5 and
under 10
caballe-
rias.
10 and
over.
White owners
White renters
Colored ownen. . . .
1.284.49
1,650.12
10.11
88.16
160.33
91.88
142.71
2.86
13.02
14.02
181.22
337.16
2.75
80.08
24.18
163.06
342.69
8.75
22.71
19.64
62.81
187.91
.75
7.16
11.63
801.74
414.78
92.00
113.87
148.79
126.05
244.00
35.00
Colored renters
16.20
21.72
Other
20.09
28.00
21 26
Total
3.193.21
263.99
. 575.39
661.74
219.65
753.39
228.96
302.84
300.25
PROVINCE OP MATANZAS.
White owners
White renters
Colored owners
3,141.50
1,469.15
62.15
126.98
102.57
64.67
67.72
7.08
28.21
2.51
120.46
116.20
7.78
27.25
2.44
106.88
102.37
7.26
18.68
4.86
62.48
68.19
***4."62"
2.41
886.68
817.68
19.97
27.70
26.27
861.80
164.84
14.06
14.00
24.46
467.11
289.50
6.00
6.62
16.00
1,583.08
412.66
Colored renters
Other
10.00
25 &?
Total
4,902.86
166.19
274.12
284.90
127.65
776.80
668.66
734.23 j 2,031.30
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
White owners
White renters
Colored owners
892.63
2,826.64
36.81
464.67
93.03
82.29
841.06
4.39
99.64
6.08
112.40
631.18
16.29
139.82
6.93
158.94
670.81
4.60
109.31
6.60
47.28
228.66
3.63
22.63
2.27
287.98
714.82
8
69.87
9.25
78.60
190.87
66.62
96.25
114.66
65.00
Colored renters. . . .
14.00
Other
63.00
Total
4,308.78
482.85
906.12
846.06
304.44
1,089.42
268.87
160.87
246.66
PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
White owners
892.06
266.24
7.49
34.79
238.34
47.57
68.72
1.87
11.36
39.19
40.21
47.34
3.16
6.43
61.96
18.04
41.92
1.11
6.16
38.39
6.74
9.M
**"'.*86*
17.43
23.60
37.36
1.35
6.99
72.23
256.00
White renters
Colored owners
8.22
11.14
42.00
Colored renters. . . .
4
19.14
Other
Total
938.92
168.71
149.10
104.61
34.57
141.43
31.36
11.14
296.00
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
White owners
White renters
Colored owners —
Colored renters
8,162.12
3,721.92
82.69
426.32
121.86
276.98
612.96
26.24
163.29
26.42
173.44
823.29
8.09
58.34
6.48
111.93
197.02
8.83
62.54
6.36
60.15
86.46
"is. 63'
1.53
319.79
597.49
3.50
70.64
10.20
212.73
376.21
3.03
50.00
13.37
420.33
523.28
11.00
18.58
16.00
1,587.77
1,005.22
27.00
Other
41.50
Total
7,614.91
1,104.88
569.64
871.68
16L 17
1,001.62
656.34
989.19 2,661.49
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
White owners
White renters
Colored owners
2,307.73
1,892.87
514. 66
1,060.83
373. 24
339.83
689.43
232.22
690.10
134.36
188.15
saMe
KM. 08
224.50
47.31
117.81
166.21
71.83
104.74
15.91
27.62
32.61
16.37
28.87
1.67
215.37
2I4.-60
71.93
70.32
14.79
56.15
71.76
17.20
10.40
3.00
74.30
87.00
30.92
31.90
16.20
1,289
306.10
Colored renters . .
Other
140.00
Total
6,179.22
1,986.44
899.20
466.50
107.14
687.01
168.51
240.32
1,736.10
Digitized by VjOOQIC
558
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
b
I
>
H
<
o
p
I
8s
i
c
=t
^1
§£822
2SSS
Sr^S?^
C'Saw
3§§§l
gs§??
si§ii
oo«o ci"
IS
C C
CE§S
12,961
20,429
173
7M
§
9
47,177
78,554
246
4,076
5.569
8,336
5,711
9
264
205
of
9.127
20,206
97
860
1,409
i
2*
9
8,218
11.271
145
218
1.886
8,969
5,481
194
618
719
s
aS
s
8,941
1,119
9
- 489
817
to
87,224
47,889
454
8,818
4,077
s*
gf'sa
S
N
il
s
V
62,182
104.935
762
7,628
6,965
588
1,257
62
148
112
g
150,142
108,791
864
4,466
15,681
1
34,926
63,526
403
2,139
5,638
2
i
if
1
B
e
0
1
1
t-
1
14,768
7,008
999
1,915
1 1
22,656
12, 178
1,124
2,427
' 8"
8,476
1,644
24
241
6,996
6,460
110
620
i u
?§^§'
' i
2g.c
• CO
: 3
1,588
614
94
117
g§"8
: S
56,068
. 48,799
2,647
6,910
1 S
' 2
s
ggc.^-
1 §
891
2,577
60'
i i
CO
47,267
88,832
2,554
6,150
t OKA
1 §
• 8
8,046
860
70
114
8 S
841,570
843,120
11,281
21,629
2,786
984
634
48
nnn
J s
V
White owners
White renters
Colored owners
Colored renters
>
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AGRICULTURE.
559
1
'■B
1 2
I. §
i
T
3
as «
Sl'§
l§Ss§
ss^s**
s^
§Sli^
gg-^l?
II
im^
3|«'s:i
tt) 0) C e
lllll
o
g
s
d
4,747
7,334
820
1,448
7,880
?
s
'
6.281
10,681
819
1,777
11,960
i
m^H
1
M^H
1
ir
=
§
BrH
§
S5
e*
s
1,599
964
127
61
2,398
-5
1.840
1.302
44
444
847
5
V
11.817
17,846
771
2,826
19,963
a
i9"«g
!
S2
^§J
s
8.538
14,894
487
1,712
15,779
a
566
1.407
46
214
2,160
86,933
8,779
216
870
8.703
8
ir^i
2
1
2
E
c
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1
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.
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560 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Table XLVIII. — Suffar plantatiom clauified by area.
Tou.. ^«;^J^JiSi Jl^
Whiteownera ' 4,641
White renters .
Colored owners.
Colored renters.
Other
8.G94
Total.
6.730 I 5,762
2,645
1,065
15,621
493
2,555
1,023
18,617
587
18
63
28
1,094
147
170
8
18
16
854
3.239
oordels.
186
125
5
7
3.240- I 8,100- 1 16. 200-
8.099 I 16.199 . 32.399
cordels-lcordels. cordela.
281
201
581
32,400
cordels
and
over.
107
41 ,
13
5
83
11
2 ..
1
i
?
8
1 ,..
1
15 ,
Table XLIX. — Number <md average size, in cordelSf of augar planiation$.
Total.
White own-
er*.
White rent-
ers.
Colored own- Colored rent- other
ers. ers.
Province.
•
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age
size.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age
size.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age
iiize.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age
size.
Num-
ber.
Aver
5S.
Habana
Matanwis ....
IMnardel Rio
1,099
2,133
178
1,419
6,474
6.218
254
684
480
74
317
132
435
1,049
44
846
1,646
1.021
845
802
826
251
481
390
557
797
101
627
2,704
2,044
196
430
368
17
307
92
4
60
91
188
58
182
30
99
869
1,407
77 45
119 45
281 3
9 426
86 121
27 446
3«
620
1.191
2D
22S
121
Puerto Prin-
cipe
Santa Clara..
Santiago
21
184
301
10
93
42
Total...
15,621
267 1 4,541
507
6,730
225
620
71
2,645
66 1,085
126
Table L. — Tobacco plantations, damfied by area.
White owners. .
White renters..
Colored owners
Colored renters
Other
Total
Total.
8,131
10,203
190
1,948
364
15,881
0-80
cordels.
2,463
8,119
171
1,696
12,773
81-161 162-242
cordels. cordels.
866
1,309
10
196
19
1.889
158
448
6
89
9
660
cordels.
324 cor-
dels and
over.
43
105
1
3
2 I
102
222
2
10
9
154
346
Table LI, — Number and average size, in cordels, of tobacco planUUions.
Total.
White own-
ers.
White rent-
ers.
Colored own- Colored rentr
ers. ers.
Other.
Province.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age
size.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age
size.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age
size.
Num-
ber.
^^'' Num-
Aver-
age
size.
Num.
ber.
Aver-
age
rise.
Habana
Matanzas ....
Pinardel Rio.
Puerto Prin-
cipe
Santa Clara . .
Santiago.....
2,627
90
8,133
79
4,334
668
42
52
73
12
24
17
709
42
1,126
21
1,148
85
49
66
101
18
26
19
1,620
36
6,586
27
2,604
830
39
27
72
9
26
18
14
4
77
1
68
26
29
159
60
2
10
17
86
6
1,260
3
422
167
25
10
45
8
15
18
96
•- 3
84
27
92
60
57
74
185
11
8
10
Total...
15,831
62
8,131
68
10,203
63
190
82 1 1,943
86
364
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EDUCATION. 665
EDUCATION.
Before describing the system of schools in Cuba and presenting the
results of the census as shown in the schedules of education, it has
been thought advisable to give a brief history of the subject as being
of much interest to Cubans. This would not have been practicable
from such investigation as the Director of the Census has been able to
make, but fortunately the recent report of Mr. Robert L. Packard to
the Commissioner of Education of the United States (see Report of
the Commissioner, vol. 1, 1897-98) on education in Cuba, Porto Rico
and the Philippines has removed all diflSculty on this point and no
apology is thought necessary for the copious extracts taken from his
interesting and valuable memoir.
It may be said by way of preface that before the nineteenth century,
education in Spain, as elsewhere- in Europe, was confined almost
exclusively to the children of those who could pay for it. Public and
free schools were but little known. It is hardly to be expected, there-
fore, that the colonies of Spain would take more advanced ground or
show greater interest in education as a means of general improvement
than the mother country, in which the degree of illiteracy was, until
very recently, as great as in any other civilized nation.
Commenting on the state of education in the early days of Cuba,
Mr. Packard remarks as follows:
Even in Habana, up to the beginning of the last century, there were no public
elementary schools, and the need of them became so evident that, by the munificence
of a citizen (Caraballo), the Bethlehemite fathers opened a school where reading,
writing, and arithmetic were taught, which was attended by 200 pupils. In Villa
Clara a school w^as in existence since the foundation of the town, in 1689. In 1712
the philanthropic Don Juan Congedo, of Remedios, opened a free school there, and
another in 1757 at Carmen. Another was opened at Arriaga in 1759; but on the
death of Congedo these schools were closed. Don Juan Felix de Moya reopened that
at Carmen, and the municipality in 1775 voted $25 a year for the support of the
other, but both ceased to operate definitely in 1787. In 1771 Matanzas, seventy-
eight years after its foundation, authorized its governor to engage a school-teacher in
Habana.
Nor were secondary studies of a high character in the last century. Then, and
subsequently, too, as the historian, Bachiller, quoted by Mitjans, remarks, more
attention was paid to the pretentious form than the substance, and the title of
academy or institute was given to institutions which were hardly more than pri-
mary schools, which held out inducements of a speedy preparation for the univer-
sity. At that time, it should be remembered, the natural sciences had not reached
the importance they subsequently attained, and the study of philosophy required the
royal permission, so that secondary instruction was reduced to a superficial study
of the humanities, especially Latin, which occupied the leading place on account of
its use in fitting for the university and because teachers of Latin were easily found
among the clergy, who were the principal factors of education at that period. All
tills may be said without detracting from the praieeworthy efforts and antiquity of
some institutions like the Chapter of Habana, which in 1603, convinced of the need
Digitized by VjOOQIC
566 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
of a teacher of grammar, voted a hundred dacats for the support of one who should
teach Latin; hut aa the plan did not meet with the royal approbation they were
obliged to drop the project, only to re\ive it afterwards with a larger salary. In the
same year the municipality provided for continuing classes in grammar by a monk
of the convent, which had been suspended. In 1607 Bishop Juan de las Cabezas
• Altamirano founded the Tridentine Seminary, the citizens offering to pay part of
the expenses annually. The secular clergy also gave lessons in LaUu and morals, as
Conyedo did, who prepared students for the priesthood in Villa Clara, and later Fr.
Antonio Perez de Corcho, who gave lectures on philosophy in the monastery of his
order. By the bull of Adrian VI of Aprih 28, 1522, the Scholatria was established
at Santiago de Cuba for giving instruction in Latin, and by his will, dated May 15,
1571, Capt. Francisco de Paradas left a considerable sum for the foundation of a
school in Bayamo, which in 1 720 was intrusted to the charge of two monks of San
Domingo, in whose hands the estate increased. In 1689 the College of San Ambro-
sio was established in Habana with 12 bursarships for the purpose of preparing
young men for the church, but it did not fulfill its purpose, and subsequently
received the severe censure of Bishop Hechavarria Yelgueza on account of its defec-
tive education, which had become reduced to Latin and singing. Fr. Jo86 Marfa
Penalver opened a chair of eloquence and literature in the convent of La Merced in
1788, which also was not a success.
After these attempts the foundation of a Jesuit college in Habana gave a new
impulse to education. From the first, according to the historian Arriete, quoted by
Mitjans, the priests of this order had observed the inclination of the inhabitants of
Habanatoward education, and Pezuela states in his history of Cuba that the mimici-
pality in 1656 wished to establish a college of the order, but the differences between
the Jesuits and the prelates in the other colonies had been so frequent that the
bishops and priests in Habana opposed the plan. But as the population increased
the demands for the college multiplied, and in 1717 a citizen of Habana, Don Gre-
gorio Diaz Angel, contributed $40,000 in funds for the support of the college. The
necessary license was obtained in 1721; three more years were spent in selecting and
purchasing the ground, when the institution was opened under the name of the Col-
lege of San Ignacio. The old college of San Ambrosio, which had been under the
direction of the Jesuits since its establishment in 1689, was then united with it,
although the old college still retained its distinctive character as a foundation school
for the church.
As early as 1688 the ayuntamienio (or dty council) of Habana applied to the
Royal Gk)vemment to establish a university in the city in order that young men
desirous of study might not be compelled to go to the mainland or Spain. This
request was furthered by Bishop Vald^, and finally, by a letter of Innocent XIII of
September 12, 1721, the fathers of the convent of S. Juan de Letran were authorized
to found the iuptitution desired, and after some years of preparation it was opened
in 1728, but the chairs of morals, philosophy, and canon law were filled previously
by the Dominicans even before the funds were available. The university, by the
order received, was to have been modeled upon that of Santo Domingo, but finally
the task of preparing the regulations for the new university was intrusted to the
fathers above mentioned by a royal letter in 1732, and they were approved by the
university authorities, the Captain-General, and in Spain by the Council of the Indies
on June 27,1734. The rectors, vice-rectors, counselors, and secretaries were to be
Dominicans, a condition that produced innumerable rivalries and disputes until 1842.
The first professors were appointed to their positions without limit of time. After-
wards they obtained their places by competition and for a term of six years only.
The first rector, Fr. Tomds de Linares, was appointed by the King in 1728, but his
successors were elected by the university authorities and were renewed annually.
Among the early rectors were Bishop Morell, of Santa Cruz, and the renowned
Cuban orator, Rafael del Castillo. Unfortunately for a century the university was
Digitized by VjOOQIC
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EDtTCAtlON. 66Y
an insignificant element of culture and was only useful as a subject of boasting on
the part of Spain that she had introduced her civilization on this side of the water
and on that of the Cubans that they were advancing in sciences and arts. Several .
causes tended to restrict the value of the university. In the first place, it was
modeled on a sixteenth century pattern. The Aristotelian system prevailed in its
entirety. The professor of mathematics was to teach, besides practical arithmetic,
which consisted of the first four rules with the aurea, elementary geometry, trigono-
metry, and astronomy and its *' deductions for the use of our Lord and King." There
were polemical and civil architecture, geography, the sphere, mechanics, optics, etc.
These subjects should have been included in the course of philosophy, and there
were few students even of the four rules and the aurea. The philosophical system
was the scholastic, with its eternal sumulas and involved system of logic and its
■defective ideas of physics. The course lasted three years, the first two of which
were occupied with logic and the Aristotelian philosophy. But the university would
not have benefited much more if it had been modeled upon a Spanish university of
the eighteenth century, because the mother country was on. the low scientific level
to. which the deadly politics of the Austrians had reduced her. When Charles III
urged the rectors of universities in Spain to reform education, he was told that it was
impossible to depart from the Aristotelian system or follow the innovations of Galileo
and Newton, because they were not in accord with inviolable tradition. Further-
more, it was not always possible to find suitable teachers in Cuba. For this reason
the chair of mathematics was vacant for a long time. Sometimes the Government
refused to adopt very useful ideas on behalf of the university, either by negligence
or ignorance, or for economical reasoqg. Thus the rector, in 1761, petitioned for
the erection of a chair of experimental physics, which was refused, and two of
mathematics, only one of which was granted. A new plan of study was drawn up,
in view of the pressing need of reform, but was allowed to lie unnoticed. In 1796
Don Jos^ Augustin Caballero made an address in the section of sciences and arts
of the Sociedad Econ6mica, in which he deplored the backward condition of educa-
tion, which, he said, retarded and embarassed the progress of the arts and sciences,
without, however, any fault on the part of the teachers, who could only obey and
execute their instructions. On motion of Sefior Caballero a representation was
made to the King, by a committee of the society, of the necessity of reforming
education in the itland, banning with the university. The committee declared,
among other things, that no mathematics was taught, nor chemistry, nor practical
anatomy. General Las Casas supported this motion, but the Government took no
action. The same indifference, or worse, was manifested by the Spanish Govern-
ment in other parts of America. It refused to permit the foundation of academies,
or universities, or chairs of mathematics, law, or pilot schools (the latter being pure
luxuries, the decree said) . The cacique, Don Juan Cirillo de Castilla endeavored
during thirty years to obtain permission to establish a college for Indians in his
native country, but died finally in Madrid without obtaining it. The archbishop of
Guatemala left money by his will for establishing a chair of moral philosophy, but
the minister directed the money to be sent to Spain, it having been improperly
devised, as he declared. Charles IV prohibited the establishment of the University
of Merida in Maracaibo on the ground that he did not deem it expedient that enlight-
enment should become general in America. There were other instances of the same
policy in Chile an4 Peru; and yet, notwithstanding all these restrictions, Humboldt
observed " a great intellectual movement and a youth endowed with a fair faculty
for learning the sciences — a sure sign of the political and moral revolution that was
in preparation."
In Santiago de Cuba the seminary of San Basilio Magno was founded by Bishop
Francisco Ger6nimo Vald^s in 1722, for ecclesiastical studies, with an endowment of
12,000 pesos. This establishment, however, did not come into operation until th^
latter part of the last century. More important waa the foundation of the coUeg9
Digitized by VjOOQIC
568 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18d9.
and seminary of San Carlos and San Ambrosio in Habana in 1773, which was not
destined exclusively for the education of ecclesiastics, but included three courses of
philosophy and letters preparatory to, and besides, the higher faculties of theology,
law, and mathematics, the last two of which, however, were not opened until the
beginning of the present century,
»»»»»»»
The second epoch in the intellectual history of Cuba began with the administration
of Don Luis de las Casas, whose name is held in grateful remembrance by Cubans,
and who inaugurated a new era by his zealous and noble enthusiasm in promoting
intellectual and educational activity. He founded the first literary periodical and
the Sociedad Econ6mica (sometimes called Patri6tica) de Habana, which has been
the first mover in all the advances in the material interests and education of the
island. With him cooperated an eminent physician. Dr. Romay; Arango, the dis-
tinguished writer on economics; Caballero; Penalver, archbishop of Guatemala; and
many others. The Sociedad £con6mica was charged by a royal order with the care of
education in Cuba. An inventory was taken of the primary schools in 1793 and a
deplorable state of affairs was found. In Habana there were only 39 schools, 32 of
which were for girls, and the instruction was of the worst, nothing but reading being
taught in many of them which were in charge of colored women. The society then
founded two free schools for the poor of both sexes. The society met with much
opposition, in part from Bishop Trespalacios, who was envious of Las Casas, but it
succeeded in founding schools with the help of the religious orders, particularly the
school of the Benificencia in 1799 and the Ursulines in 1803. It endeavored to estab-
lish members of the order of San Sulpici(if which had met with such success with
education in New Orleans, but without result. Outside the capital gratuitous
instruction for the people did not exist; except in isolated cases due to individual
efforts, principally of the clergy. In 1801 the Sociedad took another school census
and found the number of schools in the city to be 71, with 2,000 pupils, most of
which were not under the government and were taught by ignorant colored women
who had neither method nor order. Recognizing these fatal defects, the society
endeavoretl to induce the government to issue regulations reforming the schools and
providing faithful, competent, and interested teachers, but without result In 1816
the section of education was formed and the government granted $32,000 for primary
instruction, and at this time some improvements in the condition of this branch were
made. But notwithstanding the efforts of individuals, the funds were insufficient
for the growing needs, and some of the new schools had only an ephemeral existence.
Secondary and superior education. — The society also devoted its enei^gies to opening
new branches of study in higher education. In 1793 it was proposed to found a
chair of chemistry, and a subscription of $24,615 was immediately raised; but owing
to the difficulty of finding a professor in Europe the chair was not filled until 1819.
The apparatus was brought from Europe, and after some delay quarters for a labora-
tory were found in the hospital of San Ambrosio. The first professor was Don Joe6
Tasso.
The society in 1794 formed a plan of secondary instruction, which included mathe-
matics, drawing, physics, chemistr}', natural history, botany, and anatomy. (The
date and scope of this plan are noteworthy. Its spirit is quite modem.) The crea-
tion of a botanic garden was proposed in 1795, but the plan did not meet with such
enthusiasm as the chemical laboratory, which, it was hoped, might be of use to the
sugar industry. The course of anatomy was opened in 1797. In this same year a
real revolution took place in the instruction in philosophy at the Colegio Seminario
de San Carlos, the old Aristotelian philosophy becoming replaced by modem meth-
ods in the lectures on logic of Caballero. But in 1811, when Felix Varela took the
chair of philosophy, the old system received its death blow, the names of modem
thinkers became familiar in the schools, and their doctrines were freely examined.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
EDUCATION. 569
The 8tudent8 were taught to use their reason as a guide and to ignore all the useless
quibbles and confused terminology of the scholastic philosophy. One of his pupils,
afterwards well known in Cuba, Don Jos6 de la Luz, said of his teacher, **He was
the first who taught us to think." He also used Spanish instead of Latin in his lec-
tures, retaining the latter only one day in the week in order that its use might not
be forgotten. Part of his Institutions of Eclectic Philosophy were published in
Spanish. In physics Varela was also an esteemed professor, but later on this chair
at the college was filled by Jos^ Antonio Saco, who followed in brilliant lectures,
day by day, the most recent discoveries made in Europe. The government having
ordered, in 1813, that political economy should be taught in the universities, the
Sociedad Econ6mica established a chair of this subject in San Carlos in 1818, which
was supported by voluntary subscriptions. The new spirit was shown further by a
change in the law course from an excessive devotion to the study of the Roman
digests to the fuller study of Spanish law. At this period medicine, which, as we
shall see, received such preeminent attention at a later period, was far behind the
age. Until 1824 there was no chair of surgery, and chemistry and philosophy were
twenty years behind the times. The promoters of superior instruction in the begin-
ning of the new epoch, which Mitjans puts between 1790 and 1820, were Las Casas,
Bishop Espado, and the intendent Ramirez, who was mainly instrumental in organ-
izing the instruction in chemistry and other scientific branches, with the constant
cooperation of the Sociedad Econ6mica. » ♦ *
In the second period of the new epoch — from 1820 to 1842 — the Sociedad Eco-
n6mica, always in the vanguard of the intellectual movement, began to find the
fruits of its earlier efforts in the works of the younger men who had profited by them,
and in 1830 a committee on history was formed and another on literature. The Gov-
ernment was now in far other hands than those of Las Casas, and did its best in the
person of General Tacon to suppress the new political and ecomical views> mainly,
it is true, on account of articles which appeared in the journals published under the
auspices of the society. Still, in 1833, by virtue of a royal order, the committee on
literature constituted itself an independent academy, which encouraged or founded
literary periodicals. Its serious were the place of meeting for all the leading men
in Cuba who were interested in letters and new ideas, and it collected a valuable
library. * » ♦
The political changes of 1820 in Spain had their effect upon education. Upon the
suppression of the convents the Government gave the chapel of one of the Augustine
orders to the Sociedad Econ6mica for establishing a normal school, and established
a chair of constitutional law in the seminary of San Carlos and in the university,
but both the normal school and the new chairs were soon after suppressed by another
political change in 1824, and the $32,000 which the section of education had received
from the municipality for elementary education was also reduced, soon after which
that section received its deathblow by the royal order of February 8, 1825, withdraw-
ing the funds which had been allotted to it, in consequence of which it was no longer
possible to maintain the new free schools. It is to be observed that during the reign
of Ferdinand VII the university, which was more directly connected with the Madrid
Government, suffered more than San Carlos, which wm protected by the Sociedad
Econ6mica and the diocesan bishop, and it remained in a backward state until the
Government commissioned Francisco de Arango to examine and report upon the con-
dition of the institution, which task he accomplished, with the aid of those most
interested in the needed reforms. His report in 1827 led to the reforms embodied in
the plan of 1842. The medical faculty meanwhile was reorganized and modernized,
and philosophy also, in the hands of the new teachers, became a living force, the
French school (Cousin) being represented in the period from 1840 to 1856.
In primary and secondary education a great advance was made in the private col-
leges. From 1827 to 1830 the convenient distinction was drawn between elementary
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and snperior inBtniction, and new colleges were established (five in number) in
which the instruction was so excellent that it was said in 1830 that there was no
longer any need to send young men abroad for their education. The professors ip
these colleges were well-known men of letters.
As to free primary instruction, outside of Habana and Matangas it was in an
exceedingly backward state. The census of 1833 showed that there were only 9,082
pupils registered in the schools of the whole island, and this figure is far above the
number of those actually attending. There were then 190,000 or 200,000 inhabitants
under 16 years of age. The provinces of Puerto Principe and Santiago, with 250,000
or 300,000 inhabitants each, had 1,408 and 991 pupils in school in 1840, respectively.
In Villa Clara there was only one school from 1821 to 1834. ♦ * ♦
Secondary and superior instruction,^ — ^The royal decrees concerning secondary and
superior instruction in Cuba and Porto Rico during the first half of the century
provided principally for making valid in Spain the titles of licentiate or doctor
obtained in Cuba and Porto Rico. In 1863 a general reform of public instruction
was effected, by virtue of which it was divided into primary, secondary, superior,
and professional branches. In 1871 a decree provides that professors of the University
of Habana are eligible for professorships in Spain, which was followed in 1878 by a
decree making the professorate in the colonies and the Peninsula one body.
In 1880, at the close of the ten-year insurrection, special schools, which had been
called for by circumstances, such as the dental college of Habana, were created,
besides societies of agriculture, industry, and commerce. In this year the minister
for the colonies drew up a memorial of the unsatisfactory condition of public educa-
tion in Cuba and Porto Rico, especially in regard to the university and institute of
Habana. It recites that the first step toward secularizing education and assimilating
it with that of Spain in that respect was taken in 1842, and that the assimilation was
nearly complete by 1863, as far as legislation and form were concerned. But Cuba,
he adds, was not then prepared for so vast and centralized an organization, and
many obstacles and delays arose that checked the proposed reform. The insurrec-
tion of 1868 interfered with education very seriously, interrupting the studies, and so
making it difficult or impossible for students to finish their courses, which again
unfitted them to become teachers in the secondary schools which were soon after
established all over the island. This state of things also interfered with the habili-
tation in the Peninsula of studies followed in Cuba, and so tended to separate the
two countries in that respect. All these considerations led to the decree of June 18,
1880, regulating superior and secondary instruction, and coordinating those branches
in Cuba with the same grades in Spain established by the decrees of 1874 and order of
1875. One of the principal features of this decree was the article authorizing the
establishment of a secondary institution in the capital of each Cuban province, at
the expense of the province or municipality, with a subvention from the Grovemor-
Greneral from the estimates for the island. < In capitals where there were no public
secondary institutes, colleges of the religious orders might be substituted by the
Governor-General with the advice of the council. But the degrees granted by these
private institutions were to be verified, as only the degrees of public institutions were
recognized. In accordance with this decree an institute of secondary education was
established in Porto Rico in 1882, there being already several in Cuba; an agricul-
tural commission was organized in Cuba, and in 1885 a professional school was estab-
lished in Porto Rico like those in Habana, where there were a nautical school, a
professional school proper, fitting its students to practice chemistry and the mechanic
arts, and an art school. In 1886 the following plan of studies were drawn up for the
law faculty of the University of Habana, which we give here for the sake of showing
1 From the Diccionario de Legislacidn de Tii8trucci6ii Pdblica. Edaardo Orbanejo. ValladoUd,
1893.
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EDUCATION. 571
the scope of the studies in that department. There are two sections, one of the
candidates for the licentiate and the other for the doctor's degree.
Section of the licentiate: Metaphysics, general and Spanish literature, critical
history of Spain,. elements of law, political economy and statistics, general history of
Spanish law, principles of Roman law; Spanish law, civil, common, and statute;
criminal law; mercantile law of Spain, and of the principal countries of Europe and
America; principles of canon law, political and administrative law, elements of
finance, public international law, private international law; proceedings in civil,
criminal, canon, and administrative law, and theory and practice of briefing public
instruments.
Section of doctorate: Philosophy of law, higher course of Roman law, church his-
tory and discipline, public ecclesiastical law, history and critical examination of the
principal treaties between Spain and other powers, principles of public law of
ancient and modem peoples, history of private law of ancient and modem peoples;
law literature, principally Spanish.
A similar reform was. effected in the faculties of medicine and pharmacy of the
University of Habana in 1887 by a royal decree, which brought that faculty upon
the level of a Spanish university. The plan of studies was as follows:
Preparatory course, — ^Physics, advanced course; general chemistry; mineralogy and
botany; zoology.
These subjects were to be studied in the /acuity of sciences and natural history.
Section of liceniiaies. — Descriptive anatomy and embryology; normal histology and
hiflto-chemistry; technical anatomy, practice in dissection, in histology and histo-
chemistry; human physiology, theoretical and experimental; private hygiene; gen-
eral pathology, with clinics and clinical preliminaries; therapeutics, materia medica,
with writing prescriptions, and hydrology, hydrotherapeutics, and electrotherapeutics;
pathological anatomy; sui^cal pathology; topographic anatomy; practice of medi-
cine, with clinics; cUnical surgery, medical pathology, clinical medicine; obstetrics
and gynecology, with clinics; special course on the diseases of children, with clinics;
public hygiene, with medical statistics and sanitary legislation; legal and toxico-
logical medicine.
Course for doctorcUe. — Critical history of medicine; public hygiene, advanced
course, including a historical and geographical course of endemics and epidemics;
biological chemistry, with analysis; chemical analysis, especially of poisons.
Lectures upon some of the above studies are appointed to be had every day during
the course, others daily for a certain time, and others twice a week, according .to the
importance of the subject.
The plan of studies for pharmacy included the preparatory course above given.
Then follows:
Course for licentiates. — Study of physical instruments and apparatus as applied to
pharmacy, with exercises for practice; descriptive botany, with determination of
medical plants; mineralogy and zoology applied to pharmacy, with the correspond-
ing pharmaceutical material; inorganic chemistry applied to pharmacy, with exer-
cises; v^etable materia pharmaceutica; exercises in animal, vegetable, and mineral
materia pharmaceutica; organic chemistry applied to pharmacy, with exercises;
chemical analysis, particularly of foods, medicines, and poisons, with exercises;
practical pharmacy and sanitary legislation.
Course for doctort^ degree, — Biological chemistry, with analysis; critical history of
pharmacy and pharmaceutical bibUography.
The decree specifies in what way the programme is to be carried out This pro-
gramme is essentially the same as that of a European university.
As showing a disposition to adopt new features, it is important to note that the
same decree that contains the above programme also directs that a chair of industrial
mechanics and applied chemistry shall be created in the Habana Institute. This
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institute already poseeesed a chair of experimental physics, while practically chem-
istry and mechanics were taught in the profespional schools.
We give also the plan of studies of the faculties of philosophy and letters and of
sciences of the university as prescribed by royal order of 1887, together with the
attendance of 1888-89.
As these studies are of a general nature they are not designed to fit students for
professions like the special subjects in the law and medical faculties. The list shows
the interest shown in such subjects.
Programme of the Royal UmvergUy of Habanay 1S88-89.
FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY AND LETTEBS.
Students.
General and Spanish literature 119
General literature 7
Spanish literature w 15
Greek, first course 19
Greek, second course 10
Greek and Latin literature 12
General history:
First course 19
Second course 25
Metaphysics:
First course 132
Second course 12
Critical history of Spain 124
Hebrew 1
Arabic 8
^Esthetics 4
History of philosophy 4
Critical history of Spanish literature 6
Sanskrit 5
Note. — At the same time 24 students were classified in this faculty from pri-
vate instruction, having passed their examinations — i. e., their degrees having
been verified, as explained in the decrees. Of these 24, 5 were examined in
Porto Rico.
FACULTY OP SCIENCES.
General studies:
Mathematical analysis —
First course 19
Second course 7
Geometry 19
Analytical geometry 6
Cosmography and physics of the globe 8
Advanced physics • 137
General chemistry . 141
General zoology '. 138
Mineralogy and botany ^ 138
Linear drawing 9
Physico-mathematical sciences:
Differential and integral calculus 2
Theoretical mechanics 1
Descriptive geometry *. 1
Advanced experimental physics ^ 6
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EDUCATION. 573
Physico-mathematical sciences — Continued.
Higher physics —
First course 1
Second course '. 2
Experimental) first course 1
Experimental,' second course 2
Geodesy 1
Mathematical physics 3
Theoretical and practical astronomy 3
Physics and chemistry —
Inorganic chemistry 4
Experimental chemistry ^ 4
Organic chemistry and experimental 8
Drawing applied to physico-chemical science 3
Natural scienceSi including anatomy and animal and vegetable physiology, miner-
alogy, zoography of vertebrates, articulates, mollusks, and zoophytes, phytography
and botanical geography, drawing applied to natural history, comparative anatomy,
and stratigraphic paleontology, 27 students in all.
We give the programme of the Institute of Habana, to illustrate the grade or scope
of this class of instruction in Cuba. The programmes of the other provincial insti-
tutes are essentially similar to it, some of the commercial subjects being dropped or
changed: Latin and Spanish (two courses), rhetoric and poetry, geography, Spanish
history, general history, psychology, logic and ethics, arithmetic and algebra, geom-
etry and trigonometry, physics, chemistry, natural history, physiology and hygiene,
agriculture, mercantile arithmetic and bookkeeping, geography and commercial
statistics, political economy, practical commercial exercises, chemistry applied to the
arts, industrial mechanics, French, English, and German (two courses each).
This, it will be seen, is a very "practical" course.
The preparatory course of the professional school of the island of Cuba comprised
arithmetic, algebra, linear drawing, geometry, trigonometry, and ornamental draw-
ing, while the professional course proper embraced topography, theoretical and prac-
tical surveying, topographical drawing, descriptive geometry, the mechanics of con-
struction, strength of materials, construction of all kinds, building and architectural
drawing, international mercantile law, history of commerce, the materials of com-
merce, cosmography, pilotage, and hand work.
The school of painting and sculpture of Habana had 454 students. The programme
included elementary drawing, drawing from the antique, sculpture, landscapes in lead
pencil, carbon, and oil, both copies and from nature; color drawing, claro-obecuro,
copies of pictures; drawing from nature, from the living model, and original com-
positions.
The programmes given above are too general to enable one to judge of the quality
of the instruction. For. instance, Greek might cover Xenophon, or lectures on the
tragic i)oets, or Homer, and geometry might include anything from elementary
geometry up to that of three dimensions. The inaugural addresses, 1888-89, how-
ever, before the university allow us to form an opinion. Thus, the inaugural
address in 1890 of Dr. Don Juan Vilaro y Diaz is a very able paper upon some points
in evolution, which are supported by a large number of references to observations by
the author himself and other persons. They range, as usual, in the full exposition
of the argument from paleontological data down to variations in living spieces, and
the essay is in support of natural selection. The programmes at hand, while con-
taining a plentiful amount of theoretical, mathematical, and physical subjects, have
less applied science, such as electrical and mechanical engineering, than is found in
the technological schools elsewhere, where manufactures and various industries
make a demand for them. * * *
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574 BBPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUSA, 1899.
Until the last century was far advanced the Cubans had not a single public insti-
tution where they could have their children taught to read and write. The first
school was that of the Bethlehemite fathers in Habana, and was established through
the generosity of Don Juan F. Carballo. He was, according to some authorities, a
native of Seville, and according to others, of the Canary Islands. He repaid thus
generously the debt of gratitude he owed the country where he had acquired his
wealth. Already, in the sixteenth century, a philanthropist of Santiago de Cuba,
Francisco Paradas, had afforded a like good example by bequeathing a large estate
for the purpose of teaching Latin linguistics and Christian morals. The legacy was
eventually made of avail by the Dominican friars, who administered it, but when
the convents were abolished it was swallowed by the royal treasury, and thus the
beneficent intentions of the founders were frustrated, to the permanent danger of the
unfortunate country. Only these two institutions, due entirely to individual initia-
tive, are recorded in our scholastic annals during the three first centuries of the
colony. The thirst and scent for gold reigned supreme. The sons of wealthy fami-
lies, in the absence of learning at home, sought schools and colleges in foreign parts
(in this century). On their return, with the patriotic zeal natural to cultured men,
they endeavored to better the intellectual condition of their compatriots. This
enforced emigration of Cubans in quest of learning was fought against by our Gov-
ernment The children of Cuban families were forbidden to be educated in foreign
countries. This despotic measure was adopted without any honest effort being made
to establish schools for instructing the children of a population already numbering
nearly 600,000 souls.
The Sociedad Econ6mica was founded in 1793, during the time of Las Casas, whose
name has always been venerated among Cubans. Then, as now, the members of
this association were the most talented men of the country, and their best efforts
were directed toward promoting public instruction. It gave impulse and organiza-
tion to the school system in Cuba. It established inspections, collected statistics,
and founded a newspaper to promote instruction and devoted its profits to this cause.
It raised funds and labored with such zeal and enthusiasm that it finally secured the
assistance of the coloni&l government and obtained an appropriation, though but of
small amount, for the benefit of popular instruction.
In 1793 there were only 7 schools for boys in the capital of Cuba, in which 408
white and 144 free colored children could be educated. From this privil^e the
slaves were debarred. The 7 schools referred to, besides a number of seminaries for
girls, afforded a means of livlihood for a number of free mulattoes and some whites.
The schools were private undertakings, paid for by the parents. Only one, that of
the reverend Father Senor, of Habana, was a free school. Reading, writing, and
arithmetic were taught in these schools. Lorrenzo Lendez, a mulatto of Habana,
was the only one who taught Spanish grammar. The poor of the free colored
classes were on a par with the slaves. The Sociedad Eecon6mica founded 2 free
schools, one for each sex. The bishop, Felix Jos6 de Tres Palacios, nullified the
laudable efforts of the country's well wishers by maintaining that it was unnecssary
to establish more schools. From 1793 to 1893 the society was unable to accomplish
even a part of its noble purpose; it was found impossible to obtain an official sanc-
tion of popular education. In 1817 there were 90 schools in the rest of the island—
19 districts — ^all, or nearly all, founded by private individuals. In 1816 the section
of education of the Sociedad Econ6mica was established. It afforded a powerful
impulse to the cause of education, thanks to the influential support of the governor,
Don Aliquando Ramirez. The schools improved, the boys and girls, both white and
black, were taught separately, literary contests were opened, annual examinations
were made obligatory, prizes were distributed, and a powerful incentive was created
among all classes for the cause of education. But the concessions attained for the
society by the influence of Ramirez were revoked by royal order of February, 1824.
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EDUCATION.
575
In this o^ear the mnnicipality of Habana loaned the Sociedad Patri6tica $100 for
schools.
In 1826 there were only 140 schools in the island, of which 16 were free, and in
1827 the society obtained $8,000 per annom for the establishment and maintenance
of new schools. In 1836 there were only 9,082 children receiving elementary instruc-
tion in the whole island. In 1860 the number of schools had increased to 283 for
whites and 2 for colored, yet the attendant was proportionately less than in 1836,
owing to the increase in population. Popular instruction was neglected or despised
by deputy governors (military).
The reformed course of studies of 1863 did not improve the condition of the schools,
and the secretary of the governor made recommendations that virtually tended to
keep the population in ignorance in order to keep it Spanish. In 1883 the schools
numbered as foUows:
Provlnoe.
Public.
Private.
Vacant,
Hubanft x x . . . x .
173
96
82
103
24
68
101
22
18
18
4
21
s
Matfinan
18
Pln^rilHWo.'
26
Santa Clam
8
Puerto Principe '.
8
Santiago de Ciitn
15
Total
636
184
67
But the teachers were not paid and public instruction was neglected. This work
gives a list of names of wealthy Cubans, both men and wom^, who have founded
colleges and schools, and of societies which have the promotion of education for their
object. The author adds that the clei^ are indifferent in this matter. There is not
one parish which supports a free or endowed school.
The preamble of a decree reforming education in Cuba was published in the Offi-
cial Gazette of Habana, November 17, 1871, and a translation of it is given in an
appendix in the work just quoted. On account of its historical interest we give a
summary of a portion of the preamble. It states that the insurrection of 1868 was
due to the bad system of education; that while the old methods were slow, the new
are prompted by eagerness for hurry, and the child is taught a number of things,
whereas its mind is unable to comprehend many things at a time. A number of
subjects should therefore be suppressed. Balm^ is quoted as the authority for the psy-
chology and pedagogy of the preamble. The latter goes on to say that this haste to
teach many things has made religious instruction secondary to that of the arts and
sciences, a fatal error which has produced fatal consequences." It refers to statistics
to show that crime has increased with education, and states that Aim^ Martin found
the remedy for this evil in educating instead of merely instructing. But as there
were many religious sects, Martin unfortunately selected an irreligious religion as the
means of educating, and consequently there was no decrease in crime. Seflor Lasagra
is quoted to prove that suicides are more numerous in Protestant than in Catholic
countries, and more so in the capitals than elsewhere. This is due to too great indi-
vidual freedom of thought and consequent changes in social and economic condi-
tions, which have produced dissatisfaction, despair, and suicide. Philosophical and
religious sects have multiplied, and the multiplicity of these has always and every-
where produced doubt and skepticism, which in their turn have engendered a
materialism whose only offspring is disbelief in virtue and morality. Under its
influence some are tortured with unhappiness without hope of the future, while
others are filled with envy. Religious instruction had been too much neglected or
too c^irelessly performed, and the real remedy would consist in Christianizing or
Catholicising education by putting the government and municipal machinery of edu-
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576 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
cation in the hands of the religious teaching orders, when the evil would disappear, r
It goes on to say, with severe condemnation of the schools where they had taught,
that many of the insurgents had been teachers, and mentions particularly the school
formerly conducted by Jos^ de la Luz. Instruction must be supplemented by moral
and religious education, and great care should be taken to prevent access to (politi-
cally) evil literature. Even in text-books of elementary geography, it declares,
have wicked doctrines been inserted. .In one of them we read that the greatest
event of the present century in America was the revolt of Bolivar. "See under
what seductive forms the minds of children are predisposed to treason ! ' ' The pream-
ble concludes by recommending a greater scope to religious instruction, the suppres-
sion of private teaching, and placing the plans of studies under the Catholic clergy.
There is a number of learned societies in Habana, and Mr. A. P. C. Griffin, of the
Library of Congress, has published a list of thirty-three whose publications are received
in Washington. By means of these publications and separate works, like the History
of Pezuela and the Natural History of Sagra, the history of Cuba, its natural history
(land and marine fauna, mineralogy, and botany), ethnology, and geology have been
made known, while the meteorology of the region has been investigated by the
observatory, whose work is known all over the scientific world. The number of
medical journals is noticeable, and Volume XXXIV (August and September, 1897)
of the Anales de la Real Sociedad de Ciencias M^dicas, Ffsicas y Naturales (the only
specimen at hand), contains four articles on medical subjects, \dz, a criticism by Dr.
Santos Fernandez upon certain experiments ^ith the X-rays upon a blind person,
another upon the bacillus of the tuberculosis of Koch, and the two others are experi-
mental studies connected with typhoid fever. The remaining article of the number
is a long and masterly account of the discovery of argon and prediction of helium, by
Dr. Gaston Alonso Cuadrado. The Revista Cubano contains able articles upon gen-
eral philosophical, historical, and other subjects, besides those of especial interest on
Cuba. The paper upon elementary education by Sefior Rodriguez, which we have
used, was published in that re\iew. Judging from the titles of the periodicals, we
should say that there is little of mechanical or electrical engineering or "applied sci-
ence" in them, for which there is probably no demand in Cuba, while the exhaustive
mathematical treatment of such subjects (especially that which Was " made in Ger-
many," like much recent "American science") has been imported into the United
States in the last twenty-five or thirty years, w^here there is a field and demand for it
But for a population of 200,000 souls, including many blacks, the number of scientific,
educational, and literary periodicals in Havana is remarkable, and they contain valu-
able original articles.
From the foregoing sketch it appears that public education dates
from 1842, prior to which year but little attention had been given to
free schools, and that elementary education was mainly limited to the
children of those who were able to pay for it.
The system in operation at the time of American occupation, Jan-
uary 1, 1899, was based on the law of 1865 as modified by that of 1880,
and had in view a progressive course of public and private instixiction
through primary and secondary schools to the special schools and
university, and it may be said at once that the plan of studies as thus
prescribed was excellent in theory, and had it been thoroughly carried
out by means of liberal appropriations and more attention to details
'the figures of the census would have been reversed as far as they
represent the condition of literacy in general. But, as will be ^own
later in this report, the appropriations for the schools were far from
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EDUCATION. 577
adequate and their administration most imperfect, and thus the scheme
of popular education, which as a theoretical proposition was almost
beyond adverse criticism, utterly failed to accomplish its ostensible
purpose, as the figures of the census prove.
Under the> law of 1880 the general supervision of public instruction
in all its branches was vested in the Governor-General and administered
by him through the superior board of public instruction, composed of
a vice-president and twelve other members appointed by the home
government on the recommendation of the Governor-General, who was
ex officio president of the board.
Officials of high rank in the insular government, ecclesiastics,
ex-members of the royal academies, professors, and other pei*sons of
scientific and literary reputation were eligible for appointment as
members. One member of £he colonial council of administration, the
rector of the university, the ecclesiastical vicar-general, and the chief
accountant of the treasury were members ex officio. One-half of the
ordinary members were renewed every two years.
In addition to the superior board of education there was a board of
education in each province, performing its duties under the supervi-
sion of the provincial governor and provincial deputation.
The provincial board was composed of the governor of the province,
an ecclesiastic to represent the diocese, one provincial deputy of the
permanent committee (see government), one alderman of the munici-
pal council of the provincial capital; a judge of first instance, to be
designated by the Governor-General ; the director of the normal school,
or, in his absence, a teacher of primary superior education; the super-
visor of primary instruction, when this office was reestablished; the
director of the institute, when reestablished, and three fathers of
families, appointed by the Governor-General on the -recommendation in
ternary of the provincial governor, who had general authority over
the schools and educational institutions in his province.
The local or municipal boards of education consisted of the mayor
as pr^ident, one alderman, the parish priest, and three fathers of
families. In towns of more than 1,000 inhabitants the number of
members could be increased on the recommendation of the mayor by
adding more heads of families.
For the periodical examination of the schools and other educational
institutions the law provided inspectors, who were certain members of
the superior board of education. Other inspectors were ecclesiastics
designated by the church to examine the text-books and instruction of
the professors, in order to determine whether anything prejudicial to
Catholic doctrine was incorporated in the religious education of the
pupils.
Primary instruction ways divided into the elementary and superior.
The complete course of instruction included Christian doctrine and
24662 37
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578 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
the outlines of sacred history arranged for children; reading, writing,
and the elements of Spanish grammar, with exercises in spelliiig;
principles of arithmetic with the legal sN^stem of weights^ measures,
and money; brief outline of agriculture, industry, and commerce
according to localities, and the constitution of the state.
Elementary instruction not embracing all the subjects just mentioned
was considered incomplete, and the elementary schools were called
"complete" or "incomplete" according to the instruction given.
Primary superior instruction embraced, in addition to a reasonable
extension of the subjects mentioned as elementary, the principles of
geometry, lineal drawing, and as applied to the elements of surveying:
the rudiments of history and geography, especially of Spain, and the
elements of physics and natural history. In the elementary instruc-
tion of girls, sewing, embroidery and drawing as applied to same, and
the elements of domestic hygiene were substituted for agriculture,
industry, and commerce, and the elementary superior course was
omitted.
The law further required the elementary education of the deaf,
dumb, and blind in the institutioijs established for them. All Spanish
children between the ages of 6 and 9 were required to receive elemen-
tary instruction in the public primary schools unless their parents or
guardians provided such instruction at home or in private schools,
the fine for failing to do so being from 2 to 20 reales. .
All elementary instruction was given free to children whose parents
were not able to pay for it, and instruction in Christian religion and
sacred history was subject to the supervision of the parish priest, who
was required to visit the schools once each week for this purpose.
Besides the designation "complete" and "incomplete," the ele-
mentary schools were denominated as "entrance," "first promotion,"
or "first intermediate," "second promotion" or "second interme-
diate," and "final" or " grammar " schools. The salaries of the
teachers were graded accordingly. For example, the teachers of the
entrance schools received $600 annually; first promotion, $700; second
promotion, $800, and final, $1,000. The salary of the teachers of the
superior course was $1,600 a year. These salaries were paid by the
municipalities and were subject to taxes aggregating 14 per cent, as
follows: Ten per cent, insular income tax; 3 percent, reserve fund of
the principal of the schools, and 1 per cent to the official making the
payments.
As to the distribution of the primary schools throughout the munici-
palities, the law required every town of 500 souls to maintain at least
one elementary school for boys and another, although, perhaps, incom-
plete, for girls. Incomplete schools for the boys were only allowed
in the smaller towns. In towns of 2,000 inhabitants two complete
schools for boys and two for girls were required; in towns of 4,000,
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EDUCATION. 579
three, and so on, the number of schools increasing by one for each sex
for every 2,000 inhabitants, including private schools, one-third of all
schools, however, to be public.
The superior schools were established in the capitals of the provinces,
and one in each town of 10,000 inhabitants, but the municipal authori-
ties (council) could establish superior schools in towns of less popula-
tion if thought advisable, provided it could be done without detriment
to the maintenance of the required number of elementary schools.
The law further required the Governor-General to provide infant
schools {Jcindergartens) and night and Sunday schools, in which linear
and ornamental drawing were to be taught in the capitals of provinces
and in towns of 10,000 inhabitants, and to promote the education of
the deaf, dumb, and blind by providing at least one school for them in
Habana, and a normal school for the education of teachers in the
capital of ieach province.
Next in the regular coui'se of public education was "secondary
instruction," given in the institutes (institutos)^ of which there was
one in each province, maintained by provincial funds and under the
immediate supervision of the provincial deputations, through which
the appropriations were paid.
Secondary instruction embraced a course of five years and comprised
general studies or a special course of scientific studies. The course of
general studies included a daily lesson in Spanish or Latin grammar,
the elements of rhetoric and poetry, one lesson daily; outlines of
geography, three lessons weekly; outlines of universal history, three
lessons weekly; history of Spain, three lessons weekly; arithmetic and
algebra, daily; geometry and plane trigonometry, daily; elements of
physics and chemistry, daily; outlines of natural history, three lessons
weekly; psychology, logic, and moral philosophy, daily; physiology
and hygiene, three lessons weekly; and elements of agriculture every
alternate day. For admission to the course it was necessary to pass an
examination in the complete course of primary elementary instruction.
The special studies of the institutes or ''secondary instruction"
were linear, topographic, ornamental, and figure drawing; outlines of
theoretical and practical agriculture; industrial mechanics and chemis-
try as applied to the arts; topography, measures of area, and con-
struction of plans; commercial arithmetic and bookkeeping; accounts
and correspondence, and commercial transactions; outlmes of political
economy, commercial and industrial legislation, physical geography
and conunercial statistics; English, German, and Italian languages, and
shorthand.
To enter this course pupils were required to pass an examination in
the studies of the pnmary superior course of instruction. On com-
pleting the course of general studies, pupils received. the degree of
^. B., and were eligible to the University of Habana. Those who had
Digitized by VjOOQIC
580 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF OXTBA, 18^9.
followed the scientific course were eligible to certificates as surveyofs
(when 20 years old), and mechanical or chemical experts, accordii^ to
their proficiency in the special studies provided.
A pupil could take the general and scientific studies simultaneously
if desired, and receive the instruction in languages and drawing at
home.
Following the course in the institutes came the University of Habana,
whose curriculum embraced law, medicine and pharmacy, philosophy
and belles letters, and the exact sciences. For the higher education of
engineers of roads, canals, and ports, mining and civil engineers, the
industrial arts, belles letters and diplomacy, the special schools of
Spain were open.
The law also provided for a school of sculpture, painting, and
engraving in Halmna; one for the education of notaries, and whenever
thought advisable, an industrial college, a veterinary school, a com-
misrcial college, a nautical school, and one for master workmen, over-
seers, and surveyors. Of these special schools, only the art school, the
professional school, the normal school, and the school of arts and trades
were carried on. In addition to the public schools the law authorized
all Spaniards to establish private schools, the government reserving
the right to inspect their moral and hygienic condition and to direct
such remedies as might be necessary to correct existing defects.
There were, as a result of this privilege, a large number of private
primary elementary schools, and a number of colleges, which, as they
conformed to certain provisions of the law, were incorporated witli
the provincial institutes for which they prepared their pupils. Some
of these colleges were most excellent institutions, where boys could
qualify for the university, besides being carefully trained in other
ways. Such were the Jesuit College of Belen, established in Habana
in 1853; the Collegios de* Escuelas Pias, in Guanabacoa and Puerto
Principe, and the Catholic Institute of Santiago, although, with the
exception of the latter, they are not now able to confer the degree of
A. B. In short, they are on the same footing as other colleges and
merely prepare pupils for the institutes.
Other colleges in operation when the census was taken were:
Habana. — San Francisco de Paula, San Rafael, Areas, San Miguel
Arcangel, El Progreso, Santa Ana, San Luis, La Gran Antilla, Isabel
la Cat61ica, San Carlos, "Centro Gallego,"San Meliton, San Anacleto.
Cienfuegos, — Neustra Sra. del Monserrat, San Carlos, Cristobal
Colon, Ntra. Sra. del Cdrmen; San Luis Gonzaga, Preseverancia, El
Sagrado Coraz6n de Jes6s.
Sa^gua. — Santiago Ap6stol, Cervantes, El Sagrado Coraz6n de Jesus.
Matamas, — El Siglo, Academia Junco; San Antonio de los Baiios,
Humanidades de Jesfis; Egido, San Cristobal; Guines, San Ramon;
Puerto Principe, Escuelas Pias; Sancti Spiritus, Sancti Spiritus; Santa.
Clara, Crist6bal Colon; Pahnira, San Fernando.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
EDUCATION. 581
While the laws made ample provision for the free education of the
mass of children, the number of schools and their administration were
so deficient, through failure to provide even the funds voted in the
municipal, provincial, and insular budgets, that only a small fraction
of the children of school age were provided for. By the census it
appears that only about one-sixth attended school during 1899, and
only two-thirds of these went to the public schools.
The ten years' war was a serious interruption to the schools, and
during the last war they were all closed by Captain-General Weyler,
except in the provincial capitals and garrisoned towns occupied as mili-
tary headquarters. Even many of these schools were slimly attended
or abandoned by the teachers, who, as they received no pay, were
unable to maintain themselves or their schools.
In February, 1898, the secretary of public instruction of the autono-
mous government rescinded the decree of General Weyler and ordered
the reestablishment of the schools, but they remained very much in
the condition they then were until nearly a year after the American
occupation.
It would require a much larger part of this report than can well be
devoted to it to explain all the defects as well as the peculiar admin-
istration of the public-school system of Cuba, but it may be said that
it was very imperfect at the best. While the law required the com-
pulsory attendance' of children between 9 and 13 years of age at either
public or private schools, it was not enforced, nor could it be, as the
number of schools was totally insufficient. Again, while provision
was made for secondary and university education, the fees for instruc-
tion and matriculation were so great that only the sons of parents or
guardians able to pay ever passed beyond the elementary course of
study, and many of those who qualified in the institutes were unable
to enter the university because unable to pay for their diplomas.
Although the teachers were supposed to be appointed after competi-
tive exaipination, it was well understood that their selection was usually
a personal or political question, to be'decided without much reference
to other qualifications. They were classified according to their sala-
ries, and were also known as regular, temporary, or substitutes. As
they were generally obliged to provide the school rooms, the schools
were usually held in their homes, very few municipalities owning
school buildings. Of school furniture — such as desks, books, slates,
blackboards, maps, etc. — there were frequently none, and the pupils,
without respect to race, blacks and whites mixed, sat on benches with
no backs for five or six hours consecutively, the instruction being
usually given simultaneously to the classes, study and recitation being
exceptional and impracticable. But a single teacher wa^s allowed the
elementary schools, no matter how many pupils, although the superior
elementary schools were sometimes provided with assistants.
The schools for girls were separated from those for boys, and were
Digitized by VjOOQIC
582 BEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
invariably in charge of women. The schoolrooms were badly venti-
lated, with insufficient and foul privies, and no playgrounds. Physical
culture was not taught. That the children learned as much as they
did under such conditions was apparently due to their precocity and
docility, traits which appear to be conunon to them throughout the
island.
Among the serious evils of the public-school system were the pro-
visions for substitute teachers and pensioners. A teacher requesting
a leave of absence for any purpose — for example, ill health or private
business — was permitted to propose the name of a substitute, who was
paid by the regular incumbent of the office. After being formally
appointed substitute he was supposed to receive one-half of the com-
pensation assigned to the school, the contributions of the children
whose parents could pay, and the amount allotted for school supplies —
iisually one-fourth the amount of the salary. On the surface this
would appear to be a very fair arrangement; but, as a matter of fact,
the salary, fees, and allotment for supplies were handed over to the
regular incumbent of the office, who paid his substitute whatever had
been agreed on when he paid him at all. It is said that in this way
schools were without their regular teachers for years, and meanwhile
were left in charge of persons without a single qualification for this
most important duty.
By a royal decree of February 1, 1894, any professor of a normal
school, an inspector of public instruction, a teacher in the public pri-
mary schools, or an assistant, male or female, physically incapacitated
for the discharge of his duties, who had served for twenty years at
least or was from 60 to 65 years of age, could be retired with a pen-
sion, which on his death went to the widow and male children under
sixteen years of age and to unmarried female children. The retire-
ments were voluntary for those under 65 years of age and compulsory
for those above that age.
The pensions were divided jnto two classes, life and temporary.
Life pensions were granted to the widows or orphans of the profes-
sors, teachers, etc., and their assistants in the public schools who were
retired, or who upon their deaths had been in the service for more
than twenty years, and temporary pensions were gi-anted to the
widows and orphans of such as had died before completing the years
of service necessary to obtain retirement with salary or before having
obtained said retirement.
The retirements were granted in accordance with the niunber of
years of sei*vice, those having served twenty years receiving 50 per
cent of the regular salary; twenty -five yearSj 60 per cent; thirty years,
70 per cent, and thirty-five years, 80" per cent. No person retired
could receive more than $1,200 per annum nor more than four-fifths
of the regidar salary. The highest salaiy which the person retired
may have received for two yeai*s was considei-ed the regulatfng salary.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
EDUCATION. 583
The life pensions for widows and orphans were two-thirds of the
retirement pay granted or due the deceased.
The temporary pensions amounted to 10 per cent per annum of the
regular salary and conformed to the following scale:
Years of service of the teacher: Years of duration of pension.
Over 16 years '. 14
From 14 to 16 , 12
From 12 to 14 11
From 10 to 12 10
From 8 to 10 9
From 6 to 8 8
From 4 to 6 7
From 2 to 4 6
Under 2 years, the time served.
The funds for the payment of the salaries of retired teachei*s and
their pensions consisted of: •"
1. An allotment of 6,000 pesos per annum, granted by the Govern-
ment and charged to the budget of Cuba.
2. Ten per cent of the total amount of the budget of expenses for
educational material of the normal schools and primary instruction.
3. The amount of the personal salaries of teachers of vacant schools
until the appointment and taking of possession by temporary teachers.
4. Half the salaries of teachers temporarily serving in public schools,
provided they exceeded 300 pesos.
5. The amount realized by a discount of 3 per cent of the salaries of
the persons who were entitled to be retired with salary.
The provincial boards of public instruction were charged with the
collection of the amounts mentioned in Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5, and their
deposit in the Spanish Bank of Cuba. The collection of the allotment
of the State was made by a central board in Madrid, which also decided
who were entitled to retirement with salary and pensions. It was also
intrusted with the administration of all the funds which might be col-
lected by the provincial boards of public instruction, until on May 11,
1898, the department of public instruction of the colonial government
of Cuba ordered that the provincial boards of public instruction of the
island should take charge of all matters relating to retirements and
pensions instead of the central board of Madrid, and organized, by
an order of the 24th of the same month and year, a board to take
charge of the administration of the funds of the schools of Cuba and
of the declaration of the rights of retirement of teachers, etc., of the
island. It is not difficult to understand that under such a system there
were many abuses, and that the small allotment of funds for school
purposes was seriously crippled, and such was the case. This was so
apparent that on April 13, 1899, the secretary of justice and public
instruction, duly authorized by the Military Governor, repealed all
the decrees relating to pensions of the teachers of primary instruc-
tion, ordering that from the 1st of April following nothing should be
Digitized by VjOOQIC
584
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18d9.
deducted from the personal salaries of teachers for pensions, nor from
the amounts for the payment of material for the schools, and that the
board created by the department of public instruction of the colonial
government of Cuba be dissolved.
The expenses occasioned by this board amounted to $10,300 per
annum, charged to the general budget of the island, and the pensions
paid only amounted to $8,716.92 per annum.
Substitute teachers were abolished by General Brooke.
The number of public and private schools, colleges, institutes, etc.,
in operation January 1, 1895, and the cost thereof, as i*eported by the
Department of Public Instruction, is given in the following table:
Public schools.
Private schools.
College!*.
Province.
1
"241
158
176
41
244
138
!
9,475
5,812
4,574
1,817
8,287
6,341
1
•
"S.
£
1
1
•
0.
Habana
219
143
159
37
221
125
829
117
S3
41
100
120
12.641
4.416
624
832
3,296
3.575.
25
!
19
11
1.234
MataDzas
249
PlnardelRio
Puerto Principe
140
97
Santa Clara
285
Rantiaffo de Cuba. ....,» r r - -
260
Total T .
904
998
36,806
740
25.384
70
2.265
Institutes.
University.
Special Hchools.
1
s
a
1
1
1
1
fi8
1 .
Profe»-
sional.
Art school.
Normal
school.
Province.
1
9
1
60
4
i
a
1
1
5
Habana
21
8
8
9
720
143
32
72
99
120
.671
538
16
292
Matanzaa
Pinar del Rio
Puerto Princine
*
Santa Clara
Rftntifurn dA ChihA
Total
6
64
1.186
58
671
9
60
4
538
16
292
^ Number of teachers not given.
Cost of educaiion as per municipal^ jrromnciaJ^ and Stale budgets.
Province.
Public
schools
(munici-
pal).
Institutes
(provin-
cial).
Clnlverslty
(Stete).
Profes-
sional
(State).
Art
school
(State).
Normal
(State).
Arts and
trades
(State).
Habana
$212,549.80
120.967.95
93. 434. 10
34,209.60
159,989.66
96,741 41
$35,407.20
18,000.00
16,000.00
16.000.00
16,000.00
17,328.00
S134.350.00
117.800
r,o5o
920,000
Si, 000
MatanzAA
Pinar del Rio
Puerto PrlnciDC
Santa Clara
Santiairo de Cuba . .
Total
716,892.52
118.735.20
134,360.00
17,800
7,050
20,000
1.000
Digitized by VjOOQIC
UNIVERSITY OF HABANA FROM O'REILLY STREET.
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
EDUCATION. 585
RECAPITULATION.
State funds.
Municipal schools $716,892.52
Institutes 118,735.20
University T 134,350.00
Professional school 17, 800. 00
Art school 7,050.00
Normal school 20,000.00
Arts and trades 1,000.00
Total 1,016,927.72
Two-thirds of this sum was covered by matriculation fees.
For 1898-99, during which 541 public primary schools were reported,
the budget called for:
Municipal schools 1 $716,892.90
Institutes 70,735.00
University 129,950.00
Art school 9,250.00
Professional school , 19,300.00
Normal school 30,147.80
Arts and trades 1, 000. 00
Typographers 1 , 200. 00
Total 978,474.80
During the past six months General Wood has completely reorgan-
ized the public school system of Cuba, adapting it as far as practicable
to the public school system of the United States. The final results of
the changes which have been made from time to time are embodied in
the following civil decree, published June 30, 1900:
[No. 279.]
Habana, June so, 1900,
The Military Governor of Cuba, upon the reconmiendation of the Secretary of Pub-
lic Instruction, directs the publication of the following regulations for the public
schools of the island of Cuba:
COMMISSIONER OF PUBUC SCHOOLS.
1. Commisnoner the chief executive officer, — There shall be a chief executive officer
for the public schools of the island, to be appointed by the Military Grovemor, and to
be known as the commissioner of public schools, and in the performance of his duties
as such he shall be guided by this order and by such rules and orders as may be pro-
mulgated hereafter by the Military Governor or the Secretary of Public Instruction.
2. Duties of commissioner. — It shall be the duty of the commissioner of public schools
to see that 'all orders and instructions from the proper authority pertaining to the
public schools of the island are rigidly and impartially enforced. He shall make
annually, to the Secretary of Public Instruction, a report of the public schools of the
island, which shall contain an abstract of the reports herein required to be made to
him and such other information as he may deem valuable, and he shall make such
special reports as may be required by the Military Governor or Secretary of Public
Instruction. It shall be his further duty to superintend the building of school houses
throughout the island, and direct the purchase and disposition of such supplies as
the Military Governor may authorize.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
586 KEPORT ON THK CENSUS OF Ct'BA, 1899.
BOARD OP SUPERINTENDENTS.
3. Compomlion of the board. — There shall be a superintendent of the public schools
of the island, to be appointed by the Military Governor upon the recommendation of
the Secretary of Public Instruction and to be known as the island superintendent of
pubHc schools, who shall be assisted in each province in the performance of his duties '
by an assistant, to be appointed in the same manner as the island superintendent and
to be known as the provincial superintendent of public schools. The island superin-
tendent as president, with the provincial superintendents as members, shall consti-
tute a boanl of superintendents for the public schools of the island.
4. Dvties of board and individual mperirUendmU, — Each provincial soperintaident
is the assistant and agent of the commissioner of public adiools in the general gov-
ernment and management of the public schools of the island. The board of super-
intendents shall fix upon and introdace proper methods of teaching in the public
schools of Cuba, and shall adect text^books and arrange the courses of studies for the
different grades of public eehools throughout the island; and in all schools of the
island which are of the same grade the same text-books and the same courses of
studies shall be used.
4a. Se$gion$ of the board of tupertnUnderUs. — The board of superintendents shall hold
regular sessions on the first Monday of October and March at such places within the
island as they may deem desirable, and may adjourn from time to time, or hold
special meetings at other time or place within the island as it deems desirable for the
transaction of business, which special meetings may be called by the president of
the board of superintendents.
CLASSIFICATION OF DISTRICTS.
5. Classes of school districU. — ^The island is hereby divided into scHool districts to
be styled respectively, city districts of the first class, city districts of the second class,
and municipal dbtricts.
6. City districts of first class. — ^Each city of the island having a population of 30,000
or more by the last preceding census of the island shall constitute a city district of
the first class. Under this paragraph the following cities are announced as forming
city districts of the first class: Habana, Santiago, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, and Puerto
Principe.
7. City districts of the second doss, — Each city having a population of more than
10,000 and less than 30,000 by the last preceding census of the island shall constitute
a city district of the second class. Under this paragraph the following cities are
announced as forming city districts of the second class: Cardenas, Manzanillo, Guan-
abacoa, Santa Clara, Sancti Spiritus, Regla, Trinidad, and Sagua la Grande.
8. Municipal districts,— Each organized municipality, exclusive of any of its terri-
tory included in a city district, shall constitute a school district, to be styled a
municipal district.
CITY DISTRICTS OF THE FIRST CLASS.
9. Board of education. — The board of education in city districts of the first class
shall consist of a school council and a school director.
10. School council. — ^The legislative power and authority shall be vested in the echo- I
council, which shall consist of seven members to be elected by the qualified electors
residing in such district, and no two members of the council shall be residents of the
same ward.
11. School council election and term. — ^The first election for such council shall be held
on the same day as the annual municipal elections in 1901, at which election three
members of the council shall be elected for a«term of two years, and their successors
shall be elected at the annual municipal election for 1903, and biennially thereafter,
and four members of the council shall at such election in 1901 be elected for a term
Digitized by VjOOQIC
BDUOATION. 587
of one year, and their successors shall be elected at the annual municipal election of
1902 for a term of two years, and biennially thereafter, and all members of the coun-
cil shall eerve until their successors are elected and qualify.
President and clerk. — The council shall organize annually by choosing one of their
members president; also a clerk, who shall not be a member thereof, and who shall
receive a salary to be fixed by the council which shall not exceed $1,500 per year.
11a. Appointment of first board of education, — ^The school director and the school
council provided for in paragraph 9 shall be appointed by the governor from candi-
dates recommended to him by the Secretary of Public Instruction immediately after
the publication of this order in the official Gazette, to serve until their successors
have been elected and duly qualified, as provided for in paragraphs 11 and 16.
12. Resolutions of the council. — Every legislative act of the council shall be by reso-
lution. Every resolution involving an expenditure of money or approval of a con-
tract for the payment of money shall, before it takes effect, be presented, duly signed
by the clerk, to the school director for approval.
Director's approvoL — The director, if he approves such resolution, shall sign it, but
if he does not approve it he shall return the same to the council at its next meeting
with his objections, which objections the council shall cause to be entered upon its
journal; and if he does not return the same within the time above limited it shall
take effect in the same manner as if he had signed it. Provided, that the director
may approve or disapprove the whole or any items or part of any resolution appro-
priating money; and further provided, that any item disapproved shall have no
bearing or connection with any other part of such resolution.
Passage over director's veto. — ^When the director refuses to sign any such resolution
or part thereof and. returns it to the council with his objections, the council shall
forthwith proceed to reconsider it; and if the same is approved by the vote of two-
thirds of all the members elected to the council it shall then take effect, as if it had
received the signature of the director. And in all such cases votes shall be taken by
yeas and nays and entered on the record of the council.
13. Teachers and employees. — ^The council shall provide for the appointment of all
necessary teachers and employees and prescribe their duties and fix their compen-
sation.
14. School director; election and powers. — ^The executive power and authority shall
be vested in the school director, and in the performance of his duties as chief execu-
tive officer he shall be guided by this order and by such rules and orders as may be
promulgated by proper authority and by the resolutions of the council. He shall be
elected by the qualified electors of the districts.
15. He shall devote his entire time to the duties of his office, and shall receive an
annual salary of $2,000, payable monthly; and before entering upon the discharge of
the duties of his office shall give bond, to be approved by the board, for the faithful
performance thereof, in the sum of $5,000, which bond shall be deposited with the
derk within ten days from date of election and preserved by him. The director
shall report to the council annually, or oftener if required, as to all matters under his
supervision; he shall attend all meetings of the council and may take part in its
deliberations, subject to its rules, but shall not have the right to vote except in case
of a tie.
16. First election and term, — The first election for such director shall be held on the
same day as the annual municipal election of 1901, and his successor shall be elected
at the time of the annual municipal election for 1903, and biennially thereafter. Any
director shall serve until his successor is elected and qualified.
17. Vacancies.-^n case of any vacancy in the office of school director or member
of the council the council may, by the votes of the majority of all the members
elected, fill such vacancy until the next annual municipal election, when the same
shall be filled by election for unexpired term.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
588 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
18. Superintendent of instruction,— The council shall appoint a superintendent of
instruction, who shall remain in office during good behavior, and the council may at
any time, for sufficient cause, remove him; but the order for such removal shall be in
writing, specifying the cause therefor, and shall be entered upon the records of the
council.
Power$ and duties, — ^The superintendent of instruction shall have the sole xx)wer to
appoint and dischaiige, with the approval of the council, all assistante and teachers
authorized by the council to be employed, and shall report to the council in writing
quarterly, and oftener if necessary, as to all matters under his supervision, and may
be required by the council to attend any or all of its meetings; and except as other-
wise provided in this order all employees of the board of education shall be appointed
or employed by the school director.
19. Warrants for money, — The clerk of the board shall issue all. warrants for the
payment of money from the school funds, but no warrant shall be issued for the pay-
ment of any claim until such claim is approved by the school director, except the
pay roll for assistants in school work and teachers, which shall be approved by the
mperintendent of instruction.
20. lAabUity ofderk and sureties, — If the clerk shall draw a warrant for any claim
contrary to law, he and his sureties shall be individually liable for the amount of
the same.
21. ClerJu^ reports. — ^The clerk shall submit to the council quarterly, and oftener, if
required by it, a report of the account of the board, verified by hid oath, exhibiting
the revenues, receipts, disbursements, assets, and liabilities of the boaid, and the
manner in which the funds have been disbursed.
22. QmtractB, — ^All contracts involving more than $250 in ampunt shall be in writ-
ing, executed in the name of the board of education by the school director, and
approved by the coundL
23. Conduct of elections, — The election provided for in paragraph 11 shall be con-
ducted by the judges and clerkiB of the municipal elections and in compliance with
the same law or laws covering such elections.
24. Meetings of the board of education, regular and special, — ^The board of education
shall hold regular meetings once every two weeks, and may hold such special meet-
ings as it may deem necessary. It may fill all vacancies that occur in the board until
the next annual election, and may make such rules and regulations for its own gov-
ernment as it may deem necessary, but such rules and regulations must be consistent
with this order.
CITY DlffTRICTS OP THE SECOND CLASS.
25. Board of education. — In city districts of the second class the board of education
shall consist of six members, who shall be judicious and competent persons with the
qualifications of an elector therein, and shall be elected by ballot at the annual
municipal election in 1901 by the qualified electors of the city.
Elections, — ^Those elected shall be divided, upon the fifteenth day thereafter, by
lot, into three equal classes; the members of the first class shall serve for one year,
the members of the second class for two years, and the members of the third class
for three years. All elections of members for the board of education thereafter shall
be held at the regular municipal election annually, and all members shall serve until
their successors are elected and qualified.
26. Judges of election, — The election for members of the board of education in city
districts of the second class shall be held by the same judges and clerks provided for*
the municipal election, and returns of such election, duly certified as in other cases,
shall be made within five days to the clerk of the board of education of any such
city.
27. First board of education. — ^Upon receipt of this order, mayors of cities that consti-
tute city districts of the second class shall appoint the five members of the board of
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KDirOATION. 589
education, who shall elect one of their members president of the board. The board
so constituted shall be the board of education for such city district of the second class
until the election and qualification of the board of education as provided for in the
preceding paragraph.
28. Upon the appointment and qualification of the board of education provided
for in the preceding paragraph for such city district of the second class, and upon
the election and qualification of the board of education provided for in paragraph
30, the board of education of the municipality in whose territory is situated the newly
formed city district of the second class shall be dissolved and cease to exist.
29. Notice of ekdion. — ^The clerk of the board of education of each city district of
the second class shall publish a notice of the election provided for in the preceding
paragraphs in a newspaper of general circulation in the district, or {X)st written
notices of such election in five of the most public places in the district, at least ten
days before the holding of the same, which notice shall specify the time and place
of the election and the number of persons to be elected. At the first election for
. members of the board of education of any city district of Ihe second class, the notice
of election herein required shall be made by the then existing board of education.
30. The board of education shall hold regular meetings once every two weeks, and
may hold such special meetings as it may deem necessary. It may fill all vacancies
that occur in the board until the next annual election, and may make such rules
and* regulations for its own government as it ^may deem necessajy, but such
rules and regulations must be consistent with this order. It shall oiganize annually
by choosing one of its members president.
31 . Municipal board of education, — ^The board of education of each municipal district
shall consist of the mayor of the municipality, |who shall be president, of the board,
and one director elected for a term of three years from each subdistrict; provided,
that if the number of subdistricts in any municipal district exceeds fifteen, itie board
of education shall consist, exclusive of the president, of those directors who have one
and two years still to serve; and that if the number of subdistricts exceeds twenty-
four, the board of education shall consist, exclusive of the president, of those directors
who have but one year to serve. The director of each subdistrict is the representa-
tive of the inhabitants of that subdistrict in educational matters, and if not a member
of the board of education shall represent to the board in writiiig the wants of his
subdistrict.
32. EUction and qualification of directors. — There shall be elected by ballot,- as soon
as possible after paragraph 37 of this order has been complied with in each sub-
district, by the qualified electors thereof, one competent person, to be styled director.
These directors shall meet at the office of the mayor of the municipality and shall be
divided, upon the third Saturdayafter such election, by lot into three classes, as
nearly equal as possible. The directors of the first class shall serve for the term of
one year, the directors of the second class for two years, and tiie directors of the
third class for three years. AH elections of directors thereafter shall be held on the
last Saturday of April, annually, and all directors shall serve until their successors
are elected and qualify.
33. Notice of election, — The director of each subdistrict where the election may
occur shall post written or printed notices in three or more conspicuous places of his
subdistrict at least six days prior to the date of election, indicating the day and hour
of opening and the hour of closing the election, and the place where such election is
to be held. The election shall, when practicable, be held at the schoolhouse in the
subdistrict.
Judges of election. — The meeting shall be organized by appointing a chairman and
secretary, who shall act as judges of the election, imder oath or affirmation, which
oath or affirmation may be administered by the director of the subdistrict, or any
other person competent to administer such an oath or affirmation; and the secretary
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shall keep a poll book and tally sheet, which shall be signed by the jadges and deliv-
end within ftve days to the mayor of the municipality.
Notice <afint eUcHon.-r-At the ilniriaeikm lor directors of sabdistricts provided for
in paragraph 32, the notices of election herein reqoired shall be poalad in the differ-
ent subdistricts by the now existing board of edncation, and the oath or affirmation
herein required to be administered may be administered by any elector present
84. Regular and gpecial meetings. — The board of education shall hold regular ses-
sions on the second Saturdays of May, July, September, November, and January, at
the office of the mayor of the municipality for the transaction of business, and may
adjourn from time to time, or hold special meetings at any other time or place within
the township, as it deems desirable for the transaction of business. Each special meet-
ing may be called by the clerk of the board, by the president of the board, by two
or more members of the board, but each member of the board must be duly notified
thereof personally, or by. written notice left at his residence or usual place of business.
35. Maps of toumship dietrid. — A map of each township district shall be prepared
by the board as it may be necessary, in which shall be designated the numbers and
boundaries of the subdistricts thereof. The board may at any regular session increase
or diminish the number, or change the boundaries of subdistricts, but any increase
in the number of subdistricts in any municipality will be subject to the approval of
the provincial superintendent.
36. Election in new mbdistricU. — When the board consolidates two or more mib-
districts into a new subdistrict, or establishes a new subdistrict in any other way,
it shall call a special meeting of the qualified electors resident in the n^w subdis-
trict for the purpose of electing one director for the same. Notice shall be given of
such election, and the election shall be conducted as provided in this order, and a
director shall be elected to serve the term which shall render the classes of directors
most equal from the annual meeting on the second Saturday of May next preceding
the organization of the new subdistrict; and the terms of office of the directors of
subdistricts so consolidated shall expire at the time such new subdistrict is created.
RBOROANIZATION OF DISTRICTS.
37. Division into fiubdistrids. — The board of education of each municipal district
provided for in order No. 226 shall at once divide its municipal district exclusive of
whatever territory may be comprised in a city district of the first or second class
into 8ul)di8tricts. No subdistrict shall contain less than 60 resident scholars by
enumeration, except in cases where, in the opinion of the board, it is absolutely
necessary to reduce the number. The division shall be so made that the number
of teachers shall not be increased over that employed at the time this order is
received.
38. Number of schools to a subdistrict. — No subdistrict shall be without at least one
school, open to children of both sexes, or if not such a mixed school, then at least two
schools, one for boys and one for girls. In rural subdistricts it is preferable to have
but one mixed school to a subdistrict. In cities of either the first or second class
subdistricts may have one or more schools for girls, and one or more for boys.
Schools of any subdistrict shall be in the same building, imless this is absolutely
impossible, in which case they shall be as near together as possible.
39. Designation of subdistrict, — Subdistricts of any school district, city or municipal,
shall be designated by the numerals, 1, 2, 3, etc., consecutively, and hereafter when
officially referring to any school district, it shall be as follows: Subdistrict No. ,
municipality or city of , province of .
40. Map of municipal district. — As soon as possible after the completion of the
reoiganization herein directed, each board of education will have prepared a map of
its municipality, showing the approximate boundaries of school districts and the
approximate boundaries of schoolhouses therein. A copy of this map shall be posted
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at all times in each schoolhoose of the district, together with a list of unmarried
youth of school age in the subdistrict. One copy of this map shall be sent to the
commission of public schools and one to the provincial superintendent aa soon, am
completed.
THE CLSj^K.
41. Bond of derk, — The clerk of each board of education shall execute a bond, in
an amount and with surety to be approved by the board, payable to t]^e treasurer of
the island of Cuba, conditioned that he shall perform faithfully all the official duties
required of him, which bond shall be deposited with the president of the board, and
a copy thereof, certified by the president of the board, shall be filed with the provin-
cial superintendent and commissioner of public schools.
42. When orders to clerk for teachers^ pay illegal. — It shall be unlawful for the clerk of
the board to draw an order on the proper disbursing officer for the payment of a teacher
for services until the teacher files with him such reports as may be required by the
commissioner of public schools, a legal certificate of qualification, or a true copy
thereof, covering the entire time of the service, and a statement of the branches
taught. All of these documents must be carefully filed by the clerk and handed
over to his successor in office.
43. Annual statistical report of board of edtuxUion, — ^The clerk of each board shall
prepare the annual report of the expenditures of school money in his district, and a
statistical statement in reference to the schools required of the board by paragraph
47, and transmit the same to the provincial superintendent on t>r before the last day
of August
44. Publication of expenditures for school purposes. — The board of education of each
district shall require the clerk of the board annually, ten days prior to the election
for members of the board and directors of subdistricts, to prepare and post at the
place or places of holding such elections, or publish in some newspaper of general
circulation in the district, an itemized statement of all money expended for school
purposes in the district within the school year last preceding.
46. Clerk to deliver books, etc., to successor. — Each clerk shall at the expiration of
his term of office deliver to his successor all booki^ and papers in his hands relating
to the a^irs of his district, including certified copies thereof, and reports of school
statistics filed by teachers.
46. How derk shall keep accounts. — ^The provincial superintendent*of each province
shall furnish to the clerk of each school board in his province a suitable blank book,
made according to the form prescribed by the commissioner of public schools, in
which shall be kept a record of the school funds of his district, giving amounts
expended and for what purposes expended.
REPORTS.
47. Annual report of board of education.— The board of education of each district
shall make a report to the provincial superintendent on or before the last day of
August of each year, containing a statement of the expenditures of the board, the
number of schools sustained, the length of time such schools were sustained, the
enrollment of pupils, the average monthly enrollment and average daily attendance,
the number of teachers employed and their salaries, the number of schoolhouses and
schoolrooms, and such other items as the commissioner of public schools may require.
48. In what form to be made. — The report shall be made on blanks which shall be
furnished by the commiasioner of public schools to the provincial superintendent,
and by the provincial superintendent to each clerk of school boards in his province;
and each board of education or officer or employee thereof, or other school officer, in
any district or province, shall, whenever the island superintendent so requires, report
to him direct, upon such blanks as he shall furnish, any statements or items of infor-
nuition that he may deem important or necessary.
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49. IteporU by principals and teachers. — Boards of education shall require all teach-
ers and principals to keep the school records in such manner that they may be ena-
bled to report annually to the provincial superintendent, as required by the provisions
of this order, and may withhold the pay of such teachers as fail to file with the clerk
reports required of them. The board ci education o^ each city district shall prepare
and publish annually a report of the condition and administration of- the schools
under its char^, and include therein a complete exhibit of the statistical afbirs of
the district.
50. Duty of provincial superintendent as to school report. — ^The provincial superintend-
ent of each province shall, on or before the 20th day of September, annually, pre-
pare and transmit to the island superintendent an abstract of all the returns of school
statistics made to him from the several districts in his province, according to the
forms prescribed by the commissioner of public schools, and such other facts as the
commissioner of public schools may require. He shall also cause to be distributed
all such orders, circulars, blanks, and other jiapers in the several school districts of
the province as the island superintendent may lawfully require. The provincial
superintendent shall also be liable on his bond for any such neglect in a 9um not less
than $300, nor more than |1,000, on complaint of the commissioner of public schools.
51. J\ hen provincial superintendent ^icUl appovnl person to make reports. — ^Upon the
neglect or failure of a clerk of board of education of any district to make the reports
required herein, and by the time specified, the provincial superintendent shall
appoint some suitable person, resident of the district, to make such reports, who
shall receive the same compensation therefor and in the same manner as is allowed
herein for like service; and before an order for the pay of clerk shall be made, he
shall present to the board a statement, officially signed and certified by the pn>
vincial superintendent, that he has returned all the reports of statistics for the year
required by this order.
PBOVISIONS APPLYING TO ALL SCHOOL BOARDS.
52. Status, powers, and duties, — ^Boards of education of all school districts organized
under the provisions of this ordeir shall be, and they are hereby declared to be, bodies
politic and corporate, and as such capable of suing and being sued, contracting and
being contracted with, acquiring, holding, possessing, and disposing of prop^ty,
both real and personal, and of exercising such other powers and having such other
privileges as are conferred by this order.
53. How property may be disposed of. — ^When a board of education authorized so to
do decides to dispose of any property, real or personal, held by it in its corporate
capacity, exceeding in value $300, it shall sell the same at public auction, after giv-
ing at least thirty days' notice thereof by publication in some newspaper of g^eral
circulation, or by posting notices in at least five of the most public places in the
district to which such property belongs.
54. What property the boards have title to. — All property, real or personal, which has
heretofore vested in and is now held by any board of education for the use of public
or common schools in any districts is hereby vested in the board of education pro-
vided for in this order and having under this order jurisdiction and control of the
schools in such district.
55. School property exempt from taxation, — ^All property, real or personal, vested in
any board of education shall be exempt from tax, and from sale on execution, or
other writ or order in the nature of an execution.
56. Chnveyances and contracts. — All conveyances made by the board of education
shall be executed by the president and clerk thereof. No member of a board shall
have any pecuniary interest, either direct or indirect, in any contracts of the board,
or be employed in any manner for compensation by the board of which he is a mem-
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EDUCATION. 598
ber, and no contract shall be binding upon any board unlees it be made or authorized
to be made at a regular or special meeting of the board.
57. Process against boards and how served. — Process in all suits against a board of
education shall be by summons, and shall be served by leaving a copy thereof with
the clerk or president of the board.
58. Tie vote to he decided by lot. — In all cases of tie votes at an election for members
of a board of education the judges of election shall decide the election by lot; and in
other cases of failure to elect members of the board, or in case of a refusal to serve,
the board shall appoint
59. Oaih of members and other officers. — Each person elected or appointed a mem-
ber of a board of education, or elected or appointed to any other office under this
title, shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, take an oath or affirmation to
support the military government of the island of Cuba, and that he will perform
faithfully the duties of his office, which oath or affirmation may be administered by
the clerk or any member of the board; and no person shall be elected or appointed a
member of a board of education who has not the qualification of an elector and is
not able to read and write.
60. OrganizaJtion and selection of officers. — Each board of education shall choose annu-
ally a clerk, who shall not be a member of the board, but shall be entitled to
vote in case of a tie, excepting clerks of boards of education of city districts of the
first class, and whose compensation shall be fixed by the board of education.
61. Vacancies in boards how filled. — Vacancies in any board of education arising from
death, nonresidence, resignation, expulsion for gross neglect of duty, or other cause,
which occur more than fifteen days before the next annual election, the board shall
fill within ten days from the occurrence of the vacancy, imtil the next annual election,
when a successor shall be elected to fill the unexpired term.
62. Quorum; yeas and nays to be taken in certain cases. — A majority of the board of
education shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business upon a motion to
adopt a resolution authorizing the purchase or sale of property, either real or per-
sonal, or to employ a superintendent, teacher, janitor, or other employee, or to elect
or appoint an officer, or to pay any debt or claim. The clerk of the board shall
call publicly the roll of all the members composing the board, and enter on the rec-
ords required to be kept names of those voting "aye** and the names of those voting
**no.*' If the majority of all the members of the board vote "aye,** the president
shall declare the motion carried; and upon any motion or resolution any member of
the board may demand the yeas and nays, and thereupon the clerk shall call the
roll, and record the names of those voting "aye** and those voting "no.** In all
cases except those which are declared to require a majority of all the members com-
posing the board a majority of the quorum is sufficient to i)as8 a measure, and the
roll need not be called unless demanded by a member of the board. ^
63. Absence of the president or clerk. — If at any meeting of the board either the
president or clerk is absent, the members present shall choose one of their number to
serve in his place pro tempore; and if both are absent both places shall be so filled,
but upon the appearance of either at the meeting after his place has been so filled he
shall immediately assume the duties of his office.
64. Record of proceedings and attestation thereof— The clerk of the board shall record
the proceedings of each meeting in a book to be provided by the board for that pur-
pose, which shall be a public record. The record of the proceedings at each meet-
ting of the board shall be read at ite next meeting, recorrected if necessary, and
approved, and the approval shall be noted in the proceedings; and after such
approval the president shall sign the record and the clerk shall attest the same.
65. Illegal meetings. — ^The board of each district shall make such rules and regula-
tions, not in conflict with the orders of higher authority, as it may deem expedient
24662 38
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594 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
and necessary for its government and the government of its appointees and the
pupils; and any meeting of a board of education not provided for by its rules or by
this order shall be illegal unless all the members thereof have been notified as pro-
vided for in paragraph 33.
66. Yearly eMimaie of expenses. — Each board of education shall make annually,
before the last day of August, on forms to be furnished for that purpose, a detailed
estimate of the probable expenses of the corresponding district for the school year
next following, such estimate to be forwarded to the provincial superintendent.
67. Rental and use of schoolhouses. — ^The board of education of any district is
empowered to rent suitable schoolrooms, but no lease of a schoolroom or building
shall be made for a period exceeding one year. When in the judgment of any board
of education it would be for the advantage of the children residing in any school
district to hold literary' societies, school exhibitions, normal school or teachers'
institutes, the board of education shall authorize the opening of such schoolhouses
for the purposes aforesaid, provided such action shall in no wise interfere with the
public schools in such district.
68. Illegal use of schoolhotises, — Schoolrooms shall be secured in healthful localities,
and shall be clean, well ventilated, and well lighted, and all rooms, buildings, or
parts of buildings rented or assigned for school use shall be used exclusively for
school purposes, and no teacher, janitor, or other person shall dwell therein.
69. Sufficient schools must be provided. — Each board of education shall establish a
sufficient number of schools to provide for the free education of the youth of school
age in the district under its control at such places as will be most convenient for the
attendance of the largest number of such youth, and shall continue each and every
day school so established thirty^x weeks in each school year; and each municipal
board of education shall establish at least one primary school in each subdistrict
under its control.*
70. Schools at children's homes and orphan asylums. — ^The board of any district in
which a children's home or orphans' asylum is or may be established by law, shall,
when requested by the directors of such children's home or orphans' asylum, estab-
lish in such home or asylum a separate school, so as to afford to the children therein
as far as practicable the advantages and privileges of the common-school education.
All schools so established in any such home or asylum shall be under the control and
management of the directors of such institution, which directors shall, in the control
and management of such schools, as far as practicable, be subject to the same laws
that boards of education and other school officers are who have change of the com-
mon schools of such district; and the teacher of any such school so established shall
make all reports required by this order as any other teacher of the district, and to
the same officers.
71. Etwning schools. — In any district, or part thereof, parents or guardians of chil-
dren of school age may petition the board of education to oi^ganize an evening school.
The petition shall contain the names of not less than twenty-five youths of school
age who will attend such school, and who, for reasons satisfactory to the board, are
prevented from attending day school. Upon receiving such petition the board of edu-
cation shall pro\'ide a suitable room for the evening school, and employ a competent
person, who holds a regularly issued teacher's certificate, to teach it. Suc.i board
may discontinue any such evening school when the average evening attendance for
any month falls below 12.
* Boards of education may, in their discretion, permit boys and girls of school age
to attend the same school; and it is hoped that, at least with young children, this
plan will prevail, as it will tend to develop that high respect between the sexes
which is the basis of true womanhood and manhood. In small towns and in the
country it may often be the only means of establishing sufficient schools.
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72. Who may be admitted to public schools. — Schools of each district shall be free to
all unmarried youth between 6 and 18 years of age who are children, wards, or
apprentices of actual residents of the district, including children of proper age who
are or may be inmates of a children's home or orphans' asylum located in any such
school district; provided, that all unmarried youth of school age living apart from
their parents or guardians and who work to support themselves by their own labor
shall be entitled to attend school free in the district in which they are employed.
The several boards shall make such assignment of the unmarried youth of their
respective districts to the schools established by them as will, in their opinion, beet
promote the interests ol education in their district
73. Suspension and expulsion of pupils, — No pupil shall be suspended from school
by a superintendent or teacher except for such time as may be necessary to convene
the board of education, and no pupil shall be expelled except by a vote of two-thirds
of such board, and not until the parent or guardian of the offending pupil has been
notified of the proposed expulsion and permitted to be heard against the same; and
no pupil shall be suspended or expelled from any school beyond the current term
thereof.
74. Holidays. — ^Teachers employed in the conmion schools may dismiss their
schools, without forfeiture of pay, on such legal holidays as the military governor
may from time to time appoint.
75. School year, week, and day, — ^The school year shall begin on the 1st day of Sep-
tember of each year and close on the 31st day of August of the succeeding year.
Schools shall open regularly on the second Monday of September of each year, and
the fi]%t term shall end on December 24 next following. The second term shall
begin January 2 of each year and end on the Friday next preceding Holy Week.
The third term shall begin on the first Monday after said Holy^ Week and end when
paragraph 69 has been comphed with. The school month shall consist of four school
weeks, and the school week shall consist of the five days from Monday to Friday,
inclusive. The daily school session shall be for six hours, not including recesses,
and shall be divided into a morning and afternoon session.
76. Boards to control schools and appoint officers. — Each board of education shall
have the management and control of the public schools of the district, except as
otherwise provided for boards of education in city districts, with full power to
appoint principals, teachers, janitors, and other employees, and fix their salaries or
pay, provided such salaries per month do not exceed the following: In Habana,|65;
in the capitals of provinces and in Cardenas and Cienfuegos, $50. In all other munic-
ipalities, $40, except for all teachers in schools with an average attendance of less
than 30 pupils, in which case the salary shall not exceed $30; and any person serving
as a regular teacher of a school, and also having the supervision of not less than two
other schools, shall be rated as a principal on the rolls and receive the additional
sum of $10 per month. Such salaries or pay may be increased, but shall not be
diminished during the term for which the appointment is made; but no person shall
be appointed for a longer time than one year, and the board of education may dis-
miss any appointee for inefficiency, neglect of duty, immorality, or improper con-
duct Women only shall be employed in schools for girls; either women or men
may be employed in schools for boys. For similar services women and men shall
at all times receive equal pay.
77. DaU of teacher's appointmerU,'-The teacher's appointment shall date from and
the teacher's salary shall begin on the day when he first takes charge of a school during
any school term, and at the end of the first calendar month thereafter he shall be
paid such part of a month's salary as corresponds to the length of time he has been
in actual charge of a school. Thereafter his salary shall be due and payable for each
calendar month, and all contracts for the service of teachers shall be for a term or
period of time ending on the last day of August of the school year for which the
teacher was hired.
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78. Salary during txwalions, — ^The teacher's salary will continue daring vacations as
well as the actual school periods.
When mlary may not he drawn. — In order to be entitled to draw the salary daring
vacations, teachers must employ such periods in normal schools, teachers meeting for
instruction, or in following other courses of instruction approved by the board of
superintendents, provided that such school meetings or courses of study are previously
prescribed by said board, otherwise the salary will be regularly due the teachers
without vacation work.
79. When unlawful to employ teachers. — It shall be unlawful for any board of educa-
tion, prior to the annual election and the qualification of the director or directors
elected thereat, to employ or contract to employ any teacher for a term to commence
after the expiration of the current school year; and the school director in each sub-
district of municipal districts, the president of the school board in each city district
of the second class, and the superintendents of instruction in city districts of the
first class shall give to the teacher or teachers under their control certificates of such
employment and of services rendered, addressed to the clerk of the board of educa-
tion, who, upon presentation thereof and compliance of such teachers with the pro-
visions of {Paragraph 49, shall draw orders on the proper disbursing officer for the
amotmt certified to be due in favor of the parties entitied thereto, and the said dis-
bursing officer shall pay the same. If salaries are not paid within thirty days of
the date of application for the same by the teacher, boards of education shall, and
teachers may, report the fact to the commissioner of public schools, who will give
the matter personal attention.
80. TeacherB may me hoard for pay. — If the board of education of any district dis-
miss any teacher for any frivolous or insufficient reason, such teacher may bring suit
against such board of education, and if on the trial of the case a judgment be obtained
against the board of education, the board shall direct the clerk to issue an order upon
the proper disbursing officer for the sum so found due to the person entitied thereto,
and in such suits process may be served on the clerk of the board of the district, and
service upon him shall be sufficient
BNUHSRATION.
81. Yearly enumeration of school youth. — ^There shall be taken in each district
annually during the two weeks ending on the fourth Saturday of March an enumera-
tion of all unmarried youths, denoting sex, between 6 and 18 years of age, resident
within the district and not temporarily there, designating also the number between
8 years of age, the number between 8 and 14 years of age, the number between 14
and 16 years of age, and the number between 16 and 18 years of age.
82. How enumeration of yovih is taken. — Each person required or employed under
this order to take such enumeration shall take an oath or affirmation to take the
same accurately and truly to the best of his skill and ability. When making return
thereof to the proper officers, he shall accompany the same with a list of the names
of all the youths so enumerated, noting the age of each, and with his affidavit duly
certified that he has taken and returned the enumeration accurately and truly to
the best of his knowledge and belief, and that such list contains the names of all
youths so enumerated and none others.
Compensation for same. — The officer to whom such return is required to be made
may administer such oath or affirmation and take and certify such affidavits, and
shall keep in his office for the period of five years such reports and lists of names,
and each person taking and returning the enumeration shall be allowed by the
proper boaM of education reasonable compensation for his services, which in
municipal subdistricts shall not exceed $2 for each person authorized, required, or
appointed to perform the service.
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83. Director to take enumeration in suhdUtricts. — ^The director of each subdistrict shall
take the enumeration of his subdistrict and return same to the clerk of the board of
education in the manner j[>reecribed herein.
84. Clerks to trantmil abstract of enumeration to provmcial superintendeni, — ^The clerk
of each board shall, annually, on or before the first Saturday of April, make and
transmit to the provincial superintendent of the province in which is situated the
corresponding district, an abstract of the enumeration by this order required to be
returned to him, according to the form prescribed by the commissioner of public
schools, with an oath or affirmation indorsed thereon that it is a correct abstract of
the returns made to him tmder oath or affirmation, and the oath or affirmation of the
clerk may be administered and certified by any member of the board of education or
by the provincial superintendent
85. Provincial superintendents to furnish abstract to commissioner of public schools. — Each
provincial superintendent shall make and transmit to the commissioner of public
schools, on or before the last Saturday of April in each year, on blanks to be furnished
by the latter, an abstract of the enumeration returns made to him, duly certified.
86. Penalty for making fraudulent returns, — ^An officer through whose hands the
enumeration required herein to be returned passes, who, by percentage or otherwise,
adds to or takes from the number actually enumerated, shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor, and, upon conviction of such offense, shall be fined in any sum not
less than |5 nor more than $500, or imprisoned in the proper jail not lees than ten
nor more than thirty days, at the discretion of the court
87. False rehims from teachers. — ^Any enumerator, teacher, principal, or superin-
tendent who makes a fraudulent return of statistics shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,
and upon conviction of such offense shall be fined in any sum not less than |5 nor
more than $500, or imprisoned in the proper jail not less than ten nor more than
thirty days, at the discretion of the court.
ATTENDANCB.
88. T^me of attendance. — Every parent, guardian, or other person, having charge
of any child between the ages of 6 and 14 years, shall send such a child to a public,
private, or parochial school not less than twenty weeks, at least ten weeks of which,
commencing with the first four weeks of the school year, shall be consecutive, occa-
sional daily absence for reasonable excuse excepted.
Excusal from such attendance. — Unless the child is excused from such attendance by
the president of the board of education in municipal districts or city districts of the
second class, and the superintendent of instruction in city districts of the first class,
upon a satisfactory showing, either that the bodily or mental condition of the child
does not permit of its attending school, or that the child is being instructed at home
by a person qualified, in the opinion of the clerk of the board of education, to teach
writing, spelling, reading, geography, and arithmetic.
89. Employment of children under 14 years of age. — No child under the age of 14 years
shall be employed by any person, company, or corporation during the school term,
and while the public schools are in session, unless the parent, guardian, or person in
charge of such child shall have fully complied with the requirements of the preced-
ing paragraph. Every person, company, or corporation shall require proof of such
compliance before employing any such minor, and shall make and keep a written
record of the proof given, and shall, upon the request of the truant officer hereinafter
provided for, permit him to examine such record. Any person, company, or corpo-
ration employing any child contrary to the provisions of this paragraph shall be
fined not less than $25 nor more than $50.
90. Truant officers. — To aid in the enforcement of the last two paragraphs truant
officers shall be appointed and employed as follows: In city districts the board of
education shall appoint, employ, and fix the salary of one or more truant officers;
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598 BEPOBT ON THE CEK8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
in township districte the board of education shall appoint one tmant officer. The
compensation of the truant officer, except in city districts, shall be $2 per day for
each day actually employed in carrying out the orders of the clerk of the board of
education.
91. Powers and duties. — The tmant officer shall be vested with police powers, and
shall have authority to enter workshops, factories, stores, and all other places where
children may be employed, and do whatever may be necessary in the way of investi-
gation, or otherwise, to enforce the last two paragraphs. The clerk of the board of
education, upon the representation of the truant officer, shall institute proceedings
against any officer, parent, guardian, person, or corporation violating any of the pro-
visions of the last two paragraphs. The truant officer shall keep a record of his trans-
actions for the inspection and information of the board of education, and he shall
make such reports to the clerk of the board of education as are required by him.
91. ReporU of principcUs and teachers, — It shall be the duty of all principals and
teachers of schools — pubUc, private, and |)arochial — to report to the clerk of the board
of education of the district in which the schools are situated the names, ages, and
residence of all pupils in attendance at their schools, together with such other facta
as said clerk may require, in order to facilitate the carrying out of the last three parar
graphs, and such report shall be made the last week of each month. It shall be the
further duty of such principals and teachers to report to the clerk of the board of
education all cases of truancy in their respective schools as soon after the offenses
have been committed as practicable.
92. Proceedings in cases of truancy. — On the request of the clerk of the board of edu-
cation, the truant officer shall examine into any case of truancy within his district,
and warn the truant and its parents, guardian, or other person in chaige, in writing,
of the final consequences of truancy if persisted in. When any child between the
ages of 8 and 14 years is not attending school without lawful excuse, or in violation
of the preceding paragraph, the truant officer shall notify that parent, guardian, or
other person in charge of said child of the fact, and require such parent, guardian,
or other person in charge to cause the child to attend come recognized school within
five days of the day of notice; and it shall be the duty of the parent, guardian, or
other person in charge of the child so to cause its attendance at some recognized school.
Penalties imposed on parents, guardians, etc. — Upon failure to do so the truant officer
shall report the case to the clerk of the board of education, who shall make com-
plaint against the parent, guardian, or other person in chai^ of the child in any
court of competent jurisdiction in the district in which the offense occurs for such
failure, and upon conviction the parent, guardian, or other person in charge shall
be fined not less than $5 nor more than $25, in the discretion of the court, the
offense to be punishable as &faUa; or the court may, in its discretion, require the per-
son so convicted to give a bond in the penal simi of $100, with sureties to the
approval of the court, conditioned that he or she will cause the child under his or
her charge to attend some recognized school within five days thereafter, and to
remain at such school during the term prescribed by law; and upon a failure or
refusal of any such parent, guardian, or other person to pay said fine or furnish said
bond according to the order of the court, then said parent, guardian, or other per-
son shall be imprisoned in the proper jail not less than five days nor more than ten
days.
93. When child is exempt — When any truant officer is satisfied that any child,
compelled to attend school by the provisions preceding, is unable to attend school
because absolutely required to work, at home or elsewhere, in order to support itself,
or help support or care for others l^ally entitled to its support, who are unable to
support or care for themselves, the truant officer shall report the case tothe board
of education, who may exempt such child from the provisions preceding.
94. Penalties. — ^Any officer, principal, teacher, or person, mentioned in the forego-
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EDUCATION. 599
ing paragraphs, neglecting to perform any duty imposetl upon liim by tliese para-
graphs, shall be fined not less than $5 nor more than $20 for each offense. Any
oflScer or agent of any corporation violating any of the aforementioned paragraphs,
who participates or acquiesces in or is cognizant of such violation, shall be fined not
lees than $5 nor more than $20. Any person who violates any of the aforesaid
paragraphs for which a penalty is not elsewhere provided shall be fined not more,
than $50.
Jurisdiction. — Correctional judges, or if the district has not a correctional judge,
then the municipal, shall have jurisdiction to try the offenses described in the afore-
said paragraphs, and their judgment shall be final.
95. Where law does not operate. — This enforced attendance shall not be operative in
any school district where there are not suflScient accommodations in the public
schools to seat children compelled to attend the public schools under the provisions
of the five preceding paragraphs.
96. Duty of commissioner of public school. — It shall be the duty of the commissioner
of public schools from time to time, whenever deemed advisable, to formulate and
forward to boards of education throughout the island regulations and suggestions for
the instruction and guidance of all persons, ofl&cers, superintendents, principals,
teachers, and persons charged with the enforcement of the preceding six paragraphs,
or any of their provisions.
TEACHEKS* INSTITUTE.
97. OrffanizoHon by board of superintendents. — It shall be the duty of the board of
superintendents to organize in each province at least one teachers' institute, and more
than one, if, in the opinion of the board of superii^tendents, one will not accommo-
date all the teachers of the province.
98. Number and salaries of instructors and lecturers. — The board of superintendents
shall determine upon the number and salaries of instructors and lecturers of any
institute and the length of each session of the institute, provided that no session
shall continue less than foifr school weeks. Each teacher shall attend at least one
complete session of the institute in order to obtain his salary during the vacation
period.
Attendance of teachers necessary to collect vacation salaries. — As a condition of attend-
ing the institute each teacher shall deposit with an individual, to be designated by
the board of superintendents, the amount of $5, which shall form the institute fund.
99. Institute fund. — This fund shall be used to cover the necessary expenses of the
institute and shall be expended and accounted for as directed in order from time to
time. If the expenses of the institute exceed in amount the institute fund, the
unpaid balance shall be paid from the island revenues. If the institute fund for any
year exceeds the expenses of the institute for that year, such excess shall go to form
a sinking fund for the support of the institute.
100. Organization of institutes. — The board of superintendents shall, at their regular
meeting in October, 1900, decide upon a plan for the organization of the teachers'
institutes of the island for the school years of 1900-1901, and submit the same to the
secretary of public instruction and the military governor for approval as soon there-
after as possible.
101. Plans for the examination of teachers. — The board of superintendents shall at
their regular meeting in October, 1900, decide upon a plan for the examination of
the teachers of the island as to their qualification to teach, and shall present the
same in writing to the military governor through the secretary of public instruction
as soon thereafter as possible for his approval.
102. Certificate a requisite to employment of teacher. — After the approval and publica-
tion of the plan mentioned in the preceding paragraph no person shall be employed
as teacher in a common school who has not obtained from a board of examiners hav-
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600 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 18^9.
ing competent jorisdictioii, a certificate of good moral character and that he or she
is qualified to teach such branches of study as the board of superintendents may
decide upon and possesses adequate knowledge of the theory and practice of teaching.
103. All salaries and fines mentioned in this order shall be payable in United States
currency or its equivalent.
Institctb Collbgiatb Coubsb.
I. The studies indnded in the collegiate course (segunda enseflanza) will be offered
at the official institutes or at schools incorporated with the institutes.
II. The following qualifications are necessary for admission to the studies offered
in the collegiate course:
First The applicant for adnussion must be at least 14 years old, or be specially
authorized to be admitted.
Second. He shall demonstrate that he has taken the primary, elementary, and
superior courses of instruction.
The applicant shall undergo an examination whereby he shall demonstrate:
(a) That he speaks, reads, and writes the Spanish language correctly;
(6) That he reads and translates English or French passably, and
(c) That he has studied and is familiar with the following subjects:
1. Practical arithmetic up to the application of ratio and proportions.
2. Mechanical drawing and elements of geometry.
3. Complete geography of Cuba, elements of geography of America, and rudi-
ments of universal geography.
4. Elements of the history of Cuba and the rest of America.
5. Elements of physical geography.
6. Elements of hygiene.
7. Elements of physiology.
8. Elements of zoology and botany.
III. The institute collegiate course comprises —
Grammar and Spanish literature (historical and preceptive) .
A foreign language (English or French).
Universal geography, universal history.
Mathematics, including trigonometry.
Physics.
Chemistry.
Elements of cosmology (physical description of the world).
Introduction to biology. Natural history.
Logic and elements of psychology.
Introduction to sociology. Civic instruction.
These studies shall be completed in at least four years.
IV. The distribution of the studies in the different years shall rest with the insti-
tutes, subject, however, to the following rules:
The first course of a foreign language may be given in Spanish. The following
course must be given in the language taught
The study of geography shall precede that of history.
Algebra shall precede physics Mid chemistry. Greometry shall precede cosmolog)'.
Cosmology shall precede biology and these studies shall precede sociology.
Elements of cosmology and introduction to biology and sociology are elective
courses.
It shall be stated in the diploma given to the student at the end of his studies
whether he has followed any or all of the elective courses.
v. On completion of each course the standing and progress of the student shall be
demonstrated by the following examinations:
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EDUCATION. 601
Examination in Spanish Grammar and Literature.
The candidate shall be required to write one or two paragraphs on several 8U^
jects selected from a list prepared beforehand by the board, to be taken from stand-
ard modem Spanish or Spanish- American works.
He shall be required to give an oral explanation of what he may have written and
to demonstrate his knowledge of the rules of grammar and of rhetoric.
He shall" demonstrate that he has read and studied several classical works of
Spanish literature (XVI to XIX centuries), which shall be designated at the com-
mencement of the course.
The examination shall embrace the literary form and the classification of the work,
the author, and the literary period to which they may belong.
The student shall also present his composition and notebooks, certified to by his .
professor.
Serious mistakes in orthography, syntax, and elocution will determine the failure
of the student.
Examination in Foreign Lanquagb.
The candidate shall translate into correct Spanish some passages taken from
standard contemporary works. These works shall be periodically designated by the
institute.
He shall translate from Spanish into the language in which he is to be examined
some passages designated for the purpose.
He shall answer in the language he is being examined in the questions put to him
about the lexicography and syntax of the passages he may have translated.
Examination in Geography.
The candidate shall solve a series of problems on the planisphere and on the ter-
restrial sphere.
He shall answer questions demonstrating that he understands the principles of
map making.
He shall i)ass an oral map examination.
He shall write an exercise on a subject of descriptive geography presented by the
board, in which exercise he must show his knowledge of orography, hydrography,
different races, and of the physical, i>olitical, and economical nomenclature of any
country or region designated. He shall be allowed the use of any work he may
desire to consult in the preparation of this exercise.
He shall present his notebooks and designs made during the course, certified to
by the professor.
Examination in History.
This examination shall consist of two exercises: one oral, the other written.
The oral examination will be before a map. It will show the general knowledge
of the candidate regarding the principal historical epochs and a more circumstantial
knowledge of a period of modem history, which period shall be selected by the
examining board.
The written exercise shall consist of a thesis on a subject of modem history to be
previously selected by the board. In said exercise the candidate must demonstrate
a general knowledge of the political and social condition of the country during the
period designated. He shall be allowed the use of such works as he may desire to
consult.
He must present his notebook certified to by his professor and his sketches of his-
torical maps, and must prove that he has read historical works.
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602 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18^.
Examination in Mathematics (Arithmetic, Algebra, Gbometry, and
Trigonometry).
It shall conBist in the solution of a series of problems, not less than five, for each
one of the four divisions, whereby the candidate must demonstrate by reasoning his
knowledge of the fundamental principles of the science of mathematics.
The board shall take note of the clearnesss and precision shown by the student in
his reasoning and demonstrations. x
The student shall present his notebooks, and the work done by him daring the
course, which shall be certified to by the professor.
Examination in Physics.
The candidate shall select thirty experimental exercises from a list prepared
beforehand by the institute. Of these exercises ten shall relate to mechanics and
five each to light, heat, sound, and electricity, respectively.
The board may require such exercise or exercises as it may deem necessary, and an
explanation of the theories on which they are based. This examination shall take
place in the laboratory.
He shall present a written thesis on a subject selected by the board, which thesis
shall relate to the application of physical laws to current phenomena.
He shall present his notebooks with a description and result of his work in the
laboratory. They siiall be certified to by the professor.
Examination in Chemisttey.
The candidate shall choose twenty experiments from a list prepared beforehand
by the institute. The examining board will require him to perform one or more
of said experiments and give the necessary explanations.
This examination shall take place in the laboratory.
The candidate shall present a written thesis on a subject selected by the board,
which thesis shall demonstrate his acquaintance with chemical phenomena and its
laws.
He shall present his notebooks with a description and result of his work in the
laboratory, certified to by the professor.
Examination in Elements op Cosmoloot.
The examination shall be written and oral.
The first shall demonstrate the student's general knowledge of the mechanism of
the universe, especially of the earth, as well as his skill in the handling of the more
necessary instruments for elementary astronomical and meteorological observations.
The second exercise shall consist in the students presenting a written thesis on a
subject selected by the board. Subjects on geology and physical geography will be
preferred.
The candidate shall present his copy books with the notes and observations made
by him during the course. These copy books shall be certified to by~the professor.
Examination in Biology.
The student shall present a short thesis on the subject given him by the board,
which shall demonstrate that he possesses a thorough knowledge of vital phenomena.
He shall answer all questions in reference to his thesis.
Examination in Natural Histoey (Mineralogy, Botany, Zoology).
The object of this examination is to demonstrate that the student understands the
elemental phenomena of these sciences, and that he has studied them by direct
obeer\'ation.
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EDUCATION, 603
He eball undergo an oral examination embracing at least one sample of each
kingdom.
This examination shall take place in the musemn.
The student shall present a certificate from the professor of his having examined
during the course at least twenty minerals, twenty plants, and twenty animals, and
the descriptions and classifications he may have made.
Examination in Logic aAd Elements op Psychology.
^ The candidate shall demonstrate that he knows the fundamental laws of logic in
their two divisions — ^inductive and deductive; and he shall present exercises on
propositions, syllogism and sophism.
He shall present a written thesis on a subject given him by the board on psycho-
logical data of logic.
He shall present his exercises and notebooks certified to by the professor.
Examination in Sociology.
The candidate shall present a thesis on a subject given him by the board which
shall demonstrate that he posesses a thorough knowledge of social phenomena.
He shall answer all questions in reference to his thesis.
Examination on Civic Instruction.
The candidate shall demonstrate by an oral examination that he possesses a general
knowledge concerning the state, individual freedom, government and its functions.
He shall present a thesis wherein he shall apply said principles to the political
organization of Cuba in any of the different periods of its history, which period
shall be selected by the board.
He shall present his notebooks certified to by the professor.
At the close of the exercises of each examination, the board shall decide whether
the student has passed (aprobado; A. ), has failed (desaprobado; D. ), or is conditioned
(suspenso; S.).
The institute may order special examinations at the end of each course.
After passing the final examinations in compulsory studies, the student has the
right to demand his examination for a diploma as bachelor of letters and sciences.
This shall be oral and written.
The oral examination shall last at least one hour, and shall consist in his replying
satisfactorily to the different questions of the board on subjects in the different
studies.
The written exercises shall consist of a thesis on a subject drawn by chance from
a list prepared beforehand by the institute. The board shall be assembled to listen
to the reading of the thesis, and the candidate shall be required to give such explana-
tions as the board may deem proper.
The fee for this examination shall be $10.
PfiOFESSOBS.
VI. There shall be professors, assistant and supernumerary professors.
Professors shall be appointed according to the following classification:
Class A. Spanish grammar and literature (3 courses).
Classes B and C. English and French (2 courses, respectively).
Class D. Universal geography and history (2 courses).
Class E. Mathematics (3 courses).
Class F. Physics and chemistry (3 courses, 2 of physics and 1 of chemistry).
Class G. Cosmology; biology; natural history (3 courses).
Class H. Logic; sociology and civic instruction (2 courses).
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604 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
When the number of studenta does not exceed 50, each class shall have one
professor.
When the number exceeds 50, an assistant professor shall be also appointed. If
the nmnber exceeds 100 another assistant profeasor shall be appointed, and so on for
each 50 students.
The professor shall teach all the courses in each subject
The salary of the professor shall be $1,^ per annum for the first course, with an
increase of 40 per cent and 20 per cent of the salary for the second and third courses,
respectively. The i^Edary of an assistant professor shall be $750 per annum, with the
same proportionate increase.
Should a professorship become vacant the assistant professor shall be appointed
thereto. If there be more than one assistant professor, the senior shall be i^pointed
to the vacant professorship.
There shall be at least two supernumerary professors at each institute; one for the
academic branches and one for the scientific. They will assume the duties of the
professors and assistant professors whenever these may be absent for good and suffi-
cient reason. Supernumerary professors shall receive one-fourth the salary of a full
professor. They shall be paid at the rate of $750 per annum for the time over one
month they may serve as substitutes to a professor. The resulting difference shall
be deducted from the salary of the professor.
Services rendered as supernumerary professor will be taken into consideration
when appointing assistant professors.
. Salaries in the institutes of the provinces shall be reduced 10 per cent, proportionally.
APPOINTMBNT OF PROFESSORS.
The following rules shall govern the appointment of professors for those chairs
which may become vacant in the future and are not filled by the promotion thereto
of an assistant professor, and for the appointment of assistant professors:
The candidate shall be a doctor in letters or sciences. He shall present a written
statement of his works (books) or researches.
He shall present before a boards appointed for the purpose by the secretary of
public instruction, a vrritten composition on a subject pertaining to the chair he
desires to obtain; the subject to be selected from a list previously made out by the
board.
Should the course require oral teaching, he shall give an experimental oral lesson
before the board.
The composition shall be written within six hours, in a closed room, the candidate
being allowed to consult such works as he may require.
The oral lesson shall take place after twenty-four hours' free preparation.
It shall last three-quarters of an hour.
Should there be but one candidate, the board upon consideration of his fitness as
demonstrated by his works (books) or researches, and by his previous examina-
tions, shall approve or disapprove the claim. Approval will in this case entitle the
candidate to the chair.
Should there be more than one candidate, the board shall prepare a list of those
who have passed the examination according as they are more or less fit First place
on the list will carry with it a right to the chair.
The degree of doctor in letters or sciences is not required for a professorship in
foreign languages.
When full professors are without employment they shall be given preference as
assistant professors.
Matriculation.
VII. Students admitted to the institute coU^iate course shall pay $25 a year, in
two installments.
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BDUilATION, 605
This registration fee gives them the right to attend all the coorsee of the institute.
When a student attends experimental coorsee he shall pay |3 a year, in one pay-
ment, for the use of the laboratory.
Students of incorporated colleges shall not pay for matriculation in the institute,
but shall pay an examination fee of $10 for each subject taught.
Students of private institutions may present themselves for examination on pay-
ment of the same fee for each course.
Museums and Laboratories.
VIII. The allotment for scientific material (instruments) for the use of the Insti-
tute of Habana is hereby settled in the amount of $3,000.
This allotment shall be proportionally distributed among the several museums and
laboratories, according to the judgment of the director, after consultation with the
different professors.
Preparatory Course.
IX. For two years, commencing October 1, 1900, a preparatory course shall be
given at the institutes, for which the age requisite is not necessary.
To attend the preparatory course the appUcant must prove that he has received
primary elementary instruction.
The studies of the preparatory course shall be:
Group A. Spanish grammar with exercises of composition and derivation; recitar
tion of selected pieces in Spanish prose or verse, with explanation of the same; ele-
ments of geography and history.
Group B. Practical arithmetic up to ratio and proportion; mechanical drawing
and elements of geometry; elements of hygiene; elements of physiology, zoology,
and botany.
The distribution of these classes and their duration shall be regulated by the
institute.
Each group shall be taught by a professor, aided by such number of assistants as
he may require, in the same proportion of one assistant for each additional fifty
students.
The salaries of these professors shall be $2,000.
The matriculation fee for the two courses shall be $20, payable in two installments.
Calisthenic Exercises.
X. Calisthenic exercises shall be obligatory to the students of the institute.
At each institute there shall be a g}rmnasium and an instructor of gymnastics.
XI. The secretary of public instruction will issue the necessary instructions in
order that students who are actually following courses in the institutes may complete
their studies.
University InerrRUCTiON.
The University of Habana shall have three faculties, viz: The faculty of letters and
sciences, the faculty of medicine and pharmacy, the faculty of law.
The faculty of letters and sciences shall include the school of letters and philoso-
phy, the school of pedagogy, the school of sciences, the school of engineers, electri-
cians, and architects, the school of agriculture.
The foculty of medicine and pharmacy shall include the school of medicine, the
school of pharmacy, the school of dental sui^ry, the school of veterinarians.
The faculty of law shall include the school of civil law, the school of pubUc law,
the school of notaries public.
The university shall be under the direction of a rector and shall have a general
secretary. These functionaries shall be elected by the professors of the faculties, in
full session.
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606 BEPOBT ON THE CENStJS OF CUBA, 1899.
The election shall be made by a majority of at leaet two-thirds of the profeasorB
present, there being assembled atleaet three-fourths of the total number of profesBorB.
The office of rector shall last three years; that of secretary six years. There shall
be no limit to reelections.
The rector and secretary shall not be necessarily professors, but if they should be,
they shall not occupy their chairs during the time they fill the aforementioned offices.
There shall be a board of inspectors for the university, which shall look to the
improvement and prosperity of the institution and propose to the government any
measures tendmg to said object.
The board shall consist of eleven members, as follows: Three members ex offido,
namely, the president of the Academy of Sciences of Habana, the president of the
"Sociedad Econ6mica,'' the president of the supreme court; two members designated
by the faculty of the university, but not belonging to it; two members delegated
from the six institutes of the island, but not belonging to any of them; one member
appointed by the Association Estudios Clinicos of Habana; one member appointed
by the bar association of Habana; two members appointed by the government from,
among persons distinguished for their knowledge or artistic attainments. Four of the
eight members shall be elected every three years. They shall hold office six years.
The Facui/ties.
Each faculty is composed of the professors of its different school and shall be pre-
sided over by a dean, and have a secretary, elected, both of them, from the profeaBors.
The faculty shall freely regulate the order of instruction of its different schools,
distribute and subdivide the courses, appoint periods for vacations and examinations,
and recommend the refoiln, extension of studies, increase of courses, addition of
chairs and laboratories which the growth of the school may demand, without .further
Umitations than the following:
The complete courses of the university must last nine months within the year.
The courses in any school, which students of another school or of another fecnlty
may be obliged to follow, shall be so arranged as to be accessible to said students,
a^d the different Unities shall agree upon suitable days and hours for the corre-
sponding lectures. In case of any disagreement among the Unities the rector shall
decide the matter.
Each ^ulty shall establish its own regulations and submit them to the approval
of the rector. In case of disapproval he will state the reasons therefor. The foculty
may appeal from the decision of the rector to the board of inspectors.
FACui;rY of Leiters and Sciences.
SCHOOL OF LBTTEBS AND PHILOSOPHY.
The studies to be pursued in the school are: Latin language and literature; Greek
language and literature; linguistics and philology; history of modem literature;
psychology; universal modem history; moral philosophy; sociology; hi^ory of
philosophy (lectures).
For the establishment of the chairs these studies shall be grouped as follows:
Chair A. Latin language and literature, 3 courses.
Chair B. Greek language and literature, 3 courses.
Chair C. Linguistics and philology, 1 course.
Chair D. History of Spanish literature, 1 course; history of modem foreign litera-
ture, 2 courses.
Chair E. History of America, 1 course; modem history of the rest of the world, 2
courses.
Chair F. Psychology, 1 course; moral philosophy, 1 course; sociology, 1 course.
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EDUCATION. 607
Final written examinations shall be held on each subject. Students shall answer
all questions put to them by the board upon the subjects they may have considered,
and shall present certificates testifying to the work they have done during the courses.
Examination in Latin and Greek requires sight translation and the answering of any
questions concerning the text translated.
Everything else concerning the examination shall be regulated by the faculty.
The faculty shall admit to the exercises for the degree of doctor in philosophy and
letters any students who may have satisfactorily completed all the coursS of the
school of letters and philosophy.
These exercises shall consist of the presentation of a thesis on a subject selected by
the candidate from a list which the faculty shall prepare annually and in answering
to the questions on said thesis given him by the examining board.
Also the delivery, after twenty-four hours of free preparation, of an oral lesson of
not more than three-quarters of an hour duration.
The rector, upon the recommendation of the faculty, shall grant the title of doctor
in philosophy and letters to students passing the above examinations.
SCHOOL OF PEDAGOGY.
The studies to be pursued in this school are: Pedagogic psychology, pedagogic
methodology, history of pedagogy, mechanical and free-hand drawing.
For the establishment of the chairs these subjects shall be grouped as follows:
Chair A. Pedagogic psychology, 1 course; history of pedagogy, 1 course.
Chair B. Pedagogic methodology, 2 courses. *
Chair C. Drawing, 2 courses.
A school of practice for teachers shall be added to the school of pedagogy.
Examinations shall be held at the end of each course, in the same manner as those
for the schools of letters and philosophy.
The faculty shall admit to the exercises for the d^ree of doctor in pedagogy any
students who may have satisfactorily passed all of the examinations of the school of
pedagogy and examinations on the following studies: History of Spanish literature,
history of America, modem history of the rest of the world, psychology, moral phi-
losophy, physiology, hygiene, anthropology.
At the same time the student shall demonstrate that he has taught as assistant to a
professor at the school of practice during a year at least.
The exercises shall be equal to those of the school of philosophy and letters; but
the lesson must refer strictly to the application of padagogic methods to any of the
matters of instruction in the schools.
The rector, upon the recommendation of the faculty, shall grant the title of doctor
in pedagogy to the students who have duly qualified in these subjects.
School of Sciences.
The studies to be taught in this school are mathematical analysis in all its
branches; geometry (descriptive and analytical); trignonometry (analytical, plane,
and spherical); astronomy; mechanics; physics (heat, light, sound, electricity);
chemistry (inorganic and organic, qualitative and quantitative analysis); cosmol-
ogy; biology; anthropology; mineralogy and crystallography; botany, and zoology.
For the establishment of the chairs these studies shall be grouped as follows:
Chair A. Mathematical analysis, 2 courses.
Chair B. Geometry and trigonometry, 2 courses.
Chair C. Astronopy, 1 course; cosmology, 1 course.
Chair D. Mechanics, 1 course; physics, 2 courses.
Chair E. Chemistry, 2 courses.
Chair F. Anthropology, 1 course.
Chair G. Biology, 1 course; zoology, 2 courses.
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608 BBPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899,
Chair H. Mineralc^, 1 course; botany, 2 couraee.
The school of sciences has a cabinet of astronomy and another of physics, a chem-
ical laboratory, a museum of anthropology and natural history, and a botanical
garden.
Each cabinet and laboratory shall have its corresponding head and the necessary
assistants; the museum shall have a curator and the necessary assistants; the garden
a director with the necessary assistants.
Examinations shall be held upon the completion of each course. These examina-
tions shall be, above all, of a practical and experimental character. The students
shall exliibit certificates of their work.
The faculty shall admit to the examinations for the degree of doctor in sciences
any students who may have successfully passed all of the examinations of the school
of sciences besides two courses of drawing.
These exercises shall be equal to those of the school of philosophy and letters, but
the oral lesson must be an objective one.
The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor
in sciences to the students who have been found duly qualified in these courses.
School of Enginbsbs, Elbctbicians, and ABCHiTEcre.
The studies to be followed in this school are: Topographical and structural archi-
tectual drawing; stereotomy, shades and shadows, perspective, machine design, ^
stonecutting; surveying topography; geology and geodesy; hydromechanics; metal-
lurgy; graphic statistics; strength of materials; machinery; city constructions (art
of hewing stone and handling materials); road engineering (city streets and com-
mon roads, bridges, railroads); architecture (planning of buildings, constructions,
and decorations of buildings) ; history of architecture; contracts, estimates, and spe-
cial legislation concerning engineering and electricity ; special instruction in electricity.
These studies shall be grouped in the following manner:
Chair A. Drawing, 3 courses.
Chair B. Stereotomy, 3 courses.
Chair C. Topography and surveying, 2 courses; geology and geodesy, 1 course.
Chair D. Metallui^, 1 course; civic constructions, 1 course; strength of materials,
graphic statistics, 1 course.
Chair E. Hydromechanics, 1 course; machinery, 1 course.
Chair F. Road engineering — streets and common roads, 1 course; bridges, 1 course;
railroads, 1 course.
Chair G. Architecture, 1 course; history of architecture, 1 course; contracts, etc,
1 course.
Chair H. Special instruction in electricity, 3 courses.
The school shall have attached to it a mechanical laboratory, a shop, and an elec-
trical laboratory and workshop. Each laboratory shall have a chief with the neces-
sary assistants.
The instruction shall be eminently practical. Students shall be obliged to visit
workshops, public works, and constructions.
Examinations of a practical and descriptive character shall be held at the end of
each course. Students shall exhibit the work they may have completed, certified to
by the professor.
The ^ulty shall admit to the examination for the degree of civil engineer, any
student who may have pursued and been found duly qualified in all of the courses
of the school of engineers, excepting those of architecture and special instruction in
electricity, and who have pursued and been found duly qualified in the following
studies: Mechanical and free-hand drawing; mathematical analysis in all its exten-
sion; geometry and trigonometry; astronomy; mechanics; physics; chemistry;
mineralogy.
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EDUCATION. 609
The exerdfie shall consist of the presentation of a project for a construction in any
of the branches of study, including the necessary illustrative designs, plans, and
models, and an estimate for the work.
The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of civil
engineer to the students who have passed these examinations.
The faculty shall admit to the examination for the degree of electrical engineer
any students who may have studied and been found duly qualified in the following
studies: Mathematical analysis; geometry and trigonometry; mechanical drawing
applied to machinery; mechanics; physics; chemistry; metallurgy; strength of
materials; machinery; special course in electricity.
* The exercise shall consist of the presentation of a study of an electrical machine,
plant, 8}rstem, or process, with the designs, models, and necessary calculations.
The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of electrical
engineer to the students who have passed this examination;
The faculty shall admit to examination for the degree of architect any students who
may have satisfactorily passed the following studies: Mechanical and free-hand
drawing; mathematical analysis; geometry and trigonometry; mechanics; physics;
chemistry; mineralogy; topographic, structural, and architectural drawing; stere-
otomy ; strength of materials; graphic statistics; civil constructions; machinery; archi-
tecture; history of architecture; contracts; hygiene.
The exercises shall consist in the presentation of a plan for the construction of a
public or private building, with the necessary illustrative designs, plans, and models,
and its estimate.
The rector shall, upon recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of architect
to the students who pass said exercises satisfactorily.
The faculty shall regulate the studies for builders, and shall grant said title to
students who, after having followed the courses pertaining thereto, shall pass the
examination required by the faculty.
Matriculation for said studies shall take place at the office of the faculty, and the
latter shall also collect the examination fees.
School op Agmcultubb.
The studies followed in this school are industrial chemistry and industrial analy-
sis, manufacture of sugar, agriculture, zootechny.
These studies shall be grouped as follows:
Chair A. Industrial chemistry with analysis, 1 course; manufacture of sugar, 1
course.
Chair B. Agriculture, 2 courses; zootechny, 1 course.
The school shall have a piece of groimd for agricultural experiments, which shall
be in chai^ of the professor of Chair B, with the necessary assistants.
Examinations of a practical and experimental character shall be held at the end
of each course. Students shall present certificates of work done by them.
The faculty shall admit to examination for the title of chemical agricultural
expert any student who may have passed all the courses of the school, and the fol-
lowing studies: Mathematical analysis, geometry and trigonometry, mechanics,
physics, chemistry, topography and surveying, mineralogy, geology, zoology, botany.
, The exercises shall consist of a series of chemical industrial analyses and of the
presentation of a project for a forming enterprise.
The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of
chemical agricultural expert to students who satisfactorily pass said exercises.
School op Medicine.
The studies to be followed in this school are hygiene; physiology; anatomy; normal
histology; dissection; pathological anatomy, and histology; bacteriology; topographical
24662 39
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610
BEPOET ON THE 0KN8US OF CUBA, 1899.
anatomy and operations; general pathology, with ite clinic; medical pathology, with
ita clinic; surgical pathology, with its clinic; gynecology, with ite clinic; ob^tetrios,
with ite clinic; pediatrics, with ite clinic; therapeutics and materia medica; medical
jurisprudence and toxicology.
Groups ofitudUs in the school of medicme.
Bewriptlve anatomy. ,
Diflsection
2
Normal histology and hlsto-chem-
Istry.
Medical physics and chemistry
Physiology, with demonstrations....
Medical natural history pharma-
cology.
Therapentics, materia medica, etc...
Toxicology
Oeneralpathology , with clinic
Bacteriology
Pathological anatomy and histology.
Medicine
Tropical diseases
Clinical analysis, microscopic and
chemical.
Clinical medicine
Diseases of children with clinic
Surgical pathology
Gynecology with clinic
Suigical anatomy and operations. .. .
Clinical surgery ,
Genito-urinary surgery ,
Skin and syphilis
9 Obstetrics with clinic ,
ift/Hygi©ne and State medicine
*^L^1 medicine
&
.»
Iconise..
2coai8e8.
I course..
1 course..
1 course.,
i course..
1 course.,
i course.,
loonne..
i course..
I course..
1 course,
i course.
1 course.
1 course.
1 course.
1 course.
1 course.
1 course.
1 course,
i course,
i course.
Icourse.
1 course.
I course.
ProLA.
Asst. A..
Piof.B..
ProtB..
Prof.C.
Prof.C,
Prof.C.
Prof.D.
Prof.D.
Asst A.,
Prof. E.
Prof.D.
Prof. F.
AsstB.
Prof.G.
Piof.Q.
Asst. C.
Prof.H.
Prof.H.
Prof.H.
Prof. I.
Prot J.
Prof. J.
Demonstrator A .
Chief of laboratory A.
Chief of laboratory B.
.do.
Chief of laboratory C.
do
do
Special interne A
chief of laboratory D.
Chief of laboratory A.
Special interne A.,
Demonstrator B . .
Chief of clinic A. .
Special interne B.
Special int^eC.,
Chief of clinic C
.....do
....do
Chief of clinic D
Chief of Laboratory E
do
Assistant dem-
omtratofB A
andB.
Assistant dem-
onstrator C.
Assistant dem-
onstrator D.
Do.
Assistant dem-
onstrators.
Da
Do.
Anistant dem-
onstrator P.
Assistant don-
onstiatorG.
Aflsi8tant3-H.
Assistant I.
Assistant J.
Do.
Special lectures of three months' duration, namely: Ophthalmology, nervous and
mental diseases, throat, nose, and ear.
The school shall have an anatomical amphitheater, a histological laboratory, and
a bacteriological laboratory. There shall be a chief for each one of these depart-
mente and for each of the clinics, with the necessary assistante.
Studente are obliged to do practical work of dissection, histology and pathological
anatomy, and to visit the hospitals from the second year on.
Examinations of a practical and descriptive character shall be held at the end of each
course. Studente shall exhibit the courses and practical work they have completed,
certified to by the professor.
The faculty shall admit to the examinations for the degree of doctor in medicine
any studente who may have passed all of the studies of the school, in addition to
those of physics and chemistry.
The exercises shall consist of oral and written examinations on four cases of clin-
ical medicine, on a case of fracture and two or more of clinical suigery, three cases of
obstetrics, and one of clinical pediatrics.
The board may require the candidate to give oral explanations.
The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor
in medicine to the studente who have been found duly qualified in these examina-
tions.
School op Phakmacy.
The studies to be followed in this school are: Analytical chemistry; special analy-
sis (medicines, food and poisons); pharmacography (pharmaceutical matter); prac-
tical pharmacy.
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BDUOATJOir. 611
These studies shall, for the assignment of chaire, be grouped as follows:
Chair A. Analytical chemistry, 2 courses; special analysis, 1 course.
Chair B. Phannacography, 2 courses.
Chair C. Practical pharmacy, 2 courses.
The school shall have three laboratories: One for anal3r8iB, another for pharmauog-
raphy, and the other for pharmacy.
There shall be chiefs of laboratories and assistants.
Examinations, mainly of a practical and experimental character, shall be held at
the end of each course. Students shall present certificates of the work done by
them in the laboratory.
The faculty shall admit to examination for the degree of doctor in pharmacy any
students who may have passed all of the studies of the school of pharmacy, in addi-
tion to the following: Physics, chemistry, and botany.
The exercises shall consist of four analyses: One for an organic substance, one for a
medicinal substance, one for a food substance, and another for a toxic substance; and
of two exercises in laboratory work, one of them being the microscopic examination
of some pharmaceutic matter, and the other the manipulation of formube or pre-
scriptions.
The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor
in pharmacy to the students who have passed these examinations.
School of Dental Subobby.
The studies to be followed in this school are: Abnormal histology of the mouth;
special pathology of the mouth; operative dentistry; mechanical dentistry.
These studies shall be grouped as follows:
Chair A. Abnormal histology of the mouth, 1 course; mechanical dentistry, 2 courses.
Chair B. Special pathology of the mouth, 1 course; operative dentistry, 2 courses.
The school shall have a dental laboratory and a dental clinic. This laboratory
shall have the necessary assistants; the professor of operative dentistry shall be the
head of the clinic and have the necessary assistants.
Examinations of a practical and descriptive character shall take place at the end
of each course. Students shall present certificates of their work in the laboratory
and clinic.
The faculty shall admit to examinations for the degree of dental surgeon any stu-
dents who may have passed the studies of the school of dental suigery, as well as
the following: Anatomy, normal histology, physiology, general pathology, patho-
logical anatomy and histology and bacteriology, therapeutics and materia medica.
The exercises shall consist of the examination of four clinical dental cases and a
written report on them, and the presentation of a sample of the student's work done
within the laboratory of the school.
The board may require the candidate to give oral explanations.
The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of dental
surgeon to the students who may have passed these examinations.
The school of veterinary medicine shall be oiganized later.
School of Civil Law.
The studies to be followed in this school are: Roman law, civil law, penal law,
law of procedure, commercial law, and public instruments.
For the establishment of chairs, these studies shall be grouped as follows:
Chair A. Roman law, 1 course; public instruments, 1 course.
Chair B. Civil law, 3 courses.
Chair C. Penal law, 2 courses.
• Chair D. Law of procedure, 2 courses; commercial law, 1 course.
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612 BEFOBT ON THE OSIfSUB OF CUBA, 1899.
An academy for legal practice shall be attached to the school.
After the first year of study students are obligated to attend public law suits in the
courts of justice of this capital.
Examinations shall be held at the end of each course; these examinations shall
always be in writing. Students shall answer the questions put to them by the board
concerning the subjects they have treated, and shall present certificates of the work
they may have done during the courses.
Ilie faculty shall admit to examination for the degree of doctor in civil law any
students who may have passed all the studies of the school, in addition to the
following: Latin, modem history, psychology, moral philosophy, sociology, political
economy, and anthropol<^y.
These exercises shall consist of the presentation of a thesis upon a subject selected
by the candidate from a list the faculty shall annually prepare and of an oral exam-
ination by the board.
He shall explain to the board the records of a civil or criminal suit, their connec-
tion and object, and give a dear opinion on the case.
The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor
in civil law to the students who may have passed these examinations.
School of International Law.
The studies to be followed in this school are: Political economy, public finance,
administrative law, constitutional law, international law.
These studies are for the establishment of the chairs, grouped as follows:
Chair A. Political economy, 1 course; public finance, 1 course.
Chair B. Administrative law, 2 courses.
Chair C. Constitutional law, 2 courses; international law, 1 course.
At the end of each course examinations shall be held in the same manner as those
for the school of civil law.
The faculty shall admit to examinations for the degree of doctor in international
law any students who may have passed all of the examinations of the school of inter-
national law and the following: Modem history, psychology, moral philosophy,
sociology, civil law, penal law.
The exercise shall consist of the presentation of a thesis under the same conditions
as those of the school of civil law.
The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor
of international law to the students who may have passed these examinations.
School of Notaries Public.
The studies to be pursued in this school are: Civil law, penal law, law of procedure,
commercial law, administrative law, public instruments.
Students in this school must have one year practical experience before obtaining
their degrees.
The faculty shall admit to examinations for the title of notary public any students
who may have passed all of these studies.
The exercises shall consist in the recording of different public documents selected
by the board.
The Professors.
There shall be professors, assistant professors, assistant professors (chiefs of clinic),
and assistant professors (chiefe of laboratory).
There shall be a professor for each of the chairs of the different schools, who shall
teach all of the courses of the subject The salary of a professor shall be $2,000 per
annum for the first course, and he shall receive 40 per cent and 20 per cent increase
of his salary for the second and third courses, respectively.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
EDUCATION, 613
Professors who have a clinic attached to their cham shall be paid the half conise
at the rate of a whole course, as increase of salary.
Those in chai*^ of one coarse only, with a clinic attached thereto, shall receive an
increase of 20 per cent of their salary, and those teaching two courses with a clinic
shall receive 10 per cent increase.
The assistant professors shall substitute the professors during their justified absences.
Whenever an assistant professor (chief of a clinic or of a laboratory) takes the place
of the professor, he shall be substituted in his functions as a chief by the first assist-
ant to the professor.
The assistant professors become professors in cases of vacancy.
The school of letters and philosophy shall have two assistant professors, one for
for the group of languages and the other for that of history and the philosophic
sciences.
The school of pedagogy shall have an assistant professor.
The school of sciences shall have as many assistant professors as there may be
chiefe of laboratories required. The curator of the museum and the director of the
botanical garden are also assistant professors.
The school of engineers shall have an assistant professor and its corresponding
chiefe of laboratory.
The school of medicine shall have an assistant professor and its chiefe of laboratory
and clinic. The chief of the amphitheater is also an assistant professor.
The school of pharmacy shall have as many assistant professors as there may be
laboratory chiefe required.
The school of dental suigery shall have an assistant professor.
The school of civil law shall have an assistant professor.
The school of public law shall have an assistant professor.
One of the assistant professors of the faculty of letters and philosophy shall be the
librarian of the university.
Assistant professors who have no additional functions, such as chief of laboratory,
etc., are obliged to give two weekly lectures on subjects connected with their school.
The salary of the assistant professors who have no additional functions shall be
$750 per annum.
Whenever they substitute a professor they shall have an increase of $250.
Assistant professors (chiefe of laboratories and clinics), the curator of the museum,
the director of the botanical garden, the chief of the amphitheater, and the librarian
shall have a salary of $1,000 each per annum.
The assistants to professors in the laf)oratories and clinics shall receive $500 per
annum. Whenever the first assistant to the professor takes the place of the chief^
said amount shall be increased to $750.
Assistants to professors are appointed by the rector, upon the recommendation of
the faculty.
All doctors graduated in the University of Habana, or who are l^ally incorporated
therewith, may give courses of lectures in the university upon coming to an agreement
with the dean of the faculty to which the subject taught may belong.
The students of these courses shall be admitted to examination upon payment of a
fee of $25 per subject
Pbofbssobships.
The following rules shall be observed in regard to chairs which may become vacant
and not be filled by the promotion of the assistant professors thereto; they likewise
apply to assistant professorship.
. The candidate must hold the degree of doctor in the profession to which the chair
may belong. The title of engineer shall be equivalent to that of doctor.
The title of normal professor authorizes one to apply for the chairs of the school of
pedagogy. No title is required for candidates to the chair of mechanical and free-
hand drawinir.
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614 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
The candidate shall exhibit a written report of his works, books, and services ren-
dered to instruction.
He shall present to the board of examination appointed for that porpoee by the
board of inspectors, a written composition selected from a list of subjects prepared by
the board, on the studies pertaining to the chair to which he aspires. He shall
accompany the composition with a statement of the works he has consulted.
After forty-eight hours' free preparation he shall give a one-hour oral lesson before
the board.
The composition shall be written within six hours, in a closed room, but the can-
didate may consult the necessary works for reference.
Candidates for the chairs of sciences, engineering, medicine, pharmacy, and dental
surgery shall be subjected to a series of practical examinations.
If there should be but one candidate, the board taking into consideration excel-
lence displayed in his works or books and the preceding exercises will approve or
disapprove his candidacy. Approval will entitle him to the chair.
If there should be more than one candidate, the board will draw up a list of those
approved, in the order of their standing. The first on the list will be entitled to
the chair.
Candidates who may have formerly been professors of the university shall be
credited with the services they have rendered, and they shall be excused from the
first exercise.
The Students.
To be eligible for admission as a student to the University of Habana —
The candidate must be 18 years old.
He must have obtained the degree of bachelor of letters and sciences in any of
the institutes of the island, or hold a similar degree, duly certified to, from a foreign
college or institute.
Matriculation.
The students admitted to the university shall pay $80 a year in four payments.
Payment of said matriculation fee admits a student to all the courses of the
university.
Whenever the student attends experimental courses, he shall pay |6 a year in
two payments for the use of the laboratory.
The faculties shall admit any student of the uniyersity to registration in their
courses, provided he has paid his matriculation; but they shall not admit him to
examinations in a course until he has passed all others that precede it in accordance
to the order of sequence established.
Students following private courses outside of the universfty may attend the uni-
versity examination by paying $25 for each subject.
The registration fee for examination for a de^^^ee is $25.
Fellowshifs.
There are three fellowships established, one for each faculty, with an annual allow-
ance of $1,200 each.
These fellowships shall be given to distinguished students of the university after
they have obtained their degrees.
They shall be awarded by the rector, upon the recommendation of the faculty and
a majority vote of two-thirds of the professors. Students who obtain fellowships
must go abroad to complete their studies, and especially to perform advanced experi-
mental work.
The f ellowshipe shall be for two years.
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EDUCATION. 615
Students holding fellowships from the university shaU be preferred in the selection
of chiefe of clinics and laboratories.
Museums and Labobatobies. '
The sum of $18,000 is hereby assigned for the purchase of the scientific material
of the university. The faculties shall forward as soon as practicable the estimates
for the new laboratories to be established in accordance with this order.
Suppression op the Professional School.
The Professional School of Habana is hereby suppressed, to date from October 1,
1900.
Students registered in this school may continue their studies in the school of engi-
neering of the University of Habana, where they will be admitted without exami-
nation or presentation of title and be credited with whatever courses they may have
already successfully passed in the Professional School.
Such students shall pay the university a matriculation fee of only |25 a year for
three years, to date from the closing of the Professional School.
The title of master workman issued by the Professional School of Habana shall
admit a student to the school of engineering of the university.
Such students will be credited with the studies successfully passed in the Profes-
sional School.
The secretary of public instruction is hereby charged with the' execution of this
order and will issue such instructions as to detuls as may be necessary.
It is probable that this plan will require modification after receiving
a practical test, and in fact some changes have already been suggested.
It will be given a thorough trial, however, and everything will be
done during the American occupation of the island to establish and
develop a thorough course of public education suitable to the character
and state of the people. In pursuance of this programme upwards of
1,500 public school teachers were brought to Harvard College in July
for instruction in American methods of education and the English
language.
At the end of June there were 3,000 public schools, 3,500 teachers,
and 130,000 pupils under instruction in Cuba, and the estimated expend-
itures for school purposes for this year is upwards of $4,000,000. By
comparing these statistics with those already given in describing the
state of the schools prior to January 1, 1899, it will be evident that
some progress has been made. But a great deal remains to be done,
as nothing concerning the welfare of the island is of more importance
than the education of the children upon whom, when they shall have
become full grown, the future of Cuba will depend.
DISCUSSION OF THE TABLES.
In addition to the facts regarding education derived from the sched-
ule for population and already explained (pp. 147 to 154), a special
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616
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
schedule for schools was famished to the enomerators, of which the
following is a copy:
Census of the island of Cuba, taken under the direction of the United States, 1899,
ScHEDuuE No. 2. — School SrATiancB.
Superviflor*8 district No. . District of enumeration No. .
Compiled by me on the day of , 1S99.
-, Enumerator.
1. Name of the school.
2. Situation.
3. State whether the school is supported by public, private, or religious funds.
4. State whether pupils are day or boarding pupils.
5. Number of buildings composing the school, ; seating capacity, .
6. Number of teachers: males, ; females, .
7. Number of pupils in the school during the last school year:
Color or race.
Pay papilB.
Free pupils.
Male*.
Females.
Males.
Females.
White
N^rro
Mixed
C^jr«fWA
8. Number of working days in the last school year, -
-,1899.
from-
-, 1898, to
9. Average daily attendance of pupils during the last school year, .
Tables LUIand LIV have been prepared from the facts reported on
that schedule. But it must be boiiie in mind that the school system of
Cuba, while always, according to American standards, imperfect, has
suffered, along with all other institutions, from the war, and that its
condition in 1899 was not fairly representative of its condition five or
ten years earlier.
From Table LIV it appears that 86,009 pupils were reported on
the school schedule as attending school. From Table XIX it appears
that 87,935 children were reported as having attended school at some
time during the twelvo months preceding October 16, 1899. The
diflference between these two independent sources might be due to the
fact that certain schools in existence at some time during the census
year suspended before its close, and thus the attendants upon them
appeared in one table, but not in the other. In the following table the
results from the two sources are brought together by provinces:
Province.
Habana
Matanzas
PinardelRio....
Puerto Principe .
Santa Clara
Santiago
Cuba .
Children reported as
attending school.
On popu-
lation
schedule.
80,878
14,093
8,412
4,398
20,801
14.258
87,935
On school
schedule.
27,170
16,429
8,065
8,827
21,217
14,811
85,009
Excess (+)
ordeficiencv
(— ) reported
on school
schedule.
—8,708
+ 736
- 857
-1,071
+ 916
+ 668
-2,926
Digitized by VjOOQIC
EDUOATIOK. 617
In three provinces the school children reported on the population
schedule were more numerous, and in the other three less numerous,
than those reported on the school schedule. This negatives the hypoth-
esis just stated as an explanation of the discrepancies, or at least shows
that other influences cooperated to cause the difl^erenoes. But which-
ever column ^s accepted as the more accurate the general results are
not widely diverse.
Another check upon the accuracy of the work is found by compar-
ing the number of persons occupied as teachers according to Table
XXVI with those reported as school-teachers on the school schedule.
The former reports 2,708 teachers of all sorts, the latter 2,666 school-
teachers. The other 43 might have been teachers not properly to be
classed as school-teachers. But when the comparison is made for the
separate sexes, it appears that on the occupation returns the male
teachers were more numerous by 116, but the female teachers less
numerous by 73, than on the school schedule. These results show no
greater divergence than the experience of the United States would
lead one to expect, and serve to strengthen a belief in the general care
and accuracy with which the census of Cuba was taken.
Aside from the conclusions already drawn from the tables for edu-
cation, school attendance, and literacy, the following inferences from
Tables LIII and LIV seem warranted:
1. The reported seating capacity (114,736) was over one-third greater
than the entire number of pupils (86,009).
2. The average attendance was only from two-thirds to three-fourths
of the pupils enrolled, even after due allowance is made for the omis-
sions on this point mentioned in the notes to the tables.
3. Of the schools, about one-half were public; the other half private
or religious.
4. Private and religious schools were the main form in Habana
province; public schools were the more usual type in Santa Clara. '
6. The number of school buildings in Cuba and in each province
slightly exceeded the reported nmnber of schools. Apparently, 47
school buildings were not occupied by schools.
6. Of the school-teachers, about two-fifths were male and three-
fifths female.
7. Of the pupils, about one-fourth were pay pupils and three-fourths
free pupils. But outside of Habana province only one-sixth were pay
pupils and five-sixths were free pupils, while in that province nearly
two-fifths were pay pupils and three-fifths free. The large proportion
of private schools and pay pupils in Habana is probably due in part
to the better economic condition of the capital.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
618
BEPOBT ON THE 0BK8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
8. The following table gives the proportion of each class of the pop-
ulation reported as in school:
Class of population. '^^?."™"
Pupils en-
tered.
Per cent of
pupils to
population.
White
1,062,897
284,738
270,806
14,857
61,280
9,5»7
14,029
163
. 6.82
4.09
6.18
1.08
Negro
Mixed
Chinese
Total
1,672,797
85,009
6.40
The low proportion of Chinese in school is, of course, due to the fact
that they are nearly all in adult years. A few young persons, however,
probably children of Chinese fathers and Cuban mothers, were returned
as Chinese. That the proportion of whites in school is higher than the
proportion of colored is not surprising, but it is somewhat unexpected
to find that the i-atio of school enrollment to population among those
of mixed blood is nearer to the white than to the colored ratio. In the
analysis of the tables for school attendance it was shown (p. 151) that
schools in the cities were far more adequate to the needs than in the
countiy. It may be that the mixed population are more numerous
in the cities. If so, this would be one element in explaining the higher
ratio of school enrollment among the mixed. On making, the compu-
tation from the figures in Table VI it appears that of the colored pop-
ulation outside the fourteen cities separately reported less than half
(49.7 per cent) were returned as mixed, while of the colored population
in those cities not far from three-fifths (67.1 per cent) were returned
as mixed. Conclusions from a census inquiry regarding intermixture
of blood between races must be stated with care or received with
reserve, but it seems fair to hold that either the fact, or in all events
the claim and appearance, of mixed blood is more general in Cuban
cities than in the rural districts. If so, this fact would go far toward
explaining the larger proportion of the mixed population in the public
schools.
Table lAIl,—School8,
Number
of
schools.
Kind of school.
Kind of pupils.
Capacity.
Public.
Private.
Reli-
gious.
16
6
Day.
Boaxd-
ing.
Both.
Num-
ber of
build-
ings.
Seating
capacity.
Habana
472
264
69
79
344
282
169
128
87
34
236
151
287
130
82
423
246
65
77
329
270
6
9
6*
4
43
9
4
605
272
70
'40,447
Matanzas
22.627
PinardelRlo
3,396
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
44 1 1
104 4
129 2
2 80
10 346
8 284
4,433
27,009
Santiago de Cuba
16.834
Cuba
1,510
756
726 29
1,410
24
76
1,557
114,736
Digitized by VjOOQIC
EDUOATIOK.
619
Tablb UU.—SchooU—Conihmed.
Number of
Number of pupils entered.
ATerage
attend-
ance.
teacheni.
Free.
Pay.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Habana
472
169
41
45
218
145
586
306
47
57
815
264
8,525
6,290
1,205
1,865
• 9,862
5,888
8,094
6,300
888
1,123
9.088
5,997
5,207
1,483
498
425
1,247
1,701
5,844
1,406
409
414
1,660
1,280
18,074
Matanzas
10,120
HnardelRlo
1,991
2,839
11,448
10,825
Puerto Principe
Santa Clara
Santiago de Caba
Cuba
1,090
1,575
82,620
81,440
10,506
10,448
54,298
Table LIV— Pupifo.
WHITE.
Total
pupils
entered.
Total.
Free.
Pay.
Male.
Female.
Male. 1 Female.
Habana
27,170
15,429
8,055
8,827
21,217
14,811
22,195
10, 119
2,252
2.986
14,429
9,249
6,621
4,103
853
1,154
6,126
8,749
6,274
8,788
588
1,059
5,992
8,558
4,684
1,126
418
401
1,103
1.200
4,666
Matanzaa I
1,107
Plnardel Rio
898
Puerto Principe
372
Santa Clara
1,208
742
Santiago de Cuba
Cuba
85,009
61,280
22.606
21,254
8,882
8,488
BLACK.
Total.
Free.
Pay.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Habana
2,856
2,407
436
109
2.757
1,532
941
1,109
184
72
1,355
578
930
1,066
166
22
1,182
579
205
135
44
8
41
221
280
Matanzas
77
Plnar del Rio
42
Puerto Principe
7
Santa Clara
179
Santlaflfo de Cuba
154
Cuba
9,697
4,289 1 3.965
654
789
'
MIXED.
Total.
Free.
Male.
Female.
Pay.
Male.
Female.
Habana
Matanzas
Pinardel Rio
Puerto Principe..
Ban ta Clara
Santiago de Cuba
Cuba
2,561
2,892
3C1
229
3.974
4,012
946
1,112
167
139
1,849
1,545
867
1,409
134
42
1,832
1,858
857
161
27
15
102
277
210
88
191
14,029 ,
5,758
6,142
1,190
CHINESE.
Total.
Free.
Pay.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Habana
58
11
6
8
57
18
17
2
1
23
9
12
6
Matanzas
Pinardel Rio
4
1
1
8
1
Puerto Princine
2
Santa Clara
22
11
82
2
2
Rantlaffo de Cuba
2
Cuba
158
53
66
21
18
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620 BEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CX7BA, 1899.
Besides the above there were omitted from the schedules the fol-
lowing data:
In Habana were 21 schools in which the number of pupils entered
was not given. There were 14 schools in which the seating capacity
was not stated. In these schools were entered 884 pupils.
In Matanzas were 14 schools, in which were entered 311 pupils, of
which the average attendance was not given. There were also 2
schools in which apparently no pupils were entered.
"^ In Pinar del Rio there was one school whose seating capacity was
not given and 9 in which the average attendance was omitted. These
9 schools had 608 entered pupils.
In Puerto Principe were 3 schools in which the number of entered
pupils was omitted, and 11 schools, with 255 pupils entered, whose
average attendance was not stated.
In Santa Clara the returns were very deficient. There were 96
schools, with 4,891 pupils entered, in which the average attendance
was omitted, and 2 schools in which there were no pupils entered.
In Santiago were 25 schools, with 903 entered pupils, whose average
attendance was not given.
Digitized by
Google
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX I.
WAR DEPARTMENT ORDERS ORGANIZING THE CENSUS.
War Department,
Washington^ August 19, 1899.
I. By direction of the President a census of the population, of the agricultural
products, and of the educational conditions of Cuba shall be taken on the 16th day
of October and completed by or before the 30th day of November, 1899.
II. Lieut. Col. J. P. Sanger, Inspector-General, is appointed Director of the Census,
with office in Washington. It is made his duty to superintend and direct the taking
of the census and to perform such other duties as may be required of him.
III. Mr. Victor H. Olmsted is appointed Assistant Director of the Census, with
office in the city of Santa Clara, Cuba, and is chai^ged, under the direction of the
Director of the Census, with the collection of the information required by this order
and such instructions as may be issued.
He will fill all vacancies which may occur among the supervisors of the census,
and will appoint all enumerators and such special agents as may be necessary, report-
ing his action to the Director of the Census.
IV. The following-named citizens of Cuba, nominated by the Military Governor
of Cuba, are hereby appointed supervisors of census:
1. Pedro Pequeflo, province of Pinar del Rio.
2. Manuel Rasco, province of Habana.
3. Prof. Claudio Dumas, province of Matanzas.
4. Juan Bautista Jimenez, province of Santa Clara.
5. Agustfn H. Aguero, province of Puerto Principe.
6. Sabds Meneses, province of Santiago.
Each supervisor shall be duly commissioned by the Secretary of War, and shall be
sworn to the faithful performance of his duty by the Director or the Assistant Director
of the Census, or by any civil or military officer authorized to administer oaths in
the form and manner prescribed by the Secretary of War.
V. Each supervisor of census shall be charged with the performance, within his own
province, of the following duties: To consult with the Assistant Director of the Census
in regard to the division of his province into districts most convenient for the pur-
pose of the enumeration, which district shall be declared and the boundaries thereof
fixed by the Assistant Director of the Census; to nominate to him suitable persons as
enumerators within his province, one or more for each district and resident therein;
but in case it shall occur in any enumeration district that no person qualified to per-
form and willing to undertake the duties of enumerator resides in that district the
supervisor may appoint any fit person to be the enumerator of that district; to com-
municate to enumerators the necessary instructions and directions relating to their
duties; to examine and scrutinize the returns of the enrunerators, and in event of dis-
crepancies or deficiencies appearing in the retains for his province, to use all dili-
621
Digitized by VjOOQIC
622 HBPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
gence in causing the same to be corrected and supplied; to forward to the AsBistant
Director of the Census the complete returns for his province in such time and manner
as shall be prescribed by the said officer. He will also make up and forward to the
disbursing officer of the Army designated to make payments in his province, not
later than the twenty-fifth day of each month, accounts required for ascertaining the
amount of compensation due himself, each enumerator in his province, his clerk and
messenger, his office rent and current expenses, which accounts shall be duly certi-
fied as true and correct by the supervisor; and said accounts so certified shall be
accepted by the disbursing officer so designated, and payment shall be made thereon
by draft in favor of each person to whom payment is due. The accounts of enumer-
ators will be sworn to by them and certified as true and correct by the supervisors.
The duties imposed upon the supervisors by this order shall be performed, in any
and all particulars, in accordance* with the instructions and directions of the Secretary
of War; and any supervisor who may abandon, neglect, or improperly perform the
duties required of him by this order, and the instructions he may receive, may be
removed by the Assistant Director of the Census, who will report his action to the
Director of the Census.
VI. Each enumerator shall be duly commissioned by the Secretary of War, and
shall be sworn to the faithful performance of his duty by the supervisors of the cen-
sus, or by any civil or military officer authorized to administer oaths, and in the form
and manner prescribed.
VII. Each enumerator shall be chai^ged with the collection in his district of the
facts and statistics required by the population schedule and such other schedules as
the Secretary of War may determine shall be used by him in connection with the
census. It shall be the duty of each enumerator to visit personally each dwelling
hou£e in his district and each family therein and each individual living out of a
family in any place of abode, and by inquiry made of the head of eat;h family, or
of the member thereof deemed most creditable and worthy of trust, or of such
individual living out of a family, to obtain each and every item of information and
all the particulars required by the order prescribed as of the date October 16, 1899.
And in case no person shall be found at the usual place of abode of such fomily or
individual living out of a family competent to answer the inquiries made in compli-
ance with the requirements of this order, then it shall be lawful for the enumerator
to obtain the required information, as nearly as may be practicable, from the family
or families or person or persons living nearest to such place of abode; and it shall be
the duty of each enumerator to forward the original schedules, duly certified, to the
supervisor of census of his province as his returns under the provisions of this order,
and in the event of discrepancies or deficiencies being discovered in his said returns
he shall use all diligence in correcting or supplying the same. In case the district
assigned to any enumerator embraces all or any part of any incorporated township,
village, town, or city, and also other territory not included within the limits of such
incorporated township, village, town, or city, or either, it shall be the duty of the
enumerator of such district to clearly and plainly distinguish and separate upon the
population schedules the inhabitants of all or any part of such township, village,
town, or city as may be embraced in the district assigned to such enumerator from
the inhabitants of the territory not included therein. No enumerator shall be
deemed qualified to enter upon his duties until he has received from the supervisor
of census of the province to which he belongs the commission authorizing him to
perform the duties of enumerator.
VIII. The district assigned to any enumerator shall not exceed 1,500 inhabitants
for urban and 1,000 inhabitants for suburban or rural districts, as near as may be,
according to estimates based on the preceding census or other reliable information,
and the boundaries of all subdivisions shall be clearly described by civil divisions,
rivers, roads, public surveys, or other easily distinguished lines: Provided y That
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX I. 623
enumerators may be assigned for the special enumeration of institutions, when desir-
able, without reference to the number of inmates.
IX. Any supervisor of the census may, with the approval of the Assistant Director
of the Census, remove any enumerator in his province and fill the vacancy thus
caused or otherwise occurring. Whenever it shall appear that any portion of the
enumeration and census provided for in this order has been n^ligently or improperly
taken and is by reason thereof incomplete or erroneous the Assistant Director of the
Census may cause such incomplete and unsatisfactory enumeration and census to be
amended or made anew under such methods as may, in his discretion, be practicable.
X. The Assistant Director of the Census may authorize and direct supervisors of
the census to employ interpreters to assist the enumerators of their respective dis-
tricts in the enumeration of persons not speaking the language of the country, the
compensation of such interpreters not to exceed $3 per day for each day actually
and necessarily employed.
XI. No supervisor's clerk, interpreter, special agent, or other official shall enter
upon his duties until he has taken and subscribed to the oath or affirmation prescribed
by the Secretary of War; and no supervisor, supervisor's clerk, enimierator, or sx)ecia]
agent shall be accompanied or assisted in the performance of his duties by any person
not duly appointed as an officer or employee of the Cuban Census and to whom an
oath or affirmation has not been duly administered. All appointees and employees
provided for in this order shall be appointed or employed solely with reference to
their fitness to x)erform the duties of the position to which they may be appointed,
XII. The enumeration of the population required by this order shall commence
on the 16th day of October, 1899, and be taken as of that date. And it shall be the
duty of each enumerator to complete the enumeration of his district and to prepare
the returns hereinbefore required to be made and to forward the same to the super-
visor of census of his province on or before the 30th day of November, 1899.
XIII. If any person shall receive or secure to himself any fee, reward, or compen-
sation as a consideration for ^he appointment or employment of any person as enu-
merator or clerk or other employee, or shall in any way receive or secure to himself
any part of the compensation to be paid for the service of any enumerator or clerk
or other employee, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction
thereof shall be fined not more than $1,000 or be imprisoned not more than one year,
or both.
XIV. If any supervisor, supervisor's clerk, enumerator, interpreter, special agent,
or other employee, who, having taken and subscribed the oath of office required by
this order, shall, without justifiable cause, n^lect or refuse to perform the duties
enjoined on him by this order, or shall, without the authority of the Director of the
Census, communicate to any person not authorized to receive the same any informa-
tion gained by him in the performance of his duties, he shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not exceeding $500; or, if he shall
willfully and knowingly swear or affirm falsely, he shall be deemed guilty of perjury,
and upon conviction thereof shall be imprisoned not exceeding two years and be
fined not exceeding $500; or if he shall willfully and knowingly make a false certifi-
cate or a fictitious return, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction
of either of the last-named offenses he shall be fined not exceeding $2,000 and be
imprisoned not exceeding two years.
XV. Each and every person more than 20 years of age belonging to any family
residing in any enumeration district, and in case of the absence of the heads and
other members of any such family, then any representative of such family, shall be,
and each of them hereby is, required, if thereto requested by the Assistant Director,
supervisor, or enumerator, to render a true account, to the best of his or her knowl-
edge, of every person belonging to such family in the various particulars required;
and whoever shall willfully fail or refuse to render such true account shall be guilty
Digitized by VjOOQIC
624 fiEFOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
of a mifldemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in a sum not exceeding
$100. And every president, treasurer, secretary, director, agent, or other officer of
every corporation and every establishment of productive industry, whether con-
ducted as a corporate body, limited liability company, or by private individuals,
from which answer to any of the schedules, inquiries, or statistical interrogatories
provided for by this order are herein required, who shall, if thereto requested by the
Assistant Director, supervisor, enumerator, or special agent, willfully n^lect or refuse
to give true and complete answers to any inquiries authorized by this order, or shall .
willfully give false information, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic-
tion thereof shall be fined not exceeding $3,000, to which may be added imprisonment
for a period not exceeding one year.
XVI. All fines and penalties imposed in this order shall be enforced by due legal
process in courts of the first instance, or in the supreme courts of the provinces,
according to the nature and degree of the offense; and they are hereby granted
jurisdiction for this purpose.
XVII. The Director of the Census may authorize the expenditure of necessary
sums for the traveling expenses of the officers and employees of the census and the
incidental expenses essential to the carrying out of this order as herein provided for,
and not otherwise, including the rental of the offices for the Assistant Director and
supervisors of the census, and the furnishing thereof.
XVIII. All mail matter of whatever class relative to the Cuban Census and
addressed to the Director, Assistant Director, or any supervisor or enumerator of the
census, and indorsed "Official Business, War Department, Cuban Cbusus," shall
be transported free of postage; and all telegrams relative to the Cuban Census, sent
or received by the officials aforesaid, shall be free of chaise; and if any person shall
make use of the postal and telegraph franking privileges herein granted to avoid the
payment of postage or telegraph charges on a private message, letter, package, or
other matter sent by mail or telegraph, the person so offending shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor and subject to a fine of $300.
XIX. The Director of the Census is hereby authorized to print and bind such
blanks, circulars, envelopes, and other items as may be necessary, and to tabulate,
print, publish, and distribute the results of this census.
XX. The expenses of taking the Cuban Census, including the pay and allowances
of civil officials and employees, shall be paid from the revenues of Cuba, and the
Military Governor of Cuba will nominate one of the disbursing officers of the army
in each province to act as paymaster, who shall be provided with the necessary
funds and who shall make disbursements in behalf of the Cuban Census, according
to such instructions, and under such regulations, as may be prescribed by the Secre-
tary of War. The names, rank, and stations of the officers so nominated will be
communicated to the Adjutant-Greneral of the Army by the Military Gk>venior of
Cuba, and will be announced in War Department orders.
XXI. The Military Governor of Cuba, the military and civil governors of the
provinces, and all civil and military officers and employees will render such assistance
to the Director, Assistant Director, supervisors, and enumerators of the Cuban Cen-
sus as may be necessary to enable them to carry into effect the provisions of this
order.
Elihu Root, Secretary of War,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDICES n AND III. ()25
APPENDIX II.
War Department, Washington^ Augmt 24^ 1899.
I. The following-named officers, nominated by the Military Governor of C^ba, are
appointed disbursing officers of the Cuban Census, and will be respected accordingly:
Maj. William H. Miller, Quartermaster, U. S. A., province of Matanzas.
Maj. James L. Wilson, U. S. V., province of Habana.
Capt. Charles H. Grierson, Tenth U. S. Cavalry, province of Santiago.
Capt. Charles B. Vogdes, First U. S. Infantry, province of Pinar del Rio.
Capt W. N. Blow, Fifteenth U. 8. Infantry, province of Puerto Principe.
First Lieut P. D. Lochridge, Second U. S. Cavalry, province of Santa Clara.
II. Disbursing officers will pay the compensation of the Assistant Director, super-
visors, enumerators, interpreters, clerks, and employees of the Census; the rent of
offices of Assistant Director and supervisors; the purchase or rental of office furniture;
transportation and telegraph vouchers; the expenses of travel of officers and em-
ployees as established by the Secretary of War, and such incidental expenses as may
be authorized by the Director of the Census under Paragraph XVI or of Paragraph
XVII of the orders of the President for taking the Census of Cuba.
III. In making expenditures and keeping their accounts disbursing officers will be
governed by the rules and instructions applicable to the revenues of Cuba established
by the President May 8 and promulgated by the War Department May 11, 1899:
Provided^ That the accounts of expenditures in behalf of the Cuban Census shall be
kept separate from all other accounts and forwarded in- this form to the Secretary
of War.
IV. Disbursing officers will be stationed in the capital cities of their respective
provinces, and will communicate without delay with the supervisors of census also
resident therein, and will give them such information as to preparing vouchers of
expenditures and keeping their accounts as may be necessary to the prompt settle-
ment of all indebtedness.
Elihu Root, Secretary of War,
APPENDIX lU.
War Department, Census op Cuba,
WaMngUm, D. C, January £3^ 1900,
Snt: I have the honor to report that having been appointed Assistant Director of
the Cuban Census by the honorable Secretary of War on August 17, 1899, 1 entered
upon the duties of the position on the date named and superintended the purchase,
packing, and shipment from Washington, D. C, to Cuba of necessary supplies, con-
sisting of furniture, stationery, blanks, etc., until August 27, 1899, when I started
for Cuba, accompanied by my personal staff, who served with me zealously and
efficiently throughout the entire work of taking the census.
The gentlemen who accompanied me were A. E. Conover, principal clerk; I. A.
Barnes, Spanish stenographer; and the following-named clerks: J. 6. Spalding,
D. G. Bel^ W. L. Spalding, and R. C. Lappin.
Upon arrival at Habana on August 30, 1899, temporary headquarters were imme-
diately established in the palace of the Military Governor of Cuba, and the work of
m^lring a tentative subdivision of the island into enmneration districts was at once
commenced, the six Cuban census supervisors being present and rendering such
assistance as their personal knowledge of the geography and population of their
respective provinces rendered possible.
24662 Mi
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626 BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
The entire absence of geographical and statistical data, and the imposBibility of
immediately securing the same, rendered the task of subdivision into enumeration
districts an extremely difficult one; but the work was carried forward, use being
made of such information as was at the time obtainable, and on September 14, 1899,
the preliminary or tentative subdivision was completed, the result being the creation
of 1,315 enumeration districte, divided among the six provinces of Cuba as follows:
Pinar del Rio, 143; Habana, 356; Matanzas, 201; Santa Clara, 295; Puerto Principe,
84; Santiago de Cuba, 236.
Upon the completion of the tentative subdivision of each province, the supervisor
therefor at once repaired to the capital city thereof, where his headquartere were
established, and, acting under detailed and definite instructions, carried forward the
preparatory work of the census.
The temporary office at Habana was closed September 14, 1899, and permanent
headquarters were established on the following day at Santa Clara, the capital city
of the province of Santa Clara.
From there, supplies for taking the Census were sent to each supervisor, packed,
wrapped, and labeled in such a way as to enable him immediately to distribute them
to enumerators. By the 16th of October this work had been completed, the enumera-
tors had been appointed and qualified, and each one had received the necessary
blanks, materials, and instructions, so that on the date mentioned the work of enu-
meration was commenced throughout the entire island, except in a very few cases in
which short delays were unavoidable.
In many cases as the work of the Census progressed it was found necessary to
create new enumeration districts by subdividing such of those already created as
were foimd to contain so large a population or to cover so great an extent of territory
as to disable a single enumerator from completing His- work within the required
period, which expired on November 30, 1899. In a few instances, also, it was found
necessary to consolidate certain districts because of population or geographical con-
ditions. From time to time during the progress of the enumeration these changes
were effected, with the result that on November 30, 1899, on which date the field
work was completed, there were 1,607 enumeration districts, an increase of 292 over
the number originally created prior to the commencement of the enumeration.
These districts were divided among the six provinces of Cuba as follows: Pinar del
Rio, 160; Havana, 366; Matanzas, 239; Santa Clara, 374; Puerto Principe, 135; San-
tiago de Cuba, 333.
The enumeration of a considerable number of these districts was finished before
November 1. Every day during the month witnessed the conclusion of the labore
of many of the enumerators, and by the close of the month a lai^ majority
had finished. Had proper geographical and statistical information been obtainable
prior to the commencement of the field work, such a subdivision of the island into
districts could have been made as would have enabled the entire work of enumer»>
tion to be easily completed within thirty days from its beginning. But within the
time prescribed by the orders of the President it was entirely completed, and so well
and so thoroughly as to reflect great credit both upon the enumerators and upon the
supervisors under whose direction they were employed.
The returns of the Cuban Census are fully and accurately made in a legible and
intelligent manner, and compare favorably with those of any American Census,
National or State.
As rapidly as the enumerators delivered their work to their respective supervisors,
it was scrutinized by the latter for the purpose of correcting errors or supplying omis-
sions. The work was then forwarded by the supervisors to me at Santa Clara, where
it was packed in ironbound cases for shipment to Washington.
On January 7, 1900, the complete returns of the Census, together with myself, the
supervisors, and the employees who accompanied me to Cuba, were taken on board
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APPENDIX IV. 627
the U. S. transport McPhersoftt at CienfuegCMSi Cuba, en route for Washington, and on
January 15 the Census personnel and property reached their destination.
There were 142 women employed as enumerators in the Cuban Census, mostly in
the provinces of Habana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara, and, without exception, they
demonstrated the fact that Cuban women are as capable and reliable as the men.
They all took great pride in their employment, and displayed a degree of skill and
enthusiasm that was highly commendable.
The success of the census, while primarily due to the industry and intelligence of
the persons employed in taking it, has been largely promoted by the careful manner
in which it was organized, the interest manifested in it by the people of Cuba, and
their cordial cooperation and support from the beginning to the end.
Very respectfully,
Victor H. Olmsted,
AstiMarU Director Cuban Census.
Ldeut Col. J. P. Sanger,
Inspector- General f Director of Cuban Census, WaahingUm, D. C.
APPENDIX IV.
Census op Cuba, Oppicb of the Supervisob,
Habana Province^ December SI, 1899,
Sir: Upon the conclusion of the labors of the census of this province intrusted to
me by the honorable Secretary of War of the United States, I take pleasure in com-
plying with your request for a brief and concise report on said work, as well as a
statement of all that I have observed during the period thereof.
Believing that previous censuses had only served as a basis for increased taxation
and new imposts, thus arousing as a natural consequence the passive resistance of the
people and the consequent concealment of facts, I feared that I would encounter
insurmountable difficulties in taking the census, but my fears disappeared in time,
and I soon could see that the work undertaken would be crowned with success, as
was the case.
The prejudices of the people, from a political standpoint, with regard to the census
were also great, but in a short time they were convinced of their error when the
supervisor repeated to them the statements made by the Federal authorities at
Washington and communicated to them the impressions brought from there. As a
natural consequence there was a reaction, and with it came the unconditional sup-
port of the entire press and the decided cooperation of the people, who now saw in
the census nothing .but a fundamental basis for the establishment in Cuba of the
government which President McKinley intends to establish for the good of all.
Upon my arrival at Habana, and in order to gain time and have this work in an
advanced form when called upon, I devoted myself to securing the maps and data I
required for the purpose. I was disappointed to find that neither the military
authorities nor the civil authorities of Habana could give me any maps or data what-
soever, except a map of the department of Habana, which was of no use at all to me,
and a memorandum of the judicial districts of the city of Habana, with the respective
wards and inhabitants, according to the last Spanish census of 1897. I was also able
to secure from an employee of the department of state and of the interior an appendix
to a work which it was publishing and which contained the civil division of this
province; that is, the judicial and municipal districts, with their respective wards
(barrios).
But as the said appendix did not give the names and number of the wards com-
posing the six judicial districts of the city of Habana, nor their limits, I was obliged
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628 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
to roqueet thiB information of the audiencia and of the supreme court, but was unsuc-
cessful, as these two bodies could only give me the names of the wards and of por-
tions of others which composed each judicial district, without giving me the bounds
of said portions of wards. This rendered the work incomplete, and I was obliged to
recommend to every enumerator that in enumerating his respective district he should
ask the judge of first instance to what judicial district it belonged, in order thus to
enter it properly in the schedules.
As it was not possible for me, with the few data at my command, to do anything
practical, * * ♦ I wrote to all the mayors in the province, requesting them to
send me such maps of their respective municipal districts as they might have,
informing me at the same time of the towns and wards which composed them,
stating the number of inhabitants, in their opinion, in order to facilitate the work of
subdivision. Said mayors gladly furnished me the data requested. The maps I
could not make use of, but I did make use of the other data, which were of service
for the subdivision of the province into enumeration districts.
With these data in my possession, which were all I could obtain, I devoted myself
to dividing the city of Habana into enumeration districts, the limits of which were
fixed and marked on the map I had for the purpose, always considering so far as
possible the instructions to the effect that the city districts should not exceed 1,500
inhabitants. Habana never having been divided in this manner, there was no basis
for an exact subdivision, and there being a great disparity between the number of
inhabitants m each block, there was a difference between the districts, as you may
have observed. For the districts in the suburbs, where there are no streets which
can serve as limits, the subdivision was made* by taking as a basis the probable num-
ber of inhabitants, giving to each enumerator a small plan of Habana, on which his
district was marked with red ink, in order to avoid confusion.
For the subdivision of the municipal districts of the province I took the data given
me by the respective mayors as a basis, making said subdivision in relation to the
number of wards and inhabitants, and in the absence of maps I took care that the
enumeration districts should always embrace entire wards, whose limits were known,
being able in some towns to do something similar to what I -did in the city of
Habana. ♦ * ♦
In view of the short time remaining in which to begin the census, and considering
what we still had to do and the large number of enumerators to instruct, I requested
and obtained authority to appoint one instructing enumerator for every municipal
district, who was to be instructed by me, and who in turn was to instruct the other
enumerators.
« « » « « « «
In order to secure better results in the enumeration, I decided to go over the
province in order to correct the division into districts and to appoint enumerators,
selecting persons who should be not only intelligent but should also be acquainted
with their respective districts.
As the time at my disposal was short and it was impossible for me to go over the
entire ground in person, I sent my secretary to visit a portion thereof, and do what
was proper.
The province, as you will recollect, was divided into 357 enumeration districts,
two special districts having been created in Habana, one for the prison and peni-
tentiary and another for the convents and religious associations, a woman being
appointed for the latter.
As a consequence of our visit to the province, 9 districts were abolished and 18 new
ones were created, making a total of 366, according to the new corrected pamphlet I
had the honor to send you.
In order that the enimieratore should not forget the limits of their respective dis-
trict4», nor the data required by the population schedules, I ordered some slips printed
which contained all this and which were delivered to each of them.
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APPENDIX IV. 629
For a better arrangement of the work of the enumerators, and iij order that the
latter should not take more time than necessary, I ordered daily reports, which were
to be forwarded to the office, giving the work done that day.
In explanation of instructions from Washington for the enumerators and to facili-
tate their work I ordered some additional instructions printed, a copy of which I
had the pleasure of forwarding to you.
In making the appointments of the enumerators I acted in accordance with the
instructions I had for the purpose, and, recollecting what had been said with regard
to the work of women in the last census of that coimtry, I appointed 19 in this prov-
ince, who gave satisfactory results. ♦ ,♦ *
Fearing that some of the enumerators had not'thoroughly understood the instruc-
tions given them and at the end of their enimieration the work would be deficient,
and wishing to avoid this, I issued orders for them to forward to my office for exam-
ination the work of the first two days, without interrupting the enumeration, so that
I might retain in their positions those who had done the work well or had committed
small* errors only, easily corrected, and dischaige without any remuneration whatso-
ever those who had shown complete ignorance of the instructions. Fortimately only
a few were discharged for this reason.
The enumeration went on without drawbacks. The enmnerators, animated by
the best wishes for good results, surmounted the small difficulties they encountered
in the discharge of their duties.
I was informed that in some islets south of the province of Habana, inhabited
before the war, there were some inhabitants. For the enumeration of these individ-
uals I appointed an enumerator and hired a schooner. Making use of the same
boat, the islands of Jardines and Jardinillos, belonging to the province of Santa
Clara, were enumerated.
For the enumeration of the foreign establishments in this province I was obliged
to make use of six interpreters only for twenty-one days.
In the enumeration of the convents some slight difficulty was encountered by
reason of the refusal of the superiors to permit the enumerators to enter and take the
data from each of the inmates. Being desirous that the census should not leave any-
thing but agreeable recollections, I obtained from the bishop of Habana an order
authorizing my enumerator, a woman, to enter the convents and take the ciNnl names
of their inmates and other necessary data, which was done.
All the other elements of the population gladly assisted in the enumeration. Only
the Chinese gave a little trouble by reason of their passive resistance in saying that
"they did not know,*' but with some difficulty, there being no Chinese interpreter,
all were enumerated. ♦ * ♦
On November 27 the enumeration of the entire province was concluded, with the
exception of district No. 324, to the south of the swamp of the Isle of Pines, which
was concluded on the 29th.
In order that no one should remain in my province without being enumerated, I
published in the newspapers of this city a request that all persons who may not have
been enumerated on account of absence or for any other reason, should advise me
thereof in order that I could send and have them recorded, although I was con-
vinced that all the enumerators had done their duty. For this purpose I created a
district which I called "Additional,'* indicating in retl ink at the right maigin of the
schedules the district of enumeration to which each entry referred, in order that in
tabulating in Washington they could be placed with the districts to which they
belonged.
For this additional district I appointed an enumerator who had already served in
the census.
I must here mention that knowing that education would be an important factor
for the destiny of this country, in instructing the enumerators I informed them that
they should submit to a practical proof all persons who said they knew how to read
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630 BEPOBT ON THE OEITSUS OF CUBA, 1809.
and write, calling their attention to the fact that if a man knew how to write his
name it was not sufficient proof that he knew how to write, because there are many
persons who can only write their names.
However, on receiving your telegram on this 'subject I again reminded the enu-
merators of what I had previously told them. * « «
As the Director of the Census, when in this city, desired to verify some cases of
individuals who appeared in the census as knowing how to read and write, and in
order to be able to contradict any statement that might be made to the contrary on
this point, I selected 25 or 30 cases in the different districts of this city and intrusted
the verification to an enumerator having my confidence, whom I afterwards employed
in the additional district The verification agreed in all points with the enumeration
previously effected.
As the work arrived in my office it was examined, the small errors being cor-
rected, and then forwarded to the assistant director.
Before beginning the enumeration in this province, and taking into consideration
the number of persons enumerated daily in the United States during the last census,
I fixed for the enumerators of the city of Habana as well as of other cities a task of
one hundred entries, more or lees, being required to state the reason for not making
more than seventy, in order that they should not use more time than necessary, as
on the other hand they would get credit for three days of enumeration for two of
work.
This measure was not applied to the rural wards, by reason of the distances it is
necessary to cover between each plantation and on account of the condition of the
roads. But in any case they had to give the cause when the day's work was less
than usual. . * * *
Tn compliance with your instructions, I kept sending to the Assistant Director at
Santa Clara the work of enumeration after it was corrected and examined, which I
concluded doing on December 23.
As I said before, it would not have been possible for me, with only my secretary
and messenger, properly to attend to all the work which the labor required should
it not have been, I repeat, for the spontaneous cooperation of many .enumerators who
worked in my office without any remuneration whatsoever, and to the fact that my
secretary and myself dedicated to the census many days taken from our rest
I am perfectly satisfied with my enumerators and their work; all of them worked
with real zeal and enthusiasm to have the work a success and to enjoy the satisfaction
of having contributed with their grain of sand to raising the monument which is to
serve as a basis for the future destiny of our country.
The enumerators in the country, besides having to encounter, as all those of the
towns, the small natural difficulties in this kind of work, were inconvenienced with
the scarcity of horses in the country, some of them being obliged to hire them at $2
to $2.50 per day. Fortunately, the rainy season this year was not so abundant as it
generally was, thus making the journeys of the enumerators less difficult
I say the same with regard to the female enumerators, who relatively did the work
better than the men, because it is to be taken into consideration that the Spanish
Government never having wished to give to the Cuban woman any participation what-
soever in public positions, although they were sufficiently intelligent and instructed
therefor, as they have proven in this case, they found themselves, as was natural,
in fear of not being able to perform their duty well, because this work was com-
pletely different from the duties which up to this time they had been engaged in.
In the census they have proven that they are capable of any office proper for their
sex. I hope, as the Director of the Census told them, that this will serve as an
encouragement for making use of their services in other offices.
In the formation of the census of this province I also carefully studied the admin-
istrative part in order to make it as economical as jKMBsible. My attempts have been
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APPEmoix V. 631
crowned with success, because, according to the information furnished by the pay-
master of this province, which agrees with my accounts, only about $36,000 have
been spent altogether, which I understand is one-third of what was estimated.
My relations with said paymaster, Maj. James E. Wilson, have been very agree-
able, as he did all that he could to prevent delay in the payments and trouble for
the enumerators in the collection of their accounts.
Special mention must be made of the fact that the newspapers of this city, prin-
cipally La Lucha, X^ Discusion, and El Diario gladly, without charge, published all
the instructions to the enumerators which it was necessary to publish before and
during the time of the enumeration, and that they also dispelled any doubts that the
people might have with regard to the census, thus contributing to a better success of
the work.
Before concluding I wish to state, although it may injure the modesty of the
Assistant Director of the Census, that the success of taking the census is due in great
part to the great knowledge possessed by him, to his activity in the dischai^ge of his
duties as Assistant Director, and to the precision and clearness with which he always
answered the doubts and consultations submitted to him during the course of the
work.
Yours, etc., Manuel Rasco,
Supervisor of the Cenms in the Province ofHabana.
The DraBCTOR of the Census op Cuba,
Washington, D. C.
(Through the Assistant Dire<'tor.)
APPENDIX V.
Census op Cuba, Office of the Supervisor,
MatanzaSy Cuba, December mO, 1899,
Sir: It is a difficult task for me to comply with superior orders in the midgt of the
complicated and varied works of the census and faithfully remember the many
details of the work which was so kindly placed in my hands and which I have so
im worthily concluded; difficult also by reason of the absence of intellectual gifts,
which I have always been obliged to supply with the intention and especially with
the activity and the wish to succeed.
From the time we were given our orders in Washington I understood that I had
the good fortune of receiving the easiest gf the provinces; that having the most
ample means of communication, the success depended on the personnel that I should
select. Thus it was that I w^ent over names and names in my mind for the selection
of a secretary ad hoc, who should be diligent, acquainted with office work, very
prudent, and who should, together with, a clear intelligence, combine the honesty
and the enthusiasm necessary properly to direct the work of the office. I analyzed
and rejected man after man until, upon the recommendation of an illustrious Cuban
residing in Washington, whose name alone is a '*gem of glory,'* caused me to decide
in favor of Mr. Tomas Cordona, with whom I was not acquainted, and whose merits
were so opportunely expounded to me.
The results obtained, with the cooperation of so methodical, intelligent, and honest
an employee, have surpassed all expectations.
Later came the study of maps and plans, the calculation of the population, the
examination of the last census, the examination of the rural wealth, and finally the
election of the personnel of the enumerators and the division of the province into
enumeration districts upon the basis of the last deficient census and the few and
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632 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
very inexact plans of the province. This delicate work, which required a xninate
study and an exact calculation, had to be done in a very short period and therefore
contained defects which later, when put into practice, were noticeable. The distri-
bution of enumerators having been made on the basifl of one enumerator for every
1,000 inhabitants in the rural districts and 1,500 in the urban districts, as shown by
the last census, was found to be erroneous, owing to the mortality caused by the war
and reconcentration. Districts which before the war contained the said number were
found to contain not more than 400, and other districts which were considered as
not having many inhabitants were found to have many more than the number set
But there was another phenomenon which was not taken into consideration and
which was the cause of error in the distribution. In the same locality there had
been a transfusion of inhabitants, the density of the population passing from one
point to another. Very densely populated wards, which were considered centers of
population, are deserted, and in others the towns have increased in population to
such an extent that in order to conclude their enumeration within the period fixed
it was necessary to assign two assistants to them. The same change has taken place
in the rural districts. The enumerators were surprised to find many residents in
forests which were previously unpopulated or in valleys formerly imcoltivated.
» ♦ »
Afterwards came tiresome days, the recollection of which saddens the spirit.
Lines of applicants, an endless string of candidatefi for the positions of enumerators,
of all classes, all abilities, with recommendations from prominent persons and dose
friends, invading the residence of the supervisor without suspense, without letting
him rest, with endless supplications; men and women wishing to work, seeking
through honest work the manner of supplying their necessities. » * * Only
those who have been in similar situations can judge of the amount and character of
the sufferings. After the list had been made of those who were to serve in the city, .
it was necessary to go to other municipal districts in order better to make the
appointment of the enumerators. I therefore determined to visit the province and
to collept in each municipality the plans, topographical divisions, and the limits of
every district and ward.
Some day» before I had forwarded a circular to the mayors, requesting them to
furnish me said information, which, however, was deficient.
I left this city at 6 o'clock a. m. on the 12th of September for La Cidra, a town in
the municipality of Santa Ana. I was received by the mayor and some aldermen
who had the plans of the district and of the town with their limits and the names of
the persons who, in their opinion, should be the enumerators Af those districts. *
* * We left Cidra for Sabanilla, which is the seat of the municipality. I there
made and modified the plan of the district and obtained a very good copy from a
resident, which he presented to me.
The mayor and some of the aldermen of the municipality indicated the persons
who should make the enumeration of the districts. I selected a young lady, Etel-
vina Sanchez, the daughter of a teacher and herself a teacher, to instruct the
other enumerators, being very intelligent and active.
At every station at which I stopped I telegraphed to the mayor of the next one,
requesting him to meet me, together with persons well acquainted with the locality.
This facilitated my work and at the same time gave me an opportunity to address
them with a view to exciting their favorable interest in the census, without taking
into consideration the important data I received from the old residents of each
locality.
In the town of Cabezas I made the plan of the district. I divided it into wards,
calculated the population, and received very valuable information.
From there, through the kindness of the manager of the railroad, I proceeded to
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APPENDIX V. 633
Union. The mayor, the secretary, the director of the public school, and others'met
me. On the 13th I left this town for Alacranes.
The distance between the two towns is short, and my stay in Alacranes was pleas-
ant and beneficial. The limits of the district and of the wards I obtained with
sufficient exactness and wealth of details. On my return to Union I stopped at
Bolondron. In a short time, thanks to the kindness of all the persons around me,
I accomplished my desires and the end of my visit. Four young ladies were
appointed enumerators. At 12 o'clock I arrived at Macurijes, and at 1 1 returned
to Navajas, from which town there is a branch running through a sugar region of
much importance, with its terminus at Jaguey. I passed the night in the latter
town. The selection of an enumerator to take charge of the northern portion of the
Zapata swamp was troubling me very much, by reason of the difficulties and dangers
attending the undertaking and by the fear that the enumeration would be unsuccess-
ful, but the kind mayor of that district, Mr. Galvez, furnished me an athlete, the
man I required. Sixto Agramonte, well acquainted with those places, offered to
minutely register the islets of solid land existing there and to enumerate the persons
living in the same. The rest of the enumerators were indicated to me, and with a
memorandum of the same and of the limits of the wards, the plan of the district and
that of the city, I proceeded on the 14th instant to Cuevitas.
Here, as was the case in Jaguey, I found the work prepared, receiving a plan which
I owe to the kindness of the teacher of that town, Mr. Gabriel Faget, and a laige
amount of important data relating to the district and its limits. With this informa-
tion and with a memorandum of the enumerators, I returned to Matanzas, in order
to continue my work the next day in another direction and on a different subject.
The first municipality which I visited was that of Guamacaro, the seat of which is
Limonar. Mr. Grave de Peralta is the mayor of this town. I have nothing but
gratitude for his efforts to comply with my wishes. I there appointed a young lady,
who applied to enumerate the rural ward of Coliseo, and who, without fearing the
work or difficulties, promised to visit the estates situated in said district The name
of this young lady is Antonia de Leon. She is the teacher of that ward, and com-
bines with a clear intellect an agreeable natvire and great firmness. The result
obtained proves that my hopes were not vain. Miss Leon, going through oceans of
weeds which here covered the roads, over ground covered with brambles, fording
rivers, and during rain storms, has not omitted to visit one single piece of ground
nor to enumerate one single resident.
On the 16th I visited the town of Jovellanos. A select body of residents was
awaiting me in the town hall. I conversed several hours with them on the impor-
tance of the census and on its transcendency. In the morning of the following day
the secretary of the municipal coimcil, in the name of the municipal mayor and
some respectable residents, made the selection of the enumerators,- and with few
agreeable impressions I continued to Carlos Rojas, formerly called Cimarrones. My
stay here was short by reason of the combination of trains, but of advantage on
account of the data I collected. On the same day I proceded to Cardenas. My first
visit was to the learned physician who fills the office of mayor. With the kindness
that characterizes him he introduced me to practical persons, well acquainted with
the locality, who gave me the dividing lines of the wards and of the district To
their good judgment do I owe the brilliant corps of enumerators who have worked
so competently as well as actively. He also indicated to me the enumerators to visit
the islets near the northern coast of the province of Matanzas, as well as some situ-
ated farther out.
In order to finish my trip sooner, I requested and obtained from the n^anager of
the railroad of Cardenas and Jucaro an express train to take me over all its lines, and
thus in a short time visit the municipalities remaining. In this manner I visited the
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684 BEFOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
towns of Hato Naevo, Recreo, and San Joee, where I passed the ni^t, prooeeding
the next day to Macagua and Colon for the oune purpose; that is, the coirectioD of
plans, the making of others, the bounding of the wards, and the appointment of
enumeratora.
Colon being a town with quite a laige population, of some culture, required a vi^ot
of greater length. The most prominent people met me and were my guides in the
determination of the limits of the wards.
On the following day, the 18th, I touched at Manguito (the seat of the municipal-
ity of PalmiUas), £1 Roque, and El Perico, where I spent the night, returning to
Matanzas on the afternoon of the 19th. The 201 enumerators of the province were
thus appointed, after being examined as to their handwriting and references which
they submitted as to their fitness. The Cuban woman occupied an honorable place
among them. Fifty-four were selected, distributed in the following manner: Two in
Guamaxaro, 17 in Matanzas, 8 in Cardenas, 2 in Carlos Rojas, 1 in Guamitas, 2 in
Jovellanos, 2 in Alacranes, 4 in Bolondron, 1 in Cabezas, 2 in Union, 1 in Sabanilla,
2 in Colon, 1 in Cuevitas, 2 in Macuriges, 2 in Palmillas, 1 in Perico, 1 in El Roqae,
and 3 in San Joee de los Ramos. The Cuban woman, a model in her home, who, as
a wife, daughter, and mother, exceeds all women in virtue, is not accustomed to
public offices and had never been obliged to battle for existence, excepting in hand
work, sewing, and in work which was connected with her family. But she has
shown herself in this province as pure, industrious, and intelligent, incapable of any
falsehood, or of any ignoble action, and has fulfilled her duty and followed the
instructions exactly and with greater faithfulness than the men. Lacking confi-
dence in her qualifications, she exceeded the work and study required, preferring to
sacrifice herself to truth, honor, and justice. I have seen her after a rainy day, after
having worked eight or ten hours, come to this office and apologize for not having enu-
merated more than 80 persons, fearing a reprimand or punishment At other times
she has come trembling to request an opinion on a matter of conscience which
troubled her. One active, intelligent, and industrious little girl was very disconso-
late because she had not enumerated a small colored child she had not seen in her
visit to a residence and which had been involuntarily omitted in the statement of a
family, and of whom she had been informed in another house. On the other hand,
what obedience to the orders of the chief who is exacting in his demands, how minute
in the details, and how attentive and discreet! If one became discouraged, a word
of praise was sufficient for her to return, faithfully to collect the data. With what
goodness and sweetness they bore harsh answers, or unpleasant words, without mak-
ing use of violent means.
While the census was being taken, the military authorities ordered the destruction
of the Indian huts around the town as a hygienic measure. I feared that the families
who were living in them would distribute themselves around the town and that many
would not be enumerated. I immediately applied to Captain (Major) Cartwright
and was fortunate in obtaining an extension of two days in which to conclude the
enumeration. I ordered the female enumerators to abandon work in the center of
their districts and devote themselves to recording all the persons who were about to
move. And although it was blowing from the north, the rainstorms frequent, and
the huts were situated at a distance and among the most inaccessible hills surround-
ing the city, nothing was considered an obstacle — ^nothing detained them. The work
was concluded in one day and a half, and they came to inform me with a smile on
their lips, and with the greatest satisfaction, that they had complied with my orders.
And what I have said about the young ladies of Matanzas I wish to say of all the
female enumerators of the province, without excepting anyone, because all of them
have fulfilled my wishes. They devoted all their efforts and faculties to the work,
and they have my greatest gratitude.
I must state to the honor of all, that I have received moral and material support
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APPENDIX V. 635
from each and every authority, Ouhan as well as American, commencing with the cul-
tured and talented General Wilson, to whom I owe so many undeserved attentions I
shall never he ahle to thank him for, and the intellig^it Gen. Pedro £. Betancourt,
civil governor, down to the mayors and the last employees of the administration.
They have all complied with my wishes and would have satisfied the most exacting
ones. All have demonstrated their wishes for the census and all of them have made
the work intrusted to me easy and simple.
« « « « « « «
The latter half of the month of September was devoted to the preparation of the
instructors or chiefe of the districts. There were twenty-two of them, to whom I
devoted three to four hours of instruction daily, explaining to them not only the
schedules, but the importance of their duties and the manner of effecting the direc-
tion of the enumerators whom they were to have under their direction and instruc-
tion. I selected three young ladies among them, of whom I shall speak later on.
All of them attended and demonstrated the greatest desire to acquire the indispen-
sable knowledge. The method I pursued from the banning was to require them to
fill schedules 1, 2, and 3 with the most difficult cases, with institutions, agricultural
schedules in towns, in abandoned estates, in estates the ownership of which was
doubtful, in private and public schools, with the most minute details, in order that
the instruction they were to give should be as exact as possible. I devoted the time
from the 1st to the 15th of October to the enumerators. I formed three groups —
that of the morning from 7 to 10 for the ladies; from 2 to 4.30 for the older men, and
the evening for the younger men. It is a fact that during this time I did not have
to reproach anyone. The desire of emulation which I awoke in all produced notable
results. For many days it amused me to hear the discussions they brought up
among themselves, submitting the most varied and difficult cases for solution. The
personnel selected was «o good that I understood that to them and to them only
would the success of the census be due if success were attained.
The short time remaining of the day I devoted to the transmission and preparation
of the plans and maps. I owe thanks to the corps of American engineers, who gladly
furnished me the blue prints and copies within the shortest period possible and with
the greatest correctness. In this manner within a few days I was able to indicate
the districts in colors in the cities, divide the districts, indicate those of the province,
and number them all. It was my wish, which I obtained, that every enumerator
should have a detailed plan of his district, with a statement of the limits, and a copy,
which I had already obtained of the municipalities, of the estates situated within
said districts. In this manner the work was- facilitated greatly, and with a little good
will an exact enumeration could be obtained.
On the 14th of October I issued an order that all the enumerators should be at the
posts and that the instructors should communicate their instructions to two or more
substitutes, providing for any case of illness or death, so that the census should not
be disturbed. This measure was very good, because in many cases it was necessary
to apply to the substitutes by reason of resignations, illness, or other accidents. On
October 16, the date fixed in the promulgation of the President, the work was begun
in the entire province, the instructors informing me that night that the enumeration
had begun without any occurrence of importance. In order to give method and
order to the enumeration, I requested that the instructors send me every five days,
by telegraph, a r^sum^ of the work of the enumerators, in houses, inhabitants,
estates, and animals; the details being forwarded to me by mail. This system
allowed me to keep the Assistant Director posted as to the progress of the census,
informing him every five days of the work done. It is not strange, nor did it affect
the organization or structure of the work, that some districts arrived late and were
not included in the rSsum^, because being at a distance from the centers of communi-
cation, the information could not be forwarded on a fixed day to the instructor. This
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IB what happened with district No. 96 of the islets, and No. 19 of Palmillas, and
others. It was also the duty of every enumerator to forward the schedules in
this period in order to collect them in this office and avoid losses, deterioraticms, or
accidents. ♦ ♦ ♦
The prevalence of a cyclone at that time troubled me, because it interfered with
the enumeration, preventing work in some localities by reason of the rising of rivefs,
and interrupting it in the urban districts in such manner that it was not poseible to
get more than 25 to 30 names per day. Fortunately this accident was of short
duration and the census was enabled to continue its normal progress. But the
necessity for the waterproof portfolios became evident They had not arrived from the
United States and the enumerators were clamoring for them incessantly. These did
not arrive until the 26th of October, being distributed to the enumerators the two
following.
I take pleasure in stating that all the instructors showed a competency and fitness
not very common and more than the necessary activity, fulfilling the instructions
contained in the different circulars that I sent them. The personnel also obeyed
instructions, and without any obstacle whatsover they complied with all the orders
which I or the office of the Assistant Director issued. But special mention is
deserved by Miss Maria Nunez, of Cardenas, who, having 20 enumerators under her
orders, was a model of zeal, expertness, intelligence, and activity. It affords me pride
to mention the four Cuban young ladies who as instructors have given me the high
opinion I have of the value of the Cuban woman. The said Miss Nunez, as well as
Misses Etelvina Sanchez, Rorrario Rodriguez, and Rosa Ybarra, never had to be
reminded of their duties. I had sent several circulars to the instructors, all of which
had been zealously and discreetly complied with.
The circular of October 9, 1899, ia as follows:
"Matanzas, October 9, IS99.
**To the Instructor Enumbrator.
"Dear Sir: I beg of you to take the following remarks into consideration:
"1. You must every three days give me an account of the enumerators and sub-
stitutes who are working and those who do not do so on account of negligence.
^ * 2. You must see that the enumerators fill blanks of each class before you and under
your direction, suspending one from the census to enumerate an institution and
return him to the census with the proper number.
**3. Inform them that every ^ye days they must give an account of the enumera-
tion of persons and estates, and every eight to ten days forward the schedules.
**4. That in all their acts they observe the exactness, politeness, an<l prudence
which has been recommended.
"5. That each one get information in his district of the mines existing in the same
(well defined), their location, owner, kind of mineral, and its analysis, if possible.
"6. You must prepare two substitute enumerators for cases of death, sickness, or
resignations, in order that the work be not interrupted in any case.
" 7. Arrange two sessions per day, from 7 to 9 in the morning and from 7 to 9 in
the evening, for preparation and instruction.''
The object of the second circular was to compare the data of each of the instructors
with the daily reports of the enumerators, in order to make the payments for October.
It was as follows:
** In order to prepare the lists which are to be presented for the payment of enn-
merators, you will please keep an account current with each enumerator, including
yourself, in which shall be stated the full days of work, the days lost, the reasons
therefor, and also stating the hours lost through negligence or similar reascMi, for the
purpose of deducting the time lost from the salary. All of the above you will certify
to. You will mail said data on the Slst instant, upon the conclusion of the work.
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APPENDIX V. 637
"At the same time I recommend to you to forward, as ordered, the work done,
carefully rolled in tubes or placed in pasteboard boxes, in order that they may not
be damaged. You may make use of the outside of the official envelopes I sent you
for the wrapper of the boxes or tubes, duly registered, and taking a receipt for the
same."
The paymaster having consented to a trip through the province for the payment
of the enumerators, I applied to the two railroad companies of Matanzas and Carde-
nas, requesting to be furnished with an express train, permitting us to do the work
in the shortest possible time.^ But there was another advantage in this trip; the
labor of the enumerators was verified by the rolls, and the trip through all the dis-
tricts enabled me to collect the rolls in boxes prepared for the purpose, arriving at
this city without being damaged at all.
Fearing that some of the large districts would not be concluded at the proper time,
I saw myself obliged to send the following order to the instructors:
"Novembers, 1899.
"The law issued for the taking of the census of Cuba requiring that said census
be concluded the 30th of November, without delay nor pretext of any kind, I espe-
cially request you to inquire of the enumerators of those districts whether they will
be able to conclude the enumeration of the same before the said date, in order to
name all the assistants necessary in a contrary case.
"I recommend to you also that you request the enumerators, upon the conclusion
of the enumeration of their districts, that they go over it lightly again for the pur-
pose of assuring themselves that no estate, house, or person has escaped enumeration."
The result was the creation of 37 new districts, which were filled by enumerators
who had concluded the enumeration of their own districts.
On the 28th I received a telegram from the last enumerator of the province, who
worked to that day, Aurelio Andreu, of the ward of Calimete with 3,300 inhabitants
and almost 300 estates. In the afternoon of the same day I was able to communicate
to the Assistant Director that the work of taking the census in my province had
concluded.
During the following days — that is, during th^first ten days of December — the time
was devoted to the examination, revision, and arrangement of the schedules, and to
the pajrment of the salaries of the enumerators, as they were declared correct by me.
In this labor I was disinterestedly and enthusiastically assisted by the instructor of
Cardenas, Miss Maria Nunez, a model of intelligence and activity; Asuncion Garcia,
enumerator of Limonar; Maria Josefa Herrera, of Matanzas; Clarissa Koig, of Union;
the instructor of Colon, Julian Romero, appointed assistant with the daily salary of
$3; Eduardo Garcia, Jose Sanchez Guiros, and others. All have sacrificed themselves
with the greatest kindness in order to please me.
On the 15th I forwarded the first box of schedules to Santa Clara, and day by day
I have continued sending all the work, imtil the conclusion of my mission.
Before concluding I must make mention of two enumerators who, on account of
the daring work done and the difficulties encountered, are worthy of recollection:
Francisco Mari, the enumerator of the islets, and Six to Agramonte, of the swamp.
The former, a cultured and educated young man, has condensed the incidents of his
voyages in a small report. I do not wish to take the merit of his description, for
which reason I attach it hereto.
The diary of Sixto Agramonte is so interesting that it also forms part of this report.
Therein will be seen the efforts made for patriotism only. And I say for patriotism,
*This request was granted by Sefior Manuel Diaz, general manager of the Railroad
of Matanzas, and by Sefior Antonio Yribe, general manager of the Cardenas and
Jucaro Railroad,
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638 BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, J899.
because the salary of $5 per day does not cover the expenses he has incurred to ful-
fill his duty.
It only remains for me to request every person reading or hearing this report, that
what there is or is found to be good in the work of taking the census be credited, in
the first place, to the excellent personnel engaged thereon, and in the second to the
splendid management of the Assistant Director.
Fearing that many persons would remain without being enumerated, notwith-
standing the additional schedule made by the enumerators after concluding their
districts, I had the following notice published in the newspapers of this dty and of
Cardenaa:
** As the date is. approaching on which the census of this province must be con-
cluded, and as the case may have occurred that some residents thereof have not been
enumerated, by reason of change of domicile or other circumstance of a similar char-
acter, within the period fixed for the enumeration, this means is taken to request all
those who have not been included in the census to come to this office, Jovellanos 22
altos, during office hours, where they will be entered in the special schedules which
have. been opened for this purpose in these offices.'*
Sixteen persons appeared to be recorded, and in a portfolio, with the title '^Bfis-
cellaneous,'' ordered by the Assistant Director, it has been forwarded to Santa
Clara.
Claudio Dumas,
Supervisor of the Cenms.
The DiRBcroR op the Census op Cuba,
Waskinfftoriy D. C.
(Through the Assistant Director.)
APPENDIX VI.
Census op Cuba, Opfice op the Supervisor,
Pinar dd Rio Provmoef December ;ftf , 1899,
Sir: Having concluded my delicate mission of taking a census of this province, to
which work I have devoted all my efforts, it is my duty to give the Gk>vemment of
the United States, under whose direction the censushas been taken, an idea of the
difficulties which have had to be surmounted by the enumerators in the fulfillment
of the duty intrusted to them, as well as those encountered by me in my work.
In order to appreciate the reality it would be necessary to go over the ground cov-
ered by the heroic enumerators of this province. My pen is not equal to the task of
narrating in a proper manner the thousand incidents of the work done here, where
Spanish domination gloried in its iniquitous conduct, leaving the people in the great-
est ignorance, and refusing to give the suffering and honest inhabitants of Vudta
Abajo means of communication. There are few roads which can be called such, nor
are there any bridges over the innumerable rivers and brooks which abound in the
fertile ground of this rich portion of Cuba.
I shall not detain you with a statement of the obstacles which I encountered in
the preliminary work of my office. It is sufficient to say that there exist no post-
offices in some municipal districts, it being necessary in order to communicate with
Mantua to go via Habana to Los Arroyos in a steamer, and from there by means
of private carriers; and with San Diego de Nunez by sea in boats from Mariel to
Carenero, with loss of time, which was short even for localities easily reached, by rea-
son of the order of the government to conclude on the 30th of November last I will
confine mjrself to the workjof enumeration.
It was begun on the 16th of October, during a rain storm which lasted sev^ial days
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APPENDIX VI. 639
in most of the districta of the province, the passes being rendered impassable on
account of the rising of the rivers and creeks, and the roads deplorable to such an
extent that some enumerators were thrown from their horses, some being injured
and others rendering some of the material useless.
The enumerator of the Cape of San Antonio, Mr. Buenaventura Gonzalez, fell into
a pool and sank up to his chest, coming out without his shoes, and being obliged to
walk barefoot 3 leagues over very rough ground in order to reach a habitation. The
enumerator of Vinales, Mr. Ricardo Kamat, on the afternoon of the 16th of October,
on going down a hill, had the misfortune to break the girth of the saddle, and the
mule on which he was mounted shying, threw him on some stones, causing him
serious bruises which obliged him to remain in bed for ten days; but firm in his pur-
pose of fulfilling the work intrusted to him, as soon as he was able to leave his bed
he continued his work, concluding it to my satisfaction. Others did the work while
suffering from malarial fevers; and Mr. Antonio Valdez, of Las Ivas, had no horse,
but being decided to fulfill his duty even though at the cost of his health and life, he
did the work on foot in a radius of over 8 leagues. The sufferings and hardships
borne by all the. enumerators of the rural portions of this province would make a
book, were it possible to narrate them. The irregularities of the ground, the com-
plete obstruction of the old coimtry roads, the struggles with the ignorance of the
country peasants, victims of the machinations and cupidity of the last administra-
tion, the bad weather and the limited period in which to conclude the work, show
great bravery on the part of the enumerators, who worked not so much for the remu-
neration (which was insufficient in the country to cover expenses), but by reason of
personal friendship for the undersigned, ambition, and patriotism.
The following fact will give an idea of the correctness of the census taken in this
province:
Mr. Miguel de Lazaro, in examining the comers of his district as chief enumerator
of Vifiales, discovered a small tobacco plantation in the "Sierra de los Organos,"
which, belonging to the district of Baja (Mantua), could not be reached from his side;
he informed me of the circtunstances in order that I might decide what should be
proper. As a person having special qualifications, I appointed Mr. Enrique Montoto,
who had been in the Army of Liberation, who, on the conclusion of his work told
me: ** During the revolution I did not suffer any greater hardships than those I have
borne in the enumeration of the * Sierra Derrumbada*; it was only to keep my word
given to you that I concluded this difficult work."
I would never conclude were it possible to narrate all the incidents which occurred
to these heroes of the Cuban census in the fulfillment of their duty; but I must say
that they have given proof of the fact that imder an honest and well-understood
administration the Cubans have the capacity and conditions to carry out any work,
no matter how difficult and dangerous it may be.
The noble words of the honorable Secretary of War, repeateil by me to each and
every one of the enumerators, that **The census is the basis of our self-government,"
encouraged them to carry out a work in so short a period of time with laudable
cleanliness in its form, and of undoubted truth.
And I can not conclude without mentioning my secretary, Mr. Luis F. Jomarron,
and my messenger, my son, Jose Ricardo, who in their respective positions have
assisted me wonderfully in all my labors, sharing with me their excess by reason of
the lack of sufficient employees in the office, which forced us to sacrifice to work a
good many hours which should have been hours of rest
Let the Government judge by the facts whether I have complied with my duty
conscientiously and honestly.
Very respectfully, Pedro N. Pbqukno,
Supervisor of the Census of Cuba,
The DiBBCTOR OF THE CENSUS, Washington^ D. C
(Through the Aadstant Director.)
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640 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
APPENDIX Vn.
OfFICX or THB SCPKBTISOB,
• Province of Pwrlo Principe, December 25, 1899,
Sib: The arduous, difficult, and most important work of taking the census in the
province of Puerto Principe having been concluded, I take pleasure in complying
with a very natural duty and with your order, forwarded to me by Mr. Victor H.
Olmsted, Assistant Director of the Census of Cuba, relating in the best manner pos-
sible, and making use of all my faculties as well as devoting all my attention
thereto, the important incidents and difficulties I have encountered in the task
intrusted to me; a recollection, furthermore, which I shall always preserve and
which all the natives of this country will be glad to know.
On the 22d of July of this year I was appointed, a high honor being conferred
upon me, supervisor of the census of Cuba in the province of Puerto Principe,
being given at the same time an order to report in Washington on the 10th of Augost
of the same year, an order which I comphed with, and where I joined my colleagues,
the supervisors of the other provinces. I remained in Washington until the night
of the 19th of August, when I left for Uabana. During my stay in Washington I
was fully convinced of the importance of the work which was intrusted to us, of the
extensive, minute, and serious study which it was desired to make of my country
for future purposes, which proved in a concrete and irrevocable manner the good
intentions of the Government toward this adventurous country, on which the great
North American nation placed its foot from sentiments of humanity and from incom-
parable and undoubted love of progress, civilisation, and liberty, which is the reli-
gion of all great countries. » * ♦
I received the instructions given us with great eagerness; I devoted all my intel-
lectual powers of retention to the study of the work intrusted to me, to an analysis
of the statistics, searching for the greatest exactness, I would have to submit, and
on the 26th, in possession of the true intentions of the Grovemment, I reported to
the assistant director at Habana, in order to carry out the most necessary measure
for taking the census, that is, the subdivision of my province into districts of
enumeration.
Mr. Olmsted, as well as all the supervisors, immediately encountered great dif-
ficulties, which, in order to surmount, required us to devote ourselves continuously
and carefully to the study of the question, said difficulties consisting in the absence
of official data for making said subdivision. The plans were deficient; we could not
make use of anything of the censuses taken years ago by the Spanish Gk)venmient|
which were full of deficiencies, incomplete, and irregular, having been taken under
entirely different methods than those prepared by the Government of Washington
for this census, which really is the first census of Cuba. In this condition of affiurs
I received some, but very few, data by telegraph, and without making a final subdi-
vision 84 enumeration districts were established, with authority to increase or
reduce this subdivision according to the requirements of my province after the work
was begun.
This subdivision, in my opinion, needed the supervision of an expert, because the
enumerators could not enumerate their districts unless they were given such natural
and exact limits as would avoid confusion and duplication in the census and oth^
perturbations to the prejudice of the supervisor and in general to the census.
In view also of the lack of means of communication in my province, and fearing
that this lack would redound to the prejudice of a good supervisorship in the taking
of the census, I requested, together with the other supervisors who were situated as
I was, that authority be granted to appoint an enumerator in the seat of the munici-
pal districts, who, properly instructed by the supervisors, should instruct the ena-
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APPENDIX VII. 641
merators of their reepectiye district, which enumerators should begin to draw their
salary of |6 per day from the 1st of October.
On the 3Qth of August, and making use of the i>owers granted me by the Secretary
of War, I appointed Mr. Marquez Sterling secretary of my office, having begun to
make use of his services from said date, he having taken his oath of office in the presence
of Mr. Olmsted in his provisional offices.
After the preliminary work had been done with Mr. Olmsted, and being perfectly
satisfied and pleased with the intelligence and attention shown by Mr. Olmsted in
attending to all the requirements of my district, I left Habana, together with my
secretary, on the 11th of September, opening my offices on the 15th of the same month,
although encountering the difficulty of the lack of materials which arrived here much
later, and beginning without delay the preparations for taking the census.
To study the limits of my province, to tel^raph Mr. Olmsted for authority to
employ an expert to take charge of the division of the districts, was my first act,
and ui>on receiving authorization, I appointed Mr. Manuel P. Cadenas, who made
the plans of each municipal district divided into enumeration districts, which plans
are in the possession of Mr. Olmsted. But immediately thereafter I encountered
the first difficulty: The division made in Habana did not cover the requirements of
my province for the taking of the census, and according to a calculation which we
made, the enumerators would be obliged to go over very large tracts of ground every
day without rest in the rural districts. I was obliged to create 132 enumeration dis-
tricts, with which I calculated I would be able to conclude the taking of the census
on November 30, as I had been ordered to do.
According to paragraph VIII of the order of the 19th of August, the enumeration
districts were not to exceed 1,500 inhabitants in the town districts And 1,000 in the
rural districts.
In my province this could not be carried out. * * *
As a legitimate consequence of the last revolution, a calculation with regard to the
number of inhabitants in enumeration districts was impossible, because there are
localities which before the war were populated and which are at the present time
completely abandoned, and, on the other hand, some localities are densely populated
which before the war had small settlements.
These considerations forced me to divide the province into 132 districts, it being
readily observed that in the town districts I could reduce the number of enumerators
which, on the other hand, I increased in greater proportion in the rural districts.
The previous census could not be taken as a basis for a division into enumeration
districts, nor to calculate the work which was given to each enumerator. * * *
Placing myself in telegraphic communication with the municipal mayors, I obtained
the limits of the municipal districts, and the names of the wards which composed
each district
I afterwards noticed that in the map given me for the purpose the limits of the
province were not correct, because of the limits given the province of Santiago de
Cuba. ♦ ♦ ♦ This was acknowledged by the Assistant Director and by Mr. Sabas
Meneses, supervisor of the census of Santiago de Cuba. This point having been
cleared up at my request, confusion and duplications in the census were avoided.
Upon the conclusion of these questions, and it being necessary for me to devote
myself to the preparation of enumerators and to the proper distribution of
the districts among them, * * * I had explanatory charts of the districts
made for delivery to the respective enumerators, the work of which, in its
mechanical part, was done by Messrs. Jose Gardni, Manuel Breton, Gonzalo Agosto,
Eugenio Loret de Mola, Emilio Torres, Alonso Martinez, and Miguel Cabrera, who
gave their services without remuneration, although later they were allowed $3 per
day, which I requested of Mr. Olmsted in a spirit of justice, and which was duly
authorized by you. Three copies were made of these charts, a tedious and long
24662 41
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642 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
work; one, in order to be able to give each enumerator his respective chart; another
to be kept in this office, and the third to be forwarded to the Assistant Director,
with the plans of each mimidpal district, made by the expert, Mr. Manuel Cadenas,
as I stated before, and which plans show the enmneration districts at a glance. The
plans as well as the charts being incorrect on account of the deficiency in the
official data furnished, I required the rural enumerators to make a report of the
estates they enumerated, with their respective limits, which data I have the honor
of placing at your disposal, should you consider it useful or necessary, and which I
do not inclose because it has not been requested of me.
I then immediately proceeded with the appointment of the instructors or monitor
enumerators of the municipal districts, with the exception of that of Puerto Prindpe,
where none was necessary, by reason of the supervisor's office being situated there
Municipal district of Nuevitas, Jose Garcini.
Municipal district of Moron, Jose Masdival.
Municipal district of Ciego de Avila, Ulpiano Rodriguez.
Municip>al district of Banta Cruz, J. Antonio Miranda.
Properly instructed, they left for the seats of their districts, and then I proceeded
with the instruction of the enumerators of this district and with the srfeetfon of
those best qualified for the discharge of the duties. Is these appointments it was
necessary to take into consideration that all the residents of the districts did not
possess the required qualifications, and those who did possess them were not always
disposed to abandon their positions or private business to fill the position of
-^enumerator.
' This difficulty being surmounted in the best manner possible, the task of instruc-
tion was arduous, tedious, and incessant. The office of the supervisor remained open
until 10 or 11 o'clock at night. The secretary and myself took the enumerators by
groups and gave practical instructions, submitting to the enumerators the most diffi-
cult cases and problems in the three tables for their practice and decision.
At the same time the monitor enumerators were doing the same work by my
orders in the municipal districts, and when I was convinced of the capabilities of
the enumerators I appointed them and took their oaths of office — for the city of
Puerto Principe, 22 enumerators (men, 19; women, 3); for the rural portion, 43
enumerators.
In-order to know, examine, and select the enumerators of the other municipal dis-
tricts, I left for Moron on the 9th, continuing thence to Ciego de Avila, Santa Cruz,
and returning to this city on the evening of the 16th. On said trip I was obliged to
go qn horseback for 64 leagues on account of the lack of other means of conmiuni-
cation. The secretary, Mr. Marquez Sterling, had remained in the meantime in
charge of the office, and, according to instructions which he received, he distributed
the equipments among the enumerators of the district of Puerto Principe and issued
the proper orders, so that when I arrived there all the enumerators were already in
their districts and had conmienced their enumeration with the greatest order possible,
without encountering any difficulty of any importance.
In Moron I appointed and received the oath of 22 enumerators; in Ciego de
Avila, 17; in Santa Cruz, 12; in Nuevitas, 17; it was not necessary for me to go to
this district to know the enumerators, the military conmiander of the locality receiving
their oaths.
On the 16th, therefore, the secretary informed the Assistant Director that the
enumeration of the entire province had begun.
Previously I had given special instructions to the enumerators which they were to
observe and which consisted of the following:
"Working hours for the enumerators of the city, from 8 to 10 in the morning and
from 12 to 5 in the afternoon; in the rural districts, from 6 to 10 in the morning and
from 2 to 5 in the afternoon.
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APPENDIX VII. 643
''When the working hours should be over, should some page of Schedule No. 1
remain unfilled, the enumerators shall draw a bracket in the left margin, including
all the lines which were filled on that day, and in the center of the bracket he shall
make the following memorandum: 'Enumerated this day (so many),' leaving
the balance on that day without being filled, the blanks mentioned in the heading
of the schedule on the day on which the enumeration was made, which shall be
filled under the date of the day on which he finishes said page of the schedule.
"The enumerators of rural districts shall keep a diary, for which purpose they
will be given the proper blanks, in which they shall enter the names of the estates
visited, number of persons enumerated, and the distance covered during the day.
"An authenticated copy of this diary shall be sent to the office of the supervisor
every Saturday, making use of the rural guard for its transmission.
"No enumerator of a rural district may absent himself without authorization from
this office, nor shall the town enumerators absent themselves from the city in which
they render their services.
"In case an enumerator comes to a house where none of the inmates speak the
Spanish language, he shall report the facts to this office, which will furnish an
interpreter.
" The enumerators in cities, in filling schedule 3, shall write the following note at
the end, as prescribed by the assistant director: ' This person is a resident of this
city, does not lease but owns the cattle, and has cultivated the crops specified.* "
All these instructions were drafted in response to the ui^nt needs of this office
and in accordance with consultations on the subject with Mr. Olmsted, Assistant
Director of the Census, who attended to them with the greatest efficiency, and which
it would be tedious to detail.
Interpreting the instructions to the supervisors, paragraph IV, I considered that the
supervisor should go over the ground, which opinion I communicated to Mr. Olmsted
under date of October 2, and requested the appointment of an agent to leave in the
office, which was authorized, and I imi^ediately appointed Mr. Manuel Breton
Fajardo. The secretary and myself therefore left on October 20 to visit all the enu-
meration districts of the municipal district of Puerto Principe, in the following
manner:
The secretary, Mr. Marquez Sterling, went over the districts corresponding to the
wards of Caobillas, Magarabomba, Quemado de Jimiru, Limones, and Guanaja.
I visited the remaining wards of the district, that is those of Sibanicu, Cascorro,
Quaimaro, Ecuador, Contramaestre, Yeguas, and San Geronimo.
We left on the 20th and returned on the 28th. This inspection was careful and
exact. We corrected all the errors in the schedules in what had already been writ-
ten by the enumerators, repeating all the explanations made in the office of the
supervisor.
This inspection presented, furthermore, some difficulties, because it was necessary
to make the entire trip on horseback on account of the lack of means of conmiunica-
tion with said wards of any kind.
Knowing that the Assistant Director was going to visit this district on his way from
Santiago de Cuba, I went to Nuevitas, where I had a long interview with Mr. Olm-
sted on October 31, showing him the work of the enumerators of Nuevitas, which he
approved.
Until receiving the approval of Mr. Olmsted, my guide had been the work done
and the fidelity with which I had interpreted the instructions. I also referred to
other matter with Mr. Olmsted, which he very kindly explained to me, authorizing
me to subdivide the districts which I feared could not be concluded on the 30th of
November.
And I was very soon compelled to subdivide district No. 113 with the Nos. 133
and 134, and No. 114 with No. 135— positions which were filled by enumerators who
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644 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
had concladed other dis^cta to my aatiflfauTtion, and believing thai by sodi
appointments I was doing an act of jnstice within the limits of the instroctioDs.
The preparation of the adboonts of the enumerators, the examination, line by line,
of all the work sobmitted by the enumerators, obliging them to rranake what was
deficient, and the correction and avoidance of errors and duplications in taking the
census, was my principal task from now on, being assisted from the 23d of November
by an assistant granted me by Mr. Olmsted to the 10th of Dec^nber. It a^rded
me great satisfaction to be able to telegraph to the assistant director of the ceoaas
on November 30 that the taking of the census in this province was concluded.
After the 30th of November this office continued its work of correcting the taking
of the census, which I can assure you was done with the greatest haste and activity
possible, and which was concluded very rapidly when it is taken into considera-
tion that this office had a very small personnel, only increased by the assistant or
delegate to whom I have made reference. But I must state that even this agent, as
may be seen from this report, was at my services for a certain number of days only,
and therefore the greater part of the time this office had only the work of the
employees authorised by the instructions.
Finally, upon being advised that this office would be honored with your visit, I
went to Nuevitas, where you arrived the 8th, visiting the offices on the 9th and lOth.
This office scrupulously complied with all the orders you gave.
To resume this report and to fulfill in other respects the instructions contained in
the communication of the assistant director of November 9, I shall briefly refer to
thetdifficultiee encountered by this office relating to schedule No. 3, because there
were no difficulties of importance in schedules Nos. 1 and 2.
But I find that these difficulties were stated with sufficient force and deamess in
my communication ^f December 18, addressed to Mr. Olmsted, from which I take
the following paragraphs:
'* With regard to schediUe No. 3, I must inform you that it is the one which has
presented more difficulties for its compilation, due to the fact that many estates are
abandoned and that the country is depopulated, for which reason all the data could
not be procured from the neighbors.
''Another difficulty was that of fixing the superficial area of many estates, even
when their owners lived thereon, on account of the ^hadmdas comunenu;* and in
order to show the reason in such cases why it is not possible to give the superficial
area, I take the liberty of informing you what are understood in this country by
'haciendas comuneras.'
"By *haciendaB comuneras* are known the grants of land which the government
or state had been makJng up to the beginning of the century.
' ' Taking a certain place as the center, the government granted the ground contained
within a circle drawn around this center with a radius of 1 or 2 leagues, aooord-
ing as to whether the grant was for the raising of huge or small cattie. This dicle
was not really measured, and the owner was satisfied with knowing that the ground
for 2 leagues around belonged to him.
"More grants would be made, and it was so frequently the case that it might be
said it was the rule that between the two points fixed as centers there was not the
distance requisite, and that therefore one estate encroached upon another, one cir-
cumference crossing the other.
"This was ignored until an owner desired to really measure his grant or estate, and
rules have been issued in the matter in order to balance the rights of these abutting
owners. On the other hand, the owner of an estate gave it an arbitrary value in
pesos, and he afterwards surrendered a certain nmnber of pesos, which are called 'of
possession' and which represent an aUquot part of the ground belonging totba
estate on the day it should be surveyed, being separated from the neighboring ones.
The total area could not be known because it was a very rare exception that the area
which had been given it was not reduced by other grants.
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APPENDIX VII. 645
" The result is that the owner of an undivided estate does not know how much
ground belongs to him, and it is still less known by the individuals who bought 'pesos
of possession' — ^that is, the part which in proportion to the number of pesos at which
the estate had been valued a century ago corresponds to the number of pesos bought
The confusion is increased by the fact that almost always it is unknown at what
number of pesos the original owner of the estate appraised it
"This can not be known until the survey of the entire estate is made juHicially,
fixing its bounds with the adjoining estates and afterwards subdividing or distribut-
ing it among all those proving -that they possess '}>esos of possession.' ''
In view of the above the supervisor could not demand the enumerators to answer
in an exact manner, in caballerias and cordeles, the area of the undivided estates.
DESCRIPTION OF THB TERBITORT OF THE PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE.
In accordance with the communication of the Assistant Pirector of the Census,
dated November 9, 1 here give a brief description of the territory of my district, mak-
ing as many observations as possible without being considered an exact study, for
which I would not have time.
Acconting to the official data of the last Government, the province of Puerto
Principe is' situated between 73® W and 75** 25' of longitude west of the meridian of
the observatory of Madrid and 20** 38^ and 23** 23' of latitude north. It has an area
of 24,000 square kilometers.
It is situated more or less in the center of the island. During the period of the
conquest the island was divided into two r^ons, the Eastern and Western, with their
capitals in Santiago de Cuba and Habana, respectively; Puerto Principe therefore
belonged almost entirely to the latter region. Later the island was divided into three
departments, the Western, Central, and Eastern, and their capitals were Habana,
Puerto Principe, and Santiago de Cuba, and it was not until April 10, 1868, that the
island was divided into six provinces, one of them being Puerto Principe.
The climate is temperate, which makes living more agreeable than other territories
of the island, which are exceedingly hot
Jhe province of Puerto Principe presents irregularly the appearance of a geometrical
figure, a trapezium, running from east to west.
Its coasts on the north consist of large, sandy plains, with some swampy grounds,
called ** sigiumeaa** in this country.
On the southern coast the ground is variable, and mostly covered with a tree which
usually grows on the coasts, and which it is said has medicinal \drtues, called ** man-
gle.'' Intricate marshes also abound, which are a characteristic of said coast and
which appear in very reduced proportions on the north coast.
The entire region is very level, containing large plains or level lands, uncultivated,
without trees and woods, and with pasture grounds for the breeding of cattle.
The rains are torrential during the spring, causing great fissures, which are dry in
winter, but which acquire a fearful impetuosity with their torrents in summer.
The rivers irrigate all the lands perfectly, and although they can not be said to
carry much water, they make the land sufficiently fertile for the requirements of
agriculture.
The serpentine rock predominates in its geological formation, and with regard to
its hydrological formation it has a series of rivers which, rising from the principal .
divisive, empty into the seas on the north and south.
With regard to the agricultural conditions of the land, more than two-thirds of the
province of Puerto Principe may be advantageously used for all kinds of crops.
Especially toward the south the lands are magnificent, but, nevertheless, they are
completely abandoned. All the residents of those regions await as the supreme
enterprise and the realization of future wealth and comfort the immediate establish-
ment of the railroad between Puerto Principe and Santa Cruz del Sur, which would
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646 REPORT OK THE 0EK8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
in reality solve many problems in agricultore in this province as well as its commerce,
immediately increasing the importance of this capital.
CHAKACTKR OF THB POPULATION.
The people are very energetic, naturally intelligent, decided lovers of their country
and liberty, and distinguished by their pacific customs and application to order and
work. They have faith in the protecting Government which offers it its future inde-
pendence; and with regard hereto I may add that, influenced by that same faith, they
have not opposed any obstacles to the prejudice of any action taken by the Govern-
ment, having had so much faith in the taking of the census, as a preliminary step to
a political change, that there was not one case in any enumeration district in which
the enumerator was denied admittance or where the inhabitants refused to give the
exact data.
The case occurred several times of a person going enormous distances to inform the
enumerator of his district that he did not enumerate him for a certain cause.
It is the desire of the people te return to their forming, to the reconstruction of
their estates, to the care and progress of their cultivation. And a people always
ready to make sacrifices for their liberty, firm and brave, are always the first to seek
happiness and comfort in peace.
The state of poverty of this province is really distressing, notwithstanding the fact
that the people of the country use all their^ efforts to obtain resources to begin work;
and it should be said, with regard to the pacific and loyal character of the people of
this province, that Spaniards live in the rural districts who took a cruel part in the
revolution against the Cubans, and that, nevertheless, their lives and estates are per-
fectly secure.
THB ENUMERATOBS.
The number of enumerators employed was 132, who worked in 135 enumeration
districts. There were three of them women, as I have already stated. Miss Maria
Teresa Guerra deserves special mention, her work having been done with zeal, cor-
rectness, and care.
Of the other enumerators I may say, in a general way, that I am satisfied with
their work and with their morality and intellectuality, with some rare ezceptioDS
when I had to require some enumerator to fulfill his duty. But of them I can and
believe it my duty to recommend the following as especially worthy of mention with
regard to their work: Jose Masdival, Antonio Vilardell, Francisco Sotomayor, Javier
Hernandez, Romualdo Varona, Ulpiano Rodriguez, Carlos Baldarrain, Alvaro Silva,
Manuel Cortes, Jose Garcini, Rafael Peron, Norberto Primelles, Angel Diaz Guzman,
Ramon Anglada, Maria Teresa Guerra, Rolando Ramos, Eugenio J^ de Mola, Mimael
Breton, Jose Fernandez, Rogelio Z. Bazan, Rogelio Freyre, Octavio Oquendo Loi,
Luis M. Cordoba, Enrique L. de Mola, J. Antonio Miranda, Miguel Perozo, Mario
Garcini, Graciano Betancourt, Ulises Cosio, Grabriel Barreras, Manuel Pradas, Alonso
Martinez, Francisco Pichardo, Enrique Boza, Emilio Torres, Filiberto Pichardo,
Arturo Guzman, Antonio Naranjo, Jose Acosta, Alberto Guzman, Manuel Al\'izuri,
Natalio Peron.
I conclude this report upon receiving the order to leave for Washington after the
first of January, from Habana or Cienfuegos.
Yours, etc., Agustin H. AottERo,
Sapervidor of the Centus of Cuba,
The DiRBCTOR OP the Census op Cuba,
Washington, D, C.
(Through Assistant Director.)
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APPENDIX VIII. 647
APPENDIX VUI.
Census op Cuba, Office of the Supervisor,
Province of SarUa Clara, December SI, 1899,
Sir: On the 21st of July last I received a telegram from General Wilson, notifying
me that I had been appointed supervisor of the census of the province, and inform-
ing me that I was required to report at Washington on the 10th of August to the
Director of the Census for instructions.
In Washington, where I arrived on the 10th, I received instructions from the
board of the census of the United States, having had several interviews with the
Assistant Director and the other members of the board. Fully instructed in the prepa-
ration of the schedules of population, schools, and agriculture, which were to be
filled in Cuba, I returned from Washington on the 26th of the same month.
In Habana, together with Mr. Victor H. Olmsted, Assistant Director of the Census
of Cuba, we devoted ourselves to the division of the province into districts of enu-
meration, taking as a basis for the census the old municipal districts.
As there does not exist in Cuba any register which could give us an exact knowl-
edge of the limits and bounds of the different municipal districts and their wards, I
addressed the 28 municipal mayors of the province, requesting them to send me such
plans as they might have of their districts and wards.
Unfortunately, although some of the mayors could send plans of their districts,
there were very few indeed who could send plans of their wards, sending only a
short statement of the limits of the same, but without indicating directions or
distances.
It was indispensable, therefore, to cure this deficiency of information with the
appointment of enumerators who should practically know the limits of the wards or
districts of enumeration, the names of the plantations, that of their owners, and
even the superficial area of each one; and this consideration governed me in the
appointment of the enumerators for the rural districts.
The appointment of the enumerators, which at first eight did not appear to offer
any difficulties, was difficult and even vexatious in practice. This was due to the
large number of applicants, to the imposition of certain elements which, supported
by a small portion of the press, believed that they only had a right to be appointed,
and to the state of paralysis of business in which this province is at present, which
makes office seeking to a certain point necessary, because the energies and activities
of a large number of intelligent young men having large families do not find appU-
cation, and they have, therefore, a hard fight for existence.
However, without taking these requirements into consideration, the undersigned
supervisor, closing his eyes to the suggestions of cx)rporations or friends, devoted
himself to seeking in the enumerators morality, qualifications, and knowledge of
the locality, which was especially recommended by the regulations; and if he
made a mistake sometimes it was because in the rural districts, for the reasons
already stated, he preferred a full knowledge of the region to great fitness.
Desiring to insure success, he delivered to every rural enumerator a precise state-
ment, which is attached to this report, of the names of the estates located in his
district, the names of their owners, and the superficial area of the same as a guide
and for purposes of correction in case the information furnished by the individuals
concerned should not appear clear and conclusive; and for this reason there appeared
in the schedules of agriculture many estates which either did not appear in the
municipal assessments or appeared as having a smaller area, a fraud intended exclu-
sively during the last regime to pay the lowest tax possible.
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648 BEPOBT OK THE CEN8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
OBOGBAPHICAl. DBCBIPnOH OF THX PBOTIHCB.
The province of Santa Clara u bounded on the north by the old cuud c^ Buhama,
on the east by the province of Poerto Principe^ on the sooth by the Sea of the
Antilles, and on tlie west by the province of Matanaw,
Its principal cities are Santa Clara, the capital, situated in the interior <^ the prov-
ince, with 14,683 inhabitants, and 66,273 in the jodidal district; Cienfnegoe, with
30,041, and 108,767 in the entire jodidal district; Sagoa, with 13,183, and 58,749 in
the entire jodidal district; San Joan de los Bemedios, with 6,634, and 72,599 in the
entire jodidal district; Trinidad, with 11,721, and 24,342 in the entire jodidlal dis-
trid; and Sancti Spiritos, with 12,666, and 25,700 in the entire jodidal district, mak-
ing a total in the province of 356,430 inhabitants.
The province of Santa Clara, one of the laigest in the island, and the most popu-
lated after that of Habana, offered many difficolties for the aiomeration, as the
intricate hills of Trinidad are sitoated there, most noteworthy being the Pico del
Potrerillo, La Cabeza del Moerto, La Sigoanea, Pico Blanco, and Cocorocho. There
are also sitoated there the sierras of Sancti Spiritos, from which the si^raa of La
Gloria and Banao branch off; the hills of Santa Clara, where we find the craggy
sierras of Oscambray, containing rich mines of copper and asphalt, and the hill d
Manicaragna; the hills of San Joan de los Bemedios, from which the aema oi
Bomboranao rise, containing rich deposits of kaolin, etc ; and in the judicial district
of Sagoa la Grande, the Sierra Morena, which occupies almost the entire north coast
from the Palma River to the barrio of Sitiedto, belonging to the monidpal district
of Sagoa.
On the other hand, on the north coast from the Palma River to the month of the
Sagoa la Grande River, and from this point to very near San Joan de los Bemedios,
there are a large nomber of oabaUerias of marshy land which are crossed with great
difficolty during the rainy season.
And on the Southern coast we find the famous swamp of SSapata, very extensive
and dangerooB, extending from the Bay of La Broa to Caimanera, aboot 39 leagoes
long and from 4 to 6 leagues wide, in some points 9 leagues wide. Situated in this
swamp and between it and the soothem coast there are several laige plantations
which it was necessary to visit.
It is only possible to enter the swamp by the soothem coast by two or three very
shallow ports, the principal one being that of the estate of Santa Teresa, called to-day
LaMaqoina.
By the northern coast it may be said that there exists only one entrance to the
swamp in the province of Santa Clara. It is called Callejon de los Goiros. Bot in
order to reach this pass there are only four practicable roads.
1. That of San Pedro, a difficult road on account of the flow from the swamp, the
bad stone bottom, and pita, very dangerous both for men and horses, some of them
being from 4 to 6 yards deep. The length of this road is 5 leagues, 2 J of them water.
2. The entrance called De los Ratones, from the plantation Pamplona to that of
San Bias, 2 leagues are under water; but during the month of November it was not
possible for any enumerator to cross it on account of its bad condition, the pits and
holes being filled with water.
3. The entrance of Buenavista, from the plantation of Orbea to that of San Bias,
Si leagues are under water and 2 leagues impassable on account of the stones and
numerous pits. It is only possible to go around them, and that only in time of very
dry weather.
4. The entrance through Cayo Navarro to Cayo Grande and Cocodrilo; in a space
of 2J leagues it is only possible to go through it on foot or in canoes.
The pass of Los Guiros has 1^ leagues under water filled with rocks and pits, but
during the month of November last, by reason of the abundant rains of October, this
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APPENDIX vm. 649
entrance, which is doubtless the best one, had 8 leagues of water, from the plantation
of Nicolas to that of San Bias.
In order to cross the swamp from the north coast to the south coast there is
another entrance called Nicolas and Cocodrilo, which is I league under water and
4 leagues of stones, declivities, and coral.
In order to go through these entrances on horseback it is necessary to wrap the
horses from their heads to their knees with pieces of hard leather, in order to pre-
vent them injuring themselves against the points of the coral, called ''dog's teeth,"
and so that they may endure the journey, which, by reason of the nature of the
ground, is necessarily slow and arduous, as well as very unpleasant on account of the
numerous mosquitoes in the swamp.
The distances to be covered in order to visit the swamp are from the plantation of
Nicolas to that of Maniadero, 30 leagues from the north; but from the south coast
there are 40 leagues, the trip being rendered more difficult on account of the numer-
ous lakes, ponds, and pits which it is necessary to cross.
FOOD FOR PBOPLB AND HOBSIB.
For the men it is necessary to carry the provisions along, because the natives (who
are the only ones who can live there) live exclusively on crocodile tails (?), mud
turtles, agouti (Indian rats), and honey.
To feed the horses, it is necessary to cut leaves from the trees until the plantation
of Jegui is reached, where there is some vegetation; but from there to the Maquina,
near the entrance of Santa Teresa, by the plantation of Santo Tomas, in a space of 7
leagues to San Lazaro, nothing is found but hills and seashore, and it is necessary to
cut leaves from the trees to feed animals.
The principal rivers which cross the province of Santa Clara are, in the northern
portion, the Sagua la Grande, navigable for a distance of 27 kilometers; the Sagua la
Chica, and the Jatibonico del Norte, and, in the southern portion, the Jatibonico
del Sur, the Zaza, Hagabama, Arimao, Caunao, Salado, and Damiji, the latter navi-
IKable for a distance of 27 kilometers (the last four rivers emptying into the beautiful
port of Cienfuegoe), and the Hanabana, which rises in the lakes of Mordazo and emp-
ties in the lake of Tesoro, and, finally, the river Hatiguanico, which, rising in the lake
of Tesoro, crosses the Zapata swamp and empties in the bay of La Broa.
The principal ports of the province are, on the north coast, Isabela de Sagua and
Caibarien, and, on the south coast. Tunas de Zaza, Casilda, and the famous port of
Jagua, or Cienfuegos, one of the largest in the world.
THB ENUMBRATION.
On the 16th of October, without any portfolios in which to keep their schedules,
the enumerators of the town districts set out upon their work.
The 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 23rd, 24th of the same month, as they received their port-
folios, the enumerators of the rural districts began their work.
DIFFICUmiBS OF THB BNUMBRATION.
By reason of the opposition of a small portion of the press, the enumeration began
with the suspicion and mistrust of many inhabitants, some of whom saw in the cen-
sus a certain political end and others a determined basis on which to base new
taxation.
But we are happy to say here that this mistrust and passive resistance disappeared
very soon, by virtue of the persuasive propaganda of the enumerators themselves,
who informed the public of the regulations and the penalties which would be
incurred by the enumerators who consented to concealments, and especially con-
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650 HEPOM? ON THE CEKStTS OP OTTBA, 1899.
vincing them of the importance for the future good organixation of the country of t
correct cenmis of population and exact statLstica as to the state of the public wealth
and public instruction of the country. And the enthusiasm or the fear was so great
that more than 200 individuals appeared to be recorded of their own will who had
been absent from their homes for some reason or other on the day of the enumeration.
Boon after the beginning of the census there occurred a rain and wind storm, which
lasted thirteen dayi9 in some localities, embarrassing the journey of the rural ennmer-
ators, the rivers swelling and the ground being soaked to such an extent that several
enumerators, for this reason, which they duly entered in their daily reports of their
work, recorded a small number of persons and agricultural schedules; and as a gen-
eral rule it may be said that if the enumerators of the rural districts fulfilled tiieir
duty to the satisfaction of the supervisor, it is surely due to the knowledge each one
had of the ground to which he was assigned; because the war which depopulated
the country of men and animals, the fires which ruined all crops, fences, and roads,
and the abundant vegetation of the Torrid Zone, obliterated the limits which sepa-
rated the wards from each other; and, nevertheless, there were only two cases where
an enumerator of the district of Quemado de Guines made a mistake in the district,
having entered an abandoned estate as belonging to said district, when the fact was
that a part thereof — 18 caballeriag — belongs to the municipal district of Kancho Veloz.
The other case was that of an enumerator of Vueltas who entered two estates of the
municipal district of Remedios.
THK ENUMERATOR OF THE EASTERN PART OF THE ZAFATA SWAMP J
Up to the 9th of November, by reason of the heavy rains of the latter part of
October, it ^as impossible to find a man who for $10 per day would enumerate the
few inhabitants who live in the swamp of Zapata. Finally Mr. Pedro Nunez prom-
ised to go over the swamp and turn in his work on the 30th of November, which
he religiously fulfilled.
WOMEN EMPLOYED IN THK CENSUS.
Fifty-eight women were employed as enumerators of the census, and all have ful-
filled their duty very conscientiously and with great cleanliness and exactness, the
following deserving special mention: Misses Manuela Chavez y Clotilde Silva, of
Santa Clara; Flora Ramos y Juana Monzon y Aguirre, of Cienfuegos; Teresa Mestre
and Elvira Cabana, of Trinidad; Luisa Herrada, of Remedios; Maria Weis and Fran-
cisca del Valle Gonzalez, of Sancti Spiritus.
We also had Mrs. Agueda Valdes Aday, widow of Leza, as an enumerator of the
second rural district of San Juan de los Yeras, who presented 14 schedules of popu-
lation and 130 of agriculture, rendering a perfectly exact, minute, and clean work.
This lady went out to enumerate her district on horseback, accompanied by her
10-year-old son.
ENUMERATORS EMPLOYED.
The enumerators employed in the census of the province of Santa Clara are dis-
tributed by judicial districts in the following manner:
Judicial district of Santa Clara 79
Judicial district of Cienfuegos 113
Judicial district of Sagua la Grande 63
Judicial district of San Juan de los Remedios .„ 75
Judicial district of Trinidad 21
Judicial district of Sancti Spiritus 31
Total 382
^ The western part was enumerated by Sixto Agramonte.
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APPENDIX VIII, 651
GROUNDS PRBPARBD POR RAISING TOBACCO.
The rains during th« last fifteen days of October unfortunately destroyed the seeds
of the early tobacco and wet the guilds prepared for the sowing of tobacco excess-
ively; the sowing had not taken place when the work of the census was begun; had
they been, the agriculture schedules would make a better showing than they do, for
we know that during the last days of November and the first twenty-five of this
month, an enormous amount of settings of tobacco have been laid out in this province,
the production of which, if the weather continues favorable, will not be less than
220,000 quintals.
And it may be said that one-third of the future tobacco crops will be the result of
the individual efforts of the Cuban farmer] because, if the agriculture schedules are
carefully examined, it will be se^i that only a very small number of estates own a
yoke of oxen to prepare the ground, the farmer having been obliged to till >the
ground with his hands, a ground which is hard and knotty, as is that of Cuba.
And it may also be said that it is noticed in a majority^ of cases that these animals
mentioned in schedule No. 3 have been furnished by capitalists of the cities, who
charge as hire for the same one-third of the gross product of tobacco and com they
grow.
Consequently, if things go on as they are going, the evils of the last r^me will
continue in Cuba, when the case was that the owner was nothing but the manager,
without salary, of his estate. And if it is desired to permit agriculture in Cuba to
enter upon an era of reconstruction, it will be indispensable to give small landowners
means of securing the capital necessary to purchase oxen and implements.
ASSISTANCE OF THE AUTHORITIES.
By reason of the judicial districts of Sancti Spiritus and Trinidad being located
at a great distance from this city, the case often occurred that certificates going and
coming from there took seven days. It was necessary therefore, in order to fulfill
the demands which were being made for schedule No. 3, to send men on horseback
who could deliver the schedules and notices to the enumerators within twenty-four
hours. Three trips were thus made to Sancti Spiritus, one to Trini(hul, one to
Fomento, and another to Placetas. I must here state that Gen. Jos6 Miguel Gomez,
civil governor of the province, cheerfully and speedily gave me all the assistance 1
requested.
THE RURAL GUARD. *
In all the districts, I 'have been told, the enumerators received from the chiefs of
the rural guard the most spontaneous and excellent assistance.
In the Agnada de Pasajeros, a ward of the municipal district of Cienfuegos, the
captain of the rural guard, Mr. Bernardo Mirabai; furnished the eight assistants
which it was necessary to send there in order to conclude the enumeration of that
ward as soon as possible and the horses required so that they could fulfill their duty.
THE NOTICES AND SCHEDULE NO. 3.
Twice I was out of notices and schedule No. 3, but I must state that the Assistant
Director sent me from Habana or other points those that I required. I must also
state here that the undersigned supervisor always found the Assistant Director well
disposed to explain doubtful questions, and that the advice given me was always
useful for the success of the works of the census.
OFFICE OF THE SUPERVISOR.
With the exception of a few dollars which were invested during the first days in
some repairs, this office has not cost one cent to the census of Cuba, because the
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652 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
nndereigned has made use of the office and f umitare he had in the palace of the Civil
Grovemor as secretary of the provincial board of agriculture, industry, and commerce
of Santa Clara.
1 am glad to state that we have worked in this office from 7 in the morning to 12
at night, the time when the electric light was pat out, without excepting Sandays
and holidays. Only thus could we keep up a constant correspondence with 382
enumerators, distributed over a province which has g^ven more than 356,000 inhabit-
ants, as well as keep up the accounting to date, and have paid all the enameratonB,
interpreters, agents, etc., without those delays which would be inevitable with so
small a number of employees — a secretary and a messenger — and that office knows a
special agent was added to this office on November 2 and another on the 23d of the
same month.
REPORIB.
I attach to this report, besides the statements of the assessments of the rural estates
which compose the wards of this province, of which 1 have already spoken, a general
report of the census of the province of Santa Clara, giving the names of the enumer-
ators, houses, and families, and two other statements giving the cattle existing in
each municipal district of this province during the years 1895 and 1899, in order that
they may be used for purposes of comparison.
Juan Bautista Jimenez,
Supervisar of the Cauus,
The Director of the Census,
Washington, D, C.
(Through the Assistant Director.)
APPENDIX IX.
Census of Cuba, Office of Supervisor,
Province of Santiago de Cuba, November SO, 1899.
Sir: Complying with your request of the 9th instant, in which you asked me to
make a detailed report of the work of the census in this province, 1 have the pleasure
to inform you that on the 22d of July I received the appointment of supervisor and
was directed to report to the Director of the Census, Washington, D. C.
In view of this appointment I had to embark the 26th of July for Habana,
where the communications with the United States are much better than from this
port, in order to arrive punctually at Washington by the 10th of August, as I was
ordered. On Monday, the 31st of the same month, I embarked from Habana for
New York by the steamer Vigilancia, going from that city to Washington by rail,
and arriving on time. I remained fourteen days in that capital and arrived at
Habana on the 23d of August, via Tampa. I remained in Habana thirteen days, help-
ing to prepare the subdivision of my province into enumeration districts, at the pro-
visional office of the census in Halmna, leaving that city Thursday, September 7, for
Santiago de Cuba, where I arrived on the 11th, but was unable to disembark until
the 12th, owing to quarantine regulations. The office had been already opened at
No. 32 San Bainlio street, with the secretary and messenger in chaige since the 1st of
September.
The undersigned supervisor had, consequently, scarcely a month in which to
appoint the enumerators, and, due to the topography of this province and the lack
of communications, he could not, as the other supervisors probably have done, go to
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APPENDIX IX. 658
each one of the 324 enumeration districto to select as enumerators residents of those
places; it would have required six months to perform this part of the work alone.
For this reason, and having in Santiago de Cuba a great number of capable persons
who were acquainted with the various localities of this province (having been engaged
in fighting in such localities during the war), and seeing the lack of time and the
imperious necessity of beginning the enumeration in all parts of the province on the
16th of October, I decided to select the entire personnel from among these individuals.
The satisfactory results were shown in the practical operation of this plan, because
only men in whom were combined these qualifications would have been able to with-
stand two severe hurricanes and the crossing of swollen rivers and terrible swamps, as
they had neither bridges nor roads.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TBRRITORT OP THE PROVINCE.
The territory of this province, the most extensive and the richest in woods and
minerals of the island, at the same time the most fertile and virgin, is comprised of a
tract 225 miles from east to west, and 120 miles from north to south.
Topographically considered, this province is the most mountainous. Here we find
the most elevated mountains of Turquino, Ojo del Toro, and Gran Piedra, to whose
precipitous heights the enumerators have ascended, searching for a hut which might
or might not be inhabited, these peaks being situated in the Sierra Maestra, which
extends majestically and imposingly from Cabo Cruz to beyond Santiago de Cuba in
the direction of east to west.
As a natural consequence of the great elevations of this country, there flow through
the deep canyons beautiful rivers, navigable for schooners their entire courses, or the
lai^r part thereof, such as the Cauto, Contramaestre, Baconao, Bayamo, Toar, and
others, whose overflows inundate and devastate the territory near by, destroying the
crops and sepulchrating in their tempestuous currents each year, now and then, some
imprudent and careless traveler who pretends to cross them. The rainfall in this
region is so abundant that this year the rain gauge registered 14^ inches in four days.
OBOQRAPHICAL CHARACrBRISTICS.
The geographical characteristics relating to the orography of the province have
been described in the foregoing paragraph, so there is only to be added some remarks
relating to ports, towns, etc.
There is in this province the bay of Nipe, of greater extension than all those of the
island, where some rivers empty into the sea, such as the Cajimaya, the Mayarf,
which is navigable as far as the town of the same name, and the river known as the
Nipe; also the creeks Juan Vicente, 8er6n, and Centeno. This bay, properly dredged,
can accommodate any squadron which exists to-day.
The port or bay of Guantdnamo, which is quite large, is considered the third in
the island; the rivers of Guaso and Guantdnamo, which carry a laige amount of
water, empty into this bay.
The bay of Santiago de Cuba, entirely surrounded and protected, and celebrated
because of the fact that in the same the Spanish tyranny was destroyed forever by
the United States, receives the waters of the following rivers, which are of little
importance: The Pftradas, the Caimanes, and the Caney. Among its creeks, there is
only one worthy of mention, being the Yaray6. The entrance to this port is per-
fectly clean, and if dredged it would be of great utility and shelter for the steamers
whidh. cross the ocean, and which can not at present enter the bay if they are vessels
that draw a very large amount of water, due to the large shoal which is found at the
entrance, leaving only a narrow canal, difficult and dangerous to enter without the
help of good pilots.
There is yet to be mentioned all the bays and ports in this province in their suc-
cessive order. ♦ * ♦
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654 REPORT ON THE CENttUB OF CUBA, 1899.
The principal citiefi of this province, in the order of their importance, are Santiago
de Culm, which is the capital, Manzanillo, Gibara, Holguin, Goantanamo, Baracoa,
Sagoa de Tdnamo, and Puerto Padre; Bayamo and Tunas were destroyed, bat are
being reconstructed slowly; Jiguanf, Cobre, Caney, and a multitude of small towni
like these without special importance.
There exist only three railroads: That of Cuba to KnramadaH and Hal to Songo;
that of Gibara to Holguin (narrow gauge), and that of Caimanera to Guantanama
Of private lines there \b that of the mines of Juragu^ Daiquiri, and some kilometei^
in sugar plantations.
This province is eminently agricultural and not industrial, and its poverty and
retrogression will continue increasing until a perfect state of peace is established which
will permit work on farms without interruption; but as the proprietors have been
ruined and there are no means of communication, only the establishment of an agri-
cultural bank, the construction of a central railroad with its branches, and good roads
will be the means of saving the sad situation which confronts this province and
which, with these, would be converted into an emporium of riches without equal in
the world.
I could describe other geographical characteristics if it were not for making the
article too lengthy.
OENBRAL CHARACTER OF THE POPULATION.
The general character, or the conditions, of the inhabitants of this province can be
considered under four distinct aspects— ci\il, political, moral, and relative to the
census.
Civilly considered, the cities and towns of this province are very backward, because
public instruction is limited and poor, due to the absolute lack of the establishment
of first grade of public schools, and also real kindeigartens — ^not from lack of d^ire
on the part of the inhabitants, but due to the Spanish regime, who, not having in
themselves the principles of education, consequently coul^ not impart same to their
colonies. For this reason the majority of the Cubans do not understand nor know
what are their rights and duties as citizens. Politically, the towns of the«east desire
independence.
With regard to the moral part, these towns have generally good customs, and by
instinct their inhabitants are good and humane, generous, and alw&ys disposed to
offer the most open hospitality. The political tyranny of the last government and
the no less lamentable tyranny of the Spanish cleigy may perhaps have contributed
as an efficient cause to certain antisocial customs, such as concubinage; but notwith-
standing this they are moral. With regard to the census, the past bad administia-
tion did not know how or did not wish to give natural and exact limits to the dif-
ferent wards, and the people has shown itself diffident and distrustful in this censos,
concealing persons, ages, and even domestic animals, fearing that fiscal or municipal
taxes, etc., would be levied. One sagacious enumerator, in order to make the people
appear in a city, had the happy thought to tell them, ''Do not fear; what I am doing
now is for the distribution of rations to-morrow by the American Grovemmen t ' ' Thifl
was sufficient for all persons to present themselves and give correct answers.
The difficulties I have encountered in directing the census are various and of dif-
ferent characters. ♦ * *
The absence of means of communication in general, ordinary, railway, and even
telegraphic, with the most distant and inaccessible points caused two or three iimee
the time to be employed in concluding the work intrusted to me, notwithstanding
the employment of couriers and special private means, the expenses for which were
authorized by the assistant director. The absence of pecuniary resources of the
enumerators — all poor men, who did not have horses nor means of borrowing them
for so arduous trips, each one being under the necessity of leaving some resouroefl to
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APPENDIX IX. 655
his family, etc. — was one of the troubles which made me believe that the realization
of the census would be impossible. * ♦ *
The large number of ignorant and suspicious colored people, kept in this condition
by the Spanish Government as a political measure, has l^en sufficiently shown by
the enumeration of the wards in which they reside. The division of wards, the
absence of known limits in all the country districts, causing one enumerator to enter
the district of another, requiring the immediate correction of errors, going back,
remaking plans, investigations, etc., in order to avoid duplications, has disturbed
the good order of this most delicate service. The limited time granted for the prep-
aration, organization, and execution of the census has rendered the work so much
more difficult that the little w\ich has been well done deserves to be praised, because
only an iron will, together with the good wishes .and activity of the enumerators,
encouraged, perhaps, by the hope of being placed in new works of real statistics, have
contributed to the success attained. Six months of organization and six more of
execution was the time which should have beea em|Aiyed to conclude this gigantic
worky whkfa hav just been executed for the first time in the island of Cuba in forty-
five days only. It is the truth, and it must be included in this report, that a good
management in the hands of Messrs. Sanger and Olmsted, and an abundance of
money for general expenses, and a most active correspondence, have assisted most
wonderfully, without which help we would still be at the beginning. The two rain
and wind storms which detained the enumerators even after they were over, because
the marshes became so dangerous they could not be crossed. ♦ * *
The difficulty of the division into wards has been an obstacle which could not
be passed over, and which will cause a certain confusion in the limits thereof in
the census, especially in the country, where the mayors were not able to decide the
limits of their own jurisdiction, except in a very vague manner. This is the reason
some of the enumerators passed to neighboring wards. In order to correct this, it
would be necessary to make corrections — go over some of the work — and the period
fixed for the conclusion of the census did not permit this. The principal causes of
this chaos are the absence of plans and topographical maps, perfectly prepared,
indicating what l>elong8 to each jurisdiction, the official arrangemept of the limits
by natural fixed boundaries, such as creeks, rivers, mountains, etc., and most espe-
cially that the office of ward mayor be given always to persons of well-known zeal
and education, with larger salaries, in order to cause people of worth to aspire to
these positions.
The difficulty of the rains was easily surmounted, because it had been foreseen, and
competent men were selected well acquainted with the fording of rivers and pools
which they encountered on their road. Nevertheless, more than twelve days were
lost in both storms. In some places, such as Baracoa, Mayari, and Holguin, much
more time was lost, the storm having lasted there twenty-three days.
NUMBER OP ENUMERATOBS EMPLOYED.
The number of enumerators was at the beginning 323, distributed among 19 munic-
ipal districts in the following manner:
Alto Songo, 10; Balma, 12; Caney, 14; Cristo, 2; Cobre, 20; Guantanamo, 37;
Sagua de Tanamo, 7; Sjquero, 4; Bayamo, 16; Jiguani, 9; Holguin, 33; Gibara, 23;
Puerto Padre, 18; Mayari, 9, and Baracoa, 27. Afterwards, when the monitors or
delegates informed me of the number of inhabitants each ward had, it was neces-
sary to add 9 enumerators more — in Guantanamo, 4; in Palma, 2; in San Luis, 1; in
Caney, 1, and in Bayamo, 1 — making a total of 332.
NUMBER OP WOMEN EMPLOYED AS ENUMERATORS.
The number of women employed as enimierators in this district was only one in
Campechuela, called America Betancourt. In Santiago they could not be employed,
because the supervisor was not authorized to (unu^h them a companion, which would
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656 BEPOBT ON THE CKN8UB OF CUBA, 1899.
have avoided the insults to which they were exposed in this capital, at least from
those opposed to the census. ^
GENERAL INTELLECTUAL \HD MORAL CHARACTER OP THE ENUMERATORS, THEIR QUAU-
FICATIONB AND ZEAL.
With regard to the general intellectual and moral character of the enmnerators,
their qualifications and zeal, I must state that they must be divided into three groaps:
The monitors, the enumerators of the city, and those of the country. The first — that
is, the monitors— all 19 showed great intelligence, activity, and good faith in aU the
work of organization, instruction, and vigilance, those of Santiago, Manzanillo,
Bayamo, Hol^;uin, Palma, and Gibara deserving special mention. These delegates
personally paid lor trips, going to all the places where their presence may have been
required, gave proper account of the enumerators who did not work, and there were
some who personally paid for the printing of proclamations and announcements for
the others and for the public.
The enumerators of the city, numbering 33, have done work fairly correct, in view
of the short period of preparation and the difficulties they frequently encountered,
being obliged to wait until all hours of the night for the return of the husbands or
heads of families, when the latter refused to give any information without the inter-
vention of the former, as well as many other causes which have been included in the
body of this report There have been many who have distinguished themselves for
their exactness in the census, the zeal and rapidity of the work, but the following
deserve special mention: Nos. 150, 115, 49, 220, 57, 40, 30, 37, 36, 29, 44, 28, and 31,
and others which would make a list too extensive to mention.
The enumerators of the country have been true Titans. Constantly having to cope
with the inclemency of the weather, with the bad roads, and the poverty of the farm-
ers who were not able to give them the proverbial hospitality of this class of people,
being obliged to sleep in kitchens having no walls, detained in miserable hovels for
days waiting for the rivers to go down in order to continue their work, living mostly
on sweet-potatoes, and many of them losing their horses, they have finally conquered
more by reason of their ambition than for the remuneration, which often was not
sufficient to pay expenses. The Grovemment, or rather the American people who
read these descriptions, can not understand them and will probably believe that they
are exaggerated, accustomed as you are to good roads, railroads, bridges, etc. It is
necessary to see this and to go over the roads during the rainy season to get a correct
idea. Who could be mentioned as the most worthy of these giants of duty and activ-
ity? All of them; and their work executed on foot, on a chair, standing in the mud
of the interior of the huts of the natives, tormented by the ferocious mosquitoes of
the woods, by the smoke of the fires, etc., have a relatively large value, even for
those who, having enumerated a small number of persons, have traveled immense
distances, as was the case with those who went to the Sierra Maestra. In general I
can not say less here — that the education, morality, qualifications, and zeal of the
personnel employed have been excellent I only had to discharge two, one in San
Luis because be was too old and did not write plainly, and the other in Campechuela
for having absolutely ignored the instructions he had received. Two or three resigned
on account of illness and were immediately substituted without interrupting the
census.
INTERESTING DETAILS RELATING TO THE WORK.
The details relating to the work, and which could be changed in a new census, are
material and are confined to —
First. The time. So delicate a work should never be executed in a country so
destitute of means of communication and education, and especially during the time
of heavy rains, in the period of forty-five days.
Second. A great difference should be made between the salary paid enumerators
of cities and those of the country. If another census should be taken in the same
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APPENDIX IX, 657
period and under the same conditions, it would not be possible to obtain a personnel
dmilar to the present one; only ignorant persons or those forced thereto through
necessity would apply for the positions. One enumerator of the country who took
part in ihe ten years' insurrection and that of the last three years suffered so many
hardships and perils taking the census that he was sorry he had accepted the posi-
tion, saying that he preferred twenty years of war to repeating the work he executed
only for pride's sake and to keep his sworn word. I repeat that these details appear
to be exaggerated. I assoie you that there is a pass on the road from Baraeoa to
Maisi where a person is obliged to make the horse go before him creeping through
the stones and follow him on all fours, with great dl^inger of idling down an immense
pvedpioe. This road is that called ''Mata CabaUo," (kill a horse).
Third. The ink bottles s»it to the enumerators were of no use, their long shape
making ihesn upset easily, and this office has spent a good sum in ink and w^s
obliged to authorize some delegates to do the same. Inkstands with a spring should
have been selected for the pocket, and, fmtheisnore, a certain amount only should
have been put in the bottles.
Fourth. If the enumeratoro had be^i authorixed to take their data with pencil
and afterwards fill in the schedules at their homes in ink, all the work would have
been better. Only the enumerators of the towns who had a table on which to write
and a chair to sit on were able to keep their schedules dean and neat
Fifth. The portfolios allow the schedules of education and agriculture to slip out
laterally. It would have been advisable, therefore, for them to have had two lateral
fastenings, or that the second and third schedules had been made laiger.
Sixth. The waterproof covering is not sufficiently so, and allows the water to enter
in crossing rivers. The tapes were sewn too near the edges; some became unfastened,
and it was necessary to replace them.
CONCLUSION.
Finally, and in order to properly close this report, already of sufficient length, I
consider it my duty to request the Assistant Director to use his influence in so far as
possible to have established in this unfortunate island bureaus or offices of statistics,
on the style of those existing in the United States, France, and Germany, which
should, weekly or monthly, collect all the data relating to the increase or decrease
of popuktion, oolor^ nativity, age, education, etc., of all titie inhabitants, with a corps
of agricultural engineers to make plans of the districts and fix natural limits
for each one. Finally, that a general plan containing all the private plans of ruial
estates, leaving the ground belonging to the State and the royalties (realengos) clearly
defined. In this manner everybody would know what he owns exactly, the large
number of parcels of land witiiout owners will be made use of, and without the
expenaes which have been incurred at the present time. In a short period these
biu^aus of statistics would be enabled to furnish these schedules filled in for a com-
plete census and even more correctly.
In this manner complete statistics could be obtained in Cuba which would give a
real knowledge of the country with r^ard to its different climates, geological condi-
tions, production, and wealtii, information which the Spaniards never had during
the four centuries they dominated the island, the lack of which prevents a knowledge
of the great advantages which if known would surely attract heavy immigration to
develop them. These bureaus of statistics would reveal the great resources and
sources of wealth which Cuba contains.
Yours, etc, Sabas Msneses,
Supervisor of the Cennu.
The DiBBcroB of Cuban Census,
Washingtoriy D, C,
(Through the Assistant Director.)
24662 42
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APPENDIX X.
WESTERN SWAMP OF ZAPATA, IN THE PORTION CORRESPONDING TO
THE MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF JAGUEY ORANDE.
[Detaili relatliig to the mine compiled by the ondenl^ed enomentor, Na 90L]
Firtt ereurtUnL — I left the town of Jaguey Gnnde on the afternoon of the 15th oi
October, 1899, spending the night at the Victoria plantation in order to commence
my work in the morning of the 10th, the date fixed for taking the oensaa.
At 5 o'clock on the morning of the 10th I left said plantation, accompanied by the
guides, Polonio Miranda and Lois Gk>nsale8, all of us provided with repeating riflee,
200 rounds of ammunition, revolvers, machetes, bowie knives, shotguns, with ammn-
nition therefor; also carrying rations to last us six days.
At 8.30 a. m. we entered the swamp, leaving our horses at the Yictoria plantitkoi
above mentioned.
Odober 16 — Fir$i wtiL — This was to Crocodile Island, where we found nothing
deserving of special mention. Inmiediately thereafter we continued to the islets of
Verde, Cujal, and El Ahorcado, where we spent the first night The trip between
the islets is very difficult, the swamp being from one-half to three yards deep, at
which depth there is a firm, stony bottom. Many and various woods and biids
abound on these islets.
Ocfoe^fT 17.— Visit to the islets of La Galleta, La Caoba, El Ocujal, and La Cochilla
camping on the latter. During this trip we killed a number of crocodiles, measoring
from 1 to 4 yards, making use of our arms and machetes for the purpose. The most
abundant woods on this islet are mahogany and ocuje. The night was unpleannt
and spent on guard, because crocodiles followed our party to the camp, four of tl^m
advancing to our mosquito bars, which we killed with great trouble.
October 18.— 1 visited the islets of Jiqui, Alonso, Los Negros, and Bejuoo 1st On
this day we killed seven turkeys and one Indian rat ( jutia) for our maintenance,
because we had lost what we had with us on account of a storm. Wespent the night
on the islet of Bejuco, being followed again by crocodiles, with which we bad an
encounter lasting two hours, succeeding after killing two in dispersing them.' The
guide, Luis €k>nzalez, was wounded and bruised, as well as Pol<mio Miranda.
There are some human remains on this islet, it having been one of the Caban
camps during the last war.
Odober 19.—\mi to the islets Punta del Sinti, Pkdma Amarilla, Cuchilla Sola, and
La Jutia. This day we killed nine crocodiles, from 5 to 6 feet in length. Oar food
consisted of turkey and fish and we spent the night on the last islet, where, by resflon
of being near the lake of Teeoro and many crocodiles infesting it, it was impossible
for us to rest, as it was necessary to be on the lookout On the islet Punta de 1^4
already mentioned, there exists a mineral spring within a rock, around which there
are still some Cuban camps. The temperature is very agreeable on this islet, the
nights being cold.
October to. — On the morning of this day I visited the islets of El Agustin, Los Vol-
untarios, El Lazo, Lojita, and Retomo, where we spent the night During the day
we killed 7 white heron, 1 turkey and 1 mud turtle. We slept in a stockade of
palms, a defense which it is customary to make in order to avoid the attack of the
crocodiles which prowled about during the night At daybreak we were surroonded
by a large number of crocodiles; our position being somewhat difficult, we succeeded
in killing 4 crocodiles, using all our ammunition, and therefore by the use of oor
machetes and ganotes we were able to reach some trees and through their branches
^ _ 1 The Caiman or American crocodile is very large and oo'ingeoui.
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APPENDIX X. 659
we trav^ed a distance of 45 feet^ where, now out of danger, I determined to proceed,
BB will be related.
October tl, — ^Lack of food on account of having nsed our ammunition in defense
against the crocodiles. We decided to return in order to secure provisions. The dis-
tance from the islet of Retomo to the town is 3 leagues, \\ being swamp. Arriving
with difficulty at Jaguey at 11 o'clock, and after getting supplies, again at 2 in the
afternoon set out and arrived at islet of Lomar de los Voluntaries at 6 in the even-
ing. Slept there. Some graves of Cubans from the last war are on this islet
Odober jff .—-Visited th^ islets of Concon^, £1 Tomo, £1 Garmelo, and £1 Perico.
KiUed 3 crocodiles, 2 mud turtles, 3 birds, and 1 Indian rat on this day. Islets very
dense and difficult to penetrate on account of their marshy interior.
October jfj.— Visited the islets of Socorro. Killed 6 crocodiles, 3 wild doves, and 2
Indian rats. This islet is quite large and to reach it a difficult portion of the swamp
has to be crossed, being near to the peninsula of Zapata. Found a family at the
"joto'' of Maniadero composed of five persons. Asked the head of the ftunily named
Marcel Zacarias Morejon what the distance was from Santa Clara. He informed
me that it was about 60 leagues. When asked what chief or government he recog-
nized he answered ' ' none. ' * That in those places everyone governed himself. Their
food consisted of honey, Indian rats, meal, pumpkins, and some venison and coffee
sweetened with said honey. The venison with much difficulty he caught with traps.
Many mosquitoes and insects on this peninsula.
October t4' — ^At daybreak on this day started again for the swamp and visited the
islets of £1 Campamento and £1 Alerta. Rained all day. Killed 2 crocodiles and 1
flamingo. Slept with wet clothing and tormented with mosquitoes. Our hammocks
were swung 3 yards above the ground on the banks of the brook £1 Contrero, whose
limpid waters rejoiced our spirits and in which are many fish.
October -^S. — Visited this day the islets of £1 £squirel and £1 Contrero. Rains all
day. Crossed several creeks which rise on the coast and empty into the swamp.
Lost the way by reason of the darkness of the day. and were obliged to camp in the
center of the forest, where, after remaining two hours, it was impossible to support
the pest of insects. Were obliged to enter the swamp and camp in some palma We
passed a very bad night on account of our position, the pest of insects, and the great
darkness, the rains continuing at intervals throughout the night Wet clothing
caused the illness of the guide, Luis CJonzalez. While asleep in a palm the guide
Miranda fell into the water, suffering a blow on the side and the consequent fright,
but with the greatest rapidity succeeded in regaining his former place. At daybreak
the guide Cronzalez continuing ill, he was obliged to turn back, we accompanying
him to a safe place, and thus I was left alone with Miranda.
October £6. — Visited the islets of £1 Guanal and £1 Dagame. Rains continued,
making traveling almost impossible. Seven crocodiles were killed and 4 partridges,
catching also 4 * ' guabinas. ' ' Spent the night on the islet of Dagame, tormented with
insects.
October 187, — Visited the islets of £1 Toro and £1 Jucaral. This day was one of
much rain and wind. Killed 9 *^yaguasaSy** 1 ^^garcilotet*^ 6 parrots, and caught 3
**majuaries^^ (Ash), passing the night on the last-mentioned islet
October £8, — Visited the islets of Los Pajaros and Martin Popito, the latter being
so named on account of having been the camp of said chief in the insurrection and
on account of his having been taken prisoner on the same. Previously this islet was
known by the name of Los Voluntaries. Rains still continued. Killed 3 crocodiles
and 13 ^^yaguoBOB.^* By reason of the high winds we spent a pleasant night, there
being no insects.
Visited at daybreak the islet Voluntaries, which has a laige area. Rained all day,
with high winds impeding our progress. Killed two Indian rats and three *'yagu-
(UOB.*^ Camped on the banks of the £8quivel River.
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660 BEPOBT ON THE GEK8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
October ^a^Vimted the ideta of TembUdores and £1 Cangre. Rood difficult on
account of having to croas a laige portion of the swamp through thick grass or weeds,
and, our hunting ammunition having given out, we spent the night without food.
October SI. — Visited the islets of Vigia de Socorro and £1 Angnstia. lUin and
aometimee a hot sun. Camped on the banks of Ninao Greek, swinging our ham-
mocks 3 yards above the gromid and passing a terrible night
November i.— Decided to go out of the swamp, on account <^ the lack of provisions.
On the way visited the islet of Laiigo, which is of great importance for its woods and
proximity to the coast The crossing of this portion of the swamp, called Blan-
quizal, is very dangerous by reason of the many covered holes, which render it dan-
gerous for a person to go without a oompanioa to give assistance. Arrived in town
at 9 o'clock in the morning.
November jf.— At daybreak left for Damuji, which islet 1 had reached at 6 o*ck>ck
the previous evening, having left town at 12 o'clock after getting supplies. This
i^t is quite small and contains the remains of Cuban camps. Spent a bad night on
account of the insects.
November 5.— Left in the morning for the islets of Palisada Grande and Palisada
Chica. This pait of the swamp is difficult to cross, being covered with high grasses,
and were obliged to set fire to the same in order to be able to continue our mardi.
Killed 1 crocodile and caught 4 fish (mc^uaTies)^ and sp^it the night in mangrove
trees.
November 4. — ^Went over the islets of Majuari and El Pacifioo. Rainy day. Killed
a number of crocodiles and 2 Indian rats. There are several Cuban camps on these
islets. Spent the night on this islet, intending to visit the next morning the penin-
sula of Zapata. Our food consisted of boiled Indian rats and coffee, which is very
necessary in this swamp on account of its strengthening qualities.
November 6. — Visited the brooks £1 Contero and £1 Salchicha. Tbeee brooks
abound in fish and contain many mangrove trees. Killed the largest crocodile yet
encountered. We cut him open^to secure his &t, which is of great medicinal value.
November 6, — In the morning visited the islets of Las Auras and afterwards £1 Ojo
de Agua. The latter spring has a circumference of 30 meters and a depth of four
yards. It is situated on a rock and abounds with fish. Its waters are salty, and we
were obliged to shorten our stay on account of not being able to quench our thirst
We found fresh water on a small islet where we camped. We were near the
peninsula of Zapata. The night was unpleasant on account of the insecta
November 7. — Visited the brooks £1 £squivel and £1 Ninso. These brooks rise on
the coast and empty in the center of the swamp. They contain many crocodiles.
We continued our march, being desirous of getting on limd and entering the penin-
sula of Zapata. Landed there at 12 o'clock, although with some difiiculty, on
account of having the first guide, Miranda, sick, but very happy alter suffering so
many days of continuous torment and exposure. After taking a rest and some
coffee we continued, at 2 in the afternoon, toward Santa Teresa, where we arrived
at 6 o'clock, finding the first inhabitants of those regions. This was a widow, who
had lost her husband in the war; she had four sons. Upon being asked her name
she told me that it was Evarista Torres, widow of Agustin Arecilna, and informed
me that her children had never received any education, there being no schools
there. They did not even know thdr letters, never having seen any. They go
almost naked, and wear shoes made of crocodile skin. Their habitation is made
of tree trunks about 3 yards high, and dry branches constitute their bed. Thdr
food consists of honey, pumpkins, and the meat of wild hogs, when they catch any.
Upon being asked whether they liked the life they were living, or whether they
wished to go to town, they answered that they were he^py, having lived there all
their lives. They had lost the cattle, goats, etc., Hiey owned through the war, and
that notwithstanding all that they had suffered and their poverty, they considered
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APPENDIX X. 661
themaelvee more happy at a diitance from the world. Their hut is on the side of a
large mountain. Ledft there, after drinking scnne honey and water, all we had had,
at 7 that evening, continued to Santa Teresa, one-half league distant, arriving there
at 8 o'clock at night We found another hut with four inhabitants. Upon asking
for the head of the family a man named Jesus Bonachea appeared, a native of said
peninsula. Upon being asked whether he knew how to read and write he answwed
in the affirmative, stating that his father had sent him away from there to learn.
Upon learning we had had nothing to eat for two days he offered us all he had in his
hut, which consisted of venison, very tou^, but which to our appetite was exquisite.
He also gave us pumpkins, honey, and meal. Being tired, he gave us a com house
in which to sleep, the com serving as a pillow. Notwithstanding the insects, we
were so fatigued and worn-out that we slept profoundly.
November 8. — Rose early and set out, finding a hut in course of omiBtruction, very
large. Found several inhabitants. Upon asking for the head of the family he was
presented to me. Name, Eulogio Lobato, native of said peninsula, of the Cuban revo-
lution. Family of 4 daughters and 3 sons. He is the person, when anything occurs,
is caUed upon by the inhalMtants of that r^on to repree^it them. Lives on 400 cabal-
lerias of ground, the property of a Grerman named August Guppe, residing in Habana.
I requested some information of Mr. Lobato as to the progress of those regions, which
he gladly furnished, stating ''the war was my ruin, as of all of us, when the Spanish
troops invaded this place, forcing me to flee and hide, taking my family with me
into a mountain where they spent several months without resources." Liiformed
me that a few days before he had made a small excursion with the secretary of
General Brooke for the purpose of exploring some of that territory. Tobacco grows
very well here, the only difficulty being that the leaf is so thick. At 9 in the morn-
ing got a good breakfast and continued conversation. I asked him about the bay
and its depth and he then offered to take me over a narrow road which has existed
some years from Santa Teresa to the sea. This line was lengthened by the German
referred to, who is the owner of these lands, shipping timber by water, large vessels
being able to enter. This line to the sea is of 4 kilometers. The bay is 7 leagues
long and 3} wide at its entrance, the rivers Ondoneo de los Jalalos and Oaleta del
Rosario emptying into it. It has a beautiful beach, where there was a Spanish fort
which the inhabitants were that day pulling down and in my presence. At the
mouth of one of the rivers there is a very large rock and the inhabitants state that
under it there is a lazge iron chest filled with money placed there by pirates, and
state that this is an undoubted fact This bay is known by the name of Bahia de
Cochinos. The insurgents called it Bay of the Independence. On said bay I placed
a board with the following inscription: "The enumerator <^ the Zapata swamp, in
the province of Matanzas, number 201.'' I have also affixed this number on all the
islets that I have visited. Returned to the hut at 2 o'clock and, after some coffee,
started out for the settlement called Oaleta de la Grallina, which we were not able to
reach the same day. We camped on the side of a mountain until the next day.
November 9. — Arrived at our destination at 8 in the morning, where we visited the
islets of £1 Matias and El Oorojal, which are near the peninsula. There are some
ranches of the insurgents on the same. Killed 2 Indian rats and 8 " sevillas," on
which we lived. Rained the whole afternoon and we were obliged to kindle a fire
and dry our clothing. Set up our camp and passed a terrible night. I must state
that the mosquitoes and insects are constantly in the swamp, but that during the
rains they are much worse.
November 11. — On the morning of this day we set out along thecoast— * very ardu-
ous trip, by reason of the stones called **dientes deperro*^ (dog's teeth)— continuing
to the islets El Narcisa and £1 Nazareno. Found several huts of Ouban camps on the
same. Entering one of these huts found it occupied by a large crocodile, which we
killed, together with three smaller ones lying alongside. We shot several wild
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662 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
pigeons and parrote, which fumiflhed us food for the day. We ate hastily, as ifight
was approaching and we were obliged to provide oorselves with wood to form oar
ftockade for protection.
November If, — During the morning of this day we continued along the coast,
crossing a place called Molino, inhabited by 8 persons. Rested a short time and
took a little honey. These persons, as well as those before mentioned, live on Indian
rats, venison, fish, and honey. Left at 10 in the morning for the islets £1 Diamante
and Los Almiquenee. There are valuable woods on these islets and thousands of
Indian rats. There are some graves of Cubans on these islets. At 4 in the afternoon
began cooking our meal, which we ate at 7 and then retired.
November iJ.— Left this day for the islets of El Falmero and El Martirio. To
reach these islets it is necessary to cross a bad portion of the swamp, some parts
having to be swum over. We arrived at 11 o'clock a. m. A very hot son shone all
day, there being swarms of insects on account of the heavy rains. Killed 2 croco-
diles and 5 ^*9mUa$t** which were our nourishment Spent a bad night
November 14- — On this day visited the plantation of Jucaro Qnemado, of 1,500
caballerias area. The ground is stony and mountainous. There are all kinds of
woods. Arrived here at 10 in the morning and found one of the inhabitants in
diaige thereof. The owners live in Cienfuegoe. The person in chaige is called
Martin Castillo. He belonged to the Cuban army and went through the entire cam-
pugn. Upon being asked as to the condition of the land he stated that although it
was very rocky everything that was planted grew very well. We had a good break-
last— the only day we had had one — consisting of mud turtles, with bananas, jrucca,
and honey. At 1 o'clock we began our second march for the islets of £1 Infiemo
and El Insufrible. The former is composed of marshes and water and the second of
thick woods, very dark, and with many insects, all tending to make it difficult
of exploration. During the march through it we killed several crooodllee. At 8
o'clock we camped, surrounding ourselves with fire in order to be able to stand the
night.
November i5.— In the morning of this day we started out for the plantation c^ Sin
Bias. This plantation belongs to the state. One league before arriving at it is a
amall place where there are the graves of two brothers who belonged to the Cuban
army. One, whose name was Matoe, was a major, and the other, Bernardo, a private.
At 1 o'clock in the afternoon, after going 6 leagues through the swamp and stones,
we arrived at the first-named islet After greeting several inhabitants whom we
found there, we borrowed a boiler in which to cook our meal, not having had any-
thing to eat during this march. We spoke to the person in charge of the estate, Mr.
Isidoro Gronzalez, who informed us that the ground was bad for planting, but good
lor pasture. Upon being asked his occupation, he told me that he raised hogi
and hunted Indian rats, sending them smoked to the ward of Primera Aguada,
about 10 leagues distant He sells said animals at 50 cents each and lives on the
proceeds. He informed me that they had only 80 left; that they had lost many of
a sickness with which they were not acquainted. He informed us that we were at a
distance of 30 leagues from Jaguey Grande. We set forth at 3 in the afternoon for
the islets of El Ingeniero and El Vigia de Juan Socorro. We arrived at these isletB
at 6 in the evening. This islet is called El Ingeneiro (The Engineer) because an
engineer spent the night on it in 1889. This gentleman was called Carlos CadarBO,
and had come to lengthen the line of the railroad of Matangas to the peninsula of
Zapata. We spent the night on the last-mentioned islet
November 16. — On the morning of this day we left for the lake of Tesoro, arriving
at 1 o'clock. This lake is 4 leagues in circumference. Two rivers rise in the same,
which empty into the sea. The water is pleasant for drinking. The rivers are called
Jodones de Jabalo and Caleta del Rosario. The trip to this lake is dangerous, there
being many alligators and caimans, many of which we killed, wounding others.
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APPEITDIX X. 668
The inhabitants of the region ronnd this lake informed me that it had been visited
by the secretary of Creneral Brooke daring the month of September. It was not
poasible for this gentleman to make an excursion, not being acquainted with the
swamp. He may be a witness to my statement as to the condition of the swamp.
The secretary was accompanied on h^ excursion by the German, August Gruppey
owner of the plantation Santa Teresa. The islets are at a distance of 2 leagues
from the lake, arriving there at 6 o'clock in the evening. We then prepared our
meal, which consisted of mud turtles, our ammunition being exhausted. We spent
the night in the sierra of Nuestra Seflora Santa Barbara.
November 17, — In the morning of this day we continued our trip to the swamp
called Pomplona, which is a very arduous trip, arriving at the islets of El Plateado
and El Areledo which are not of much importance. They were inhabited during
the last war by some feunilies. We arrived at 10 in the morning without provisions,
which forced us to stop and secure some guavas. It rained all day and we arrived at
Pema Laiga at 4 in the afternoon, finding one inhabitant called Pedro Arrece,
whom after greeting we requested information as to our distance to Jaguey Grande
and the direction, because ^e guides had lost their way. We continued the march to
the plantation £1 Bosario seeking food, for we had gone two days without it and
without rest Arrived at said plantation at 6 in the evening. There are some
houses on this estate and we rested in one of them. There are also some hogs. The
head of the house came out to recdve us. The owners of the estate are Adolfo
Herrera and Nestor Santamasino. I requested some food of Mr. Herrera, which was
inmiediately furnished, with Qggs, peas, rice, and pork, sausage, wine, bread, and
coffee, besides orange preserves, and a good dgar. I wished to pay for all this, but
the money was not accepted and I was given, furthermore, provisions and some
ammunition for my rifle.
November IS, — On the morning of this day we started out to the islets of La
Gaimanera and £1 Jicasita, arriving at 11 in the morning. On these islands were sev«
eral camps of Cubans during the last war. Woods of all kinds. Many Indian rats.
Bained all day, preventing our continuing our march.
November 19, — ^We continued to the river Hanabana which is the river dividing
this province from Santa Clara. Being that day very swollen, it was impossible to
cross it-— going along its shores until we reached the islet of Fermier, at which we
arrived at 12 o'clock. Killed 5 crocodiles, some birds, and an Indian rat, which were
our food. Passed a bad night I had fever and it rained the entire night In this
place and for more than 2 leagues there are no trees but one '' ceiba," under which
we camped.
November iO, — In the morning we set out for the coast toward the estate known
by the name of Jaguasa, which before the war was used for breeding purposes.
Arrived there at 12 o'clock, where all the food we found was coffee, being obliged to
continue our march on foot and shoeless to the islet of La Siguanea, where we arrived
at 4 in the afternoon. This islet, situated on the coast, is beautiful by reason of its
immense palms, in which innumerable small parrots have their nests as well as some
species of marmots, which are very laige birds with a perfectly black plumage. We
camped at this spot at the foot of the palms and devoted ourselves to hunting parrots
for our dinner, which consisted of parrot broth, and as we were obliged to spend the
night there we prepared our tents, etc We retired at 7 o'clock.
November 21, — As on the day before we continued our march toward Jaguey
Grande, visiting the islets of Pamplona and Bibanasi Prieto, arriving at the latter at
11 in the morning, killing 5 crocodiles and some birds for our meals. After break-
W we continued to the Cocadrila de Gardo, and from this point to Jaguey Grande,
where we arrived at 8 o'clock at night, for the purpose of supplying ourselves with
shoes, for we had been^Qglm for four days, and with ammunition, coffee, tobacco,
provisions, and clothing, prepanng ourselves to return to the peninsula of Zapata on /
the following day.
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664 BEPOBT OK THE CXIfSUS OF OIJBA, 1899.
November £9.-1 left at 3 o*ck>ck in the morning with the two gmdes, Jaeobo Monke
•ad his son Joee, directly for the Zapata Penineala and from there to the islet of
Maniadoro, arriving at the swamp at 7 in the morning. It not being possible for «
to go through the grass covering it, we were obliged to bom it before ns in order to
make our way, which was through swamp until 5 in the afternoon, when we arrtred
at the islet of '' £1 Invasor/' where we camped and took off oar dotting wet by die
heavy rain, falling all day, while we ate oar meaL We kiUed 2 crooediles dining this
day in some brooks located in the miiddle of the swamp.
November iS. — As usual, in the morning of this day we oontinved oor march to the
islets of Sarchicha and Sigeaapa, this crossing being very arduous. Arrived at these
islets at 2 in the afternoon, where we only remained long enoagh to make some cof«
fee, continuing immediately, as I wished to arrive at the peninsola as soon as possi-
ble, having some places to visit
November g4'—yery early in the morning took up ike maieh, I raffming witii fever
and one of the guides with a heavy cold. Arrived at the peninsula at 10 o'clock.
Stopped a few moments to take coffee, contmoing to the farm called Maniadero. The
road was not so unpleasant, being terra firma, but had so many dog's teeth. Finally
we arrived at said estate at 5 in the afternoon. Found one ftunOy only, the head of
which, Marcelino Morejon, gave as a good dinner. Garve us a hut to sleep in
and information on the land and forests. Informed me that the former was not
giood for agricultural purpoaee, being too marshy, and that the latter were valuable,
although they had suffered much through fires.
November 26, — ^After taking coffee we oontinoed our march to the estate called
"Roble," 1 league distant, which had inhabitants before the war but none now.
Oontimied to theestate of Oasss Nuevas, where we arrived at 11 in the morning, find-
ing several families, who were enumerated. Continued, after taking coffee, toward
the estate of Quemado Grande, which was inhabited before the war. Continued to
that of Suito Tomas, which was also inhabited be^re the war, arriving there at 6 in
the evening after a day's journey of 9 leagues. Daring this mardi shot birds of
various kinds.
November f9.— In the morning left for the islets of £1 lial Tiempo and £1 Solo,
which are on the same peninsula, and where we arrived at 9 in the morning, camp-
ing to hunt, bhds being very plentiful. Afterwards continued oar march toward the
islet called '* Del Mais," where we arrived at 2 in the afternoon, and I enumerated a
family whose head, Jose Domingaex, is 90 years of age. Oontivued our march to the
islet of Santa Teresa, where I had already been on my previous excuraon, which
we were not able to reach during the day, forcing us to spend the night in the woods.
November t7. — Continued this morning toward the iiriet of Santa Teresa, arriving at
this point at 9 in the morning. The inhabitants prepared a good breakfast Alte^
wards took up our march toward Jaguey Grande, arriving at the islet of Bfi^agual at
4 in the afternoon, where we camped, interrupting our march on acoomt of its being
impossible to continue because we were tired out
November t8, — On the morning of this day when we got up to continue our march
we found that there were 4 crocodiles surrounding the stockade we had built the night
before for our defense. We dispersed them , I with my rifle and the guides with their
shotguns, killing 8, the fourth disappearing wounded, I believe. Upon the conclu-
sion hereof we continued the march toward Jaguey Grande, arriving at the edge
of the swamp at 7 in the evening, after a very heavy march, as we had not stof^sed
to rest but for a very few minutes. We camped near the edge and prepared to spend
the night there.
November t9,— In the morning we continued our march toward Jagoey Grande,
arriving at 11 in the morning at the Colonia Galdos, where we took ooftee and rested,
taking up our march again toward our destination, where we arrived at 6 in the
evening, almost without any clothing.
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APPENDIX XI. 665
In going over the peninsula of Zapata from the iarm of Maniadero to the islet of
£1 Oocodrilo, a distance of 44 leagues, I have observed the following order: From
Maniadero to the farm of Roble, 1 league; from this point to Gasas Nuevas, 4; from
Gasas Nuevas to Santo Tomas, 5; from Santo Tomas to Maiz, 4; from here to Santa
Teresa, 7; from here to Molina, 2; from Molina to Jiqni, 4; from Jiqai to Jucaro
Quemado, 4 more; from Jucaro to San Bias, 8; and from here to Oocodrilo, 11. All
these points are situated in the heart of the forests of this swamp.
The expenses for food and guides during the said periods amounted to $164.
Jaguey Grande, November 28, 1889.
SiXTO AGRABiOMTK.
APPENDIX XI.
REPORT ON THE ENUMERATION OF THE ISLETS OF THE NORTH
COAST OF THE PROVINCE OF MATANZAS, BY FRANCISCO MARI,
ENUMERATOR NO. 96.
On the 16th of October, in the morning, I started out to visit the islets belonging
to the province of Mantanaas, for the purpose of making the enumeration of the in-
habitants living thereon, as the enumerator of the same. The islets belongmg to
these waters are almost without exception terra firma, and are proper for all kinds
of works, as is shown by the provisions which the inhabitants of the same have
been furnishing the market of Cardenas for years; but this year, probably due to
the drought and to the scarcity of seed, little has been grown.
All the woods are hard woods, good for the preparation of charcoal, and even for
the building of houses. The inhabitants of Cingo Leguas live entirely isolated from
each other, probably due to the large area of this island. Almost all of these indi-
viduals devote themselves to the making of charcoal and to fishing, the latter almost
exclusively for their own maintenance, although when their catch is large they take
some of it to town and exchange it for provisions, but this is quite rare. These
people — ^men, women, and children — care absolutely nothing about their clothing.
The provisions they use for their maintenance are almost all of them adulterated.
They use no shoes of any kind. Women work as much as men in cutting timber, in
the making of charcoal, and around the house. It may be said that she is all man.
Although these individuals are not in danger in case of bad weather, on account of
the security of their houses, I must say that they are completely isolated from
doctors as well as medicines. The latter are not found at all in the islets. There is
no education at all in these islets, the people being entirely contented with their
mode of life.
The enumeration of the islets on the south side of the province was rendered more
difficult than any others, owing to the lack of water in the bay of Santa Clara, for
which reason vessels must stop at a great distance from the shores.
Day laborers are very scarce. It may be said that these individuals do not earn
more than 3 to 4 reales per day for 12 to 14 hours' work. These individuals deliver
to the owner or to the person in chaige of the yard 5 sacks of coal for $1.05, and
the latter sells it at 4 sacks for $2.25, which is the average price of this merchan-
dise on the market. About 300 cahaUos are shipped per month, equal to 1,200 sacks.
The same customs regarding shoes, clothing, and maintenance are applicable to all
the inhabitants of the islets in general, excepting the employees of the light-houses,
who, being Government employees, dress differently, and have some comforts the
others do not
The fish establishments classified on my schedules as vivaries are small, composed
of 5 or more persons who work by the piece, do not have fixed hours of work nor
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666 REPORT ON THE CEK8U8 OP CUBA, 1899.
amount, although on an average they work 6 to 7 hoore per day. llie regular
establishments, composed of 15 or more persons, work 12 hours, are exposed to
more danger than any others, because these individuals work in the water and gen-
ally at night. Their victuals are poor, and they earn 30 centavoe per day. In Cayo
Cingo Leguas there are a number of goats and hens, which can not be estimated,
because their state of procreation dates back 9 years. There is furthermore a large
saline territory belonging to the same owner of this islet, which is not beii^ worked
at the present time.
The distances from one islet to another are moderate, and may be covered in more
or less time, according to the wind and the sea, which latter influences the vesRls
very much.
The dangers and difficulties we encountered I communicated to you at the proper
time in my schedules in the first and second delivery I made to you during the
latter half of the month of October.
Although I do not remember exactly, 1 believe that the number of islets enumer-
ated by me amounted to 70, although the plan shows only 36. The data which I
gave you, together with the information I have been able to collect, cover all the
points mentioned in your letter.
I do not know whether I have fulfilled my duty in this ccmneetion.
Frakcisco Mabi, EwmMraim No. 96.
Cabdbnas, November fff, 1S99.
APPENDIX XU.
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF THE CITY OF CARDENAS, BY INSTRUCTING
ENUMERATOR NUMBER 54, MARIA NUUEZ DE VILLA VICENCIO.
Sir: From the time I had the honor of being selected by you to instruct the
municipality of Cardenas, where I had under my chaige 20 enumerators to prepare
and direct, I realized the importance of the efforts I would have to make to fulfill
my duty. You only could make me accept so thorny a position, and only the
requests of so gentlemanly a man as the Assistant Director could force me to make a
report on the work of the census in the city of Cardenas.
On the 15th of September I came to this city to attend the classes which you were
giving, and after eight days* attendance and good preparation I left for Oardenas, to
do the same work with the enumerators under my chaige. On the 31st I sent a
notice to all by means of a circular, and from the Ist of October to the 15th I gave
daily classes to the gentlemen ftnd ladies. I found it rather difficult to get the former
to attend because, after two days, they informed me that they thought themselves
well prepared; but I requested them to attend because the supervisor had thus
ordered me, and that my duty was, before all, to fulfill the orders of my chief. I
thus convinced them, and they came daily to the classes. As I had only five or six
population schedules, and as there were 20 enumerators, I could not explain to each
one, and I was obliged to make use of a large slate, on which I traced the same lines
into which the population schedules were divided, and on the other side I drew an
agricultural schedule or the school schedule, as was necessary. After inserting the
same sections, and after having given some lessons, I requested them, one by one, to
show me on the slate the different cases which might occur. The same gentlemen
who at the beginning did not wish to attend came with pleasure, and many took
notes on a piece of paper of the questions they wished me to explain, which I did
with much pleasure, being glad to see that they were disposed to obey. I only
wished to take as much weight off your shoulders as possible, and I did everything
possible to keep the enumerators of Cardenas from troubling you more than possible.
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APPENDIX xn. 667
I must also state that the regular and constant progress we have had has been due
only to the intelligence and good order yon showed in the minutest detail. The
plans you gave each of us, where the streets were indicated, street by street, prepared
the work for us in so dear a manner and so minutely that doubts were impossible.
Another factor was your promptness in answering my telegrams, of which I sent a
few, not wishing to do anything without your approval.
Among my enumerators there were three who were to enumerate the country, the
one of Guasimas, the other of Varadero, and the one of the islets. It was difficult
for me to conmiunicate my orders to these at once, but I made use of messengers and
communicated them. The enumerator of the islets is seriously ill in consequence of
the rains, because only on account of dire necessity and because there was no one
else there I was obliged to take him. This poor young man I do not believe will be
saved.
I must state that on the 15th of October I was sorry to learn that a demonstration
was in preparation against the enumerators who had come from Matanzas, of which
I was informed by some of them. I believed that the best thing to do, after serious
reflection and hearing the opinion of others, was to apply to the local authorities,
with whom we had a conference. Their prompt orders calmed the three or four who
were influencing the rest, and on the 16th all of them, without exception, began
their work, which I had the pleasure of communicating to you by telegraph.
The progress from that day has been quiet, with the exception of small incidents
with some unimportant Spaniards, the importance of which is so insignificant that
they do not deserve recounting. The enumerators of the city came every night to
my house and gave me a detailed account of the work. I revised their schedules,
made the proper corrections, and encouraged them to keep isith with you and to
comply with the daily work which the assistant director recommended. I must here
relate a fact which shows the conscientiousness of the persons under my care and
direction. The necessity of increasing the number of enumerations, and the notice
which they saw— g:iven them by I do not know who — ^to the effect that you had sus-
pended several enumerators of Matanzas for not having enumerated a sufficient num-
ber, caused great dissatisfaction, obliging me to request your presence by telegraph.
Your arrival calmed them, and the census continued witiiout any hitch.
Many cases were submitted to me of families enumerated in other places, which
cases, after being communicated to you, were favorably decided by you, always
within twelve hours. The same occurred when you, at the request of the supervisor
of Santa Clara, asked for the enumeration of the Arencibia family. Within an hour
I had procured the information from the proper enumerator and had answered what
was necessary.
The good will and the intelligence of the enumerators made my work simple.
Thus I was enabled to forward every five days a recapitulation by telegraph and the
reports of each day by mail. On such days the enumerators would assemble, and
the sum of the inhabitants, houses, estates, and animals was quickly made, and it
was possible for me to forward them to you. Only the two enumerators of the coun-
try and the one of the islets did not come punctually— <lue to their distance from
here — being put back one or two days.
As a proof of the respect they commanded, it is sufficient to state that the police
was not necessary once, and that the ladies were respected and considered on all
hands. This was the case when, in connection with the enumerator of the islets, I
personally visited all those who owned vessels in order to secure a boat
I had the pleasure of seeing you again when you came with the conmiission to
make the payments, leaving the entire personnel grateful for your kindness.
I conclude in stating that my life was running along smoothly, devoted to the care
of my parents and to the work of a school, when you called me to a new occupation
with which I was unacquainted. And I to-day am aware of the fact that the battle
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668
BEPOBT OK THX 0BN8U8 Or CUBA, 1890.
for CTittepce is a prerogative of htunamty, and that woman can and mint aapport
heiBelf, being eatisfted with mjrself, and even more eo for having aatiifted Ike n^-
vbor who honored me.
CardenM, December 14, 1899.
Mabia Nunbx db Villa vicsxcio,
Claudio Dcmaa,
^mperxitor of the Omnu of the Province of MakmzaM
APPENDIX XIU.
JCnumrration districU and enumeratom.
PROVINCE OP HABANA.
No.
Enumeration dbnricts.
En nm era. tof^
Designation.
Part of the
do....
JUDICIAL DIOTRICre: SIX.
Municipal diMriH, U<Umum,
citjof Habana
j\
F
do
F
do . ...
F
do
F
do
F
do
E
do .
A
do
J\
do . .. .
A
do
F
do
Pi
do
S<
do
8< yOranda
do
Ji
do
Ji
do
R
do
Y
do...
:...
R
do
R
do
O
do
A
do
R
do
£
do...
do
Pi
do
E
da
G
do
R
do
N
do
A
do
R a.
do
R. S. Spencer.
do
Gabriel R. Capote.
do
..do... .
Jofl6Viada.
do
Alfredo Ruis.
.do..
Gonzalo de CArdenaa.
do
Alfredo Preaas.
do
F. Argilaffos.
Manuel Romero.
....do
do .
Juan B. Acosta.
.do
Jofl6Leante.
do
Alfredo Mingnes.
.do
Alfredo Brlto Croxado.
do
Emeato Ciierro Eliglo.
.do
Gustavo M. Alberty.
Alberto Uiago y Canlenas.
Santiago Auricb y Herrem.
Mnnuel C. Cnir
do
do
do
do
Juan F. Machado y Hemandes.
. . . .do
MaUlde Rodriguez.
. . .do
Pablo M. Bsplujuea.
do
JOSOM.ACOBU.
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APPEirDiz xm.
669
EnHmeratUm dittrict$ and emtmer<dor$^^kmiinxied,
PROVIKCB OF HABANA— Continued.
EnumenUion district!.
No.
Designation.
fi5
Part of
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
JUDIHAL districts: six— continued,
the city of Habana
Costo A. Basco.
M
Francisco A. Ragusa.
Ricardo Carreras.
f>7
58
FranPagte.
L. D. Acoeta.
50
m
Jorge Luis Silverla.
Rafael de C6rdoya.
Ai
«?
Mariano R.Za7as.
68
64
Raoul Arango.
Francisco 6. Yglesias.
Ancel Gonzalez y gangully.
JoeiSariolyVamjo.
Segundo C6rvison.
Manuel J. Garcia.
65
66
67
68
m
70
Cedlio Marrero.
71
Francisco R. Laguardia.
Julio Martin y Lamy.
Pedro Pons Puente.
7?
73
74
Ansrel J. Gonsalez Rastre.
75
Manuel Andreu.
76
Enrique NApoles Fajardo.
Andres R. Nayarrete.
77
78
Jos6Leal.
79
Ricardo Ceballoa.
80
Jo06Lean4s.
81
F.Manito.
8?
Hortensia Del Monte.
83
Ernesto Jerez Varona.
84
Jos4 Ant6n y Alcali.
Ernesto Araoc.
85
86
Bra. F^rmina de CArdenas.
87
Bra. Victoria A. de Gonzales.
88
An to. Aguiar.
89
Enrique Porto y Vandrelt.
LuisLippi.
Bra. Letlcia Del Monte.
90
91
9?
Ramon de la Villa.
93
Miguel Ortiz yCarriUo.
Bra. Enriqueta Riera.
Leocadia Avilds.
94
95
96
MiguelF.de Lara.
97
Jos6M.Mdfiez.
98
Manuel de Armas.
99
Quillermo M.Opancio.
100
101
102^
103 I
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
116
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do,
..do.
..do.
I Guillermo CaniQeJa.
' Ernesto M. Barbosa.
Luis C. Dulzaides.
Joaquin Pardo Suarez.
Ram6n A. Plaseneia.
Juan P14 y Lorenzo.
Pedro Grifol.
Juan B. Acosta.
Alfredo Brito.
Francisco Lopez y Mavol.
Francisco R. P. Medialdea.
Aurelio CArdenat*.
Juan Viv6 y Cerdefia.
Bra. Dolores P. de Dominguez.
Dionisio Castro Plans.
Julian V. Sierra.
Manuel de J. Garcia.
Jos4 de Toca.
Miguel Fernandez V Garcia.
Manuel Suejnas y Robert.
Al. Franca.
Juan L. Rodriguez.
Jos6 A. P^rez.
Manuel de Armes.
Jos6 Roca y Grif61.
M. Fernandez.
Juan Pomar.
Domingo 8. Garcia.
Enrique Tnijillo.
Mariano Acosta.
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670
B£POBT ON THX OXKSUtt OF CUBA, 1899.
EmtmeraHon duiriet$ and €iMim^raCdr»— Contmodd.
PBOVmCK or HABANX-Oootlnued.
fnuinentioin dlftricta.
No.
DedcDfttkm.
lao
131
132
133
184
135
186
187
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
JUDICIAL DiiTBicn: nx— oonttniMd.
iNnidpal dithid, Hobana— OonttniMd.
Put of tb« city of Habftoa...
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Fin* part, Arroya Nayanjo . . .
Second pcirt Arroyo Naranjo .
First part Calvario
Second part Calvario
JUDICIAL DnrraicT, mabianao.
Municipal district^ Marianao.
First part of Puentes Grande. . . .
Second part of Pnentes Qrande .
Third part of Puentes Grande. . .
First part of Quemados
Second part of Qaemados
Tliird part of Quemados
First part of Cocoasolo
Second part of Cocoesolo
First partof Pocito
Second part of Pooito
Lisa
Playa
Municipal district, Bauta.
Hoyo Colorado
Baracoa, Anafe^and Coralillo .
Jofs^BntenflL
Franco deB. Ptcharda
Jacinto Chaple.
Oscar G. de lot Reyes.
Joa6 Mendes y Pi^tea.
FMerloo de la Pas y Benita.
Luiaa CaMdo de NocM>.
Joaquin H4via.
Frandsoo Polo y Dial.
Joa6 NocY^Ut.
SandaloNoraL
Sersfln de BoUyar.
Benjamin Hoiaclieck.
Eduaido PattenoiL
Aurelio de OArdenas.
Joa6 ValTerdl y Loada.
Guillermo MoUnet.
Girlos Wegener.
Jos6Marto8.
Gustavo Alfonso.
NemoGulU6.
Fianciaoo Gmve de Peralta.
Alberto Guill6.
Juan M. Lamadrld.
Bmeli6 Oarrera.
Franco Carrlllo y Cf^anell.
Jos6 Cauvadl y Topete.
Ante Morejon y Capote.
£. Goiualex Acosta.
Mariano P. VilUlon.
Franco B. Martines.
JuanPomar.
Joi^ P. Carri6n.
Manuel Romero.
Manuel F. Bolafios.
Constantino R. Zayas.
Fernando 8. Amat.
Franciaoo L. Mayol
Gonsalo Jorrin.
CastoA.Rasoo.
Gustayo Alfonso.
Julio Fabre.
Juan A. Michelena.
Luis P. de Teran.
Francisco Polo y Dias.
Do.
Jos4 Alfonso.
Miguel Rodriguez.
Emilia de Coraova.
Gustavo GavaldA.
Anto.J.Marti.
Pedro Macbado.
Joaquin Pardo Suarez.
Banasgo G. Aranda.
A. A. Martinez.
Martin Morgado.
Francisco P. Petia.
Pedro Saiuz.
Jo86 A. Yturrioa.
Carlos Quintero Ybafiez.
Antonio M» Le6n.
Manuel H. Scmabria.
Miguel Torriente.
Pedro R.Alfaro.
Carlos Martin y Cruz.
Pedro Sainz.
A.Santa Ana.
C&rlos Valdes Rosas.
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APFBmiz xm.
671
EnumertMtUm dittrkU and enumeratan — Contkiued.
PROVINCE OF HABANA— CootiDaed.
Bnumeratloo diatrictB.
No.
DeiignAtion.
Enomeratora.
196
199
aoo
201
a02
206
204
205
206
207
206
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
226
227
228
229
280
281
232
233
284
286
287
239
240
241
JUDICIAL DiaTBICT. MAKIANO— OOntillUed.
Mwmieipal dittrid, Hcnda-Continaed.
QnatAo ana San Pedro
Ponta Brara and Gannejeiaa
Ponta Brava deide Calle de YlMifios nonot el Sur
MumieipaldiiMct, El Oano.
El Cano 7 Jalmanitos
Arroyo Arenas
W^Jay
JUDICIAL DUTRICT, GUANABAOOA.
Mwiidpal diatrict, Ouanabacoa.
Bite de la ABimci6n (ciudadde Ouanabacoa)
First part de Oeste Asunci6n (riudad de Qnanabacoa)...
Second part de Oeste Asuncidn (ciudad de Ouana-
bacoa).
Este de San Francisco
Oeste de San Francisco
First part de Cruz Verde
Second part de Cms Verde
Este de Corral Falso
Oeste de Corral Falso
Cojimar
Bacuranao
Bacuranao
San Miguel de Padr6n
San Ptancisco de Paulay Pepe Antonio
Campo Florida
Municipal ditMel, Managua.
Managua (pueblo)
Domingo PJEkblo, Lechuga, y Ojo de Agua
Barreto, Masareno, Canoa, Ramos, Platano y Afiilito....
Municipal ditMd, Xegla.
First part of the first barrio
Second part of the first barrio
Third part of the first barrio
First part of the second barrio
Second part of the second barrio
First part of the third barrio
Second part of the third barrio
First part of the fourth barrio
Second part of the fburth barrio
Municipal di$trict, Santa Maria del Roaario,
Pueblo de Santa Maria del Rosario
First part of San Pedro que de al Sur de la Curretera de
la Habana 4 Ofiines.
Second part of San Pedro que de al Sur de la Curretera
de la Habana & 0<iinee.
Capote, Orillo, Cambut4, and San Antonio
JUDICIAL DISTBICT, JARUOO.
Municipal diMtrict, Jarcuo.
Pueblo Piatt, Comercio, and Cuart^l
Maceo, Qarro, Ouaicanamar, and Tablas
Puenti, Escaleria, Pertl, Arroyo Vuelto, Trinidad, Cas-
tilla, and Santa Barbara.
Bocade, Jaruco, Quanabo, Santa Ana, Cruz del Padre,
Loma Blanca, Rincon, Pefias Altas, Justiz, and Campo
Florida.
Municipal diatrict, AguacaU.
Pueblo de Aguacate ,
Zabalita
ReloJ yCompostizo
Octayio Portela.
Tomis Q. Estrada.
Qonzalo de Castroreide.
Jos6 H. Hernandez.
Adolfo F. Rodriguez,
Carlos Morales y Martin.
Fran«* Bautista.
Lutgarda Arteags.
Fian« Qorrin y Llorens.
Enrique Rodriguez.
Jos4 KBOOvedo.
Martin Rodriguez.
Miguel F. Ventura.
Quadalupe Marty.
Waldo Oonzalez.
D. Montan^r.
Jos6 Martinez.
Mariano Puig.
Jos6 A. Miyaya.
TomAs Suirez Castilla.
Oscar Ferrer.
Joaquin de la Pezuela y Oiroud.
Ramiro de los Santos.
Oonzalo del Crlsto.
Martin Sanchez.
A.V.Caneghem.
Manuel Ledo y Olivos.
T.Aguiar.
Domingo Toro.
Joa6 Manuel Blanco.
Juan F. E^uileor.
Luis G. Llorente.
Orfllio Muro y Garoia.
Bduardo Zamora.
Juan M. Pons.
Jos^Pons.
Manuel M». Rodriguez.
Joaquin M. Diaz.
Pedro Parra.
Amado Qonttles.
Franco Calder6n.
Sefiorlta M*. Antonio M. de Bolafios.
Ramon Castellanos.
Qonzalo Averhoff.
Digitized by
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672
BEPOBT OK THS 0EN8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
Enumeration (Miicls ^nd emtmeraUm — Gontuiued.
PROVINCB OP HABAMA-^OoBtfimed.
Enmnenktloii diftricts.
No.
DeaigDAtlon.
242
248
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
258
254
255
256
267
258
259
260
261
262
268
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
278
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
JUDICIAL DDTBICT, JASUOO— OO&tilllMd.
Municipal dUMd, Batnoa.
BftinoA and Santo Gnu
Garaballo
Mamey Doro and BeloJ
Municipal dUtria, Quiouai.
Paeblo de Caateuas, Armenteroa, Bainoa, Don Martin,
and Rancho Vlejo.
Municipal diMHei, Santa Onudd Norte,
Pueblo de Jabicoa, San Juan de Dios, j San Loranxo
Pueblo de Santo Cruz del Norte
Pueblo de San Antonio. Ri6 Blanco, and Urban of
Ynffenlo, Loteria.
Rural of San Antonla, Bi6 Blanco, and Ynmnlo, Carmen.
Barriofl mralla de Corredezas, Carboneraa, La Siena, San
Matias y Soledad.
Municipal dittHct.SanJote de Uu Ixnjae,
First part of cabeoera of San Joe6 de la« Laja«
First part of second part of oabecera of San Jos^ de las
Lajas.
Second part of second part of cabecera of San Joa6 de
las LaJas and Portugaiete, y Poblado Cuatro Camino.
Cortilla, and Chaves y Managuaoo
Jamaica, y Oanusa
Municipal diMtriet, Tbpaate,
Pueblo de Tapaste, San Andrte, y Poblado Cuatro
Caminos.
Barrios rurales de Santo BArbara y J&ula
JUDICIAL DISTBICT, SAK AlfTONIO DK LOS BAAOS.
Municipal district, San Antonio de loe BailUa.
First parte de norte (dty of San Antonio de los Bafios). .
Second parte de norte (city of San Antonio de los
Bafios).
First parte de sur (city of San Antonio de los Bafios) . . . .
Second parte de sur (city of San Antonio de los Bafios) . .
First parte de este (dty of San Antonio de los Bafios) . . .
Second parte de este (city of San Antonio de los Bafios) .
Chlcharo
Santo Rosa
Ouintona
Seborucal
Qovea
Monjas
Valle
Armonia
Municipal district, Alquizar.
First parte de first barrio in pueblo (Alquisar)
Second parte de first barrio in pueblo (Alquisar)
First p^te de second barrio in pueblo (Alquizar)
Second parte de second barrio in pueblo (Alquizar) . —
Este parte de Tumbadero »
Oeste parte de Tumbadero
Palenque
Guanimar
La Paz
San Andrte ,
Municipal district, Ceiba dd Agua.
Pueblo de Ceiba del A^ua ,
Capellanias La Paz, Palma Picada y Palonino
Virtudes y ChiGbarr6n
Qer6nimo Nadal.
JoadM.Roeo.
NiooUsBodilgiies.
Miguel Mateo.
Manuel Vilaret
Francisco Rooira.
Antonio Borjes.
Jos^J.Brito.
Jos^Ruiz.
Delfln Domingues.
Esteban L6pes.
A. T. Mendez Nufiez.
Byariato A. Gonzalez.
Arturo Echezarreta.
Abelardo V. A«ya.
Bemandino Fdmandes.
Sra. C6Ua de Cyrera.
Sra. Clem^itlna Gispert y Gaioia.
C&rmen S. Almeida.
Sra. Dolores Gispert Garcia.
Tito Yllera y Schmidt.
Mignel A. Porto.
F. Fernandez Cadenas.
BCarlano Porto Rlveio.
Juan A. Casanova y Valdes.
Miguel Francisco Porto.
Ramiro V. Hernandez.
Francisco F. Sanchez.
Francisco Monteio LeaL
Francisco VlTaneo.
Alfredo Y. Amoedo.
Juan M. Peres de Alderete.
Hip61ito Reyna.
An. Neguemela y Viera.
Luis Marquettl.
Hip61ito Rejna.
Ricardo Villaescusa.
Enrique MArques.
Di6niBio R. Leouona.
Alfredo Y. Amoedo.
Man J. Acevedo.
Avelino Ybatao.
Luis B. Sanchez.
Digitized by
Google
APPENDIX XIII.
673
Enumeration duftrids and enumerators — Continued.
PROVINCE OF HABANA— ConUnued.
Enumeration districts.
Designation.
Enumerators.
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, 8AK ANTONIO DB LOS BAJ^OS.
Municipal district, Ouira de Helena,
Pueblo de Giiira de Melena, norte
Pueblo de Giiira de Melena, sur ,
Jsrex
Tumbadero ,
Melena ,
Juribacoa
Gabriel
Cajio ,
Sibanacan
Municipal district, Vcreda Xueva.
Barrio Norte
Barrio Sur
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, BEJUCAL.
Municipal distrid, Bcjucal.
First barrio of the city (Bejucal)
Second barrio of the city (Bejucal)
Third barrio of the city (Bejucal)
First part of the fourth barrio of the city (Bejucal)
Second part of the fourih barrio of the city (Bejucal
and Pfedras).
J^sus Maria, Santa Barbara, Beltran, Poveda, Aguas
Verdes.and Viaj&cas.
Municipal district, Bataband.
First parte de Suigidero
Second parte de Surffidero
Third parte de Surgfdero
Fourth parte de Surgidero
Batabano ,
Mayaguano ,
San Agustin and Quintanal
Guanabo
Distrito, especial islets of the south and southwest
Municipal ditirid, Quivican.
Pueblo de Ouirican
Delicias and Arango
Jaiguan and GOiro Alarrero.
Mario Diaz y Mardrettl.
Francisco Ede H^via.
Miguel D. Rodriguez,
JO06 Ygnacio Leal.
Enrique Odriozola.
Marcelino Odriosola.
Enrique Odriozola.
Gustavo Diaz.
Marcelino Odriozola.
Pedro Sanchez Chople.
Juan Manuel Diaz.
Fran* Jener.
Lorenzo Garcia.
Max AgHero.
Placido Hernandez.
Armando Comas.
Manuel Bocanegnu
Branlio Delgado.
OctaYio Delgado.
Francisco de la Paz.
Generoso C. Marquetti.
Enrique Casuao.
Wilfredo FerrAn.
Carlos Fonseca.
Pablo M. Casuso.
Pedro Parra.
Juan Beiro.
Fran» Cris6stomo.
Manuel Coipel.
Municipal district, Santiago de las Vegas.
First parte de norte (cuidad Santiago de las Vegas) .
Second parte de norte (cuidad Santiago de las Vegas) .
Mani Oarbalosa.
„ „ . Arturo Rodrigiuei.
First parte de sur (cuidad Santiago de las V^as) 1 Ma. del C. Sva. Pelligero.
Second parie de zur (cuidad Santiago de las Vegas) ' Juan Garbalosa.
First parte de Calabazar Enriquede Le6n.
Second parte de Calabozar , Oirlos O. Gayton.
Boyeros Jos^Miklefl.
Dona Maria I Juan F. dez de Cossio.
Rlncon I Teodoro Cabrera.
Municipal district, La ScUud.
Paletas
Pledras, Chicharron, and Buenaventura
Villarreal, Gabriel, GilirodeBofligal
Municipal district, San Antonio de las Vegas.
Pueblo y Rid Blanco
Jano, and San Josii de Veitia y Concepcion
Municipal dittrict, San Fdipe.
Pueblo de San Felipe
Aguacate
24662 i'6
Ledo A. L. Navarro.
Manuel Dorta.
Gumessuido Cabrera
J 06^ Hernandez.
Andr^ Cabrera.
JoH^ V. Garcia.
Luis Peraza.
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674
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1809.
Enumtration dishricU and enumeralon — Continaed.
PROVINCE OP HABANA-Contlnaed.
Enumeration districts.
No.
Dedgnatlon.
EnnmeratorB.
880
831
832
885
836
837
838
839
340
841
842
843
844
846
846
847
848
849
850
851
862
858
854
865
856
857
858
869
860
861
862
868
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, BBJUCAL— OOnttnued.
Municipal didrid, YdadePinoi.
Nueya Oerona, y Sierra de Casas y Sierra de Caballas. ,
Santa Fe
Cuchilla Alta, Caleta Grande 7 Carboneras
JUDICIAL DurrKiCT, ot^ncn.
Municipal dittrict, QUinct.
First part of the first district of OOines y Rnbio
Second part of the first district of OQinesyCms
First part of the seoond district of Gaines
Second part of the second district of GClines
First part of the third district of GUines
Second partof the third districtof GOines y Llamarac:uas.
Fourth district of GUines
Candela Sur, Candela Norte y Goanajo
CandelaBaia.San Pedro y San Julian
Nombrede Dios ,
Municipal dittrict, OaiaUna.
Catalina Norte (Pueblo de), Lechugas, Encamacion,
Ocano y San Bias.
Pueblo de Catalina Sur, San Marcos, Alderete, San Jos6
y Combre.
Municipal didrid, Madruffo.
Este de la Pueblo ,
Oestede la Puebloy Ytabo ,
Cayajabos and Sabana de Robles ,
Concordia Ban Bias, and Majagua ,
Municipal distrid, MOma del Sur.
First part de Pueblo
Second part de Pueblo y Costa . .,
Lechugas, San Julian y Charcas.
Municipal diMHet, Nueva i\is.
First part of Pueblo Nueva Paz ....
Second part of Pueblo Nueva Pas.,
Bagaes
Pueblo de Palos ,
Rural de Palos al Norte
Rural de Paloe al Sur ,
First part of Vegas ,
Seoond part of Vegas
Municipal dittrid, San Nicoldt,
Pueblo yJobo
Paradero and Gabriel ,
Babiney, Prieto, y Caimito.
Barbudo
Municipal dittiid, Ouara,
Pueblo and Nayio
Bayamo, Ruiz, Ponce, and Costa. .
Municipal didrid, Pipian,
Pipian (town), El Jobo,Saldiyar,y Corral.
Jo06 8.A]nat
Claudio Diax.
Nardflo Oarcasea.
RafttelH.Tanea.
Maximo Femandes.
Ygnacio Pixarro.
Juan Pacheco Gomes.
Pedro Nufies y Nufies.
Francisco J. Castellanoa.
Federico Zervig&n.
Aurells Graco.
J. M* Ortega.
Carlos Figuerado.
Enrique Alyares.
RaftelL6pes.
Clara M. Pardeftas.
Antonio Galeano.
Armando Femandes.
Alberto Poio.
Marcos D. Oonialei.
Joe6 Peres.
JuanOa0t6n.
Jot6Nogaeinu
Comelio Bosquet
Bemadlno Pach6ii.
Qregoilo Venero.
Antonio M» Perdoma
Antonio M» Peulomo.
Obddlio Marrero.
Lois A« Dtehard.
Anrello Mulkay.
LulsMedel.
Antonio Blyaa.
Miguel Troya.
Rufo Lopes.
Firmlro Alfbnso.
Agustin Femandes.
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APPENDIX Xm.
675
Efnumeralion districts and enumeratora — Continued.
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS.
Enumeration districte.
Designation.
JUDICIAL DI8TBICT, MATANZAS.
Municipal district, Canati.
First partede la diatrito norte
Second partede la distrito norte y de la dlstrito sur.
Third partede la distrito norte y de la distrlto sur . .
Municipal diMrict, Ouamacaro.
First part of Limonar
Second part of Limonar
Third part of Limonar
Fourth part of Limonar
Fifth part of Limonar
Sixth part of Limonar
First part of Caobas y Canimar
Second part of Caobus y Canimar .
Sumideroy San Miguel
Guamacaro
Collseo
Municipal district, Santa Ana,
First part of the district. . .
Second part of the district.
Third part of the district. .
Fourth part of the district.
Fifth part of the district. . .
Municipal district, Maianz€U.
Part of the city of Matanzas.
do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do,
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Asylums, hospitals, and convents
First part of Seiba Mocha
Second part of Seiba Mocha y San Francisco de Paula .
Third part of Seiba Mocha y San Francisco de Paula. . ,
Yumuri
Quarto (Corral Nuevo)
First part of Cumbre y Bacunayagua
Second part of Cumbre y Bacunaygua
Quanabana
Arroyo la Vieja y Campana
Canimar y Paso Seco
Camarioca
JUDICIAL DISTBICT, CARDENAS.
Municipal district, OardenoB.
Part of city of Cardenas .
do
Enumerators.
Gonzalo 8. Hernandez.
Marcos Roig.
Francisco M. Diaz.
Asuncion Garcia.
Josd Jordan.
Aurelio Garcia.
Francisco Gonzalez.
Aurelio Garcia.
Eduardo L. Booth.
Luciano Macias.
Francisco Gonzales.
Eduardo L. Booth.
Ramon Llanos.
Antonio de Leon.
Pedro E^inosa.
Jos6 M. Espinosa.
Carlos Grima.
Solomon Escariz.
Manuel Martinez.
Genoveva Del Monte.
Ana Josefa Domenech.
Maria Fernandez y Soto.
Maria J. Herrara.
Regina Lanigan.
Maria Polio.
Maria L. Perez.
Rosario L. de Casado.
Consuelo Menendez.
Lia Andux.
Angela Hernandez.
Domingo Lamadriz.
Eduardo Garcia.
Mercedes Alfonso v Quintero.
Ambrosio Lamadriz.
Carmela Vini^ras.
Antonio Cabailero.
Enriquita Alsina.
Luis Rodrifuez y Hernandez.
Ramon G. de la Maza.
Maria R. Herdandez.
Francisco Y. Huan.
Ramon Rivero.
Maria Serrate.
Rosario L. de Casado.
Enriquita Alsina.
Maria Fernandez.
Luis Rodriguez y Hernandez.
Consuelo Menendez.
Maria Serrate.
Rosario Rodriguez.
Gabriel Villa&.
Ramon Menendez.
Pedro Borrell.
Emiliano Moreno.
Eduardo Campuzano.
Jo66 Nunez.
Bandllio Piqu6.
Pedro Y. Acevedo.
Felix Campuzano.
Kioolas Lamadriz.
Maria Beoto.
Vincente Font.
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676
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
No.
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
106
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
Enumeration districU and enumeraton.
PROVINCE OP MATANZAS-Contlnaed.
Bnumemtlon districts.
Designation.
juniciAL DDTBicr, CAEDKfAB— continoed.
MtmicipaldiMtrUi, Qmi<nMU— Continaed.
Part of city of Cardenas.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
.....do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Cant«l y OuAsimas
do ,
Vaiadero y Siguapo
Municipal district, Oatiot Rojat.
Toeca
East part of Carlos Rojas
Second part of Carlos RojaH.
Conformldad y Alcancia
West part of Carlos Rojas ...
Municipal district, Marti.
First part of Marti....
Ouamutas Marti
Second part of Marti .
Third part ot Marti..
Ouamutas
Ytabo Lacret
Motenibo
Teja
RiolaPalma
Municipal district, Maximo Gomez.
First part of Maximo Gomez
First part of Itancho del Medio . . .
Sabanilla de la Palma
A Itamisal
Second part of Ranebo del Medio .
Second part of Maximo Gomez
Third part of Maximo Gomez
Municipal district, JovfUamoi.
First part of San Jos6
Second part of San Jos^ . .
Third part of San Jo84. .. .
Fourth part of San Joe6 . .
Fifth part of San Jo86
Sixth part of San Jos^. . . .
Seventh part of San Jos6 .
First part of Aauncion
Second part of Asuncion .
Third part of Asuncion. . .
Fourth part of Asuncion .
Fifth part of Asuncion . . .
Realenzo
Municipal district, Mendn Capote.
First part of Langunilias
Second part of Langunillas
First part of Contreras
Los Cayos (The Keys), all north of Judicial district of
Cardenas.
Ennme
Manuel M. Martinea.
Jo9efa Smith.
Fredo Torret.
Maria MnJiecdeVillaWcencioTGarda.
Pablo Ochoa.
Piedad Andux.
Catalina Rodriquez.
Elvira Parraviani.
Francisco Vego y Gomez.
George G. Deetjen.**.
Anibal Duarte.
Jo86 R. Verdura.
Manuel Cardona.
LisandoSosa.
Josefa Smith.
Piedad Andux.
Manuel M. Martinex.
LisandoSosa.
Do.
Ambrosio Garcia.
Rosa Diaz AigQellea.
Luis Moynelo.
Martin Gonzalee.
Dolores Ferrers,
Nicolis Gonzales*.
Francisco Nodarae.
Rosario Ortega.
Pedro Lanisan.
Fernando Yradier.
Felina Pardomo.
Alfredo Haedo.
Vincente Lopez,
Miguel Haedo.
Enrique N. Bolafios.
Fernando Yradier.
Pablo Perez.
Juan M. Ja^rs.
J.Otero.
Jos6 Paiencuela.
Octavio Barrelo.
Marcos Andred.
N.Lamadris.
JO06 V. Pareniuela.
Ramiro Gispert.
J. M. Ximeno.
Manuel M. Domenech.
Antonio Sotolongo.
J. M. Ximeno.
Pedro Magrifia.
Antonio Sotolongo.
Adela del Pino.
Caridad Prado.
Do.
Miguel Carratali.
Manuel M. Domenech.
Pedro Magriiia.
Antolin Mendez.
Adolfo Gonzales.
Julian Escalona.
Francisca Mart.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AFPEKDIX Xm.
677
Enumeraiion districts and enumerators— Continued.
PEOVINCB OF HATANZAS-Continued.
Enmneration district
Designation.
Enmneraton.
JX7DICX4L DIBTBICT, ALACRAXn.
Municipal district, Alacranes.
First part of Estante
First part of Alacranes (east)
Second part of Alacranes (west) .
Third part of Alacranes (east) ...
Second part of Estante
Third part of Estante ,
Fourth part of Alacranes (wetit) .
Fifth pcut of Alacranes (east)
Galeoncito
Municipal di^rict, BoUmdron.
First part of Bolondron
Second part of Bolondron
Third part of Bolondron
First part of oaira
Second part of Gtiira
First part of Tienda Nueva y Gonzalo
Second part of Tienda Nueva y Gonzalo . . .
Third part of Tienda Nueva y Gonzalo
Fourth part of Tienda Nueva y Gonzalo . . .
Las Piearas y Manuel Alvarez
Lucia
Galeon
Municipal districi, Cabezan.
Fiist part of Cabezas . . .
Second part of Cabezas.
Magdalena
BIja
Vieja Bermeja
Lima
Municipal district. Union de Keyeg.
First part of Yglesia (urban)
Second part of Yglesia (urban) .
Third part of Yglesia (urban ) . . .
Fourth part of Yglesia (urban ) . ,
Fifth part of Yglesia ( rural )
Sixth part of Yglesia ( nmil ) . . . .
Seventh part of Yglesia (rural)
Pueblo Kuevo
Municipal district, SabaniUa.
Sabanilla
Rio de Auras .
Palma
Canimar
Mondejar
JT7DICIAL DISTRICT, COLON.
Municipal district, CoUm.
Part of city of Colon
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Calimeta
First part of Amarillas
Second part of Amarillas
Municipal district, Cucvitas.
First part of Pueblo de Cuevltas
Second part of Pueblo de Cuevitas.
Urstpartof Venturilla
Second part of Venturilla
Jabaco
Adento
Juan Jofl6 de Leon.
Dolores Junco.
Kosario de Fuentes.
Arturo Rivas.
Leanardo J. Figueroa.
Arturo Rivas.
Emilia Rodriguez Lara.
Juan Qnintana.
LazaroBango.
Carlos Herrara y Artilea.
Maria T. Olano.
CeliaTarafa.
Caridad Llima.
America Hernandez.
J. Magier Tarafa.
Carlos Herrara y Artilea.
Celia Tarafa.
America Hernandez.
Perez Diaz.
Jo86 M. Guedes.
Juan 8. Diaz y Hernandez.
Eloisa Garcia y Bolano.
Francisco Suarez.
Eladio Guzman.
Francisco Suarez.
Eldemiro Gonzales Ramos.
Justo Penlchet.
Pedro Lamadriz.
Clarisa Roig.
Sofia Blanco.
Pedro Lamadriz.
Jos^ Nufioz.
Antonio Margue.
Jos^ Nufioz.
Gabriel M. Quesada.
Etelyina Sanchez.
Antonio Martel.
Enrique Astolfl.
YgnacioS.Qulros.
Marcos Espinosa.
Julian F. Ramero.
Otilia Miravet
Rita Garcia.
M. Marquette.
Fermin Aguirre.
Manuel Michelena.
Aurelio Lugo.
Victor de Armas.
Aurelio Andreas.
Angel Baluja.
Aurelio Lugo.
Matilde M. Fangul.
Mateo Fernandez y Torres.
Jos6 R. Benavidas.
Jo86 Menendez.
Ricardo Peres.
Bam6n Qoniales.
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678
BEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Enumeration districts and enumeratorS'-Conimued,
PROVINCE OF MATANZAS-Continued.
Ennmeiatlon districts.
No.
Designation.
Enumemtocs.
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
196
199
200
201
202
203
2(M
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
282
283
284
285
236
287
238
289
JUDICIAL DismucT, COLON— <x>ntinaed.
Municipal dittrid, MacagwL
Arabos
Macagua
First part of San Pedro de Mayab6n
Second part of San Pedro de Mayab6n
Monte j
Municipal district, Macuriges.
First part of Ck>rral Falso
Second part of Corral Falso .
Third part of Corral Falso. ..
Fourth part of Corral Falso .
Ciego
PuntaBrava
Rio Blanco
Platanal
Batalla
Navajas
Tramojos
First part of Linche
Second part of Linche
Claudio
Municipal district, PalmiUas.
Part of Manguito
do
do
do
Part of Jacan
do
do
Part of Cumanayagua. .
do
SabanlUa de Ouareiras .
Part of PamiUas
do
Municipal district, Perico.
First part, south
Second part, north
Third part, north
First part of Altamisal . . .
Second part of Altamisal.
Municipal district, Rogue.
Part of CoablUas
Qunitana y Tomeg^n ,
First part of the pueblo . . . .
Second part of the pueblo.
Quamajales
Part of MoetaclUa
....do
Part of Coabillas
Municipal district, San Jost de loa Ramos.
Part of San Jos6 de los Ramos
do
Part of San Jos6 de los Ramos y part of BanagQlses.
Part of San Jos^ de loa Ramos
Part of BanagUises
do
Agttica
Part of BanagOises
Municipal district, Jagiiey Qrande.
Part of Jagttey Qrande .
do
Part of Lopez
do
Gallardo
Sintt
Ruvlra
LaCienega
Maximo Caaada.
Toribio Santurio.
Jacinto Magin.
A.Salado.
Rafael Benemelis.
Jos^ M. Ortega.
Yne« Ponce Roque.
AquUina Sanchez.
Juan F. Aloy.
Guadalupe Carrand^
Antonio J . Sanchex.
Francisco Olano.
Andres Tairero.
Domingo Ponce.
Marcos Diax.
Evaristo H. Pledro.
Juan F.Aloy.
Jos^M. Ortega.
Rogelio Roque.
Mercedes C Roosselot
Luis Felipe Cabrera y Espinosa.
Enrique Kamos.
Marcos Diaz Fernandez.
Antonio Rodriguez.
Juan Sanchez.
Luis Felipe Cabrera y Espinoaa.
Maria R. de Armas.
LuisMunL
Ysaac Cabrera.
Francisco Quian.
Luia Felipe Cabrera y Espinoaa
Mercedes Cairo.
Antonio Lima.
Pedro Ygleslas.
Ramon Bon.
Pedro Airietta.
Adolfo SUlar.
3oe6 Maynoldl.
Rosa C. Ybarra.
Brigido Amador.
Ramon Santa Marina.
Antonio Acevedo.
Job6 Maynoldi.
FirsoNunoz.
Josefa Alvarez Galvani.
Job6 p. Arburua.
Juan Alvarez Cerice.
Eduardo R. Volera.
Mercedes Ramos.
Julio Hernandez.
Joaquin Enriques.
Ramon Pingpalat
Eugenio I. Oalvaz.
Conrado Ruiz.
Alfredo M. Dally.
Conrado Ruiz.
Angel LeaL
Manuel Volta.
Rafael Jordan.
Sizto Agramonte.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX Xni.
679
Enumeration digtricts and enumerators — Continned.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO.
Bnuneratloii districts.
No.
Dedgnation.
Bntmieraton.
JtTDICIAL DUTBICr, PINAB DBL RIO.
Municipal diatrict, Pinar del Rio.
Part of the city of Pinar del Rio ,
do
do
do
do
do
Firrt part of Ysabel Maria
Second part of Ysabel Maria
First part of Sumidero
Second part of Sumidero
First part of Cabezas
Second part of Cabezas..,
First part of Fairones
Second part of Fairones
Third part of Fairones
First part of Rio Sequito
Second part of Rio Sequito
RioFeo
Guayabo
PasoViejo
First part of Oras
Second part of Ovas
First part of Marcos Vaxquez
Second part of Marcos Vazquez . .
First part of Cangre
Second part of Cangre
Third part of Cangre
SanJoa6
Mvmieipal district, Qm9olaci&n del Node.
La Palma and Rio de Pueroos
Rio Blanco and Arroya Maranjo
Vegas Nueavas
La Jagua
Berracos
Caiguanabo
San Andres
LasPaentes
Municipal district, Consolacidn del Sur.
FixBt part of Villa, Consolacidn del Sur . . . .
Second part of Villa, Cousolaci6n del Sur.
Rio Hondo
San Pablo y Camarones .
Horcones i Jos^ Mir6.
Franco Urmtia.
Angel Coloma.
Nilo Caso Luengo.
Bemando de la RIanda.
Evangelina Aymerick
Pedro Pablo Pequef&o.
Julian Rodriguez.
Alfonso Amado.
Felipe Baron.
Adolfo Menor.
Tomas Estelles.
Miguel Valdez.
Miguel Pereda.
Sixto Cruz.
Jo66 Ma. Sanchez.
Ygnacio Medrano.
Amado Baylina.
Jo66 Manuel Pequefio.
Aurelio Gravier.
Antonio Raimat.
Antonio Valdez Oil.
Enrique Tellez.
Gonzalo Jordan.
Miguel Diaz.
Jos4 Maria Nieto.
Alberto Gomez.
Enrique Sanchez.
Augusto Fomaguera.
Rafael Valle.
Julio Avendafio.
Ynez Borrego.
Juan Rueda.
Lucio Garcia.
Jorje Arrastia.
Benito Salazar.
Manuel Fernandez.
Gonzales G. Govantes.
Enrique Martinez.
Gregorio Alonso.
I Juan Carrion.
Colmenar and Hato Quemado. .
Lefia
Pilotes
Naranji and Caimitos
Santa Clara
Lajas and Caperuza
AloncoRojas
Municipal district, San Juan y Mctrtinez.
First part of San Juan
Second part of San Juan
First part of Martinez
Second part of Martinez
Galafre and Guillen
RioSeco
Arroyo Hondo
Laguniilas
First part of LuisLazo
Second part of Luis Lazo
Third part of Luis Lazo
Fourth part of LuisLazo
Municipal district, San Luis.
First part of San Luis . . . .
Second part of San Luis.
First part of Barbacoa ..
Francisco Alonso.
Ramon Maa.
Juan M. Alcalde.
Auturo Pino.
Manuel Pino.
Salvador Vald^s.
Jos6Ri08.
Gillermo Ybaflez.
Ramon Amado.
Jo86 Veytes.
Amado Cafial.
Ramon Amado.
Severo Guerra.
Carlos Sanchez.
Luis Lopez Marin.
L. L. de la Vega.
Rogelio Gonzalez y Sanguily.
Alberto Vald^s.
M6nico P. Remedies.
Jos6 Eulogio Qulntana.
Pedro Marquez Rivas.
Do.
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680
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, ISW.
EnumeraJtum districts cmd enumeralor$ — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO-Contlnoed.
Enumeration districts.
No. I
Dexigrnation.
Enumermtora.
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
108
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, PINAR DEL RIO— CODtlnued. j
Municipal di^rict, San Luij^—Coutinned.
Second part of Barbacoa ' Abelardo Cms.
RioSeco AnKel CaiiUM.
Firado Luis Felipe Dominqaez.
Banigonas Jamie Michelena.
Llanada Enrique Sanchez.
Palizadas i Daniel Padron.
Municipal di$triH, Viliaie*.
First part of San Cavetano Sabine Alandi.
Second part of San Cayetano Luis Planes.
Hosario Roaendo Guiterrez.
San Vincente Angel Quevedo.
Anc6n Piearo Viera.
Pueblo ' Ricaido Madan.
First part of Lagunade Piedra Miguel Lazaro.
Second part of lAgunade Piedra Bernardo Fernandez.
Yabal Angel Cailias.
Al bino Robustiano Cotarelo.
Santa F6 Manuel LI inas.
Cuajani .
Cay 08 de San Felipe. ,
Santo Tomas
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, OUANK.
MuniHpal diatrid, Mantua,
Mantua and Montezuelo . .
Ouayabo and LAzaro
Arroyos and Santa Yaabel.
Santa Maria and San Josd.
Cabezas and La Ceja
First part of Baja
Second part of Baja
Third part of Baja
Municipal district, Ouane.
Gnane
Paso Real and Catallna
Juan Gomez
Portalea and Feneria
Punta de la Sierra and Las Acoetas
Sabalo and Trinidad and Santa Teresa . .
Grifa
Cartes and Serranoe
First pari of Remates
Second part of Remates
Third part of Remates
Martinas
Cabo de San Antonio
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SAN CRISTOBAL.
Municipal diglHct, San CHttobal.
San Cristobal
Sltio Herrera
Minas and Rio Hondo
Mayari, first and second
First part San Cruzdelos Pinos
Second part San Cruzdelos Pinos
Municipal district, Canddaria.
Bayate, Puerto Rico, and San Juan del Norte .
San Juan de Barracones, Miracielos, and Frias
Carambola, Lomas, and Rio Hondo
Pueblo
LasMangas ,
Municipal district, Los Palacios.
Los Palacios
Macuriges
Sierra Santo Domingo and Limones
Toro and Bacumaguas
Eduardo Chirina
Ricardo Raymat.
Andres Hernandez.
Rafael Quintana.
Ricardo Fors.
Manuel Quintana.
Augusto Fon.
CelestinoP.Bnbio.
Miguel Cofifio.
Francisco Vinas.
Enrique Montoto.
Jos6 Mateo Qnlntero.
Pedro Rubio.
Luis Rubio.
Amulfo Cartaya.
Pablo Llaguno.
Franco Armenteros.
Juan Franco Pimiento.
German Garcia.
Manuel Famadas.
Daniel Perez.
Pedro Rubio.
Vincente Santo Maria.
Ventuio Gonzalez.
Gustavo SoldeTilla.
Luis Quintana.
Luis Quintana.
Alfredo VUUr.
Arturo Diaz y Diaz.
Lucas Ponsona.
Augustin Sotolongo
Ambrosio Sotolongo.
Arturo Saenz.
Gabriel Santa Cruz.
Juan Sanchez.
Francisco Goenaga.
Gillermo Goenaga.
Tomas Marrero.
Gillermo Goenaga.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX XIII.
681
Ennmeraticni districts and enumerators — Continued.
PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO— Continued.
Enumeration districts.
Designation.
Enumeratonu
jTDiciAL DISTRICT, 8AN CRISTOBAL — Continued.
MunicipQl district, Julian JHaz.
Julian Diaz and Palacios , Manuel Fernandez Fijuena.
Santa Monica and Guajiro ' Anibal Fernandez.
Herradura and C'eja de la Heiradura I Juan Valdes y Garcia.
Municipal district, San Diego de lo» Banon.
Pueblo Catalina and Arrabales , Pedro Portela.
Arroyo Colorado, Carabello, and Palacios ' Lucas Ponzoa.
Soledad, Herradura, Legna, and Guira i Aujnisto Marrero.
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, Gl'ANAJAY. |
Municipal district, (htanajay.
First part of Norte de Guanajay
Second part of Norte de Guanajay.
First part of Sur de CJuanajay
S^ond part of Sur de Guanajay
Santa Ana
San Jos6
San Francisco
Cabriales
Municipal district, Artemh'n.
Ricardo Yfiiquez.
io^ R. Hernandez.
Jo8<5 Perez Arocha.
Concepcion Crux.
Enrioue Rojas.
Aguileo Azcuy.
Miguel Munoze.
Ricardo Hernandez.
First part of Artemisa (urban) Eduardo Ygledas.
Second part of Artemisa (urban) Ricardo Triguez.
Third part of Arteml<<a (rural) Clemente Rodriguez.
Cafias R. de Villaescusa.
Puerta de la Gtiira Eduardo Llerena.
Capellamias Juan Romen.
Virtudes • j Arcadio Robert.
Dolores Jos^ Maria Santiago.
Cayajabos Venancio Valdes.
Municipal district, Bahia Honda.
Bahia Honda and Aguacato.
San Miguel and Manimani. .
Corralillo and Mulata
Municipal district, Vabanas.
Pueblo and San Mi^el
Conchita and Delicias
First Vigia, San Ramon, and Ceiba . . .
Second Vigia, San Ramon, and Ceiba.
Municipal district, Guaffotml.
Caimito
Guyabal and Bancs.
Quintana
Mnnicipal district, Marid.
First part of Mariel and Boca
Second part of Mariel and Boca
Macagual and Quiebra Hacha
Jabaco y Rayo
San Juan Bautista and Playa
Molina, Mosquitos, and Guajaybon .
Municipal district, San Diego dc Suilcz.
Pueblo. GranadiUos, Damas and Sun Bl^.
San Gabriel, C^renero, and San Jose
Manuel Gravler QuiAones.
Felix Quintana.
Carlos M.Otero.
Abelardo Marquez.
SIxto Cruz.
Juan Alfonso.
Enrique Abascol.
Pedro Garrido Fijera.
Nicolas Rodriguez.
Luis A. Valdes.
Ramon J. Garcia.
Manuel Perez.
Francisco Gonzalez.
Joe6 Rencurrel.
Daniel Compte.
Arturo Ordaz.
Pedro Casanova.
Pedro P. Quesada y Tovar.
Digitized by
Google
682
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Enumeration diMrictjf and enumerators — ConUnned.
PUERTO PRINCIPE.
Enumeration districts.
No.
Designation.
Enumeraton.
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, MORON.
Municipal district, Moron.
Parte Este do la Ciudad
Parte Ot«te de la Ci udad
First parte del barrio rural del Este
Second parte del barrio rural del Este
Third parte del barrio rural del Este ,
First parte del barrio rural del Oeste
Second parte del barrio rural del Oeste
Third parte del barrio rural del Oeste
Todo el barrio rural de Punta Alegre
First parte del barrio rural de Gaudalupe
Second parte del barrio rural de Gaudalupe
First parte del barrio rural de Chambas .-.
Second parte del barrio rural de Chambas
First parte del barrio rural de Marroquln
Second parte del barrio niral de Marroguin
First parte del barrio rural de Sandoval.
Second parte del barrio rural de Sandoval
First parte del barrio rural de Cupeyes
Second parte del barrio rural de Cuneyes
First parte del barrio rural de Santa Gertnldis
Second parte del barrio rural de Santa Gertnldis
Municipal district, Ciego de AvUa.
First parte en la Ciudad del barrio La Cabecera
Second parte en la Ciudad del barrio La Cabecera
Third parte rural de La Cabecera
First parte del barrio rural Guanales
Second parte del barrio rural Guanales
First parte del barrio rural San NIcolfta
Second parte del barrio rural San Nicolia
Parte de la Ciudad y Cayo de los Mivertos del barrio
Jilcaro
Parte rural del barrio del Jdcaro
Todo el barrio rural de La Ceiba
First parte del barrio rural LasNuevas
Second parte del barrio rural Lbs Nuevas
Todo el oarrio rural de Jicotea
Todo el barrio rural de L&zaro Lopez
Todo el barrio rural de Arroyo Blanco
Todo el barrio rural de Nuevas de JobosI
First parte del barrio rural de IguarA
Second parte del barrio rural de IguarA
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, PUKBTO P&IKdPK.
Municipal district, Nuevitas.
Todo el 1« barrio de la ciudad
Todo el 2* barrio de la ciudad
Todo el 3«» barrio de la ciudad
First parte del barrio rural de San Miguel
Second parte del barrio rural de San Miguel —
Third parte del barrio rural de San Miguel
First parte del barrio rural de Redencion
Second parte del barrio rural de RedencI6n
Third parte del barrio rural de Redenci6n
Todo el barrio rural de El Sabinal
First parte del barrio rural de El BagA
Second parte del barrio rural de El Bag&
First parte del barrio rural de El Liigarefio
Second parte del barrio rural de El Lugarefio. . .
La parte de Poblado del barrio rural El Senado.
First parte rural del barrio El Senado
Second parte (del) rural del barrio £1 Senado . .
Municipal district, Santa Crux del Sur.
Todo el casco de la poblacion
Todo el barrio de Piaya Bonlta
Todo el barrio de La Calzada
El Cayo de las Doce L^ruas
First parte del barrio rural de Buenaventura . . .
Second parte del barrio rural de Buenaventura.
First pute del barrio rural de San Pedro
Jofi^MaTidal.
Rumualdo de Varona.
Rafael Pard6 Eehemendla.
Felix Machado.
LanridoPaido.
Jesus Ma Pina.
Manuel Rule B^>eron.
GermAn Briima.
Francisco Vidal Vila.
Regino S^nrane.
Manuel BardecL
Eudoro Franch.
Juan Vasallo.
Gabriel Bardeci
Emilio Angtilo.
Emillo Sainx Schuveres.
M. A. Alvares Y.
Anto. YilaideU Tapla.
Benito Navarro.
Jo66 Perez Le6n.
Pedro Morales Perez.
inpiano Rodriguez.
Franco Sotomayo.
Carlos Baldanain y Oomes.
Juan Tozo Fabes.
Juan Flgueras.
Javier Hernandez Varona.
Jacinto VaigBS Armas.
Juan Rodriguez.
Jos^Faiinas.
Antonio Povada.
Alvaro Silvay Rivas.
Enrique Moran de la Torre.
Manuel Cortes.
Luis Casanovas.
Placido Sanchez.
Lois Medina.
Angel Vega B.
Ramon Gonzales.
Miguel Perozo.
Mario Oarcinl Silva.
Jose Garcinl.
Adolfo Silva.
Armando Labrado Canto.
Cayetano Redo y Qnesada.
Franco Miranda Betancourt.
Rafael Peron.
Noberto Primellos.
Antoliio Rodriguez Rodriguez.
Benjanin Montgo.
Natatio Peron.
Gustavo Gomez Barrios.
Raou Estrada Zayas.
Victcr Manuel Betancourt.
Antonio Guerra y Guerra.
Ullses Gosia Gomes.
J. Antonio Miranda.
Jesus Peraltat.
Gaspar Hidalgo.
Ramon Cruz la Chicot.
Jos6 Pradas Martinez.
Antonio Agullar.
Carlos Alvarez. *
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX Xin.
688
Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued.
PUERTO PRINCIPE— Continued.
Enumeration districts.
Designation.
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, PUEBTO PRINCtPK— COnttUUed.
Municipal diistrict, Santa Cruz del *Sur— Continued.
Second parte del barrio rural de San Pedro
Todo el Darrit) rural de Guaicanamar
First Parte del barrio El Junco
Second parte del barrio El Junco
Todo el Darrio rural de El Guayabal
Municipal district, Puerto Principe.
First parte del first barrio de la Ciudad
Second parte del first barrio de la Ciudad
Third i>arte del first barrio de la Ciudad
First parte del second barrio de la Ciudad
Second parte del second barrio do la Ciudad
First parte del third barrio de la Ciudad
Second parte del third barrio de la Ciudad
Third parte del third barrio de la Ciudad
Fourth parte del third barrio de la Ciudad
First parte del fourth barrio de la Ciudad
Second parte del fourth barrio de la Ciudad
Third parte del fourth barrio de la Ciudad
Fourth parte del fourth barrio do la Ciudad
First parte del fifth barrio de la Ciudad
Second parte del fifth barrio de la Ciudad
First parte del sixth barrio de la Ciudad
Second parte del sixth barrio de la Ciudad
First parte del seventh barrio de la Ciudad
Second parte del seventh barrio de la Ciudad. . .
First parte del eighth barrio de la Ciudad
Second parte del eighth barrio de la Ciudad
Todo del ninth barrio de la Ciudad
First parte del barrio de Ca'^corro (rural)
Second parte del barrio de Ca.scorro (rural)
First parte del barrio rural de Sibanicrt
Second parte del barrio rural de Sibanicii
Todo el Darrio rural de Vista Hermosa
First parte del barrio rural de San Ger6nimo
Second parte del barrio rural de San Ger6nimo.
Third parte del barrio rural de San Ger6nimo . .
First parte del barrio rural de Yeguas
Second parte del barrio rural de Yeguas
First parte del barrio rural de Caobillas
Second parte del barrio rural de Caobillas
First parte del barrio rural de El Ouemado
Second parte del barrio rural de El Quemado. . .
First parte del barrio rural de Llmones
Second parte del barrio rural de Limones
First part« del barrio rural de Guanaja
Second parte del barrio rural de Guanaja
Third parte del barrio rural de Guanaja
Fourth parte del barrio rural de Guanaja
Fifth parte del barrio rural de Guanala
Sixth parte del barrio rural de Guanaja
First parte del barrio rural de Pueblo Nuevo ...
Second parte del barrio rural de Pueblo Nuevo .
Third parte del barrio rural de Pueblo Nuevo.. .
First parte del barrio rural de Mar^ni&n
Second parte del barrio rural de MaraguiLn
First parte del barrio rural de Guaimaro
Second parte del barrio rural de Guaimaro
Enmnerators.
Manuel Soils Arellano.
Angel Guzm4n.
Alfredo Caballero.
Joaquin Hidalgo.
Macedonia Varona Agramonte.
Angela Guerra.
Gabriel Barrera.
Graclano Balencourt Castillo.
Ramon Angela de Xlques.
Manuel Pradas.
Maria Teresa Guerra.
Alonso Martinez.
Rolando Ramos y Ronquillo.
Francisco Pichardo Moya.
Antonia J. de Moya.
Ernesto Mola Castillo.
Eugenio Loret de Mola.
Enriqne Boza.
Manuel Breton.
Antonio Roias Castellanos.
Jos6 Ygnacfo Reslo Lovuaz.
Greffonio Hernandez Riveron.
Emillo Torres Sariol.
Angel Yergo Gomez.
Enrique Loret de Mola.
Emma Rojas de Caballero.
Porfisio Batista Verona.
Jos6 Fernandez Cabrera.
Virgllio Fuentes,
Filberto Pichardo.
Rogerio Zayas Bazan.
Arturo Guzman.
Rogerio Freyre Arango.
Federico Naranjo.
Ramon Alvarez Cespedes.
Gonzales Agosto.
Pascual Cebrian.
Antonio Naranio.
Octavio Oquendo.
Armando Perez Ramos.
Francisco Lastre.
Serafin Pastrana.
Rodolf o Ballaga.
Emilio Codo.
Manuel Alvinzuri Lopez.
Miguel Agramonte.
Job6 R. Peralta.
Juan Larrauri Porro.
Eduardo de Varona.
Jos6 Acoeta.
Miguel Agramonte Estrada.
Manuel Alvinzuri Lopez.
Ramon A. Rodrlgues.
Jo86 Prades Martinez.
Raul Arteaga Socarras.
Ramlro Ceballero Benevldes.
Emilio Cordero.
Third parte del barrio rural de Guaimaro.
Fourth parte del barrio rural de Guaimaro i Francisco Agilero.
First parte del barrio rural de Contramaestre Ramon AgUero.
Second parte del barrio rural de Contramaestre Miguel Cabrera Porro.
Third parte del barrio rural de Contramaestre Aliplo Zayas Urra.
First parte del barrio rural de La Yaba Plo Otero.
Second parte del barrio rural de La Yaba [ Luis 8. Otero Codo.
First parte del barrio rural de El Ecuador Luis Cordova 811 va.
Second parte del barrio rural de El Ecuador Alberto R. Varona,
Third parte del barrio rural de El Ecuador Pablo Ronquillo.
First parte del barrio rural de Minas (Poblado) \ Francisco Cosio.
Second parte del barrio rural de Minas (Poblado).
First parte del barrio rural de Magabomba .
Second parte del barrio rural dt Magabombe
First parte del barrio rural de Altagracia
Second parte del barrio rural de Altagracia. ,
Cayetano Guerra.
Angel Diaz.
Manuel Agustin Areu.
Hemani Miranda.
Alberto Guzman Arango.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
684
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Enumeration disarids and enumeratorB—^ntixmed.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
Enumeration districts.
No.
Designation.
Ennmecaton.
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SANTA CLARA.
Municipal district, Sania dam.
City of Santa Clara
do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do:
....do
....do
....do
City of Santa Clara (institutions) .
City of Santa Clara
do
First part of Egidos
Second part of Egldos
First part of San Gil
Second part of San Gil
Third part of San Gil
Fourth part of San Gil
First part of La Cniz
Second part of La Cruz
First part of Selbabo
25 I Second part of Seibabo
26 First part of Provincial
27 Second part of Provincial
28 , First part of Baei
29 ' Second part of Baez
80 First part of Manicaragua
81 ' Second part of Manicaragua
Municipal diMrid, Esptranza.
82
83 I
84 '
85 '
86 ,
87
88 !
89 I
40
41
City of Esperanza, north
City of Esperanza, south
Asiento Vieio
First part of Nuevas
Second part of Nuevas
First part of San Vincente
Second part of San Vincente .
Jabonillar
San Jos6
Purial
Municipal dittrid, Calabazar.
42 First part of Encrucijada
43 Second part of Encrucijada .
44 Paso Real
45 First part of Santo
46 Second part of Santo
47 I First part of Centro
48 Second part of Centro
49 , Third part of Centro
50 ' First part of Viana
51 Second part of Viana
64
Sitio Grande.
Mala y Barro .
Municipal dittrid, Kanchuelo.
First part of first distrito (Ranchuelo)
Second part of first distrito (Ranchuelo)
Second distrito (Ranchuelo) ,
First part of Pozade la China ,
Second part of Poza de la China
SlUoVleJo ,
Municipal distrid, San Diego del VaUe.
Centro
Centro (rural), first part
Centro (rural), second part ,
Yabd... .: !T7.
Sitio Nuevo
Flora Jimenez.
Maria Beldarrain.
Manuela Chavez.
America Christo Cordova
Isabel Paredes.
Angeleica Anida y Grafio.
Rita Blanco Edwarria.
Clotilde Silve y Lopez.
Milagro Casanova Guerra.
Dolores Linares.
Jos^ D. Hernandez y Femande
Felipe Gonzalez Tellez.
Joseia Mendoza v Silva.
Ulpiana Groso Fleytes.
Emilio Silva y Dominguez.
Cristobal de Zayas Bazan.
Rogelio Barata y Godoj*.
J. Anto. Pedazo y Rodriguez.
Rafael Mechado Mesa.
Pablo Morales Valdes.
Leandro A. Contreras.
Francisco Martinez.
Nestor Fernandez.
Tomas Gomez Parets.
Rafael Perez Urquijo.
J.B.CarrerasOaLs.
Nestor Fernandez.
Luis Anoceto y Perez.
Gerado Gonziuez Junco.
Enrique Pequdo Alvarez.
Seraplo Oliva Garzazana.
Maria AlomA Valdes.
Maria Luz Machado.
Mateo Diaz Rojas.
Juan B.Jimenez.
Emilio Jimenez.
Antonio Jimenez y JimenaL
Alberto J. Jiminez.
Alberto J. Jiminez.
M&riaRuiz.
Amelio Diaz Navano.
Emilio Loret de Mela.
Pedro O.Abreu.
Rafael Perez Pedroeo.
Jos^ de Serpa y de Clouet.
Jos^deLGll.
Alejandro Moixo y CenteiOw
Federico Jova.
TomAs Velasco y Gomez.
Juan B. Martini.
Antonio R. Ruiz.
Federico Jova.
Domingo Perez.
Jos6 Luis Machin.
Luis Campillo y Rlveio.
Bias Espinosa.
Francisco Yero y Silva.
Pedro Gattomo Vila.
Ricalrdo Machin y Linaree.
Adela Gonzalez y Lima.
Juan Linares.
Eugenio Ledron Uribe.
Evaristo Martinez Pedroeo
Heiiberto Hernandez.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX Xni.
685
Enumeration districta and enumerators— ConUmjed,
PROVINCE OP 8ANTA CLARA— Continued.
Enumeration districts.
No.
Designation.
Enumerators.
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SANTA CLARA— Continued.
Municipal district, San Diego del Va/Z^-Contlnued.
Maguaraya Abalo y Arriba, first port
Magiiaraya Abajo y Arriba, second part .
w . Hatillo
68 Mango
69 Jicotea
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
^ I
91
92 I
93 '
94
95
96
97
96
99 I
100
101
102 I
103
IW ,
106
106
10^1
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
128
124
12S
126
127
128
129
180
181
Municipal district, San Juan de las Yeras.
Pirstpartof Potrerillo
Second part of Potrerillo
Aguas Bonitas
Bemia
Quemado Hilario
Ouayo
PIrst district in the town, pueblo.
Pirst district, rural
Second district, rural
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, CIKNFUEQ08.
Municipal district, Cienfuegos,
Pirst part city of CienfuMjos
Second part city of Cienfuegos
Third part city of Cienfuegos ,
Fourth part city of Cienfuegos
Pirst part of lifth part of city of Cienfuegos
Second part of fifth part of city of Cienfuegos
Sixth part city of Cienfuegos
Seventh part city of Cienfuegos
Eighth part city of Cienfuegos
Ninth piart city of Cienfuegos
Tenth part city of Cienfuegos
Eleventh part city of Cienfuegos
Twelfth part city of Cienfuegos
Thirteenth part city of Cienfuegos
Fourteenth part city of Cienfuegos
First part offifteenth part of city of Cienfuegos
Sixteenth part city of Cienfuegos
Seventeenth part city of Cienfuegos
First part of eighteenth part of city of Cienfuegos
Second part of eighteenth part of city of Cienfuegos.
Nineteenth part city of Cienfuegos
Twentieth part city of Cienfuegos
Pirst part oi Caunao
Second part of Caunao
Third part of Caunao
Rimirez
Manacas
Keys.
First part of Yaguaramas
Second part of Yaguaramas
Third part of Yaguaramas
Fourth part of Yaguaramas
Caimanera
First part of Cielo de Jagua
Second part of Cielo de Jagua
First part of Aquada de Pasageros
Second part of Aquada de Pasageros ...
Third part of Aquada de Pasageros
Fourth part of Aquada de Pasageros ...
Fifth part of Aquada de Pasageros
Sixth part of Aquada de Pasageros
Seventh part of Aquada de Pasageros . .
Eighth part of Aquada de Pasageros ...
Ninth part of Aquada de Pasageros
Tenth part of Aouada de Pasageros
Eleventh part of Aquada de Pasageros.
Twelfth part of Aquada de Pasageros. .
First partof Arimao
Second part of Arimao
Auras
La Sierra
Pirst part of Cumanayagua
Second part of Cumanayagua
Antonio Bello y Martinez.
Heriberto Hernandez y Hernandez.
Pedro J. Diaz y Sota.
Jos^ M. Migueis.
Eugenio Ledon Urlbe.
Eladio Cepero Hernandez.
Candido Becarra y Puentes.
Rafael Perez Pedroso.
Domingo Mendibouse y Llibre.
Pedro Gonzalez Gomez.
Leandro Anchia Contreras.
Luis Gonzalez.
Antonio Gonzalez Garl.
Aguada Valdes Aday.
Julio Garcia.
Pedro N. Agttero.
Fed Barrios.
Ernesto M. Agirre.
Juan Pablo Rousseau.
Julio Garcia.
Pedro Rivera.
Rosalia Castinezra.
Carmen Coll.
I Juan Monzon Aguirre.
! Flora Dortic6s.
Josefa PIna Vda Sanchez.
Blanca Vilaseca.
Maria Teresa Gallart.
' Amiana Garcia.
Flora A. Ramos.
, Prlmitivo Portal.
I Georgiana Paniagda .
y Mario Montero Baldarrain.
Fed Barrios.
I Emi Ho Alvarez Ballagas.
Leonidas Vincente Lombida.
I Enrique Gomez.
I Antonio G. Abreu.
Pedro N. Aguero.
Jos^ Antonio Latorre.
I Nestor Lara.
1 Pedro Parro.
! Pedro Nunez.
' Virglllo Lugo Vifia.
1 Luis Gomez.
I Julio D. Argti611aj?.
Benito B. PIche.
Prlmitivo Lopez y Alvarez.
Pedro N. Aguero.
Luis Echemendia.
Marchos Pino.
Juan B. Jiminez.
Nicanor Cantero 6 Yzuaga.
Fidel Denis.
Wo Lust.
Augustin G. E. Cardoso.
Jos6 Ramon P. Cueto.
Frederico Zamora.
I Jos6 Yglesias.
. j Cristobal de Zayas Bazan.
Federico Zavas.
Antonio Befdarrain.
Lorenzo Dupony.
Adolfo Diaz.
Eduardo Benet.
Lorenzo Velshes.
Juan Yrazragorr^.
Digitized by
Google
686
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
No.
Enumeration districts and enumerators — Contmued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLABA-Contlnued
Enumeration dlslrlcta..
Designation.
EnumeratoTB.
182
133
184
136
186
137
138
189
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
160
161
162
168
164
166
166
167
168
159
160
161
162
168
164
166
166
167
168
170
171
172
178
174
176
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
188
184
185
JUDICIAL DlffTBICT, CIKN FT EOOft— continued.
Municipal district, CV^uepo^— Continued.
Mandinga
Ojode Agua ,
Calabozar
Caliidto
Las Charcafl
Oavilan y Oavilancito.
Jicotea
Municipal district, San Frmando.
Ricardo Abren.
Joaquin Rodriguez del Rey.
Juan B. Garcia Hernandez.
Tomas Pichoe.
Gumersuido Rangel.
Felix Gonzalez.
Antonio Montcvaro.
First and second distritoe in Pueblo, Ban Fernando Gumersuido Carrera.
Paradero Diego Mill4n Puertas,
Ciego Alonso Jo80 Garcia Cordoves.
Escarza Andr^ Garcia.
Lomas Grandes ' Joaquin Capcstany Aguila.
Municipal di^rid, Cartagena.
Agustin Villaffee.
Cartagena (urban) _
First part Cartagena (rural) Manuel Portela.
Second Dart Ceurtagena (rural) ■ Justo Lopez.
Ciego Montero Ricardo AlvArez.
Soledad
Santiago
Cascalal (urban)
Cascajal (rural) .
Arriete
Municipal district, Oruccs.
Fint part of north district, Cruces
Second part of first part of north district, Cruces .
Third part of first part of north district, Cruces. . .
South district, Cruces
Montefirme
Mai Tiempo, first part
Mai Tiempo, second part
LaViJa
Instituciones in Cruces y Lajas
Municipal dittrict, Abreus.
Flntpartof Abreus
Second part of Abreus
Third part of Abreus
Fourth part of Abreus
Instituclones para Plantaciones .
Municipal district, Palmira.
Tint part, Palmira . . .
Second part. Palmira.
Third part, Palmira . .
First part, Arango
Seoond part, Arango .
Municipal district, Rodas.
Flirt part of Cabecera (Rodas) . . . .
Second part of Cabecera (Rodas) .
Third part of Cabecera (Rodas) . . .
First part of Limones
Second part of Limones
First part of Congojas
Second part of Congojas
Jabacoa
Medldas
Municipal district, Santa Vsabel de las Lajas.
Firrtpartof Centro...,
Second part of Centro,
Third part of Centro..
Fourth part of Centro.
Salto
Armando Reye
Ramon Ovieao.
Maria L. Guml.
Ant* Gonzalez.
Justo Lopez.
Agtirtin Breton Capiro.
Eulogio Estrada y Gonzalez.
Federico Layas Sta. Cruz.
Eulogio Estrada y Gonzalez.
Miguel Gomez Ruiz.
Dionisio J. Yrarroeorra.
Fernando Machaao.
Fernando Machado Meza.
Salvador Sanjuan y CasteU6n.
Juan N. Guerrero.
Aurelio Aulet.
Marcos Pino.
Manuel del Castillo.
Fidel Denis.
Agustin G. Entenza Cardosa.
Francisco Alfonso Hurtado.
Roscndo Gallardo Ramirez.
Juan Hernandez Castineira.
Leopoldo Machado Mauero.
Antonio J. G. Pefiate.
Jos^ M. Avellaneda.
Jos^R.P.Cueto.
Agustin de Rojas y Sanchez.
Ram6n A. Garcia.
Landelina Cortes y de Lara.
R. J. Alfonso.
Diego M. Puertaa.
Manuel L. Curlello.
Mercedes A. Alfonso.
Angelica P. Alpizar.
Joaquin L. Legorburo.
Evaristo G. Aguila.
Tom&sV.Bojas.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX xm.
687
EmimeraJtwn districts and enumeralors — Continued.
PROVINCB OF SANTA CLARA— Continued.
Enumeration districts.
Designation.
JUDICIAL DiBTRicT, cisNTUBooe— Continued.
Municipal district, Sarda Ytabel de Uu Xq/d«— Cont'd.
Terry
Salaao y Santa Rosa
Nuevas
JX7DICIAL DI8TKICT, 8AOX7A UL ORAXDE.
Municipal district, Sagua la Qrande,
Flrrtparl
Second pi
Third pai
Fourth pi
Fifth par
Sixth pai
Seventh i
First pari
Second pi
Third pai
Juxnagna
Fifth part of Sur (Ciudad.Sagtia la Grande)..
Rural part of Sagua
Ysabelk (urban)
Ysabela (rural and keys)
San Juan
Fourth ps^ of Sur (Ciudad, Sagua la Grande)
First part of Satiacito
Second part of Sitlscito
ChlnchlJa
Grande)....
la Grande).,
a Grande) ...
la Grande)..
I Grande)
I Grande) . . .
i la Grande).
rande)
I Grande)....
Grande)
Municipal district, Cijuenles.
Este (CindAd de Cifuentes)
Oeste (Ciudad de Cifuentes)
Rural portions at the east and west of Cifuentes .
Barro.
Sitio Grande.
Alacran
Axnaio
Municipal district, Ceja de Pablo.
First part of Coralillo (urban and rural) ......
Second part of Coralillo (rural)
Sabana Grande
Palma Sola
First part of Sierra Morena (urban and rural) .
Second part of Sierra Morena (rural)
Ceja de Pablo (rural)
Municipal district, Qucmado de Giiinet.
Poblftdo, first part (pueblo) (Quemado de Gfiines) ..
Poblado, second part (rural) (Quemado de Gtiines).
San Valentin (Quemado de Gtlines)
Caguaguas
Gttlnes
Zambumbia
Carahatas, first part
Carahatas, second part
PasoCavado
Municipal district, Rancho Veloz.
Flrstpartof Santa F6 (rural) ...
Second part of Santa F6 (rural).
Third part of Santa F6 (urban).
Crimea
Aguas Claras
Guarillas
Chavez
Municipal district, Santo Domingo.
Este ciudad Santo Domingo. . .
Oeste ciudad Santo Dominigo. .
Enumerators.
Leonilo Caballero.
Santiago F. Mora 7 Mora.
Emllio Jimenez.
Matilda N.Machin.
Antonio Oldriozola.
Antonio Rosales.
Clara Martinez.
Adriana Mazolo y Rojas.
Emma Chamberlain.
Do.
Francisco A. de Ovares.
Luis Gonzales y Ruiz.
J066 L. Martel.
Florencio Someillan.
Domingo Bonet.
Dario P. Medir.
Jos^ A. Hebia.
Juan F. Mesa.
Carlos Oartaya.
Antonio Rosales.
Joaquin Marti.
Carlos Cartava.
Juan F. Fernol.
Juan Bta Fernandez.
Juan M. B. Hernandez.
Pio de la B. Morejon.
Francisco A. Santos.
Manuel F. Bermudez.
Manuel A. N. Mesa.
Adolfo Arenas y Lima.
Andrte de Pefia v Varona.
Francisco E. Guillen.
Antonio Perez Alvarez.
Nanciso Dama Lopez.
Gabino P. Bacallao.
Francisco S. Navarro.
3o6& S. Estruch.
Salvador P. L. Gibert.
Pedro M. Lasarte y Ruiz.
Alfredo L. Casado.
J086 Y. Lasarte.
Antonio Gonzalez.
Miguel R. Mesa.
Tomas D. Ruiz.
Jo64 Y. Lasarte.
Juan O. Ruiz.
Jacinto Duvon.
Becis Sanchez.
Aleiandro G.de Mendoza.
Jose Fur.
J.R.Cappen.
Ramon Campuzano.
Joaquin Macnado.
Belen Quiros.
Gustavo Casanova,
Digitized by
Google
688
BEFOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
EnumercUion diMricls and aiumeraion — Continued.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA— Continued.
Enomeration districU^.
No.
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
258
254
256
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
288
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
Designation.
EnumenUofB.
JUDICIAL DUTBICT, 8AGCA LA GRANDS— Continued. I
Municipal dUtrict, Santo Dominffo-Continued,
Puerto Eacondido Ricaido MIyares.
Manacan y 8an MArcofl Rafael Mauresa y Silva.
Baracaldo, Potrerillo, y Arenas Joe^ Y. Martinez.
Jicotea, y San Bartolom6 Benito Rodriguez.
RioyCerrito Joe^ Garcia Rieni.
San Juan , Leoncio B. Nunez.
Rod rigo 1 Luis Valasco y Al meida.
Alvarez y Mordazo
Jiquiabo y Jiqul
YaDudto ,.
JUDICIAL DI9TRICT, BKMEDIOS.
Municipal dleiriet, San Juan de lot Ranediot.
FIrrt part of Ciudad Remedies a«)
Second part of Cindad Remedios (1")
Third part of Cindad Remedios (2*)
Fourth part of Ciudad RemeflioH O)
Fifth part of Ciudad Remedios (4«')
Sixth part of Ciudad Remedios
Tetuan
Bartolom^
Carolina
Guanidbes
First part of Buena Vi«ta
Second part of Buena Vista
Third part of Buena Vista
Fourth part of Buena Vista
Fifth part of Buena Vista
Ciangrejo y Remate
Municipal district, Ptaodas.
First part Ciudad de Placetas
Second part Ciudad de Plaeeta«
Third part Ciudad de Placetas
San Andr^ y Vista Hermosa
First part of Tivisial y Nazareno
Second part of Tivisial y Nazareno
Guaracabulla
Hernando y Sltlo Patrero
Nazareno
Municipal district, Caibaritn.
First part of the Villa Caibarien
Second part of the Villa Caibarien
Third part of the Villa Caibarien
Fourth part of the Villa Caibarien
Fifth part of the Vil la Caibarien
Sixth part of the Villa Caibarien
ElTaneo
Guajabana
Conuco (key)
Municipal district, (Mmajuani.
First part of Cabecera, Camajuani
Second part of Cabecera, Camajuani
Third part of Cabecera, Camajuani
Fourth part of Cabecera, Camajuani
Egidos
First partof Sabana
Second part of Sabana
First part of Santa Clarita
Second part of Santa Clarita
Salamanca
First part of G uadalupe
Second part of Guadalupe
Third part of Guadalupe
Fourjh partof Guadalupe
First part of Zulueta
Second part of Zulueta
Fernando Lera.
Casimeiro Cepero.
Enrique Valdes.
LuisHerrada.
Antonio Perdomo.
Maria de Morales Nieblas.
J.M.Jover.
Joaquin Vigil y Quintaual.
Jos^ Eacaudone.
C.Yrio.
Pompeyo P. Bonaehea.
Miguel Vigil.
Oth6n de Caturla.
Leopoldo L. Amau.
Luis M. Martin.
Pompeyo Perez Bonaehea.
Manuel Estrada.
J. M. Delegado.
Do.
Francisco A. Soriano.
Amado Gonzalez.
3o8& Nufiez Morales.
Franco Casanova.
ioB& Garcia.
Franco Casanova.
Augustin G. Farran.
Fernando Cruz Pina
DelfinOoco.
Francisco P. Falf e.
Ricardo Patifio.
Rafael y Escobar Laredo.
Aneel de Leon.
Julio A. Garcia.
Angel Lima.
Luis M. Martin.
Luis Garcia Riera.
Juan Poldo.
Maria Domenech y Lorda.
Francisco Cabarrocas.
Eduardo Valderez.
Jos4 Bencones Ramos.
Angel E. Rosende Zayas.
Rafael P. Bonaehea.
Luis Valasco.
Rodolfo Valderas.
Eduardo Valderas.
Rigoberto F. Sabido.
Rogelio F. Talon y Junes
Buenaventura Gall.
Juan M. Nunez.
Jos4 M.Garcia.
Manuel Estrada.
Bueoayentura Gall,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPEKDIX Xm.
Enumeration diatricls and enumerators— Conimned.
689
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA-Continued.
Enumeration diatricts.
Designation.
Enuneratore.
86lT
JUDICIAL DOSTBicT, RKMKOIO0— contintied.
Municipal district, San Antonio de las VuOtat.
Cabecera (Antonio de las Vueltas).
Charco Hondo
AguadadeMoya
Sagua la Chica 7 Cayoe
Taguayabon
Vegas de las Palmas
Piedras
Quinta
VegoAlta
First part of Bosque
Second partof Bosaue
Sur y Oeste de Egiaos
Hunicipal district, Yaguajay.
Flirt part of Cabecera (Yaguajay) . . . .
Second part of Cabecera (Yaguajay) .
Flirt partof Mayajigua
Second part of Mayajigua.
Gillermo Bq>inom.
JoB& Mendez.
J.M.Nufies.
Rafael 0. Echernendla.
Raimundo Rebollar.
Pert ecto Conasona y Rodriguez.
Florinda de la Hoi.
Rafael Perez Pedroso.
Desiderio Jimenez.
Pi6spero Perez.
Rafael C. Echernendla.
(^eetino £q>ino8a.
Clementina C. Prieto.
Teresa P. Laredo.
Salvador G. Oreham.
Juan B. Ckircia.
Seibabo Alfredo C. Prieto.
Eliseo Suarez.
Arturo Jimenez.
Rafael Perez.
Jo66 B. Boiges.
JuYial Davila.
Centeno .
Meneses
Bamburano
First partof Keys, and Institutions..
Second part of Keys
JITDICIAL DIOTRICT, TRINIDAD.
Municipal district, Trinidad.
Flirt part of the city of Trinidad ,
Second part of the city of Trinidad ,
Third part of the city of Trinidad
Fourthpartof the city of Trinidad. ,
FifthpartofthecityofTrinidad**--
Sixth part of the city of Trinidad
Seventh partof the city of Trinidad
Eighth part of the city of Trinidad
Casilda (urban) ,
Cadlda (rural and keys)
Firrtpart, Rlode Ay ,
Second part, Rio de Ay
Cabag&n
Fiirtpart,Quaniguical
Second part, Guaniguical...-,^.'..
Caracusey ^.<^
San Pedro ^
San Francisco .-^.'
Qiiinia de Miranda^
Jiquixnas ^,
Fomento ./,
JUeftciAL DISTBICT, 8ANCTI 8PIBITU8.
unicipal district, Sancti Spiritus.
PiTBt part^of the city of Sancti Spiritus .
SecondJfiart of the city of Sancti Spiritus . .
Third^art of the city of Sancti Spiritus. . . .
Fourtfh pwt of the city of Sancti Spiritus . .
FiftlTpart of the city of Sancti Spiritus . . . .
8l^«i part of the city of Sancti Spiritus . . ..
Seventh part of the city of Sancti Spiritus. ,
^hth part of the city of Sancti Spiritus .
inth pert of the city of Sancti Spiritus. . .
lenth part of the city of Sancti Spiritus. . .
Jlbaro
Chorrera Brava
Cabaiguan
Guayos
Santa Luda
Manacas
First part of Paula
Second part of Paula
Third part of Paula
Elena Gonzalez.
Teresa Mestre Cagigal.
Enrique Pina Jimenez.
Elvira Cabana.
Ellnda Cortes y Silva.
Enrique Lara.
Sofia Torrado y Ponce.
Mercedes Pomares y Gonzales.
Blanca Corbeiller.
D. Petersen.
Miguel Mainena.
Plo Daniel Cadalso.
Jo86 Ma. Mauri.
Carlos E. Lynn.
Nicanor J. Domlnguez.
Fernando H. Reyna.
Vincente Panadez.
Elrov Cabana y Orri.
Teodoro de Leon.
Vincente SuArez.
Pertecto Quintana.
Rafael Pina y Marin.
America A. Gonzalez.
Ana G. P. Echernendla.
America Castafleda y Valdeira.
Natalia y Cafllzares y Gomez.
Franco, del Valle Gonzalez.
Altagracia de Cespedes y Canyares.
Maria W. Verson.
Mariano Qomez y Gomez.
Joaquin Gomez.
Mariano J. Pahnero y Hildago.
AdolfoC.Canas.
Francisco L. Sort.
Tomas F. Rodriguez.
Roque V. Ambroeino.
Miguel M. del Toro.
Juan Y. Perez.
Miguel Minguez.
AdolfoC.C
24662 M
/
Digitized by VjOOQIC
690
REPORT ON THE OElSrSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Enumeration districts and enumerators. — Continued.
PROVINCK OF SANTA CLARA.— OontlniieiL
Enumeration districts.
Enmneimton.
No.
Designation.
D63
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SANCH SPIBITUS— COnttDDed.
Municipal dittritt, SancH SJpirihi^-Contlnued.
First part of San Andrta
Manuel P. Jimenes.
364
Second part of San Andr^ and Pueblo Nuevo
Mariano Gomes.
365
First part of Tagnasco y Pedro Barba r t . ,
LuisR. Rensoli.
866
Second part of Taguasco y Pedro Barba
Sixto Fernandez Latorre.
867
Third part of Taguasco y Pedro Barba r . , , r .
Roque V. Ambrosino.
868
Bellamot&
J.fiLC. Gomes.
869
Paredes
B. Weiss Gramtges.
870
First part of Ouasimal
Jesus Cms drdoc
871
Second part of Ouasimal
AdoUo C. Canaa.
87?
Tunas rfe Zasa.
Roffelio P. Estrada.
Raotel M. Mocgada
878
Oavos Docfl Tififfiias
874
Banao
Bamab6 de Pina y Valde&
SANTIAGO DE CUBA.
JUDICIAL DISTBICT. SANTIAGO DB CUBA, NOBTB.
Municipal ditMd, AUo Songo.
AltoSongo
do
Moron
El Socorro y Maya
Ti Arriba
Lomadel Gato
Palenque
Jarahueca
Mayari Arriba
Florida Blanca
Municipal district, Palma Soriano.
Palma Soriano ...
do
Las Cuchillas
Remanganaguas .
Sltio
Concepci6n
San Leandro
Yarayabo
Cauto Baire .
Dorados .
Cauto Abalo, first part .
Cauto Abajo, second part .
Santa Filomena
Municipal dUtrict, Santiago de Cuba.
DiOao
Santo Tom^
..-.do
....do
....do
....do
Cristo
....do
....do
do ;
Cristo (coastwise ships) ,
Trinidad V..
....do
....do :..::;
....do
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SANTIAGO DK CUBA, SUB.
Municipal district, Santiago de Cuba.
Belen .
....do.
....do.
Joan Lopes.
J. M. Brayo.
Joa6 Castillo.
Domingo Grinao.
Miguel 8. Giro.
Armando Villalon.
Emillo Mas.
Guillermo BoUyar.
R6mulo Carbenell.
RlcardoRizo.
A. Meana.
Pedro Valiente.
Norberto Romero.
Tomas Artigas.
Lino Hourrutiner.
Buenaventura Beaton.
Herminlo Lorla.
Aicadlo Ysaac
Rafael Salasar.
Bartolome Ramls.
Miguel Planas.
Madi20 Benites.
LlnoB6i^t^s<
Ramon Regaell^'^^
Ernesto Giro.
Juan Mayon.
O. Ybarra y M.
Franco. Guasch.
Francisco Romani.
JuanCros.
T. Rouseau.
Manuel Puncet
Alberto Cutt6.
J086 Chamiso.
Angel Mesa.
Lino Caraballd.
Joe6 Pagliery.
Enrique Camlnero.
Juan Cortex Gonxalet.
Bartolome Portuondo
Octavio Sant6.
22 !.*!*!!!!;*.;.'.";; Franco Cutl6.
.do
I Rafael Beigues.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
AFFEKDIZ Xm.
691
Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continned.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA— Continued.
Ennmeration districts.
Designation.
Enumerators.
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, 8ANTIAOO DK CUBA, 8UR— Continued.
Municipal district, Santiago de Ou5a— Continued.
Dolores
ao
do
do
Dolores
Catedral
do
do
do
do
Catedral Belen lasLagunas
Ramon de las Yaguas
do
Municipal district, San Luis.
San Luis
....do
....do
....do
....do
Monte dos Leguas .
do
La Luz
DosCaminos
....do
....do
....do
....do
Municipal dUtriet, El Oaney.
Caney
do
Lagunas
Sevilla
Guanlnicum
.-..do
Dos Bocas
....do
Baraiagua
Paz de los Naranjos .
Damajayabo
do :
do
Zacatecas
Daiquiri
Municipal district, Cristo.
Crlfito..
....do.
Municipal district. El Cobre.
Cobre ,
do
Ermitafio
Asserradero
Macio
Sevilla
Sevilla
Dos Palmas
do
Manacas
Santa Rita
Rio Frio
Botija
Cayo Smit
Caimanes
Brazo de Cauto
do
Hongolosongo
NimaMima
Jos^ Perozos.
Jo64 Bargalld.
Manuel Perez.
J. J. Hernandez.
Octavio Peralta.
Florentino Rosell,
Mariano Gonzalez.
Lino Salazar.
Miguel Pacheco.
Alfredo Navarro.
Juan Hechavaina.
Rafael Ribas.
Octavio Nuiry.
Manuel Badia.
Juan E. Men^ndez.
Juan Gonzalez Vera.
Conrado Men^ndez.
Francisco Burgos.
Francr. Pol.
Jos^ Alayo.
Modesto Carbo.
Joaquin Guardia.
Juan Rodriquez.
Jos4 Dedieu.
Jos<^ Ma. Gonzalez.
Eugenio Bartutes.
Manuel Valiente.
Alfonso Anaya.
Jos6 Busquet.
Aurelio Cabrera.
Manuel Domingo.
Alberto Ybarra.
Rafael Lopes.
Julio Rojas.
Manuel Villalon.
Santiago Soto.
Otavio Mena.
Domingo Fernandez.
Felix Carbonell.
Ernesto Brloso.
Luis Rodridgues.
Frederico Cuti^.
Francisco Gramatges.
Santiago Jambil.
Urbano Justiz.
Frederico Bolivar.
Joe6 Niubo.
Carlos Pillot.
Rafael Palacios.
Tomas Garzon.
Evaristo Hernandez.
Domingo Zambrano.
Miguel Balanz6.
Pedro Couret.
Fulgenclo Diaz.
Rlcardo Carulla.
Marcial Laguna.
Franco. Gutlnez.
Federico Jaen.
Pedro Almirall.
Franco. Fablada.
Jos^ Estrada.
Franco. Bonne.
m
Digitized by
Google
690
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
Enumeration digtrids and enumeraUm. — Contmued.
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA.— Continued.
Enumeration districts.
Enumezatora.
No.
Designation.
W»
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, 8ANCT1 BPIRITU8— OOUdUUed.
Munidpai district, Sancti .9p<ntu«— Continued,
f"— *—*--' «—i Andres
Manuel P. Jimenes.
iW4
I Ian Andrte and Pueblo Nuevo
Mariano Gomes.
HA,*)
ruasco y Pedro Barba
Luis R. Rensoll.
H66
J Paguaflco y Pedro Barba.
Sixto Femandes Latorre.
867
' iiguasco y Pedro Barba
Roque V. Ambrosino.
J. R. C. Gomez.
868
369
]
B. Weiss Gramtgea.
870
ligimal
Jesus Cms Ordoc
871
J ^uasimal » . . .
Adolfo C. Canas.
87?
Rogelio P. Brtrada.
Ra&el M. Moigado.
873
( uas
874
Bamab^ de Pina y Valdea.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA.
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SANTIAGO DB CX7BA« NOBTK.
Municipal diitrict, AUo S(mgo.
AltoSongo
do
Moron
El Socorro y Maya
Ti Arriba
Lomadel Gato
Palenque
Jarabueca
Mayari Arriba
Florida Blanca
Municipal district, Palma Soriano.
Palma Soriano . . .
do
LasCucbillas
Remanganaguas .
Sitio
ConcepcI6n
San Leandro
Yarayabo
CautoBaire
Dorados.
Cauto Abaio, first part
Cauto Abajo, second part .
Santa Fllomena
Municipal district, Santiago dc Cuba.
Dajao ,
Santo TomAs
do
do
....do
....do
Cristo
....do .".*.*.""
....do *
....do
Cristo (coastwise sbips)
Trinidad V..
....do
....do :;:•'•
....do ••
JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SANTIAGO DE CUBA, 8UR.
Belen .
....do.
....do.
....do.
....do.
Municipal district, Santiago dc Cuba.
J
J
J
£
A
E
G
B
A.MeanA.
Pedro Valiente.
Norberto Romero.
Tomas Artigas.
Lino Hourmtiner.
Buenaventura Beaton.
Herminio Levis.
Arcadio Ysaao.
Rafael Salasar.
^lomeRamls.
Planas.
Ma^a^^enltes.
Lino]
Ramon ^egHeuT
Ernesto Giro. \
Juan Mayon.
O. Ybarra y M.
Franco. Guasch.
Francisco Romani.
JuanCroe.
T. Rouseau.
Manuel Puncet.
Alberto Cutid.
Joe6 Chamizo.
Angel Mesa.
Lino Caraball6.
Jo86 Pagliery.
Enrique Caminero.
\
Juan Cortez Gonzalez.
Bartolome Portuondo
Octavio Sant«.
Franco Cutl^.
Rafael Beigues.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPEITDLX Xm.
Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continned.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA— Continued.
691
Ennmeratlon districts.
116.
rtuooOO
Designation.
JUDICIAL DIBTRICT, SANTIAGO DK CUBA, SUB— Continued.
Municipal district, Santiago dc Citfta^-Continued.
Del ores
ao
do
do
Dolores
Gated ml
do
do
do
do
Catedral Belen las Lagunas
Ramon de las Yaguas
do
Municipal district, San Luis.
San Luia
do
do :
do
do
Monte dos Leguas
do
La Luz I Modesto Carbo.
DosCaminos Joaquin Guardia.
do Juan Rodriquez.
do I Jos6 Dedieu.
do I Jo86 Ma. Gonzalez.
do Eugenio Bartutes.
Enumerators.
JosdPerozos.
Jo66 Bargalld.
Manuel Perez.
J. J. Hernandez.
Octavio Peralta.
Florentino Roeell,
Mariano Gonzalez.
Lino Salazar.
Miguel Pacheco.
Alfredo Navarro.
Juan Hechavaina.
Rafael Ribas.
Octaylo Nuiry.
Manuel Badia.
Juan E. Men^ndez.
Juan Gonzalez Vera.
Conrado Men^ndez.
Francisco Burgos.
Francr. Pol.
Jo86 Alayo.
Municipal district, El Oaney.
Caney Manuel Valiente.
do Al fonso Anaya.
Lagunas I Jo84 Busquet.
Sevilla ' Aurelio Cabrera.
Guaninicum i Manuel Domingo.
.do I Alberto Ybarra.
Dos Bocas.
....do
Baraiagua
Paz de los Naranjos .
Damajayabo
do :
do
Zacatecas
Daiquiri
Municipal district, Cristo.
Cristo..
....do.
Rafael Lopes.
Julio Rojas.
Manuel Villalon.
Santiago Soto.
Otavio Mena.
Domingo Fernandez.
Felix Carbonell.
Ernesto Brioso.
Luis Rodridgues.
Prederico Cuti6.
Francisco Gramatges.
Municipal district. El Cdbre.
Cobre Santiago Jambd .
do Urbano Justiz.
Ermitafio I Frederico Bolivar.
Asserradero ' Jos^ Niubo.
Carlos Pillot.
Rafael Palacios.
Tomas Garzon.
Evaristo Hernandez.
Domingo Zambrano.
Miguel Balanz6.
Macio
Sevilla
Sevilla
Dos Pal mas.
do
ManaciuM.... _
Santa Rita I Pedro Couret.
Bio Frio ' Fulgencio Diaz.
^tija I Rlcardo Carulla.
"▼o Smlt Marcial Laguna.
manes i Franco. Gutinez.
ICO de Cttuto Federico Jaen.
io Pedro Almirall.
agolosongo ' Franco. Fablada.
^o I Jos^ Estrada.
naMima I Franco. Bonne.
Digitized by
Google
692
BSPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
ErwuMration dittricU and enumeraior$ — Contmued.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA— Ccmtlnaed.
Ennmemtion districts.
No.
Designation.
Entuneraton.
107
106
109
110
HI
112
118
114
115
116
U7
118
U9
120
121
122
128
124
125
126
127
128
129
180
181
182
188
184
185
186
187
188
189
140
141
142
148
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
161
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
168
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
178
JITDICIXL DUrrBICT, GUANTANAXO.
Municipal dittrid^ Quantanamo.
Mercado (poblado)
Rastxo (p€>blado)
Ysieto. .;:.'.
Galmanera
Ocujal y Buffues
Arroyo Hondo
CasiseyAbajo
RioBeoo
....do
Baitlqniri
Glorieta
Glorieta (poblado)
Hospital (poblado)
Yndios
JaiboAbeJo
CorrallUo
Vinculo
(jtobiemo (poblado)
Caridad (poblado)
Guaso
do
Jamaica
do
Caalnibae
Casisey Arriba
Siffoal
Palmar
.....do
Yateras
do
CMatro Caminos
Parroqoia (poblado)
Bano
Jalbo Arriba
Palma San Juan
Gamarones
Lajas
.....do
Tiguabos
do
Macoriges
Municipal ditMct, Sagua de Tnmamo,
Sagua de Tanamo
Zabala
Miguel
Bazan
Juan Diaz
Esteron
Calabagas
JUDICIAL DICTBICT, MANZAKILLO.
Municipal district^ ManzanUlo.
Manzanillo.
do
.....do
do
do
do
do
do
DeOro
De Plata....
Esperanza..
do
ElCano ....
Yara
do
Blanquizal .
Jibacoa
do
Zanal
Jos6 L. Eq>ino.
Frandsco A. Laguna.
Vicente Aguirre y ChauTeax.
Franco. Berengues.
Maximo Diaz.
Victor Deville.
Juan Danguillecourt.
Andres Garda.
Manuel Soler.
Rafael Dias PnrtiUos.
Arturo Dnharte.
JustoGiro.
Rafael Diaz.
Joe6 Cisneros Diaz.
Miguel Portuondo.
Lorenzo Sainz.
Manuel Pontean.
Angel Rayeto.
Manuel Portuondo.
R6mulo Barradat.
LuisMegret.
Santiago Esplno.
Rafael Mestre.
Antonio Soto.
Ramon Dominga
BandilioSallan.
Julio EeUv.
Joe6 Rodrigues.
Juan 8. Aguilera.
Octavio Lay.
Alberto Gonzales.
Enrique MartL
Luis Soler.
Franco. Ramon.
Satumino Planes.
Pedro Ferran.
Pedro Mirabal.
Arturo U. Armesto.
Franco. Garcia.
Agustin Gollantes.
Frandsco Perez Andres.
Joe6 Ma. Ver&nes.
Eladio Ceono.
Eladio Velazquez.
Enrique C^hedia.
Agustin ReTl.
LuisFifTe.
Ygnado Boladeres.
Jaime E Ram6n.
Filberto Zayas.
Eugenio Fernandez.
Jos6 C. Guerra.
Jos^RosRoe.
Emllio Forment Rovira,
Jo86 Vails EchAni^.
Celedonia Rodriguez.
Manuel T. Hen nndez.
Miguel Benarides Martinez.
Maximillano Diaz.
Franco. Antunez.
Pedro Vazquez Marti.
Vicente Perez Zunigo.
Juan Leon Casillo.
Carlos BertQt
Jaime Santisteban.
Pablo Roget Samana.
Manuel Saris.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX xin.
EnumeraHon dittricts and enumeraJton — Continaed.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA-Omtinoed.
698
Enumeration districte. 1
Enumerators.
No.
Designation.
174
JUDICTAL DI8TBICT, MANZANILLO— COntioned.
Municipal dittrid, ifansoniBo-CJontlnned.
Zarzal
Daniel Presilla.
17ft
Congo -
Enlensipo L. Merchonehin.
Bemado Aces Ros.
176
Congo, Calici
Caliclto
to Esperanza y Jibacoa
177
LuisFrias.
178
Media Luna.
do
Joe6 Bodes.
179
Joe6 Y. Elias.
180
Vicana -- - -- -- -
Tomas Oonxalef^
181
Media Luna.
do
Joaquin Codina.
18?
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
188
do
Edelberto Domingues.
Enrique Portales.
America Betancourt.
184
do
185
J
Conmechnela
(ufUcipal cUtlrict, Qtmpechuda.
18ft
Manuel Navarrete.
187
do
Pedro Figuerede.
Manuel £. y Estrada.
Endaldo Manrique.
188
189
Tercero
do
190
Cnarto
Maximillian Garcia.
191
do
Juan Femandes.
19?
do
Luis Bertran.
19S
PrIin<^IX> . . * . .
Enrique Cespedes.
Dominador ne la Qnardla.
194
Crwrto. . .
195
Primeroy Sej
HegUDdo. ....
^ndo..
Antonio Saumell.
19ft
Eduardo Boca Boca.
197
San Jtian....
JUDICIAI* DUTRICr, BATAMO.
Mufdcipal diibrict, Bayamo,
Antonio Facheco.
198
Cristo -- - -
Jorge Chaves.
Bafoel V. Bos.
199
Laguna Blan
Cauto del En
do
ca
?00
ibarcadero
Miguel Figueredo.
Armado Prats.
Wl
?0?
Qnamo
Jos^ Chev^n.
?08
Vequito
Pablo Hernandez.
?04
do
Jorge Bonet.
Yldefonso Presilla.
?n5
do
?Oft
do
Manuel Tomaris.
907
Bueycito
Julio Cespedes.
708
Qulfla
Rafael Parreque.
Porflsio Bonet.
?09
do
710
do
Rafael R. Corrias.
711
do
Hiram Tamayo.
71?
Datil
Ysmael C. y fistrada.
718
Barrancas
Esteban Castro.
714
Homo......r
Ignado Tamayo.
715
Jignanl......
Municipal dittrict, Jiguani.
Joaquin Escalante.
Luis Dudefaix.
71ft
Balre
717
do
Demetrio Lora.
718
Santa Bita
Enrique Maspons.
Anlbal V. Escalante.
719
Babiney
770
do."
Agustin Casasaya.
Joaquin E. Beaton.
Narciso Feros.
771
Ventas
77?
7?8
Riuconada •
TToltrnf n
Eduardo Kircb.
774
JVDiaAL DHTBICT, HOLOUIN.
Municipal district, Holguin.
joe^BalAn.
775
.!.?!§o!::::::::::::::;:::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Jos6 R. Torres.
77fl
do
Jos6 Dominices.
??7
do
??8
do ---
779
San Agustin
do
Pedro Fnentes €ktrcia.
730
Rafael Pefia and Luis F. Rubio.
281
San Andres
R.Zaya8.
Digitized by
Google
694
BEPOBT ON THK CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
EnumeraiUm districU and emimerator$--Con\mTied.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA— Oontlnaed.
Enumeration districts.
Enumerators.
No.
Designation.
rvf
Municipcd dittria, JJb^f»-Contlnned.
Unas
283
234
235
Velaseo
Auras
do
T^PnlnriA,,
Manueb Hidalgo Gutierrez.
Julio Alban^s.
Joa& Arbina.
Angel Rodriguez.
737
do
Miguel Bozon.
?38
Ia Pftlma
Miguel Montero.
?39
AlcalA
Juan de la Cruz.
?40
Alcal&, San Fernando
Estel>an UUoa.
241
Bijard
Fernando Aguilera.
242
do
Jose Heredia.
243
Tacamara r . - ,
Gustavo Ochoa.
244
San Pedro de Cacacum .. .
Plutareo Artigas.
?45
Cabazuela
Rodolfo Roj&s.
746
Ceigo de la Rioja
Justo .^uilera.
Rafael Rodriguez.
?47
Aguas Claras
?48
Corralito
Antonio Gutierrez.
749
Sao Arriba
Eduardo Lopez.
Martin Sancnez.
250
Cuabas
251
Yareval
Joaquin y Romen.
2fy?
Pumlo
Ramon Suarez Goigas.
753
Oamaran ..... . , .
L. M. Dias.
7M
Tarajo
PMro Rodriguez.
7N>
Alfonsos
7M
Sftn Lorenzo.
Manuel Doeiteo Aguilera.
757
Municipal dittrict, Oibara.
Glbara
Atanasio Riancho.
TISR
do
Juan Martinez.
759
do
Jo6^ de los Rios.
?fiO
do
Florenclo V. Alberti.
261
Pueblo Nuevo, Tasajera, Aguadas y Hoyos Llmones, y
RioSeco.
Bocas Ist, Sama, Arriba y Blanquical
Manuel Betancourt.
Abelardo Rodriguez.
763
do .'. ^
Manuel Balan.
764
Arroyo Blanco y Pozo Blanco
Emiliano Guid^.
26.'>
Potrerillo '.
Victoriano Alberti.
266
Plores
Francisco Romen.
767
Fray Benito
Forcuato Varona.
768
Santa Lucia
F. Anguera.
JesilsManduley.
769
do
770
Sama and Yaguajay
Ygnacio Sanchez.
Adolfo Alberti.
771
Beguitas
77?
Gulra, Angeles y Duruth
Bartolom4 Lopes.
273
774
Banes. Torrouteras Veguitas, Pasadero, Tasajiras, Arro-
yo, Esterito, Los Pasos y Mulas.
Diego Yebra.
Constantino Pupo.
775
Yabazon
Manuel Sartorio.
776
Candelaila
Feliciano E. Hidalgo.
777
Cantimplora
778
Francisco de P. Robinson.
279
Borlal
Arlstides Ochoa.
?«0
Municipal district, Puerto Padre.
Puerto Padre
Eliezer Artola Vialle.
781
do
Enrique Rosendo.
Fernando Garcia.
78?
Vedado
783
San Manuel
Angel Rodriguez.
M. Reyes.
Juan Sabari.
Manuel Artine y Fayardo.
784
do
285
786
Tunas
Manati y Orlente
287
Cauto del Paso
Luis Lora Frimeta.
788
Arenas
Mariano Lerma.
289
Curana
Jos6 L. Villoch.
290
Playuelas
Francisco Domingo.
291
Palmarito ,
Federico Morel.
292
Casimd
Fernando Perez Puellea.
293
Oriente
Agusto Lerma.
Augusto Font.
Manuel Pereda.
294
Olo del Agua
295
Maniabon
296
Tarey, Vedado y OJo del Agua
Olan Bastita.
297
Chaparra
Gabriel Gonzales.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX XIV.
Enumeration dutricts and enumerators — Continued.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA— Continued.
695
Enumeration districts.
Enumerators.
No.
Designation.
298
JUDICIAL DUTRiCT, HOLGUiN— Continued.
Municipal ditlrict, MayaH.
SanOregorio
Franklin Argilagos.
JoB^ Rivafl
?99
Biran
aoo
Sabanilla !.*. !!!!!. *!!.
Jos^ Martinet.
801
Cabonico
Alfredo Oonza.l<%7
802
El Chucho
Francisco Leyte Vidal.
8ri8
Ouayabo
804
Bniguetudoa
Fran. Mastrapa.
Eduardo Duboy.
Benito Quintero.
Francisco Alonso
80ft
Chavaleta
80<t
Barajagua .... ^ a ^
807
JXTDICIAL DIBTBICr. BARACOA.
Municipal district, Baracoa.
Baiaooa
808
do
Miguel V.Perellada.
Jos6 G. Rubio
809
do
810
do
Franco E Palomares
811
Cuaba y Hoyos
Esteban Roiaa.
Pedro Sanchez
81?
Cabaca
818
Giliniao
Antonio Conde
814
Duaba
Pedro Godoy.
LuisA.Urgelles.
Salvador Selva
815
Toar
816
Nibujon
817
Cafiete
Pedro C. Perez.
818
Mata . . .
B&rtolo Curzft
819
Sitio
Aurelio Lores
8?!0
Quandao
Franco. Conde.
8?1
Sabanilla
Carlos Crosa.
8m
Sabana
Sixto Torres.
8?8
Quemadofl
Manuel Galano.
8?4
vertientes
Rafael Maaso.
8?A
Gran Tierra
Jos^ Ro84s.
8?!R
Monte Cristo
Bartolom^ LegrA.
Pablo Fonseoo.
8?7
Vequita
878
Ymlas
Eliseo Matos.
879
Jauoo
E. Cadiz.
880
do
Joaquin Romani.
Arturo Daiunery.
Tomas Lingoya.
VirglUo Diaz.
881
Maid
88?
Jamal ................ a ........ a ^ .... x .. ^ x .. ^ ..... .
888
APPENDIX XIV.
CONTRACT FOR TABULATING THE ENUMERATION OF THE POPULA-
TION OF THE ISLANDS OF CUBA AND PORTO RICO.
Whereas the Tabulating Machine Company, through its general manager, Herman
Hollerith, has submitted an offer to the Director of the Census of Cuba and Porto
Rico to tabulate the enumeration of the population of the said islands, and said
Director has concluded to accept said proposition.
It is hereby agreed by and between Colonel J. P. Sanger, Director of the Census
of Cuba and Porto Rico, party of the first part, and the Tabulating Machine Com-
pany, a corporation of the State of New York, party of the second part, as follows:
The party of the second part, in consideration of the payments to be made to it as
hereinafter provided, agrees to tabulate by the Hollerith tabulating system, and
under the direction of its general manager, the enumeration of the population of the
islands of Cuba and Porto Rico from the schedules to be delivered to it by the party
of the first part according to the twenty-two (22) tables heretofore submitted.
The party of the first part hereby agrees to pay to the party of the second part for
Digitized by VjOOQIC
696 BEPOBT OV THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
such tabulation the som of three and one-hall (3^) cents for each person, and one
(1) cent for each building enumerated, as follows:
Eight-tenths (0.8) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables
land 2.
Three-tenthfl (0.3) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables
3 and 4.
Three-tenths (0.03) of one cent per person on completion of the tahulation of
tables 5 and 7.
Forty-five hundredths (0.45) of one cent per person on completion of the tabula-
tion of tables 8, 9, and 10.
Seventy-five hundredths (0.75) of one cent per person on completion of the tabu-
lation of tables 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.
Nine-tenths (0.9) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21.
The pajrments for tabulating tables 1 and 2, and for tabulating tables 3 and 4, are
to be made on the completion of such tables for each province of Cuba and depart-
ment of Porto Rico, and for the remaining tables 5 to 22 inclusive, on completion of
such tables for each island.
The party of the second part agrees to commence such tabulation without delay
upon receipt of the schedules from the party of the first part, and to proceed with
and complete said tabulation with diligence and dispatch.
The party of the second part further agrees to tabulate the schedules relating to
agriculture and schools for said islands according to such tables as may be required
by the party of the first part, for which tabulations the party of the first part agrees
to pay to the party of the second part, in addition to the payments above provided
for, the actual cost of such tabulation (which shall include rent, clerk hire, mate-
rial, and all other expenses) plus ten (10) per cent of such cost for the services of
the party of the second part for superintending and directing the work.
The party of the first part may at any time discontinue the tabulation of the
schedules relating to agriculture and schools by giving written notice to that effect
to the party of the second part; and in such event all records and results are to be
delivered to the party of the first part, and the party of the second part shall be
paid for the cost of the work plus said ten (10) per cent for services, to the date of
the receipt of such notice by the party of the second part
In witness whereof the parties aforesaid have executed this agreement in quadru-
plicate, and have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals this 1st day of
February, A. D. 1900.
Signed by contracting parties and witnessed.
APPENDIX XV.
LIST OF GOVERNORS OF THE ISLAND OF CUBA.
No.
Date.
Name, etc.
1
1612
Diego Velatquez, lieutenant-Govemor.
Manuel de Rojas, Lieutenant-GoTernor, provisioiial.
Juan de Altamirano, Ueutenant-Oeneral.
Gonzalo de Guzman. Ueutenant-Geneial.
Manuel de Rojas, Ueutenant-Oovemor, prorlsional.
Gonzalo de Guzman, Lieutenant-Governor.
Hernando de Soto, Qovemor-Geneial.
Juan de Avila,Govemor-General.
Antonio Chavez. Governor-General.
Gonzalo Perez de Angulo, Govemo^General.
Diego de Mazariegoa, Qoyemor-General.
2
1624.
1626
1626
1682
1635 !!!!!!* *■!*'*! '.'
1638
1644 !".i.*!;!!'!"!!!.*!!.*;
1646
10
1660
U
1666
Digitized by VjOOQIC
Al^PENBIX XV.
List of governors of the island of Cuba — Oontinaed.
697
Date.
Name, etc.
1565.
1568..
1573.
1577.
1679.
1581.
1594
1602
1608
1616
1620
1620
Aug. 14,1620.
1624.,
1624.,
1625.,
1630.,
1634.,
1639.,
1647.,
1653.
1655.
1658.
1663.
1664.
1670.
1680.
1686.
1687.
1689.
1702.
1706.
1706
1708
1711
1713
1716
1717
1717
1724
1734
1746
1745
1747
1760
1761
July 1, 1762 .
June, 1765 ..
July, 1766...
Mar. 19, 1766.
1771
June, 1777 ...
May, 1781....
1782
1786
Dec. 28, 1785..
Apr. 20, 1789..
July 8, 1790..
Dec. 6, 1796...
May 13,1799.
Apr. 14, 1812..
July 2, 1816..
Apr. 20, 1819..
Mar. 8, 1821 ..
July 22, 1822.
May 2, 1823..
May 16, 1832.
June 1,1834..
Prom June 1, 1834, to Apr. 16, 1838.
From Apr. 16, 1838, to Feb., 1840. . .
Feb.,1840, toMaylO,1841
Francisco Garcia Osorio. Governor-General.
Pedro Menendez de AviliB, Governor-General.
Gabriel Montalvo, Governor-General.
Francisco Carrefio, Governor-General.
Gaspar de Torres, Governor-General, provisional.
Gabriel de Lulan, Captain-General.
Juan de Tejaaa, Captain-General.
Juan Maldonado Balnuevo, Captain-General.
Pedro Valdes Balnueva, Captain-General.
Gaspar Ruiz de Pereda, Captain-General.
Sancho de Alguizaz, Captain-General.
Geronimo de Quero, Captain-General, provisional.
Dlejo Vallejo, Captain-General.
Francisco de venegas, Captain-General.
Juan Esquivll, Captain-General, provisional.
Juan Riva Martin, Captain-General, provisional.
Garcia Giron de Loaysa, Captain-General, provisional.
Cristobal de Aranda, Captain-General, provisional.
Lorenzo de Cabrera, Captain-General.
Juan Bitrian de Viamontes, Captain-General.
Francisco Riano de Gamboa, Captain-General.
Alvaro de Luna, Captain-General.
Diego de Villalba, Captain-General.
Francisco Xeldes, Captain-General.
Juan Montafio, Captain-General.
Juan de Salamanca, Captain-General.
Rodrigo de Flores, Captain-General.
Francisco D&irla, Captain-General.
Francisco de Ledesma, Captain-General.
Jo66 Fernandez de Cordoba, Captain-General.
Andr6s Munibe, Captain-General, provisional.
Manuel Murguia, Captain-General, provisional.
Diego de Viana, Captain-<}eneraL
Severino de Manraneda, Captain-General.
Diego de Cordoba, Captain-General.
Pedro Benites de Lugo. Captain-General.
NicolAs Chirino, Captain-General, provisional.
Luis Chac6n, Captain-General, provisional.
Pedro Alvares Villarin, Captain-General.
Laureano die Torres, Captain-General.
Luis Chac6n, Captain-General.
Laureano de Torres, Captain-General.
Vicente Raia, Captain-General.
Gomez de Alvarez, Captain -General.
Gregorio Guazo, Captain-General.
Dionisio Martinez, Captain-General.
Juan F. Guemes, Captain-General.
Juan A. Tineo, Captain-General.
Diego Pifialosa, Captain-General.
Francisco Cagigal, Captain-General.
Pedro AJonso, Captain-General.
Juan de Prado Portocarrero, Captain-General.
Ambroaio Villalpando, Count of Ricla, Captain-General.
Diego Manrique, Captain-General.
Pascual Jimenez de Cisneroe, Captain-General, provi-
sional.
Antonio M. Bucarely, Captain-General.
Marqu6s de la Torre, Captain-General.
Diego J. Navarro, Captain-General.
Juan M. Cagigal, Captain-General.
Luis de Unzaga, Captain-General, provisional.
Bernardo TroncQso, Captain-General, provisional.
Jos6 Espeleta, Captaln-<3eneral, provisional.
Domingo Cabello, Captain-General, provisional.
Jcm6 Espeleta, Captain-General.
Domingo Cabello, Captain-General, provisional.
Luis de las Casas, Captain-General.
Juan Bassecourt, Captain-General.
Salvador de Muro, Captain-General.
Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, Captain-General.
Jo86 Cienfuegos. Captain-GeneraL
Juan M. Cagligjal, Captain-General.
Nicol&s de Many, Captain-General.
Sebastian Klndelan, Captain-General, provisional.
Dionisio Viv6s. Given absolute authority by royal de-
cree of 1825.
Mariano Rocafort Given absolute authority by royal
decree of 1826.
Miguel Tacon. Given absolute authority by royal decree
of 1825.
Lieut Gen. Miguel Tac6n y Rosique, Captain-General.
Lieut. Gen. Joquin Ezpeleta y Enrille.
Lieut. Gen. Pedro Tellez de Gironm, Prince of Anglona.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
698 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
List of governors of the island of Cuba — Ck>ntinaed.
No.
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
KM
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
118
114
116
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
136
136
Date.
From May 10, 1841, to Sept, 15, 1843.
Sept. 15 to Oct. 26, 1843
Oct. 26, 1843, to Mar. 20, 184«
From Mar. 20, 1848. to Nov. 18, 1850.
From Nov. 13. 1H.'A to Apr. 22. 1852 .
From Apr. 22, 1852. to Dec. 3, 1853. . .
From Dec. 3, 1853. to Sept. 21, 1854..
From Sept. 14. 1854, to Nov. 24, 1859.
From Nov. 14, 1859. to Dec. 10, 1862 .
From Dec. 10, 1862, to May 30, 1866 .
From May 80, 1866, to Nov. 3, 1866. .
From Nov. 3, 1866, to Sept. 24, 1867, on
which date he died.
From Sept. 24, 1867. to Dec. 12. 1867. . .
From Dec. 13, 1867, to Jan. 4, 1869
From Jan. 4, 1869, to June 2, 1869
From June 2, 1869, to June 28, 1869. . .
From June 28, 1869, to Dec. 15, 1870. . .
From Dec.15,1870, toJulyll,1872..-
From July 11, 1872, to Apr. 18, 1873 . . .
From Apr. 18 to Nov. 4, 1873
From Nov. 4, 1873, to Apr. 7, 1874
From Apr. 7, 1874, to May 8, 1875
Name, etc.
From May 8 to June 8, 1875 ,
From June 8, 1875, to Jan. 18, 1876 .
From Jan. 18, 1876, to June 18, 1878.
From Oct. 8. 1876, to Feb. 6, 1879. . .
From Feb. 6, 1879, to Apr. 17, 1879. .
From Apr. 17, 1879, to Nov. 28, 1881.
From Nov. 28, 1881, to Aug. 6, 1883. . ,
From Aug. 5, 1883, to Sept. 28, 1883 . . . .
From Sept. 28, 1883, to Nov. 8, 1884 ... ,
From Nov. 8, 188t, to Mar. 25. 1886
From Mar. 25, 1886, to July 15, 1887 ... .
From July 15, 1887, to Mar. 13, 1889 . . . .
From Mar. 13, 1889; died Feb. 6, 1890 . .
From Feb. 6, 1890, to Apr. 4, 1900
From Apr. 4, 1890, to Aug. 20. 1890 . . . .
From Aug. 20, 1890, to June 20, 1892 . . .
From June 20, 1892; died July 16, 1893.
From July 16, 1893, to Sept. 6, 1893
From Sept. 6, 1893, to Apr. 16, 1895
From Apr. 16, 1895, to Jan. 20, 1896. . . .
From Jan. 20. 1896. to Feb. 11, 1896 . . . .
From Feb. 11, 1896, to Oct. 81, 1897
From Oct. 81. 1897, to Nov. 80, 1898 . . . .
From Nov. 30, 1898, to Jan. 1,1899, at
12 noon.
Lieut. Gen. Ger6nimo Valdes y Sierra.
Lieut. Gen. of the Royal Navy, Fiancisoo Javier de Ulloa,
proviidonal.
Lieut. Gen. Leopoldo O'Donnell y Joris. Count of LaoenA.
Lieut. Gen. Federico Roncali, Count of Alcoy.
Lieut. Gen. Jo86 Gutierrex de la Concha.
Lieut. Gen. Valentin Cafiedo Miranda.
Lieut. Gen. Juan de la Pezuela, Marquis de la Pesael*.
Lieut. Gen. Jos^ Gutierrez de la Concha, Marqoia of Ha-
bana, second time.
Lieut. Gen. Francisco Serrano, Duke de la Torre.
Lieut. Gen. Domingo Dulce y Garay.
Lieut. Gen. Francisco Lersundi.
Lieut. Gen. Joaquin del Manzano y Mansano.
Lieut. Gen. B14s Villate, Count of Valmaseda.
Lieut. Gen. Franciaco LersundL
Lieut Gen. Domingo Dulce v Garay, second time.
Lieut. Gen. Felipe Ginov^ del Espinar. proviaionaL
Lieut. Gen. Antonio Fem&ndez y Caballero de Rodas.
Lieut. Gen. BlAs Villate, Count of Valmaseda.
Lieut Gen. Francisco Ceballos y Vargaa.
I Lieut. Gen. C&ndido Pieltain y Jove-Huelgo.
I Lieut. Gen. Joaquin Joveliar y Soler, first time.
' Lieut. Gen. Joe6 Gutierrez de la Concha, Marquis of Ha-
bana.
Lieut. Gen. Buenaventura Carb6, provisional.
Lieut. Gen. BUs Villate, Count of Valmaseda, third time.
Lieut. Gen. Joaquin Joveliar y Soler. He was under Mar-
tinez Campofi, who was the general in chief.
Lieut. Gen. Arsenio Martinez Campos.
Lieut. Gen. Cayetano Figueroa y Garaondo, provisional.
Lieut. Gen. Ram6n Blanco y Erenas.
Lieut. Gen. Luis Prendergast y Gordon, Marquis of Victo-
ria de las Tunas.
General of Division TomAsde Reyna y Reyna, provisional.
Lieut Gen. Ignacio Maria del Castillo.
Lieut Gen. Ram6n Fajardo 4 Izquierdo.
Lieut Gen. Emillo Calleja ^ Isad.
Lieut. Gen. Sab&s Marin y Gonzalez.
Lieut. Gen. Manuel Salamanca y Begrete.
General of Division Joe^ Sanchez GOmez, provisional.
Lieut Gen. Jo86 Chinchilla y Diez de Ofiate.
Lieut Gen. Camilo Polavieja y del Castillo.
Lieut. Gen. Aleiandro Rodriguez Arias.
General of Division Jos^ Arderius y Garcia, proyialonaL
Lieut Gen. Emilio Calleja 4 Isasi.
Capt. Gen. Arsenio Martinez Campos.
Lieut Gen. Sabte Marin y Gonzalez.
Lieut Gen. Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau.
Capt Gen. Ram6n Blanco y Erenas.
Lieut Gen. Adolfo Jimines Castellanos.
APPENDIX XVI.
ORGANIZATION OF MUNICIPAI, DI8TBICTB.
Year of
forma-
tion.
Year of
forma-
tion.
Habana:
Aguacate
1879
1879
1879
1879
1879
1711
1879
1894
1879
1879
1655
1882
1816
Habana— Continued.
Guira de Melena
1879
ATqulzar
Habana
Bainoa
Isla de Finos
Batabano
Jaruco
1783
Bauta
Madruga r. r ., ,--
1866
Bejucal
Manangua
1879
Cano
Marianao .........
1879
Casiguas
Melina del Sur
187S
Catalina
1866
Ceiba del Agua . .
pipian
Guanabacoa
Qnivican ,
Guara
Regla. ...!!!!!!
1879
Guinea '/;
1 BaKid
1879
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX XVI.
699
ORQANIZATION OP MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS-Contlnued.
Habana— Con ti nued.
San Antonio de las Vegas ,
San Antonio de los Banos ,
San Felipe
San Jos^ de las Lajas
San Nicolas
Santa Cruz del Norte (made from
Jibacoa and San Antonio del
Rio Blanco)
Santa Maria del Rosario
Santiago de las Vegas
Tapaste
Vereda Nueva
Matanzas:
Alacranes (formerly Alfonzo XII).
Bolondron
Cabezas ,
Canasi
Cardenas ,
Carlos Rojas (formerly Cimar-
rones)
Colon
Cuevitas ,
Guamacaro
Jaguey Grande (formerly part of
Colon)
Jovel lanos
Maeagua
Macuriees
Marti (formerly Guamutaa)
Matanzas
Maximo Gomez (formerly Guana-
jayabo)
Mendez Capote (formerly Lagimil-
las)
Palmlllas (formerly Manguito)
Perico (formerly Cervantes)
Roque
Sabanllla
San Joed de los Ramos
Santa Ana (formerly Cidra)
Union de Reyes
Pinar del Rio:
Artemisa
Bahia Honda
Cabaf^as
Candelaria
Consolacidn del Norte
Consolaci6n del Sur
Guanajay
Guane
Guayabal
Julian Diaz (formerly Paso Real
de San Diego)
Los Palacioe
Mantua
Mariel
Plnardel Rio
San Cristobal
San Diego de los Bafioe
San Diego de Nufiez
San Juan y Martinez
San Luis
Viflales
Year of
forma-
tion.
1879
1796
1880
1879
1732
1745
1879
1881
1862
1879
1878
1879
1860
1879
ia58
1879
1879
1898
1866
1879
1879
1879
1879 i
1879 I
1880
1879 ,
1879 I
1879
1879 '
1879 I
1879 I
1879
1«60
1879
1879
1879
1879
1879
1897
1879
1866
1866
1858
1863
1879
Puerto Principe:
Clegode AviUt
Moron
Nuevitas
Puerto Principe
Santa Cruz del Sur
Santa Clara:
Abreus
Caibarien
Calabazar
Camijuani
Cartagena
Ceja ae Pablo
Cienfuegos :
Cifuentes (formerly Amaro)
Cruces
Esperanza
Palmira
Placetas
Quemado de Guines
Rancho Veloz
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Sagua la Grande
San Antonio de las Vueltas
Sancti Spiritus
San Diego del Valle
San Fernando (formerly Camaro-
nes)
San Juan de las Yeras
San Juan de los Remedios
Santa Clara
Santa Isabel de las Lajas
Santo Domingo
Santiago:
A 1 to Songo
Baracoa
Bayamo
Campechnela (formerly part of
Manzanillo)
Caney
Cobre
Christo (formerly part of Manza-
nillo)
Gibara
Guantanamo
Holguin
Jiquani
Manzanillo
Mayari
Niquero (formerly part of Manza-
nillo)
Palma Soriano (formerly part of
Santiago)
Puerto Padre (formerly Victoria
de las Tunas)
Sagua de Tanamo
San Luis (formerly part of Santi-
„a«o)
Santiago
Year of
forma-
tion.
1870
1860
1514
1871
1879
1879
1879
1878
1878
1879
1829
1879
1879
1879
1879
1879
1879
1878
1879
1842
1878
1514
1879
1879
1879
1514
1690
1879
1879
1879
1512
1514
1898
1558
1898
1823
1860
1761
1878
1899
1898
1879
1896
1514
Memorandum on Territorial Changes since 1861.
A glance at two maps of Cuba, one published about the middle of this century and
one of later date than 1878, shows at once two different sets of political subdivisions
in the island. For a comparison of the census of 1861 with that of 1887 it is neces-
sary, first of all, to determine as exactly as possible what relation the limits of the
provinces, the largest political divisions of the island in 1887, bear to the much
smaller dittritos gubemativos existing in 1861. This is in order one may be sure that
the statistics which are to be compared deal in every case with identical areas.
At the time of the census of 1861 Cuba was divided into two departments— the
Digitized by
Google
i
700 REPOBT OW THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
deparkanerUo occidental and the departamento onenUd, ^ The iannet—ihe westem departr
ment — was by far the lar^r, comprismg folly two-thiids of the island and containing
twenty-four dutrUos gubemativoB. The eastern department cxmtained bot eight
didrUos gubemalivos. The division into departments seems to have been a military
one, and of little administrative importance.
By a royal decree in 1878 Cuba was divided into six provinces. These in tnm
were subdivided into judicial districts {parUdosjudiciale*), each of which was com-
posed of one or more parishes (ayuntamimtas) , A Spanish authority' gives the
following reasons for this change:
"The royal decree of June 9, 1878, promulgated by the minister for the provinces
beyond the sea {uUramar) , changed the political and administrative organization of
the island of Cuba, making a division of her territory in harmony with her neces-
sities and the growth of her material interests. The political disturbances in the
island had produced the serious civil war, provoked by the enemies of Spanish
domination in the Antilles. The war made necessary an oiganization essentially
military, adjusted to the conditions required for stijitegy. This has now been con-
tinued for some years after the pacification of the country, until the minds of the
people have been calmed, and the benefits of peace, fostering all classes of Intimate
interests, have allowed the military activity to lessen and to yield to the dvil power
the initiative and influence belonging to it
"By virtue of said royal decree the territory of the island of Cuba was divided
into the following six provinces: Pinar del Rio, Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara,
Puerto Rico, and Santiago de Cuba, having at the head of each a civil governor, who
is directly under the Govemor-Greneral of the island.''
It was not possible to find in the documents examined any specific statement in
regard to the areas of the provinces established by the above decree of 1878. It there-
fore became desirable to ascertain what light the maps of Cuba could throw on the
subject Fortunately, there is in the Congressional Library a laige collection of
maps of the island, from among which were selected, as being the clearest and
most authoritative, the large map of Cuba published in 1861 by J. H. Colton, New
York, the small hand map published by the same firm in 1860, the large map of
Cuba made by D. Gordon Gonzalez and published by La Propaganda Literaria in
Habana, in 1861, and the large map published by the United States War Department
in 1898. The Colton maps show better than any of the other maps in the Library
the division into dislriim gubemativos as they existed at the time of the census of
1861. The Gonzalez map of 1881 also gives them, but not clearly. No good map
of date corresponding to the census of 1887 was to be found, and therefore a carefcd
comparison of the Gonzalez map of 1881 was made with the United States War
Department map of 1898. There are maps in the Library collection bearing dates
between 1887 and 1898, but they are small and do not appear to be trustworthy.
The United States War Department map of 1898 is not only the most recent, but it
is far the best and most complete of all the maps of Cuba in the Library collec-
tion. One minor difference in the boundary lines of the provinces between the War
Department map of 1898 and the Gronzalez map of 1881 will be explained in detail
later in this report. Substantially, however, the boundaries of the provinces have
remained unchanged since 1878.
A comparison of the various maps cited above shows that as a general rule the
division lines between the provinces of 1887 and later coincide with the bounda-
ries of the distritos of 1861. Thus Pinar de Rio province comprises the four
digtrUoa — Pinar del Rio, Bahia Honda, Guanajay or Mariel, and San Cristobal, its east-
em boundary following the eastern boundaries of Guanajay and San CristobaL
^ Spanish census of 1860.
* Besena Oeografica y EstaduUca de Espana, Madrid, 1888, pp. 1062, 1063.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX XVI. 701
There are, however, three exceptions to this general role that province boundaries
followed those of the earlier distriios.
The first of the exceptions relates to the municipal district of Guines. When the
provinces were formed Guines was divided, the western part going to Habana
province, the eastern to Matanzas. The territory transferred to Matanzas province
comprised the ayuntamierUos of Alfonso XII, Bolondron, and Union de Reyes, as
given in the census of 1887. The dividing line as given in the Gonzalez map of
1881 varies somewhat from that in the United States War Department map of 1898.
As most of the territory, the status of which is uncertain, is part of a great marsh
(Cienaga de Zapata) the difference between the two maps does not materially affect
the statistics of population. The population of the eastern portion of the old dis-
trict of Guines — the part joined to Matanzas province — was mostly, in 1861, settled
in the northern part, near a line of railroad running east and west and connecting
the cities of Guines and Matanzas.
The second exception relates to the district of Sancti Spiritus. When the prov-
inces were organized this district was divided, the division line following the courses
of the Jatibonico del Norte and the Jatibonico del Sur rivers. The western part was
assigned to the province of Santa Clara; and the eastern part, comprising the ayunr
tamientoa of Moron and Ci^o de Avila, was included in the province of Puerto
Principe. In 1861 the teritory affected was well populated.
The third exception, one of slight importance, is a change of division line which
occurs in but one map. In the War Department map of 1898 the southeastern
boundary of Puerto Principe, separating it from Santiago de Cuba, varies slightly
from that of all the other maps examined. It follows the Jobaba River to within a
few miles of its mouth, then runs due west to the Sevilla River and down that to
the coast. The other maps make the boundary line follow the Jobaba River down
to the coast This also was the boundary line of the district of Puerto Principe in
1861.^ There are no towns in the narrow strip of coast in question, and the variation
can have no important bearing on the population statistics. In a comparison of the
population statistics of 1861 with those of 1887 care should be taken to deduct the
figures of the ayuntamientos of Alfonzo XII, Bolondron, and Union de Reyes &om
the total population of the nine districts, including Guines, which are now com-
prised in the province of Habana. The population of the ayuntamientos of Moron
and Ciego de Avila should likewise be deducted from the total of the six districts,
including Sancti Spiritus, which are now comprised in the province of Santa Clara. '
In the light of the foregoing explanations and references, it becomes possible to
estimate the population in 1861 of the areas included in each province under the
royal decree of June 9, 1878. The population of Pinar del Rio and Santiago de Cuba
in 1861 can be foimd by adding together the populations of four distrUos gubemalivos
in the former case and eight in the latter. But for the other four provinces an
adjustment is necessary. The population in 1887 of that part of Guines included in
Matanzas province was 29,622. This, added to the population of Habana province
in 1887 (451,928) , gives 481,590 as the population at that time of Habana province plus
the part of Guines in Matanzas. The population of that part of Guines was 6.1592
per cent of the total population, 481,590. Assuming that its population was in 1861
the same percentage of the total, the population of this part of Guines in 1861 may
be estimated at 25,846. Subtracting this amount from the total population in 1861 of
Habana province plus the part of Guines in Matanzas, we have 393,789 as the esti-
mated population of Habana province in 1861.
The boundary line established in 1878 between Santa Clara and Puerto Principe
provinces cuts across the district of Sancti Spiritus, and a similar method of estimating
^This difference is probably due to an error in the War Department map. So we
are informed by the Cuban supervisors.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
702 BEPOBT ON THE 0EN8U8 OF OTJBA, 1899.
the population of the part included in the province of Puerto Principe has been fol-
lowed. This part had in 1887 a population of 16,848. The population of Santa Clara in
that year was 354, 122. The entire area coming nearest to Santa Clara in 1861 thus had
a population in 1887 of 370,970. The part lying without the province of Santa Clara
had a population in 1887 4.5416 per cent of the total. Assuming that its proportion
of the total population in 1861 (viz, 284,218) was the same as in 1887, the popula-
tion of that region in 1861 was 12,908. Subtracting this from 284,218, we have
271,310 as the estimated population of Santa Clara in 1861. Adding it to the popu-
lation of the district of Puerto Principe, we have 85,702 as the estimated population
of Puerto Principe in 1861.
On these assumptions the following table has been constructed:
Estimated population of the Cuban provinces in 1861^ based on the results of the censuses
of 1861 and 1887.
Province.
Estimated
population
in 1861.
Habana
Matanzas
PinardelRio
Puerto Principe . .
Santa Clara
Santiago de Cuba.
Cuba
393, 7W
234,524
146,685
85,702
271,810
264,530
1,396.530
APPENDIX XVn.
PREVIOUS CENSUSES OF CUBA.
The official Spanish publications giving the results of past censuses of Cuba are
difficult to find either in libraries or in the book market. An order for them sent
to Madrid was fruitless. A circular letter sent to the leading libraries in the United
States was almost equally without result. The primary sources which were found
available are as follows:
1. A copy of the census of 1841 in the Boston Athenaeum Library/ which was
kindly lent to the Congressional Library for the purposes of this study.
2. A copy of the Spanish census of 1861 in the Congressional Library at Wash-
ington.
3. A MS. copy of the Spanish census of 1877, obtained from London through the
courtesy of the Royal Statistical Society, in whose library the volume is contained.
4. A copy of the Spanish census of 1887, kindly lent by the Cornell University
Library.
As these are all the primary sources which have been available, recourse was neces-
sarily had to secondary authorities. A list of past censuses of Cuba and summary of
results is contained in a footnote to the German periodical. Die Bevblkerung der Erde,
Volume VII, page 80. This table was sent in manuscript to the editors of that jour-
nal by the statistical section of the department of agriculture of Habana. It agrees
in substance with the table found on page 92 of Mr. Robert P. Porter's Industrial
Cuba, but gives more detail, classifying population both by sex and race. Even
these lists, however, lengthy as they are, do not include all the censuses mentioned
in the secondary authorities. The following table has been compiled from various
* Resumen del Censo de Poblacion de la Ma de Cuba a Jin del aflo de 1841, Habana,
1842, pp. 70.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPKNDIX XVn.
703
books, and gives in chronological order the alleged census population of Cuba and
the authority therefor:
Date of alleged
census.
1768
1774
1774
1775
1775
1775
1787
1791
1792
1792
1792
1792
1792
1792
1804
1810
1811
1817
1817
1817
1817
1817
1819
1825
Total
population
reported.
204,155
171,620
172,620
170,370
170,862
171,626
176, 167
272,141
273,939
272,301
272,140
272,141
272.230
254,820
432,000
600,000
600,000
635,604
572,363
630,980
553,033
671,079
553.033
715, OCO
Authority for state-
ment.
Behm and Wagner.
Do.
Pezuela.
Humboldt.
Do.
Do.
Behm and
Humboldt.
Behm and
Delitsch.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Behm and
Do.
Humboldt.
Behm and
Humboldt.
Do.
Delitsch.
Poinsett.
Behm and Wagner.
Do.
Wagner.
Wagner.
Wagner.
I Wagner.
Date of alleged
census.
1827
1830
1841
1846
1846
1W9
1850
1851
1852
1855
1857
1859
1860
1861
1862
1867
1867
1869
1874
1877
1879
1887
1899
Total
population
reported.
704,487
755.695
1.007.624
r54
lb2
140
r42
161
)42
185
)95
VA
129
>30
170
175
in
,,«... .^11
1,446,372
1,521.684
1,424,649
l,631,(i87
1.572,797
Authority for state-
ment.
Behm and Wagner,
Thrasher.
Behm and Wagner.
Official census.
Behm and Wagner.
Arboleya, Thrasher.
Behm and Wagner.
Do.
Delitsch.
Behm and Wagner.
Oo.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Official census.
Behm and Wagner.
Do.
Delitsch.
Behm and Wagner.
Do.
Official census.
Behm and Wagner.
Official census.
Do.
To one familiar with the labor and cost of taking a genuine census the very length
of the preceding list is enough to arouse distrust. That 33 censuses should have been
taken in the island of Cuba in a period of less than a century and a quarter is so
unlikely as to raise a strong presumption against the claim of these figures to set
forth the results of independent enumerations. The weight of the presumption
increases when one notices that between 1841 and 1860 ten different returns are
reported — that is, one about every two years.
To aid in determining the value of these figures a detailed analysis is submitted.
They fall into two classes, those from official sources and those from secondary
authorities. We pass over the first class and offer the following notes, gathered
from various publications, upon the second class:
Census of 1768. — Humboldt says: **The earliest official enumerations of which I
could learn during my stay at Habana were those made by order of the Marquis de
la Torre in 1774 and 1775 and Don Luis de las Casas in 1791." Several other
authorities consulted — viz, Pezuela, D*Harponville, and Delitsch — speak of the
census of 1774 as the first census of the island. Furthermore, the history of Cuba
between the years 1768 and 1774 offers no explanation for the loss of over 30,000
people in the course of six years. Hence it seems probable that no census of Cuba
was taken in 1768.
Cejims of 1774 or 1776. — Although in the passage just quoted Humboldt speaks of
these as two separate enumerations, yet he explains the word "enumeration*' by
the Spanish phrase padrones y censoSf and subsequently uses the word padron alone.
As this word means some form of tax list or other registration rather than a census
proper,* it seems likely that the two different results were obtained by combina-
^ A padron in the broadest sense is simply a roll or list. Its definition in the dic-
tionary of the Spanish Royal Academy is "a catalogue or roll made to show by name
the citizens or residents." The special meaning of the word padron is a register
kept by each municipal district and containing the names, addresses, ages, and other
details regarding the residents. This list was usually under the charge of the police
Digitized by
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704 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
tion of a single count with lustration retnms, if indeed any independent coi|nt
was taken. The very slight differences between the figures returned for 1774 and the
three reports for 1775 support this hyx)othe6is. The figures, 171,626, given by Hum-
boldt in one place, and those given by Pezuela (172,620) in his article on population,*
are clearly but variant forms of the 171,620 given by two other authorities as the
result of the census of 1774. Humboldt also says regarding this census: '* I can not
answer for the correctness of the table quoted from the census of 1775, for 1 have
not seen the official documents.*' Without attempting to reproduce all the minor
discrepancies between the several authorities, the following further analysis of the
figures for 1774 may be given: Whites, 96,440; colored, 75,180. The whites are classi-
fied as 55,576 males and 40,864 females. The colored are classified into 30,847 free
and 44,333 slaves. The free are classified into 11,640 negroes and 19,207 mulattoes.
At this time also, according to Pezuela, there were 29,588 occupied dwellings, not
counting 90 churches, 52 parochial houses, 20 monasteries, 3 nunneries, 2 colleges,
and 19 hospitals.
Census of 1787, — No important reference has been found to this census except in
the authority cited in the table. The other authorities generally refer to the count
of 1791-92 as the second census of Cuba. The figures themselves, too, arouse distrust
by stating that the population of Cuba increased only about 5,000 in the twelve years
from 1775 to 1787, and then increased 96,000 in the next five years. Hence the figures
of 1787 must be set down as an estimate.
Census of 1791 or 1792, — The date of this census is given as 1791 by Humboldt, but
as 1792 by nearly all other authorities. Delitsch in his excellent article on Cuba*
states that the official enumerations are inaccurate and the results given by the vari-
ous authorities differ. As an example he cites the case of the census of 1792, for
which he gives, from different authorities not mentioned, the five figures reprinted in
the preceding table, one of which agrees exactly with Humboldt's figures for 1791.
The latter authority says of the second census of Cuba: *'In 1804 I discussed the
census of 1791 with persons who had great local knowledge. We sought to estimate
the amount of the omissions by making comparisons of the several parts, and it
appeared to us as a result that the population of Cuba in 1791 could not have been
less than 362,700** — that is, that the census understated the true population by about
25 per cent. This population in 1792 is divided by Behm and Wagner into the fol-
lowing classes: Whites, 133,533; colored, 140,386. The whites are divided into 72,209
males and 61,254 females. The colored are divided into 55,930 free and 84,456 slaves.
On the other hand, Pezuela divides a substantially identical total, viz, 272,301, into
82,299 white males, 71,260 white females, 15,845 free mulatto males, 18,040 free
mulatto females, 9,366 free negro males, 10,900 free negro females, 5, 769 slave mulatto
males, 6,366 slave mulatto females, 41,955 slave negro males, and 10,500 slave negro
females.
and was used for purposes of taxation. The law of 1878 required the register or
padron to be corrected every alternate year. It seems probable that the earlier
Cuban law was similar, and that a large majority of the alleged census returns con-
tained in the preceding list (p. 703) were derived from these police tax lists. The
care and accuracy with which such lists would be kept would differ with the strict-
ness of supervision exercised by the authorities in Habana and with the efficiency of
local officers.
* In his Dicctonario de la Isla de Cuba, see p. 729, infra.
' In Wappaus-Stein, Handbuch der Oeographie nnd StaiiMik, seventh edition, vol-
ume 1, pp. 1870-1917. See especially page 1876.
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APPENDIX XVII.
705
The following table brings the classification of the Cuban population in 1792 by
these two authorities side by side:
Cuban census flgurea
of 1792 according to—
Peniela,
1866.
Behm and
Wagner,
1882.
Total population
Whites
Males
Females
Colored
Free
Slave
272, aoo
278,989
1&3,559
82,299
71,260
116,741
54,151
64,590
183,558
72,209
61,254
140,386
55,930
84,456
One who examines carefully these two alleged census returns can scarcely escape
the inference that they are diverse traditions of a single original. Whether the
main variation between 1866, when Pezuela's figures were published, and 1882, when
those of Behm and Wagner appeared, whereby 20,000 whites, half male and half
female, were transferred bodily to the ranks of the negro slaves, was due to accident
or design, is immaterial to the purpose here. In any case the conclusion seems
warranted that very little weight is to be given to these figures.
Cenmsea of 1804 «wrf 1810. — These returns, both total and in detail, bear evidence
of being mere estimates. For each alleged census Behm and Wagner give six
figures. For 1804 everyone of these figures is a round number of thousands, and
for 1810 four out of six are so. This internal evidence that they are estimates and
not actual counts is confirmed by the following explanation given by Pezuela (see
p. 730) of the manner in which the estimate of 1810 or 1811 was made:
** By the aid of the partial registry rolls, Don Francisco Arango y Parreno compiled
some notes in reference to the long interval between 1792 and 1817. According to
his figures the population of the jurisdiction of Habana in 1810 was not less than
161,000 whites, 42,000 free colored, and 147,000 slaves, which represented a total of
350,000 inhabitants for the western part of Cuba. He calculated that in the eastern
part, Santiago de Cuba, there were 40,000 whites, 38,000 free colored, and 32,000
slaves, making a total of 110,000 inhabitants. Seventy thousand more were found
in the territory of Puerto Principe alone, including 38,000 whites, 14,000 free
colored, and 18,000 slaves. In the territory of the four towns he estimated that
there were 35,000 whites, 20,000 free colored, and 15,000 slaves, making a total of
70,000 inhabitants. These notes made by Arango were published July 20, 1811, by
the secretary of the consulate, Don Antonio Valle Hernandez, for the use of the
boanl of instruction. They showed an entire population of 600,000."
This explanation proves that the figures of .1810 and 1811 can not claim to rest
upon an independent count, and in the light of Pezuela's further statement that no
census was published between 1792 and 1817 the alleged census of 1804 is also to be
rejected.
Cerima of 1817, — Humboldt says that the census of 1817 ''is doubtless less imperfect
than that of 1791. However, it, too, was an undercount, due to fear aroused in the
people by an undertaking which is commonly regarded as a disastrous forerunner of
new taxes. Furthermore, the provincial deputation in transmitting the results to
Madrid felt bound to make two modifications: They added 32,641 whites, transient
traders and ships' crews, who were in Cuba on business, and 25,976 African negroes
imported during the year 1817. By this means the provincial deputation swelled
the total to 630,980."
24662 46
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706
REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
The following table gives the diverse results of the several authorities with such
detail as the sources admit:
RmiUs of Cuban cenmu of
1817 according to varioui aulhoriUe»,
Poinsett,
1822.
Humboldt
1825.
Humboldt,
1825.
Delitirh,
1871.
and
Total population
671,079
572.888
680,960
568,083
635,604
Whites
291,901
154.067
225,121
257,880
115.691
199,292
290,021
115.691
225,261
238,890
114,058
199,145
276.689
Free colored
119.221
Slaves
289.694
It will be noticed that the maximum and minimum figures for the total population
differ by 118,000, or 21 per cent.
Some of the discrepancies in the table may be reconciled. The difference in the
number of slaves reported in the first four columns depends upon whether the
25,976 negro slaves said to have been imported during 1817 are or are not included.
The 239,830 whites in column 4, when increased by the 19,430 troops on the island
and the 32,641 transients already mentioned, give the 291,901 whites of Poinsett.
The 154,057 free colored of Poinsett is a clear error, as shown in detail by Humboldt.
But why the Habana report of 1882 printed by Behm should give 4,000 more free
colored, 14,000 more slaves, and 14,000 fewer whites than the general current of
preceding authority can not be explained. On the whole, the figures given by Ham>
boldt are entitled to most respect and to provisional acceptance.
Census of 1819. — The figures given by Behm and Wagner agree with those of
Delitsch for 1817, except that the number of free colored is less and the number of
slaves greater by 17,058, a change which brings the free colored down to the round
number of 97,000.
Census of 1826.— The figures for this census are clearly the roughest estimates. For
example, white males, 175,000; white females, 150,000; free colored, 100,000. No
confidence can be placed in such results, as the chances against their being the out-
come of a count are indefinitely great.
Census of 1827. — Pezuela, in sp^Etking of this census, calls it '* the most complete and
important that had been published up to that time. It was not, like the previous
censuses, a simple summary of population. It was the first description of the public
wealth of Cuba, classified both by products and by departments and jurisdictions.
It was accurate and satisfactory, free from numerical errors and misleading state-
ments. It showed that in spite of the enormous importations of Africans the whites
outnumbered the slaves by more than 24,000. Hence the catastrophe which had
overtaken Santo Domingo, where in 1790 there were 15 slaves for every free person,
seemed not to threaten Cuba" (see p. 731). The secondary authorities examined
and giving the figures of this census, viz, Moreau de Jonnes, Thrasher, the translator
of Humboldt, Delitsch, and Behm and Wagner, are in remarkable agreement While
the praise of Pezuela is clearly exaggerated and his word in such a matter is entitled
to little weight, yet in default of further evidence the results of the census of 1827 must
be accepted as the best possible approximation to the truth. The difficulty in getting
access to these early Cuban returns is illustrated by the statement in the Cuban census
of 1841 that the writer could not find the original material for the census of 1827,
but only the summary of results printed in the Cuadro EstadtsHco of that year.
Census of 18S0.—Ab none of the more careful authorities, such as Delitsch, Thrasher,
Pezuela, and D'Harponville, mention this enumeration, its authority must be
rejected.
Census of I841.'-Tlns was an official census for which the original source has be^i
available.
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APPENDIX XVII. 707
Cemu8 of 1846, — The credibility of this county which reveals an apparent falling off
of over 100,000 in the five years 1841 to 1846, depends mainly upon the acceptance
or rejection of that of 1841. The internal history of the island affords little ground
for believing that the population in these five years actually decreased by more than
10 per cent, a decrease, moreover, confined entirely to the colored population and
almost entirely to the slave population, which apparently dwindled by one-fourth
in ^ve years. Pezuela, who seems disposed to champion all Cuban figures with
more zeal than knowlege, explains the decrease by '*the prolonged droughts and
disastrous hurricanes which afflicted the country during the five years and destroyed
the greater part of the crops/* (See p. 732). Delitsch, on the other hand, explains
the difference as due to the omission of many slaves in 1846. He declares that there
was no actual decrease in the number of slaves in Cuba between 1841 and 1846, and
Thrasher disputes Pezuela's explanation, saying that *'no great cause, as epidemic or
emigration on a large scale, existed during these five years to explain the marked
decrease of the slave population; that the material prosperity of the country experi-
enced no decrease except the loss of part of one crop, consequent upon the hurricane
of 1845; that church returns of christenings and interments point toward an increase
of over 50,000 between 1842 and 1846; and that a capitation tax upon house servants
was levied in 1844 and it was generally feared that this mode of taxation would be
extended." Hence a powerful motive was at work leading to an understatement
of the slave population. Pezuela's explanation is intrinsically improbable because a
general cause like drought, hurricane, or epidemic seldom if ever affects a race,
much less a part of a race, without also affecting other races subject to similar con-
ditions. On a whole, therefore, the census of 1846, confiicting as it does with that of
1841, can not be accepted as accurate,
Cengwes of 1849 , 1850y and 186B. — That the figures printed by Behm and Wagner
for these years do not rest upon independent counts seems clearly established by the
following passage (see p. 732) from the article on population in Pezuela's four-volume
Dictionary of Cuba: '*At the beginning of 1854, when the task of compiling this dic-
tionary was undertaken, we were seriously embarrassed by the fact that no census or
general summary of population had been published since 1846. By the aid of the
head of the commission of statistics we were furnished with a number of documents
relative to the movement of population — i. e., births, deaths, and inmiigration — for
some years after the last census. These documents enable us to estimate the general
population of the island toward the end of 1849.''
CejmM of 1856, — The origin of this return is thus explained by Pezuela (p. 734) in
the article already quoted : ' ' From registry rolls and other data found in the statistical
office at the end of 1855, Arboleya in his last Manual of Cuba made an estimate of
the population.'' The figures given in Pezuela' s table, which follows the quotation
just made, agree with those given in the report made to Behm and Wagner in 1882,
except that 6,432 persons reported as slaves by Pezuela are transferred by Behm and
Wagner to the class of free colored.
Cenms of 1857. — There is no mention of these figures in Delitsch and no evidence
appears that the population of Cuba was actually counted in that year.
Cenmses of 1859 and 1860, — These censuses are not mentioned by Delitsch and no
reason appears for believing that the figures are the result of independent
enumerations.
Census of 1861. — This, like the census of 1841, was a census the official returns
of which have been available.
Census of 1862. — ^These figures are obviously a slightly different rendering of the
census figures of 1861.
Cbmw of 1867. — In discussing the figures of this census the scholarly editor of Die
Bevolkerung der Erde concludes that they were obtained by combining the returns
of 1861 and 1862, and that the returns of 1862 were obtained from those of 1861 by
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708 REPORT ON THE CfEHSUB OF CUBA, 1899.
introducing the births and deaths for the year. At the time that this note waa writ-
ten, in 1874, he concluded that ** if we are to hold to anjrthing definite in Cuba we mast
still go back to the census of 1861,'* and this conclusion is amply supported by the
evidence offered. Delitech agrees with this rejection of the census of 1867, for,
though he includes it in his list, he adds in a note that it rests apparently on an esti-
mate rather than on a new count For the period after 1861, also, when the most
thorough and complete Spanish census of Cuba was taken, it seems best to discard
all returns for which the primary sources are inaccessible and which do not appear to
have been based upon an actual count of the entire population. Hence the allied
censuses of 1869, 1874, and 1879 may also be rejected as probably mere'estimates.
The foregoing information regarding the censuses of Cuba gleaned from secondary
sources warrants the following conclusions:
1. The only alleged censuses of Cuba taken prior to 1841 which seem worthy of
credit are those of 1774 or 1775, 1792, 1817, and 1827.
2. The general consensus of expert opinion regarding these is that they were vitiated
by serious errors.
3. These errors, assuming them to have occurred, lay on the side of omissions.
4. The slaves and free colored were probably enumerated with less accuracy than
the white population and omissions among them were most common.
5. There is some evidence that the returns for 1792 and 1817 have been changed
within the last few decades by a reduction of the reported number of white popu-
lation and an increase in the number of colored.
6. For 1841 and the years following attention may be confined to those censuses
for which ofiicial data are available, since none of the others seem to have resulted
from actual counts of the population.
7. The censuses of Cuba, therefore, worthy of further attention are those of 1 774
or 1775, 1792, 1817, 1827, 1841, 1861, 1877, 1887, and 1899.
As Spanish statistical work was reorganized by a decree of September 3, 1856, some
light will be thrown upon the census work in Cuba subsequent to that date by the
following extracts from a report upon the organization and progress of statistics in
Spain, made to the International Statistical Institute in 1872 by Augustin Pascual,
the official representative of the Spanish Government:
**The Spanish bureau of statistics is a division of the ministry of agriculture,
industry and commerce, education and public works (fomento). It includes the
subjects of the census, statistics, geography, and metrology. Its work is in the hands
of an autonomous office, which is organized in two divisions, one for geography, the
other for the census and statistics. The latter division collects, coordinates, and
publishes statistical returns on all branches of public administration and all subjects
which affect the physical, economic, and moral life of the country, or are of scien-
tific interest.
"The general committee of statistics was established in Spain toward the end of
the year 1856, and, convinced that its most urgent duty was that of ascertaining the
number of inhabitants of Spain, which was at that time imknown, it began its work
by a census of population, which was taken May 21, 1857.* This was a general census
of all persons, and taken as of a single day. Every person was entered according to
his actual domicile. In order to take the first census of Spain successfully many
inquiries were omitted which it might have been well to put, and only those were
included which seemed indispensable. Such was the idea at the basis of the instruc-
tions dated March 14, 1857. By their terms a personal census was to be taken, the
people being classed by place of origin, sex, marital condition, age, and occupation,
the other inquiries demanded by modem statistics being left to a subsequent census.
* No copy of the Spanish census of 1857 has been found in this country, but we are
informed by the secretary of the Royal Statistical Society of London that the work
contains no returns for Cuba.
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APPENDIX xvn. 709
The result was entirely satisfactory to the €k>vemment. The number of inhabitants
enumerated was 15,464,340. While we do not asstmie to guarantee the entire accu-
racy of this number, it was much larger than had been expected. In order to obtain
this result all necessary precautions were taken. The clergy, the civil and military
authorities, the provincial and municipal corporations, as well as Government agents,
vied with each other in performance of their duties. At that time the Government
intended to continue similar operations, and when the results of the census were
made public by the royal order of September 30, 1858, announcement was made that
another census would be taken in 1860 and thereafter every five years. The classifi-
cation was to be extended as far as possible, indicating both the de facto or present
population and the dejure or resident population.
"The royal order of October 30, 1860, decreed a new census, with entry of every
name to be taken as of the same date, viz, December 25 and 26, 1860, in all parts of
the Kingdom. The population taken was to be only the de facto or present popula-
tion, because it was believed that the people were not ready to report also their place
of residence. The classification of ages was changed. The degree of illiteracy was
also to be reported and the classification by occupation included.' The inhabitants
returned by this census were 15,673,536, an increase of 1.35 per cent in the three
years that had elapsed since the census of 1857. This census also gave a classifica-
tion of the population by occupation, which had not been published in 1857 because
of incompleteness in the data. Although the occupation returns in the second census
are imperfect, yet they serve as a beginning, the only purpose that the Government
had in accepting and publishing them. The census of 1860 was declared official by
an order of June 12, 1863, and at the same time a new census was ordered for 1865.
It was to include the provinces of America and the Pacific as well as the islands in
the Gulf of Guinea. It was also ordered that in the census of 1865 the classification
by residence, or the de jure population, should be included. Preparations were
begun for the census of 1865, but considering that a census every five years increased
the expense and did not produce results much more accurate than those already in
hand, since the differences produced in Spain by so short a period were unimpor-
tant, and considering further that foreign countries had adopted a ten-year period
as the most suitable interval between censuses, the plan for a census in 1865 was
abandoned as a result of the royal decree of November 30, 1864, which declared that
the next census should be taken in 1870, and thereafter every ten years. By an
order of June 7, 1870, a census was decreed for that year, on a date to be fixed later.
The census was to be taken name by name and the population to be classified as de
facto and de jure. This census was getting under way when the Government, believ-
ing that at the close of the last revolution in Spain neither the country nor the
administration was in a condition to carry out so great an undertaking satisfactorily,
and neither the imperial treasury nor those of the provinces or municipalities could
well bear the expense, postponed its execution. It is now (1872) impossible to state
when the census will be taken.
**The censuses of Spain taken in 1857 and 1860 were taken upon a day fixed in
advance. The population reported was the de facto population. The work was done
by means of separate schedules, which were left at the house and later collected by
salaried employees. These employees were instructed to answer the questions raised
by the head of the family in filling the blanks. The preparation of these family
blanks and also of the summaries obtained from them devolved upon municipal com-
mittees, and the preparation of blanks for the provinces upon the provincial com-
mittees, both of them assisted by salaried employees. The provincial committees
made up the r^sum^ or abstracts, and also checked the work of the municipalities
and entered their indorsements upon the reports.''
' The tables in the census of 1860 for all Cuba are reproduced in this volume, pages
710-712. The figures for Cuba bear date March, 1861.
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710
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
The geographical divisions of Cuba have N'aried not a little since 1841, and it has
been impossible, from the sources and with the time available, to trace the history of
these changes in detail. It seems best, therefore, to renounce the effort to present
fully the results of the censuses of 1827, 1841, 1861, 1877, and 1887 for any, even the
largest, subdivisions of Cuba. In the following tables all results for Cuba afl a
whole are brought together.
Census of 18fl,
[Table contalDed in the cenmu of IML]
Males.
Females.
Total.
Whites
168.663
61,962
163,290
142,396
64.632
103,662
311.061
Free colored
106,491
Slaves
286,942
Total
406,906
800,662
704,487
OiwiM of 1841 — Papulation,
Total.
0tol6
yean old
16 to 60 Over 60
yean old. yean old.
Widowed.
White males
White females
Free mulatto {pardo$) males . .
Free mulatto {pardas) females
Free negro (morenot) males . . .
Free negro (moreiMs) females .
Slave mulatto males
Slave mulatto females
Slave negro males
Slave negro females
Total
227,144
191.147
43,668
44,896
82,046
32,789
6,868
6,106
276.882
160,189
88,617
88,836
19,001
17,923
8,967
9,078
2,969
2,499
61,666
41,964
183,064
108,460
28,720
26,641
21,488
22,449
2,870
2,666
216,911
105,768
1,007,624
826,489
667,821 28,864
4,174
9,920
491
1.225
511
1.585
10
30
4.148
3,456
26,560
The census of 1841 also gave certain figures for the distribution of population
between city and country as follows. The island was divided into 226 towns or
urban districts with various names, but grouped together as p6blacume», and 279
rural districts.
The population was then divided as follows:
Inhabitants.
226 town districts 360,170
1, 238 sugar plantations {ingenios) 138, 701
1,838 coffee plantations (cafetaUs) 114,760
42, 549 farms (fmcas), etc 393,993
Total 1,007.624
Onms of 1861,
WHITE CUBANS BY NATIONALITY AND RESIDENCE.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Spanish residents. ,
Spanish transients.
Foreign residents.
Foreign transients,
Asiatics
Mexicans
Total whites.
410,678
14,019
4,162
8,789
84,777
712
820,216
3,406
1,146
218
67
8,107
326,377
730.894
17,424
6,298
8,987
81, 8M
1,017
793,481
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APPENDIX XVn.
711
Census of 1861 — Oontinaed.
COLORED CUBANS BY CIVIL STATUS.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Colored free
109,027
218,722
4,779
116,816
151,831
1,871
225,843
Colored slaves .. .
370,553
6,650
Total colored
882,528
270,518
608,046
ALL CUBANS BY SEX.
Cabans.
POPULATION BY MARITAL CONDITION.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Single
862,951
»1,523
10,633
216,721
86,578
23,078
304,866
.23,989
3,678
237,202
24,731
8,585
667,817
118,512
14,306
462,923
111,309
81,668
Married
Widowed ^
POPULATION BY RACE, STATUS, SEX, AND AGE.
Age period.
White.
Male. Female.
Colored.
Free and emanci-
pated.
Male. Female.
Slaves.
Male. Female.
Total.
Underl
lto7
8tol5
16to2J
21 to 25
26 to 30
81 to^
41 to 60
51to60
61 to 70
71 to 80
81 to 85
86 to 90
91 to 95
96 to 100
100+
All ages.
11,947
75,202
67,067
48,641
63,760
64,803
66,793
36,931
19,996
8,674
8,006
• 646
431
93
88
27
468,107
10,898
69,608
69,741
37,739
83.334
82,-958
86,003
22,312
18,649
5,812
2,290
427
418
89
84
25
3,780
23,085
20,903
12,050
10,089
10,562
12,766
8,770
5,968
8,534
1,416
808
355
96
128
56
8,748
22,197
19,632
12,697
11,489
12,385
14,291
9,658
6,570
8,537
1,486
389
892
85
104
27
8,837
21,868
30,369
24,432
21,860
25.770
88,081
25,491
14,873
7,214
8,555
732
707
205
213
65
8.886
21,612
24,711
17,482
14,478
17,818
23.867
14,137
7,603
8,741
1,621
873
291
109
85
17
88,096
233,517
222,423
153,041
155,010
164,296
191,751
117,299
68,156
32.512
13,374
2,876
2,589
677
697
217
325,877
113,806
118,687
218,722
151,831
1,396.530
POPULATION BY RACE, SEX, AND LITERACY.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Malee.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Able to read
166,868
811,744
86,094
240,283
13,819
319,209
13,461
257,067
268,287
Unable to read
1,128,293
Total
468,107
826,877
882.628
270,618
1,896,680
Digitized by VjOOQIC
712
BEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18»».
CfrmiJt of 1861 — Continued.
POPULATION BY RACE AND OCCUPATION.
Occupation.
White.
Ctdored.
Total.
EccledMticfi
Officials in active eervice
Officials retired
Military in active service
Military retired
Proprietors
Laboren
Traders
Manufacturers
Artisans {indutiricdes)
Teachers
Day laborers
Paupers {pcbreu de totemnidad )
Total
779
4,983
226
22,527
450
16.544
156,051
26,204
915
99,688
5.658
20,123
1,476
1.802
214,457
843
180
77,706
800
89,865
851
855,574
335.008
779
4.933
226
22,527
450
17. M6
870.508
26, M7
1.095
177. S9S
5.958
59.968
2,827
690,577
Cmmis of 1877.
DE JURE OR RESIDENT POPULATION BY SEX, RACE, AND NATIONALITY.
Nationality or race.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Total dejure population
1845,577
1663.714
1,509.291
Resident* who were present . ,
M7,029
658,963
1,475,992
Spaniards
528,121
5.709
40,261
242,988
418,961
2,708
. 66
237,228
M7,082
F^reLgners
8,417
Aififttit^
40,327
Colored
480.166
Residents who were absent
28,548
4,751
83,299
Spaniards
20,873
466
2.965
4,244
3,096
162
6
1,487
€3S
Iweigners
Asiatics
2,971
Colored
5,731
1 In our United States copy of this census the males are given as 845.595 and the females aa 663,696
owing to errors in the additions for the municipal districts of Sagua la Grande and Trinidad.
Census of 1877.
DE FACTO OR PRESENT POPULATION, BY SEX, RACE, OR NATIONALITY.
Nationality or race.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Total de/aeto population
850.520
671.164
1,521.684
Residents who were present
817,029
658,963
1,475,992
Spaniards
528.121
5.709
40,261
242.938
418,961
2,708
66
237,228
»17.082
8.417
40,327
480,166
Foreigners
Asiatics
Colored
Nonresidents who were present
83,491
12,201
45.692
Spaniards
22.772
1,769
8,472
5,478
8,138
446
12
3.605
80,910
2,215
Fx>reigner8
AsiaUcs
8,484
9.063
Colored
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX XVII.
Omub of 1887.
DE JURE OR RESIDENT POPULATION. BY SEX AND NATIONALITY.
718
NatlonaUty.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Total dejwrt population
866,407
742.668
1,609,075
Residenta who were present
856,086
739,804
1,595,640
Spaniards
826,777
29,259
786,659
8,145
1,563.486
82,404
Foreigners
Residents who were absent
10,871
2,864
18,235
Spaniards
10,187
284
2,780
84
12.917
Foreigners
818
Onm» of 1887.
DE FACTO OR PRESENT POPULATION, BY SEX AND NATIONAUTY.
Nationality.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Total deSado population
882,600
749,087
1,631,687
Residents who were present
856,036
739,804
1,596,840
Spaniards.....
826,777
29,259
736. C59
8,145
1,563,436
32,404
I'breignerB
Nonresidents who were present
26,564
9,288
35,847
Spaniards
24,145
2,419
8,949
334
83,094
{foreigners
2,753
Census of 1887,
DE FACTO POPULATION WITH DISTINCTION OF SEX AND RACE.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Whites
607,187
275,413
495,702
253,385
1,102,889
Colored
628,798
Total
882,600
749,087
1,631,687
DE FACTO POPULATION WITH DISTINCTION OF RACE AND LITERACY.
Whites.
Colored.
Total.
Able to read and write
867,629
19,685
715,576
56,566
8,450
463.782
424,195
28,135
Able to read only ,
Unable to read , , ,
1, 179, 357
Total
1,102,889
528,798
1,681,687
Digitized by
Google
714
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1809.
APPENDIX XVIII.
CUBAN VITAL STATISTICS. 1890-1899.
In order to supplement as far as might be the returns of the present census, and
to make this volume a collection of available statistics regarding the subject of
which it treats, efforts were made to secure the returns of vital statistics for the
last decade. Owing to the disturbed conditions of the island of recent years these
efforts were not completely successf uL The records of some municipal districts
have been destroyed, and from others at the date of writing no replies have been
received. The returns which were received could not in all cases be adjusted to
the geographical divisions of the island accepted by this census, and it is possible
therefore that a certain amount of duplication may be involved in those returns.
In a few cases minor errors were detected in the tables as received, the separate
figures and the totals not agreeing. In all such cases it has been assumed that
the separate figrures were correct and that totals were incorrect. The detailed
tables of births, deaths, and marriages by municipal districts are given herewith
(pp. 720-726) after the tables for the island, and the returns and notes found in
those should be consulted before the figures for Cuba as a whole are implicitly
accepted. Still the main significance could hardly be affected by the errors thus
noted, and it should be borne in mind that errors of omission are probably much
greater than errors of duplication, in case the latter occurred. With these quali-
fications the following tables for the ten years from 1890 to 1899 are given.
Births reported for Cuba, by provinces and years.
Year.
(city), ingclty.'
Matan-
za8.«
Ptnar
del Rio.
Puerto
Principe.
Santa
Clara.
Santiago Total
1890
4,488
4.817
4.441
4.335
4,205
4,171
4.113
8,788
2,470
7,860
6,658
7,247
7,0B9
2.657
2.487
2,662
2,224
2.841
2,141
2.106
1,685
1,214
1,4«4
2,143
1,906
2.064
2,160
2,418
1.803
1.150
838
542
2,021
11,682
11,641
U.917
11,683
10.aS4
9,202
7.0i8
6,046
2,588
4,019 32,359
1891
4i476 kiriss
189'«»
4.834
3,894
8,481
2.1U
1,269
811
974
2,829
as. 665
1893
31,334
1884
23,880
1895 .
5,859
4.2B7
2,802
i;276
25,410
18«J
19.927
1897
1^.4^
1898
9.0G9
1899
4,181
10,496
Total
40.500
41,978
20,882
17.281
81.680
* 80, 016
232. 24S
1 No returns were received for the province outside Habana city except for the first eight
months of 1890, and these have not been included.
' No returns were received from Matanzas for the year 1894.
* Including 1,785 births in Qibara not distributed to the several years.
The average annual number of births reported daring the four years 1890-1893,
inclusive, was 3 1 ,970. The average annual number of births during the four years
1895-1898, inclusive, was 17,204. If the average number of the last four years had
*r^ been maintained at the average number of the first, four there would have been
\ 59,063 more children bom during the quadrennium 1895-1898 than were bom.
In order to get a rough approipmation to the birth rate, marriage rate, and
death rate of Cuba during the period covered by these returns the following
assumptions regarding changes of population may be made.
(1) That the population of Cuba increased each 3rear from 1887 to 1894, indu-
sive, by 11,000— that is, one-tenth of the increase between 1877 and 1887, 110,003.
(2) That the population decreased from 1894 to 1899 each year by one-fifth of
the difference between the total population in 1894 as thus estimated and the
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX XV III.
715
population of 1899 as reported by the present census. On these assumptions the
population of Cuba each year from 1890 to 1899 was as follows:
Tear.
Population.
Year.
Population.
1890
1.664,687
1,675,687
1,686,687
1,697,687
1,708,687
1895
1.681,509
18B1 ,
1896
1,654.831
1882
1897
1,627,153
1893....
1888
1,599,975
]g94
1899
1,672,797
From these population estimates the birth rate of Cuba may be computed, and
the results are shown in the following table:
Tear.
Birth rate.i
Year.
Birth rate.»
1890
19.4
18.8
19.4
18.5
13.6
1895
15.1
1891
1896
13.1
1892
1897
8.9
1898
1898
6.7
1894
. 1899
6.7
i
1 Births to each 1,000 i>eople.
No confidence can be placed in the accuracy of these figures, and the only thing
of significance in the table is the very marked decrease of the birth rate from a
maximum at the beginning of the x>eriod to a minimum near the end.
A slight clue to the birth rate in Cuba in 1860 may be derived from the Spanish
census of 1861. That enumerated 88,096 persons under 1 year of age (p. 711)*
These were survivors of such as had been bom during the preceding year. As the
enumerated population was 1,396,530, the birth rate per thousand people must have
been higher than 27.3. As at least one- fourth of all children born under such con-
ditions as prevail in Cuba die before the end of the first year, a Cuban birth rate
of 30 in 1861 may fairly be regarded as the minimum limit of probability, and the
rate may have been as high as 35. The rate in Spain is rather over 35 (average
annual birth rate in Spain 1865-1869, 36.7; 1878-1880, a5.7; 1887-88, 36.3). In
Porto Rico the children under 1 in 1899 were 2.76 x>er cent of the population, and
in Jamaica in 1891 they were 2.46 per cent.
For these reasons the omissions in the returns tabulated above are probably
in every case equal to at least one-half of the number reported, yet in most cases
the municipal registers of births seem 'to have been kept with reasonable care
during the civil war, and the very marked decrease in births, therefore, can not
be explained as due to a breakdown of the system of registration. The indications
of the preceding table confirm the results already reached in analyzing age statis-
tics (p. 86). Even in their very fragmentary condition, therefore, they are of
interest enough to warrant an analysis by provinces.
In the following table the birth rate by provinces has been computed on the
following assumptions:
1. That the annual increase of population from 1887 to 1894, inclusive, for each
province except Habana, Puerto Principe, and Santiago was equal to one twenty-
seventh of the total increase from March 14, 1861, to December 31, 1887.
2. That the change from 1894 to 1899, except in Puerto Principe and Santiago,
was one-fifth of the difference between the population of 1894 as thus estimated
and the enumerated population of 1899.
3. That Puerto Principe and Santiago, the first of which decreased in popula-
tion from 1861 to 1887 and increased from 1887 to 1899, while the second increased
only slowly from 1861 to 1887, but rapidly between 1887 and 1899, made the entire
gain between 1887 and 1894, and thereafter remained stationary for five years.
4. That in 1887, when the city as distinct from the municipal district of Habana
was not separately reported, the population of the city bore the same relation to
the population of the municipal district including it as it did in 1899.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
716
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18d9.
5. That the population of Habana city increased Bteadily from 1887 to 1899 by
an eqnal annual amount.
In explanation of these assumptions it may be stated that the census of 1877 in
Cuba, taken during the Ten Years' War, is probably much less trustworthy than
that of 1861; that the x>opulation in 1861 of the provinces as now constituted has
been carefully estimated for this census by methods elsewhere expl'uned (pp.
699-702) and that the influx of immigrants into Habana city during the years of
civil war may have caused an increase of population there while the total popula-
tion of the island was decreasing.
Approximate birth rate of Cuban provinces 1890-1899,
Year.
Habana
(city).
Mantan-
zas.
Pinar
delRla
Puerto
Prlndpe.
Santa
Clara.
Santiago.
1880
21.84
20.66
20.03
20.10
19.20
18.76
18.21
16.53
10.62
17.72
28.05
25.29
27.43
26.55
11.88
10.26
11.07
9.13
9.50
9.24
9.70
8.08
6.47
8.46
28.00
25.06
25.05
25.83
27.40
21.46
13.15
9.51
6.15
22.93
32.18
31.77
82.26
31.85
28.82
24.75
19.14
13.86
7.17
13 58
1891
14.73
1882
13.90
1898
12.18
1894
10.62
1895
23.13
17.61
10.10
5.08
6.54
1896..
3.87
1897
2.48
1896
2.V7
1899
B cB w QD
Santa Clara
Mantanzas
Puerto Principe
Habana City
Cuba
Santiago
P. del Bio
*
V.
\
^'
••«-..
^
^
^^
k ^\
jl 1
""^
\
^
\\
^
\
Nw
\.i »
\
^V
N
Sv\
\;
^
<^
•^
k
^
V
V
\
\
^
•^^
s
40
30
80
10
Birthrates.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX XVm.
717
Few inferences can be drawn with confidence from a table in which the margin
of error is as great as in the present. The records of the two provinces of Pinar
del Rio and Santiago are evidently far more incomplete than those for the other
provinces. One may note, however, the regular decrease in the birth rate in each
province to a minimum in 1898, except for Santiago, where the rate for the year
before was slightly less. In the four cases in which the birth rate for 1899 is given
there was a marked rise which in Puerto Principe carried the rate well up toward
the normal. In Habana city and Pinar del Rio the influence of recent disasters
upon the birth rate was apparently much less marked than in any of the remain-
ing four provinces, but owing to the serious omissions this inference regarding
Pinar del Rio is of doubtful accuracy.
In the following table the marriages and deaths reported in Cuba during the
decade 1890-1839 are given by provinces and the marriage rates and death rates
found on the same assumptions are added. In order to make the results more
clear to the eye they have been expressed in gpraphic forms as a series of curves.
Marriages reported for CuJbay by provinces and years.
Year.
Habana
(city).
Matan-
zas.
Puerto
Principe.
Santa
Clara.
Santiago.
Cuba.
1890
963
996
1.000
1.033
866
901
953
821
861
1.188
1,107
1,204
1,244
1,167
468
388
401
404
866
343
196
151
2»
300
2,346
2.403
2.618
2,446
1,881)
J.445
883
680
680
642
614
623
663
665
868
212
126
142
471
6.616
1891
5,6(15
1898
5,916
1893
5.601
1894
8,676
1895
791
310
251
307
3,818
1890
2,653
1897
2,038
1898
2,118
1899
1.963
Total
9,606
7,290
3.969
17.006
6.764
43.635
Marriage returns for Habana province outside of Habana city and for Pinar
del Rio province have not been received.
No returns were received from Matanzas province for 1894 and none for either
Matanzas or Santa Clara province for 1899.
The total for Santiago includes 456 marriages in Gibara and 60 in Biayari not
distributed to the several years.
Deaths reported for Cuba, by provinces and years.
Year.
Habana
(city).
MaUn-
zas.
Pinar del
Rio.
Puerto
Principe
Santa
Clara.
Santiago.
Cuba.
1890
7.433
7.105
7.185
6,831
6,730
7.410
11,728
18,123
21,235
8.153
6.818
6,203
7,181
7.017
1,874
1.737
1,81*
i.m
1.857
2.878
8,638
16.454
14.186
4.1«3
1.265
1.168
1.181
1,133
1,135
2,363
2,531
3.365
2,875
1.903
7.976
7.934
8.117
8,422
8,427
9.709
14.749
46. 4n
40.885
3.300
8.760
8,324
3.160
8.334
6.523
9.894
9,971
12,053
3.604
28,673
1891
27.906
1893
28,803
1893
28,343
1894
21,473
1895
7.008
10.404
25,347
18.<J88
35.891
1890
58,034
1897
118,737
1898
109,272
1899...
17.807
ToUl
101.082
M.423
54.352
21.186
150,709
60,299
600.900
No returns were received for Habana province outside Habana city, except for
the first eight months of 1899, and these have not been included.
No returns were received for Matanzas province for 1894, nor for Matanzas
or Santa Clara province for 1899.
The total for Santiago includes 3,109 deaths in Gibara and 103 in Mayari not
distributed to the several years.
The number of deaths reported during the four years 1890-1893 was 113,734,
an annual average of 28,431. That during the four years 1895-1898 was 321.934, an
Digitized by VjOOQIC
718
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
annual average of 80,483 and an increase of 53,052 deaths a year over the number
reported in time of i>eace and relative prosjierity. This means an increase for the
fonr years of 208.210 deaths over and above those which would have occurred had
the conditions of the years immediately preceding persisted. To this number
may, perhaps, be added 50,063 as the number by which the reported births for
1895-1898 fell below those for 1890-1893. By this method it appears that the loss
of life in Cuba during the four years 1895-1898, resulting from an increase of
deaths and a decrease of births from the ratios of the preceding years, was probably
in round numbers not less than a quarter of a million (267,273). In judging this
rough estimate it should be remembered that no returns at all were received from
Habana provinoe outside Habana city and that this territory included in 1899
one-eighth (12 per cent) of the population of Cuba. If one assumes that this
territory lost in proportion to its population equally with the rest of Cuba, the
approximate loss rises to over 300,000 (303,700). Even this number, if we note the
evidence from the figures themselves that registration in many parts of Cuba has
been defective, and recall that from a number of municipal districts no returns
were received, may fairly be deemed rather an understatement of the actual loss
of life.
Pro mille ratio of marriages in Cuba to total (estimated) population, by provinces
and years.
Year.
Habana
(city).
Matan-
zas.
Puerto
Principe.
Santa
Clara.
Santiago.
Cnba.
1890
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.8
4.0
4.1
4.2
8.6
8.7
5.0
4.2
4.6
4.7
4.4
6.1
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.1
3.9
2.2
1.7
2.6
a6
6.5
6.6
7.1
6.6
5.0
3.9
2.4
1.9
1.6
2.2
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.1
.6
.4
.4
1.4
3.3
1891
1892
1893
as
3.5
3 3
1894
2.1
1896
3.1
1.3
1.1
1.4
2 3
1896
1.5
1897
1 3
1898
1-3
1899
op op oQ 00 CO qp CQ
^^*^ ^^^^ ^•••^ rrs^ 1^^^
Santa Clara
Puerto Principe
Habana City
Matanzaa
Cuba
Santiasro
Marria^ rates.
Pro mille ratio of deaths in Cuba to total (estimated) population, by provinces and
years.
Year.
Habana
(city).
Matan-
zas.
Pinar
del Rio.
Puerto
Principe.
Santa
Clara.
Santiago.
Cuba.
1890
36.2
34.0
83.8
81.7
80.7
83.3
51.9
79.0
91.0
34.6
26.9
23.6
27.2
26.5
8.0
7.3
7.5
7.3
7.5
12.4
89.8
76.3
75.5
23.9
16.5
14.7
14.3
18.3
12.9
268
28.7
38.1
88.6
21.6
22.0
21.7
22.0
22.6
22.4
26.1
40.1
127.6
113.3
11.2
12.4
10.6
9.9
10.1
19.9
80.2
30.4
86.8
10.9
17.2
16.7
17.1
16.7
12.6
21.3
35.1
73.0
6B.8
1801
lH9a
urn
nm
.895
27 7
43.6
111.2
84.1
1890
1897.
1898
1899
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPEITOLX XVin.
96 86 86 S I
719
Habana City
Matanzas
Santa Clara
Cuba
Puerto Principe
Santiago
Pinar del Rio
\
i\
/\.
/i
1
/ \
1
\i
/n
A
T
-^^
-
--,
,."
— —
■ —
^
1
^
y^
130
130
no
100
90
70
50
40
•»
10
Death rates.
The marriage rates for all years and all provinces are very low, due both to the
small number of marriages in Cuba, for reasons explained in the discussion of
marital conditions, and also to the imperfections of the records. Everywhere
except in Habana city the marriage rates fell slowly after 1894 to a minimum
reached in 1897, except in Santa Clara, where the rate in 1898 was somewhat
lower.
While the marriage and birth rates sank, the death rates rose to maxima usually
in 1897, but in Habana city and Santiago the maxima were in 1898. The fluctu-
ations from year to year are brought out clearly in the diagram.
Digitized by
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720
REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1809.
The following tables give the retarns of births, marriagee, and deaths by muaic*
ipal districts as reported to the Director of the Census. No retoms by districta
were received for Habana proyince outside Habana city, or for Pinar del Rio:
Birtfis, 1890-1899, by municipal dittricU.
HABANA.
aty of Habana.
1800.
4,488
1891.
4,317
1892.
4.441
180B.
4,886
1894.
4,205
1806.
4,171
1806.
4,113
1807. I 1^.
1800. TotaL
8,788 I 2,470
PEOVINOE OP MATANZAS.
4,181
40.500
Alacranes
283
IW
399
344
53
147
700
297
150
206
130
170
375
332
157
256
141
119
468
197
063
211
62
102
207
188
153
121
307
229
473
487
60
128
703
291
179
104
150
139
303
255
238
298
IM
105
464
164
961
208
120
122
232
160
177
131
308
211
342
3»
124
141
652
285
153
193
122
201
348
232
232
204
125
125
305
99
809
187
89
92
168
114
51
153
4S4
245
428
306
110
120
657
291
176
240
205
201
306
258
291
274
155
136
304
162
921
238
m
97
118
145
96
130
356
226
318
322
90
198
667
281
142
f^
W
239
204
182
287
297
103
99
304
168
967
208
101
105
103
110
199
125
:::::::
313
187
226
842
85
167
600
271
82
207
05
222
147
143
253
184
126
68
175
132
960
150
108
82
129
168
lOS
126
170
100
84
196
9
108
550
201
J4
204
107
86
29
58
140
129
85
58
64
50
1,441
02
25
50
66
32
21
128
88
56
66
70
1
41
331
60
17
130
74
115
20
127
50
01
10
12
51
63
689
12
12
34
17
78
6
64
48
41
37
24
0
0
228
18
5
84
21
66
18
86
10
43
7
16
45
16
879
19
5
20
3
26
2
2,208
1,483
2.373
2,456
5U
Amarillari
Bolondron
Oftl^^WMI , .
Camarioca
Canaal
1,053
Cardenas
*4,0TS
Ceiba Mocha
Cimar ones
1.005
018
Colon
1.710
1 040
Cueritas . .
Encomendador
1.43)
1,840
1,<33
1.676
1,88S
833
Guamntas
Jagney Grande —
Jo\ ellanos....
lyA^nf llan
Macaflrna - .....
73S
Macurises
2.450
Mangnito
l,(»l
8.00k)
Matan74i« ... . .
Palmllliw ... , .
1.331
63i
Pertoo
«7m
Roqne
Ban Jo66 de las Ra-
mos
1.118
1,011
8S3
Santa Ana
Union de Reyes ....
M.oas
Total
7,119
7,300
6,658
7,247 1 7,089
6,860
4,287
2,802
1,276
40, 007
1 This total is reported as 4.982.
• This total is reported as 724.
* This total is reported as 1,126.
PROVINCB OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
1888.
1889.
1800. 1 189L
1
1892.
1893.
1804.
1805.
1806.
1807.
1898.
1800.
Total.
Puerto Principe
Nuevitas
Minas
1.199
141
86
59
1,101
118
97
57
1,111
m
87
47
1,067
151
8
52
1,008
157
87
46
998
167
175
27
6
18
83
86
242
141
217
1,171
201
73
31
60
22
99
66
261
986
181
66
15
15
658
105
87
408
150
81
314
79
25
115
63
50
11.105
1.77«
785
Caanao
384
8. Jeronimo
81
LasYegnas
BantaCrnz
Cascorro
17
91
42
268
130
144
33
69
57
200
254
120
23
81
93
266
236
128
26
101
72
247
148
121
83
103
71
254
114
191
172
59
41
11
15
120
27
227
801
20
883
514
Moron
CioRodeAvila...
Chambfts
105
277
99
87
123
18
88
120
34
75
2.364
2,185
11244
Total
2,176
2,166
2,143 |1,993
2,064
2,160
2,418
1,808
1,160
888
642
2,021
21,568
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX XVin.
721
BirthSy 1890-1899, by municipal dt«^ric^«^Contlntied.
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.
1889.
180a
1801.
1802L
180a
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1896.
Total
Alnrvtis .............
102
lOtt
208
42
196
296
SOU
206
0
101
838
241
160
167
222
86
96
96
68
196
831
490
«*0
92
824
212
148
221
205
72
76
269
47
184
257
515
260
42
95
802
268
276
178
188
78
108
97
86
222
278
600
108
70
88
830
228
242
181
151
76
98
285
44
188
281
584
175
87
122
874
228
185
178
240
75
98
83
55
211
294
667
172
79
95
782
182
148
154
228
SO
69
0
40
289
174
560
155
58
84
696
162
62
106
146
89
888
142
14
157
1
60
8
79
68
86
86
180
419
204
81
126
169
608
79
144
87
202
706
802
m
216
890
166
487
177
68
87
65
55
270
20
284
94
891
88
48
99
728
78
141
92
15
60
281
47
2
29
""ft"
4
84
16
40
76
125
229
106
47
108
281
9
78
470
81
118
10
129
407
218
261
254
482
97
288
142
14
40
23
12
101
18
221
85
812
40
20
85
668
79
104
104
0
68
166
88
7
14
7
62
1
4
20
4
41
84
116
SO
63
99
206
8
57
872
8
77
0
41
880
166
89
874
877
88
100
106
2
19
85
4
14
10
186
19
191
9
85
58
11
85
46
8
2
10
■"*"49'
0
0
10
8
9
87
96
82
11
83
96
0
25
198
1
24
0
14
99
62
11
187
262
123
88
58
0
25
647
AlvarwB.. ...........
721
Ban Ao
1,825
OftbMniAn . . .,
865
Calbarien
2,018
2054
r!AfnA.4n&nf ...... ^ , - ^
41700
> 1,510
Clbjicawl
410
Ciudlffa
890
ptAnfnMmH
7,412
Glfll6Dt68 .......... .
1,691
CejadePaUo
CrnoM
1,497
1486
1405
202
TCfrnf^rania
449
168
26
180
118
62
71
116
64
86
94
215
420
894
147
186
406
m
164
611
164
244
76
264
797
272
442
662
439
40
266
206
81
124
462
180
26
204
181
81
84
189
76
117
66
216
407
877
121
172
425
120
188
600
177
282
64
278
778
860
518
581
460
54
879
152
50
185
462
177
26
180
129
64
66
149
78
185
66
217
487
866
161
VB^
856
121
162
557
149
246
86
280
786
858
518
428
895
150
846
214
65
87
407
197
19
188
128
68
64
165
72
114
89
246
627
221
185
161
889
106
148
614
163
284
57
824
827
800
644
868
488
128
451
189
229
108
454
190
118
68
41
158
78
101
60
208
491
818
122
144
800
129
119
606
185
169
80
834
575
818
486
805
488
195
498
281
222
178
25
218
146
57
181
181
72
72
102
208
500
821
119
159
851
104
197
589
14
105
67
266
780
821
238
296
414
160
833
264
184
204
8,607
WnnMito
n,20»
Ooaniqiiical
Ovinia deMfarimdii'.
Isabel deSagoa....
158
1,877
768
689
465
JJSI3!SS^.:::::::
909
584
NeSa!^::::::::::
^
Palniarejo ... ^ ^ .... .
696
Palmira
1,786
8,782
2,887
1.007
1,814
Placotas
Qnemado de Ool-
nea........ ........
RanchoVeloa
Ranchndlo
Romedio. ^ ^ -. ^ - ^ . ^ ^.-
8,221
800
Rio Dice
Rodaa
1.807
Bancti Bpirltns
BanDie^
•5,086
4021
San Fernando
Ban Francisco
San Jnan de las
Teras
1,738
477
2,132
Santa Clara
SanU Isabel de las
Lajas
•6,167
2.722
Santo Domingo
Saffoa la Orande . . .
Tnnidad
8.441
8487
4.070
1,151
8,066
Tuinucn ...... ......
Vneltas
VamtaiaT..
1.788
865
Ygnara
Tagnaramas
947
Total
11.879
11,692
11,641
U,»17
11,682
10,824
9,202
7,048
5,046
2,588
96,009
1 This total is reported as 1, 460.
• This total is reported as 1,269.
• This total is reported as 5,096.
24662 i6
* This total is reported as 1,018.
• This total is reported as 6,U7.
Digitized by
Google
?22 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Births, 1^90-1899, 6y municipal di8trict9^Contiime&,
PBOVmCB OF 8ANTIAOO.
[If nnidpal dlstriots marked thus (^) tend no retnms for these taUes. From districts mariced
thoM (t> rettims »re certainly incomplete. From districts i
incomplete.]
I ms^ed thus (t) tliey are probablj
1MB.
188i.
18Qa
1891.
1868.
1808.
1894.
1805.
1806.
1897.
1806.
1800.
Total
AltoSongo
468
US
140
M8
4ftl
la
168
216
488
4M
160
121
248
487
566
176
126
260
468
660
06
118
288
447
476
118
94
160
886
684
109
109
162
175
807
74
22
98
87
174
150
26
92
88
69
96
10
85
34
17
24
8
17
69
819
100
84
82
8,898
4.S38
Bayamo^
1 m
Campecbuela
1.011
1,799
Cobre*
Criiito*
Gibarat
1,785
Ouantanamo X
HolKuin
Jlimsni^
600
185
586
173
806
169
804
152
1,027
104
726
126
491
118
845
127
268
124
147
118
608
50
884
186
6,048
1,027
ManzaniUot
Mayarit
681
791
480
1,008
687
749
788
642
264
204
166
857
56
125
427
7,284
66
Nlqnerot
126
PalmaSoriana
Puerto Padre*
177
aso
488
428
420
458
891
146
53
40
82
3.401
Safirna de Tanamo .
BanT.nlfi
Santiago de Cnba t
880
270
478
220
810
190
318
214
408
222
310
249
209
180
78
44
47
24
40
U
18
61
160
1.860
2.8(a
Total... .
3,883
4,124
4,019
4,476
4,384
8,894
3,481
2,144
1,209
811
974
2.820
37.968
Marriages 1890-1899 by municipal districts,
HABANA.
1800.
1891.
1892.
1808.
1804. 1 1895.
1806.
1897.
1898.
1899.
TotaL
Oityof Habana
053
996
1,000
1.082
866 1 901
958
821
861
1.188
9.586
PROVINCE OP MATANZAS.
1888.
1890.
1801.
1892.
1898.
1894.
1806.
1806.
1897.
1888.
Total,
Alarranes .
20
88
82
90
20
20
100
25
10
27
1
12
50
17
85
22
6
20
34
45
167
23
32
1
33
15
3
13
45
43
40
75
14
14
91
26
38
41
8
19
46
42
105
29
23
21
60
34
192
26
6
10
20
20
26
9
60
66
48
72
44
16
60
84
46
52
2
20
67
49
72
19
23
17
50
6
222
24
28
6
44
16
22
12
65
47
87
81
40
23
95
26
46
40
0
21
52
30
91
39
22
22
64
6
216
24
30
8
30
32
39
5
50
84
46
65
28
45
87
26
19
40
4
26
57
25
53
25
24
13
52
4
233
23
86
0
80
-58
28
31
40
40
24
28
64
16
5
17
8
24
28
20
40
17
27
18
28
8
186
17
6
4
17
30
28
12
0
12
4
17
1
5
51
6
7
15
0
2
7
1
5
8
2
6
8
0
106
10
10
5
8
8
4
2
88
12
128
2
7
4
2
10
8
U
18
0
0
27
1
2
12
6
12
5
11
12
9
0
9
12
2
106
9
1
9
1
14
1
7
291
AmAniliM . .
265
Bolondron ..........
264
CnheKsa
408
Camarioca
m
Oanasi
147
Cardenas
ess
Celba Mocha
Cimarones
156
176
Colon
266
Cnevltas
25
Encomendador
OuAmaoara
136
«817
208
Jaguey Grande
Jovellanoe
416
174
TjJtgllTI'tllftg .
127
Macagua
127
Macanges
ao6
Manguito
108
Matanzas
1,547
Maximo Gomez ....
Pftlmillfw
160
160
Perico
44
Roque
*UM
San Joe6 de los
Ramas
199
Santa Ana
48 1
18
166
Unidnde Reyes
75
Total
91»
1,107
1,204
1,244
1,157
791
810
251
807
7 290
1 This total is reported as 318.
3 This total is reported as 184.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPENDIX XVIU.
728
Births, 1890^1899, hff municipal dis^ricf^— Contixitied,
PBOVINCB OP PUKBTO PRINCIPE.
1888.
1880.
isoa
1891.
1802.
18Qa
1894.
1896.
1896.
1897.
1806.
1899.
Total
Puerto Prlnolpe. . .
NueTitos
206
24
10
8
227
17
6
2
880
27
10
4
280
86
......
8
1
23
208
82
7
12
18
"'i2
283
89
14
2
9
4
16
215
84
10
6
8
4
9
205
86
8
1
142
22
2
86
18
2
167
22
2
188
24
20
3
2,441
831
IfinAH.
91
CftQDBO ...r
42
San JeiySoimo
88
Las Yegoas
Santa Cruz del Bur
8
18
'"is
1
13
13
16
6
85
81
5
4
5
1
20
1
87
19
2
156
7
Mor6xi
44
20
20
38
87
23
28
84
12
26
48
17
47
88
27
27
45
15
26
42
12
5
20
1
12
28
8
28
882
CiadaddeAvila...
Kyhamban. ...
885
134
Total
848
368
468
888
401
404
865
348
196
151
228
809
3,969
PEOVTNCB OP SANTA CLARA.
1889.
1890.
1891.
^
1808.
1894.
1896.
1896.
1897.
1898.
Total.
J^lyi^^^K , .__
20
15
20
3
U
42
50
18
0
12
110
26
50
9
37
21
21
28
2
44
78
79
71
• 0
12
194
90
28
23
45
14
28
21
I
43
64
88
58
3
24
163
61
71
22
46
81
30
21
2
60
90
98
56
19
28
173
180
67
12
66
26
21
22
6
46
78
66
56
8
17
166
111
60
82
76
20
38
13
2
41
IS
49
10
20
182
71
84
19
46
7
17
14
5
27
12
41
49
8
11
184
68
18
24
48
5
92
82
8
5
4
2
16
0
18
il
12
8
15
186
28
il
1
1
38
8
0
0
15
2
18
0
20
5
21
8
4
10
121
9
14
8
1
10
16
5'
0
15
0
21
2
20
5
21
2
2
8
96
10
7
18
4
5
10
3
0
8
178
Alyarea. -....• ......
169
Banao
184
CabaflToan.....'. ^-^-
28
Csdbtaien
m
>484
642
808
Owu^^S
57
f^irima
167
Oienfaeflros ......
1,427
Ctfuentee ...........
^6^
OejadePaWo
iJtJlC98 -.
857
>186
Ciunanairaffna
^IncniciJa^ ........
843
21
Bsneranza.. ...
86
26
5
13
9
0
1
U
12
5
10
18
77
87
16
80
50
10
19
116
19
28
6
88
252
40
117
05
81
2
12
7
0
22
186
22
1
17
8
5
14
20
17
1
12
27
109
91
11
25
97
14
18
189
10
45
5
32
227
90
80
100
89
0
106
85
0
12
129
29
8
18
16
6
10
17
7
14
12
26
110
112
12
23
08
10
19
118
19
75
12
49
224
68
117
82
91
10
124
84
7
5
106
52
8
16
26
4
24
21
4
7
84
64
128
92
26
21
96
22
17
lOBI
25
58
9
44
208
60
113
78
85
25
146
26
9
27
110
40
8
U
0
5
18
51
11
4
17
55
96
m
24
16
89
26
26
108
18
55
6
41
167
82
102
82
95
28
114
88
10
12
92
80
2
11
813
FomePtrt --
236
Ouanlqulcal
Onelra
OiiItiIa (1a ^1i*andH
26
laabeladeSagna...
Jibaro
7
16
16
6
8
4
29
77
83
18
22
54
18
86
117
9
43
4
42
127
60
69
66
86
12
72
26
6
27
i'
7
10
8
7
4
25
57
49
8
17
46
5
24
66
8
34
4
15
128
87
89
58
44
8
85
24
0
21
8
0
4
1
0
2
18
32
23
0
18
24.
6
15
62
3
23
1
10
lOi
25
28
32
66
0
46
15
0
1
9
0
0
2
0
1
9
17
7
11
12
17
0
12
51
6
56
0
8
00
14
20
29
56
0
16
7
0
0
7
8
0
0
0
0
9
28
9
11
18
14
2
14
46
2
3
0
6
82
22
9
37
27
5
13
9
0
0
60
98
Manicaragaa
MavaiinnA
160
68
jBa^iqua..........
46
Palmarejo -
90
270
Placotas
726
Quemados de
QtLines
664
RanchoVeloz
Ranchnelo
187
192
Remedios...........
688
Rio Dice
Bodas
107
200
Sanctl-Spiritofl
Ban Di«go X.-,., , .
919
118
tian Fex^oando
San Francisco
San Joan de las
Teras
419
47
280
Santa Clara
SanU Isabel de las
Lajas
Santo Domingo
Sagoa la Orande ...
Tmldad
1,620
488
684
668
720
Tolnucn
85
Vn^ltiw
788
Yagnajay
1^6
Ygnara .'.
«88
IJignaramas
127
Total
1.788
2,346
2,408
2,618
2,446
1,880
1,445
882
680
580
17,026
1 This total is reported as 433.
' This total is reported as 60L
' This total is reported as 266.
* This total is reported as 88.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
724
BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Deaths, 1890-1899 , by muncipal dt9<rtc^«— Continiied.
PROVINCE OP SANTIAGO DE CUBA.
[Manicipal districts marked (*) send no retnms for these tables. From districts marked (t)
returns are certainly incomplete. From districts marked ($) they are probably incomplete.]
1888.
1880.
1800.
1801.
1802.
1898.
1804.
1805.
1806.
1807.
1806.
1890.
TotaL
Alto Bongo
Baraooa
23
90
22
95
22
112
85
94
57
84
86
02
41
66
8
81
5
10
2
8
4
8
25
43
280
732
Bayamo* .
Oampechuela
Caney...
15
25
7
25
22
81
40
17
6
87
18
84
10
17
8
10
2
6
1
2
0
0
23
14
156
227
c^Sk:::::::::::
Cristo*
Qibarat
45ft
Onantanamo t ' - • •
Holffuin
86
65
05
45
128
78
89
87
101
80
106
44
117
70
84
54
42
44
21
25
85
26
76
162
075
790
Jiffnanl^
Mansanillot
Mayarlt ..
75
52
108
01
150
126
120
04
81
57
40
64
1,001
*«0
Niauerot
10
16
10
Palma Soriano...
40
86
48
88
85
48
40
25
8
4
10
aa
San Luis .'
Santiago de Caba t
44
SB
15
25
51
68
21
162
41
82
85
84
28
80
23
17
8
11
5
1
8
7
20
18
204
4I»
Total
485
427
642
614
628
668
665
866
212
126
142
471
6,754
> Record for 1806 and 1800 not separated.
Deaths 1890-1900 by municipal districts,
HABANA.
18M.
1801.
1802.
1893.
1804.
1806.
1896.
1807.
1896.
1890.
TotaL
H»lMUi»Clt7>
7,482
7,105
7.185
6,881
6,780
7,410
11,728
18,128
21,285
8,153
101.092
> The foregoing are the official flgores for the decade, as published in the report of MaJ. J. G.
Dayis. We naye also reoeiyed in manuscript the deith record for the city of Habana, including
Puentes Grandes, as follows:
1880 7,500
1801 7.210
1802 7,201
1808 6,647
1804 7.108
1805 7.382
1806 11,768
1807 18,085
1808 21,266
1890 8,156
MATANZAS.
Alacranes
Amarillas -
Bolondron.....
Cabesas ,
Camarioca
Canasi
Cardenas
Ceiba Mocha...
Cimarrones
Col6n
Cueyltas ,
Encomendador.
Guamacara
Guamutas
JagHey Grande,
Joyellanos
Lagunillas
Macagua
Macuriges ,
287
' 261
272
307
185
123
116
119
801
430
381
398
108
226
155
196
87
42
62
62
84
87
84
100
076
711
688
730
142
150
135
166
184
179
139
215
261
801
269
363
130
129
141
165
120
155
141
220
285
310
226
800
206
262
202
202
111
136
145
141
207
867
317
405
129
105
97
122
108
102
117
104
428
483
379
379
281
130
404
214
61
101
722
125
172
440
125
105
268
211
134
816
104
158
383
281
437
1,351
875
106
272
710
408
846
868
887
800
101
882
1,652
732
48
13
63
5
118
164
85
0
751
1,288
8,112
2,182
128
2C7
1,218
538
163
132
260
161
574
1,219
1,868
067
132
283
580
246
247
180
623
438
107
lie
163
643
191
08
808
804
147
305
1,110
286
331
400
1.004
670
126
42
88
26
114
Z12
170
160
357
467
601
546
4.2S2
2.114
4,3»
8,946
9BS
766
10.705
2.8Q0
1.614
5,781
1.800
2,826
2,581
2,074
2.«16
4,187
783
1,840
4.008
Digitized by VjOOQIC
APPBiroiX XVlll.
725
DeatJis 1890^1900 by municipal districts — Continned.
MATAJSrZAS— Continued.
1880.
1800.
1801.
1802:
1808.
1804.
1805.
1806.
1807.
1806.
Total
Mftncfn^^
182
1,280
187
58
00
1B4
153
04
111
183
1,168
176
00
00
168
182
100
115
128
1,180
157
75
182
142
151
86
190
158
1.863
187
88
100
120
201
128
148
145
1,8^
108
88
101
106
100
151
171
140
1,406
163
77
182
110
217
08
161
140
57
187
50
866
81
828
416
6,720
880
14
361
145
206
817
868
264
5,072
330
20
241
156
326
250
578
1.756
22,762
2,542
541
M^tMllSAff
Maximo Oomez....
Palintllas
Perloo
U 803
Boqne -
1,100
1,903
1,318
2,616
San J0116 de lop
BamoB
Siintft Ana
Union de Reyes....
Total
6,a7
0,818
6,202
7,181
7,017
7,006
10,404 25,847
18,088
04.42
* This total is reported as 1,463.
The geographical divisions named here and in the Santa Clara tables differ in
many instances from those in the Official Bulletin. It has been found impossible
fully to harmonize them.
PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE.
1888.
1880.
1800.
1891.
1892.
189a
1804.
1805.
1896.
1807.
1806.
1899.
Total.
Puerto Principe..
Nnevitas
781
88
40
9
776
68
66
7
875
72
82
11
864
06
11
11
770
80
64
10
14
8
81
18
87
61
88
762
77
70
6
13
3
28
11
76
40
46
747
86
34
4
6
8
21
7
83
85
64
1.736
143
60
1
1,880
206
28
1,344
167
16
1,897
212
62
1,381
161
67
0
12,752
1,446
589
Oannao ....-
67
San Jeroniino r . -
88
LaaYeffOBs
Santa Cruz
Cancorro
4
81
18
96
68
26
1
20
16
76
104
26
3
48
14
113
71
26
4
26
12
66
60
80
81
110
62
46
69
83
6
104
145
1
518
06
Mor6n
CindaddeAvila..
Ohamban
101
168
36
106
648
23
624
1,210
40
840
808
12
1,860
3,480
366
Total
1,117
1,146
1,265
1,168
1,181
1,138
1,135
2,363
2,581
3,365
2,875
1.007
21,186
PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA.
1880.
1890.
1801.
1892.
112
33
54
10
148
224
242
156
67
59
1,174
105
172
136
80
91
86
46
6
143
209
279
111
59
43
1.023
199
206
148
83
82
86
60
2
184
166
340
114
64
57
1,081
170
130
142
84
46
201
181
3
108
Abrens .
107
30
67
6
85
244
213
157
0
37
801
172
116
167
82
121
32
73
10
05
234
248
176
0
52
034
153
152
190
106
107
2n
66
7
128
223
250
107
29
87
798
247
200
178
83
121
41
67
13
109
188
216
106
67
42
905
184
206
166
73
130
52
72
17
290
154
607
148
128
70
2,474
256
168
834
90
110
282
65
0
63
Alvarez. ...... .
HAnao
Oaba^tian
Caibarien
CalabAKAr
Oamajuani ..-..
Cartagena
Cascalal...!
Casilda
Cienfuegos .... .. .
Cif nen tes
Cejade Pablo
Cmoes -
Cumanayagna
RnrrmcifadA - - .
Esperanza
185
41
7
n
87
81
20
50
21
7
201
40
8
04
86
43
17
83
87
25
220
58
4
89
21
40
49
73
26
19
183
62
4
107
26
30
19
78
18
23
205
64
2
87
84
49
16
78
14
13
202
51
4
96
Fomento. .......... .
Ouaniqoical
Qneria. .............
I^ninlit, Att lUtiruTiAtL
Isabel deSagna
Jibaro
86
86
86
14
15
40
87
85
27
36
47
14
116
15
9
Manicaragna
MayaJiffua
mrH^.:::
347
214
196
183
81
96
21
18
404
582
1,454
557
1,624
1,073
656
250
850
345
277
893
2.665
4,317
1.479
778
466
563
1,078
1,338
237
138
802
707
S.030
041
219
330
11
8
81
186
122
27
187
213
11
9
856
21
175
39
0
0
1,438
656
682
100
2.168
8,653
6.002
U.888
1,100
1.067
16,117
«3,833
2.390
8,886
1,016
1,766
4,660
1.101
•46
075
803
716
2SB
«1,Q24
886
146
1 This total is reported as 1,898.
• This total is reported as 8,828.
* This total is reportedas 47.
4 This total is reported as 1.224.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
726 BFPOBT ON THB 0ENSU8 OP CUBA, 1899.
DecUha 1890-1900 by municipal dittricU—ConttnxiBd,
PROVINCE OF SANTA CLABA-Coatiim«d.
1880.
180a
1801.
1802.
1808.
1804.
1805.
1806.
1807.
1808.
TotaL
PftlmArejo
144
126
»6
60
86
S6B
56
209
967
106
79
88
104
810
lao
233
404
aae
4
224
85
1
96
88
196
180
277
87
100
m
67
212
456
94
87
20
108
804
173
244
432
861
20
242
147
6
76
20
132
179
204
124
115
334
80
178
466
128
86
27
96
720
152
207
621
829
41
282
158
10
97
61
178
200
271
127
ISO
318
66
189
606
104
102
25
131
512
188
291
51:3
479
45
254
138
68
225
38
164
210
327
138
155
228
71
230
458
106
123
21
133
633
196
281
572
421
62
244
184
15
72
51
144
194
289
179
164
274
77
170
606
117
90
84
144
701
218
295
648
841
64
287
152
6
112
47
107
272
388
153
116
880
61
128
106
30
128
866
200
830
681
868
78
204
142
80
114
47
211
438
404
178
175
795
76
220
1.060
80
228
11
177
1.400
258
464
42
407
243
2
150
873
617
879
2.0G0
574
2,172
1,021
179
608
2,600
434
413
1
1,048
6,840
1,818
534
2,436
1,461
17
8,068
449
82
546
852
906
l.«B
1,288
6U
1^583
1.477
208
666
3,801
146
425
2
514
4,868
^S
2,246
1,843
782
16
886
L(M6>
pifrlmlr#'
2.728
Placetas
lies
4,17»
5,798
BancboVelos
BftDchaelo .— .
2^»
4.75S
Bemedlos -...—
5^407
Bio Dice
hoao
Bodas
SanctiSpiritos
San Plf^go
itsoi
i,4as
San Fernando
SanFranciBoo
San Joan de laa
Yeraa
3,478
Santa Clara
BanUlaabeldelaa
lAjaa . ....
18,844
4. TOO
San to Domingo
Saffna U Oranda . . .
Tmidad
rlsia
Tninnm »....»
380
Vaeltas
ft. 500
VafftialaT ..........
17»
Tguara
Yagnaramas
1,880
Total
7,064
7.975
7.964
8,U7
8,422
8,427
0.700
14,740
46,477 40,885
160,700
PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO.
[Mtmiolpal districts marked thus (*) send no returns for these tables. From districts marked
thos (t) returns are certainly Incomplete. From districts marked thos (t) they are probably'
Inoomidete.]
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1802.*
1806.
1804.
1805.
1806.
1807.
1808.
180O.
To-
taL
AltoSongo
Baracoa
175
96
«8
147
824
116
141
94
196
282
132
113
131
154
868
94
79
210
160
817
85
7
206
138
246
88
40
106
166
278
100
56
60
287
387
80
27
100
152
684
887
72
268
181
796
518
71
216
218
125
206
74
1.840
4,608
630
Bayamo •
Campechnela
aSfyvr.™..:::
279
804
62
1.914'
Cobre*
Cri«to»
GHbarat
ji,iao
0,239
4,548
Holfl^lln .
... .
472
136
684
127
494
124
518
196
493
100
421
118
625
104
871
800
1,474
464
1.578
1,148
1,279
1.482
500
196
Jignani*
ManzanUlot
Mayarit
605
663
440
372
466
447
530
1,087
1.385
492
1,948
675
O.OOT
^100
Niquerot
45
168
45
Palma Soriano....
Puerto Padre* ...
80
71
247
170
184
104
162
218
197
225
U6
1.950
Sasrua de T&namo
San Luis
Santiago deCubat
76
148
1.187
80
170
1.167
69
126
1.009
86
155
1.374
61
190
1,009
67
156
1,187
68
146
1.061
264
78
2.810
670
164
4.012
176
142
4,497
160
247
6,017
85
120
n,196
1,B4&
1,846
26,57^
Total
8.542
8.614
8.309
8,76U
8,824
8,160
3.324
6,628
0.804
9,971
12,063
8,604
00,280-
i For 1898-09.
«Jan.l-OcL3L
Digitized by
Google
APPENDIX XIX. 727
APPENDIX XIX.
POPULATION. »
The population of Caba in 1511, when Diego Velasqnez came from Santo Domingo
with 800 colonists, can not be determined. To search through the scanty records
which remain in the archives of the Indies at Seville wonld be in vain; nor is the
information to be f onnd in the Decades of Herrera, the Chronicles of Oviedo, of
Gkymarra, of Bemal Diaz of Castile, or in any other books of the time. Some
estimated the population at 200,000, others at 300,000, others thought it still more;
but all agreed that the Indians were not adapted to labor in the fields and mines,
and that they were rapidly disappearing. This occurred in spite of the personal
freedom authorized by several royal decrees and recognized soon after in the grants
of vassals (encomiendas) and in spite of the first code of laws of the Indies* which
went into effect in Cuba in 1543. From various reports of the grants {encomiendas)
made by Velasquez it can be inferred that they had at that early period some 15,0i(}0
Indian vassals. The disappearance of those Indians, the causes of which have been
much exaggerated by some foreign writers, could not have been so complete and
rapid as supposed, when more than seventy years after the conquest the towns of
Gobre and Guanabacoa were founded by the survivors. Even in the seventeenth
century, too, there still existed near Bayamon the village of Pueblo Viejo with a
population descended exclusively from aborigines.
In a letter to the King in 1522 a lawyer named Valdillo, resident judge of the
second Governor, Gtonzalo de Guzman,' stated that there were some 5,000 natives
in the whole island, and about 500 African negroes, including in this number 120
who had arrived only a f^w months before. Valdillo added that he had not ascer-
tained the number of Spaniards, but it is evident from previous letters that the
Spanish inhabitants of Santiago did not exceed 80.
In 1528 there were no more than that in Habana, and there were still fewer in
the other villages, Baracoa, the oldest of them, being almost depopulated. From
another letter written by the royal treasurer July 0, 1532, and preserved in the
same volume,' we infer that there were at that time some 300 Spaniards on the
island, probably 5,000 Indians, and about as many negroes as indicated by Valdillo.
According to another letter written by Gonzalo de Guzman February 5, 1537,^ the
city of Santiago had for two years supplied the wants of the vessels which were
plying between thePeninsula, Santo Domingo, and the Spanish Main.
Our want of reliable records thus makes it impossible for us to estimate the native
population of Cuba. Suffice it to say that that early race has disappeared, has
been absorbed by that other race which early in the sixteenth century attempted
the civilization of the world. Let us turn our attention to problems, for the
solution of which we have more data.
Accounts say that in 1511, soon after Velasquez had arrived in Cuba with his
300 Spaniards, as stated above, a multitude of colonists came from Santo Domingo,
Jamaica, and Darlen, and settled in the oldest towns of the island. They were at
variance with the governors of those colonies, and had been attracted to Cuba by
reports of Velasquez's idndness to his subordinates, as well as by the fertility of a soil
said to be as suitable for cattle-raising as for cultivation. Their number could not
have been ccmsiderable, since in 1515 the whole number of Spaniards in the New
' Free and somewhat abridged translation of article *' Population " in Pezuela's
Dictionary of Cuba, with omission of the tables.
< See eighty-seventh volume of the Munoz Collection in the library of The Acad-
emy of History at Madrid.
'Eighty-seventh volume Munoz collection.
4 Eighty-first volume Mlmoz collection.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
728 BBPOST ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899.
World was scarcel j 10,000, and the fint oolcmial genenition had not then had thne
to moltiply.
Those who helped to swell the population of Cuba in the early years were, hov-
ever, so nomeroos that Francisoo Fernandez de Cordova conld take from Ustowin
more than 200 men on his expedition to Tncatan in 1517, oonld lose nearly 100 in
his luckless yentnre, and yet two years later Jnan de Grijalva coold sscore more
than 800 with whom to reoonnoiter the Mexican coast. In the following yeu
Cortez also took from Cuba 617 men, with whom he achieved the incredible con-
qnest of the Mexican Empire. Snppoeiiig that there remained in the couitTT
twice as many colonists who preferred the tranquil lot which the cnltiTatioii of
their estates promised to any snch hazardous adventures, it is estimated that more
than a thousand Spaniards stayed in Cuba while that gigantic conquest was going
on. This estimate will not appear excessive if one bears in mind the fact that on
learning that his disloyal general, Cortez, had cast off his allegiance, Velasquez
dispatched a year later another expedition to subdue him, which consisted of 1,000
fighters, not counting the crews of the ships. Taking the same basis that we had
for our first surmise, we can calculate that at the death of Velasquez, whidi
occurred in 1512, there were some 2,000 Castiliaas distributed in the Cuban towns
which he had founded.
Many circumstances combined to reduce their numbers, chiefly the fact that
women in proportion to the number of men had not come to the new possessioQa.
For the aggrandizement and the wealth of the Spanish power two immeott
empires were laid low, that of the Incas and that of Anahuac. Fancy wai
inflamed by the flrst fruits of a conquest made by means that nowadays weald
not suffice for the taking of a plaza or a province. The wonders and the traasores
of those regions were exaggerated, and Spaniards hastened thither to make easy
fortunes. Only the first founders remained in the early colonies of Cuba, Jamuca,
and Santo Domingo— those who had already made their fortunes and had thor
grants of vassals (eneomiendcu) or those who on account of old age preferred quiet
traffic in produce and in cattle to the dangers and fatigues of such ventuei
with their uncertain outcome. The abolition of the grants of Indian vassal^ a
humane, although tardy, measure by which the Crown sought the preservattoD
of the native race in the New World, soon drove into the adventurous life of con-
quest some of those who would have preferred to remain at home. Two other
causes also helped to decrease rather than increase the white x)opulation of Cnba;
first, the restrictions on exportation to the Continent of horses bred in Cnban
fields, which was the principal source of revenue in Cuba's growing commerce;
and, secondly, Hernando de Soto*8 disastrous expedition to Florida, which drew
off many colonists from Cuba.
The depopulation of Cnba begun by the conquests was sadly increased by the
violent attacks of buccaneers and pirates, who swarmed from Europe to share in
the booty of the New World. In the middle of the sixteenth century they sur-
prised, sacked, and destroyed Santiago and Habana, the two principal towns.
Those towns were so destroyed and deserted that according to one account ' there
were on July 1, 1555, in the capital of the Antilles, which is to-day so popnlons^
only 38 families and 13 strangers or sojourners.
If any report on the population of the island was made for more than a century
afterwards, it has disappeared. In the documents referring to Cuba, i^cb are
preserved in the general archives of the Indies at Seville, none has been found.
Don Antonio J. Valdez, referring in his History of Habana to some traditioof
and incidents subsequent to the year 1656, the year in which the Enghsh had
I See eighty-seventh volume of Munoz Collection in the archives of the Academy
of History.
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APPENDIX XIX. 729
taken poasession of Jamaica, says* that the emigration of Spaniards from that
island caused an increase of more than 8,000 souls in the population of Cuba, which
was estimated to contain after that some 30,000 souls.
In spite of the almost defenseless state of the coxmtry, in spite of pirates and
hostile armaments that still frequently menaced its inhabitants and the restric-
tions on navigation and commerce, so inimical to the extension of its agriculture,
the indomitable courage of the country rose superior to all obstacles; and in the
midst of difficulties, although slowly, the cultivation of the soil increased, and with
it the population. In the Voyages of Francisco Coreal in the West Indies, pub-
lished in Paris in 1697, that author calculated there were more than 50,000 souls
on the island and more than 25,000 in the capital.
The Austrian dynasty on the Spanish throne became extinct on the death of
Charles 11. The first sovereign of the Bourbon line, who from the first year of
the last century occupied the throne by vote of the people and by aid of France,
returned the favors of his new fatherland by giving French traders a share in
Spain's commerce with its colonial empire. Under pretext of being allies the
French; from 1702 to 1708, entered upon such commercial speculations with
Habana as the poverty of the country and the superiority of the English navy
would permit The French and Spanish held their own very successfully in the
waters of Cuba against the English and Dutch in the long war of the Spanish suc-
cession, and owing to that fact and thanks also to the increase in the cultivation
of tobacco, the population likewise increased on a greater scale than ever before.
After 1718 that increase was promoted by the introduction of African slaves, a
privilege granted exclusively to England by the peace of Utrecht; and towards
1780 the population of Cuba, not including troops, visitors, or seamen, was,
according to statements in a multitude of documents of that time, estimated at
more than 100,000 souls.
It was increased later by the emigration of Spaniards from Florida, which was
ceded to England in 1768, by immunities from taxes upon navigation and com-
merce, and by the erection of considerable fortification works which were started
that same year in Habana by foreigners.
But not even the metropolitan government itself had authentic and accurate
data about the population before 1774. In that year the Marquis de la Torre, the
Captain-General in command at the time, finished making his first census.
As shown by that important document, the population of the island had already
been increased by the combination of aforesaid circumstances to 172,620.
The government was divided into eighteen jurisdictions, viz: Habana; Santiago
de Cuba; the holdings of the government of Puerto Principe; Matanzas; Trinidad;
Bayamo y Baracoa; the distritos of Santiago de las Vegas, Pinar del Rio, which
was just being colonized; the Isle of Pines; Santa Maria del Rosario; Guanabacoa;
Jaruco; San Juan de los Remedies; Santa Clara o Villa-Clara; Sancti Spiritus;
Holguin and San Felipe; and Santiago.
In the whole length and breadth of the land— including towns, the scattered
estates, and the rural districts— there were about 29,588 houses or buildings, not
counting 90 churches, 52 parochial houses, 20 monasteries, 8 nunneries, 2 colleges,
and 19 hospitals. In these resided 55,876 male whites, 40,864 females of the same
color, 19,207 frei mulattoes, and 11,640 negroes, also free, and, finally, 44,838
slaves. A second general census was taken in 1792 by order of Captain-Gtoneral
Don Luis de las Casas. It showed a further increase of population, manifestly
due to various causes. Among them might be mentioned the aforesaid free-trade
agreement by which the exports of Cuba and all America had free entrance into
the principal ports of the Peninsula; the assemblage of military powers in Habana
^ See Valdez, HUtoria de la Habana, published in Habana, 1814, p. 76.
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780 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 18W.
from 1779 to 1788 daring the four years of war between Spain and Gftreat Britain;
the introduction of slaves from Africa; and the destmction of the rich French
colony of Santo Domingo, whose place in the market Cnba immediately attempted
to take with some of her own wares.
In q;>ite of the statistical works repeatedly ordered by the Marqnis of Somemelos,
daring his long rale no censas was pnblished again nntil 1817.
By aid of the partial registry rolls, Don Francisco Arango y Parreno compiled
some notes in reference to the long interral between 1792 and 1817. According
to his fignres, the population of the jorisdiction of Habana in 1810 was not less
than 161,000 whites, 42,000 free colored, and 147,000 slavw, which represented a
total of 850,000 inhabitants for the western part of Cuba. He calculated that in
the eastern part, Santiago de Cuba, there were 40,000 whites, 38,000 free colored,
and 82,000 slaves, making a total of 110,000 inhabitants. Seventy thousand mare
were found in the territory of Puerto Principe alone, including 38,000 whites,
14,000 free colored, and 18,000 slaves. In the territory of the four towns he esti-
mated that there were 85,000 whites, 20,000 free colored, and 15,000 slaves, mak-
ing a total of 70,000 inhabitants.
The notes made by Arango were published July 20, 1811, by the secretary of
the consulate, Don Antonio Valle Hernandez, for tiie use of the board of instruc-
tion. They showed an entire population of 600,000.
This extraordinary increase of nearly 328,000 in a single period of nineteen
years is very naturally explained by the immigration of large numbers of French
and Spanish, who betook themselves to the island in 1808, after the United States
had taken possession of Louisiana and after the negroes had made themselves
masters of Santo Domingo. The population was also immensely increased through
the constant importation of negroes, through the steady growth of agriculture
due to them, and through the acquisition of commercial privileges with foreigners,
although their liberty was not declared until 1818.
The Captain-General of the island, Don Jos6 de Cienfuegos, published in 1817
another census of the population. It showed a total of 558,028, nearly 47,000 less
than Arango's census, published by Valle Hernandez. What caused that decrease?
Instead of good reasons for a loss there appear to have been many conditions dur-
ing the six years that intervened between the census of 1811 and that of 1817 that
might have stimulated a natural increase in the population. Such were the con-
stant importation of Africans, the encouragement of agriculture in nearly every
district (dUtritoa) , and the extension of commerce from year to year and month
to month. Many have thought that the inexplicable decrease in the census of 1817
had its origin in the concealment practiced by many of the planters regarding the
true number of their slaves. They did so out of desire to escape a poll tax levied at
that time. Only thus can the fact be explained that the official count was less
than that made six years before by Arango.
The Captain-General, Don Francisco Dionisio Vives, ordered in 1826 the taking
of another general census, with the addition of interesting statistical data that had
not been included in the three previous censuses. This document, of which we
also give a summary, showed a total population of 704,487 inhabitants, thus prov-
ing that the decrease of population shown in the census of 1817 was a mistake.
The conditions which obtained on the island between the censu»t)f 1817 and that
of 1827 had not been so favorable that its population could have been increased by
151,459 people. It had been a decade of danger, vicissitude, and turmoiL
Spain's colonial empire had just shaken off the yoke. The unsettled condition
that prevailed from 1820 to 1828 had banished confidence from Cuban boU and
driven away a portion of the capital that at a normal time would have made the
island productive.
However that may be, the census or statistical report of 1827 was the most oom-
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APPENDIX XIX.
781
plete and important work that up to that time had been pnbliflhed abont an island
that could hardly be effectually governed nntil it was well known. It was not
like the previous censuses— a simple summary of population. It was the first
description that is known of the public wealth of Cuba, in which classification was
made of the products, departments, and jurisdictions. It was in fine the first
instance of an accoxmt that was accurate and satisfactory by reason of its entire
freedom from numerical errors and misleading statements.
It was shown in this census, as in the previous ones, that in spite of the immense
importation of Africans, the free population of Cuba, and even its white popula-
tion, continued to have the advantage of the slaves in numbers. In spite, too, of
the increase of the latter after the announcement that the traffic would soon be
suppressed, and the consequent effort on the part of the slave traders to make the
most of the time that remained, there was in 1827 an ezoees of 24,109 white people
over the number of slaves. Hence, the catastrophe which had destroyed opulent
Santo Domingo, where in 1790 there were 15 slaves for every free {Mrscm, seemed
very remote from the greatest of the Antilles.
** In the fifty-three years intervening between the census of Marquis de la Torre
and that of 1827," says Lasagra, ** the general population had an increase of 582,807
people. " The increase is 58.6 per cent from 1774 to 1792, 108 per cent from 1792 to
1817, and 27.3 per cent from 1817 to 1828, which makes aa annual increase in each
one of the three periods of 8.2, 4.0, 2.7 per cent* respectively. Beginning with
the first census, the average of the annual increase for each erne of the fifty-three
years is 5.8 per cent. The annual increases of each class, respectively, have shown
several variations, resulting from the fluctuations (progreao9) in population in
accordance with causes that influenced it.
Whites.
Free
colored.
Slayes.
Total
colored.
1774-1798
2.7
8.1
2.1
4.2
4.4
0.08
5
6.4
4.4
4.6
170S-1817
4.4
1817-ia^ -
2.6
'* The period of greatest increase in the white population as well as the slave
seems to be that between the second and third censuses, and the least favorable
period the last ten years." The same statement is foxmd on page 25 of the Statis-
tical Report of 1827.
The increase in the general population of the island which was shown in the
census of 1841 is explained by several circumstancea Among them are the immi-
gration of Spaniards persecuted by the Mexican Gtovemment in 1829 and the
immigration of the French who were resident in that Republic at the time when
it had the boldness to enter into conflict with France; the successive reinforce-
ments of Spanish troops in Cuba; the great number of Spaniards who, driven
from home by a long civil war (1833-1840), sought its tranquil and fertile shores;
and, finally, the arrival after 1827 of some 500 cargoes of negroes. The census of
1841 was tsLken by the brigadier Don Pablo Ruiz de la Bastida under orders of
the Captain-Gtoneral Don G^eronimo Valdes. The total number of inhabitants
amounted then to 1,007,624. There are, however, no lack of writers who consider
that figure exaggerated, in consequence of some errors and irregularities found in
the registration lists that were used in numbering the inhabitants of certain divi-
sions (partidos) and jurisdictions (Jurisdicionea). But the reasons alleged by
D'Hespel D'Arponville and other publicists for discrediting the count of 1841 oould
with more justice be advanced against the accuracy of the four previous censuses.
Considering, too, that works of this class can never be perfectly complete, not
Digitized by VjOOQIC
782 REPORT ON THE 0ENBIT8 OF CUBA, 1899.
even among the nations moat advanoed in atatiatical practice, we must certainly
giye preference to the statements of thoee who use the facts and fignzes published
by the Qovemment, which has always infinitely better means of ascertaining the
tmth than have the critics.
The last census published appeared in 1846 and showed a decrease in the general
population of the country instead of the increase that might have been expected
by reason of the uniTersal peace, the recognition by Spain of the independence of
almost all the American States that had cast off their allegiance, and the various
measures restricting the African trade. A reason for the decrease is found in the
prolonged droughts and disastrous hurricanes which afflicted the country during
the five years from 1841 to 1846 and destroyed the greater part of the crops. A
great amount of capital was also withdrawn at this time, and it was a surprise to
no one who had been a keen observer of conditions that the census of 1846, which
was made by the commission of statistics after a most careful examination of the
partial registry rolls, showed a general population of no more than 898,752 inhabi-
tants, 108,872 less than that of the census of 1841.
From the following statements of baptisms, burials, and marriages of the two
dioceses of the island the -progreBS {mommiento) of the population may be calcu-
lated for the five years from 1842 to 1846.
A comi>arison of the birth and mortality rates of the whites with the same rates
of the colored classes shows that in thoae five years there was a proportion of 1.17
births among the whites to 1 among the colored classes— that is to say, that 100
whites were bom for every 85 negroes and mulattoes. It also shows that 89
whites died for every 100 of the colored classes, a difference which is satisfactoiily
explained by the difference in habits, regimen, and occupations of the two raoe&
The great sterility and high mortality of the colored classes can scarcely be
attributed to the condition of servitude in which so many of their number lived.
It had its principal origin in the disproportionate numbers of the two sexes, in the
celibacy enforced on many slaves through scarcity of women on many of the plan-
tations, and in the death of from 10 to 12 per cent of their number who suffered
in the first months after their arrival in Cuba from diseases contracted before
coming. It certainly can not be said that they suffered from the rigors of the
climate, since it was as favorable as their own for the preservation and develop-
ment of their race.
Considering the circumstances under which the colored classes came to Cuba,
their habits, their occupations, and the absence of fixed family relations among
them, the mortality rate among the whites appears disproportionately large. We
could cite a great number of writers to prove that 1 out of every 18 whites died
each year. La Sagra has made some observations regarding the mortality rate
from 1836 to 1841, a period of five years during which the number of deaths
exceeded the number of births, and from him we learn that that excess averaged
389.6 deaths for every one of those years.
According to the census of 1846 the total number of inhabitants did not exceed
898,752. That was an average of 284 inhabitants to every maritime league of
the 3,000 square leagues which comprise the island. In the western department,
which contained 570 leagues, there were 538,616 people. In the old central depart-
ment, which contained 1,370 leagues, there were no more than 196,054 Only
189,062 people were found in the old eastern department, which then contained
1,222 square leagues.
At the beginning of 1854, when the task of compiling this dictionary was under-
taken, we were seriously embarassed by the fact that no census or general summary
of population had been published since 1846. Through the favor of the supreme
government of the island and the gracious assistance of Brigadier Don Juan Rod-
riguez de la Torre, chief of the commission of statistics, we were furnished with
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APPENDIX XIX. 788
a mnltitnde of statements of the movement (movimiento) of the population by
classes and periods for some years after the last censos. Those docnments, beings
of official origin, enables ns to estimate the general population of the island toward
the end of 1849 at 946,982 inhabitants.
Neither in this summary of classes nor in the official census of classes, nor in
the official census of 1846 are the veteran troops included or the crews of merchant
ships and men-of-war, or the large floating population always found in Cuba»
one of the most central American islands.
A comparison of the totals shows that in the three years, 1847, 1848, and 1849»
the general population was increased by only 48,180 people, and it is clearly seen
that in spite of all efforts to the contrary it did not increase in proportion to the
development of agriculture and commerce.
The scarcity of laborers was keenly felt Some speculators in 1847 obtained per*
mission from the Gk>vemment to bring over consignments of natives from ports of
southern China, They were under contract for several years, and were hired to
planters under conditions favorable to the contractors. Planters found after
employing them on their land that the Chinamen, on account of their superior
intelligence, were better adapted than the negroes to the work of refining sugar,
but their endurance was not equal to that of the negroes in the task of cultivating
and cutting the sugar cane, which is the work that requires the greatest number
of hands. Their nature, moreover, was not such as to make them content with the
humble condition of laborers in sugar mills.
They murdered some of the overseers and white employees as well as some of
their own number. They had been imported into the island without women of
their own race who might have made life more tolerable to them, and on aocount
of their peculiar physique the people of the island felt a natural aversion to them.
Only the pressing and widespread need of laborers made them welcome on the
plantations.
Another expedient, new also but more suitable and successful, was hit upon by
that shrewd speculator, Don Francisco Marti y Torrens. He dispatched soma
boats from his fishing fleet to Yucatan to bring away some of the native Indians
who were in revolt there on account of the violence of Mexican Government
officials. \
Distributed among the planters, those Indians proved quite as well adapted as ^
the Chinamen to plantation labor and almost as capable of endurance as the
negroes. Their women and children came with them, and so they were content
to remain wherever they found employment. If they had only been imported ia
larger numbers they might have solved the great labor question of the island*
But after the rebellious Indians of Yucatan had been quieted the Mexican Qovem-
ment opposed the exportation of the Indians, or at least consented to it on condi«
tions so burdensome as to be prohibitory. Cuban proprietors had just begun ta
realize the worth of the Yucatan Indians when they had to give up all hope of
being able to cultivate their plantations by their aid. y
The old territorial division of the island disappeared in 1850. With some modi*
flcations the three departments had been retained ever since 1821. The new divi-
sion provided for two departments, corresponding to the two dioceses. The
western de];>artment was increased by the adjoining half of the former central
department. The other half became part of the eastern department. The west-
em department still retained the capital of the island, but the eastern department
had a subordinate capital at Santiago de Cuba. The western department or prov-
ince of Habcma is composed of 21 jurisdictions or seats of political and military
government. Beginning with the Cape of San Antonio, New Filipina, or Pinar
del Bio, going southward to the Cape of San Diego and following the north coasts
Digitized by VjOOQIC
784 BEPOBT ON THE 0BK8U8 OF CUBA, 1899.
are Bahia-Hand*, Mariel, Santiago, Habana, GHianahacoa, Jamoo, Utatanfaw,
Cardoias, Colon , Sagna la Grande, San Jnan de IO0 Bemedios, and Sanctl Spiritus.
Following tlie aonth coast in the same direction are San Cristobal, San Antonio,
Bejncal, Gnines, Femandina de Jagna or denfoegos, Trinidad, and tlie abore-
mentioned Sancti Spiritns which extends from one sea to the other. In the center
are Santa Bfaria del Bosario, between Goanabacoa lying to the north, Jaroco to
the east, Bejocal to the sonth, and Santiago to the west, and also Villa Clara,
which lies between Cienfnegos, Trinidad, Sagna la Grande, and Sancti Spiritos.
The Isle of Pines comprises by itself the odkoay of Beina Amalia, nnder the juris-
diction of Habana.
The province of Cnba, which now extends to the eastern department, is divided
into 10 j nrisdictions or seats of government, to wit: That of Baracoa, which toachee
the eastern limit of the island at Cape Maisi, extending along both coasts; that of
Onantanamo, bounding it on the south; that of Santiago; of Manzanillo; Bayiuno;
Puerto Principe; Holguin; Las Tunas; Nuevitas; and, finally, Jiguany, which lies
l)etween both oceans.
Of all these jurisdictions, which are c^led government seats (tenencias de go-
biemo), only those of Habana, Santiago de Cuba, and Matanzais bear the name
of governments.
Each one of these jurisdictions is divided into districts (digtritos) and wards
(barrios) in the cities and towns and into divisions (partidos) in the villages,
hamlets, and in the country.
From the registry rolls (empadronamientoa) and other data found in the office
of statistics at the close of 1885, Arboleya made in his last manual of the island
of Cuba an estimate of the population of the thirty jurisdictions which then
existed. He included in the white class the Chinamen and the Yucatan Indians.
We can put faith in his calculations on this interesting point since we have found
him so accurate in matters of less importance.
Arboleya*s figures agree with other trustworthy data that we have on hand,
which show that the population in 1855 did not exceed 1,044,185 inhabitants,
including all classes and conditions and both sexes. A comparison of this num-
ber with the total of the census of 1841 , which went as high as 1 ,007,024 inhabitants,
shows an increase of only 86,561 people. That increace certainly does not corre-
spond to the progress in the development of agriculture in the fourteen years that
elapsed between the two counts. Neithto does it correspond to the growth in
public wealth and In treasury receipts during a period when some new towns had
been founded and old ones like Cardenas, Cienfuegos, Sagua la Grande, and others
had manifestly prospered*
The official reports of 1859 were conscientiously collected by the Cuban office of
statistics under a much better system than had ever before prevailed, and give us
a much more exact idea of the general i>opulation of the island at the close of that
year than do any other reports. They are exact copies of those sent the ministry
for the colonies by the Captain-General, Don Francisco Serrano, Count of San
Antonio.
These official documents, which estimate the general population at the end of
1859 at 1,180,018 inhabitants, show an increase of 135,828 over the population of
1855 which did not exceed 1,044,185.
It appears that at the end of 1^59 there were on the island 632,797 whites, 189,848
free colored people, and 367,868 slaves. Compared with the 498,753 whites, the
179,012 free colored people, and the 866,421 slaves enumerated in 1855, an increase
of 124,045 in the first class is shown, of 10,836 in the second, and only 947 in the
third class.
The satisfactory and definite progress observed in the first class was obviously
the result of several conditions. First, the permission given December 28, 1853,
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APPENDIX XIV. 785
by his excellency the Captain-G^eneral, Marqnia de la Pezaela, for the importation
of Spanish colonists and day laborers and also Asiatics and Indians from the
American continent ; second, the steady growth of interest in the cnltivation of
tobacco and other agricnltnral products which call for the faithful attention of a
free workman rafther than the strength of a slave's arm ; and, finally, the rise of
new interests snch as ntmieroQS railway lines and other enterprises of public
utility.
The increase of 10,886 people in the second class corresponds to the increase in
the number of free colored people during the years between the two censuses.
Opportunities for obtaining their freedom that were afforded the colored people
by our provincial leg^islature, their luck in the lottery games, and the generosity
of a large number of Cuban proprietors, were sufficient reasons for that increase.
To these ordinary reasons for improvement in their conditions and the number of
free colored people must be added the fact that the Government emancipated
3,000 Africans in 1854.
With respect to the third class, that of the slaves, the significant increase of 947
people which the census of 1860 shows over that of 1855 is evident proof, notwith-
standing its smallness, of the great number of Africans that must have been
imx>orted during the larger part of that five-year period. Unquestionably the
birth rate in slavery does not keep pace with the death rate. The increased culti-
vation of the sugar cane during those five years and the growth of the sugar
industry, which are the occupations that kill off the greatest number of slaves,
must also be remembered. If we suppose, with Baron Humboldt and a g^reat num-
ber of other writers, that there is an annual death rate of 10 x>er cent of the num-
ber of slaves and an annual birth rate of 5 per cent, we can calculate that from
1855 to 1859 a fourth part of the 130,000 negroes must have perished and that there
were about 32,000 that year in the sugar mills. Granting this, we see, without
taking into consideration those employed in other industries, that in order to have
947 more slaves on the island in 1868 than there were in 1855, the number of deaths
having been greater in that period than the number of births, they must neces-
sarily have been imported in very large numbers.
With the whites are included two classes of population that did not appear in
any of the censuses published up to 1846. They had been imported into the country
just too late for enumeration. Those are the Yucatan Indians and the Chinese
and other Asiatics.
The greater part of the first class reside in the immediate jurisdiction of Habana
and numbered at the end of 1859 only 576 males and 192 females. The majority
of the second class are settled in the recently created jurisdiction of Colon, in
Cardenas, Matanzas, and Habana, and numbered at that date 16,373 males, with
only 13 females. We presume that the permits issued since the first of 1861 have
facilitated the introduction of this class of colonists and that their real number
is greater than appears in the report to which we refer.
Many wild schemes for fostering the white population of the island have been
proposed and much has been written on the subject by publicists, too, of good
repute. Means of encouraging the white population are as well known as the
obstacles which prevent the sudden adoption of those measures, since violent and
precipitate reforms are not wise in such a delicate matter. Time alone, together
with the prudence of Cuban proprietors and the wisdom of the Government, can
accomplish that.
The white population will never be greatly increased until there is some division
of property and labor, so that some can devote themselves exclusively to culti-
vating the sugar cane and others to manufacturing the sugar. Cotton, indigo,
cacao, and other products adapted to the soil of the great Antilles must be culti-
vated as well as those which are the present sources of its wealth. The manu-
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786 REPOBT OK THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1890.
fftctore of textile fabrics rnuBt be stimnlated by the impositiaii of taxes on all
foreign and Spanish fabrics that might be made by provincial industry. FinsUj,
without suggesting other means than those warranted by the eomomic sdenoe of
all nations, we might say that the people of the Peninsula ought to stop the hm
of all tobacco not produced in their provinces across the sea. •
With the disappearance of the foreign tobacco that 16,000,000 of the people con-
sume, the contraband trade would also disi^pear, and the Gk>Temmait would !»
saved the expense of preventing it. Many colonists in Cuba who are worthy and
substantial people would then be willing to cultivate a tobacco that would be
within reach of every purse. The peculation of Cuba would then show an inerean
as striking as that shown by the receipts of the State, when in place of asking 18
reals duty on each pound imported they reduced the tax to 4 reals. Bsfor»
dosing tUs article it seems fitting to quote in his own words some reflections ob
the white population of Cuba expressed by His Excellency Don Vicente Vaiqnei
Queipo in his w<nrk entitled **A fiscal report on the white population of Cuba,'
which was published in Madrid in 1845.
" For the prosperity of the rural white population it is abedlutely necessary that
some change be made in the way the island is cultivated. It may be by pranok-
ing valuable products sure of a ready market abroad, such as cotton, indigo, aflk,
cochineal, and especially tobacco, all of which are fitted for cultivation on a small
scale. It may be by modifying the system actually in vogue in the cultivation of
the sugar cane and the refining of sugar, or it may be by doing both, wfaid
would be perhaps the most advisable. All the products of the country if care-
fully fostered and developed under the supervision of the authorities may be ose-
ful and beneficial to the colonists, eqjMcially if the latter could be fittingly
. instructed by means of agricultural manuals on the subject of their cultivattoD.
One of them certainly deserves particular attention from the Gk>Temment; that
is, tobacco.
'*The superior and almost unrivaled quality of tobacco produced on the island,
the daily increase in its consumption by European nations, the ease with whicfa
it is cultivated on a small scale— and, in fact, the necessity of so cultivating it oo
account of the close and assiduous care it requires— the increasing number of
operatives employed in its preparation and manufacture, and, finally, the bounti-
ful returns it makes to cultivators in proportion to the value of the land and the
.capital employed, all make tobacco a precious plant in the island of Cuba. An
intelligent and conscientious white man is much more likely than a strong bot
clumsy African to give the tobacco plant proper care. That consistB for the nusi
part of driving away in the cooler hours the insects that attack the young plsois.
If protected by the supreme government with absolute freedom from duties, tofaaooo
may to some degree supply the deficit sure to occur soon, owing to the fact that
the cultivation of coffee is on the vrane and, indeed, almost abandoned.''
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APPENDIX XX.
737
APPENDIX XX.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The following is a list of the books found of esi)ecial value in the preparation of
the report on the census of the island of Cuba:
Author.
Title.
Abad, L. V. de
A.O.O
Aflruilera, F. V., and Ospedes, R
Aldema and Eschererria
Arrate, Jos6
Behm and Wagner..
Blackman
Brooke. Maj. Gen. John R
Cabrera ,
Callahan, J. M
Clark
Columbns, Christopher
Davey
Davis
Delitsch, Otto
D'Hespel D'Harponville, Oustave
Domignez
Edwards
Fi8ke,A. K
Fiske.John
Froude .*
Fronde
Halstead .-
Hazard, Samuel ,
Helps
HilCR. T
Huber,B
Humboldt
Hume
Irving
Irving
Kidd, Benjamin
Kimball. R.M
Lee, Map. Gen. Fitzhugh
Lodsje, Henry Cabot
Ludlow, Maj. Gen. Wm
Macdonald
Mackellar, chief engineer of the British army
Merivale
Pascual,Augustin
Pepper
Pezuela.Don Jacobo de la
Pezuela, Don Jacobo de la
Porter, Robert P .
Bea
New Constitution Establishing Self-Govern-
ment in the Islands of Cuba and Porto Rico.
Militarv Notes on Cuba.
Notes About Cuba.
Facts About Cuba.
American State Papers.
Constitution and Government of Cuba.
Die Bev51kerung der Erde, Nos. 1 , 2. 6, 7, 8. (In
Petermann*s Qeographische Mittheilungen
Ergttnznnflwhefte 83 Il87»], 35 [1874], 62 [1880],
eO [18821, 101 [1882].)
Spanish Institutions in the Southwest.
British Colonial Office List, 1896w
British State Papers.
Reports on Affairs of Cuba, 1898.
Cuba and the Cubans.
Cuba and International Relations.
Censo de la Poblaci6n de Espana segnn el Recu-
ento veriflcado en 25 de DicieniDre de 1860,
porLa Junta General de Est«distica.
Censo de la Poblacion de Espana segun el empa-
dronamien to hecho en 31 de Diciem bre de 1887
por la Direccion General del Instltnto Geo-
graflco y Estadistico.
Commercial Cuba.
Journal of Vovages.
Cuadro estadistico de la siempre flel isla de
Cuba.
Cuba, Past and Present.
Cuba in War Times.
Cuba (in Stein and H5rschelmann Handbuch
der Geographie und Statistik. 7th ed.. Vol.
I, pt. 4, pp. 1870-1917).
La Reine des Antilles.
Los Antiguos Diputados de Cuba.
History of the West Indies.
EncyclopsBdia Americana.
Encyclopcedia Britannica.
The West Indies.
Discovery of America.
Oceana.
The English in the West Indies.
Story of Cuba.
Cuba with Pen and Pencil.
Spanish Colonization in America.
Cuba and Porto Rico.
Apercu statistique de Tisla de Cuba.
Island of Cuba.
History of Spain.
The Companions of Columbua
The Life and Voyages of Columbus .
Control of the Tropics.
(ktba and the Cubans.
Report on Cuban Affairs. 1898.
The Spanish- American War.
Report on Cuban Affairs, 1898-99.
Select Documents of United States History.
Journal of the Siege of Havana, 1762.
Colonization and Colonies.
Rapport sur L'Etat, L'Organisation et le Pro-
gres de la Statistique en ^Ispagne, pr6sent6 a
la huitidme session da Congrds International
de Statistique.
To-morrow in Cuba.
Historia de la isla de Cuba.
Diccionario de Cuba.
Poblacion de las Islas de Cuba y Pnerto Rico.
(Manuscript copy of tables in the Spanish cen-
sus of 1877, contained in the library of the
Royal Statistical Society of London.)
Industrial Cuba.
Facts and Fakes About Cuba.
24662 4:7
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738
EEPOBT ON THB CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899.
Aathor.
Title.
K^ln", VMmAik
Universal Geography.
Resumen del Censo de Poblacion de la Isla de
Cuba a fln del Alio de IMl.
Resena geograflca r estadistica de Eapaibu
Island of Cuba.
RowAn Rnd Ramsay
Bagri^t J ^' Ramon <f*^ la
Shaw, Albert
isladeC^ba.
Municipal Government in Great Britain and
Tnmbnll
Europe.
Cuba.
Wilson. Maj. Gen. J. H
Wood, Maj. Gen. Leonard
Report on Cuban Affairs, 1896.
Report on Cuban Affairs, 1899.
Leffislaoion Ultra-marina.
C^ ban Insurrections.
Zamora , -,,-.^,, .,.,,,„,...
Zaraff^ffa
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APPEITDIX XXI.
739
APPENDIX XXI.
The United States (Census of Cuba) in account with the insular TWasury of Cuba,
Dr.
Ang. 1, 1899, origixial estimate and
aUotment $408,830.00
Total 408,830.00
Cr.
Expenditures as follows:
Director-
Stationery and other
office supplies $319.77
Balaries oi clerk and
messenger 1,860.83
Traveling expenses
to and through
Cuba, Nov. 12 to
Dec 16, 1899 168.52
$3,850.62
Assistant director, salary 8,420.00
6 supervisors, nalaries 14,790.00
mf enumerators, salaHes 220, 493. 02
Clerks and mesaengersof assist-
ant director and supervisors. . . 19, 264. 67
Special agents 1,414.00
Iransportation of stores and per-
sons 6,462.88
Bent and incidental expenses of
offices in Cuba 8,682.56
Subsistence of census employees. 2,532.00
Census property » 2,512.86
Census stationery and advertis-
ing 2,156.82
Tabulating 64,163.24
Printing bulletins 837.97
Printing English edition of re-
port, fe,000 copies 18,811.20
Printing Spanish edition of re-
port, r3,000copies 16,441.70
Translating report and bulletins
into Spanish 1,208.08
Indexing report 110.00
Foreign postage Census reports. 60. 00
Total expenditures 875,742.51
Balance unexpended -^fc- ^*^^-^
Total 408,820.00
^ All census property in Cuba was purchased through the Supply Division of the War Depart-
ment. The census property in Cuba on hand at the close of the work, and valued at $3,528. 12, was
transferred to the msnlar authorities.
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INDEX.
A.
Pftga
Abad, L. V. de 737
Aborigines 727
character 65
number 65
Abreuscity 175,190
district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247,
301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 686, 699, 721, 723, 725
Academia Jnnco 580
Adams, John Qnincy 88
Aday, Agneda Valdes 650
Administration, council of 53
Adrian VI, Pope, ball issued by 566
Adults, by age periods 86,87
ratio of married -. 122
Africa, natives of 98,220-225,472-475,499-506
Age and citizenship 251-298
education 400-403
nativity 131,206-217,251-298,806-353,361-384.400-403
literacy 152-154,361-384
occupations . 160-162,438-465,480-484
race 126,206-217,251-298,306-858,861-403,438-461
school attendance 152,385-400
sex 135, 206-217, 251-298, 306-353, 361-403, 438-461, 463-465, 480-484
Ageandsex, discussion of statistics regarding 92
in relation to longevity 98-96
Age, by 5-year periods J 90
comparative tables 85
comparison with other countries 86
discussion of statistics 84-96
in relation to conjugal condition 120-147,806-363
in relation to marriage ratios 128,134
males over 21 years Ill
median by provinces 90
definition of term. 84
periods and nativity, in consensual marriage 142
by percentages of population 94
by sex 93
and nativity of married 131,185
and race of married 129
in relation to marriage 120-124
occupations 160,162
of breadwinners 160-162,165
741
Digitized by VjOOQIC
742 INDEX.
Age, periods of husbandfl, wives, and widowed 1<I5
nnmarried 146
ratioof adults married IS
ratios of nnmarried... 147
ratios of widowed 145
Agramonte, Sixto 633,638,665
Agreement reciprocal commercial with Spain 39
Agricnltnral implements, early tariffs on 88
inferior qnality of 589
Agricnltnre, aboriginal (K>
areas cnltivated in principal crops.., 558,550
colored labor preferred in 69
importation of machinery 539
schedules used in censns — . 533
tables covering. (See Occupations. )
taxation of 523
Agnacatecity 190
Agnacate district 179,181,191,194,200,202,
218, 225, 232-235. 299, 858, 406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671, 698
Aguero, Angnstin H., supervisor 621
report as supervisor Puerto Principe jirovince. . . . 640-646
Agflero, Francisco.. 35
Agtiero, Juaquin 36
Aguilera, F. V. and Cespedes R 737
Alacranes district 180,191,196,203,218,236,
286-289, 800, 359, 418-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 677, 699,720,723, 734
Albuquerque 66
Albuquerque, Eorigo 66
Aldemaand Eschererria 737
Alexander VI, Pope 34
Alfonso XII district. (See Alacranes district. )
Alquizaz, Sanchode (Governor) 697
Alger, Russell A. (Secretary of War), instructions of .. 9
Almendares River 173
Alonso, Pedro (Oovemor) 697
Alonso Rojas district. (See Gonsolacion del Sur district )
Altimarano, Bishop Juan delas Cabezas 566
Altimarano, Juan de (Governor) 696
Altitude in relation to distribution of population 80
Alto Songo city ISO
Alquizar city 190
Alquizar district 179,181,191,194,200,202,
218, 225, 232-235, 299, 858, 406-412, 507, 512, 515. 517, 520. 553, 672, 698
Alvara, Juan Gk)nzalez 86
Alvarez, GK>mez de (Governor) 697
Amaro district. (See Cifuentes district.)
Amnesty to insurgents 87
Anderson, Richard 34
Andreu, Aurelio 637
Angel, Don Gregorio Diaz 566
Angulo, Gonzalo Perez de (Governor) 696
Animals adapted to cane culture 530
by kinds 540,561
and by race of farm occupants 563-^564
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 743
Page.
Animals, domesticated, introduced 65
native 23
Annexation, proposed, to United States 35,38
Apodaca, JnanRnizde (Governor) 697
Aranda, Cristobal de (Governor) 697
Arango, Francisco de 568,569
Arango y Parrenca, Don Francisco 730
Arcascollege 580
Areas de Canasi 19
Arderins y Garcia, Jose (Governor) 698
Area by density of population 75
cultivated 553-555
in principal crojw 558-559
of Cuba .- 18,73,74
districts 191-193
farms 543
by tenure and race of occupants 546
forests.. 553-555
provinces 74
sugar plantations 560
tobacco plantations 560
percentages in farms and cultivated 543
relation to center of population 77-80
Argentina, percentage of unmarried •_ 146
widowed 143
Arias, Alejandro Rodriguez (Governor) 698
Army, insurgent 87
support of Spanish-Cuban 88
Arrate, Jo86 737
Artemisa district 180,184,192,196,901,
319,226,239-241,300,359, 419-423. 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699
Asia, natives of , residing in Cuba 472-475,499-506
Asphaltum deposits 21
Atares castle 36
Atkins,E.F 526
Attorneys, examination requisite 59
Audiencias _ 56,57,59
Audiencia of Santo Domingo, auditing system 30
Augustine, order 569
Australia, natives residing in Cuba 220-225, 472-475, 499-506
Austria, percentage of unmarried 146
Authors cited or mentioned, list of 737-738
Authorities, council of 53
Autonomy, not independence, desired by industrial classes 32
Avila, Juan de (Governor) 696
Avilis, Pedro Menendezde (Governor) 697
B.
Bahia Honda district 180,184,192,106,201,
219,226,239-241, 300, 359, 419-423,509,513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681,699
Bainoa district 179,181,191,194,200,202,
218,225,232-235,299,358,406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 672, 698
Baja district {See Mantua district. )
Digitized by VjOOQIC
744 INDEX.
Balnueva, Pedro Valdee (Gtovemor) 997
Balnnevo, Jnan Maldonado (Gtovemor) 6©7
Banking facilities, lack of 31
Baracoa 27,29,175,190
Baracoa district 181, 188, 193, 198,202,205, 220, 227,248-250,
301.860.433-437,511,514,517,519, 522, 555, 695, 699, 722, 724, 726
Barbados, percentage of nnmarried 146
widowed 143
Barnes, I. A 625
Barrios 12,17,46
Basseconrt, Jnan (Governor) 697
Bastida, Don Pablo Rniz dela 731
Batabano... 27,175,190
Batabano district 179,181,191,194,200,202,
218,225,232-235,299,358,406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 673, 698
Banta district 179,181,191,194,200,202,
218,225,232-235,299,358,406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 670, 698
Bayamocity 190
Bayamo district 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227,248-250,
301,360.433-437,511,514,517, 519, 522, 555, 693, 699, 722, 724, 725
Beet sugar, price and effect on Cnban production of cane sngar 525-527
Behm and Wagner 737
Bejncal city 190
Bejncal district.. 179,181,191,194,200,202,
218,225,232-235,299,358,406-412,507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 678, 698
Belen, Jesuit College of 580
Belgium, percentage of children a>
unmarried 146
Belt, D. G 625
Benificencia, school 568
Bermuda, percentage of widowed 143
Betancourt, Gen. Pedro E 635
Bethlehemite fathers 565,574
Bibliography ...* 737,738
Birds 23
Births 714-716,720-722
excess over deaths 72
Birthplace 218-225,499-506
Black Eagle, society of 35
Blackman 737
Black Warrior, detention of steamer 39
Blanco y Erenas, Ramon (Governor) 54,698
Blow.Capt. W. N., disbursing officer 625
Bolivar, Simon 35
Bolivar, Soles de 33
Bolondron 175.190
Bolondron district 180,191,196,203,218.226,236-
239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 677, 699, 720, 722, 724
Bennett, William 527
Breadwinners, discussion of statistics regarding 154-167
See also References to tables under "Occupations."
Bresa, de (Governor) 67
British occupation of Habana beneficial 43
Brooke, Maj. Gen. John R. (Military Gt)ver nor) 54,57,59,584
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 745
Page.
Bacarely, Antonio M. (Gtovemor) 607
Bnccaneering 29
Bnena Esperanza, Gulf 18
Bnildings (see Dwellings) 167
Burgos, laws of 66
Bulletins, publication of census 14
C.
Caballero, Don Jos^ Augustin 567,568
Cabanas district 180.184,192,196,201,
219, 226, 239-241, 300, 359,419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521 , 554, 681, 699
Cabrera.. 787
Cabrera, Lorenzo de (Governor) 697
Cadenas. Manuel P 641
Cadiz, exclusive trade privileges granted 27
Cagigal, Francisco (Governor) , 697
Cagigal, Juan M. (Governor) 697
Caibarien 27,190
Caibarien district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247,
301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 686, 688, 699, 721, 723, 725
Calabazar city 190
Calabazar district 180, 186, 192, 198, 201 , 204, 219, 227, 244-247,
301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 688, 699, 721, 728, 725
Callahan, J. M 787
Calleja e Isasi, Emilio (Governor) 698
Camajuani city 190
Camajuani district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247,301,
360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 688, 699, 721, 723, 725
Camarones district. (56€ San Fernando district.)
Campechuela city 190
Campechuela district. 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227,248-250
301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 724, 725
Campos, Arsenic Martinez (Governor) 698
Canada, natives residing in Cuba 220,225,472-475,499-606
Canary Islanders 680
Canasi district. 180,184,196,203,218,226,286-239,
300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 677, 699, 720, 722, 724
Candelaria district 180,184,192,196,
201 ,219, 226, 239-241,300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681,699
Caney. (See El Caney.)
Caney district 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227,
247-250, 301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691,699,722,724, 725
Canodistrict 179,181,191,194,200,
202, 218, 225,232-235, 299, 358, 406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553,672,698
Capitulation of Zanjon 37
Captain generals (see Gk)vemors) 696-698
Carballo, Don Juan F 574
Carbo, Buenaventura (Governor) 698
Cardenas city, report of enumeration 666-668
revolutionary attack upon 35
Statistics:
Age and sex 203
Birthplace 218
Breadwinners 156,157
Digitized by VjOOQIC
746 INDEX.
Cardenas dty, statistios— Ck>ntiniiecL Pn^e.
Citironflhip ^ »
literacy and edocatioii 296-899
Conjngal condition 800
Dwellings and familiea 513
watersnpply - ITS
Excreta, method of disposition 177,5S0
Families m
Gkurbage disposal 175,518
Literacy 148.149
Marriage ratios 190. 132, 1S7, 1»
Nativity 99
Occupations 156,157,413-418
Population 190
School attendance 800
Sex and nativity 196.300
Sex and race 196-^00
Water-supply sources 172,515
Cardenas district 180,191,196.203,218,226,236-839.
300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 675. 699, 720, 722, 734
Carlos Rojas district 180.191,196.203,818,296,
236-289, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 676, 699, 730, 728, 734
Carmen, Ntra. Sra. del, college 58Q
Carrefio, Francisco (Governor) 697
Cartagena district 180,186,192,198,201,204.219,227,244-247,
301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 686, 694, 699, 722, '^34, 785
Cartwright, Major Geo. S 684
Casa de Contrataoion 27
Casas, Don Luis de las (Governor) 568.697,739
Casiguas district 179,181,191,194,
200, 202 218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 515, 520. 553, 673. 698,
Castellanos, Adolfos Jiminez (Gkyvemor) 33.698
Castilla, Don Juan Cirillo de 567
Castillo, Ignacio Maria del (Gtovemor) 698
Catalina district 170, 181, 191, 194. 2«>, 201
218, 225, 232-235, 299, 858, 406-413, 507,512,515,517,520.553,674.698
Cattle 540,561-564
Cattle ranches 540
Canto Embarcadero 8l>
valley of 20
Cayajabos district (See Artemisa district. )
Cays, enumeration of population on 665, 66S
Ceballosy Vargas, Francisco (Governor) 698
Ceiba del Agua district 179,181,191,194,200,202,
218,225,282-235, 299, 358, 406-418, 507, 512, 515, 517. 520,553,673,693
Ceja de Pablo district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-847.
301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 687, 699, 731, 733, 735
Ceniti. Governor ^
Censos, amount 41
Census, a step toward self-government 9,10
date basis of statistics 72
cost of taking 10, 7»
field work 11
{performed by Cubans 9
termination of 18
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 747
Census, headqaarters chosen 11
limitations prescribed 9
memorandum plan 9
orders governing 11,621-086
officers appointed 681-625
proclamation of the President - 10
property, disposition of 1 789
schedules 61
tohecomplete andaccurate 10
Censuses, analysis of previous - 708-726
of Cuba . 72
Center of population 77-60
Central America, natives, resident in Cuba 98, 220-225, 472-475, 499-506
Centro Gallego college 580
Cervantes college 580
Cervantes district. (See Perico district. )
Cervera, Admiral 41
Chacon, Luis (Gtovemor) 697
Charles m 67,567
Charles IV 567
Charles V, licensing of slave trade 67
"New laws" 66
Chavez, Antonio (Governor) ^ 696
Chavez, Manuela 650
Child labor .• 155
Children, illegitimate 854-857
percentage by age periods • 91
proportion in foreign countries 85
ratios by age 89
Chile, proportion of unmarried 146
widowed 148
China, immigration from, regulated 70
treaty with Spain 71
Chinese inmiigration 69-71,788
enrollment of those in Cuba 71
number in Cuba 220-225
occupations of - 71
percentages of 96
Chinchilla y Dlez de Onata, Joe6 (Governor) 698
Chirino, Nicolas (Governor) 697
Church, effect on colonization 44
efforts to prevent slavery 66
maintenance 88
property, value 44
Cidra district. ( Sefi Santa Ana district. )
Ciego de Avila city 190
Ciego de Avila district 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227.
242, 248, 800, 859, 424-426, 510, 518,516,519,521,554,682,720,728,725
Cienfaegos city, revolutionary demonstration in 85
statistics:
Age 204,218,875,876
Birthplace 219,228
Citizenship 227,244-247.279-282
Conjugal condition 120, 182, 187, 189, 801, 804, 88^-887
Digitized by VjOOQIC
748 INDEX.
Cienfaegofl city, statifltics— Continaed. P««e.
Dwellings 518
Education 408
Families 510
Illegitimates 856
Literacy 148,149
Nativity 99
Occupations 156,157,426-433,452,453
Population 190
Race 198
Sanitation— disposal of excreta 177,588
garbage 175,519
School attendance 150,860,894,395
Sex 198,301
Watersupply 172,516
aenfuegos district 180,186,102,198,301,204,219,227,344-247.
801, 860, 436-433, 510, 513, 516, 519, 531, 554, 685, 699, 721, 723, 7%
Cienfuegos, Don Jose de (Governor) 697,730
Cif uentes city 190
Cifuentes district 180,186,193,198,301,304,319,227,244-247,
801, 860, 436-483, 510, 518, 516, 519, 531, 554, 687, 699, 731, 723, 725
Cimarrones district. (See Carlos Rojas district.)
Cisneros, PascualJimeuez de (Governor) 697
Cities, comparison with previous statistics 76
cor];>orate limits of 76
distribution of 76
population of 76,77,190,191
plans 44
Citizenship, discussion of statistics 100-112
statistics:
In relation to age, sex, race, and nativity 351-298
In relation to sex and occupation 465-467,485-489
In relation to literacy and education 228-250
Ci^l Code promulgated 87
Clark 737
Cleveland, Grover (President) 39
Climate 21
Coast, cities located upon • 76
formation and character of 18
sparsely populated 75
Cobrecity '. IW
Cobredistrict 185,188,198,198,303,305,330,337,347-350,
801, 860, 438-487, 511, 514, 517, 519, 533, 555, 691, 699, 7^, 724, 725
Cobra range of mountains - 20
Cocoa, production 539
Coffee cultivation 1 48,538
export duty established 27
exports by years 537
introduction of culture 537
plantations 540
Cohabitation without marriage 181
College, Jesuit, established 566
College of lawyers 58
Colleges (see Schools) 584
Collegioe de Escuelas Pias 580
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 749
P»ge.
Colnxnbia, relation to revolntions 85
Colon city 190
Colon district 180,191,196,^,218,226,286-239,
800, 859, 4ia-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 558, 677, 699, 720, 722, 724
Colonias 529-532
Colonies, plans of - 44,45
Colonization of Cuba... 24-44
plan followed, Roman in character 44
Color. (SeeBMse,)
Color line 69
Colored, percentage of population 200-202
slave and free. 98,710,711
Colnmbns, Christopber 24,737
Colnmbus, Don Diego 25,66
Commerce, colonial, with Spain 80,31
taxes on enterprise 30
Committee, proyincial 51
Concessions, economic 81
trade 87
Concha, Jose Gutierrez la (Governor) 698
Condition, conjugal. {See Marriage; also (Conjugal condition.)
Conditions, economic, prior to American occupation 88
political and economic insei>arable 32
sanitary, of dwellings 167
social 69
unsanitary 85
Congedo, Don Juan 565
Congress of American Republics, objects 88,84
relation of United States to 33
results 34
Congress of United States, action taken 40,41
Conjugal condition and age 122,128,306-353
nativity 299-353
occupations 469-471,494-498
race 124,299-353
sex 299-353,469-471,494-498
common-law marriage 131
consensual unions 131
discussion of tables 117-147
from earlier censuses 710-717
ratios of increase , 127
married 138,715
Conover, A. E :.-. 625
Conseijo Regional 51
Consolacion del Norte district 180,185,192,196,
201, 219. 226, 23^241, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 516,518,521,554,679,699
Consolacion del Surcity 190
Consolacion del Sur district 180,185,192,196,201,
219, 226, 239-241, 800, 859, 419-423, 509, 513, 516,518,521,554,679,699
Constitution of 1812, Spanish •-. 83
extended to Cuba . 37,52
Conspiracies 38-39
Contadores 80
Convents* classification of occupants 113
Digitized by VjOOQIC
760 INDEX.
Gonyedo 566
Coolies, importation of W
Copper depoflitB 21
Corcho, Fr. ADtonio Perez de 566
Cordillera de lo8 OrganoB 19
Cordoba, Diego de (Gtovemor) - 597
Cordoba, Jose Fernandez de (Governor) 697
Cordona, Tomas 631
Cordova, Francisoo Fernandez de 728
Corral Falao city 190
Cortes, Cnban representation in 35-87,55
of CastUe 43
Coetof oensns 10,739
Costa Rioa, proportion of nnmarried 146
widowed 143
Conncil, monicipal 46-47
of administration 53
anthorities 53
the Indies 27,43,566
trade 27
Conrts, andiencias 56,57,59,60
character of administration 59
mnnidpal 56
organization of 57
of first instance, jurisdiction — 57
police 59^
supreme 59
Criminals, Chinese 71
negro 69
Cristobal Colon College 580
Cristocity 190
Cristo district 181,188,198,198,202,205,220,227,247-
260, 801, 860, 488-187, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522,555,691,699,722,724,725
Crittenden, Colonel 36
Crops, principal, area cnltiyated 558,559
Cmcescity 190
Cmces district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-
247, 801, 860, 426^182, 610, 518, 516, 519, 521,564,686,699,721,723,725
Cruz, Cape 18
Cnadrado.Dr. Ghiston Alonso 574
Cuba, center of population 80
location of island 17
names given:
Juana 34
Femandina 25
Santiago 24
natives of island 220-225,472-475,499-506
settlement 28
representation in Cortes 55
Cuban debt, amount 88
deficits added * 81
payment of interest on 88
Cuban Republics 65
Cuevitascity... I..'!"".] 190
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 751
Page.
Cuevitas district 180,191,196,203,218,226,287-
239, 300, 359, 4ia-418, 608, 512, 515, 518,520,553,677,699,720,722,724
Cnrrency system 81
Curricnlmn, University of Habana 570
Daiquiri city 190
Dairla, Francisco ((Governor) 697
Davey 737
Davis • 737
Davis, Maj. J. G 724
Deaths, by districts and years 724
provincesand years 717
ratios 718
Debt, Cuban, cost of ten years' war added 87
(See also Cuban debt.)
Decrees 709
Insular, directing Chinese to leave 71
Royal 27,28,32,34,70,71,582,700
Delitsch, Otto.. 787
Demands for reforms 37
Denmark, proportion of unmarried 146
Density of population, discussion of tables 73
ratios , 75
rural population 74
Deputation, provincial 60
Departments, secretaries of 64
Oriental and Occidental 60
De Soto, Hernandez (Gk>vemor) 25,51,698,728
Development, reasons for slow economic 31
Dewey, Commodore G^rge 40
DHespel D'Harponville, Gustavo 731,737
Director of the census 13,15
letter of transmittal 9-15
reports submitted by subordinates 625-668
Discovery of Cuba 24
Districts, municipal, authority of Military Gtovemor 47
division of territory 46
Divorce 118
Doming^ez 737
Dominican fathers 666
friars 674
Drake, Sir Francis 634
Dudley,D.E 173
Dulce y Garay, Domingo (Governor) 698
Dumas, Prof. Ciaudio (supervisor) 621
report as supervisor of Matanzas province 631-638
Duties, customs 28
Dwellings, aboriginal : 65
disposal of excreta 176-178,520-522
garbage 175,176,517-519
families occupying 169,512-514
sanitary condition 167
watersupply :. 171,515-517
Digitized by VjOOQIC
752 INDEX.
E.
Education 555-620
age, sex, race, and nativity - 400-403
citizenship and literacy 100-112
cost 584
degreeshown bystatistics 147
fnnds available in former times 38
history of Cuban schools 565-581
lack of facilities 42
literacy and school attendance 358-360
opposed by the church 44
sex and literacy, by selected occupations 467-469, 489-493
Edwards 737
ElCaney 41,175
Election of councilors 47
Elections, early municipal 45
Eilectors, discussion of tables 100-112
literacy 113
nativity 101-112
qualifications 45,49
race 101-112
Elevation and distribution of population 80
Elizabeth, Queen 534
El Progreso College 580
Emancipation of slaves 68
Embargo, Cuban ports placed under 27
Emigration, effect 72
Employments. (See Occupations. )
Encomiendas 65,66,67,728
Encrucijada city ., 190
England, efforts to stop slave trade 68
natives residing in Cuba 320-225
proportion of unmarried 146
English Ufe table 86,89
Enna, General 36
Enumeration districts, boundaries 12
formation 11
number 12
Enumerators, appointment 12
instructions 12,13
list of names 66^-695
Escaleras de Jaruco 19
EscuelasPias College 580
Espado, Bishop 569
Espeleta, Jose (Governor) 697
Esperanza city , 190
Esperanza district 180, 186, 192, 198, 201 , 204, 219, 227, 244-247,
301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 684, 699, 721, 723, 725
Esquivil, Juan (Governor). 697
Europe, natives, resident in Cuba '. 220-225
percentage of married 188
sugar production 525
Evans, Major 60
Excreta, methods of disposition 176,520-523
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 753
Exi>editions, insurrectionary 35
Expenditures, itemized statement 9,739
Exploration 45
Exports of coffee 637
Ezpeleta y Enrille, Joaquin (Gtovemor) 697
F.
Fajardoe Izqmerdo, Ramon (Gtovemor) 696
Fajardo Manuel Breton 643
Families 507-511
and dwellings 169,512-514
discussion of statistics... 112-117
size of ... 113
Farms, area 553-555
and percentage of cultivation 543
number 540,553-555
and area, showing tenure and race of occupants 546
products 547-552
tenure by area, showing race of occupant 555-557
ownership and race of occupant 544
Farr's English life table 86,89
Fauna 23
Females, ratios and numbers of. (See Sex.)
Ferdinand, King 24,52,67
Ferdinand VII 33,569
Femandia, name given Cuba 25
Fernandez, Francisco 534
Fernandez y Caballero de Bodas, Antonio (Governor) 698
Field work of the census. (See Census.)
Figueroa y Garaondo, Cayetano (Oovemor) 698
Filibustering 85-40
Fiscal 56
Fisheries, tables. {See Occupations.)
Fiske, A. K 737
Fiske, Prof . John 66,737
Flora . 22
Flores, Rodrigo de (Governor) 697
Florida, distance from Cuba 17
cessionof 43
Strait of , controlled by Cuba 17
Flotas 27-29
Fomento, Junta de 69
Foreign bom. (See Nativity.)
Forest area 553-555
Forests 22
France, natives of, resident in Cuba 220-225
percentageof children 85
proportion of unmarried 146
sugar production 525
Fras, Francisco de . . 86
Freedom, effect of economic and political 32
Froude 737
Fruits 624,589,550,551
24662 48
Digitized by VjOOQIC
754 INDEX.
*^
G^amboa, Francisco Biano de (Governor) 697
Game 28
Gannett, Prof . Henry 18,14
Garbage disposal 175,517^19
Garcia, Asuncion 637
Garcini, Jose.. W2
Gaurabo River 174
G^eography of Cuba H-SO
Santiago province 652
Germany, natives in Cuba 220-225,473-475,48^506
proportion of unmarried 146
Gibaracity IW
Gibaradistrict 181, 189, 193, 108, 302, 205, m2?7,
247-250, 301, 300, 433-437, 511, 514, 519, 522, 555, 694, 699, 723,784,725
Ginoves del Espinar, Felipe (GK>vemor) 6fc
Giron, buccaneer 29
Gironm, Pedro Tellez de ((Governor) 697
Gk)ld mining 21
Gk>mez, G^n. Jos6 Miguel 65i)
Gk>mez, Jos6 Sanchez (Gtovemor) 688
Gk)nzaga, San Luis College 5S0
GK)nzalez, Buenaventura ®9
Gtonzalez, Franciscadel Valle 650
Government 43-6^'
autonomous 55
colonial theory of Spain 36,S2
effect on economic conditions 82
insular colonial 51
military objects 55
municipal 45-49
provincial 50,51
Spanish, an object of suspicion 31
theory of Spanish colonial ♦*
Gtovemors, civil, of provinces 51
Governor-Generals, list of W6-696
statusof 5S
to appoint provincial officers 50
Governors, character 82
chronological list 696-686
regional 51
Spanish appointive policy. ^
Grant, U. S. (President) S9
Great Britain, natives resident in Cuba 472-475,48^^
Greene,Maj. G^en. F. V 1^
Grierson, Capt. Charles H., disbursing officer , ®5
Griffin, A.P.C-. 575
Grijalva, Juan de *^
Guabairo colonia 529-^
Guamacaro district 180,191,196,203,218,2^,337-
239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520,553,675,699,730,723,734
Guamutus district. (Se6 Marti district.)
Guanabacoa city, age 30S
birthplace 218
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 765
Page.
Gnanabacoa city, citizenship 225,232-235
' conjngal condition 120,132,139,299
dwellings 512
famines 507
literacy 148,149
nativity 99,194
occnpations 156,157,406-413
population 190
race 194
sanitation— disposition of excreta 177,520
garbage 175,517
school attendance 858
sex 194,200
water supply 172,174,515
Guanabacoa district 179,182,191,194,200,203,
218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358,406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671, 698
Guanajay city 190
Gnanajay district 180,184,192,196,201,204,
219, 226, 239-241, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699
Guane district 180,184,192,196,201,204,
219, 226, 239-241, 300. 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699
Goantanamo city 190
Gnantanamo district 181, 189, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-250,
301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 692, 699, 722, 724, 725
Qnara district 179,182,191,194,200,203,
218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 674, 698
Guatemala, proportion of unmarried 146
widowed 143
Guayabal district 180,185,192,196,201,204,
219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699
Guazo, Gregorio (GK>vemor) 697
Guines 175,190
Guines district 179,182,191,194,200,203,
218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671, 698
Gueme8,JuanF.(Gh>Ter|ior) 697
Guiracity 190
Guira de Helena district 179,182,191,194,200,203,
218, 225, 232-236, 299, 358, 40^-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 673, 698
Guiros, Jose Sanchez 688
Guzman, GK>nzalode (Governor) 696,727
Habana city, burned by privateers 28
Chinese immigrants required to enter 70
climate , - 21
detention of BIocAp Warrior in harbor 39
fortification 29
intendence of , created 80
lottery 38
opened as port of entry 27
by British to free trade 27
rainfall 22
ravaged by pirates 29
surrender to English 42
tribunal of accounts 31
visit of battle ship Maine 40
Digitized by VjOOQIC
756 INDEX.
Habftna city, statiBtics: Page.
Age 91, 112, 20a. 908. 214, 877,878
Birth rate by yean ..,-' 716
Births by years 714,720
Birthplace 218,223,234
Citizenship 108,225,228,229,232-285,288-286
Gonjiigal condition 119,
190, 199, 194, 195, 197, 198, 189-145, 999, 804, 888-841, 728
Death rate by years 718,724
Deaths, aggregate 717
Dwellings 187-170.512
Education 103,402
Families 114-116,170,507,512
Illegitimates 356
Literacy 108,148,149
Nativity 99,194
Ckxmpations 155,157,159,403-413,
454, 455, 476-478, 481, 485, 486, 490, 494, 495, 500, 501
Population 90,114,190,192
Race 194
Sanitation, disposition of excreta 177,520
garbage 175,517
School attendance 150,858,895,896,570
Sex 82,111,194,200
Watersupply 171,172,174,514,515
Habana district 179,189,191,194,900,903,218,
295, 989-985, 999, 858, 406^18, 507, 519, 515, 517, 590, 558, 66&-670, 698
Habana province created 53
center of population 78
division into districts 17
report of census supervisor 687
statistics. {See References under provinces.)
Haiti, distance from Cuba 17
relations to Cuba 84
Halstead, M 787
Harbors, character 18
Harrison, Benjamin, President - 89
Harvard College 615
Havabanllla River 178
Hazard, Samuel 787
Health, effect of ignorance on , 85
Helps, Sir Arthur 66,737
Heredia, Jose Maria 83
Hernandez, Don Antonio Valle 780
Herrera. Maria Josefa 638
Herrada, Luisa 650
Hickey, Col. J. B 615
Hill, Robert T 80,737
History 24-41
of agriculture 523-525
of coffee production 537
of education 565-585
of sugar production 525
of tobacco production 533
Holguin city 190
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 757
Page.
Holgnin district 181,189,198,202,205,220,227,247-260,
801, 860, 438-487, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 698, 694, 699, 722, 724, 725
Hollerith, Herman 68,694
Home rule, effect of Spanish policy 82
Honduras, British, proportion of nnmarried 146
widowed '. 148
Horses and moles {see also Animals) 540
Hotels, classification of occupants 118
Howden,Lord 70
Hnber : 787
Hnmanidades de Jesus College 580
Hximboldt, Baron 68,737
Hume 787
Humidity, relative 22
Hungary, proportion of unmarried 146
Hunt, William C 9,10
Hurricanes .... 22,588
Husbands, ratios to wives, widowed, and unmarried. {See Conjugal condi-
tion.)
I.
Illegitimates, children 854-857
Illiteracy of electors 102-112
Illustrations, selection of 14
list of. (See Table of contents) .
Immigration 729, 781
Chinese 69
effect of decrease 72
effect on sex ratios 88
negro 67
regulations 70
tax on entry of immigrants 80
Imprisonment without trial 69
Incomunicado imprisonment 69
Indebtedness, mortgage* amount 41
ratio 41
Independence, conditions requisite 41
conspiracy to secure , 85
efforts of United States to secure for island 89
political, not advocated at first 82
Indiaps 66,727
character of aborigines 65
estimated number 65
enumeration 684
Yucatan, imported into Cuba 67
Indies, law of the 44
Industries, interests of Cuban, subordinated by Spain 81
profits absorbed by Spain 81
taxes levied 80
{See Occupations.)
Innocent XUI, Pope 666
Inodoro, definition of term 177
Insects 24
Institutes 579
(See Schools; Colleges.)
Digitized by VjOOQIC
758 INDEX.
InsTurections — 35-40
Intendence of Habana, creation of 80
Intervention of United States, authorized 40
effect on economic conditions 42
Ireland, natives, resident in Cnba 220-225
percentage of children 85
proportion of married 118
unmarried 146
Iron mines 20
Irving, W 787
Isabella Queen 24
Isabella II, Queen 8ft
Isabel de Catolica College 580
Isla de Pinos district, 179, 182, 191, 194, JWO, 208,
218, 225, 282-285, 299, 858, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 558, 674, 698
Isle of Pines, geography 20
total population 72
Islands, character of adjacent 18
Islets, enumeration of population 665,666
Italy, natives, resident in Cuba 220-225
proportion of tmmarried 146
J.
Jaguey Grande district 180,191,196,203,218,
237-289, 800, 859, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 558, 678, 699, 720, 722, 724
Jamaica 17,24,67
proportion of widowed population 143
James I, King 534
Japan, natives of, residing in Cuba 220-225
Jarucocity 190
Jaruco district 179,182,191,194,200,203,
218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671. 698
Jews 26
Jibacoa district. (See Santa Cruz del Norte district.)
Jicotea River 172
Jiguani district 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227.
247-250, 301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 693, 699, 722, 724, 725
Jiminez, Juan Bautista, supervisor 621
report of 647-652
John, Prince 24
Jomarron, Luis F 639
Jovellanos. 175,190
Jovellanos district 180,191,196,203,218,226,
237-239, 800, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724
Jovellar y Solar, Joaquin (Governor) 698
Juana, name given Cuba 24
Judges, election 61
salaries of 50-60
Judiciary 55
independence of 59
Julian Diaz district 180,185,192,196,201,204,
219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513,516,518,521,554,681,699
Junta, Cuban, in New York 86
Juragua Company 21
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX, 759
Page.
Jnstice, former administration of 59
Jozado de Gnardia 57
K.
Key West, Fla 17
Kidd, Benjamin 787
Kimball, R. M 737
Kindelan, Sebastian (Gk)y6rnor) 697
L.
Labor on colonias 530
qnestion, relation to negroes 69
(See Occnpations.)
Laborers. (See Occnpations.)
Lappin,R.C 625
LasCasas 65,66,567,569
Las Casas (bishop) 66
Las Casas, Lnis de (Governor) 568,697,729
Las Cincas Villas , 17
Lacoste, Perfecto 533
La Gran Antilla College.. 580
La Gran Piedra 18
Lands, grants bestowed 65
value 41
Lane, Ralph.'. 534
Lasagra, Sefior 675
Las Lajas district (See Santa Isabel de las Lajas.)
LasPozas, attack made nx>on 36
Las Villas tobacco 536
Law. (See also Government; Civil Code.)
Moret , 68
of Indies 44
school 577
present school 585-615
Laws governing the censns 11,621-624
suppressing slave trade. 68,69
nnder military government 56
obstacles presented by 61
of Charles V 66
Spain extended to the island 46
Lawton, Gten. Henry W 41
Lawyers, College of 68
examination of 58
Lazaro, Mignel de - 639
Ledesma, Francisco de (Governor) 697
liee, Maj. Gen. Fitz Hngh 737
Leeward Islands, prox>ortion of unmarried 146
widowed 143
tiemus, Jose Francisco 83
Lendez, Lorrenzo 674
Leon, Antonlade 638
Lersundi, Francisco (Governor) 698
Letran, Convent of San Juan de , 566
Digitized by VjOOQIC
760 INDEX.
Letter of transmittal 9
Liberal Club of Habana 35
Life table, Farr'B English 86,89
Limonarcity 190
Literacy 43,147-154
and age 152,154,861^384
citizenship 103-112,22^-250
education lOS-112, 228-250, 85a-360, 467^69, 489-4W
nativity 361-a34
occupations 467-469,48^^93
race... 153,361-884
school attendance 858-380
sex 361-384
discussion of tables 147-150,710-713
tables given in early censuses 710-713
tests adopted in Habana province 629
Livestock 540,551,552
by kinds of animals 561
showing race of farm occupants 562-564
Loaysa, Gtocia Qironde (Gtovemor) 697
Lochridge, Lieut, P. D. (disbursing officer) ft35
Lodge, Senator H. C 787
Loew, Oscar 537
Longevity. {See also references to age. )
comparative data 85
relation of sex and age 93-96
LopeE, NarciBO 35
Los Cayos district : 191,200
Los Palacios district. {See Palacios district. )
Louisiana purchase, beneficial to Cuba 43
Loyalty of Cubans to Spain. 43
Ludlow, Brig. Gen. William 59,60,737
Lugo, Pedro Benites de (Gtovemor) 697
Lujan, Gabriel de (Governor) 52,097
Luna, Alvaro de (Governor) '. 697
Luz, Don Jose de la 569,576
M.
Macaguacity 190
Macagua district 180,191,196,203,218,226,237
239,300,859,413-418,508,512,515, 518, 520, 553, 678, 699, 720, 722, 724
Macao, port, Chinese immigration restricted to 70
Maceo, Antonio, death 69,99
Macdonaid 737
Mackellar 737
Madrugacity 190
Madruga district 179,182,191,200,203,218
225, 232,233, 235, 299, 858, 406-413, 507, 512,515,517,520,553,674,698
Maestra Sierra 16,18,20,652
Mahy, Nicolas de (Gh>vemor) 697
Maine, battle ship, destruction of vessel 40
Males:
excess in age 93
ratio and number 8(K-83
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX. 761
Males— Goniinned. Page.
of voting age Ill
totals at different periods 81
(See references to Sex.)
Manag^nacity 190
Managna district 179,182,191,194,200,203
218,225,232-233,235,299,858, 406-418, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671,698
Mangas district. (See Candelaria district.)
Mangnitocity 190
Manifesto, Ostend 89
Manila bay 40
Manraneda, Severino de (Governor) 697
Manriqne, Diego (Governor) 697
Mantna district 180,185,192,196,201,204,
219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699
Mannfactories 523
Mannfactnres {see Occni)ations) , decadence of Spanish 31
Manzanillo district (see also districts formerly included, Camx)echnela,
Cristo, and Niqnero) 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227,
247-250, 301, 860, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 722, 724, 725
Manzanillo city, port of entry 27
Statistics:
age 205
birthplace 220
citizenship 227,248-250
conjngal condition x 120,132,139,301
dwellings 514
education 248-250
families 511,514
Uteracy 148,149,248-250
nativity 99,198
occnpations 156,157,433,437
population 190
race 198
sanitation— disposition of excreta 177, 522
garbage. 175,519
school attendance 360
sex 198,202
water supply 172,174,517
Manzano y Manzano, Joaqnin del (Gk>vemor) 698
Maps 11,74,700,701
method of preparation 75
Marcnriges district 180,184,191,196,200,203,218,226,237-
239, 300, 359, 41^-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 678, 699, 720, 722, 724
Mari, Francisco 638,660,665
Marianao 175,190
Marianao district 179,182,191,194,200,203,
218, 225, 232, 238, 285, 299, 858, 406-413, 508, 512, 517, 520, 553, 670, 698
Mariel 175
Mariel district 180,185,192,196,201,
204, 219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423 *509, 518, 516, 518, 521, 554, 678, 699
Marin y Gonzalez, Sabas (Gtovemor) 698
Marital condition. {See Conjngal conditions.)
discussion of statistics 117-147
Digitized by VjOOQIC
7J52 INDEX.
Page.
Marriage. (See also Conjngal conditiona. )
disonasion of eziating conditiona 117-147
early 122,138
ratdoe 127,715
Marriagee, by yoara and by diatricta 717,722,734
Married. (See Con jogal conditiona. )
M*rti diatrict 180,184,191,196,200,208,218,226,237-239,
300, 859, 418-418, 608, 512, 615, 518, 620, 553, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724
Ifarti y Torrena, DonFranciaco 733
Martiallaw, powera conferred on Qoyemor-G^eneral 52
royal decree authorizing 83
Martin, Aime 675
Martin, Jnan.Riva (Governor) 697
Martinez, Dioniaio (Gtovemor) 697
Martinique, percentage of maoried population 118,121
proportion of unmarried 146
widowed 143
Martyr, Peter 65
Maadival, Joae 642
Matanzaa, attacked by piratea .. 2&
early Bcbools 666
portof entry 27
Matanzaa city:
age 208,215,879-880
birthplace 218,224
dtizenahip 226,237,288,287-290
conjugal conditiona 120,182,189,300,305,346-349
dwellings 518
education 237,238,402
famiUea 509,613
illegitimatea 357
literacy 148,149,237,238
nativity 99,196
occupationa 156,157,413-418,456,457
population by wards 184
total 190
race 196.215
sanitation— diapoeition of excreta 177,522
garbage 175,619
school attendance 150,859,396,397
sex 196,200
water aupply 172,173,515
Matanzaa district 180,184,191,196,200,203,218,226,
237-239, 300, 359, 413-418, 509, 518, 516, 520, 553, 675, 699, 720, 722, 724
Matanzaa province, center of population 79
created 60
diviaion into districts 17
(See also references under Provinces.)
Maura,Se&or 37
Maximo Gomez city 190
Maximo Gomez district 180,184,191,196,200,208,219,226,237-239,
300, 859, 413-418, 509, 513, 515, 518, 521, 554, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724
Mayaricity 190
Digitized by VjOOQIC
mDEZ. 763
Page.
Mayan district 181, 189, IW, 198,303,306,320, 227^
347-250, 301, 860, 438-487, 611, 614, 617, 519, 522, 655, 691, 699,733,734,735
Maysi, Cape 18
Maysi, Point 34
Mazariegos, Diego de (Governor) 696
McKinley, William (President) 11,637
Helena city 190
Helena del Sur district 179,183,191,194,300,303,
318. 335, 383, 388, 386, 399, 868, 40^-413, 508, 513, 517, 530, 553, 670, 698
Hendez Capote district 180,184,191,196,300,303,319,336,387-389,
300, 859, 418-418, 509, 518, 515, 518, 531,554,676,699,730,733,734
Heneses, Sabas, supervisor 631
report as supervisor, Santiago province 653-657
Herivale 787
Herriam, Hon. W. B. (Director United States Census) 9
Hestre, Teresa 650
Hexico, Gulf of, entrance controlled by Cuba 18
Hexico, natives resident in CJuba 98,330-335,473-475, 499-506
proportion of unmarried 146
widowed 148
Hilitary government, changesmade 54
Hilitary (jk>v6mor, appointive power 49
appointment of 54
authority over municipal councils 49
granted new x>ower to municipal councils 49
proclamation 64
promulgates Cuban census orders 11
Hiller, Haj. William H. (disbursing officer) 636
Hineral resources 30
Hines 30
Indians employed 65
Mining statistics. (566 Occupations.)
Hirabel, Bemacio 650
Hiranda, J. Antonio 643
Hiranda, Valentine Canedo ((jtovemor).... 698
Honroe Doctrine 84
Honserrat, Neustra Sra. del (college) 680
Hontoto, Enrique 689
Honzon y Aguirre, Juana 650
Moors 36
Horell, Bisnop 666
Horetlaw 68
Moroncity 190
Moron district 180,186,193,196,301,304,319,337,343,
348, 800, 859, 434-436, 510, 518, 516, 519,531,554,683,699,730,738,736
Montalvo, Gktbriel (Ghovemor) 697
Montana, Juan (Governor) 697
Moya,Don Juan Felix de 665
Munibe, Andres ((jk)vemor) 697
Municipal courts 66
districts, number -^ 17
taxes 80
Municipalities, authority of councils 47
colonial form of government 46
Digitized by VjOOQIC
764 INDEX.
Mtmicipalities, new powers granted to 49
population 181-190
Mnnioipality, definition given in laws 46
Mnrgoia, Manuel (Gk>vemor) 097
Mnro, Salvador de (Governor) 697
N.
Nativity and age 205-217,261-298,306-353,861-384,400-403
citizenship 100-112,261-298
conjugal condition 130-141,144,302-353
education 400-403
literacy 361-384
occupation 164,165,462,463,477-480
race 194-199.
206-217, 302-553, 361-384, 400-403, 406-417, 462, 463, 477-480
sex 194-199,
206-217, 251-298, 802-353, 361-384, 400-403, 462, 463, 477-480
widowed 144
discussion of tables 96-100
percentage of foreign born 200-202
Navarro, Diego J. (Governor) 697
Navy, support of Spanish-Cuban 88
Negro uprisings 83
Negroes, history of Cuban 67-69
percentage of 96
slave and free 98
social condition 69
tables from early censuses 710-713
total colored population at different periods 97
Netherlands, proportion of unmarried 146
Neutrality observed by United States 89
New Zealand, proportion of unmarried 146
Niquerocity 190
Niquero district 181,189,193,202,205,220,227,247-250,
801, 860, 433-437, 511 , 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 693, 699, 722, 724, 725
Northers 22
Nunez, Maria 636,638
Nunez, Pedro 650
Nueva Paz city 190
Nueva Paz district 179,182,191,194,200,203,
218, 226, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 674, 698
Nuevitas, port of entry 27
city 190
district 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227,242,
248, 300, 359, 424-426, 510, 51S, 516, 519, 521, 554, 682, 699, 720, 723, 725
O.
Ocampo, Sebastian 25
Occupations and age 159,438-461,468-465,480-484
birthplace- 499-506
citizenship 465-467,485-489
conjugal condition. 469-471,494-498
education 467-469,489-493
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 765
Page.
Occnpations and literacy 4«7-469, 489-493
nativity 164,477-480
race 168,488-468,477-480
sex 157,166,488-471,477-606
by provinces 476-477
by groups 163,165
discnssion of tables 154-167
of earlier censuses 712
Olmsted, Victor H ... 10,18,14,628-644,647
appointed assistant director 621
report as assistant director 625-627
V7ork characterized 11
Order appointing disbursing officers of census 625
Orders relating to the census 11
War Department, as to census 621-^24
Organ Mountains 19
Organization of Census 10,627
Orography 19
of Santa Clara province 648
Santiago province 652
Osorio, Francisco Qarcia (Governor) 697
Ostend Manifesto 89
Ovando, Governor of San Domingo 67
Ovando, Nicolas de , 25,67
Oviedo 534
P.
Pacificos 89
Packard, Robert L 565
Palacios, Bishop Felix Jose de Treas. (See Trespalacios.)
Palacios district 180,185,192,196,201,204,
219, 226, 289-242, 800, 859, 419-428, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699
Palma Soriano city 190
Palma Soriano district 181,189,198,198,202,205,220,247-
250, 301, 360, 488-487, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 690, 699, 722, 724, 725
PalmiUas district 180,184,191,196,200,208,219,226,237-
239, 300, 859, 418-419, 509, 518, 515, 518, 521, 554, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724
Palmira city 190
Palmira district 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-
247, 801, 860, 426-482, 510, 518, 516, 519, 521 , 554, 686, 699, 721, 728, 725
Pan deMatanzas 19
Paradas, Francisco 674
Parliament, insular 58
Pasamonte, treasurer 66
Pascual, Augustin 787
Paso Real de San Diego district. (See Julian Diaz district )
Partido tobacco 586
Patriotism of Cubans 1 10
Pecheco, Sefior 70
Penal code promulgated 87
Penalvar 568
Penalvar, Fr. Jose Maria. 666
Pendergast y GK>rdon, Luis (Governor) 698
Pensions, civil 59
Digitized by VjOOQIC
766 INDEX.
PMiflions, teachers' 581^^584
Pepper, Charles M 737
Pequeno, Pedro N., supervisor of oeiisa8,Piziar del Rio province 621
report 639
Peralta, Grave de 633
Pereda, G^aspar Btdz de (Gk>venior) 697
Pericocity _ 190
Perico district 180,184,191,1^,200,203,219,226,237-289,
800, 359, 413-419, 509, 518, 515, 518, 521, 554, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724
Pestilence, effect on population 73
Peznela, Don Jacob de la 737
Peznela, Jnan de la (Governor) 698,738
Philip n 584
PhiUppine Islands 40
PicoTnrqnino 20
Pieltain 7 Jove-Hnelgo, Candido (governor) 698
PiSalosa, Diego (governor) 697
Pinar del Rio city, age 204
birthplace 219
citizenship 1^6
conjugal condition 120,132,139,300
dwellings 513
education 240-242
families 509-513
literacy . 148,149,240-242
nativity 99,196,201
occupations .- 156,157,419-423
population 190
race 196-201
sanitation — disposition of excreta 177,521
garbage 175,518
school attendance 150,157,359
sex 196,201,204
water supply 172,174,516
Pinar del Rio district 180,185,192,196,201,204,
219, 226, 240-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699
Pinar del Rio province. (For references to tables, see Provinces.)
center of population 78
division into districts 17
lossesin i>opulation 73
province created 60
Pipian district 179,182,191,194,200,203,
218,226,232-235,299,358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 674, 698
Piracy 29
Pitcher, Maj.W.L -. 60
Placetascity \ 190
Placetas district 180, 186, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244r-247,
301, 860, 426-482, 510, 518, 516, 519, 521, 554, 688, 699, 721, 723, 726
Plantations. (/See Farms.)
Indians employed in agriculture 65
Planters, number 541
Piatt, Senator O.H 9
Playitas, revolutionary attack upon 36
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 767
Page.
Polayiejayy del Castillo, Camilo (Governor) 698
Police, supervisor of 60
system of Habana 59
Policy, Spanish colonial 27-32
Polk, President 38
Population. (See also References under Age, Birthplace, Citizenship, Con-
jugal Condition, Education, Families, Dwellings, Illegiti-
mates, Literacy, Nativity, Occupations, Race, Sanitation,
Sex, School Attendance, Water Supply.)
by previous censuses 702-713
provinces and municipal districts 179-181
wards and cities 181-190
center of 77-80
method of computation 77
density by districts 191-193
discussion of tables 61-72
distribution by altitude 80
effects of ten years' war 87
war 42
historical r6sum6 727-736
losses in total 73
maximum 72
per square mile 74
rural, by districts and provinces 191-193
discussion of tables 74-75
total, at different periods 179
of cities 190
municipal districts 179-181
provinces 179
wards 181-190
urban, discussion of tables 76,77
Port dues 28
Porter, Hon. R. P. (fifec ateo Bibliography) 173,525
Portocarrero, Juan de Prado (Gtovemor) 697
Porto Rico, age of breadwinners 159
married 121
periods 86
comparative age ratios 88
condition of education in 1880 570
dwellings and families 170
families, number of members 116
medianage 84
by sex 92
natives, resident in Cuba 98, 220-225, 472-475, 499-506
occupations 155
by race 163,164
percentage of children 134
married 118,131,143
population occupied 157
unmarried :• 146
widowed 142,143
population of marriageable age 134
ratioeof ohildrenby age.. 89
Digitized by VjOOQIC
768 INDEX.
Ports of entry, Habana 43
opening to commerce 27
PortTampa 40
Portugal, natives, resident in Cuba 220-225
proportion of widowed 143
Potrerillo 19
Poverty, effect on i>opnlation 85
Pozo, definition of term 177
Pozos Dnlces, Count 38
Perseverancia college 580
President, proclamations issued by 10-40
Prison, classification of occupants on schedules 113
Proclamation of Military GK)vemor . 54
President, calling for volunteers 41
Procuradores syndicos 48
Products, chief agricultural 523,504
Professions. (See Occupations.)
Property, ratio of mortgages to value 41
valuation . 41
Protocol between Spain and the United States 41
Provinces:
Areas of 74
Central 60
Created 50
Early divisions of island 720
Number of districts constituting 17
Occidental 50
Organization 700-702
Oriental 60
Statistical tables —
Age and citizenship 112,855-278
education 400-402
literacy 863-374
marriage 122,124,127,310-338
occupations 480-484
school attendance 386-393
sex 124,202
median 90
of population by periods 90
Adults, ratio of consensual unions among 132
sex and race of married 128
Animals, classification of owners 562-564
on farms, not on farms, and total number 561
Area • 74
of farms 543,558-55i5
of forests 553-555
percentage cultivated in sugarcane 549
tobacco 550
of farm land cultivated 543
tototal 543
under cultivation in principal crops 55^-559
Birthplace .. 218-225
and selected occupations.. 499-506
Birth rate by years 716
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 769
Provincses— Continued. Page.
Statistical tables— Continued.
Births by years 714,720-722
Breadwinners 15,156-159
Buildings 168
Buildings, school 618
Cattle, classification of owners 562-564
on farms, not on farms, and total 561
Cattle ranches 540
Censos, valuation of existing...-. 41
Center of population 74-78
Child labor 155
Children, illegitimate 354-856
percentage of given ages 91
ratio to population 91
Citizenship 225-227
and age 255-278
education 228-250
literacy 228-250
nativity 255-278
occupations 485-489
race 1 255-278
sex 255-278,485-489
Coffee plantations 640
CoUeges 584
Conjugal conditions, consensual unions 132-142
andnativity 142
percentages 182
ratios by race 137
marriage, ratio of increase) 127
ratios, urban and rural 119,140
and age 122,124,127
race... 125,187,145
sex 124
by age 128,182,810-883
districts 299,301
nativity 302-304,310-333
race 302-504, 310-333
sex 302-804,310-333
selected occupations 494-498
Cost of education 584
Crops, area of principal 558-559
Cultivation, percentage of farm area under 543
Death rate by years 718,724-726
Deaths, aggregate by years 717
Density of population 191-193
Districts, list of enumerators 668-687
Districts. {See References by name of each. )
Disbursing officers 625
Disbursement of census funds 739
Distilleries 552
Dwellings and families 170,512-514
disposal of excreta 178,520-522
number of occupants 167-168
24662 49
Digitized by VjOOQIC
770 INDEX.
ProvinceB-— Continaed. P»«e.
Statistical tables— Continued.
Dwellings, nrban and rural . 169
Education and age 400-402
citizenship 228-250
Uteracy 228-250,35^-360
nativity 400-402
occupations 489-493
race . 400-402
school attendance 858-360
sex 400-402,489-493
cost 684
Enumerators, list by districts 668-687
Excreta, methods of disposal in use 177,178,520-^522
Families 114-116,507-511
anddwellings 170,512-514
Farms, aggregate number , 543
area 543,553-555
cultivated 553-655
average size 643
number of inhabitants 544
occupants by race 555-657
occupied by owners and by renters 644
percentage of area to total area 643
tenure by occupant 555-657
Forest area 653-555
Garbage disposal 176,517-619
Illegitimates 854-«6
Indebtedness 41
Institutes 544
Labor of children 156
Literacy 148,149
and age 868,874
citizenship 228-350
education 328-250,858-860,489-493
nativity 868-874
occupations 489-498
race 868-874
school attendance 858-360
sex 863-374,489-498
of rural i>opulation 148,149
Live stock, on farms, not on farms, and totals 661
race of owners 663-664
Males of voting age HI
Married 391M04
Median age 90
Mor tgage indebtedness 41
Nativity and age 207-212,255-278,363-374,400-402
citizenship 255-278
conjugal condition 142,302-304,310-833
education 400-402
literacy 863-874
race 194-302,307-
212, 255-278, 302-304, 310-333, 363-374,400-402, 477-480
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 771
Provinces — Continued. Page.
Statistical tables— Oontinned.
Nativity and sex 194-202,207-
212, 255-278, 302-804, 810-383, 863-874, 400-402. 477-480
selected occupations 477-480
Occupations 15,156-159
gronpe 408-451
selected 476-477
andaKe 440-451,480-484
birthplace 499-506
citizenship 485-489
edncation 489-493
literacy 489-493
marriage 494-498
nativity 477-480
race 440-451,477-480
sex 440-451,477-506
Popnlation, density 74
of cities 190
districts 179-180
wards 181-188
percentage of nrban 76
totals at different periods 179,708
Plantations. (See Farms; Sngar and Tobacco plantations.)
Baceandage. 207-212,255-278,810-388,868-674,88&-898,400-402,44(M51
birthplace 221-228
citizenship 255-278
conjugal condition 128,187,802-804,310-888
education 400-402
farm tenure 544,555,556,557
literacy 868-674
nativity 194-202,207-212,
221-228, 255-278, 802-804, 810-888, 868-674, 400-402, 477-480
occupations 44(M61, 477-480
school attendance 886-398,619
sex 128, 194-202, 207-212, 221-228, 255-278, 802-804,
810-888, 868-874, 886-898, 400-402, 440-451, 477-480, 619
ratios 140
Real estate values 41
Regions 51
B^ral population by districts 191-198
Sex and age... 124,207-212,255-278,
802-604, 810-888, 868-874, 886-898, 400-402, 44(M51, 480-484
birthplace 221-228.499-506
citizenship 255-278,485-489
conjugal condition 124-128,802-604,810-888,494-498
education 858-860,400-402,489-498
Uteracy 858-860.868-874,489-498
nativity 194-202,207-
212, 255-278, 802-804, 810-888, 868-874, 40(M02, 477-480
occupations 440-451,477-506
race 194-202,207-212,221-228,255-278,802-
804, 810-383, 868-874, 88&-898, 400-402, 440-451, 477-484
school attendance 858-860,886-898,619
Digitized by VjOOQIC
772 INDEX.
ProYinoes— Contiiiaed« P'^^-
Statistical tables— Continoed.
Sex and teachers 619
excess of males 83
School attendance 158, 386-393, «16, 618, 619
by age 886^393
race 386-393,619
sex 386-893,619
rural 158
Schools 584
classification 618
number 575,618
School buildings, number and seating capacity . . . 618
Stills, number and capacity 552
Sugarcane, production _ 549
percentage of total cultivated area 549
centrals, number and capacity. 552
plantations 540,560
Supervisors, reports of 627-657
Teachers, number and sex 619
Tenure of farms by area, cultivation, and number 555-557
by race of oocuiMmts 544,555-557
Timberareas 553-555
Tobacco, area cultivated 550
crop produced 549
percentageofareato total cultivated land. 550
plantations 540
number and size by production 560
by race of owner and renter 560
(Jrban population ratios 114
Values of censos. 41
mortgages 41
real estate 41
Water-supply sources 171,174,514-517
rural 174
Widowed 144,299-301
Provincial government 50
Public works, funds 88
lacking 81
PuentesOrandescity.. 190
Puerto Padre city 190
Puerto Padre district 181,189,198,198,202,205,220,227,247-350.
801,860, 438-487, 511,514, 517,519, 522,565, 683,699, 722,724, 725
Puerto Principe city, age .. 204,216,291-294,346-349,381,382,397-399,402,458,459
birthplace 219,224
citizenship 227,291-294
conjugal conditions 120, 132, 139, 300, 305, 346-349
dwellings 513
education 242,243,359,402
families 510-513
illegitimates 357
literacy 148,149,242,248,359,381,382
nativity .... 99, 196, 201, 216, 291-294, 805, 34(^-349, 881, 882, 402
occupations 156,157,424-426,458,459
population 190,881,382
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 773
Pag«.
Puerto Principe city, race. 19&,201
316, 224, 291-2W, 305, 346-349, 381, 382, 897-^99, 402, 458, 459
sanitation, disposition of excreta 177, 522
garbage 175,519
school attendance 150,859,397,399
sex 196,201,204
216, 224, 291-294, 305, 346-349, 881, 882, 897-399, 402, 458, 459
watersnpply 172,174,576
Puerto Principe district 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227,242,
243, 300, 359, 424^426, 510, 518, 516, 519,521, 554,683,698,720,723,725
Puerto Principe province. (See references to tables under Provinces.)
center of population 79
province created 50
division into districts 17
Pupils. {See School attendance.)
Purchase of Cuba by United States, proposition made 38,39
Qualifications of municipal electors 49
Queensland, proportion of unmarried 146
Queen Regent of Spain 41
Queipo, Don Vicompte Vasquez 786
Quemado de Guines city 190
Quemado de Guines district 181, 187, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-
247, 301, 360, 426-432, 510, 514, 516, 519, 521,554,687,699,721,723,725
Quero, G^ronimo de (Governor) 697
Qnivicancity 190
Quivican district 179,182,191,194,200,203,
218, 226, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515,518,520,553,673,698
E.
Race and age 95,205-217,261-298,861-403,438-461
aggregate population by periods 97
birthplace 220-225
citizenship 251-298
conjugal conditions 124^142,144,302-863
literacy 158
nativity 194-199,
205-217, 251-298, 302-353, 361-384, 400-403, 462, 463, 477-480
occupations 168,165,488-468
school attendance 152,885-400,618,619
sex. . . 194-199, 205-217, 220-225, 231-298, 302-358, 361-403, 438-468, 477-480
comparative ratios 97
discussion of statistics 96
in relation to farm products 548
of farm occupants 544,546,555-557,560
relative longevity 95
tables from early censuses 710-713
Rafael del Castillo 566
Rainfall 22
Railroads 689
Raja, Vicentes (Gtovemor) 697
Raleigh, Sir Walter 534
Digitized by VjOOQIC
774 INDEX.
Ramat, Bicardo.... 639
Ramirez (intendant) 560
Ramos, Flora 650
Ramsey 738
Rancho Veloz city 190
Rancho Veloz district 181, 187, 192,198, 201, 204, 219, 237, 344-
247, 801, 860, 436-432, 510, 514, 516, 519, 521, 554, 687, 699, 721, 733, 725
Ranchnelo city 190
Ranchuelo district 181,187,192,198,301,204,219,237.344-
247, 801, 860, 426-482, 510, 514, 516, 519. 521 , 554, 684, 699, 721, 733, 725
Rasco, Manael.sQpenrisor of censns.Habanaproyinoe 631
report 627-631
Ratifications of treaty, exchange of 41
Ratios. (See Age, Literacy, Conjugal conditions, Nativity, Occnpations,
Race, Sex.)
Rea 787
Reclus Elis6e. 788
Reciprocity agreement 27
Reconoentrados . 78
supplies fnmished 40
Reconcentration, revocation of edict 40
effect ... 72
on child life 87
policy 89
Reforms anticipated by colonists 86
commission to consider 36
demanded 87
Regions, political divisions so called 51
Registers of property 58
Regla city, literacy 148,149
conjugal condition 120,132,189
nativity 99
occnpations 156,157
population 190
sanitation, disposition of excreta 177
watersupply. 172
Regla district 179,182,194,200,203,218,336,
232, 233, 235, 236, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512,515,518, 520,553,671,698
Religious orders 568
Augustine 569
Remedies city 190
Remedies district 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227,344-
347,801, 860,426-432, 510, 514, 516,519,521,554, 688, 699, 721,723, 7^
Remedies tobacco 536
Repartimientos 65,67
Representation in Cortes 35-37
Reptiles 23
Republics, Cuban, proclaimed 55
Repu blic of Cuba, Congressional resolution recognizing 39
Resources, mineral 30
Restrictions on colonial production 81
Revenues, amounts 38
from taxation and lottery 38
Spanish 39-31
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 775
Page.
RevolatioD,la8t ^
of 1895-1898 89
Revolntions 81-41
Reyna y Reyna, Tomas (Governor) 698
Rio Canto 20
Rivers 20,649,652
lack of 539
Roads, character 20
Rocafort, Mariano (Governor) 697
Rodascity . 175,190
Rodas district 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-
247, 301, 360, 426-432, 510, 514, 516, 519, 521,554,686,699,721,728,725
Rodrignez, Rorrario • 636
Rodrignez, SeSor 574
Roig, Clarissa 638
Roja 33
Rojas, Mannel de (Gtovemor) 696
Romay,Dr 568
Romero, Jnlian 638
Roncali , Federico ( Governor ) 698
Root.Elihn (Secretary of War) 14,625
Roqnecity 190
Roqne district 180,184,191,196,200,208,219,226,237-
289, 800, 359, 413-419, 509, 513, 515, 518,521,554,678,699,720,722,724
Rowan 738
Royal decrees. (See Decrees. )
S.
Sabanilla city 190
SabaniUa district 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,287-
289, 300. 359, 413-419, 509, 513, 515, 518,521,554,677,699,720,722,724
Saco, Jose Antonio 569
Sagra,Sefiorla : 81
Sagra,D. Ramon de la 788
Sagrado Corazon de J esns 0>llege 580
Sagna de Tanamo city 190
Sagua de Tanamo district 181.189,193,198,202,205,220,227,247-
250, 301, 360, 438-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522,555,692,699,722,724,725
Sagna la Grande city, age 204
birthplace 219
citizenship 227
conjngal condition 120,132,189,301
dwellings 514
education 244-247,360
families 510,514
literacy 148,149,244-247,360
nativity 99,198,201
occnpations 156,157,426-482
population 190
race 198
sanitation, disposition of excreta 177,521
garbage 175,519
school attendance 360
sex 198,201,204
water snpply 172,516
Digitized by VjOOQIC
776 INDEX.
Sagua la Grande district . 181, 187, 192, 1»8, 901, 204, 219, 287,
244-247,301,360,425-432,510,514,516,519,521,554,687,699,721,728,723
Sagoa la Qrande Biver 20
Salamanca y Begrete, Mannel (GK>yenior) 696
Salamanca, Juan de (Governor) 697
Saluddistrict 179,182,191,194,200,203.218,
226, 282, 233, 235, 236, 299, 858, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 673, 698
Sampson. William T 41
San Ambrosia College 566
Hospital 568
Seminary 568
San Anacleta College 580
San Antonio Cape 18
San Antonio de los Bancs 175,190
San Antonio delos Bancs district 179,182,191,194,200.203,218,
226.288,235,286,299,858,406-418,508,512,515,518,520,553,672,673,699
San Antonio de las Vegas district 179, 182, 191, 194, 200, 203, 218, 2^,
282,288,235,286,299,858,406-413. 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 678, 699
San Antonio de las Vueltas district . 181, 187, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-
247,801,860,426-433,510, 514, 516, 519, 521, 554, 686, 699, 721. 723, 725
San Antonio de Rio Blanco district. {See Santa Craz del Norte. )
San Basilo Magno seminary 567
San Carlos College 568,580
San Caros College 569
Sanches, Mannel Andres 85
Sanches, Etelvina 632
San Cristobal College 580
San Cristobal district - 180,185,192,196.201.904,
219,226,240-242,800, 859,419-428, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680. 609
Sancti Spiritns city, age 204
birtiiplace _ 219
citizenship 227
conjugal condition 120,132,189.801
dwellings 514
education 244-247,360
famUiee 510,514
literacy 148,149,244-247,360
nativity 99,196,201
occupations 156,157,480-433
population 190
race... 198,201
sanitation, disposition of excreta 177,522
garbage 175,519
school attendance 360
sex 198,201,204
watersupply 172,174,516
Sancti Spiritus College 580
Sancti Spiritus district 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,
227,244-247, 301,860,426-433, 510,514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 689, 699, 721
San Diego 723,725
San Diego de los Bancs district 180, 185, 192, 196,, 201, 204,
219,226,240-242,300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699
San Diego de Nunez district 180,185,196,201,204,
219,226,240-242,300,359,419-428, 509, 518, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 777
Page.
San Diego del Valle district 181,187,102,196,201,204,319,327,
244-247, 301 , 3e0, 426-433, 51 1 , 514, 51 6, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699, 721 , 723, 725
San Domingo 25
importation of slaves into 67
Indian population 66
slavery in island 67
San Felipe city 190
San Felipe district 179,182,191,194,200,203,218,
226,233,235,236,299,358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 673, 699
San Fernando city 190
San Fernando College 580
San Fernando district 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227,
244-247, 301 , 360, 426-433, 51 1 , 514, 516, 519, 522, 555, 686, 699,721 ,723, 725
San Francisco de Paula College 580
Sanger, Lient. Col. J. P. , Ins. Genl. , U. S. A. , appointed director of census. . 621
director of census 15, 694
letter of transmittal 9
reports received by 625-668
San Ignacio College ^ , 566
Sanitation, effect of poor 85
dwellings 167
disposition of excreta 520-622
garbage 517-620
San Jose de las Laj as city 190
San Jose de las Lajas district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218,
236, 233, 335, 336, 399, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 672, 699
San Jose de los Ramos city 190
San Juan battle of . 41
San Juan de los Remedies district {See Remedies district.)
San Juan delas Yerascity 1 190
San Juan de las Yeras district 181,187, 192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247,
801, 360, 426-483, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 654, 685, 699, 721, 728, 735
San Juan y Martinez district 180,185,193,196,201,304,
219, 226, 240-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 616, 518, 521, 554, 679, 699
San Luis city 190
San Luis College 580
San Luis district, Santiago province. ... 181, 190, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-260,
301, 360, 488-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 722, 724, 726
San Luis district, Pinar del Rio province 180, 1»5, 192, 196, 201, 204,
319, 336, 340-343, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521 , 554, 679, 699
San Meliton College 580
San Miguel Arcangel College 580
San Nicolas district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218,
226, 283, 235, 236, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 674, 699
San Rafael College 580
San Ramon College 580
San Sulpicio, religious order 568
Santa Ana city 190
Santa Ana College 580
Santa Ana district 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,287-239,
300, 359, 413-419, 609, 513, 515, 518, 621, 654, 675, 699, 720, 722, 724
Santa Clara city, age 204
birthplace.... 220
citizenship 227
Digitized by VjOOQIC
778 INDEX.
Santa Clara dty, conjagal condition 120,183,189,801
dwellings 1 5U
education 244-347,360
families 511,514
Uteracy 148,149,244-247,860
nativity 99,198,201
oocnpiOions 156,157,426-429
population 190
race 198,201
sanitation, disposition of excreta 177,522
garbage 175,519
school attendance 860
sex 198,201,204
water supply 172,516
Santa Clara district 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247
801, 860, 426-488, 511 , 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699, 721, 728, 725
Santa Clara, losses in population 78
Santa Clara province. (See references under Provinces. )
center of population 79
province created 50
division into districts 17
Santa Cruz de los Pinos district (See San Cristobal district)
Santa Cruz del Norte district 179,188,191,194,200,208,218,
226, 288, 285, 286, 299, 358, 406-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 558, 672, 699
Santa Cruz del Sur city 190
Santa Cruz del Sur district 180.186,192,196,201,204,219,227,242,
248,800, 359, 424-426,510, 518, 516,519,521, 554,682,699, 720, 733, 725
Santa Fe city 190
Santa Isabel de las Lajas city 190
Santa Isabel de las Lajas district 181, 187, 192, 196, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-^7,
801, 860, 426-433, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 686, 699, 721, 723, 725
Santa Maria del Rosario district 179,188,191.194,200,308,218,
226^ 288, 285, 286, 299,858, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518,520,558,671,699
Santiago attacked by American army 40
buccaneers 29
Santiago Apostol College 580
Santiago city, age 205,217,295-298,805-858,888,884,899,400,460,461
birthplace 220,225
citizenship 227,295-298
conjugal condition 120,182,139,301,805,850-353
dwellings 514
education 244-250,360,403
families 511,514
illegitimates 357
Uteracy 148,149,244-250,860,383,384
nativity 99,198,203,317,395,398,805,850-353,403
occupations 156,157,438-487,388,884,460,461
population 190,883,384
race 1 198,
202, 317, 335, 395-398, 305, 850, 353, 883, 384, 899, 400, 408, 460, 461
sanitation, disposition of excreta 177,522
garbage 175,519
school attendance 150,360,399,400
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 779
Page.
Santiago city, flex IM, 202, 205, 217, 805, 850-853, 403
watersnpply 172,173.517
Santiago de Cuba district {see Palma Soriano and San LuIb districts for ^r-
tions of former territory) 181 , 190, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-260,
301, 360, 433, 487, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 722, 724, 725
Santiago province. {See references nnder Provinces. )
center of population 80
portof entry 27
province created 60
division in to di stricts 17
Santiago de las Vegas city — . 190
Santiago de las Vegas district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218,
226, 233, 235, 236, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 673, 699
Santo Domingo (see a2so San Domingo) 534
revolution beneficial to Cuba 48
Santo Domingo city 190
Santo Domingo district 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247,
301 , 360, 426-438, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 687, 699, 721, 728, 725
Scandinavia, natives resident in Cuba 220-225
Schedules, census 61
limitations of forms adopted 9
of agriculture 540,541
school 616
Scholatria at Santiago 566
School attendance 150,584
and education 358-360
literacy 358-360
at latest reports 615
byage 152,385
classes 618
race 152,385,618,619
ratio to population 618
sex 151,385,619
schedules 616
buildings 618
equipment .' 581
law, present ^status of system 585-615
normal 584
number in June, 1900 615
system 585-615
Schools 565-620
by classes and by provinces 618
expenditures for support 585
history of Cuban education 565-581
lack of , under Spanish regime 42
nimiber 575
by classes 684
primary 578
professional 584
secondary 579
superior 579
Scotland, natives resident in Cuba 220-225
proportion of married 118
Digitized by VjOOQIC
780 INDEX.
PMC
Scotland, proportion of nnmarried 146
Secret societies 32,83
Self-Koremment, oensns a step in establishment 10
early 45
Senate, United States, Committee on Relations with Cnba 9
Senor, Father 574
Sergeant, John 34
Serrano, Don Francisco (Governor) 698,734
Settlement of Cnba 23-26
Settlements, early 24,25
Seville, exclnsive trade privileges granted 27
Sex and age 92-^6,122-124,135,
186, 163, 165, 205-217, 251-296, 306-353, 361-403, 43&-461, 463-165, 480-4S4
birthplace ^0-^5,419-506
citizenship 251-298, 465-467, 4S9-493
conjugal conditions 122,
124, 128, 133, 135, 136, 302-353, 469-471 , 485-489, 494-496
education 400-403,467-469,489-493
literacy 153,361-384,467-469
nativity 194, 205-217, 251-298, 302-358, 361-403, 462-463, 477^80
occupations 157,161,163,165,166,438-506
race 194, 205-217, 220-225, 251-298, 302-353, 361-403, 462, 463, 477-480
school attendance 151,385-400
by provinces and districts 194-202
discussion of tables. 80-83
of earlier censuses 710
of teachers and pupils 619
ratios 88
table from earlier censuses 710-713
Shafter, Gen. W. R 40
Shaw, Albert 738
Siete Partidas 44
Sierra Adentro 17
Sierra delos Organos _ 536
Sierra Maestra 16,18,20,652
sparsely populated 75
Siete Partidas 1 44
SilvaClotUde 650
Silvermining 21
Single. (5ee Conjugal conditions.)
Slavetrade 67,731,732
Slavery 729
abolition of 88
Indian 65
introduction of negro 67
Slaves, statistics regarding 98,710-713
Smuggling 29
Sociedad de la Cadena 34
Sociedad Economica 42,43,568,569,574
Sociedad Patriotica. {See Sociedad Economica.)
Soles de Bolivar : 33
South America, natives resident in Cuba 98, 220-225, 473-475, 499-506
Spai n, relations to Cu ba 26-58
emigration. . 26
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 781
Page.
Spain, natives resident in Cnba 220.225,470-475,499-606
proportion of widowed - 143
regulations about colonists 70
treaty with China 71
treaties entered into. (S^ Treaties.)
Spalding, J. B 625
Spalding, W.L 625
Spanish- American war 40-41
Spanish Bank, collection of taxes 80
of Cuba 583
Spanish laws violated 81
theory of colonial government 26
Stamp taxes 80
Statistics, date basis .. 72
Sterling, Marques 641,642,648
Stock raising 539
Students. {See School attendance. )
Sugar 524-560
beet, effect on production of cane sugar 525
cane cultivation, methods 524
production by provinces 549
export duty established 28
fall in price of 88
history of Cuban production 525
method of manufacture 524
mills (centrals) 552
plantations 540
by area, and by race of occupants 560
by production, and by race of occupants 560
development 524
labor regulations . 531
number 524
salaries paid in connection with 53l
price in relation to production 526-538
production by years 527,538
Supervisors of census, appointed 621
instructions given 10
nominated by military governor 10
reports of 627-657
return to Washington 10
Surgidero city 190
Sweden, proportion of unmarried 146
Switzerland, percentage of children 85
proportion of unmarried 146
T.
Tabulating Machine Company 14
contract for census tables 694
method used 61
Tacon, General. 569
Tacon, Miguel (Gtovemor).. 697
Tacon y Rosique, Miguel (GKivernor) 697
Tapaste district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218,
226, 233, 235, 236, 299, ^58, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 672, 699
Digitized by VjOOQIC
782 INDEX.
Tariff 28,81
differential, effeota 29
effect on agriculture 539
TasBO, Don Joee 5^8
Taxation, effect of Spaniah 80
on sngar production 528,529
excessiTe 29-81
Taxes, character 29
Teachers 581-584,578,615-619
number by classes 584
provinces and by sex 619
in June, 1900 651
salaries -. 578
Tejada, Juande (Governor) 1 697
Temperature 21
Ten years* war 36,37
cost 37
effect on conjugal conditions 124,136
schools 581
Tetas de Managua 19
Tineo, Juan A. (Governor) 697
Tobacco 583-537
cultivation 536-537
curing 537
early production 535
monopoly 585
plantations 640
by area and by occupancy 549
by production and race of occupant 549
productions by provinces 549
Tonnage taxes 28
Torre, Don Rodriguez de la 783
Torre, Marques de la (Governor) 697
Torres, Laureano de (Gk>vemor) 697
Trade regr^ilations, colonial 26-29
restrictions 27-89,86
tables, statisticaL (See Occupations. )
winds, effect on climate.... 22
Treaty between Spain and China 70,71
Dutch provinces - 27
UnitedStates 41
of Madrid, between England and Spain 27
Paris (1768) 48
Vienna 68
Zanjon 87,528
with England 68
Treaties, provisions as to trade 27
Trespalacios, Bishop 668
Tridentine Seminary 566
Trinidad district 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244,245,
247, 301, 860, 426^433, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699, 721, 728, 725
Trinidad city, age • 204
birthplace 220
citiBonship 227,245-247
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 783
Page.
Trinidad city, conjngal condition ,. 120,182,139,801
dwellings 514
edncation 245-247,860
familiei 511,514
literacy 148,149,245-247,860
nativity 99,198,201
occnpations 426-488
population 190
race.. 198,201
sanitation, method of disposal of excreta — 177, 522
garbage 175,519
school attendance 860
sex 198,201,204
water supply 172,174,516
Trinidad, port of entry 27
percentage of married population 118,121
proportion of unmarried 146
widowed 148
Troncoso, Bernardo (Governor) 697
Turks Island, proportion of unmarried 146
widowed i 148
Tumbull 788
U.
Ulloa, Francisco Javier de (Governor) 698
Union de Reyes district 180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 208, 219, 226, 237-289.
800, 859, 418-419, 509, 518, 515, 518, 521, 554, 677, 699, 720. 722, 724
Unions, consensual. (See Conjugal conditions.)
United States, age of breadwinners 160,161
married 186
ageperiods 86
of unmarried 146
attitude during insurrections 89
breadwinners 155,159,168
comparative age ratios 88
dwellings and families 170
importation of Cuban tobacco 585
interest in Cuban affairs 88
longevity by race 95
median age by sex 92
of population 84
natives resident in Cuba 220-225,472-475,499-506
neutrality 89
occupations 155,159,168
by groups and sex 166
race 164,165
percentage of married 118
natives in Cuba 98
population occupation 157
marriageable age 121
married 122,128,185
unmarried 146
widowed 148
Digitized by VjOOQIC
784 INDEX.
United States, ratio engaged in occapations 155
of children by age 89
husbands to wives and widowed 143
married to adults 121
widowed 142
sex of breadwinners 161
sngar produced 525
University, early history 566,567
establishment 566
of Habana 579
curriculum 570
of Merida 567
Unmarried (<ee Conjugal condition) 299,301
l>y age» nativity, race, and sex 306-353
sex, race, and nativity 302^305
sex and occupations 494-498
discussion of tables 145-147
ratio to population 146
sex ratios 146
Unzaga, Luis de (Gtovemor) 697
Ursulines, school 668
Valdez, Antonio 689
Valdes, Bishop Francisco Geronimo 567
Valdes, Don Gtoonimo (Governor) 731
Valdee, Father 666
Valdes y Sierra, Geronimo (Governor) 698
Vallejo, Diego ((Governor) 697
VaUeys 19
Value of livestock 540
censos 41
mortgagee 41
real estate 41
Varelo, Felix 668
Vegetables 550,551
Velazquez, Diego (Governor) 25,32,43,65,696,727
Venegas, Franciscode (Governor) 697
Vento spring 173
Vera-Cruz 27
VeredaNuevacity 190
Vereda Nueva district 179,183,191,194,200,203,218,
226,238,235,236,299,358,406-418,508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 673, 699
Vessels, search of American 39
Viamontes, Juan Bitriande (Governor) 697
Viana, Diego de (Governor) 697
Vienna, treaty of 68
Vilaroy Diaz, Dr, Don Juan ... 573
Villa Clara 570
ViUalba, Diego de (Governor) 697
Villalpando, Ambrosio (Governor) 697
Villarin, Pedro Alvares (Governor) 697
Villate, Bias (Governor) 698
Villavicencio, Maria Nunez de 666,668
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX. 785
Page.
Vinalescity 190
Vinalee district 180,185,192,196,201,204,
219, 226, 240-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699
Virginias, capture of vessel 89
Viscaya, Spanish cmiser, visit to New York 40
Vital statistics ...- 86,714
Vives, Captain-General 33,35
Vives, Dionisio (governor) 697
Vives, Don Francisco Dionisio (governor) 730
Vogdes, Capt. Charles B., disbursing officer 625
Voters. (See Citizenship by age.)
qualifications of 45-47-49
VneltaAbajo 17,19,36,536
Vnelta Arriba 17
Vneltascity 190
W.
Wales, proportion of unmarried 146
War, declared by United States.. 41
War Department order directing the taking of the census 621-624
appointing disbursing officers •. 625
War, effects of 42
on marriage 136
population 73
schools 581
sugar production 525,529
War, The Ten Years' 41
Wards 12,46
population by 181-190
Water-supply sources 170-175,514-517
Wealth, effectsof war on..! 42
lack due to governmental policy 82
Weis, Maria 650
West Indies, natives resident in Cuba 220-225,472-475, 499-506
Weylery Nicolau, Valeriano (Governor) 40,581,698
Widowed («ee Conjugal conditions) 142-145,
29^-301, 302-353, 469-471, 494-498, 710
Willcox, Walter F , 14
Wilson, (>en. James H 635,688
Wilson, Maj. James E 631
Wilson, Maj. James L 625
Windward Passage 18
Wines, Dr. F. H 9,10
Wives. (5ce CJonjugal conditions.)
Wood, Maj. Gten. Leonard (Military Governor) 49,57,60,585,638
Xeldes, Francisco (Gk>vemor) 697
Y.
Yaguajaycity 190
Yaguajay district 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247,
301, 360, 426-438, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699, 721, 723, 725
24662 50
Digitized by VjOOQIC
786 INDEX.
Yara River 174
Yayabo River 174
Ybarra, Rosa 637
Telgnez, Biahop Hechavarria 566
Ygleeiacity 190
Yncatan channel : 17
distance from Cnba.! 17
Indiana 733,735
Indians imported in lo Cnba - 67
regulations of immigration from 70
Yumnri Valley 19
Z.
Zamora 738
Zapata Swamp 18,67,648,650
report of enmnerator 658-665
Zanjon, treaty of 37,528
Zaragosa 788
Znazo (licentiate) 66
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