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WAR DEPARTMENT : : OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
EIGHTH ANNUAL
REPORT OF THE
PHIUPPINE COMMISSION
TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR
1907
(IN THREE PARTS)
PART 1
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OmCE
1908
1 26508
• •«• •• !•• ••
•• '•• • • "•••••
• ••••• ••* ••
.•.••• • • ♦ ••• ,
• • •
• • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •»
• •• • .•« .• • •••• •« •
• • •" • •■ ••• • • • • ••
CONTENTS.
Report of the chief of the Bareau of Insular Affairs 3
Legislation enacted by the Eif ty-ninth Congress, second session . . . ^ 3
Agricultural bank 3
Bank of assistant to chief of bureau 4
Philippine government library 4
Le^lation recommended ^ 5
Philippine assembly 5
Bailroads 6
Luzon 6
Panay 7
Cebu 7
Negros 8
Difficulties encountered 8
Postal savuigs bank 8
Paper currency 10
Depositariee of Philippine funds 11
Philippine coinage 11
Stamps... 12
Bonded indebtedness 12
Purchase of supplies 12
Philip|)ines 12
Dominican receivership 13
Cuba 13
New York office 13
Disbursements of Philippine revenues in the Unite<l States 13
Commercial statistics 13
Imports 14
Exports 15
Receipts and expenditures 16
Insular •. 16
City of Manila 16
Law officer 17
Filipino students iu the United States 17
Provisional government of Cuba 19
Cost to the United States of the intervention "i . . 19
Statement of extraordinarv expenditures on acH^ount of the army of
pacification in Cuba from October 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907 20
Expenditures paid by tiie Republic of Cuba on account of American
intervention, October 1, 1906j to June 30, 1907 21
Customs receivership of Santo Domingo. -.^ 21
Organization and personnel 22
Appendix 1. Motlus vivendi 25
Appendix 2. Statement by fiscal vears of the customs service of the
Republic of Santo Domingo under the operation of the
"modus Vivendi," from April 1, 1906, to AugU8t.31, 1907. 26
Appendix 3. Convention between the United States of America and the
Dominican Republic providing for the assistance of the
United States in the collection and application of the cus-
toms revenues of the Dominican R*^public 27
Appendix 4. Executive order — General regulations for the government of
the Dominican customs receivership under and in pursu-
ance of the convention of February 8, 1907, between the
United States of America and the Dominican Republic. . . 30
III
IV CONTENTS.
Report of the Philippine Commission 33
Changes in the Commission 36
Conditions as to peace and order 36
Matters affecting provinces and municipalities 44
Philippine assemoly 47
Important acta passed by the Commission 52
Railroads 68
Philippine Railway Company 58
Manila Railroad Company 59
Progress of the harbor work 60
Budget for the fiscal year 1908 61
Postal savings bank 62
Dingley tariff 62
Shipping act of 1906 63
Bonded and other indebtedness of the Philippine government 64
Specific recommendations 64
Report of the governor-general 75
Bureau of civil service 77
Executive bureau 81
Personnel of the bureau 81
Convention of provincial governors 82
Land tax 84
Provincial funds 86
Municipal funds 90
Public improvements in municipalities 92
Changes in municipal and provincial governments 92
District auditor system 93
Cable tolls 94
Firearms 94
Transportation of government officials and employees to and from the
United States '. 95
Pardons 95
Charges against provincial and municipal ofiicials 95
Elections and the election law 96
Laws of the Moro Province 98
Agricultural conditions 98
Diseases of animals and agricultural pests 100
Public order 101
Consular corps • 103
Manila 103
Iloilo 105
Cebu 106
Fire losses 105
Bureau of audits 106
City of Manila 106
Department of engineering and public works 106
Police department 110
Fire department 1 10
Department of assessments and collections Ill
Department of city schools. 113
Summary of receipts and expenditures 114
Exhibit No. 1. — Report of the director of civil service. .- 117
Appendix-
Revised civil service act 129
Opinions of the attorney-general 139
Resolutions of the Philippine Commission 144
Examination requirements relating to appointment and promo-
tion 144
Recapitulation of examinations 145
Recapitulation of appointments made in the Philippine classified «
civil service 146
Appointments made in the United States civil service in the
Philippine Inlands 146
Table snowing number of Americans and Filipinos in the Philip-
pine civil service 146
CONTENTS. V
Report of the governor-general— Continued. !*■««•
Exhibit No. 2. — Report of theexpcutive secretary 4- 149
Exhibit A. — Caees against provincial and municipal officials 199
Exhibit B. — Cases against provincial and municipal officials 199
Exhibit C. — Appointments and changes in service 199
Exhibit D. — Filipinos and Americans in provincial offices 200
Exhibit E. — Filipinos and Americans in municipal offices 200
Exhibit F. — Registration for municipal elections 201
Exhibit G. — Registration for election of delegates 202
Exhibit H. — President's proclamation to call election 202
Exhibit I. — Proclamation of the governor-general calling election 203
Exhibit J. — Total vote cast, by provinces and parties '. 203
Exhibit K. — Public reception and welcome to the honorable the Sec-
retary of War 204
Exhibit L. — Inauguration of the Philippine assembly 207
Exhibit M. — Joint convention of the Philippine Legislature 228
Exhibit N. — Reports of provincial governors 246
Albay 246
A m bos Camari nes 259
Antique ' 263
Bataan 268
Batangas 273
Benguet 277
Bohol 282
Bulacan 286
Cagayan 293
Capiz 297
Cavite 302
Ilocos Norte 306
IlocosSur 315
Subprovince of Abra 318
Iloilo 322
Isabela 326
La Laguna 335
Lepanto-Bontoc 342
Subprovince of Aniburavan 350
Mindoro *. 351
Misamis 357
Moro Province 364
Nueva Ecija 397
Nueva Vizcaya 406
Negros Occidental 412
N«»ro8 Oriental 416
Palawan 424
Pampanga 427
Pan^inan ^. . 431
• RiziS 439
Romblon 446
Samar 449
Sorsogon 456
Surigao 471
Tarlac 477
Union, La 479
Zambales 484
Exhibit O.— Foreign consuls 491
Exhibit No. 3. — Report of the auditor 492
Exhibit No. 4. — Report of the municipal board of the city of Manila 593
REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF INSU-
LAR AFFAIRS TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR.
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 1
REPORT
OP THE
CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS
TO THB
SECRETARY OF WAR.
War Department,
Bureau of Insular Affairs,
Washington^ October Sl^ 1907.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the Bureau
of Insular Affairs for the past year:
LEQiaiiATIOV BVAGTBD BY THE XTTTY-NINTH CONO&B88, SBOOND
SESSION.
AGRIOUIiTURAL BANK.
One of the most urgent recommendations of the Philippine Com-
mission, and of the Department, requiring Congressional action was
that an act be passed authorizing the establishment in the islands of
an agricultural bank.
The reasons for this recommendation were well set forth in the last
and preceding reports of the Philippine Commission and in the sev-
eral nearings before Congress. The bill as recommended, with but
slight modincation, was passed in the following form :
AN ACT To proTld« for the establishment of an agrlcnltnral hank In the Philippine
Islands.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assemhledf That for the purpose of aiding in the
establishment and operation of such an agricultural bank in the Philippine
Islands as the general government thereof may hereafter specifically authorixe
the Philippine government is empowered to guarantee an income of not exceed-
ing four per centum per annum upon cash capital actually invested by indi-
viduals or corporations in such agricultural bank; such guaranty shall be
granted by an act of the Philippine Oommission which shall contain, among
others, the foUowing provisions:
E^rst. The guaranty shall be made to a company organized under the laws
of the Philippine Islands, with its principal office in Manila and with branches
in such parts of the islands as may be designated by the Philippine Ck)mmission.
Second. The bank shall not grant loans except to those engaged in agricul-
ture and with the sole purpose of assisting agriculture in the Philippine
Islands.
Third. No loan exceeding in amount five thousand dollars shall be made ex-
cept upon the written authorization of the secretary of finance and justice of
the Philippine Islands,
3
4 BBPORT OF CHIEF OF BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS.
Fourth. Interest charged on loans shall not exceed ten per centum per
annum : Provided, That in no event shall the total annual contingent liability
under the guaranties authorized by this Act at any time exceed two hundred
thousand dollars, and no such guaranty shall continue for a longer period than
twenty-five yeafs.
For the further security of the Philippine government said government Qhall
provide by the aforesaid act proper rules, including those for determining the
cash capital actually invested in such bank and the net income actually received
on said capital so invested, and shall provide for supervision by said Philippine
government, through the auditing and other appropriate bureaus thereof, of the
conduct of the business of the bank.
The bank shall make such reports from time to time as to its receipts and
expenditures in such form and substance and sworn to by such officials as may
be prescribed by the Philippine government, and its books and accounts shall
be at all times open to inspection by any authorized agent of the Philippine
government
Sec. 2. That money paid by the Philippine government pursuant to the afore-
mentioned guaranty shall be a liability of the bank to the Philippine govern-
ment, and, as such, shall constitute a lien upon and be paid out of the annual
net profits of the bank, subject only to the right of the stockOolders to receive
therefrom four per centum dividends per annum upon the bank's cash paid-up
capital stock. No dividends above four per centum shall be paid, and no profits
credited to the surplus fund, either during the period of the government's guar-
anty or subsequent thereto, until the Philippine government shall have- been
repaid in full all sums advanced to the bank under said guaranty.
Obligations of the bank to the Philippine government arising from advances
made pursuant to the aforementioned guaranty and existing at the time when
the bank shall go into liquidation shall constitute a lien on the bank's assets,
subject only to the payment of the bank's legitimate debts and the repaymoit
to the stockholders of the par value of the bank's duly authorized cash paid-up
capital stock: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be interpreted as
a guaranty on the part of the Philippine government to the stockholders of the
bank of the par value of the bank's cash paid-up capital stock when the bank
shall go into liquidation.
Sec. 8. That the bank shall not be permitted to hold real estate beyond that
required for business premises: Provided, That the temporary acquisition of
land as the result of foreclosure, or otherwise, on account of a debt, shall be
permitted on condition that land so acquired shall be sold within ten years from
the date of acquisition, and all said land not so alienated in good faith shall be
forfeited to the Philippine government.
Approved, March 4, 1907, 10 a. m.
Since the approval of this act effort has been made to interest
American capital in undertaking this proposition, but as yet without
success, though there is little doubt that m the near future the bank
will be estabushed in accordance with the law.
RANK OF ASSISTANT TO CHIEF OF BUBEAU.
By act of Congress of March 2, 1907, making appropriation for the
support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 80, 1908, the
rank, pay, and allowances of a major are granted to the officer oi the
Armjr whom the Secretary of War is authorized to designate as the
principal assistant to the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs dur-
ing such time as he is serving under that detail. Such detail has been
made and the vacancy in the line caused thereby has been filled.
THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT LIBRART.
By an act of January 18, 1907, Congress provided that the Philip-
pine government library be placed on the list of libraries where Gov-
ernment documents are deposited, and in consequence it is now bein^
furnished with copies of all public documents issued by the Qeneru
Government.
BEPOBT OF CHI£F OF BUBBAU OF IK6ULAE AFFAIBS. 5
LEOISIiATIGK BECOMMENDEB.
The Philippine tariff bill, to which extended reference has been
made in the preceding annu^ reports of the Bureau, failed to reach
a vote in the Senate, and no action was taken on the recommendation
for the further modification of the laws relating to mines and mining
in the Philippines, or with reference to the recommendation for a
general topographical survey of the islands to be undertaken by the
United States. The cost of the quarantine service, light-house con-
struction, and, in part, of the coast and geodetic survey in the islands
continues to be borne by the insular government from island revenues,
though the Commission has recommended that these expenditures be
made from United States revenues, as is the case in Hawaii, Porto
Rico, and other noncontiguous territory of the United States.
FHIUPFIKE ASSEMBIiY.
Section 7 of the act of Congress of July 1, 1902, otherwise known as
the " Philippine civil government act," provides in part —
That two years after the completion and publication of the census, in case
such condition of general and complete peace with recognition of the authority
of the United States shall have continued in the territory of said islands not
inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian tribes and such facts shall have
been certified to the President by the Philippine Commission, the President,
upon being satisfied thereof, shall direct said Commission to call, and the Com-
mission shall call, a general election for the choice of delegates to a ix)pular
assembly of the people of said territory in the Philippine Islands, which shall
be known as the Philippine assembly. After said assembly shall have con-
vened and organized, all the legislative power heretofore conferred on the
PhUippine Commission in all that part of said islands not inhabited by Moros
or other non-Christian tribes shall be vested in a legislature consisting of two
houses — ^the Philippine Commission and the Philippine assembly.
The census herein referred to was completed and published on
March 27, 1905. whereupon the Secretary of War directed the gov-
ernor-general oi the Philippine Islands to make due proclamation of
this fact and to announce that, subject to the provisions of the act of
Congress referred to, a general election for the choice of delegates
to a popular assembly of the people of said territory would be held
two years thereafter. Proclamation was duly made as directed.
On March 28, 1907, the Philippine Commission certified to the
President of the United States that for a period of two years after
the completion and publication of the census a condition of general
and complete peace, with recognition of the authority of the United
States, had continued to exist in the islands, whereupon the President,
on the same date, issued an Executive order calling a general election.
In January, 1907, the Philippine Commission passed the Philippine
election law. In framing this law the election codes of Massachusetts,
New York, the District of Columbia, and California were consulted
and features adopted from each, modified in such a way as to meet
insular conditions and to avoid the mistakes and abuses that have
arisen in some provincial and municipal elections in the islands.
The aim has been to provide a law sufficiently explicit and not too
complicated for easy comprehension. Every effort has been made to
afford the necessary safeguards and machinery to insure purity,
secrecy, certainty, and expedition without causing too great a drain
upon the resources of municipal and provincial governments.
6 BEPOBT OF CHIEF OF BUBEAU OF INSUIiAR AFFAIB8.
The prominent features of this law as amended are the division
of those provinces not inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian
tribes into 78 assembly districts, each province to constitute at least
one district, and the more populous being divided into more districts
in the ratio of 1 to every 90,000 of population and major fraction
thereof remaining. In accordance with this apportionment there
will be 80 delegates, two of whom will represent the city of Manila,
which is considered as a province within the meaning of the act oi
Conffress and divided into two districts.
The first election under this law was held on July 30, 1907, and
on the 16th of the present month the first Philippine assembly was
opened by the Secretary of War.
It is gratifying to notice that although the Nacionalistas, the party
favoring immediate inde^ndence, were victorious in the elections
just hela, the first measure passed by the assembly was a vote of
thanks and appreciation to the American Government for its admin-
istration of the islands during the past nine years.
BAILBOADS.
When the United States entered the Philippine Islands in May,
1898, there were under operation therein only 120 miles of railroad,
extending from Manila northward to Dagupan. There was later
constructed, under the authority of the Philippine Commission,
enough additional trackage to bring the total mileage up to about 200
miles, all being in the island of Luzon. Under the enabling acts of
Q)ngress of July 1, 1902, and February 6, 1905, further concessionary
grants were made by the Philippine Commission on May 28 and
June 10, 1906, respectively, for 428 additional miles of railroad in
Luzon and 295 miles in the islands of Panay, Cebu, and Negros.
Engineers representing the concessionaires immediately left the United
Stetes to make the preliminarv surveys and prepare specifications
and maps to be submitted to the governor-general for approval of
final routes. These final routes are to be substantially in accordance
with those selected by the Government, which have been highly com-
mended by the engineers both of the Government and of the conces-
sionaires, one of them stating that the same mileage could not have
been better selected to produce revenue or to serve the Government's
ends of reaching the large interior towns and rich uncultivated lands
and of furnishing an outlet for the present and prospective produce
of the islands. All of the lines will run through rich country, capable
of producing large quantities of hemp, rice, sugar, tobacco, caoinet
woods, and minerals. The progress of the railroad construction
under these last two contracts follows :
LUZON.
As the Albay pute will tap the great hemp region of the Philip-
pines and pass through or near towns with a population of 188,000 and
m view of the fact that 80 per cent of the male inhabitants are land-
owners, it is quite probable that the earnings of this line will be rela-
tively larger than those of any other projected line on the island of
Luzon. The extension to Camp No. 1, in the north, is to furnish bet-
ter communication with Baguio and its healthful climate, the resi-
REPORT OF CHIEF OF BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS. 7
dence of a month or two each year in which renders it unnecessary
for those not acclimated to leave the islands to recuperate from the
debilitating effects of the Tropica This place is to the Philippine
Islands what Simla is to India, and it is purposed to make it the
^' summer capital " of the islands. The extension to San Fernando
will reach a well-populated section, which promises to produce a pay-
ing passenger traffic, besides great freight possibilities, while along
the proposed line to Batangas and Santa Cruz are some very impor-
tant towns and rich agrici^tural country. The preliminary surveys
and definite locations of these extensions are well under way. All of
them with the exception of the branch in Albay Province connect
with the main line now in operation.
PANAY.
In the interior of Panay the country between Passi and Dumarao
is rouch for railroad work and quite rolling, but the land is good and
should, with^he road in operation, sustain a large population. It will
reach some very sood town%and traverse some excellent agricultural
country, and as the entire interior of the island is dependent upon the
railwav for its development and for the transportation of its produce,
both the freight and passenser outlook is good. The northern and
southern ends of this line loUow the remains of very good roads,
which, with some repairs to bridges, will be of great aid during
construction. As the line in Panay is through the interior, au
supplies have had to be packed overland and the surveying parties
have suffered some delays on account of sickness, bad weather, and
loss of pack animals from surra, glanders, and scarcity of forage.
Definite location surveys have been completed along the whole pro-
posed route, and the first 20 miles from Iloilo to Pototan have been
officially approved by the governor-general. About 1,600 men are
now employed, but the work has been progressing slowly on account
of incessant rains and the shortage of ties and bridge material. As
soon as ties are received, the number of workmen will be largely
increased and the laying of rails will be pushed to the utmost.
Grading has been completed from Iloilo north for a distance of 35
miles, and 11 miles of track have been laid.
CEBU.
In Cebu over 20 miles of track have been laid from a point 5 miles
south of Cebu Ci^ to Xvithin a few miles of Danao, the northern
terminus, and the first regular trains passed over this completed por-
tion on September 16, 1907. Pending the arrival of first-class coaches
now on the way, second-class coaches and converted flat cars will be
run. This will be ample for present demands. The final surveys
and definite plans for all the lines required to be built under the
concessionary contract are practically finished, and as the work is
progressing very rapidly it is expected that a second 20-mile section
will be completed and ready for operation by January, 1908, as it is
all graded and track laying is proceeding. A considerable percent-
age of the grading also nasT)een completed on a third 20-mile section
in this island. It is reported that tne location of the line has been
excellently made and that no material saving could have been accom-
8 REPORT OF CHIEF OP BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS.
plisHed by increasing either the grades or curvature. Although the
haul will be shorter on this island than on the others, it is probable
that the percentage of the population traveling will be higher^ as it
is more closely confined to the immediate vicmity of t^e railway.
As the population of that part of the island which will contribute
to tl^e railway is approximately 450 per square mile and the coimtry
through which this Ime will pass is very productive, the prospective
freight and passenger business ought to cause the revenue^ to be suffi-
cient to pay interest on bonds guaranteed by the government and a
fair return on the stock.
NEOR08.
In Cebu and Negros the men employed on construction have en-
joved good health and there has been but little trouble with animals.
Although there are less people alon^ the line of the proposed route
in Negros, the merchants believe that if the rich sugar country
throum which it will pass can be developed the prospects of the rail-
way there for a fair passenger as well as freight business will be dis-
tinctly good. While it is more difficulUto forecast the income from
the line in Negros, it is hoped that the earnings will be satisfactory
and that there will be quite a margin after the payment of the fixed
charges, as the route along the west coast will reach the best business
and producing section of the island. Definite location surveys have
been run along the entire line, but no ballasting has been done or rails
laid, and the completion of the line in this island will not be pushed
very rapidly until those in Panay and Cebu are well under way, when
some of the forces will be transferred.
DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED.
There have been some difficulties in organizing the grading and
track-laying forces in the three islands last mentioned. The main
trouble, however, has not been with the native laborers, of whom the
reports are very favorable, but in securing competent and efficient
supervising foremen and timekeepers. Late reports from the engin-
eers in charge state thev are very miich encouraged at the progress
made, and believe the lorces now engaged are rapidly approaching
efficiency. On all of these islands considerable trouble and expense
have been experienced in determining property ownership and land
boundaries. Possession has been obtained for all the right of way
of the portions under construction by condemnation proceedings, and
the amounts assessed as the value of the lands taken have been
required to be deposited with the insular treasurer in the form of
certified checks. It has been practically impossible to purchase the
right of way outright owing to insufficient titles and the indispo-
sition of the natives to sell at any price.
POSTAL SAVINGS BANS.
The postal savings bank, authorized by the act of the Philippine
Commission' of May 24, 1906, has been transacting business in the
islands as a part of the bureau of posts since October 1 of that year.
The main provisions of this act are that :
(a) Any person 6 years of age or over residing in the Philippine
Islands, and not under legal disability, may open an account.
BEPOBT OF CHIEF OF BXJEBATT OF IKStlLAB AFFAIBS. 9
(b) Charitable or benevolent societies may, upon approval by the
proper authority, open accounts.
(c) Immediately upon the passage of this act banks be- estab-
lished in the cities of Manila, Iloilo, and Cebu, and other branches
elsewhere throughout the archipelago as rapidlv as possible.
(d) Deposits may be made in money or postal savings bank stamps
to any amount from 1 peso up.
(e) Postal saving b&nk stamps in denominations of 5, 10, and 20
centavos, respectively, are to be held for sale at every postal savings
bank in the I^hilippme Islands, which shall furnish, without char^,
appropriate cards arranged with 10 or 20 blank spaces on which me
stamps are to be pasted. Upon being properly filled these cards may
be deposited with the bank as if they were money to the amount rep-
resented by the face value of the stamps, whereupon a deposit entry
of such amount will be made to the credit of the depositor.
if) Interest of 2^ per cent will be paid on all deposits.
g) The funds of the bank are required to be invested under the
supervision of the government of the Philippine Islands in certain
approved securities, and none other.
\h) Subject to specified regulations deposits may be withdrawn
by telegraph.
The postal savings bank in Manila began operation on October 1.
1906, and on June 30, 1907, there were open for the transaction oi
business throughout the islands 235 offices with resources amounting
to 510,100.64 pesos. The number of accounts opened during this
period was 2,676^ and of the depositors 60.4 per cent were Americans,
35.3 per cent Filipinos, 2.2 per cent Europeans; Asiatics, 1.6 per
cent, and societies, 0.5 per cent. It will be noticed that the American
depositors were in the majority, which was largely due to the. fact
that the stamps, a large shipment of which was made from Wash-
ington in the early part of the present year, did not arrive in the
islands until March. Since their distribution began, however, there
has been a steady growth in the monthlv deposits. The stamps were
designed more especially for the school children, and the fact that
they were availaole only a few days before the close of the school
year (April) will also serve to account for the relatively small de-
posits made by Filipinos during the period covered by this report.
The investment of the funds of the postal savings bank is placed
by law in the hands of an investment board, which at present is com-
posed of the secretary of commerce and police, the secretary of finance
and justice, the director of posts, the insular treasurer, and one busi-
ness man of the city of Manila. On the recommendation of this
board funds of the postal savings bank have been invested in banking
institutions of the islands to the amount of 490,000 pesos in the form
of time deposits bearing 3^ per cent interest. The banks with which
these deposits have been made are all duly authorized depositories of
the Philippine government, and the funds deposited with them are
amply protected by surety bonds filed with the Treasurer of the
United States.
For the purpose of providing a more lucrative field of investment
for the bank's funds laws have Been enacted providing that loans may
be made upon city real estate, under carefully guarded provisions, to
the extent of 25 per cent of the total deposits of the bank ; upon im-
proved agricultural land to the extent of 10 per cent of the total
10 BBPOBT OF CHIEF OF BUBBAU OF INBVIAB AFFAIBS.
deposits; upon any securities the principal or interest of which is
guaranteed oy the Government of the United States or of the Philip-
pine Islands, and to the various provinces for public improvements
under the guaranty of the insular government. Under this last pro-
vision one of the provinces has already applied for a loan of 160,000
pesos for six years, with interest at the rate of 5 per cent.
The total expenses of the bank from its inauguration to June 30,
1907, were 37,393.35 pesos. If from this amount there be deducted
the sum of 6,495.36 pesos, representing interest earned on the invest-
ment of the bank's funds, there will be left the sum of 30,897.99 pesos,
representing the real deficit for the period indicated. A considerable
part of this deficit is, however, more nominal than real, for, excluding
from consideration that part of the supplies in the hands of the post-
masters which will not have to be duplicated for several years, there
were on hand in the divisicm of supplies on June 30, 1907, supplies
to the estimated value of 10,000 pesos*
The Filipinos have had little opportunity to make investment of
their savings or to make them secure in any manner, least of all in a
manner to yield any income. Americans and a few Filiinnos have in
the past made use of postal money orders, payable to tJiemselves, as
a means of safeguarding their earnings for a time. Such an invest-
ment of course draws no interest, and it was estimated by the gov-
ernor-general in his report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1906,
that there were a million pesos held in this form at the time at which
he wrote. The money so held could not be used by the government
for the purpose of reinvestment, and was, therefore, entirely stagnant
in the community.
The postal savings bank meets a much-needed requirement in the
islands, and is one of the most important pieces of legislation enacted
by the Commission. It immediatelj enabled persons to deposit with
the government small sums of money, on which they receive interest
at the rate of 2^ per cent per annum, to be increased later if the opera-
tion of the bank shows tnat it can be successfully done without loss
to the government.
FAFBB CTTBBSNOY.
The act of Congress approved June 23, 1906, authorized the Philip-
pine government to use as reserve, against which currency could be
issued, gold coin of the United States up to 60 per cent of the certifi-
cates outstanding, the former act, to which this is an amendment,
providing that only Philippine silver coin could be used as such
reserve. During the past fiscal year there were prepared by the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing of the Treasury Department and
shipped to Manila by army transports certificates in denominations
and amounts as follows:
July 5, 1906:
20 pesos W» 000, 000
50 pesos 4,000,000
100 pesos 4,000,000
600 pesos 3,000,000
October 6, 1906, 10 pesos 5,000,000
April 5, 1907, 2 pesos 2,000,000
May 0, 1907, 2 pesos 2,000,000
June 6, 1907, 2 pesos 1,000,000
Total— 27,000,000
BEPOKT OF CHIEF OF BUBEAU OP INSULAB AFFAIBS, 11
This makes the total paper currency shipped to the islands to June
30, 1907, as follows:
2 pesos .-- M, 000, 000
.6 pesos 6,000,000
10 pesos 16, 000, 000
20 pesos : 6,000,000
50 pesos « 4,000,000
100 pesos 4,000,000
500 pesos : 3,000,000
Total - 47, 000, 000
BEPOSITABIES OF PHILIPPINE FUNDS.
Depositaries of Philippine funds are those mentioned in the last
annual report, with the addition of the Mercantile Trust Company,
of St. Louis, Mo., which was declared by the Secretary of War, m
June, 1907, an authorized depositary in the United States of the
Philippine government. The total deposits of the treasurer of the
Philippine Islands with banks in the United States on June 30, 1907,
amounted to $13,061,095.86.
PHILIPPINE COINAGE.
The act of Congress approved June 23, 1906, authorized the reduc-
tion of the weight and nneness of Philippine silver coins because of
the increase in She value of silver, which had made the intrinsic value
of such coins greater than their face value as currency. All Philip-
pine silver coins which have been minted since the passage of this act
have been of the following weights and fineness: For the peso, 20
grams of silver .800 fine; W) caitavo, 10 grams of silver .750 fine; 20
centavo, 4 grams of silver .750 fine; 10 centavo, 2 grams of silver
.750 fine. During the fiscal year there were shipped to the San Fran-
cisco mint, for recoinage in accordance with tne new standard of
weight and fineness, f=8,000^00 of Philippine coin and n00,750 of
old Spanish-Filipino coin.
To meet the immediate demand in the islands for additional sub-
sidiary coin the Bureau purchased in the United States during the
fiscal year 965,465.46 ounces of silver, costing $655,382.82, from which*
were coined ^,000,000 in subsidiary pieces, as follows :
50 centavofl W, 100, 000
20 centavos 500, 000
10 centavos 400, 000
Expenses of minting and shipment of the ^,000,000 amounted to
$44,260.12, so that the net seigniorage was $300,357.06 United States
currency on an outlay of $699^642.94. It will thus be noted that the
profit on coin of the new weight and fineness minted from bullion
purchased during the past fiscal year was more than 40 per cent.
12
REPOET OF CHIEF OF BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS.
Philippine silver coins have been made at the United States mints
during the fiscal year and shipped to the Philippines (including ship-
ment on transport July 6, 1907) as follows:
[Value in pesos.]
Peso.
SO^sentavo.
20^entayo.
10-centavo.
Philadelphia
600,000
600,000
250,000
260.000
160,000
Ban Franciw^"
5,&87,000
250,000
Total
6.607,090
1.100,000
600,000
400,000
STAMPa
During the fiscal year there were prepared and forwarded to the
Philippines, under the direction of the Bureau, the following :
Postage stamps ' 1, 010, 000
Stamp books 140, 010
Postal savings bank stamps .' 4, 747, 636
Internal-revenue stamps 9, 100, 000
Documentary stamps 10,000,000
BONDED INDEBTBDNESS.
On September 1, 1906, temporary certificates of indebtedness of
the government of the Philippine Islands then outstanding to the
amount of $1,500,000 were retired by an appropriation of $500,000
from the gold-standard fund in the Philippine treasury, and by a
new issue qf $1,000,000 in certificates running for one year and bear-
ing interest at 4 per cent. This issue fell due September 1, 1907, and
was retired outright, thus eliminating all indeptedness due to the
inauguration of the currency system of the Philippines, which in-
debtraness at one time amounted to $6,000,000.
The bonded indebtedness of the Philippines now is —
Amount.
I Redeem-
I able-
Land purchase 4 per cent bonds
Public works and improvement 4 per cent bonds .
Do
City of Manila sewer and water 4 per cent bonds .
I>o
S7, 000, 000
1914
2,500,000
1915
1.000,000
1916
1,000,000
1915
2.000,000
1917
Due—
1934
1965
19S6
1935
1937
PUBCHASE OF STTPPLIES.
Philipphies. — While the Philippine government has continued its
policy or favoring Manila merchants and brokers in its purchases of
supplies, the Bureau received during the past fiscal year lor execution
in the United States 612 requisitions by mail and 73 by cable.
The system of purchasing through an a^nt in New York City and
paying accounts for purchases from WaSiington, which has been
described in detail in previous reports, continues to give satisfactory
results. Through the courtesy or the Post-Office Department and of
the Government Printing Office, the annual contracts for supplies for
those branches of the United States Government provide that the
BBPOBT OF CHIEF OF BUBEAU OF IN8ULAB AFFAIBS. 18
Bureau ma]r purchase thereunder such supplies as may be required by
the Philippine government As the bureaus of posts and prmting of
the Philippine government naturally use supplies similar to those em-
ploved hj the Post-Offioe Department and the Government Printing
Office, tms arrangement gives the insular government in its smaller
requirements the benefit of the prices made, to the United States
Oovemment on its larger purchases.
By far the larger portion of shipments to the Philippines is made
from New York City via the Suez Canal, the Bureau having a con-
tract with four steamship lines for this service. All meroiandise
shipped is covered in transit by marine insurance, which protects the
government from breakage, damaee, and loss.
Dominican Receivership. — ^To June 30 last there have been pur-
chased for the receiver of Dominican customs and paid for from cus-
toms collected in Santo Domingo supplies, not locallv obtainable and
including four revenue cutter^, to the amount of $74,798.76, the
machinery of the Bureau having been used for this purpose at the
request or the receiver made in August, 1906.
Cuba. — ^At the request of the director of the Cuban census, sup-
plies for the census, which could not be obtained in Habana, were
purchased in the United States by the Bureau and recently shipped
to Cuba.
NEW YORK OFFICE.
The agency maintained in New York Citv under the direction of
this Bureau continues a necessity to the Philippine government in
the purchase and shipment of supplies from the United States as
well as in the protection of the government in its purchases of sup-
plies from Manila brokers. As stated in previous reports, even
should the Philippine government buy all of its supplies in Manila,
the New York office should be maintamed as a check on prices asked
by the Manila*broker.
The force of the Ndw York office comprises 1 purchasing agent and
8 clerks.
2>I8BXTBSBXENTS 07 PHUJPPINE BBVENT7SS IK THE T7NITBD
STATES.
All accounts of the Philippine government in the United States
for supplies, for transportation of employees, for expenses of coinage
and currency, for education of Filipino students, for interest, and for
miscellaneous expenses are paid by the disbursing agent ox Philip-
pine revenues, this Bureau. The total disbursements made during
the fiscal year 1907 amounted to $3^34,153.29, in payment of 3,456
accounts, and the total disbursements from May 20, 1901, the date
the disbursing office was established, to June 30, 1907, amount to
$30,218,594.10, in payment of 16,123 accounts.
OOKMEBOIAL STATI8TIGS.
G)mmercial returns continue to be received monthlv and are com-
piled for record, although their publication, since December, 1905,
appears quarterly instead of monthly.
14
BSFOBT OF CHIEF OF BUBEAU OF IN8ULAB AFFAIB8.
IMPORTS.
The imports, exclusive of gold and silver and United States Govern-
ment supplies, for the fiscal years 1899-1907 were as follows :
Fiscal year.
From—
United States.
ia99fl $1,160,618
1900 1,667,701
1901 2,866,685
1902 4,085,243
1903 8,944,098
1904 4,683,216
1905 5,761,498
1906 4,838,898
1907* I 5,166,859
Other coun-
tries.
111,962,397
18,943,735
27,428,721
28,106,569
29,027,784
28,687,545
25,114,852
21,465,873
23,630,496
Total.
tl3,118.010
20,601,436
80,279,406
82,141,842
32,971,882
88,220,761
80,876.350
25,799,266
28,786,855
• August 20, 1898, to Jun^ 30, 1899.
* Figures exclude free-entry railway supplies.
As compared with last year the returns for 1907 show a larger value
under total imports by approximately $3,000,000, and the dependence,
of the islands on foreign rice continues to decline. Cotton doth was
the leading import, more than $5,500,000 worth having been pur-
chased, which, with the exception of the year 1901, was the heaviest
showing in this line since Ajnerican occupation.
Imports from the United States amountea to over $S,000,000, an in-
crease of more than $750,000. Practically all of this increase may be
credited to cotton cloth, and in the heavier cotton trade of the year
the tariff amendment of February 26, 1906, seems to have corrected
the former discrimination against American piece goods.
From the commercial totals of the year there have been excluded
all imports of railway supplies entered free of duty under the two
franchises recently granted for the construction of railways. These
purchases assumed no importance prior to January, 1907, but
reached a value of $879,759 during the fiscal year, of which the
United States contributed $508,524, while the United Kingdom and
Australasia were credited with almost the whole of the remainder.
This trade is expected to grow in importance during the next few
years, in which the lines contracted for must be completed. Being
subject to free entry and of the nature of extraordinary imports des-
tined to assume large proportions, but for only a short period, and as
their inclusion would seriouslv inflate the normal trade figures, they
have been excluded, as has oeen the usage with Government free
entries.
BEPOBT 07 CHIEF OF BUBEAV OF INSULAB AFFAIBB.
15
SXFOBT8.
The exports, exclusive of gold and silver, for the fiscal years
1899-1907 were as follows:
To-
Fiflcal year.
United States.
other coun-
tries.
Total.
ISWa
1900
1901
13,540,894
3,522,160
2,572,021
7,691,743
13,868,059
11,102,776
15,668,026
11,579,4U
12,079,204
98 as
16 108
20 ^27
16 »36
19 (40
19 162
16 >89
20 '23
21 . , 153
812,366,912
19,751,068
23,214,948
1902
23.927,679
83.119,899
190S
1904
30,250,627
32,352,616
81,917,184
83,713,887
1906
1906
1907
•Auffiut 20, 1898, to Jont 30, 1800.
The value of exports was in excess of any previous year of American
occupation, amounting to $33,713,367, or $1,796,223 above the figures
for 1906. The largest increases are to be noted in hemp and tobacco,
while copra shipments yielded practically the same figure and the
su^r trade suffered a heavy reduction in value.
Hemp exports amounted to 112,895 tons, only a nominal increase
over the reduced quantity marketed in the previous year, but higher
prices have prevailed, and an increase of more than $1,500,000 is
included in the total of $21,085,081. Of this sum, American pur-
chases represent slightly more than half.
The tobaooo trade showed increased export activity in both leaf
and manufactures, and reached a value of $8,129,194, with an increase
of $739,304 over the record for the previous year. Of this increase,
leaf tobacco made up nearly $500^000, cigars were credited with
$147,371, while a notable gain of $87,467 was found in ci^rettes — a
trade that has not amounted to as much as $25,000 in previous years.
The United States did not figure at all as a purchaser of leaf, but
took cigars to the value of $26,067.
Copra shipments suffered a reduction of 25 per cent in quantity,
but in. consequence of exceptionally high prices showed a nominal
increase in value, and the ^,000,000 trade of the previous year was
maintained.
The sugar industry was less fortunate, and between a somewhat
reduced quantity and a decline in prices, a reduction of $929,405
was recorded for the year. Sucar exports amounted to 118,396 tons,
valued at $3,934,460, and found an almost exclusively oriental mar-
ket, with shipments to the United States amounting to but $234,074.
16
REPORT OP CHIEF OF BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS.
BECEIPTS AND EZFEiroiTUBES.
The following statement of revenues and expenditures of the
Philippine government, exclusive of all items of a refundable char-
acter, covers the period from the date of American occupation, Au-
gust 18, 1898, to June 80, 1907:
REVENUES.
PiBcal year ended June I
Insular.
Provincial. City of Manila. Total.
1899.^ •3,558,682.88
1900 6,899,840.58
1901 10,758,469.96
1902 1 9,871,288.11
1908 10,767,466.63
1904 10,249,268.98
1905..* i 11,549,495.87
ltf06 , 11,468,087.16
1907.
Total.
11,149,619.25
85,756,667.81
82,008,480.88
2,627,252.98
3.295,839.47
8,107,912.91
4,509,572.02
4,604,528.81
20,058,686.62
81,199,598.21
1.541,575.85
1,981,129.97
1,441,165.82
1,995,289.86
1,691,341.93
9,800,096.63
13,558,
6,899,
10,753,
12,579,
14,826,
15,476,
16,098,
17,972,
17,445,
682.83
340.68
459.95
357.20
284.41
233.42
674.10
929.08
489.49
115,610,350.96
EXPENDITURES.
1899 82,376,327.12
1900 1 4,768,7W.66
1901 6,461,628.87
1902 ; 8,189,404.69
1908 1 10,249,588.40
1904 1 11,122,662.88
1905 12,248,867.83
1906 ! 10,146,779.12
1907 I 8,408,012.84
11,633.158.22
1,961,261.22
2,839,826.10
1,474,820.43
4,836,091.82
4,786,088.20
ToUl 73,961,798.81
16,499,695.49
8622,294.81
1,177,611.67
1,678,803.50
2,574.102.78
2,492,892.28
1,560,801.40
10,005,606.39
82,376,
4,758,
6,451,
10,444,
18,408,
16,040,
16,297,
16,974,
14,704,
827.12
798.66
528.87
857.62
406.29
091.98
280.54
262.67
852.44
100,467,000.69
Receipts and expenditures for the fiscal pear ended June SO, 1907,
Amount of funds In the Philippine treasury on June 30, 1907,
available for purely administratiye purposes, exclusive of
funds derived from refundable collections and bond issues $6, 935, 288. 48
INSULAR.
Insular net revenues for the fiscal ^ear ended June 30, 1907, ex-
cluding all items of a refundable character 11,140,619.25
Net ordinary Insular expenditures, including in-
terest on bond issues and contributions made to
the city of Manila and tg the provinces in lieu
of land taxes, cancellation of loans to prov-
inces, and contributions for provincial adminis-
trative purposes $8,408,012.84
Excess of insular revenues over expenditures 2, 741, 606. 41
11, 149, 619. 26
CITY OF MANILA.
Revenues collected by the city, inclusive of the amount con-
tributed by the insular government under provisions of the
charter of the city $1,691,341.98
Ordinary expenditures of the city, including interest and sinking
fund charges on sewer construction bonds 1, 660, 801. 40
Excess receipts over expenditures 130, 540. 53
In addition, $101,297.45 was disbursed for insular purposes from
the Congressional relief fund. There were also disbursed funds,
which may be designated bond issues, as follows:
Public works and permanent improvement fund $374,299.09
Sewer and waterworks construction fund 1,187,107.77
BBPOBT OF CHIEF OF BUBBAU OF INStJLAB AFFAIBS. 17
LAW OFFSCOOL
The work of this office has increased in volume during the last year.
Not only has it included the consideration and decisi<m of questions
arising in the Philippine Islands, but also many civil matters pre-
sentea for the consiaeration of the Secretary of War.
FILIPINO STTJDBimi IN THB UNmD 8TATB8.
At the close of the last fiscal year 188 students were bding educated
in the United States at the expense of the Philippine government
and under the supervision of this Bureau. These students were dis*
tributed throughout the schools of the country as ^own in the fol-
lowing list:
Riverside, Cal. :
Riverside nigh School 1
Boulder, Colo.:
University of Ck)lorado 1
New Haven, Ck>nn.:
Tale University 1
District of Columbia :
Catholic University 1
Coast and Geodetic Survey— 2
Georgetown University 6
George Washington Univer-
sity 1
National University 2
Chicago, 111.:
University of Chicago 8
University High School (Uni-
versity of Chicago) 2
Rush Medical College 2
Lewis Institute 2
Armour Institute of Tech-
nology 2
College of Physicians and
Surgeons 8
Northwestern University Law
School 2
Evanston, 111.:
Northwestern University 1
De Kalb, 111.:
Northern Illinois State Nor-
mal School 6
Macomb, 111.:
State Normal School 6
Normal, 111.:
State Normal School 5
Urbana, 111.:
University of Illinois 18
Bloomington, Ind. :
Indiana University 5
Lafayette, Ind.:
Perdue University 11
Notre Dame, Ind. :
St. Mary's Academy 2
University of Notre Dame — 7
Ames, Iowa:
State College of Agriculture.. 8
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 2
Iowa City, Iowa:
University of Iowa 8
Manhattan, Kans.:
State College of Agriculture.. 8
Boston, Mass.:
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology 8
Lowell, Mass.:
Lowell Textile School 1
Worcester, Mass.:
Clark College 1
Lansing, Mich.:
State Agricultural College — 2
St. Paul, Minn. :
College of St Catherhie 2
Lincoln, Nebr.:
University of Nebraska 6
Trenton, N. J.:
State Normal School 6
Ithaca, N. Y. :
Cornell University 7
Oswego, N. Y. :
State Normal School 8
Cincinnati, Ohio:
University Technical School— 8
Columbus, Ohio:
Ohio State University 8
Oberlin, Ohio :
Oberlin Conservatory of
Music 1
Eugene, Oreg. :
University of Oregon 1
Philadelphia, Pa. :
Drexel Institute 8
Pennsylvania Academy of
Fine Arts 1
Univessity of Pennsylvania 2
Women's Medical College 2
Villanova, Pa.:
College of St, Thomas 1
West Chester, Pa. :
State Normal School 5
Madison, Wis.:
University of Wisconsin 9
188
18
BBPOBT OF CHIEF OF BUREAU OF IKSULAE AFFAIRS.
The courses pursued by these students were as follows :
Normal (teaching) 44
ClvU engineering 32
Agricolture 23
Law 21
Mechanical engineering 19
Medicine 1 17
Commerce or business 6
Chemistry or chemical engineer-
ing 4
Electrical engineering 3
General or preparatory 2
Science 2
Pharmacy 2
Coast and geodetic survey 2
Architecture
Art
Forestry
Music
Veterinary science
Textile weaving
It will be noted that their time in this counting was spent in prepa-
ration for educational or industrial work in the islands.
In the period between the date of the previous report (showing 184
students in this countrv) and the close of the fiscal year one aeath
occurred and three students were returned to the islands, one because
of gross misconduct and two because of neglect of studies. During
that period three new appointments were made, all three appointees
being private students already in this country.
Ot the 183 students above mentioned, 92 were appointed by the
governor-general in October, 1903, for a period of four years, which
expired during the present month. Of these, 36 have been reap-
pomted to complete courses of study (mostly engineering, affricm-
ture, and medicine), one has been permitted to remain for &rther
study (law) at his own expense, and 55 have been returned to the
islands, having completed their courses of study (mostly law and
teaching) .
During the past four months, 61 students have been returned to the
islands; m July, 22; August, 24; September, 11; October, 4. Fifty-
five of these were of the 1903 students above mentioned, 3 had com-
pleted courses before expiration of terms of appointment, 1 returned
because of serious trouble with the eyes, and 2 were sent back because
of misconduct.
Since the close of the fiscal year, 2 new appointees have arrived
from the islands, and at the present date, October 31, 1907, there are
in this country 123 Government students, not including the 1 remain-
ing^at his own expense.
During the past summer many students were in attendance at
various summer schools, making up deficiencies, while others were
employed in commercial work, gaining practical knowledge along
their lines of study.
The health of the students has been generally good and they suffer
but little from the climate. Two serious cases of illness occurred;
one finally requiring operation for appendicitis from which the
student has fuUy recovered; the other, cancer, to which, in spite of
the ablest surgical and hospital treatment, Ignacio A. Rosario, of
Manila, succumbed on April 7, 1907, and his remains were promptly
returned to his parents. He was a bright student of promise and
ability, and was highly esteemed.
It should be noted that this Bureau has been given every assistance
bv the instructors and schools in which students have iJeen placed.
There have been shown a kindly cooperation and interest which have
materially lessened the care of these students and impressed them
with the best side of American life.
REPORT OF CHIEF OF BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS. 19
Conclusion as to the value of this educational movement to the
Philippine government can best be made after observation of results
attained by the students returning this summer. They excelled in
studies, in sports, in music, and especially in military science. In
open competition they secured many valuable prizes, one having won
a fellowship in a leaaing university of this country.
It is not too much to say that as a whole the students have done
remarkably well. While naturally handicapped by the language,
they hold their own with American students, and in some instances
stand first in their classes. T^ey are esteemed highly by classmates
and instructors. Without a single exception, they exemplify to a high
degree the Filipino characteristics or gentlemanly, courteous, and
i-espectful demeanor, and almost without exception are earnest, faith-
ful, and industrious. As a whole they are such a body of active,
intelligent, and progressive students as any country might well be
proud of.
PBOVISIONAL OOVEBNMENT OF CUBA.
The business of the provisional government of Cuba recjuirinff
action in the United States, which was by Executive Order directed
to be conducted through this Bureau, continues to be transacted here.
Peace and quiet reigp over the entire island and confidence among the
business men is again largely restored.
COST TO THE UNITED STATES OF THE INTERVENTION.
The act making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appro-
priations for the fiscal year ending June 80, 1907, approved March 4,
1907, contains the following provision :
The President is hereby authorized to receive from the treasury of the Cuban
Bepublic and pay into the Treasury of the United States from time to. time
such amounts to reimburse the United States for the expenditures from the
United States Treasury made necessary on account of the present intervention
as he may consider the Cuban treasury then able to pay without serious em-
barrassment
Such expenditures, it was evident, would be exclusively for mili-
tary purposes, and experience having demonstrated the difficulty of
determining at a later time the amounts of expenditures due to such
operations and of segregating them from normal expenses of the
Army, the matter of having reports of such expenses made monthly
during the period of occupation was immediately taken up, and the
results up to June 30, 1907, are given in the following table.
No other expenditures due to the intervention have oeen made from
United Stat^ funds.
There is likewise given the amount paid during the same period
from Cuban funds on account of the American mtervention. The
expenditures from this latter source are made from funds allotted
from time to time by the provisional governor from the Cuban treas-
ury for certain expenditures of the Anny that would not be necessary
except for its service in Cuba.
20 RBPOBT OF CHIEF OF BUBEAU OF INSULAR AFFAIB8.
StalemerU of extraordinary expenditures on account of the army of pacification in Cuba
from October /, 1906, to June SO, 1907.
Military information division, U. S. Army $4,906.28
Signal Corps, U. S. Army:
Services $720.77
Salaries 2,271.66
Instrumente, equipment, and tools 58, 092. 76
Supplies 33,807.80
Total 94,892.98
Engineer Department, U. S. Army:
Instruments 6, 748. 29
Services 7,406.66
Supplies 3,492.67
Construction of dock 1, 203. 17
Total 17,849.79
Medical Deportment, U. S. Army:
Expre^age 4. 46
Meaical attendance and medicines 439. 07
Hospital laundry 1, 945. 41
Pay of employees 4,898.66
Blanks and stationery 980. 57
Medical supplies and equipment 80, 570. 86
Total 88,839.02
Commissary Department, U. 3. Army:
Advertising .• 67.00
Printing 66.92
Commissary stores 64, 182. 03
Ice 14,060.86
Rations, civilian employees 16, 798. 06
Expenses, United States army transports 87, 879. 38
Commutation of rations 13,089.26
Salaries of civilian employees 19, 1 81 . 42
Subsistence property 13, 649. 87
Travel rations 2,159.34
'Total 171,184.14
Quartermaster's Department, U. S. Army :
Emergency fund 105,625.00
Cavalry, artillery, and engineers* horses 32, 500. 00
Clothing and equipage H6, 800. 32
Army transportation 2, 013, 283. 31
Barracks and quarters 24, 399. 01
Incidental expenses 103, 750. 86
Regular supplies 291, 112. 77
Total 2,656,471.27
Ordnance Department, U. S. Army :
Ordnance depot, Habana 3, 838. 09
Paymaster's Department, U. S. Army :
Courts-martial 2,870.0^)
Mileace and actual expenses 39, 683. 81
Travel expenses, paymaster's clerks 642. 00
(>)mmutation of quarters 24, 225. 07
Pav increase, enlietod men 136, 092. 86
Salary increase, officers 51,936.94
Total 266,460.76
Judge- Advocate-General, V. S. Army :
I>aw books 444.10
Paymaster's Department, IT. S. Marine Corps:
Pay of enlisted men, foreign service 27, 868. 73
Pay of officers, foreign service 7, 355. 54
Mileage paid to officers 1,374.28
BSPOBT OF CHIEF O^ BUREAU OF INSUIAB AFFAIBS. 21
Paymaster's Department, U. 8. Marine Corps — Continued.
Traveling expenses to officers $2,869.10
Commutation of quarters to officers 590 .80
Mounted pay 950.84
Transportation of officers 63. 54
Total $41,072.83
Quartermaster's Department, U. S. Marine Corps:
Contingent expenses : 12,534.35
Provisions 15,413.60
Transportation and recruiting, Marine Corps and
U.S. Navy K^,n5.15
Forage 111.70
Military stores 4.67
Pay of Marine Corps .^ 271.73
Pay, miscellaneous 31. 26
Bureau of medicine and surgery 353. 41
Total 41,835.87
Grand total 3,376,735.13
Bwpenditures made by the Republic of Cuba on account of American intervene
tion, October i, 1906, to June SO, 1907.
Amount advanced by Republic of Cuba $387,716.23
Expenditures:
Barracks and guarters $329,503.00
Salary of provisional governor 14, 333. 28
Printing and miscellaneous expenses 2, 708. 18
Amount in Bands of disbursing officers 41, 171 . 77
Total 387,716.23
Note. — ^The amounts given are those reported, and before any refund should
be called for these reports should, be scrutinized and the amounts carefully
audited.
CUSTOMS BEGEIVEBSHXP OF SANTO DOMINQO.
By the modus vivendi of March 31, 1905,« it was provided that until
the l>)minican Congress and the Senate of the United States should
act upon the convention of February 7, 1905, the President of the
Dominican Republic, on the nomination of the President of the' United
States, should appoint a person to receive the revenues of all the cus-
tom-houses of tne Republic. Of the net revenues collected, 45 per
cent was to be turned over to the Dominican Government, and usea in
administrative expenses. The remainder, less the expenses of collec-
tion, was to be deposited in a bank in New York to be designated by
the President of the United States and to remain there for me benefit
of all creditors of the Republic, Dominican as well as foreign, and not
to be withdrawn before tne Dominican Congress and the Senate of the
United States should have acted upon the convention then pending.
During the operation of the modus vivendi all payments were to be
suspended without, however, in any way interfering with or chan^ng
the substantial rights of creditors. This modus vivendi went into
effect on April 1, 1905.
Under the receivership created by this modus vivendi there has
been collected, to August 31, 1907, $7,183,397.56. Of this amount 45
. __ _ _
o See Appendix 1, p. 25.
22 REPORT OP CHIEF OF BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS.
per cent was turned over to the Dominican Government, and $3,318,-
946.97, to bear interest while on deposit, has been remitted to New
York.®. This is in striking contrast with the results of the customs
operations of former years, when, having control of the entire reve-
nues of the Republic, the Dominican Government had not only been
unable to pay its current expenses, but found its apparent public debt
increased at an average rate of almost $1,000,000 a year for some
thirty-odd years.
The convention between the United States and the Dominican Re-
public, signed at Santo Domingo City on February 8, 1907, was trans-
mitted to the U. S. Senate on February 19, 1907, by the President for
ratification^ and was ratified on the 25th of the same month. After
formal ratification by the President of the United States and the
Dominican Republic, ratifications were exchanged July 8, 1907, and
formal proclamation made by the President on the 25th of the same
month.* Regulations have been drawn up for the application of its
provisions." The treaty sets forth that tne debts or the Dominican
Ilepublic amount to more than $30,000,000, nominal or face value,
which have been scaled down by a conditional adjustment and a^ee-
ment to some $17,000,000, including interest, in the payment of which
the Government has requested the assistance of the United States.
The latter agrees to give this assistance subject to certain conditions
set out in the treaty, the principal among which are (a) that the
President of the United States shall appoint the general receiver of
the Dominican customs and his assistants, and (&) that the Domini-
can Government shall provide by law for the payment to such general
receiver of all the customs duties of the Republic. The money col-
lected is to be applied as follows: (1) To paying the expenses of the
rpceiyership ; (2) to the payment of interest on bonds issued by the
Dominican Government in connection with the settlement of its debts;
(3) to the payment of the annual sums provided for amortization
of said bonds, including interest upon all bonds held in the sinkinff
fund ; (4)^ to the purchase and cancellation or the retirement and
cancellation, pursuant to the terms thereof, of any of said bonds as
may be directed by the Dominican Government, and (5) the re-
mainder to be paid to the Dominican Government On the 1st day
of each calendar month the sum of $100,000 is to be paid over by the
receiver to the fiscal agent of the loan, and the remaining collection
of the last preceding month paid over to the Dominican Government,
or applied to the sinking fund for the purchase or redemption of
bonds, as the Dominican Government shall direct. Should the rev-
enues thus collected exceed $3,000,000 for any one year, one-half of
the surplus is to be applied to the sinking fund for the redemption
of bonds.
OBeANIZATION AND PEBSONNEL.
The classification of the civilian force remains the same as last
year, with a total of 74 employees, the total salaries aggregating
$87,400. Of this force 3 clerks have been detailed without pay to
« For statement by years see Api)endix 2, p. 26.
^ For text see Appendix 3, p. 27.
^ See Appendix 4, p. 30.
BBPOBT OF CHIEF OF BUREAU OF IKBULAB AFFAIB8. 28
assist the United States provisional government in Cuba. ^ During the
year the Bureau has lost 13 employees by transfer or resignation.
In this year's estimate the Bureau has recommended the discontinu-
ance of the 14 clerks of the $900 grade, asking in lieu thereof an in-
crease of 2 additional clerks at $1,400, 5 at $1^00, and 4 at $1,000.
This will decrease the total number of employees from 74 to 71, and
increase the total appippriation by $200 omy. The discontinuance of
the $900 grade is desired because experience has shown great diffi-
culty in getting and keeping good men at that salary. In many cases
appointees at this salary, nnding prpmotion slow, leave the service
for better salaries elsewhere.
Bv obtaining a more permanent force, through the discontinuance
of tne above grade and by the increases indicated in classes 2, 1, and
$1,000, it is hoped that the reduction will be met by the greater effi-
ciency of more contented employees. This is the experience of the
Adjutant-General's office, which now has no clerk grade below $1,000.
1 urge the necessary legislation in accordance with the approved
estimate.
Respectfully submitted.
Clabbkcb B. Edwards,
Brigadier-Gensral^ U. 8. Army^ Chief of Bureau.
The Secretary of War.
Appendix 1.
Modus Vivsnui.
[Translation.]
Oablob F. M0BALB8, li., Oonaiitutional President of the BepuUic:
For the purpose of protecting all the creditors of the Republic until the Do-
minican Ck>ngre88 and the Senate of the United States shall act upon the con-
vention signed on the 7th of February of the current year by the representatives
of the Governments of the Dominican Republic and of the United States, of
maintaining alive meanwhile the said convention, and of facilitating its full
execution if it should be ratified, or not prejudicing any right should it be
rejected;
The opinion of the council of Secretaries of State having been heard :
Resolves: First To name the person to receive the revenues of all the cus-
tom-houses of the Republic, and, for the better guaranteeing of the latter*s
creditors, to leave to the President of the United States the designation of the
person who will receive said revenues, the Dominican Government conferring
upon him the ofllce, providing always that the designation shall be satisfiictory
to it
Second. The sums collected shall be distributed in the following manner :
(a) Forty-five per cent to be used in administrative expenses.
ih) The necessary expenses of collecting, including the salaries of all the
employees of the custom-houses.
Third. The remainder, as a sum destined to the payment of debts, shall be
immediately deposited in a bank in New York, which shall be designated by the
President of the United States, remaining on deposit for the benefit of all the
creditors of the Republic, Dominicans as well as foreign, and shall not be with-
drawn before the Dominican Congress and the Senate of the United States
shall have acted upon the pending convention.
Fourth. If the final action of ttie Congress of the Dominican Republic and
of the Senate of the United States shall be favorable to the pending conven-
tion, the sums so deposited shall be distributed among the creditors in propor-
tion to their Just claims, in accordance with said convention; If the action of
the said Congress and Senate shall be adverse, the said sums shall be at the
disposition of the Dominican Government for equitable distribution among
the creditors, according to the arrangement it shall make with them.
Fifth. In order to do effectively what is above provided for, the Executive
8ii^)ends all payments upon the debts of the Republic, of whatever nature, dur-
ing the time that this modus Vivendi continues in operation.
No document shall be received in payment of customs or port dues, and the
total amount of all revenues payable through the customs shall be delivered to
the receiver of whom this resolution makes mention.
Sixth. This modus Vivendi is not intended to interfere with or change the
substantial rights of creditors, nor to repudiate or modify any of the agree-
ments hereinbefore made by the Government, except in so far as the immediate
enforcement of such rights and agreements may be suspended by the general
moratorium herein declared.
This modus Vivendi will take effect from the 1st of April of the current year.
Given in the National Palace of Santo Domingo, capital of the Republic, on
the 31st day of March, 1005 ; sixty-second year of independence and forty-second
of the restoration.
(Signed) MoKALBS. L.
Countersigned.
The Minister of Finance and Commerce,
Fedebioo Velasquez H.
26
Appendix 2.
Btatement, by fiscal years, of the customs service of the Republic of Santo Do-
mingo under the operation of the ** modus viveiUU,*' from AprU i, 1905, to-
Auffust 91, 19(n
Apr. 1.1906. to
June SO, 1905.
July ljl906, to' July 1 . 1906, to July 1, 1907, to
June 90, 1906. June 80,1907.
Aug. 81, 1907.
Total.
«2,186.17
13,45197
7,427.88
DEBITS.
Expenditures:
Interest and exchange,
8. Michelena ,
Salaries and expenditures
at all ports
Salaries and expenses, office
of receiver and general
comptroller
Expenses of customs and
frontier guard
Expenses of revenue-cutter
service
Cost of revenue cutters
Cost custom-house at £1
Fonda
Expenditureefrom internal rev- I
enues: ,
Ramona-Seybo-Macoris 1
Rwy !
Mona-Monte Criatl Rwy '
Refunds of customs collections: I
Refund of personal fees and
concessions I 8,462.78
Refund of excess duties
Available for distribution:
Sinking fund, New York
Balance due Republic of
Santo Domingo from 46
per cent fund
Internal revenue, 80 per cent
export duties, balance
Quaranty fund for construc-
tion of railroads (derived
from internal revenue
fund)
Payments:
Republic of Santo Dominso.
Remittance under"Awara" .
Bills payable
Morris indemnity
Las Matas affair
Milbum settlement
15,406.54
70,199.47
84,188.94
32,870.66
1,065.68
18,680.00
5,985.06
ToUl.
CHEniT.
GrosH customs oollectionH.
26
54,911.06
8,897.10
254,168.79 | 1,287,158.78
$11,668.96
72,478.28
87,688.06
58,098.22
42,012.96
88,517.50
8,046.80
28,137.19
56,770.45
64,728.94 i
9,172.57
143.882.02
2.761.43
8.167.96
1.216,428.73
6,*366.66'
22,706.17
1,845,767.46
1,128.85
5,000.00
440.492.00 I 2,786,990.99
8,277,882.48
523, 880. 12 2, 712, 821. 56 ' 3, 800, 392. 44
$12,258.58
7,299.06
8,090.29
15,828.86
1.12
9,006.18
15,008.66
11,094.40
2,885.74
1,481,045.12 296,584.88
65,250.55
7,782.05
6,006.42
271,900.00
$19,166.67
168,891.26
86,648.94
99,064.17
58,402.60
57,197.60
8,742.92
48,067.88
71,779.01
139,197.20
16,906.41
8,818,946.97
65,260.66
7,782.06
28,71L60
2,977.968.21
2,761.48
8,167.96
5,800.00
1.126.86
5,000.00
729,062.09
7,183.897.56
646,303.45
7.183,897.66
Appendix 3.
OOHVBXmON BBTWXEK THB JJKJTXD 0TATE0 OV AXBBZOA AlTD THB DOKZNIOAK
BBFUBUO PBOVZBZHa VOR THB AB8XBTAK0X OF THB XJNITBD BTATB8 ZH THB OOZ«-
IiBOTZOir AKD.AFFUOATZON 07 THB OUBTOKB BBVBNTTBS OF THB DOMIVIOAN BB-
FUBUO.
Concluded February 8, 1907.
Ratification advised by Senate February ftS, 1907,
Ratified by President June 22, 1907.
Ratified by President of the Dominican Republic June 18, 1907.
Ratifications exchanged at Washington July 8, 1907.
Proclaimed July 25, 1907.
Br THE President of the United States of Amebiga,
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas a convention between the United States of America and the Domini-
can Republic proTlding for the assistance of the United States in the collection
and application of the customs revenues of the Dominican Republic, was con-
cluded and signed by their respective Plenipotentiaries at the City of Santo
Domingo, on the eighth day of February, one thousand nine hundred and seven,
the original of which convention, being in the English and Spanish languages, is
word for word as follows :
Whereas during disturbed political conditions in the Dominican Republic debts
and claims have been created, some by regular and some by revolutionary gov-
ernments, many of doubtful validity in whole or in part, and amounting in all
to over $30,000,000, nominal or face value ;
And whereas the same conditions have prevented the peaceable and continuous
collection and application of National revenues for payment of interest or prin-
cipal of such debts or for liquidation and settlement of such claims; and the
said debts and claims continually Increase by accretion of Interest and are a
grievous burden upon the people of the Dominican Republic and a barrier to
their improvement and prosperity ;
And whereas the Dominican Government has now effected a conditional ad-
justment and settlement of said debts and claims under which all its foreign
creditors have agreed to accept about $12,407,000 for debts and claims amount-
ing to about $21,184,000 of nominal or face value, and the holders of internal
debts or claims of about $2,028,258 nominal or face value have agreed to accept
about $645,827 therefor, and the remaining holders of internal debts or claims
on the same basis as the assents already given will receive about $2,400,000
therefor, which sum the Dominican (government has fixed and determined as
the amount which It will pay to such remaining Internal debt holders ; making
the total payments under such adjustment and settlement, including interest as
adjusted and claims not yet liquidated, amount to not more than about
$17,000,000.
And whereas a part of such plan of settlement is the issue and sale of bonds
of the Dominican Republic to the amount of $20,000;000 bearing five per cent
interest payable in fifty years and redeemable after ten years at 102i and re-
quiring payment of at least one per cent per annum for amortization, the pro-
ceeds of said bonds, together with such funds as are now deposited for the
27
28 BEPORT OP CHIEP OP BUREAU OP INSULAR APPAIRS.
benefit of creditors from customs revenues of the Dominican Republic hereto-
fore received, after payment of the expenses of such adjustment, to be applied
first to the payment of said debts and claims as adjusted and second out of the
balance remaining to the retirement and extinction of certain concessions and
harbor monopolies which are a burden and hindrance to the commerce of the
country and third the entire balance still remaining to the construction of cer-
tain railroads and bridges and other public improvements necessary to the
Industrial development of the country;
And whereas the whole of said plan is conditioned and dependent upon
the assistance of the United States in the collection of customs revenues of the
Dominican Republic and the application thereof so far as necessary to the
Interest upon and the amortization and redemption of said bonds, and the
Dominican Republic has requested the United States to give and the United
States is willing to give such assistance:
The Dominican Government, represented by its Minister of State for
Foreign Relations, Emiliano Tejera, and its Minister of State for Finance
and Commerce, Federico Velasquez H., and the United States Government,
represented by Thomas C. Dawson, Minister Resident and Consul General
of the United States to the Dominican Republic, have agreed :
I. That the Pi-esident of the United States shall appoint, a General Receiver
of Dominican Customs, who, with such Assistant Receivers and other em-
ployees of the Receivership as shall be appointed by the President of the
United States in his discretion, shall collect all the customs duties accruing
at the several customs houses of the Dominican Republic until the payment
or retirement of any and all bonds issued by the Dominican Government in
accordance with the plan and under tlie limitations as to terms and amounts
hereinbefore recited; and said General Receiver shall apply the sums so
collected, as follows :
First, to paying the expenses of the receivership; second, to the payment
of interest upon said bonds; third, to the payment of the annual sums pro-
vided for amortization of said bonds including interest upon all bonds held in
sinking fund; fourth, to the purchase and cancellation or the retirement and
cancellation pursuant to the terms thereof of any of said bonds as may be
directed by the Dominican Government; fifth, the remainder to be paid to the
Domlncan Government.
The method of distributing the current collections of revenue in order to
accomplish the application thereof as hereinbefore provided shall be as
follows :
The expenses of the receivership shall be paid by the Receiver as they
arise. The allowances to the General Receiver and his assistants for the
expenses of collecting the revenues shall not exceed five per cent unless by
agreement between the two Governments.'
On the first day of each calendar month the sum of $100,000 shall be paid
over by the Receiver to the Fiscal Agent of the loan, and the remaining col-
lection of the last preceding month shall be paid over to the Dominican
Government, or applied to the sinking fund for the purchase or redemption
of bonds, as the Dominican Government shall direct.
Provided, that in case the customs revenues collected by the General
Receiver shall in any year exceed the sum of $3,000,000, one half of the
surplus above such sum of $3,000,000 shall be applied to the sinking fund for
the redemption of bonds.
II. The Dominican Government will provide by law for the payment of all
customs duties to the General Receiver and his assistants, and will give to
them all needful aid and assistance and full protection to the extent of its
powers. The Government of the United States will give to the General Re-
ceiver and his assistants such protection as it may find to be requisite for the
performance of their duties.
III. Until the Dominican Republic has paid the whole amount of the bonds
of the debt its public debt shall not be increased except by previous agreement
between the Dominican Government and the United States. A like agreement
shall be necessary to modify the import duties, it being an indispensable con-
dition for the modification of such duties that the Dominican Executive demon-
strate and that the President of the United States recognize that, on the basis of
exportations and importations to the like amoimt and the like character during
the two years preceding that in which it Is desired to make such modification,
the total net customs receipts would at such altered rates of duties have been
for each of such two years In excess of the sum of $2,000,000 United States gold.
BBPORT OP OHIBP OP BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS. 29
IV. The accounts of the GJeneral Receiver shall be rendered monthly to the
Contaduria General of the Dominican Republic and to the State Department
of the United States and shall be subject to examination and verification by
the appropriate ofilcers of the Dominican and the United States Governments.
v. This agreement shall take effect after its approval by the Senate of the
United States and the Congress of the Dominican Republic.
Done in four originals, two being in the English. language, and two in the
Spanish, and the representatives of the high contracting parties signing them
in the City of Santo Domingo this 8th day of February, in the year of our Lord
1907.
•Thomas O Dawson
Emiliano Tejera
• Fedebico Velazquez H.
And whereas the said convention has been duly ratified on both parts, and
the ratifications of the two governments were exchanged in the City of Wash-
ington, on the eighth day of July, one thousand nine hundred seven ;
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the
United States of Americff, have caused the said convention to be made public,
to the end that the same and every article and clause thereof may be observed
and fulfilled with good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of
the United States of America to be affixed.
Done at the City of Washington, this 25th day of July in the year of our
Lord one thousand nine hundred and seven, and of the Independence of the
United States of America the one hundred and thirty-second.
[seal.] Theodore Roosevelt
By the President :
Robert Bacon
Acting Secretary of State,
Appendix 4.
JBXEOUTIVE ORDER,]
• The White House,
Washington, July 25, 1907.
Whereas, the Conyention concladed on the 8th of February, 1907, between
the United States of America and the Dominican Republic has been duly
signed and ratified by the governments of said countries, the following regu-
lations are hereby promulgated for the government of the customs receivership
established thereunder:
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DOMINICAN CUSTOMS RE-
CEIVERSHIP UNDER AND IN PURSUANCE OF THE CONVENTION OF FEBRUARY 8tH,
1907, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBUC.
1. In accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of the Convention, the
accounts of the General Receiver i^all be rendered to the Contaduria General
of the Dominican Republic, and to the State Department of the United States,
and referred for examination and verification to the Bureau of Insular Affairs,
which shall have immediate supervision and control of the receivership, pursu-
ant and subject to such directions in regard thereto as shall be received from
the President directly or through the Secretary of State.
2. The President of the United States will appoint and fix the salaries of the
General Receiver of Dominican Customs, of the Deputy General Receiver of
Dominican Customs, as well as of all other customs employees under the re-
ceivership. In cases of emergency, provisional appointments and removals for
cause may be made in the discretion of the General Receiver, subject to the
approval of the President of the United States.
3. The accountable bonds to be required by the receivership, except as herein
otherwise provided, shall be fixed by the General Receiver, subject to the
approval of the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs.
4. Under the Bureau of Insular Affairs, the General Receiver shall have full
charge and control of the Dominican customs receivership within the scope of
the Convention of February 8, 1907, between the United States of America and
Dominican Republic, and shall enforce and comply with the provisions thereof.
He shall give bond in such form and amount as may be determined by the Chief
of said Bureau.
5. The Deputy General Receiver shall assist the General Receiver In the per-
formance of his duties and In matters pertaining to the receivership, In such
manner as the General Receiver shall direct, and In the absence or disability of
the latter, the Deputy General Receiver, shall perform the duties of the Gen-
eral Receiver, and assume, without formal transfer, the corresponding accounta-
bility. The Deputy General Receiver shall give bond under the same conditions
as the General Receiver.
6. The General Receiver shall pay all necessary and authorized expenses of
the receivership as they arise, within the limitations of the Convention. The
allowance not exceeding five per cent "for the expense of collecting the reve-
nues,** under Article I of the Convention, shall be considered as available only
for the payment of the customs expense of the central office of the receivership,
its special customs agents and the several customs houses of the Republic as
authorized by the said General Receiver or other proper authority of the
United States Government.
7. All of the expenditures and dif^bursements of funds handled by the Re-
ceivership shall be covered by complete vouchers in duplicate; one copy of
each such voucher shall be retained as a imrt of the permanent files of the
central office of the receivership, and the other transmitted to the Dominican
Government, together with the corresponding accountable returns.
SO
, EBPOBT OF CHIEF OF BUREAU OF INSULAB AFFAIRS. 31
8. All books, records, and accounts of the receivership shall be kept available
and accessible for examination, inspection and audit at any time, by officers
designated for that purpose, in accordance with the Oonvention, by either the
Dominican or the United States Government. Such books, records and accounts
shall constitute permanent archives of the central office of the receivership,
and shall not be removed therefrom.
9. The General Receiver, or in his absence, the Deputy General Receiver,
shall submit the following reports to the Bureau of Insular Affairs, and to the
Dominican Government:
I. On the first of each month, or as soon thereafter as practicable, the Ao-
countable Returns covering all transactions of the receivership during the pre-
ceding month.
II. On the first of each month, or as soon thereafter as practicable, a coa-
solidated report of the receipts and expenditures of the Dominican customs
service during the preceding month, accompanied by the corresponding state-
ment for each entry port of the Republic separately.
III. For the six months ending June SOth and December 31st of each year,
and as soon as practicable after those dates, statistical reports of the commerce
of the Republic.
IV. At the end of each fiscal year of the receivership, starting from the date
upon which the operations of the receivership begin under the Ck)nvent|on, and
as soon thereafter as practicable, a general report of all transactions of the
receivership during each such year, together with such collateral data and re-
marks as may be deemed pertinent thereto.
10. The General Receiver shall prepare and promulgate from time to time
such additional regulations as he may deem necessary for the proper conduct
of the service under his direction. Ck>pies of all such regulations and formal
orders issued, shall be transmitted, as soon as practicable after their issuance
to the Bureau of Insular Affairs, and sliall be subject to the approval of the
Chief of that Bureau.
11. When deemed necessary, and at least once in each fiscal year, a personal
Inspection and examination of all accounts and records of the Receivership
shall be made in Santo Domingo by a representative of the Bureau of Insular
Affairs, who shall file with said Bureau a full report of his findings for such
action as may be required.
12. From and after August 1, 1907, upon which date these regulations shall
become effective, and until such time as the provisions of the Convention,
through the completion of the corresponding financial arrangement, become
fully operative, the Goieral Receiver shall, in his own name as such General
Receiver, in a new account, continue to make the same disposition of the funds
received by him as heretofore.
Thbodobe Roosevelt
REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION
TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR.
11024— WAR 11)07— VOL 7 3 33
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION
TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR,
Manila, Decemher 31^ 1907.
Sir: The Philippine Commission has the honor to submit its
eighth annual report, covering the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907.
Ordinarily this report will not deal with matters which fall under
the special jurisdiction of the executive departments of the govern-
ment.
The report of the governor-general covers in condensed form all
matters relating to the civil service, the auditing of the accounts of
the government, the administration of the city of Manila, and the
operations of provincial and municipal governments. Detailed in-
formation as to these matters will be found in the reports of the
bureaus concerned.
Matters relating to public lands, public health and sanitation, non-
Christian tribes, agriculture, forestry, meteorological conditions, and
scientific investigation of all kinds will be found in the report of the
secretary of the interior and in detailed form in the reports of the
director of lands, the director of health, the director of agriculture,
the director of forestry, the director of the weather bureau, and the
director of the bureau of science.
Information as to public works, the operations of the coast guard
boats and their relations to the coastwise trade, the work of the con-
stabulary, the postal service, and the coast and geodetic survey work
accomplished is embodied in the report of the secretary of commerce
and police. The reports of the director of public works, the director
of navigation, the director of constabulary, the director of posts, and
the director of coast surveys deal with these matters very fully, and
for detailed information reference should be had to such reports.
The report of the secretary of finance and justice contains in con-
densed form information as to the finances of the government, in-
ternal-revenue and customs receipts, the operations of internal-reve-
nue and customs laws, the work of the judiciary, and the adminis-
NoTE. — All appendixes and exhibltB mentioned herein have been omitted
from this advance reiwrt and will be printed in the full report to follow shortly.
86 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
tration of justice. Information on these subjects is very fully set
out in the reports of the insular treasurer, the insular auditor, the
collector of internal revenue, the insular collector of customs, and
the attorney-general.
The report of the secretary of public instruction covers the subject
of public schools, the administration of prisons, public printing, and
supplies purchased or furnished by the government. Detailed in-
formation as to any of the matters embodied in the report of the sec-
retary of public instruction may be found in the reports of the di-
rector of education, the director of prisons, the director of printing,
and the purchasing agent.
CHANGES IN THE COMMISSION.
On September 20, 1906, the resignation of the Hon. Henry Clay
Ide as governor-general became effective, and on that date the Hon.
James F. Smith was inaugurated as governor-general of the Philip-
pine Islands. The inauguration took place in the Marble Hall of
the Ayuntamiento, and was attended by the Commission, the justices
of the supreme court, the official representatives of foreign nations,
officers representing the United States Army and Navy, judges of
the court of first instance, provincial governors, administrative offi-
cials of the insular government and of the city of Manila, repre-
sentatives of the several commercial and economic associations of
the city, the veteran army of the Philippines, and a large representa-
tion of the general public.
The Hon. W. Morgan Shuster, formerly insular collector of cus-
toms, was appointed secretary of public instruction on September 28,
.1906, vice the Hon. James F. Smith, appointed governor-general.
Vacancies in the position of vice-governor and of secl*ctary of
finance and justice haye not as yet been filled.
CONDITIONS AS TO PEACE AND ORDER.
In the months of April, May, and July of last year, as appears
from the Commission's report for the fiscal year 1906, the outlaws
Montalon, Sakay, Villafuerte, and De Vega surrendered to the au-
thorities, and with their surrender the brigandage which had existed
for some years in the provinces of Cavite, Batangas, La Laguna, and
Rizal terminated. The four outlaws in question were found guilty
and sentenced to death by the court of first instance of the sixth judi-
cial district. The sentences so imposed were subsequently confirmed
by the supreme court. Petitions for commutation of sentence were
presented and commutation was granted in the cases of Montalon
and Villafuerte and denied in the cases of Sakay and De Vega. The
following order of the governor-general sets forth the reasons for the
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 87
granting of the commutation to Montalon and Villafuerte and for its
denial to Sakay and De Vega :
Offic?e op the Govebnob-Genebal of the Philippine Islands,
Manila, September 12, 1907.
On the 22d of August, 1906, Macarlo Sakay, Julian Montalon, Leon Villa-
fuerte, and Lucio de Vega were accused of the crime of bandolerismo in the
court of first instance of the sixth Judicial district by the provincial fiscal of
the province of Cavite. The accused, on their arraignment, pleaded "not
guilty," but subsequently during the trial, and after some 20 witnesses for the
prosecution had been examined, they withdrew this plea and entered a plea of
"guilty." The court, taking into consideration the evidence adduced and the
plea of " guilty," found the defendants guilty as charged and pronounced upon
them the sentence of death. From the judgment and sentence the accused
appealed to the supreme court of the islands, which, on the 6th day of August,
1907, confirmed the judgment from which the appeal was taken and directed
that the record be remitted to the lower court in order that its sentence might
be carried into effect. The record having been duly remitted as required, the
judge of first instance of the sixth judicial district, of which the province of
Cavite forms a part, ordered that the sentence duly pronounced by said court
of first instance and duly confirmed by the supreme court, as aforesaid, be
carried into effect at Bilibld prison on Friday, the 13th of September, 1907,
at 9 o'clock a. m.
From investigations made by the undersigned and from the record of the
trial and appellate courts it appears that Macarlo Sakay in 1902 attempted a
reorganization of the Katlptinan Society for the purpose of bringing about a
renewal of disturbances of the public order, and that upon discovery of his
ulterior purposes he was tried and convicted of the crime of sedition. Happily
for him he fell within the terms of the amnesty extended by the President of
the United States to all those engaged In attempting the overthrow of the exist-
ing sovereignty, and upon taking the oath of allegiance to the United States
he was set at liberty. Far from appreciating the grace and mercy of which
he was the recipient, Sakay almost Immediately set himself to work to foment
new disorders and new disturbances which he must have known could result
only In misery and ruin to his own people and to his own race. Hearing that
information of his activities had reached the ears of the constituted author-
ities, Sakay fled to the mountains and there, gathering about him a small
band of outlaws, criminals, and Irresponslbles, established what he was pleased
to call a government and made himself its ofllclal head under the high-sounding
title of ** Supreme president of the Tagalog Isles."
At this time Cornelio Felizardo, Julian Montalon, and Lucio de Vega, crim-
inals from boyhood, who never did an honest day's work in all their lives, and
who gained a livelihood by robbing, pillaging, and many times by murdering
X)eople of their own race, were operating with others of like character in and
about the provinces of Cavite, Batangas, and Laguna. These men were emi-
nently fitted for all the purposes of Sakay, so he erected the band of outlaws
and assassins commanded by them Into a so-called army and put the seal of
his approval on all that they were and on all that they had done by the simple
process of converting the title of " Robber chief " Into that of " General."
Montalon seems to have received the highest rank, but his chieftainship appears
to have been merely nominal and to have been recognized only when his views
accorded with those of his more powerful subordinates. Sakay and his evil
followers assumed the convenient cloak of patriotism, and under the titles of
" Defenders of the country " and " Protectors of the people " proceeded to
inaugurate a reign of terror, devastation, and ruin In three of the most beautiful
88 HEPOBT OF THE PHIIilPPINE COMMISSION.
provinces in the arcliipelago. They drove the peaceful inhabitants from
their homes and their fields, stole their horses and carabaos, outraged their
women, and murdered or horribly mutilated all those who opposed them or
were suspected of giving information of their crimes to the authorities.
As self-styled " patriots," " defenders of the country," and " protectors of the
people" they killed a constabulary private on duty with a peaceful surveying
party, hung Lorenzo Amigo, a resident of the barrio of Galoocan, municipality
of Talisay ; brutally cut the tendons of the hands and feet of Natalio Anitares
and Candido del Mundo and then slew them, slashed to death Tomas Panuelpa
and his brother, shot Benigno Martin and Teniente Juan, of Bacoor; hung
Melicio Alcantara and Alejandro de Jesus, poured petroleum over Patriarco N.
and burned him to death, hamstrung and cut off the lips of Bias Cabrera, a
resident of Calaca; cut off the upper lip and severed the tendons of the right
foot of Martin Piol, of Taal ; hamstrung Vicente Castillo and Isidoro Camauiac,
of San Francisco de Malabon ; mutilated and crippled for life Simeon de Quiros
and Calixto Rollo, hamstrung German Oliveros, sequestrated and hamstrung
Nesario Crisostomo, of Boso Boso; severed the tendons of the hands and feet
and cut off the tongue and lips of Anacleto Mojica, captured two female ser-
vants in San Francisco de Malabon and repeatedly outraged them on their way
to the mountains, carried off and outraged Rosa M., of a barrio of Tanauan, and
while resisting her rescue wounded Sergeant Gonzales and killed Policeman
Francisco Guevara ; seized the father of Justa M., of Bacoor, and under threats
of death obliged him to withdraw his 13-year-old daughter from a convent in
Manila and to deliver her to the brutal embraces of Cornel io Felizardo, and
finally, to demonstrate that no horror was too great to make them hesitate at
any crime, they carried away the wife and two baby children of General Trias,
whose love of country had been tested on many a well-fought field of honorable
conflict, and in the depth of mountains submitted this gentlewoman of their
own race to mistreatment worthy only of brutes and savages.
It has been stated that Marcario Sakay had no knowledge of the horrible
crimes committed by his " generals " and " colonels " and " captains," and that
while legally responsible for all that they did, his want of actual knowledge
might justify the exercise of executive clemency in his behalf. But, unfortu-
nately for Sakay, the record is against him and discloses that, far from disap-
proving the acts of his subordinates, he himself authorized many of their
offenses and set for them the very bad example of cruelty and crime. It was
his personal band which hamstrung Nasarlo Crtsostomo and murdered Tomas
Panuelpa and his brother. He it was who ordered that male prisoners should
take the oath of enlistment and directed that the list should be i)ermltted to
fall into th^ hands of the authorities in order that those thus unwillingly en-
listed might be punished for sedition. He it was who ordered Major Ramos
and "Captain" Franca to cut the tendons and crush the hands of Francisco
Rosalfa and Faustino Custodlo in the presence of their wives. He it was who
ordered the sacking of the pueblo of Teresa, inhabited solely by people of his
own race, who commanded that Councilor Maximo Gravlllas and his compan-
ions should be hamstrung and their hands crushed, and who directed that the
town should be burned and its inhabitants treated without pity in case they
dared to resist.
This is the honor roll of battles waged In Rlzal, Laguna, Cavlte, and Ba tan-
gas for the country and its peoples by Sakay, Felizardo, Mon talon, de Vega,
and similar self-styled "patriots." The list includes only those deeds of arms
which might be proved by competent evidence in a court of law. It does not
include, however, the hundreds of cases of rape and outrage the victims of which
kept their shame to themselves and contented themselves with the bare state-
ment tliat they had been carried away to the mountains by evil doer& Neither
BBPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 89
does it include the liuudrods iiix)n hundreds of cases of theft, house burning,
and robbery which, compared with the other oflTenses of these men, might be
almost disregarded.
Petitions have been presented by the prisoners, members of their families,
and many citizens of Manila praying that the sentence pronounced by the courts
be modified and that the death penalty be commuted to life imprisonment In
consequence the duty now devolves upon the executive to determine whether
the law should be permitted to take its course as prescrit)ed by the Judicial
tribunals or whether executive clemency should be extended in any or all of the
cases as prayed for in the petitions presented.
One of the grounds for executive clemency urged by the petitions is that the
surrender of the condemned prisoners was accomplished by promises of Im-
munity, or at least by promises that the pardoning power would be exercised
in their behalf should the courts finally pronounce on them the ultimate penalty.
If any such promise was made by the government or even by any official of
the government clothed with apparent authority to make It, the executive should
Intervene and commute the extreme penalty' imposed upon the prisoners to some
lighter punishment. The government as such certainly never made any such
promise as that indicated in the petitions, and a careful, painstaking investi-
gation discloses that no official of the government, whether clothed with appar-
ent authority or not, made or suggested any promise of immunity to the pris-
oners or anyone else in case of surrender, or made or suggested to the prisoners
or anyone else any conditions of surrender whatever save and except that those
who surrendered would receive a fair and impartial trial before the courts and
would not be summarily dealt with. Far from making any promises of im-
munity or proposing any terms of surrender, the government officials who had
anything to do with the surrender seem to have taken every precaution to avoid
any misunderstanding In that behalf. Indeed, before any arrest of the pris-
oners was made the Intermediary who dealt with the prisoners, and who was
the first to come In contact with them, was warned in writing that no terms
or conditions conld be offered or accepted beyond those of good treatment and
a fair trial, as the following correspondence will show :
[Translation.]
July 2, 1906.
Dr. DoMiNADOB Gomez,
Calle Diaz 2^2, Trozo, Manila.
My Dear Sir : In order that there may be no misunderstanding or mistake I
wani you that the government can not offer to negotiate with or talk of condi-
tions to any chief or band of bandits, ladrones, or robbers or other class of evil-
doers notwithstanding that they may call themselves insurgents or revolu-
tionaries. The only condition which the government can offer Is good treatment
and a just Judgment by the civil courts. It is necessary that you explain all
this to the persons to whom you speak In order that there may be a perfect
understanding and that they can not say that the government has broken Its
word.
Very respectfully, H. H.* Bandholtz,
District Director.
To which letter tlie following reply was made :
[Translation.]
Manila, P. I., July S, 1906.
Col. H. H. Bandholtz,
Director, First Constabulary District, Manila, P. I.
Mt Dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter dated
the 2d of July, 1906, in which you tell me that no kind of conditions must be
40 BEPOBT OF THB PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
offered to any outlaw, chief, or band desiring to surrender, and that the surren-
der of such persons mnst be absolutely unconditional. I am in every way in
accord with the warnings contained in your letter, and must state that in con-
formity with the verbal instructions received from you prior to the surrender of
Villafuerte, Sakay, and Oarreon I have neither proposed nor accepted any con-
dition or compromise either on their part or on the part of the government to
secure their surrender, and that in consequence such surrender has been abso-
lutely unconditional.
Very respectfully, Dominadob Gomez.
Notwithstanding all these precautions, hefore the arrest of Sakay, Montalon,
Villafuerte, and de Vega some currency was given in the public press to rumors
that the surrender had been accomplished by promises of immunity. la view of
this the statement, under oath, of the parties Interested was taken. The state-
ment is as follows:
BuBEAU OF Const ABTn^ART, Infobmation Division,
Office of the Supebintendent,
Manila* P. I.
Philippine Islands,
Cavite Province^ Luzon, $8:
Personally appeared before me, the undersigned, Mncarlo Sakay, Julian Mon-
talon, Leon Villafuerte, Lucio de Vega, and Benito Natlvidad, who, being duly
sworn according to law, deposed as follows :
That they have surrendered to Ck)I. H. d. Bandholtz, of the constabulary,
voluntarily and without promises, conditions, or offers of any class having been
made except Just and legal treatment, and understanding that they are to ap-
pear before the competent court there to answer for the acts committed by them
while in the field ; that the actual reasons for their surrender have been that the
persons who have arranged same have convinced them that their stay in the
field was prejudicial to the interests of the country, whereas their surrender
would be a great benefit ; that this statement is free and spontaneous, without
their being prisoners or in detention, and without any kind of imprisonment or
violence, and for the sole purpose that there may be no doubts or misinterpre-
tations in regard to the motives that may have inspired this act.
Macario Sakay.
Julian Montalon (his x mark).
L. D. Villafuerte.
Lucio de V^a.
Benito Natlvidad.
Witnesses :
L. J. Van Schaigk,
Governor of Cavite,
DoiiiDOB Gomez.
Chables F. Hebb,
First Lieutenant, Twenty-first Infantry,
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 17th day of July, 1906.
SULPICIO Antont,
Acting Provincial Secretary, Cavite,
WiNFIELD S. GbOVE.
Rafael Cbame.
I certify that the signatures of the atK)ve two witnesses to the signature of
Julian Montalon, made at his request, are correct, and therefore I sign this in
Cavite this 17th day of July, 1906.
SULPICIO Antoni,
Acting Provincial Secretary, Cavite,
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 41
I CBTtity that this is a true copy of a translation of this affidavit appearing
in tlie Cablenews of July 21, 1906.
Rafael Cbame,
Major and Superintendent.
From all this it wonld seem that the executive is Justified in concluding that
no terms or conditions were proposed or accepted by the government or any of
its officers, and that the surrender was unconditional with the exceptions men-
tioned. The government, through its trusted officials, took every precaution to
avoid any mistake or misunderstanding in the matter, and to assume that any
promises of immunity were made on the part of the government or its officials
would be in the face of direct and indubitable evidence to the contrary.
Indeed, as is shown by their affidavit, those most interested in the matter
denied under oath, at the time when they were not driven to the last expedient,
that any promises had been made to them by anyone.
Once resolved in the negative the question as to whether any promises of
immunity or of leniency as to penalty were made, there is not the slightest
ground for executive interference with the sentence imposed by the courts on
Macario Sakay and Lucio de Vega. Many of their subordinates and followers
have already suffered the last penalty for crimes committed under their orders
and' by their direction, and to make them the objects of clemency would
necessitate a discrimination in their favor which could neither be justified nor
defended. The petitions for commutations of their sentences are therefore
denied.
With reference to Julian Mon talon It may be said with truth that he was
the least bloodthirsty and cruel of all the bandit chieftains who cursed the
provinces of Batangas and Cavite. Confirmed criminal as he was, some of
the milk of human kindness yet lingered with him, and when Mrs. Trias and
her little babies had been carried into the mountains by a monster dead to
every human sentiment he strove by every means in his power to save her
from indignity and to accomplish her release. That she was released was due
to his efforts and those of CJosme Caro, whose mother was Induced by him to
intervene on behalf of her unfortunate countrywoman. This act of mercy on
the part of Julian Montalon shall count for something in his hoar of extremity
and weigh the balance in his fkvor when nothing else could save him. The
death penalty imposed upon him by the court of first Instance of the sixth
judicial district, and confirmed by the supreme court of the Philippine Islands,
is hereby commuted to life imprisonment in Bllibld prison, and he will be
confined accordingly.
Leon Villafuerte is a young man, 25 years of age, and prior to taking to the
mountains as an outlaw he was a student in the Nautical School of Manila.
It seems entirely probable that due to the talk of irresponsible agitators this
young man was carried away by a false conception of duty to his country and
that the cloak of patriotism was not assumed by him to give an outward ap-
pearance of respectability to brigandage, robbery, and murder. No deeds of
cruelty, mutilation, rape, or outrage appear to have marked his criminal career,
and save the deaths resulting from open combat, no killings except that of
Mellcio de Silva, president of Bigaa, can be traced directly to his door. Mellclo
de Silva, it seems, was at once an official of the government and a member of
Vlllafuerte's band of outlaws. As president of Bigaa and outlaw spy of Vllla-
fnerte the opportunity for thieving with comparative security was great, and
de Silva set himself to the work of stealing carabaos on a large scale. This did
not meet the approval of Villafuerte, who called a halt and directed that the
42 EBPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
further theft of carabaos upon which the poor people depended for a living
should cease. To de Sllva this appeared an unwarranted Interference by an
outlaw with a legitimate business enterprise, and he called attention to the
fact that as president of the municipality It was his duty to denounce Villa-
-fuerte to the authorities. This attitude on the part of de Sllva resulted In his
elimination, which, while a clean-cut violation of the law, was not wholly desti-
tute of extenuating circumstances admissible for consideration on an applica-
tion for commutation. Moreover, Vlllafuerte, Impressed by the argument that
he was working a great Injury to his country and Its future, was the first to
come In, and thereafter he lent very valuable assistance in bringing about the
surrender of other outlaws In the mountains. Taking into account his youth
when he took his first mistaken step and the Impresslonableness which Induced
It, and considering that his criminal career Is not stained by the horrible crimes
committed by his companions, and that the killing of de Sllva was accomplished
under circumstances not showing a reckless and abandoned heart, the death
penalty Imposed upon Leon Vlllafuerte by the court of first Instance of the
sixth Judicial district, and confirmed by the supreme court of the Philippine
Islands, Is hereby commuted to life Imprisonment In B 11 ibid prison, and he will
be confined accordingly.
James F. Smith,
Oovemor-Oencral of the Philippine Islands.
After the insurrection had ended throughout the islands and its
I'esponsible chiefs had surrendered and submitted to the inevitable
many of the provinces were infested by outlaw bands which, under
the pretense of continuing the insurrection, gained a dishonest liveli-
hood by preying upon and plundering their fellow-countrymen.
Some of these bands were the natural result and aftermath >of the
insurrection. Many who, prior to 1898, had been engaged in humble
pursuits and had risen to rank in the insurrectionary forces found it
anything but agreeable to return to their former avocations, and
therefore continued in the field with small followings, enjoying com-
mand rather than service and unlawful luxury instead of honest
poverty.
Besides these outlaw bands, which were the creation and result of
the insurrection itself, there were several bands of outlaws which had
existed in the archipelago long before any insurrection was thought
of. Once the insurrection commenced, these bands nat'urally became
a part of it, and after it ended they continued the life to which they
were accustomed. The outlaws of Cavite were of the latter class, and
under the chieftainship of Felizardo, Montalon, and other minor
leaders they incited from time to time disturbances which kept Cavite
and the contiguous provinces in a state of ferment and unrest.
With the death of Felizardo and the surrender of Montalon,
Sakay, Vlllafuerte, and De Vega, Cavite, Batangas, La Laguna, and
Rizal returned to normal conditions, and during the past year it may
be said with entire truth that the four provinces in question have
been as tranquil and peaceful as any in the islands.
BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 48
In 1906 the pulahanes of Ijeyte raided the town of Burauen and
killed several of the municipal police. This, added to some minor
successes achieved immediately thereafter, started in the province a
disturbance of such serious proportions that it was necessary to call
upon the military to furnish substantial aid in suppressing it. To
many the word "pulahan" is synonymous with that of bandit or
robber. This designation of the people responsible for the outbreak
in Leyte is hardly proper. The pulahanes of Leyte and Samar can
hardly be called robbers or thieves* Indeed, as a rule the pulahan is
hard working, industrious, and not at all disposed to violence unless
impelled to it by long continued wrongs or by the potent influence of
religious fanaticism. All the trouble in Leyte and in Samar was due
in a large degree to injustices perpetrated upon the people living in
the mountains and at a considerable distance from the seashore. In
the towns where these people were compelled to sell their products
they received little or no consideration from municipal officials and
were not infrequently deprived of the products of months of toil by
cheats and swindles which not infrequently were winked at and some-
times even aided and abetted by municipal officials. Education and
just treatment will make out of the pulahan a good citizen. Under
proper guidance he will soon learn that there is a legal remedy for
injustice and that there is an easier and better way to obtain relief
than to take the law into his own hands after his wrongs have be-
come unendurable. The pulahan is the successor of the " diosdios "
in Samar, Leyte, Cebu, and Panay. He is the " babaylan " of Negros,
the " colorum " of Batangas and Tayabas, the " Santa Iglesia " of
Nueva Ecija and Bulacan, and the " guardia de honor " of Pangasi-
nan and the two Ilocos ; and in any of these provinces wrong or fan-
aticism or both may bring the trouble which wrought destruction to
life and property in Samar and Leyte. Christianity and civilization
have but lightly touched the pulahan and he is still the plaything of
the fetichism and weird superstitions which have been his inherit-
ance for centuries. If the discipline or any doctrine or ceremony of
the Christian faith appealed to him he adopted it, but uprooted
none of his ancient beliefs to give it place. Whatever of Christianity
he may have has substituted nothing ; it has simply been added to the
religion 'of his ancestors and made a part of it. He has little in
common with the Christian civilized Filipino, and to the latter the
uprising in Samar and Leyte was as much of a surprise as it was to
the authorities in Manila. The farms desolated, the houses burned,
the towns and barrios raided all belonged to civilized Christian
Filipinos, and it would be strange indeed if they had been the prime
movers in a disturbance which brought destruction to their business,
their property, and their homes.
44 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Since April of this year complete tranquillity has prevailed in
every part of the archipelago, inclusive of the Moro province. In 21
of the provinces peace has reigned supreme during the entire year.
In Bataan and Batangas there was some disturbance of the public
order, caused in the case of the first-named province by the escape of
some provincial prisoners, and in the second by the operations of six
or seven brigands near the boundary line of the provinces of La La-
guna and Tayabas. All of the escaped prisoners and all of the ban-
dits with the exception of two in each party have been captured. In
Capiz and Nueva Ecija cattle thieves and brigands caused some trou-
ble for a few months, and in Uocos Norte during the month of July,
1906, two prisoners who had just been released from Bilibid at-
tempted to organize an armed uprising, which was promptly discov-
ered and suppressed by the provincial governor with the aid of the
constabulary. The only outlaws of any importance who are still
uncaptured are Papa Otoy, the religious head of the pulahan move-
ment in Samar, and Felipe Salvador, the religious head of the Santa
Iglesia movement in Nueva Ecija and Bulacan. In Ambos Camar-
ines there is one outlaw who still remains uncaptured.
MATTERS AFFECTING PROVINCES AND MUNICIPALrnES.
Extension of autonomy to provincial governments, — ^Thc conven-
vention of provincial governors held in Manila in October, 1906, rec-
ommended that the then existing law providing that provincial boards
shall be composed of a provincial governor elected by the municipal
councilors and vice-presidents of the various municipalities of the
province and a provincial treasurer and a third member appointed
by the executive be so amended as to permit of the election of the
provincial governor and third member by direct vote of the people.
This recommendation was submitted to the Secretary of War, and on
receiving his approval thereof the provincial government act was
amended accordingly. This innovation in the constitution and selec-
tion of provincial boards has been an advantage both to the insular
and to the local government. On the one hand it has removed all
cause for friction between the provincial governor elected by the
people and the two members of the board named by the executive.
On the other it has imposed upon the provincial governor and the
third member the responsibility for the well-being of the province
and has removed from the insular government much of the responsi-
bility for conditions purely of local concern. Provincial governors
and third members realize that they are on trial to test their ability
to preserve peace and order within their respective jurisdictions and
to prove their capacity for local self-government. The advice of the
provincial treasurer as to the necessity for the collection of taxes,
BBFOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 45
as to economy in the expenditure of public moneys, and as to related
matters is now accepted with good grace, coming as it does by way
of counsel from the American minority instead of a determination
by an American majority of the board. Since the change in the
composition of the provincial board friction between the provincial
governor and the provincial treasurer has entirely disappeared, arid
so far as is known perfect harmony prevails between elective and
appointive provincial officials.
Land tax. — ^By the provisions of act No. 1713 the imposition or
suspension of the land tax has been left to the determination of pro-
vincial governments, and as a consequence the land tax, which has
always been a source of annoyance and agitation, has ceased to be a
matter of insular concern. The opinion prevailed among many
American and Filipino officials that the transfer of responsibility
for the land tax to provincial boards would result in the annual sus-
pension of the land tax in all of the provinces. So far as known 'the
land tax has been suspended in but two provinces, Iloilo arid Cebu,
and it would seem that at least for the calendar year 1908 the prog-
nostications of a general suspension have not been justified by the
event. It is probable that a bill will be introduced in the assembly
by the delegates from Ambos Camarines and Batangas for the sus-
pension of the land tax in the provinces which they represent. The
present attitude toward the land tax on the part of the provincial
governments composed of two Filipinos and one American is rather
surprising to those who year in and year out have been accustomed to
receive from provincial boards petitions supplicating that the land
tax be abolished or at all events suspended until the agricultural
conditions of the country had improved. Nevertheless the change
of front was the natural consequence of vesting the boards with the
power to suspend the tax and the natural outcome of transferring to
them all responsibility for the results. So long as provinces and
municipalities could secure sufficient financial aid from the insular
government to pay salaries and secure necessary betterments it was
quite natural that they should be opposed to taxation; but when sus-
pension of the land tax meant a loss of provincial income which
could not be repaired by loan or gift from the insular government,
provincial officials were confronted with the stern proposition that
governments, like individuals, require money to live, and were face
to face with the disagreeable alternative either of confessing that
they could not maintain local governments or of admitting that taxes
were a necessary evil. The people begin to understand that the land
lax was not imposed for the benefit of the insular government, but
for the construction of provincial roads, the maintenance of primary
schools, and the support of their own local governments. The land
46 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
tax may have been and may still be impopular, but it is fair to pre-
smne that before municipal and provincial governments ask for its
suspension or abolition they will be prepared to suggest some other
system of taxation to sustain the local governments, the failure or suc-
cess of which will largely determine the capacity of the people to
exercise the autonomy already conceded.
Internal revenue. — Under the provisions of act No. 1695 an addi-
tional 5 per cent of the internal revenue was allowed to municipali-
ties for school purposes, and an additional 10 per cent of the internal
revenue accruing to the insular treasury was conceded to those
provinces authorizing a 1-peso increase of the cedula tax for the
benefit of the road and bridge fund. Twenty-seven of the provinces
promptly adopted the double cedula tax, and as a result the road and
bridge fund in five-sixths of the provinces and the moneys available
for the repair of much needed roads and bridges will be very greatly
inci'eased during the calendar year 1908.
Municipal betterments and improvements. — Five years of munici-
pal government showed to a conclusion that nearly 50 per cent of the
provinces were disposed to spend the greater part of the municipal
moneys on salaries and wages and little or nothing on public works
of any kind or character. During the calendar year 1906, 88 out of
685 municipalities expended their entire revenues for -salaries and not
a single cent on betterments. Sixty-three municipalities expended
on public inlprovements less than 1 per cent and 163 less than 10 per
cent of their income.
Argao, a mimicipality of the first class, province of Cebu, with a
population of 35,448, received into its treasury ^12,962.60 during the
calendar year 1906 and expended for construction, repairs, and im-
provements the munificent sum of ^01.62. The salaries of its offi-
cials, police, and employees amounted to the sum of more than ^,600.
Bauan, a municipality of the first class, province of Batangas, with
a population of 39,094, received during the calendar year 1906
!?^2,032.10 and expended on construction, repairs, and improvements
the sum of P506.26 and on salaries, wages, and miscellaneous more
than ^=11,000.
Barotac Nuevo, a municipality of the second class, province of
Iloilo, with a population of 22,332, had to its credit in the treasury
during the calendar year 1906 ^10,106.35, of which sum it expended
^188.26 on construction, repairs, and improvements, and more than
^8,000 in salaries.
Angat, a municipality of the third class, province of Bulacan, with
a population of 12,092, received into its treasury during the calendar
year 1906 ^6,188.01 and expended on construction, repairs, and im-
provements P=l 12.45 and on salaries of officials, employees, and police
more than ^=4,400.
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINfi COMMISSION. 47
Murcia, a municipality of the fourth class, province of Occidental
Negros, with a population of 4,408, and with money to its credit m
the treasury to the extent of ^3,281.41, expended on public improve-
ments ^9.05 and on salaries and wages more than f^,700.
It will be noted from this that a municipality of the fourth class
with an income of ^^,281.41 spent on public improvements and better-
ments about ^100; that Angat, a municipality of the third class, with
money to its credit amounting to ^=6,188.01, spent on improvements
^112.45; that Barotac Nuevo, a municipality of the second class, with
money to its credit amounting to ^10,106.35, spent on public improve-
ments W88.26, and that Bauan, a municipality of the first class, with
an income of ^2,092.10, spent ^506.26 on public works. These are
municipalities selected almost at random from the various classes,
and the figures show to a demonstration that, whatever may be the
income of the municipality, the disposition is to spend the money on
salaries.
In view of this lamentable condition of affairs the Commission was
forced to put a limit on the amount that could be expended for
salaries, and that limit was fixed at 50 per cent for municipalities
of the first class, 60 per cent for municipalities of the second class, 65
per cent for municipalities of the third class, and 75 per cent for
municipalities of the fourth class. This law will force the expendi-
ture for betterments of something more than an insignificant part of
the municipal income and will enable the separation of many munici-
palities which, in the interests of economy, were fused with others and
"have been completely abandoned by the municipalities to which they
are annexed. As a rule, the annexed municipalities have received
from the cabecera neither police protection, sanitation, or any other
benefit justifying the imposition and collection of taxes.
THE PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY.
CdU for a popular assembly. — On the 28th of March, 1907, the
Commission by resolution, unanimously adopted, certified to the
President that for two years following the publication of the census
of the islands a condition of general and complete peace had pre-
vailed and then existed in the territory of the islands not inhabited
by Moros or other non-Christian tribes. The certificate is as
follows :
Whereas the census of the Philippine Islands was completed and published
on the twenty-seventh day of March, nineteen hundred and five, which said
completion and publication of said census was, on the twenty-eighth day of
March, nineteen hundred and five, duly published and proclaimed to the people
by the governor-general of the Philii)pine Islands with the announcement that
the President of the United States would direct the Philippine Commission to
48 BEPOBT OF THE PHrLIPPINB COMMISSION.
call a general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly, pro-
vided that a condition of general and complete peace with recognition of the
authority of the United States should be certified by the Philippine Commission
to have continued in the territory of the Philippine Islands for a period of two
years after said completion and publication of said census ; and
Whereas since the completion and publication of said census there have
been no serious disturbances of the public order save and except those caused
by the noted outlaws and bandit chieftains, Felizardo and Montalon, and their
followers In the provinces of Gavlte and Batangas, and those caused in the
provinces of Samar and Leyte by* the non-Christian and fanatical pulahanes
resident in the mountain districts of the said provinces and the barrios con-
tiguous thereto; and
Whereas the overwhelming majority of the people of said provinces of
Cavlte, Batangas, Samar, and Leyte have not taken part in said disturbances
and have not aided or abetted the lawless acts of said bandits and pulahanes;
and
Whereas the great mass and body of the Filipino people have, during said
period of two years, continued to be lawabiding, peaceful, and loyal to the
United States, and have continued to recognize and do now recognize the
authority and sovereignty of the United States in the territory of said Philip-
pine Islands: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved hy the Philippine Commission in formal session duly <issemhled.
That it, said Philippine Commission, do certify, and it does hereby certify, to
the President of the United States that for a period of two years after the
completion and publication of the census a condition of general and complete
peace, with recognition of the authority of the United States, has continued to
exist and now exists in the territory of said Philippine Islands not inhabited
by Moros or other non-Christian tribes ; and, be it further
Resolved hy said Philippine Commission^ That the President of the United
States be requested, and is hereby requested, to direct said Philippine Commis-
sion to call ft general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly
of the people of said territory in the Philippine Islands, which assembly shall
to be known as the " Philippine assembly.*'
By virtue of this certificate and in accordance with the provisions
of the act of Congress of July 1, 1902, the President, on March 28,
issued a proclamation directing the Philippine Commission to call a
general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly.
Accordingly on the 30th of March, 1907, the Commission passed a
resolution ordering that an election be held for delegates on July 30,
and directing the governor-general to issue a proclamation announc-
ing the election for that date. The proclamation was issued on
April 1. By a strange coincidence the day of the month fixed for
holding the election was the same as that on which the first legislative
body in America, the house of burgesses, met in the year 1619.
Under the general election law the delegates to the assembly elected
at the elections held on July 30, 1907, and seated by the Philippine
assembly will serve until January 1, 1910. Subsequent elections for
delegates will be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in
REPORT OF THE PHIIilPPINE COMMISSION. 49
November, 1909, and on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in
November in each odd-numbered year thereafter, delegates to take
office on the 1st day of January next following their election and to
hold office for two years or until their successors are elected and
qualified.
Representation in the aasemhly. — ^The basis of representation in the
Philippine assembly is one delegate for every 90,000 of population
and one additional delegate for a major fraction thereof: Provided^
however^ That each Christian province shall be entitled to at least one
delegate and that the total number. of delegates shall at no time ex-
ceed 100. Provinces entitled to more than one delegate are divided
into districts. The law declares Manila to be a province within the
meaning of the act of Congress authorizing the assembly, and is al-
lowed the same representation as other provinces. Thirty-four prov-
inces are represented in the Philippine assembly, which is composed
of 80 members.
Qualifications of delegates. — ^The act of Congress requires that dele-
gates to the assembly sh^ll be qualified electors of the election 4istrict
in which they may be chosen, 25 years of age, and owing allegiance to
the United States. The act of Congress prescribes that the qualifica-
tions of electors shall be the same as those prescribed for electors in
municipal elections under laws in force at the time of the passage of
tJie Congressional enactment. As the municipal election laws in force
at the time of the passage of the act of Congress have undergone some
change in regard to the qualifications of electors, the strange anom-
aly is presented of having certain qualifications exacted from munic-
ipal and provincial officials which are not required for delegates to
the assembly. One of the results is that felons, victims of the opium
habit, and persons convicted in the court of first instance for
crimes involving moral turpitude but whose cases are pending on
appeal are not eligible for election to any provincial or municipal
office, but may become delegates to the assembly.
The first elections. — ^As announced by provincial governors the elec-
tions for assemblymen held on the 30th of July, 1907, resulted in the
election of 32 Nacionalistas, 4 Independistas, 7 Inmediatistas, 16 Pro-
gresistas, 20 Independents, and 1 Centro Catolico.
The total number of voters registered for the assembly elections
was 104, 966. The number of voters registered for the provincial and
municipal elections will be very much larger than that for the as-
sembly elections. The difference in registration and votes cast at the
two elections seems to show with considerable certainty that there was
far more interest in the elections for provincial and municipal officials
than there was in the election for assemblymen.
11024— WAB 1007— VOL 7 i
50
BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
The following table will show the result of the vote in the various
provinces entitled to representation in the assembly, the total vote
cast, and the vote cast by the various political parties :
Province.
OS
1
2,106
334
004
85'
1,415
ei
1
1
1
1
Catholic.
1
Philippine 1
Independent
Church.
1
55
58
47
U
55
76
""""58"
30
61
159
106
54
75
84
132
Total.
Aibay — . .
3.666
Anbofi Oa^TiArfn^
1,577
"Ijii"
2(4
1 - --
2.213
AntlQue
352
350
l,4rj5
1,594
048
72.5
2,600
1 " 1
1,006
Bataan — .
379
749
Batangas.
.
8.708
Bohol
"i:::::::::"!:::::::::::::::::"::
1,670
Bolacan
1.050
""iso"
2.680
3,068
747
1,610
"ilisi"
1,177
.
2.80B
2,217
1
137
4.842
Cavltel.
1
2,747
OebA-
445
8.602
Ilocos NorteL
1,421
2,005
1,773
549
705
1,284
510
1.861
1,006
912
""*874"
570
1,477
193
430
745
946
857
85
95
1,770
100
58.V
91
2.450
Uocoa Sor. ..
1
8,778
noflo.-.-... —
2,275
1
5.002
laabela
La Laguna^
La Union ... -__
"2^635"
1,297
3.025
5.671
_^
""iliaj"
529
1,311
3.562
8,166
Leyte-
ManUa
Mlndoro.*
96
06
ir»3
1,0G8
125
-yw
...-.-
69
8
32
112
1»
179
31
23
13
69
45
184
53
44
18
24
73
3,827
7.206
622
MtaamlB
NuevaEcUa
__ _' — .^_
"iiiir"
1.150
2,095
Ooddental Xeeros
1,406
1
100
2.689
Oriental Negros
'"""217'
456
1.009
614
"2^637"
1,557
Palawan
48
1,057
137
665
"i'iis"
—
288
Pampanfi^a. — .
2,701
Pansafllnan
600
88
6.400
Rfzal
3.567
Saniar.-. -....._. —
2,565
1,510
70
3.149
Sorsogon
Snrlffao ... .«
iiiiiiiLiiiiir
:-:>:
2,658
789
Tarlac...
1,234
2,216
Tayabai- .____.._.
2.237
8,823
6.941
502
i«2 ;. —
737
Total
34,277
24,234
22,878
7,126
6,179
1,192
91
209
2,005
96,251
The following table contains a list of the delegates to the Philip-
pine assembly, with their professions, avocations or pursuits, and
political affiliations, as stated by them :
Name.
AdrlAtlco. Macarlo
Affoncfllo, Felipe
Affuas, Marcellno
Alkulno, Qalrem6n.
Almonte, Tom&s
AltavAfl, Job6
Alvarez, Francisco
Alvear, Jnan
Ar^jola, Tom&8
Aaprer. Andr^
Avanoena. Amaddo
Barretto. Alberto
Boyles. Eutlqulo
BorJa. Candelarlo
Catlgbak. Qregorlo
Causing. Caslano
Ch&vez, Pedro
Claravall. Nlcaslo P
Olarfn, Jos^ A
Cojuangco, Melecio...
Delegate for—
Political party.
Mindoro 1 Naclonallsta.
Batangas, first district
Pampanga. second district
Lcyte^ first district '.
Albay, first district
Capiz. second district
Ambos Camarlnes, third district
Pangasinan. third district
Ambos Camarlnes. first district
La Union, first district
nollo. first district '.
Zambales
Bohol. third district ,
Bohol, first district I
Batangas, third district
Cebu, sixth district- _...
Sorsogon, second district I.
Isabela '
Bohol, second district I
Tarlac. first district
Independent-
Naclonallsta.
-do-
Independent-.
— -do
Naclonallsta.
.—do
—.-do
—-do —
do
do.
Indei>cndent_
Narlonalista.
do
.-.do
-do.
Progreslsta— .
Naclonallsta.
Progresista...
Profession, avoca-
tion, or pursuit.
Professor of law
and Journall.st.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Agriculturist.
Lawyer.
Do.
College professor.
Property owner.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Agriculturist.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Agriculturist.
Qualified physician.
Lawyer.
Merchant and agrl-
culttirlst.
BBPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
61
Naim.
DdeffAte for
Political iiarty,
Frofeflslon, aroca-
tloD. or pursuit.
Oorratas, Carlos
Oorrales. Manuel
Dasa. Euseoio D
Deroeterlo. Salvador K-.
Dotlllo, RBfflao
Fenoj, Lorenzo
Gabald6n. Isauro
Oala, Bmfllano A...
GaUcano, Troadio
Oomez, Donilnador
OodziOm, Matlas
Gnemiro, Femando Ma.
Guerrero, Le6n Ma
Guzmin, Pablo
Hemindee, Adrlano
Imperial, Carlos A
Jalandoni, NIcolte
Javier, Iiioeo
Jayme, Antonio
Jimenez, Pedro
Laguda, Salvador.*
Lasam, Gabriel
Lenna, Josi Ma
Locsin, Vicente
Lukbin. Cayetano
Mapa, Dlonlslo
Mercado, M6nlco
Mlna. Maxlmino
Mobo, 8tme6n
Montllla, Agustln
Oben. Crispin
Orense. Euseblo
Osmefia. Sergio
Padllla, NIcanor
Palma, Rafael
Paterno, Pedro A
Patero, Santiago M
Pefiaranda, Florontlno..
Pleazo, Eugenio
Pineda, Aurelio
Pobre, Baldomero
Quezon, Manuel L
Revllla. Bartolom6
Bey, Manuel
Beyes, Deogradas
Boco, Angel
Bodrlguez, Celestino
Bodrfgu<s. Pedro
Bosales, Honorlo
Bovlra, leopoldo
Buiz, Alejandro
Slngson, Ylosnte
Sinko. Luciano
Soriano, Francisco
Sotto. FIIem6n
Velarde. Aguedo
Vera. Vicente de
Veyra, Jaime O. de
Vlllamor, Juan
Zaadneta, Francisco —
MIsamIs, first district
MIsamlB. second district
Samar, third district
Leyte, second district
DoUo, fifth district-.
Pangaslnan, fourth district
Nueva Edja
Tayabas, second district
Oebu. fifth district
Manila, first district
Pangaslnan, fifth district
Manila, second district
Bulacan. second district
Cagayan. first district
Ilofio, fourth district
Albay, second district
nollo, second district
Docos Norte, first district
Occidental Kegroe, first district
Antique *
Hollo, third district
Cagayan, second district
Bataan ... ...
Oriental Negros, second district
BIzal, first district
Occidental Negros, second district..
Pampanga, first district^.,
nocos Sur, second district..
Independent.
do
. do.
Kacionallsta-.
Independent—
Naclonallsta..
do
Independent—
Naclonallsta.
do
Indq>eindent~
Nadonalista..
.....do
Progresista...
Naclonallsta..
Progresista
Nadonalista.
do
do ^.
Progresista
do
do
Nadonalista.
Progresista
Naclonallsta.
do
.....do.
Oaplz, third district
Occidental Negros. third district.
La Laguna, second district
Batangas, second district
Cebu, second district
Pangaslnan, first district
Cavite
La Laguna, first district
Palawan
Leyte, third district
Caplz, first district
Tarlac, second district
Hooos Norte, second district
Tayabas, first district
Rizal, second district..
Ambos Camarlnes, second district..
Pangaslnan, second district
Albay, third district
Cebu, first district..
Gebu, seventh district
Ssmar. first district
Oriental Negros, first district
Cebu, fourth district
Hooos Sur, first district
Samar, second district
Surlgao
CJcbu. third district
Bulacan, first district
Sorsogon, first district
Leyte, fourth district
Ilocos Sur, third district _.
La Union, second district .•_
.do
Independent.
Progresista
Naclonallsta.
do
do
Independent-.
Naclonallsta.
. ^do
Independent..
Nacionalista.,
Independent..
Progresista
Naclonallsta..
^do
do
do
do
Progresista
Naclonallsta.
.do..
Independent..
Progresista...
Nadonalista.
Progresista —
Nacionalista.
Progreslsta
Naclonallsta.
Nadonalista.
Independ-
ent.
Independent-.
Nadonalista.
do
Progresista...
Agriculturist.
Do.
College profsMor.
Agriculturist.
Do.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Physician.
Agriculturist and
merchant.
Journalist.
Pharmacist.
Do.
Agriculturist and
merchant.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Justioeof the peace.
Merchant and
planter.
Physldan.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Do.
College professor.
Agriculturist.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Physldan.
Lawyer.
Do.
Agriculturist.
Do.
Do.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Phjrsldan.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Property owner.
Agriculturist.
Lawyer.
Merchant.
Lawyer.
College professor.
Lawyer.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Journalist.
Agriculturist.
Lawyer.
Protested elections. — The seats of 14 assemblymen certified to have
been elected by election boards were contested. Seven of the con-
tests were resolved in favor of the assemblymen certified to have been
elected and seven are still awaiting decision.
Corvoening of the Philippine assembly. — The delegates to the
Philippine assembly, in accordance with the call of the governor-
general as prescribed by the act of Congress, met at the Grand Opera
House in the city of Manila on the 16th day of October at 9 o'clock
62 AEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPIKE COMMISSION.
a. m. The provisions of the act of Congress authorizing the creation
of the Philippine assembly, the resolution of the Commission certi-
fying that the conditions for its organization had been fulfilled, the
order of the President directing the Philippine Commission to call
an election for delegates to a popular assembly, the resolution of the
Commission calling the election for the 30th of July, 1907, and
directing the governor-general to proclaim the fact, the roll of dele-
gates certified to have been elected by the various election boards,
and the call of the governor-general directing that the first meeting
of the Philippine legislature be Jield at Manila in the Grand Opera
House on the 16th of October, 1907, at 9 o'clock a. m., were duly
read, and after the delivery of an address by the honorable the Sec-
retary of War to the Philippine Commission and the delegates to
the Philippine assembly, the Philippine assembly and the Phillippine
legislature were by him, as the representative of the President, form-
ally declared open for the transaction of business.
IMPORTANT XCTS PASSED BY THE COMMISSION.
The following are the important laws passed by the Commission
during the year :
Act No. 1523, to prohibit the importation, sale, giving away, use,
and possession of lottery tickets and lottery advertising matter.
Act No. 1533, providing that for good conduct a reduction of
sentence shall be allowed to all prisoners sentenced for a definite term
of more than thirty days and less than life.
Act No. 1545, amendatory of the provincial government act and
providing for the election of the provincial governor and a third
member of provincial boards and abolishing the office of provincial
secretary.
Act No. 1548, extending the power of provincial boards to expend
provincial funds.
Act No. 1561, authorizing the governor-general to parole prison-
ers and providing for the enforcement of the conditions of parole.
Act No. 1564, providing for the recoinage of Philippine silver
coins and reducing the weight and fineness thereof. This act was
passed in view of the fact that due to the increased price of silver
Philippine silver coins were worth more as merchandise than as
money, which resulted in the exportation of Philippine money and
a reduction of the circulating medium.
Act No. 1573, extending the time within which free patents may
be granted to native settlers upon unreserved and unappropriated
agricultural lands.
Act No. 1577, providing that the death penalty shall be executed
in Bilibid Prison instead of in the provinces. This act was passed
in order to prevent the evil effects resulting from public executions.
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 58
Act No. 1578, authorizing the refund to the purchaser of moneys
received from land-tax sales together with interest upon proper con-
veyance of the property involved to the provincial treasurer as trustee
for the government, and extending the time for the redemption of
the property by the delinquent taxpayer. This act was passed in
view of the fact that many Americans and many officials of the gov-
ernment had acquired tax titles to property sold for delinquent
taxes with the resultant effect that the impression was produced
among the people that Americans and officials were more interested
in exploiting the people than in protecting them.
Act No. 1596, providing that the supreme court may review the
evidence adduced on the trial in the court below in case a motion for
a new trial has been made on the ground that the evidence is in-
sufficient to justify the decision. This act was passed for the reason
that it was believed that a review of the evidence by seven judges of
the supreme court would better protect the interests of justice than to
continue a procedure which made the determination of a single trial
judge final as to the facts. It may be said that the trial judge who
sees the witnesses, hears them testify, and notes their manner on the
stand is better able to determine the truthfulness of their testimony
than would be seven judges who can not possibly have any knowledge
of the witnesses except that furnished by the written report of their
testimony. This argument would be entitled to much weight if it
were not for the fact that while the trial judge sees the witnesses his
knowledge of their declarations in 90 per cent of the cases is gained
through an interpreter. A witness's manner of answering questions
is more frequently induced by his failure to understand the inter-
preter than from any desire to conceal the truth.
Act No. 1617, authorizing provincial governments to establish and
maintain toll roads and toll bridges.
Act No. 1627, reforming the law as to justices of the peace and sub-
stantially consolidating in one act all legislation in force on that
subject.
Act No. 1638, providing for the retirement of officers and enlisted
men of the Philippines Constabulary on part pay after twenty or
more years of satisfactory service.
Act No. 1640, authorizing the Postal Savings Bank investment
board to make loans of its funds to provinces under guaranty of the
insular government
Act No. 1648, amending the land registration act so as to provide
that judges of all courts of first instance shall have jurisdiction to
hear land-title cases and report findings of fact to the court of land
registration in Manila. This act further amends the land registra-
tion act so as to fix a definite sum which must be paid by parties in
interest to cover the costs of the court of land registration. Here-
54 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
tofore neither the clerk of the court nor the petitioner for a title was
able to determine ,the exact amount which should be deposited as
fees and costs of court. When the original deposit made by the peti-
tioner was exhausted the clerk of the court would refuse to file papers
until a further deposit was made. This usually brought about
lengthy correspondence, in consequence of which cases were not in-
frequently delayed three, four, and even five months. The fees are
proportioned to the assessed value of the estate, but in no case can
such court fees and costs exceed $100.
The following statement will show the court fees which must be
paid to the court of land registration by parties in interest:
Property not exceeding $100 in value, $5; property not exceeding
$500 but over $100 in value, $16 ; property not exceeding $1,000 but
over $500 in value, $20; property not exceeding $5,000 but over $1,000
in value, $26 ; property not exceeding $25,000 but over $5,000 in value,
$40; property not exceeding $50,000 but over $25,000 in value, $50;
property exceeding $50,000 in value, $100.
Other amendments were made which avoid the necessity of requir-
ing a report from the examiner of titles. This report in 90 per cent
of the cases was valueless and accomplished no purpose other than
that of delaying for many months the final determination of the
matter.
Act No. 1652, authorizing the provincial boards to increase the
amount of the cedula tax by 1 peso for the benefit of the road and
bridge fund.
Act No. 1653, amending the road law so as to enable provinces and
municipalities to put its provisions into effect for a limited period of
time, and authorizing any municipality to avail itself of its provisions
although the road law may not have been put in force in the entire
province.
Act No. 1654, regulating the construction of bridges over navigable
waterways and authorizing the leasing of the foreshore, reclaimed
lands, and lands under water.
Act No. 1655, preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation
of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs,
medicines, and liquors, and regulating traffic in foods, drugs, medi-
cines, and liquors. This act is really a reenactment of the law of Con-
gress known as " the pure food and drug law." The Congressional
law was reenacted because it was evident that the machinery provided
by Congress for the enforcement of the act was not available in the
Philippine Islands. Moreover, it was clear that in the Philippines
no effect could be given to that part of the Congressional enactment
which provided that offenders against the law should be tried by a
jury. Any attempt to try offenders without a jury at the very least
KBPORT OF THE PHrLIPPINB COMMISSION. 66
would have resulted in appeals which would have delayed for a very
long time the enforcement of the substantive part of the law as
declared by Congress. ,
Act No. 1667, authorizing the city of Manila under specified terms
and conditions to lease or sell for hotel purposes a certain tract of
land on the Luneta Extension.
Act No. 1665, annexing the province of Romblon to the province of
Capiz. For the purposes of representation in the assembly, Romblon
has been added to the third assembly district, as originally constituted
in Capiz.
Act No. 1670, authorizing the trustees or directors of asylums and
institutions where poor children are maintained at public expense
to place such children in charge of suitable persons and providing for
the adoption of such children. .
Act No. 1691, limiting the amount of municipal funds which may
be expended for salaries and wages in municipalities of the first class
to SO per cent, in municipalities of the second class to 60 per cent, in
municipalities of the third class to 65 per cent, and in municipalities
of the fourth class to 75 per cent of the annual receipts.
Act No. 1692, prohibiting the utterance of speeches or the use of
language violative of good order or tending to disturb the public
peace.
Act No. 1693, creating the province of Agusan and the subprovinces
of Butuan, Bukidnon, and Batanes, and empowering the provincial
board of Cagayan to apply the provisions of the township government
act to the municipalities and settlements of the Babuyanes Islands.
The creation of the province of Agusan and the subprovinces of
Butuan and Bukidnon was induced by reason of the fact that the
mountain people of Misamis and Surigao and the peoples living re-
mote from the coast received little or no attention from the provincial
governments.
Act No. 1695,* allowing from internal-revenue receipts accruing to
the insular treasury an additional 5 per cent to municipalities for
school purposes, and to provinces an additional 10 per cent for the
benefit of the road and bridge fund.
Act No. 1696, prohibiting the display of flags, banners, emblems, or
devices used for the purposes of rebellion or insurrection against the
authority of the United States. This law was brought about in view
of the fact that in processions held in Manila, Caloocan, and Navotas
for the purpose of celebrating the triumph of one of the political par-
ties occasion was taken to relegate the American flag to second place
or to the rear of the processions and to display an American flag of
so small a size as to make it ridiculous when compared with insurrec-
tionary flags, banners, and emblems carried in the post of honor.
56 EEPORT OF THE I>HILT1»1>IKE COMMtSSlOK.
Act No. 1711, providing for the detention, segregation, and treat-
ment of all lepers in the Philippine Islands.
Act No. 1713, authorizing provincial boards, with the approval of
the governor-general, to suspend the collection of the land tax for a
period not exceeding one year at a time. As all funds resulting from
the land tax accrue* to provincial and municipal treasuries, it was
thought better to leave the suspension of the tax to provincial boards
and to make them responsible for results.
Act No. 1724, approving, confirming, and ratifying the agree-
ment made between the Secretary of War and the Archbishop of
Manila settling the title and right of administration of various es-
tates and properties which had been a matter of dispute between the
Boman Catholic Church and the government of the Philippine Is-
lands. This act also ratified the agreement settling controversies
between the government and the Banco Espanol-Filipino.
Act No. 1726, providing the machinery for the election of dele-
gates to the Philippine assembly and re-forming the law for the elec-
tion of provincial and municipal officials.
Act No. 1754, prohibiting the forging, counterfeiting, altering, or
fraudulent making of money, or of obligations and securities of the
United States or of the Philippine Islands, or of the circulating
notes issued by any banking institution authorized under the laws
of the United States, or of the Philippine Islands, etc.
Act No. 1757, prohibiting monte, jueteng, and gambling of all
kinds in gambling houses.
Act No. 1759, creating the office of lieutenant-governor for the
province of Samar, and charging him with the special care of people
residing in the mountains and in districts difficult of access from
the seacoast.
Act No. 1760, providing for the prevention of the introduction
into the Philippine Islands of dangerous communicable animal dis-
eases, and for the prevention of the spread of such -diseases.
Act No. 1761, providing for the regulation of the sale and use of
opium, pending the going into effect of the Congressional enactment
which prohibits the importation of opium in any form except for
medicinal purposes, and prohibiting all persons except physicians,
licensed pharmacists, and certain government officials and scientific
establishments from having in their possession opium, cocaine, or
alpha or beta eucaine after said Congressional enactment shall have
gone into effect.
Act No. 1768, disqualifying habitual users of opium from hold-
ing provincial or municipal offices.
Act No. 1773, making the crimes of aduUerio, estupro^ rapto^ vio-
lacion^ calumnia^ and injuria public offenses, abolishing the right
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 57
of pardon by the aggrieved party in such cases, and allowing to
such aggrieved party the right of civil suit for damages. Prior to
the passage of this act these offenses were private offenses, and the
aggrieved party had the absolute right to pardon the offender,
although the courts had assumed jurisdiction of the matter. This
made blackmail easy and extortion quasi respectable.
Act No. 1800, providing for the reservation of communal forests
for the benefit of municipalities, townships, and settlements.
In the interests of business, commerce and industry the following
laws were passed during the fiscal year :
Act No. 1497, granting a concession for the construction of rail-
ways in the islands of Cebu and Panay and in the province of Occi-
dental Negros.
Act No. 1506, providing for the execution of chattel mortgages. .
Act No. 1510, granting a concession for tlie construction of rail-
ways in the island of Luzon.
Act No. 1519, providing for the inspection and sealing of weights
and measures and regulating their use.
Act No. 1535, abolishing the collection of tonnage dues on vessels
coming from foreign ports to ports of entry in the Philippine
Islands.
Act No. 1544, excepting from internal-revenue taxes all timber and
forest products used in the actual construction and equipment of rail-
way lines under the concessions granted by acts Nos. 1497 and
1510.
Act No. 1566, regulating the free entry of railroad material im-
ported into the Philippine Islands.
Act No. 1574, continuing in force until May 1, 1908, the existing
rate of duty on rice imported into the Philippine Islands.
Act No. 1589, granting the Manila Suburban Railways Company an
extension of time within which to complete the portion of its line east
of Fort William McKinley, and conceding the right to build a branch
line to the town of Taguig and to the Laguna de Bay. The Manila
Suburban Railways Company is granted the right to transport over
its lines freight, express packages, and baggage under such regula-
tions as may be prescribed by the governor-general. The rates which
may be charged for such transportation are subject to regulation by
the governor-general, from whose decision an appeal may be taken to
the Secretary of War.
Act No. 1636, providing for the transmission of money within the
islands by means of the sale of demand drafts and telegraphic trans-
fers. This act was passed in order to afford to business, commercial,
and industrial interests a ready means of securing transfers of money
58 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
from one part of the islands to another at a minimum of expense and
risk.
Act No. 1735, authorizing the governor-general to execute on cer-
tain specific terms and conditions a concessionary grant for the con-
struction of a railway line to Baguio, in the province of Benguet.
. Act No. 1751, making provision for the arrest and return to ship of
seamen deserting from merchant vessels, for the adjudication by con-
suls of certain disputes, and for the enforcement of consular decisions
in such cases.
Act No. 1762, fixing the maximum rates which may be charged by
the Manila Suburban Railways Company.
Act No. 1775, authorizing the insular collector of customs to clear
foreign vessels for the ports of Legaspi and Tabaco.
Act No. 1779, creating a board for the regulation of rates charge-
able by public-service corporations in the Philippine Islands, and con-
ferring upon such boards the power to regulate such rates and to
enforce the rates fixed by it.
Act No. 1781, providing for the remission of duties on importa-
tions of the value of less than $1.
Act No. 1782, providing for the establishment of manufacturing
bonded warehouses. This act was passed in order to facilitate the
collection of rebates on material used in the manufacture of articles
subsequently exported.
Act No. 1790, confirming certain rights and franchises of the Banco
Espanol-Filipino and amending its charter. This act was passed in
conformity with an agreement made by the Archbishop of Manila
witli the Secretary of War, and the act as passed by the Commission
has been accepted by the Banco Espanol-Filipino.
RAILROADS.
Work under the concessions granted by act No. 1497 to the Philip-
pine Railway Company and by act No. 1610 to the Manila Railroad
Company began about the beginning of the present calendar year in
the islands of Luzon, Cebu, and Panay.
The following statement will show the progress of the work up to
December 1, 1907 :
PHILIPPINE RAILWAY COMPANY.
Island of Cebu, — Ninety-six and five-tenths kilometers to be con-
structed. Grading completed north of Cebu, 31.7 kilometers ; grading
completed south of Cebu, 34.4 kilometers; track is laid north of Cebu,
31.7 kilometers ; track is laid south of Cebu, 22.4 kilometers ; ballast-
ing partially completed north of Cebu, 31.7 kilometers; ballasting
partially completed south of Cebu, 20.5 kilometers.
BBPOBT OF THB PHUJPPIKB 00MMI8SI0K. 59
The station buildings north of Cebu are practically all completed
except at Danao.
South of Cebu 4 station buildings are under way.
At Cebu the storehouse and oil house are completed ; work on pas-
senger station and roundhouse is well under way, and work has been
begun on shop buildings.
No permanent bridges have yet been erected, but progress, how-
ever, is being made on substructure for permanent bridges and on
culvert^.
Island of Panay. — One hundred and sixty and nine-tenths kilome-
ters to be constructed. From Iloilo north continuously, grading has
been completed for 39.8 kilometers ; track has been laid for 17.2 kilo-
meters ; ballasting partially completed for 17.2 kilometers.
But very little progress has been made on depot buildings. The
storehouse and machine-shop buildings at Iloilo are well under way.
Island of Negroa. — One hundred and sixty and nine-tenths kilome-
ters to be constructed. No construction work has been done.
MANILA SAILBOAD COMPANY.
San Fernando-Union Line. — ^Length, 70.3 kilometers. Grading
completed for 12.5 kilometers; track laid for 12.5 kilometers; partly
ballasted for 12.5 kilometers.
One station building completed and work on another begun.
San Fahian-Camp One Line. — ^Length, W.7 kilometers. Grading
completed for 16 kilometers; track laid for 13 kilometers; partly
ballasted for 10 kilometers.
Paniqui-Tayug Line. — ^Length, 48.7 kilometers. Grading com-
pleted for 5 kilometers.
DavrMagalang Line. — ^Length, 9 kilometers.* Grading completed
for 9 kilometers; track laid for 9 kilometers; ballasted for 9 kilo-
meters. Line completed and in operation.
San Fernando-Florida Blanca Line. — ^Length, 24.6 kilometers.
Grading completed for 24.5 kilometers; track laid for 16 kilometers;
partly ballasted for 12 kilometers; line in operation for 10.5 kilo-
meters.
Bacolor station completed with three others started.
Mariquina-Montalban Line. — ^Length, 12.9 kilometers. Line com-
pleted and in operation.
ManUa-Batangas Line. — ^Length, 108.1 kilometers. Grading com-
pleted for 55 kilometers; track laid for 11 kilometers; partly ballasted
for 7 kilometers.
Belt Line^ Manila. — ^Length, 9.6 kilometers. Grading completed
for 9 kilometers; track laid for 8 kilometers; partly ballasted for 8
kilometers.
60 BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
MaTula-Gavite-Naic Line. — ^Length, 68.5 kilometers. Grading com-
pleted for 24 kilometers; rails laid for 12 kilometers; partly ballasted
for 10 kilometers.
Santo TomaS'Lucena Line. — ^Length, 63.2 kilometers. Grading
completed for 5 kilometers.
Antipole Line^ beyond Taytay. — ^Length, 9.4 kilometers. Grading
completed for 5 kilometers; track laid for 3 kilometers; partly bal-
lasted for 2 kilometers.
Very little permanent bridge and culvert work has been done on
any of the lines except the Florida Blanca and Magalang lines.
In addition to the railroad work set forth in the foregoing state-
ment 20 kilometers of grading and track laying have been completed
on a little line of railroad running from Paniqui to Camiling, in the
province of Tarlac. This narrow-gauge railroad is owned by the
Tarlac Tramway Company and is really a feeder for the Manila
Bailroad Company, to which, it is understood, the property has been
leased. *
The expenditures of the Philippine Railway Company amounted
on September 30, 1907, to ^4,017,241.48, practically all of which sum
has been audited and allowed, with the right reserved to the railway
company and to the government to correct errors subsequently dis-
covered.
The first section of railroad, running approximately 15 miles
north of Cebu and 5 miles south of the same place, has been prelimi-
narily completed, and a bond issue has been authorized for the sum of
$973,000, representing at date of issue the cost of construction and the
proportional part of equipment and other expenses properly assign-
able to tlie section.
PROGRESS OF THE HARBOR WORK.
The construction of the harbor works in Manila was practically
completed on the 17th of May, 1907. The construction of new
wharves is progressing slowly but steadily. The first part of the
abutments originally planned, for which contracts had been let at a
cost of ^15,000, settled considerably and proved that they would not
serve the purpose for which they were being built After W,492 of
the money appropriated had been expended, the contracts were can-
celled. In consequence, plans for new abutments were prepared, for
which contracts to construct at a cost of ^113,041.54 have been let
The port works at Cebu are still unfinished. It is probable that
the Cebu port works will be completed at an expense less than that
contemplated in the contract and that of the full sum appropriated
there will be a balance of about ^100,000.
The port works at Uoilo have been completed.
BBPOBT OF THE PHIUPPINB COMMISSION. 61
BUDGET FOB THE FISCAL TEAS 1908.
Oil the 1st of July, 1907, there was in the insular treasury avail-
able for appropriation M, 480, 078. 72
From which sum, however, should be deducted liabilities exist-
ing June 30, 1907, and not provided for by appropriation» as
follows ,to wit:
Sinking fund public works bonds, act 1729 M04, 204. 13
Reimbursement to friar lands bonds funds,
act 1749 606,184.31
1,100,388.44
Net balance available for appropriation July 1, 19P7 5, 379, 690. 28
During the current fiscal year the following is a conservative
estimate of the revenues and receipts which may be expected
to accrue to the insular treasury :
Customs revenue «5, 000, 000. 00
Internal revenue _, 5,600,000.00
Micelianeous ^ 800,000.00
Reversion from lapsed appropriations 600,000.00
Total estimated revenue and reversion 21,900,000.00
The total available for appropriation from the insular treasury
for the fiscal year 1908 on the basis of the net balance ac-
tually in the treasury, and the estimated receipts, was on
the 1st of July, 1907 27,279,690.28
From this sum the following appropriations have been made :
Interest public works bondsi act 1729 K82, 500.00
Sinking fund public works bonds, act 1729 142,848.44
Shiking fund friar lands bonds, act 1749 140,000.00
Interest friar lands bonds (estimated amount payable from gen-
eral funds), act 1748 350, 000. 00
Annuities to the Sultan of Jolo et al - 16, 200. 00
Subsidies to steamship companies, act 1715 230,000.00
Liability on account of railway guaranty, act 1730 270, 000. 00
Liability on account of Agricultural Bank, act 1730
Insurance fund, act 1728 250, 000. 00
Cuixent expenses insular government, act 1679 17, 495, 980. 00
Aid to subprovinces of Apayao and Kalinga, act 1642 1, 000. 00
Reimbursement to provinces on account of suspension of the
land tax, act 1686 700,000.00
Public works insular government, act 1688 3,502,655.00
Aid to province of Agusan, act 1693 (estimated) '25,000.00
30 per cent current expenses city of Manila, act 1706 1, 000, 000. 00
30 per cent public works city of Manila 85,000.00
30 per cent sinking fund city of Manila sewer and bonds 59, 622. 00
Refund to city of Manila on account expenditure Pasig River
walls, act 1750 207,000.00
Agricultural loans friar land haciendas, act 1736 100, 000. 00
Fidelity bond fund, act 1739 40,000.00
Reimbursement to provinces on account of court fees, act 1764.. 75, 000. 00
62
KKPOBT OF THE PHUilPPINE COMMIBSION.
Bounties to tobacco growers, act 1767 W3, 250. 00
Sundry current expenses insular government, act 1785 197, 700. 00
Provincial roads and bridges, act 1783 200, 000. 00
Reserve for contingencies 1, 896, 934. 84
Available for appropriation 27,270.690.28
THE POSTAL SAVINGS BANK.
Nine first-class, 86 second-class, and 140 third-class Postal Savings
Bank offices were opened during the fiscal year 1907. The total num-
ber of accounts opened during the year was 2,676, of which 347 were
closed. These accounts represent a total deposit of f^86,361.03, or
an average of F108.21 per account. At the close of the fiscal year
1907 there were 2,329 open accounts, representing a total deposit of
^509,463.34. Of the depositors in the Postal Savings Bank 1,616
were Americans, 944 Filipinos, and the balance Europeans, Asiatics,
and benevolent or other societies.
DINGLEY TABIFF.
The effect of the Dingley tariff on sugar and tobacco products of
the Philippines has already been discussed fully in previous reports
and especially in the report of the Commission for the fiscal year
1906.
The following tables showing the sugar exported from the Philip-
pine Islands during the fiscal years 1905, 1906, and 1907 and the to-
bacco exported during the fiscal years 1906 and 1907 may be of some
value to illustrate the effect of prohibitory tariff legislation on two
of the principal products of the Philippine Islands :
Bugar exported from the Philippine Islanda during the fiscal years 1905, 1906,
1907.
190!>.
1000.
1007
Value.
Oonntry.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
16,09<),068
'""85;80&^885"
7,&49,880
Value.
Pounds.
Unftod States
United Kingdom
Ohfnese Empire. -
British E«at Indies
Hongkonc
Japan
127,668,818
1,101,667
42,801,978
""'ei^Biilwo'
10,471,244
$2,618,487
22.108
887,431
"'1^887^158'
161,782
$260,104
""i^6i9,"629"
""2^9io;i88"
1(M.944
14,574,250
21,616,126
112,494,139
6,122
112,206,496
4.407,551
$224,074
288.000
1,740,747
97
1,009,641
67.001
Total
•250,542,682
4,977,026
»277,«2.222
4.863.866
<'265,206.684 j 3,934,460
• Equals 111,850 tons.
•Equals 123,813 tons. « Equals 118,395 tons.
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
63
Cigars exported from the Philippine Islands during the fiscal years 1906 and
1907.
OountTT.
United States
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Spain
OhJneae Empire
Hongkong
Japan
British East Indies
Dutch East Indies
British Australasia
Canada
Argentina
Other countries
Total
1906.
1097.
Thousands.
Value.
Thousands.
Vahie.
1.288
$23,406
1.698
826.067
100.860
8.925
84.170
11.473
3,107
20.300
2.899
17.478
8.666
27,917
8.876
25.067
3.311
21.964
0.064
24.iS9
8.690
107.580
10.328
121.417
82,6u6
285.208
42.778
309.146
570
6.794
4.753
58.m
9^96
114.69d
11,048
110.767
89i
7.401
1.331
12,004
11.360
116.617
11.178
128.940
028
10.941
1.223
13.913
1.461
9.134
1.065
10.918
6.029
66.026
llO.Oli
982.441
aj,136
901.250
116.719
1.051,681
Cigarettes exported from the Philippine Islands during the fiscal years 1906
and 1907.
Country.
1006.
1907.
Thousands.
Value.
Thousands.
Vahie.
Chinese Empire
Hongkong...
British East Indies
All other countries
3,854
12,827
860
1,335
$3,139
11,528
830
1,298
04.8M
49,728
0.551
1,634
$62,493
35.298
4,806
1.671
Total
18.802
10,801
152,777
101.208
'*AU
other tobacco" unmanufactured antd manufactured, exported from the
Philippine Islands during the fiscal years 1906 and 1907.
Country.
United States
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Spain
Italy
Austria-Hungary
Belgium
Olbraltar ~
Netherlands..
Hongkong —
Dutch East Indies. _,
Uruguay —
Other countries .
Total _ 21.470,845 1,468,839 ^0,133,080
1906.
Pounds.
Value.
110.120
221.712
44,295
361,360
12,476.208
458,608
4,561.561
1,075,139
440.291
896,518
108,199
226,685
270,727
216,842
$7,510
13,000
1,974
22,714
641,959
22,373
857.006
09, 4&-)
16.201
60,757
10.043
22,102
16.297
18,448
1007.
Pounds.
Value.
365,874
299.320
1.453,906
14.922.475
5,952
8,734,464
2,588.115
409,069
4.436,779
836,710
15.'). 063
224,661
1,199,762
$20,024
19.460
91.250
1,083.068
692
822.518
145.801
13.688
231,920
26,908
11.442
13.508
42,129
1.073,306
THE SHIPPING ACT OF' 1906.
The act of Congress of April 30, 1906, entitled "An act to regulate
shipping in trade between ports of the United States and ports or
places in the Philippine Archipelago, between ports or places in the
Philippine Archipelago, and for other purposes," if put into effect
64 EBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
as passed will be a positive detriment to commercial and industrial
interests in the islands. This bill does not seem to take account of the
fact that freight, merchandise, and passengers from the Philippines
to the United States can not be transported promptly unless there is
a substantial addition to the number of American vessels now plying
in the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific available for the Philippine
trade. This bill must of necessity result in a very substantial increase
in freight and passenger rates, to the great detriment of the industries
of the islands, which are regarded as foreign territory when free
admission into the United States of sugar and tobacco is requested
and as domestic territory when American shipping interests are to be
promoted. Philippine sugar and tobacco are kept out of the United
States, although the domestic production in the United States falls
far short of supplying the demands of local consumption. For
the benefit of American hemp iipporters from the Philippines the
Philippine government is obliged to refund all export duties col-
lected on hemp consumed in the United States. The shipping act of
April 30, 1906, may well be regarded as " the last straw," and should
be repealed in justice to Philippine interests, which are entitled to
some consideration.
BONDED AND OTHER INDEBTEDNESS OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT.
The bonded indebtedness of the Philippine government consists
of ^,000,000 in bonds issued for the making of public improvements
and of ^14,000,000 in bonds issued for the purchase of the so-called
friar lands. In September of this year all certificates of indebtedness
relating to the gold-standard fund were paid, and there is at the
writing of this report no liability of the insular government on
account of such certificates of indebtedness.
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS.
The Commission begs leave to make the following specific recom-
mendations, some of which have been embodied in previous reports:
^^ First. That the duties on sugar and tobacco exported from the
Philippine Islands into the United States be removed."
See previous reports of the Commission and in this report under
heading "Dingley tariff."
" Second. That that portion of section 2 of the act of Congress
approved March 8, 1902, entitled *An act temporarily to provide
revenue for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes,' which
requires that all export duties upon articles exported from the Phil-
ippine Islands and consumed in the United States be refunded, be
repealed."
This is a renewal of the recommendation made by the Commission
in its annual report for 1906.
BBPORT OF THE PHIUPPINE COMMISSION. 65
"Third. That the customs duties on agricultural machinery,
apparatus, and implements, machinery and apparatus for making or
repairing roads, and on steam plows be removed."
This can be accomplished by amending paragraph 245 of tlie Phil-
ippine tariff revision law of 1905 to read as follows:
245. Machinery and apparatus for pile driving, dredging, and hoisting, for
refrigerating and ice making, sawmiU machinery, machinery and apparatus for
extracting vegetable oils and for converting the same into other products, for
making sugar, for preparing rice, hemp, and other vegetable products of the
islands for the markets, and detached parts therefor, also traction and portable
engines and their boilers adapted to and Imported for and with rice-threshing
machines, five per centum ad valorem.**
and inserting in the unconditional free list (section 12) an additional
paragraph to read as follows :
Agricultural machinery, apparatus, and implements, machinery and appa-
ratus for making or repairing roads, and steam and other motor plows.
The customs duties on this class of machinery are a revenue tax
only ; hence the only possible objection to the removal of said duties
would be the loss of revenue to the insular government, and the
advantages which would accrue to the islands through the additional
facilities and stimulus which would be given to agriculture here by
the removal of said duties decidedly outweigh the loss of revenue
involved.
" Fourth. That the customs duties on mining, smelting, and reduc-
tion machinery and apparatus be reduced by including them under
paragraph 245 of the Philippine tariff revision law of 1905, further
amending the paragraph to read as follows.
245. Machinery and apparatus for mining and the reduction and smelting
of ores, for pile driving, dredging, and hoisting, for refrigerating and Ice mak-
ing, sawmill machinery, machinery and apparatus for extracting vegetable oils
and for converting the same into other products, for making sugar, for pre-
paring rice, hemp, and other vegetable products of the islands for the markets,
and detached parts therefor; also traction and portable engines and their
boilers adapted to and imported for and with rice-threshing machines, five
per centum ad valorem.
In fixing a low rate of duty on machinery and apparatus the intro-
duction of which will tend to develop certain industries of the islands
it would seem that an industry which may become of considerable
importance has been overlooked, to wit, the development of the min-
eral resources of the islands. There is considerable prospecting now
in progress in the islands for both precious metals and coal, and a
not inconsiderable number of properties have been located. An
amendment such as that recommended would encourage and assist
in the development of the mineral resources of the islands.
^ The note to paragraph 245 would not be changed by this amendment.
11024--WAB 1907— VOL 7 6
66 BEPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
" Fifth. That the customs duties on materials for the construction
and repair, in the Philippine Islands, of vessels of all kinds be
removed."
To accomplish this it is recommended that paragraph 397 (con-
ditional free list, section 12), Philippine tariff revision law of 1905,
be amended to read as follows :
387. All materials for exclusive use in the construction and repair, in the
Philippine Islands, of vessels of all kinds.
The object of this amendment is to put local ship-repairing estab-
lishments in position to be better able to compete with such concerns
in Hongkong, where all materials are entered without duty, and to
encourage the establishment of ship building and repairing concerns
in these islands.
By placing these materials on the conditional free list they will
be entered free of duty, subject to formalities prescribed in each
case by the customs authorities which will prevent impositions on
the revenue which might be attempted by reason of the fact tbat
materials required in the manufacture and repair of vessels are
largely used for other purposes also.
" Sixth. That a provision be added to paragraph 308 that each and
every gauge or wine liter of measurement of spirits dutiable imder
letter (a) shall be counted as at least one proof liter."
This could be accomplished by amending clause (a) of paragraph
308 of the Philippine tariff revision law of 1905 to conform to the
wording of the corresponding tariff revision in the United States, as
follows :
308. (a) Whisky, rum, gin, and brandy, per proof liter, thirty-five cents:
Provided, That each and every gauge or wine liter of measurement shall be
counted as at least one proof liter.
The following remarks of the acting collector of customs, concurred
in by the present collector of customs, are, after consideration, like-
wise concurred in by the Commission.
At the time the revision of the tariff law of 1901 was under consideration
the committee on tariff revision recommended that the duties on spirituous
liquors provided for in paragraph 308 be increased from 35 cents per liter to 50
cents per liter, and that liquors imported under this paragraph in wood should
be dutiable by the proof liter. This was done for the purpose of increasing
the duty on such importations, and for the further purpose of equalizing the
duty on high and low grade spirits. The Commission in acting upon the recom-
mendation of the committee approved the changes recommended in this para-
graph; the duty was reduced by Congress from 50 cents, as recommended, to
35 cents, including in the paragraph the provision " per proof liter," which did
not appear in the tariff revision law of 1901. The effect of this provision was
to reduce by approximately 10 per cent the duties which had formerly been
collecte<l on such merchandise; this for the reason that the greater portion
of the spirituous liquors imported into the Philippine Islands are under proof
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 67
and now pay on the proof liter iusteed of on the gauge liter, as formerly pro-
vided. In addition to this disadvantage it has added materially to the cost
of assessing such merchandise for duty for the reason that each importation
in bottles and similar receptacles must be gauged and tested in order that
the proof may be determined.
" Sev^enth. That section 22 of the Philippine tariff revision law of
1905, providing that importations exceeding $100 in value shall be
accompanied by a consular invoice, etc., be repealed."
The following remarks of the acting collector of customs, con-
curred in by the present collector of customs, are, after consideration,
likewise concurred in by the Commission :
Section 22 provides that all importations of merchandise into the Philippine
Islands from countries other than the United States, when the value of such
importations exceeds $100, shall be accompanied by a consular invoice similar
to that required for importations into the United States, and that when brought,
into the Philippine Islands from the United States such importations shall
be accompanied by an invoice similar in form to the consular invoice, but in
lieu of execution by a consul of the United States such invoices shall be sworn
to before a United States commissioner, collector of customs, or deputy col-
lector of customs.
After a i)erlod of about two years, during which the workings of the con-
sular invoice system have been carefully noted, the fact is evident that the
Introduction of consulated invoices for importations into the Philippine Islands
has not been of any advantage to the Philippine customs service, nor are such
invoices as useful in the dispatch of imported merchandise as are the usual
commercial invoices which were formerly required by law ; this for the reason
that United States consuls throughout the world apparently have no informa-
tion whatever In regard to the Philippine customs laws nor as to the informa-
tioq which invoices must contain In order to permit importers to make a
proiier entry covering such importations, or to furnish the information which
customs officers absolutely require for the proper classification of the same.
The average value of an importation covered by consular Invoice is estimated
by this office to be approximately $250 United States currency, and it is fair
to estimate *that during the past twelve months there were 30,000 of such in-
voices presented covering merchandise from countries other than the United
States. This number of entries would represent an additional cost to importers
of $75,000 United States currency, which, of course, must be an additional
charge to the consumers who purchase the imported goods.
The Philippine tariff revision law of 1905 Is essentially a tariff of specific
rates. Of the 366 paragraphs contained in the tariff, only 45 have a straight
ad valorem rate and only 62 an ad valorem provision, making but 107 para-
graphs of the tariflf which are in any way affected by the value of the im-
ported merchandise. This leaves 259 paragraphs which are not affected by ad
valorem rates, and the merchandise dutiable under these 259 paragraphs might
as well be passed by the customs officers without any invoice whatsoever in
80 far as the revenue of the islands is concerned.
What is particularly required under our tariff is an invoice which properly
describes the merchandise as to kind and quantity, and which shows correctly
the gross and net weight of the same. The commercial Invoices which were re-
celvetl prior to the passiijrt^ of the tariff revision law of 1905 contained in nearly
every instance the jieedful Information, which has never been required by
United States consuls in the invoices consulated by them.
68 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Ill addition to these reasons, consular invoices are frequently delayed in the
mails and do not reach importers until after the arrival of the merchandise
covered thereby. This again necessitates additional expense in that the
Importer is required to give a bond for the production of such an invoice to the
customs authorities before he can be permitted to make entry and obtain
delivery of his goods.
I am satisfied from my observation that the consular invoice system as
applied to the Philippine Islands is a detriment rather than a betterment to the
Philippine customs service and that this system has created a large additional
expense to importers without any corresponding advantage accruing to the
government.
" Eighth. That in order to place the local button manufacturing
industry on a fair and competitive basis with the imported article
paragraphs 29 and 345 of the Philippine tariff revision law of 1905
be amended to read as follows:
' "29. Oold and silver-plated wares. — (a) Gold and silver-plated jewelry, net
weight, kilogram, two dollars and forty cents; (b) gold and silver-plated wares
other than Jewelry, net weight, kilogram, two dollars; (c) silvered copper foil,
net weight, kilogram, fifty cents : Provided, That none of the articles classified
under paragraphs twenty-seven, twenty-eight, and twenty-nine shall pay a less
rate of duty than twenty-five per centum ad valorem: And provided further.
That all articles classified for duty under paragraphs twenty-seven, twenty-
eight, and twenty-nine shall pay the prescribed rates on the net weight of the
articles themselves, and that the immediate packing In which they are con-
tained shall be assessed for duty under the paragraph covering the article of
which it is manufactured.
"345. Buttons. — (a) Bone, iwrcelaln, composition, wood, steel, iron, and simi-
lar materials, net weight, kilogram, thirty cents; (b) rubber, copper and its
alloys, net weight, kilogram, fifty cents; (c) mother-of-pearl, and others not
specially provided for, except of gold or silver, or gold or silver plated, net
welfight, kllo^am, one dollar and thirty cents: Provided, That none of the
articles classified under letter (c) of this paragraph shall pay a less rate of
duty than thirty per centum ad valorem."
The Commission is in receipt of a petition from a button factory
established a few years ago in Manila, requesting that in order that
it may continue to operate without losing money the duties already
prescribed by the present customs tariff (act of Congress of March 3,
1905), in paragraph 345, be decidedly inci*eased.
Petitioners also request that the duties upon shells imported into
these islands be removed, that the duties upon brass shanks and rings
under paragraph 69 (b) be reduced, and that the duties upon silvered
copper foil under paragraph 29 (b) be similarly reduced.
After careful examination of the books and operations of this but-
ton factory we are of the opinion that the present rate of customs duty
is not sufficient to give a fair profit to the manufacturer here upon
certain lines of mother-of-pearl buttons, and that if said factory is
not afforded certain additional protection against the competition of
imported buttons it will be compelled to close its doors.
BEPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 69
The petitioners request that the dnties upon bone, porcelain, com-
position, wood, steel, iron, and similar buttons be increased from 20
cents per kilogram, net weight, to 50 cents, an increase of 150 per cent
in the present duties ; that the duties upon rubber and copper buttons
be increased from 50 cents per kilogram, net weight, to $1, an increase
of 100 per cent in the present duties; and that the duties on mother-
of-pearl and other buttons not specially provided for be increased
from $1 per kilogram, net weight, to $2 per kilogram, net weight, an
increase of 100 per cent in the duties.
It appears that upon an average class of mother-of-pearl buttons
the factory is at present losing about 16 per cent of the cost of pro-
duction of said class of buttons. The average cost per gross of a fair
type of said buttons is f^.28. The average selling price per gross is
^1.91, the loss therefore being 37 centavos per gross, or about 16 per
cent. The duties paid upon similar and competing imported buttons
is $1 per kilogram, or about 90 per cent of the cost of production of
these buttons. In order to give a reasonable profit of, say, approxi
mately 10 per cent upon the manufacture of these classes of buttons
it would seem evident that additional protection through the customs
tariff must be given to the extent of making the duty upon such but-
tons $1.35 per kilogram, net weight, instead of $1.
We believe that the duties upon silvered copper foil, now amount-
ing to approximately 140 per cent ad valorem, should be greatly re-
duced, and that the present rate is an abnormal one. We are not of
the opinion that the present rate of duty, approximately 15 per cent
ad valorem, on brass shanks and rings is unreasonable, and think
that it should remain unchanged ; nor are we of the opinion that the
present duty on shells imported into the islands should be removed,
for the reason that there is a growing shell industry here which should
be encouraged.
" Ninth. That the following proposed amendments to the act of
Congress of July 1, 1902, be made:
Sbc. — . That section thirty-three of the act of Congress approved July first,
nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An act temporarily to provide for the
administration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and
for other purposes," is hereby repealed, and the following substituted therefor,
80 that section thirty-three shall read a« follows :
" S£C. 33. That, subject only to such limitations and regulations as may be
provided for by the Philippine legislature to exempt navigation from artificial
obstructions or to protect prior vested rights, all navigable waters and all shoal
waters between low and mean high tide on shores, bays, and Inlets of the Philip-
pine Islands shall be subject to exploration and mining for gold and other
precious metals by citizens of the United States, or persons who have legally
declared their intention to become such, or of the Philippine Islands : Provided,
That such exploration and mining shall be by virtue of licenses granted by the
gOYCmor-general of said islands: And provided further, That no exclusive
70 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
licenses for this purpose shall be granted except as to limited and prescribed
areas under general regulations established by the Philippine It^gislature." «
Sec. — . That section thirty-six of the act of Congress approved July first,
nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An act teiniJorarily to provide for the ad-
ministration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and
for other purposes," and that part of section nine of the act of Congress
approved February sixth, nineteen hundred and five, entitled "An act to amend
an act approved July first, nineteen hundred and two, entitled *An act tem-
porarily to provide for the administration of the affairs of civil government
in the Philippine Islands, and for other puri)oses,* ** and to amend an act
approved March eighth, nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An act tern iwrarily
to provide revenue for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes," and to
amend an act approved March second, nineteen hundred and three, entitled '*An
act to establish a standard of value and to provide for a coinage system in the
Philippine Islands," and to provide for the more efilclent administration of civil
government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes, which refers to
section thirty-six of the act of Congress approved July first, nineteen hundred
and two, as hereinbefore mentioned, are hereby amended by inserting in the
first paragraph thereof, after the word " governing," the words " the number
of mining claims that any person, corporation, or association may locate on the
same vein or lode ; " and by Inserting in the second paragraph, after the word
"Provided" the words " That where a group of two or more contiguous lode or
placer mining claims are held by &ny individual, corporation, or association the
total value of the iifiprovements or labor required upon such group may be made
or performed upon any one of the group, provided that any two claims in such
a group have one boundary line in common ; " and by striking out the word '* lo-
cation " at the end of the first sentence of said paragraph and inserting in lieu
thereof the word "relocation," so that the said section when amended shall
read as follows:
" Sec. 36. That the Philippine legislature may make regulations, not In con-
flict with the provisions of this act, governing the number of mining claims
which any person, corporation, or association may locate on the same vein or
lode, the location, manner of recording, and amount of work necessary to hold
possession of a mining claim, subject to the following requirements :
" On each claim located after the passage of this act, and until a patent has
been issued therefor, not less than two hundred i)esos' worth of labor shall be
performed or improvements made during each year: Provided, That where a
group of two or more contiguous lode or placer mining claims are held by any
individual, corporation, or association, the total value of Uu* lmi)rovements or
labor required upon such groui)s may be made or performed upon any one of
the group; provided that any two claims In such a group have one boundary
line in common, and that upon a failure to comply with these conditions the
claim or mine upon which such failure occurred shall be o\you to relocation In
the same manner as If no location of the same had ever been made: Provided,
That the original locators, their heirs, assigns, or legal representatives have not
resumed work upon the claim after failure and before such relocation. Uix>n
the failure of any one of several coowners to contribute his proportion of the
expenditures required thereby, the coowners who have i^rformed the labor or
made the improvements may, at the expiration of the year, give such delinquent
coowners personal notice in writing, or notice by publication in the newspaj^er
published nearest the claim, and In two newspai)ers published at Manila, one in
the English language and the other in the Spanish language, to be designated
« See^p, 73 Compilation, etc., Alaska. S. Doc. 141i, 59th Cong., 1st sess.
REPORT OF THE PHIUt^IKE COMMISSION. 71
by the chief of the Philippine insular bureau of public landa, for at least once
a week for ninety days, and if, at the expiration of ninety days after such
notice in writing or by publication, such delinquent shall fall or refuse to con-
tribute his proportion of the expenditure required by this section, his interest
in the claim shall become the property of his coowners who have nwde the
required expenditures. The period within which the work required to be done
annually on all unpatented mineral claims shall commence on the first day of
January succeeding the date of location of such claims."
Sec. — . That section seventy-five of the act Of Congress approved July first,
nineteen hundred and two, entitled ''An Act temporarily to provide for the
administration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands and
for other purposes," is hereby amended by amending the second clause of said
section so that the said section as amended shall read as follows :
'* Sec. 75. That no corporation shall be authorized to conduct the business
of buying and selling real estate, or be permitted to hold or own real estate
except such as may be reasonably necessary to enable it to carry out the pur-
poses for which it is created, and every corporation authorized to engage in
agriculture shall, by its charter, be restricted to the ownership and control of
not to exceed one thousand and twenty-four hectares of land. And it shall be
unlawful for any member of a corporation engaged in agriculture, and for any
corporation organized for any purpose except irrigation, to be in anywise in-
terested in any other corporation engaged in agriculture. Corporations, how-
ever, may loan funds upon real estate security and purchase real estate when
necessary for the collection of loans, but they shall dispose of real estate so
obtained within five years after receiving the title. Corporations not organized
in the Philippine Islands and doing business therein shall be bound by the pro-
visions of this section so far as they are applicable." ^
Sec — . That section fifty-six of the act of Congress approved July first, nine-
teen hundred and two, entitled "An act temporarily to provide for the admin-
istration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands and for
other purposes," is hereby amended by inserting after the word " authorized "
In the first clause of said section the words " the holding of," and by striking
out the second and third dlauses of the said section and inserting in lieu there-
of after the words " or association of persons " in the first clause, the follow-
ing words: "or by any association of persons, any member of which shall
have taken the benefit of such clauses either as an individual or as a mem-
ber of any other association," and by striking out all of the fourth and fifth
clauses of the said section and inserting in lieu thereof the following: "and
that persons claiming under section fifty-four shall be required to prove
their respective rights and pay for the land filed upon within three years from
the time prescribed for filing their respective claims, and upon the failure to
file proper notice or to pay for the land within the required period the same
shall be subject to entry by any other qualified applicant; and any person or
association shall, after entering upon any quantity of vacant coal land as pre-
scribed in the three preceding sections, and before obtaining a patent for same,
have the right to mine and sell coal therefrom, provided that upon the coal
extracted before obtaining a patent a royalty of thirty centavos per ton shall
be paid to the government of the Philippine Islands in such manner as may be
directed by the governor-general thereof. And provided that if a patent for the
said land is not secured within one year after the time prescribed for filing
claims for said lands, a tax thereon of T6 per hectare shall be paid into the
« The reference to mining in the original section 75 is omitted by this amend-
ment
72 REPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Philippine treasury each succeeding year until the patent be secured," so that
the said section when amended shall read as follows :
"Sec. 56. That the three preceding sections shall be held to authorize the
holding of only one entry by the same person or association of persons, or any
association of persons any member of which shall have taken the benefit of
such sections either as an individual or as a member of any other association ;
and that persons claiming under section fifty-four shall be required to prove
their respective rights and pay for the land filed upon within three years from
the time prescribed for filing their respective claims, and upon failure to file
the proper notice, or to pay for the land within the required period, the same
shall be subject to entry by any other qualified applicant; and any person or
association shall, after entering upon any quantity of vacant coal land as pre-
scribed in the three preceding sections and before obtaining a patent for same,
have the right to mine and sell coal therefrom, provided that upon the coal
extracted before obtaining a patent a royalty of thirty centavos per ton shall
be paid to the government of the Philippine Islands in such manner as may be
directed by the governor-general thereof; and provided, that if a patent for
said lands is not secured within one year after the time prescribed for filing
claims to said land, a tax thereon of K per hectare shall be paid into the
Philippine treasury each succeeding year until a patent be secured ; provided, in
lieu thereof, that on each claim located after the passage of this act, labor may
be performed or improvements made equal in value to said tax, evidenced in
such manner as may be prescribed by the secretary of the interior of the Philip-
pine Islands, and in the event of failure to comply with these conditions, that
part of section 36 of ^this act which is applicable upon the failure to comply
with the conditions for holding a mining claim shall apply thereto, except that
the period within which the work shall be required to be done annually on all
unpatented coal claims shall conmience one year from date of location of such
claims."
The above is a repetition in a more complete form of recommenda-
tions made in previous annual reports of the Conmiission and was
prepared by the Bureau of Insular Affairs and submitted to the Sec-
retary of the Interior and the Director of Lands of the Insular
Government for comment. Changes therein were made by the Di-
rector of Lands under direction of the Secretary of the Interior.
Copies of the communications of the Secretary of the Interior and the
Director of Lands may be found on pages 151 to 155, inclusive. Part
2, Report of the Commission for 1906.
" Tenth. That proper legislation be enacted authorizing the natu-
ralization of foreigners as citizens of the Philippine Islands after
fulfilling the conditions usually exacted for naturalization of foreign-
ers as citizens of the United States ; and also the naturalization in the
United States of citizens of the Philippine Islands fulfilling condi-
tions there."
A bill which would accomplish this (S. 5766) was introduced by
Senator Lodge on April 19, 1906, and was referred to the Committee
on the Philippines.
" Eleventh. That the act of Congress of April 30, 1906, relating
to shipping between the United States and Philippine ports and
between ports and places in the Philippine Islands be repealed."
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPIKE COMMISSION. 73
See this report under caption " The shipping act of 1906."
"Twelfth. That the following bill be enacted by Congress into
law:
"AN ACT To authorise the treasurer of the Philippine Islands and the Postal Sayings
Bank InTestment Board to make loans to the provinces of the Philippine Islands,
under certain conditions, and for other purposes.
"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives ot the United
States of America in Congress assembled. That for the purpose of providing
funds for the construction and improvement of port works, harbor works,
bridges, roads, school buildings, court houses, penal institutions and other
public buildings and improvements in the Philippine Islands, the Treasurer of
the Philippine Islands, with the approval of the Governor-General, is authorized,
from time to time, to make loans to any province or provinces from any sinking
funds now established or to be established for the payment of any bonds law-
fully issued by the Government of the Philippine Islands; and for the same
purpose, the Postal Savings Bank Investment Board, created by Act Numbered
Fourteen hundred and ninety-three of the Philippine Ck)mmi88ion, entitled ' An
Act to encourage economy and saving among the people of the Philippine Islands,
and to that end to provide for the establishment of postal savings banks and
their administration through the organization of a postal savings bank division
in the Bureau of Posts, and for other purposes,* may, with the approval of the
Governor-General, make loans to any province or provinces from any Postal
Savings Bank funds under the control of said Board for investment. Any loan
made under authority of this Act shall be a lawful charge and lien upon the
revenues and property, real and personal, of the province to which it is made,
and may be collected in accordance with the terms of said loan, administratively
or by proper Judicial proceedings."
"Thirteenth. That section 7, congressional act, July 1, 1902, be
amended to provide that qualifications of electors in election of As-
sembly delegates shall be the same as those now or hereafter required
for municipal electors by Philippine laws, and that no person shall
be eligible to election as Assembly delegate unless he has qualifica-
tions prescribed by law for municipal officers, is resident of his elec-
tion district, owes allegiance to the United States, and is 25 years
of age."
For necessity of this see under heading " The Philippine assem-
bly," subheading^' Qualifications of delegates," of this report.
HespeotfuUy submitted.
Jakes F. Smith,
President.
T. H. Paroo de Tavera,
JoSE B. DE LUZURIAGA,
W. Camebon Forbes,
W. Morgan Shuster,
Commtssioners.
To the honorable the Secretary op War,
Washington^ Z>. C.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL.
Manila, December 31^ 1907.
GiBNTLEMEN ! The govemor-gcneral begs leave to submit for your
consideration the sixth annual report of the operations of the various
provincial governments and the work accomplished by the bureaus
and offices under his executive control during the fiscal year 1907.
Under and by virtue of the provisions of acts Nos. 1679 and 1706
the executive control of the bureau of audits and of the city of Manila
was transferred from the secretary of finance and justice to the gov-
ernor-general. The report as to the work accomplished during the
fiscal year 1907 by the bureau of audits and by the city of Manila
will therefore be made by the governor-general instead of by the
secretary of finance and justice as heretofore.
BXTBEAU OF CIVIL SEBVICE.
Civil-service law and modifications therein. — On the recommenda-
tion of the director of civil service the Commission, after having
made a careful study of the original civil-service act and amendments
thereto, carefully revised the same and enacted act No. 1698 whidi
now comprises in concrete form the entire law governing and con-
trolling the civil service of the Philippine Islands. On the one hand,
this act eliminates many objectionable features of the original act and
its amendments which hampered the service, especially in the case of
emergency and temporary employments, and, on the other, nullifies
certain modifications of the civil-service law which were injected into
it by appropriation bills and which tended in some measure to break
down the civil-service barriers intended for the protection of the gov-
ernment.
Act. No. 1698 authorizes the appointment of aliens to the Philip-
pine civil service in case citizens of the Philippines or citizens of the
United States are not available for appointment. It repeals the pro-
vision of law authorizing the reduction of office hours during the h^t
season and requires from officials and employees of the government
not less than six and one-half hours' service on every day of the year
except Sundays and legal holidays, provided, however, that bureau
chiefs may be authorized by executive order of the governor-general
to shorten the hours of labor to five hours on Saturdays. The officers
77
78 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
and employees of the government are no longer obliged to take their
leave in the United States, but may visit foreign countries, provided
that the expense so incurred shall not exceed that which would have
been permitted for a visit to the United States. Under the new
civil-service act skilled laborers who receive less than $1,000 per
annum, messengers, watchmen, and detectives appointed subsequent
to the passage of the act will not be allowed leave.
To save delays and unnecessary paper work the governor-general
and heads of departments have been empowered to authorize the
director of civil service to approve appointments and grant leaves of
absence subject to the right of the governor-general or heads of de-
partments, as the case may be, to reverse or modify on appeal the
action of the director of civil service.
Examinations. — During the year 5,726 applicants for promotion,
transfer, reinstatement, or entrance into the service were examined by
the bureau, an increase of 433 as compared with examinations for
the previous year. The number of Filipinos, other than skilled
laborers and mechanics, who took examinations in English was 3,078,
of whom 631, or 21 per cent, passed, as compared with 2,231 for
the fiscal year 1906, of whom 401, or 18 per cent, passed. The number
of Filipinos appljdng for examination during the fiscal year just
ended exceeded that of the previous year by 847, an increase of 38
per cent. The number of applicants for examination in Spanish
during the year 1907 was 1,863, of whom 675, or 36 per cent, passed,
as compared with 1,973 for the previous year, of whom 816, or 41
per cent, passed. The decrease in the number of applicants for
examination in Spanish was 110, or about 6 per cent. Six hundred
and four Americans were examined for entrance into the service
during the year 1907, of whom 309, or 51 per cent, passed, as com-
pared with 702 examined during the preceding fiscal year, of whom
398, or 57 per cent, passed. Compared with the previous fiscal year
there was a decrease of 98, or 14 per cent, in the number of Americans
examined.
Appointments in the classified service. — During the fiscal year
covered by this report 550 original appointments were made, 430 of
which were Filipinos and 120 Americans, as compared with 593
original appointments for the preceding year, of which 474 were
Filipinos and 119 Americans. Seventy-eight per cent of the
appointments made during the present year were Filipinos and 22 per
cent Americans, as compared with 71 per cent Filipinos and 29 per
cent Americans for the preceding year. Of the 430 Filipinos
appointed during the fiscal year 1907, 204 qualified in English and
226 in Spanish, as compared with 174 in English and 300 in Spanish
for the preceding year.
BEPOBT OF THS GOVEBNOB-OBNEBAL. ^ 79
From the applications for examination and the appointments
made it is very evident that young Filipinos are making a great effort
to quailify themselves for appointment to places in the government
service requiring a knowledge of English, and that the number of
Americans in the service is gradually decreasing, while the number
of Filipinos is correspondingly increasing. On January 1, 1903, the
number of Americans in the service above the grade of laborer was
about equal to the number of Filipinos. The following table will
show the number of Filipinos and Americans employed on the 1st of
January, 1904, 1905, and 1907, no statistics being available for 1906 :
AmerlcanB. ' Ffllplnoi.
January 1. 1904 3.228 8.377
January 1. 1006 _ ' 8,807 I 4.023
January 1. 1007 j 2,616 i 8.002
Since 1904 the number of Americans employed in the service has
been reduced by more than 600 and the number of Filipinos em-
ployed increased by more than 500.
Salaries. — ^The gradual substitution of Filipinos for Americans
should very materially reduce the cost of government, but whether
such a result will follow the substitution will depend largely upon
the firmness shown by the bureau chiefs and the Philippine legisla-
ture in restraining the present tendency of Filipino employees to
demand the high salaries paid to Americans. At first blush the
demand of the Filipino that he should be paid the same salary paid
to the American when he has shown himself capable of doing the
same work appears to be reasonable and just, but when it is consid-
ered that the salary paid to the American represents not only the
value of the services rendered by him, but also the compensation
exacted by him for the risks incurred by service in a tropical climate
and for long-continued separation from family and friends, it is evi-
dent that the demand of Filipino employees for the same salary
for the same work loses something of its force. In my opinion, the
Filipino should receive no more for his services to the government of
the Philippines than the American would receive for the same services
in the United States. Indeed, the government of the Philippine
Islands should not pay to Filipinos, or, for that matter, to Americans,
any more for their services than private concerns are willing to pay
to their employees, American or Filipino, under corresponding cir-
cumstances. Should the present policy of bureau chiefs be continued,
of paying to Filipino officials and employees the same salaries for-
merly paid to Americans for the same service, it is very safe to say that
when the final substitution of Filipinos takes place the government
80 RBPOBT OP THE PHIMPPINB COMMISSION.
of the Philippine Islands will be the most expensive government in
the world.
Notwithstanding the high salaries that are paid to Americans, the
service is constantly drained of its employees by private concerns and
private enterprises. During the preceding fiscal year great diflSculty
has been encountered in obtaining and retaining civil engineers and
stenographers and typewriters. This is due to several causes, but
principally to the fact that the entrance salaries now offei-ed here are
but little higher than those offered during the past few years for simi-
lar work in the United States. This is especially true with reference to
engineers, some of whom are now earning in Panama, Cuba, and the
United States from $4,000 to $6,000 a year,' whereas the salaries
allowed to the same men in the Philippine service was only $2,500
per annum.
With a view to filling provincial treasurerships with competent and
capable Filipinos an assistant provincial treasurer examination was
given in February and May of the present year. Comparatively few
competitors presented themselves, however, and it is evident that the
process of substitution in this branch of the government service will
be slow.
Permanency of the service. — Constant changes in the public service
defeat to some extent the objects of the civil-service law, whose prin-
cipal purpose is to give permanency of tenure and to retain in the
public service those whose capacity, efiiciency, and experience are the
best guarantees that the government work will be efficiently per-
formed. Heretofore it can not be said that the civil service has been
wholly successful in securing to subordinate employees and officials
that tenure of office which is the best security for good government.
That this permanency has not been secured is due to no fault of the
civil-service administration or of civil-service laws or rules, but rather
to circumstances over which neither the civil-service bureau nor the
government has had much control. American officials and employees
have rarely made up their minds to cast their fortunes definitely with
the Philippines or to make governmental service in the Tropics ?i
career. Many of those who in the beginning were so minded, due to
ill health of themselves or their families, or the longing to return to
friends and relatives, changed front and preferred to return to the
homeland, there to enjoy life at half the salary in the environment to
which they were accustomed. Filipino officials and employees, it is
true, have not the same temptations as their American brothers to
leave the service, and in time the vacancies caused by separation of
Americans will be filled by Filipinos. Meanwhile, however, until
Filipinos have been prepared to fill such vacancies, the service must
suffer, and suffer severely, for lack of trained and qualified personnel.
The difficulty is not only a temporary one, but one which will confront
the service for some time to come. Recognition of merit, promotion
REPORT OP THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL. 81
without favoritism, impartial and just treatment, and the security
that no oflScial will be removed from office for light or trivial causes,
will, of course, retain in the service many capable, able, and experi-
enced Americans and Filipinos, but not all required by the govern-
ment in order to secure the best results. That which operates prob-
ably more than anything else to induce good men drawing good
salaries to abandon the service, whether American or Filipino, is the
knowledge that they have nothing to look forward to when broken
health or old age shall have rendered them valueless to the govern-
ment.
Nearly all European governments make some provision for the
retirement, after a certain number of years' service, of faithful public
servants when incapacitated by ill health or old age for further work.
The undersigned favors the pensioning on three-quarter pay of all
civil officers and employees after forty years of service, or on one-half
pay when retired from the service by reason of ill health which dis-
qualifies them for further duty. It is true that in the present condi-
tion of the treasury the establishment of a pension and retirement
system would be attended by some financial difficulties. In view of
the fact, however, that fully thirty years must elapse before any pen-
sion for length of service would accrue, and of the further fact that
retirements from the service by reason of permanent incapacity to
render further service will be comparatively few, it is possible that a
pension and retirement law might be passed at this time.
For further and more complete details of the operations of the
bureau of civil service reference is hereby made to the report of the
director of civil service which is hereto annexed, marked " Exhibit
No. 1," and made a part hereof.
EXECUTIVE BTTBEATT.
PERSONNEL OF THE BUREAU.
In January of the present year the chief clerkship of the executive
bureau was- abolished and a new division was created, known as the
"law division." Mr. Thomas Gary Welch, chief clerk, was made
chief of the law division, and Mr. Harry E. Laughlin, the law clerk,
was made chief of the administration division. The duties formerly
exercised by the chief clerk were distributed among the various chiefs
of division, the largest measure falling to the second assistant execu-
tive secretary. The law division assumed all the duties which there-
tofore had been performed by the law clerk and his assistants. In
addition to his other duties, the chief of the law division prepares for
submission to the Commission drafts of proposed legislation, and
makes a special examination of all legal questions affecting the
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 6
82 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
administration of provinces and municipalities, submitting to the
executive secretary his conclusions and recommendations.
Appropriations for the 7 private secretaries to the members of the
Philippine Commission are now carried under the headings " Execu-
tive " and " Philippine Commission," and are no longer charged to
the executive bureau.
On June 80 the personnel of the bureau consisted of the executive
secretary, assistant executive secretary, second assistant executive
secretary, supervisor of land assessments, recorder of the Commission,
6 chiefs of division, 1 assistant chief of division, 97 clerks, 34 mes-
sengers, 2 special employees, 1 janitor, 1 watchman, and 14 laborers.
Of this force, 43 are Americans and 118 Filipinos. The clerical force
is made up of 31 Americans and 66 Filipinos.
CONVENTION OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS.
CdU of the convention. — On the 22d of September, 1906, the gov-
ernor-general called a convention of provincial governors, to be held
at Manila on the 1st of October following.
Representation. — The convention met at 9 o'clock a. m., on the day
appointed, with 29 provincial governors present and ready for the
transaction of business. The provinces represented in the conven-
tion were Albay, Ambos Camarines, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet,
Bohol, Bulacan, Capiz, Cavite, Cebu, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo,
La Laguna, Leyte, La Union, Mindoro, Misamis, Negros Occidental,
Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Samar,
Sorsogon, Surigao, Tarlac, and Tayabas.
Election of offtcers. — ^The Hon. Sergio Osmefia, provincial gov-
ernor of Cebu, was elected chairman of the convention, and Senor
Gregorio Nieva, of the staff of the executive bureau, was selected as
secretary.
Matters submitted to the convention. — Among other matters sub-
mitted to the convention of provincial governors and considered by
it were (1) the proposed new election law covering the election of
representatives to the assembly and of provincial and municipal offi-
cials, (2) the areas of land under cultivation in the various prov-
inces, (3) the amount of indebtedness and industrial conditions of
the farming communities, (4) the land tax, (5) the relations of the
constabulary force to provincial and municipal governments, (6) the
construction of roads, (7) the financial condition of provincial gov-
ernments, (8) the best method of disseminating information among
the people concerning contagious diseases and their avoidance, (9)
the improvement of sanitary conditions, and (10) the necessity for
economy in municipal expenses.
Reconvmendatians of the convention. — ^Many amendments to the
proposed election law were submitted to the Commission by the con-
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL. 88
vention, practically all df which were accepted save those which
appeared to be in conflict with the act of Congress of July 1, 1902.
With the exception of the amendments suggested by the convention
to the proposed election law, the most important recommendation
made by the convention was that which involved the election, instead
of the appointment, of a majority of the provincial board. The pro-
posed alteration in the method of selecting a majority of the members
of the provincial board met the approval of the Commission. In
practice it was found that the division superintendent of schools
could not act as a member of the provincial board without prejudic-
ing the interests of education in the province, and as there seemed to
be no good reason why the organized provinces should not enjoy the
same measure of autonomy as that conceded to the municipalities, the
Commission so amended the provincial government act as to permit
of the election of the provincial governor and a third member of the
provincial board by popular vote. The provincial board as now con-
stituted is composed of a provincial governor and third member
elected by the people and of a provincial treasurer appointed by the
governor-general with the approval of the Commission. The third
member may be required to perform the duties of provincial treasurer
and any other ministerial duties designated by the provincial board.
While on duty the third member is entitled to such compensation as
may be fixed by the provincial board, such compensation to be, how-
ever, not less than P5 nor more than ^15 for each day of actual
attendance.
On the reconmiendation of the provincial governors Uie position of
provincial secretary was abolished, in the interest of economy, and the
duties of that position were transferred to the office of the provincial
governor.
The convention recommended that provinces be authorized :
(a) To make loans to municipal governments in amounts not to
exceed 5 per cent of the assessed value of the real property within the
municipalify, interest on such loans not to exceed 3 per cent per
anhum.
(b) To provide for the payment of medical attendance, transpor-
tation, and hospital fees of unclassified employees and laborers dis-
abled as a result of injuries received in the line of duty, and to pay,
in the discretion of the board, compensation to such employees and
laborers for a period not exceeding ninety days. In case of the death
of imclassified employees or laborers as the result of injuries received
in the service it was recommended that provincial boards be per-
mitted to allow reasonable funeral expenses.
(c) To appropriate out of the road and bridge fund moneys for
the removal of obstructions to navigation, and for the erection and
84 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
maintenance of wharves, piers, and docks in accordance with plans
and specifications furnished by the buredu of public works.
(d) To make, subject to the approval of the governor-general, such
appropriations out of general funds as may be necessary to promote
the prosperity and welfare of the province.
It appearing to the Commission that provincial governments, under
certain limitations, ought to be permitted to come to the relief of
municipal governments within their confines; that some provision
should be made for the benefit of employees and laborers injured in
the provincial service; that the erection and maintenance of wharves,
piers, and docks was necessary to give to highways and roads their
highest usefulness; and that a wider authority might be given to pro-
vincial boards to expend, under executive approval, general funds, the
provincial government act was amended accordingly. The neces-
sity of the approval of the governor-general is the check on expendi-
tures made for purposes other than those specified in the provincial
government act as amended.
Governors Sergio Osmeiia, of Cebu; Manuel Quezon, of Tayabas,
and Jaime 6. de Veyra, of Leyte, were appointed a committee by the
governor-general to remain in Manila until further orders for the
purpose of compiling and arranging in proper and convenient form
for consideration the resolutions of the convention of provincial gov-
ernors, and for the further purpose of furnishing such information
concerning the recommendations submitted as might be required by
the Commission.
THE LAND TAX.
Suspension of the land tax. — In view of the unanimous recom-
mendation of the provincial governors and of the further fact that
it was claimed that agriculture had not recovered from the effects of
the war and the loss of cattle, the land tax was suspended for the
calendar year 1907, and 60 per cent of the sum which in the absence
of such suspension would have accrued to the various provinces either
has been or will be paid out of insular funds. The net result of this
arrangement was a loss to the provinceb of 50 per cent of their land-
tax revenue.
Without the land tax local governments would soon be in a very
deplorable financial condition. Indeed, the loss of 50 per cent of the
land-tax revenue so embarrassed several provinces that during the
year they petitioned for permission to impose and collect the tax.
These petitions were denied, first, because it would have, been impossi-
ble to complete the new assessment in time; second, because the legis-
lation required would have been special ; and, third, because it was
deemed advisable that provincial governments should be placed face
BEPOBT OF THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL. 85
to face with the difficulties which would result from a permanent
suspension of the land tax and brought to a realization of the fact
that the land tax would have to be maintained or some other system
of taxation substituted for it. The lesson was a very bitter one to
many provincial governments, not so bitter, however, as to completely
prevent agitation for a further suspension during the year 1908. For
more than five years the Philippine Commission was constantly pre-
sented to the people as the bad partner who was responsible for the
imposition and the maintenance of the hated land tax, the so-called
burden on agriculture. During the fiscal year 1907 the Commission
felt that it was no longer bound to endure the burden of criticism
which it had sustained for many years purely and solely in the inter-
est of local governments, and accordingly it transferred to provincial
boards some, if not all, of the responsibility of continuing or sus-
pending a tax which had no other purpose than that of aiding in the
support of provincial and municipal governments. As resolutions for
the suspension of the land tax must be adopted prior to the 1st of
December in each year the power was reserved to 'the governor-gen-
eral to suspend the tax on his own motion in case some great disaster
or misfortune occurring subsequent to that date should render suspen-
sion necessary. The provincial boards of Cebu and Iloilo have
adopted resolutions suspending the tax for the calendar year 1908.
The provinces of Ambos Camarines, Batangas, and Ilocos Sur failed
or refused to suspend the tax prior to December, and then through
the provincial governors sought to ^induce the governor-general to
suspend the tax of his own motion. In the absence of^a resolution
requesting a suspension the executive declined to intervene in the
matter or to assume a responsibility which properly belonged to the
provincial board.
Some twenty years ago there was a very large delinquent tax list
resulting from the failure to pay the land tax. During the two years
of suspension, however, this list has been very considerably dimin-
ished and it would seem certain that before the end of the present
year the entire land tax list will be cleared up without resorting to
sale of landed property.
New assessment of real estate, — The new assessment of real estate
authorized by act No. 1455 has been completed. Taking into con-
sideration that few parcels of land have been carefully surveyed,
that the majority of landed proprietors have very indefinite ideas as
to the area of their property, that titles have not been perfected, and
that descriptions and documents showing or tending to show title
are vague and indefinite, the work of reassessment has been as well
performed as could be expected.
86 BEPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
On May 1, 1907, the work of assessment by local boards of assessors
and provincial boards of tax appeals had progressed so far that the
central equalizing board was able to commence its duty of revising,
reviewing, and equalizing the assessment rolls. The central equaliz-
ing board visited all the provinces for the purpose' of hearing appeals
from decisions of provincial boards of tax appeals and of equalizing
the valuations fixed. But few reductions or increases were made by
the equalizing board in the schedules of valuation adopted by pro-
vincial boards. Although the valuations are lower than those origi-
nally prevailing, the total assessed valuation in many of the provinces,
if not the whole archipelago, will be greater than that of the first
assessment. This is in large part due to the fact that many parcels
previously assessed have been found of larger area than that declared,
and that many parcels of land never before assessed have been dis-
covered and included in the assessment rolls. The most bitter oppo-
nents of the land tax are the proprietors of large estates who are
unable to cultivate the entire area owned by them and are therefore
naturally opposed' to a tax based upon valuation rather than upon
income.
PROVINCIAL FUNDS.
Provincial receipts and disbursements. — The revenue of the vari-
ous provinces of the archipelago for the fiscal year 1907 amounted to
^2,679,255.80, and miscellaneous receipts to the sum of ^=1,473,418.93,
01* a grand total of ^4,052,674.73, which represents the total amount
received by the provinces during the fiscal year. There was in the
treasuries of the provinces on July 1, 1906, the sum of ^1,961,219.64,
being the balance unexpended at the end of the fiscal year 1906. The
grand total, made up of the receipts for the fiscal year 1907 and of the
balance on hand at the end of the fiscal year 1906, was ^,013,894.37.
This does not include the sum of Pfs. 27,757.44, Mexican and Span-
ish-Filipino currency, on hand in the various provincial treasuries
on the 1st of July, 1906, or the sum of Pfs. 47,018.71, Mexican and
Spanish-Filipino currency, received by such treasuries during the
fiscal year 1907. The total expenditures of all the provinces for pro-
vincial purposes, exclusive of miscellaneous credits, were ^3,703,-
415.03. The miscellaneous credits amounted to ?262,670.43. The
total expenditures, inclusive of miscellaneous credits, were ^3,966,-
086.46, and the balance on hand in the provincial treasuries on the
80th of June, 1907, was 1P2,047,808.91. The expenditures and mis-
cellaneous credits just mentioned do not include the sum of Pfs.
69,393.53, Mexican and Spanish-Filipino currency, turned into the
insular treasury. The sum of f^,047,808.91, balance on hand June
30, 1907, does not include the sum of Pfs. 5,382.62, Mexican and
Spanish-Filipino currency, on hand in the provincial treasuries at
the end of the fiscal year 1907.
RBPOBT OF THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL.
87
The following table will show in detail the revenues and miscel-
laneous receipts of the provincial governments during the fiscal year
1907, and the expenditures and miscellaneous credits of the provinces
for the same period :
Provfndal.
' Mexican and
Philippine I SpanlBh-FlU-
cniTsncy. plno cur-
rency.
DKBIT8.
Balance July 1. 1906 *-.
Bsvenoes:
An provincial—
Refflatry of property
Mlninr fees ■
Rental of provincial property
Priaon labor
Faree provincial launches
Medical oertlflcates. act No. 810.— -
Bay-San Pablo toll road
Franchise tax, act No. 887
Fees Justice of the peace* act No. 1308 _
Road tax. act No. 1398 _ _
Fees provincial sheriff, act No. 176_
Various taxes pertaining exclusively to the Moro Province..
Oustoms (Moro).
Oustoms arrestre plant Jolo, act No. 143sS (Moro)
Miscellaneous
Joint provincial, municipal—
Oedulas, act No. 83
Oart
Land. 1005 and previous years
Industrial
Daet franchise, act No. llll_-
Franchise tax, act No. 1803
AH municipal-
Cattle registration, non-Christian Inhabitants
Interaal revenue—
Oedulas. act No. IIW
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189
Non-Christian portion.
Township and settlement portion
Oedulas, act No. 118»-
Non-Chrlstlan portion
Township and settlement portion
Opium certificates, act No. 1481. township and settlement por-
tion.
Weights and measures, act No. 1519
Total revenues-.
MiiceUanoous receipts:
Payments to provlnoes—
Insular payment in lieu of land tax. acta Nos. 146& and 1579
Oongresslonal relief, act No. 1408 « '
School building funds, act No. 1275 j
General provincial purposes, act No. 1527
Insular payment In lieu of land tax, act No. 1475.. '
Belief for municipality of Mavltac, act No. 1S27
Cancellation of loans, act No. 1881
Bagulo-Trlnadad road appropriation ,
General provincial purposes, act No. 1300
Loans to provinces — .'
Bepayment of loans by municipalities
Public contributions school building fund, act No. 1275...,
Public contributions Tarlac dike fund 1
Sale of rice. Congressional relief '
Sale of galvanized iron, Oongresslonal relief |
Toi expenditures— '
Provincial funds, general purposes, refund cost tax sales
Tabaco-LIgao road fund, roads and bridges, refund perma-
nent equipment
Oongresslonal relief fund, general purposes, refund perma-
nent equipment
Exchanges of currency -
Total miscellaneous receipts.
Total debits
Ptt09.
1,981,219.81
Pf*.
27,707.44
20.040.71 '
2,578.00
6,408.87 I _
9,014.68
850.53
12.00
510.26
10.82
1,010.89
81,882.00
87.44
98,874.85
389,029.89
8,087.98
5,185.84 '
5,230.40
85.840.54
247,745.28
80.51
118.18 I
88.07
8.89
kOO I
905,047.00
782,094.88
21,488.02
81,289.92
2,888.00
44.50
6.00
189.84
2,579.265.80 |
8.09
882,078.88 '_.
44,800.00 ..
88,600.00 -
118.880.00 ..
8.928.04 ..
821.87 ..
2.000.00 ..
1,308.35 '
348.16 1-
248.000.00 '..
34.325.85 ..
42.811.79 -
2.252.75 ..
5.931.18 -
221.29 -.
1.083.17 „
312.00 ..
101.00
68,121.18
47.010.(
1,478,418.98 | 47.010.02
8,018,894.37
74,776.15
88
BEPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Provincial.
Philippine
corrency.
Mexican and
Spanish-Fili-
pino cor-
rency.
OBBDITS.
Expendl tares:
Provincial funds—
Oeneral purposee—
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
Repairs and construction of buildings
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment-,
Clerk of court fees
Sheriffs' fees
Feeding prisoners. —
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales — -.
Postage, mall and telegrams
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridged-
Labor and material _
Permanent equipment - '-
Purchase of land— — _-
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of bridges
Rentals for buildings
OfHce supplies
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land ~
MIscellaneouB; _ —
Congressional relief funds—
Oeneral purposes-
Repairs and construction of buildings
Postage, mall and telegrams
Miscellaneous _
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Schools— Repairs and construction of buildings
Congressional relief fund, act No. 1406—
General purposes-
Repairs and construction of buildings
Permanent equipment _ -
MIsQcllaneous
Roads and bridges— Labor and materlaL
Tarlac dike fund, act No. 1406—
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment _
Bay-San Pablo road fund, act No. 1617—
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material— —
Permanent equipment
School building fund, act No. 1275—
Schools-
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land.. - -
Miscellaneous '
Tabaco-LIgao road fund, act No. 1260—
Roads and bridges— labor and material..
Special road fund, act No. 147S— I
Roads and bridges— labor and material
School fund, aot No. 160»- • I
Schools-
Repairs and construction of buildings |
Permanent equipment
Miscellaneous J
School building fund, act No. 1564— i
Schools-
Repairs and construction of buildings '
Permanent equipment
Non-Christian inhabitants' fund-
General purposes-
Salaries of employees
Miscellaneous
Schools-
Salaries of employees
PewoM.
586,929.57
803,976.40
209,700.42
.m,834.98
27,660.01
53,406.11
111,003.24
139.824.28
26,401.52
142,270.09
25,530.39
8.843.00
Pf8,
Repairs and construction of buildings..
Miscellaneous
46,255.40
186,007.67
.'306,484.72
60.630.46
125.00
87,014.74
19.536.34
27.476.45
1,068.36
14,946.77
5.830.39
17,983.79
5,236.40
27.92
266.78
34.929.39
664.42
5,428.32
1,661.37
19.96
7.805.85
747.17
20.401.84
4,702.27
1.446.82
829.44
218.966.24
14.80
854.04
3.895.00
10.326.54
997.62
4.781.47
11.824.76
26.18
61.58
19,888.67
166.43
66.72
192.65
265.00
61. SO
814.24
181.65
BEPOBT OF THE OOVEBKOB-OBNBKAL.
89
OBKDiTS— continued.
gxpendltqrBB Oonttoned
Township and settlement f und>-
General purposes-
Salaries ol employees
Repairs and construction of buildings
Miscellaneous
Boads and bridges— labor and material
Schools— salaries of employees
Boad and bridge and public work fund, act No. 1399—
General purposes— Repairs and construction of bnlldlncs
Boads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Schools- Repairs and construction of buQdings
Provincial building fund, act Ko. 1416—
General purposes—
Repairs and construction of buHdinga
Permanent equipment
School assistance fund, act No. 707—
Schools— Salaries of employees
Special provincial building fund-
General purposes— Repairs and construction of buOdings...
VUlaverde trail fund-
Roads and bridges— Labor and material
Provincial launch fund, act No. 1478—
General purposes— Permanent eqtdpment..
Provincial.
Philippine
currency.
Industrial and agricultural school fund, act No. 1801—
Schools— Repairs and construction of buildings
Oongressional relief fund Gandara VaDey—
Schools— Repairs and construction of buildings
Total expenditures.
Mlndlaneous credits:
Allowanoee under section 42, act No. 1402
Loans to municipalities
Repayments of loans to insular government
Payment to municipality, for cancellation loans __
Payment to municipality from congressional relief fund
Transfer to township and settlement fund ~
Exchanges of currency
Transfer to municipal fund from rancherlas fund
Payment to township from township and settlement fund
Allowance for losses, act No. ie08
Advances to customs officers (Moro)
Advances to customs offlosrs arrastre plant (Moro)
By revenue, Joint provinclal-munldpal stamps previous years..
Refund unexpended balance appropriation, act No. 1306
Total miscellaneous credits
Balance June 80, 1907
Total credits _ •— -
Peaot.
1,964.00
176.67
48.95
2.825.00
244.00
20,561.71
12,821.44
.45
408.90
15,185.56
96.50
1,820.24
6,067.26
2,610.68
1,616.42
7S.46
1,790.13
Mexican and
Spanish-Fili-
pino cur-
rency.
P/#.
8,706,415.06
181.66
440.67
82.600.00
88,220.86
2,000.00
7.90O.0O
10.856.68
86,157.06
82.00
800.00
948.74
81,263.28
1,500.00
40.82 ,
1.60
III
_-
—
"e»^7Te2
::::
""'iwlM
262,670.43
69,211.1
2.047,808.91 |
6,882.68
6.013,894.37
74.776.16
Deposits of provincial funds, — Experience has shown that a con-
siderable sum on hand in the various provincial treasuries at the
end of each fiscal year might have been safely deposited on time
deposit with government depositories and returned to the channels of
trade and commerce until required for current provincial expenses or
public works. Such sums are now deposited with the government
depositories and accomplish the double purpose of earning interest
for the benefit of the provinces and of aiding the circulation of money
among the people. Notwithstanding the reduced revenues of provin-
cial governments, due to the suspension of the land tax and the
reimbursement of only 50 per cent thereof out of insular funds, it was
90 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE GOMMISSIOK.
found possible during the fiscal year 1907 to deposit with government
depositories at 3^ per cent per annum the sum of ^1,580,050 belong-
ing to the provinces. The additional income derived by provincial
governments from such deposits is the sum of ^55,817.50 per annum.
Officials have become more familiar with the system and can now so
distribute their deposits that they will fall due at convenient times
for the purpose of meeting provincial expenses. It is expected that
during the fiscal year 1908 the deposits will reach the sum of about
f^jOOOjOOO which will probably add about ^0,000 per annum to
provincial funds.
Economies in salary expenses. — ^During the fiscal year 1907 it was
suggested that one fiscal might, without undue difficulty, do duty in
two provinces instead of one, as has been the practice in the past, and
that the position of fiscal for some of the provinces might be wholly
abolished and an assistant attorney from the attomey-general's office
detailed to perform the duties formerly imposed on the fiscal. It
was also found that in many of the smaller provinces the offices of
clerk of the court and clerk to the provincial governor might be con-
solidated, in the interests of economy and to the advantage of the
service. Since the termination of the fiscal year 1907 many of these
reforms have been carried into effect, resulting in a substantial
reduction of provincial expenses.
MUNICIPAL FUNDS. /
Municipal revenues during the calendar year for general purposes
amounted to W,755,408.98, and for school purposes to the sum of
^24,829.70. Miscellaneous receipts of mimicipalities for general
purposes amounted to the sum of 7^11,145.39, and for school pur-
poses to the sum of 1P840,222.54. The balance on hand January 1,
1906, to the credit of the general fund was ^606,047.02, and to the
credit of the school fund ^447,550.96. The revenues and miscella-
neous receipts of municipalities for the calendar year 1906 do not in-
clude the sum of Wl,414.36 to the credit of the cemetery fund. The
expenditures of municipalities out of the general fund for munici-
pal purposes, exclusive of miscellaneous credits, were ^,731,409.66,
for school purposes, ^1,078,632.40, and for cemeteries, ^09.80. In
addition, there were expended out of the general fund as miscella-
neous credits ^150,874.52, and out of the school fund as miscellaneous
credits P28,414.56. The total expenditures of municipal govern-
ments for the calendar year 1906 out of general funds, inclusive of
miscellaneous credits, were W,882,284.18, and out of the school fund
^1,107,046.96. The balance on hand in municipal treasuries
on Decembei 31. 1906, to the credit of the general fund was
BEPORT OP THE GOVEBNOB-GENERAL.
91
^1,090,317.21, tx) the credit of the school fund, ^805,556.24, and to
the credit of the cemetery fund, 1^10,805.06.
The following table will show in detail the revenues and miscella-
neous receipts of municipalities during the calendar year 1906, and
their expenditures and miscellaneous credits during the same period :
DXBIT8.
Balance January 1, 1900
BaVentMs:
Internal revenue—
Befund from Insular treasurer, act No. 1189..
Oedulas. act No. 118».
Licenses, act No. 118»
Opium certificates, act No. 1481
Joint proylnclal and municipal—
Oart
Land, 1905 and previous years.
Industrial tax
Municipal-^
Fisheries..
Cattle registration
Bents, proflts, and privileges
Licenses
Fines
Sales ol estrays
Miscellaneous
Cemetery..
Propoty tax
Oedulas—
Act No. 83
Act No. 1397
Stamp tax (Spanish)
Forestry, 1904
Franchise tax-
Act No. UU
Act No. 1112
Building permit (Moro)
Latrine (Moro)
Frontage (Moro)
Street cleaning (Moro)
Total revenues
Miscellaneous receipts:
Insular payment la Heu of land tax, act No. 1455
Insular payment In lieu of land tax, act No. 1475 — .
Loans from province
Transfers _
Special appropriation, act No. 1527 *
Police aid fund, act No. 681 _.
Public contributions Tarlac Dike —
Allotment township and settlement fund
School assistance fund, act No. 797
Insular aid to schools, resolution CommissIoD, January
15. 1906 t.
Received from Insular Government, act No. 1416
Total miscellaneous receipts..
Total debits
CRiorrs.
General
fund.
. School
fund.
Cemetery
fund.
r>606,047.0a
733,218.21
823.888.82
238.601.78
30,813.00
32,566.14
224.693.76
383.68
129,211.77
251.390.46
652.682.09
349.071.89
219,572.84
32.319.16
12,325.71
F>447,660.96 i
861.808.00 !
.L,
256,746.89 I
15.775.06
7.106.97
546.00
13.69
6,274.81
, rio,a99.8«
955.57
219.65
1,820.55
3.00
1.091.04
2.063.57
58^.10
3.755.406.96 | 624,829.70 10.899.38
I
676,078.85
5,45.3.61
10,574.00
1,427.47
12,374.66
086.00
450.80
800.00
690,757.56
8,453.63
8,800.00
116,385.88
515755
18.877.68
:::::~::i:
250.00
611,145.39 1 840.222.54
515.00
4.972.601.39 1,912.608.20 11.414.36
t
846.446.11
Expenditures :
Salaries of officials _. 884.207.70
Salaries of employees u _ 1 719,340.60
Salaries and maintenance of police ^.. 1,035,814.59
Furniture^ office supplies, etc t-i 202,495.74 27,982.08
Rent _ 41,292.89
Construction, repairs, and improvements 461.789.63 I 151,101.20 ' — —
Street lighting. ! 62,350.10 I
MlsceUaneous : 320.323.18 j 52.550.68
Cemetery ^ - i 609.80
OoDstnxetlon. repairs, and Improvements, act No. 1527— 3,756.23 ] '
School assistance fund, act No. 797 1,552.33
Total expenditures ' 3.731,409.66 1.078,632.40
609.30
92
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
General
fund.
School
fond.
Ooneterr
fund.
0BXDIT8— <!ont!naed .
MieodlaneonB credits:
Bepaym«nt of loana to proylT>ce ..... _ . .
26.858.85
116.000.86
4.600.qD
I.OUO.OO
2,024.81
90.50
11.844.20
1,427.47
16,000.00
642l»"
Translera
Payment to province-
Act No. 1275 ,„._..... _ ^ _.-._. ..
TariacDIkeL.
Loaees. section 41, act No. 1402 -
Losses, section 42. act No. 1402
Total rntfiAAllAnAOtin pti^Ma
160.874.62
28.414.56
"
Balance December 31. 1906
1,000,817.21
805.556.24
10,805.06
Total credits _...
4,072.601.80
1.912.603.20
11,414.36
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS IN MUNICIPALITIES.
Six years of experience proved to a demonstration that the
majority of municipal governments were disposed to expend ahnost
all the municipal revenues and receipts for salaries and wages and to
devote to public improvements and betterments little, if any, of the
taxes and contributions collected from the people. Careful invest!-'
gation of the expenditures of municipalities shows that out of 685
municipalities 88 expended the entire general fund for salaries and
not a single cent on permanent improvements. Sixty-three munici-
palities spent less than 1 per cent and 163 less than 10 per cent on
public works and betterments* In consequence of this state of affairs
the Commission felt itself obliged to curtail in fiome measure the
autonomy of municipalities in the expenditure of municipal funds,
and to limit the amount which municipalities of the various classes
might expend on salaries. This limit was fixed at 50 per cent for
municipalities of the first class, 60 per cent for municipalities of the
second class, 65 per cent for municipalities of the third class, and 76
per cent for municipalities 4Df the fourth cla^. The effect of this
limitation in expenditures for municipal salaries will be, first, to
oblige municipalities to expend some of the taxes and receipts col-
lected on public betterments, and, second, to permit of the separation
of many municipalities which were annexed to other municipalities
in the hope that more money might be available for public improve-
ments. Experience shows that notwithstanding the fusion of mu-
nicipalities either nothing or very insignificant sums were expended
on public works, and that the towns annexed to other municipalities
were practically abandoned to their own devices and received no
benefit whatever from the taxes paid by them.
CHANGES IN MUNICIPAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS.
During the fiscal year 21 new municipalities were created by
reconstituting municipalities which had been annexed to others.
Since the termination of the fiscal year 1907, twenty-eight additional
BBPOBT OF THE GOVEBNOp-GBNERAL. 98
municipalities have been reconstituted. During the fiscal year nine
municipalities were so combined with other municipalities as to
reduce the number of municipalities by four. Since the termination
of the fiscal year the number of municipalities has been reduced by
two. The total number of municipalities in existence on the date
of this report is 630.
For the purpose of establishing some form of government for the
mountain people of Cagayan and Lepanto-Bontoc the subprovinces
of Apayao in Cagayan and of Kalinga in Lepanto-Bontoc were
created. A new boundary between the subprovince of Amburayan
and the provinces of Ilocos Sur and La Union was established. The
province of Agusan has been carved out of the provinces of Misamis
and Surigao, and this new province in its turn has been divided into
the subprovinces of Butuan and Bukidnon. The creation of the
province of Agusan and the subprovinces of Butuan and Bukidnon
resulted from the fact that the people residing within the limits now
defined for the new province were either badly governed or received
but little attention from the provincial officials of Misamis and Suri-
gao. The province of Romblon was unable to maintain itself on the
revenues available for its support and was annexed to the province
of Capiz. The number of provinces is still 38. Seven of them, how-
ever, are governed under the provisions of the special provincial gov-
ernment act.
DISTRICT AUDITOR SYSTEM.
The lack of proper investigation of municipal accounts, and the
fact that the auditor's office in Manila could not make frequent and
careful examinations into the financial affairs of provincial govern-
ments, resulted in the establishment of the district- auditor system.
The islands have been divided into districts and to each district has
been assigned an auditor whose duty it is to make frequent examina-
tions, not only of the accounts of provincial treasurers, but also of
municipal treasurers. As a result illegal collections and expenditures
are now less frequent, and the expense of the system has been saved
many times over to taxpayers. In addition to the examination of
municipal and provincial accounts the district auditors are required,
within their respective jurisdictions, to report upon damaged, lost, or
surplus property of the insular government. The performance of
this duty by the district auditors has made possible the prompt dis-
patch of property inspections and has checked to a very considerable
degree the wasteful handling of government property. Property
when no longer needed by the department or bureau accountable for
it was frequently sold instead of being transferred to some other de-
partment or bureau in which it might have been used to advantage.
This unsatisfactory condition has been largely remedied by means of
94 RBPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
the district auditors, who, knowing to some degree the needs of the
various bureaus and departments of the government, are in a position
to recommend transfers rather than sales of public property.
GABLE TOLLS.
The total cable tolls paid by the government during the fiscal year
1907 amounted to ^=17,080.22, as compared with ^19,066.76 paid dur-
ing the fiscal year 1907.
FIBEARMS.
During the fiscal year a consistent and persistent effort has been
made to reduce the number of firearms in the hands of others than
peace officers of the government. The practice of arming municipal
police with rifles has also been discouraged, and municipalities not
exposed to raids or assaults by bandits or marauders have been
enjoined to arm their police with revolvers and clubs instead of a
weapon which is of but little use at close quarters and a positive
danger to the peaceful citizen if used in the centers of population.
Six hundred and seventy-eight new firearm permits were issued in
the provinces during the fiscal year just passed as compared with
1,005 issued during the fiscal year 1906. In addition to the 678 fire-
arm permits issued in the provinces 920 permits were issued for fire-
arms in the city of Manila. This is a very large number of permits,
but was due to the existence of authorized gun clubs and to the fact
that many of the citizens of Manila are fond of hunting. The num-
ber of permits issued in Manila during the fiscal year 1906 was 961.
The following table will show the number of new and renewed per-
mits issued, the number of permits outstanding June 30, 1907, the
number of permits canceled, the number of firearms lost, the number
of firearms destroyed by fire, and the number of bonds canceled :
Fiscal year ' Tfjiral year
1906. I«y7.
New permits toaned:
Provinces 1,005 878
Manila , 961 no
lienewed permits: |
Provinces 2,710 2,«18
Manila m S45
Permiti outstanding Jane 30: I
Provinces 3,750 8.847
Manila 1,555 1,050
Permits canceled:
Provinces '. 190 fi8f
Manila 335 515
Firearms lost and bonds forfeited: i
Provinces ' — l»
Manila — 2
Firearms lost, cases pending:
Provinces —
Manila.
Firearms destroyed by fire, bond canceled:
Provlnoes
Manila
BEPOBT OF THE GOVERN OB-GENEBAL. 96
TRANSPORTATION OF GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND EMFLOTEBS TO AND
FROM THE UNITED STATES.
Transportation on commercial liners at the government rate was
furnished to 412 government students, officials, and employees, exclu-
sive of their families. Two hundred and ninety-seven passengers
were transported on army transports at the request of the insular gov-
ernment. In addition to the government students, officials, and
employees carried on army transports and on commercial liners, 66
indigents, vagrants, and conditionally pardoned prisoners were trans-
ported to the United States at the expense of the insular government.
PARDONS.
The pardon committee appointed by Executive order No. 24, series
1906, examined during the fiscal year 1907 the antecedents and records
of 285 prisoners sentenced for bandolerismo, sedition, and insurrec-
tion. Conditional pardon was recommended in 108 cases, commutation
of sentence in 76, and denial of pardon or commutation in 101 cases.
During the year very considerable pressure has been brought upon the
executive to pardon municipal, provincial, and insular prisoners in
honor of some festal occasion or day of rejoicing. This is a survival
of the old Spanish practice. The executive has declined to grant pe-
titions on any such ground, for the reason that the establishment of
any such precedent would serve to create the belief that infractions of
the law were lightly regarded by the executive, and for the further
reason that any such exercise of power by the executive would finally
result in bringing into contempt both the legislative and judicial de-
partments of the government. The extent to which executive clem-
ency is sought may be realized when it is considered that during the
fiscal year 1907, 1,549 petitions for pardon were carefully investigated
and considered by the executive. The governor-general released 6
prisoners on parole, coinmuted the sentences of 110 prisoners, and
issued 321 pardons. Twenty-one hundred and thirteen cases were
under investigation or pending decision on June 30, 1907.
CHARGES AGAINST PROVINCIAL AND MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS.
During the fiscal year 1907 two provincial officials, both Americans,
were removed for cause, and during the same period charges against
182 justices of the peace, auxiliary justices of the peace, and munic-
ipal officials were investigated. Of the* 182 officials charged with
misconduct or neglect of duty 127 were found guilty and 55 acquitted.
Eighty of those found guilty were removed from office. The number
of officials tried and removed during the "year 1907 is lower than that
of any year since 1904. At the close of the fiscal year 69 cases
against municipal officers were pending before provincial boards and
96 RBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
none awaiting the action of the executive bureau. The number of
cases pending against justices and auxiliary justices of the pe^ice at
the close of the fiscal year can not be given. Such cases are now
handled by the judges of first instance. While the total number of
officers charged is greatly reduced, the charges for abuse of authority
greatly increased during the year 1907, as compared with the pre-
vious year. There were 100 charges of abuse of authority by munic-
ipal officials during the fiscal year just ended, as compared with 39
for the year 1906. It is thought that this does not show that there
were more abuses of authority in 1907 than in 1906, but rather that
the people are now more disposed to assert their rights and to
demand relief from abuses which they had theretofore endured in
silence.
ELECTIONS AND THE ELECTION LAW.
The general election law, — In view of the call for a popular
assembly it became necessary to pass proper legislation for the hold-
ing of the election for delegates thereto, and, as it was apparent that
the elections for delegates and for municipal and provincial officers
should finally be held on the same date, and that important changes
should be made in the manner and mode of electing municipal and
provincial officers, a general election law was prepared and submitted
to the Commission. The law as proposed was submitted to the con-
vention of provincial governors and also to public discussion. After
careful consideration of the recommendations of the provincial
governors and of the amendments suggested at the public hearing a
general election law was passed by the Philippine Commission on
January 9, 1907. Under this law an election for municipal officials,
provincial governors, third members of provincial boards, and dele-
gates to the assembly must be held on the first Tuesday after the
first Monday in November of each odd-numbered year. With the
exception of those elected at the first election held under the law,
provincial and executive municipal officers hold office for two years,
one-half the councilors being elected biennially for a four-year term.
Qualifications of voters. — Some criticism has been made of the
qualifications required of electors, and the claim has been made that
the qualifications for voters are far more stringent than those pre-
scribed in the United States. This criticism and claim would be
important if true. The fact is that the qualifications fixed for voters
are far more liberal in the Philippines than in any State of the
Union, except those granting the suffrage to all citizens of the United
States having the required residence in the State, district, and pre-
cinct. In Louisiana and South Carolina every voter must be able to
read a clause of the Constitution or own property to the value of
$300. In Massachusetts and Connecticut the elector must be able
BEPOBT OF THE GOVBBNOB-GBNBEAIj. 97
to read a clause of the Constitution without alternative, and in New
Hampshire he must be able to fill out his application for registry in
his own handwriting. In the Philippines any person 23 years of
age, a resident of the municipality for six months, and not a citizen
or subject of any foreign power may be a voter if he is the owner of
real estate worth P'SOO, or if he pays annually ^80 of the established
taxes, or if he speaks, reads, or writes either English or Spanish, or
if he held during Spanish rule the office either of municipal captain,
gobemadorcillo, alcalde, teniente de barrio, cabeza de barangay, or
member of an ayuntamiento. No person can be an elector in the
Philippines who is delinquent in the payment of taxes, or if he has
violated the oath of allegiance, or has been guilty of rebellion against
the United States since May, 1901, or had contributed to the same, or
if he has been deprived of the right to vote by the sentence of a com-
petent court.
Inspectors of election. — ^The general election law takes the regis-
tration of voters out of the hands of municipal authorities and places
it under the jurisdiction of a board of inspectprs composed of repre-
sentatives of the two political parties polling the greatest number of
votes at the previous election.
Restrictions. — ^Public officers must resign before they can become
candidates for election to any office other than the one held. Judges
of first instance, justices of the peace, provincial fiscals, and officers
and employees of the constabulary and of the bureau of education
are prohibited from taking any part in elections except to vote. This
restriction of the right of officials to become candidates for office or
to take part in elections is somewhat drastic, but it is very necessary
in the Philippines, in view of the fact that the mass of the people,
by reason of centuries of experience with a strongly centralized gov-
ernment, are inclined to be governed by the political opinions of the
official rather than by their own judgments.
Changes in provincial hoards. — Prior to the passage of the general
election law the provincial board was composed of a provincial gov-
ernor, elected by the municipal councilors and vice-presidents, and of
two nonelective officials, one of whom was the provincial treasurer.
Under the general election law two members of the provincial board,
namely, the provincial governor and the third member, are made
elective, and both are elected by popular vote instead of by the munici-
pal councilors and vice-presidents. This is one of the most important
changes accomplished in provincial governments by the new election
law.
Registration under the general election law. — The registration under
the general election law for the elections held on July 30, 1907, for
assemblymen, and the registration for the elections held for provin-
cial and municipal officials on the first Tuesday after the first Monday
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 7
98 BEPOBT OP THE PHIIilPPINE COMMISSION.
of November, passed off without friction in most of the municipalities
and provinces, and in general it may be said that the election boards
acquitted themselves creditably. In one province, that of Capiz^
gross frauds were perpetrated by corrupt boards, which registered
many persons who were not at all entitled to vote and refused to
register many others who were. These corrupt boards were promptly
investigated by a representative of the attorney-general's office, and
those engaged in perpetrating the frauds were prosecuted, found
guilty, and sentenced to imprisonment. The registration of voters
in the province of Mindoro was also very unsatisfactory. Indeed,
the provincial governor reports that in several municipalities of that
province " The sick, the lame, and the halt have had to be called upon
to help supply material for officials of election, and the electors have
even imported their candidate." The registration of voters in the
Batanes Islands and in the province of Palawan was also unsatisfac-
tory. In Mindoro only 622 votes were cast for delegate, and in Pala-
wan only 228.
Protested elections.-r-The elections for governors in the provinces
of Batangas, La Laguna, and La Union have been protested on the
ground of ineligibility and are awaiting the decision of the executive.
The elections for governors in the provinces of Cagayan, Capiz,
Cavite, La Union, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Bizal, Sorsogon, and
Tarlac have been contested for irregularities in holding the elections,
and these contests are now awaiting decision by the courts of first
instance. Unofficial notice has been received that the election for
governor in the province of La Union, contested on the ground of
irregularities, has been resolved in favor of the governor-elect by
the court. Contests in the election of municipal officials to the num-
ber of 112 have been filed in the various courts of first instance. In
10 of the cases the elections have been annulled, in 38 the elections
have been sustained, and 64 cases are awaiting trial and decision.
LAWS OP THE MORO PROVINCE.
Thirty-six certified copies of laws of the Moro Province were re-
ceived by the recorder and presented to the Commission for approval
in accordance with section 32 of the Moro government act (No. 787).
Thirty-three of the laws so presented were approved by the Com-
mission. Three were made the subject of correspondence with the
provincial governor and were subsequently withdrawn by the legisla-
tive council of the Moro Province.
AGRICUIiTURAL CONDITIONS.
Rice. — ^The rice crop in the provinces of Abra, Albay, Antique,
Batangas, Benguet, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, La Laguna, Mindoro,
Nueva Ecija, Palawan, Pangasinan, Surigao, and Zambales was
BEPORT OF THE GOVERN OB-GENERAL. 99
excellent. The production of rice during the fiscal year 1907 in the
provinces of Abra, Albay, Batangas, Benguet, Cavite, La Laguna,
Xueva Ecija, Palawan, Pangasinan, and Surigao was especially
notable. In the province of Ambos Camarines the crop was almost
totally destroyed by , mice. In Bataan, Capiz, Iloilo, Lepanto-
Bontoc, Misamis, Pampanga, and Romblon much of the rice crop
was lost either for lack of rains or by reason of the ravages of locusts
and worms.
Abacci. — ^The production of abaca in the provinces of Ambos Cama-
rines, Antique, Batangas, Bohol, Capiz, and Samar was greater than
during the previous fiscal year. Due to the typhoon of 1905 the pro-
duotion of abaca in the provinces of Albay and Sorsogon during the
year 1907 was still somewhat short of normal. Samar, one of the
most important hemp-producing provinces, exported more hemp in
the fiscal year 1907 than during any year since American occupation.
The price of hemp has fallen from an average of f^O per picul to ^13
per picul. Inferior grades of hemp will in all probability command
lower prices than at any time since the war with Spain.
Copra and cocoanuts. — ^There was a noteworthy improvement in the
production of copra in Antique, Bohol, Capiz, Palawan', Pangasinan,
Romblon, and Samar. One hundred million five hundred thousand
cocoanuts were gathered in La Laguna Province, 63 per cent of which
were converted into copra. Locusts destroyed the product of 70,800
trees in Misamis. Nevertheless, the yield in that province was more
than that of the previous year.
Tobacco. — There was an increased production of tobacco in the
provinces of Nueva Ecija and Pangasinan. Due to the inundation of
the Cagayan valley during the year 1906, the crop of tobacco pro-
duced in the province of the same name was very much smaller than
that of previous years. The product in Hocos Norte and Iloilo was
less than during the previous year. The quality of the tobacco in the
provinces of Cagayan and Isabela has deteriorated considerably and
low prices have prevailed. Whether the tobacco has deteriorated as
a result of low prices or whether low prices have prevailed because
of the deterioration is a disputed question. I think it is fair to say,
however, that to some degree low prices have contributed to the de-
terioration, and that to some degree the farmer himself has brought
about low prices by producing bad tobacco and so impairing the
reputation of his product in Europe as to cause a substantial falling
off in the demand. For the purpose of improving the quality of the
tobacco the Commission has offered premiums to the small farmers
for the best quality of crop, for the best sorted crop, and for the best
sorted and best packed crop. It is expected that th^ offering of these
premimns and the internal-revenue regulations, which make it to
100 EBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
the interest of the farmer to properly sort and pack his crop, will
result in restoring the reputation of Philippine tobacco and in higher
prices for a better product. The lack of wrapper leaf in the Philip-
pine Islands has placed the local manufacturers at a great disadvan-
tage in competing with tobacco from the Dutch possessions.
• Sugar. — In the provinces of Abra, Batangas, Pangasinan, and
Zambales there was an increased production of sugar. These prov-
inces, however, are not large producers of sugar. In Bataan and
Pampanga the sugar crop was practically a failure. In Iloilo, Capiz,
and Occidental Negros, which are sugar-producing provinces on a
large scale, the production was somewhat less than normal, due to
low prices and the general discouragement of sugar planters.
• Maguey and sisal. — ^In Abra, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur,
Pangasinan, and Zambales there has been a great increase in the areas
planted and considerable enthusiasm over the results obtained. The.
prices of maguey, however, are less than during the fiscal year 1906.
Com. — There was an increased production of corn in Abra, Batan-
gas, Cagayan, La Laguna, and Zambales. In Misamis one-third of
the crop and in Antique the entire crop was destroyed by locusts.
Coffee. — ^Lepanto-Bontoc is probably the most important coffee-
producing province in the islands. Its crop this year, however, was
short. Batangas, which was once famous for its coffee, has aban-
doned further efforts to save its coffee plantations and is dedicating
itself to the uprooting of the trees and to the substitution of abaca
plants therefor.
Cacao. — ^Cacao is raised in many of the provinces, but in such small
quantities that it can not be considered a very important product of
the islands. It has a future, however, and the investment of capi-
tal in cacao plantations will develop a very lucrative and valuable
industry.
Garden truck and fruit. — ^The experimental station at Baguio has
proved that Irish potatoes, com, squash, cantaloupes, celery, parsnips,
tomatoes, pease, sweet potatoes, and string beans can be produced in
great perfection in the province of Benguet, and many of the native
peoples of that province are now devoting themselves to the raising
of garden truck and vegetables. The production of yams, peanuts,
melons, tomatoes, and mangoes was 50 per cent larger in Cavite than
during the year 1906.
DISEASES OF ANIMALS AND AGRICULTURAL FESTS.
Rinderpest and other cattle diseases worked considerable damage
in the provinces of Ambos Camarines, Antique, Bulacan, Cavite,
Ilocos Sur, La Union, Misamis, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija,
and Zambales.
SEPOBT OP THE GOVEBNOR-GBNERAIi. 101
Surra prevailed in the provinces of Bohol, La Union, Misamis,
Pampanga, and Zambales.
There was an outbreak of anthrax in Lepanto-Bontoc which car-
ried off some 400 cattle. Strict quarantine and other sanitary pre-
cautions checked the ravages of this disease, and there appears to be
no further danger that it will extend beyond the locality where it
first appeared. It seems that many years before there had been an
outbreak of anthrax at the same place at which anthrax made its
appearance in the year 1907. Veterinarians who have carefully
investigated the cause of the reappearance of the disease at this place
are of the opinion that the soil was infected beneath the surface, and
that the surface was reinfected by earthworms which made their
appearance in great numbers some few weeks before anthrax devel-
oped among the cattle.
Locu8ts^ worms, and insect pests. — ^Considerable damage was done
to the rice crop by worms in many of the provinces. In Antique,
Misamis, Occidental Negros, Oriental Negros, Romblon, and Masbate
there was a great plague of locusts. Locusts also appeared in Samar
but inflicted damage in only three or four municipalities.
Considering the provinces as a whole there was a decided better-
ment of agricultural conditions and a very decided increase in pro-
duction, especially in the rice producing provinces.
PUBLIC ORDER.
In the provinces of Ambos Camarines, Albay, Abra, Antique, Bohol,
Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, Leyte, Misamis,
Occidental Negros, Oriental Negros, Pangasinan, Pampanga, Rom-
blon, Surigao, Sorsogon, Tarlac, and Zambales crimes of violence
have been few and isolated, and it may be said that general peace
and tranquillity have reigned supreme during the entire year. In
Bataan the peace and good order of the province was broken but
once and that through the escape of some provincial prisoners, all
of whom, with the exception of two, were recaptured or killed
within a month after their flight. The only disturbance of the pub-
lic peace which occurred in Batangas was caused by the operations
of six or seven brigands near the boundary line of the provinces of
La Laguna and Tayabas. This band confined its operations to the
robbing and killing of laborers who were passing from one province
to another in search of work. With the exception of two, all the
members of this band have been captured. In Capiz there was no
disturbance of the public order save that caused in the municipality
of Tupas by brigands and cattle thieves, who commenced operations
after the removal of the constabulary post from that place. Com-
pared with the previous year, the number of assaults and robberies
committed in the province of Iloilo has greatly decreased. Brig-
102 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
andage, which has always existed in that province, is very much on
the wane, and by provincial officials and the constabulary it is con-
sidered as good as exterminated.
In Ilocos Norte during the month of July, 1906, two prisoners,
the Butardo brothers, who had just been released from Bilibid,
endeavored to organize in all the municipalities an armed uprising
against the constituted authorities. The plot was discovered by the
provincial governor and through his efforts, aided by the constabu-
lary, the plotters and their accomplices were captured, together with
their arms, ammunition, and incriminatory papers. In this con-
spiracy no person of social or political prominence was implicated.
With the exception of this conspiracy, which was " nipped in the
bud," it may be said that perfect good order has reigned in the
province of Ilocos Norte.
Since the death of Felizardo and the surrender of Montalon,
Sakay, Villafuerte, and De Vega in the months of April, May, and
July, 1906, there have been no disturbances in La Laguna, Rizal, or
Cavite.
In Nueva Ecija a band of carabao thieves and ladrones operated
during the months of May and June, 1907, but the capture of Nicolas
Gutierrez, the leader of the band, put a stop to its raids, assaults,
and mischievous activities.
In view of the fact that Samar had been very peaceful since the-
beginning of the calendar year the military were requested in the
month of September to suspend military operations. It is thought
that through the influence of the civil authorities and the coopera-
tion of the constabulary the capture or destruction of Otoy and the
few outlaws yet remaining in Samar can be accomplished without
the aid of the military. The people of Samar, with the exception
of Otoy and a small number of adlierents, have returned to their
usual avocations and pursuits. Otoy, however, is a constant menace
to peace and good order. Indeed, a resuscitation of disorder may
be expected should he be given an opportunity to settle down and
devote himself to inciting the fanaticism and playing upon the cre-
dulity of the ignorant people who live in the mountains or in their
vicinity.
In Leyte, Felipe Idos, the last pulahan of prominence, has sur-
rendered and has been tried and condemned by the court. Filipinos
and Americans all agree that Leyte has seen the last of pulahanism
and that no further disturbances of the public order may be expected.
The people of Lepanto-Bontoc have almost ceased head-hunting
and are growing more friendly to tlie government every day. The
secretary of the interior and the governor-general traveled through
this province without a guard and were received everywhere with
friendly demonstrations and expressions of good will.
BEPOBT OF THE GOVEBNOR-OENEBAL. 103
Under the able administration of Governor Bliss splendid prog-
ress has been made in bringing about orderly government among
the Moros and other non-Christians of the Moro Province. Espe-
cial attention is invited to the report of Governor Bliss, which is
included as an exhibit in the report of the executive secretary hereto
annexed and marked " Exhibit No. 2."
The condition of good order and peace existing in every part of
the archipelago at the writing of this report is very satisfactory.
That, however, does not mean that the Philippine Islands have seen
the last of organized bands of outlaws or of raids and assaults by
armed fanatics. Robo en cuadrilla and band robberies have been
in evidence so long that "the memory of man runneth not to the
contrary." Pulahanes, Babaylanes, Diosdios, Colorum, Guardias
de Honor, Santa Iglesias, and other fanatical organizations excited
disorder, raided towns, and destroyed life and property long before
the first American put foot upon the soil of the Philippines. Until
education shall have done its work with the mass of the people, until
enlightenment shall have made it impossible for the fanatic to play
• upon the superstition and credulity of the man of the fields, and until
the children of the humble workingman have been taught to think
for themselves and to realize that blind obedience to caciques is no
longer necessary for their personal safety, sporadic disturbances of
the public order may be expected which will be unimportant or
serious according to whether they are promptly checked or permitted
to gather headway.
The constabulary have made an excellent record in suppressing
lawlessness and maintaining good order in the provinces, and much of
their success in that behalf may be attributed to the friendly relations
maintained by them with the people and with provincial and munici-
pal officials. This good understanding is largely due to tactful and
prudent dealing with the people and with provincial and municipal
officials, and, above all things, to the fact that the constabulary force
as a body has come to regard itself as a civil and not a military
organization.
CONSULAR CORPS.
The consular representatives at the date of writing this report for
the different countries, residing in Manila, Iloilo, and Cebu, are shown
below:
MANILA.
Argentine Republic: Hon. Alberto Manigot, vice-consul of the Argentine Re-
public for Luzon, 12 Plaza Santa Ana, San Sebastian.
Austria :
Hon. P. Krafft,* Austrian-Hungarian consul (absent in Europe), 15 Nova-
liches, San Miguel.
Hon. Adolf Determann,'* acting Austrian-Hungarian consul, 15 Novaliches,
San Miguel.
« Consuls de Carriere.
104 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Belgium : Hon. Ch. Le Vionnois,^ consul for His Majesty, the King of the Bel-
gians, 167 Calle San Marcellno.
Brazil : Hon. M. Henry, consul for Brazil, 21 Plaza Moraga.
Chile : Hon. A. Malvehy, consul for Chile, 15 Marques de Comillas.
China: Hon. Su Yu-tchUj^* His Imperial Chinese Majesty's consul-general, 48
P. Calderon de la Barca.
Denmark : Hon. Francis Stuart Jones, acting consul for His Majesty, the King
of Denmark, 16 Carenero.
France :
Hon. F. L. M. Labrouche," consul for the Republic of France, 51 Calle
Soledad.
Count Leo Sieyes de Veynes, vice-consul for the Republic of France.
Germany: Dr. Franz Gruenenwald,* His Imperial Majesty the German Em-
peror's consul, 346 Real Malate.
Great Britain:
Hon. W. J. Kenny,** His Britannic Majesty's consul-general, 100 Anloague.
Hon. Hugh Horne,<» His Britannic Majesty's vice-consul, 100 Anloague.
Hon. J. N. Sidebottom,^ His Britannic Majesty's proconsul, 2 Carenero.
Italy : Hon. F. Reyes, consul for Italy, 59 Calle Norla. '
Japan : Hon. Shosuke Akatsuka,« His Imperial Japanese Majesty's consul, 776
Calle Iris, Quiapo.
Liberia : Hon. R. Summers, consul for Liberia, 68 Calle Herran, Malate.
Mexico : Hon. Jos6 Rosales, consul for Mexico, 15 Marques de Comillas.
Netherlands :
Hon. P. K. A. Meerkamp van Embden, consul for the Netherlands (absent),
227 Muelle de la Reina.
Hon. A. C. Crebas, vice-consul for the Netherlands (acting consul), 227
Muella de la Reina.
Nicaragua :
Hon. Trinidad Lacayo, consul for Nicaragua, 7 Calle Magallaues, Int.
Hon. Julio Danon, vice-consul for Nicaragua.
Norway: Hon. W. G. Stevenson, His Norwegian Majesty's consul, 310 Muella
del Rey.
Portugal : Hon. M. Osorio y Cembrano, Most Faithful Majesty's consul, 4 Calle
Olivares, Binondo.
Russia : Hon. F. L. M. Labrouche, acting consul for Russia, 51 Calle Soledad.
Spain :
Hon. Arturo Baldasano,** His Catholic Majesty's consul-general, 162 Calle
Allx.
Hon. C. Bargiela y Perez,« His Catholic Majesty's vice-consul-general, 350
Gral Solano.
Hon. Adelardo Fernandez Arias,<» His Catholic Majesty's vice-consul at
Manila.
Sweden: Hon. W. G. Stevenson, His Swedish Majesty's acting consul, 319
Muelle del Rey.
Switzerland :
Hon. E. Sprungli, consul for Switzerland (absent in Europe).
Hon. Jobs. Preisig, vice-consul for Switzerland (in charge during Sprungll's
absence), 95 Calle Noria, Quiaiw.
« Consuls de Carriere.
REPOBT OF THB GOVERN OB-QENEBAL. 105
ILOILO.
Great Britain: Hon. Talbot Knowles,* His Britannic Majesty's vice-consul at
Hollo, Iloilo.
Spain: Hon. Hilarion Gonzales del Castillo, His Catholic Majesty's consul,
Hoilo.
CEBU.
Great Britain: Hon. Charles Agustin Fulcher, His Britannic Majesty's vice-
consul, Cebu, Cebu.
FIRE LOSSES.
During the period from September 28, 1901, down to and includ-
ing June 30, 1907, 170 fires were reported to have occurred in the
Philippine Islands outside of the city of Manila. Twelve thousand
one hundred and forty-two buildings were destroyed by these fires
and a loss of more than ^5,700,000 inflicted.
In 1902 the town of Dumaguete suffered a loss by fire of f^00,000.
In 1904 Binan, La Laguna, suffered a loss of f1200,000. In 1905 the
city of Cebu suffered a loss of P2,000,000. In 1906 the town of Ta-
cloban, Leyte, suffered a loss of !P500,000. In 1907 the town of Laoag
suffered a loss of ^00,000.
From August 9, 1901, down to and including June 30, 1907, 893
fires occurred in the city of Manila, involving a loss of ^,782,504.80,
of which only !P571,586 was covered by insurance. The loss by fire
in the city of Manila during the fiscal year 1907 amounted to the sum
of ?^65,211, or about one-fourth of the entire loss caused to it by fire
since August 9, 1901. The total loss from fire in the Philippine
Islands from August 9, 1901, down to and including June 30, 1907,
is estimated at ^,500,000. Manila's loss represents about one-third
of this amount.
As a rule municipalities made no provision whatever for protection
against fires, and therefore the Commission by act No. 1733 required
the organization of a volunteer fire department in each municipality
not having a paid fire department. The bill provides that the police
force of such municipalities and such volunteers as may desire to en-
list will constitute the fire department of the municipality. The law
provides that the fire department shall drill at least once a week and
requires each municipality to furnish 24 buckets, 12 ladders of suit-
able lengths, 24 bolos, 12 axes, 1 two-man cross-cut saw, and such
other apparatus as may be found necessary for the purpose of combat-
ing and extinguishing fires. A volunteer fireman is exempt from the
cedula tax provided he has attended 75 per cent of all drills and fires
during the year and has drilled at least one hour at each drill attended.
For a further and more detailed report as to the operations of the
executive bureau and of the provinces and municipalities falling
under the jurisdiction of the governor-general, reference is hereby
made to the report of the executive secretary, which is hereto annexed,
made a part hereof, and marked " Exhibit No. 2."
« Consuls de Carriere.
106 BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
BTTBEAU OF AUDITS.
The report of the insular auditor as to the operations of his bureau
is not complete at this time and only covers the financial status of
provinces and municipalities. A reference to the report of the insu-
lar treasurer will, however, furnish full information as to the finan-
cial operations of the government and as to the condition of the
various funds with which that official is charged. The financial con-
dition of provinces and municipalities as reported by the insular
auditor has already been discussed in this report and in that of the
executive secretary, to which reference is hereby made.
The report of the insular auditor, when completed, will be annexed
to and made a part of this report and marked " Exhibit No. 3.'*
CITY OF MANILA.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND PUBLIC WORKS.
Streets. — ^The streets of the city of Manila have an extension of
146.5 kilometers and a total area of 1,360,354 square meters requiring
repair from time to time. Of the total street area 1,307,989 square
meters are macadamized, 17,433 square meters are paved with wooden
and 34,932 meters with granite blocks. The material used for ma-
cadamizing streets is secured by the city from its quarries on Talim
Island, Laguna de Bay.
Two steam rollers and one traction engine are employed on street
work. The daily cost of operating the traction engine is ^=21.99, and
the running expenses of each road roller amount to ^11.36 per day.
A careful account kept during the year shows that the cost of hauling
per ton-mile with the traction engine is 13 centavos as compared with
40 centavos per ton-mile by wagon.
One thousand four hundred and seventy-seven lineal meters of
curbing were constructed during the year at an average cost of ^1.80.
This work should be extended as the cost of maintenance of paved
streets is considerably reduced by curbing and guttering. Experi-
ence has demonstrated that the Australian wood block decays rap-
idly and that in the tropics it is a failure as a street paving. Experi-
ments with the native molave block show that it resists tropical
conditions and that it is better suited for paving purposes than other
wood thus far tried. Arrangements have been made for experiment-
ing with other Philippine woods, and it is hoped that for paving pur-
poses some wood cheaper than molave will be found, or, at all events,
that some native wood may be encountered which if treated with
creosote and resin will prove resistant to the decaying influences of
heat and humidity. Asphalt has proved serviceable and satisfactory
as a surfacing on the Ayala bridge. As a paving it is too slippery,
BBPOBT OF THE GOVERN OR-GBNBRAIi. 107
however, for inclines or approaches to bridges and it should be used
only on level stretches where the traffic is comparatively light.
Until the construction of sewers, the laying of water pipes, and
other underground work at present under way or contemplated have
been finally completed it would not be advisable to undertake the lay-
ing of permanent pavements. The tearing up of the streets for the
purpose of laying pipe for the new sewer and water system has
caused great damage to the streets in the city, and the cost for street
repairs will be considerably increased for the next two or three years.
The force actually engaged in street construction during the pre-
vious year was 267 men per day, not including 258 laborers employed
at the quarries and on barges and launches engaged in transporting
stone. The average wage per day per man is ?1.11. The total
amount expended for street construction and maintenance during the
fiscal year 1907 was ?=338,570.21.
Bridges, — ^Manila has 54 bridges and 17 culverte which from time
to time demand the attention of the department of engineering and
public works. Five of the bridges are steel, 29 masonry arch, 16
wood, one wood floor carried on I-beams, and 2 I-beams and concrete
arches. The bridges enumerated do not include the suspension
bridge crossing the Pasig River which is owned and operated by a
private corportation, but is subject to inspection by the municipal
authorities. The wooden bridges require frequent repairs and are a
constant source of worry and expense.
The new Ayala bridge was opened to public traffic on the 13th of
August last year and cost the city as follows :
Substructure nS, 714. 00
Superstructure 129, 726. 00
Inspection and incidentals 3,686.67
Approaches to bridge, widening the same, and constructing retaining
walls 19, 749. 91
Total 231, 876, 58
The total cost of bridge construction, repairs, and maintenance,
exclusive of approaches to the Ayala bridge, was 1^238,201.48.
Water supply. — ^For the rubber valves heretofore used on the four
pumping engines at the Santolan pumping station metal valves have
been substituted, and as a consequence a large economy in main-
tenance and increased efficiency of the pumps have resulted. The
coal consumed in pumping during the year 1907 was 530 tons less
than during the year 1906, thereby saving the municipal government
about ?^,000.
The conduit leading from the river to the pumping wells was
cleaned out and repaired, and a new intake constructed to allow a
greater quantity of water to enter the conduit. A careful examina-
tion of the conduit leading from the pumping station to the deposito
108 EEPOET OF THE PHIUPPINE COMMISSION.
disclosed that the masonry was badly cracked and in many places the
conduit was filled with mud and debris which had fallen from the
broken roof. The conduit was cleaned from end to end of all debris,
and cracks and other defects repaired, thereby saving the escape of a
large quantity of water pumped from Santolan and protecting the
water supply at the deposito from seepage water and the consequent
danger of pollution.
Seven installations of new water pipe, amounting to 2,179 lineal
meters, were made during the year at a cost of !P14,737.55. All the
new installations made, with the exception of a 2-inch main on Calle
Balic-Balic, are of a permanent nature and will form a part of the
new water system. Four of the new installations are in outlying
districts not previously supplied with water mains. The other three
installations were made to increase the flow through existing pipes
and to cut out dead ends.
It is expected that with the exception of the dam the construction
of the Manila waterworks will be completed about the first of July
of the coming year. In all probability the completion of the dam
will be delayed until the next dry season, but it is hoped that work
thereon will have progressed so far that water can be supplied from
the new system by July 1, 1908.
The collections on account of water supply during the fiscal year
1907 were ^21,187.98, an increase of ?10,449.29 over that collected
for the fiscal year 1906.
Sewers. — During the year 1907 there was expended the sum of
^=6,019.56 on the maintenance and cleaning of existing sewers as
against ^16,295.60 for the same account during the preceding year.
The reduction in repairs and cost of maintenance is due largely to the
fact that many of the old sewers, the principal office of which was
to carry off surface water, have been replaced during the last two
years with properly designed and constructed storm w^ater drains,
which are less costly than sewers to maintain and keep in repair.
The cost of new storm water drains during the year was Pll,937.40.
Fourteen miles of the most difficult part of the sewer work has been
completed, and although the total extension of the sewers is estimated
at 52 miles, it may be well said that the 14 miles already constructed
represent in time fully one-half of the entire work.
Bids have been requested for the furnishing and installation of the
necessary electrically driven pumps and motors for the six pumping
stations of the new sewer system.
The system will not be fully completed until about December 1,
1908, at which time the pumping stations will be ready for operation.
The estimated outlay for the sewer and water systems is $4,371,000
gold.
BBPOBT OF THE GOVEBNOB-GENEBAIi. 109
The following statement shows the amounts realized from the sale
of bonds issued for sewer and waterworks construction, and expendi-
tures made therefrom :
Dr.
To amounts previously expended and reported W597, 840. 76
To sundry expenditures during fiscal year 1907, as shown by
report. of disbursing officer 2,113,895.82
To balance on deposit In New York at 4 per centl 3, 000, 000. 00
To balance on deposit In New York at 3 per cent 414, 010. TO
To balance In treasury here 299,513.42
Total 6, 425, 260. 70
Cb.
By proceeds of sale of $1,000,000 gold bonds of the Issue of
June 1, 1905 2,191,250.00
By proceeds of sale of $2,000,000 gold bonds of the Issue of
January 1, 1907 4,234,010.70
Total 6, 425, 260. 70
By balance brought down 3,713,524.12
In addition to this balance there are $1,000,000 of gold bonds authorized to
be sold January 1, 1908, for this account.
Drafting and surveys. — Plans and street maps for the districts of
San Nicolas, Binondo, Santa Cruz, Quiapo, San Miguel, Ermita,
Malate, and Paco have now been completed on a scale of 1 to 1,000.
When the plans and street maps for the districts of Sampaloc and
Tondo are finished a city map on a scale of 1 to 1,000 will be pre-
pared. Block maps on a scale of 1 to 400 have been made for the
districts of Binondo, San Nicolas, Santa Cruz, and Quiapo. These
block maps, when completed, will show all details of house lines,
service mains, conduits, sewers, and public utility constructions of
every kind.
Street monuments have already been installed on the principal
streets of San Nicolas, south Tondo, and Binondo, and on the most
important streets of other districts throughout the city. When
street lines have been permanently marked much expense, trouble and
annoyance now caused to private property owners in establishing the
boundaries of their property will be avoided.
Repairs to public buildings. — During the fiscal year 1907 there was
expended for repairs to public buildings as follows :
Repairs to school buildings W, 913. 95
General repairs to police stations 775. 99
Repairs and betterments to fire department stations 6, 322. 37
General repairs to city stables, city pound, crematory, markets, city
slaughter house and other buildings used by the department of
sanitation and tram^)ortation 18, 402. 74
110 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Repairs to the city shops and other buildings under the Jurisdiction
of the department of engineering and public works W, 013. 25
Repairs to tie city hall, the audiencia, city tenement houses, Chinese
tribunal, cuartel meisic and the band stands 19,951.01
Total for repairs and betterments to public buildings 47, 379. 34
New buildings. — Permits for the construction of 809 new buildings
of strong materials and 1,119 of light materials have been granted.
The aggregate cost of these structures will be over ^1,000,000.
City shops. — On March 31 the city repair shops, with the excep-
tion of the carpenter and water supply shops, were discontinued, and
the plant transferred to the insular government for use in Bilibid
prison. The buildings vacated by reason of the transfer of the city
shops were turned over to the bureau of education and are now occu-
pied by the school of arts and trades.
POLICE DEPARTMENT.
During the year there were 11,337 arrests made. Of this number
2,899 were arrested for gambling, 901 for disorderly conduct, 551 for
cruelty to animals, 426 for violation of sanitary regulations, 374 for
violation of the opium law, 350 for obstructing streets, 300 for theft,
243 for violation of license regulations, 211 for vagrancy, 203 for
larceny, 111 for assault, 15 for embezzlement, 6 for murder, 4 for
assault with deadly weapons, 3 for homicide, 2 for rape, and 1 for
attempted suicide.
As will be noted from the foregoing statement, there were very
few crimes of personal violence committed in the city of Manila.
Of the persons arrested 9,570 were males and 1,767 were females.
The following is a comparative statement of the cost of the police
department during the fiscal years 1906 and 1907.
Salaries and wagea...
Contingent expenMB..
Total 1,166.»17.»
1006.
yi,007.636.57
68,381.82
1907.
T 744,966.09
68,760.20
808,747.28
This decrease in cost was due principally to the reduction in force
which was made on the recommendation of the committee on reor-
ganization.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
During the year the fire department responded to 118 alarms of
fire, a decrease of 6 as compared with the preceding year. The total
loss by fire, however, was very much larger than during any pre-
BBPOBT OP THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL.. Ill
vious year since 1903 as may be seen from the following table show-
ing losses by fire for the five fiscal years last past :
Fire losses in Manila since 1903.
1903 W, 670, 650
1904 468,911
19a5 135,921
1906 . 76,192
1907 677,709
The loss for 1907 is divided as follows :
Buildings - W65, 262
Contents 512,447
The destruction of Stevenson & Company's bodega on March 27.
1907, involved a loss of ^420,000. The destruction of 240 houses in
the nipa district of Paco, 72 houses in the nipa district on calle
Bivera, and 33 houses in the nipa district on calle Cervantes caused a
loss of about ^120,000.
The cost of maintaining the fire department has steadily decreased
since 1904 as may be seen from the following table :
Fire department expenditures.
Fiscal year 1906 WIS, 195. 82
Fiscal year 1906 294, 809. 63
Fiscal year 1907 279, 236. 64
Most of the fire alarm system, apparatus and hose have been in
service from three to six years, and it is almost certain that expensive
renewals will be required during the fiscal year 1908. As nothing was
added to fire equipment during the fiscal year just ended it is very
probable that the expense of the department for 1908 will be con-
siderably greater than that incurred for 1907.
The fire department force is made up of 1 chief, 1 city electrician,
1 deputy chief, 1 chief engineer, 1 mechanic, 6 linemen, 8 captains,
13 lieutenants, 5 first-class engineers, 9 second-class engineers, 45
first-class firemen, and 50 second-class firemen.
DEPARTMENT OF ASSESSMENTS AND COLLECTIONS.
Taxes on real estate. — ^The total value of taxable real estate in the
dty of Manila, as shown by the tax rolls of 1907, is ^=81,689,785, an
increase of W,164,550 over the tax valuation for the fiscal year 1906.
This increase is due to the erection of new buildings and to the addi-
tion to the tax rolls of certain small properties which had escaped
taxation in previous years. The total valuation of all real estate in
the city of Manila, whether taxable or not, amounts to the sum of
H27,887,866, of which, however, f'46,197,581 is exempt from taxation
112 BEPOBT OP THE PHIUPPIKE COMMISSION.
by reason of government ownership or because the property is used
for religious, charitable, scientific, or educational purposes and not
held for profit. The exempt property may be classified as follows :
Inenilar gOTernment «.5, 522, 166
Claimed by United States Army 7,347,688
City of Manila 4, 745, 604
Goyemment ownership (Insular or municipal not determined) — 3,149,366
Catholic churches 5,607,849
Protestant churches 322, 386
Religious orders 9, 437, 763
Miscellaneous 64, 870
Of the total population of the city of Manila, 11,921 are real estate
owners. Small houses of the value of ^-60 or less are not assessed, and
the owners are therefore not included in the figures above cited.
Sixty-two persons or firms own 30 per cent of all the taxable real
estate. Fifteen persons or firms own 16 per cent. There are 5 persons
or firms each of which owns taxable real estate to the value of
^1,000,000 or over ; 15 persons or firms each of which owns taxable
real estate to the value of ^^600,000 or over, and 31 persons or firms
each of which owns taxable real estate to the value of ^100,000 or
more.
It will be remembered that in 1903 property owners of the city of
Manila requested that for one year only the tax rate be reduced from
2 per cent to 1^ per cent. This was conceded, but far from satisfying
the property owners it has brought about petitions for further reduc-
tion. The requests for reduction have been based largely on the claim
that real estate in Manila has been assessed too high. This may be
true as to unimproved real estate lying on the outskirts of the city,
although it is remarkable that two boards of tax revision and one
equalization board have not so decided. Of the 15,780 parcels of
property subject to taxation appeals were taken from the assessments
imposed on 298 parcels,. and only 34 reductions were made by the
board of tax appeals. Only 5 appeals were taken to the board of
central equalization under the provisions of act No. 1474, none of
which were sustained. From information gathered by the city as-
sessor and collector as to rentals received for several thousand parcels
of property in all parts of the city, it appears that the average rental
received is over 17 per cent per annum. The special assessments
levied for sewers and street improvements on real property in almost
all the cities of the United States are not imposed in Manila and in
view of this fact it does seem that the present tax rate of 1^ per cent
is very, very far from being excessive.
Licenses. — During the year 1907 ^16,850.40 were collected for
licenses for liquors, business, entertainments and peddlers, vehicles.
BBPORT OF THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL,
113
dogs and bicycles. The following table will show the amounts col-
lected under these headings during the fiscal years 1906 and 1907 :
OlasB of license.
1906.
Liquors..
Business
Entertainments and peddlers..
Vehicles —
Doffs
Bicycles -
Total
1*184,278.64
6,770.57
8.892.30
13,621.10
4,826.50
68.85 I
1907.
n63,178.50
25,085.59
8,740.50
14,518.70
5,327.11
217,958.16 I
216,850.10
The reduction in receipts from liquor licenses is due almost wholly
to the closing of many wholesale and some retail liquor houses which
in its turn is largely due to a pronounced reduction during the last
few years in the number of consumers residing in Manila or in the
province who secured their supplies from Manila.
Markets. — ^The following table will show the receipts and running
expenses of the slaughter house and public markets during the fiscal
year just ended:
Market.
iKe-lPtalOO; ^°rn,°'
I Outlay for
lighting,
cleaning,
repairs, etc.
Net receipts.
DiTlsoila
Qulnta
Arranque
SajniMuoc
Herran
Anda
6anta Ana
Oagalangin
Pandacan
Bay, Tetuan, and Esteros.
Total 238,711.46
Slaughter house I 164,962.53
n31,895.31
57,337.05
24,757.35
8,550.fiO
11,180.90
1,287.50
1,455.45
1,094.05
1,144.35
a no, 104. 42
2,860.55
1,426,65
357.34
1,747.99
486.94
311.68
468.44
300.33
18,106.34
10,084.79
Orandtotal 403,673.99
28,191.13
ril,086.08
5,557.15
8,505.99
2,184.66
2,086.06
1,103.58
347.20
333.20
203.20
1907.
1906.
rilO, 705.81
48,880.35
14,824.71
6,017.60
7,346.85
6806.02
796.57
292.41
631.82
31,406.12
3,837.17
35,243.29
189,199.00
151,040.57
340,239.57
ri28, 542.58
50,915.34
13,703.47
4,561.14
9,421.53
6118.13
757.51
37.48
438.75
7,609.60
215,768.36
149,353.46
365,121.82
'This Includes, as in former years, the salaries of the chief Inspector of marlcets and
2 clerks and the hire of 1 yehicle, all amounting to ^5,760.
6 These are deficit items.
DEPARTMENT OP CITY SCHOOLS.
There are 272 teachers employed in the city schools of Manila.
The enrollment in city, day and night schools for the month of June
from the year 1902 to the year 1907 is shown by the following table :
Month and year.
June, 1902
June, 1903—
June, 1904
June, 1905
June, 1906
June, 1907
Day
Night
Schools.
2.244
1.556
3,046
2,028
6,767
6,043
7.803
6.334
8.311
(•)
8.436
(»)
•Closed for lack of funds.
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7-
*Not open on account of rainy season.
114 BEPOBT 07 THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
During the school year 1907 the attendance was 96 per cent of the
enrollment, a very remarkable showing. The seating capacity in the
city schools is taxed to the uttermost and more school buildings are
badly needed.
Industrial work is made a special feature of the school carried on
at Cuartel Meisic. There are 1,260 students enrolled with an average
attendance of 1,165. Boys are engaged in the manufacture of hats,
mats, baskets, curtains, fans, and the treatment and preparation of
raw fibers. Girls are taught plain and fancy needlework, including
all classes of embroidery, drawn work, Indian lace making, bead
work, and Ilocano blanket weaving.
SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.
The following table will show the receipts and expenditures of the
city of Manila for the fiscal year 1907, exclusive of expenditures for
sewer and waterworks construction :
Accounti
NET EXPENDITUBES.
To municipal board, advisory board, public charities, etc P199, 547. 9^
To law department: including city attorney's office, sherifTs
office, register of deeds, municipal court, and Justice of the
peace courts 76, 513. OS
To office of prosecuting attorney 38, 600. 03
To fire department 278, 630. 17
To police department 794, 130. 60
To department of engineering and public works 843,437.10
To department of sanitation and transportation 734, 253. 02
To department of assessments and collections 142, 286. 54
To department, city schools, not including cost of reconstruction
of Cuartel Meisic, other repairs and water and electric light— 265, 394. 15
To permanent public improvements 143,356.03
To Luneta extension 49, 009. 03
Total net expenditures by disbursing officer 3, 565, 157. 68
To interest on sewer and waterworks bonds 100, 000. 00
To sinking fund 38, 740. 00
To insular government for New York exchange 1, 500.00
To Insular government, balance due on purchase of land, trans-
portation, etc 106, 567. 24
Total net expenditures 3,871,964.92
Excess of receipts over expenditures 231, 255. 88
4,103,220.80
NET KECEIPTS.
By city assessor and collector, as per itemized statement 2, 590, 254. 30
By register of deeds 13, 474. 74
BEFOBT OF THE OOVEBNOB-GENEBAL.
115
By Insular treasurer:
Miscellaneous collections Wt, 872. 84
Seventy per cent of the interest collected on
balances belonging to sewer and waterworks
account on deposit in New York 100, 102. 24
W04, 975. 08
By disbursing officer:
Transportation service, Insular government 106,667.24
Interdepartment collections 189,980.92
246, 548. 16
Total coUections 2,955,252.28
Less refunds paid by disbursing officer 8, 567. 82
Less refunds paid by Auditor 10, 053. 14
Total refunds 13, 620. 96
Net collections - 2.941.631.82
By Insular government contribution, 30 per cent of M,871,964.62_ 1, 161, 589. 48
Total , 4, 103, 22080
By balance brought down 231, 255. 88
The following table shows a comparative statement of collections
for the fiscal years 1906 and 1907 and the estimated collections for
the year 1908 :
Source of revenue.
Real estate tax
Hatadeio fees
Market fees
Municipal licenses
Live stock, registered and transferred
Vehicle equipment
Rents, city property
Municipal court fines and fees
Weights and measures
Miscellaneous burial funds (Board of Health)
Jostioe of peace fees
Sheriff fees
Sales, city land
City attorney fees
Electrician fees i
Pound fees
Franchise tax (Manila Electno Railroad & Light <}o.)
Secretary , municipal board fees ,
Internal revenue dividend ,
Miscellaneous ,
Industrial tax ,
Certificates of registration
Pail system
Vault cleaning
Transpo rtation of meat
Cementerio del Norte
Rent of niches (Board of Health)
Building permits
Water rents
Boiler inspector fees
Total collections by city assesaor and collector.
Register of Deeds
Miscellaneous collected by insular treasurer
70 per cent of interest collected by insular treasurer. . .
Land transportation furnished the insular govern-
ment
Grand total. .
Fiscal year
1006.
Pl,206,265.31
100,049.25
209,430.88
217,058. 16
785.80
1,231.90
18,730.29
68,600.77
6,410.40
4,935.60
6,757.90
13,689.36
2,644.30
192.26
7,868. 70
4,077.00
28,662.85
09.00
74,876.93
13,811.70
1,191.81
846.00
69,327.16
38,69L85
3,470.74
13,425.09
10,112.40
17,958.90
210,738.69
1,070.00
2,465,780.40
14,850. 11
60.00
Fiscal year
1907.
Estimated re-
ceipts for
fiscal year 1908.
P-1,302,855.00
164,962.53
238,054.41
216,850.40
77L40
1,215.80
19,950.32
53,331.43
715.40
4,012.00
5,968.57
16,752.65
18,397.63
5,495.75
4,065.14
40,861.54
43.60
135,656.76
5,128.10
48,608.26
39,199.00
8,995.16
10,996.50
9,752.60
16,314.47
221,187.98
1,212.00
2,500,254.30
13,474.74
4,872.84
100,102.24
2,480,600.51 2,706,704.12
ri,250,000.00
170,000.00
270, 55a 00
230,000.00
800.00
1,200.00
20,000.00
60,ooaoo
4,000.00
6,000.00
15,000.00
25,000.00
200.00
5,000.00
5,000.00
45,000.00
50.00
140,000.00
7,ooaoo
60,000.00
35,000.00
9,000.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
15,000.00
225,000.00
i,2oaoo
2,600,000.00
i4,ooaoo
86,000.00
96,000.00
2,796,000.00
The above totals do not include inter-department collections by Disbursing Oifloer.
116
KEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
The following table shows a comparative statement of expendi-
tures for the fiscal years 1906 and 1907 and the estimated expendi-
tures for the year 1908 :
I
Fiscal year
1906.
Fiscal vear
1907.
Honidpal board, advisory board, disbursing office,
public charities and care of city prisoners
Department of law, including office of city attorney,
prosecuting attorney, office of sheriff, office register
of deeds, municipal court and justice of the peace
oourts
Fire department
Police department
Engineering and public works
Sautation and transportation, including street
sprinkling, street cleaning, care of parks, cemeteries
and public grounds
Department of assessments and collections
City schools, not including rents, repairs, water and
electric Ught forl90fr-7
Public works
Lnneta extension
Interest on bonds
fl^TiMng fund
Exchange
Payment on account of purchase of land transporta-
r204,828.74
151,396.91
295,030.63
1,158,380.85
1,102,897.49
907,147.61
116,372.45
272,771.42
782,610.58
260,020.08
ntyment
lion....
Total.
114,796.73
5,366,253.49
ri99, 647.93
115,113.11
278,630.17
794,130.60
843,437.10
734,253.02
142,286.54
265,304.15
143,356.03
49,009.03
160,000.00
38,740.00
1,500.00
106,567.24
3,871,964.92
Fiscal year
1908.
estimated.
r203,000.00
100,240.00
297,920.00
750,000.00
721,465.00
742,700.00
100,000.00
844,728.00
46,000.00
50,000.00
260,000.00
116,220.00
2,820.00
8,744,083.00
Sewer and waterworks construction account not included in the above.
For further and more complete details as to the administration of
the city of Manila reference is hereby made to the report of the mu-
nicipal board which is hereto annexed, made a part hereof, and
marked " Exhibit No. 4."
Respectfully submitted.
To THE Philippine Commission,
Manila^ P. /.
Jakes F. Smith,
Governor-General.
EXHIBIT No. 1.
BEFOBT OF THE DIBECTOB OF CIVIL SEBVIGE.
Manila, P. I., September 30, 1907.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following seventh annual report relating
to the operation of the civil service law and covering the worl^ performed by
the bureau of civil service during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907 :
EXAMINATIONS.
During the year covered by this report, 5,764 applicants were examined in
Manila and in the provinces for entrance to the service and for promotion,
transfer, or reinstatement therein, as compared with 5,293 for the preceding
fiscal year, an increase of 471.
The following summary does not include examinations to test fitness of
skilled laborers and mechanics for appointment or employment. The number
of Filipinos who entered examinations given in E3nglish was 3,078, of whom
031, or 21 per cent passed, as compared with 2,231 for the preceding fiscal year,
of whom 401, or 18 per cent, passed, an Increase of 847, or 38 per cent. In the
number of Filipinos examined in English. The number of Filipinos examined In
Spanish during the year was 1,863, of whom 675, or 36 per cent passed, as
compared with 1,973, of whom 816, or 41 per cent, passed, during the preceding
fiscal year, a decrease of 110, or 6 per cent. During the year 642 Americans
were examined, of whom 322, or 50 per cent, passed, as compared with 702
examined during the preceding fiscal year, of whom 398, or 57 per cent, passed,
a decrease of 60, or 9 per cent
It will be noted from the above that there was a large Increase (38 per cent)
in the number of Filipinos taking examinations in English, a decrease of 6
per cent In the number of Filipinos examined In Spanish, and a decrease of 9
per cent In the number of Americans examined. As Filipinos gain a better
knowledge of English and of other subjects necessary to qualify them in
performing duties other than those of a mere routine clerical order, modifi-
cations of former examinations are prepared from time to time to meet
conditions as they arise.
Assistant provincial treasurer examination. — In the hope that It would attract
to the provincial service young men of good antecedents and high grade qualifi-
cations, an effort was made during the past year to obtain a list of ellglbles
from which selection might be made for appointment to the position of assistant
provincial treasurer ; examinations for this position were held in Manila and In
the provinces on February 18, 19, and May 31-June 1, 1907. The examination
is practically the same as that before given for appointment to the position of
provincial treasurer, except that the former examination was given in English
or in Spanish at the option of the applicant, whereas in the examination
recently given the questions were In BJngllsh only, It being allowable to write
the answers in English or In Spanish. The former examination resulted in
obtaining a number of ellglbles for original appointment to the service, several
of whom were Filipinos. In the latter examination only competitors who were
already in the service and took the examination for promotion secured eligible
ratings. It is regretted that competitors not in the public service with sufficient
ability to qualify for this position did not enter the examination. The follow-
ing extract from the first announcement of the assistant provincial treasurer
examination shows clearly its purpose :
" The attention of young men not In government service who are seeking a
career which offers adequate reward, both as to money compensation and per-
manent official position, is earnestly invited to the exceptional opportunities
now offered them in the treasury service of provincial governments. The entire
treasury personnel, with the exception of a few minor positions, is in the
117
118 EEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Classified service, thereby insuring permanent tenure of oflace to all officials and
employees who render efficient, satisfactory service, and certainty of promo-
tion to those who demonstrate capacity of a high order. Appointment from
the eligible list resulting from the examination announced above will be made
to the position of deputy provincial treasurer, with immediate assignment to
duty either in a provincial treasurer's office or as treasurer of one of the more
important municipalities. Ordinarily one full year of practical experience in
the various branches of work to which a deputy may be assigned will be re-
quired before consideration for promotion to the position of assistant provincial
treasurer (now termed chief clerk or chief deputy) in one of the smaller
provinces. From the position of assistant provincial treasurer in a small
province promotion will ordinarily be to a similar position in one of the
larger provinces. After demonstration of exceptional efficiency and fitness in
the position of assistant provincial treasurer in a large province an opportunity
will be given for independent work as acting provincial treasurer of some
province the treasurer of which is absent on accrued leave. From among
assistant provincial treasurers who have demonstrated their fitness for
advancement after trial as acting provincial treasurer, selection will be
made for permanent appointment to vacancies occurring in the position of
provincial treasurer, appointment being first to one of the smaller provinces,
and subsequent promotion being to vacancies occurring in larger provinces.
The frequency with which vacancies occur in the various grades in the personnel
of the treasury service is such as to insure promotion as rapidly as candidates
may, by practical experience, fit themselves therefor."
Junior stenographer examination. — ^During the past year there has been
great difficulty in securing from the United States enough stenographers to
meet the needs of the service. A new examination, called the junior stenogra-
pher examination, was prepared and announced, with a view of testing the
fitness of Filipinos who have some knowledge of stenography, but who are not
sufficiently expert to take rapid dictation. While none of the competitors has
thus far qualified in this examination, several have received temporary employ-
ment as Junior stenographers or appointment as clerks with a knowledge of
stenography ; with experience gained in the offices to which assigned, they have
made sufficient progress to warrant the expectation that with the acquirement
of a better knowledge of English and the Increasing thoroughness of Instruction
in the commercial schools It will be possible to use a larger number of Filipinos
in stenographic positions.
Junior surveyor examination, — This examination Is Intended to test the fit-
ness of Filipinos for surveying work in the bureau of lands. While no Filipinos
succeeded In obtaining eligibility In the first examination held, the indications
are that they will be able to qualify with a little more training and experience.
They obtain their preparation In the public schools and through apprenticeship
served in the bureau of lands. It Is designed to introduce into the service
young Filipinos who, under the guidance and instruction of competent sur-
veyors, will be able to perform a considerable portion of the work now being
done by American surveyors.
Internal-revenue agent examination, — ^An examination designed to test fitness
of applicants for the position of Internal -revenue agent was prepared and held
during the year in Manila and in the provinces. Appointments to the iwsitlon
of agent were formerly made as a result of a first grade or equivalent examina-
tion, which, with respect to the permanent appointment of Internal-revenue
agents, has now been modified by the addition of practical questions relating to
internal-revenue laws and decisions. Thus far no person has been regularly
appointed as a result of this examination who had not rendered from several
months to two years of service as a temporary agent In the bureau of Internal
revenue.
District inspector examination (bureau of posts). — This examination was
prepared to test fitness of applicants for appointment to the position of tele-
graph Inspector and several appointments have been made as a result thereof.
Before the transfer of the telegraph division from the constabulary to the
bureau of posts, no adequate and thorough tests of fitness were given for ap-
pointment to this position.
APPOINTMENTS IN THE CLASSIFIED SERVICE.
The total number of appointments made In the Philippine classified civil
service during the year was 3,812. Of this number 550 were made In the
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF CIVIL SERVICE. 119
islands for original entrance into the service ; 3,059 in the islands by promotion,
reduction, transfer, and reinstatement; and 203 by appointment in the United
States.
The number of Filipinos and Americans receiving original appointment In the
Islands, as compared with the preceding year, were as follows :
1906.
1907.
Filipinos:
From English registers _ ._ „
From Spanish registers
174
aoo
204
226
TotaL
474
119
430
Americans:
From English registers .
120
Total original appointments
508
560
The number of appointments made in the islands during the year through
changes in the service by promotion, reduction, transfer, and reinstatement
was 3,059, as compared with 2,804 during the preceding year; this Increase is
due to the larger number of promotions, there having been 2,351 promotions
during the year covered by this report, as compared with 2,069 during the pre-
ceding year. Reference Is made to the frequency of promotions under the
liead of salary adjustment.
The total number of appointments made in the United States to this service
was 203, including 3 appointments by transfer from the Federal service and
16 by reinstatement, as compared with a total of 154 for the preceding year.
The number of teachers appointed in the United States was 97, as compared
with 109 for the preceding year; 23 of the 97 teachers were appointed as a
result of the assistant examination and the remainder as a result of the
teacher examination. The number of stenographers and typewriters ai)-
ix)inted in the United States during the year was 22, as compared with 7
for the preceding year; twice the number appointed and sent to the Islands
during the year would have been hardly sufficient to meet the requisitions
from various bureaus and offices. Special difficulty has also been encoun-
tered during the past fiscal year in obtaining from the United States a suffi-
cient number of civil engineers, surveyors, and other technical men to meet
the needs of the service. This is due to several reasons, but principally to the
fact that the entrance salaries offered here during the past year or two for
these classes of officers and employees have been but little higher than salaries
paid for similar work in the United States. Substantial recognition of this
fact in providing in the current appropriation bill for larger entrance salaries
for these classes of officers and employees will, it Is believed, materially aid In
securing from the United States a higher grade of men In sufficient numbers to
meet the immediate needs of the service.
Appointments in the Federal service, Philippine Islands, — During the year
77 appointments, 64 original and 13 by promotion, transfer, and reinstatement,
were made in the Federal service In these Islands on certification of this office,
as compared with 65 for the preceding year. In the absence of eligibles, it has
also been necessary to authorize the temporary employment of a considerable
number of persons to fill clerical positions. The number of transfers from the
Federal service in the Philippines to the insular service has been offset by
approximately an equal number of transfers from the Insular service to the
Federal service. It is proper to state that the bureau of civil service has had
the continued cooperation of Federal officers in applying the provisions of the
civil-service law and rules to positions in the Federal service in these islands.
There has been little attempt on the part of either Federal or insular officers
to induce employees In one service to transfer to the other, when such transfer
might embarrass the office in which the employee was serving. The policy
adopted by the insular government of employing Filipinos, so far as practicable,
in the interest of good administration and economy, is receiving favorable
recognition by Federal officers. Some of them have recently expressed the
intention of appointing Filipinos from the register^ of eligibles, and several
have already been appointed.
Relative number of Filipinos appointed to the service increasing yearly. — The
civil-service law contemplates the appointment of a maximum number of Fill-
120 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
piuos and a minimum number of Americans at salaries commensurate with
qualifications and duties; whenever a Filipino is found to be qualified to per-
form creditably and satisfactory the duties of any position held by an American
he should be appointed to the first vacancy occurring in that position. Under
the examination system of mailing appointments it is contemplated that the
Filipino people shall be given every opportunity to participate in the worlt of
government through selection and appointment on a merit system basis. The
process of substituting Filipinos for Americans has been progressive since
1902. On January 1, 1903, the number of Americans in the service above the
grade of laborer was about equal to the number of Filipinos. There were in
the service on January 1, 1907, 2,616 regularly appointed Americans, and 3,902
regularly appointed Filipinos, as compared with 3,307 Americans, and 4,023
Filipinos on January 1, 1905, and 3,228 Americans and 3,377 Filipinos on
January 1, 1904; no statistics were prepared for January 1, 1906. From this
it will be seen that in two years the number of regularly appointed Americans
in the service has been reduced by approximately 700. During these two years,
however, there was a larger number than usual of Americans employed
temporarily.
A considerable portion of the routine work is now being done by Filipinos,
enabling the government materially to reduce the number of Americans em-
ployed in the lower grades by apix)inting Filipinos as vacancies occur. There
has been a considerable increase in the number of Filipinos who entered and
passed the second grade examination in English, and a still greater increase
in the number receiving appointment. The ellglbles obtained as a result of
this examination are trained principally in the public schools, have a good
conversational Icnowledge of English, spell, and read fairly well, and, as a rule,
have a good knowledge of arithmetic and excel In penmanship. With careful
supervision and training many of them in a few months develop into fair
Junior clerks and junior typew^riters, and some of them eventually do superior
work. There is little doubt that the expenses of the government could be
further reduced in some bureaus by employing more Filipinos to assist In carry-
ing on the ordinary routine work.
In previous reports reference has been made to the capability of Filipinos as
tracers or copyists of draw^iugs. This work Is now being satisfactorily done by
them in the bureaus of lands, coast and geodetic survey, and public, works.
In mechanical trades positions also Filipinos have shown special aptitude, as
is being so amply demonstrated In the bureau of printing and In other bureaus.
Filipinos have not been well trained in skilled occupations as artisans and me-
chanics. Mere theoretical teaching In the public schools is not likely per se to
prepare adequately a sufficient number of Filipinos to meet in full the demands
of industrial activity, unless such teaching is supplemented by a widely exist-
ent apprenticeship system, under which there may be practical application of
knowledge gained in schools. Aside from reducing the cost of ordinary rou-
tine clerical work, the expenses of the government may in the near future be
materially reduced by the further employment of Filipinos in manual trades
positions at salaries commensurate with their needs and qualifications.
SALABY ADJUSTMENT.
In a published article relating to the employment of Filipinos the director
of education states:
" There has been In some branches of the government service a tendency on
the part of the Filipino employee, as soon as his training fitted him to do the
work previously done by an American employee, to demand the same salary as
was paid to the American. In some cases this has been given, and Filipinos
are being paid salaries of $1,000, $1,200, and even $1,400 gold per year for the
simple reason that these salaries were paid to Americans who formerly filled
the same positions and did the same work. At first thought It might appear
that this was only a Just recognition of the equality, which must permeate the
civil service. But further consideration shows conclusively how Impossible a
policy this Is. The Americans In these Islands are paid practically double
what their services would command in the Tnited States. That Is, they are
paid the large salaries that must always be paid the skilled employees in foreign
service. That they are not paid too much Is sufficiently evidenced by the fact
that It has been difficult to secure first-class American employees at the sala-
ries which have been offered. The proper compensation for a Filipino In the
BEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF CIVIL. SERVICE. 121
Philippine Islands should certainly be not higher than that paid to an American
for the same class of service in the United States. • ♦ ♦ The principle upon
which the government in the Philippines is proceeding, and which is eminently
fair to the Filipino teachers, Is that as rapidly as the work done by Americans
can be done by Filipinos the Americans will be dismissed and the positions
filled by Filipinos. But the compensation for the Filipinos accepting office un-
der these circumstances should not by any reason be the high compensation
which must be held out to an American in order to Induce him to Interrupt his
career In the United States to enter a service in the Philippine Islands neces-
sarily insecure and involving sacrifices."
One of the difficult problems of government In the Philippines Is that of fix-
ing appropriate salaries or rates of compensation — difficult of proper adjustment
for the reason that a false salary schedule Is necessitated to comi)ensate ade-
quately Americans In the service, who must of necessity be paid salaries con-
siderably higher that are paid in the United States. The majority of Filipinos
enter the service through the Second or third grade junior clerlcal'or copyist
examinations. When appointed as a result of passing the second grade or junior
clerical examination given in English, under existing regulations their salaries
may be Increased to $900 per annum without further examination. Those who
succeed In passing the stenographer, bookkeeper, translator, interpreter, or
clerk examination given In English become eligible, so far as examinations are
concerned, for probatlonal appointment to grades or positions heretofore gen-
erally filled by Americans with rates of comi)ensatIon above $900 per annum.
The salaries of somes Filipinos who have succeeded In passing one or more of
these latter examinations have been further Increased since the director of
education preimred the paper above quoted. Naturally others are anxious to
receive the salaries heretofore paid, apparently Ignoring the fact that the
salary schedule for the American Is of necessity an artificial one.
An appropriate basis of comparison to determine proper salaries of Fili-
pinos would be the rates of compensation paid In private life to Filipinos for corre-
six)nding work, or in private or public life in other oriental countries, or even In the
United States. The salaries of Filipinos should accord with the salaries paid
to them in private life in the Philippines and in private and public life In other
oriental countries to natives with similar qualifications. If for no better rea-
son, the revenues of the Philippine Islands do not justify the payment for the
accomplishment of routine clerical work of larger salaries than are usually
paid by private individuals in the Islands for similar classes of work, and cer-
tainly not larger than are paid In the United States. With this basis of com-
parison it appears that the salaries paid Filipinos In some cases are dispro-
portionately large already and that the number of these cases is steadily In-
creasing.
To enable Filipinos to participate in the work of government and to bring
about a reduction In salary expenditure, the jwlicy of appointing Filipinos as
rapidly as they qualify to fill iwsltlons vacated by Americans who voluntarily
resign or are removed for cause has been adopted and generally observed.
Nevertheless, the needs of the service have continued to demand the appoint-
ment annually of several hundred Americans. Notwithstanding the substitution
of Filipinos in considerable numbers, the salary expenditure Is above the nor-
mal. Promotion Is allowable under the civil service rules at the expiration of
the probationary period of six months and thereafter yearly. It Is believed
that the periods of promotion yearly after the first six months tentatively fixed
in the rules should be lengthened and the examination restrictions extended,
or the Government will soon find Itself paying to Filipinos larger salaries for
corresponding work and ability than are paid even In the United States, where
salaries and wages are higher than In most other countries In the world.
ACCBUED LEAVE.
In determining rates of compensation for employees in the Philippine civil
service it Is proper to take into consideration also the liberal annual leave al-
lowances to employees, averaging from six weeks to two months. These annual
allowances in addition to Sundays and holidays reduce the working days to
an average of little more than two-thirds of the year, while the salary allow-
ance is for a full year's work.
In its last annual rei)ort this office reconunended that the leave law be so
amended as not to permit the indiscriminate granting of *' accrued " leave for
use in the islands. Governor-General Ide, in his report covering the fiscal year
122 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION,
1906, recommended that the matter be taken up for consideration by the Com-
mission, suggesting that some plan ought to be adopted for the protection of the
treasury and the service generally, and in comment thereon stated :
"Accrued leave was primarily intended to enable employees to visit the
United States, whereby Americans could regain their strength and vigor, and
the Filipino employees could gain a knowledge of American institutions and
become acquainted with the customs of the American i)eople, which would be of
great value in the service. The maximum annual liability for accrued leave
Is nearly P1,000,000. Much of the accrued leave enjoyed by employees Is now
passed in the Philippine islands, thereby defeating the purposes of the original
Intention of the law."
The revised civil service act, recently passed, contains a provision for grant-
ing leave with permission to visit foreign countries with practically the same
traveling expense and half pay allowances as are granted in connection witli
visits to the United States. It is hoped that tills may result in increasing the
amount of accrued leave spent abroad, but unless the granting of accrued leave
for use in the Islands is restricted the greater part of such leave will be spent
in the islands as heretofore and the primary purpose for giving accrued leave
will not be realized. Chiefs of bureaus complain that frequent absences for
short periods interfere with the proper accomplishment of the work of their
bureaus. The law provides that a<!crued leave shall be granted " subject to the
necessities of the public service." It is believed that a chief of bureau may
properly decline to approve applications for accrued leave to be taken in the
islands when there is no apparent necessity for the absence and when the grant-
ing of the leave applied for would interfere with the work of the bureau. The
vacation leave provided by law is ample for recreation purposes: accrued leave
is intended primarily to enable employees to visit the United States and foreign
countries, or to cover absences in the islands on account of illness or urgent
necessity when vacation leave is exhausted. The fact remains, however, that
this government is allowing for forty-one to sixty-three days* leave per annum,
which in the majority of cases covers absences in the islands requested osten-
sibly for the puri)ose of recreation or recuperation, but used by some in work-
ing for private parties. No other government, so far as this office is aware,
allows its officers and employees to be absent from duty so many days in the
year on full pay as does the Philippine Government. As the annual liability
on account of leave amounts to approximately W,000,000, no small responsi-
bility rests upon this office, which is primarily charged with the proi)er applica-
tion of the law.
ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY REQUIRE PERMANENCY OF PERSONNEL.
Exclusive of officials in Manila, a considerable number of appointments have
been made from time to time of persons who had been employed in the United
States civil service prior to appointment in the Philippine civil service. The
records show that this method of recruiting for the Phlipplne civil service has
not been uniformly productive of satisfactory results. Out of 87 of such trans-
ferees appointed in 4 bureaus only 33 remain. While some should have been
retained by better rates of compensation, the return of others to the United
States was not detrimental tp the Interests of the service.
In the report of this office to the governor-general for the year ended June
30, 1005, it was stated under the caption of character and permanency of
personnel :
"A high grade of efficiency In the public service can not be attained with a
transitory personnel. Continuity of service Is essential to efficiency. Adequate
preparation and special training supplemented by long exi>erience tend to pro-
duce a personnel whose services become Increasingly valuable.
"A transitory personnel not only does not contribute to a high degree of
efficiency, but it adds greatly to the exi^ense of administration. Where officers
and employees are, without adequate preparation and experience, placed In
positions of resix)nslblllty, mistakes are bound to be more or less frequent, and
some of them expensive and serious. From the standpoint of economy, there-
fore, as well as efficiency, appointment In a deijendency esT)ecially should con-
template a long period of service. The constant withdrawal from the Philippine
service of competent men who are Just reaching the point where their services
would be most valuable and useful to the Government is not in the interests
of economy, efficiency, or good government. The Philippine civil service, no less
than the military and naval services of the United States, should offer oppor-
REPOBT OF THE DIRECTOR OF CIVIL SERVICE. 123
tunlty for an honorable career for well-trained men. The continuance in the
service of self-reliant, well -trained, and eflScient young men of good character
must be deemed essential to successful administration and good government in
the Philippine Islands."
It is a matter of regret to report that the percentage of withdrawals from
the service of competent and desirable men has been greater during the past
year or two than theretofore, while there have been fewer separations of the
incompetent and undesirable. On January 1, 1907, there were 2,616 Americans
having regular appointment in the service. During the fiscal year ended June
30, 1907, approximately 500 Americans resigned, about double the number with-
drawing from the service during the preceding fiscal year. Of the 500 over
100 were university or college graduates, including scientists, civil engineers,
surveyors, physicians, teachers, and subordinate officials, as against 40 univer-
sity or college graduates . for the preceding year. Of the remaining 400, a
considerable number were graduates of high or normal schools. The loss to
the government of these trained and experienced men is in many instances
irreparable. Good men were evidently discouraged, and apparently lost hope
that the Philippine public service promised a career which would justify their
remaining in it. Whatever the cause, the withdrawal of so many competent
Americans is greatly to be regretted, and suggests that encouraging conditions
must prevail or well-trained and efficient young men will continue to leave the
service and the hope of establishing firmly a dignified and efficient civil service
in these islands composed of men above mediocrity and grafting tendencies must
be abandoned, to the detriment of good government and to the disappointment
of the friends of civll-servlce reform.
BELATION OF TENURE AND PROMOTION TO CAREER.
The promise of an opportunity for an honorable career is essential to the
retention of the best type of young manhood in this service, as indeed it is
in any public service. The policy of the American Government from the begin-
ning contemplated the laying of a foundation deep and strong for. the super-
structure, an efficient public service as good as the best, and a worthy
achievement of American honesty and industry in the field of government
endeavor. Whenever the competent man feels that tenure of office is insecure
or that there is no certainty of promotion of the most competent to the higher
positions, he will if he have laudable ambiton and capability look forward to
an early return to the home land instead of giving his undivided attention to
carving out a career for himself by striving to render the best possible service.
The American as well as the Filipino must be assured that tenure is perma-
nent, if his service Is faithful and satisfactory; otherwise, the best type of
American manhood will rarely enter the service and few will remain. If the
merit system is adhered to such assurance can unhesitatingly be given. As
shown hereinbefore, the needs of the service continue to require the appoint-
ment of hundreds of Americans every year. When the time comes that no
more Americans need be appointed to carry on the work of government, the
tenure of reliable officers and employees remaining In the service will not
be affected, as vacancies will continue to occur as rapidly as Filipinos qualify
to fill them.
The matter of promotion must depend upon capability and fitness and not on
personal influence or favor in any form. Appointments and promotions not
made in accordance with the letter and spirit of the civil service law must
inevitably tend to demoralization and to lower the general average efficiency In
any public service. Integrity and efficiency must therefore be the touchstones to
securing impartial consideration in promotion. By adhering to the true princi-
ples of the " merit system " and avoiding the adoption of false ones the advan-
tage gained in the splendid progress heretofore made toward good government
in the Philippines need not and will not be lost
PROMOTION EXAMINATIONS.
The only practical method by which promotions on merit may be assured is
by means of competitive promotion examinations. No promotion to any position
in this service is made without passing the examination required for original
appointment thereto. This requirement of eligibility in examination taken non-
competltlvely for promotion prevents promotion of the really incompetent and
the practical breaking down of the merit system, but does not Insure the pro-
motion of the most competent and trustworthy. Competitive promotion exam-
124 REPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Inations can not be generally applied to this service without Increasing the
appropriation for this Bureau, as the examiners as well as other employees of
the Bureau are required constantly to work overtime to keep abreast of current
work. Without strict adherence to the spirit as well as the letter of the law,
the public service will suflFer by the appointment or advancement of the men-
tally, morally, or physically unfit. CJonstructive work can not be done by the
incompetent and positions of financial trust and responsibility should not be
given to men whose habits of life and political and social relations are likely
to outweigh principles of honesty and integrity. No position, high or low, the
duties of which presuppose cai)ablllty to administer actually, honestly, and
intelligently the affairs of the i)osltlon or to perform the work required to be
done, can In the Interests of good government be filled by an unfit iierson or by
a political or personal appointee who has not the proper qualifications to per-
form the duties creditably. The actual money loss caused by the payment of
government revenues to the incompetent and unreliable Is probably less harmful
than the deadly effect on the esprit of the service and the disgust and resulting
resignations of really competent and reliable men. The possession of brains
by a government ofliclal or employee Is important, and so Is the iwssesslon of
good morals. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that without the latter
there Is no assurance of reliability and integrity. The interests of good adminis-
tration require the reasonable observance by employees of the ordinary rules
of conduct everywhere approved by right-thinking and law-abiding persons.
THE NEED OF FURTHER APPLICATION OF THE EXAMINATION SYSTEM.
Of the whole number of subordinate officials who have been removed from
the Philippine civil service for cause, only 5 per cent entered the service through
civil service examination. There are approximately 250 unclassified positions
in the constabulary filled by Americans of the grade of officer, which consti-
tute a majority of the unclassified positions in the Philippine civil service filled
by Americans. Of the total number of Americans, approximately 600, ap-
pointed as officers in the constabulary, about 150, or 25 per cent, have been
separated from the service for cause, some 200 have resigned, and about 260
arc now In the service. These positions are specifically excepted from the
examination requirements of the civil service law, and selections for appoint-
ment, being left to the director of constabulary, have been made without testing
fitness through a rigid, thorough, and systematic examination system. While
free from some of the restrictions of the civil service law, constabulary officers
have all the privileges of that law and other si)ecial privileges. In addition to
leave privileges, constabulary officers are given quarters in kind or commuta-
tion thereof, and are allowed under certain regulations expenses while in hos-
pital ; a special pension and retirement system is provided for them ; periodi-
cal Increases in salary for length of service and promotions to higher grades
and classes are more frequent than in other branches of the insular service.
These favorable conditions of service would ordinarily be expected to be pro-
ductive In a higher degree of honesty and efficiency. Nevertheless, there has
been an unusual number of failures among constabulary officers and conse-
quent separations from the service on account of defalcations or other delin-
quency or misconduct. If appointments and service in the constabulary were
subject to the requirements of the civil service act and rules, improvement In
character and efficiency of the i)er8onnel would undoubtedly follow in this
branch of the service, as has heretofore followed with every extension of the
law to other grades of positions in the unclassified service. Nothing in this
discussion is to be construed as detracting one lota from the record made by
those constabulary officers who have rendered creditable and satisfactory
service.
In this connection it may be noted that of the employees brought out from
the United States by 2 of the large constructing companies in the Philippines
over 50 per cent were practically failures and have been " let out " for cause.
It seems quite clear that the statement frequently heard to the effect that
the selection of appointees for the public service by chiefs of bureaus without
the intervention of a disinterested civil service officer, or the selection of em-
ployees by heads of business concerns, without the application of an examina-
tion system In either case, secures a better and more satisfactory personnel
than the government obtains through the operation of civil service law lmr)ar-
tlally and rigidly enforced, is not verified by the facts. Results conclusively
show tliat the highest average in general efficiency, integrity, and reliability is
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF CIVIL SERVICE. 125
secured through the open competitive examination system of making appoint-
ments. The favorable comments of some officials on the oi)eratlon of the
Philippine civil service law are found in the appendix of this report." The
unqualified indorsement of the " merit system " by hundreds of officials all
over the world may be found In published government reports.
CRITICISM OF OFFICERS CHARGED WITH THE ENFORCEMENT OP A CIVIL-SERVICE LAW
INEVITABLE.
In the publications of this office it Is shown that: First, important prelim-
inary evidence of fitness is obtained in the data required in making applica-
tion for examination; second, if application is acceptable, further evidence of
fitness is obtained through appropriate tests of knowledge of subject-matter
relating to the position for which application is made ; and third, the final test
of fitness is given through actual trial by a bureau chief for six months — the
probationary period. If not discharged during the probationary period, dis-
charge during this period being discretionary with the bureau chief, it is pre-
sumed that the appointee is competent. Occasionally It is discovered that
employees thus permanently appointed after the expiration of the probationary
period prove to be inefficient. Complaint of a chief of bureau against the
examination system with respect to such appointees is not well founded, as
the official has ample opportunity to determine the appointee's qualifications
during the probationary period.
No civil-service director or commissioner, whether or not he does his duty.
Is able to escape adverse criticism sooner or later. He may for a brief period
undertake to justify partiality of action for special, more often specious, rea-
sons, and accede to the wishes of many; but if he does so the inevitable day
comes, all too soon, when he finds himself in the mazes of an inextricable
tangle of unhappy precedents of his own creation, all to the detriment of the
public service. Nor will he escape criticism if he does his duty in faithfully
and consistently enforcing the provisions of a thoroughgoing civll-servlce law,
which means fair competition and no favor for entrance to the public service
and advancement therein on merit, and opportunity for the government to
obtain the best men.
A single case of hardship, and perhaps a mere prima facie one at that, is
quite sufficient for some to declare the clvU-senMce law a failure, though such
conclusion Is contrary to all rules of logic and evidence. As here In the
Philippines, so probably elsewhere, on presentation of the facts and reasons
for the action taken by the clvH-servlce office adverse criticism is generally
found to be without " rhyme or reason." The attitude of those opposed to
any compreheusive clvll-senice examination system, however meritorious that
system may be, will render a continuance of the usual amount of adverse crit-
icism unavoidable In individual cases. While the clvll-service officer can not
escape criticism, he may, by courageous and judicious action, if his mental
and moral vision Is clear, steer a safe course past Scylla and Charybdis.
TO MAINTAIN AN EFFICIENT SERVICE A CIVIL-SERVICE LAW MUST APPLY TO THE
PERSONNEL AS WELL AS TO ENTRANCE TO THE SERVICE.
A Study of the clvll-servlce laws of other countries Is convincing to any fair-
minded person that were the oiieration of a clvll-servlce law to cease with
original appointment to the various bureaus and departments of a public
service there could not be uniform and impartial treatment of the entire per-
sonnel, as varying privileges and practices affecting the personnel would arise
In each of the several departments. Hence all these laws provide for general
supervision over the service by the executive head of a government, carried
out by him through the operation of rules and regulations not only having
application to entrance to the service, but also Intended to secure uniformity In
privileges and practices In all the departments, 1. e., uniform treatment of the
entire personnel with respect to appointments, promotions, transfers, rein-
statements, removals, fines, suspensions, leaves of absence, etc.
In the exercise of the i)ower vested in the executive head of a government to
promulgate rules and regulations as provided by law for the purpose of securing
and maintaining a dignified, economical, and efficient public service, being prima-
« These have been omitted and are on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs,
War Department
126 BEPOET OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
rlly reBpouslble for wise administration or good government, he appoints a civil-
service body whose members are directly responsible to him for the proper per-
formance of their duties. Critics of a comprehensive civil-service law who are
sincerely In favor of limiting its application have probably failed to keep
abreast of the civil-service reform movement and have overlooked the signifi-
cant fact tliat in addition to the examination requirements for entering the
civil service the merit system is in most countries being wisely applied to the
personnel of the service, and that the degree of efficiency and good government
the world over largely depends upon the extent and thoroughness of the appli-
cation of this system to the personnel of the public service. With resiject to
the objection raised by some that the powers of chiefs of bureaus are circum-
scribed by the civil-service law and rules, and that the director of the Philip-
pine civil service is Invested with too much authority In addition to the purely
examination functions of his office, provisions of civil-service laws enacted
during the last half dozen years by State and municipal governments In the
United States and elsewhere, defining the powers of civil-service commission-
ers, are interesting and Illuminating. Trial has demonstrated that under the
just and equitable operation of civil-service law and rules efficiency and economy
In the public service have greatly increased in every country where uniformity,
fairness, and impartiality are thus secured by the executive head of a govern-
ment to the entire personnel of the service during the period of employment
as well as for entrance into the service.
FAVORABLE CONDITIONS OF SERVICE.
It is believed the conditions essential to give promise of a career in the
Philippine service are:
Tenure of office for the efficient must be as secure as it is in any other branch
of the United States public service — military, naval, or civil.
No positions should be filled by Americans when competent * and reliable
Filipinos are available who are capable of filling creditably such positions.
If competent and available, Filipinos should be given preference as provided
In the civil service act. Neither American nor Filipino should receive the
salary of a position which he is not capable of proi^erly filling, while subordi-
nates do his work.
Vacancies in the^hlgher grades must be filled by promotion of the most com-
petent as contemplated by the civil service act.
As in the United States Army, Navy, and Marine Corps, there should be, as
stated below, a pension on retirement from the service for disability and re-
tirement pay after a fixed period of service.
PENSION JlND retirement SYSTEM.
In the annual report of this office for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1904, it
was stated that a mass of data covering the general subject of i>enslons and
retirement had been obtained by direction of the governor-general, and It was
further reported:
" Officers and enlisted men of the military and naval services of the United
States receive pay after retirement, and many municipalities In the United
States provide for i>enslonlng iwlicemen and firemen on retirement. Some
business corporations In the United States have adopted pension systems.
" European nations apparently consider the pension system essential to suc-
cessful administration In their colonies. The comments of writers and ob-
servers on the value of a pension and retirement system are favorable to Its
adoption.
" It Is Improbable that a stable and efficient civil service in the Philippine
Islands can be established without the adoption of a pension and retirement
system. The board therefore recommends that the matter be given favorable
consideration.
" Such investigation of the subject as the board has been able to make seems
to warrant the conclusions that for a pension system to be successful: (1)
The cost must be divided between the government and the personnel ; and (2)
employees over 40 years of age when appointed shall not be pensionable."
Governor Wright, In referring to this matter in his report for the fiscal year
1004, stated:
" The policy of providing for a system of retirements and pensions ifor faith-
ful and efficient civil officers and employees who have passed their entire life
EEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF CIVIL SERVICE. 127
In the service has been the subject of discussion between the chairman of the
civil service board and myself, and at my instance he has given the matter
considerable study and investigation. While in the United States such a system
has been often a topic of discussion, it has never passed that stage, but it has
been adopted in some form bx. Great Britain and the nations of continental
Europe. I shall not attempt at this time to enter into a discussion of the
subject or to give the arguments pro and con, or to make any specific recom-
mendation, inasmuch as the finances of the islands do not now warrant incur-
ring obligations for increased expenditures and the matter is not pressing. I
may say, however, that it is a subject which at some future time should be
taken up and fully considered uix)n its merits. We can only expect to establish
a stable and eflacient civil service in the islands by offering inducements to well-
educated young men of high character to make their life career in the Insular
service."
This ofllce has been unable to reach a definite conclusion as to whether or not
the Philippine government should adopt immediately a pension and retirement
system for this service. It is not needed to secure permanency in the Filipino
personnel of the civil service. Moreover, the liberal allowance of accrued leave
and other allowances provide a certain amount of money on retirement in addi-
tion to full pay for all absences during service, which includes periods of illness
of average duration and a maximum absence of six months on account of
wounds or injuries Incurred in the performance of duty. Racial and tempera-
mental characteristics and other conditions make the comparatively mild and
healthful climate of Benguet most available and advantageous for Filipinos at
a minimum of expense. A change of climate so radical as to necessitate physio-
logic adaptation is not desirable. Moreover, the great majority of Filipino
employees will not go abroad, either from disinclination or for other reasons.
On the other hand, a new environment and absence from home render periodical
returns to the home land on the part of Americans both desirable and necessary.
Americans, therefore, need and use accrued leave to visit the United States, and
the money equivalent thereof is required to meet the necessary expenses incident
to making the long Journey to their homes.
Since 1904 the matter of providing for a pension and retirement system for
the United States civil service has been receiving very careful and thorough
consideration. It is understood that a plan has finally been worked out which
meets the approval of the executive and administrative officers of the govern-
ment, and that the subject will be presented to the CJongress for action. In
the event that a pension and retirement system is adopted for the Federal
service by the United States Government, it Is believed that there is no insuper-
able obstacle to extending the privileges of the system to Americans serving In
the Philippine Islands under the Philippine government. Both the United
States civil service rules and the Philippine civil service rules provide for
transfers from one service to the other. There are now In the Philippine
Ber>*Ice a number of officers and employees who before coming to the Philippines
were In the United States civil service. Many officers and employees of this
service have already been transferred to the United States service, and It Is
probable that many others will be so transferred. The inclusion of such officers
and employees within the provisions of the proposed pension and retirement
system for the United States would preserve any equitable rights earned by
them as officers and employees of the Government of the United States, whether
serving in the United States or In the Philippine civil service. There will be,
year by year, a steady decrease in the number — approximately 2,000 — of pen-
sionable Americans in the Philippine civil service. The period of service re-
quired of the American in the Philippines for retirement should, of course, be
shorter than In the United States or than in the Philippine Islands for Filipinos.
It is believed that the Insular government might well be asked to provide for
making up any deficiency on account of the shorter period of service in the
Philippines. If provision were thus made by the United States Government for
Americans in this service, conditions of apiwintment and service would offer a
career, and the declared purpose of the civil service act, "the maintenance of
an efficient and honest civil service in all the executive branches of the govern-
ment of the Philippine Islands," would be practically assured of fulfillment.
The inclusion of this service within the provision of the proposed iienslon plan
for the United States service would not require the United States Government to
increase the appropriation to initiate the system, in view of the fact that com-
paratively few of the American officers and employees of this service have
passed the meridian of life and none of them are old men.
128 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
THE REVISED CIVIL SERVICE ACT,
In the last annual report of this office reference was made to certain provi-
sions In appropriation bills, exempting from the operation of the clvil-servlce
act and rules several hundred positions, by fixing compensations at other than
a per annum rate. This objectionable procedure was changed by the provisions
of the revised civil-service law recently enacted, which is a compilation and
revision of all previously existing laws relating to the Philippine civil service,
including and combining the clvll-servlce act proper and the leave act. In this
new act all prior legislation affecting the civil service was specifically repealed,
and the i)osltions exempted from examination requirements by appropriation
bills as above mentioned were replaced in the classified service. Employees
exempted from examination requirements naturally are not satisfied with their
status, and after gaining a little experience, chiefs of bureaus are constantly
endeavoring to get them into regular classified positions by noncompetitive
examinations or without any examination, on the ground that they have become
valuable and the office can not afford to lose them. It Is apparent that were
these unclassified employees not required to compete with all other applicants
in the regular prescribed competitive examinations for entrance to the classi-
fied service, tlie competitive feature of examinations (the backbone of the
merit system) would be evaded, and employees thus selected by the chief of a
bureau would secure regular appointment through noncompetitive examination,
while better men were waiting for certification and appointment Another
evil flowing from exempted positions, Is the constant temptation of chiefs of
bureaus to assign to classified positions such unclassified employees in viola-
tion of law and rules.
The experience of those sincerely in favor of the competitive examination
eiystem has led them to the conclusion that the power of exemption should be
sparingly exercised, as few regular permanent iwsltlons can be exempted from
examination In the interest of the service. Bearing in mind the lmi)ortant
and far-reaching consequences resulting from the exemption of positions filled
by employees who enjoy none of the benefits and privileges of the civil service
law and are not subject to any of its restrictions, and in particular the trans-
ference to a bureau chief of all control over appointment and employment.
It Is obvious that exemption from examination requirements should be limited
to those positions where In the public Interest exemption Is absolutely neces-
sary.
Those provisions of law which were found by years of experience to be
desirable were retained in the revised clvil-servlce act, some of them in modi-
fled form, while other provisions of former acts were eliminated as obsolete.
Aliens may be appointed only when Filipinos or citizens of the United States
are not available. The provision for reduction of office hours during the so-
called heated season is repealed. Officers and employees may visit foreign
countries with practically the same travel time and expense allowances as have
heretofore been given to those granted leave to visit the United States. SIcilled
laborers who receive less han $1,000 per annum, messengers, watchmen, and
detectives hereafter appointed are not allowed leave under the revised act.
Provision Is made by which the governor-general and heads of departments
may delegate to the director of civil service authority to approve appointments
and to grant leaves of absence, thus saving much unnecessary paper work
relating to leaves of absence and apix)lntments, without in any way lessening
their administrative control over these matters.
PUBLICATIONS.
During the year two editions of the "Manual of Information*' were pub-
lished, and the ** Official Roster for 1907 " was prepared and 700 copies printed
for distribution. The last annual report of the bureau of civil service was
published in Washington; a reprint of the appendix of the report, containing
the civil service laws and rules, was also published by the Bureau of Insular
Affairs for distribution to prospective applicants In the United States.
Respectfully submitted.
William S. Washburn,
Director of Civil Service.
The Governor-General, Manila, P. /.
APPENDIX.
The Revised Civil Sebvice Act.
[No. 1098.]
AN ACT For the regulation of the Philippine civil Hervlce.
By authority of the United States, be it enacted hy the Philippine Commission,
that:
Section 1. This act shall apply to appointments to all positions and employ-
ments in the Philippine civil service, insular or provincial, or of the city of
Manila, now existing or hereafter to be created, the compensations of which
are authorized at an annual, monthly, or dally rate, or otherwise, except the
employment of semiskilled or unskilled laborers whose rate of compensation
is seven hundred and twenty pesos or less per annum, and the employment of
all other persons whose rate of compensation Is two hundred and forty pesos
or less per annum: Provided, That the examination requirements of this act
for entrance into the civil service or for promotion therein shall not apply to
positions filled by the following :
(a) Elected ofllcers.
(6) Employees of the Philippine Assembly selected by it.
(c) Persons apiK)iuted by the governor-general with the advice and consent
of the Philippine Commission, unless otherwise specifically provided by law.
(d) One private secretary to the governor-general and to each of the other
members of the Philippine Commission.
(e) Persons in the military, naval, or civil service of the United States who
may be detailed for the performance of civil duties.
(/) Officers and employees in the department of commerce and police whose
duties are of a guasl-milltary or quasi-naval character.
ig) Officers and employees in the office of the supervising railway ex|)ert
who are exempted by the governor-general from compliance with the clvll-
servlce law and rules.
{h) Postmasters and customs inspectors whose rates of compensation do not
exceed six hundred pesos and three hundred and sixty pesos per annum, re-
spectively, and who may lawfully i)erform the duties of postmaster or customs
ius|)ector In connection with other official duties or in connection with their
private business, such duties of postmaster or inspector requiring only a por-
tion of their time ; postmasters who are required to perform the duties of tele-
^aph operators : Provided, That in the discretion of the director of posts such
I>o8tmasters may be appointed subject to the examination requirements of this
act; postmasters at army posts whose compensation does not exceed twelve
hundred i)esos i)er annum each; and operators and linemen in the bureau of
lK)StS.
(♦) Detectives, secret agents, sheriffs, and deputy sheriffs.
(i) Temporary and emergency employees: Provided, That when the work
to be performed Is temporary In character, or whenever an emergency shall
arise requiring work to be done before It Is practicable to obtain the prior ai>-
l>roval of the director of civil service, the chief of a bureau or office may im-
mediately employ any person, giving preference to ellgibles if available, but
he shall without delay request approval of such temporary or emergency em-
ployment, and the employment of a nonellglble shall cease when the director
of civil service certifies an available eligible who accepts temjwrary or pro-
bational appointment.
Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the director of civil service —
(a) To keep a record of all officers and employees filling positions In the
classified service and of all officers and employees In the unclassified service who
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7 9 129
130 KEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
are entitled to leave of absence provided for in this act, and for the purpose
of this record he is hereby authorized to require each chief of a bureau or
oflSce to furnish the necessary information, in such form and manner as the
director of civil service shall prescribe with the approval of the governor-
general. An official roster shall be published at intervals to be fixed by the
governor-general.
(6) To keep a record of the absences of all officers and employees entitled
to the leave of absence provided for in this act, and for the puri>ose of this
record he is hereby authorized to require each chief of a bureau or office to
cause to be kept a record of the attendance of such officers and employees and
to rei)ort to the director of civil service, in the form and manner prescribed
by him and approved by the govenior-general, all absences from duty of such
officers and employees from any cause, whatever.
(c) To render an annual report, on or before the first day of July of each
year, to the governor-general showing the work performed by the bureau of
civil service, the rules which have been certified by the director of civil service
and approved by the governor-general and the practical effect thereof, and sug-
gestions for carrying out more effectually the purpose of this act, which is here-
by declared to be the maintenance of an efficient and honest civil service in alt
the executive branches of the government of the Philippine Islands.
(d) To supervise the preparation and rating and have control of all examina-
tions in the Philippine Islands under this act. The director of civil service,
with the approval of the governor-general or proper head of department, may
designate a suitable number of persons in the Philippine civil service to con-
duct examinations and to serve as members of examining committees. When
examiners with special, technical, or professional qualifications are required
for the preparation or rating of examination papers the director of civil serv-
ice may designate competent i)erson8 in the service for such si)ecial duty. The
duties required of members of examining committees, or of s|)ecial examiners,
shall be considered as part of their official duties and shall bo performed with-
out extra compensation. When persons can not be foimd in the Philippine
service with the necessary qualifications for such special examining work as
may be required, the director of civil service is authorized to employ at a rea-
sonable conii)ensatlon persons not in public eniploj-ment for such work, which
comi)ensation shall be paid on the order of the director of civil service out of
the general funds appropriated for the puriwsos of the bureau of civil service.
(r) To make investigations and report upon all matters relating to the en-
forcement of this act and the rules adopted hereunder. In making such investi-
gations the officers and diily authorized examiners of the bureau of civil service
are empowere<l to administer oaths, to summon witnesses, and to require the
production of official books and records which may be relevant to such investi-
gation, and they may also administer such oaths as may be necessary in the
transiiction of any olHcial business of the bureau of civil service.
(/) To prepare and certify to the governor-general rules adapted to tlie
carrying out of the provisions of this act. It shall be the duty of all officers
in the Philippine civil service to aid. in all proi)or ways. In carrying said rules
and any modifications thereof Into effect: ProvidaU That the rules so preimred
and certified shall not take effect until approved by the governor-general and
promulgated by his executive order.
Sec. 3. The rul(»s to be prepared and certified by the director of civil service
shall, among other things, provide —
(a) For the preparation and holding in Manila and In the provinces of open
comi)etltlve examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for api)olntment to
the classified service, and for the i)roparation and the holding of examinations
in the United States under the auspices of the IJnltetl States civil service com-
mission.
(b) For the holding of competitive exaniinations when practicable: Provided,
That appointment to those positions requiring technical, [)rofcssiona!, or scien-
tific knowledge may be made as a result of competitive or noncomi)etltlve exam-
ination: Atid provided further. That nom'()mi)etitive examinations may be given
when applicants fail to compete after due notice has been given of an oi)en com-
petitive examination, or when in the opinion of the director of civil service the
holding of a comi>otitive examination would not result in socuring comiwtitors.
(c) For the selection of skill(»d workmen by such examinations, comT»etltlve
or noncomi>etltIve, as may be r>nictl<'able. and which need not relate to more
than the capacity of the applicants to labor, their habits of industry and sobri-
ety, and their honesty.
BEPOBT OF THE DIBBGTOB OF CIVIIi SEBVICE. 181
(djTFor the examination of applicants in Spanish and English whenever
a knowledge of both languages is essential to an efficient discharge of the duties
of the position sought.'
(e) For a thorough physical examination by a competent physician of every
applicant for examination in the I7nited States, for such physical examination
in the Philippine Islands as in the discretion of the director of civil service may
be necessary, and for rejection of every applicant found to be physically disquali-
fied for efficient service in the Philippine Islands.
(/) For the allowance in examinations of credit for experience.
iff) For certification by the director of civil service to the different bureaas
and offices of those rated highest according to average i)ercentage on the civil-
service list of eligiblea
(h) For a period of probation before the appointment or employment is
made permanent.
(i) For competitive or noncomi)etitive promotion examinations whenever
practicable.
U) For transfers from one branch of the classified service to another, or
from the Federal classified civil service of the United States to the classified
civil service of the Philippine Islands, under limitations to t>e fixed by the rules.
ik) For the conditions under which reinstatements in the service may be
made.
(0 For fixing age limits of applicants for entrance into the classified service.
(m) For eliciting from all applicants for examination and from iiersons
now in the service full information as to their citizenship, nativity, age, educa-
tion, physical qualifications, and such other information as may reasonably be
required affecting their fitness for the service.
(n) For the procedure in making appointments to the service, separations
therefrom, and suspensions and reductions therein.
(o) For regulating hours of labor and the allowance of leaves of absence
(including the withholding of salary for leave granted) and of traveling ex-
penses and half salary for i)ersons entitled thereto.
Sec. 4. The bureau of civil service sliall have-a permanent office in the city of
Manila. When examinations are held by the bureau of civil service, either in
Manila or in the provinces, officers having the custody of public buildings shall
allow the reasonable use thereof for the purpose of holding such examinations.
Sec 5. (a) No i)erson shall be api)ointed or employed in the civil service of
Che Philippine Islands except as provided by law, or, in the provincial service,
by a resolution of the proi)er provincial board approved by the executive sec-
retary, and In accordance with this act. No i)erson api>ointed to or employed
in the classified service in violation of law or of civil-nervlce rules shall be
entitled to receive salary or wages from the government, but the chief of the
bureau or office who makes such unauthorized apiwlutment or employment shall
be personally responsible to the i)erson illegally api)ointed for the salary which
would have accrued to him had tlie ai)iK)intment or employment been made in
accordance with law and clvil-servlce rules, and i)ayment shall be made to him
out of the salary of such chief of the bureau or office by the disbursing officer.
When the director of civil service shall find that any i)er8t)n Is holding a iwsltlon
in the classified civil service In violation of law, he shall certfy Information of
the fact to the insular auditor and to the disbursing officer through whom the
Iiayment of salary or wages to such i>erson Is by law recinlred to be made. If
the insular auditor shall find that a disbursing officer has luild or i)ermltted to
be iNiid salary or wages to any iierson Illegally holding a classlfl(Hl iK)sitiou, the
whole amount ymid shall be disallowed and the disbursing officer shall not
receive credit for the same unless the insular auditor shall find that the chief
of the bureau or office is responsible, as above provided, for the payment of
salary or wages to such person and that such imyment is not due to the failure
of the disbursing officer to obtain proper evidence as herein required. In case
the disbursing officer is not responsible for the illegal i)jiynient, he shall be
directed to withhold from the Siilary of the chief of the bureau or office resiwn-
sible for the illegal employment an amount equal to that disallowed by the
Insular auditor. A disbursing officer, the head of any de|)artment, bureau, or
office, or the insular auditor, may apply for, and the director of civil service
shall render, a decision uiwn any question as to whether a position Is In the
classified or in the unclassified civil service, or whether the api)Ointnient of
any person to a classified [Kisition has been made In accordance with law, which
decision, when rendered, shall be final unless reversed by the governor-general
on appeal.
132 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
(6) No person appointed to any unclassified position shall be assigned to or
employed In a position the duties of which are clerical, vpr shall he be assigned
to or employed in any other position in the classified service.
(c) No i^erson appointed to a i)osltion In the classified service shall, without
the approval of the director of civil service, be assigned to or employed in a
position of a grade or character not contemplated by the examination from the
results of which appointment was made, unless otherwise provided by law.
Sec. 6. In the appointment of officers and employees under the provisions
of this act, the appointing oflicer in his selection from the list of eligibles
furnished to him by the director of civil service shall, where other qualifications
are equal, prefer —
First. Natives of the Philippine Islands or persons who have, under and by
virtue of the treaty of Paris, acquired the political rights of natives of the
Islands.
Second. Persons who have served as members of the Army, Navy, or Marine
Corps of the United States and have been honorably discharged therefrom.
Third. Citizens of the United States.
Provided, however. That with the approval of the governor-general, persons
other than those hereinbefore named in this section may be appointed.
Sec. 7. If competent persons are found in the service who in the judgment
of the appointing iwwer are available and iwssess the qualifications required,
vacancies In the position of chiefs and of assistant chiefs of bureaus and offices
and In the iwsltlon of superintendent shall be filled by promotion of such
l>ersons without examination : Provided, however, That an examination may
be given when requested by the governor-general or proper head of department.
. Sec. 8. Any person who shall willfully and corruptly, by himself or In
cooperation with one or more persons, defeat, deceive, or obstruct any person
In the matter of his right of examination by the bureau of civil service; or who
shall willfully or corruptly make a false rating, grading, estimate, or reiK)rt
ui>on the examination or standing of any i^erson examined hereunder, or aid
in so doing; or who shall willfully or corruptly make any false representations
rohitlve thereto or concerning the i>ersons examined; or who shall willfully and
falsely or corruptly use or furnish any information for the purpose of injuring
the prospects or chances of employment, appointment, or promotion of any person
so examined or to be examined, or who shall willfully furnish any special or
secret Information which will give to the i)erson to be examined an unfair
advantage In the examination, shall for each offense be punished by a fine not
exceeding two thousand pesos, or by imprisonment for a i)eriod not exceeding
one year, or by both4?uch fine and imprisonment. In the discretion of the court.
Sec. 9. Any person who shall willfully become the beneficiary of an act in
violation of the last preceding section shall be punished as provided in that
section.
Sec 10. No person In the Philippine civil service shall be imder obligation
to contribute to a political fund or to render any political service, nor shall
he be removed or otherwise prejudiced for refusing to contribute or render any
such service, and no officer or employee In the Philippine civil service shall
directly or indirectly solicit, collect, or receive from any other officer or employee
subject to his orders or under his jurisdiction, any money or other valiuible
thing to be applied to the promotion of any jwlitlcal object whatever. Any
person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be removed from
oflice and shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand pesos or by
imprisonment not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment
in the discretion of the court.
Sec. 11. No Inquiry shall be made and no consideration whatever shall be
given to any information relative to the i)olitlcal or religious opinions or affilia-
tions of persons examined, or to be examined, for entrance into the service, or
of officers or employees In the matter of promotion: Provided, however. That
disloyalty to the United States of America as the supreme authority In these
islands shall be a complete disqualification for holding office in the Philippine
civil service: And prorided further. That no person shall be eligible for exam-
ination or appointment under the provisions of this Acf who, after the thir-
tieth day of April, nineteen hundred and one, has been in arms against the
authority of the United States in the Philippine* Islands, or who has given aid
and comfort to enemies of the United States or who after the passage of this
act shall have been in arms against the authority of the United States In the
Philippine Islands or shall have given aid and comfort to the enemies of the
United States ; this provision shall not apply to those persons who were in arms
BEPOBT OF THE DIBECTOB OF CIVIL SBBVICE. 183
against the anthority and sovereignty of the United States in the Philippine
Islands, or their alders or abettors, prior to Jnly fourth, nineteen hundred and
two, who came within the provisions of the proclamation of amnesty of the
President of the United States Issued upon said date, and who have complied
with the terms of said proclamation.
Sec. 12. Every applicant for admission to the Philippine civil service shall,
before being admitted to examination in the islands, take and subscribe tho
following oath before a notary public or other officer authorized to administer
oaths : '
**OATH OF APPLICANT.
" I ' , having applied for admission to the civil
service of the Philippine Islands, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I recog-
nize and accept the supreme authority of the Ui^Ited States of America In these
islands and will maintain true faith and allegiance thereto; that I will obey
the laws, legal orders, and decrees promulgated by Its duly constituted authori-
ties; that I impose upon myself this obligation voluntarily, without mental
reservation or purpose of evasion. So help me God. (The last four words to
be stricken out in case of affirmation.)
(Signature) "
" Subscribed and sworn to (or affirmed) before me this
day of 19
The oath of the applicant shall be filed with his application for examination.
Sec. 13. The officers and employees In the Philippine civil service shall be
arranged In the following classes, and, unless otherwise provided by law, it
shall be understood that the minimum amount specified for each class indicates
the annual salary of each officer or employee in that class ;
ClassJL. All persons receiving an annual salary of six thousand pesos or
more, or a compensation at the rate of six thousand pesos or more per annum.
(Tlass 2. All persons receiving an annual salary of five thousand five hundred
jiesos or more, or a comi)ensation at the rate of five thousand five hundred pesos
or more, but less than six thousand i)esos per annum.
Glass 3. All persons receiving an annual salary of five thousand pesos or
more, or a compensjition at the rate of five thousand pesos or more, but less
than five thousand five hundred pesos per annum.
Class 4. ^ill persons receiving an annual sjilary of four thousand five hun-
dred i)esos or more, or a compensation at the rate of four thousand five hundred
pesos or more, but less than five thousand pesos per annum.
Class 5. All persons receiving an annual salary of four thousand pesos or
more, or a compensation at the rate of four thousand i^esos'or more, but less
than four thousand five hundred pesos per annum.
('LASS 0. All iKjrsons receiving an annual salary of three thousand six hun-
dred pesos or more, or a comi)ensation at the rate of three thousand six hundred
pesos or more, but less than four thousand pesos i)er annum.
Class 7. All persons receiving an annual salary of three thousand two hun-
dred pesos or more, or a compensation at the rate of three thousand two
hundred iJesos or more, but less than three thousand six hundred iiesos i)er
annum.
Class 8. All persons receiving an annual salary of two thousand eight hun-
dred i)esos or more, or a compensation at the rate of two thousand eight
hundred i)esos or more, but less than three thousand two hundred pesos per
annum.
Class 9. All persons receiving an annual salary of two thousand four hun-
dred pesos or more, or a compensation at the rate of two thousand four hundred
l>esos or more, but less than two thousand eight hundred pesos per annum.
Class 10. All jiersons receiving an annual salary of two thousand pesos or
more, or a compensation at the rate of two thousand i^esos or more, but less
than two thousand four hundred i>esos i>er annum.
Class A. All persons receiving an annual salary of one thousand eight hun-
dred pesos or more, or a compensation at the rate of one thousand eight hun-
dred pesos or more, but less than two thousand i)esos i)er annum.
Class B. All persons receiving an annual salary of one thousand six hundred
and eighty pesos or more, or a compensation at the rate of one thousand six
134 BEPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMBilSSION.
hundred and eighty pesos or more, but less than one thousand eight hundred
pesos per annum.
Class C All persons receiving an annual salary of one thousand four hun-
dred and forty pesos or more, or a compensation at the rate of one thousand
four hundred and forty pesos or more, but less than one thousand six hundred
and eighty pesos per annum.
Class D. All i)ersons receiving an annual salary of one thousand two hundred
pesos or more, or a compensation at the rate of one thousand two hundred
I)esos or more, but less than one thousand four hundred* and 'forty pesos per
annum.
Class E. All persons receiving au annual salary of one thousand and eighty
pesos or more, or a compensation at the rate of one thousand and eighty pesos
or more, but less than one thousand two hundred pesos per annum.
Class F. All iiersous receiving an annual salary of nine hundred and sixty
l)esos or more, or a compensation at the rate of nine hundred and sixty i^esos
or more, but less than one thousand and eighty pesos per annum.
Class G. All persons receiving an annual salary of eight hundred and forty
pesos or more, or a compensation at the rate of eight hundred and forty pesos
or more, but less than nine hundred and sixty i>esos per annum.
Class H. All persons receiving an annual salary of seven hundred and twenty
pesos or more, or a compensation at the rate of seven hundred and twenty
pesos or more, but less than eight hundred and forty pesos per annum.
Class I. All persons receiving an annual salary of six hundred pesos or more,
or a comiiensation at the rate of six hundred pesos or more, but less than seven
hundred and twenty pesos per annum.
Class J. All persons receiving an annual salary of four hundred and eighty
I)esos or more, or a» compensation at the rate of four hundred and eighty pesos
or more, but less than six hundred pesos per annum.
Class K. All persons receiving an annual salary of less than four hundred
and eighty pesos, or a comi)ensatlou at the rate of less than four hundred and
eighty pesos i)er annum.
Sec 14. AU appointments to and removals from subordinate positions In the
Philippine civil service shall be made by the chiefs of bureaus or offices subject
to the aproval or direction of the governor-general or proper hetid of depart-
ment: Provided^ however, That somiskllled or unskilled laborers whose em-
ployment is authorized by law may bo employed and discharged by chiefs of
bureaus or offices under the general control of the governor-general or proi>er
head of department. The employment or discharge of temporary or emer-
gency employees shall be made and rei)orted in accordance with the provisions
of this act.
Sec. 15. In case of the temporary absence or disability of the chief of any
bureau or office, or in case of a vacancy in such position, any officer or employee
in such bureau or office may be designated by the governor-general or proper
head of department temporarily to i>erform the duties of such chief of bureau
or office without additional comi)eusatlon unless there is a vacancy in the position
or the chief Is absent from duty without pay and unless the order designating
such person shall provide additional compensation, in which latter case the per-
son designated shall receive the compensation provided in said order, not ex-
ceeding the salary authorized by law for said position. In case of the tempo-
rary absence or disiiblllty of any subordinate officer or employee in any bureau
"or office, the chief of such bureau or office may designate any other subordinate
officer or employee in his bureau or office temporarily to perform the duties of
the officer or employee who Is thus absent or disabled, and It shall be the duty
of the person so designated to perform the duties so assigned to him without
additional compensation. Whenever any officer or employee shall be designated
by proi)er authority for the temporary performance of the duties of chief or of
any subordinate officer or employee of a bureau or office, the person so desig-
nated shall be reimbursed for any additional exjx^nse which he is obliged to
incur on account of a bond premium in the position to which he has been so
designated, and such reimbursement shall be made from the appropriation for
the department, bureau, or office in which the services are rendered by reason
of such designation: Provided, That no reimbursement shall be made to per-
sons receiving the full comi)ensation attached to the position the duties of which
they are designated to perform as herein set forth.
Sec 1G. For neglect of duty or violation of reasonable office regulations, or
In the interests of the public ser\'Ice, chiefs of bureaus or offices are hereby
authorized to reduce the salary or comi)ensatIon of any subordinate officer or
BEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF CIVIL SERVICE. 135
employee, to deduct from his pay ii sum not exceeding one month's pay, or as
a punishment to suspend him without pay for a period not exceeding two.
months : Provided, however , That if the officer or employee thus punished Is in
the classified service or is entitled to the accrued leave provided for in this
act such deduction from pay or such suspension without pay as a punishment
shall receive the approval of the governor-general or proper head of deixirtment,
.after having been submitted to the director of civil service for recommenda-
tion: And provided further, That any reduction in salary or deduction of pay
or any punishment by suspension without pay as provided for in this section
shall not aflTect the right of the person thus disciplined to accrued leave of
absence, but in the event of his suspension from duty no accrued leave of ab-
sence shall be allowed for the time he is thus 8usi>ended as a punishment:
And provided further. That when the chief of a bureau or office suspends an
officer or employee* i)ending investigation of charges against such officer or
employee, and subsequently restores such officer or employee to duty, no pay-
ment shall be made for the period of susi)eusion unless otherw^ise directed by
the governor-general or proi)er head of department.
Sec. 17. Nothing herein shall be construed to prevent the Philippine Com-
mission from making appointments to or removals from positions in the Philip-
pine civil service of its own motion under the general i)owers conferred upon
it by the instructions of the President of the Tnited States.
Sec. 18. Upon the approval of the governor-general or proix?r head of depart-
ment first had, a vacancy in a position of any class may be filled by the appoint-
ment of one person or more of a lower class: Provided, That the aggregate of
salaries i)aid is not greater than the salary tiuthorized by law for that position.
Sec. 11). With the approval of the governor-general or proi)er head of dei)art-
•cnent, and after the recommendation of the director of civil service has been
had as to the matter, any chief of bureau or office may make changes in the
authorized iMJsltions and salaries of his bureiiu or office: Provided, That the
total charge for salaries and wages slinli not exceed the amount authorized by
law: And provided further. That the positions or sjilaries of officials apix)inted
by the Secretary of War, or by the governor-general with the advice and consent
of the Philippine Commission, shall not be subject to change as hereinbefore
provided.
Sec. 20. Whenever in his judgment the public interest will be promoted by
the consolidation of two or more ai>pointIve i)ositions, the governor-general may
declare such positions to be consolidateil, may fix the salary of the position
resulting therefrom at not to exceed seventy-five per centum of the sum of the
salaries of the positions consolidated, and may apiK)rtlon the salary so fixed
among the branches of the government servcnl by the officer or employee receiv-
ing the same.
Sec 21. Whenever two or more appointive positions have been consolidated as
provided in the preceding section of this act, the governor-general may restore
them to their previous status when In his opinion the public Interest is no longer
served by such consolidation, and thereupon the salaries payable to the sei3-
arated positions shall be the same as were authorized at the time of consoli-
dation.
Sec 22. The required office hours of all bureaus and offices in the Philippine
civil service shall be fixed by executive order of the governor-general, but they
shall not be less than six and one-half hours of labor each day, not including
time for lunch and exclusive of Sundays and of days declared public holidays
by law or executive order: Provided, That when the nature of the duties to be
performed or the interests of the public service require it, ofiicers and employees
may, by direction of the chief of the bureau or office, be required to work on
Sundays and holidays without additional compensjition unless otherwise spe-
cifically authorized by law. It shall be the duty of chiefs of bureaus or offices
to require of all employees, of whatever grade or class, not less than the number
of hours of labor authorlzetl by law or extvutlve order, but the head of any
department, bureau, or office may, in the interests of the public service, extend
the daily hours of labor therein siKK-lfied for any or all of the employees under
him, and in case of such extension it shall be without additional compensation
unless otherwise provided by law: Provided, hoicevcr, That on Saturdays
throughout the year the governor-general may, by executive order, reduce the
required number of hours of labor to five hours. This executive order shall
not oblige the head of a department, bureau, or office in the Philippine civil
service to reduce the hours of labor to five hours, but It shall be within his
discretion to reduce the number of hours if consistent with the needs of the
136 REPOBT OF THE PHTI.IPPINE COMMISSION.
public service; nor shall this provision be regarded as conferring u right upon
officers or employees. Unless specifically authorized by law no payment may
he made for overtime work. The length of sessions of the courts shall be regu-
lated by existing law, and the provisions of this section shall not apply to
Judges. The number of hours for the daily sessions of the public schools shall
be fixed by the secretary of public instruction, but they shall not be less than
five hours a day.
Sec. 23. (a) After at least two years' continuous, faithful, and satisfactory
service, the governor-general or proper head of department shall, subject to
the necessities of the public service, and upon proper application therefor, grant
each regularly and permanently appointed officer or employee in the civil
service, insular or provincial, or of the city of Manila, except as hereinafter
provided, accrued leave of absence with full pay, inclusive of Sundays and of
days declared public holidays by law or executive order, for each year of
service In accordance with the following schedule: An employee receiving an
annual salary of less than eighteen hundred pesos shall be granted twenty days'
leave; an employee receiving an annual salary of from twelve hundred to
eighteen hundred pesos with board and quarters, and an officer or employee
receiving an annual salary of eighteen hundred pesos or more, but less than
three thousand six hundred pesos, shall be granted thirty days' leave; an offi-
cer or employee receiving an annual salary of three thousand six hundred
pesos or more, shall be granted thirty-five days* leave. Leave shall accrue
while an pfficer or employee Is on duly authorized leave of absence with pay.
(6) If an officer or employee elects to postpone the taking of any or all of
the leave to which he is entitled under this section, such leave may accumulate
and if his salary changes he shall receive the same amount of leave and pay
as if he had taken the leave while receiving the salary at which it accrued ^
Provided, however, That after January first, nineteen hundred and five, no per-
son shall at any time have to his credit more than the accrued leave allowed
for five years* service.
(c) An officer or employee who has served in the islands for three years or
more, and who has accumulated to his credit the accrued leave allowed for two
full years, may be granted permission to visit the United States or any other
country in the discretion of the governor-general or proper head of department,
with the half -pay and traveling-expense allowances hereinafter provided:
Provided, That such permission shall not be granted oftener than once in every
thrt»e years.
(d) A person in the teaching service shall not be granted accrued leave in
accordance with the schedule provided in this section, but in lieu thereof he
may be granted leave on full pay during vacation periods, with permission to
si)end a vacation period in the United States or in any other country with the
approval of the secretary of public instruction, not oftener than once in every
three years.
(e) In case an officer, teacher, or other employee is granted leave to visit
the United States, he shall be allowed, with half pay in addition to the leave
granted, sixty days for the time occupied by him in going to and returning from
the United States if he is serving in Manila, and if serving in the provinces
sixty days plus the actual and necessary time consumed from date of departure
from station to date of departure from Manila, and on returning, from date of
arrival at Manila to date of arrival at station, such half salary to be paid on
return to duty ; if he is granted permission to visit any other country he shall
be allowed under the same conditions, and in lieu of the sixty days* half pay
above provided, actual and necessary travel-time with half pay not exceeding
sixty days. On the completion of two years of continuous, faithful, and satis-
factory service, after returning to the islands from leave of absence to visit the
United States granted for three or more years* service, he shall be allowed his
actual and necessary traveling expenses from his place of residence In the
United States to Manila if he come by the route and steamer directed, and if
returning from any other country or from the United States, not residing there-
in, he shall be allowed his actual and necessary traveling expenses to Manila
from the port of embarkation in the United States or such other country not
exceeding four hundred pesos.
(/) The following classes of persons shall not be entitled to the leave pro-
vided in this section :
1. Semiskilled and unskilled laborers and skilled laborers hereafter ap-
pointed whose rate of compensation is less than two thousand pesos per
annum.
BEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 01* CIVIL SERVICE. 187
2. Temporary and emergency employees.
3. Persons whose compensations are authorized at other than a per annum
rate, except officers detailed from the military, naval, or civil service of the
United States.
4. Persons enlisted for a term of years.
5. Detectives hereafter ap]x>inted except where appointment is by transfer
from a leave-earning position, and secret agents.
6. Messengers and watchmen.
7. Postmasters who are required to perform the duties of telegraph operators
except postmasters who are appointed subject to the examination requirements
of this act, postmasters at army posts whose compensation does not exceed one
thousand two hundred pesos per annum each, and operators and linemen in the
bureau of posts.
8. Persons who receive compensation for official duties performed in connec-
tion with private business, vocation, or profession, such duties requiring only a
portion of their time. •
iff) The provisions of this section shall be retroactive in effect so as to entitle
officers and employees of the Philippine civil service, whether serving as such
by regular appointment or by detail from the Army, the Navy, or the civil
service of the United States, previous to the passage of this act, to any accrued
leave to which they would have been entitled had act numbered eighty, as
amended, been applicable to them at the date of their employment or detail,
computing the leave in the case of an officer on the basis of the salary and
allowances received while on detail, and in the case of an enlisted man on the
basis of first salary received in the Philippine civil service. No application for
leave of absence presented by an officer or employee shall be considered if his
application is not presented within six months of the date of the acceptance of
his resignation.
{h) An officer or employee separated from the service for cause, or who
commits an act which requires his separation from the service, shall not be
granted leave or any of the other privileges provided in this section and in the
following sections:
Sec. 24. After at least six months* continuous, faithful, and satisfactory
service the governor-general or proper head of department nmy, in his dis-
cretion, grant to each officer or employee entitled to the accrued leave provided
in this act. In addition to such accrued leave, vacation leave of absence with full
pay. Inclusive of Sundays and of days declared public holidays by law or
executive order, for each calendar year of service, in accordance with the
following schedule: An officer or employee receiving an annual salary of less
than two thousand pesos may be granted twenty-one days* vacation leave; an
officer or employee receiving anjinnual salary of two thousand pesos or more,
or a trained nurse, may be granted twenty-eight days* vacation leave. Vacation
leave must be taken within the calendar year in which it is earned, or in the
first two months of the following calendar year. The vacation leave providetl
for only one calendar year may be allowed in connection with accrued leave
granted. In cases qf resignation, vacation leave shall not be allowed In addition
to accrued leave. All applications for vacation leave shall be piade ou a form
prescribed by the director of civil service.
Sec. 25. (a) Absence from duty of teachers, due to illness, shall f)e cliarj?cHl
against their vacations, and with the consent of the secretary of public in-
struction they may remain on duty during vacations for a period equal to that
lost on account of Illness, In which case no deduction of pay shall be made on
account of absence caused by illness.
(6) Absence of other regularly and i>ernianently appointed officers and em-
ployees in the Philippine civil service on account of illness shall be charged first
against vacation leave and then against accrued leave, until both are exhausted,
when further absence shall be without pay.
ic) Payment of salary to au officer or employee for any absence during his
first six months of service properly chargeable to vacation leave, or during
his first two years of service properly chargeable to accrued leave, shall be
withheld until such leave may properly be taken under the provisions of this act :
Provided, however. That in case of absence due to illness the governor-general
or proper head of department may direct that payment for such absence be
not withheld if not in excess of the vacation and accrued leave to his credit.
id) In case an officer or employee in the civil service, insular or provincial,
or of the city of Manila, permanent or temporary, is wounded or injured in the
performance of duty, the governor-general or proi)er head of department may
direct that absence during the period of dlsiibillty caused by such wound or
188 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
injury shall be on full pay for a period not exceeding six uionlhs: Provided,
That if the officer or employee is entitled to the vacation leave provided in sec-
tion twenty-four of this act, absence for this reason shall be charged first
against such vacation leave: And provided further. That the governor-general
or proper head of department may, in his discretion, authorize payment of med-
ical attendance, necessary transportation, and hospital fees for officers and em-
ployees so wounded or injured : And provided further. That payments made
under this paragraph shall not be made from the appropriation for general
puri>oses when the bureau or office concerned has an available appropriation for
contingent exi>ense8 or* public works, as the case may be, from which such pay-
ments can be made, nor shall the provisions of this section be construed to
cover sickness as distinguished from physical wounds.
Sec. 20. If a regularly apiwinted officer or employee in the rhilippine civil
service who has rendered faithful and satisfactory service shall die while in
the servic^ the unused accrued leave that might have been granted at the
time of delith shall be determined, and the salary equivalent of the accrueil
leave shall be paid to the i)erson or persons entitled to receive his estate.
Skc. 27. Tlie governor-general or proper head of department may, in his
discretion, commute accrued leave of absence granted to persons entitled thereto
and vacation granted to teachers, and authorize the payment of the amounts
so granted in a gross sum from the appropriation from which their salaries
should properly be paid: Provided, That whenever upon the resignation or
deatli of an officer or employee it is in the interests of the public service that
the position occupied by him be immediately filled, the governor-general or
proi)er head of department may direct that the leave granted him he commuted
from any unexpended available funds appropriated for salaries and wages In
the bureau, office, or province from which separatcnl : And provided further.
That except on retirement from the service, leave of absence shall not be com-
muted to any officer or emploj^ee who remains In the Islands during the period
of his leave: And provided further. That no officer or employee whose leave of
absence has been cc^nmiuted shall be iKjrmltted to return to duty before the
expiration of the period covered by such leave until he has refunded to the
proper disbursing officer the money value of the unused portion of the leave of
absence so commuted: Aud provided further. That In the case of an officer or
emi)loyee separated from the service through lack of work or the abolition of
his position, the govenior-general or proper liead of department may, In his
discretion, allow the reinstatement of such officer or employee without requir-
ing the refund of the money value of the unused portion of the leave of absence
hereinbefore mentioned.
Sec. 28. All applications for accrued leave of absence shall be made on a form
prescribed by the director of civil service, and shall first be acted uix)n by the
chief of the bureau or office, and by him submitted to the director of civil serv-
ice for recommendation. The application shall then he forwarded to the head
of the department In which the applicant is emi)loyed for his final decision,
except in respect to those bureaus or offices not under any department. In which
case It shall be forwarded to the governor-general for his final decision : Pro-
vided, hoxcever. That the governor-general or proi)er head of department may
authorize the director of civil service to grant accrued or vacation leave of
absence In all cases in which he approves the recommendations of the chief
of the bureau or office in regard to such leave.
Sec. 25). The api)oIntment of all iwrsons residing in the T'nlted Slates to the
rhilippine civil service, whether by transfer from the United States civil serv-
ice or otherwise, shall be subject to the following conditions:
(o) A person residing in the Unltetl States who is appointed to the Philip-
pine civil service may pay his traveling expens<'s from the place of his resi-
dence in the UnltcHl States to Manila : Provided, That If any part of his trav-
eling exiienses is borne by the government of the Philippine Islands, ten per
centum of his monthly salary shall be retained until the amount retained is
equal to the amount home by the goveniment: And provided further, That if
he shall come by the route and steamer directed his actual and necessary trav-
eling expenses shall be refundetl to hini at the expiration of two j-ears*' satis-
factory service In the Philippines.
(b) He shall be allowed half salary from the date of embarkation and full
salary from the date of his arrival In the Islands: Provided, That he procetni
directly to the islands; otherwise he shall be allowed half salary for such time
only as is ordinarily re<iuired to i)erform the journey by the route dirt»cted :
And provided further, That such half salary sliall not be paid until after the
expiration of two years of satisfactory service in the Philippines.
BEPOBT OF THE DIBECTOK OP CIVIL SERVICE. 189
(c) A person residing in the United States accepting an appointment to a
position in the civil service of the government of the Philip[)ine Islands, under
the conditions named in this act, shall, before receiving such appointment, exe-
cute a contract and deliver it to the chief of the bureau of insular affairs. War
Department, wherein the appointee shall stipulate that he will remain in the
service of the government of the Philippine Islands for at least two years
unless released by the governor-general or proper head of department. A breach
of the conditions provided in the contract or a removal for cause shall require
the proper officer to withhold payment of all salary and traveling expenses due
to the person employed and who has violated the conditions of his contract or
been removed foF cause, and shall debar such i)erson from ever entering again
the public service of the Philippine government in any of its branches. In such
case an action shall lie for the recovery of the amount exi^ended by the govern-
ment in bringing the employee to the Philippine Islands.
id) Irresi^ective of leave granted, a regularly appointed officer or em-
ployee who has rendered continuous, faithful, and satisfactory service for three
years or more after arrival In the Philippine Islands, shall, upon his retirement
from the service, be allowed half salary for thirty days in addition to full salary
for the period which may be granted him as leave of absence under the provi-
sions of this act ; and if apiwlnted prior to January twelfth, nineteen hundred
and four, he shall also be furnished transportation from Manila to San Vmn'
Cisco, or transi)ortation of equal cost to the government by any other route:
Provided, That such transi)ortatlon must be used within six months after
retirement from the service.
Sec. 30. The provisions of this act shall not ajiply to judges of the supreme
court, the courts of first Instiince, or tlie court of land registration, but their
leaves of absence and traveling expenses shall be governed by existing law or
such law as may be hereafter enacted.
Sec. 31. All si)ecial contracts made with apix)lntees of the Philippine civil
service prior to the passage of this act shall remain unaffected by the terms
and provisions of this act.
Sec. 32. Act numbered five as amended by act numbered forty-seven, section
two of act numbered seventy -eight, secttlons three and four of act numbered
one hundred and sixty-seven as amended by sections one and two of act num-
bered three hundred and six, act uumberetl one hundred and sixty-eight, act
numbered two hundred and twenty, act numbered three hundred and six, act
numt)ered five hundred and eighty-nine, and act numbered one thousand and
seventy-two; act numbered twenty-five as amended by act numbered three
hundred and one, act numbered three hundred and twenty-nine, act numbered
five hundred and eighty-eight, and act numbered one thousand and ninety-six ;
sections one and nineteen of act numbered one hundred and two ; act numbered
three hundred and ninety-two; act numbered four hundred and eight as
amended by act numbered eleven hundred and ninety-seven; act numbered six
hundred and twenty-six ; act numbered one thousand and forty as amended by
act numbered twelve hundred and seventy-six; act numbered sixteen hundred
and seven ; act numbered sixteen hundred and seventy-four ; sections three, four,
five, and six of act numbered sixteen hundred and seventy-nine; and all other
acts or parts of acts inconsistent with this act ; are hereby repealed : Provided,
That nothing in this section shall be decerned to revive act numbered eighty or
any other act repealed by any of the acts herein mentioned.
Sec. 33. The public good requiring the siwedy enactment of this bill, the
passage of the same Is hereby expetlited In accordance with section two of
"An act prescribing the order of procedure hy the Commission in the enactment
of laws," passed September twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred.
Sec 34. This act shall take effect on August thirty-first, nineteen hundred and
seven, and shall be known as the revised civil service act.
Enacted, August 26, liK)7.
Opinions of the Attorney-General.
An officer or employee who is separated from the service for cause loses all rights to
leave of absence.
Under sections 2 and 3 of act No. 1040 the granting of leaves of absence
♦ * * presupposes that the employee's service has been satisfactory. When
an official has been separated from the service for "cause" he has evidently
not rendei-ed satisfactory service, and consequently loses all his rights to any
leave. (Opinion of Apr. 14, 11)04; 382-A.)
140 HEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Municipal treasurers acting as deputy provincial treasurers aVe not entitled to leave
of absence.
Municipal treasurers acting as deputy provincial treasurers are not entitled
to leave of absence under act No. 1040. Subsection c of section 1 of act No.
999 provides " the municipal treasurer may also act as a deputy of the pro-
vincial treasurer and receive such additional compensation therefor, to be paid
from the provincial fimds, as the provincial board may fix and the treasurer of
the Philippine Islands approve, anything In existing laws to the contrary not-
withstanding."
Under this section a municipal treasurer who Is acting as deputy to the
provincial treasurer Is employed both by the municipality and the province and
receives pay from both, devoting a part of his time to his municipal office and a
part to his provincial office. Such being the case, there are two reasons why
lie should not be granted leave of absence under act No. 1040. In the first place,
it is very doubtful If such an employee works for the province the number of
hours required by section 1 of act No. 1040. In the second place, I think that
the spirit of subsection / of section 2 of act No. 1040 would apply, which pro-
vides that persons who receive compensation for official duties performed in
connection with private business, such duties requiring only a portion of their
time, shall not be entitled to leave.
Although It can not be said that the position of municipal treasurer Is strictly
private business, yet this position is the employee's regular employment, and his
duties as deputy provincial treasurer are performed In connection with It In
other words, the lmiK)rtant position Is that of municipal treasurer, and after-
wards that of provincial deputy. (Opinion of Sept. 7, 1904; 987.)
Elective officers are not entitled to leave of absence.
In my Judgment, elective provlncfal officers are not entitled to leave under
the civil-service or leaves of absence acts. Act No. .5, entitled *' An act for the
establishment and maintenance of an efficient and honest civil service in the
Phillpi>lne Islands," section 5, as originally passed, contains the provision that
said act " shall apply * ♦ ♦ to all appointments of civilians to executive
])ositlons;" and said section of said act, as amended July IG, 1901, November
29, 1001, and January 9, 1903, contains the provision that the act " shall apply
* * * to all apiK)intments of civilians In the bureaus and offices of the gov-
ernment of the I'hilipplne Islands;" and the other sections of said act No. 5,
as originallj' passed and as subseciuently amended, refer in many places to the
entry of persons Into the civil service by appointment, and nowhere to such
entry by election.
Act No. 80 is entitled " An act regulating the hours of labor, leaves of absence,
and transi)ortation of appointees under the Philippine civil service," and relates
to "employees" in the "offices in the Philippine civil service;" and the same
is true of said act as amended on January 28, 1902, August 30, 1902, November
11, 1902, February 27, 1903, April 7, 1903, and May 18, 1903. Act No. 1040,
repealing act No. 80 and all acts amendatory thereof, and entitled "An act
regulating the hours of labor, leaves of absence, and transportation of officers
and employees In the Philippine civil service" ♦ ♦ ♦ expressly provides In
subsection a of section 2 thereof that "accrued leave of absence" shall be
granteti " each regularly and permanently api)ointed officer or employee in the
civil service. Insular or provincial, or of the city of Manila, except as herein-
after provided;" and the other sections and subsections of said act No. 1040
refer In many places to the persons to whom said act applies as being those who
Imve entered the service by appointment. Elective officers are not referred to in
any of the acts above mentioned, either as originally passed or as amended, in
any way. I am therefore of the opinion that (to quote from subsection g of sec-
tion 2 of act No. 1040) "officers and employees of the Philippine civil service,
whether serving as such by regular apiK)Intment or by detail from the Army, the
Navy, or the civil service of the United States," and no other persons, are en-
titled to leaves of absence under said acts. (Opinion of Feb. G, 1904; 3243-1.)
A person reinstated to the Philippine civil service can not be allowed vacation leave
prior to the expiration of six months from the date of his reinstatement.
Section 3 of act No. 1040 jjrovides in part : "After at least six months' c<m-
tlnuous, faithful, and satisfactory service, the civil governor or pi"oi>er head
BEPORT OP THE DIRECTOR. OF CIVIL SERVICE. 141
of a department may, in his discretion, grant each officer or employee entitled
to the accrued leave provided in section 2 of this act, In addition to such accrued
leave, vacation leave of absence with full pay."
Under the provisions of this section, six months' continuous service is plainly
a condition precedent to the granting of any vacation leave. In the present
case the employee resigned and thereby severed all his relations with the gov-
ernment. Tills constitutes a distinct break In his services. Therefore he has
not rendered six months' continuous service, and no vacation leave can be
properly granted him until he has done so.
Subsection c of section 4 of act No. 1040 provides in part : " Payment of sal-
ary to an officer or employee for any absence during his first six months of
service, properly chargeable to vacation leave ♦ ♦ ♦ shall be withheld until
such leave may properly be taken under the provisions of section two or three
of this act."
According to this subsection, payment for vacation leave shall be withheld
until the leave may be pror)erly taken under the above-quoted section 3 of act
No. 1040. As previously stated, the employee in question can not proi)erly take
vacation leave until six months after his reinstatement. Therefore, in accord-
ance with the provisions of said subsection c of section 4, payment must be
withheld for the vacation leave taken by a duly reinstated employee until six
months after his reinstatement. (Opinion of Mar. 27, 1905 ; 5647-A.)
When the resignation of an employee liefore the expiration of two years* service la ac-
cepted on account of illness, or other cause, no accrued or vacation leave can be
allowed, nor can a proportional part of traveling expenses and half salary en route to
the islands from the United States be paid.
Vacation leave Is granted to employees for the purpose of allowing them to
recuperate, and always presupposes that the employee Is still in the government
service. Likewise, the phrase " In cases of resignation, vacation leave shall
not be allowed In addition to accrued leave " Is a general statement, and as It
is nowhere modified It covers all cases. Therefore, vacation leave can never
be granteil on resignation. This, however, does not mean that an employee
who has been 111 may not charge absences from duty prior to his resignation to
vacation leave.
In regard to accrued leave, paragraph a, section 2, of act No. 1040 makes two
years' continuous, satisfactory service a condition precedent to the granting of
any accrued leave, but paragraph c of section 4 of the same act modifies this
condition to the extent that in case of absence during his first two years' service
due to illness, etc., the civil governor or proper head of a department may
direct that salary due from such accrued leave need not be withheld. This
covers only those cases in which the emiUoyee overstays his vacation leave from
illness. It is Intended as maintenance to an employee who is still in the service,
but does not provide for commuting leave on resignation for any cause. I am,
therefore, of the opinion that accrued leave can not be granted before two
years' service.
Section 9, paragraph o, of act No. 1040 makes It an absolute condition that
traveling expenses borne by an employee shall not be refunded until after
two years of service. There is no provision In the law for any proportional
payment of any kind. I am therefore of the opinion that such a proportional
part of traveling expenses and half salary provided by paragraphs a and h of
section 9 of act No. 1040 can not be paid to r)ersons who have served less than
two years, no matter what the reason for their resignation. (Opinion of June
30, 1004; 3235.)
The thirty days on half pay grante<1 on resignation after three years* service begins at
the end of accrued leave allowe<l, and leave does not accrue on such thirty days.
I/eave of absence on half pay for sixty days allowed in connection with leave of
absence to visit the United states, begins at the expiration of the accrued and vacation
leave granted.
In a case where an employee has rendered continuous, faithful, and satisfac-
tory service for three or more years after arrival In the Philippine Islands
resigns, and In addition to his regular leave Is granted thirty days on half pay
while going to the Fnlted States, does leave accumulate on said thirty days?
It has been held by the dvll-servlco board, and approved by the civil governor,
that leave does not accrue on such thirty days.
Do the thirty days above mentioned begin prior to or at the end of accrued
leave?
142 KEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
It has also been decided in the same manner as the first question, that siicb
leave begins at the end of the accrued leave.
The further question is raised by the letter of the auditor of August 22,
inclosed herein, as to when the sixty days allowed by section 2, paragraph e, of
act No. 1040 should be charged.
It has also apparently been held by the civil-service board, and approved by
the governor, that said sixty days are allowed at the end of vacation and accrued
leave. It is my opinion that all of these rulings are final and are supported by
the spirit and letter of the law ; hence there is no need for a further discussion
of same. (Opinion of Oct. 20, 1904 ; 3258.)
An employee appointed In the Fnlted states doeB iioi earn accrued leave during the period
of travel from San Francisco to Manila.
The question submitted in the within papers Is as follows: Does an employee
appointed in the Ignited States under the provisions of act No. 1040 earn accrued
leave during the period of travel from San Francisco to Manila?
As a general rule, all employees from the United States are provisionally
appointed there and their apiwlntnient made final uixm arriving in the islands.
The exact facts are not set out in the within paper, but it is presumed that such
Is the present case. Paragraph a of section 2 of act No. 1040 provides that
"permanently" appointed employees are entitled to accrued leave. Until the
employee arrives in the Islands he is not such a permanent employee, but is a
provisional employee. Therefore, under the provisions of this section the em-
ployee would not be entitled to have accrued leave while en route from San
Francisco to Manila.
Also section 5 of Rule V provides : " If the eligible was provisionally Ap-
pointed In the United States, his regular api>ointment will be effective the day
following the date of his actual landing in the Philippine Islands, provided he
reports immediately at the office of the board, and leave shall not accrue prior
to date of regular apiwintment." These rules were promulgated by the gov-
ernor-general and within their scope are binding on all officials.
As the above section. In accordance with the provisions of act No. 1040, pro-
vides that leave does not accrue until after a regular apiwlntment In the Islands,
no leave should accumulate while the emi)loyee is on route. (Opinion of Mar.
23,1905.)
Payment for leave of alwence of nn officer or employee who has served in more than one
bureau or office during? the period for which leave is allowed should he made for the
entire leave taken from the funds of the bureau or office In which he Is serving at the
time the leave Is granted.
I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of the inclosed papers relating to the
commutation of the accrued leave of George N. Ilurd, assistant attorney in this
office. Unquestionably In e<iuity the grejiter part of this accrued leave should
be paid by the city of Manila, in whose service Mr. -Ilurd was at the time the
same was earned. However, the provisions of act No. 1040 and the imiform
ruling of the auditor's office would seem to re<iulre that the same be paid by the
bureau of justice. Act No. 1040, section (>, specifically provides that up<Mi the
resignation or death of an officer or employee, payment for the accrued leave
shall be made from the salary appropriated for the ix>sltlon- last fllU»d by him.
It is true that Mr. Ilurd is still living, and has not resigned, but In all reason
this accrued leave should come from the same fund as In the case of his death
or resignation.
In this connection attention Is called to the fact that at the time of the passage
of act No. 1040 the recorder of the Commission was histructed to prepare an
act providing that accrued leave should be paid pro rata hy the departments
where the same was eariUHl. The bill was prepared, but at the earnest solicita-
tion of the auditor and of the chairman of the civil-service board It was aban-
doned.
The reasons stated by the civll-servico board f(u* Its objection to the proposed
measure were as follows : " The board concurs with the auditor in opposing a
pro rata division of leaves, believing with him that upon the transfer of an
officer' or employee all obligations in the way of leaves of absence should be
assumed by the bureau, province, or city to which transfer Is made. As stated
by the auditor, payments of salary on account of leave would eventually be
approximately e(iualized, and the assuming of all obligations for leave by the
bureau, province, or city to which transfer is made would tend to prevent trans-
fers except where the transfer is made on account of the special fitness of the
officer or employee for the position to be filled."
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF CIVIL SERVICE. 148
The uniform rulings of the civil-service board and of the auditor since the
passafire of act No. 1040, so far as I have been able to obtain them, have been to
retiuire the bureau in which the applicant is employed at the time the leave is
granted to pay the same. This ruling Is manifestly in accordance with the law,
and it would seem that even If the law did not require It that it would be
inequitable at this date to change it, and that less injustice would be done by
following the rule than by abandoning It.
I am therefore of the opinion that the accrued leave of Mr. Hurd should be
jMxld by the bureau of justice. (Opinion of June 19, 1005. Concurred in by the
acting auditor, June 23. lfX>5; 5133-A.)
The cIvlI-Bervlce board has authority to require eligibility In an appropriate examination
88 a condition precedent to Increase in salary of a classified employee without an
examination status.
Section 4 of act No. 5 provides in part : " The board shall preimre rules
adaiited to carry out the purpose of this act," etc.
'•Paragraph v of section 0 of act No, 5 as amended provides:** The rules to
be prepared and certified by tJie board shall provide ♦ ♦ • for comi>etltlve
or noncompetitive promotion examinations, as tlie board shall determine.'
** In pursuance of sjild section 4 the rules of the clvll-service board have been
promulgated annually since 1001. Section 1 of said rules says: * The board shall
have authority to prescribe such regulations in pursuance of and in execution
of these rules and of the civU-servlce act as may not be inconsistent therewith,' "
The distinction, therefore, must be clearly kept in mind between the rules to
be i)rei)ared by the board and promulgateil by the governor-general under the
authority of act No. 5, and tlie regulations to be prepared and promulgated by
the civil-service board under autliority of the rules. In raising this question
the distinction between the "rules" and ''regulations" was confused, and I
tliink this is resi)onslble for the ditliculty. The exact language used was as
follows: "A question arises whether the board has lawful authority to Impose
any promotion test i)endlng the adoption of the regulations authorized by sec-
tin 6, i>aragraph c, supra, of the clvH-servlce act. The i)ower to adopt promo-
tion regulations is esi»eclally conferred by tlie section and paragraph quoted.
But what law authorizes the board to exact promotion tests i)endlng the adop-
tion of such regulations? Is this not exercising a iwwer before it accrues?"
Or, In other words, the adoption of the regulations mentioned is a condition
precedent to any promotion test.
However, said paragraph r, section 6, does not provide for the promulgation
of regulations, but for the promulgation of rules. Section 0 of Ilule IX was so
iiromulgated, and provides:
" Until the promotion regulations herein authorized have been promulgated
by the board for any de|)artmeut, bureau, office, or branch of the stn'vice, and
the board has notifieil such department, bureau, office, or branch of the service
that it Is prepared to conduct the promotion examinations authorized under
the civil-^rvice act and rules, promotions therein may l)e made upon any
tests of fitness not disjipprovetl by the board which may be determined upon
by the api)ointiug officer: Provided, That i)ending the adoption of such regu-
lations, in case of proposed promotion from one class to another class of
an employee who has not entered the service through the examination pre-
scribed for the class to which promotion is proiK)sed, such emi)loyee shall
be required to obtain an eligible rating in such prescribeil examination taken
noncomiKititively, and the ai)iK)lntment by i)romotion thus made shall not
become effective prior to the date of taking the examination in which an
eligible rating is obtained."
Under this section, the governor-general has specifically authorized the
civil-service board to hold noncomi>etltlve examinations for promotion from
one class to another of employees who enter the service without examination,
and did not place any condition precedent upon this authority. The board
then had authority to act inuuediately ui)ou the promulgation of the rule
regardless of regulations. The regulations referred to in said rule are not
such a condition precedent and have apparently been confused with the rule
itself.
I am therefore of the opinion that the civil-service board clearly has the
authority to exact a i)romotion test from an employee who entered the service
without examination l>efore that employee may be promoted in salary. (Opin-
ion of May 26, 1006; 2058.)
144 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Resolutions of the Philippine C!om mission.
An employee must have served three full years or more. Irrespective of any accrued leave
that may be due him, before becoming entitled to the privileges of subsection (d), sec-
tion 29 of act No. 1698.
The true construction of paragraph 4 of section 4 of act No. 80, as amended
[now subsection (rf), section 29 of act No. 1698], requires that an employee in
the Philippine civil service must have served three full years or more after
the passage of the civil-service act, irrespective of the time of his accrued
leave of absence, before he becomes entitled to be furnished with transportation
from Manila to San Francisco and half salary for thirty days in addition to full
salary for the i)eriod to which he may be entitled as leave of absence. (Reso-
lution of November 10, 1903; 4069.)
Transportation due under subsection (c7), section 29 of act No. 1698, must be used within
six months after date of separation from the service or It is forfeited ; if an employee
desires to return to the United States via Europe, commutatioA of the value of such
transportation may be made.
By the provisions of act No. 80 it was not contemplated that an employee of
the civil government who had rendered faithful and continuous service for three
years or more should be permitted to commute his transportation in the event
that he did not intend to return to the United States, but that he was to receive
passage in kind. Act No. 1040 permits him to receive the cost of transportation
by any other route to the extent that it would cost the Government to furnish
him direct transi)ortation from Manila to San Francisco. As it is desirable to
establish a fixed rule as to the time within which applications for return trans-
IK)rtatlon may be made. It is hereby directed that such applications must be
filed within six months after the resignation of the employee entitled to such
traiisiwrtatlon. In the event the officer or employee resigning after service of
three years or more desires to return to the United States via Europe, the
executive secretary is authorized to make arrangements for his transportation
uiKMi the payment by the ofllcer or employee concerned of the diflPerence between
the cost of transportation which would have to be furnished by the insular
government from Manila to San Francisco and the cost of the transportation by
the desired route. (Resolution of Februai-y 14, 1905; 4622.)
Ori^lual appointments or promotions dependent upon an appropriation act shall not he
made effective prior to the date of passage of the appropriation act ; save In exceptional
cases, appointments and promotions shall not be retroactive.
In all cases in which the salary of a position is increased or a new position
created by an appropriation act, api)oiutment to such new position or increased
salary shall not be of date prior to the date of the passage of the appropriation
net, or such other date as may have been fixed si)eclflcally by law or resolution
of the Philipphie Commission for the increase in salary or the creation of the
new iwsitlon, as the case may be.
Aside from exceptional cases, apimlntment shall not be effective as of date
prior to that uixm which the appointment or promotion is actually made. (Reso-
lution of July 27, 1906; 11953.)
Ed'dminaiUm requirements relating to appointment and promotion,
'rhii..i ,r,.o,i« i,^nfTii«i, f Probation a 1 appointments and promotions as a result of eligibility
Th rH^rl^MP* J?mfnu»\"'1 *" ^^^^^^^ of these examinations shall not bo made to positions
I nira ^,rn(ie. wpani8n___^ ^j^^ salary or compensation of which Is above 'Class J.
«s,w.*^iwi crr-iii.. *4n,.ni«h | I'robatloual appointments and promotions as a result of eligibility
Junior tvnowrltE? 1 '" ^^^^her of these examinations shall not be made to positions
juniorupowriier 1 ^^^ salary or compensation of which Is above Class K.
Probatlonal appointments as a result of eligibility In any of theso
examinations shall not be mado to positions the salary or com-
Second grade. Kngll8h__
First grade. Spanish
.lunlor translator '
Junior Interpreter
ppnsatlon of which Is above tho minimum of Clas.s I); promo-
tions shall not bo made to positions the salary or compensation
of which Is above Class A. The basic subjects of the Junior
translator examination and the Junior Interpreter examination
are given In English only, and promotions as a result of eligi-
bility In either of these examinations with basic subjects in
Spanish shall not bo made to positions the salary or compensa-
tlon of which Is above Class E.
{Probatlonal appointments and promotions as a result of eligibility
In this examination shall not be made to position^ the salary
or compensation of which is above Class A.
BBPORT OF THE DIBSCTOB OF CIVIL 8SBVI0E.
145
Interpreter-
fProbi
J to
[ or
(Probatlonal appointmenta and promotlona aa a result of ellglblUty
to this examination shall not be made to positions the salary
or oompensatlon of which is above Class lo.
First grade, English
Assistant
Teacher
Booklceeper
Stenographer
Translator
Probatioaal appointments and promotions above Class 10 require
eligibility ' in one of these examinations, or in an equivalent
examination.
The basic subjects of the translator examination and the interpreter examination are
given in Bnglish only, and promotions as a result of ellgibiiitv in either of these examina-
tions taken with basic subjects in Spanish shall not be made to positions the salary ox
compensation of which is above Class 10.
Recapitulation of examinations,^
For original appoint-
ment.
For promotion or
transfer.
Total.
Num-
ber
exam-
ined.
Num-
ber
passed.
Per
eent
passed.
Num-
ber
exam-
ined.
Num-
ber
passed.
Per
eent
passed.
Num-
ber
exam-
ined.
Num-
ber
passed.
Per
cent
passed.
During the year:
English
Spanish ^
8.847
1,534
820
583
24
38
873
829
188
92
36
28
3,720
1,863
053
675
26
86
T<>tal
4,881
i.4fn
29
702
225
5,588
1,628
29
Previously examined:
English
Spanish -
10.800
13,388
4,454
6,222
41
46
2.796
2.108
1.357
853
49
41
13,686
15.489
5,811
7.075
42
46
Total
24,276
10,676
5,274
6,805
44
4.899
2.210
45
29,175
12,880
44
Total English
Total Spanish.. .
14,237
14,920
37
46
8.169
2.432
1.490
• Wo
47
39
17,406
17.352
6.764
7,750
39
45
Grand total
29,157
12,0?0
41
5,601
2.435
43
34,758
14.514
42
• The report in detail as to examinations held, number examined, etc., has been omitted
and is on file in tbe Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
Recapitulation of appointments made in the Philippine classified civU service
during the year ended June 30, 1907,^
Nature of appointment.
During the year:
Originai, in Philippine Islands
Through changes in the service —
Original, in the United States _.
By transfer from the United States classified civil service..
By reinstatement in the United States
Total
Previously appointed-
Grand total —
From
English
registers.
Prom
Spanish
registers.
824
1.417
184
3
16
1,944
9,777
11,721
1,642
1,868
7,443
9,311
Total.
550
3.060
184
3
16
3,812
17,220
21.082
• The details of these reports have been omitted and are on file in the Bureau of Insular
Affairs. War Department.
11024— WAB 1007— VOL 7-
-10
146
KBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Recapitulation of appointments made in the United States civil service in the
Philippine Islands upon certification hy the bureau of civil service during the
fiscal year ended June SO, 1907,
Position.
1 Number.
ORIOINAIi.
Butcher
Clerk
Engineer, chief
Hate
Messenger
Pack master
Stenographer
8 torekeeper
Storeman
Total original
By promotion, transfer, or reinstatement.
Grand totaL.
1
36
1
2
16
1
1
3
3
64
13
77
Table showing the number of Americans and Filipinos in the Philippine civil
service on January i, 1907, and the salaries paid,^
Position.
Salary.
Number of —
Salaries of—
Americans.
Filipinos.
Americans.
Filipinos.
Class 1
rsO.OOQ
24,000
21,000
20.000
15.000
14,000
12,000
11,000
10,000
9.000
8,500
8,000
7,500
7,200
7,000
6,500
6,000
5.500
5,400
5,200
5,000
4,900
4,800
4.600
4,500
4,400
4,200
4,060
4,000
3,960
3,900
3,620
3,600
3,500
3,400
3,300
3,200
3.120
8.000
2,800
2.7IJO
2,760
2,710
2,700
2,610
2,600
2,520
2,100
1
1
3
4
1
2
9
2
16
11
1
11
?
8
5
27
11
2
1
P-30,000
24,000
63,000
80.000
15,000
28.000
108.000
22.000
160.000
99.000
8.500
88.000
45,000
7.200
56,000
32,500
162,000
OO.fKX)
10.800
5.200
220,000
3
rdo.ooo
1
1
9
5
12.000
11,000
90,000
45,000
1
7.000
Class 2
7
42.000
Class 3..
Olasff 4
11
1
1
1
5
55.000
4.900
8
38,400
4.800
4.600
Class 5__
1
2
1
109
1
1
188"
2
10
1
240
1
81
343
1
1
..
1
117
2
590
2-)2.000
8.800
8,400
4.0(30
436.000
3.9:10
3,900
22,600
Class 6 _ _
15
60,000
1
8
3,620
Class 7
676,800
7.000
31,000
3.300
708.000
3.120
213.000
960.400
2,790
2,760
28.800
1
3,400
Class S
14
44.800
Class 9
15
21
45.000
58,800
1
5
..
---
2,740
10.800
2.610
304,200
5.(M0
1,416,000
13.500
5.200
iiCioo
•A lar;;e number of tables showing this information in detail have been omitted and
are on file in the Bureau ot Insular Affairs, War Department.
BEPOBT OF THE DIBECTOR OF CIVIL 8EBVICE.
147
Table 8h(HDinff the number of Americans and Filipinos in the Philippine civU
service on January i, 1907, and the salaries paid — (Continued.
Pooftlon.
Salary.
Number of —
Salaries of-
Americans.
Filipinos.
Americans.
FnipInoB.
daw 10- ^
^2,300
2,280
2,200
2,160
2,060
2,040
2,000
1,992
1.920
1,800
1,680
1,600
1,560
^.-iOO
1,440
1,420
1,400
1,320
1,300
1,200
1,188
1,100
1.080
1.060
1.020
1.000
960
972
960
WO
920
916
900
2
137
89
53
_-.
159
1
1
152
16
1
2
16
^4.600
812.360
193,800
114,480
M.800
4,660
35,200
1
2,080
38,760
318,000
1,992
1,920
273,600
20.880
OlaasA
21
12,000
Olaiw B . .
i
66
8
1,920
118.800
40,320
ClasB 0-.-
12,800
2
3,120
1
63
1
4
1,500
Clam J>.
27
38,880
90,720
1,420
6,600
8
10.560
1
1,300
dan E- _
10
175
1
2
84
12,000
210.000
1 188
2,200
90,720
OlaosF _
1
2
7
3
1
199
5
1
1
2
I
242
1 060
.
2.040
7.000
2,940
-
972
OlnmO,
2
1.920
191,040
4.700
920
916
56,700
888
880
864
a52
840
836
824
816
800
792
888
1,760
864
1,704
-
206,280
OlanH.
1
6
5
16
836
4,120
4.060
12,800
1
792
780
760
744
732
720
714
700
696
690
680
660
648
640
616
612
600
599
594
592
588
580
20
2
4
2
565
1
16,600
1,520
T
2,976
1.464
Olan T
1
720
406.800
714
1
4.900
696
1
1
55
1
4
1
1
390
3
1
2
690
680
.
36.300
648
2,560
616
612
OlauJ _..
2
1,200
239.400
1,797
594
1,184
3
1.764
18
5
2
• ,1
32
2
1
2
10,410
576
2,880
560
550
544
540
1.120
2.200
9,792
.
17.280
534
532
528
525
1.068
532
- --
■
i.orio
1.0)0
1.044
10.400
1.032
2.520
2
i
2
5
6
522
520
516
604
500
1 3.000
148
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Table 8hau>ing the number of Americana and Filipivioa in the PhUifn^ine oivU
service on January J, iJW7, and the Balariea paid — Ck>ntlnued.
Position.
Satary.
Nmnber ol-'
Salaries of—
Amerfcazus.
POlpinos.
Americans.
Pillplnoa.
OlM8 J
^4«6
492
49B
480
475
472
4&>
456
450
444
432
490
406
400
896
890
384
875
872
860
350
848
836
33a
824
820
818
80O
288
276
2S2
240
228
225
216
204
200
192
180
174
160
160
144
185
120
108
100
i 1 ! 11 ! ! i ! I I 1 ! I ! ! I
1 1 ! ! ! 1 ! ! ! ! ! ; ; i ! !
; ! I 1 I 1 I ! 1 1 ! ! 1 I ! !
I 1 1 1 1 i ; M 1 1 1 I J 1 M
8
2
3
Th 488
964
1.458
500
1
2
a
6
7
8
8
67
6
22
10
3
210,000
OlaM K -^
475
944
920
2,788
3,150
3.552
3.456
28.140
2.448
8.80O
3.900
1.170
8
2
11
211
2
1
1,152
750
•
4.092
8
*»1,080
75,1)00
700
348
8
1
1
3
1
83
2
1
16
128
5
1
3
2,688
"iniirii
3S0
""IIIIIIII
324
9W
318
26,400
576
276
4.032
2
480
30.720
1,140
225
648
1
8
2
79
1
2
2
3
1
233
I
204
1.600
384
5
900
14.220
174
320
300
432
135
4
480
27.960
756
100
Total
2,616
8»902 1 7.860,242
3.234. 4IM
^OTE. — The revised civil service rules to be inaerted when approved have not been
received at the time of going to press.
EXHIBIT NO. 2.
SEPOBT OF THE EZECTTTIVE SECKETABT.
Manila, P. I,, October 20, 1907.
Sib : I have the honor to submit the following report covering, except where
otherwise stated, the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907.
BUBBAU PEB80NNBL.
The organization of the bureau has been somewhat modified during the year,
as will appear more at length under the caption " The law division."
During the year there have been the following changes in the office force:
Americans.
Filipinos.
Probatlooal or regular appointments..
Temporary appointments _.
Transfers to bureau
Belnatatenient.
4
31
7
1
Total additions to force..
43
Reeignatlons
Temporary employment no longer required.
Transfers from bureau
Removals* _ „.
Dropped from rolls, unexplained absence.. .
10
4
3
1
Total separations..
20
27
• The 3 Filipinos who were removed from the service were aU roesaengers.
In addition to the separations above set forth, 7 private secretaries to the
Commissioners were, by act No. 1527, eliminated from the bureau appropriation,
and are now carried under the appropriations made for "Executive" and
" Phi1ipi)ine Ck)mmls8ion."
The personnel of the bureau on June 30, 1907, consisted of H officials, super-
visor of land assessments, recorder of the Commission, C chiefs of division, 1
assistant chief of division, 97 clerks, 34 messengers, 2 special employees, Janitor,
watchman, and 14 laborers, a total of 161. Of the bureau force there are 31
Americans and 00 Filipinos classified as clerks. The total force of the bureau,
including officials, comprises 43 Americans and 118 Filipinos.
INSTABILITY OF THE SERVICE.
For several years I have commented upon the unsettled condition of the
service in this bureau and throughout the civil service generally. There is little
to add as to the causes of this condition, but it is noteworthy that matters do
not seem to be improving. The director of civil service informs me that during
the fiscal year there were 500 voluntary separations from the service by Ameri-
cans, of whom 100 were college graduates. While it is probable that not all of
these places were refilled with Americans, a large proiK)rtion must have been,
and when the exijense of getting and bringing out new men, and of training
them to their new work is considered, the wastefulness of the present system Is
evident.
The Secretary of War has advocated the allowance of retirement jjensions to
those employees who shall have continued in the service a certain number of
149
150 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
years, and a bill to carry out his suggestion will soon be introduced in the legis-
lature. There is no doubt that proper provision for the support during their
declining years of servants who have worn themselves out in the service will
do much to remedy matters.
CONVTINTION OF PROVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS.
When the Secretary of War visited Manila in August, 1905, he conferred with
a number of provincial governors present in the city to greet him, upon many
subjects relating to provincial administration. The governors recommended an
annual assembly of the heads of provincial governments in Manila to discuss
matters of importance and interest to the provinces. The Secretary of War
favored the proposition.
About one month prior to the inauguration of Governor-General Smith
(September 20, 1906), Governor George Curry, of Samar, suggested by wire to
Governor-General Ide the advisability of holding the first convention on that
occasion. « Governor-General Ide replied that the amount of work on hand at-
tending the change of administration would render it impossible to give atten-
tion to the matter.
On the day following Governor-General Smith's inauguration the subject was
again broached by a delegation of provincial governors while paying their
respects to him. On September 22, 1906, the governor-general telegraphically
advised all provincial governors that the convention would be held in Manila
on October 1, and that, if conditions warranted, they were authorized to absent
themselves from their provinces in order to attend.
The convention was called to order in the office of the vice-governor at the
ayuntamiento at 9 o'clock on the morning of October 1, by the executive secre-
tary, 17 provinces being represented, as follows : Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Bula-
can, Capi^, Cavite, Cebu, Hollo, La Laguna, Leyte, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya,
Occidental Negros, Pampanga, Samar, Tarlac, and Tayabas.
The executive secretary addressed the convention, stating the purposes for
which it had been called to be to confer on economical and industrial condi-
tions, and to consider the proposed election law and related matters; the con-
struction of roads; financial condition of provincial governments; the land
tax ; relations to the constabulary, and necessity for economy in municipal ex-
penses and other matters. He said that what the insular government especially
desired were the views and recommendations of the members of the convention
upon the construction and maiutenance of roads incidental to the adoption and
operation of the road law, especially such amendments as would make it opera-
tive for two years. Light was sought ui3on the economical and industrial con-
ditions of each province, and general recommendations as to what legislation,
either Congressional or insular, would aid in improving such conditions. Inci-
dental to this latter question the opinions of the governors were solicited as tb
the financial condition of each municipality, as to the amount of the indebted-
ness of the haciendas in each province, and as to the areas in cultivation at the
time as compared with those in 1896. It was hoped that attention would be
given to organizing in the various provinces of committees, to act in conjunc-
tion with a committee in Manila, for the purpose of aiding and assisting in
securing a modification of the tariff in the United States. The subject of im-
provement in sanitary conditions and the best method of disseminating informa-
tion among the peoi)le on sanitary matters was suggested as of paramount
Interest. Finally the governors were invited to discuss the advisability of
forming a permanent organization to meet once a year, irresi)ectlve of the fact
that the Philippine assembly would also meet each year, and to reach a con-
clusion as to the best time to hold the convention.
The convention then proceeded to the election of officers. Sefior Sergio
Osmefla, provincial governor of Cebu, was elected chairman and Seflor Gre-
gorlo Nleva, of the staff of the executive bureau, secretary. After the organiza-
tion had been effected by the election of these officers the governor-general
was invited to address the convention, which he did by welcoming the members
to Manila, placing all governmental facilities at their disposition, and expressing
Ills confidence that their dein)eratlon8 would be such as to "harmonize with the
Importance of the matters submitted to them for discussion, to justify their
being called together, and to commend to Congress and the Government any
measures they might adopt. The convention then entered upon the discussion
of matters relating to its internal regime.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 151
Additional goveniors arrived later on the same day, and by the end of the
fourth day the membership of the convention had swelled to 29, by representa-
tion of the provinces of Ambos Camarines, Benguet, Bohol, I locos Norte, Ilocos
Sur, I^ Union, Mindoro, Mlsamls, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, and Surigao.
Daily meetings were held for three weeks and the greatest Interest shown in
the subjects treated. The convention adjourned October 22, meriting from the
governor-general the encomiums set forth in the following document :
I^xECuifVE Order,! The Government of the Philippine Islands,
No. 40. / Executive Bureau, Manila, October 23, 1906.
The thanks of this government are hereby tendered to the provincial
governors, 29 in number, who at great personal inconvenience and sacrifice
have attended the recent convention of governors in Manila, for their assiduity
In the arduous work of dealing with the more than 70 questions of great public
Importance which were submitted to the convention for discussion and recom-
mendation, for the ability and acumen shown in the discussion and recommen-
dations made, and for the public and unselfish spirit manifested. The con-
vention has proved a valuable adjunct to the government as well as a benefit
to the provinces represented.
I hereby designate and appoint Governors Sergio Osmefia, of Cebu; Manuel
Quezon, of Tayabas, and Jaime C. de Veyra, of Leyte, a committee, to remain
in Manila until further orders, for the purpose of compiling the resolutions
of the assembly and arranging them in proper and convenient form for consid-
eration by the Philippine Commission, and for the further purpose of consulta-
tion .with the latter body when needed to elucidate and explain questions
which may arise In the Interpretation and consideration of said resolutions.
James F. Smith,
Oovemor-G encral.
The committee named in the above order remained In Manila for some time
engaged In the discharge of the duties assigned to It, and Its members appeared
before the Philippine Commission during the debates on the proposed election
law. This committee, however, has not filed any formal report up to this time,
except on the proposed election law, and hence I am unable to give any exten-
sive record of the work and recommendations of the convention. Several of
the amendments to the law named, suggested by the convention, were accepted
by the Commission, and form part of It as finally enacted; others could not
be accepted, as they related to portions of that law taken bodily from the act
of Congress of July 1, 1902, and hence only amendable by that body. Other
recommendations of the convention of provincial governors are mentioned
under the next subhead.
PROVINCIAL AFFAIRS.
The changes which have occurred during the year in the relations between
this office and the provincial governments have been wholly along the line of
Increased autonomy and corresponding responsibility of those governments.
Doubtless the most radical step which has been taken in this regard since
the establishment of the civil regime was the enactment by the Commission
on October 20, 1906, of an amendment to the provincial government act provid-
ing that after the next provincial elections the majority of the board should
become elective Instead of appointive, as heretofore.
Upon the establishment of provincial governments In 1901 the board com-
prised: (1) The provincial governor, elected for a term of t\N-o years by the
mimlclpnl vice-presidents and councilors in convention; (2) the provincial
treasurer, and (3) the provincial sui)ervlsor (engineer), both of the latter
being appointed by the governor-general with the approval of the Commission.
Upon the assumption by the bureau of public works, through its district engi-
neers, of the purely engineering duties of the provincial supervisor, and the
abolition of the latter position, October 4, 1905, provision was made for filling
the vacancy thus caused on provincial boards by the appointment of the division
superintendent of schools to perform the duties of member of the provincial
board in addition to his regular duties as the provincial representative of the
bureau of education. This arrangement was eminently satisfactory in practice
in many cases. However, there was a general feeling that because of the
considerable amount of time required by the necessarily rather frequent ses-
152 EEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
slons of proTincial boards, as well as for other reasons, the duties of the
division superintendent and of member of the provincial board were, if not
incompatible, at least a combination of doubtful wisdom under existing condi-
tions. The necessity for the application of disciplinary measures by provincial
boards in the supervisory control of municipal officials tended to prejudice,
sometimes quite seriously, the efficiency of the division superintendent in his
work of popularizing our public school system. Furthermore, the offices of
provincial treasurer and division superintendent of schools, being filled by
Americans, resulted In all cases In placing upon provincial boards a majority
not only of appointive officers, but of Americans, and therefore it followed that
there was little popular interest In the administration. The matter of changing
the provincial board organization so that it might have an elective majority
had been the subject of more or less discussion almost from the beginning of
the present government and it naturally was one of the first subjects that
claimed the attention of the convention of provincial governors.
After discussing the matter, this convention recommended to the governor-
general the enactment of the amendment above referred to (act No. 1545),
which provides in substance that provincial boards should comprise: (1) The
provincial governor, elected; (2) the provincial treasurer, appointed by the
governor-general, and (3) a third member, who shall be appointed by the
governor-general until the next regular provincial election at which a suc-
cessor might be chosen, qualify, and take office at the same time as the suc-
cessor to the provincial governor should be elected and assume office. It was
further provided that no election shall be held for third member of the pro-
vincial board when, in the opinion of the govenior-general, such action might
be necessary and advisable for the public interest, and that should the gov-
ernor-general decline to confirm the i^erson elected, he shall order a new elec-
tion, and should he decline to confirm the person elected at the second election
he shall, with the consent of the Philippine Commission, appoint some suitable
person, who shall be a citizen of the United States or of the Philippine Islands,
resident in the Philippine Islands, to the position. It was also provided that
by unanimous resolution of the provincial board setting forth the grounds
upon which it is adopted, when approved by the governor-general, the third
member may be required to perform the duties of provincial treasurer, or
any ministerial duty required by the board. The investigation of the charges
against municipal officials, and other investigations coming within the purview
of provincial boards, was the object of this latter provision. As compensation,
the third member Is allowed such per diem of not less than ?^ nor more than
yi5 for each day of actual attendance, as the provincial board may fix. The
rates which have been fixed vary greatly. In some cases the minimum named
in the law has been adopted ; In others, the maximum, and in some, a medium
rate. The expenses of the office of third member will average about PfiOO i)er
annum.
With a view to greater economy in the salary expense of provincial govern-
ments and to reduce the number of officials, thereby rendering less divided
official responsibility, upon the recommendation of the convention of provincial
governors the Commission abolished the office of provincial secretary and trans-
ferred the duties of the position to the office of the provincial governor, who
is required to designate one or more emploj'ees of his office to perform the
duties formerly pertaining to the office of provincial secretary. The resiwnsl-
blllty for the acts of such employee or employees rests upon the provincial
governor. The economy resulting from this change amounts to an average of
about W,000 annually per province.
Upon recommendation of the convention of provincial governors, the provin-
cial government act was also amended by authorizing provincial boads :
(1) To make loans to municipal governments at an Interest not exceeding
8 per cent per annum, and in amounts, including other Indebtedness of
municipal governments, not to exceed 5 per cent of the assessed valuation of the
property within the municipality.
(2) To provide, in its discretion, for the continuance of regular compensa-
tion to unclassified employees of the provincial government, including laborers,
during periods of disability not exceeding ninety days, whenever such em-
ployees or laborers are Injured in the line of duty ; and to pay from provincial
funds the necessary expenses of medical attendance, transportation, and hospital
fees, and in case of death from such injuries, reasonable burial expenses.
(3) To appropriate moneys pertaining to the provincial road and bridge
fund, for the purpose of providing and maintaining wharves, piers, and docks,
REPORT Of THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 158
In accordance with plans and specifications furnished by the bureau of port
works, and for removing obstructions to navigation within the limits of the
Ijpovlnce, and
(4) To appropriate moneys from any of Its funds, except those the use of
which Is otherwise specifically fixed by law for other purposes, having In view
the general welfare of the province and Its Inhabitants, subject to approval
by the governor-general.
The occasion for authorizing provincial governments to grant loans, within
certain limitations, to municipal governments, was the necessity which has
occurred occasionally to afford such relief In cases where, by reason of public
calamity or other sufficient cause, temporary monetary assistance is essential to
avoid a suspension of those branches of the public service which are maintained
by municipal governments, particularly primary schools and local police. The
provision for continuing during a limited period the compensation of laborers and
other similar employees, and their medical and hospital expenses, when Injured
In line of duty, was necessary In order that the government might make such pro-
vision as humanity and good administration require for the unfortunate objects of
not infrequent accidents which occur In connection with the prosecution of public
works. The authority to expend moneys from the provincial road and bridge
fund for the purpose of providing and maintaining wharves, piers, and docks,
and removing obstructions to navigation within the limits of the province, was
necessary In the public interest in provinces where, by reason of the location
of cultivated areas, water, rather than land transportation Is now not only
available and preferred, but because of the toix>graphlcal features of those
provinces, will so continue for many years. The public interest clearly de-
manded such authorization, in order that the proceeds of taxation might be
used for those projects which will give the greatest public benefit and future
return for expenditure. The authority to appropriate moneys from provincial
funds for any purpose having In view the general welfare of the province and
its inhabitants is analogous to the authority granted municipal governments
u])on their establishment In 1901, and furnishes that factor of elasticity in
the law which will enable a provincial government lawfully to solve any prob-
lem within its purview that may present itself, and which It is elementary
to say may not be foreseen, and hence can not be provided for si)ecifically
In the law. Ample safeguard against the appropriation of public funds for
improper purposes is afforded by the requirement that appropriations under
this authority shall be subject to approval by the governor-general, whose
prompt action Is assured by the provision that such appropriation will become
effective. If not disapproved by the governor-general, within thirty days after
he shall have receive! due notice thereof. In effect, it is the veto power as
vested under the American system in the executive in^ relation with the legis-
lative branch of government,
LARD TAX.
As stated In the report for the preceding year, the suspension of the land
tax was continued for the calendar year 1907. It was, however, upon the basis
of reimbursement to provincial governments from the Insular treasury in an
amount equal to but 50 per cent of that which might be collected under the
new assessment. This suspension of the tax for another year was premised
upon the fact that it would be impossible to complete the new assessment prior
to some date In the latter half of 1907, and that In a few of the provinces agri-
cultural conditions were such as to render the continuation of the susi)ension
necessary In the public Interest; and the further fact that in view of the gen--
eral feeling on the part of the property owning class against the land tax It
seemed wise to allow local governments some practical exiierlence In endeavor-
ing to conduct their affairs with a reduced revenue.
As It would be impossible to ascertain the amount of the new assessment In
each province until some time after July 1, reimbursement was authorized
during the first half of the year upon the basis of one-half the collections
actually made during the year 1905, which was the last year the tax was In
effect, and requiring the auditor, upon receipt of certification of the total as-
sessed value of each province, to make such adjustment between payments
previously made and those due during the year as would effect the reimburse-
ment for the entire year, as stated, at 50 per cent of the amount which might
be collected upon the new assessment. The effect of the reduced revenue has
been to cause a number of provincial and municipal governments to request
154 REPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
authority to collect, in addition to tbe reimbursement from the insular govern-
ment, at least a ix)rtion of the seven-eighths of 1 per cent authorized by the
provincial and municipal government acts on the assessed value of real estate.
These requests have been in the majority of cases informal applications for
information as to the attitude of the Commission uiwn the subject before mak-
ing formal request for such authorization. But in view of the hoped for
results through the adoption of the policy of acceding to the requests which
were at the beginning almost unanimous for suspension, and of the fact
that it would be of doubtful legality to permit the adoption, even tem-
porarily, of a system of taxsctlon which might be deemed lacking In uniformity,
reply was made to all Inquiries that the collection of the land tax or any por-
tion thereof for the current year would not be authorized. In practically all
the provinces and municipalities the work of collecting delinquent taxes corre-
sponding to prior years was taken up, and as a result of active steps, without
however resorting to the sale or confiscation of real estate, it seems certain that
before December 31 next, practically the entire delinquent land-tax list In
every province and municipality will have been cleared up.
It Is believed that It would be wise to allow the land tax to become effective
January 1 next, and to authorize provincial governments to suspend it for any
year when, by reason of general crop failure or for other suflicient cause, the
public interest seems to demand such action. The proceeds of this tax being
purely provincial and municipal revenue, it will thus be possible to meet extra-
ordinary conditions as they occur in Individual provinces without applying the
same measures alike to provinces in which agricultural conditions are excel-
lent and to those in which great depression exists. As an illustration of the
necessity for considering each province Individually and not the entire archi-
pelago as a whole in determining the matter of enforcing or suspending the
land tax, the present agricultural conditions afford excellent examples : In the
provinces of Occidental Negros and Hollo, by reason of the continuance of
cattle plague, the lack of capital at reasonable rates of Interest, and the Im-
possibility of bringing the soil under cultivation without ample financial means,
owing to the landholdlngs being almost universally very large, there is little
room to question the suspension of the land tax. But in the provinces of Bula-
can, Ija Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangaslnan, Tayabas, and many others, the
abundant rice crops and the unusually high market prices of rice and copra
have afforded an extraordinary degree of prosperity, and the more intelligent
and progressive landowners express regret that the land tax is suspended, for,
as a consequence, but little money Is available for the construction of roads and
bridges, the necessity of which they recognize to secure cheap transportation
of their products to market. The vesting of the veto i)ower in the governor-
general should be ample safeguard against the suspension of the land tax with-
out due investigation and on Insufliclent grounds. After a careful study this
office prepared and submitted to the Commission a proposed law covering the
matter as outlined above, which was enacted September 18, 1907 (act No.
1713).
The new assessment of real estate, the beginning of which was mentioned
In the last annual report of this oflice, was carried out quite satisfactorily,
considering the many difficulties and obstacles naturally fiowlng from the facts
that relatively few parcels of land had been carefully surveyed; that In the
great majority of cases landowners have quite indefinite Ideas as to the area of
their property; that the majority of parcels of land are held with little or no
documentary evidence of ownership, and still less correct description of loca-
tion, the lack of exiierienced or. Indeed, of capable persons In many munici-
palities for appointment on the local board of assessors, and the great amount
of time that is consumed In the transmission of correspondence in answer to
queries and other Incidents of supervision from provincial capitals and^the
city of Manila of the work In the municipalities. Notwithstanding all these
difficulties It Is felt that the work was performed even better than 4nlght be
exiiected under existing conditions, and In the provinces from which final re-
ports have been received It Is clearly a material Improvement over the previous
assessment.
On May 1 the work in all the provinces had reached a i>olnt which permitted
the central equalizing board to begin Its duties. Its regular sessions were held
In Manila. Its members visited all the provinces for the purpose of hearing
appeals from decisions of the provincial boards of tax appeals, and of equal-
izing assessed values throughout the archipelago as a whole. This board was
In session until July 31, 1907. The assessment therefore Is now completed, with
REPORT OP THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 155
the exception of the readjustment which must be made by provinces In which
the central equalizing board has ordered an increase or decrease in the values
fixed by the provincial board of tax appeals. Provincial boards as a rule
adopted schedules which afford fair valuations, but in a few instances it was
necessary to reduce or increase somewhat the values fixed. It is of interest to
know that while there has been a general tendency to lower the rate of assess-
ment, which was probably excessive in many provinces under the previous
assessment, yet because of the larger number of parcels of land and the in-
creased areas reported in many parcels, the total assessed value in many prov-
inces, if not in the whole archipelago, will be greater than under the previous
assessment.
There is Indeed a tendency generally on the part of the people to accept
the land tax as the most just form of taxation which is at present utilized by
any government, and as the small property owners and the masses generally
become enlightened, this sentiment promises to increase, particularly because
many owners of relatively large haciendas either can not or will not bring
them under cultivation. While these proprietors of large landed estates are
the most bitter opponents of the land tax, more particularly because it is
based upon the capital investment rather than upon the rental value, it is
safe to say that unless some unexpected social or financial movement occurs
the popular demand will be for a form of real estate tax which will be directed
wholly at capital Investment in land.
INTEREST BEARING DEPOSITS OF PROVINCIAL FUNDS.
In my last report mention was made of a plan to place excess funds and cur-
rent balances of provincial treasurers, as far as practicable, upon interest
bearing deposit with local commercial banks which have qualified as govern-
ment depositories, with a view to making available for commerce currency
which otherwise would be held in the safes and vaults of treasury officials
throughout the islands. It was there stated that apparently at least W,bOO,000
of such funds might be so deposited. The matter was taken up subsequently
with the qualified depositories in the city of Manila, having branches in Cebu
and Iloilo, which are the chief commercial centers of tlie archipelago. Arrange-
ments were effected by which they would receive these funds in such amounts
as might be available for fixed deposit at 3^ per cent per annum, and special
surety bonds covering these deposits were executed. Later the matter was taken
up with provincial boards and treasurers, and notwithstanding the reduced
revenues of provincial governments during the year, these deposits reached
an aggregate sum of ^1,580,050 on June 30, 1907, affording an additional reve-
nue amounting to ^55,317.50 per annum to the provincial gevemments without
increasing any of the existing forms of taxation. These deposits will be further
increased during the ensuing year, and as officials become more familiar with
the system, by distributing their deix)slts in convenient amounts which will
mature from time to time during the year, they will be able to reduce their
cash on hand to a further extent. From present indications these fixed inter-
est bearing deiwslts will reach an aggregate of not less than 1^*2,000,000 within
the next few months, and produce a revenue for provincial governments on
these accounts alone of more than ^70,000 per annum.
ECONOMIES IN SALARY EXPENSE.
Under authority of law the positions of provincial fiscal in several provinces
have been merged by cre;^tlng districts comprising two or more provinces under
the charge of a district fiscal, and in some instances there has been effected or
is projected the abolition, temiwrarlly at lepst, of the position of provincial
fiscal, and the assumption of the duties of the position by the office of the
attorney-general, whose appropriation will be reimbursed by the province itself
in such amounts as may represent the actual exi)endlture on account of salaries
and traveling expenses incident to the service. In this way those provinces
which do not furnish sufficient work to occui)y the entire time of a fiscal
will be relieved from the exjiense of paying the salary of such an officer, except
when service Is actually rendered, and, by utilizing the personnel of the bureau
of justice, one attorney will be able to attend to the requirements of two or
more provincial governments, and to perform considerable service to which he
is regularly liable for assignment as a member of the staff of that bureau.
156 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
In this general connection mention may be made of the fact that one of the
most important problems for solution has been deemed the reduction of the num-
ber of the officers and employees of the government to the minimum consistent
with the interest of the public service, and the adjustment of salaries upon such
a basis that the government may secure as the public Interests demand the best
available personnel for its service. This matter has received much atten-
tion and has been the subject of many conferences and much correspondence
with officials and private persons, not only in Manila, but throughout the
provinces. The conclusion has been reached that In government service as In
commercial enterprises it is wholly impracticable to lay down an inviolable
rule and &cale of salaries. There has accordingly been prepared and submitted
to the Commission, whose action it awaits, a draft of a proposed act authorizing
the consolidation of two or more appointive iwsltlons in any branch or branches
of the government service, the determination of the salary of the new position at
such rate as may be deemed adequate and Just, provided it shall not exceed
75 per cent of the salaries of the positions combined, and the subsequent restora-
tion of one or more of the combined positions to their original status, when such
action Is, In the discretion of the governor-general, in the public Interest.
Under this authority it will be iwssible to combine t\^'o or more positions which
are not Incompatible, and the duties of no one of which require the entire time
and best efforts of the officials or employees concerned. As an example of the
action which would be taken if the proposed act be passed. In many of the
smaller x>rovinces where the duties of clerk of the court of first instance and
clerk to the provincial governor are not sufficient to occupy the time of two
emplyees, the positions would be combined at a salary sufficient to secure a
competent and honest employee and, at the same time, a saving of at least 25
\>ev cent in the present exiiense. It is believed, although there is a divergency
of opinion on the subject between Interested officials, that this plan of consoli-
dation of offices might be carried Into effect with not only economy to the pub-
lic treasury, but advantage and convenience to the taxpaylng public, by the
consolidation at each provincial capital and In each municipality outside of the
city of Manila of all offices concerned In the collection of public funds, with the
possible exception of the i)osltlon of municipal treasurer in a provincial capi-
tal. In this manner accountability for public funds would be vested In one
official In each municipality with corresiwnding reduction in risk of defalca-
tion, since through the. Increased dignity of the ix)sltlon a more adequate salary
and higher tyi)e of official could be secured than Is at present possible where,
by reason of duties being divided between two or more officials, It is impossible
to pay adequate compensation, although the sum of the salaries paid is mate-
rially more than sufficient to secure one thoroughly reliable official.
Under si)eclal provision of law regarding the i>ostal service, and through
the cooperation of the bureau of posts with this office, the positions of munici-
pal treasurer and postmaster have been consolidated In a large number of the
smaller municipalities, with material convenience to the public and some econ-
omy to the service. It should be proi)osed that this iwllcy be extended to
Include not only the bureau of posts but all other branches of the insular gov-
ernment having representatives In the provinces engaged In the collection of
revenues. Thus at the present time In the town of Cebu, which Is also a i)ort of
entry, there are locateil a collector of customs at a salary of ^S,000 i)er annum,
a provincial treasurer at 1Hi,0<X), and a postmaster at 1^^,000, a total of ^17,J)G0
P(T annum. From Information obtained from representatives of the various
branches of the service Interested and from others It Is believed that these three
positions might well be consolldatcHl Into one office under the title of collector of
revenue, or some other appropriate designation, and the salary of W0,000 per
annum provided, with a saving of f7,9tX), and the consequent economy of 46
I)er cent In the salaries now paid these three offices. Further economy could be
effected through the adjustment of the salaries of certain subordinate Insular
and provincial employees, upon the basis of salaries paid positions of relatively
the same requirements In the provincial service; by the joint use of customs
cutters and launches for Insular and provincial pun>oses, which would be prac-
tical) le under the proposed arrangement, and by avoiding the not infrequent
duplication of such transportation service with corresponding mmecessary
^expense to the public treasury. In* addition by bringing together these three
^offices not only under one officer, but under one roof, or at least in locations of
close proximity, there would be an Incalculable saving in expense and In time
to the public having to do with them, since business could be transacted with-
out passing from one part of the city to another, as Is now the case to a cer-
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 157
tain extent in most ot the towns which are at the same time provincial capitals,
ports of entry, and money order and telegraph offices. There is encountered in
the investigation of tills matter considerable opposition on the part of some
otficials, but as yet no reason has been developed which would indicate the im-
practicability of the project
PROVINCIAL TBEASUBIES.
The provincial treasury service, like other branches of the government, has
continued to suffer through frequent changes in personnel, since the date of my
last report. Nine treasurers, or almost one-fourth the total number, have left
the service through resignation, transfer, or removal.
Under the last head two separations from the service occurred — one for neg-
lect amounting to practical abandonment of official duties, and the other for
failure to prosecute with due energy municipal officials who were unfaithful to
their trust in the custody, collection, and expenditure of public revenue. The
removal of these two officers was due to the enforcement of the requirement of
this government that its officials shall put forth their best efforts and consci-
entiously perform their duty. This rcMiuirement, directly and indirectly, has
aroused the adverse criticism which Americans and others have so freely made
of the government's policy and methods.
The district auditor service, which was organized during the period covered
by the next preceding report, became well established during this year, and its
results have been highly beneficial to that i)ortion of the government service
which comes within the Jurisdiction of this office. It has afforded a practically
uniform and, it is believed, honest examination of the accounts, not only of
provincial treasurers, but of municipal treasurers who formerly had been inde-
pendent of central supervision.
Much time and effort have been devoted by district auditors and provincial
treasurers in the instruction and improvement generally of municipal treas-
urers. Illegal collections and expenditures have been stopped wherever dis-
covered, and the comparatively small expense of the district auditor service us
a result has been saved many times to the taxpayer. While it is undoubtedly
true that petty officials still succeed in diverting to their own pockets moneys
collected under the guise, or on account of taxation, and succeed occasionally
in withdrawing funds from the public treasury unlawfully In the matter of ex-
penditures, yet such instances are now comparatively rare, and the public is
rapidly learning to recognize official corruption and knows where and how to
seek the remedy.
In pursuit of the policy of advancing Filipinos to positions of responsibility
and trust as rapidly as the requisite cai>aclty is demonstrated, practical exami-
nations have been held for appointment and promotion in the provincial treas-
ury service during the year. As a result Miguel Unson, one of the provincial
employees of longest continued service and most marked efficiency, was ap-
pointed treasurer of the province of Isabela and several other Filipinos now em-
ployed as deputy provincial treasurers, or in analogous positions, will be ad-
vanced as vacancies occur, and be given an opportunity to demonstrate fitness
for further promotion. These men have all had several years' practical ex-
perience in the treasury service, and have demonstrated that they possess both
initiative and proper conception of the responsibilities which are incident to the
custody and control of public funds. They have had their experience under
American officials and in accordance with American methods. They recognize
tliat their success, as officials of this government depends upon their meeting
the requirements of American standards, and such faith Is felt in their ability
to acquit themselves creditably that they will be recommended to the governor-
general for appointment, with no more reservation or uncertainty than would
be felt in the case of American officials.
GUANOES IN MUNICIPAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS.
During the fiscal year there were 21 new municipalities created, by dividing
^old municipalities into two or more parts. Between July 1 and November 1,
there were 28 new ones created in the same way. These latter will come into
existence January 1, 1908. During the fiscal year 9 municipalities were so
combined as to leave 5, and 3 have been fused into 1 since. The subprovinces
of Apayao in Cagayan, and of Kalinga in Lepanto-Bontoc, were created during
158 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINB COMMISSION,
the fiscal year, and a new boundary fixed between the snbprovince of Am-
burayan, and the provinces of Ilocos Sur and La Union. Since July 1 the prov-
ince of Agusan and the subprovinces of Romblon, Marinduque, Siquijor, Butuan,
Bukidnon, and Batanes have been created and the province of Romblon abol-
ished by attaching it to Capiz. The number of provinces remains as before,
38, but 7 of these are now under the. special provincial government act
PBOPEBTY INSPECrriON.
The designation of district auditors throughout the islands as special in-
spectors with authority to act upon damaged, lost, or surplus property of the
insular government within their respective districts has, as was anticipated
in my last report, contributed greatly to the prompt dispatch of property in-
spections. In the city of Manila the practice of appointing officials or employees
with other regular duties to perform to act upon insular government property
located in Manila not having been entirely satisfactory, an employee of the
bureau of audits was appointed permanent inspector of insular government
proi)erty for the city of Manila on August 28, 1906, with the understanding
that the work of property insjiectlon was to be his first duty and that he would
be otherwise employed only when his services were not needed in this connec-
tion. This change also has resulted In increased cfllciency and dispatch in
handling property matters within the city of Manila, and it is believed that
action upon insular public property throughout the islands is now secured with
less delay than at any time since the establishment of the insular government.
The permanent Inspector for the city of Manila has also, under the supervision
of this office, been able to effect the transfer of surplus property from one
bureau to another In many cases where, had less careful attention been paid
the matter, the property would probably have been sold at public auction as
not needed in the public service. The advantage of securing the full value
of proi>erty by interbureau transfers, instead of condemning and selling the
same at a low price when no longer needed by the particular bureau possessing
it, is obvious.
During the fiscal year 348 special inspections of public property were ordered,
and 4 inspection committees and 10 special inspection committees were ap-
pointed, a total of 362 inspections, or an increase of nearly 40 per cent over
the previous fiscal year. A total of 407 inspection reports have been approved
during the past year, 45 of which were reports submitted by inspectors appointed
during the preceding year.
DISTRIBUTION OF DOCUMENTS.
There has been practically no change during the year In the work of the
bureau In connection with the distribution of public documents. It being still
charged with the distribution of all official publications of the Ck>mmisslon
and of this bureau, for which no charge Is made, with the exception that the
free official distribution of the Official Gazette and Oaceta Oficial was, on No-
vember 15, 1906, transferred to the bureau of printing, by executive order No.
42, series of 1906.
A total of approximately 85,000 packages of printed matter have been mailed
or delivered by messengers of the bureau during the year, consisting of census
reiwrts, reports of the Commission, the executive secretary and other officials,
copies of laws, executive orders, proclamations, the Official Gazette and other
documents.
By act No. 1660, enacted June 27, 1907, provision was made that "hereafter
there shall be no free distribution of any public document, pamphlet, or publi-
cation, except by express authority of the secretary of public instruction."
The purpose of this enactment was to relieve the Commission and the govemor-
*geueral of the necessity of authorizing from time to time the free distribution
of documents which, under the reorganization act, could only be authorized by
resolution of the Commission in the case of the Official Gazette, and by the
governor-general in the case of other publications. Uix)n the enactment of the
law the secretary of public instruction authorized the executive secretary to
continue the free distribution of all government publications in charge of this
bureau, with the exception of the Official Gazette and other similar publications.
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETABY. 159
CABLEQBAMS.
The system of condensing the cipher code in use between this office and the
Bureau of Insular Affairs, mentioned In my last year's report, has been con-
tinued during the fiscal year, and its value increased by a supplemental code
tending further to reduce the cost of the cable tolls between the two offices.
During the fiscal year 280 cablegrams have been received by the bureau from
the United States and foreign countries, 462 official cablegrams have been sent
by this office, and a total of 3,001 official excerpts from such messages has been
furnished to Insular bureaus and others concerned. The total cost of cable-
grams forwarded by the Bureau for the year was M.7,080.22, of which sum
^9,037.60 were paid by the executive bureau and W,048.62 by other bureaus
and offices. The total cable tolls for the fiscal year 1906 amounted to W9,066.76,
thus showing a reduction of M.,986.54 during the past year.
FIBEABM PERMITS.
The arrangement referred to in my last report whereby this office approves
permits for the city of Manila, and handles only such provincial permits as are
disapproved by the director of constabulary has been continued during this
year.
A consistent effort likewise has' been made in the past twelve months to reduce
the number of firearms, particularly rifies and revolvers, in the hands of indi-
viduals other than peace officers of the Government. On February 25, 1907,
the governor-general issued a circular letter to all provincial governors direct-
ing that no new firearm permits whatever be issued, except in unusual cases
where special necessity for the possession of the arm is proved, and that an
endeavor be made to reduce the number of permits extant, whenever such
action may be taken without injustice or great inconvenience. The governor-
general also stated the policy to be not to authorise the issue of rifles to police
of municipalities not exposed to raids or assaults by bandits and maurauders,
his idea being that the police of such municipalities should be armed with
revolvers and clubs, as are the police of the city of Manila. That this measure
has not been fruitless is shown by the fact that during the fiscal year only
678 new firearm permits were issued In all the provinces of the Islands, as
against 1,005 issued during the fiscal year 1906. In the city of Manila, owing
to the existence of authorized gun clubs and to other causes, the reduction of
firearms is attended by considerable difficulty, and 920 new permits were issued
as compared with 961 for the previous year, a reduction of but 41. The results
of the efforts to reduce the number of arms are further shown, however, by
the fact that during the year 1,078 permits were canceled — 562 by the director
of constabulary, and 516 by the chief of police of the city of Manila — being
more than twice the number canceled during the fiscal year 1906. The follow-
ing statistics show more fully the action taken in regard to firearm permits
during the past year.®
TRANSPORTATION OF GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYESB AND FILIPINO STUDENTS.
Upon the enactment of the recent railway rate legislation by the Congress of
the United States, some doubt was felt as to whether it would affect thfc contracts
with the various steamship and railway lines for the transportation of officials
and employees of the Philippine government, members of their families, and of
Filipino students. The contracts then in force expired on December 31, 1906,
and pending decision of the matter they were renewed by the Chief of the
Bureau of Insular Affairs only for the three months ending March 31, 1907.
However, a decision favorable to the interests of the Philippine government
was rendered by the Interstate Commerce Commission in January, 1907, and the
contracts were then renewed by the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs for
the full calendar year 1907, upon terms similar to those for the calendar year
1906. The small retluction in railway fare accorded Insular passengers traveling
to and from the United States upon the army transports, however, has been
discontinued.
During the past few years considerable difficulty has been experienced in
Fecuring accommodations on the contract steamship lines for insular officials
<»0n file In the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
160 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
and employees desiring to proceed to the United States during the months of
March, April, and May. The congestion during the spring months has been
greater during the past year than ever before, and many insular employees
who desired to leave the islands at that time were compelled either to cancel
their applications for leave of absence, or to postpone the date upon which they
should become effective, in some cases for as much as two months. Con-
fronted by this dilemma a considerable number of employees, who had not
intended taking such action, proceeded to the United States via the European
lines running through the Suez Canal, as furnishing the only method of leaving
the islands at the time desired. The main cause of the congestion during the
spring months is the annual exodus of employees of the bureau of education,
as a result of the closing of the schools in March, and the necessity the teachers
are under of departing immediately thereafter In order to enjoy their full vaca-
tion In the United States. It has been noted besides that as a rule employees
throughout the service prefer to start on their leaves of absence during the spring
months, thus avoiding the rigors of a winter In the United States, after a more
or less protracted stay In the Tropics.
Effort was made by this office to relieve this untoward condition of affairs
by securing accommodations for Insular officials and employees upon the army
transports, but owing to the fact that the transfer of troops between the
United States and the Islands was then being effected, practically no relief what-
ever was secured during the particular months mentioned. It is hoped, how-
ever, that during the same months of the coming year accommodations on the
transports may be available to relieve the conditions described.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1Q07, requests for transportation to the
United States at the contract rate were furnished by this office to a total of 412
persons, including officials, employees, and their families, and Filipino students
proceeding to the United States to enter educational institutlona The requests
furnished were divided as follows: Three hundred and eighty-six full, 9 half,
14 one-fourth, and 3 servants' fares. Of the above, 132 were wholly or par-
tially at the expense of the Insular government. More than 30 per cent of the
I>erson8 furnished with transportation at the government contract rate were
Included in transportation requests issued during the two months of March and
April.
A total of 297 persons. Including Insular officials and employees, their families,
and 2 Filipino students, were furnished with transportation to the United States
during the fiscal year upon the army transix>rts. The greater part of these
accommodations, however, were secured prior to March 1, 1907, and, as hereto-
fore stated, first-class passage for very few insular officials or employees has
been secured on the transports since that date. However, a considerable
number of applicants have accepted soldiers' accommodations upon outgoing
trans{K)rts since the date mentioned rather than lose their vacations In the ho)ne
land, the number furnished with such accommodations being Included in the
figures given above.
The total number of Insular passengers for whom transportation was secured
by this office during the fiscal year, both upon commercial vessels and army
transi)ort8, was 709, not including 56 indigents, vagrants, and condltl<nially
pardoned prisoners who were deported by the Insular government as hereinafter
stated.
DEFOBTATION OF VAGRANTS AND DESTITUTE AMERICANS.
As compared with the fiscal year 1906, there has been a very marked decrease
In the number of vagrant and destitute Americans, and of conditionally par-
doned prisoners, deported to the United States during the past year. The
retrenchment policy of both the insular government and the military authorities
In the Islands resulted in the deportation to the United States during the fiscal
year 1006 of a total of 223 persons. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907,
the total number of persons of the classes mentioned sent to the United States
upon army transports at the request of the Insular government was only 56.
The decrease In the number of Indigent Americans In the Islands Is believed to
be very largely due to the demand for labor In the construction of the Philippine
railways, and from information received by this office it is thought that there
Is at present a smaller number of unemployed American citizens in the Philip-
pine Islands than at any other time for a number of years.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 161
PABDON8.
The work of the committee appointed by executive order No. 24, of May 1,
1906, for the purpose of reviewing the records of prisoners sentenced for bando-
lerismo, sedition, and insurr^tion, and of making recommendations as to proper
cases for pardon, has been continued during the year. It is not yet completed,
owing to the fact that the Judges who are members of the committee have been
8o occupied with their Judicial duties that the work of the committee has had
to be interrupted. The committee has considered and reported upon a total of
285 cases during the year, of which 108 were recommended for conditional
pardon or parole; commutations of sentences were recommended In 76, and
recommendations that pardon be denied were made in 101 cases.
As stated In my last report, the pardon conmiittee in its partial report of
June 20, 1006, called attention to the fact that no legal procedure existed by
which a conditionally pardoned prisoner might be reincarcerated should he
violate the conditions of his pardon, and suggested that the necessary legis-
lation to cover this omission be enacted. Favorable action upon this sug-
gestion was taken by the Philippine Commission on August 9, 1906, upon which
date act No. 1524, providing for the enforcement of conditions made by the
governor-general in the exercise of his discretion in the granting of conditional
pardons, was enacted. A number of cases of conditionally pardoned prisoners
having violated the terms of their pardons has been reported to this office,
but investigation developed the fact that in the majority of them the viola-
tion was not willful, being rather due to ignorance or misunderstanding on the
part of the men pardoned. In such cases, by authority of the governor-general,
the conditions of the pardons were again carefully explained and no prosecu-
tion ordered. In the province of Albay, however, a number of cases arose which
were turned over to the provincial fiscal for action under the act above men-
tioned. Rei)ort of the action taken by the court of first Instance in these cases
has not yet reached this office.
Two other important acts relating to prison management and the release
of prisoners were passed by the Philippine Commission during the year. These
are acts Nos. 1533 and 1501, enacted August 30, 1906, and November 10, 1906,
respectively. The first provides for the diminution of sentences for good con-
duct while in confinement, and the second empowers the governor-general to
parole prisoners under such conditions as he may impose, the act providing also
means for reincarceration, should the terms of the parole be violated.
At the suggestion of this office, a rule was adopted by the governor-general
on February 18, 1907, providing that petitions for pardon in all cases of homi-
cide and in which denial of pardon has been recommended by the pardon com-
mittee would not be considered by him more than once a year, unless some
special reason for reconsideration were shown. In all other cases i^etltlons
for pardon are not considered by the governor-general more than once in six
months, unless sixH?lal reasons are advanced. It Is believed that the one-year
rule might well be adopted in all cases, and the governor-general thus relieved
of reviewing every six mouths a mass of such applications largely devoid of
merit.
During the fiscal year a total of 1,549 petitions for pardon were considered
by the governor-general, of which 1,112 were denied and 321 granted. In 110
cases sentences were commuted, and 6 prisoners were released under parole.
There were 2,113 cases under investigation, or pending decision, on June 30,
1907. This number includes also the bandolerlsmo cases not yet passed upon
by the pardon committee.
EXTRADITION REQUISITIONS.
There were no requisitions of criminals between the Philippine Islands and the
United States or foreign countries during the year. One defaulter — ^a clerk
in the United States Signal Corps— got away successfully with about W,000
and preparations for requisition were made but he has not been found. Since
July 1 there have been three cases : One man sold his nlpa house to two dlffier-
ent persons and left on a transport. Preparations were made to extradite him
from Honolulu, but the military put him aboard a westbound transport and
saved th^ trouble. He is now in Bilibid.
Two Manila merchants who had left for Europe and were sojourning in
Macao were charged with falsifying a private document to the defraudation
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 11
162 REPORT OF THB PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
of an estate, and extradition papers were issued. The case was settled out of
court and the matter dropped.
In September an ex-soldier of marines was charged in Hongkong with mur-
dering his paramour, a woman of the under world, who had escaped from
Manila with a large sum of money, the proceeds of an insurance policy be-
longing to another woman of the same kind. He was found in Chefoo, China,
and arrested by order of the consul there, after a desperate fight, in w^hich both
he and one of his captors were rendered unconscious, the money and the wo-
man's jewelry being in his possession. He was afterwards placed on a United
States gunboat and brought to Manila, whence he was requisitioned by the
governor of Hongkong. After a hotly contested legal battle he was delivered
to the British authorities and is already, I understand, sentenced to be hanged.
LAW DIVISION.
Since my last rejiort an important change has occurred in the legal depart-
ment of the bureau. On January 1 the law clerk, Mr. Harry E. I^ughlln, was
made chief of the administration division of the bureau and the chief clerk-
ship was abolished, Mr. Thomas Gary Welch, who held that position, taking
charge of a new division which was then created and called the " law division."
The abolishment of the chief clerkship made it necessary for the duties of the
position to be distributed among the various chiefs of division, falling in larg-
est measure upon the second assistant executive secretary. The change was
effected practically without additional expense.
The law division assumed all the duties formerly resting on the law clerk
and his associates, including the appointment work and. In addition, took up a
large amount of consultation work and of drafting legislation for submission
to the Commission. The number of formal memoranda, which are in effect
legal opinions, furnished by the division from January 1 to June 30 was 27.
This represents only a fraction of the work of this kind actually done, as by
far the most of the consultations are oral and are answered orally, by indorse-
ment, or In i)encil notes which, having served their purpose, are destroyed.
Over 40 proposed acts were drawn in the division before the end of the fiscal
year, of which 21 found expression in actual legislation. Eighteen executive
orders and 7 proclamations were prepared by the division in the six mouths of
its existence.
GASES AGAINST PROVINCIAL AND MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS.
During the year there have, been two provincial oflicials, both Americans,
removed, and 182 cases against municipal otficlals, justices, and auxiliary
Justices of the i)eace tried. Of the defendants, 127 were found guilty, 65 ac-
quitted, and SO removed. This is the lowest number of cases tried and of
officials removed since 11K)4, while the percentage of acquittals is higher than In
1905 or 11K)0. There were l(i justices and auxiliary justices removed during the
year, as against 12 the year before. This would indicate that act No. 1450,
which leaves these cases to the local Judge of first instance instead of the
provincial l)oard. Is working effectively. " Exhibit A" is a tabular statement
giving detailed information In the premises.**
There were (>9 cases against municipal officers pending before provincial
boards at the end of the fiscal year and none awaiting action In this bureau.
How many cases were pending against justices and auxiliaries can not be given.
as these cases are now handled by the judges of first instance direct.
The charges upon which the cases were based and the decisions therein are
set forth in " Exhibit B." ^ It shows a great Increase in charges of al)u.*<e
of official position— a total of 100 as against 39 for 1906.
The convictions on this charge were also proi)ort tonally more numerous —
being 63 out of 100. Municipal presidents and councilors were the worst of-
fenders In this regard, numbering 48 out of the 63. This goes to show that
the i)eople are learning their rights, becoming more tenacious of them and less
timid of giving testimony against tyrannical officials.
STATISTICS BEGARDINO APPOINTMENTS.
There were 650 appointments made last year as against 1,380 the year before;
but that year was exceptional, owing to the paswige of act 1450, which necessi-
tated the appointment of 1,159 justices. Exclusive of justices there were 176
* On file In the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 168
»
appointments by the governor-general, by and with the consent of the Commis-
sion, and 84 designations by the governor-general alone, as against 221 and 106
the year before. " Exhibit 0 " appended hereto gives the statistics of this work
in detail.
*' EiXhibit D " is a table showing the number of provincial officials in office
at the date of this report and the relative number of Americans and Filipinos.
It shows a large reduction — ^97 — in the number of officers from last yoar.
This 4s mostly due to the abolition of the offices of provincial secretary and
president of the provincial board of health and the expiration of the terms of
office of the members of the boards of tax appeals. The proportion of Ameri-
cans to Filipinos is 34.25 per cent, an increase of 10 per cent.
** Exhibit B," likewise appended, is a similar table for municipal and town-
ship officers. It shows an increase in the number of officials of 596, of whom
307 are notaries public. The percentage of Americans to Filipinos, 0.77, is one-
tenth of 1 per cent higher than last year.
PBOVINCIAL ELECTIONS.
Two provinces held elections for governor during the year. The extirpation
of ladronlsm In Cavlte, which followed the downfall of Sakay, Montalau et al.,
brought that province Into such a condition of political health as to render It
eligible to choose Its own chief, while Isabela, having remained at peace for
the two years since the last American governor was transferred to Samar, had
rei)eatedly expressed Its desire to elect Its own governor. Accordingly the
governor-general, on November 13, liX)6, Issued an executive order calling a
gubenuitorlal election for Isabela on the first Monday In February, and this
was followed a week later by another for an election in Cavlte at the same
time. These elections were held under the old law, the election law having made
special provision therefor, and passed oflP without Incident of note. Mr. Ellseo
Clara vail was elected in Isabela and Mr. Leonardo Osorlo in Cavlte. Neither
election was protested, and both were confirmed.
MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS.
In my last report I referred to the unfinished municipal election In Malabou,
Rlzal, then lately separated from Navotas. Altogether three elections were
held, the last on September 5. This, like the others, was protested for fraud,
bribery, coercion, and on various other grounds, one of them being —
" Because various leaders of the Luna party remained inside the polls more
than sufficient time. Influencing by their presence, gestures, and suspicious ac-
tions the voters In general, In this way preventing the voters casting their
ballots at their own discretion." •
For one reason or another the provincial board of Rlzal failed to act on the
matter until finally, on January 12 of this year, the Commission authorized the
governor-general to appoint, and the governor-general did apiwint, a committee
to investigate and decide the matter. It finished Its work on January 31, de-
ciding In favor of the apparently elected candidates, who promptly took their
seats.
STATISTICS AS TO QUALIFIED VOTERS.
** Exhibit F," hereto api^ended, shows the number of quallfietl voters regis-
tered at the municipal elections In December, 1905, to have been 143,965, as
against 150,081 In 1903. It has been impossible to obtain records from five
towns and the totals of these have been estimated from the returns of the other
towns in the same province. From two towns the totals only could be obtalne<l.
For these reasons the total registration appears larger than the sum of all the
columns showing qualifications. A comparison with the figures given In my
last report for the year 1903 shows a considerable falling off in total registra-
tion, but an increase in the percentage of those voting after registration. A
marked increase In the number qualifying by reason of government service In
Spanish times Is shown, but It is somewhat doubtful whether all of these actu-
ally did hold office, the absence of any punishment for Illegal registration mak-
ing it easy for unscrupulous persons to qualify under this head by the mere
assertion that they had been officials. It is worthy of note that the number
registered under the educational qualifications Increased about 2,000. The per-
centage of voters to population remains very low. The registration for the
assembly elections will be discussed further on.
164 BBPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
ELECTIONS AND THE ELECTION LAW.
The electiou law drafted by this bureau was submitted to the Commission in
September — ^the first reading occurring September 28, 1906. After consideration
by that body it was submitted to the convention of provincial governors In Octo-
ber and their recommendations passed upon before it was put into form for
public discussion. Public hearings were held for many days, but there were few
points raided which were found to warrant changes. In fact, the law as it
stands to-day is substantially as it was first proposed.
Among its principal features are provisions for assembly elections on July 30,
1907, the members-elect to serve until January 1, 1910, and for assembly, pro-
vincial, and municipal elections on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of
November in each odd numbered year. Municipal officers will hereafter serve
for four years, one-half being elected at each election. Provision is made for
special elections when necessary, and for starting in motion the machinery of
newly created municipalities. Thirty-four provinces send 80 delegates to the
assembly. As originally passed there were 35 provinces and 81 delegates, but
this was reduced by the fusion of Romblon with Capiz, July 2, 1907. Manila
Is declared to be a province within the meaning of the act of Congress authoriz-
ing the assembly and is given two delegates. The members of the assembly
have practically the same immunity from arrest and guaranty of free speech
as is given members of Congress by the United States Constitution; they are
to receive f^ a day for each day of actual sitting of the assembly, together
with actual expenses for travel and subsistence en route between their resi-
dences and Manila and return, once each session actually attended, probably
the highest per diem paid to any body of legislators in the world.
Mimicipalitles. are to be divided by their councils into voting precincts, con-
taining not over 400 qualified voters, and polling places must be provided in
each. The interior arrangement of polling places is outlined.
The sale of liquor in the vicinity of the polls on election day Is prohibited,
and the national pastime of cock-fighting can not be indulged in on that day,
although by act No. 1671 it has been made a legal holiday.
The qualifications of officers are somewhat changed. Those of delegates to
the assembly are of course fixed by the act of Congress of July 1, 1902, which
requires that they be qualified electors in their district and not less than 25
years old. The qualifications for provincial governors and third members of
provincial boards are bona fide residence for a .year, qualification as an elector,
and 25 years of age. Hitherto practically all that was required was nativity in
the Islands, or citizenship in the United States, and loyalty to the government.
The qualifications of elective municipal officials are also changed. Formerly
these officials had to be 25 years of age; this is now reduced to 23 in order to
allow a number of young men, whg have had the benefit of American schooling
in the past seven .years, to talie places in the local governments which it is be-
lieved they are able to fill. As formerly, municipal officials must be able to
read and write Intelligently either English, Spanish, or the vernacular.
Originally no ix»rson convicted of a crime punishable by two years' Imprison-
ment or more could hold any public office, nor could anyone who had been
administratively disqualified from holding office by the governor-general upon
removal therefrom. This has, since election, been made more stringent. Now
persons convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude are rendered ineligible,
and those convicted of the aforesaid crimes, but whose cases are on appeal, and
also i)er8ons addicted to opium are likewise disqualified. It is provided that
disqualification for office caused by delinquency in paym^it of taxes may be
removed between the time of election and taking office.
Another provision has been Inserted recognizing the acts of de facto officers,
a provision which Is common law in America but not known to the law of
Spain. This removes a source of much confusion and annoyance. Provision
has also been made for the removal of disqualified officers and, later on in the
law, the assumption of office by a person knowing himself to be disqualified is
ix?nalized. It Is hoiied that this will prevent recurrences of such conditions as
were shown in my last report to exist in Oriental Negros.
The qualifications of voters at assembly elections were fixed by the act of
Congress of July 1, 1902, as they existed at that date, and therefore they have
boon left the same for all elections to avoid double registration. To vote at
any election one must be twenty-three years of age, must have had a legal resi-
dence In the municipality for at least six months, and be not a citizen or
subject of any foreign power. In addition he must have any one of 3 — really
BEPOBT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETABY. 165
5 — qualifications, and none of the disqualifications specified. The qualifica-
tions are, that he shall have held during Spanish rule the office of either
municipal captain, gobemadorcillo, alcalde, lieutenant, cabeza de barangay;
or member of any ayuntamiento, or that he owns real estate worth WOO, or
pays KO of the established taxes annually, or speaks, reads, and writes either
English or Spanish. Residence can not be gained by officers or men in the Army,
Navy, or Marine Corps stationed in a municipality. The disqualifications are
delinquency In payment of any taxes assessed since ^Vmerican occupation, de-
privation of right to vote by sentence of a court, violation of the oath of alle-
giance, rebellion against the United States since May, 1901, or contributing to
the same, or giving aid and comfort to persons engaged therein, with exceptions
as to certain l>odies of insurgents which surrendered. The disqualifications
for rebellion are now practically a dead letter.
Some criticism has been made both here and in America that these qualifi-
cations are too restrictive and that the suffrage should be further extended. A
consideration of the qualifications and comparison with those required in some
of the United States does not give entire support to this view. Practically
everyone who held any administrative or executive office, even to the lowest,
as distinguished from a mere employment, in any municipality during Spanish
sovereignty, and who therefore has had any previous personal experience in
municipal government, may vote. In addition to this any owner of real estate
to the extent of $250 gold, or, lacking that, anyone who i)ays $15 gold of any
taxes, whether they be land tax, internal revenue licenses, or any other, and
including the cedula, may vote. Mere literacy in one of two languages, without
any further qualification, gives this right Thus there are 4 alternatives besides
the qualification of experience, either one of which suffices. In the States of
the Union which do not have universal sufl^ge there is none which offers so
many different avenues of qualification, and in many the requirements are far
more rigid. In Louisiana and South Carolina a person must either read a
clause of the Constitution or own property of the value of $300. In Massa-
chusetts and Connecticut he must be able to read a clause of the Constitution
without any alternative, while New Hampshire requires ability to read Eng-
lish, without specifying any particular test. In Virginia the voter must fill
out his application for registry in his own handwriting. It is to be remembered
also that there are now and for some years have been schools in which Eng-
lish is taught free in almost every municiimlity in the islands, while Simnlsh
has been the language of the educated and official classes since the sixteenth
century. Just how far the right of suffrage should be extended is a debatable
question, but I think there is no doubt but that it is quite as free here as in
many States of the Union, both north and south.
The election law changes the method of registration, taking it out of the
hands of the municipal authorities and creating for the purpose boards of
inspectors which will in time become bipartisan. There are no arduous con-
ditions imposed on electors, but they must appear in person on 'one of four
days and take an oath, as to their qualifications, the false swearing to which Is
a crime. Bach elector Is required also to show his cedula for the current
year. Registry lists are kept in triplicate and are open to the public, and any-
one aggrieved may apply to the nearest judge of first instance or to the
provincial board, upon notice, for an order requiring the inspectors to inscribe
his name or to strike off names wrongfully registered. The inspectors meet
on the Saturday before election for the purpose of complying with these ordors.
Official ballots printed at the bureau of printing, with blank spaces in which
to write the names of the candidates voted for, are furnished, and these must
be filled out by the voter himself In a private booth at the polling place and
can not be taken outside. This of course is not an ideal ballot, but it is the
best that could be devised, considering the chaotic condition of party organiza-
tion and the scarcity of printing presses in the islands, many provinces being
absolutely without them. Any voter physically disabled or incapable of filling
out his own ballot may choose any one of the 3 inspectors he likes and retire
with him into the booth to have it done. The polls are open from 7 o'clock in
the morning until 5 o'clock in the afternoon, and at the close the board pro-
ceeds to count the vote without interruption until it is finished. The municipal
councils act as a board of canvassers in municipal elections and the provincial
boards in assembly and provincial elections.
The penal provisions for punishment of offenses against the franchise are
numerous. One which has caused some perturbation in official circles pro-
hibits any public officer or employee from being a candidate for any, elective
166 REPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
office except reelection, and prohibits any Judge of first instance, Justice of the
l)eace, provincial fiscal, or employees of the constabulary or bureau of educa-
tion from aiding any candidate or taking any part in an election except to
vote. These provisions would be considered drastic in America, but In this
country, which has been under a highly centralized government for centuries,
the people have come to regard a hint from an ofilcial as a command which
must be unquestloningly obeyed. Moreover, political parties based on opposing
principles of government have not yet crystallized, so that politics and the
l)ersonality of the politicians are indistinguishable. Therefore to allow the
members of the above-mentioned branches of the government, which ramify
into every barrio and almost into every house, to take an active part in
politics would not only exert a tremendous Influence on the results, but would
create an impression difficult If not impossible to eradicate, that the govern-
ment itself was using its power for one side or the other. Besides, the element
of personality in politics is so strong that to assist one side is almost certain
to make personal enemies of the other, and the work of those departments,
whose influence for good depends largely upon their reputation for impartiality
and aloofness from factional disputes, would be seriously hindered were such
n feeling of enmity created.
In spite of these stringent provisions several cases occurred of persons hold-
ing office who were known to be candidates, but who did not so announce them-
selves or resign the office until a very few days before election, thus violating
the spirit of the law while keeping its letter. To prevent this and to make it
more comprehensive, amendments were afterwards passed providing that in the
future no person holding any appointive or elective office ninety days before
election shall be eligible, except for reelection, to any elective office, and that
to be eligible as delegate or for provincial office the candidate must file a cer-
tificate ten days before election announcing his candidacy and that he is eligible.
That some provision which will prevent officeholders from running for other
offices was needed is shown by the fact that for the November elections 213
resignations have been received, of which 128 were from Justices and auxiliary
justices of the peace and 47 from municipal councilors. Thirty-six officers re-
signed to run for delegate at the July elections.
The work of carrying the election law into operation was given to the law
division for the reason that this division was more familiar with its provisions
than any other and was best fitted to put it in motion. ThQ necessary blanks
and forms were drafted and printed, with instructions for their use covering
nearly all the duties of inspectors of election. EiStimates of the number likely
to be wanted were made for the director of printing, so that he might have a
supply on hand, and the requisitions therefor from the various provinces were
checked over as they came in to see that they were supplied with everything
nceaed In sufficient, but not excessive, quantities. This distribution was ef-
fected with as few delays or hitches as could be expected. Some few munici-
palities, not 'exceeding 5 or 6, failed to receive supplies In time, and some 15
municipalities failed to hold registration and were therefore disfranchised.
The law itself Is In no way resi)onslble for this, however, It being entirely due
to the neglect of officials and people to familiarize themselves with its provisions.
It Is Interesting to note, as showing the practical difficulties of inaugurating
such a measure In this country, that although supplies for the towns of Basco
and Calayan, on the Batanes Islands, between Luzon and Formosa, which form
a i)art of the province of Cagayan, were shlpiied from Manila on June 13, they
were still In Tuguegarao a month later, no mall boat having left there for the
Batanes In the meantime. A special coast-guard cutter was sent to these
Islands to take the ballots and forms and to receive the returns. These two
towns contain about 8,000 i)eople, all civilized, according to the census. The
American school-teacher writing from Basco In April stated that the possible
number of qualified electors was about 150; that there were no political parties,
only the partisans of rival cattle dealers; that those precluded by the law from
taking part In the elwtlon were the only ones who were able to understand the
law; that it might be three months after election before the returns could be
sent to the provincial capital, and suggested that no election forms be sent and
that the election be thereby prevented, which would be, he stated, a course
that would meet with general approval. In the two towns of the Batanes
Islands there were actually 107 ballots cast. The trip of the cutter cost the
insular government M,550, or W4.49 i)er vote.
Among other things, the law division, in cooperation with the president and
secretary of the muulcliml board of Manila, organized and held, on June 15, a
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 167
meeting and school for insi)ectors of election in the marble hall of the ayunta-
iniento building. An election booth was erected, members of the law division
staff acted as inspectors and, after the law had been explained orally, a dem-
onstration was given of the manner of registering and voting. An invitation
was extended to Inspectors in the near-by provinces, -and the meeting was at*
tended by about 250 persons. This proved to be of great value in preparing the
Inspectors for their duties.
Although every effort was made when drafting the law to make it as clear
as possible, a large number of questions have been asked regarding It. There
is no way of telling how many questions have been answered orally, but the
amount of time. consumed in this work would equal that of one man for four or
five days. Four hundred and tifty-tliree communications, containing an average
of 3 questions each about the law, have been answered by letter, telegram, or in-
dorsement. The greatest source of trouble seems to have been with regard to the
provisions prohibiting public officers from being candidates, 49 questions con-
cerning same having been answered — 34 about various officers and 15 regarding
notaries public. The next most disturbing question was when an officer would
be consldei^ed a candidate, so as to require his resignation. This was asked
IS times. The question of legal residence, which is usually a source of trouble,
camo up frequently. Three persons asked whether the inspectors of election
were themselves allowed to vote. One person, an American official too, asked
wliether a majority or plurality was necessary to election, although the act ex-
plicitly states that a plurality is sufficient.
Several amendments were suggested. One candidate desired to provide in-
tending voters with rubber stamps to print their names and to secure an amend-
ment permitting it. A number of suggestions and two actual requests were re-
ceived asking that more days be allowed for registration. Inasmuch as the four
days allowed are ample time in which to register all the i)ersons who care
enough about voting to present themselves, as a privilege of this kind extended
to one town would have to be extende<l to all, which there was no time to do,
even were it desirable, and as the C/ommissiou had steadfastly refused to enact
amendments, these requests had to bo refustnl. Four requests that the quali-
fications of voters be changed were received in ignorance, doubtless, that they
had been fixed by Congress. One municipal officer asked what he should do If
there were not 4 persons in his town who could read and write to fill the places
of inspectors and poll clerk.
Another suggested amendment, which has repeatedly been made and which
was agitated in the native press, throws a strong side light on the unwilling-
ness of the native to trust his brother Filipino wiien they differ politically. It
was strongly urgetl that the law be so amended as to permit a disabled voter to
take into tlie l)()oth with him to prepare the ballot any person in whom he has
eonfldence. All these suggestions were made urK)n the explicit statement that
insi)ectors of election being, for this election at least, usually all of one
party, could not be trusted bj voters of the other party to write on the ballot
the name the voter desired. This rellectlon upon the honesty of the Filipino was
in no instance made by foreigners, but always by Filipinos themselves.
The following translation of an extract from an official letter by a promi-
nent Filipino on the subject is illustrative:
" The corruption consists In the candidates securing the agreement of the
inspectors to write In their names when filling- out the ballots for those who
can not read or write, instead of the names of the candidates voluntarily
designated by the voter. The voter is heli)less to .prevent this practice, as
act 1582, section 22, gives him no recourse of enqiloylng persons for this service
in whom he has confidence; but he Is of necessity condemned to pass through
the corruption of the inspector, the exclusively authorized guide of the voter,
to lead him, apparently, along the right path, though the inspector's interven-
tion turns out to be tyrannical and criminal.
" This criminal and corrupt practice Is very easy to carry out and will be
resorted to frequently for obvious reasons. The real character of the Filipino
can not have escaped the observation of your honor. Almost all Filipinos, Includ-
ing those of the professional class, are poor in Intelligence, i3oor in heart, poor
in spirit, poor in body, and poor in morals, but rich in foolish desires and ambi-
tions; so that, with this fragile character of theirs, any of them is susceptible
of being bought for any price or consideration whatever."
The actual com plants of abuses of this character received since election have
been, however, comparatively few.
168 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Inasmuch as before the advent of the American Government the people had
no opportunity to become familiar with the principles of representative govern-
ment, or practice of carrying them into eCFect, it was to be expected that their
Ideas would be vague and their questions at times puerile. Some of the queries
did in fact border on the humorous. A paragraph in one of the penal sections
of the law contains a sweeping provision against bribery. One gentleman who
proposed to become a candidate was evidently mystified thereby, for he wrote
as follows:
" The third paragraph of section 30 of the election law punishes the person
who makes a promise to Influence the giving; or withholding of a vote.
" Does this prescription of the law include candidates who publish platforms
or manifestoes which contain promises of good government? '*
Under the law the provinces of Mindoro and Palawan, although neither Is
governed as a so-called Christian province, under act 83 are given representa-
tion in the assembly. This was done because these provinces originally were
divided into regular municipalities and contain a majority of Christian inhabit-
ants. It has been found very difficult in Mindoro to secure a sufficient number
of persons not already holding office who ix)ssess the requisite mental qualifica-
tions to fill the positions of inspectors and poll clerks. To quote from an
official utterance of Captain Offley of the Thirtieth United States Infantry,
provincial governor of Mindoro, on this subject :
" The sick, the lame, and the halt have had to be called upon to help supply
material for officials of election — and the electors have even imiKirted their
candidate."
As a matter of fact. In Mindoro but 622 and in Palawan only 228 votes were
cast for Delegate.
Fortunately conditions elsewhere are not so backward as in the Batanes and
Mindoro.
BEGI8TBATI0N UNDEB THE NEW LAW.
The registration days, June 21, 22, 28, and 29, passed off generally without
friction, and while there were occasional complaints against the insi)ectors,
some of which were serious, in general the boards acquitted themselves credit-
ably and, indeed, made as few mistakes as would have been likely to happen
in the average American city on the inauguration of a radically new law.
The municipal board of Manila received only about 20 appeals from i)ersons
claiming to have been wrongfully excluded.
In one province — Capiz— conditions were not at all satisfactory. So many
complaints of abuses and frauds on the part of the insi^ectors were received
that a member of the attorney-genera rs staff was sent to investigate. In his
report he describes the situation there as follows:
" In Capiz politics constitute the only thriving industry and the maneuvers of
two rival factions to i)ossess themselves of the muuiciiml and provincial offices
-constitute Capiz politics. The competition between these, factious is so intense
that it was not unnatural that the one which controlled the municipal council
of any town should avail itself of its power under the new election law to
api)oint its own partisans as inspectors. The faction calling itself ' modern-
istas* controlled 17 municipal councils, while their opponents could only count
upon 5. With 17 of the 22 election boards made up of leading partisjins of
one faction, the result of the election for assemblymen was a foregone conclu-
sion. To the partisan conduct of these election boards, the gravest abuses
that took place are traceable. These abuses consisted of: (1) Partisan treat-
ment of applicants for registration; and (2) unscrupulous use of the i)ower
to prepare the ballots for illiterate electors. As to a lack of all sense of fair-
ness or Justice, and to a want of any appreciation on the i>art of the Inspectors
of the responsibilities of their office, I found no lack of evidence in matters
of registration."
This officer found that in several towns outrageous frauds against the regis-
tration had been committed. In one town 0 qualified voters of the opposite
party were refused registration, 4 because they could not read and write either
Siianish or English when 2 of them were college graduates, and 2 because their
cedulas or poll tax had been paid in Manila, the inspectors claiming that tliis
established the fact that they were nonresidents. All of these men had voted
at i)reviou8 elections in the same province. The same board refused to listen
to challenges from the opi)osite party, unless a dei)osit of money for exi)enses
EEPOBT OP THE EXECUTIVE SECBETABY. 169
was made, although hearing those made by their oi^v^n party without demanding
money. Concerning the actions of the inspectors in this town the investigator
says:
" It would unduly extend this report to attempt to detail the outrages com-
mitted by the members of this board upon their fellow-citizens in keeping them
waiting from hour to hour — in many instances for two days — ^notwithstanding
they presented clear proof of their qualifications, and then finally telling them
that the polls were closed and they could not be registered."
* He cites 14 cases in this connection. The same report indicates that similar
abuses were committed in many other towns* of Capiz. Criminal prosecutions
which were delayed in all of these cases, owing to the absence of the judge of
that district, are now being instituted.
In Mindoro also a deplorable condition existed. In Lubang it was found
that 102 out of the 146 registered voters were disqualified at the time of reg-
istering by reason of nonpayment of taxes. In Calapan 38 persons out of 171
were similarly disqualified when they took the oath, and of these 13 liave been
convicted. In Mamburao practically all of the 42 persons who registered were
disqualified. In Bulalacao out of a registration of 91, 30 were disqualified,
and 33 more were entered on the registry list after the last day for registration.
In Naujan there have been 5 convictions for illegal registration. The lnsi)ect-
ors of election in Sablayan made up the registry list on sheets of pafier, and
when asked to explain why they were not made in the blank books provided by
law, answered that they did not want to get the books dirty.
Comparatively few complaints of Illegal registration have been received from
other provinces, and while this is not proof that no frauds were committed it
may safely be assumed that they were not so fiagrant.
The following condensed extract translation from a native paper, published
In the province of Cagayan, shows that other insi)ectors of election had views
of their infallibility more decided than correct :
"At 8 a. m. on June 30, 1907, Sefior Isidro Maguigad, sent by the provincial
governor for the purpose of giving instructions to the election inspectors of
Alcald and revising their work, arrived at Alcal&, and immediately sent for
the inspectors. Having requested and examined the registry lists, and having
found .that the board of inspectors had not held sessions on June 21 and 22,
1907, as provided by law, in view of the fact that the necessary blank forms
had not been received from the provincial board at that time, Sefior Isidro
Maguigad suggested to the inspectors, and insisted uix)n this suggestion, that
they draw up documents alleged to be the minutes of meetings supposed to have
been held on June 21 and 22, 1907, setting forth that said meetings were held ;
but that no voter applied for registration at either of them.
"The writer, who states that this happened in his presence, and that he
vouches for the truth of his statements, affirms wi|fh great pride that * How-
ever stupid and incompetent the Inspectors appointed by the pueblos may have
appeared to the honorable governor, who believed that they stood in need of
such Instructions or explanations of a person apix)iuted for the purpose of
interfering officially with the work of the inspectors, those appointed by us
here conducted themselves on this occasion like men worthy of their office.
They net only thanked Sefior Isidro Maguigad a thousand times for the kind-
ness with which our good governor had acted in sending a supervisor or general
instructor of election inspectors to the pueblos, but stated to him their grati-
tude for the excellent instructions given by him, tending to amend allegeil
errors which, according to him, might invalidate the election. At the same
time they energetically rejected his suggestion. Informing him that they knew
what they were about, and that they were acting on their own responsibility
and according to their best judgment'
" Sefior Maguigad was evidently not satisfied with the failure of the Inspectors
to act on his suggestion, as he declined an invitation for luncheon extended by
the acting municipal president, and called on Sefior Tomas Rodriguez Instead."
Exhibit G, .hereto annexed, gives the total registration .by provinces which
was 104,966. It shows that only 1.15 per cent of the population registered.
This was a surprise. In the provinces the percentage in 1903 was 2.44 and it
was generally expected that this figure would at least be equaled. The public
estimates for Manila were for a registration of 20,000, a figure large enough
to be certainly on the safe side. The city was divided Into 48 election precincts,
23 in the first assembly district and 25 in the second, which covers the wealthier
170 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
residential portion. The registration on tlie first two days was a disappoint-
ment. There were registered In the first district 1,170 persons, of whom !)7
were Americans, and In the second 1,679, of whom 2t>5 were Americans. This
high ratio of Americans Is noteworthy. The newspapers of all kinds took up
the matter and urged the people to register, some of the native prints being
rather severe In their criticisms of the apathy and Inertia of the Filipinos.
This resulted in an Increased registration the last two days, and when the
books were closed on June 21) there was a total registration In Manila of 7,1)02,
3,420 in the first and 4,482 In the second district, the Americans furnishing 211)
and 037 names, respectively. Even this Is a very small proix>rtion — 3^ per
cent — of the population, although It came within 98 of my estimate (8,000).
The decrease In the provinces from former years seems to have been due to
lack of Interest and failure to appreciate the importance of the assembly elec-
tion to the individual. At this writing the registration for the provincial and
municipal elections In November is completed, and while the reports are only
fragmentary, it seems certain that it will show a material Increase and perhaps
exceed 150,000— the highest yet recorded.
ELECTIONS.
In accordance with the pi*ovlsIons of the act of CJongress of July 1, 1902, the
Coumiission on March 28 by resolution certified to the President that for two
years following the publication of the census of the islands a condition of gen-
eral and complete peace had prevailed and then existed in the territory of the
islands not Inhabited by Moros or other non-Chrlstlan tribes. Thereupon the
President on March 28 Issued a proclamation diivcting the Philippine Commis-
sion to call an election for the choice of delegates. The Commission passed a
resolution calling the election for July 30 and directing the governor-general* to
issue a proclamation announcing suclf call, which he did on April 1. Copies of
these proclamations are subjoined as Exhibits H and I.
It is quite a coincidence that the assembly election day in these Islands
should fall ui3on a great anniversary In American history. It was on this
same day that the first legislative body In America met in 1019, two hundred
and eighty-eight years ago. It was the house of burgesses, which met in a
small wooden church at Jamestown, Va., where the recent tercentennial exposi-
tion was celebrated.
The election itself passed oflC with gratifying smoothness. In the cltj^ of
Manila during the whole of election day there were but 7 arrests, none of
which were for crimes In any way connected with elections. In the provinces,
except as above mentioned, but very few complaints were made. As was to
be expected from the manner o'f registration, in Capiz there were many charginu
of violations of law, and these are now being prosecuted in court, but this was
the only province in which the abuses were serious or general.
The i>roi)ortion of votes cast to the number registered was very high. The
total vote was 9vS,251 out of a registration of 104,9(50. This is far higher than
in America, although the percentage of the total civilized i)opulation that
voted was very low, being 1.41 \yer cent. Exhibit J, hereto annexed, gives the
total vote by provinces and parties.
CONVENTION OF THE ASSEMBLY. •
The act of Congress provided that the first meeting of the Assembly should be
held on the call of the governor-general within ninety days after the first eltx;-
lion. It was known that the Secretary of War would attend the oix?nlng cere-
monies, and accordingly, on September 14, the governor-general issued a
pr(K»lainatIon calling the delegates to meet at the ayuutamlento building in
Manila on October 16, the day after the Secretary of War's exr)ected arrival.
Owing to the small seating capacity of the marble hall and the groat number
of i)eoi)le who desired to l.>e present, the meeting place was afterwards changed
to the grand opt»ra house, which is more commodious. The proclamation con-
vening the assembly, together with the journal of the proceedings of the open-
ing session, giving the sjieeches then dellveretl, are hereto apiieuded marked
" Exhibit L."
PBOTESTED ELECTIONS,
Very soon after the results were announced protests began to come into this
office. In all cases the protestants were Informed that the assembly itself l>eing
made by act of Congress the " Judge of the elections, returns and qualifications
of its members " neither the executive lior any other branch of the government
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETABY. 171
had any jurisdiction, but that the protests would be held and delivered to the
assembly upon its organization. The monarchical Idea of government has be-
come so firmly fixed, however, that in several cases the protestants could not
understand such a situation, and in some instances native lawyers engaged in
lengthy arguments to show that the executive had a right to step in and inter-
fere. In two instances resort was had to the courts, naturally without success.
Altogether 17 protests covering 14 assembly districts were forwarded by this
office, and I am informed that protests from two more districts have been sent
direct to the assembly.
DIVISION OF ARCHIVES, PATENTS, COPYBIGHTS, AND TBADE-MABKS.
The great amount of work involved in the licensing of foreign corporations
and in the issuance of certificates of incorporation to domestic corporations,
added to the duties heretofore performed by this division, viz, the furnishing of
certified copies of notarial documents In the former archives of the Spanish
Government, the registering of patents, copyrights, and trade-marks, and of
cattle brands for all large cattle throughout the islands, has made this division
a very busy one throughout the fiscal year just ended. A total of 527 coi)iea
of documents, containing 3,475 pages, and 1,021,526 words, were issued to pri-
vate parties during the year, yielding a total revenue of ^2,140.37. Of this sum
W,021.81 were collected on accomit of copying the documents in question;
^804.06 were fees charged on account of the antiquity of the documents, and
W14.50 fees for certification. In addition to the above, 343 copies of docu-
ments, containing 970 pages and 227,276 words, were Issued gratuitously on
oflScial request.
During the preceding year the division issued a total of 602 copies of docu-
ments to private parties and 45 upon official request, or a total of 647. While
the past year shows a decrease of 75 copies furnished to private parties, there
is an increase of 208 fumlshe<l officially, making a total for the year of 870. a
net increase of work under this head of 223. The small amount of ^2,140.37
collected for this work is not in any sense proper compensation for the labor
Involved, and I again earnestly recommend that action be taken to fix a more
equitable schedule of fees. The existing schedule authorizes the charge of 10
centavos for copying 100 words, with an additional charge of 10 centavos for
each year of antiquity of the document, as comi)ensation for the labor of search-
ing therefor (section 3 of act No. 273 as amended by act No. 644). In my last
report I recommended that Instead of the 10 centavos per 100 words of copying
and the fees for searching, a charge of ^ per page be made. No action having
been taken upon that recommendation, it is now renewed in the following modi-
fied form : That paragraph 5 of section 3 of act No. 273 as amended by act No.
644 be further amended to read as follows :
5. To furnish to any private person or persons making written application
for the same, one or more copies of any document or paper in the archives in
which such person or persons may be personally concerned and to which he or
they may be entitled, and to certify to the correctness of same, if required, on
the payment of the following, fees :
For each page of copying of eight by thirteen inches in size, allowing a
suitable margin, or any fraction thereof, fifty centavos;
For each certificate of correctness of such copy, fifty centavos;
For every search for any document more than one year old, whether or not the
document be located in the archives, ten centavos for every past year of each
notarial record in which search Is made.
It is believed that the new schedule will result in only a moderate and proper
reimbursement to the government for the labor involved In searching through
these old notarial records and archives for documents desired by private indi-
viduals, and furnishing certified copies thereof.
There have been received in the division during the fiscal year 45 notarial
registers from the provinces of Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavlte, Cebu, Iloilo,
La Laguna, La Union, Leyte, Manila, Nueva E3cija, Tarlac, Tayabas and
Samar.
There have also been added to the archives 792 volumes relating to the Phil-
ippines and adjacent Islands, which were purchased by the Philippine exposi-
tion board for the St. Louis Exposition, and 132 books of historical Interest in
connection with the Philippines, together with 4 bound manuscripts and 18
copies of the book entitled " La Imprenta en Manila," all of which were pur-
172 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
chased by the late collecting librarian of the Philippine government, Sefior
Jo86 C. Zulueta.
After a laborious selection and examination by the committee appointed by
executive order No. 17, series 1905, the surplus, or damaged documents of the
division, many of which had been attacked by white ants and were a source
of danger to the remainder of the archives, were condemned by said committee
and burned on March 6, 7 of the present year. The space thus made available
lias been well utilized In the better classification and arrangement of the exist-
ing archives.
fiBGISTEB OF CATTLB BBANDB.
The work of registering the brands of all large cattle in the Philippine
Islands has been continued and to municipal presidents returning defective
copies of brands, or requesting data omitted In the copies forwarded, 701 letters
have been written. A total of 20,947 copies of brands were received by the divi-
sion during the year, 223 of which were returned as defective and 124 for cor-
rection. During the year 8,775 brands have been registered. At the time of
my last report 100 municipalities had not yet forwarded the cattle brands
within their jurisdiction for registry. Through constant correspondence with
these municipalities the number yet to be heard from has been reduced to 44,
and it is hoped that within the coming year the initial work of registering the
brands of the cattle in the islands will have been completed.
In my last report mention was made of the difficulties which have arisen in
connection with cattle registration in the provinces near the city of Manila,
owing to the cattle registration law not being applicable to Manila. The abuses
then mentioned have continued during the past year and have been such tliat
renewed recommendations have been made for the application of the general
cattle registration act to the city of Manila, and a bill including the city of
Manila within the scoi^e of the law in question is now in course of preparation
and will shortly be submitted to the Commission for its consideration.
BBQISTBATION OF PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, AND TBADE-UABKS.
During the past year 99 trade-marks and 15 certificates of trade-mark trans-
fers have been registered, and there have been filed" 49 patents issued in the
United States, 10 certificates of transfers of United States patents, and 5
caveats. There have been Issued 59 copyright certificates, 0 certified copies of
documents referring to trade-marks, and 1 certified copy of a caveat,
and collection has been made on account of 10 patents issued during the
Spanish regime. The total of fees received on account of these transactions
amounted to W,570.8C, as compared with P4,785.03 for the preceding year — ^an
increase of ^790.83.
The 59 copyright certificates granted during the year were issued pursuant
to the proclamation of Major-General Merritt of August 14, 1898, under which
the former bureau and present division of archives has construed the copyright
laws of the Si>anish Government in the Philippines as continuing in force.
However, in view of the fact that since the change of sovereignty In the
Islands Spaniards are considered as foreigners before the law, doubt exists as
to whether Spanish literary, artistic, and scientific works may legally be coi)y-
rlghted under the royal decree of January 31, 1890, which prohibits the copy-
righting of foreign publications. In a case which was recently presented, in-
volving the copyrighting of certain Spanish dramatic works, the attorney-
general held that the works could not be copyrighted, uix)n the ground that
while the (Congress of the United States by the act of March 3, 1891, granted
to citizens of foreign nations granting reciprocal rights to citizens of the
United States the privilege of copyrighting their literary productions in
Washington, section 1 of the act of Congress of July 1, 1902, specifically pro-
vides that section 1891 of the Revised Statutes of the United States should
not apply to the Philippine Islands, and that In consequence the copyright laws
of the United States are not api)licable to the Philippines. As a result the
literary works of neither foreigners nor of citizens of the United States may be
legally copyrighted In the Philippine Islands. Again, In an opinion of the
attorney -general rendered in connection with the ai)pllcation for coi)yright of
certain dramatic works based on the "noil me tanpere" of Dr. Jose Klzal,
It was held that the Spanish copyright laws which were continued In force by
the military order above cited ceaseil to be efl'ective ui)on the termination of
the military government, and that therefore all copyright certificates issued by
the division of archives to any person whatsoever since the establishment of
REPORT OP THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY.
173
the civil government are null and void. Should this opinion bo allowed to
prevail without remedial legislation, grave injury will be causecl to those who
In good faith have requested and been granted copyrights by the division since
the establishment of the civil government. It is therefore urgently recom-
mended that a proper and adequate copyright law be immediately enacted, and
that the same confirm and legalize all copyrights granted by the division bf
archives, which under the opinion of the attorney-general are now deemed to
be without legal effect
BBGISTBATION OF COBPOBATIONS.
As heretofore stated, the licensing of foreign corporations and the registra-
tion of domestic corporations under the new cori)oration law, enacted by the
Coipmlsslon on March 1, 1906, has largely Increased the work of this division
during the past year. The time fixed by section 70 of said law for the registra-
tion and licensing of foreign corporations has been three times extended by the
Commission and finally terminated on July 31, 1907. During the fiscal year
ending June 30, 105 foreign corporations were licensed, and certificates of
incorporation were granted to a total of 54 domestic corporations, of which 43
were stock, 2 nonstock, and 9 nonstock religious coriwratlons.
A complete list of all foreign corporations licensed to do business In the
Philippine Islands under the new corix)ratlon law from the time of its enact-
ment on March 1, 190(), down to and Including June 30, 1907, together with the
date of Issuance of license, is set forth In the following table, In which the cor-
porations are arranged according to nationality :
UNITED STATES.
Name of corporatlotn.
Organized under the
laws of—
American Surety Co. of New York
Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Oo _
Behrendt A Oo -•
Oadwalladcr Oo. (The B. W.) _ -
Oaatle Bros.. Wolf & Sons
California Manila Lumber Oommercial Oo
Commercial Pacific Cable Co
Domestic and Forelen Missionary Society of the Protestant
Episcopal Church of the United States of America.
Pidellty and Deposit Co. of Maryland
International Banking Corporation
Insurance Company of North America
Kdly-Springfield Road Roller Co
Moro Plantation Co
Mount Cogran Mining Co _.
Manila Trading and Supply Co
New York Life Insurance Oo _ —
Philippine Mining Co _ _
Philippine Islands Telephone and Telegraph Co
Philippine Products Co
Philippine Plantation and Commercial Co _
Standard Oil Co. of New York
Underwood & Underwood Co — -_.:
New Y^ork-
West Virginia.
New Y'ork
Oregon
California
do
New I'^ork
do
Maryland
Connecticut-
Pennsylvania.
Ohio
California
Arizona
Oliio
New York
Maine
Nevada
New Jersey...
Oregon
New York
New Jersey-
Issued li-
cense on—
Oct. 10,1906
Dec. 14,1906
Feb. 23,1907
Dec. 7.1900
Feb. 15,1907
Feb. 1,1007
Apr. 17,1907
Oct. 6,1906
Oct.
Dec.
Mar.
Feb.
Sept,
Sept.
Oct.
May
Oct.
Feb.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
10,1906
12,1906
27,1907
5,1907
.13,1906
.18,1906
2,li)06
22,1907
20.1906
1,1907
11,1907
20,1907
11.1907
27,1907
GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES.
Name of corporation.
Organized under the
laws of—
Alexander A Co. (R. F. & J.) _ _ England-
British India Steam Navigation Co. (Llmite<l) do...
British and Foreign Marine Insurance Co. (Limited) ' do.
Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China.
Central Agency (Limited) —
Coats, J. and P. (Limited)
Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Co
(Limited).
Guardian Assurance Oo
Jonas Brook A Bros. (Limited) —
London and Lancashire Fire Insurance Co _ _._
Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Co
Maritime Insurance Co. (Limited) — .
Marine Insurance Oo. (Limited) _ do
Northern Assurance Oo — do
Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society do
National Union Society (Limited) do
North China Insurance Oo. (Limited) do
—do
do.__
do— — -
do
-do—
-do
-do _
-do _
-do
Issued li-
cense on—
Apr. 9.1907
Oct. 27,1906
Feb. 1,1907
Dec. 11,1906
Apr. 6,1907
Apr. 0,1907
Oct. 6,1906
Oct.
Apr.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
1,1906
6,1907
1,1907
4.1907
1,1907
Mar. 27.1907
Feb. 6,1907
Feb. 28,1907
Feb. 4,1907
Mar. 9.1007
174
BEPOBT OP THE PHIUPPIirB COMMISSION.
GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES— Continued.
Name of corporation.
Organized under the
laws of —
Phoenix Assurance Co. (Limited) — . England —
Philippine Cold Storea (Limited) do —.
Palatine Insurance Co. (Limited) do
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Co do. __
Royal Insurance Co _ do
Royal Exchange Assurance - do_.
Stevenson, W. P., & Co. (Limited) do __
Scottish Union and National Insurance Co do
Sun Insurance Office ' do_ _ _
Standard Life Assurance Co do
Union Assurance Society --- — - -do_
Union Marine Insurance Co. (Limited) — do__
Warner, Barnes & Co. (Limited) — - — ' do —
World Marine Insurance Co. (Limited) \ do
Yorkshire Pire and Life Insurance Co_— — do
China.Pire Insurance Co (Limited) 1 Hongkong —
China Traders' Insurance Co. (Limited) - do —
Canton Insurance Office (Limited) do_
China Mutual Life Insurance Co. (Lhnited) ___do
China and Manila Steamship Co. (Limited) , do _—
Pook On Assurance and Godown Co. (Limited). —J do
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation _ do
Hongkong Pire Insurance Co. (Limited) ] do.
Hip On Insurance Exchange and Loan Co. (Limited) ' do
Philippine Co. (Limited) - do
Po On Marine Insurance and Qodown Co. (Limited) ! do -
Union Insurance Society of Canton (Limited)— I do. -—
Watson, A. S., &Co. (Limited) _ _ ' do. _
Yang-Tsze Insurance Association (Limlteil) do —
Yan On Marine and Pire Insurance Co. (Limited) do
British America Assurance Co Canada _— —
Canadian Pacific Railway Co _ do
Manufacturers Life Insurance Co do.
Mercantile Pire Insurance Co do.— -
Sun Life Assurance Co. of Canada - do
Western Assurance Co _ —•..do
New Zealand Insurance Co. (Limited) New Zealand
South British Pire Marine Insurance Co., of New Zealand do
Triton Insurance Co. (LImltwl) Rrltlnh India
Behn, Meyer & Co. (Limited).- Straits Settlements.
Issued li-
cense on —
Oct.
1,1908
Dec.
7.190G
Mar.
28.1907
June 21,1907
Oct.
2,1906
Mar.
18,1907
May
4,1900
Peb.
23.1907
Peb.
4,1907
Mar.
18,1907
Oct.
2.1906
Oct.
27,1906
Peb.
1.1907
Peb.
4,1907
Mar.
23,1907
Dee.
14,1906
Peb.
1.1907
Do.
Mar.
22,1907
June 12.1907
Apr.
6.1907
June 12.1903
Peb.
5.1907
Mar.
27.1907
Nov
. 6.190<3
6,1907
7.1906
6.1907
1.1907
18,1907
Peb. 23,1907
Dec. 14,1906
1.1907
6,1907
7,1907
4,1906
Mar. 27.1JI07
Pob. 4.1907
Peb. 1,1907
Do.
Apr.
Dec.
Apr.
Peb.
Mar.
Peb.
Peb.
Peb.
Oct.
GKRMANY.
Aachen and Munich Pire Insurance Co ; Germany-.
Portuna Allegemeine Verslcherungs-Aktien Gesellschaft do
German Lloyd Marine Insurance Co __ do
Hamburg-Bremen Pire Insurance Co do
Hanseatic Pire Insurance Co ...do
Magdeburg Pire Insurance Co _. _do
North (}erman Insurance Co. of Hamburg do
Prussian National Insurance Co do
Mar. 20.1907
Peb. 7,1907
Mar. 5,1907
Mar. 20,1907
Do.
Mar. 21,1907
Apr. 6,1907
Apr. 24,1907
NKTIIKU LANDS.
Batavia Sea and Fire Insurance Co.— i Netherlands—
Patum Accident Insurance Co _ do
Java-Chlna-Japan-Lyn do
Netherlands Pire and Life Insurance Co do
Stoomvaart Maatschappy " Nederland" .__! do
Samarang Sea and Pire Insurance Co.. do
Peb. 20,1907
Peb. 5,1907
Mar. 20.1007
Feb. 5,1907
Do.
June 17.1907
SWITZERI^ND.
Balolse Pire Insurance Co _ _ Switzerland..
Balolse Marine Insurance Co__ — do
Federal Marine Insurance Co. (Limited) - __do
Urania Cigar Factory (Limited) ■ do
Mar. 18,1007
Do.
Do.
Oct. 6,1906
JAPAN.
Imperial Marine Transport and Fire Insurance Co. (Limited). J Japan.
Mitsui Bussan Kalsha _ ' do
Toklo Marine Insurance Co. (LiniltttI) _ _ do
Apr. 6,1907
Mar. 23,1907
Mar. 22.1907
BEPOBT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECBETABY.
175
SPAIN.
Name of eorporatlon.
Oompafiia General deTabacos do Filipfnas (2 licenses).
Oompaiila Agricola de Ultramar. _ '.
Hospital Espanul de Santiago
Organized under the ' Issued II-
laws of — 1 cense on —
Spain 8ept.27,190a
do -.1 Oct. 22,1908
do- I 8ept.28,lJ)06
FRANCE.
La Conllanco Fire Insurance Co..
Union Fire Insurance Co
France .
do-
Mar. 18,1007
Mar. 27,1907
ITALY.
Scbweiger Import and Export Co _, Italy.
Nov. 7.1006
The following? is a complete list of all domestic coriwratlous to which
certificates of incoriwration were granted under the new corporation law, the
table showing the date of incorporation and the amount of capital stocli of
each coriKjration :
Name of corporation.
Capital
stock
(Philippine
I currency).
Assinga Co. (LImiUHi)
Ang Pagslslcap _— _.
Ateneo de Manila
Assumption College _ _
AngLiwayway
Army and Navy Club of Zambounga..
Baco River Plantation Co _ _. _
Buluan Ranchc Co _
Baguio Transportation Co. (Tlie) __ .__
Baguio Country Club (Corporation)..
Camara de Comercio China de Filipinas _
Colorado Mining Co _ _ __.
Clum Co. (W. N.)_ -
Oontracostena Infantense (La)
Destileria '* La Union " __
Eastern Engineering and Constniction Co
Gloria Steamship Co __
Iglesia Filipina Independlente __
Ilocos Mining Co _
Lepanto Mining Co _ '.
Do -
Do -- _-
Macleod Telegraph Code** Co_
Monserrat Bakery (Limited)
Manila Transport Co ,_ _ __
Manila Hemp Machine Co _ _
Moro Improvement and Trading Co _
Monasterio de la Pnrisima Concepcion de Nuestra Madre Santa Clara
Oriental Printing Cv>—. .—
Obreros Tabaqucros (Loh)
Otha Development Co
Philippine Hemp Machine Co _
Padada Plantation Co __
Protecc'.Ion de la Infancia (La) -> .
Philippines GoM Drodping Co _
Provlncla del Santisimo (Rosarlo) Nonibrc de Jesus de Filipinas, del
Orden de Ermltanos de nuestro Padre San Agustin
PIrawat _ — —
Philippine Publl.sliing Co -
Philippine Publishing Co _
Provincla del SanlLsImo Rosario de las Islas Filipinas.
Provlncla dc San Gregorlo Magno - —
Roman Catholic Bishop of Jaro. _ _
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila -
Roman Catholic Bishop of Nueva Segovia _ -
Roman Catholic Bishop of Cebu -
Roman Cuthollc Bishop of Nueva Caoeres
Southern Cross Plantation Co
1*80,000
2,j00
None.
None.
40,000
None.
23,000
riO,ooo
50,000
10.000
None.
1,000,000
12,200
2.>,000
25,000
20.000
40,000
None.
100,000
SO, 000
200.000
1,000,000
50,000
20,000
15.000
1,200,000
30,000
None.
25,000
2,500
100,000
150,000
50,000
None.
200,000
None.
6,000
5,000
600,000
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
100,000
Date of in-
corporation.
Jan.
Dec.
May
Aug.
Mar.
June 7,1006
June 7 . 11K)7
Feb. 17, um
Mar. 23.1907
Apr. l«).nX)7
May 2,1907
July 18.15)06
Feb. 10,1907
Feb. 20.1907
Do.
Juno 1,1906
Sept. 12. 1906
Aug. 15.1906
Dec. 26.1906
3,1007
2«},ll)06
9.11)07
14.1JJ08
6.1907
Sept. 22. 1906
«Jan. 10.1907
''Mar. 7,1907
May 2,1906
June 26,UX)6
July 27.1906
Dec. 11.1908
Dec. 22.1906
June 17.1907
Aug. 9.190^5
Nov.27.1}X)3
June 17,1907
Jan. 28,1907
Jan. 29,1{W7
Feb. 15,1907
Feb. 20,1907
Nov. 22.1903
Mar. 18,15)07
Mar. 22.1907
'^Mar. 25,l<Ky7
Apr. 1.1907
June 7,1907
June 19,1906
Aug. 24,1906
Do.
Jan. 14.15i07
Do.
Sept. 10.1906
« Capital stock Increased to P200,000. * Capital stock increased to ^1,000,000.
<= Capital stock increased to 1*000,000.
176
RBPOBT OF THE PHIUPPINE COMMISSION.
Name of corporation.
San Rafael Agricultural Co _
Smith Company (The E. J.)
Sociedad Mindorefia
Sariling L'\^as (Ang)
Tarlac Itailway Oo
Tayabas Plantation Oo _
TIbungoy Plantation Oo _
Tayabas Sawmill and Lumber Co _
Tarlac Distilling Co_
University Club of Manila
Uling-Lutac Coal Mining Co
Visayan Mercantile and Drug Co
Wilson Plantation Co _ _
Yek Tong Lin Fire and Marino Insurance Co. (Limited).,
Yebana Company (La)
Young Men's Christian Association of Manila
Yap Tlco y Compania _
Zamboanga Chamber of Conunerce
Zambo Mining Co ,
Oapital
I stock
(Philippine
currency).
.1 r 76,000
200.000
J 1,000
s.ooa
150.000
aoo.ooo
60,000
100,000
25,000
None.
100.000
100.000
30,000
500,000
100,000
None.
70.000
None.
25.000
Date of In-
corporation.
Sept.28.1906
Nov. 13,1006
Mar. 2,1907
June 18,1967
Aug. 9.1906
Aug. 81.1906
Nov. 8.1908
Do.
May 28.1907
Apr. &,I906
Apr. 4,1906
May 15,1907
May 7,1906
June 8,1906
Dec. 10,1906
June 24.1907
June 26.1907
Mar. ll.lOOr
Apr. 24,1907
RECOBDEB OF THE COMMISSION.
The work performed by the recorder of the Commission and his office force
has been greater in volume during the past year than in the year previous,
owing to the natural increase of the business of his office and to the duty im-
posed upon him of making verbatim reports of discussions in the Commission
and of hearings before that body on various subjects, particularly on the sub-
jei't of the new railway construction* now in progress in the islands of Luzon,
Panay, and Xegros.
The necessity of making provision for the new duties which will devolve upon
the recording officer of the Commission upon the establishment of the Philippine
assembly impelled the Commission, by Act No. 1679, to re-create the position of
secretary of the Commission. The act provides that the secretary shall be ap-
IK)inted by resolution of the Commission and that, after the organization of the
Philippine assembly, he shall perform the duties which would properly be
required of the recorder of the Commission under existing law, and such other
duties as may be imi)osed by resolution of the Commission. It further pro-
vides that the secretary of the Commission shall act as chief of the division of
legislative records of the executive bureau, effective as of the organization of
the Philippine assembly.
As the organization of the Philippine assembly marks the establishment of
a legislature composed of two houses, the Philippine Commission and the Phil-
ippine assembly, It Is deem^l advisable that this rei)ort cover the i)erlod from
July 1, 1006, to October 16, 1J)07, the date on which the work of the Commission,
acting alone as the legislative body of the islands, ceased. The records of the
Commission for this i)eriod show the number of executive sessions to have been
230; public sessions, 24; hearings and discussions before the Commission which
have been reported, 26 ; laws enacted, 203 ; resolutions adopted, 815 ; appoint-
ments confirmed, 814; acts of the legislative council of the Moro Province
approved, 31, and miscellaneous entries in the minutes, 176.
On October 16, llKXi, by executive order No. 38, the hours of legislative sessions
of the Commission were fixed by the governor-general at from 9 o'clock a. m.
until 12 noon, dally, Sundays and legal holidays excepted; these hours being
later changed by executive order No. 19, July 3, 1007, to from 8 o'clock a. m.
to 1 o'clock p. m., dally, Sundays and legal holidays excepted. Prior to the
issuance of executive order No. 38, the Commission had no regular time of
meeting, sessions being held at the call of the president. Executive sessions
held monilng and afternoon of the same day have been recorded as one session,
and public sessions held in the morning and afternoon as two. From November
10 to December 5, irKXJ, the governor-general, ex officio president of the Com-
mission, was absent from Manila on an official trip through the southern prov-
inces; on March 30, the Commission being In Bagulo, holdhig regular sessions,
the governor-general found it necessary to leave for Manila on executive busi-
ness, returning about April 23; on May 18, 1907, he left on an official trip
through the northern provinces of Luzon, returning about June 26, 1907. There
being no quorum during the periods mentioned, no sessions were held* -
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 177
Of the ^4 public sessions, 1 each was held for the discussion of the chattel-
mortgage law, the Philippine road law, and the weights and measures bill ; 6
for the horse race gambling bill; 2 for the bankruptcy bill; 11 for the election
law; 1 for the inauguration of the fourth chief executive of the Philippine
Islands, and 1 upon the reception and welcome of the Honorable the Secretary
of War.
Hearings and discussions held before the Commission have covered a mul-
tiplicity of subjects, among which might be mentioned the matters pertaining
to railroad construction In the islands, the proposed grant of a franchise to
the Automatic Telephone Construction Company, the proposed amendment to
the land- registration act, and the petition to susiiend the operation of the race
track gambling law. As previously remarked, a verbatim report of these
hearings and discussions has been made. Six copies of a volume of 443 type-
written pages, containing a complete record of discussions, resolutions, com-
munications, reports, etc., from May 28, 1906, to May 31, 1907, on the railway
questions which were submitted to the Commission, have been bound at the
bureau of printing and have been furnished the Bureau of Insular Affairs, the
governor-general, the secretary of commerce and police, the supervising railway
expert, and the Insular auditor, the sixth copy being retained in the recorder's
olHce. Under the railway franchise acts, Nos. 1497 and 1510. the power of
IMisslng on all questions affecting railways was left to the governor-general
without reference to the Commission, and all action taken by the Commission
was merely advisory in character, except in so far as authority of the legisla-
tive body was necessary to incur expenditures not already provided for by law.
RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMISSION.
Of the many resolutions, general in character, adopted by the Commission
during the year, the following might be mentioned as among the more Im-
portant and as demonstrating the diversity of subjects under consideration :
July 23, 19()G — authorizing the secretary of commerce and police, on behalf
of the Philippine Commission, to enter into an agreement in writing with the
Hawaiian Sugar Planters* Association, through- Its representative, Mr. Albert
F. Judd, of Honolulu, with the object of safeguarding the interests of Filipino
laborers with whom Mr. Judd was contracting for service on the sugar planta-
tions of Hawaii. On December 18, 190G, the Commission, by resoultion, ap-
|)olnted Messrs. S. M. Damon, Alexander Garvie, and A. M. T. Bottomley, of
the banking house of Bishop & Co., with residence In Honolulu, Jointly and
severally as attorneys for the government of the Philippine Islands and on its
behalf to carry out the provisions of the above contract, and to commence,
prosecute, or enforce all actions or legal proceedings touching any of the mat-
ters contained in the said agreement.
July 24, IJXK) — establishing 24 health districts throughout the Islands under
the provisions of act 1487, and confirming appointments made thereunder.
January 11, 1907 — ^authorizing the secretary of commerce and i)olice to ap-
IK)lnt in the United States, by telegraph, 3 inspecting firms or individuals to
Inspect railroad material to be useil in the construction of Philippine railways,
consisting of steel rails, bridges, track fastenings, and other items of con-
struction, in accordance with the practice prevailing among American railroads,
January 25,^ 1907 — authorizing the governor-general to enter Into a contract
for the protection of natives of the Philippine Islands taken to the Jamestown
Tercentennial Exiwsition.
February 4, 11K)7 — defining the word "completion," as applied to railroads
under the provisions of act No. 1497, granting a franchise to the Philippine
Railway Company, the matter being a very important one, as affecting the
amount for which the government is liable under its interest guaranty on the
cost of construction of the Visaj-an railways.
February 25. 1907 — authorized the establishment In the bureau of audits of
a division of railway accounts, and after consultation with the supervising rail-
way expert, the insular and dei)uty auditors, and the representatives of the
Philii)pine Hallway Company, approved certain rules and regulations for the
inspection of construction and audit of the accounts of the Philippine Railway
Comi)any.
April 2S, 15K)7 — authorizing the secretary of commerce and police to enter into
a contract or contracts with the contracting steamshii) companies, with a view
to stK'uring more expeditious, wonomical and better service to a large number
of i)orts in the Philippine Archipelago, in the event that the military authorities
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7 12
178 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
dispense with the Interisland transports, excepting those equipped solely for lay-
ing and repairing cables or for carrying refrigerated stores, and to enter into
contracts with the said companies for their business.
March 12, 1907 — ^that the government should insure its own property, and that
a special fund should be created to be Invested and held to replace any property
of the government of the Philippine Islands which might be damaged or de-
stroyed. Act No. 1728 providing for such insurance has since been passed.
March 18, 1907 — decided that a complete medical school, with a course of five
years, should be established in the islands, and provided a faculty therefor.
March 20, 1907 — the governor-general was authorized to take up with the
Secretary of War the question of the transfer to the civil authorities of the
telegraph and cable lines operated by the military, under the terms and condi-
tions stated in the resolution. This transfer has since been effected.
March 26, 1907 — ^authorizing and requesting the governor-general to appoint,
as members of the board of directors of the Philippine Railway Company, to
represent the interests of this government in the deliberations of said board.
Gen. Clarence R. Edwards and Maj. Frank Mclntyre, U. S. Army, chief of
the Bureau of Insular Affairs, and assistant chief of the Bureau of Insular
Affairs. resDectlvelv
March 28, 1907— certifying to the President of the United States that " for
a period of two years after the completion and publication of the census, a
condition of general and complete p^ce, with recognition of the authority of
the United States, has continued to exist and now exists in the territory of the
Philippine Islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian tribes," and
requesting the President of the United States direct the Commission to call a
general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly of the people
of said territory in the Philippine Islands, which assembly shall be known as
the Philippine Assembly.
March 30, 1907 — under and by virtue of the executive order issued by the
President on March 28, 1907, the Commission formally called a general election,
' to be held on July 30, 1907, for the selection of delegates to the Philippine
Assembly.
April 25, 1907 — requesting the assignment of the United States Fish Com-
mission boat Albatross to these islands, for the purpose of making scientific
investigations and Instructing the natives thereof in deep-sea fishing and the
pearl and sponge industries. The Albatross is expected to arrive in the very
near future.
May 9, 1907 — a committee, consisting of the Hon, W. Morgan Shuster and
8 other lawyers was appointed tp compile and codify all the laws of the Philip-
pine Islands up to and including June 30, 1907, the object being to complete, if
possible, a compilation of the laws of the Islands before the opening of the
Philippine Assembly. On October 2, 1907, the report of the committee was ac-
cepted and the committee discharged. It appeared from the report of the com-
mittee that it had completed a compilation of all acts up to and including
August 31, 1907. The Commission deeming It advisable that the same should
Include all laws passed by it up to the time of the organization of the Philip-
pine Assembly, appointed a new compilation committee of 3 members, with Com-
missioner Shuster as chairman, to continue the work, so as to Include therein
all acts passed from August 31, 1907, up to and including October 15, 1907,
and authorized an expenditure of not to exceed W2,000 for the printing, bind-
ing, and publishing of 500 copies of the final compilation and Index thereto.
July 24 — the Commission expressed its opposition to the enactment of any
law which would permit the granting of absolute divorces in the Philippine
Islands, on the ground that the enactment of a law similar to that which pre-
vails In some of the States In the United States would not be In the Interests of
the Filipino people, the question having been brought up by a i)etItion request-
ing the enactment of a law which would permit the petitioner to remarry, he
having been granted a divorce by the courts of the islands.
August 5 — the secretary of commerce and police was authorized to adver-
tise publicly for bids for a concession to construct a railroad from San P'er-
nando, Pampanga, to Arayat, a distance of approximately 9 miles.
August 14 — the Commission reserved certain described land for a town site at
Slbul Springs, a health resort of the Islands.
September 9 — the Commission denied a petition filed by the Philippine
chaml)er of commerce for the reduction until December 31, 1907, of customs
duty on foreign rice on the principal grounds: (1) That the farmers and pro-
ducers of rice in the Philippine Islands had not been consulted as to the pro-
BEPORX OF THE EXECUTIVE SECBBTARY. 179
posed reduction in tariff rates, and that it was doubtful whether such reduction
would be to the interest of the rice growers, and whether the consumer would
receive the benefit of any such reduction; and (2) that there was some doubt as
to whether under the act of Congress of March 3, 1905, the Commission had
any power to make reductions in the rice tariff once the rate had been fixed
for a given period by an act of the Commission.
October 3 — ^authorizing the director of navigation to advertise for bids for
the improvement of the port of Tagbtlaran, Bohol, and in case proper bids were
not received, to proceed with the improvement of the port by administration,
and pledging WO.OOO for that purpose.
August 14 — ^the Commission settled the question of the width of roadbed to
be constructed by the Philippine Railway Company.
LAWS OF THE MOBO PBOVINCE.
Thirty-Six certified copies of laws of the Moro Province were received by the
recorder, in accorda^ice with section 32 of the Moro government act (No. 787),
which requires that all laws of the Moro Province shall be passed subject to
annulment or amendment by the Commission. Of the above 33 were approved
upon reading and 3 after having been questioned by the Commission were with-
drawn by the legislative council of the Moro Province.
CHANGES IN THE PERSONNEL OF THE COMMISSION.
On September 20, 1006, Hon. James F. Smith was Inaugurated as governor-
general of the Philippine Islands, succeeding Hon. Henry Clay Ide, resigned.
The inauguration was held in the marble hall of the ayuntamiento and was
attended by the Commission in a body, the Justices of the supreme court of
these Islands, the ofllcial representatives in the' Philippine Islands of foreign
nations, bodies of ofllcers representative of the United States Army and Navy,
Judges of the court of first instance, provincial governors, administrative ofli-
cials of the insular govemmeLt and of the city of Manila, representatives of
the several commercial arid economic associations of the city, the veteran army
of the Philippines, and a large representation of the general public.
Hon. W. Morgan Shuster, formerly insular collector of customs, was ap-
pointed by the President to the vacancy created in the Commission through the
resignation of Hon. Henry Clay Ide and the appointment of Hon. James F.
Smith as governor-general, and having taken the oath of office assumed his
duties as commissioner and secretary of public instruction on September 28,
1906.
The position of vice-governor has remained vacant since the inauguration of
Governor-General Smith.
SESSIONS AT BAGUIO.
On February 28, 1907, in accordance with its annual custom, the Commission
adjourned to meet at Baguio, Benguet. Sessions began there on March 9, 1907,
and continued morning and evening of practically every working day until
March 30, when, as noted above, the governor-general returned to Manila on
executive business. Sessions were resumed on April 24, and the Commislon
met daily until May 18, when an adjournment was taken to meet in Manila
after the return of the governor-general from his official visit to the northern
provinces of Luzon. It will thus be seen that while the Commission left Manila
for Baguio one month earlier than last year, the actual number of days on
which a quorum was available and sessions were held during the season was
only about equal to that of the season of 1906. Dally sessions of long hours
and close application was the rule. A great many subjects of Importance were
considered and a large amount of accumulated routine and current business dis-
posed of, so that upon the termination of the season at Baguio all matters pend-
ing had received the attention of the Commission. The staff of the Commission
at Baguio comprised 15 employees, the same number as last year. The postal
and telegraph arrangements between Manila and Baguio were excellent, and the
members of the Commission were enabled to prosecute their business with the
officials of the various bureaus and offices with reasonable expedition and con-
venience.
MATTERS PENDING BEFORE THE COMMISSION.
All matters pending at the beginning of the fiscal year, as shown by the last
annual report, have been disposed of except the bankruptcy bill and the pro-
posed penal code and code of criminal procedure.
180 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
The bankruptcy Mil, — ^This bill was presented to Hon. Henry O. Ide, president
of tlie Commission, by a committee of tlie Philippine Bar Association on July 24,
1906, and, after revision by Governor Ide, it was passed to first, second, and
third readings, and submitted to public discussion. After considering the sug-
gestions and recommendations made during its discussion and in communica-
tions received from banking and commercial institutions of Manila, the bill was
laid on the table on October 29, 1906, and Commissioners Shuster and Luzu-
riaga were appointed a committee to confer with certain members of the Phil-
ippine Bar Association as to the advisability of preparing a new draft of a
bankruptcy law, to be taken from the law relating to insolvency as it stood
under the Spanish regime or from the insolvency laws of one of the United
States, and amend and amplify it to meet conditions in the Philippine Islands,
the same to be translated into Spanish by members of the association familiar
with Spanish and American legal terminology and presented to the bar asso-
ciation for discussion and amendment, if desired, and when perfected by the
association to be submitted to the Commission for consideration. It is under-
stood that a new draft is now in the possession of Commissioner Shuster and
will be presented to the Commission at an early session.
Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure, — This measure has been allowed
to remain on the table, the Commission having found it necessary to give Its
attention to more urgent matters. It has been decided now to leave the matter
with the assembly.
In addition to the foregoing, there are now pending before the Commission a
bill looking to the reorganization of the municipal government of Manila ; a bill
to provide for the lnsi>ectlon of steam and other vessels of the Philippine Islands,
and to regulate the transportation of passengers and merchandise thereon, and
a number of other bills of minor importance.
Appended hereto and marked " Exhibit L," and " Exhibit M," are the journal
of the Philippine Commission, on the occasion of the ceremonies attendant upon
the Inauguration of the Philli)plne Assembly, October 16, 1907, and the journal
of the joint convention of the Philippine legislature on October 17, 1907.
ADMINISTRATION DIVISION.
As recommended In my last annual reiwrt, the name of the administration,
and finance division was changed by act No. 1527 to that of the administration
division.
The duties of the chief of this division were Increased by the abolition of the
I)osltlon of chief clerk on January 1, 1907, the result of which was to make neces-
sary the handling by the chief of the administration division of practically all
incoming corresiKHidence. This division is charged with the greater part of the
"action" work of the bureau, except that relating to election matters and
appointments, and, as has been the case in previous fiscal years, has been com-
I)elled to perform a large amount of overtime work.
TKANSLATING DIVISION.
This division has worked under difficulties during a considerable portion of
the fiscal year by reason of the absence, either on leJive or due to Illness, of the
chief of the division and two Spanish-English translators. The work of the
division was somewhat lightened, however, by relieving It from the necessity of
translating i)ardon jietitlons and the lengthy court sentences and Indorsements
connecte<l therewith, all of which work is now handled by Filipino clerks In the
administration division. The fact that all the officials of the bureau and every
division chief except one has a good working acQualntance with the Spanish
language has also rendered It iwssible to disi)ense with the necessity of trans-
lating a large amount of more or less routine correspondence of the bureau, and
thus further rellevetl the congestion in the translating division.
The following figures show the amount of translating work performed by the
division during the past fiscal year:«
The work of reviewing the island press published in the Spanish language
and the various Philippine languages has luH^n continued during the year, and
has involved the reading of 5,903 daily, weekly, !)iweekly, and monthly publi-
cations, as a result of which 159 press reports w(»re made for the governor-
general, aggregating 2,512 folios of tyi>ewritteu matter. The division also fur-
» Omitted and on tile In the nurcuu of Insular Affairs, War Department.
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 181
nlshed an Interpreter for most of the public and executive sessions of the Phil-
ippine Commission, for a number of the sessions of the committee on pardons
and for other work. The chief of the division, prior to his departure on leave
of absence on March 11, 1907, also accompanied the governor-general on several
of his provincial visits of insi)ection as his i)ersonal interpreter.
LEGISLATIVE DIVISION.
The chief of this division, Mr. David I^wis Cobb, returned from leave of ab-
sence in the United States on October 20, 1906. In order not to delay the pub-
lication of the supreme court reports, Mr. Cobb i)erformed' considerable work
in preparing Volume III for the printer while absent in the United States on
his vacation, with the result that the volume in question was printed and dis-
tributed shortly after his return to duty.
During the fiscal year Volume V of the Public Laws, Annotated, In English
and Spanish, was compiled and published, official distribution made, and the
remainder placed on sale with the director of printing. This volume contains,
in both English and Si)anlsh editions, the laws of the Philippine Commission
for the legislative year ending August 31, 190(5, and consists of acts Nos. 1384
to 1536, Inclusive, the regular lists and special tables published in previous
editions, and the following acts of Congress approved during the year 1906.
The act of February 26, to revise and amend the tariff revision law of 1905 ;
the act of April 30, to regulate the United States-Philippine trans-Pacific carry-
ing trade and the local trade between interisland i)orts ; the act of June 13, pro-
hibiting the imiwrtatlon, e.xiK)rtatlon, and transportation of falsely or spurious-
ly stamped articles of merchandise made of gold, silver, or their alloys; the act
of June 23, amending the Philippine coinage and currency act of March 2, 1903 ;
the act of June 28, amending section 2844 of the revised statutes ; and the act
of June 30, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, or transi)ortatlon of adulterated,
mlsbranded, or deleterious foods, drugs, and liquors, and regulating the traffic
therein. To carry out the intent and purpose of this latter law, the Philippine
Commission has enacted act No. 1655, known as the "Pure Food and Dru ' ct,"
and promulgated appropriate rules and regulations for its enforceme^ain mthe
islands.
In view of the fact that the full legislative authority of the i '>j
ceased on October 15, 1907, it is the intention to have Volume VI of |es of th^.
Laws, which is now being compiled, contain all the legislation of tb'
slon down to the Inauguration of the Assembly. Were this action '^^lent to
and Volume VI closed on August 31, as has heretofore been the '^J^^ipped -
would be necessary to issue a separate volume, in both English and .c ^5g^*M*^/
the legislative enactments of the (Commission for the month and a *^ V ^^'^^^ '^JJ.
ing between the close of the legislative year and the inaugura' f^ ^/^^.'^o new
Legislature. h£
The executive orders and proclamations issued by the governor-^^eral during
the calendar year 1906 were comi)iled and published by the division and have
since been distributed, the English and Spanish texts of the orders and procla-
mations being contained in the same volume.
PASSPORTS.
All applications for passports received by the Bureau, as heretofore, have
been passed ujkju by the chief of this division prior to their Issuance by the
governor-general. The total number of passports Issued during the fiscal year
was 91, of which 78 were to citizens of the I'nlted States and 13 to citizens of
the Philippine Islands as defined by the treaty of Paris and the act of Congress
of July 1, 11K)2. No formal applications for passports have been disapproved
during the year, owing to the fact that each iierson desiring to apply for a pass-
port has been first questioned to ascertain his status, and In cases where an
application could not be considered favorably the applicant has been so informed
and the reason why passport could not Issue exi)lalned to him. The majority
of such applicants belonged to the class to whom passjwrts might have been
Issued if the American rule were in force here as regards persons bom in the
islands and subject to the jurisdiction thereof. The remainder consisted of per-
sons who have made their declarations of Intention, and of honorably discharged
soldiers, who because of their residence in the Islands have been unable to com-
plete the formalities of naturalization. This subject has been discussed In a
previous report. In which recommendations were made with a view to avoiding
what seems a hardship in many cases.
182 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
OFFICIAL OAZETTB.
The division has continued in charge of the publication of the Official Gazette,
both English and Spanish editions, the matter which has been published therein
having been practically the same as outlined in my report of last year. The
subscriptions to the Gazette have increased somewhat during the past year, and
the Si)ani8h edition yielded a net revenue of «,055.68. The English edition,
however, which has a smaller circulation, caused a net cost to the government
of ^^,442.85. The net cost of both publications during the fiscal year was there-
fore ^2,387.17. The net cost of both publications during the previous year was
W,417.32.
PHILIPPINE REPORTS.
Volume III of the Philippine Reports, both English and Spanish editions,
containing the reported decisions of the supreme court of the Philippine Islands
from December G, 1003, to and including April 23, 1904, were published by the
division In December, 1906. With the publication of this volume, however,
the reports of the supreme court were still nearly three years behind. The
imjwrtance of having the decisions of the supreme court compiled and pub-
lished down to date, and of having its future decisions promptly reported and
published, was brought to the attention of the Commission on January 11, 1907,
upon which date that body adopted a resolution authorizing the temiwrary em-
ployment in the legislative division of 4 additional clerks to assist In bringing
the work of publishing the Philippine reports down to date. Under this author-
ity, 4 additional clerks were Immediately employed, and the division devoted
itself with energy to the work, with the result that during the period from Jan-
uary 15, 1907, to June 30, 1907, Volumes IV, V, VI, and VII of the reports, both
English and Spanish editions, were compiled, indexed and published and the
office force of the division reduced to Its normal size on the latter date.
The 7 volumes of the reports now published In both English and Simnlsh
cover the reported decisions of the supreme court for a period of six years, be-
glnnjif-jvwlth the first reported case on March 8, 1901, and ending with case No.
105 led March 13. 11K)7.
C ly 13, 1907, the supreme court of the islands adopted a resolution re-
quf ^ the Commission to re-create the position of reporter of the supreme
C,^ flj'^'lch had been abolished by act No. 1407. The action requested by the
'Wi\ ini; ourt was taken by the Commission on July 23, 1907, by the enact-
anision. .^ No. 1075. The legislative division of the bureau was abolished
altiou o^' ^' August 31, 1907, and Its chief, Mr. David Lewis Cobb, was ap-
^\v^ porter of the supreme court. Under the new arrangement, the re-
pOTftr'T^m continue In charge of the compilation of the Public Laws and the
Official Gazette, being subject to the orders of the supreme court as regards
the i)ubllcatlon of the Philippine reports, and to the orders of this office as re-
gards the publication of the Public I^ws and the Official Gazette.
RECORDS DIVISION.
This division, as stated In previous reports, Is charged wltli the recording of
all the correspondence of the governor-general, the heads of executive depart-
ments, the members of the Philippine Commission, and the executive bureau
except that emanating from the division of archives, patents, copyrights and
trade-marks which latter division, by reason of the peculiar nature of its work,
keeps Its own records.
LOCUST PLAQUE.
Considerable damage has been Inflicted throughout the provinces durfng the
past year as in previous years by the locust peat, which, It api)ears. Is to yearly
recur. With the practical exhaustion of the Congressional relief fund, how-
ever, from which insular assistance in coml)ating this i)est has heretofore been
extended, the various provincial governments have been advised that this mat-
ter must bo c(>nsidere<l a provincial and municipal problem and that all exi)enses
incurred In combating the locust plague must be paid out of provincial and
municipal revenues. Hence no statistics have been received, as in previous years,
as to the weluht of tlio ItK-usts destroyed, except those in the reports of the pro-
vincial governors, referreil to later.
BEPOKT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 188
BEPOBTS OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS.
Attention Is invited to the reports of the provincial governors attached hereto
and marked " Exhibit N." Several do not contain all the information required
by law and by the instructions issued by this bureau. Nearly all of them are
wanting in precise data. With few exceptions they are not as satisfactory as
in previous years, and the searcher for facts regarding the actual conditions
prevailing In the provinces during the period covered will not be repaid in the
same measure as heretofore. The governors of three provinces, who resigned
shortly after the expiration of the fiscal year to become candidates for the
assembly, have failed to send in their reports. The labors Incident to the cam-
paign and to the sessions of the assembly, of which they are now prominent
members, are probably the reasons for the regrettable absence of their rejwrts
from among those t)f their i)rovlnclal colleagues. The three provinces referred
to are Cobu, Leyte, and Tayabas, which, according to the census of 1903, had
an aggregate population of 1,195,714.
In view of these facts, it Is manifestly imi)Osslble to give a survey of condi-
tions in the provinces in as complete a manner as would be desirable. The best
that can be done is to synthesize the data available — ^a great part of which it
would be difficult to check — in order to arrive at the conclusions that only a
more or less analytical study of the reports could give.
The report of the Moro Province is not included in this survey.
AORICULTCRE.
Taking the provinces In alphabetical order, the following remarks apply to
the production of rice, abaca, copra, and cocoanuts, tobacco, sugar, and other
crops.
Rice.
Abra Increase of 25 per cent over last year.
Albay Outlook is for an unheard-of crop of rice.
Ambos Camarlnes Crop almost totally destroyed by rats and certain noc-
turnal pests.
Antique 450,000 cavans harvested during the year.
Bataan Over one-half of the crop lost through the ravages of the
accip.
Batangas Considerable increase; production almost sufficient to
supply all local demand, very little being shipped
Into the province.
Benguet Notable Increase In the number of rice paddles.
Bohol Last crop half of normal, and estimated at 55 per cent
more than the preceding one.
Rulacau Small crop, due to Irregular rains.
Capiz Croi)s harvested in September, October, and November
good in coast towns, but those in the interior de-
stroyed by locusts and worms; however, shipments
were made to Romblon, Masbate, and Hollo.
Cavlte Rico produced on a large scale.
I locos Norte Increase of 10 per cent in production.
Hollo (treat decrease in production, due to ravages of locusts.
Province will have to Import rice next year.
La Laguna Production, 250,000 cavans of cleaned rice worth from
f*l ,250.000 to W,375,000.
La Union Ordinary crop.
Lepanto-Bontoc ^.Crop short In many sections owing to ravages of a worm
called " balalec."
Mlndoro Crop, 116.417 cavans of palay.
Misamls Crop, 00,.307 cavans; estimated loss from locusts, 37,940
cavans.
Nueva Ek!lja Rice the principal agricultural product.
XueVa Vlzcaya Rice produced.
Palawan The largest crop since American occupation.
Pampanga The crop a failure.
184 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Pangasinan Increase in production over last year estiaiated at 25
per cent.
Romblon Crop damaged by locusts and worms.
Samar Rice raised only for local consumption.
Sorsogon 02,287 sacks of unhulied rice liarvested.
Surigao--^ Considerable quantity produced throughout the prov-
ince. Crop estimated at 50 per cent over that of last
year.
Zambales Crop 15 per cent larger than last year and more land
under cultivation.
A baca,
Albay I^roduction for this year, though 20 per cent short,
estimated at 400,000 plculs. Price of hemp, which
averaged ?20 i)er picul for about three years, now
fallen to 1*13 (attention is invited to the recommenda-
tions in the report of the governor of Albay regard-
ing the export tax refund on hemp).
Ambos Camarines Crop increased from 30 per cent to 35 per cent over
last year and will soon be normal.
Antique Production greater than last year.
Batangas Increased production over previous year.
Bohol Amount grown constantly increasing.
Capiz Plantations being extended; prices good.
Cavite Abaca produced generally throughout the southern
pueblos of the province.
La Laguna Production, 60,000 piculs; average price, from W7 to
W9 per picul.
Mindoro Production, 7,288 piculs.
Mlsamis Fire caused ^J00,000 damage to hemp plantations;
general conditions, however, improved, though prices
for lower grades have fallen.
Oriental Negros Production, 40,500 piculs.
Romblon Production, 8,407 piculs.
Samar Ex|)ortation larger than any year since American occu-
pation.
Sorsogon Essentially an abaca province. Prices have fallen con-
siderably. The province not yet recovered from the
effects of the typhoon of 1905.
Surigao Estimated production, 100,000 piculs.
Copra and cocoanuts.
Albay Shipments of copra do not exceed 20,000 piculs a year.
Fresh cocoanuts sold in the local markets at 8 cen-
tavos each, the highest retail price paid anywhere.
Antique Production of copra larger than last year.
Bohol Noteworthy improvement in trees noticed recently.
Capiz The number of cocoanut plantations increasing from
year to year.
Cavite Copra and cocoanuts produced in the southern part of
the province.
I^ I^guna 100,500,000 nuts gathered, 63 per cent of which made
into copra. Average price of fresh nuts from f*25 to
P30 a thousand.
Mindoro 21S piculs of copra and 345,714 nuts last year's yield.
Misamis 74,423 piculs of copra, worth 1*595,384, shipped from
province. l/ocusts destroyed the product of 70,800
trees. Total number of cocoanut trees in the province
1,587,682, of which 830,441 are in full bearing.
Oriental Xegros 17,236 piculs of copra the year's yield.
Palawan Shipments of copra this year larger than ever .before.
About 100,000 cocoanut plants set out this year.
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 185
Pangasinan The number of cocoanut trees increased considerably.
Romblon 24,864 piculs of copra produced.
Samar Larger shipments of copra made this year than at any
time since American occupation.
Surlgao Shipments amounted to some 12,000 piculs. Estimated
that a like amount was used for local consumption.
Tobacco.
Abra Estimated production during the fiscal year 4,000
quintals, a decrease of 33 per cent.
Cagayan Small harvest this year. Much discouragement felt
among planters on account of the low prices and slack
demand in Manila market.
Ilocos Norte Production of tobacco fell off on account of excessive
rainfall.
Iloilo Considerable decrease in production.
La Union Production 42,000 quintals. Next crop promises to be
largest in four years.
I^panto-Bontoc Tobacco cultivated for local use only.
Misamis Small tobacco plantations in many of the pueblos.
Some of the tobacco raised of excellent quality, but
the product insignificant.
Nueva Ecija Larger harvest than last year; cultivation incroasing.
Oriental Negros Amount produced, 40,100 hands.
Pangaslnan Production Increased 20 to 25 per cent over last year.
Romblon Production 2,157 piculs.
Surlgao Small quantity producefl.
Sugar,
Abra 1,500 piculs produced, an Increase of 50 per cent over
last year.
Antique 35,000 piculs produced.
Bataan The crop one-third the normal production.
Batangas Production increased over last year.
Bulacan No Improvement in production, owing to lack of capital
and markets.
Caplz Sugar cane extensively cultivated, but planters dis-
couraged on account of low prices.
Iloilo Production 200,000 piculs.
La Laguna Ordinary crop. Considerable stock from last year still
held over on account of low prices.
La Union Production not Improved either In quality or quantity,
owing to low prices.
Lepanto-Bontoc Raised for local use only.
Misamis Product insignificant.
Oriental Negros Production 45,000 piculs.
Pampanga Crop a failure.
Pangaslnan Production Increased from 20 to 25 per cent over last year.
Surigao Small quantities produced.
Zambales Increase In production over last year.
Note. — The governor of the province of Occidental Negros, probably the
largest sugar-producing province In the Islands, gives no statistics as to the
amount of sugar produced or acreage under cultivation, but simply confines his
remarks to a pessimistic view of prevailing conditions in his province and to the
reiteration of recommendations that already have been the subject of study on
the part of the Commission and of Congress.
186 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Maguey and sisaL
Abra Bstimated increase of 25 per cent in maguey planta-
tions.
Cagayan General entliusiasm shown in planting maguey, and pro-
duction increasing.
Capiz A few small tracts of maguey planted.
I locos Norte Notable increase in the cultivation of maguey and
20,000.000 plants set out during the fiscal year.
Ilocos Sur Considerabe development in the maguey industry; pro-
duction will be doubled in three years.
La Union Few maguey plants set out; but 8,000 of Hawaiian sisal
planted.
Misamls A few maguey seedlings set out and growing well.
Pangasinan Planting of niaguoy largely increased.
Zambales Increased production of maguey.
Com.
Abra Production was 17,000 uyenes, of 1,000 ears each, an
Increase of 33 per cent.
Antique Almost the entire crop destroyed by locusts.
Batangas Increased production.
Bohol Very little cultivated.
Cagayan Increased production.
Iloilo Production almost nil.
La Laguna Production, 30,000 cavans, an increase of 5,000 cavans
over last year.
Mindoro L Production, 2,030 cavans.
Misamls Production, 74,300 cavans. Loss caused by locusts
36,700 cavans.
Oriental Negros Production, 227,114 cavans.
Samar Com raised only for local consumption.
Surigao Small quantities produced.
Zambales Increased production.
Coffee and cacao.
Abra Production of cacao, 30 cavans.
Batangas Coffee plantations being displaced by hemp, which has
been found to be a more profitable crop.
Cavlte Coffee and cacao grown in the southern part of the
province.
Lepanto-Bontoc Considerable coffee grown, but crop this year short.
Mindoro Production of cacao, 28 cavans and 5 gantas.
Misamls Cacao raised in nmall quantities for local consumption.
Cofift^ of sui)erior quality grown in the hills by non-
Christian tribes, who sell it to merchants in the coast
• towns.
Nueva Vlzcaya Cofifee and cacao grown and marketed mostly In the
province of Isabela.
Surigao Cacao produced in small quantities.
Cotton.
Oriental Negros Production amounted to 2,160 piculs.
Oranges.
Batangas Small Increase over last year's production.
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 187
Garden truck and fruit,
Benguet Irish potatoes, com, squash, cantaloupes, celery, pars-
nips, tomatoes, etc., grown and sold by natives,
equal in size and flavor to those grown by the most
careful gardener under the most promising conditions
in the United States.
Cavite Yams, peanuts, melons, tomatoes, etc., largely culti-
. vated; mangos and other native fruits also produced
on a large scale. Crops 50 per cent larger than last
year.
Misamis Dananas, mangos, and lanzones, grown on a large scale.
Nueva Vizcaya Potatoes and other vegetables grown in this province
and marketed in Isabela.
Live stock,
Abra Live stock the chief source of wealth; 3,295 certifi-
cates of transfer issued for live stock valued at
W67,140 during the year.
Benguet—.. Head of cattle registered during the year, 15,775, an
increase of 50 per cent over last year. Natives of
Benguet have also 10,144 pigs, 1,617 goats, 431 sheep,
2,500 native ponies, and 3,500 carabao.
Capiz Herds of carabao shipped in from other provinces, and
number multiplying yearly.
Lepanto-Bontoc Cattle raising, an industry bringing into the province
from «0,000 to nOO,000 annually, constantly
growing.
Nueva Ecija Considerably larger number of carabao now than last
year, owing principally to purchases made from the
Ilocano provinces.
Palawan Cattle and carabao a profitable export of the island to
the Iloilo market.
DISEASES OF ANIMA.LS AND AOBICULTUBAL PESTS.
Surra and Hnderpest,
Ambos Camarines Rinderpest and other diseases of an unknown character
have attacked carabao.
Amburayan Many carabao have died, the disease probably coming
from the coast.
Antique Rinderpest and foot and mouth disease killed off 80
carabao and 100 neat cattle.
Bohol At Ubay and Sierra-Bulloues 00 per cent of th^ horses
died of surra. At present prevalent In 7 pueblos, and
steps were taken to kill off animals affected.
Bulacan Rlnderi)e8t api)eared In several municipalities, causing
great ravages among draft animals.
Cavite Many draft animals dieii of rinderpest.
Ilocos Sur -Jtllnderpest appeared in some of the pueblos of the prov-
ince, but did not last long.
Isabela J)urlng months of March and April, 1907, an epidemic
disease appeared in 5 municipalities and caused rav-
ages among horses and carabao. It was completely
eradicated.
La Union Blnderpest carried off 250 carabao. Among horses 80
were attacked with surra of a malignant character.
Mlsamls Incomplete returns show that 200 carabao and 30 neat
cattle died of rinderpest, and that 400 horses died of
surra.
188 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Occidental Negro8__^__ Rinderpest continues to destroy cattle, though not gen-
erally prevalent throughout the provinces.
Oriental Negros ^.Diseases of cattle and of fowls prevalent.
Pampanga A.mong horses 13 died of glanders and 10 of surra; 573
carabao and 29 neat cattle died of rinderpest.
Pangasinan High mortality among draft animals continues.
Nueva Ecija z\mong carabao 249 died of rinderpest, 10 of foot and
mouth disease; 18 horses died of glanders and 2 of
surra. Disease carried off also 1,133 pigs, and 4,026
domestic fowls of various kinds.
Zambales Rinderpest and horse diseases have played great havoc
with live stock : 343 horses, 177 carabao, and 38 neat
cattle were carried off by disease. The 2 latter, how-
ever, have increased 25 per cent.
Locusts and other agricultural pests.
Abra A worm known as russot caused much damage to cacao
plants.
Bataan A.n insect called accip did considerable damage to rice
fields.
Batangas Small numbers of locusts appeared in a few barrios.
Antique Locusts appeared in nearly all of the pueblos: amount
exterminated, about 10,000 cavans.
Misamis Locusts are a constant scourge; 2,259 cavans destroyed
during the year.
Occidental Negros Locusts a veritable i)est, destroying large quantities of
rice, corn, sugar cane, etc.
Oriental Negros During the year 42,080 cavans of locusts were destroyed.
Romblon Locusts appeared in some municipalities, and a worm
called tagosto did considerable damage to rice fields.
Samar Ix)cu8ts did some damage in 3 or 4 municipalities.
Sorsogon Locusts especially bad in Masbate.
As regards the amount and value of crops in the province of Tarlac the
governor rejwrts that ** the increase of this year's pnxiuction over last is esti-
mated at forty per cent " and gives no other definite data.
The foregoing resume contains practically every definite statement contained
in the provincial governors' reiwrts with regard to agricultural and kindred
subjects. > Many of the governors complain that the Inaction of the govern-
ment as to the establishment of agricultural banks, which will lend money at
low rates of Interest to the farmers and planters, and thus enable them to
purchase live stock, modem machinery, and implements, and other elements
necessary for the restoration of agriculture to its normal condition in these
Islands, is responsible for the agricultural depression felt in many districts
throughout the Islands. Unseasonable rains and abnormal weather conditions
are mentioned as the causes resulting In decreased production and failure of
crops in other districts. But general conditions seem to have improved and the
prospect is that they will continue to do so, though slowly.
BEPOBT OP THE EXECUTIVE SECRETABY. 189
PUBLIC OBDKR.
The following remarks culled from the reports are indicative of the condi-
tions of peace and good order which prevailed throughout the archipelago dur-
ing the period reviewed :
Albay Undl8turbe<l tranquillity, even the usual misdemeanors
having been few in number.
Abra Absolute peace and tranquillity.
Antique Conditions as to peace and good order enviable. Dis-
sensions arising from religious differences entirely
disiippeared. Absolutely all of our most intelligent
and capable men in favor of the i>olitical creed of the
conservative party, and only a few advocate imme-
diate indeiiendence.
Bataan . Peace and good order of the province broken only by
the escape of the provincial prisoners effected with
the aid of a constabulary soldier on April 12, 1907.
All of these fugitives not killed or recaptured left
the province by the following month.
Batangas Only disturbance of the public peace in the province
caused by the operations of 6 or 7 brigands near
the boundary lines of the provinces of Laguna, Batan-
gas, and Tayabas, whose victims were chiefly la-
borers going from one province to another in search
of work. All of them captured, except 2 for whom
rewards were offered.
Bohol \s the threatened appearance of Pulahanism was pre-
vented by the capture of its leaders, peace and good
order not disturbed in any manner worthy of mention.
Bulacan Invariable peace prevailed and no armed bands in
the province. Number of carabao thefts diminished.
Cagayan People have conducted themselves as good citizens, in a
peaceable and orderly manner. Cattle stealing de-
creased very considerably.
Ambos Camarines General conditions as regards peace and order goQd; of
the 2 brigand chiefs formerly operating on the provin-
cial borders, 1 killed by the constabulary and capture
of other soon expected.
Capiz Tranquillity throughout the province except at Tupas,
where brigands and cattle thieves carried on their
nefarious work after the constabulary post was re-
moved from there. Cattle stealing and brigandage
still carried on near the borders of the province of
Iloilo.
Iloilo Conditions as regards public order very satisfactory.
decrease in the number of assaults and robberies very
marked. Brigandage as good as exterminated : some
bands which appeared in the municipalities dispersed
by the constabulary.
Ilocos Norte In July, 190G, a plot to organize an armed uprising
against the constituted authorities, which extended
to nearly all the municipalities of the province dis-
covered, with the result that the plotters and their
accomplices, pai^ers, arms, and ammunition were
captured. No person of social or political prominence
imi)licated. In every other resi)ect good order pre-
vailed.
Ilocos Sur Complete tranquillity throughout the province.
Isabella Only 7 i)risoners in the provincial jail; peace and good
order prevailed.
La Laguna Good order and tranquillity daily becoming more as-
sured.
La Union Relative tranquillity and general good order.
Misamis Only 1 outlaw at large and believed that he has gone to
another province.
190 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Lepanto-Bontoc People of Bontoc constantly growing more friendly to
the government; but 1 town to be won over. Peace
and good order the rule among these primitive people.
Nueva Ecija No disturbances or disorders to deplore. A band of
ladrones operated during the months of May and
June, but the capture of their leader, Nicholas Gutier-
rez, has put a stop to their robberies. Thefts of
carabaos decreased.
Occidental Negros Complete peace and tranquillity with the exception of
the disturbance of the peace caused by the depreda-
tions of Babaylanes.
Oriental Negros Condition of complete tranquillity and peace.
Pangaslnan Peace, good order, and tranquillity not been disturbed,
in spite of the intolerance of certain ministers of
religion and leaders of political parties.
Pampanga Complete tranquillity.
Rlzal Conditions as to peace and good order excellent, and a
decrease in the number of crimes committed, but
an attempt to revive the Katipunan Society, as is set
forth in the report, might have led to the disturbance
of the peace and good order.
Romblon No disturbances in the province.
Samar Conditions steadily Improving.
Borsogon Profoimd peace throughout the province; but some fear
that public order may be disturbed In Masbate as
the result of the total destruction of rice and com
crops by locusts.
Surigao Condition one of enviable peace and tranquillity.
Tarlac Tranquillity supreme.
Zambales .The governor proudly states that his province " has the
distinction of being the quietest province in the archi-
pelago."
The governor of Isabela says that "there are many Immigrants Into the
subprovlnce of Apayao, who are kept In life servitude by natives of that sub-
province because of an Insignificant debt, or of the death of an animal in their
charge* though such death was due to rinderpest. Such debts are even
passed on to their children." The governor of Palawan In his report, also
touches upon a similar evil practice in his province In referring to peonage.
It win be seen that quiet and good order have been almost uninterrupted
in the great majority of the provinces; that there have been no serious out-
breaks of lawlessness, and that the roving predatory bands that heretofore
Infested certain parts of the Islands have either been entirely exterminated
or reduced to 1 or 2 small groups of outlaws devoting themselves to pillage
and robbery, and having little or no Influence with the people In whose territory
they carry on their nefarious work.
It is exceedingly satisfactory to note that there is not one single complaint
or criticism of the constabulary In any of these reports, and It Is beyond ques-
tion that this body of men devoted to the maintenance of order have the
sympathy and supiwrt of the great mass of the i)eople in every province.
The relations between the provincial and the municipal authorities are every-
where reported as harmonious and as working together for the common good.
. PUBLIC HEALTU AND SANITATION.
/
The following remarks and statistics of deaths from various diseases show
that there were few epidemics causing a high mortality and that there has
been a considerable Improvement In the public health.
Malarial fvvers.
Albay Malarial fevers prevalent In some municipalities and
at Camp Daraga In a mild form.
Anibos Camarines From malarial fevers, 1,403 deaths.
Antique From the same cause, 031 deaths.
BEPOBT OP THE EXECUTIVE SECRETABY. 19 1
Gagayan Malarial fever almost epidemic in the province. No
contagious disease such as cholera or smallpox re-
ported; average death rate between 24 and 25 per
thousand.
Nueva Eclja From malarial fever, 493 deaths.
Smallpox,
Abra Prom smallpox, 121 deaths.
Ambos Camarlnes Prom this cause, 80 deaths.
Ilocos Sur Few cases of mild character at Bangued.
La Union Pew cases of a mild character in 3 municipalities; few
deaths.
Lepantd-Bontoc From smallpox, 90 deaths.
Nueva BScija Only 4 deaths from smallpox, as against 229 last year.
Oriental Negros Few cases of varioloid.
Cholera.
Cavlte One hundred and sixty-four deaths.
Iloilo - 1,407 deaths.
Pampanga 790 deaths.
Tarlac 54 deaths
Nueva Bcija 495 deaths
Samar One epidemic of cholera in the Catubig Valley.
Pulmonary consumption and tubercular diseases.
Antique 368 deaths.
Ambos Camarlnes 321 deaths.
Nueva Eclja 346 deatha
Measles, beri-beri, convulsions in childroi, dysentery, diarrhea, and a few
other diseases are given as the chief causes of death. Leprosy is reported in
4 provinces. The governor of Ilocos Sur says "there is still a considerable
number of lepers in the province, in several of the pueblos. The necessity of
their removal to Cullon is urgent.*' Misamis reports that the number of lepers
at large is a menace to the public health. The people of Mambajao feel grate-
ful to the board of health for the removal of their lepers to Cullon. In Rizal
there are 300 lepers at large, and an urgent request is made for their removal
to the leper colony. In. the province of Nueva Ecija, there are 47 lepers at
large, all of them being cared for by their respective families.
Several of the provincial governors blamed the water supply for the presence
of disease in many pueblos. In Albay the water supply in many towns is
impregnated with substances prejudicial to health. On the other hand, the
sinking of artesian wells In a number of the municipalities in the provinces
of Bulacan and Pampanga has greatly improved the health of the people who
use them as a water supply. Several of the provinces complain that the aboli-
tion of the provincial doctor by act No. 1487 has deprived them of the services
of a physician, as it is practically impossible for the district health officers
to properly attend to their duties over so large and extensive a territory.
The following statistics of the number of persons vaccinated in the provinces
named may be of some interest :
Vaccination.
Ambos Camarlnes, 190,031; Bohol, 129,815; Bulacan, 92,686; La Union,
14,230; Lepanto-Bontoc, "An effort has been made to vaccinate the people in
the subprovlnces of Lepanto and Amburayan;" Pampanga, 109.585; Tarlac,
34,165 ; Pangasinan, district health officer traveling through province making
vaccinations; Nueva Eclja. 32,632; Sorsogon, 111,111.
EDUCATION.
The following information regarding the condition of education is the most
encouraging feature of the reports. It shows that the interest in public in-
struction has suffered no abatement but is making progress in all of the prov-
inces of the islands.
192
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Enrollment and attendance.
Province.
Enroll-
ment.
Attend-
ance.
Average.
Remarks.
Abra _ _
Albay .
Antique
Batangas- __
5,2M
10.342
8.962
9,013
16,000
'_ 2
Attendance ' regular.
Do.
Bulacan
Attendance falling off.
Cagayan..
Attendance increasing.
Oavlte - - „.
Double tbat for 1906.
IloIJo '. .„_
16,02'»
IIocos Norte
11,3;>2
15, 76 J
3,704
9,104
12.973
Ilocoa Sur
l8al>ela
La Laguna
-.-
10.000
to
I 12,000
6,811
1,249
7,436
9,584
25,52iJ
La Union
Ji^piuito-Bontoo. , •
Mlsamls —
NuevaEcIJa
Kueva Vizcaya
5,714
12,582
1,960
13.160
"~39^46'
9,550
6,651
Oriental Negros _ _
Pampanga
Pangafilnan _
Sorsogon-
Surlgao _
Tartac
5^077"
10.633
Average dafly.
Opened with 6,642; dosed
with 13.360.
Private achools.
The following is a list of private schools established in the provinces to
which reference has been made in the reports reviewed, and which includes
jiarochial schools: Abra, 10; Albay, many denominations of schools; Bataan,
abundance of private schools; Bulacan, many Catholic schools; Ilocos Sur, 3
colleges; Oriental >Jegros, the well known and worthy " Silllmau Institute;"
Tarlac, private schools in every municipality.
8chooUiou8CS.
The following statistics refer to the number of schoolhonses :
Province.
Number.
Abra
Albny...
Antlqufl.
Bohol__-
Benguet.
Bataan..
Bulacan..
rapiz-.
IloIIo.-
Ilocog Norte.
Ilocos Sur
Isabel a
130 '
180
Lepanto-Bontoc-
Mlsamls
Nucva EcIJa... .
(^)rlental Ncifros..
Paniptinga.
Rl/al
RoinbUm
Samar.
Sorsogon
Surlgao
Tarlac-
Zambales
1»S
m
Remarks.
Paucity of public schoolhouses, mostly rentctl buildings.
A number of Bchoolhous<>8 constructed during the year by the
various pueblos and barrios. The i)rovInco completetl 2 build-
ings and set them aside for secondary Instruction and Indu:-
trial training.
Several school buildings were constructed during the fiscal year,
some of masonry ami luml)cr.
The 7 Municipalities have succeeded in constructing some school-
houses.
Has an industrial school and an agricultural school.
The municipalities rival each other In the construction of school-
houses, there now being 144 municipal an<I 5 provincial.
Many dlstribute<l throughout the province; a provincial high
school has been built.
A number constnictcd nnd repaired.
Has made considerable expenditures in this connection.
Hik'h 'School buildlntf coinjilcted.
Has built a number.
Has several, and liich school now being built.
HIgli school completo<l.
Has built a mo<lem school house and Is erecting others.
EEPORT OF THK EXECUTIVE SECBETARV.
198
Industrial inatmctian.
As may be seen from the following, Industrial education is making great
progress in nearly every province in the archipelago :
Albay Industrial instruction has been tended with consider-
able progress.
Batangas The secretary of public instruction has granted the sum
of ^8,000 for the construction of an industrial school
building.
Benguet A course in manual training is maintained in the cen-
tral school. Weaving, housekeeping, etc., are also
taught in the other schools.
Bulacan Will soon have a school of arts and trades.
Capiz Has an industrial and an agricultural school.
Cavite Has an agricultural school.
Ilocos Norte An agricultural school and classes in domestic science
and carpentry.
Ilocos Sur Two schools of arts and trades.
Iloilo Schools of arts and trades giving best results.
La I^guna Is building an industrial school as well as a high school.
La Union Is building a school of arts and trades.
Lepanto-Bontoc Has an industrial school.
Mindoro— An industrial school.
Nueva £k:ija . The industrial work of the pupils is particularly credit-
able.
Occidental Negros A school of arts and trades.
Palawan Two industrial schools and 2 agricultural schools.
Pamtmnga Vgrlcultural and Industrial schools.
Rlzal Vn industrial and a domestic science school, and several
schools of arts and trades are being built. Will soon
have also a school of agriculture.
Samar Erecting a trades school.
Surlgao School of arts and trades completed.
Tarlac Has a school of carpentry.
Zambales Equipped with a school for domestic science, new Imple-
ments for agriculture and tools for carpentering.
Teachers,
The number of teachers* Insular and municipal, reported by the provincial
governors. Is given In the list below :
Abra -
Aatique
Ben^et
Bataagas 1
Caplz
Hollo -..
Ilocos Norte
riocos Sur"
Isabela
La Union
Lepanto-Bontoc ''.
iDsuIar. I Municipal.
• 32 special Insular teachers.
* 87 teacbers.
85
6
161
168
813
226
Misamis ''
Nueva Ecija
Nueva VIzcaya— .
Oriental Negros.
Pampanga
Pangaslnan *
198 'I Rteal-
Samar •_
Surlgao..
Tarlac—
Insular. Municipal.
• 124 apprentices.
27
12
10
3J)
87 '
27 I
38
19 I
a) .
<* 51 aspirants.
d 61 assistants unpaid.
84
136
36
128
207
431
142
171
97
112
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITION.
• As regards economic conditions of the provinces only two governors report
them as good, the balance either qualify them as deplorable or only fair and ini
proving. However, the finances of nearly all of the provinces are In a good
condition, and they have been able to cover i)ermanent expenses without the
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 13
194 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
necessity of loans. The general economic conditions of the different provinces
are given in the following list:
Abra Fair and improving.
Albay Not good.
Bohol Not satisfactorj', some improvement noted.
Benguet Prosperous.
Batangas Has improved.
Cagayan Precarious.
Bataan On down grade.
Bulacan Comparatively satisfactory.
Capiz Gradual ijf^.improving.
Oavite Nothing Ti' favor of, except may Improve in course of
next^^ree years; income of province moderately
incren^sM.
Ilocos Norte (ieneral j6rosi)erity.
Ilocos Sur Very fairl
Isabela Deplott1f)l6' on account of floods; financial condition fair.
La Laguna Fair, improving.
La Union Oood.''^^^^'''
Lepanto-Bontoc Not stfir-ibpiKirting, conditions improving.
Mindoro 1)61 "^r
Calapan ProsiiJ^bfiii^*
Misamis _ Not good.'^'due to drought of 1906; financial condition a
little more prosperous.
Nueva Ecija Fair. Best since American occupation, prospects bright.
Nueva Vizcaya Not self-supi)orting, destructive storm worked much
havoc.
Occidental Negros Rather severe economic depression.
Oriental Negros Flattering and constantly improving.
Palawan Not self-supporting, fairly prosperous,
Pampanga .Not very brilliant, but somewhat improved.
Pangasinan Comparative prosperity, improving.
Rizal Though not altogether prosperous, able to defray cur-
rent expenses.
Romblon Not good.
Samar Much improved.
Sorsogon Financial condition deplorable, economic condition im-
proving.
Surigao Sufliciently satisfactory.
Tarlac Fair, improving.
Zambales A poor province, but no indebtedness and able to sup-
port itself.
The following list shows the condition as regards payment of taxes in the
provinces where the governors have touched upon this subject in their rei>orts :
Payment of taxes,
Abra Regularity in the payment of.
Bohol Payment and collection of taxes regular.
Bataan On down grade.
Bulacan Comparatively satisfactory.
La Union Ten per cent delinquent In cedulas and land tax.
Pampanga Satisfactory results in collection of delinquent land tax.
Tarlac Larger and better than last year.
In the matter of loans the following information hns been culled from the
reports :
Loans,
Albay Reduced to f*60,000. lioan for purpose of constructing
provincial building and Jail.
Batangas Relieved from, for educational puri)oses.
Bataan .^5,000.
Ilocos Norte No outstanding lnde!>tedness or obligation.
Ilocos Sur No obligations.
La Union Debt of ?37,000 transferred to school fund.
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 195
Nueva Ecija A debt of ¥^2,196.50 which It hoiies will be cancelled
by the Commission, as in other provinces.
Pangaslnan I^an of ^165,000 requested for construction of three
bridges.
The provincial governor of Albay states that wages are high and that there
is much demand for labor; also that there is a scarcity of hard cash in the
province. The governor of Capiz also states that there is but little money in
circulation and that the rates of interest are high. In Palawan it Is reported
that employment can easily be had In the timber industry. Employment and
sure wages can be obtained also in railroad and public works in the province of
Pampanga. The governor of Ilocos Norte states that there are large sums of
money in circulation.
NONCHBISTIAN TRIBES.
The following interesting Information reflects the progress that was made
during the fiscal year in the work of civilizing the non-Christian tribes scat-
tered throughout the archipelago:
Organization,
Abra Organized in accordance with act 1397 — 8 townships,
72 districts or barrios, 9,225 people. Fourteen settle-
ments in Abra — inhabitants, 5,912; 55 settlements in
Ilocos Sur — inhabitants, 7,456. Total, 69 settlements;
inhabitants, 13,368.
Antique One additional settlement organized.
Benguet The natives of Benguet are prosperous; their wealth
consists of animals, rice fields and agricultural lands.
They have 5 claims for about 1,200 parcels of land, for
free titles under the provisions of chapter 4 of the
land act. They have 4 schools, for boys and for girls.
The demand for labor exceeds the supply. The Igor-
rotes have the privilege of enlisting in the constab-
ulary and have their own police. They have been
granted the privilege of making claims for lands, and
for the first time in their history Igorrot'es now have
titles to their homes.
Bataan The Negritos, or Aetas, the only non-Christian tribe
of this province, are now living in settlements. They
are as a rule inoffensive, good natured, and submissive,
but utterly refractory to social and cultured life in
the settlements.
Bulacan Two small settlements of Aetas. Many live in the
mountains, unorganized, without fixed homes.
Capiz The tribes which i)opulate the mountains are united in
various settlements. They are willing to live in
settled communities.
Ilocos Norte Twelve settlements organized under act 1397, and there
is a desire for civilization.
Ilocos Sur The conditions as to non-Christian tribes in this prov-
ince a re. described in the report of the lieutenant-
governor of the subprovince of Abra, to which refer-
ence is made above.
Lepanto-Bontoc There has been a remarkable improvement in the con-
ditions as regards the non-Christian Inhabitants. None
of the towns of Bontoc subprovince are now actually
hostile to each other. The attitude of these people
is increasingly friendly toward the Government.
Schools for Igorrote children are maintained in nearly
all the organized townships of the province.
Mlndoro Several small settlements started on the west coast,
and great improvements made in the older settlements.
The Magyans or Batanganes by far the most pros-
perous people in Mlndoro. They have little farms,
good cogon grass houses, pa lay, cotton, tobacco, pine-
apples, bananas, pigs, chickens, and dogs. Numerous
traps or dams in every stream for catching fish.
Very timid and run away on the approach of a white
man.
196 REPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Misamis Mountains inhabited by non-Christian tribes known as
Bukldnon, Manobo, and Siiban-on or Subanos. The
Bukidnon are docile, submissive, and intelllf^ent A
large portion of the latter already have notions of
civilization. The Manobo have no organization and
are most savage of all. The Suban-on are also of a
docile nature, but less advanced than the Bukidnon.
There are many settlements organized under act 1397.
The Suban-on have just organized 5 settlements and
will organize others,
Nueva Vizeaya Population now known to be considerably over 46,000 —
the census figures — which were only an estimate.
Old feuds have been settled and the Igorrotes now
travel about freely and confidently. A great majority
have paid their cedula tax and have faith and trust
in the government. They are improving very rapidly
and will one day be very prosperous. They are clear-
ing land rapidly and planting a great deal of coffee,
as well as vegetables.
Nueva Ecija There are settlements of Tinguianes, Ibilaos, and Ilon-
gots. The social condition of the Tinguianes in the set-
tlements is highly progressive. The children punctu-
ally attend the schools and a very pronounced desire
to study is observed. A great number have been con-
verted to Christianity. Their character is submissive
and they recognize and respect the orders of their
officials. They engage exclusively in agriculture.
Occidental Negros The hillmen, who are, in the majority, peaceable and
roam about our mountains in small tribes, are con-
stantly diminishing, due to the forces of civilization.
They are little by little taking up the civil and politi-
cal duties. Voluntary police comi)osed entirely of
these tribesmen, have been organized. It is estimated
that there are from 13,000 to 1,8,000 hill men.
Palawan Conditions among the Mphammedan and Pagan tribes
practically the same as last year. The rice crop was
good among the Tagbanuas and Pala wanes. They
have followed their ordinary vocations of raising
palay and gathering almaclga (mastic gum) and
bejuco (rattan).
Pangasinan Two townships have been organized under act 1397.
Great efforts have been made to awaken a love for a
higher degree of civilization. There are still 5 un-
organized settlements.
Sorsogon \ settlement of Aetas, consisting of over 100, was formed
in the mountains near Prieto-Diaz. Most of them
have since scattered.
Surigao In the interior of the province there are Manoboa and
Mamanuas; their number is unknown. The Manobos
recognize as their chief one of their number, who
excels in bad conduct and misdeeds. The Manobos
cultivate fields, raise pigs and chickens, and engage
in hunting wild boars. They are loyal. The Mama-
nuas wander about in the forests, do not work, and
are thieves ; they are indolent and disloyal.
Tarlac The Aetas or Negritos who inhabit the mountains of
this province have been given a special municipal
organization. They have their own officers, dress like
the civilized inhabitants, and are anxious to have
schools and teachers.
Zambales__ _ There are many settlements of Negritos. There is a
considerable tendency among them toward assimila-
tion and cohesion. One school has been built, and
there is a great deal of enthusiasm for Instruction
among these black people. They are well disposed
toward the government and travelers, whom they
treat with respect and hospitality.
BEPOBT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECEETARY. . , 197
Schools.
Abra Thirty-three schools — 2,000 pupila Agricultural school
in township of Lagangibang. Tinguianes show much
Interest in instruction.
Antique No schools as yet. Tribes baclcward: only a few of the
youths can read. None of them own real estate, al-
though some have abac& plantations on government
land.
•Ilocos Norte Three schoolhouses built by the settlements, and it is
reported that teachers have been appointed thereto.
Fund.
Antique Balance this year, ?^7.18. Revenues estimated at not
less than WOO per annum.
Ilocos Norte Balance, ^80.12.
Misamis ^5,467.50.
Occidental Negros f^l,(>84.10.
CHANGES IN THE CONSULAR COBPS.
The consular representatives of foreign nations at Manila, Hollo, and Cebu
number 33, of whom 14 are consuls de carriere.
During the time covereil by this report the changes in the personnel of the
cori)S have been the following: Dr. Franz Gruenenwald resumed charge of the
aftairs of the Austrian-Hungarian consulate on January 23, 1907, as acting
consul.
Hon. Peter Krafft presented his exequatur and was recognized as consul of
Austria-Hungary on March 16, 1907.
Mr. Adolph Determann was recognized on May 27, 1907, as acting consul for
Austria-Hungary during the absence of the Austrian-Hungarian consul in
Europe.
Hon. J. N. Sidebottom, proconsul for Great Britain, assumed charge of the
affairs of the consulate of Denmark, March 16, 1907, i)ending the arrival of
the Hon. Francis Stuart Jones.
Information by cable was received from Washington on May 18, 1907, to the
effect that Francis Stuart Jones had been recognized as temporary acting
consul of Denmark. He assumed charge of the affairs of the consulate of
Denmark May 15, 1907.
Hon. R. E. Barretto, consul of Ecuador, advised that the consulate of Ecuador
at Manila had been abolished February 27, 1907.
Dr. Franz Gruenenwald resumed charge of the affairs of the German con-
sulate January 23, 1907.
Hon. F. Keyes resumed charge of tlie affairs of the Italian consulate January
24, 1907.
Hon. Shosuke Akatsuka was recognized as consul for Japan December 3,
1906. He presented his exequatur January 29. lfX)7.
Hon. Federico CJorrea was recognized as acting consul for Mexico December
24, 1906.
Hon. Jos6 Kosales resumed charge of the affairs of the Mexican consulate
May 8, 1907.
Hon. A. C. Crebas was recognized as acting consul for the Netherlands, dur-
ing the absence of the consul, August 20, 1906.
Hon. Richard Toovey was recognized as acting consul of Norway and of
Sweden November 23, 11X)6, during the absence of Hon. Walter G. Stevenson.
Hon. Walter G. Stevenson resumed charge of the affairs of the consulates of
Norway and of Sweden June 4, 1907.
Hon. Arturo Baldasano y Topete was recognized as consul-general for
Spain May 15, 1907.
Information was received by cable from Washington on June 8, 1907, that
Sefior Don Adelardo Fernando Arias had been recognized as vice-consul for
Spain. He arrived with the consul-general and is now discharging the duties
of his office.
Hon. Jobs. Preisig, vice-consul of Switzerland, assumed charge of the affairs
of the consulate May 11, 1007. during the absence of the consul.
Hon. Charles Augustin Fulcher assumed charge of the affairs of the British
vice-consulate at Cebu July 12, 1906.
198 • BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Hon. John Brown assumed charge of the affairs of the British vice-consulate
at Iloilo July 12, 1906.
Information by cable from Washington was received April 24, 1907, to the
effect that Hon. John Talbot Knowles had been recognized as British vice-consul
at Iloilo. He assumed charge of the affairs of the vice-consulate Februarv 23,
1907.
Sefior Jos^ Heguera was recognized as Spanish consul September 17, 190G,
at Iloilo, but was advised that formal recognition thereof would have to be
made by the Department of State at Washington.
Information was received by cable from Washington March 28, 1907, to the
effect that Sefior Hilari6n Gonzales del Castillo had been recognized as Spanish
consul at Iloilo.
Appended hereto, marked " Exhibit O," <» is a list of the consular representa-
tives in the Philippine Islands, with their office addresses.
FIBE LOSSES IN AND OUTSIDE OF MANILA.
In speaking of the 3 great causes which have prevented the rapid advance
of the Filipino people along material paths, a prominent ex-insurgent general,
now engaged profitably in industrial pursuits, once remarked that fire losses
were the first and greatest of them, because the severest material losses were
due to them.^
Summarizing, the total money loss in both Manila and the provinces for the
period from August 0, 1901. down to June 30, 1907, amounted to 1^,503,436.65,
Manila's loss representing about one-third of this amount.
It is gratifying to note that the Commission has recently enacted a measure
(act No. 1733) providing for the organization of a fire department In each
municipality not having a paid fire department, to be composed of the police
force of such municipality and such volunteers as may desire to enlist, and for
the drilling of the members of such fire department at least once in each
week, and requiring each municiiMility to furnish 24 fire buckets, 12 ladders
of suitable lengths, 24 bolos, 12 axes, and 1 two-man crosscut saw, and such
additional apparatus as may l>e found necessary. As an incentive to all able-
bodied males In the municipality to join the volunteer fire force. It is pro-
vided that any volunteer fireman who has attended 75 i)er cent of all drills
and fires during the year, and has drilled at least one hour at each drill
attended, shall be furnished a certificate to that effect, which, ui)on presenta-
tion to the provincial treasurer or his deputy in the municipality, shall entitle
the i)erson named therein to a refund of the amount paid by him as cedula tax
for that year. It is hoiked that self-interest, always so strong In the human
breast, will succeed in creating under this act an eflicient fire department In
each municipality. Were the Congress of the United States to remove the duty
on galvanized iron, it is undoubted that the increased use of such iron for
roofing purposes in these islands, coupled with an efficient fire-fighting force,
would do much to prevent destructive and disastrous fires such as have oc-
curred in the past.
LIBRARY OF CONQREBSIONAL AND OTHER DOCUMENTS.
During the fiscal year there have been added to the library of Congressional
documents and publications of foreign governments and to the library of the
executive bureau about 3,0(X) volumes. These libraries now contain about
10,000 printed volumes and pamphlets.
CONCLUSION.
The progress of the Filipino members of the force during the year has been
most satisfactory. Of the 118 Filii)lno clerks and messengers, 80 have a work-
ing knowledge of English, and of the 43 American employees, 20 have the same
knowlege of Spanish.
« This list has been omitted and Is on file In the Bureau of Insular Affairs,
War Department.
^ Statistics as to fires have been omitted and are on file in the Bureau of In-
sular Affairs, War Department.
BEPOBT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECBETABY.
199
The fact, noted elsewhere, that every official of the bureau and each chief
of division, except one, possess a comprehensive knowledge of both the English
and Spanish languages, and daily conducts business with the public personally
in these two tongues, is more important than would seem at first blush, in that
it saves thousands of dollars a year to the government by rendering unnecessary
the time consuming use of interpreters and expense creating translation of
the great bulk of the correspondence of the "bureau.
Respectfully submitted.
A, W. Febousson,
Executive Secretary.
The Govebnob-General, Manila, P, I,
Exhibit A."
CASES AGAINST PBOVIKCIAL AND XTFNICIFAL OFFICIALS.
[Tabulated statement of detailed information.]
Exhibit B.«
CASES AGAINST PROVINCIAL AND KinflCIFAL OFFICIALS.
[Charges upbn which the cases were based and the decisions therein.]
Exhibit C.
APPOINTMENTS AND CHANGES IN SEBTICE.
Insular officers, IndudiDg Judges..
Provincial officers. - 84
Municipal officers — _
City of Manila. — - U
Justices of the peace. _ _ 2.i4
Auxiliary Justices of the peace-
Total.
259
8t
193
157
75
1
60
76
Note. — The appointments include those made by the governor-general with the advice
and consent of the Philippine Con^mlssion. Designations Include only those made by the
governor-general alone.
Municipal officers are elected or appointed In accordance with the municipal code and
the election law. They are removed by the governor-general only for cause, under the
provisions of act No. 314.
« Exhibits A and B have been omitted from this report and are on file in the
Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
200 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Exhibit D.
PILI7IN0S AND AMERICANS IN PROVINCIAL OFFICES.
Provincial officers.
Governors _*.
Lleutenaat-ffovernors
Secretaries
8ecretary-treast:.crs._-
Treasurers _
Supervisors _
Supervisor-treasurers _
FIscals -
Third members of provincial boards.
Begisters of deeds
Filipi-
nos.
Ameri-
cans.
30
25
27 I
Total.
6
2
3
34
2
1
26
27
7
Total.
93 1
Provinces organised under act No. H3-
Provinces organized otherwise
Total number of provinces.
6
38
PERCENTAGE OP TOTAL.
Filipinos 65. 75
Americans 34. 26
Exhibit E.
FILIPINOS AND AMERICANS IN KI7NIGIPAL OFFICES.
Municipal and township officers.
Presidents _ ■—
President-secretaries _ _
Vice-presidents _
VIcc-prcsldcQts-trcaaurer.s-.-
Secretaries—
Treasurers —
Secretary-treasurers. _
Councillors.- -
Justices of the peace.. - —
Auxiliary justices of the potuo.—
Notaries public (appointed by the courts and including Manila).
Total.
Filipi-
nos.
678
5
088
3
616
619
69
6,472
695
!m
1,000
11,350
Amerl- | Total,
cans. I ^"''»*'
8
1
]
6S6
6
689
3
1
1
617
620
00
5
18
6,477
608
599
58
1.004
88
11.438
Municipalities 627
Townships 65
Settlements 188
Total , 880
PEItCENTAUK OF TOTAL.
Filipinos 99.23
Americans . 77
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETABY.
Ej^hibit F.
BBOIBTAAnON FOB KUinCIPAL XLEOTIOVB.
201
Province.
Albay
Am bos Camarines. .
Antique
Bataaa
Batanga5<
Bohol
Bulacan
Cagayana
Capizfe
Cavite
Cebu
Uocoa Norte
Ilocos 8ur
noilo
laabela
La Laruna
La Union
Leyteo
Mi^mis
NuevaEciJa
Occiden ta f Negros . ,
Oriental Negros...
Pampanga
Pangasinan
Rizal
Romblonb ,
Samar ,
Sorsogon c
Surigaoa
Tarlac
Tayabas
Zambales
Office
qualifi-
cation.
Total
Moro Province .
1,374
2,387
1,338
242
3,128
1.513
1,798
617
2,983
612
3,817
878
843
3,763
146
1,094
995
1.161
312
i,88;i
2,607
645
2,263
2,642
1,497
409
1,649
866
377
969
994
429
Prop-
erty
qualifi-
cation.
2,432
1,286
159
137
259
806
463
1,469
734
370
893
953
2,578
666
584
1,280
3,020
2,129
401
502
252
318
383
3,752
426
422
567
1,662
230
541
2,095
136
45,570 31,286
Educa-
tional
qualifi-
cation.
Office
and
prop-
erty
qualifi-
cations.
913
1,368
364
117
718
927
446
1,992
610
1,616
2, 155
2,222
1,285
2,626
1,221
524
687
1,274
344
£74
2,306
795
465
1,130
466
144
616
835
81
343
466
380
29,479
956
653
186
127
604
154
664
826
347
811
669
271
400
1,009
140
942
333
1,267
266
468
249
344
414
1,227
347
103
364
757
140
313
1,160
161
Office
and
educa-
tional
quali-
fica-
tions.
15, 692
847
424
91
11
175
56
132
376
112
130
448
134
81
7*27
lis
810
41
269
58
83
364
112
148
178
136
12
209
227
23
58
501
80
Prop-
erty
and
educa-
tional
quali-
fica-
tions.
382
396
86
50
175
56
202
457
98
176
357
283
191
412
184
841
202
542
HI
111
318
91
98
537
143
34
212
335
36
126
Office,
prop-
erty,
and
educa-
tional
quali-
fica-
tions.
Persons
qualify-
ing as
elect-
ors.
774 1 1,034
149 I 97
347 I
848
87
83 I
243
40
279
823
132
•181
342
850
163
504
121
535
139
370
62
99
303
105
133
412
100
28
232
189
72
87
6,751
6,802
2,250
717
5,302
8,062
8,974
6,586
4,911
8,436
8.081
4.591
5,541
9,697
2,513
6.026
6,317
7,404
1,554
8,420
6. 29M
2,410
8,904
9.H78
3,105
1. 152
8,849
6,017
1,044
2,437
7,024
1,432
Elect-
ors
actu-
ally
voting.
6,090
6,790
2,168
680
4,490
8,052
8,660
5,331
4,451
8,040
7,883
4,839
6,302
7,825
2,358
3,676
5,008
6,771
1,130
3.257
5.877
2,2M
3.576
9,790
2.723
1,107
3,164
4.641
971
2.386
5,957
1,327
Total civ-
ilized
popula-
tion, cen-
sus of
1908.
6, 170 7, 658
,440 143,965 1131.013
239,434
233. 472
131. 245
45, 166
257, 715
269,228
223.327
142,825
225.092
134,779
653,727
176, 785
211,628
403,932
68,793
148,606
127,789
388,922
135. 473
132.999
303,660
184.889
222, 656
439,135
148. 502
52. 848
265.549
164. 129
99,298
138. 513
201, 936
66.762
6. 623. 804
63, 374
<■ It has been impossible to obtain reports from one municipality In Cagayan, another
In Surlgao, and 3 municipalities in Leyte, but estimates of the total numt)er of persons
?iuallfying and of the total number actually voting have been included above in the totals
or the respective provinces.
* Romblon is now a part of Capiz.
<' One municipality in Sorsogon reported only the total number of persons qualifying
and the total number actually voting, which have been included above in the totals for
said province.
202 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Exhibit G.
BEOISTBATION FOB ELECTION OF DELEGATES.
Registration of electors, by provinces and districts, for the election of dele-
gates to the Philippine Assembly, held on July 30, 1907, as shown by reports of
provincial governors.
Province.
First
dis-
trict.
Second
dis-
trict.
Third
dis-
trict.
1,289
592
Fourth
dis-
trict.
Fifth
dis-
trict.
Sixth
dis-
trict.
Seventh
dis-
trict.
Total.
Albay
1,218
988
1,149
795
1,531
646
1,770
1,620
1,193
8,031
655
1,132
1,473
497
1,566
1,587
1,461
885
1,170
667
572
2.827
1,166
929
813
1.658
i;564
2,010
1,072
1,492
1,726
932
1,465
8,287
827
1,428
899
3,986
AfTibos CAfnarifM'^i ,
* ' 1
2,479
Antique
1,149
Bataon
1
795
Batangas
1,560
692
2.003
981
1,517
1,119
626
4,210
Bohol
1,864
Bulaciln
1
3,773
2.601
5,264
8.031
4,416
2,647
4,162
6,899
1,666
4,062
8.583
4 821
2,849
657
1,362
2.827
3,059
1,697
313
Cagayan
'
Capiz
2,554
...J
Cavite
1
Cebu
Ilocos Norte
867
1.515
1,640
2,240
319
'i,'649*
1,169
796 702 1 325
752
Ilocos Sur
Uoilo
907
i
Isabela
1
La Laguna
La Union
2,475
2,122
1,141
1,679
1 1
Leyte
952
1,393
I
Manila
t
Mindoro
1 1
Misamis
790
1
Nueva Eciia
Occidental NegTos
1,407
768
486
Oriental Negros ....
Palawan
Pampanga
Panffasi n an
1,468
1,083
1,726
8,116
1,192
1,647
1,642
7,128
8.735
Rizai I!!'.!'.'.!!!!!*.'!!.'
Romblon (subprovince)
1
1.072
SamRr
898
1,180
1,062
.. 1
8,452
Borsogon
.
2.906
Surigao
Tarlac
1
9^
901
8,123
2,866
6,410
Tayabas
i
ZambftieH
1
827
'
Total
46.814
36,058
12,810
5,922
3,261
825
752
104,966
Exhibit H.
PBESIDENT'S PBOCLAMATION TO CALL ELECTION.
By THE Governor-General of the Philippine Islands:
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, the President of the Unitetl States did, on the twenty-eighth day of
March, nineteen hundred and seven, issue the following Executive Order :*»
* * * * * * *
Now, therefore, I, James F. Smith, governor-general of the Philippine Islands,
do hereby proclaim the foregoing for the information and guidance of all con-
cerned.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
govenmient of the Philippine Islands to be affixed.
Done at the city of Manila this first day of April, in the year of our Lord
one thousand nine hundred and seven.
(seal.) James F. Smith,
Oovcnwr-Ocneral,
By the governor-general :
A. W. Fergusson, Executive Secretary,
« The text of Executive Order of March 28, 1907, and Resolution of Philippine
Commission of March 28, 1907, have been omitted here and may be seen In
'•Exhibit L," following (pp. 213, 214).
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETABY.
203
Exhibit I.
PBOCLAMATION OF OOVEBNOB-OENEBAL CALLINO ELECTION.
By the Govebnob-General of the Philippine Islands :
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas the Philippine Commission on March thirtieth, nineteen hundred
and seven, adopted the following resolution :<»
* * * « « « m
Now, therefore, I, James F. Smith, governor-general of the Philippine
Islands, in pursuance of the foregoing resolution, do hereby proclaim the same
for the information and guidance of all concerned.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of
the government of the Philippine Islands to be affixed.
Done at the city of Manila this first day of April in the year of our Ix)rd one
thousand nine hundred and seven.
[SEAL.]
By the Governor-general :
A. W. Febgusson, Executive Secretary.
James F. Smith,
Govemor-Oeneral.
Exhibit J.
TOTAL VOTE CAST, BY PBOVINCES AITD PABTIE8.
Votes cast for the different political parties, by provinces, at the election for
delegates to the Philippine Assembly, held on July 30, 1907, as shown by official
canvass :
Province.
X
f
1
B
c
i
1
c
«
III
Sag
a.
1
i
1
§
Albay
2,196
334
604
1,415
244
352
859
1,455
1,594
948
725
2,600
55
58
47
11
55
76
68*
39
61
159
106
54
75
84
132
3,666
Ambo^ Cuniiirines
1,577
:
2, '213
1,003
Antique
Bataan
379
749
Batannu!
2,113
85
1
3,708
Bohol
:::::
1
1,670
Bulacan
1,960
*'i."434'
1,177
i
2,898
Cagrayan
2,217
Caplz
889
2,686
3,088
747
1,619
1
137
4,842
Cavite
1
• 2,747
Cebu
445
3,692
Ilocos Norte
1,421
2,005
1,773
549
795
1.2<t
510
1,361
85
96
1,779
199
i.1
2,460
Ilocofl 8ur
3,773
Iloilo
2,275
5,902
Isabela
529
1,311
La LAg una
2,636
1,297
3,025
5,671
437
1
3,562
Lh i'nlon
685
98
98
153
1.038
3,166
Lcyte
125
69
3
32
112
13
179
31
23
13
69
45
184
53
44
18
24
73
3,827
Manila
Mindoro ,
59
14
7,206
622
Miaamia
1,160
Nueva Eciia
1,385
697
1,005
912
"874"
570
1,477
193
430
745
946
857
I
2,095
Occidental Negros .
"'""2i7'
4.-J6
1,909
1,405
614
100
2,689
Oriental Negros
1,557
Palawan ....
48
288
Pampanga
■'2*637"
1,448
2,791
Pan^sinan
Rizal
615
1,957
137
665
600
88
6,400
3,567
Samar
2.56.5
1,510
70
3,149
Sorsogon
Surigao .
, .. 1
2,658
789
Tarlac
i,234
1
i
18
2, 216
Tayabas
2,237
162
3,823
1
6,941
737
Zambales
502
1
1
Total
34,277
24,284
22.878
7,126
6,179 1-192 1 91
269
2,005
98,251
«The text of Executive Order of March 2.S, 1<K)7, Resolution of Philippine
Commission of March 28, 1907, and Resolution of Philippine Commission of
March 30, 1907, have been omitted here and may be seen in " Exhibit Ij," fol-
lowing (pp. 212-214).
204 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Exhibit K.
PTTBLIC BECEPTION AND WELCOME TO THE HONORABLE THE SECBETABT
OF WAR.
The Philippine Ck>MMissioN.
MINUTES OF PBOCEEDINGS.
Tuesday, October 15, 1907.
In accordance with previous arrangements the Commission met at 4 p. m.,
and talving the launch provided for them repaired in a body to the transport
McClcUan, just arrived in the bay, to meet the honorable the Secretary of War.
At 5.40 p. m.. Secretary Taft, Gen. Clarence R. Edwards, Chief of the Bureau
of Insular Affairs, and the Commission arrived at the marble hall of the ayun-
tamiento accompanied by MaJ. Gen. Leonard Wood, commanding-general, Phil-
ippines Division, United States Army, Rear-Admiral Hemphill, commanding the
Philippine squadron, United States Asiatic Fleet, Hon. P611x M. Roxas, presi-
dent of the muncipal board of Manila, and Hon. Arthur W. Ferguson, executive
secretary.
All immediately took the chairs reserved for them on a platform at the end
of the hall. l*resently Hon. F^llx M. Roxas, president of the municipal board
of Manila, arose and delivered the following address of welcome:
" Your excellency, ladies and gentlemen : The city of Manila feels proud to
have as guests the illustrious travelers who to-day honor us with their visit.
This visit to the Filipino people is the greatest evidence of the most lively
Interest felt by the American people in our prosi)erity and progress. The dele-
gation they have sent us is the highest representation of the American nation,
personified in the Secretary of War, the great friend of the Filipinos; personi-
fied in his worthy wife, the distinguished lady who for some years lived In our
midst, and by her distinction and affable manner won affection and sympathy
on every side; personified, finally, In General Edwards, who at Washington
for some time past has devoted himself to the study of Philippine problems.
** Be you all welcome ! The delirious enthusiasm with which you have been
received has the singularity and beauty of the siwntaneity with which the
Filipino people exi)ress their sentiments. The hospitality we extend to you is
not forced and oflScial, It Is our collective hospitality, our Individual hospitality.
For you are oi)en not only the ancient doors of the city, but also the doors of
our own homes. If you penetrate the large and sumptuous residences, if you
enter the humble bamboo and nlpa homes that you have found on your road,
you will find palpitating in all of them these same sentiments of kindly sym-
pathy; for these sentiments are the patrimony that we Filipinos have Inher-
itetl from our forebears.
" Sir, the Filipino people have faithfully followed the route that you traced
with a master hand. All of the institutions that you here established have
developed greatly and vigorously. The municipalities, the provinces, the insular
government work with admirable precision, with high credit to the executive
power. The courts of Justice with that same organization due to your ability
and skill, notwithstanding that the procedure upon which they are based was
exotic and unknown at the beginning by a kirge part of the Filipinos, constitute
the strongest bulwark and the surest protection of our rights and liberties.
The Philippine Commission, in which to this very moment Is exclusively vested
the legislative power, has passed laws up to act No. 1.S00, if my information be
not incorrect; this fact alone eloquently reveals how zealously and diligently
this body has carried out its august functions.
"The glory for these successes belongs largely to the Filipinos, not only to
those who take an active part in the administration, but particularly to the
hotly of the people who, being obedient and respecting the law, have with
docility kept up with the progressive influence, and by their own efforts have
overcome obstacles and difficulties, and facilitated the accomplishment of the
I)olicy of America in these Islands.
" The disorder and disturbances which invariably follow great social up-
heavals have here had an ephemeral existence. Under the {Vatemal rule of
REPOBT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETAKY, 205
General Smith the complete pacification of the islands has been accomplished;
neither In Cavite nor in Batangas, in Negros or in Gebtl, in Leyte or in Samar,
does there any longer exist the least spark of revolution or disturbance, the
chieftains of disorder have bent the neck to the resolute attitude of the people
in their demands for peace, quiet, and tmnquillity, in order that they might fully
enter upon the most transcendental epoch of the history of the Philippines.- I
refer, gentlemen, to the establishment of the Philippine Assembly that in a few
short days will be inaugurated. The fourth estate, the electrical power has
reached its full development in this country. The people have been permitted
to choose their representatives, the representatives elected by the people are
here with you. Young souls, of lively and intelligent aspect, they appear to have
stamped upon their countenances the glorious impress of the century in which
we live.
" Permit me, beloved fellow countrymen, in alluding to you, that I remind
you of these words of Doctor Rizal : * You are the legitimate hope of the father-
land.* With your accession to power, the oriental chrysalis has burst its bonds,
the beautiful butterfly will to-morrow take its first flight and flit from flower to
flower in the vast Filipino garden ; but know ye well, upon you is imposed the
holy task of gathering the honey destined to nourish the Filipino people.
" The inauguration of the Assembly records a memorable event In the history
of the Philippines, at the same time that it adds a glorious page to the history
of the American people. The constitution offered by the act of July 1, 1902, has
become established, and the promises of America to the Philippines have been
fulfilled. The Filipino people are in the vanguard of oriental peoples, a place
of honor always h^Id by peoples living under the protection of the American flag.
" It devolves upon us now to turn our eyes toward those who have dis-
pensed such signal benefits and accomplished, in the period of ten years, a work
of centuries, and, having reached this point we must evoke the memorable
recollection of the illustrious president treacherously assassinated in Buffalo,
of him who conceived the humane plan of the regeneration of the Philippines —
of McKlnley; of Secretary Root who inspired so noble a task; of President
Roosevelt, faithful in carrying out that beneficent policy; of Secretary Taft, the
able executor of the complex project for our upbuilding. For this reason the
names of McKlnley, of Root, of Roosevelt, and of Taft are symbolical of the
modern history of the Philippines.
" This address, gentlemen, is dedicated to the Secretary of War now with us,
and I do not think that you will qualify my words as adulation, if I render to
him the homage and the eulogy to which he Is Justly entitled. Secretary Taft
has been our great legislator, our fiawless statesman, and our excellent gover-
nor, all at the same time. I do not know in what to admire him most It appears
to me that in him shines the same genius of the artist who was a great architect,
a sublime painter, and an Inimitable sculptor all in one, of that prodigy of art,
of Michael Angelo ; for Just as he, with the last stroke, of his chisel to his cele-
brated Moses, being carried away by the perfection of his work exclaimed:
•Arise and walk,' I forefeel that the Secretary will experience the same emo-
tions as did that artist, and addressing himself to the i)eople will exclaim:
•Forward Filipinos.'
** Before concluding I must reiterate to you, Mr. Secretary, the welcome cor-
dially extended to you by the residents of the city of Manila — foreigners, Ameri-
cans, and Filipinos."
Governor-General James F. Smith then si)oke as follows :
" Now that the ofliclal welcome of the city of Manila has been tendered. It
devolves ujwn me, Mr. Secretary, to perform the very pleasant duty of saying
a few words of welcome on behalf of the entire body of the i)eople of the Phlll[)-
plnes, foreign, American, Spanish, or native of the soil, a few words of wel-
come to you, Mr. Secretary, and to Mrs. Taft, and to the members of your
party; but why say them, when the eyes and the hearts and the hands of all
have spoken them In a language which no poor words of mine can equal?
"Next Christmas eve It will be four years since you laid down, Mr. Secre-
tary, the cares of the government of the Philippines, and set out to assume
others, heavier and more lmi)ortant, but probably not so serious as those you
encountered here. You left us, and Indeed that was a sad day for everyone,
one to be remembered long ond sorrowfully by those who were present uiwn
that occasion and witnessed the deep feeling of the entire body of the ixjople
when they saw their almost father about to sail away. It was a sorrowful
206 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE. COMMISSION.
people because they had learned to know you, Mr. Secretary, and they had
learned to know, to be acquainted with, the amiable qualities of the partner of
your joys and sorrows ; and they loved you both very much.
" Time and distance may dim the memory of achievement, but they never
can dull the recollection of kindly deeds, inspired by kindly hearts. The people
of -the Philippines have not forgotten Mr. and Mrs. Taft, and when time shall
have resolved into its kindred dust all who are gathered here to-day their
memories will be fondly cherished by the children of the years to come as
fondly as by those whose welcome I can so poorly speak.
" New triumphs of statesmanship have added laurels to your brow ; others
prouder and better yet still await you, but for us none will be nobler than those
which you won as the first civil governor of the Philippines.
" In the name of all I wish you, 3klr. and Mrs. Taft, a happy * coming to your
own again,' and to the members of all your party a hearty welcome to the
Philippines.'*
Secretary Taft then arose and was enthusiastically greeted by all present.
He addressed the gathering as follows :
'* Ladles and gentlemen : I should like to-day to talk about my personal feel-
ings, and nothing else. I prepared no speech. As I stand here a flood of
reminiscences of the last seven years, a flood of affectionate remembrance
comes over me. President Roosevelt has always been my friend, has always
extended every evidence of kindness to me : but he has in all our long friend-
ship never done anything that I value so much as having given me the oppor-
tunity to come and have this reception and this renewal of my old intimacy
with the people of the Philippine Islands.
"And first. In the order In which I had the honor to meet them, may I extend
my thanks to the Admiral of the Navy and his oflicers. Who were good enough
to meet us with their vessels as we entered the gates of the Philippine Islands —
at Mariveles and Corregidor. May I also extend my thanks to the committee of
reception, representing both Americans and Filipinos, to whom I am Indebted
for the cordial earnestness with which they have arranged a task which, to use
a colloquial expression, may * finish ' me, but with which I am going through
with a determination to express my appreciation of it. Let me express my cor-
dial appreciation of the welcome from the army; let me congratulate General
Wood and his associates upon tlie fine appearance of the American soldiers, and
congratulate him and them that this really seems to be now a station to which
we send troops for health rather than to be Invalided; and, finally, let me ex-
press my x)rofound appreciation of the welcome from my old colleagues, the
Commission, with Oovernor-Oeneral Smith at the head — Governor-General
Smith, who came to the Islands before I did and who had impressed himself
upon tLe Filipinos long before they knew me or I knew them, and who is still
constant to the task of doing the best that he can for the people of these Islands.
"Ah ! those reminiscences — I see In the first line of the distinguished govern-
ors of the provinces a gentleman who was in arms against the United States,
and a gallant soldier was he, when I landed on these shores — Governor Cailles,
of Laguna. I see among the governors others whom I knew well and loved
when I was in the Islands, and I express to them my profound gratification at
meeting them here. My old friend, the alcalde, I can remember as distinctly as
If It were yesterday when he came Into the little room In the corner of this
building where the Commission first began its sessions, with a book on munici-
pal corporations, which he tendered us to assist us in drafting the municipal
code; and ever since that time he and I have worked together, differing some-
times, but always agreeing in an earnest desire for the elevation of the Filipino
people.
** I bog to express my appreciation of the courtesy of the members of the
newly elected Assembly In coming here. There are some faces that 1 know. My
old friend. Doctor Guerrero, I recognize and have known since I came to the
islands. There is a gentleman sitting next to him whom I know, but there are
others whose faces are younger and who perhaps have come on even in the
short three years or four years in which I have been absent from the Islands.
" But as I look down this line and see the chief Justice and his distinguished
associates they carry me back to the very day that I landed in the Islands, and.
Indeed, before we landed, when the chief justice came out to meet us on a day
hotter even than to-day, on the 3d of June, 1900.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 207
** I see among my American friends present those wlio have figured on and
for the last seven years have been looking for that prosperity which was to
make us all rith, but which has been somewhat slow in coming.
" To all of you I wish to express as fully and earnestly as I can the deep
pleasure I have in being here. This is the third time that it has been given to
me to meet a welcoming throng in the Philippine Islands, in the city of Manila,
and this, I am proud to say, is the most earnest and cordial reception of the
three cordial receptions with which I have been honored. Therefore, the four
years that I spent in the Philippine Islands were the four to me most im-
portant years of my life. Never again shall I have the responsibility, never
again the opportunity, in working out a problem of such tremendous importance
to a great nation of people. Never again, no matter what responsibility may
come, will there be a time when 1 enter in with such love of the work as I did
in the task which was assigned to my colleagues and me in developing a gov-
ernment in the Philipi)ine Islands In the interest of the Philippine people.
*'And, therefore, it seems to me as if nothing could happen now which was
of more importance to me — which filled my life fuller — than this affection, sin-
cere and warm, that I wish. In what I say with very poor words, to express to
the i)eople of the Philippine Islands."
The meeting was brought to a close by the playing of the " Star-Spangled
Banner" by the constabulary band.
The Honorable Secretary of War and the governor-general then held an
informal reception of the persons present.
The occasion of this demonstration was marked by a very large and enthusi-
astic gathering of the people, and was principally noteworthy in that there
were represented through the delegates of the Philippine Assembly, who were
present in a body, practically the entire Christian i)opulation of the islands.
There were present also the chief Justice and members of the supreme court
and representatives in the islands of foreign governments, the commanding offi-
cers of the United States Army and Navy and their staffs, the provincial gov-
ernors, and the heads of the various bureaus and offices of the government.
\Vm. H. Donovan,
Secretary, Philippine Commission.
Exhibit L.
INAUOUBATION OF THE PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY.
By the Govebnob-General of the Philippine Islands:
A PROCLAMATION.
.Whereas on the twenty-eighth day of March, nineteen hundred and seven, the
President of the United States, in pursuance of the provisions of the act of
Congress, approved July first, nineteen hundred and two, did issue an Executive
order directing the Philippine Commission to call a general election for the
choice of delegates to a popular assembly of the people of the territory of the
Philippine Islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian tribes, to be
known as the Philippine Assembly ; and
Whereas the Philippine Commission, In session duly assembled, on the thir-
tieth day of March, nineteen hundred and seven, in compliance with said
executive order of the President of the United States, did pass a resolution
calling a general election to be held on the thirtieth day of July, nineteen hun-
dred and seven, in accordance with the provisions of act numbered fifteen
hundred and eighty-two of the Philippine Commission, entitled " The election
law," for the choice of delegates to a jwpular assembly of the people of the ter-
ritory of the Philippine Islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian
tribes, to be known as the Philippine Assembly ; and
Whereas such general election was duly held on the thirtieth day of July,
nineteen hundred and seven, and delegates to said popular assembly were elected
thereat :
Now, therefore, I, James F. Smith, governor-general of the Philippine Islands,
in pursuance of the provisions of the act of Congress, approved July first, nine-
208 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
teen hundred and two, do hereby call the Philipphie Legislature to hold Its first
meeting at the ayuntamiento building In the city of Manila on Wednesday, the
sixteenth day of October, nineteen hundred and seven, at nine o'clock in the
forenoon of said day.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the great seal
of the government of the Philippine Islands to be affixed.
Done at the city of Manila this fourteenth day of September, nineteen hun-
dred and seven.
James F. Smith,
Oovemor-Oeneral,
By the governor-general :
F. W. Carpenteb,
Acting Executive Secretary.
By the Governob-Genebal of the Philippine Islands:
\ PROCLAMATION.
[Amending proclamation of September 14, 1907.]
Whereas a proclamation was made on the fourteenth day of September, nhie-
teen hundred and seven, calling the Philippine Assembly to hold its first meet-
ing at the ayuntamiento building in the city of Manila on the sixteenth day of
October, nineteen hundred and seven ; and
Whereas the place of meeting designated in said call is deemed to be insuffi-
cient to accommodate the public desirous of being present at the opening of the
Assembly.
Now, therefore, the said proclamation is hereby amended to read as follows :
" Whereas on the twenty-eighth day of March, nineteen hundred and seven,
the President of the United States, in pursuance of the provisions of the act
of Congress approved July first, nineteen hundred and two, did issue an Execu-
tive order directing the Philippine Commission to call a general election for
the choice of delegates to a i)opular assembly of the people of the territory of
the Philippine Islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian tribes,
to be known as the Philippine Assembly ; and
" Whereas the Philippine Commission, In session duly assembled, on the
thirtieth day of March, nineteen hundred and seven. In compliance with said
Executive order of the President of the United States, did pass a resolution
calling a general election to be held on the thirtieth day of July, nineteen hun-
dred and seven. In accordance with the provisions of act numbered fifteen hun-
dred and eighty-two of the Philippine Commission, entitled * The election law,'
for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly of the people of the territory
of the Philippine Islands not Inhabited by Moros or other non-Chrlstlan tribes,
to be known as the Philippine Assembly ; and
" Whereas such general election was duly held on the thirtieth day of July,
nineteen hundred and seven, and delegates to said popular assembly were
elected thereat :
** Now, therefore, I, James F. Smith, governor-general of the Philippine
Islands, In pursuance of the provisions of the act of Congress approved July
first, nineteen hundred and two, do hereby call the Philippine I^eglslature to
hold Its first meeting at the Grand Oi>era House, on Calle Cervantes, Santa Cruz,
In the city of Manila, on Wednesday, the sixteenth day of October, nineteen
hundred and seven, at nine o'clock In the forenoon of said day.'*
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the great seal
of the government of the Philippine Islands to be affixed.
Done at the city of Manila this 11th da^ of October, nineteen hundred
and seven.
James F. Smith,
Govemor-GeneraL
By the governor-general :
F. W. Cabpenteb,
Acting Executive Secretary.
EEPOBT OP THE EXECUTIVE SECRETABY. 209
Philippine Leqislaturu.
journal of the com mission.
Wednesday, October 16, 1907,
Pursuant to the proclaDiation of the governor-general, dated September 14,
1907, as amended by the proclamation of the governor-general, dated October
11, 1907, made In accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress ap-
proved July 1, 1902, the members of the Philippine Commission and the mem-
bers-elect of the Philippine Assembly met in the Grand Opera house, Calle
Cervantes, city of Manila, at 9.25 a. m.
The delegates-elect of the Philippine Assembly entered the hall in a body at
9 o'clock a. m., and shortly after the hour of 9 Hon. William H. Taft, Secretary
of War of the United States, Hon. James F. Smith, governor-general of the
Philippine Islands, and Hon. Dean O. Worcester, Hon. T. H. Pardo de Tavera,
Hon. Benito I^egarda, Hon. Jos^ R. de Luzuriaga, Hon. W. Cameron Forbes, and
Hon. W. Morgan Shuster, members of the Philippine Commission, accompanied
by MaJ. Gen. Leonard Wood, commanding the Philippine Division of the
United States Army, Rear- Admiral Hemphill, commanding officer of the United
States Asiatic Fleet at this station, Brig. Gen. Clarence R. Edwards, chief of the
Bureau of Insular Affairs, and Hon. Arthur W. Fergusson, executive secretary
of the Philippine Islands, arrived and took the seats provided for them on the
stage.
There were present also the members of the supreme court, Monsignor A.
Ambrose Agius, Apostolic Delegate, and Right Rev. Jorge Barlln, the official
representatives of foreign Governments in the Philippine Islands, and the
various provincial governors.
The governor-general arose and spoke as follows:
" Mr. Secretary of War, members of the Philippine Commission, members-
elect of the Philippine Assembly, ladies and gentlemen :
" In section 6 of the act of Congress approved July 1, 1902, entitled *An act
temporarily to provide for the administration of the affairs of civil government
In the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes,* it was provided —
"'That whenever the existing insurrection in the Philippine Islands shall
have ceased and a condition of general and complete peace shall have been
established therein and the fact shall be certified to the President by the Philip-
pine Commission, the President, upon being satisfied thereof, shall order a
census of the Philippine Islands to be taken by said Philippine Commission;
such census in its inquiries relating to the populaton shall take and make so
far as practicable full report for all the inhabitants, of name, age, sex, race, or
tribe, whether native or foreign bom, literacy In Spanish, native dialect or
language, or in English, school attendance, ownership of homes. Industrial and
social statistics, and such other information separately for each Island, each
province, and municipality, or other civil division, as the President and said
Commission may deem necessary: Provided, That the President may, upon the
request of said Commission, in his discretion, employ the service of the Census
Bureau in compiling and promulgating the statistical information above pro-
vided for, and may commit to such Bureau any part or portion of such labor,
as to him may seem wise.'
" In section 7 of the said act it was provided —
" * That two years after the completion and publication of the census. In case
such condition of general and complete peace with recognition of the authority
of the United States shall have continued in the territory of said islands not
inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian tribes and such facts shall have
been certified to the President by the Philippine Commission, the President upon
being satisfied thereof shall direct said Commission to call, and the Commission
sball call, a general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly
of the people of said territory in the Philippine Islands, which shall be known
as the Philippine Assembly. After said assembly shall have convened and or-
ganized all the legislative power heretofore conferred on the Philippine Com-
mission in all that part of said Islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-
Chistian tribes shall be vested in a legislature consisting of two houses — the
Philippine Commission and the Philippine Assembly. Said assembly shall
consist of not less than fifty nor more than one hundred members to be apppor-
tloned by said Commission among the provinces as nearly as practicable accord-
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7 14
210 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
lug to iK>i)ulatiou : Provided^ That uo proviuce shall have less than one member :
And provided further. That provinces entitled by i)oi)ulatiou to more than one
member may be divided Into such convenient districts as the said Commission
may deem best.
" * Public notice of such division shall be given at least ninety days prior to
such election, and the election shall be held under rules and regulations to be
prescribed by law. The qualification of electors in such election shall be the
same as is now provideil by law in case of electors in municipal elections. The
members of assembly shall hold office for two years from the first day of Janu-
ary next following their election, and their successors shall be chosen by the
people every second year thereafter. No person shall be eligible to such election
who is not a qualified elector of the election district in which he may be chosen,
owing allgiance to the United States, and twenty-five years of age.
" * The legislature shall hold annual sessions, commencing on the first Monday
of February in each year and continuing not exceeding ninety days thereafter
(Sundays and holidays not included) : Provided^ That the first meeting of the
legislature shall be held upon the call of the governor within ninety days after
the first election : And provided further. That If at the termination of any ses-
sion the appropriations necessary for the support of Government shall not
have been made, an amount equal to the sums api^ropriated in the last appropri-
ation bills for such purposes shall be deemed to be appropriated; and until the
legislature shall act In such behalf the treasurer may, with the advice of the
governor, make the payments necessary for the purjwses aforesaid.*
" On September 8, 1902, on motion of Commissioner Wright, the following
resolution w^as adopted by the Philippine Commission :
" * Resolved, That the Philippine Commission hereby certifies to the President
of the United States that the recently existing Insurrection In the Philippine
Islands has ceased and a condition of general and complete peace has been estab-
lished herein ; that this certificate Is made in accordance with the i)rovlslons of
section six of "An act temporarily to provide for the administration of the
affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other puri)0se8,"
and that the Commission recommends to the President of the United States that
he order a census of the Philippine Islands to be taken by the Philippine Com-
mission In accordance with the provisions of said section.
" * Be it further resolved. That the foregoing certificate does not and Is not
Intended to certify that the condllons surrounding the Lake Lanao Moro dis-
trict In Mindanao, which district forms but a small part of the territory occupied
by the Moros, are those of absolute and complete peace, but that In the opinion
of the Commission the language of section six and the certificate therein provided
for were not intended by Congress to require before such census should be taken
that complete peace should exist in the country of the wild Moros, who never
have taken any part in the Insurrection referred to in section six.*
" On September 25, 1002, the following order was issued by the President of
the United States :
" * White House, September 25, 1902.
" * Whereas, by the sixth section of the act of Congress approved July first,
nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An act temporarily to provide for the ad-
ministration of the affairs of civil government in the Philli)i)lne Islands, and
for other puriwses," It was provided " That whenever the existing Insurrection
in the Philippine Islands shall have ceased and a condition of general and com-
plete peace shall have been established therein and the fact shall be certified
to the President by the Philippine Commission, the President, upon being sat-
isfied thereof, shall order a census of the Philippine Islands to be taken by said
Phllii)plne Commission; such census In Its Inquiries relating to the i)opulatlon
shall take and make so far as practicable full report for all the inhabitants,
of nam^, age, sex, race, or tribe, whether native or foreign born, literacy In
Spanish, native dialect or language, or In English, school attendance, ownership
of homes, industrial and social statistics, and such other information separately
for each Island, each province, and municipality, or other civil division, as the
President and said Commission may deem necessary: Provided, That the Presi-
dent may, uixm the request of the Commission, In his discretion, employ the
service of the Census Bureau in compiling and promuliratliig the statist ic'al in-
formation above provided for, and may commit to such Bureau any part or
portion of such labor as to him may seem wise," and
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 211
*' * Whereas, the said Commission hAa adopted and certified to me the follow-
ing resolutions :
** Resolved, That the Philippine Commission hereby certifies to the President
of the United States that the recently existing insurrection in the Philippine
Islands has ceased and a condition of general and complete peace has been es-
tablished herein. That this certificate is made in accordance with the provi-
sions of section six of an act temporarily to provide for the affairs of civil
government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes, and that the Com-
mission recommends to the President of the United States that he order a census
of the Philippine Islands to be taken by the Philippine Commission in accord-
ance with the provisions of said section.
"Be it further resolved. That the foregoing certificate does not and is not
Intended to certify that the conditions surrounding the I^ake I^uuo district in
Mindanao, which district forms but a small part of the territory occupied by
the Moros, are those of absolute and complete peace, but that in the opinion
of the Commission the language of section six and the certificate therein pro-
vided for were not Intended by Congress to require before such census should
be taken that complete peace should exist in the country of the wild Moros
who never have taken any part in the insurrection referred to in section six."
" * Now, therefore : I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the Unltetl States,
in pursuance of the provisions of the law above quoted and upon the foregoing
due certification, and being satisfied of the facts therein statcnl, do order a
census of the Philippine Islands be taken by said Philippine Commission in
accordance with the provisions of the said act of Congress.
" * THex)DOBE Roosevelt.
" * 1918-11.]
" * Wab Department,
" * BnsEAU or Insular Affairs,
" * Washington, D. C, September 27, J 902.
" *Oflicial copy respectfully referred to the civil governor of the Phllli)i)lne
Islands, Manila, P. I., for his information.
" * By order of the Acting Secretary of War :
" * Clarence R. Edwards,
" * Colonel, U. H. Army, Chief of Bureau,'
"Then followed the proclamation of the governor-general of the Philippine
Islands, Hon. Luke E. Wright, made on the 28th day of March, 1905, proclaim-
ing the order of the President, as follows :
" *By the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands —
"'A PROCLAMATION.
" * Whereas the. Secretary of War has informed this government that on the
twenty-seventh day of March, nineteen hundred and five, the Philippine census
bureau, with the aid of the United States Census Bureau, completed and pub-
lished the fourth and last volume of the report of the Philippine census, taken
In accordance with the provisions of section six of the act of Congress ap-
proved July one, nineteen hundred and two :
" * Now, therefore, I, Luke E. Wright, governor-general of the Philippine
Islands, do hereby proclaim the publication of the Philippine census as above
set forth, and do call the attention of the people of these islands to that imrt
of section seven of the said act of Congress approved July one, nineteen hun-
dred and two, which provides that two years after the completion and publi-
cation of the census, in case a condition of general and complete peace with
recognition of the authority of the United States shall have continued In the
territory of these islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-Chrlstlan tribes
and such facts shall have been certified to the President by the Philippine
Commission, the President upon being satisfied thereof shall direct the Philip-
pine Commission to call, and the Commission shall call, a general election for
the choice of delegates to a popular assembly of the people of said territory in
the Philippine Islands, which shall be known as the Philippine Assembly : and
which provides also that after the said assembly shall have convened and or-
ganized all the legislative power heretofore conferred on the Philippine Com-
mission in all that part of these islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-
(Thristian tribes shall be vested In a legislature consisting of two houses — the
Philippine Commission and the Philippine Assembly.
212 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
" * In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of
the government of the Philippine Islands to be aflSxed.
" * Done at the city of Manila this twenty-eighth day of March, nineteen hun-
dred and five.
" * By the governor-general :
" * Luke E. Wbight.
" 'A. W. Ferguson,
" ^Executive Secretary,*
" No further steps were taken in this matter until March 28, 1907, when the
following resolution was adopted by the Philippine Commission, and tele-
graphed to the President of the United States :
" * Whereas the census of the Philippine Islands was completed and pub-
lished on the twenty-seventh day of March, nineteen hundred and five, whicti
said completion and publication of said census was, on the twenty-^ghtli
day of March, nineteen hundred and five, duly published and proclaimed
to the people by the governor-general of the Philippine Islands with the
announcement that the President of the United States would direct the
Philippine Commission to call a general election for the choice of delegates
to a popular assembly, provided tliat a condition of general and complete i>eace
with recognition of the authority of the United States should be certified by
the Philip|>Ine Commission to have continued in the territory of the Philippine
Islands for a i^rlod of two years after said completion and publication of
said census; and
" * Whereas since the completion and publication of said census there have
been no serious disturbances of the public order, save and except those cause<l
by the noted outlaws and bandit chieftains, Fellzardo and Montalon, and their
followers in the provinces of Cavlte and Batangas, and those caused in the
provinces of Samar and Leyte by the non-Christian and fanatical pulajanes
resident in the mountain districts of the said provinces and the barrios con-
tiguous thereto; and
" * Whereas the overwhelming majority of the people of said provinces of
Cavlte, Batangas, Samar, and Leyte have not taken part In said disturbances and
have not aided nor abetted the lawless acts of said bandits and pulajanes ; and
" * Whereas the great mass and body of the Filipino ixK)ple have, during said
period of two years, continued to be law-abiding, i^eaceful, and loyal to the
United States, and have continued to recognize and do now recognize the
authority and sovereignty of the United States In the territory of said Philip-
pine Islands: Now, therefore, be it .
" * Resolved by the Philippine Commission in formal session duly assembled.
That it, said Philippine Commission, do certify, and It does hereby certify, to
the President of the United States that for a period of two years after the
completion and publication of the census a condition of general and complete
I)eace, with recognition of the authority of the United States, has continued
to exist and now exists In the territory of said Philippine Islands not Inhab-
ited by Moros or other non-Chrlstlan tribes ; and be it further
" * Resolved by said Philippimj Commission, That the President of the United
States be requested, and Is hereby requested, to direct said Philippine Com- -
mission to call a general election for the choice of delegates to a popular
assembly of the people of said territory In the Philippine Islands, which assem-
bly shall be known as the Philippine Assembly/
" The following day an official telegram was received from Washington con-
taining an Executive order of the President directing the Philippine Commission
to call a general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly, and
on March 30, 1907, the Commission adopted a resolution as follows :
"Whereas on March twenty-eighth, nineteen hundred and seven, the Philip-
pine Commission by resolution certified to the President of the Ignited States
that on said date, and for a period of two years subsequent to the completion
and publication of the census, a condition of general and complete peace, with
recognition of the authority of the United States, had continued to exist In the
territory of said Philippine Islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-
Christian tribes, and in and by said resolution I'equested the President to
direct said Philippine Commission to call a general election for the choice of
delegates to a popular assembly of the people of said territory of the,Philli>-
plue Islands; and
BEPOBT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECBETABY. 218
"Whereas the President of the United States thereupon made and Issued
an Executive order as follows, to wit:
" * Whereas by the sixth section of the act of Congress approved July first,
nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An act temporarily to provide for the ad-
ministration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and
for other purposes," it was provided " That whenever the existing insurrection
in the Philippine Islands shall have ceased and a condition of general and com-
plete i)eace shall have been established therein and the fact shall be certified
to the President by the Philippine Ck>mmission, the President, upon being satis-
fied thereof, shall order a census of the Philippine Islands to be taken by said
Philippine Commission;" and
" * Whereas by the seventh section of said act it was provided : " That two
years after the completion and publication of the census, in case such condition
of general and complete peace, with recognition of the authority of the United
States, shall have continued in the territory of said islands not inhabited by
Moros or other non-Christian tribes, and such facts shall have been certified
to the President by the Philippine Commission, the President, upon being satis-
fied thereof, shall direct said Commission to call, and the Commission shall call,
a general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly of the
I)eople of said territory in the Philippine Islands, which shall be known as the
Pliilil)plne Assembly. After said Assembly shall have convened and organized,
all the legislative power heretofore conferred on the Philippine Commission in
all that part of said islands not inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian
tribes shall be vested in a legislature consisting ot two houses — the Philippine
Commission and the Philippine Assembly. Said Assembly shall consist of not
less than 50 nor more than 100 members, to be apportioned by said Commission '
among the provinces as nearly as practicable according to population: Pro-
vided, That no province shall have less than one member: And provided
further. That provinces entitled by population to more than one member may
be divided into such convenient districts as the said Commission may deem
best;" and
" * Whereas on September eighth, nineteen hundred and two, the Philippine
Commission certified to me that the insurrection in the Philippine Islands had
ceased and that a condition of general and complete peace had been established
therein; and
" ' Whereas in pursuance of the provisions of the law above quoted, and
upon the foregoing due certification, and being satisfied of the facts therein
stated, on the twenty-fifth day of September, nineteen hundred and two, I
ordered a census of the Philippine Islands to be taken by the Philippine Com-
mission ; and
" * Whereas the census so ordered was taken and announcement of its com-
pletion and publication made to the people of the Philippine Islands on March
twenty-eighth, nineteen hundred and five; and
" ' Whereas the Philippine Commission has now certified to me the following
resolution :
" * " Whereas the census of the Philippine Islands was completed and pub-
lished on the twenty-seventh day of March, nineteen hundred and five, which
said completion and publication of said census was, on the twenty-eighth day
of March, nineteen hundred and five, duly, published and proclaimed to the
people by the governor-general of the Philippine Islands with the aimounce-
nieut that the President of the United States would direct the Philippine Com-
mission to call a general election for the choice of delegates to a popular as-
sembly, i)rovlded that a condition of general and complete peace, with recognition
of the authority of the United States, should be certified by the Philippine Com-
mission to have continued in the territory of the Philippine Islands for a period
of two years after said completion and publication of said census ; and
" * " Whereas since the completion and publication of said census there have
been no serious disturbances of the public order, save and except those cause<l
by the noted outlaws and bandit chieftains, Fellzardo and Montalon, and their
followers In the provinces of Cavlte and Batangas, and those caused In the
|)rovinces of Samar and I-.eyte by the non-Christian and fanatical pulajanes
resident In the mountain districts of the said provinces and the barrios con-
tiguous thereto; and
" * " Whereas the overwhelming majority of the people of said provinces of
Cavlte, Batangas, Samar, and Leyte have not taken part In said disturbances
and have not aided nor abetted the lawless acts of said bandits and pulajanes;
and
214 REPORT OF tHE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
" * " Whereas the jcreat mass and body of the Fillpluo |)eople have, during
said iKjrlod of two years, continued to be law-abidinp, i^eaceful, and loyal to the
United States, and have continued to recognize, and do now recognize, the au-
thority and sovereignty of the United States in the territory of said Philippine
Islands: Now, therefore, be It
" * " Resolved by the Philippine Commission in formal session duly assem-
bled. That it, said Philippine Commission, do certify, and it does hereby certify,
to the President of the United States that for a period of two years after the
completion and publication of the census a condition of general and complete
l>eace, with recognition of the authoritj' of the United States, has continued to
exist, and now exists, in the territory of said Philippine Islands not inhabited
by Moros or other non-Christian tribes ; and be it further
" * " Resolved by said Phili'ppine Commission, That the President of the United
States be requested and is hereby requested to direct said Philippine Commis-
sion to call a general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assembly
of the people of said territory in the Philippine Islands, which assembly shall
be known as the Philippine Assembly ; "
" * Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, In
pursuance of the provisions of the law above cited and being satisfied of the
facts certified to me by the Philippine Commission, do hereby direct said Phil-
ippine Commission to call a general election for the choice of delegates to e
popular assembly of the people of the territory of the Philippine Islands not
Inhabited by Moros or othep non-Christian tribes, which shall be known ar
the Philippine Assembly.
"'Theodore Roosevelt.
" * The White House, At arch 28, 1907:
" Now, therefore, be it
" Resolved, That in accordance with the direction of the President of the
United States, and under and by virtue of the provisions of the act
of Congress approved July first, nineteen hundred and two, the Philippine
Commission, In formal session assembled on this the thirtieth day of March,
nineteen hundred and seven, does hereby call a general election to be held
on July thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven, for the choice of delegates to a
popular assembly of the people of the territory of the Philippine Islands not
Inhabited by Moros or other non-Chrlstlan tribes, which shall be known as the
Philippine Assembly, said election to be held In accordance with the provisions
of act numl>ered fifteen hundred and eighty-two of the Philippine Commission,
entltl(»d *The election law,* passed January ninth, nineteen hundred and seven;
and be It further
" Resolved, That the governor-general be, and he Is hereby, requested to
Issue a proclamation announcing the calling of said election, which proclama-
tion shall embody this resolution, and that the executive secretary be, and is
hereby, directed to have the said proclamation printed as soon as practicable
in English and in Spanish, and when printed to cause a copy thereof to be
forwarded without delay to each provincial and municipal government con-
cerned."
•* On April 1. 1907, the govenior-general made and Issuetl a proclamation em-
bodying the resolution of the commission of March 30, lfK)7.
** In accordance with the call of the Commission the election was duly held
on July 30 last, and on the face of the returns the delegates who are here
l)resent ajjpear to be the delegates duly and properly elected from the various
provinces.
" Sul)sequently and within the ninety days prescribed by the act of Congress,
the gnvernor-goneral diret^ttni that the Philippine legislature meet at the ayun-
tanilento building in the city of Manila on Wednesday, the IGth day of October,
IIKIT, at the hour of 9 o'clock a. m. In view of the little space available for
the public in the marble hall of the ayuntamlento buildlnp, this proclamation
of the governor-general was, on October 11, 1907. amended so as to require the
met»ting to be held at the (Jrand Opera House, where we are now gathered.
" Xo other step now remains except that of the formal opening of the Philip-
pine Asstnnbly and the Phillpi)lne Legislature for the transaction of such busi-
ness as may come before both bodies as the legislative iwwer In the Philippine
Islands.
" Who shall formally announce this opening to the people of the Philippine
Islands? Who better than the man who represents the President of the United
ItEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 215
States and to whom is due, more than to any other man, the organization of the
Philippine Assembly, because this iwpuliir, rei)rcsentative, legislative body has
been made possible by his policy and his achievement? Who better can an-
nounce the fact of this organization to all the peoples of the Philippine Islands
than the honorable the Secretary of War, William II. Taft?"
The honorable the Secretary of War then arose, and after making a few in-
troductory remarks in elaboration of the remarks of the governor-general to
the effect that the Philippine Assembly was organized for two puriioses — one
to make the government of the Philippine Islands better, and the other as an
educational Instrument to prepare the people of the islands and their repre-
sentatives for exercising the powers of government, and warning the members-
elect of the Assembly that one of the experiences of a legislative body that It
must take to heart and learn is the ability to listen to long speeches, he de-
livered the following address, which was interpreted by the Hon. Arthur W.
Fergusson, executive secretary of the Philit)pine Islands, with the exception of
that portion thereof relating to the progress made in the islands, which, on the
advice of the Secretary of War, was not interpreted Into Spanish owing to the
lateness of the hour and to the fact that the address In Its entirety would
appear In the public press and In the journals of both Houses:
" Gentlemen of the Assembly : President Roosevelt has sent me to convey to
you and the Filipino i)eople his congratulations niwn another step in the en-
largement of popular self-government In these Islands. I have the greatest per-
sonal pleasure In being the bearer of this message. It is intended for each and
every member of the Assembly, no matter what his views upon the issues which
w^ere presented in the late electoral campaign. It assumes that he is loyal to
the government in which he now proposes, under oath of allegiance, to take
part It does not assume that he may not have a wish to bring about, either
soon or in the far future, by peaceable means, a transfer of sovereignty; but
it does assume that while the present government endures, he will loyally do
all he lawfully can to uphold its authority and to make it useful to the Filipino
people.
"I am aware that, in view of the issues discussed at the election of this
assembly, I am expected to say something regarding the policy of the United
States toward these islands. Before attempting any such task, it is well to
make clear the fact that I can not speak with the authority of one who may
control that policy.
" The Philippine Islands are territory belonging to the TTnlted States, and
by the Constitution, the branch of that (iovernment vested with the power,
and charged with the duty, of making rules and regulations for their govern-
ment Is Congress. The iwlicy to be pursued with resi)ect to them Is, therefore,
ultima telj' for Congress to determine. Of course. In the act establishing a gov-
ernment for the Philippine Islands passed by Congress July 1, 1002, wide
discretion has been vested In the President to shape affairs In the islands,
within the limitations of the act, through the api)ointment of the governor and
the Commission, and the power of the Secretary of War to supervise their
work and to veto proposed legislation; but not only is the transfer of sover-
eignty to an Independent government of the Filipino people wholly within
the jurisdiction of Congress, but so also Is the extension of any popular political
control In the present government beyond that conferred in the organic act.
It Is embarrassing, therefore, for me, though I am charged with direct super-
vision of the islands, under the I*resident, to deal in any way with issues relat-
ing to their ultimate dIsix)sltion, It Is true that the peculiar development
of the government of the islands under American sovereignty has given to the
attitude of the President upon such Issues rather more significance than In
most matters of exclusively Congressional cognizance. After the exchange of
ratifications of the treaty of Paris In April of 18(K), and until the organic act of
July 1, 1002, Congress acquiesced in the government of the islands by the Presi-
dent as commander in chief of the Army and Navy without Interference, and
when it passed the organic act it not only confirmed In every respect the
anomalous quasicivil government which he had created, but it also made his
instructions to the Secretary of War part of Its statute, and followed therein
his recommendation as to future extension of popular iK>litical control. This
close adherence of Congress to the views of the Executive in respect to the
Islands In the past gives gi-ound for ascribing to Congress approval of the
Philippine iM>lIcy, as often de<'lare(l by President McKinley and President
Roosevelt. Still, I have no authority to si)eak for Congress in respect to the
ultimate dlst)osltion of the islands. I can only express an opinion as one
216 BEPORT OF TriE PHILIPPINE COMMISSlOiJ*
familiar witli the circumstances likely to affect Congress, in the light of Its
previous statutory action.
" The avowed policy of the National Administration under these two Presi-
dents has been and is to govern the islands, having regard to the interest and
welfare of the Filipino people, and by the spread of general primary and in-
dustrial education and by practice in partial political control to fit the people
themselves to maintain a stable and well-ordered government affording equality
of right and opportunity to all citizens. The policy looks to the improvement
of the iieople both industrially and in self-governing capacity. As this policy
of extending control continues, it must logically reduce and finally end the
sovereignty of the United States in the islands, unless it shall seem wise to the
American and the Filipino peoples, on account of mutually beneficial trade rela-
tions and possible advantage to the islands in their foreign relations, that the
bond shall not be completely severed.
" How long this process of political preparation of the Filipino people is
likely to be is a question which no one can certainly answer. When I was in
the islands the last time, I ventured the opinion that it would take considerably
longer than a generation. I have not changed my view upon this point ; but the
issue is one upon which opinions differ. However this may be, I believe that
the policy of the Administration as outlined above is as definite as the policy
of any government in a matter of this kind can safely be made. We are en-
gaged in working out a great experiment. No other nation has attempted it,
and for us to fix a certain number of years in which the experiment must be-
come a success and be completely realized would be, in my judgment, unwise.
As I premised, however, this is a question for settlement by the CJongress of the
United States.
" Our Philippine iwlicy has been subjected to the severest condemnation by
critics who occupy points of view as widely apart as the two poles. There are
those who say that we have gone too fast, that we have counted on the ca-
pacity of the Filipino for political development with a foolish confidence lead-
ing to what they regard as the disastrous result of this election. There are
others who assert that we have denied the Filipino that which is every man's
birthright, to govern himself, and have been guilty of tyranny and a violation
of American principles in not turning the government over to the people of
the islands at once.
" With your permission, I propose to consider our policy in the light of the
events of the six years during which it has been pursued, to array the difficul-
ties of the situation which we have had to meet and to mention in some detail
what has been accomplished.
** The civil government was inaugurated in 1901 before the close of a war he-
tween the forces of the United States and the controlling elements of the Phllli)-
pine people. It had sufficient popular support to overawe many of those whose
disposition was friendly to the Americans. In various provinces the war was
continued intermittently for a year after the appointment of a civil governor in
July, 1901. This was not an auspicious beginning for the organization of a
people into a peaceful community acknowledging allegiance to an alien power.
" Secondly, there was, in the United States, a strong minority party that
lost no opportunity to denounce the policy of the Government and to express
sympathy with those arrayed in arms against it, and declared in party plat-
form and in other ways its intention, should it come into i3ower, to turn the
islands over to an independent government of their people. This not only pro-
longed the war, but when peace finally came, it encouraged a suUenness on the
part of many Filipinos and a lack of interest in the progress and development of
the existing government, that were discouraging. It offered the hoi^e of imme-
diate independence at the coming of every national election by the defeat of the
Administration at the polls. This was not of assistance in carrying out a policy
that dei)ended for Its working on the political education of tlie i)eople by their
cordial participation, first, in the new municipal and provincial governments,
and finally in the election of a national assembly. The result has been that
during the educational process there has been a continuing controversy as to the
political capacity of the Filipino people. It has naturally been easy to induce
a majority of the electorate to believe that they are now capable of maintain-
ing a stable government. All this has tended to divert the people's attention
from the existing government, although their useful participation in that must
measure their progress toward fitness for complete autonomy.
"The impatience of the popular majority for further power may be some-
what mitigated as the extent of the political control which is placed in the
BEPOKT OP THE EXECtTTlVE 8ECBETABY. 217
hands of the people increases, and as they become more familiar with the re-
spousibllties and the difficulties of actual power. The difference between the at-
titude of an irresponsible critic who has. behind him the easily aroused preju-
dices of a people against an alien government and that of one who attempts
to formulate legislation which shall accomplish a definite purpose for the good
of his own peopleris a healthful lesson for the ambitious statesman to lenrn.
"Other formidable political obstacles had to be overcome. There still re-
mained present in the situation in 1901 the smoldering ashes of the issues
which had led the people to rebel against the power of Spain — ^I meaU' the
prospective continuance of the influence of the regular religious orders in the
parochial administration of the Roman Catholic Church in the islands and their
ownership of most valuable and extensive agricultural lands in the most
I)opulous provinces. The change of sovereignty to a government which could
exercise no control over the church in its selection of its agents made the new
regime powerless, by act or decree, to prevent the return of the friars to the
parishes, and yet the people were disposed to hold the government responsible
whenever this was proi)osed. It would have been fraught with great danger of
political disturbance. It was also essential that the religious orders should
cease to be agricultural landlords In order to eliminate the agrarian question
arising between them and 60,000 tenants which had played so large a part in
the previous insurrections against Spain. These results were to be attained
without offending, or infringing upon the rights of, the Roman Catholic Church,
the influence of which for good in the islands could not be denied. Other
political difficulties attending the transfer of a sovereignty from a government
in which the interests of the state and the church were inextricably united to
one in which they must be absolutely separated, I need not stop to elaborate.
The religious and property controversies arising out of the Aglipayan schism,
and the disturlMinces caused, added much to the burden of the government
"The novelty of the task for the United States and her people, the lack of
the existence of a trained body of colonial administrators and civil servants,
the dependence iPor a time upon men as government agents who had come out in
a spirit of adventure to the islands and some of whom proved not to be fitted
either by eharacter or experience for the discharge of responsible public duties,
gave additional cause for discouragement
"Another great difficulty in working out our policy in these islands has been
the reluctance of capitalists to invest money here. Political privileges, if
unaccompanied by opportunities to better their condition, are not likely to pro-
duce permanent contentment among a i)eople. Hence the political imix>rtance of
developing the resources of these islands for the benefit of its inhabitants.
This can only be done by attracting capital. Capital must have the prosi)ect of
security In the investment and a certain return of profit before it will become
available. The constant agitation for independence in the islands, apparently
supported by the minority party in the United States, and the well-founded fear
that an independent Philippine government now established would not be per-
manent and stable have made capitalists chary of attempting to develop the
natural resources of the islands. The capital which has come has only come
reluctantly and on terms less favorable to the public than would have been
exacted under other conditiona
"Another difficulty of the same character as the last in preventing material
progress has been the failure of Congress to open the markets of the United
States to the free admission of Philippine sugar and tobacco. In every other
way Congress has shown its entire and generous sympathy with the i)oIlcy of
the Administration ; and in this matter the popular branch of that body i^assed
the requisite bill for the purpose by a large majority. Certain tobacco and
sugar interests of the United States, however, succeeded in strangling the
measure in the Senate committee. I have good reason for hoi>e that in the
next Congress we may be able to secure a compromise measure which shall
restore the sugar and tobacco agriculture of the islands to its former prosiHjrIty,
and at the same time by limitations upon the amounts of importation allay the
fears of injury on the part of the opponents of the measure. Still, the delay
in this much-needed relief has greatly retarded the coming of prosperous times
and has much discouraged supporters of our policy in America who have
thought this indicated a lack of national purpose to make the present altruistic
policy a success.
" But the one thing that interfered with material progress in the islands,
more than all other causes put together, was the rinderpest which carried away
from 75 to 80 per cent of the cattle that were absolutely indis^iensable in culti-
218 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
vating, reaping, and disiwsing of the agricultural products upon which the
Islands are wholly dei)eudeut. The extent of this terrible disaster can not be
exaggerated and the islands have not yet recovered from it. Attempts to
remedy the evil by the importation of cattle from other countries have proved
futile, and the Islands can not be made whole In this respect excei)t by the
natural reproduction of the small fraction of the animals that escaix*d destruc-
tion. This is not a matter of a year, or of two years, or of three years, but a
matter of a decade. Then, too, there were in these years surra, locusts, drought,
destructive typhoons, cholera, bubonic plague, and smallix)x, ladronism, and
pulajanlsm. The long period of disturbance, of guerrilla warfare and unrest,
which interfered for years with the carrying on of the peaceful arts of agri-
culture and made it so easy for those who had been used to work in the fields
to assume the wild and loose life of predatory bands claiming to be liberating
armies, all made a burden for the community that it \^as almost impossible for
it to bear.
" When I consider all these difficulties, which I have rehearsed at too great
length, and then take account of the present conditions In the Islands, it seems
to me that they present an occasion for profound satisfaction and that they
fully vindicate the policy which has been pursued.
" IIow have we met the difficulties? In the first place, we have carried out
with entire fidelity the promises of Presidents McKinley and Roosevelt in re-
spect to the gradual extension of political control in the government as the
peoi»le should show themselves fit. In 1901 the Commission adopted the munici-
pal code, which vested complete autonomy In the adult male citizens of every
municipality in the islands, except that of Manila, which for special reasons,
like those which have prevailed with respect to the government of the city of
Washington, was preserved for control by the central government. The elec-
torate was limited to those who could speak English or Spanish, or who paid a
tax of W5 a year, or who had filled municipal office under the Spanish regime,
and did not exceed 20 per cent of the total adult males of the population. Very
shortly after this a form of provincial government was established in which
the legislative and executive control of the province was largely vested in a
provincial board consisting of a governor and treasurer and supervisor. Pro-
vision was made for the election of a governor and the appointment imder
clvll-servlce rules of a treasurer and supervisor. Subsequently it was found
that the government was too exi)ensive and the office of supervisor was finally
abolished, and after some four years the board was made to consist of a gov-
ernor and treasurer, and a third member electcnl as the governor was, thus
effecting popular autonomy in the provincial governments. And now comes
the assembly.
"It is said by one set of critics, to whom I have already referred, that the
franchise Is the last privilege that ought to be granted In the development of a
people into a self-governing community, and that we have put this into the
hands of the Flllplijos before they have shown themselves to be Industrially
and In other ways capable of exercising the self-restraint and conservatism of
action which are essential to iK)lltlcal stability. I can not agree with this view.
The best political education Is practice in the exercise of political i>ower, unless
the subject Is so Ignorant as to be wholly l)lind to his own Interests. Hence the
exercise of a franchise which is conferred only on those who have qualifica-
tions of education or proi)erty that prove intelligence and substance, is likely
to teach the electorate useful political lessiuis. The electorate under the rhlllp-
pine law are sufficiently alive to their own interests to make the exercise of
political power a useful training for them, while, the i)ower to be exerclsinl Is
subject to such limitation as not to be dangerous to the community. More than
this, the granting of the franchise was most useful in producing tranquillity
among the iHH)ple. The policy has been vindicated by the fact.
*• The Importance of the agency of the Army of the Ignited States in sup-
pressing insurrection I would not minimize In the least; but all who rememl>er
clearly the succession of events from lf)01 to 1003 will admit that the return
to i)eace and the ac(iulescence of the Filipino |)eople In American sovereignty
were greatly Influenced and aided by the prosjiect held out to the Filipinos of
participation in the government of the islands and a gradual extension of i)op-
ular self-control. Without this and the confidence of the Filipino in^ople in
the good puri)oses of the I'nltwl States and the patience with which tliey en-
dureil their many burdens that fate seemed to increase, the progress which has
been achieved would have been lmiK>S8iblc.
REPORT OP THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 219
»
" Let us consider in some detail what progress has been made:
"First To repeat what I have>3aid, the islands are in a state of tranquillity.
On this very day of the opening of the National Assembly there has never been
a time in the history of the Islands when peace and good order have prevailed
more generally. The difficulties presented by the controversies arising with and
concerning the Roman Catholic Church have either l)€en completely settled or
are in process of satisfactory adjustment on a basis of justice and equity.
" Second. Most noteworthy progress has been made in the spread of general
education. One of the obstacles to the development of this people speaking half
a dozen or more different native dialects was a lack of a common language, which
would furnish a medium of sympathetic touch with modern thought and civiliza-
tion. The dense ignorance of a very large proportion of the people emphasized
the necessity for a general educational system. English was the language of
the sovereign power, English was the business language of the Orient, English
was the language in which was thought and written ,the history of free institu-
tions and popular government, and English was the language to which the com-
mon people turned with eagerness to learn. A system of education was built up,
and to-day upward of half a million children are being taught to read, write,
and recite English. It is not an exaggeration to assert that now more native
Filipinos speak English than Spanish, although Spanish was the language of the
ruling race in these islands for more than two hundred and fifty years. English
is not so beautiful as the Spanish language, but it is more likely to prove of use
to the Filipinos for the reasons I have given. The strongest basis for our con-
fidence in the future of the Filipino people is the eagerness with which the op-
portunities extended for education in English have been seized by the poor and
ignorant parents of these islands for their children. It is alike pathetic and
encouraging.
" I am not one of those who believe that much of the public money should be
expended here for university or advanced education. Perhaps one institution
merely to form a type of higher education may be established at Manila or at
some other suitable place in the islands, and special schools to develop needed
scientific professions may be useful, but the great part of the public funds ex-
pended for education should be used In the spread of primary education and of
industrial education — that education which shall fit young men to be good farm-
ers, good mechanics, good skilled laborers, and shall teach them the dignity of
labor and that it is no disgrace for the son of a good family to learn his trade
and earn his livelihood by it. The higher education is well for those who can
use it to advantage, but it too often fits a man to do things for which there is no
demand and unfits him for work which there are too few to do. The enlarge-
ment of opportunity for higher education may well await private beneficence or
be postponed to a i>eriod when the calls upon the island treasury for other more
lmi>ortant improvements have ceased. We have laid the foundation of a
primary and industrial educational system here which, if the same spirit con-
tinues in the government, will prove to be the most lasting benefit which has
been conferred on these islands by Americans.
** Third. We have introduced here a health department which is gradually
teaching the people the necessity for sanitation. In the years to come, when
the great discoveries of the world are recited, that which will appear to have
played as large a part as any in the world's progress in the current hundred
years will be the discovery of proper stmltary methods for avoiding disease in
the Tropics. The Introduction of such methods, the gradual teaching of the
piH)ple the simple facts affecting hygiene, unpopular and difficult as the process
of education has been, will prove to be another one of the great l>enefits given
by Americans to this i)eople.
**The efforts of the government have not been confined to preserving the
health of the human inhabitants of these islands, but have been properly ex-
tended to doing what can be done In the matter of the health of tbe domestic
animals which is so indispensable to the material progress of the Islands. The
destruction by rinderi>est, by surra, and by other diseases to which cattle and
horses are subject I have already dwelt upon. Most earnest attention has been
given by men of the highest scientific attainment to securing some remedy which
will make such widespread disasters in the future impossible. Much time and
effort and money have* been spent and much has been accomplished in this
matter. The people are being educated in the necessity for care of their cattle
and for inviting in public aid at once when the dread rlnderi)est shows Its pres-
ence. Serums have been discovered that have been effective to immunize cat-
320 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
tie, and while the disease has not disappeared, it is not too much to say that
such an epidemic as that which visited the islands in 1900, 1901, and 1902 is
impossible.
"Fourth. A judicial system has been established In the islands which has
taught the Filipinos the possibility of the independence of a Judiciary. This
must be of enduring good to the people of the islands. The personnel of the
judges is divided between Americans and Filipinos, both for the purpose of aid-
ing the Americans to learn and administer civil law and of enabling the Fili-
pinos to learn and administer justice according to a system prevailing in a coun-
try where the judiciary is absolutely Independent of the executive or legislative
branches of the Government. Charges have been made that individual judges
and particular courts have not been free from executive control and have not
been without prejudices arising from the race of the particular judge who sat
in the court, but on the whole an impartial review of the six years* history of
the administration of justice will show that the system has been productive of
the greatest good and that right has been sustained without fear or favor. It
is entirely natural that a system which departs from the principles of that in
which one has been educated should at times attract his severe animadversion,
and as the system here administered partakes of two systems, it is subject to
the criticism of those trained in each.
** Another agency in the administration of justice has been the constabulary.
When I was here something more than two years ago, the complaints against
that body were numerous, emphatic, and bitter. I promised, on behalf of the
Philippine government and the Washington Administration, that close investi-
gation should be made into the complaints and that if there was occasion for
reform, that reform would be carried out. It gratifies me on my return to the
islands now to learn that a change has come, that the complaints against the
constabulary have entirely ceased, and that it is now conceded to be discharging
with efliciency the function which it was chiefly created to perform, of sympa-
thetically aiding the provincial governors and municipal authorities of the
islands in maintaining the T>eace of each province and each municipality, and
that there Is a thorough spirit of cooi)eration between the oflicers and men of the
constabulary and the local authorities.
" In resi)ect to the administration of justice by justices of the peace, reforms
have been eflPected, but I am not sure that there Is not still great room for im-
provement. This is one of the things that come home close to the i)e<)ple of the
country and is a subject that will doubtless address itself to the wise action and
consideration of the National Assembly.
" Fifth. ^Ve come to the matter of public improvements. The port of Manila
has been made into a harbor which is now as secure as any in the Orient, and
which, w^lth the docking facilities that are now being rapidly constructed, will
be as convenient and as free from charge and burden as any along the Asiatic
coast. The Improvements in Iloilo and Cebu harbors, the other two important
l)orts of the islands, are also rapidly progressing. Hoad building has proceeded
in the islands, both at the instance of the central government and through the
agency of the provinces. The diflicultles of road building and road maintaining
in the I'hilipplnes are little understood by those not familiar with the difficulty
of securing proper material to ivslst the enormous wear and tear caused by the
torrential downiwurs of the rainy season. Progress in this direction must neces-
sarily be gradual, for the islands are a poor country, comparatively speaking,
and roads are expensive.
•* Early in the history of the islands we began the construction of a road from
Pangasinan to the mountains of Benguet in order to bring within the reach of
the people of the islands that healthful region where the thermometer varies
from 40** to 80°, and in which all the diseases of the Tropics are much more
easily subject to cure than In the lowlands. Had it been supimsed that the road
thus' to be constructed would involve an expense of nearly $2,000,000, the
work would not have been begun, but, now that the road has been con-
structed, I would not undo what has been done even If It were possible. As
time progresses, the whole Province of Benguet will be settled; there will be
made the home of many educational institutions, of many sanitariums, and there
will go, as transportation becomes cheaper, the Filipino i>eople to obtain a
change of air and acquire a renewed strength that is given to tropical peoples by
a visit to the temperate zone.
" When the Americans came to the Islands there was one railroad 120 miles
long, and that was all. In spite of circumstances, which I have already de-
tailed, making caiiital reluctant to come here, contracts have now been entered
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 221
Into, that are In the course of fulfillment, which in five years will give to the
islands a railroad mileage of 1,000 miles. The construction of these roads will
involve the investment of $20,Q00,000 to $30,000,000, and that in itself means an
added prosperity to the country, additional demands for labor, and the quicken-
ing of all the nerves of trade. When the work is finished, it means a great addi-
tional profit to agriculture, a very great enlargement of the exiwrt capacity of
the islands, and a substantial elevation of the material condition of the people.
" In the matter of municipal improvements, which directly concern the i)eople,
that which has taken place in Manila is most prominent The improvement
of the streets, the introduction of a satisfactory street railway system 35 miles
in length, the improvement of the general appearance of the city and its hygienic
condition, the construction of new waterworks and a new sewage system, all
strike one who knew the city in 1900. The improvements of other mun4cipallties
in the islands have not kept pace with those in Manila, and of course they were
not so imperatively needed ; but the epidemics of cholera and plague and small-
pox which have prevailed have convinced those in authority of the necessity
of bettering the water supply of all municipalities and for improving this by
the sinking of artesian wells and other means, so that bad water, that frightful
source of the transmission of disease, should be reduced to a minimum.
"The government now maintains and operates a more complete system of
posts, telephones, and telegraphs than ever before In the history of the islands.
Seventy-five per cent of the 652 municipalities now established In these islands
have post-offices. In 235 of which there are now opened for business postal savings
banks. The telegraph or telephone now connects all of the provincial capitals
with Manila and more than 90 offices are now open for business. Appropriation
has been made to provide for a system of rural free delivery. In less than one
year of operation the postal savings bank has deposits exceeding ^600,000, and
the number of Filipino dei)osltors now exceeds 1,000, and the proiwrtlon of their
de|)08its is steadily Increasing.
" Sixth. We fiave inaugurated a civll-servlce law for the selection of civil
servants upon the merit system. On the whole It has worked well. It has
grown with our experience and has Improved with the disclosure of its defects.
" One of the burning questions which constantly presents itself in respect to
the civil service of a government like this is, how far it sliall be American and
how far Filipino. In the outset it was essential that most of the civil servants
of the Government should be Americans. The Government was English speak-
ing, and the practical difficulty of having subordinates who did not speak that
language prevented large employment of Filipinos. Then their lack of knowl-
edge of their American governmental and business methods had the same ten-
dency. The avowed policy of the government has been to employ Filipinos
wherever, as between them and Americans, the Filipinos can do equally good
work. This has given rise to frequent and bitter criticism, because It has been
Improperly assumed that every time there has been a vacancy, it could be
filled by a Filipino. There are two great advantages in the employment of Fili-
pinos, one is that this is the government of the Filipinos and they ought to be
employed where they can be, and the other is that their employment is a matter
of economy for the government, because they are able to live more cheaply and
economically in the islands than Americans and so can afford to receive less
salary. There has therefore been a constant reduction of American employees
and an increase of Filipinos. This has not been without Its disadvantage be-
cause It makes competent American employees feel an uncertainty of tenure,
and materially affects their hope of promotion and their Interest In the govern-
ment of which they are a part. This disadvantage I believe can be largely
obviated.
" There are many American civil servants in this government who have ren-
dered most loyal, difficult, and efficient service. In season and out of season,
through plague and epidemic. In sickness and in health, in full sympathy with
the purposes and policy of the government. Without them our government
would have been a complete failure. They will never receive adequate reward.
Their interest In their work has prevented their return to their native land,
where the same energy and efficiency would have earned them large return.
They are most valuable public servants who have done a work that, had they
done It In the English colonial service or at home, would have been certain to
secure to them a permanent salary and entire freedom from anxiety as to the
future. I would be glad to see adopted a system of permanent tenure and
retirement on pensions for the small and higher classes of civil employees.
Their continuance in the government indefinitely is a public necessity. I
222 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
sincerely hope the Philippine Assembly will exhibit its spirit of justice and
public interest to the point of concurring In such a measure even though this
at present will be of benefit to more Americans than Filipinos.
"Seventh. In the progress which has been made, I should mention the land
system, the provision for homestead settlement, for free patents, and for per-
fecting of imperfect titles by land registration. The homestead settlements
under the law were very few for several years, but I am delighted to learn
that during 1907 they reached 4,000 and the free patents applied for were
10,600. It is probable that the machinery for land registration, though neces-
sary, is too expensive, and it will be for you to decide whether, in view of the
great public benefit that good land titles will bring to the country, it may not be
wise to reduce the cost of registration to the landowner and charge the expense
to the government. Capital will not be advanced to the farmer unless his title
is good, and the great benefit of an agricultural bank can never be realized
until the registration of titles is greatly Increased.
"This naturally brings me to the subject of the agricultural bank. After
much effort Congress was induced to pass an act which authorizes the Philippine
government to invite the organization of such a bank with private capital by
guaranteeing an annual income of a certain percentage on the capital invested
for thirty years. Negotiations have been opened and are pending with some
American capitalists in the hoiie of securing the establishment of such a bank.
"The condition of agriculture in the islands, while generally much improved
in the last three j^ears, is still unsatisfactory in many parts of the Islands, due
not only to the continued scarcity of cattle but also to the destructive effect of
the typhoon of 1905 upon the hemp culture. This has properly led to the sus-
pension of the land tax for another year and the meeting of half the deficit in
provincial and municipal treasuries thus produced out of the central treasury.
" The production of rice has, however, materially increased. It is also a
source of satisfaction to note that the exports from the islands, which are
wholly agricultural, are larger In value by half a million gold dollars than ever
in the history of the islands. One of the chief duties of this assembly is to
devote Its attention and practical knowledge to measures for tha relief of
agriculture.
" Eighth. The financial condition of the Philippine government Is quite satis-
factory, and so, too. Is the state of the money and currency of the Islands.
There is a bonded indebtedness for the purchase of the friar lands amounting
to $7,000,000, for the waterworks and sewage of Manila of $3,000,000, and for
public works amounting to $3,500,000. Sinking funds have been established for all
of these. The price paid for the friar lands was a round one and may result,
after the lands are disposed of. In some net pecuniary loss to the government, but
the political benefit of the purchase was a full justification. The lands will be
disposed of to the tenants as rapidly as the public Interest will permit. The
only other permanent obligation of the government is the contingent liability
on the guaranty of Interest for thirty years on the bonds issued to construct
300 miles of railroad in the Visayas. We may reasonably hope that this obliga-
tion will soon reduce itself to nothing when the roads come Into successful
operation. The governor-general reports to me that the budget for 1908 will
show an income and surplus from last year, without any land tax, from which
it will be possible to pay all the Interest on the bonds and guaranties, all the
Insular expenses, the proper part of the expenses of Manila, $2,000,000 In per-
manent improvements, and still have on hand for contingencies $1,000,000. I
am further advised that the condition of most of the provinces is excellent In
respect to income and surplus.
"It has been necessary to reduce the silver in the Philippine peso to keep
its intrinsic value within the value of 50 cents, gold, at which it Is the duty of
the government to maintain it, and this change is being rapidly carried through
without much difficulty. The benefit to the i)eople, and especially the poorer
and working classes, in the establishment of the gold standard is very great.
It eliminates a gambling feature from the business of the islands that always
worked for the detriment of the Philippine i>eople. We are just carrying
through a settlement with the Spanlsh-Flllplno Bank which I hoi>e will provide
a means of safely adding to the currency of the country and increasing its
elasticity.
" In rwounting these various evidences of progress in the last six years I am
not unmindful that the business of the Islands is still far from prosperous. In-
dec<l, it is noteworthy that so much progress has l)een made in the face of con-
tinued business depression due to the various causes I have elsewhere enumer-
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE * SECRETARY. 228
ate<l ; hut it is a long lane that has no turning and I look forward to the next
decade in the history of the islands as one which will be as prosperous as
this one has been the reverse. Business is reviving, the investment of foreign
capital is gradually increasing and only one thing is needed to insure great
material improvement, and that is the continuance of conservatism in this gov-
enmient I feel confident that the inauguration of this assembly, instead of end-
ing this conservatism as the prophets of evil would have it, will strengthen it.
" Before discussing the assembly, I wish to give attention to one report that
has been spread to the four corners of the globe, and which, if credited, might
have a i^ernicious effect In these islands. I refer to the statement that the
American Government is about to sell the islands to some Asiatic or European
power. Those who credit such a report little understand the motives which
actuated the American people in accepting th'e burden of this government. The
majority of the American people are still in favor of carrying out our Philip-
pine policy as a great altruistic work. They have no selfish object to secure.
There might be a grim and temporary satisfaction to those of us who have been
subjected to severe criticism for our alleged lack of liberality toward the
Filipino people and of symimthy with their aspirations, in witnessing the rigid
governmental control which would be exercised over the people of the islands
under the colonial policy of any one of the powers to whom it is suggesteil
that we are about to sell them; but that would not excuse or Justify the gross
violation, by such a sale, of the implied obligation which we have entered into
with the Filipino people. That obligation presents only two alternatives for
us — one is a permanent maintenance of a popular government of law and
order under American control, and the other, a parting with such control to
the people of the islands themselves after they have become fitted to maintain
a government in which the right of all the inhabitants to life, liberty, and
property shall be secure. I do not hesitate to pronounce the report that the
Government contemplates the transfer of these islands to any foreign power
as utterly without foundation. It has never entered the mind of a single
person in the Government responsible for the Administration. Such a pale must
be the subject of a treaty, and the treaty power in the Government of the
United States is exercised by the President and the Senate, and only upon the
initiative of the President. Hence an Executive declaration upon this subject
Is more authoritative than an Executive opinion as to probable Congressional
action.
" Coming now to the real occasion of this celebration, the installation of the
National Assembly, I wish, for purposes of clearness, to read the section of
the organic act under which this Assembly has been elected :
" * That two years after the completion and publication of the census, in case
such condition of general and complete peace with recognition of the authority
of the United States shall have continued in the territory of said islands not
Inhabited by Moros or other non-Christian tribes and such facts shall have been
certified to the President by the Philippine Commission, the President upon
being satisfied thereof shall direct said Commission to call, and the Commis-
sion shall call, a general election for the choice of delegates to a popular assem-
bly of the iHiople of said territory in the Philippine Islands, which shall be
known as the Philippine Assembly. After said Assembly shall have convened
and organized, all the legislative i)ower heretofore conferred on the Philippine
Commission in all that part of said islands not Inhabited by Moros or other
non-Christian tribes shall be vested in a legislature consisting of two houses —
the Philippine Commission and the Philippine Assembly. Said Assembly shall
consist of not less than* fifty nor more than one hundred members, to be apix)r-
tloned by said Commission among the provinces as nearly as practicable accord-
ing to population : Provided, That no province shall have less than one member :
And provided further. That provinces entitled by population to more than one
memt>er may be divided into such convenient districts as the said Commission
may deem best.
•* * Public notice of such division shall be given at least ninety days prior to
such election, and the elections shall be held under rules and regulations to be
prescribed by law. The qualification of electors in such election shall be the
same as is now provided by law in case of electors In municipal elections. The
members of Assembly shall hold ofl3ce for two years from the first day of Jan-
uary next following their election, and their successoi-s shall be chosen by the
people every second year thereafter. No person shall be eligible to such elec-
tion who is not a qualified elector of the election district in which he may be
chosen, owing allegiance to the United States, and twenty-five years of age.
224 REPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
** * The Legislature shall hold annual sessions, commencing on the first Monday
of February in each year and continuing not exceeding ninety days thereafter
(Sundays and holidays not included) : Provided, That the first meeting of the
Legislature shall be held upon the call of the governor within ninety days after
the first election : And provided further, That if at the termination of any ses-
sion the appropriations necessary for the support of the government shall not
have been made, an amount equal to the sums appropriated In the last appropri-
ation bills for such purposes shall be deemed to be appropriated ; and until the
I^egislature shall act In such behalf the treasurer may, with the advice of the
governorr make the payments necessary for the purposes aforesaid.
" ' The I^eglslature may be called in special session at any time by the civil
governor for general legislation or for action on such specific subjects as he
may designate. No special session shall continue longer than thirty days, ex-
clusive of Sundays.
" * The Assembly shall be the Judge of the elections, returns, and qualifica-
tions of its members. A majority shall constitute a quorum to do business, but
a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may be authorized to com-
pel the attendance of absent members. It shall choose its speaker and other
ofliccrs, and the salaries of its members and officers shall be fixed by law. It
may determine the rule of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly
behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a member. It shall keep
a Journal of its proceedings, which shall be published, and the yeas and nays of
the members on any question shall, on the demand of one*fifth of those present,
be entered on the Journal.'
" I can well remember when that section was drafted in the private office of
Mr. Root in his house in Washington. Only he and I were present. I urged
the wisdom of the concession and he yielded to my arguments and the section
as then drafted difl'ered but little from the form it has to-day. It was embodied
in a bill presented to the House and passed by the House, was considered by the
Senate, was stricken out in the Senate, and was only restored after a conference,
the Senators in the conference consenting to its insertion with great reluctance.
I had urged its adoption upon both committees, and, as the then governor of the
islands, had to assume a responsibility as guarantor in respect to it which I
have never sought to disavow. I believe that it is a step and a logical step in
the carrying out of the policy announced by President McKinley and that it is
not too radical in the interest of the people of the Philippine Islands. Its effect
is to give to a representative body of the Filipinos a right to initiate legislation,
to modify, amend, shapQ, or defeat legislation proposed by the Commission. The
power to obstruct by withholding appropriations is taken away from the assem-
bly, because if there is not an agreement as to appropriations between the Com-
mission and the assembly, then the appropriations of the previous year will be
continued ; but the power, with this exception, absolutely to veto all legislation
and initiate and shape proposed laws is a most substantial one. The concur-
rence of the Assembly in useful legislation can not but command popular sup-
port for its enforcement; the discussion in the Assembly and its attitude must
be informing to the executive and to the other branch of the Legislature, the
Commission, of what a re the desires of the people. The discharge of the functions
of the Assembly must give to the chosen representatives of the Philippine elec-
torate a most valuable education in the responsibilities and difficulties of prac-
tical government. It will put them where they must Investigate not only the
theoretical wisdom of proposed measures, but also the question whether they
can be practically enforced and whether, where expense is involved, they are
of sufficient value to Justify the Imposition of a financial burden upon the people
to carry them out. It will bring the members of the Assembly as representa-
tives of the people into close relation with the Executive, who will be most
anxious to preserve a harmony essential to efficient government and progres-
sive, useful measures of reform.
" Critics who do not sympathize with our Philippine policy, together with those
who were reluctant to grant this measure of a legislative assembly to the Phil-
ippine people at this time, have not been slow to comment on the result of the
election as an Indication that we are going too fast. I differ entirely from the
view of these critics as to the result of this election and the inferences to be
drawn from it.
" The small total vote as compared w^lth the probable number of the total elec-
torate shows that a considerable majority of those entitled to vote did not ex-
ercise the privilege. This indicates either an indifference or a timidity that we
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 325
wonid not find In a people more used to the wielding of political power ; but it
affords no reason for supposing that as the Assembly proves its usefulness and
important power, the ratio of votes to the total electorate will not rapidly in-
crease.
"The election was held without disturbance. In many districts there were
bitter controversies, but the complaints of fraud, violence, or bribery are insig-
nificant. Although the government was supposed to favor one party, and was
subject to much criticism in the campaign, no one has been heard to say that
the power of the Executive was exerted in any way improperly to influence the
election. This furnishes a good object lesson.
"A popular majority of those who exercise the franchise have voted for repre-
sentatives announcing a desire for the Immediate separation of the islands from
the United States. This majority is a small one when the returns are care-
fully considered and is much less than the ratio between the party representa-
tives in the assembly would lead one to suppose. However, assuming a decided
majority for immediate independence, the result is one which I thought possi-
ble even while I was urging»the creation of the assembly. It is not a dlsap-
IX)intment. If It indicated that a majority of the representatives elected by the
people were a body of irreconcilables determined to do nothing but obstruct the
present government, it would indeed be discouraging; but I am confident from
what I know and hear of the gentlemen who have been elected that while many
of them differ with me as to the time in which the people of the islands will
become fit for complete self-government, most of them have an earnest desire
that this government shall be carried on In the interests of the people of the
Philippines and for their benefit, and shall be made for that purpose as effective
as possible. They are thus generally conservative. Those whose sole aim Is to
hold up the government to execration, to win away the sympathy of the people
in order to promote disturbance and violence, have no proper place In this
Assembly. Had the Filipino people sent such a majority, then I should have to
admit that the granting of the Assembly was a mistake and that Congress must
abolish It.
" It has been reported in the Islands that I was coming here for the purpose
of expressing, in bitter and threatening words, my disappointment at the result
of the election. Nothing could be further from my purpose, nothing could be
less truly descriptive of my condition of mind. I am here, filled with a spirit of
friendship and encouragement for these members, who now enter upon a new
field in which they have much to learn, but where everything can be learned
and this duty most efficiently discharged If they are led by an earnest desire to
assist and gjiide the government In aiding the people. I have no right to appeal
to the members of this Assembly to conduct themselves In the discharge of their
high duties In a manner to vindicate me In the responsibility I assumed In urg-
ing Congress to establish this Assembly, because they should find a stronger
reason for so doing In their sworn duty ; but It Is not inappropriate for me to
touch on this personal feature of the situation, because my attitude has been
misconstrued and my sympathetic Interest In and hope for the success and use-
fulness of this National Assembly have not been properly stated.
** I venture to point out a number of things that you will learn In the course
of your legislative experience. One Is that the real object of a legislature Is to
formulate si)eclflc laws to accomplish specific purposes and reforms and to sup-
press specific evils; that he makes a useful speech who studies the question
which he discusses and acquires and Imparts practical Information by which
the remedies offered can be seen to be applicable to the evil complained of; that
the office of a legislator for a great country like this is one that can be dis-
charged con8<*iontlously only by the use of great labor, careful, painstaking
investigation and hard work In the preparation of proposed measures. One of
the most necessary traits in a successful legislator or executive Is patience.
Where the sudden change In that which Is regarded as a wrong system may
paralyze a necessary arm of the government, ways and means must be devised
to bring about the change gradually. There will be a temptation to take up
measures which will Invite the support of popular prejudice rather than meas-
ures which will really accomplish good for the body politic. Such a temptation
exists in older legislative bodies than this, and we can not hope that It will be
absent from here; but, In the end, the man who exerts the most Influence In
this body and among the people will be the man who devotes most conscien-
tiously his time to acquiring the information upon which legislation should be
based and in explaining It to his colleagues and his people. The man who Is
seeking to put his adversary or the government in an embarrassing situation
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 15
226 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
may win temporary triumph; but the man who himself feels responsibility of
government, and who, while not concealing or failing to state the evils which
he considers to exist in the government, is using every effort to reform those
evils, will ultimately be regarded as the benefactor of his country.
"I have not the time and doubtless not the information which would Justify
me in pointing out to the assembly the various subjects-matter to which they
may profitably devote their attention with a view to the formulation of useful
legislation. They will properly feel called upon to devote their attention to
public economy in the matter of the numerous governmental bureaus which
have been made the subject of criticism. It is quite possible that they may
find In their investigations into these matters reasons for cutting off officers
and bureaus, but I sincerely hope that no such effort will be made until a full
investigation is had into the utility of the functions which the bureau performs
and the possibility of dlsi^enslng with them. I can remember that while I was
governor there was much outcry against the extravagance of maintaining cer-
tain bureaus which in subsequent crises in the public welfare proved their great
usefulness beyond cavil. Of course we shall encounter in this investigation and
discussion a radical difference between legislators and others as to the function
which a government in these Islands ought to perform. It is entirely easy to
run an economical government if all that you do is to maintain order and if
no steps are taken to promote health, to promote education, and to promote the
general welfare of the inhabitants. It is of course the object of the person
charged with the duty of governing a country to reach the golden mean — ^that
is, to make governmental provisions for the welfare of the people without impos-
ing too great a tax burden for the purpose. The taxes in this country are
imposed partly by the legislature and partly by Congress. The former will con-
stantly have your attention. In so far as the welfare of the country is affected
by the latter, to wit, the customs duties, and can be improved by a change of
them, it would be wise for the legislature to devote much time and thought to
recommendations to Ck)ngress as to how they should be changed, for I doubt
not that Congress will be willing and anxious to take such steps as may com-
mend themselves to the people of the islands in the matter of adjustment of
duties, having regard to the raising of sufficient revenue on the one hand and
to as little interference with useful freedom of trade as possible on the other.
"As you shall conduct your proceedings and shape your legislation on patri-
otic, intelligent conservative, and useful lines, you will show more emphatically
than in any other way your right and capacity to take part in the government
and the wisdom of granting to your Assembly nnd to the people that elected you
more power. There are still many possible intervals or steps between the
power you now exercise and complete autonomy. Will this Assembly and its
successors manifest such an interost in the welfare of the people and such clear-
headed comprehension of their sworn duty as to call for a greater extension of
political power to this body and to the people whose representative it is? Or
shall it, by neglect, obstruction, and absence of useful service, make it neces-
sary to take away its existing powers on the ground that they have been pre-
maturely granted? Vpon you falls this heavy responsibility. I am assured
that you will meet it with earnestness, courage, and credit.
" In closing, I can only renew my congratulations upon the auspicious begin-
ning of your legislative life in a fair election, and to express to you my heart-
felt sympathy in the work which you are about to undertake, and my confidence
that you will Justify in what you do, and do not do, the recommendations of
those who are responsible for that section in the organic act that has given life
to this As.sembly."
Upon the completion of the address and at the direction of the Secretary of
War the executive secretary read the list of delegates elected according to the
records of his office, with a request that each member rise as his name was
called. The reading of the roll resulted as follows :
Present— Macario Adrlatlco, Mindoro; Felipe Agonclllo, Batangas; Marcelino
Aguas, Pampanga; Quiremon Alkuino, Leyte; Tomils Almonte, Albay; Jos<5
Altavas, Caplz; Juan Alvear, Pangaslnan; Tomfts Arejola, Ambos Camarines;
Andres Asprer, La Union; Amando Avancefia, Hollo; Alberto Barretto, Zam-
bales; Autlqulo Bolles, Bohol; Candelarlo Borja, Bohol; Caslano Causing, Cebu;
Gregorlo Cntlgbac, Batangas: Pedro Chaves, Sorsogon; Nicasio P. Claravall,
Isabela; JosC Clarln, Bohol; Melecio Cojuangco, Tarlac; Carlos Corrales, Misa-
mls; Manuel Corrales, Misamls; Eugenlo Daza, Samar; Salvador Demeterio,
I^yte; Reglno Dorlllo, Hollo; Vicente SIngson Encarnaclon, Ilocos Snr; Ix)renzo
Fenoy, Pangaslnan; Isauro Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija; Emiliano Gala, Tayabas;
BBPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE BECRETABY. 227
Troadio Gallcano, Cebu ; Domlnador Gomez, Manila ; Matlas Gonzales, Pangasi-
nan ; Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Manila ; Leon Ma. Guerrero, Bulacan ; Pablo Guz-
man, Cagayan ; Adriano Hernanzez, Iloilo ; Carlos A. Imperial, Albay ; Nicolas
Jalandonl, Iloilo ; Irineo Javier, I locos Norte ; Antonio Jayme, Occidental Negros ;
Pedro V. Jimenez, Antique; Salvador Laguda, Iloilo; Gabriel Lasan, Cagayan;
Jos^ M. Lerma, Bataan; Vicente IxK?sin, Oriental Negros; Cayetano Lncban,
Rizal; Dionlsio Mapa, Occidental Negros; Monico Mercado, Pampanga ; Maxi-
mino Mina, Ilocos Sur; Simeon Mobo, Capiz; Agustin Montilla, Occidental
Negros; Crispin Oben, La Laguna; Eusobio. Orense, Batangas; Sergio Osmefia,
Cebu ; Nicanor Padllla, Pangasinan ; Rafael Palma, Cavite ; Pedro A, Patemo,
La Laguna; Santiago Patero, Palawan ;. Florentino Pefiaranda, Leyte; Bugenio
Plcazo, Capiz ; Aurelio Pineda, Tarlac ; Baldomero Pobre, Ilocos Norte ; Manuel
Quezon, Tayabas; Bartolome Revilla, Rizal; Manuel Rey, Ambos Camarines;
Deogracias Reyes, Pangasinan ; Angel Roco, Albay ; Celestino Rodriguez, Cebu ;
Pedro Rodriguez, Cebu; Honorio Rosales, Samar; Leopoldo Rovira, Oriental
Negros ; Alejandro Ruiz, Cebu ; Francisco Sandueta, La Union ; Luciano Sinko,
Samar; Francisco Soriano, Surigao; Filemon Sotto, Cebu; Aguedo Velarde,
Bulacan ; Vicente de Vera, Sorsogon ; Jaime C. De Veyra, Leyte : Juan Villamor,
Ilocos Sur.
Absent — Francisco Alvarez, Ambos Camarines.
Number present, 79 ; number absent, 1.
The Secretaby of War: "The call of the roll discloses the presence of 79
of the persons who appear by the returns to have been elected to this Assembly
out of a total of 80, and so shows the presence of a full majority.
" By authority of the President of the United States, I therefore declare the
Philippine Assembly oi)en for the transaction of business. (The hour was 12
o'clock meridian.)
" With the permission of the members of the Assembly and by arrangement
of the governor-general and the Commission, I invite Bishop Barlin to pronounce
the invocation."
Bishop Barlin thereupon pronounced the invocation in the Spanish language,
as follows:
" To Thee, O Most High Creator, omnipotent, sole king great and most ter-
rible, who reignest with eternal majesty over the universe and over everything
therein existing, as the one Lord God, who created it with Thy power, put it in
order with Thy wisdom, sustains it with Thy goodness and governs it with Thy
Providence; to Thee, word of God on highest, in whom the light of intelligence
exists from eternity, and with which Thou enlightenests every man who comes
into this world ; to Thee, fount of wisdom, whose currents are eternal command-
ments, from right and from justice, for man and for States, for families and for
societies, for peoples and for nations, for tribes and for empires; to Thee, O
Father of light, from whom^cometh every perfect gift, counsel and equity, pru-
dence and fortitude; to Thefe, in whose hands are the riches and the glory, the
opulence and the justice of nations; to Thee, by whom rulers govern with wis-
dom, and law-givers decree just laws, and the princes and the heads of peoples
command good things and the judges administer justice; we invoke Thee to-day,
in the great day of our history, in the day when the Fili|)ino people, a people
who confess and adore Thee, come together for the first time to deliberate over
their future destinies. Shower on their noble representatives the abundance of
Thy gifts, light on their intelligence, firmness on their will, rectitude, nobility,
and decision on their acts, prudence and skill on all their decisions ; so that they
may decree what will be good and useful for the people, that which will con-
tribute to their greatest happiness and greatness, which will make them walk
pJways in the path of true human progress, to the glorious summits of sound
liberty and independence, where dwells the noble and great nation to which
Thou hast entrusted the continuance and consummation of the work of their
moral and political aggrandizement. Bless also, O Omnipotent God, the nation
under whose protecting aegis Thou hast placed the direction and safeguarding
of our social life, our peace, and our liberty. For its sentiments and practice of
justice Thou hast made it great and strong. Thou hast exalted it with majesty
and power over many peoples ; cause It, O God, in carrying out the mission that
Thou hast confided to it, to make the Filipino people great and happy among
the other great peoples of the earth. — Amen."
The Secretary op War : " The assembly having been opened for business what
is its pleasure? In the absence of projjer organization and for the purpose of
facilitating action, any motion now presented will be submitted by me to the
aBsembly."
228 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Sergio Osmena, delegate-elect from Cebu, was recognized and moved " that
the meeting do now adjourn to meet again at 5 o'clock this afternoon at the
marble hall of the ayuntamiento." The motion was seconded by Eugenic
Picazo, delegate-elect from Capiz.
The yeas and nays being taken, the yeas prevailed.
It being 12 o'clock and 15 minutes p. m., the Secretary of War, presiding,
thereupon declared the assembly adjourned " to meet again this afternoon at
5 o'clock at the marble hall of the ayuntamiento," and directed the secretary
to have prepared and furnished to the Assembly at the meeting of this after-
noon a certified copy of the minutes of the morning's proceedings.
Wm. H. Donovan,
Secret ary, Philippine Commission, Reporter.
I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true record of the proceedings had
at the opening of the Philippine Assembly, held this the 16th day of October,
A. D. 1907.
A. W. Febqusson,
Executive Secretary.
Exhibit M.
JOINT CONVENTION OF THE PHILIPPINE LEGISLATTTKE.
Journal ok the Philippine Legislature.
IN JOINT convention.
Assembly Hall, Manila, P. I.,
Thursday, October i7, J907.
At 3 o'clock p. m. the Commission and the assembly met in joint convention.
Governor-General James F. Smith, ex-officio president of this Commission,
assumed the chair on the Invitation of the president of the assembly.
The secretary of the Commission was directed to call the roll of the Com-
mission.
The roll was called and the following members answered to their names:
Conimisfiioners Worcester, Tavera, Legarda, Luzuriaga, Forbes, Shuster, the
President.
The presiding officer then requested the recorder of the Assembly to call the
roll of the Assembly.
The roll of the assembly was called, with the following result :
Present. — Macario Adriatico, Felii)e Agoncillo, Quiremon Alkuino, Tomd»
Almonte, Jose Altavas, Francisco Alvarez, Juan Alvear, TomAs Arejola, Mar-
celino Aguas, Andres Asprer, Amando Avanceila,, Alberto Barretto, Kutiquio
Boiles, Candelario Borjn, Casiano Causing, (Jregorio Catigbac, Pedro Chaves,
Nicasio P. Claravall, Jos<^ A. Clarin, Melecio Cojuangco, Carlos Corrales.
Manuel C\>rralos, Kngenio Daza, Salvador Demeterio, Regino Dorillo, Vicente
Singson Encarnaci6u, Lorenzo Fenoy, Isauro Gabaldon, EmiHano Gala, Troadlo
Galicano, Dominador Gomez, Matias Gonzales, Feniando M. Guerrero, I.,eou
M. Guerrero, Pablo Guzman, Adriano Hernandez, Carlos A. Imperial, Nicolas
Jalandoui. Irineo Javier, Antonio Jayme, Pedro V. Jimenez, Salvador I^iguda,
(Jabriel I>asam, Jose M. I/?rma, Vicente I^osln, Cayetano I.ukban, Dionisio
Mapa, Monico Mercado, Maximino Mina, Simeon Mobo, Agustin Montilla,
Crispin Oben, Euaebio Orense, Sergio Osmefia, Nicanor Padilla. Rafael Palma,
Pedro A. Paterno, Santiago Patero, Florentine Pefiaranda, Eugenio Picazo,
Aurelio Pineda, Baldoniero Pol)re, Manuel Quezon, Bartolome Revllla. Manuel
Rey, Deogracias Reyes, Angel Roco, Celestlno Rodriguez, Honorio Rosa tea.
I^oiwldo Rovira, Alejandro Ruiz, Francisco Sandueta, Luciano Sinko, Fran-
cisco Soriano, Filenion Sotto, Aguedo Velarde, Vicente de Vera, Jaime C. de
Veyra, Juan Vlllamor.
A quorum of both houses l>elng present, the presiding officer arose and ad-
dressed the legislature as follows:
*' The Philippine legislature having met in Joint session, the executive pre-
sents his first message and submits it for the consideration of both houses. To
save time, and as all the members of both houses understand Spanish, the
message will be read in Spanish by Mr. Rupert Fergusson, the official inter-
preter."
REPORT OP THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 229
The message of tbe Kovernor-general, which was thereupon read in Span-
ish, as directed, is as follows :
*' To the Philippine Commission and the Philippine Assembly:
" Nine years ago last May the war flags of the United States fluttered over
the waters of Manila Bay and 7,000 men engaged in deadly conflict marked the
beginning of a new rule of national conduct, a new conception of national re-
sponsibility, and a new epoch In the world's history. Then for the first time
since the world began did a nation, flushed with victory and mistress of the fate
of conquered millions, turn her face from earth to heaven, and, catching some
of that divine charity which inspired the Good Samaritan, set herself to lift a
subject people to a higher plane of progress; nay, more, to make them sharers
of all the rights, the privileges, and the liberties which she herself enjoyed. For
her the story of the Good Samaritan was intended by the meek and lowly
Savior as a lesson to nations as well as men, and though the hand extended by
her in amity and brotherly love was roughly thrust aside by those she sought
to aid, though her promises were doubted and her motives suspected, though her
authority was disputed and her friendly advances met open defiance and resist-
ance, she clung to her policy of disinterested benevolence with a tenacity born of
conviction. She knew her neighbor, and while the smoke of battle still hung
over the hills and valleys of the Philippines and every town and barrio in the
islands was smoking hot with rebellion, she replaced the military with a civil
regime and on the smoldering embers of insurrection planted civil government.
" The soldiers of the regular establishment retired to their stations, their bar-
racks, and their garrisons, and from the body of the people but a little while
before In armed resistance to her authority she organized a force of constabu-
lary to protect life and property and to preserve the \yeace and public order.
She has given to every municipality its own government and conferred upon It
ample powers to impose municipal taxes, to Incur obligations within the limit
of Its income, to expend as to it may seem proi)er all municipal revenues except
moneys reserved for schools, and to administer its local affairs through officials
elected by direct vote of the people. Neighboring municipalities having the same
customs and speaking generally the same language have been constituted into
provinces, and provincial boards comi)08ed of a provincial treasurer, api)oInted
by the governor-general, and a provincial governor and third member elected
by popular vote have been created to remedy pflSclal abuses and to exercise Juris-
diction In all matters affecting the welfare and interests in common of the
municipalities within the provincial limits.
"A pure, impartial, and upright Judiciary has been created and an antiquated
method of Judicial procedure, which prolonged litigation and ruined litigants
with the law's delay, has been replaced by one which secures to all who dili-
gently seek its aid a fair hearing without favor, and Justice without price.
" She has established an honest and efiicient civil service and by making the
subordinate oflSces and employments of the government rewards of merit she
lias secured the service from the baneful consequences of political intrigue and
the corrupting influence of a traffic in positions of public trust.
" She has taken a census of the people that she might Intelligently legislate in
their behalf and provided a sanitary organization which, though bitterly op-
posed, has suppressed plague, practically eliminated small[)ox as an endemic
disease, successfully combated cholera, reduced the death rate, and greatly
improved health conditions In those localities in which Its rules have been
respected and enforced.
"While other governments under similar circumstances might have feared
knowledge among the masses of the people, she feared Ignorance, and Ignoring
every selfish argument she has established a system of public Instruction along
practical lines which reaches nearly every nook and corner of the archipelago.
Insular, municipal, and barrio schoolhouses have been erected, hundreds of
teachers imported, and the opportunity for intellectual improvement and educa-
tion brought within the reach of rich and poor alike. She has sent to the home
land intelligent young men and women, natives of the Philippines, that they
might have the advantage of the Instruction given to her own sons and daugh-
ters, so that, becoming acquainted with her laws, her customs, and the practical
workings of popular government, they might return to the land of their birth
prepared to cooperate in the patriotic work of developing, uplifting, and regener-
ating the people of their own race.
** She has constructed 500 miles of highways and roads, hundreds of steel and
concrete bridges, and thousands of concrete culverts.
380 BBPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
*' The weather bureau, which was 'founded by the Jesuit Fathers under the
Spanish Government, has been so extended and amplified that practically at
every port of call in the islands typhoon signals are displayed in ample time to
warn navigators of imi)ending danger.
'* Formerly 25 light-houses and 31 buoys and un lighted beacons helped to
guide the mariner over trackless seas. One hundred and seventeen light-houses
and 107 buoys and unlighted beacons now point the way with certainty to the
longed-for port of destination.
' For five years the labor of charting rocks, reefs, and shoals that menaced
navigation has been steadily pursued and the ten-year task of surveying the
dangerous waters that wash the shores of the Philii)pines engages the attention
of three vessels fully equipped for the work where none was occupied before..
" She has completed the harbor works of Manila, at a cost of more than
M,000,000, and improved the ports of Iloilo and Cebu to the extent of
W,600,000 more.
" She has beautified the city of Manila and so improved its sanitary condition
that the mortuary and health statistics now very favorably compare with many
of her own cities. Many of the streets of the city have been widened and all
of them reconstructed. Large extensions of urban property have been made
available for building puri>08es by the creation of beautiful boulevards and the
building of new avenues of communication.
"A well-disciplined fire department, fully equipped with modem apparatus,
has taken the place of the bucket brigade, and the hand engine, so old *that
the memory of man runneth not to the contrary,' is now a thing of the staid
and stately past.
"The Bridge of Spain has been widened and two costly new steel bridges
have been thrown over the Paslg Illver at convenient points. Two hundred
acres of new-made ground now provide additional space along the harbor
front for the needs of commerce and business, and 30 acres along the bay
shore have been added to the system of city parks and pleasure grounds.
Within a year the city will be blessed with a plentiful supply of pure water,
free from all danger of contamination, and the present costly system of remov-
ing the filth and foulness of a large city will be replaced by a modern sewerage
system imposing but little, if any, burden on the inhabitants.
*' She has netted the islands with lines of telegraph and furnished to those
parts of the archipelago cut off from ways of communication a system of inter-
island transportation and subsidized steamers, which enc^ourages Increased pro-
duction and opens up new markets to the farmer and the Industrial.
** Hindered by almost Insurmountable obstacles, she has established a postal
system which, while defective in many particulars owing to lack of funds,
reasonably meets the needs of business without unduly straining the resources
of a very modest treasury.
" Fifty i)er cent of the tonnage tax lmix)seil upon the smaller vessels has been
removed and the owners of the thousands of lighter craft which ply the rivers
and skirt the shores of the archipelago have been encouraged to extend their
activities for the benefit of commerce and trade.
"To stimulate agricultural pursuits and the planting with marketable and
useful products of the vast areas which now He fallow for lack of transporta-
tion facilities, she has granted concessions for the construction of 750 miles of
railroad and guaranteed interest on the bonds issued for the cost of construction.
•* With the exception of first-group woods, lumber, timber, and other forest
products may, for the construction of dwellings and buildings for personal use,
be cut or extracted from the public forests free from taxes or other government
exactions.
" The public domain has been thrown open to the people for settlement, and
no one may now complain of lack of opportunity to acquire, without cost, land
sufficient to modestly support a family and to build thereon a home with but
little expense save that of his personal labor and energy.
"Agrarian dlfiSculties, which for nearly a quarter of a century were a menace
to the prosperity of many provinces and the peace of the arcbl|)elago, have been
finally settled by the purchase of the landnl properties of the religious orders
and by giving. to tenants an opportunity to acquire, on easy conditions, the
title to holdings which they and their ancestors had cultivated and developed
for generations.
" Finding that the majority of property holders had no title to the lands
occupied and claimed by them as their own and that more than 200,000 claim-
ants to lands and landed estates had no higher title than that of bare posses-
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECBETAEY. 281
sion, she provided an easy and inexpensive method of perfecting Inchoate or
defective titles, and by means of a system of government insurance of the titles
so perfected she has reduced transfers of real property and the obtention of
loans thereon to a minimum of time, of cost, and of difficulty.
** She has abolished the inquisitorial system of criminal investigation and
secured to every citizen, however humble, and whatever his crime, the right
to know the charge against him, the advantage of a si>eedy trial before the*
civil tribunals, and the high privilege of being confronted and of examining at
every stage of the proceedings the witnesses produced against him.
*' Insular prisons are no longer institutions for the promotion of idleness
and the encouragement of the liberated convict to continue his career of crime
because he knows of no better method of gaining a livelihood. The prison
has ceased to be an establishment designed solely for the punishment of the
transgressor and has become a school for the uplifting and regeneration of
those caught in the meshes of the law. If aught remains in him of good, the
prisoner to whom the prison gates are opened starts life again w^ith habits
of industry and a useful trade or occupation. The* spirit of regeneration is
strong within him and he begins a new career confident of himself and sure
that he and the world and all its trials are to meet on more equal terms.
''Animated by the same feeling of pity and sympathy which induced her
to teach and better rather than punish and worsen those whom misfortune or
an evil life had brought within prison walls, she has boldly undertaken the
experiment of establishing a penal colony ruled and managed under govern-
ment supervision by the prisoners themselves. Four hundred prisoners now
guard themselves and maintain order and discipline at Iwahig, in the island
of Palawan, under the supervision of a single man and his assistant No
weapons other than Justice, kindness, and firmness compel obedience to au-
thority. A life of comparative freedom, the busy day, the hope of gain, a sense
of resix)nslbility bred by the trust and confidence reposed in them, and the
expectation that industry and good conduct will obtain the privilege of having
with them their families will, it is hoped, convert the convict into j^ valuable
and useful citizen. It may be that the experiment will prove a failure. But
what if it does? It is worthy of a trial by a nation at once the most altruistic
and most practical of all the world.
" She has taken the leper from the hospital and from his miserable life of
isolation in the fields and has given to him not only a home, but the opi)ortunlty
to follow most of the avocations and pursuits which make life happy or endur-
able to his fellow-men.
" She has sent her agents to the fastnesses of the wild tribes of the moun-
tain and, making her officials the arbiters and the judges of the wild men's
differences and disputes, she has brought them Into touch with the benefits
of a civilized life and by encouraging friendly relations and barter among
them has prepared them to enjoy better things than constant Internecine strife
and mutual destruction.
" In the face of virulent opposition she destroyed without hesitation a sys-
tem of taxation which imposed upon the poor and weak almost the entire
charges of government and for it she has substituted a revenue system which
so distributes the load that every citizen must carry his fair share of the
burdens which every civilized people must bear for the sake of government.
Under similar conditions the taxes are now the same for all who reside in
the Philippines, and the Invidious and annoying distinctions and discrimina-
tions formerly prevailing as to taxes and contributions exacted from Spanish
and native citizens, from citizens of the half-blood, and from Chinese and
European residents, have been entirely removed and abolished.
*• For a variable and fluctuating currency which made trade and business a
gamble and Imposed heavy losses on those little able to pay them she substi-
tuted a stable currency and a settled measure of value.
" She has founded a postal savings bank to guard and invest the savings of
the poor and to inculcate in the masses of the people habits of thrift and fru-
gality.
" She has encouraged private capital to establish an agricultural bank and
has authorized the insular government to guarantee interest on loans made to
the farming and agricultural community.
" She has established a bureau of laboratories, the best equipped and
furnished In all the East, for the scientific investigation of tropical diseases,
whether of men or animals, the manufacture of serums, vaccines, and other
282 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
prophylactics, the study of the vegetable and mineral products of the islands,
and the best means to make them valuable and marketable.
" She has placed the forests of the Philippines and its valuable timbers under
government protection, and by forbidding forest fires and careless and improvi-
dent cutting she has secured for all time the majority of the provinces against
the scarcity of timber which threatened to curse the entire archipelago.
* " Freedom of speech and liberty of the press have been granted to the people
of the Philippines, coupled only with the condition imposed ui)on her own people
that neither shall be used to incite a disturbance of the public peace or the
breaking of the law, and although both rights have been used by the deceived
and unthinking to excite distrust in the minds of the unsuspecting masses and
by the designing and malicious to malign and calumniate the sovereign power,
both rights are as unimpaired to-day as they were on the day on which they
were granted.
"The right of the people to peaceably assemble and petition for redress of
their grievances is as well recognized in the Philippines as it is in the United
States, and the right of every citizen to worship his God at the altar of his own
choosing and to enjoy freedom of religious worship without discrimination,
preference, or favor are a? much a part of the organic law of the Philippines as
they are of the American Constitution.
" These are some of the things which have been accomplished during the nine
years of American rule, three of which were devoted to war and the suppression
of public disorder and rebellion. This is some of the record of accomplishment
of American altruism at which the nations of the world have laughed long and
loud and for which, because It was unsanctioned by precedent and unproved by
experience, those wise in the policies of the past have predicted failure and
disaster. But enough of this. All that the United States has done In the past,
all the sacrifices which she has made, all the patience which she has exercised,
all the blood and treasure which she has expended will not have been in vain
If It shall have taught the people of the Philippines to lay aside unworthy
suspicions which make for failure and to give the trust and confidence which
w^lll bring success.
** With the organization of the Philippine Assembly a new era has commenced
and henceforth the responsibility Imposed upon the Philippine Commission,
appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate of the United States,
will be divided with the representatives elected to the assembly by the Filipino
people.
*• It has been said that the Philippine Assembly enjoys no power and that In
shaping the future of the Islands Its Influence will be practically negative. To
this let It be answered that the rights, privileges, and powers possessed by the
Philippine Assembly are exactly the same as those enjoyed by coordinate
branches of the legislature wherever liberal government prevails. True, It can
pass no law^s without the concurrence of the Philippine Commission ; on the
other hand, It is equally true that no legislative action on the part of the Com-
mission can be effective or have the force of law until It has met the definite
approval of the Assembly.
" The fact that the Assembly Is elected and that the Commission Is not pre-
sents nothing novel to the student of history or to the lawmaker who Is well
acquainted with the comix)sltion of such modern governments as recognize the
right of the people to determine the legislation which Is to govern them.
"The Imperial Diet of Japan Is composed of two chambers — the House of
Peers, made up of the hereditary princes, marquises, counts, viscounts, and
barons of the Empire, and of the House of Representatives, the members of
which are elected by the people.
•• Germany has Its Bundesrath, comix>sed of members appointed by the
former Independent states, and the Reichstag, the members of which are elected
by the people.
'* In Italy the legislative power Is vested In a Senate, the members of which
are princes of the royal house and appointees of the King, and In a Chamber of
Deputies, elected by the people.
" The Reichsrath of Austria is composed of hereditary princes and nobles, of
certain ecclesiastical officials, and the appointees of the Emperor. Some of
the members of the Lower House are elected by direct and others by indirect
vote of the people.
*• England, which is nothing more nor less than a republic with a hereditary
president, vests all legislation In the House of Commons, elected by the people,
BEPOR'? OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETABY.
and in the House of Ijords, composed of hereditary and created peers, the Irish
and Scotch peers, and the bishops of the Church of England.
" Let this be as it may, the Government of the United States and the Philip-
pine Commission consider the Philippine Assembly to be one of the Important
factors In the solution of the delicate problem of aiding and assisting a new
people to permanently secure the rights, ])rlyHeges, and liberties, the enjoyment
of which by other peoples has been the development of a thousand years of trial
and preparation.
** The Commission has gratefully looked forward to the coming of the Assem-
bly In order that some of the grave responsibilities which have hitherto weighed
heavily upon It might be shared with the representatives of the people, who
through their intimate contact with the citizen and with the affairs of govern-
ment will be able to bring about a better appreciation of those public measures
and policies which have hitherto been misunderstood and misinterpreted.
"And this brings me to the consideration of those things which are of the
highest interest to the people of the Islands and to those who represent them In
the Philippine Assembly.
" First of all, let me speak of the burning question of taxation, which has
done so much to breed distrust and dissatisfaction. Complaints have been loud
and deep that interior taxation has been multiplied and that the burdens
of government have been increased by the Commission many times over those
which were Imposed by the previous regime. This would be Important if true,
but fortunately for the credit of the American Government In the Philippine
Islands the facts do not sustain the charge. The following comparative state-
ment o^ taxes imposed by the Philippine Commission and by the Spanish Gov-
ernment, as taken from the auditor's report for the year 190G and the Pre-
supuesto General de Gastos (^ Ingresos de las Islas Flllplnas, will show that
less interior taxes to the extent of $746,000 gold were Imposed by the Philippine
Commission than were Imposed by the Spanish Government. All amounts are
stated in gold coin. Mexican is reduced to gold at the rate of 2 for 1.
Comparative statement for the years 1897 and 1906 of taxes imposed hy the
i^panish (iorernment and the Philippine Commission,
Item.
Insular:
iQtaraal revenue _ — .
Postal and telegraph service _—
MlsceUaoeoua (fees, profltfi, etc.)
Cedulaa (Obinese head tax, non-Chrlstiau tribute, and miscellaneous
direct personal taxes)
Urbana (a form of land tax) _
Industrial _ _
Forestry _ _ _ :_._
United
States Gov
emment,
1906.
$2,592,000
193.000
1.263,000
Opium.
Stamps and stamped paper _
Lotteries _ _ -. -
Provincial (including: city of Manila, except municipal taxes):
Internal revenue ,
Cedulas _ - - ---
Land tax - -
Miscellaneous _
Municipal:
Internal revenue - -..
Oedula* -
Land tax - - - - -.-
Urbana - -
Miscellaneous (including city of Manila purely municipal taxes)
Money value of compulsory labor on public works, computed on the
basis of 1 peseta per diem for fifteen days for each of 1,000,000 men
subject to the tax _ -
Fees and other legal perquisites collected but not covered into the
treasury, as ascertained from official and personal records, but
wbicb, for obvious reasons, is far from complete.
Spanish
Govern-
ment,
1897.
Total - - — 8.4.>3,000
$50,000
98,000
8,478.000
70,000
701,000
ftj.OOO
288,000
sai.ooo
500,000
312,000
426,000 |.
902,000 ;.
52,000 .-
683,000 .
426.000 I
348,000
700,000
7,000
270.000
1,500.000
1,072,000
9,19».000
£x(»s8 collected by Spanish over United States Government, $740,000.
284 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
" In this statement the customs collections under the American Government
and the Spanish Government have not been included for the reason that exports
have Increased from $16,535,000 under the Spanish regime to $33,721,517 under
the> American, and imports from $14,251,000 to $29,606,140. To show that more
interior taxes have been imposed by the Commission than by the Spanish Gov-
ernment it would not only be Incorrect but manifestly unfair to compare the
duties collected on imports and exports which had doubled with the duties 'col-
lected when only half the amount of business was done.
*• If the foregoing statement be correct — and it is — ^the government of the Phil-
ippine Islands now realizes from interior taxation $746,000 gold less than was
collected under the former sovereignty. True, the banker and the farmer, the
merchant and the capitalist pay very much more in taxes now than was ex-
acted from them under the Spanish rule; on the other hand, it should be re-
membered that a heavy burden of taxation has been taken from the shoulders of
the poor and the weak and that all the complaint which has been made as to
taxation is nothing more nor less than a complaint that the burden has been
transferred from those less able to bear it to those who are stronger and better
able to carry the weight. Under the former regime a graded cedula tax was col-
lected on men and women of full age, whereas since the transfer of sovereignty
a tax of but ?1 has been exacted, and that from men only. From cedulas the
Spanish Government derived, according to its Presupuesto General de Gastos €
Ingresos de las Islas Filipinas, ^8,178,000, while n,700,000 measures the full
sum derived annually from the same source under American rule. One million
two hundred and fifty thousand men were liable under Spanish laws for the
prestaci6n personal, a tax of fifteen days* labor on public works, Redu^ng the
number of men to a million and fixing the wage at a peseta a day, the value of
this tax in money reached the comfortable sum of not less than K,000,000.
•"As the present government collects only W,700,000 in cedulas and does not
exact the prestaci6n personal, it is easy to see that on these two items alone the
body and mass of the i)eople have been relieved of a burden of taxation of
W,478,000. all of which loss has been recouped through the imposition of the
land tax and internal-revenue taxes with the exception of «,492,000 ($746,000
gold), which represents clear gain to the people, taken as a whole. The taxes
imposed prior to the change in sovereignty and those imposed since are clearly
set out in the foregoing statement and may be verified by reference to the official
records.
" The Philippine Islands to the number of 3,141 dot the waters of the China
Sea and the Pacific Ocean from 5° to 21° north latitude and from 117** to 126'
east longitude. Their territory covers an area of 127,853 square miles, and they
have a population of 7.635,426. of which number 6,987,086 are civilized and 647,-
740 are uncivilized. The revenue of the insular government, excluding that of
municipalities and provinces, is $11,601,000 gold, or $1^2 gold for each inhab-
itant.
" Cuba is a compact little place, not scattered over a sea of waters, and has an
area of about 44,000 square miles. Her population is 1,572.845 and she enjoys a
revenue of $20,112,241 gold, or $13.33 for every inhabitant residing within her
confines.
" Porto Rico has an area of a thousand square miles less than that of the
Island of Panay and a population of less than a million. Its revenues for In-
sular purposes amounted, in the fiscal year 1903, to the sum of more than
$3,500,000 gold, or about $3.70 gold for each inhabitant.
" Bulgaria has an area of about 37,000 square miles and a population of about
3.500.000. Its expenditures amount to about $7,000,000 gold, or $2 per inhab-
itant.
" If Cuba spends $13.33, Porto Rico $3.70, and Bulgaria $2 for the benefit of
each inhabitant within its Jurisdiction, it would seem that the Philippine gov-
ernment, considering the cost of maintaining order and of educating the people,
has not been extravagant when it has spent only $1.52 per Inhabitant.
" Other countries struggling for advancement and practically in the same con-
dition as the Philippines might be selected for comparison. I refrain, however,
from making further citations and leave to the Legislature the consideration of
whether taxes should be further reduced, in view of all that must yet be done
for the education and advancement of the people.
" During the fiscal year 1907 there was a very decided increase in both the
import and the export business of the Philippine Islands as compared with that
of 1906. For the latter year the value of imports was $25,799,290 gold, and
that of exports reached the sum of $31,918,542. The importations during the
BEPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY.
285
fiscal year 1907 amounted to the sum of $29,606,140 gold, and the exports to
the sum of $33,721,517 gold. The value of Imports for the year 1907 exceeded
that of the year 1906 by the sum of $3,800,850 gold, and the exports for the
fiscal year 1907 exceeded those of 1906 to the amount of $1,802,975 gold. The
balance of trade for the fiscal year 1907 was In favor of the islands to the ex-
tent of $4,055,377 gold. The articles of import which largely increased during
the past fiscal year were cotton, iron and steel (machinery), mineral oils,
opium, and paper and manufactures thereof, as will appear from the following
statement :
Article.
Cotton goods
Iron and steel (machinery)
Mineral oils.
Opium _
Paper, and manufactures thereof.
1906.
$6,754,860
1.706.65S
447.176
446.464
410.063
1907.
$8.416.ti46
2.544.092
816.763
518.287
508.704
*' There was a decrease in the importations of rice, malt liquors, and jew-
elry as follows:
Article.
RJoe. - - $4,875,600
Malt liquors— _... __ 225.482
Jewelry 150,884
■|
1907.
$3,662,493
141. 8S8
40.410
" Though coupled with a loss of revenue the decrease in the importation of
rice is highly gratifying and much more satisfactory than the sad condition
which in 1903 obliged an importation of rice to the value of $12,552,382 gold— a
drain on the country which meant ruin if continued. Every dollar expended
for imported rice has gdne to Saigon and not a dollar of it has ever returned to
the Islands. The great reduction in rice importation demonstrates to an ab-
solute conclusion that the agricultural condition of the country is improving
and that the rice which was imported in 1903 is now made up by local produc-
tion to the extent of nearly $9,000,000 gold.
** The exports of the Philipi)ine Islands, which have shown an increase during
1907 as compared with 1906, are as follows :
Article.
Hemp
Oopra
Tobacco-
Maguey..
1906.
$19,446,769
4.043,115
2.389.800
219.064
1907.
$21.0a3.08I
4,053,198
3.129.194
298.997
•* I regret to say that there was a material decrease in the export of sugar
which amounted to $4,863,865 in 1906 and to only $3,934,460 in 1907. The de-
crease in quantity was 5,418 tons. For this decrease the failure of Ck)ngress to
pass favorable tariflP legislation was largely responsible.
" During the year 1894, the last year for which data are available, the exports
from the islands amounted to $16,000,000. During the year 1907 the exports
reached $33,721,517 — an increase of more than 110 per cent Prior to the change
of sovereignty the average exix)rt during the five years from 1891 to 1805 was
$19,532,000, while the average export for the five years 1902 to 1906 was
$30,439,000. Yet we are constantly confronted with the statement that the
country is ruined and that very much more business was done in Spanish times
than since the change of sovereignty. Even if the prospects of the future were
darh: and forbidding, which they are not, it is scarcely wise to announce to the
buyers of the world that the producer is hard pressed and that almost any price
will be accepted for his product. Men of prudence when in need of money, far
from making a display of their rags and tatters, usually don their best " bib and
tucker '* and outwardly at least bear such an appearance of prosperity as not to
prejudice the coveted loan.
286 REPOKT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
"The customs collections for the j^ear 1907 were $8,194,708.52, as compared
with $7,553,206.06 for the year 1906. Of the customs collections for the year
1907, $185,494.86 accrued to the Moro Province as against $159,429.84 for the
year 1906. The total expenditures for customs collections during the year 1907
was $461,111.45, as compared with $491,081.68 for the year 1906.
**The improper packing of abaca and the use of a coarse-edged knife in
breaking it out, coupled with carelessness in caring for it after once " drawn,"
have seriously affected the reputation of the fiber in foreign markets. This
fact, together with its high price, has driven the foreign manufacturer to the
expedient of substituting some other fiber, and In time a serious loss will result
to the farmer and to the islands unless steps are taken either by the farmer
himself or the Legislature to compel proper packing and proper caring for the
product
*' The quality of the tobacco has also deteriorated, principally because the
paternal rule which formerly obliged the proper cultivation, caring for, curing,
and packing of the tobacco can no longer be enforced. Seed is not carefully
selected for i)lanting, no effort is made to produce the large fine leaf for wrap-
ping, the tobacco is exposed to the sun until it is as dry as biscuit, and when
partly cured it is sold on ** palitos " which have torn the leaf and completed the
ruin which the sun began. After the tobacco reaches the factory, the tobacco
manufacturer is forced to remedy, as far as remcily is possible, the negligence
of the farmer, and the cost of the labor so employed is deducted from the price
paid for the product. The manufacturer of abaca, forgetting that to ruin the
reputation of any article of commerce is to damage the producer, excuses his
conduct by the statement that an inferior quality of abaca in greater quantities
is worth more money to him tlian a less quantity of fine quality. This excuse,
poor as it is, does not avail the tobacco farmer, whose negligence works a loss
to himself, the manufacturer, and all concerneii. Ix)w prices now prevail for
tobacco and low prices will soon prevail for abaca. It seems to the executive
that the legislature should give most careful study to these questions and, if
possible, furnish a remedy by appror)rlate legislation.
" The executive is sorry to say that to-day, owing to the negligence and
Indifference of municipal officials, the roads and highways of the islands have
fallen into such a disgraceful condition that in the rainy season they are better
suited for boats than land transportation, and this would not be so bad if the
roads were properly navigable. Exclusive of the Benguet road, the Insular
government has constructed some 500 miles of road, and expended for the
purpose more than ^3,000,000. And for what? To see the highways go to ruin
through the indifference of the very peo[)le for whose benefit they were con-
structed. To enable municipalities to keep their roads in repair the Commis-
sion passed a road law, and, recognizing the autonomy of the local governments,
made the law effective on its acceptance by the convention of municipal oflScers.
It was not accepted, and the Legislature is now confronted with the proposition
of devising some means by which the roads and highways, so necessary for the
benefit of agriculture and the advancement of trade, may be put In proper con-
dition and new highways constructed. To build all the roads which are neces-
sary for the development of the Philippine Islands and to put the existing high-
ways into proi)er condition would cost somewhere In the neighborhood of
$65,000,000 gold. The Philippine government probably has less income in pro-
portion to population than any other government on earth, and unless the people
are willing to make some sacrifices for their own welfare and prosperity, the
development of the resources of the islands will be long delayed Indeed. In
one province during the last year the cost of transporting a picul of abaca a
distance of 5 miles was M, and this contribution to bad roads was paid will-
ingly and without a murmur: the imposition however of a tax of the same
amount for the purpose of securing good roads and a reduction of the cost of
transportation by 75 per cent would have been considered by those most con-
cerned as an intolerable act of tyranny and oppression.
"As a counterbalance to this lack of public spirit, to this Indifference to their
own industrial and commercial welfare, it may be said with Justice that the
whole body of the Filipino people have made the greatest sacrifices for the
cause of education and public Instruction.
" From insular funds and the contributions of the people 24 high school, 20
trade school, and 2 intermediate school buildings, all of strong materials, have
been constructed. The Insular schools are housed In 13 buildings, and inter-
mediate and secondary schools in 49 buildings. Three hundred and forty build-
ings of strong materials, 2,495 of mixed materials, and 493 of light materials
BBPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 287
furnish accommodations to the municipal schools. Nearly all of these buildings
have been constructed since American occupation. There are now contemplated
or in course of construction 25 primary schools, 3 intermediate schools, 5 schools
of arts and trades, 7 provincial hlj?h schools, and 3 schools for fishery, pottery,
and agriculture. The total enrollment of pupils in the schools is 479,978, and
the average attendance is 269,006. The increase in primary, intermediate, agri-
cultural, arts and trades, domestic science, and provincial high schools for
1907 as compared with 1906 is as follows :
Kind of school.
Primary schools ' 3,10B
Intermediate- _
Scbooto of domestic science _-_
Arts and trades..
Affricultaral schools.— .. —
Provincial high schools.
1906.
1907.
3.10B
92
8
2
36
3,435
162
17
32
5
3G
'* For the instruction of the 479,000 children only 840 American teachers and
5,200 Filipino teachers are available. The number of teachers employed is
wholly Inadequate to do full justice to the pupils seeking Instruction. More-
over, the schools are overcrowded and additional accommodations should be
furnished. The appropriation for public schools has been largely increaseil for
the current fiscal year, but is still insufllcient to meet the constant demands
for more teachers and more school buildings. The appropriations for educa-
tion should be increased. But how? * There's the rub.' Eight hundred thou-
sand children are now barred from the public schools, and the problem of fur-
nishing out of the meager revenues of the government the modicum of instruc-
tion which is required to them for the modest needs of a modest life presents
some difficulties. In the past large sums of money have been spent for the
maintenance of peace In Cavlte, Batangas, Samar, and Leyte, and. If the pres-
ent satisfactory condition of public tranquillity continues, It is possible that the
moneys which have been expended In suppressing disorder may be utilized for
educational purposes.
"The relations between the Philippines Constabulary and the officials and
people of the provinces and municipalities I am glad to say are highly satisfac-
tory. Constabulary officers and men have galiieil the confitlence, trust, and
good will of the people, and that alone has aided greatly In keeping crime and
lawlessness in check without the necessity of employing extreme or extra or-
dinary measures. In this connection I can not let the opiwrtunlty pass of pay-
ing a tribute to the governors of the various provinc*es, who have left no stone
unturned to maintain order and to suppress crime within their respective
Jurisdictions.
** Rinderpest, which has worked such destruction to the farming animals of
the country, was reduced at one time during the year to such limits that the
entire suppression of this disease seemed In sight. I'nfortunateI.v, the Importa-
tion of cattle from Saigon, China, and other i)oints caused a reinfection, and
during the last month cattle diseases, and espwlally rlndoriwst, have again as-
sumed dangerous proiwrtlons. A quarantine law has been passed and a large
appropriation has been made for the establishment of quarantine stations. It Is
hoped sincerely that the Legislature will lend Its aid should further approi)rla-
tlons be required, and that the best Influence of the members of the Assembly
will be exerted to cultivate a public sentiment In favor of quarantine measures,
without which any attempt to preserve the cattle of the Philippines will be
utterly useless.
"A largely increased appropriation for the bureau of iM)sts has been made
in order to establish a paid rural carrier service. It Is exi)ecte<l that this ex-
tension of the service will remove many just grounds of complaint which re-
sulted from the fact that, in the interests of economy, the distribution and
transfer of the mails was confided to unpaid or poorly paid municipal officials,
who took but little interest in the work. With the appropriations made the
service will be bettered but not perfected. Perfection or anything approaching
It can not be hoped for until larger sums of money are available for the dis-
tribution and prompt delivery of the mails.
" The executive is of the opinion that a more careful administration of mu-
nicipal affairs is necessary and that stei)s should be taken to train and instruct
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
subordinate municipal officials as to the proper method of keeping their records,
books, and papers. In many of the municipalities the expenditures of public
money have been unwise, not to say wasteful. In 88 municipalities out of 685
the entire revenue was expended for salaries and not a single cent was devoted
to public betterments or improvements. Sixty-three municipalities spent on
public works less than 1 iier cent and 163 less than 10 per cent. Such a condi-
tion of affairs is to be deplored, and the Commission was obliged to pass a law
within the last few months prohibiting municipalities from spending for salaries
more than a fixed percentage of their revenues. Municipalities of the first class
are allowed to spend 50 per cent of their revenues on salaries, municipalities of
the second class 60 per cent, municipalities of the third class 65 per cent, and
municipalities of the fourth class 75 per cent. A statement of the total per-
centage expended by the various municipalities for public improvements is
appended to this message and marked ' Exhibit A' for the information of the
Philippine Legislature.
" Provincial governments, as a rule, have been well administered, and the
provincial boards are deserving of high commendation for the energy and inter-
est which they have displayed in bettering conditions within th^ir respective
jurisdictions.
" Railroad work in Luzon, Cebu, and Panay began about the beginning of the
present calendar year. The following table will show the progress of the work:
'* Manila Railway Company,
Dagupan-San Fernando, Union, Line: Kilometers.
Earthwork completed for 12.5
Track laid for 12.5
Partly ballasted for 12.5
Work begun on station buildings.
San Fablan-Camp One Line :
Grading completed for 15
Track completed for ^ 13
Partly ballasted for 10
Dau-San Pedro-Magalang Line:
Grading completed for 9
Track completed for 7
Partly ballasted for 5
Panlqul-Tayug Line:
Grading begun.
San Fernando-Florida Blanca Line:
Grading completed _-_ 24.52
Track laid for 10
Partly ballasted for : 10
Work begun on station buildings.
Marlqulna-Montalban Line:
All work completed and line in operation April 17, 1907 _ 12.87
Belt Line, Manila :
Grading completed for -. 9
Track laid for 3
Partly ballasted for 3
Manlla-Batangas Line :
Grading completed for _____ . _ ._ . 50
Track laid for 5
Antipole Line, beyond Taytay:
Grading completed for 4
Track completed for _ 3
Cavite Short Line:
Grading completed for _• 25
Ralls laid for 9
Partly ballasted for 9
" Tarlac Tramway Company.
Paniqul-Camlling Tramway :
Grading and track laying completed 20
Line not in operation on account of being washed out by Tarlac
River.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 239
•* Philippine Railway Company,
On Cebll : Kilometers.
Grading completed from Danao to near Carcar 65
Track laid from Danao to about 13 kilometers south of Cebu 44.6
Grading Is partly completed from Carcar to Argao, a distance of 32
Storehouse and oil house at Cebu are partly completed.
Work begun on Cebu station building.
Work is progressing on ijart of station buildings north of C«bu.
On Panay:
Grading completed for 35
Rails laid for 11 .
Partly ballasted for 6.5
No work done except on temporary buildings.
On Negros:
Nothing done.
•* With the exception of the dam it is expected that the construction of the
Manila waterworks will be completed about the Ist of July of the coming year.
In all probability the completion of the dam will be delayed until the next dry
Reason, but it is hoped that construction work thereon will have so far pro-
Kressed that water can be supplied from the new system by July 1, 1908.
"The sewer system will not be fully completed until December 1, 1908, at
which time the pumping stations will be ready for operation.
"It is pleasing to note that during the fiscal year 1907 there was a marked
increase in the application for homesteads, free patents, and sales and leases
of public lands. This indicates that the people have been finally aroused to the
necessity of ac<iuiring a title to their holdings and of securing from the public
domain homes of which they will be the lords and masters. There have been
10,607 applications for free patents, of which number 870 have been surveyed.
Seven thous«ind one hundred are pending survey and 2,637 are under considera-
tion. Three thousand nine hundred and sixty-seven applications have been filed
for homesteads and 968 allowed. Two thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine
are held for further consideration. One hundred and eighty-seven applications
have been made for the purchase of public lands, of which number 19 sales have
been accomplished and the balance are pending consideration or otherwise dis-
posed of. Forty-two applications for lease have been filed, 22 of whicli are now
under survey, 1 is accomplished, and the rest are awaiting consideration.
"The total area of the friar lands is 158,677 hectares, 65.8 i)er cent of which
has been surveyed.
" The total rentals contracted for the friar-lands estates is the sum of ^247,-
555.12. As yet no sales have been made to tenants, principally because the
work of subdividing the estates and making proper surveys thereof has not yet
been completed.
On the Ist day of July, 1907, there was in the insular treasury
available for appropriation 1^,708,486.19
From which sum, however, should be deducted
liabilities existing June 30, 1907. and not pro-
vided for by apropriatlon, as follows, to wit:
Sinking fund, public works bonds, act 1729— W04, 204. 13
Reimbursement to friar-lands bonds funds,
act 1749 696. 184. 31
1, 100, 38S. 44
Net balance available for appropriation July 1, 1907__- 5,608,097.75
During the current fiscal year the following is a conservative es-
timate of the revenues and receipts which may be exi)ected to
accrue to the insular treasury :
Customs revenue « 5, (KK), 000. 00
Internal revenue 5, 500. 000. 00
Miscellaneous 800,000.00
Reversion from lapsed appropriations 600, 000. 00
Total estimated revenue and reversion 21,900,000.00
The total available for appropriation from the insular treasury
for the fiscal year 1908 on the basis of the net balance actually
in the treasury and the estimated receipts was on the Ist of
July, 1907, the sum of 27.508,097.75
240 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
From this sum the following appropriations have been made :
Interest, public-works, bonds, act 1729 ^282,500.00
Sinking fund, public-works bonds, act 1729 142, 848. 44
Sinking fund, friar-lands bonds, act 1749 140,000.00
Interest, friar-lands bonds (estimated amount payable from
general fund), act 1749 350,000.00
Annuities to the Sultan of Jolo et al 15,200.00
Subsidies to steamship companies, act 1715 230,000.00
Liability on account of railway guaranty, act 1730 270, 000. 00
Liability on account of agricultural bank, act 1730
Insurance fund, act 1728 250,000.00
Current expenses, insular government, act 1679 17,495,980.00
Aid to subprovinces of Apayao and Kalinga, act 1642 1, 000. 00
Reimbursement to provinces on account of suspension of the
land tax, act 1686 700,000.00
Public works, insular government, act 1688_- 3,502,655.00
Aid to province of Agusan, act 1693 (estimated) 25,000.00
30 per cent current expenses, city of Manila, act 1706 1, 000, (X)0. (X)
30 per cent public works, city of Manila 85,000.00
30 per cent sinking fund, city of Manila sewer and water-
works bonds 59. 622. 00
Refund to city of Manila on account expenses Pasig River
walls, act 1750 207, 000. 00
Agricultural loans, frlar-lauds haciendas, act 1736 100,000.00
Fidelity-bond fund, act 1739 40,000.00
Reimbursement to provinces on account of court fees, act
1764 75, 000. 00
Bounties to tobacco growers, act 1767 13,250.00
Sundry current expenses Insular government, act 1785 197, 700. 00
Provincial roads and bridges, act 1783 200,000.00
Reserve for contingencies 2,125.342.31
Available for appropriation 27,508,097.75
** In conclusion, the executive, on his own behalf and for and on behalf of
the Philippine Commission as Its president, tenders to the Philippine Assembly,
and through them to the people of the Philippines, most heartfelt congratula-
tions on the formal opening and permanent organization of the body which
from now henceforth is to share with the Philippine Commission the respon-
sibility for the laws which are to govern the Philippine Islands. From this
day participation by the Filipino people In every department of the Philippine
government begins. Three Filipinos of eminence, renown, learning, and ability
are now Justices of the supreme court, headed by the distinguished jurisconsult
Don Cayetano Arellano. Out of 21 judges of the court of first Instance 10
are Filipinos. The court of land registration is represented by 1 Filipino and 1
American. The chief of the bureau of justice is a Filipino, who Is assisted by
5 Filipinos and 5 Americans. All the flscals of the various provinces are Fili-
pinos. In the exe<Mitive !)ranches of the government the offices of responsibility
and trust held by those born of the soil are too numerous to mention. On the
Philippine Conimission three well-known, able, and distinguished Filipinos, ap-
I)ointed by the President of the ITnlte<l States and confirmed by the Senate,
have rendered notable service to the legislative department of the government.
To-day 80 assemblymen, ele<'tetl by popular vote at the general elections held on
the 30th day of July of this year, assume their part in the affairs of govern-
ment, and upon them now devolves a stewardship of which a rigid accomitlng
will be exacte<l !)y history, by their own people, and by other peoples struggling
to take their part in the onward march of civilization. The service rendered
by Filipino officials, whatever their office and wherever employed, has been of
the most pronounced benefit and advantage to the land of their birth. That
which is to be rendered and will be rendered by the Phllli)pine Assembly can
not be measured. On the Philippine Assembly more than on any other branch
of the Philippine government depends the future of the Philippine Islands, and
on the energy, the earnestness, the devotion to duty, the self-sacrifice, the un-
selfishness, and, above all things, the entire conservatism and sane judgment
of its members deiiends the realization of the hopes and the Ideals of the Filipino
people. If this Assembly fails of its purpose, the peoples who have looked to it
to demonstrate their capacity to legislate wisely and well will have just reason
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY.
241
to regret that the high privilege of participating in the malting gf the laws to
govern them was ever concede!^. If, on the other hand, success attends it, and,
all the circumstances considered, the product of its labors compares not unfa-
vorably with that of other legislative bodies, no names will shine brighter on the
pages of Philippine history than those of the members of the first Philippine
Assembly.
"James F. Smith,
" Governor-General of the Philippine Islands.
** ElXHIBIT A.
" MUNICIPAL PUBLIC WORKS.
"There is shown in the statement which follows the percentage which the
expenditures for public works in each municipality bears to the total expendi-
tures of that municipality for all purposes. The municipalities of each class are
shown in their relative order of superiority In this respect.
Municipalities of the first class {population 25,000 or over).
Municipality.
Province.
Cebu
Per cent.
Municipality.
Province.
Per cent.
Dala^ruete
27.71
26.01
24.42
23.ei
23.50
28.51
22.11
IS.flO
14.84
14.76
14.76
14.70
13.33
12.05
1 San Pablo.
Imus
La Laguna
11 69
Taal
Batangas
Oavite
Iloilo
11.33
11 15
Vlgan
Ilocos Sur
Mlagao
Batangas
Batangag
Barlli _
Ccbu
10*78
Laoaip -
Ilocos Norte __
Pangaslnan
Misamis
Argao._-
1 Llpa
do..
Batangas
7 48
CalaMaq
Mambajao
7 13
1 Santa B&rbara...
' Ocbu- .
Hollo
G 43
Carcar
Ccbu
Cebu
5 81
Sara
Hollo
Bulacan
, San Carlos
1 Janluay
Pang as In an.
Iloilo...
5 29
Malolos
5 28
Hollo
Hollo .
Tarlac
Dumanjug —
Callbo
Cebu
3.67
Oamfling
Capiz..
8 00
Pototan — -
Hollo
SIbonga
Bauan
Cebu
Batangas
9 95
Baiiuaff-
Bulacan,
2 69
Municipalities of the second class (populatiofi 18,000 or over and less than
25M0),
Municipality.
Province.
Aparrl... ,
Tanauan —
Candon ,
Irlga
Burauen
Boac I
Malabon
Dagaml. '
Snay
Daraga ;
Dingras.
Gatarman
San Fernando
Hagonoy
Ouyapo _ '
Arayat- .,
Urdaneta
Dagupan
Gumobatan '
Bago j
Macabebe..
San Miguel :
La Carlota '
Lubao I
Tabaco I
Llngayen f
Paasl
Slquijor
Narvacan
New Washington.
Nabua
Oabatuan
Per cent. Municipality.
Cagayan
Leyte.
Ilocos Sur
Ambos Camarines.
Leyte.
Tayabas
Rlzal
Leyteu
Occidental Negros. '
Albay
Ilocos Norte J
Samar |
Pampanga. _.|
Rulacan
Nueva Eclja
Pampanga ,
Pangasinan
do
Albay '
Occidental Negros. ,
Pamp anga
Bulacan. '
Occidental Negros.
Pampanga
Albay
Pangasinan.
HoUo '
Oriental Negros
Ilocos Sur..-
Caplz
Ambos Camarines. '
IloUo
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7-
41.11
34.50
32.46
28.76
27.72
28.46
25.66
24.8-5
24.18
23.96
23.89
2B.82
23.57
23.40
23.13
22.28
21.50
21.33
21.07
18.03
16.66
18.57
16.06
15.21
18.37
13.26
13.11
12.40
12.33
10.98
9.64
9.62
-16
Baybay
Dumaguete
Buenavlsta..
Mangaldan
Tuburan
Manga tarem
Opon
Ouagua
Bacarra
Bangued
; Manaoag-.
I Asingan
Pura
Calbayog...
San Francisco de
Malabon.
Tanauan.
Capiz _
Carigara
Tarlac
Leon—
Ormoc --
San Jose
Bantayan ._
Cagayan „
Guluan
Batac
Maasin ,
Barotac Nuevo...
Hog
Logo
Province. Per cent.
Leyte
Oriental Negros.—
Hollo _.
Pangasinan
Cebu
Pangasinan
Cebu
Pampanga
Ilocos Norte
Hocos Sur
Pangasinan
Tarlac .'. . ."'
Samar
Cavite-
Batangas
Capiz '
Leyte |
Tarlac
Hollo
Leyte
Antique
Cebu.
Misamis
Samar J
Hocos Norte. J
Leyte. ..'
Hollo I
Occidental Negros. J
Bohol
9.57
8.57
8.04
7.78
7.59
7.34
7.09
7.08
7.04
6.40
6.25
6.21
5.M
5.77
5.58
4.97
4.95
4.58
4.25
4.16
.1.90
3.57
2.97
2.89
2.82
2.73
2.59
1.76
1.72
242
BBPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Municipalities of the third class (population tO.OOO or over and less than
8,000). •
Municipality.
Palo
Oavite
Surigao .—
Santa Cruz
Oton-
Oabanatuan
Oatbalogan
Dapa
Santa Maria
Sorsogon
Oantilan
Tugiiegarao
Paniqui
San Luis
Jagna
Oatmon..
Balasan...
Sarlaya
San Marcelino...
Santo Domingo.
Gapan...
Paoay—
Noveleta
ApaUt
Oalape
Malasiqul
Angeles
Langaran
Binalonan
Bauang- i.
Bayambang
Lacy -__.
Balaoan
San Fernando...
Valladolid
Bosales
Oroquiota
Agoo
Bulan
nagan-
Larena
Mandaue I
Baeey j
Pefiaranda
Tallsay '
Atimonan '
Saravia .'
San Narciso
Mallnao
Bogo
Tandag
Asturias — «_
Sanlsidro
Oonoepcion
Ibajay
Navotas
San Oarlos
Gubat
Talisay
Bais
Oulasi
Salasa- —
San Juan
Lucban
Loboc
vniasiB
Santa Cruz
Oras
Bacolor
Oaluxnpit.
Dact
Isabela —
Naguillan
Glgaquit.,.
Borongau :.
Sibalom
Paslg -
Meddlin-
Bulacan
Moncada
Inabanga —
Balliyan
Maaban — ^ — .
Province.
Per cent.
Leyte— _
Cavite
Surigao
Tayabas
Doilo
Nueva Ecija
Samar
Surlgao—
nocos Sur —
Sorsogon
Surigao
Oagayan..
Tarlac
Pampanga
Bohol
Cebu —
noilo
Tayabas
Zambales
riocos Sur
Kueva Ecija
Ilocos Norte.
Cavite. _.
Pampanga
Bohol-
Pangasinan
Pampanga
Misamls
Pangasinan
La Union
Pangasinan
Oriental Negros
La Union
do .-
Occidental Negros.
Pangasinan
Misamls
La Union
Sorsogon.
Isabela
Oriental Negros —
Cebu
Samar
Nueva Ecija
Oebu
Tayabas
Occidental Negros.
Zambales
Albay
Cebu
Surigao
Cebu.
Nueva Ecija
Tarlac.
Onplz
Rlzal
Occidental Negros.
Sorsogon-
Ocoldentnl Ncgros.
Orlental Negros
Antique
Pangasinan
La Union
Tayabas..
Bohol
Pangasinan
La Laguna
Samar
Pampanga
Bulacan
Ambos Camarlnes.
Occidental Negros.
La Union
Surigao
Samar
Antique.
Rizal
Oebu
Bulacan
Tarlac
Bohol -
Batangaa-
Tayabas
46.52
45.54
41.00
40.15
34.21
33.63
31.66
31.35
31.27
80.60
30.22
29.93
27.85
27.10
26.06
26.12
25.31
24.65
24.20
23.84
23.35
23.28
22.99
21.29
20.96
20.80
20.79
20.60
20.35
19.87
19.64
19.32
19.23
18.45
18.10
17.51
17.27
17.24
17.20
17.15
16.90
15.93
15.83
15.56
15.32
15.07
15.02
14.85
14.40
14.30
13.93
13.56
13.44
13.29
13.00
12.90
12.88
12.84
12.73
12.72
12.69
12.62
12.40
11.96
11.91
11.75
11.58
11.31
11.25
10.97
10.86
10.69
10.61
10.62
10.51
10.02
9.97
9.67
9.53
9.39
9.38
9.37
9.37
Municipality.
Balanga
Rosario
Meycauayan
Tayabas
Bugasong
Luna
Camallg
Bacolod
San Fernando...
Tadoban
Polo
Pontevedra
Ligao
Bomblon
Jaro
Nueva Oaceres...
Pltogo
Tubigon
Toledo
LOoan
San Fabian
Binalbagan
Albay
Dao
Alcala
Bacon.. -1
Daan Bantayan.
Indan..-
BInmaley
Allaga— _-
Palompoo-
Panay
Loay
Taguig
Misamls
Moalbual
Badoc
Hilongos
Guimbal
Naga -
Alongulnsan
Dao
Qulngua—
Talisayan...
Bangui
Pozorrubio
Maribojoc— ,
Mexico
Pontevedra
Maragondon
Pandan
Zimiarraga
Cadiz
Badian
Alangarlang
Nalc
Slaton
Candaba
Minglanilla
Oas
Danao
Oranl
Santa Maria
Libmanan
Balingasag
San Isldro
Ayuqultan
Bifian.
Arlngay
Banate...
Jimamaylan
Victoria
Alfonso
Echague—
Manapla
Balamban
DImlao
Indan
Tayug
Angat... —
Alaminos
Cabagan Nuevo.
Escalante
Province.
Percent.
Bataan
Batangas '
Bulacan |
Tayabas '
Antique
La Union
Albay
Occidental Negros..
Oebu
Leyte '
Bulacan ;
Occidental Negros-
Albay '
Romblon I
Leyte.
Ambos Camarlnes- 1
Tayabas. .|
Bohol
Oebu ;
do I
Pangasinan !
Occidental Negros. J
Albay
Antique
Pangasinan...
Sorsogon
Oebu
Cavite
Pangasinan..
Nueva Ecija..
Leyte
Oapiz
Bohol
Rizal
Misamls
Cebu
Ilocos Norte.
Leyte
nollo
Oebu
-...do
Capiz
Bulacan...
Misamls
Ilocos Norte
Pangasinan
BohoL
Pampanga.
Caplz
Cavite..^
Antique
Samar.
Occidental Negros.
Cebu.
Leyte.
Cavite
Oriental Negros.
Pampanga.
Cebu...
Albay.
Cebu-
Bataan
Bulacan.
Ambos Camarlnes.
Misamls.
Leyte.
Oriental Negros
La Laguna
La Union. „ _^
Iloflo
Occidental Negros.
Tarlac
Cavite
Isabela
Occidental Negros.
Cebu .-
Bohol
Ambos Camarlnes.
Cebu.
Pangasinan
Bulacan.
Pangasinan- ._
Isabela
9.S6
9.86
9.15
9.16
9.13
9.11
9.00
8.86
8.77
8.43
8.33
8.39
8.16
8.13
7.96
7.92
7.58
7.54
7.48
7.32
7.20
7.12
7.01
7.00
6.86
6.70
6.63
6.29
6.27
6.23
6.21
6.17
6.02
5.71
5.53
6.46
5.38
5.83
5.82
5.21
5.07
4.85
4.76
4.73
4.50
4.40
4.37
4.27
4.16
4.14
4.07
8.7S
9.62
3.38
S.83
3.28
3.25
8.17
8.17
3.10
3.08
2.99
2.94
2.85
2.54
2.38
2.35
2.85
2.29
2.23
1.99
1.77
1.76
1.70
1.58
1.64
1.52
1.51
1.49
1.46
1.48
1.36
1.80
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY.
248
Municipalities of the third cJasa {population 10,000 or over and leas than
8,000)— Contimiea.
Municipality.
Tanjay
HlnuDanga
Blnangronan
TagbUaran
WHght-__ I
Dulag. I
OloatUao
Oslob
PatnongoQ .
Malabuyoc
Dauin I
Ouljulugan 1
Plnamungajan.-. .
San Antonio
Bacacay
Provlni'e.
Occidental Negroa.
Oriental Negros
Leyte - —
Rizal
BohoL
Samar
Leyta
Oebu
do
Antique
Oebu
Oriental Negros —
do
NuevaEcIja
Albay. _
Percent. I Municipality.
1.35
1.31
1.18
1.07
1.08
.87
.81
.73
.72
.89
.60
.63
.49
.47
.36
Barugo
i Tlgbauan
I Taft
Tayasan
Odiongan
Jinigaran
Bocaue.
I Gandara
Infanta
Lauaan
Malltbog
Nagcarlan
San Juan
San Nicolas—
Province.
Per cent.
Leyte
IloUo... _.
Samar
Oriental Negros
Romblon
Occidental Negros.
Bulacan
Samar _ '
Tayabas I
Antique
Leyte
La Laguna
Batangas „
Pangaslnan
.84
.27
.16
.15
.08
.02
None.
Nona
None.
Nona
Nona
None.
None.
Nona
Jlunieipalities of the fourth class (population less than 10,000),
Municipality.
I
Province.
San Bemiglo
Tuao 1
Barcelona
Gasan
Hlnatuan '
Orion I
MagBlngal '
Valencia
Butuao
Caloocan _
Cabadbaran.
Gnmaca ,
SevIUa 1
Sua! I
Oalamba J
Solana -
San Miguel
Mabusao — i
Bongabon
Oasiguran
Magalan
PHa
Lavesares
Bllar
Sagnay
LIcab
Tiblao
. Mabalacat
Duero
Irosln
Pagbilao —
Cabuyao
San Pedro Macatl.
Juban
Victorias '
Catubig
Oamu '
Lopez
Jamlndan... ;
Guinayangan '
Taytay '
Naguilian
Pagsanjan.
San Juan •
Oalauag ;
Pasay
Calaca
Ubay
Magallanes
San Mateo
Luoena
Tigaon
SInalt
TiwI
Buhl
Borbon
Jetafe 1— .
San Jose
Oordla
Porac
Oebu
Cagayan
Sorsogon
Tayabas _
Surigao
Bataan
IIocos Sur—
Bohol-
Surigao
Rlzal
Surigao
Tayabas
Bohol
Pangaslnan
La Laguna
Cagayan
Ilocog Norte
Oaplz
Nueva Eclja
Sorsogon
Pampanga
La Laguna
Samar
Bohol
Ambos Oamarines.
Nueva EclJa
Antique
Pampanga
Bohol
Sorsogon
Tayabas
La Laguna
Rlzal
Sorsogon
Occidental Negros.
Samar. _
Isabela — .
Tayabas
Oaplz
Tayabas
Rlzal
Isabela
La Laguna
Nueva Eclja
Tayabas
Rlzal
Batangas
Bohol !
Sorsogon !
Rlzal
Tayabas
Ambos Camarlnes^l
Docos Sur
Albay >
Ambos Camarlnes-
Oebu -
Bohol -
Batangas
Bohol
Pampanga
87.43
8«.91
36.63
34.50
33.67
3?.97
30.88
29.48
28.79
28.00
25.52
25.44
25.42
23.70
23.69
23.69
23.34
23.29
22.45
91.50
20.72
20.41
18.94
18.74
18.64
18.50
18.46
18.26
17.98
17.52
17.18
16.8.}
16.81
16.45 •
16.08 !
15.76 ,
15.62 j
15.25 I
15.23 i
15.06 I
14.70 I
14.55 I
14.53 '
14.28
14.20
14.07
13.73
13.73 I
13.72
13.18
13.08
12.85
li.m
11.80
11.63
11.62
11.88
11.29
11.26
11.18
Province.
I Per cent.
Paombong
Santo Tomas-.
Pena Blanca...
HIndang
Nasugbu
Santo Nino 1
Lal-lo !
Antequera '
San Vicente I
Dumalag j
Lapog
Tlaon '
Bautlsta *
Paradaque 1
Carmen 1
Paracale
Abulug '
Abucay :
Baao »
Plat
Manlto
Alegrla..- -.
Oabugao —
Libacao... .«.
Legaspl
Santa
IMnambao
Sierra Bullones—
Caballan
Placer ;
Santiago |
Santa Lucia
Antlpolo 1
Santa Cruz (
San Felipe Nerl...
Morong [
Dinalupljan '
Are valo
Silang
San Jose '
Lumban .—
AJburquerque '
Marlqulna 1
Milagros I
Nabas
Santa Cfuz
T-abo '
Tvisan. '
Tubao '
Mallnao ,
Lobo6 I
Tagudln _,
Tagoloan
Vlrac '
Babatungon
Alabat
Milaor _
Pamplona
Olaveria 1.
BoljooD I
Bulacan. __.
La Union
Cagayan i
Leyte- .^ I
Batangas '
Samar
Cagayan
Bohol
Ambos Camarlnes.J
Oaplz
IIocos Sur. i
Tayabas
Pangaslnan
Rizal
Oebu
Ambos Camarines.
Cagayan
Bataan
Ambos Camarines..
Cagayan
Albay
Oebu
riocos Sur
Oaplz
Albay
Docos Sur
Ambos Camarines.
Bohol
Leyte
Surigao
IlocoB Sur
Zambales
Rizal
Bataan
UoUo
Cavlte
Ambos Camarines.
La Laguna
Bohol •.-..
Rlzal
Sorsogon
Oaplz
IIocos Sur
Ambos Camarlnes-
Caplz
La Union
Caplz
Batangas i
IIocos Sur
Mlsamis
Albay
I>eyte
Tayabas — .
Ambos Camarlnea.
Cagayan
do
Oebu
11.12
11.11
10.97
10.87
10.85
10.79
10.73
10.71
10.63
10.42
10.24
10.19
10.09
10.08
9.90
9.86
9.73
9.72
9.29
9.15
9.06
9.02
8.92
8.69
8.42
8.26
8.11
8.01
7.94
7.77
7.77
7.69
7.68
7.,'54
7.31
7.34
7.25
7.07
7.00
6.87
6.47
6.24
6.17
6.11
6.00
6.00
.=>.97
5.94
5.82
5.81
5.52
6.51
5.45
5.40
5.38
5.31
5.23
5.06
4.88
4.87
244 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Municipalities of the fourth class {population less than 10,000) — Continued.
Municipality.
Bato
Galabanga.-
Masbate
San Isldro...
Mlnalabac—
CastDla
Candijay
Pasuquin
Mastnloc
Tolon
Cortes
Lulslana
Alcala -_,
San Bemlfflo.
LIbon
Oquendo
Panltan
Bangar
Olongapo
Oarcia Hernandez
Mobo
Basco
Oarmona...
Dlmasalang.
Sambo an...
Cauayan
Baclayon...
Mallllpot
Dinagat
Saplan
Enrlle
Dolores
SIruina
Tapas
San Fernando
Uralngan
Lupl —
Bacnotan
Leytc-
Bollnao
Taft -
Iba
Magarao
Tolosa
Corregldor
San RIeardo
Balanglga
Matnog
PoIUlO—
San Jacinto
Tabogon
Buruanga
Laoang
Abuyog —
Galnza
Matalom
Murcia
Luzurlaga
Naval
Bacong..-
Bato _ _.
Gattaran
Snnto ToiJiHfl- —
Cuyblran
Anda_
Magdalena.-it.-
Mavltac
Cataingan.
Barafl.
Gulndulinan
Bainijan
La Paz
Mauibulao..
Talacogon. .
San Quintln.
Pilar...
Llorento
Ban Fernamlo
Biila—
Subfc-
Daul8- .
Aroroy.
Pangll.
Bucay
Provlnee.
I
Per cent, n Municipality.
Province.
Albay 1
Ambos Camarlnes-
Sorsogon
Pangaslnau.
Ambos Oamarlnes..
Sorsogon
Bohol
Ilocos Norte
Zambales
Oriental Negros
Bohol I
La Lagima
Cagayan '
Antique !
Albay
Samar
Caplz
La Union
Zambales '
Bohol »
Sorsogon J
Cagayan
Oavlte !
Sorsogon
Cebu
Isabela I
Bohol I
Albay
Surigao ..i
Caplz- '
Cagayan. —I
Ilocos Sur* I
Ambos Oamarlnes.. I
Caplz ■
Sorsogon— .|
Pangaslnan '
Ambos Caraarlnes..'
La Union.
Leyte
Pangaslnan
Caplz
Zambales. I
Ambos Camarlnes..'
Leyte _ ,
Cavlte. I
Leyto
Samar
Sorsogon .'
Tayabas.. _.
Sorsogon
Cebu
Caplz ;
Samar .'
Leyte I
Ambos Caraarlnes..
Leytc ^
Occidental Negros. J
Oriental Negros '
I^yte— ,
Oriental Negros 1
Ambos Camarlnes.
Cagayan...
Batangas
l^eytc -
Bohol
La Laguna
-do.
Ilocos Sur
Ambos Camarlnes-
Surigao.. - '
Pangaslnan ...'
Caplz I
Samar
Romblon
Ambos Camarlnes.'
Zambales ,
Bohol I
Sorsogon
La Laguna — '
Ilocos Sur I
4.39
4.19
4.09
4.06
4.01
3.83
3.82
3.80
8.78
8.74
3.72
3.70
3.68
3.56
8.55
8.50
8.48
8.46
8.87
8.29
8.23
3.27
8.21
3.00
8.07
3.00
2.91
2.90
2.88
2.82
2.77
2.7r.
2.72
2.58
2.43
2.41
2.40
2.39
2.28
2.18
2.13
2.00
2.06
2.02
2.01
1.94
1.88
1.81
1.79
1.50
1.50
1.58
1.56
1.55
1.53
1.62
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.36
1.38
1.30
1.33
1.32
1.2!)
1.28
1.22
1.20
1.19
1.18
l.ll
1.08
l.a')
1.05
1.00
.97
.m
.96
.9*
.04
.94
.08
.01
.90
I
Mauanan ^_...
Santa Rita
Oapul
Tanay
Ibaan.
Sanchez MIra
Vlllareal
Sogod
Sigma
Ouenca...
Mulanay
Floridablanca
PIddig-
Paete
BanI
Palangul
Oajldiocan.
Oalblga
Santo NIfio
Camalanlugan....
Llanga...
Igulg -„
Panglao
Rapu-Bapu
Plinia
Llloan-
SIpocot
I Bulusan
I Badajoz _.
I Tallbon
' Capas
I MablnL...
I Sagay
, Oalauan
Allen
' Tagle.
I Agno -
Jovellar
Pilar
I Cauayan
I Dumarao __
I Lfllo
I Almeria
Jimenez. -.
I Almagro —
J Amulung
Anda
I Bagamanoc.
Baggao
Bagac
Baler
Bamban _
Bato
Batuan.
Botolan. _.
Calayan
Calolbon
Capalonga.
Caramoan
Caramoran
Carmen.
Carranglnn
Catanauan
Donsol
Goa
Infanta
Inopacan —
Kaslguran
Lagonoy
LIbog
T,ooc.._
Los Banos
Majayjay
Mandann.. -
Marl veles ...
Merlda _.
Moron
Palapng
Pamplona
Pambujan
Pandan
I Pantabangan...
Pasacao
Payo
Cagayan
Pampanga
Samar '
Rizal
Batangas '
Cagayan I
Samar
Leyte- '
Caplz I
Batangas.
Tayabas
Pampanga [
Ilocos Norte
La Laguna I
Pangaslnan '
Albay ;
Romblon
Samar I
Cagayan '
do ;
Surigao I
Cagayan '
Bohol '
Albay
Rlzal I
Leyte I
Ambos Oamarlnes. *
Sorsogon.. .- 1
Romblon '
Bohol
Tarlac '
Bohol
Occidental Negros..
La Laguna
Skmar
Isabela _—
Pangaslnan
Albay..
Sorsogon...
Occidental Negros.
Oaplz
La Laguna-
Leyte
Mlsamls
Samar
Cagayan
Pangaslnan...
Albay
Cagayan
Bataan...
Tayabas...
Tarlac...
Leyte
Bohol
Zambales-.--
Cagayan-
Albay
Ambos Caraarln<>^.
do ---
Albay
BohoL
Nueva Eclja
Tayabas
Sorsogon
.\mbos Camarlnes.
Pangaslnan
Leyte
Tayabas
Ambos Camarlnes.
Albay.
Romblon
La Laguna
do...
Sorsogon.—
Bataan
Leyte
Bataan
Samar „.
Ambos Camarlnes-
Samar
Albay
Nueva Ed J a
Ambos Camarlnes-
Albay .-J
Per cent.
.82
.73
.72
.67
.67
.65
.63
.61
.50
.57
.66
.55
.48
.40
.42
.41
.41
.37
.35
.34
.32
.31
.30
.25
.22
.18
.18
.17
.14
.12
.12
.12
.10
.10
.10
.06
.05
.04
.03
.01
^onft
None.
None.
None.
Non&
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY.
245
Municipalities of the fourth class (population less than 10,000) — Continued.
Municipality.
Province.
1
Per cent.
1
Municipality.
Province.
Per cent.
Pilar
Pilar
Pill
Placer _
Prieto-Dl az
Oebu
Ilocos Sur —
Ambofl Oamarlnes..
Sorsogon
do
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None. 1
None.
Santa Magdalena
Santa Maria
Santa Rosa
SIniloan
Talavera
Torrijos
Tudela
Tumaulnl
Uson
Valderrama
Vlga
Ynltao
Sorsogon
Isabela
La Laguna
do
NuevaEciJa
Tayabas
None.
None.
None.
None.
None
Pulunduta
Ambos Oamarlnes..
Tayabas
Ambos Oamarlnaa.
Cebu
Nueva Ecu a
Sorsogon
None.
Ragay .
Cebu
None.
Sampaloc
Isabela
None.
San Fernando
Sorsogon.. -«-
None.
San Francisco
San Jose
Antique
Albay .
M^amls
None.
None.
San Pascual
None.
Townships, special provincial government act provinces.
Municipality.
Trinidad
Bagulo
Coron
Tublay ,
Naujan '
Iligan j
Parang
Disdis i
Itogon '
Cotabato '
Oayan
Mamburao _.'
Matl
Jolo I
Malabang '.
Oalapan. [
Atok I
Cpyo
Bagnen
Davao
SlasI
Balakbak
Bulalacao
Bauco '
Penarrubia
Puerto Prlnceea—
Cervantes
Banaao — .
Mancayan
Zamboaoga
Sagada —
Dapitan
Besao ^
Plnamalayan 1
Alilem I
Sablayan i
Baganga
Lubang —
Bagabag -.;
Province.
Bengnet
do
Palawan
Benguet
Mindoro
Mc.ro
do _
Benguet
do
Moro
Lepanto-Bontoc- -
Mindoro
Moro.
do
do
Mindoro
Benguet
Palawan-
Lepanto-Bontoc. .
Moro.
Per cent.
-do.
Benguet
Mindoro
Lepanto-Bontoc..
Ilocos Sur
Palawan
Lepanto-Bontoc—
do
do
Moro
Lepanto-Bontoc- .
Moro
Lepanto-Bontoc- .
Mindoro __.
Lepanto-Bontoc- _
Mindoro
Moro
Mindoro
Nueva VIzcaya
62.08
rjO.64
42.99
39.53
32.94
32.54
30.03
27.23
27.02
23.84
19.«7
18.78
17.35
17.25
10.74
16.61
13.62
13.54
11.81
11.68
11.27
9.39
9.22
8.05
6.19
5.96
5.58
5.33
5.03
2.83
2.79
2.46
2.41
2.30
2.34
1.76
1.74
.78
.73
Municipality.
Angaqui
Bambang
Bayombong
Solano
Adaoay
Ampusungan
Bacun
Bokod
Bontoc
Bugulas-
Cabayan
CagayanciUo
Caluya — ,
Capangan
Oaraga
Oatod
Ooncepcion
Daklan
Danglas
Dupax
Kayapa
Eibungan
Lagan gllan
Lagayan
Langiden '.
Manabo ',
Palina
Quiagan
Sabangan
San Emillo '.
San Gabriel '.
San Quintin I
Santol
Sigay .
8udlpen__ |.
Sugpon
Suyo
Taytay
Villavlclosa
Province.
Per cent.
Lepanlo-Bontoc
Nueva VIzcaya
do
do
Benguet J
Lepanto-Bontoc- .- '
do —
Benguet
Lepanto-Bontoc ;
Benguet...
do
Palawan __
Mindoro.
Benguet—
Moro
do
Lepanto-Bontoc.
Benguet
Ilocos Sur
Nueva Vizcaya
Ilocos Sur
do
do
Benguet
Nueva Vizcaya.-
Lepanto-Bontoc.
ZlldoIIZIIIIIIIIII'
Ilocos Sur
Lepanto-Bon toe
do
do
iiiidoiiiiiiiiiir""
Palawan
Ilocos Sur
0.62
.48
.18
.17
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
Nona
Nona
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
Nona
None.
None.
Nona
None.
None.
None.
None."
The message of the executive having been read and submitted for the con-
sideration of the legislature, the presiding officer stated that the joint session
would be dissolved if there were no objection on the part of any of the members
of the legislature, in order that both houses might be permitted to resume, sei)a-
rately, the consideration of public business.
There being no objection, the joint session was thereupon dissolved, the hour
being 4 o*clock and 40 minutes post meridian.
Jambs F. Smith,
President of the Philippine Commission,
SEBOIO OSMEJl^A,
President of the Philippine Assembly.
Attest:
Wm. H. Donovan,
Secretary of the Philippine Commission.
Julian Gebona,
Recorder of the Philippifie Assembly,
246 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Exhibit N.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS.
Report of the Governor of the Province of Albay.
Office OF the Goyebnob,
Province of Alb at,
Albay, P, /., July i, 1907.
Sib : In compliance with the reqnlrementB of act Xo. 1044, Philippine Commis-
sion, I have the honor to submit my report for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1907, as follows :
The twelve months referred to throughout has been one of undisturbed tran-
quility, even the usual' misdemeanors, as a rule common to the best-administered
communities, having been so few in number and importance as to be equal to
almost nil.
The credit for this gratifying state of order was not especially due to extraor-
dinary official supervision and vigilance, but to the resumption of their normal
status on the part of the Blcols of the province, which is one of peacefulness
and industry*
Indeed, while the campaign for assembly m^ is being prosecuted with some
show of vigor by candidates, of whom there are many, it is neither sensa-
tional nor dramatic. None of them is radical in his views or intemperate in
bis utterances. All are conservative, well-poised, and farseeing. Public meet-
ings and speech making have not been resorted to, the canvass of each pro-
ceeding quietly and without the least sign of furore.
The provincial board has always endeavored to secure to the municipalities
local self-government in fact, and with this object in view has carefully
avoided anything that might suggest officious interference. It has acted upon
the theory that the president and councilors must be held, as their selection by
the voters implies they shall be, responsible for the government of their towns.
In consequence there is evidence of self-reliance and a real desire to be regarded
worthy and efficient as reward for the confidence reposed in them. In proof
of this statement is cited the infrequent necessity to suspend officials upon
charges of maladministration.
The municipal officials, for the most part, do very well. They are improving
all the time, and we who live among them and are charged with the duty of In-
structing them find them ready, willing, and well-intentioned if not always
correct, a failing that is somewhat universal, by the way.
Providence has dealt most kindly with the province in the past year. There
have been no epidemics, no baguios, no pests, no disasters. The sun has been
fair, the rains so essential to prosperity plenteous, and the crops abundant, for
all of which the people are most grateful. But still there is lacking legislation
by the Philippine Commission to relieve them from paying a |)enalty to Manila
for the bare privilege of living here in southern Luzon, far removed from a
friendly port of entry — a penalty wrested from the producer and the consumer
by sheer and cruel force, wholly un-American and unjust.
A semlweekly newspaper. El Heraldo Bicol, was established at Legaspl In
the month of April. It promises to be helpful to the government. Its tone being
high, its sentiments loyal and lofty, and its aim the development of the province
in the interest of all who now reside therein and such others as may cast their
lot in Albay in good faith.
A battalion of the Twenty-sixth Infantry has relieved a battalion of the
Ninth Infantry, theretofore stationed at Camp Daraga. While these troops are
not essential to preserve the peace of the province, their presence is popular
and the moral effect thereof is not underestimated. When it was proposed,
three years ago, to abandon this post, natives led In the protest against so
doing.
The post enjoys the deserved distinction of being the most delightful in the
archipelago. Certainly, it is the most healthful. It is sea-breeze swept, nestled
in the shadow of stately Mayon and provided with excellent sanitary facilities
and a pure water supply.
Second district headquarters of the constabulary has been transferred from
Lucena to Albay, bringing the district director and his staff, and eventually
there will come two companies additional to the one at Ligao and another at
Tabaco. Likewise the presence of the officers and the soldiers of the constab-
ulary is popular with the Filipinos resident here. Officially there is accord
BEPORTS OF PROVINCIAI, GOVERNORS. 247
and hearty cooperation among the various branches of the Federal and island
goTemments represented, to the profit and benefit of both.
AOBICULTURE.
The province has not entirely recovered from the setback it received by the
destructive baguio of September 25, 1905, in which abaca suffered so terribly.
The crop of the fiber for this calendar year will not be normal — only near so ;
It will be at least 20 per cent short, the reason being that many plantations
were stripped of their growing plants as effectually as If they had been cut
down with Isnives, and the new plants have not matured. Nevertheless, the
total production for the province should not be less than 400,000 piculs — ^more
than Cebu exports, annually.
But it is the low price paid for hemp grown in this province that is causing
much discontent among planters and general contraction of the circulating
medium. For three years or thereabout the price paid for Albay hemp has
average ^20 a picul. At this price the receipts for this ye^r would be at least
^,000,000. Instead, it has fallen as low as ^3 per picul, although the hemp
of northern Samar continues to bring from KO to ¥25 per picul.
There has never. been the least fault to find with the quality of Albay hemp —
that is, the strength of the fiber. It Is the strongest. The color has been ob-
jected to ; and when bought almost all of it is classified as " Corriente-mala."
Then it is carried to Manila, where it is turned over to the exporters, who
immediately proceed to reclassify it, and manage to extract considerable of
the higher grades therefrom.
The producers claim that the exporters gamble in hemp, as they style it;
that is, they manipulate the market Just as wheat is manipulated in the United
States. They say that when they furnish very white hemp the exporters call
for corriente or corriente-mala, and that when they supply them with the latter
then they shout for muy bianco, declaring there is no ready sale for corriente
or corriente-mala, all the time bearing the market, whether they demand the
one class or the other. In other words, the growers believe that they are
tricked and underbought by the exporters at every turn, and it does look that
way. They are at their mercy. Their hemp must be sent to a port of entry,
and this means it must go to Manila.
A communication to the undersigned as president of the Albay International
Chamber of Commerce, recently received from an interested person, contains
information and light on this subject It states that '*the recent deplorable
drop in the price of the product forming the principal object of industry and
source of wealth in this province, viz, hemp, to W3 per picul, where it has
remained some months and still remains — for, though apparently higher, there
is such a number of classifications that the average price turns out to be n3 —
leads me to express the wish that the chamber of commerce, as the only repre-
sentative yet formed in the interests of business, could put forth means to help
the growers to maintain the true price of hemp in the future and prevent the
slaughtering of prices. The true price of hemp to-day is undoubtedly some-
thing like f^ ; that is what growers ought to get for it here."
Again, the same writer states something which Is worthy of serious consid-
eration, if the policy of the government be to protect and encourage the pro-
ducer, in these words : " I feel convinced that recent reports as to the state of
congestion in the Manila hemp market by extraordinary deliveries from the
\isayas, and as to a similar state in world markets from the influx of sisal,
displacing hemp, are the most transparent sorts of misrepresentations. The
Visayas have been producing — ^Just like Albay — fixed quantities for years; the
hemp plantations have not been secretly and by collusion enormously extended,
so as to have suddenly yielded their product in such immense quantities as to
be able to throw the Albay product on the producers or make them sell It at
great loss; neither has the long-made threat of raising sisal in other parts of
the world (or any other fiber) to displace hemp been made good — as I believe
it never will If we keep on producing half-decent hemp here. It Is of great
importance to note that some defect or other always appears in whatever
fiber that It may be proposed to raise to displace hemp; either it is too short
or it is too weak. This is not said to make hemp growers too secure of the
hemp market, but only alert ; and, furthermore, the world's demand for hemp —
greatly in excess of supply, as It Is constantly reported— ought to swallow up
unnoticed all such increase of yield."
248 REPORT OF THE PHH^IPPINE COMMISSION.
The producer can not defend himself against these alleged tricks of the
exporter; only the government may help and save him; and the government
may do no more noble service than to institute an inquiry, and, if it be deter-
mined that hemp growers are being victimized as charged, enact legislation to
prevent a continuation of the infamy.
Then the export tax refund to the exporters of hemp to the United States
is a bill which comes out of the producer's pocket. This is plain to anyone
who will think but once. All hemp is purchased on the presumption that it
is for export to Europe. Nor can the i)urchaser be blamed. He can not tell
when his agent at Legaspl buys a quantity of hemp, for example, whether It
will be shipped to Ix)ndon or New York, and to make sure he assumes that it
will go to London. If, instead, it be sent to the United States, he is in and the
seller is out.
It would be more equitable and more satisfactory to the hemp grower if a
straight export tax of 25 centavos a picul were laid upon and collected from
every picul of hemp carried away from the islands, with no refund for any
reason whatsoever. The result in that event would be that the producer could
calculate uix)n what he should receive for his hemp, including the export tax
deduction, and he would not have to engage in a continuous performance of
Involuntarily contributing to the enrichment of the exjjorter whose cus-
tomers happen to be in the United States.
Hemp cultivation Is the only Industry worthy the name In the Philippine
Islands, and yet the hemp grower is and since American occupation always has
been the easy game of the exporter, who has dictated prices to suit his own
notion of profit, without respect to the law of demand and supply. It does
appear that the time has come for the government to champion the cause of
the grower, at least to the extent of learning whether his grievances are real
or fancied. But this can not be done by conferring alone with the exporter.
In April, 1906, an effort was made to have the Insular government grant
authority to this province to pay the freight charges on agricultural machinery
to be tested In the Albay rice fields. In and about Llbon, but it was denied.
The Libon farmers had neither implements nor animals, but they did have
pluck, and they banded together and with such crude implements as they could
devise they went to work and planted all their fields, laboring cooperatively
so to do. The crop was the largest in ten years. Polangui and Oas followed
suit, and they reaped palay sufficient to meet their needs for a year, with some
to sell. This year a school-teacher, selling disk plows for a Manila house,
chanced to drop into the province. Before he himself could realize it he had
sold every plow his principal had In stock, and more that had to be ordered.
Everywhere throughout the province to-day the fields are under cultivation,
or, where not, are being planted, and the outlook is for an unheard-of rice crop,
all of which is significant when there Is taken into account the fact that there
was brought into the province, sold, and consumed last year 675,000 sacks of
rice.
It is an erroneous impression that Albay Is only a hemp province. It grows
as well as good a quality of rice as any raised elsewhere. While its shipments
of copra did not exceed 20,000 plculs last year. It was not because there are not
thousands of cocoanut trees. The truth Is the cocoanuts are brought to the
markets fresh and sold for domestic use, bringing from 4 to 8 centavos per
cocoanut. It Is altogether likely that In no other province are cocoanuts in as
general use for preparing dishes for the table as in Albay, and It Is safe to say
that nowhere else do cocoanuts retail for as high prices as here.
Attention Is re8i)ectfully invited to recommendations made In the report for
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1906, under the subhead "Agriculture," and the
same are hereby repeated in the hope that it Is not too late for them to receive
some consideration.
COMMERCE.
It is more evident now than it was a year ago, and it was emphatically so
then, that this province will not be truly prosi)erous until it shall be given a
l)ort of entry. The proposition has been discussed at length by everybotly who
could command a hearing, but In all the discussion the point has not been made,
and no one has attempted to make It, that the province could not support
a i)ort of entry If one were established therein. There has been some disa-
greement as to whether the port of entry should be at Tabaco or Legaspl. Those
persons who view the matter from the bridge of a ship favor Tabaco because it
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 249
has the better, and perhaps safer, anchorage in its bay ; those who intelligently
see it from the counting room, the hemp late, and a customs office, know without
doubt that It should be at Legaspi, because the business is there now, and with
a port of entry there all hemp for export would be brought from Sorsogon,
Camarines, and Samar, I^egaspi being central and easy of access for these
provinces; and Sulat Pass and Coal Harbor, either an hour's sail from Legaspi,
splendid shelter for ships, large and small, aflTord safety from' the most sudden
and worst storms and, in time, are near at hand.
In the United States legislation is shaped to jealously foster and promote the
interests of producers. The denial of a port of entry to Legaspi is a gross dis-
crimination against the producers of more than one-half of the hemp of the
Philippines, in the provinces of Albay, Sorsogon, and Camarines and the island
of Samar, and in behalf of the Manila exporters, who are not Filipinos and only
a very few of whom are Americans. To an American — one who is familiar with
the history and traditions of his country — this policy seems to be foreign.
The recommendations heretofore made with respect to a port of entry for
liegaspi are renewed and early favorable action respectfully urged, in the name
of the hemp growers.
ECONOMICS.
The conditions described in the report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1906,
continue unrelieved, except that there will be a fair hemp crop harvested for
the present current year; but, as heretofore explained, the price Is so very low
that the receipts therefrom will be small in comparison to what they should, or
would, be in a normal season with all things normal.
The scarcity of real cash for transaction of business continues; shopkeep-
ers complain of dullness in trade and there are signs of lethargy.
The recommendations heretofore made on this subject are again referred
to you.
FINANCES.
The indebtedness of the province in the form of loans has been reduced to
M0,000, the same having been borrowed from the insular government to build
a second story upon the provincial carcel for provincial offices and court room.
The land-tax declarations were carefully examined by the board of tax
revision, and uniform classification and assessment of the lands effected.
Nevertheless it appeared uiwn sober reflection that in general the assessment
is too low, when it is considered how bountiful the yield of abaca is and how
high grade the rice grown in the province is, and how much soil not suited for
the culture of hemp is exactly adapted for raising an excellent quality of rice,
and accordingly it was agreed with the central board of equalization that the
assessment shall be sufficiently increased' with re8i)ect to both kinds of lands to
insure a fair asses-sed valuation, which will be relatively the market valuation
in each case.
Now that the authority has been given, the same having been made optional,
in my opinion the provincial board will increase the cost of the cedula to 2
pesos. All other provinces, doubtless, are like Albay ; their incomes are not
enough to pay salaries and ordinary exi^enses and leave a balance to build
and keep in repair roads and bridges, without which advancement along any
proper development lines is most difficult Indeed, if at all likely.
The 2-i)eso cedula will not be a hardship in this province. Wages are high
and there is employment In all months of the year for the labor of the province,
with the prospect that the demand for labor will steadily increase. For my
own part, I believe in the graduated cedula, which was provided for by the
Spaniards. I know of no good reason why the governor's muchacho should pay
as much for his cedula as is charged the governor, or rather why the gov-
ernor should not pay a great deal more for his — ^just as a graduated income tax
Is assessed. Nor can I see wherein there is anything un-American in the Idea.
What we suffer from throughout the Philippines is a lack of revenue, in
many sections, to make both governmental ends meet. We ought to be able
to find a way to materially increase receipts, and the taxes should be laid where
they will be the least felt. There are hundreds of men who should be carrying
about with them the 35 peso cedula to-day, as not a few of them are receiving
handsome salaries from the insular and provincial branches of the government.
Leave the tao off with the peso cedula. That is well and good. Then graduate
the price higher and still higher according to the hidividuars ability to pay.
250 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Repeal the law allowing the hemp export-tax refund, when the hemp is for
delivery in the United States, because, as hereinbefore pointed out, it works a
fraud against the hemp producer and fills the purse of the exporter at his ex-
pense, and, instead, place a fixed export of 25 centavos upon each picul of
hemp exported, whether it go to the United States or to Europe, Just as Great
Britain leveies an export tax upon all tin sent from Malaya to other countries.
This tax is gathered into a peninsular fund which supplies a major part of the
money to support the government. Of course the provinces contributing the
proposed hemp tax should be the beneficiaries therefrom, in part at least ; all
of it should not go to the insular government, which has income enough for its
present needs; and, besides, the time has come to put the provinces in shape
if it be expected or intended to do anything worth while for the benefit of
the greatest number.
The cash balances in the several provincial funds at the close of business
June 30, 1907, were as follows :
General fund n6, 590. 82
General fund, Catanduanes 1,093.60
Total «7, 684.51
Road and bridge fund 16.085.73
Road and bridge fund, Catanduanes 1, 285. 36
Total 17,371.09
Tabaco-Ligao road fund _ -_ -- .. - 16,347.33
School building fund 6,970.82
Provincial building fund 60.000.00
Total 83,318.15
Total balance . 118,373.75
The total provincial share of collections for the year amounted to W77,737.69,
and was distributed as follows :
General fund, including land-tax reimbursement W27,994. 76
Road and bridge fund, including land-tax reimbursement 48,742.93
Total 177, 737. 69
There was expendetl for the puriwses enumerated the following sums :
Salaries Wl,729.37
Traveling expenses 7, 735. 31
Sherirs fees i 287.28
a^urt fees 6,608.08
Ofiice supplies 14,868.38
Postage 2,042.04
Premiums, surety bonds 2,209.88
Rentals for buildings 210.00
Maintenance of prisoners 3,583.13
Permanent equipment 2, 959. 36
Alterations, repairs and maintenance of buildings 951.03
Alteration, re^mir and maintenance of bridges 7,053.20
Construction and maintenance of roads 20,172.21
Miscellaneous 18, 875. 61
Total 139,284.88
The only provincial bill unpaid Is as follows :
Court fees dating back to the year 1901 and for some time there-
after rs. 209. 23
Arrangements will be made with the auditor to withhold this amount from
ample refunds due the province. In his custody.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
This office has no official report covering the public health and sanitation of
the province, since the president of the [irovlnclal board of health was legis-
lated out of his position a year ago. He was succeeded by a district health of-
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 261
ficer who located at Nueva Gaceres, GamarineB, and bas given but very little of
his time to Albay.
Fortunately, as already stated, the province has been visited by no epidemics.
Malarial fever and calentura are pres^it in some of the municipalities, but in
mild form. Some cases of malarial fever having appeared at Camp Daraga, the
surgeons looked into its origin, the camp always having been free of it, and con-
cluded that it was brought from Lucena by troeps sent there, from Camp
Daraga to the rifle range for practice and instruction. It spread to civilians in
the vicinity, carried by mosquitos which examinations previously disclosed
were not of the malaria variety, but which by subsequent examinations are so
classed.
The provincial carcel, as it has periodically ever since American occupation,
and for years prior thereto, furnished about the usual percentage of beriberi
cases during the year.
In a number of towns the water supply is impregnated with deleterious sub-
stances, from various causes, which produce sickness. The municipalities
wherein this condition exists, by circular, have been advised to furnish public
driven wells, for general use, and to encourage residents to provide them for"
private and family use, but the advice has gone unheeded.
This was done last year in the capital of the Camarines, Nueva Caceres, and
the sick rate which was alarmingly high was greatly reduced.
It is suggested that the board of health through its representative in this dis-
trict interest itself in inducing municipal officials to realize the importance of
seeing to it that the drinking-water supply be as free as possible from disease-
breeding germs, and that in the absence of artesian wells, driven wells are the
next best. The cost for pump, pipe, and labor for such a well is small — com-
pared with the good flowing therefrom it is as nothing. The health officer's
opinion is bound to be of more weight in such a matter than the layman*s, and
if he has not the power to force compliance with such orders he should be
given it without delay, as he should in many other things relating to the public
health and sanitation. His powers should be absolute, without the right of ap-
peal.
He should name and fix the salary for municipal health officers, removable
at his pleasure. He should be permitted to organize municipalities into health
districts, each district to have a health officer to be appointed by him. Munic-
ipalities will not take the initiative to do this, because each will have a favorite
for health officer and will not agree to consolidation imless promised the partic-
ular person preferred. Municipal health officers should be required to see and
treat the indigent sick upon the municipal president's request.
The provincial officials have had burdened upon them much annoyance grow-
ing out of the refusal of the municipalities of Tabaco and Legaspl to pay the
salaries fixed by the director of public health to their municipal health officers.
Only the district health officer has Jurisdiction to compel compliance with the
law, and he is at Nueva Caceres.
In the year since the abolition of the office of president of the provincial
board of health, according to his own figures, the district health officer has
spent but thirty-nine days in Albay, and this Includes the days employed In
traveling to and returning from here to the Camarines ; and he was, or will be,
paid by the province of Albay a salary from January 1, 1907, to June 30, 1907,
in the sum of ^1,040, or at the rate of about KO a day for the thirty-nine days
given the province by him. It would be cheaper to hire a physician when
needed. There have been no inspections of towns — ^no assistance, no counsel;
practically nothing. It is not meant lo censure the incumbent, as he acts under
orders from Manila, goes when told to go, and remains at his headquarters
when not ordered away. It Is the system which invites attack; and without
hesitation there Is voiced herein the belief of the provincial board and people
generally that the experience of this province is that the district health officer
is a failure and a costly one at that. That this province Is entitled, because of
its importance and its geographical arrangement — Its mainland and Its cluster
of islands, most of which are difficult to reach and yet which should be fre-
quently visited — to have a provincial health officer, one assigned solely to
Albay, by whatever name it may please the law to call him, there can be no
reasonable doubt.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
The municipal elections in December lacked the animation of that of the
former year, which was natural, because presidents were not to be elected and
252 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
the conncllmen to be chosen would have no membership In an electoral college
for the choosing of a governor. None of the elections was annulled. There
were few feeble protests, but these were filed more out of a wish that they
might be than a conviction that the elections should be set aside.
The law requiring an officeholder to resign his office to be a candidate for
another office is without precedent in the United States and seems new and
strange to Americans, whiles Filipinos regard it as a punishment for entertain-
ing an ambition to hold another office.
To the provincial board the effect of the law would be nmusing If it placed
less resi)onsii)ility upon the membera in the naming of successors to fill va-
cancies, and provoked many less communications asking for constructions of
the law ; as, for example, whether a deputy sheriff or notary public or lieuten-
ant of barrio must resign to be eligible to election to a seat in a municipal
council.
Something like 25 such resignations already have been received, and election
day is more than four months distant.
The three assembly districts have had presented to their voters, the candi-
datures of a goodly number of gentlemen, all well known for their conserva-
tism and stability, so that the province in any event may rely upon being sin-
cerely rei)resented in its manifold interests.
The new election law gave rise to a multiple of questions from the munlci-
imlities, which, when very important and involving the spirit of the law, were
promptly resubmitted to the executive bureau, Manila.
PUBLIC nUILDINOS.
Plans and specifications for a second st(»ry to be erected upon the present
provincial carcel, to be used for the accommodation of provincial offices, a
court room, court offices, and offices for representatives of the insular govern-
ment in the persons of the district engineer, the district auditor, the superinten-
dent of schools, and any others who may be stationed here, were adopted long
ago, but work has not been commenced.
The original appropriation and loan to undertake the said improvement was
P35,000, which was not half enough. The insular government increased the
loan to f»fJO,000, but this was not sufficient. Accordingly, it was decided to de-
posit the total amount of the appropriation in banks, to draw Interest, until the
earnings should bring up the total to approximaetly M5,000. The excess be-
yond ^)5,()00, necessiiry to complete the building in accordance with the plans
and specifications, will be appropriated by the provincial board from the pro-
vincial funds.
The large and beautiful site — Casa Real, 60 ares — covering an entire block,
flanking ttie i)rovincial plaza at Albay, was ceded to the insular government by
the provincial government, on which to erect a building to be used as district
constabulary headquarters. The design of the building to be erected is attrac-
tive and Imposing, and the cost to build the same will be approximately
^)2,()00. The work on the provincial building and the constabulary building,
it is intende<i to begin at the same time, and by the 1st of next March both
should be occupied.
The RKTetary of etlucation has been solicited to favor an appropriation of
M0,000 from the school building fund, set aside for his apportionment among
the i)rovinces, to construct a two-story building on the old administration-build-
ing site, also facing the provincial plaza on the side opiwslte the old Casa Real
site, the building to l)e used as a trades school on the first floor and as a boys'
dormitory on the second. This building is badly needed, and the high school is
inadecpiate to furnish space for the purpose. Besides, if the old administration-
building site shall be utilized for such a building, the Spanish plan, by which
at either end and on either side of the provincial plaza there was a building, all
forming a harmonious whole, will be renewed and the character and class of the
edifices Improved.
PUBLIC WORKS.
No new road or bridge work to speak of has been done since July 1, 1906.
The building of a road from VIrac to Bato, island of Catanduanes, was started,
but it was stoi)peil because the foreman in charge could not get labor to do the
work.
The road from I^egaspi to Llbon, a distance of 30 miles, and the Gogon road,
Daraga to Legaspl, 3 miles, have been kept in good repair.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS.
253
The bridges from Legaspi to Libon, many of them of heavy masonry, con-
structed by the Spaniards fifty, sixty, and seventy years ago, have been put In
as good repair perhaps as they had been at any time since they were finished,
concrete being used with which to do the worlt. Forty-four bridges and culverts
In all were repaired In the province.
This road, from Legaspi to Libon, doubtless is the best stretch of road in the
Pbilippine Islands. The bridge over the Banao River, a splendid Spanish struc-
ture, was washed out by a flood some years ago, leaving a missing link in this
incomparable highway, which It Is expected will be supplied before the close of
the present calendar year. It Is the intention to place in its stead a reenforced
concrete bridge of one span and no center pier, to cost about ?=30,000. Then a
toll Is to be fixed for vehicles, with the expectation that the receipts for five
years will be equal to the original cost of the bridge, and thus leave It- to the
province free of cost.
There is still hope that a road from Legaspi to Tabaco may be constructed,
following the route of the one maintained in the days of the old regime. Then
work on the Vlrac-Bato road. If at all practicable, will be resumed, and it is in
mind to build a road from Pandan to Caramoran, Island of Catanduanes.
The total cost of the maintenance of each road for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1907, and the cost per mile per year Is seen In the subjoined table ;
July
AufUflt
September-
October
November..
December —
January —
February-
March
Aprfl-_i
May
June
Total
Cost per mile per year..
Legaspf-
Qogon
Bridge re-
pair.
Tabaco-TiwI
Llbon road
road (3
road (8
(28 miles).
miles) .
f»118.84
miles).
n,861.(M
X 37.50
f»192..50
816.79
59.67
100.50
168.00
311.75
54.99
663.61
181.73
790. 1»
60.00
411.91
190.50
788.7(5
57.00
236. U
190.50
800.22
60.00
3n.32
192.50
091.50
60.00
526.68
161.03
831.60
146.50
478.55
172.50
876.65
60.00
171.83
927. 8J
50.33
728.03
185.15
975.57
60.00
753.41
192.60
906.49
60.00
180.65
190.60
10,571.30
85'>.33
4.488.30
2,189.24
378.00
2»5.0O
271.00
I am wire It was a mistake to abolish the office of provincial supervisor and
substitute therefor the office of district engineer. I did not think it was when
the provincial governors were in session in Manila and the almost unanimous
sentiment was arrayed against the change.
Few provinces do more work than Albay on public roads. Here the work
can not be neglected even for a moment ; it must be kept up throughout the year ;
especially must the Legaspi-Libon and the Tabaco-Tiwl roads be maintained In
good repair. It is regretted that the latter is not in as good condition as it
should be and that no new road building has been planned. This is nobody's
fault: It is due to the reorganization of the engineer corps, the placing of an
engineer in charge of the public works in the provinces of Albay. Sorsogon, and
Camarlnes, instead of in one of these provinces — for example: the attempt to
have him serve three masters, a task much more difficult of performance than to
serve two, which latter in all ages has not been a celebrated success.
I venture the assertion that no one of the three provinces In this district is
content with the change. There is naught against the individual. Tender the
circumstances, a prince of his profession could not please. District engineers
are not wanted by the public any more than by the officials for the reasons
cited. I^t me illustrate. The provincial board on February 14 asked for an
estimate of the probable cost of a bridge over the Banao River between Ligao
and Gulnobatan, and up to this date none has been received. Since about the
same time a rei>ort on a scheme to restore the street canal system for running
water in the capital, Albay, has been awaited and not^ without murmuring on
the part of the members of the provincial board and the president and council
of Albay.
Returning In February from an inspection of the upcountry towns — nine of
them all told — I requested through the provincial board estimates touching
proposed Improvements by these municipalities and other information, but none
is forthcoming. The municipal officials very naturally suspect that I gave no
254 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
concern to these matters. The Tabaco-Tlwi road needs to be carefully Inspected
and placed in good repair before the rainy season shall set in, but it is incon-
venient to reach Tabaco.
The district engineer is kept constantly on the go. When he is in one province
each of the others has something for him to do there — something which provin-
cial officials imagine he should drop all else to look after. This is human nature,
and if he be absent in each of or in the two other provinces a month, six weeks,
or two months and then return to Albay, he has to learn Albay anew. Ck)nceive
of three counties in the State of (Jhlo or the State of Virginia with one county
surveyor and how long the scheme would be tolerated by taxpayers. True, an
American legislative body would not consider such a thing.
I have visited several provinces in the past year, talked with a great many
provincial officials, and do not recall one who thought well of the change. There
are provinces, many of them, which do not require the services of an engineer —
a road foreman or builder ^ill answer In lieu — ^whereas the provinces that do
need to have the services of civil engineers want to have them available every
day in the year. And, moreover, the provinces should be permitted to select
the engineer to be assigned to them. An eligible list might be kept at Manila;
but no province should have put upon it a man not desired — a man unsuited for
the particular class of work to be done in that province. While it is unwittingly
done, I doubt not, still it often occurs that when an American becomes us^ul
lo a province and is liked by the people, who prefer to have him remain among
them, he is transferred to some other province, where in instances I have
known he was less useful and not at all popular. The question often has been
asked me in this province why this or that appointee was sent away, when
everybody wished to have him stay, and I know of no man who thus has gone
away from Albay who has not longed to be back. I never go about the prov-
ince that I do not have frequent inquiries about the health and welfare of such
persons from Filipinos. The insular authorities should be glad to keep the
Americans identified with the government In the provinces in which they have
proved their usefulness and won the confidence and respect of the natives, and
when it is the wish of the latter that they shall continue In their positions and
not be sent away. If higher salaries have been earned, allow them without the
necessity of transfer. They should never be driven out because of pique toward
them on the part of other Americans.
NATURAL RESOURCES.
The natural resources of the province arc no longer secrets, but have fre-
quently been the topic of report's and of articles In periodicals, so that it is
unnecessary to mention them at length.
The coal deposits of the Island of Batan, however, have come into no little
prominence only recwitly, and it would be remiss not to advert to the subject.
Coal is being mined in Batan and ships are being coaled therefrom. A mine
on the coast owned and operated by private parties Is producing, it is reliably
reported, 70 tons per day and merchantmen, coast-guard cutters, and other
craft to the number of 22 are buying the coal they consume from this mine,
which Is giving satisfaction.
I'P to the present time coal mined in Batan is of the surface variety, but as
the tunneling progresses beyond, the quality becomes better, and ere long it
should be, as tests heretofore made determine it to be, the equal, if not the supe-
rior, of Australian and Japanese coals.
In some respects It Is unlike any other bituminous coal, if it may be thus
classified. It reduces to a fine white ash under heat, forms no clinkers, and
vapor rather than smoke escapes from Its combustion. It has to be* used dif-
ferently from any other coal and should be banked in the furnace and kept
banked ; under no circumstances should it be stoked. The furnace, furthermore,
should be provided with fine grate bars close together.
Its cleanliness, cheapness, and tremendous heating capacity commend It to
mariners especially, and In time it is confidently thought bunkers will require
no more space for a supply of Batan coal for a voyage of any particular
number of days than is now required for Australian coal, the difference at
present being about 20 or 25 per cent against Batan coal, which difference is
more than made up In the low cost of Batan coal, the same being furnished on
board ship at ?^J>0 per ton. Compared with Japanese coal, 10 per cent less
in bulk is required for steaming any given number of days, the strongest imag-
inable argument why there should be no delay in making arrangements to coal
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 256
transports from the Batan mines when the military branch of the Government
shall be ready to do so from its reservation, and meantime from existing mines
If their output be sufficient.
The military branch of the Government, on or about the first of the year, paid
the purchase price of W00,000 for certain lands in Batan bought by it from two
residents of Albay, and Congress declared it to be a reservation. Congress neg-
lected, nevertheless, to make an appropriation to mine and develop its coal
interests, and only lately has the division commander managed to secure per-
mission to explore this possession. No doubt the rumors of probable war with
Japan impressed officials at Washington with the grave risk taken over here in
not having a huge coal pile in the sole control of the United States Government.
The Island of Batan is reached by the way of San Bernardino Strait or by
Rapu-Rapu Strait. The Coast and Geodetic Survey discovered and has indicated
on charts a narrow but very deep channel through each to Legaspi, passing
the island of Batan. Both of these straits are vast networks of reefs, and be-
fore the present channels were discovered and indicated on the maps it was
difficult and even dangerous to enter either. In case of war these self-same
reefs might be turned into natural defenses, and with the aid of artificial de-
fenses and explosives entrance through either one of these straits could be easily
and completely blocked, and that, too, without the expenditure of either much
time or labor.
Batan Is but 18 miles distant from the course traveled by the transports be-
tween Manila and San Francisco. Once the Government has its mines in opera-
tion, no trouble will be experienced in coaling transiwrts in one of the harbors
of the Island of Batan instead of at Nagasaki. Moreover, the two days lost in
going to Nagasaki for coal will be recovered and the Journey between the
islands and the United States reduced to a like extent.
Batan has a number of very good ports. Coal Harbor is the best because the
largest, and it can afford anchorage for several of the deepesjt seagoing ships at
the same time. Coal Harbor, which was lately discovered and chartered by the
Coast and Geodetic Survey, abuts the military reservation. There are also
some smaller deep-water harbors well protected against both monsoons.
As the outlook is for the development of Batan coal into an iudustry of con-
siderable magnitude, it should be accorded the hearty en(?t)uragement of the
civil branch of the Government and should not suffer from indifference. The
coal-claim law should be amended so that the outlay of a large amount of
money by individuals or companies to perfect a claim would not be necessary.
A claim in the island of Batan contains 64 hectares. To secure a patent the
charge is W,400 or M,200, depending upon the distance the director of public
lands may hold Legaspi, the nearest port is from the claim sought to be per-
fected. In either case the cost is too high to Induce persons to explore and
develop. There are outcropplngs throughout the island, It Is true, but the best
stratum of the coal Is far below the surface, necessitating shafting, with Invest-
ment in costly machinery ; and not every hole sunk will locate veins that will
prove facile and profitable.
The Government through Its branches expends a great deal of money annually
for coal, and all of this money is sent out of tbe country. If it shall be kept
here it will constitute no small contribution to the era of prosperity so long
promised and so patiently waited for by Filipinos and Americans alike.
STATE OF ORDER.
The excellent state of good order already has been elaborated upon herein
and there Is no occasion for further eraphaslsfilng the condition beyond citing
the criminal record for the year as Indicated by the court calendar.
There were instituted 81 prosecutions and 11 prisoners were given Blllbld
sentences, the highest being three years, excepting in one case of homicide, the
culprit receiving twelve years.
There were 20 persons convicted of misdemeanors and sentenced to short
terms in the provincial jail or to pay small fines.
There were 26 acquittals and dismissals, 22 cases remaining yet to be tried.
FUSION.
The nine towns of the island of Catanduanes were consolidated into five. -As
was anticipated, the people of the towns which were absorbed by the one which
carried the name of the new municipality were somewhat displeased. Because
256 . REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
of their affection for the town of their birth and the liome of their fathers,
naturally they held some resentment; but they are becoming reconciled and the
assertion is risked that in course of time they will be heartily conformable to
the new condition because of the ability of the present municipalities as now
organized to pay salaries and accounts when due.
The provincial treasurer rei)orts that the new towns are self-supporting, with
balances on hand to make improvements, the only embarrassment they suffer
from being the indebtedness inherited from the old towns, which were not self-
supporting, some of them not paying salaries for ns long a period as two yearfi.
The fusion of the towns of Legaspi, Albay, and Daraga is again urgently
recommended. As indicated in previous reports made by this office and Treas-
ury Examiner Dean, these towns form one continuous and uninterrupted settle-
ment from the Gulf of Albay to and into the heart of Daraga, a distance of
not more than 3 miles. The stranger passing from one of these towns to the
other and thence to the third is unable to make out where the limits of any
one ends and the other begins.
The population and buildings are more dense than In Hollo and the barrios
of Jaro and Molo. This proi)osed fusion would give to the province a city of
the first class, with a population of 41,950 according to the census, but more
nearly 50,000 in fact, and the consolidated towns should carry the historic
name Legaspi, as has been recommended heretofore.
Furthermore, the consolidated towns to be kaown as I^egaspi would be self-
supporting, with a comfortable balance for improvements. Now fjegaspl is
far behind In the payment of salaries; the ix)lice have not received their sal-
aries for two months; Albay is always struggling, . its receipts barely paying
salaries, with not funds available for the I'epalr of roads or buildings. The
reconstruction of the presldencla was begun but had to be abandoned on this
account. Daraga, once the chief commercial town of the three municipalities,
is a victim of n»trogression. Before the Insurrection it had the distinction
of being the most beautiful pueblo In the Philippines, but Its palatial man-
sions and attractive shop buildings were destroyed, and since that time no
effort, public or private, has been made to restore its beauty or its commercial
activity. It must be rejuvenated, and to become a part of a first-class city will
tend to assist it in doing so.
Men of capacity, progressive men, men who are for upbuilding will not be
candidates for the offices in these towns under existing conditions. There is no
inducement. There is no hope to do anything for the public good or to make
for development. With the towns consolidated into one it would be different.
The kind of men who make communities pros|)erous and great would stand for
and be elected to office, and soon I^egaspl would take rank with Cebu, Hollo, and
Zamboanga. Fusion must be a good thing for all concerned in it or in the
I'nited States we would not have a greater New York, a greater Chicago, and
a greater Pittsburg. There can be no valid objection to fusion by even the
imliticians. When the governor was elected by a college of officials — the vice-
presidents and councilors — the politician did not relish the proiwsltlon for
fusion. But under the new law the governor is chosen by popular vote and
fusion would not affect the result in any wise. Then at this time the presidents
of I>araga and Albay, each having served two terms, are not eligible for reelec-
tion, and it is not probable that the president of Legaspi cares to contest for
another two years of strenuous officeholdlng.
I know of no serious objection to fusion. I have been told If there were
fusion and the municipal buildings were placed at Albay the distance from
Legaspi to go to pay taxes would work inconvenience and expense to taxpay-
ers. This objection falls of Its own weight. From the presidencia Legaspi to
the presidencia Albay Is not to exceed a mile and a half. People come from a
much longer distance In Manila to pay taxes and think nothing of It. In the
Ignited States a person no farther distant from the city hall In a first-class city
would speak of living " downtown.'* But this objection Is easily overcome. The
municipal treasurer could and would send a clerk every now and then for a
definite number of days to Daraga and legaspi for the sale of cedulas and the
collection of other taxea The provincial treasurer has said that, in case of
consolidation, he would approve of It, so that objection Is removed.
I know of no other real or fancied objet^tion. Considerable adjacent territory
of both Daraga and Legaspi Is nearer the presidencia at Albay than It Is to the
I)resldencla of Daraga or Legaspi. It seems opportune to make the order for
fusion at this time, when nobody and no interest can be hurt thereby.
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 267
PUBLIC INSTBUCTIOW.
The importance of public instruction coming next after property, life security,
and health protection is keenly appreciated by all classes of our residents, and
the public schools are met with little, if any, opposition from any element.
The problem here is how to get the greatest number of children of school
age into the schools. This means into the primary schools — ^into the little red
schoolhouses, as we are wont to say at home. Poverty, indifference or ignorance
of parents, long distances to walk, and customary uses to which child labor is
put contribute to keep no small percentage of children of school age away from
the schools.
No set of persons can do more to assist in having these children sent to school
than the municipal officials, including the members of the municipal councils.
This Is obvious, and there is evidence of the fact in the towns where this aid
is cheerfully rendered in contrast with the towns where the officials lend no
encouragement whatever.
The enrollment for the year was 10342 ; but all these did not attend through-
out the year. When the schools were resumed, after the long vacation, the en-
rollment was only 6,877. The superintendent of schools states " in these sta-
tistics may be found one of the difficulties of the school work ; that is, the irreg-
ular attendance of children in the first and second grades.*' After pupils have
been at school for a couple of years, he says, the difficulty does not longer exist,
a t&ct established by the reports of attendance, which always show a very high
percentage, almost 100, in the third and higher grades. The average attendance
for the month immediately preceding the long vacation was but 4,834, a little
more than one-third of what the average attendance upon the public schools
should be, to wit, 13,350 children, according to the rule of one-eighteenth of the
total population of 240,326, the figures of the official census.
There are maily private schools, so called, where the alphabet, reading, and
the catechism are taught. These are generously distributed in the province and
attract not a few children. They are denominational, and this may be assigned
as the reason.
The province has a paucity of public school buildings, something not to its
credit, but which can not well be overcome because municipal effort and rev-
enues must be relied upon to supply them. There are 23 municipalities in the
province ; there are but 9 of these provided" with municipal schoolhouses owned
by the public. Besides more than half the barrio schools occupy rented houses
or dwellings let gratuitously.
Industrial instruction has been begun and has been attended with consider-
able progress Glasses in agriculture and carpentry are taught. The carpentry
class in the year just closed made and sold to the municipality of Albay 35 school
desks of the Kirtland pattern, besides 50 of the same kind of desks for the pro-
vincial school. In addition there were made numerous cupboards, lockers, tables,
and carpenter's benches. Work in bamboo also was done and a number of light,
strong, and serviceable tables were made and sold. Instruction was given in
agriculture, but it was interfered with by rains and winds, and tillable ground
was difficult to acquire.
In the I^gaspi central school the larger boys, together with the teachers, made
90 school desks at considerable less cost than they could have been bought in
the market. Most of the schools in the provinces did gardening, and some did
very well.
Handiwork, such as the making of rulers, baskets, articles of bamboo, minia-
ture agricultural implements, and articles of furniture on the part of the boys,
and plain sewing, embroidery, and the making of fancy articles by the girls,
according to the superintendent, was carried on in most of the schools. These
articles were collected and placed on exhibition in Albay during June when the
normal institute was in session. Prizes were awarded to 16 pupils and a num-
ber of the articles were sold to visitors. During the institute the entire body
of municipal teachers received instruction every afternoon along industrial lines
in order to prepare them as well as might be done to teach systematically the
handiwork and industries prescribed by the new course of study. The interest
of the teachers was most gratifying, and augurs well for the success of the work
the present year. There were classes of carpentry, bamboo work (the making
of chairs and tables), hat making, basket weaving, two classes of gardening, a
class in plain sewing, and instruction in clay modeling, paper pulp map making,
and several different kinds of busy work useful with the small children. Three
11024r— WAB 1907— VOL 7 17
258 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
native artisans were employed by the province to aid in teaching hat and basket
weaving and bamboo furniture making.
The superintendent further says that most of the municipalities in the prov-
ince have ordered gardening tools and materials for sewing for the schools, and
a number are also buying carpentry tools ; and the only lack in the prosecution
of industrial work is that of trained teachers. However, this need will gradually
be supplied and it will not be long until the wholesome effect of this very prac-
tical and useful instruction will be felt throughout the province.
The greatest need in the way of equipment is a school of arts and crafts at
Albay in connection with the high school, where young men can be taught and
trained as artisans and teachers. The provincial board has by resolution called
the attention of the Philippine Commission to this need, and has requested as-
sistance in the building of a combined trade school and dormitory for Ijoys, here-
tofore mentioned.
It is with no little satisfaction that the good feeling existing between the
superintendent of schools and the teachers under him is referred to because
anteriorly this province suffered from an absence of harmony and reciprocal
kindly relations In this respect. It Is a pleasure to meet and converse with
the teachers of the province. As a whole, they are exceptionally capable, and
not being under unusual restraint, they are free to take the initiative and exer-
cise their own judgment when required. They get among the Filipinos and In
many w-ays outside the schoolroom make themselves valuable to the community
in which they abide in the promotion of the general well-being thereof.
HOT SPBINGS OF TIWI.
The hot springs of Tiwi were celebrated among the Spaniards as well as the
natives for the curative property of their waters, and on the occasion of the
recurring festival of Santa Salvaclon, the 10th of August, thousands of i)er-
gons, old and young, decrepit, deformed, diseased — the maimed, the halt, the
blind — make pllgrlpaages In quest of relief from their sufferings and restora-
tion to sound limbs and bodies and the sense to see. And they go away, many
of them. In the belief that they have been healed or benefited.
That the water contains medical virtues has been clearly evidenced in the
treatment of many cases since American occupation. The army surgeons sta-
tioned in southern Luzon knew of the remedial qualities of these hot springs,
and soldiers suffering from blood disorders before the same became chronic
frequently were sent to Tiwi. From the baths taken there they returned
seemingly In good health.
The springs cover a half mile square at least. They are many. One in imr-
tlcular Is wide, long, and deep and the water so clear that the bottom is plainly
seen from the top, while the temperature is intensely high.
A pool for bathing, covered by a rude shed, provides the means therefor.
Two streams i)aralleling one another lead to this pool. They have their origin
In Mount Mayon. The water of one Is very hot; that of the other very cold.
Gates are arranged in each so that they may be raised or lowered to admit
the water in such volume from each stream as to furnish the bather with a
temperature to suit him. Then* all about columns of vapor here and there may
be seen, rising to a height of 20 to 25 feet.
It Is quite common to boll eggs and corn In the water In a few minutes.
There are no such other springs in the Islands anywhere. That bathing in
the water will cure rheumatism Is certain. It Is said It will cure paralysis and
some of the most terrible of the diseases of the blood.
There is no analysis of the water on file in Manila, but there should be. It
is believed from what has been seen and hoard with regard to the springs
and from what army surgeons who have visited them think and state that it
will repay the trouble and expense which the Government would incur to send
a chemist here to report upon the same.
A'ery respectfully.
Oil AS. A. Reynolds,
Qovernor of the Province of Albay.
The ExEcuTivK Secretary,
Manila, 1\ I,
BEPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 259
Report of the Pbovincial Govebnob of Ambos Camabines.
[Translation]
Office of the Govebnob,
Pbovince of Ambos Camabines,
Nueva CAceres, July IS, 1907.
Sib : In accordance with law, I have the honor to forward the annual rei)ort
for the fiscal year 1007 of the most important events which have occurred In
the government and administration of this province.
Before entering upon the report proper I have the honor to state that all the
municipalities of this province are enjoying the most complete i>eace and tran-
quillity and at no time have there been disturbances by brigands or ladrones.
I consider public tranquillity one of the most essential conditions for the de-
velopment and prosperity of the municipalities, for It is notorious that in
places where public order is disturbed agriculture, industry, and commerce suf-
fer paralyzatlon and can not develop as they should, and It is therefore the
cause of Immense losses and disturbances to the economic life of the munici-
palities, the consequences of which are reflected in the various manifestations
of life. This is the cause of the great crises that are wont to travei'se our
municipalities and from which the Philippines are now suffering.
Although in that part of the province- which borders on Tayabas Province,
as in the municipalities of Capalonga, Mambulao, Paracale, and Ragay, certain
public disorders have occurred owing to the presence of the brigand chiefs
Caba^'o and Avlla; nevertheless they are not of Importance, since the former
was killed by the constabulary in a hut in one of the barrios of the municipality
of Capalonga. His capture was due to secret information which I had, as a
result of which the president of Capalonga, accompanied by a number of
constabulary, repaired to said place. With respect to Avlla, I expect that he
will soon be taken, alive or dead, for the constabulary are pursuing him.
As to the general condition of the province there is very little change from
what I stated in my report of last year. This is due to the precarious condi-
tion resulting from the same cause, namely, the scarcity of carabaos for farm-
ing, and which I consider essential for even the partial restoration of the
province, since without them It would be difficult If not Impossible to restore
it to the original condition in which it was before these animals were decimated
by the terrible rinderpest.
AGBICULTUBE.
Agriculture continues in the same condition as stated in my last report, and
it may be said that it is now even worse off, due to causes which I will
enumerate.
The inhabitants of the province can not be blamed for the present conditions,
for the fact that they have not secured the fruits of their labors Is due to causes
entirely foreign to their intents and desires. Nearly all the farmers who had
the m^ans planted rice more or less extensively, according to their means ; some
with their own carabaos and others by borrowing money. This was the case
in the rlce-growlng municipalities, which constitute the larger part of this prov-
ince, and whose principal product is rice* Yet, since the American occupation,
and owing to the high price of abaca and the death of carabaos, many
have engaged In planting abaca ; and it may be said without exaggeration that,
though formerly only a small part of the lands of this province were planted
to abaca, It has now doubled, so that the production of abaca constitutes at
the present time the principal article of exr)ort, and has kept the Inhabitants
from hunger, which they would have suffered were it not for this plant. As
I have stated, a large extent of rice lands was planted owing to the efforts
which the farmers and landowners made, and one-third of the rice lands
of the province was planted, according to a conservative estimate. The crop
was favored by the weather, for there was no scarcity of rain, which, though
not so abundant as was hoi)ed for, was nevertheless sufficient. Hence rice had
an extraordinary growth, as it was the first crop In four years, due to the death
of carabaos, and, moveover, according to old residents, to the fact that
the land was Idle for four ^tars; In short, because everything was very favor-
able to the farmer and a relatively abundant crop was anticipated. I foresaw
this myself on my official inspection of the municipalities. When the time for
heading arrived all was promising, so a good crop was expected and the farm-
ers were overjoyed ; but their rejoicing was shortlived, for when the harvest time
260 BBPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION,
arrived and the farmers had but a little while to wait to gather the fruits of
their labor a new calamity appeared (as if those we had suffered were not
sufficient) in the form of rats and night insects. It is pitiful when large tracts
of lands are planted to rice and matured and in condition to harvest to see the
crops vanish in a night as if by enchantment. Many may doubt this, but it Is
true, for it is the unanimous statement of all the farmers, and personally I
have not the least doubt in the matter, since I am one of the sufferers. This is
the reason why I consider the present condition of the province more critical
than that of the previous fiscal year; the farmers have suffered another loss,
and those whose farms were mortgaged have suffered an additional burden,
instead of having their sad condition alleviated.
However, in spite of all these calamities and misfortunes, the farmers have
never lost hope, and this year, to my knowledge, they are again planting rice,
hoping that they will be recompensed this time for their labors. It gives me
the greatest pleasure to note this constancy. I continually encourage the farmers
to be preservering ; and I have told the municipal presidents and councils to
do likewise.
One of the causes of the paralyzation of agriculture is the excessive mortality
of animals, not only carabaos, but also other cattle and horses, and which still
continues. Live stock was one of the sources of wealth of this province, so
much so that other provinces were supplied by it with all kinds of domestic
animals, but unfortunately we now have to get our supply of animals from
other provinces and, moreover, without the assurance that they are free from
rinderpest. Some farmers, wishing to plant their rice lands, bought 10 or 20
carabaos; but after a relatively short time they died, the victims of diseases
the origin of which is unknown so far.
Taking into account the high price of carabaos at this time, ranging from
^120 to nso per head, the great losses caused will be seen. And apart from
this crisis there are other sufficiently weighty affairs to dishearten the most
courageous.
In my last report I stated that the production of abaca had diminished con-
siderably during the fiscal year 1905-6 in consequence of the heavy tempest
which devastated this province in the month of September, 1905, and the
drought, so that it may be asserted that the production had dropped off about
one-half; but I am pleased to state that during the last six months of the past
year all the abaca plantations began to recover, so that the production has
increased about 30 to 35 per cent during the present year, and I feel certahi
that by the end of the year it will have resumed its normal condition.
COMMEBCE.
Commerce in the province has also been in a critical condition, as if other
calamities which this country has suffered were not sufficient.
As I had occasion to state in my report of last year, abaca is the principal
article of export from this province; it is the product which in the main has
sustained the inhabitants; in other words, were it not for this article famine
would have been the inevitable result, for in spite of the fact that a little rice
has been harvested, the price of rice is still almost as high as formerly.
Commerce has continued in the same condition, with the exception of small
changes in the prices of articles which are the object of trade in this province,
such as abaca, rice, and copra, and other articles of secondary importance, not
necessary here to mention.
However, about a month ago the price of abaca in this locality began to fall
at an alarming rate, and in an extraordinary and unaccustomed manner, as a
result of which there was a fall of W per picul. This decrease will undoubtedly
affect everybody, some directly and others indirectly, and carry with It as a
certain consequence the raising of prices of almost everything, and especially
of rice.
FOBESTBT.
The province is very rich in forest products. It has all kinds of timber
known in this country; but it is very difficult to cut and secure, first, because
of the want of draft animals (carabaos), and, secondly, because the valuable
timber is found in the interior of the forests and Is difficult to take out.
Other information concerning this subject I have already had occasion to set
forth in my last report, and I refrain from mentioning it at this time, as there
has been no change.
As to the mineral resources of this province the same remark applies.
BBPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNOBS. 261
FUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
In general the condition of public health is satisfactory, with the exception
of a few cases of smallpox and traces of cholera of but little importance.
The following is furnished by the sanitary authorities of this province :
" From July 1, 1906, 80 deaths from smallpox were reported during the first
three quarters of the fiscal year — ^first quarter, before my arrival in the prov-
ince, 45 deaths ; second quarter, 28 ; and third, 7. No cases have been reported
during the fourth quarter. The majority of these cases occurred in munici-
palities from San Fernando to Libmanan, and were due to neglect of proper
vaccination in previous years, vaccinations having been made, but with virus
which had not received the proper care. September 28, 1906, a systematic
vaccination of that part of the province known as Camarines Sur was begun at
Ragay, a group of 23 vaccinators being employed under my personal direction
and supervision. No cases of smallpox having been reported from Camarines
Norte, that district has been left un vaccinated until the province of Albay (ex-
cepting Catanduanes) is completed. While the vaccinators are primarily en-
gaged to vaccinate, one of their duties is that of sanitary inspector, carrying
out my directions in placing each municipality In which they are vaccinating in
as good a sanitary condition as possible. This was a necessary provision, as my
inspection of towns shortly after arrival in the province revealed the worst
possible sanitation or rather absolute neglect of any sanitation whatever.
" With the exception of two municipalities, Tlnambac and Slruma, all towns
of Camarines Sur were thoroughly vaccinated with fresh virus, the work being
completed May 27, 1907, eight months after beginning, 190,031 persons having
been vaccinated, with from 65 to 70 per cent successful result.
" The result of this work was immediately apparent. In towns where small-
pox had existed from time immemorial the disease has been completely stamped
out. The result will be even more apparent as the present generation matures,
when the pock-marked person will be an exception rather than the rule, as
to-day.
'* Upon arriving in the province the northern part that borders upon Tayabas
was threatened with an invasion of cholera from that province where the
disease prevailed. Great efforts were made to place the town of Ragay in the
best possible sanitary condition. This was accomplished notwithstanding the
indifference and lack of cooperation on the part of the town ofllcials, and I
am happy to say that the dread disease did not invade this province. Had it
done so before placing this town and those bordering on the Bicol River in a
better state of sanitation its ravages probably would have been frightful.
" Malarial infections, easily preventable, have claimed 1,463 victims during
the first nine months of the year. Owing to the incomplete rendering of reports
this does not represent the true number, which, according to the average mor-
tality, would be over 2,000. There is but one way to prevent this disease,
and, while I have urged it rei)eatedly, it seems almost an impossibility to get
a result — the mosquito bar, without the universal use of which loss of life will
continue to be the penalty.
** Four hundred and ten infants have died from convulsions during these
nine months, according to reports received, which does not represent the entire
number. A conservative estimate, based on the average mortality, would place
the number above 500. This is due, mainly, to Incorrect diet and lack of care.
The mortality could be greatly reduced If mothers could be prevailed upon to
refrain from giving their babies solid food before 9 or 10 months of age, and
then sparingly.
** Tubercular diseases have claimed 321 victims, needlessly sacrificed to
' custom.' I refer to the custom of shutting out all ventilation i)088lble during
sleeping hours. Fresh air Is the greatest enemy of the germ that causes
tuberculosis; and, until the fear of fresh night air is eliminated, this great
plague of the Filipino that claims far more victims than cholera, smallpox,
beriberi, and bubonic plague combined, will continue to claim many useful
lives that might easily have been saved.
** E\'ery life lost is a direct drain upon the resources of a community. This Is
emphasized when lives* are needlessly sacrificed to * custom.' Out of 3,987
deaths reported during the period of nine months, 2,237 died of the easily pre-
ventable diseases above enumerated, nearly 60 i)er cent, from either Ignorance
of the most simple knowledge of hygiene or refusal to apply the teachings of the
bureau of health."
BEPORT O^ THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Although the land tax has been suspended for two years (the past year and
the present one) and the provincial treasury has only been reimbursed to the
extent of one-half the annual income therefrom, and while there are a great
number of delinquents in cedulas and land taxes (the former in the consid-
erable sum of over ?tK),000 and the latter in more than ^70,000), nevertheless
the province has conducted its affairs comparatively w^ell, though it has not
been able to undertake any public works, with the exception of some repairs of
roads of minor Importance.
For all these reasons, and in view of the fact that agriculture has not yet
recovered for the reasons already mentioned, I am of the opinion that the sus-
pension of the land tax should be continued for two years more. In this way
the inhabitants of this province would be given an opportunity to recoup their
considerable losses due to the rinderpest ( I refer to the owners of lands and
farmers), and it would be another cause of gratitude to the nation that now
governs us.
The following table shows the operations of the provincial treasury, according
to data furnished by the provincial treasurer:
Receipts and disbursements during the fiscal year 1906-7,
Recelnts * ^
Balance on hand July 1, lOOG ^34,059.26
Registry of land _-^-— • 1, ()90. 51
Registry of mines 148.00
Rents 3, 0(57. 67
Cart tax 263. 00
Land tax 8, 340. 88
Refund of land taxes (act No. 1455) 19, 343. 52
Cedulas (act No. 82) 575.00
Daet tramway 118. 13
Cedulas (Internal revenue) 29,548.50
Refund from the Insular treasury 22,224.70
Refund of the expenses for delinquent tax sales. 1, 231. 60
M21,010.77
Disbursements :
Salaries 44,696.53
Transportation and subsistence 7,514.81
Sheriff fees 755. 80
Court fees 848. 00
Office supplies 4, 607. 48
Postage stamps 1,436.72
Bond premiums 827.40
Rents of buildings 1, 014. 00
Maintenance of prisoners 2,103.12
Permanent equipment 958.84
Repairs and preservation of buildings 714.60
Repairs and preservation of bridges 1,448.32
Repairs and preservation of roads 3, 287. 54
Miscellaneous expenses 3,011.59
73, 224. 75
Balance on hand June 30, 1907 46,780.02
PROVINCIAL JAIL.
This establishment, which formerly was under the custody of the constabu-
lary of this province, on May 1, last, passed under the care of the provincial
guards.
The object Is to leave the constabulary completely unembarrassed. In order
that pul)llc order may be effectively assured, and any attempt on the part of the
brigands or lad rones be suppressed.
The following table accounts for prisoners during the fiscal year just ended: «
' Omitted and filed In the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNOBS. 268
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Here Is the branch of the government which I consider the most important,
for it relates to the prime necessity of all young nations who aspire to inde-
pendence. An ignorant people will never be independent, and If at some day
it should attain Independence without the necessary instruction such a people
could not retain its ' independence, and if i)erchance it did retain it for any
length of time then true liberty would not be enjoyed, for it would in this case
be a government by a small minority In the interests solely of caciques and
to the prejudice of the majority. This has ever been observed in all peoples.
As to public instruction in this province, I am pleased to state that it is very
efficient, not merely because the division superintendent says so in his report,
but for the reason that I have observed it to be so myself.
One proof Is that at the last school contest held in the neighboring provin«>
of Albay this province secured the prize for declamations in a competition with
Albay, Sorsogon, and Masbate.
I regret that this is the only province of southern Luzon which has no high
school as yet. Albay, Sorsogon, Batangas, and Tayabas already have theirs;
but nevertheless the province Is to be congratulated, for, thanks to the endeavors
of your honor for the education of the Filipino people, within a short time we
can have a high school worthy of the province through the loan just authorized
to the province.
Respectfully submitted.
Mabiano Abella,
Oovemor of Amhos Camarines.
The Govebnob-Genkbal.
Repobt of the Govebnor of Antique.
[Translation. 1
Office of the Govebnob, Province of Antique,
San Joii6, July JS, J907.
Sib: I have the honor, in compliance with act No. 1044, to submit herewith
the following report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907.
aqbicultube.
•
It Is estimated that 450,000 cavans of rice were harvested during the year, of
which 250,000 were grown In the wide plain of Slbalom, comprising the munic-
ipalities of San Jos6 de Buenavista, Slbalom and San Remlglo.
The pueblos situated on this plain are In fact the granaries of the province,
as the grain produced In excess of the quantity necessary for the sustenance of
the population makes up a large part of the exports of this province. The fields
are naturally fertile, especially at Slbalom; but no improvement has been intro-
duced so far in the cultivation of the rice, in the Implements used, or In the
Irrigation of the fields. The plows used are of the most primitive kind and
scarcely remove the subsoil of the clayey ground, and there are no irrigation
ditches to regulate and fix the time for the preparation of the crops. Excepting
the caingins, the method used is to transplant shoots prepared during the wet
weather, which Is uncertain as to time and Is the sole factor In determining the
time for the work In the fields.
This plain is traversed by the large Slbalom river and by the Tipulwan and
Inabasan rivers, whose waters, which never fail at any time of the year, could
easily supply an extensive Irrigation system, sufficient to Irrigate seven-tenths
of the area of the plain mentioned. With this Irrigation the crops grown each
year could easily be increased five times.
The remainder and the larger part of the province, comprising the munlcl-
I>a]ltles of Dao, Patnofigon, Bugason, I^wan, Tlblao and Culasl, excepting that
of Pandan, produce sugar rather than rice ; but as there are still very few cattle,
and the sugar estates have not yet reopened, and since the work of tilling the
cane fields is much more costly than that of growing rice, preference has been
given to the cultivation of rice, as was the case in former years. For this reason
the rice crops have almost never come up to the hopes of the farmers here, and
in this part of the province there are few large property owners able to harvest
more than 1,000 cavans per annum. The year which has just closed was not.
264 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
however, a bad year for the pueblos mentioned, excepting Dao, Patnofigon and
Pandan; this was not unexpected, as the crops harvested there have been
sufficient to maintain the population during past years.
The fact that the pueblos from Bugason to Culasi, except Pandan, had a fair
crop notwithstanding the lateness of the rains, is largely due to their Irrigation
system, which though still deficient, sufficed to provide what the weather denied
to the farmers engaged in growing rice.
Generally speaking, and so far as the rice crop is concerned, the year covered
by this report has not been a good one compared with the year before, as the
Sibalom plain and the municipalities of Dao, Patnofigon and Valderrama lost
some of their rice through drought
While the rice crop has been poor, the sugar crop has increased considerably.
The harvest at Patnofigon, Bugason, Lawan, Tibiao, and Culasl has been almost
double what it was the year before, and the total production of sugar for the
province Is estimated at over 35,000 piculs. The quantity of cane now standing
in the fields is larger than that of the previous year. Bugason and Culasl are
the two pueblos of this province which have produced the most sugar and have
the largest area of land suitable for growing cane, and Patnofigon, Culasl,
Bugason, Tibiao, and especially Lawan, have always produced a superior grade
of sugar.
The cocoanut and abaca plantations, though still in an embryonic state, have
produced more than the year before, and both the crop and the quality of the
former has been better during the second half of the fiscal year covered by this
report than that of the first three years, after several years of scant production.
Unfortunately the output of copra and oil was not so large as the friends of
the province would have lilted it to be, and Judging from the high prices at
which it has recently sold in the marlcets producers would have secured larger
returns. As it Is, the majority of the cocoanut trees were used for the produc-
tion of tuba, of which a great deal is consumed in the province;. We may say
that Pandan was the only pueblo in this province which exported copra and
abaca, while San Jos6 de Buenavista exported oil.
The landholders of the coast pueblos, attracted by the high prices paid for
copra, have enlarged their cocoanut plantations, and many persons have taken
up land in the hills to plant abaca. These plantations, together with those made
during the last three years, constitute the greatest hope for the material prog-
ress of the province In the near future.
The weather has been favorable this year for the cocoanut and abaca planta-
tions, and few of. the plants have succumbed to the heat; the weather has been
more favorable this year than last.
The maize crop, however, which was planted during last March and April,
brought disappointment to the farmers; drought and locusts destroyed nearly
all that had been planted.
Now agriculture seems to be gaining, and the farmers have more animals and
have commenced to repair their sugar estates, as they are convinced that on the
north coast of the province the cultivation of rice does not compensate them
for their efforts. The area planted in sugar cane this year exceeds that of last
year by two-fifths.
Unfortunately the locusts began to appear last April and did much damage to
the sugar cane, and left their young in all the pueblos of the province, which
destroyed a large part of the rice seeding plots. The amount of loctones (locusts
in the hopper stage) exterminated in May and June Is estimated at almost
10,000 cavans.
Draft cattle are increasing rapidly, and the estate owners have secured a con-
siderable number of carabaos from Mindoro. which, with the increase within
the province, has Increased its registered cattle, to a considerable extent. The
Increase in the number of cattle of all kinds during the year covered by this
report is estimated at almost 2,500 head.
However, the rinderpest, which appeared at Dao on May 8, 1906, caused
great ravages until the end of November of the same year and carried off, from
July 1 to November 30, 51 head of carabao and 97 head of neat cattle, all In
the municipality of Dao, to which we must add 20 head of carabao and 3 head
of neat cattle that died of the foot-and-mouth disease in the several municipali-
ties of the province.
During the epidemic of rinderpest an Inoculator sent by the bureau of health
inoculated at Dao some 30 head of cattle, but unfortunately nearly all died, the
result being the failure of inoculation there. However, excellent results were
achieved by the quarantine organized, maintained, and directed by the provin-
BEPOBTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 265
cial gOTeminent, which isolated Dao from the rest of the province, the cordon
being established between Arasasan and Masayo, a distance of nearly 2 miles,
and no cattle or dogs or pigs were allowed to run loose in the district qaaran-
tined. The result was that the rinderpest did not pass the limits of the munici-
paUty of Dao.
COMMERCE.
Commerce has not yet recovered and makes only slow progress, due to the
scant production of the province and the bad condition of its roads.
Exportation is confined to two products, viz, rice and sugar. During the
year over 35,000 plculs of sugar were exported, which shows an increase of about
10,000 piculs over the last crop. A part of the crop was bought up by Chinese
merchants at the price of n.25 a picul, Culasi, Patnofigon and Bugason having
exported the most.
There were also exported, principally by the pueblos of Sibalom and San
Jos6 de Buenavista, approximately 20,000 cavans of rice (unhulled) at the
price of «.50 a cavan, and some 18,000 piculs of rice (hulled) at the price of
M.16 a ganta, the latter being bought up exclusively by Chinese merchants.
All the sugar and hulled rice, and a small portion of the unhulled rice were
sold in the Iloilo market
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC.
At the conclusion of the previous fiscal year the balance In fftvor of the
province was ^21,580.74, of which sum ¥^,218.41 belonged to the municipalities.
During the year covered by this report the revenues of the province amounted'
ta ^94,228.27, of which «54,505.47 belong to the municipalities. These revenues
were derived from the following sources : <*
These items give the total of «>4,228.27, of which 1^35,462.44 are for the
general funds of the province, ^825.87 for the road and bridge fund, and
W,043.39 for the congressional relief fund. Of the latter sum f^443.3D were
the proceeds of the sale to the municipalities of the galvanized iron, and ^600
were appropriated under act No. 1406 for the relief of the iiersons who suffered
by fire in the pueblo of Culasi.
Adding to these partial sums the balance of the previous year, we have for
the year covered by the present report: ^40,474.22 for the general funds and
^,610.10 for the road and bridge funds, aside from other sums pertaining to
special funds, such as the " congressional relief fund " and the " school build-
ings fund," kept under the provisions of act No. 1406 and act No. 1275.
The expenditures of the provincial government during the year were ^43,-
008.88. Of this sum ^34,607.44 were for general purposes, ^4,469.73 for roads
and bridges, and n,356.01 for schools, aside from P^75.20, which were paid,
in accordance with act No. 1406, to the persons who' suffered by the fire which
occurred at the pueblo of Culasi.*
Adding to the above the sum of ^575.20, for the relief of the persons who
suffered by the Culasi fire, we have a total of 1^43,008.38 of disbursements
made by the province during the last fiscal year.
Finally, as a result of all the transactions realized during the year, we have
a balance of 1^8,564.12 in favor of the province, distributed as follows :
General funds, ^4,794.78; road and bridge funds, W,166.17; congressional
relief fund, *W3.17, aside from K4.80, the balance of the ¥«00 appropriated
tolc the relief of the Culasi sufferers, and K,296.57, school funds under act
No. 1275.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
On the 15th of October, 1906, the title of " head teacher " was changed to
"acting division superintendent of schools," and the province of Antique was
separated from that of Hollo, to constitute an independent school division.
There were 63 schools, with 88 Filipino teachers, Including 3 insular teachers,
under the supervision of 5 American teachers. The latter were distributed as
follows: One at Pandan, for the Pandan schools; 1 at Culasi, for the schools
of Culasi and Tlbiao ; 1 at Patnofigon, for the schools of that pueblo, and 1 at
« Omitted and on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Deimrtnieut.
^ The itemized statement of these expenditures has been omitted and is on file
In the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
266 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Sibalom, for the schools of Sibalom and San Remiglo. One of the three Insular
teachers was assigned to Bugason as supervising teacher for the schools of
Bugason, Lawan, and Valderrama.
In addition to the 5 American teachers mentioned there were 2 in charge at
the provincial high school, to which a Filipino schoolmistress was assigned in
the middle of the school year to teach the fourth grade. Instruction in the
provincial high school went only as high as the seventh grade (inclusive), for
want of pupils.
A comparison of the school year covered by this report with the one pre-
ceding shows marked progress in the efficiency of the teachers as well as in the
number of the pupils. While the matriculation in the previous school year
amounted to only 4,220, we have now a matriculation of 8,962, and an attend-
ance of 6,899, the highest rate of attendance recorded in this province since the
establishment of the public schools here..
In the provincial high school we had a matriculation of 170; 153 of the
pupils matriculating attended assiduously during the school year. An inter-
mediate school course, corresponding to the fourth grade, was established at
Culasi, and the fifth grade is now being taught there, but in view of the
scarcity of teachers I doubt whether there has been as complete a success as
the parents and the department of education desire. What is needed there
is an American teacher, who should have no other duties except the Instruction
and supervision of the intermediate school. The last convention of municipal
presidents recommended that an intermediate school be established at Culasi,
covering the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades, and I warmly recommend that this
suggestion be acted upon favorably.
The inhabitants of the province and the presidents of the several municipali-
ties subscribed with enthusiasm for a library for the provincial high school.
This library consists at present of 375 volumes of select^ authors, English and
Spanish, and aside from this there are now ^345.34 on deposit in the treasury
of the province.
The province has now a spacious school building, with ample accommodation
for teaching the intermediate and secondary classes, excepting the special course
in agriculture. The latter is not taught here at present, but as it is unani-
mously desired that this be done, and that competent teachers be sent to this
province for the purpose mentioned, I earnestly recommend that special at-
tention be given to the wishes of the province, as it is of the greatest necessity
for the material development of this region, which is essentially agricultural.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
Notwithstanding the poor rice crop peace and order have prevailed through-
out the province. No cattle thefts have been reported, and aside from the
assault on Pangalkagan, a barrio of Bugason, nothing is known of the existence
of bands of evildoers within the province. The persons who sacked the barrio
of Pangalkagan were brigands from Capiz, led by a notorious character by the
name of Santos, and were prompted principally by a desire to revenge them-
selves upon this barrio for the reason that a son of the leader was killed there
three years ago.
As to the administration of the pueblos, the municipal officers have shown
greater efficiency and more devotion to their duties. However, two municipal
presidents have been suspended and one councilor and three policemen removed.
The latter were Implicated in the theft of nearly ^,000 at the beginning of the
fiscal year from the treasury of Dao. Also, two municipal treasurers were re-
moved from office for the reason that the sureties withdrew from their bonds.
The administration has been both efficient and economical, and there has
not been a single municipality In the province which has not been fully ac-
quainted with its obligations, all having acted as their needs really required.
The old dissensions resulting from the difference of religion have disappeared
entirely from the pueblos, and very few amongst the ignorant people have at-
tempted to mix religion with politics. There are three creeds here at present,
the Roman Catholic, the Agllpayau, and the Protestants; the work of the
latter, who have started schools In several of the hill barrios and attract the
inhabitants to civilization, preaching love of work and peace and the brother-
hood of man, merits the most enthusiastic approval of the government. They
have attracted many of the hill people, removing them from the action and in-
fiuence of the i)ersons who are leading bad lives, and have greatly contributed
BEPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 267
to induce the hill people to pay the poll tax. In this manner they have con-
tributed in a very efficacious manner to the work of complete pacification of
the entire province, realized during the year covered by this report.
There are as yet no organized political parties here; but absolutely all our
most intelligent and capable men are in favor of the creed of the " Partido
Nacioual Progresista," and only few advocate immediate independence. As the
public schools have extended to all the barrios, the people have gained confi-
dence in their political future, the preparation whereof has been put into the
hands of the preseut government, comiwsed of Americans and Filipinos.
PUBLIC HEALTH.
One thousand, nine hundred and sixty deaths have occurred during the year ;
031 of these were due to fever, 3G8 to pulmonary consumption, and the rest to
various diseases.
There has not been any epidemic during the year ; only the measles appeared
in some pueblos in June and caused 21) deaths.
Fever and pulmonary consumption have caused the greatest mortality; but
these diseases were rather the result of a lack of care and of the suffering
among the pauper classes.
While there have been 1,960 deaths during the year, there were, on the other
band, 4,098 births; consequently there has been an increase of population of
2,138 souls.
Diseases due to vice have been very rare, and the hygienic conditions of the
province in general are excellent.
Only two of the eleven municipalities of the province have a municipal physi-
cian, viz, Bugason and Sibalom, and the contemplated consolidation of the
province with that of Iloilo for sanitary purposes will not fail to result in great
difllculties for Antique. This measure has not been well received by Filipinos,
Americans, or foreigners from the outset. There are no physicians here, and
only the municipality of Sibalom has a licensed physician, the present president
of the board of health. The abolition of the position of district health officer
and the transfer of the present incumbent thereof, therefore practically deprives
the inhabitants, and especially those of the provincial capital, of the services
of a physician.
The province has over 134,000 inhabitants, and communication with Hollo Is
difficult, especially during the rainy season, which lasts some six months, and
in the event of an epidemic the pueblos of the province would be abandoned to
their fate. Considering that the economy to be obtained by the proposed con-
solidation Is not great, as the province will be compelled to pay part of the
expense of maintaining a health officer in the city of Hollo, besides traveling
expenses of the health officer for every visit he makes to this province, I rec-
ommend that the proposed consolidation be abandoned, and that In any event
the salary of the health officer of this province be reduced to ^1,800 per annum.
NONCIIRISTIAN TRIBES.
Aside from the non-Chrlstlan tribe settlements of Badiafigan, Igcococ, and
Igtonarum, I organized in January of the current year the settlement of Villa-
font, near Sibalom, where, as in the other settlements, a president, a vice-presi-
dent, and three councillors were elected to govern the tribe.
None of the officials in any of the four settlements mentioned knows how to
read or write, and only a few of the youths of the Badiangan and Igcococ tribe
can read; consequently the authority exercised by them over their respective
settlements can hardly be adjusted to positive and written laws. Their powers
are therefore based on custom and good usage, and It Is in this way that the
people of these settlements have been governed during the year, the councillors
having acted as advisors of the president, with powers to disapprove and sus-
pend In session of the council the acts of the president.
The inhabitants of Igtonarum, who are largely nomads and belong to the
worst class of Aetas, have not advanced materially; but the contrary is the
case with those of Badiangan, Igcococ, and Vlllafont, who have increased their
abaca plantations, have all settled down, and are engaged in agriculture. How-
ever, none of them owns real estate, their fields being on public land, which
they have cleared without infringing forestry regulatlona
When a balance wad struck this year, the sum of -PtJST.lS was found In the
provincial treasury belonging to the non-Christian tribes fund, and I estimate
268 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
that the revenues for this fund will not be less than ^400 per annum, and it is
my opinion that the money at present available, together with future collec-
tions, will be sufficient to establish a school for the instruction of youth at
Badiafigan or at Villafont. It is probable that we will soon be successful in
establishing a school, maintained by the government, in one of these settle-
ments as an experiment tending to prove the degree of capacity for advance-
ment of the Negrito inhabitants of this province.
Respectfully submitted.
A. Salazab,
Oovernor of the Province of Antique,
The Govebnob-Genebal.
Repobt of the Govebnob of Bataan.
[Translation.]
Office of the Govebnob, Pbovince of Bataan,
Balanga, P, /., July i, 1907.
Sib; I have the honor to submit. the following report for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1907.
aobicultube.
The deplorable situation of the suffering farmers of this province has been
further aggravated this year by the circumstance that in addition to the pro-
tracted economic crisis through which they are passing, due to past calamities,
they have lost this season over one-half of the rice crop, as a consequence of the
ravages of an insect known in this section by the name of " accip," which did
considerable damage to the rice in the fields. The sugar crop was only one-
third of what it is in normal years, owing to the drought which prevailed while
the cane was developing, and the succession of storms last year. To cap the
climax, there are very few farmers who have not lost draft cattle from rinder-
pest, which reappeared in the province this year, and the most serious blow
for the sugar growers has been the lack of a foreign market for sugar, the
only article exported from this province for the last ten years; and for which
reason it takes them a year, or more, to dispose of it. Unfortunately they are
unable to abandon the growing of sugar cane, since they have invested their
capital in land exclusively for this purpose and in the machinery, storehouses,
and implements employed in the grinding of the cane and the manufacture of
sugar.
Hence the farmers of all the municipalities inspected by me are in despair
over their precarious situation and see no means of salvation save through
action of the Philippine CJommisslon to the end of securing from the proper
authority the immediate establishment of an agricultural bank by the govern-
ment They believe that its establishment by the trusts might mean immediate
ruin for them. They further desire, as an immediate remedy for their desper-
ate situation, a free port of entry for their products or a reduction of the
customs duties, and an amendment of the law governing carts, so that sledges
with runners 2^ inches in width shall be exempted from the prohibition con-
tained in the second paragraph of subsection (j) of section 43 of the Munici-
pal Code, as are carts with tires 21 inches in width. The latter, due to their
great weight, sink into the soil where it is soft, which is not the case with the
sledges, whose runners enable them to glide with equal facility over muddy
and dry land without sinking. Moreover, for the agricultural uses to which
they are utilized, these sledges can not be replaced by carts of any kind,
commebce.
As stated in previous reports, the principal articles of commerce are, in the
order of their importance, sugar, timber, fresh and salted fish, firewood, salt,
fruit, and vegetables, such as mangoes, pineapples, jicamas, and camotes.
The fiscal year just ended was a bad one for sugar, and adding to this the
low prices at present paid for want of a foreign market it may be affirmed that
this province has not exported any sugar, and that the small quantity har-
vested this year is still in the warehouses. The timber trade has been fair,
as it was last year, while there has been less business than usual in fruit.
Maguey has been planted in several municipalities, also a small amount of
cocoanuts and abacft, apparently with satisfactory results.
BEPOBTS OP -PROVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 269
FINANCE.
I have already stated. In my last annual report, that since the promnlgation
of the internal-revenue law this province has been going down grade financially,
because of its small population, the crisis through which its agriculture is
passing, and the stagnation of its inconsiderable commerce. It was therefore
compelled to apply to the insular government for another loan of M,000 when
the honorable governor-general and Commissioners Pardo de Tavera and Le-
garda honored this province with their visit on February 17, in order to be
able to meet its expenses.
Prior to the enactment of the law above mentioned, the personnel and
salaries of the provincial government were:
Provincial governor M, 000. 00
Clerk 720.00
Provincial secretary 2, 200. 00
Clerk 600.00
Provincial treasurer 3,600.00
First deputy 720. 00
Second deputy 600. 00
Third deputy 480. 00
First clerk 456.00
Second clerk 360.00
Third clerk 1 240. 00
Provincial supervisor 3,000.00
Messenger 120. 00
Janitor 120. 00
Provincial fiscal 2, 200. 00
Clerk 200.00
Provincial physicians 1, 800. 00
Total 20, 416. 00
At the present time the personnel and salaries are :
Provincial governor M, 000. 00
Clerk and recorder 588.00
Provincial treasurer 3,600.00
Clerk 720.00
Clerk - 480.00
Deputies (municipal treasurers) 1,242.00
Provincial fiscal - . 800. 00
Clerk 160. 00
Total .__ 10, 590. 00
As the foregoing tables show, the province of Bataan expended prior to the
promulgation of the internal-revenue law, for salaries alone, the sum of
^^,416.00; yet it did not find it necessary to obtain a loan from the insular
government; on the contrary, it paid its indebtedness, ?^,000, to the govern-
ment contracted in connection with its organization.
Although the provincial government has at this time a smaller number of
employees, as will be seen in the total of the second table, yet I have twice been
compelled to ask the Insular government for aid In order to meet urgent ex-
penses; and this in spite of the fact that there are more taxes collected now
than there were formerly. The cause of this is the internal-revenue law, which
drains this province of the greater part of its revenues.
To corroborate my statement, attention is called to what the Hon. Henry C.
Ide, late secretary of finance and Justice for the islands, said in his report for
the year 1902 :
*' Bataan : Organized March 2, 1901 ; total receipts, $37,435.20, including bal-
ance on hand June 30, 1901, $1,507.80; balance in treasury June 30, 1902,
$5,245.86. This is a small province, but one able to maintain itself." (Third
Annual Report of the Philippine (Commission, 1902, Pt. 2, p. 717.)
It is truly sad to see this province, which prior to the enactment of the
internal-revenue law had life of its own, now hovering on the verge of ruin,
although it has resources of its own, merely because it has the misfortune to be
the smallest province in the Philippine Archipelago.
270 REPORT OF THE PHIUPPINE COMMISSION.
As the internal-revenue tax collections are distributed at present, this prov-
ince contributes materially to the support of other provinces which have no
resources of their own, but have a large population.
The province succeeded, however, in meeting all its expenses during the fiscal
year Just ended, as the annexed report of the provincial treasurer (Exhibit A)
win show, and it may be here stated that if the insular government would
cancel the small indebtedness of this province, as requested by the provincial
board in its communication of June 5, 1907, this province would be able here-
after to stand alone.
It would also be well for the Philippine Commission or the Philippine legisla-
ture to take measures for bettering the condition of this province, which de-
serves a better fate In view of Its past efforts.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
It can not be denied that public Instruction is making decided headway In
several municipalities of this province, especially since October 15, 1906, when
it was organized into a school division independent of Pampanga, with which it
had been consolidated since the organization of the public schools under act
No. 74.
I Several school buildings were constructed during the year, some of them of
masonry and lumber, with corrugated iron roof, as the one at Orion, which cost
about ^6,000.
However, In some municipalities the school attendance on the part of the
children of both sexes is relatively small, which is probably due to the absence
of a law making it obligatory for the parents to send their children to school,
and to the abundance of private schools.
This state of affairs Is, however, disappearing, thanks to the activity of Mr.
J. M. Gamblll, our division superintendent, and to the teachers under him,
Americans as well as Filipinos, who are continually holding meetings to attract
the children to the schools.
On August 16, 1906, the provincial board, In special session, unanimously
resolved on the pueblo of Oranl as the most suitable place for the establishment
of the provincial high school, and on November 20 of the same year this trans-
fer was effected by direction of the school authorities.
At the beginning it had been decidea to establish the high school at Balanga,
the capital of the province; but as it was Impossible to obtain by subscription
the sum of ^5,000 required by the secretary of public instruction as a condition
precedent to the gift of 1^6,000 to this province by the Philippine Commission,
the board changed its resolution and chose the pueblo of Oi:ani, because of its
advantages and of the fact that It has a building of masonry, the property of
the province, worth P=3,500, which, added to the ^2,370.42 subscribed, makes the
total of ^5,870.42, ^^870.42 more than had been requested from us.
The bids for the repair of this building were opened on May 24 last, several
having been received, the lowest for ^12,486, which Is ?4,115.58 more than the
province has available for this work.
In view of this deficit we do not know when we shall be able to begin repair-
ing this building, unless the Philippine Commission, In view of the trying ordeul
through which this province Is passing, comes to our assistance with the differ-
ence, in which case we could begin the work Immediately.
It is therefore earnestly recommended that the Commission, In consideration
of the facts above set forth, appropriate ^4,115.58 to enable this province to
repair immediately the building chosen for the provincial high school.
INDUSTRY.
The Industries of this province are so few and of so little Importance that it
Is hardly worth while to speak of them. However, mention might be made of
the fisheries, which have Increased considerably since my last annual report,
some fish having been exportetl to the adjacent provinces. As to the other
Industries, I have already covered them In my last rei)ort.
FACTORIES.
The only factories In this province are for the manufacture of sugar, which,
as stated In my former rei>orts, Is the principal source of Its wealth. The
factories for the distilling of alcohol from cane molasses and tuba, formerly
operating here, closed down last year.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 271
NATU&AL WEALTH.
The natural wealth of this province consists of timber, which is first class.
However, for want of easy communication with the places where this timber
grows, it is not properly exploited. The scant commercial activity in this
province and the death of a great number of draft cattle used in hauling logs
practically place the lumber business at nil.
BOADS AND BRIDGES.
The wagon road from Orion to Dinalupihan has been repaired in its entire
length, and it is now possible to travel over it in vehicles with the greatest
comfort. This is due to the efforts of Mr. G. A. Benedict, the provincial treas-
urer, who has been tireless in pushing the repair work to its completion, within
the shortest time and with the smallest outlay possible.
Several bridges have been built and others are in contemplation, as, for
Instance, that at Calaguiman (Oranl), the material for which has been ordered
from the insular purchasing agent through the bureau of public works.
There are, however, certain bridges (those of Layac, Samal and Orani)
which this province will not be able to build without assistance. The construc-
tion of these bridges will require an expenditure of approximately P30,000
owing to their great size.
Balanga, the only municipality in the province with any means, has Just
repaired its most Important bridge. If it had not done so in time, it would have
had to si)end thousands of pesos in building a new one.
Several road inspectors at a monthly salary of P12 each, have been appointed
to look after the preservation of our wagon roads, and it is hoped that next
autumn the province will be able to cover the entire length of its wagon road
with a layer of gravel and sand, and thus make it more solid and lasting.
NON-CHRISTIAN TRIBES.
As stated in my last report, there are in this province a number of Negritos
or Aetas, the only non-Christian tribe here. Owing to the policy of attraction
pursued by the provincial and municipal authorities, these Negritos are now
living in settlements.
On my last tour of inspection to the pueblos of Bagac and Moron I visited
the settlements of the Negritos and observed that they begin to understand the
sincerity of the intentions of the government to improve their mode of living.
At times, however, the failure of the crops in their calfSgins has forced them to
move from one place to another ; but they do so in groups, and not by families,
as formerly.
They are, as a rule, inoffensive, good-natured, and submissive, but utterly
refractory to social and cultured life in the settlements.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
Political conditions in this province could not be more satisfactory. As stated
in my last report, the inhabitants are law-abiding and orderly, as the following
incident will serve to Illustrate: The provincial prisoners, aided by a member
of the constabulary named Modesto Miaco, made their escape from the provin-
cial jail on the morning of April 12 last; but they received no aid from the
inhabitants; on the contrary, the people energetically condemned their action
• and actively aided In the capture of the fugitives.
They conscientiously contribute to the support of the government by punc-
tually paying their taxes, and attend their dally labors rather than iwlltlcs.
Since my last report peace has reigned throughout the province, with the
exception of the period between April 12 and the last days of May of this year,
when Miaco and a few fugitives who had not been killed or recaptured left the
hills of this province and went to another.
With few exceptions all the municipal officers are working for the good of
their respective municipalities, and good understanding prevails between them
and the people.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE,
The public health of this province is very satisfactory. During the fiscal
year just past there has not been one case of contagious disease. However,
during the last few months there has been an excessive mortality among Infants,
which is usually the case every year at the beginning of the rainy season.
272
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
CONCLUSION.
Before concluding this report I have the honor to make the following recom-
mendations :
1. That the Philippine Commission appropriate for this province the sum of
?4,115.58, to repair the building to be used as the provincial high school.
2. That the bridges at Layac, Samal, and Orani be built at the expense of the
Insular government, as was done In the case of wagon roads and bridges in other
provinces.
I also deem it my duty to state in this report my profound gratitude to my
comimnlons of the provincial board for their cordial and efficacious cooperation,
direct and indirect. In the dispatch of the matters which have come before the
board; and likewise to the municipal officers and the constabulary for their
disinterested and loyal support, which has made it easier for me to perform the
duties of the office I hold.
Respectfully submitted.
L. Ii. ZlALCITA,
Governor of the Province of Bataan,
The Govebnor-Genebal.
Exhibit A.
Finances, province of Bataan, fiscal year 1907,
General.
Road.
Oongres-
slonal
reUef.
School.
Total.
Bftl&Doe July 1, 1906.. - -_
^5.908.06
^■9,544.85
r407.04
^1,035.25
^16 889 67
BecHpta.
Bevfloues:
Registry of property
159.14
155.00
S83.74
559.80
•5,409.57
6,628.00
4,667.86
890.00
•fl.QOO.OO
169.14
Cedula. 1901-1901 series. .
155 00
Oart _
883.74
Land. 1902-1905
•279.87
838 97
Internal revenue-
Refund . .. ...
5,409.57
Cedula —
6,526.00
7,001.73
Otber receipts:
Acts 1465 and 1679-
2,333.88 1 _ _
Refunds
1,398.90
1
2,280.90
Loans from Insular government
6.000 00
Oontributions . _.'- -
500.00 1 1.335.17
1 835 17
•
Total receipts —
24,750.60
287.14
4,010.45
300.00
1.835.17
80.596 22
Excbange (net) Pfs
"*""
Grand total
80.653.65
18,554.78 1 907.04
2.370.42
47,485.88
Expenditureg.
See abstract followinsr. - - .
22.447.89
219.24
6,862.49
907.04
80.217 42
Excbansre (net) »-— — -
— .........
219.24
Balance June 90. 1907
7,986.52
6,692.29
2,370.42
17.049 23
•Not pertaining to year 1007.
»P1,250 not pertaining to year 1907.
STRICTLY PBRTAININQ TO TEAR 1007 (GENERAL).
Income 1 M7. 000. 00
Expenditures 16. 500. 00
Excess .
500.00
G. A. Benedict,
Provincial Treasurer.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 273
Abstract of expenditures, province of Bataan, fiscal year 1907,
General.
Road.
Oooffres-
slooal
relief.
School.
Total.
Salaries, officials
Salaries, employees
Per diem. Judge only
Public buildings repaired..
Traveling expenses...
OfiQce supplies.
Equipment, permanent
Court fees
Sheriff fees
Feeding prisoners
Bond premiums _
Loans to municipality
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges
Gratuitous distribution —
r7,753.3a
3,601.54
1^0.00
246.73
1,108.64
1,112.68
440.09
•5.968.00
90.40
»1.707.10
159.34
50.21
1*1,324.00
5,538.49
Total-
.« 22,447.89
6,862.49
^•699.04
208.00
^7,
8,
753.32
601.54
120.00
246.72
106.64
112.53
440.09
168.10
90.40
707.10
159.34
324.00
50.21
237.53
208.00
907.04 80,217.42
• P5,450 not pertaining to year 1907. * MOO not pertaining to year 1907.
MOO for Bilibid prisoners.
b£sdm£.
Actual expenditures M2, 450. 00
See notes ^ 300. 00
22. 750. 00
Other years • 6, 250. 00
Net, 1907 16,500.00
Repobt of the Governor of Batanqas.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Batanoab,
Batangas, P. /., July 26,1907.
Si^ : I have the honor, in compliance with the provisions of act No. 1044 of
the Philippine Commission, to submit herewith my annual report for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1907.
Pursuant to the programme furnished by the executive secretary, I shall begin
by discussing the agricultural conditions of this province.
agriculture.
In comparison with the last fiscal year the condition of our agriculture has
improved considerably. Not only has the production of sugar, abaca, and
oranges increased, but the rice and maize crop is much larger than it was last
year, which is shown by the small amount of rice imported, the rice grown
being almost sufficient for the subsistence of the inhabitants. This is also
demonstrated by the increase in the number of the rice-hulling machines, and by
the fact that contrary to past years, large quantities of grain now go from the
rice-growing pueblos of the interior to the coast towns.
According to information received from the orange-growing pueblos, Tanauan
and Santo Tomas, the production has not increased to a very large extent, but
is larger than that of last year.
The production of abaca in the pueblos formerly engaged in growing jeoflfee
has liliewise increased, and it is remarkable what activity the agriculturists
display in sowing the textile plant mentioned on land suitable for the purpose.
I may affirm, without fear of making a mistake, that in the pueblos mentioned
the revenues from this source will in 4 or 5 years come close to those derived
by the same agriculturists from coffee growing when it was in its apogee.
11024— war 1907— vol 7-
-18
274 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
With regard to the production of maize and rice, it must be borne In mind
that instead of decreasing it has increased, notwithstanding the extraordinary
mortality among the labor cattle, this being the best evidence of the efforts made
by the agriculturists in employing manual labor.
The proTincial government has received information relative to the appear-
ance of locusts In several barrios of the municipalities of San Juan and Ro-
sario ; but as they have appeared in small numbers, It is hoped that it will be
possible to speedily exterminate them.
INDUSTRY.
There are very few industries in this province, which is and always has been
essentially agricultural. These industries are those mentioned in my report for
last year, among them the breeding of hogs and chickens, of which large num-
bers are exported to Manila every week. The important industry of weaving
continues, is almost general, and exists on a large scale in Bauan and Lipa,
which export their products not only to Manila, but to other provinces.
While there has not been an increase in the quantity, the quality of the
articles produced is improving gradually, and it may be affirmed that two-thirds
of the rural population are clad in cloth woven in the province.
ECONOMICS.
The economic condition has improved visibly — in the first place because it did
not have to bear the heavy burden of the land tax during the years of 1906 and
1907, and in the second place, because the provincial treasury has been greatly
relieved by the Philippine Ck)mmission by the remission of its indebtedness for
the benefit of public instruction, because though it is true that the province has
to pay this indebtedness, yet the period of t«n years granted for its payment
makes it easy for the provincial exchequer.
The province has at present on deposit with a banking establishment at
Manila, at the proper rate of Interest, ^0,000. At the end of the present year,
as soon as the current liabilities contracted by the provincial exchequer have
been paid, the balance on hand will be invested in the construction of several
bridges, the plans and estimates for w^hich being already in the possession of the
provincial board.
The provincial government building and the court-house, the latter a one-story
building annexed to the former, have been suitably repaired and painted,
^000, more or less, having been expended for this purpose.
The municipal governments also report good economic conditions. Some of
the municipalities, among them Rosario, have built town halls, and Lipa has set
aside funds for the purchase of a building for an intermediate school.
The pueblos of Tanauan and Lipa, though they have applied for loans of
W,000 and W5,000, respectively, for the construction of town halls, and though
they have until the present not been successful in raising these sums for the
purpose of executing the work projected, have, however, sufficient revenues to
fully guarantee the payment, in installments, of the loans requested.
The municipality of Batangas also has a surplus of W2,000 in its municipal
treasury, which the council has decided to invest in the construction of a town
hall.
The provincial treasury has made the following collections during the fiscal
year 1907 :
Register of deeds ^55.23
Registration of mining claims 12.00
Revenues from provincial property 363.50
Cedulas, act No. 83 996.00
Cart tax-^ ^ 786. 40
Land tax, 1905 and preceding years 25, 103. 02
Land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579 65, 044. 44
Fisheries 18, 818. 58
Certificates of ownership and transfer of cattle 15, 430. 00
Revenues, profits, and privileges ^- 19,808.65
Licenses 13, 452. 29
Fines , 4, 514. 86
Sale of estrays, act No. 1147 549.50
Cemeteries 274. 90
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 275
Ck>iitrlbutionB toward school funds 297.62
Sale of municipal property 582.60
CJedulas. act No. 1189 63, 314. 00
Licensee, act No. 1189 5,990.50
Opium smokers' certificates, act No. 1461 110. 00
Internal-revenue tax refunds 74, 379. 53
Sale of supplies 3, 237. 16
Sale of carts j. 1, 600. 00
Court fees 319. 11
Refund of excessive collections of court fees 1,648.00
Refund of loans by municipalities 2,989.47
Transfer of deposit and trust funds 103.11
Appropriations by municipalities for road work 2,200.00
Refunds, miscellaneous 542. 77
Total 322, 522. 23
Of this sum m3,804.76 went to the general fund (the revenues amount to
W03,367.14) ; «8,049.29 to the road and bridge fund, and «90,668.18 to the
several municipalities.
The provincial balances were on June 30, 1907, as follows: General fund
^55,924.38, road and bridge fund W9.586.97, and school fund ^5,166.44. The
fund last named was created by act No. 1622, the money being appropriated
from general funds.
COMMUNICATIONS.
Though it can not be said that the wagon roads are in absolutely good condi-
tion, yet it may be stated that it is possible to travel by carromata from one end
of the province to the other; that is, from Nasugbu to the provincial capital,
and from the provincial capital to the farthest pueblos, which are Talisay on
the north and San Juan de Bocboc on the southeast. The provincial board has
gradually repaired these roads with the scant funds, which do not reach the
sum of K0,000, available for this purpose, to put them in such condition as to
make it possible for travelers to use carromatas. Only one pueblo, Lobo, has no
wagon road, nor has it ever had any wagon road connecting it with this capital,
because the construction of such a road, which would have to cross hills and
gulches, would be exceedingly expensive. This municipality may, however, be
easily reached in seven hours on horseback, or one may go there by sea, as the
steamers which come to this capital call there for cargo two or three times a
month.
NATURAL WEALTH,
«
There have been filed 23 applications for the registration of mining claims;
of these 18 are located in the municipality of San Juan de Bocboc, 1 at Lobo, 2
at Bauan, and 2 at the provincial capital, Batangas, the applicants for the 20
claims first mentioned being Americans, and for the others Filipinos.
The 20 applications filed first do not specify the kind of the claim ; but as to
the others, two at Bauan are for placer mines, and that at Batangas for a
guano deposit.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
During the fiscal year 8,374 children attended the primary schools, 608 the
intermediate schools, and 31 the seventh and eighth grades of the high school,
making a total attendance of 9,013.
There are 22 American, 11 insular, and 161 municipal teachers.
The number of children attending the provincial school was 293.
The secretary of public instruction has granted the sum of ^8,000 for the con-
struction in this capital of an industrial school building on the lot on which the
provincial school is located.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
There has not been any epidemic disease in this province during the year.
In view of the unnecessary abolition of the provincial board of health — I say
unnecessary, because this province has to pay its share, in proportion to its
population, of the salary of the district health officer, who resides in Tayabas —
this provincial government is unable to furnish the data regarding sanitation
276 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
which it furnished in the report for last year, because the presidents of the
municipal boards of health report to the district health officer at Lucena, Tayabas.
Though matters pertaining to the health of the animals are now in charge of
the bureau of agriculture, to which this subject has been transferred from
the bureau of health, I will treat of the health of the labor cattle in this chapter.
During the last year this office his continually received reports of cases of
rinderpest from the several pueblos of the province, which were immediately
forwarded to the bureau above mentioned for the proper action. When the rln-
deri)est was at its height in this province, 7 government inoculators were sta-
tioned here, to Inoculate the Infected animals with serum. These Inoculations
were so efficacious that the animals were cured within a few days ; but I deem
It my duty to state that these Inoculators, notwithstanding their good Inten-
tions, were half of the time without work, because of the Insufficiency of the
quantity of serum received from Manila, the demand being extraordinarily large,
and the agriculturists being so confident as to the efficacy of the serum that
the inoculators were actually besieged and petted, In order to Induce them to
give preference to the persons who overwhelmed them the most with favors.
However, the serum Inoculated was merely a preventive and Its effects were
limited to two or three months at the most. In view of the small quantity In-
oculated In each case, and when the plague reappeared the animals cured be-
came sick and died. It being then impossible to apply the same remedy again
on account of the lack of serum or of the transfer of the inoculators to other
pueblos or provinces.
The havoc wrought by the rinderpest In this province last year has been so
great that It Is not an exaggeration to estimate that the number of the cattle
decreased at least 60 per cent, and to say that rinderpest still exists, though
not so extensively as before, and continues to diminish the already depleted
labor cattle In several pueblos.
It Is recommended that the residence of the Inoculator and veterinarian
stationed in this province be transferred from Llpa to the provincial capital,
to the end that he can be Informed Immediately of reports of cases of rinderpest
received from the pueblos.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
It may be affirmed, without fear of erring, that the province of Batangas en-
joys at present an era of peace and tranquillity, which has been cemented by the
favorable action taken by the Philippine Commission on the petition of the pro-
vincial government for the segregation of I^emery and Tallsay from the munl-
cipalties to which they had been annexed, and their reorganization as Inde-
pendent municipalities. In my report for last year I stated in detail the reasons
which induced me to request this segregation, and I believe that I did not make
a mistake, seeing that my efforts In this direction have been crowned with
success.
At the close of last and the beginning of the present year, a band of six or
seven brigands Infested the boundaries of the provinces of Laguna, Batangas
and Tayabas, holding up the unfortunate laborers who went from one province
to the other In quest of work.
The meeting of the governors and constabulary officers of the three provinces,
requested by me and held last March at the pueblo of Santa Cruz, La Laguna,
resulted In the disappearance of this band, some of the members surrendering
to the president of San Pablo and others to the constabulary at Tallsay, one
of the chiefs, Miguel Amante, being captured recently at Banaybanay, In the
municipality of Lipa, by the lieutenant councilor of said barrio and the mnnl-
' cipal i)ollce of Lipa. Only one member of that band, Fulgehclo de Gula, is still
at large. His whereabouts are unknown ; but the police do not cease the pur-
suit, and this fact impelled me to address a petition to your honor asking that
a reward be offered for his apprehension, and another for that of the robber
chief, de Castro, who, according to private information. Is at present In the prov-
ince of Cavite. These rewards were authorized by the Commission at its ses-
sion of the 20th of the current month.
Since I have taken charge as provincial governor. It ha» been my greatest
desire to make the municipal police as efficient as possible, inasmuch as that
organization is charged with the maintenance of peace and order In the
municipalities.
At the present time all the police of the province are uniformed alike and
governed by the same regulations, which were drafted by the undersigned, sub-
mitted for api)roval to the municipal councils, and unanimously adopted by the
REPORTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 277
same, with a few insignificant amendments. Tliese regulations are being printed
by the Bureau of Printing and will soon be Issued to the municipalities, in order
that each municipal officer may have a copy for his guidance as to the relations
between the police and the people.
Upon my petition, the governor-general has also authorized the exchange of
the arms now used, which are almost unserviceable, for Springfield carbines.
Knowing that these arms are necessary only for those pueblos which are in
need of efficient means of defense against the outlaws, I have requested Spring-
field carbines only for nine municipalities, namely, Balayan, I^emery, Taal,
Santo Tomas, Tanawan, Lipa, San Jos^, Rosiirio, and San Juan, and do not
deem It necessary to equip the rest of the municipalities with these arms,
leaving them the rifles and revolvers which they have at present.
I have also filed a petition, which has been approved by the director of con-
stabulary. General Harry H. Bandholtz, requesting that a subinspector of the
constabulary be detailed to Instruct the police of each municipality, and that
after the completion of this instruction all the police be assembled at the pro-
vincial capital for a general course of instruction, during which time only the
I>olice indispensiible for the maintenance of peace and order are to remain In
the pueblo.
Upon concluding this report I wish to tender my thanks to the honorable
the governor-general and to the members of the Philippine Commission for
the assistance which they have rendered to this provincial government in its
work for the welfare and tranquillity of this province, in view of which I will
never cease for an instant to do all in my power to increase the prestige of the
government in this province.
Respectfully submitted.
J. IX)SADA,
Oovernor of the Province of Batangas.
The Govebnob-General.
Repobt of the Govebnob of Benguet.
Office of the Govebnob, Pbovince of Benguet,
Baguio, P. /., July 31, 1907.
Sib: I have the honor to submit the following report for the province of
Benguet for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1007 :
The government of the entire province of Benguet is administered exclusively
under those acts of the Philippine Commission for the government of non-
Christian tribes, and every district and all the people of the province are sub-
ject to the rules and advantages of the special provincial and township acts
Nos. 1396 and 1397.
The native population of Benguet, with the possible exception of about 1,000,
is Igorot, and thus most of this report will necessarily be a report of their
condition.
NONCHBISTIAN TBIBES.
American occupation found here an almost inaccessible district peopled with
a comparatively small population of poor, timid, oppressed barbarians. Being
so-called infidels, they were without both the consolation and the protection of
the church, which for three centuries had been a partner in the government of the
Islands, and being nearly naked barbarians these Igorots had been as far
back as tradition recites the natural prey of the more enlightened and Cnrist-
ianized tribes. No attempts were made to redress wrongs commlttetl against
these people, and outrages of all kinds and abuses from private and official
parties were so common that . stifety and peace seemed to be found only In
poverty and solitude.
The people were naturally suspicious that in the change from the Spanish to
the American Government thej' were but getting a change of masters in name
only, and it has been a labor of much patience and constant consideration of
their customs and habits on the part of all our government officials and repre-
sentatives that has won the apparent confidence of these natives, which we now
possess.
The principal attribute of Deity according to the Igorot belief is that of
Justice: and the laws governing this province, as framed by the Commission,
were so considerate and just to them, and the administration of these laws in
all branches of the service having been careful to live up to both the spirit and
278 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
the letter of the law, that the Igorots, like the old man who sees in every bright,
sunny morning only a "weather breeder," have now only one fear — "that
it can not last, that there will be another change of matters, and that they will
eventually be again robbed even of the fruits of this prosperity."
PB08PEBITY.
The natives of Benguet are prosi)erous. Their wealth consists of animals,
rice fields, and agricultural lands.
Stock. — Last year we reported 10,000 head of cattle registered in the
province, this year there are reported to this office 15,775 registered and the
registration of animals does not begin until they are two years of age. This
shows an Increase of 50 per cent over last year. In addition to this increase
there has been an enormous sale of matured cattle from the province, the
township of Baguio alone having transferred cattle to the value of P17,465J50.
The Benguet cattle are prized by the lowland people as draft animals on ac-
count of their speed and wind, and bring exceptionally good prices, the natives
here receiving from WK) to W40 for full-grown bullocks. The cattle industry
is only in its Infancy in Benguet, for with the vast ranges of first-class grazing
lands in this province and the freedom from disease among stock, the fact that
cattle will reproduce every ten months and that the only necessary expense
Involved is that of herding and shelter should, and doubtless will, interest and
Induce investors with small capital to enter this field of occupation for slow
but large and safe returns on their money. The mountain districts of north
central Luzon, if properly exploited, could easily supply the beef market of
Manila. The natives of Benguet have also 10,144 pigs, 1,617 goats, 431 sheep,
about 2,500 ponies, and 3,500 carabao.
Agriculture, — ^The demand for American vegetables by the large transient
population in and about Baguio and their successful growth at the gov-
ernment exi)erimental station, thus demonstrating that the climatic condi
tions are favorable to these products, have stimulated the natives to produce
them, and the increase in their production is marked. Irish potatoes for the last
five years have been produced by the natives in small amounts, and the price*
for them being so alluring they have increased their little patches Into fields
and will attempt their growth on so large a scale as to more than supply the
local demand for next year. One man is now preparing about 10 acres of
ground for this crop alone. Native com two years ago was unknown here as a
product, although there were a few plants raised and prized as is a weakly
palm in a hothouse back in the States. This year there were 1,802 baskets
(about a half bushel per basket) raised and sold. Squash, cantaloupes, celery,
parsnips, turnips, tomatoes, etc., grown and sold here by these natives are
equal in size and flavor to those grown by the most careful gardener under the
most promising conditions in the States. The supply only is deficient, and I
fear this will continue to be our trouble, as the demand increases more rapidly
than the belief in such a demand can expand in the mind of the native; in
other words his hind sight is better than his foresight.
Rice paddies. — The construction of rice paddies in this province Involves
an enormous amount of labor, which is expensive. The natives terrace the hills
from the lowest level to the level of the water supply. The walls of these ter-
races are made of stone, rising one above the other, and are then filled with
rich productive soil. In the construction of these terraces they often build
their walls, completing their improvements to the top, and then for the purpose
of filling they go to the source of the stream an^ shovel black dirt into the
waterway that runs down over the terraces ; as the water strikes one level after
another the sediment precipitates, forming the completed terrace, thus avoiding
the effort of carrying the soil in baskets from possibly a long distance. In this
way primitive man in a primitive way has accomplished an engineering feat,
the principle of which is the same as that used in making the fill of the Luneta
Extension of Manila. There has been a noticeable increase in the number of
these paddies constructed throughout the province.
Lands. — Chapter IV of the land act giving free titles to native settlers was
made applicable to this province January 1, 190C. The natives looked upon
this with favor and have filed claims for about 1,200 parcels of land. These
claims have been surveyed, mapped and monuments placed on the ground by
the bureau of lands, and titles will issue as rapidly as counterclaims may be
adjusted. The restriction of one claim to each proi)erty holder, while a great
advance from any favor granted the Igorot by our predecessors, still falls to
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS.
279
cover the ground claimed by these people in anything like a satisfactory man-
ner. Owing to the rough and broken surface of the country the parcels of
ground cultivated by the natives are small and detached from each other. That
is, one man owns several cultivated areas, mostly rice paddies, ranging in ex-
tent probably from one to four or five acres, all small. Now, under this ruling
he can make claim for one parcel only, which he fears may leave the others
open to pre-emption by other parties, although they have cost him much time
and labor to construct The limit of such free patent in extent of land con-
veyed is 16 hectares or 40 acres and it would seem advisable to limit their claims
only by this limitation of area instead of by the number of parcels of land
conveyed. Ck)nsidering the ignorance and natural hesitation to adopt any
new plan by these Igorots, their taking out of 1,200 claims under this provi-
sion of the law, small as it is, is indicative of their advancement and desire for
individual ownership of property. A man who owns his home obeys the law
that protects that home and insists that others do the same. It is a great
advance from the nomadic state of barbarism.
FINANCE.
Toicnship. — ^There are 16 townships in the province of Benguet. The collec-
tions of these townships as provided for In township act No. 1397 amounted to
^24,073.63 and the expenses to W4,365.09, leaving a balance on hand of
M,708.54, of which ^,045.11 Is due Bagulo township. This township has con-
tracted for a market building for which excavations are now being made which
will cost complete more than W,000. The ordinary expenses of these town-
ships are salaries, office supplies, rond tools, road repair, bridges, and the main-
tenance of the public building, called the " tribunal." The receipts of the town-
ships accrue from a head tax of n for each adult male, a property tax of one-
half of 1 per cent on valuation, and a cattle registration fee of n. per head and
licenses.
Provincial. — ^The revenues of the province for the past year and the disburse-
ments were as follows:
General
fund.
Road and
bridge
fund.
REVENUES.
Balance on hand July 1, 1006
Registry of property..
Mining feefl
Judicial fees
Court fees
Insular government appropriation..
Internal revenue
Miscellaneous
Roaid tax
Refund overpay
Transfers, Baguio-Trinidad road —
Town and settlement
Provincial
TownschooL.^
T7.357.22
54.67
628.00
488.64
16.00
20,860.00
2,692.89
en.2i
n, 602.49
962.00
15.50
1,308.35
8.045.49
4.000.0O
827.78
Total-
EXPENDXTUBES.
Salaries
Travel expenses
Sheriff fees
Court fees
Office supplies
Mall and telegrams ,
Premiums, bonds
Rental for building _
Maintenance of prisoners
Equipment..
Repairs to buildings
Construetion, maintenance of roads..
Miscellaneous -
' Subsistence, Industrial school
Transfer of funds
Total
Balance on hand
32,744.06 11,761.56
13,830.10
1,619.00
27.36
384.00
2,264.72
325.00
259.84
1,800.00
537.00
149.14
2,154.16
920.47
1,908.79
4.000.00
StSas.29
7.73
30.170.48
.-.' 2.603.58 >
7,466.02
4,293.54
280 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
In addition to the W,638.29 expenditure for roads and bridges the province
has also expended its quota of free labor, which is now ten days for each adult
male in the province, on the repair of trails in the different townships and on
the main provincial trails, Sablan and Baguio, Trinidad and Baguio road, Suyok
and Baguio trail, and Antimok and Baguio road. The Sablan and Baguio trail
Is our natural outlet from Benguet to the coast by Union province. This is a
much-traveled highway, as It connects the Army post, Camp Wallace, with the
military post. Camp John Hay, situated at Baguio. The old trail has been
changed in many places, cutting out high and adverse grades on a survey made,
reducing the average grade of the trail to 5 per cent with a maximum of 6. At
the present rate of progress on this trail it will take three years to develop the
trail on this plan, but completed will fully demonstrate the possibility of reach-
ing Baguio from the sea upon a low and practicable grade.
The road between Baguio and Trinidad has been partially metaled, and work
on this line will continue until a perfect roadbed is constructed. The necessity
of thii^ being a flrst-class road will be readily understood by simply stating that
in the Trinidad valley is located the government stock farm and the government
experimental station, the latter of which supplies Baguio with its vegetables
and strawberries. The trail to Suyok, about 45 miles in length, follows the
mountain range without crossing a river and is expected to shorten the distance
between Baguio and Cervantes, the capital of Lepanto-Bontoc, by two days, be-
sides eliminating the dangers of the present trail, which follows up the valley
of the Agno, necessitating several fords, impracticable during the rainy season.
On this new trail, however, there is a vast amount of rock work, and while the
work will be pushed as rapidly as possible the coming year it will take another
before It is completed, and as it follows for several miles on its northern end
the boundary line, the province of Lepanto should be requested to assist in the
construction of that part, especially as the chief benefit to be derived from the
construction of this trail will accrue to the people of Suyok, of that province.
The Antimok road leads from Baguio through Bua down to the Antimok mines.
It was planned that this road should be on an 8 per cent grade, as it was antici-
pated that the haul for loaded wagons would all be down,- returning empty.
Originally a trail, it was widened, making it passable for carts and wagons.
The traffic over this road has been stupendous. Tons and tons qf material
have been transported to these mines and hundreds of tons are yet to follow.
This road must be widened out, better bridged, drained, and metaled. The
traffic over it has demonstrated its necessity, and the construction of mining
plants will repay in their taxes all the exi^enditure for construction.
SCHOOLS.
We have but four schools in Benguet. The Baguio school with three Ameri-
can teachers is instituted as the central provincial school. To this pupils are
sent from the different townships and here they are housed, subsisted, and
clothed. A course of instruction in manual training is provided and the pupil
is expected to spend half of his school day in the shops.
As a boarding school this is exclusively a boys' school — and Igorot boys
at that — but as a day school it Is open to all resident students.
The number in attendance as boarders has always been limited to 100 by the
appropriation for subsistence, but this attendance has not been maintained
throughout any year since establishment.
The present attendance of boarding pupils in this school varies from 30 to 50,
but it is hoped and expected to double immediately after the rice harvest.
The Bua school is a boarding school for Igorot girls, the industrial feature
being the teaching of weaving, housekeeping along American lines, and cleanli-
ness in everything. Attendance, 25. One American female teacher and one
assistant native female teacher.
The Cabayan school is a day school with an attendance of 100 boys and 25
girls, all Igorots, in charge of an American supervising teacher and native
assistant, who also teaches weaving.
In connection with this school and under the same supen'ision is a school at
Daklan and another at Bokod, each under an Igorot teacher' and each with
about 30 pupils attending.
The La Trinidad school has between 50 and 60 pupils, about equally divided
between Igorots and Ilocauos. Here also weaving is being taught. This
school is in charge of an American lady with two native assistants. The attend-
ance here is expected to double after rice harvest.
REPORTS^ OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 281
No weaving had ever been done in tliis province, the natives buying the cloth
from which to make the little clothing they consider necessary from their
neighbors, the Ilocanos. The teaching of this Industry is most favorably re-
ceived by the Igorots.
This year's report is the first to tell of mining in the province of Benguet.
Heretofore it has been theory, prospects, assays of samples, hopes and fears.
Now the experiment has been tried, modern machinery has been introduced,
and modern methods employed with results encouraging if not satisfactory.
The first year in any enterprise is usually accompanied with many discourage-
ments, and when at a long distance from the base of supplies discouragements
multiply.
At the time of the preparation of my last report the Benguet Ck)nsolidated
Mining Company was busy installing the Hendy three-stamp mill and cyanide
plant, with a water system to furnish power for operating the mill. The stamps
were put in operation early in September, working at first on material from the
dump. The cyanide plant was not put in commission until near the end of the
year, owing to delay in getting duplicates for certain necessary parts that were
lost in transit. Work was begun on reopening the mine and starting further
development work therein early in September. Until this was well started the
operation of the mill was somewhat Intermittent, but since the first of January
the mill has been operated steadily night and day on ore taken from the mine
in the course of development work only, and the proceeds have been more than
suflicient to pay for all operating expenses. Inclusive of all development work,
fixed charges, etc., and a very considerable margin left to apply on improve-
ments. A new mill of three stamps has been purchased and Is ^n the ground
ready for erection. Material is arriving for a slimes plant, and two more leach-
ing tanks are being ordered for the cyanide plant.
The yield of gold since the mill started is about $17,500, United States cur-
rency.
The cost of operating is less than $3.50 per ton mined and milled, including
cost of development, assaying, supervision, etc., on a basis of 450 tons per
month mined and milled.
There has been about 1,270 feet of development work done In the Minnesota
mine alone during the year, of which about 450 feet is tunneling and drifting on
ore, 170 feet of crosscuttiug, and 330 feet of shafts, raises, and winzes, all In
ore. As a result a great deal of pay ore has been blocked out, enough to assure
the operation of the property for some time to come, even were there to be
no more ore put in sight. But more pay ore is being continually put In sight,
and the results of the work are very gratifying.
The Nels Peterson mine produced $3,500 In gold In three months' time actu-
ally employed, and Mr. Hansen, who put in a water-power stamp mill on the
Copper King property Just at the close of the last rainy season, and who only
had about a ten days' run, reports obtaining the happy result in that short
period of K.OOO worth of gold.
The Bua Mining Company have a 6-stamp mill on the ground and nearly
' ready for operation. James Kelly expects his machinery next year.
There have been 102 mining claims filed this year. Prospectors are finding
favorable mineral ground In new localities, and old prospects, especially in
Lubang district, are being developed to the point where mining machinery may
be profitably Introduced.
For claims, field and registry fees for assessment work done, the province
has received M28.
PATERNALISM.
The United States Government is beneficent and advantageous to these people
In contrast to past conditions In the following particulars:
Whereas appointees were named in the different districts, called " gobemador-
cillos," to carry out the will and pleasure of the ruling powers, now "the natives
elect from among themselves a presidente to represent them In council with
their governor and under his direction and advice to govern their township.
Courts recognize In these natives the existence of the rights of men; their
testimony is given dignified consideration and decisions are rendered for or
against them as Justice demands.
282 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
The bureau of health has a sanitary inspector constantly among them work-
ing to prevent disease, relieving minor troubles, and sending serious ones to the
hospital at Baguio.
The agricultural bureau by the establishment of an experimental station in
the Trinidad Valley demonstrates the possibilities of the country in vegetables,
plants, and l>erries in so acceptable a manner that the natives have ceased
placer mining and taken to agriculture as a more certain and easier method of
getting gold.
The same bureau has also a stock farm in this same valley, with fine breed-
ing animals in horses, cattle, and swine for the benefit of the stock of the
natives.
The schools established give to the Igorots hope that as their boys become
educated they may replace the hated Ilocano, who now hold most of the 'posi-
tions as township secretaries. That their hopes are well grounded will appear
when it is stated that two Igorot students are now holding such office in the
townships of Kibungan and Cabayan with much gratification to the inhabitants
of these towns and with more than average ability, rating by the other township
secretaries of the province.
Roads are constructed opening up inaccessible districts ; demand for laborers
exceed the supply; good wages are paid promptly; abuse of workmen is not
permitted, but they are invariably given due consideration.
They have the privilege of enlisting in the constabulary, have their own
police, have been granted tne privilege of making claims for lands, and for the
first time in their history Igorots now have titles to homes.
BECOM MEND ATIONS.
January 1, 1908, the natives of Benguet will have had for two years the
exclusive privilege of filing claims for lands, and have been assisted and con-
stantly urged to file their claims by the officials and agents of the government.
This is a white man's climate and here may be raised the products with
which he Is most familiar. Here he may engage in stock raising or agriculture,
where the experience of like occupation in the temperate zone will be of value.
The establishment of the army post " Camp John Hay " as a convalescent sta-
tion, of a large civil hospital In Baguio, of Baguio as the summer capital of the
Philippines and a health resort, create a demand for natural supplies, for prod-
ucts of the soil, and I would respectfully recommend that the entire land act
be applied to the province of Benguet, giving homestead and leasing privileges.
All of which -is respectfully submitted,
William F. Pack,
Oovemor of the Province of Benguet.
The Governor-General.
Report of the CJovernor of Bohol.
[TranslatioD.] •
Office of the Governor, Province of Bohol,
Tagbilaran, P. /., July 11, 1907.
Sir: I have the honor, in compliance with the provisions of act Xo. 1044
of the Philippine Commission, to submit the following report for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1907.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
As in previous years, there has not been any party strife during the year,
nor has any of the parties in Manila organlssed committees In any part of this
province. For this reason it is impossible to determine absolutely, or even In
a general way, the sentiments of the i)eople as to the poltlcal status of the
Philippine Islands.
Pulahanlsm, which had threatened to disturb the peace and tranquillity of
this province, esixicially of the southern portion, disappeared with the capture
of Catallno Lagare, Benito Adayo, Tomas Caguang, Juan Cagud, Alonso Rodri-
guez, and Pedro Pamon. Otherwise there has not been any change in the
political conditions since my last rer)ort, and peace and order have not been
disturbed In any way worthy of mention.
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 283
PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
Owing to the sanitary measures which are gradually being Introduced in all
the municipalities by the bureau of health, the public health continues to im-
prove. This Is shown by the decreased mortality revealed by a comparison of
the number of deaths during the present with those of last year. During
the past year the number of deaths recorded was 3,361, and during the present
only 2,557, a difference of .794 in favor of the latter.
There were registered during the year 8,162 births, against 8,249 last year,
showing a decrease of births; but taken jointly the data relative to deaths
and births reveal an Increase of the population.
The sanitary improvements which it is endeavored to introduce are the
following : 1. The sinking of artesian wells in the municipalities of Tagbilaran,
Bacltfyon, Calape and Tublgon. 2. The organization of the municipal boards
of health into districts, in accordance with act* No. 1613, the province to be
divided into six health districts.
From October 29, 1906, until the present writing vaccinations have been per-
formed in 16 municipalities, the total number of persons vaccinated being
129,815.
There has not been any epidemic disease during the period covered by this
report.
The 71 lepers existing in the several municipalities of this province have
already been gathered together and taken to the Culion leper colony on May
27 of this year,
A pharmacy will soon be opened at Tagbilaran by private parties. It will
be the first In the province and will have branch establishments in several of
the municipalities. The introduction of this improvement in the life of the
municipalities will fill a long-felt need of this province, as it is now very dif-
ficult, not to say impossible, for the people to secure medicine unless they have
the time and money necessary to order them from the city of Ceba.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
One of the branches to which this provincial government has devoted special
attention, because it deems it to be of capital Importance, is public Instruction.
In fact, seeing how little the provincial government is able to do, under present
conditions, for agriculture. Industry, and commerce, in view of the lack of
means and resources for their development, it is evident that the future of the
province lies in the instruction and education of the masses, k: having been
shown that the material prosperity of a country always stands in direct rela-
tion to the degree of intellectual culture of its people.
I have always made special efforts to convince the people of this truth, and
Judging from the decided support and efficient cooperation found on the part
of the people in the construction of schoolhouses, and the great emulation which
exists among the school youth, I do not believe that my hopes have been
frustrated.
In my previous reports I have called attention to the progress made In this
respect, and it only remains for me to state what has been achieved during
the period covered by this rerwrt.
The following table shows the progress made In the province during this
fiscal year in the construction of schoolhouses, and gives the approximate value
of the assistance rendered by the people In each pueblo : "
During this year the province has completed the construction of two provin-
cial buildings set aside for secondary instruction and Industrial training,
described in detail in my previous report.
AGRICULTURE.
Rice, — The rice crop harvested has surpassed all the hopes of the growers
of this grain, though this abundance is merely relative. It is estimated that
the last crop exceeded the one before by 55 per cent, and the only thing to be
regretted Is that the area at present under cultivation is not even one-half
of what It was in previous years, owing to the lack of carabao. It would be
^ Omitted and on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
284 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
desirable, for the improvement and development of the cultivation of this grain,
to Introduce mules at prices compatible with the scant means at the disix>sitioii
of the small landowners.
Maize and ahaca, — Very little maize Is harvested. This is also due to the
lack of carabao, because the agriculturists formerly engaged in growing maize
have taken up the cultivation of abaca, which is increasing to a considerable
extent, especially in the pueblos of Carmen, Bilar, Sierra-Bu Hones, Balilijan,
Tubigon, Antequera, Jagna, Duero, Guindulman, Anda, Candijay, Dimiao,
Valencia, and Garcia-Hernandez.
Cocoanuts. — ^A noteworthy improvement in the cocoanut trees has been ob-
served recently.
Tuhers. — The cultivation of tubers has given better results than in previous
years, owing to considerable rainfall and in view of the fact that the use of
carabao is not indispensable in the cultivation of this crop.
Agricultural hank, — The establishment of an agricultural bank in this prov-
ince can not, in my judgment, ibe of benefit to the agriculturists therein, because,
in view of the fact that the real estate is distributed among many owners, it
is difficult, not to say impossible, for the small landholder to defray the ex-
cessive expense of perfecting his title in accordance with existing legislation,
and this will make loans impossible, for the lack of sufficient securities.
The surra wrought great havoc at Ubay and Sierra-Bu Hones, carrying off
99 per cent of the horses therein. Surra prevails at present in the pueblos of
Duero, Guindulman, Candijay, Mabinl, and Anda.
Upon the appearance of this infectious disease the provincial board passed
a resolution, in accordance with the provisions of act No. 133 (sec. 6, k),
directing the isolation of infected animals, for the purpose of preventing the
propagation of the disease, and resolved further, with a view to strictly en-
forcing this measure, to appoint a sufficient number of police inspectors, paid
from provincial funds at the rate of ^1 per day.
Promotion of agriculture. — ^Aside from the evils of a transitory character
which now a^ict agriculture, such as the lack of carabao and the locust plague,
there exist others which, in my judgment, call for action on part of the
administration, for instance, the lack of roads and of knowledge of agricul-
tural matters.
I am of the opinion, and beg your pardon for insisting, that a road traversing
the interior of this province, where the land is the most suitable for cultivation,
would give an impulse to agriculture and commerce, especially if combined with
the establishment of model farms at the most adequate places.
FINANCES.
The provincial and municipal sources of revenue of the province of Bohol
have been the same as during former years, and the needs of the public service
having been adjusted to the receipts from taxes, without an attempt having
been made to create new ones, the financial condition has been such that the
receipts fully covered the exi)enses.
The payment and collection of the taxes and Imposts has been so regular that
nothing has remained uncollected except very small sums for cMulas, wlilch
the persons Interested were unable to pay, for worthy reasons. Considering the
fact that to continue carrying the small amounts owing for cMula taxes due
prior to January 1, 1905. would merely make it difficult to collect this tax for
subsequent years, and that the remission of these amounts would make the tax
more collectible, and therefore redound to the benefit of the persons above
mentioned and of the province, the provincial board deemed it prudent to
resolve, at its session of May 13, 1907, that the debits above mentioned be
remitted.
The following table shows the financial life of the province of Bohol in the
year 1900-7.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVIlJfCIAL. GOVEBNOBS.
285
Financial statement for the fiscal year, July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907.
Receipts.
Cart tax _
Land tax, prior year
Interest on time deposit _
Municipal tax.
Oedulas. act No. 83
Cedulas. act No. 1189
Municipal licenses, act No. 1189-148
Opium certificates, act No. 1461-27
Refund from insular treasury
Miscellaneous refunds^
Sales of supplies.. _
Exchange of currency.
Transfer from Oongressional relief fund..
Transfer from general fund
Oongressional relief fund, act No. 127.>__.
Repayment of loans by municipalities
Total receipts-
Provincial share
Municipal share
OoUectlon.
Philippine Spanish
currency, currency.
^116,
24,457,
563.
26.681.
1.381.
68.563.
6.252.
415.
88.053.
4.327.
8,ge».
2,681.
14,948.6a
Pfs.
3.232.04
237,455.90
107.423.13
130.082.77
3.232.04
INDUSTBY.
The manufacture of mats, burl hats, salakots, and cotton and sinamay cloth
has not experienced any impulse, nor has there been any improyement in quality
or quanti^. This is due to the primitive methods used in these industries;
but as to the manufacture of sinamay, it must be stated that greater care is
used, and that the quality has consequently improved.
. These industries are still of little importance.
An oil factory is operating in the pueblo of Loay ; and its annual output is
estimated at 10,000 gallons. The cocoanuts or copra necessary are furnished
by the municipalities of Loay, Alburquerque, Loboc, and Dimiao, the amount of
copra consumed being estimated at 1,216 piculs per annum.
ECONOMICS.
In view of the bad condition of agriculture. Industry, and commerce, the
economic condition of this province is not satisfactory. Each year this province
is obliged to send a considerable sum of money abroad for products, which falls
far from being comiJensated by the value of its own. The fact that the prov-
ince has not yet felt the evil consequences of economic ruin and penury is doubt-
less due to the coastwise trade carried on by a large majority of the pueblos
of this province on a small scale with the islands of Luzon, Mindanao, Leyte,
Samar, Iloilo, Cebu, and Negros. The profits from this source, though small,
have apparently been sufficient to maintain the economic equilibrium in this
island, while the people thereof endeavor to increase the output of copra and
continue planting their land with maguey and abac&. Fortunately a relative
improvement is already noticeable In the production of cocoanuts.
COMMERCE.
In speaking of the economic condition, we have already given a sufficiently
clear idea of the commerce of this province. Agriculture and industry are
unable to export In sufficient quantities to compensate for the large amount of
importation. The small coastwise trade, however. Into which the lack of fer-
tility of the soil of Bohol has forced the great majority of the people, has doubt-
less saved the province from the sad consequences of Its scant agricultural and
industrial production.
NATURAL WEALTH.
As to the natural wealth of Bohol, It may be said that It has been reduced
to almost nothing. As to lowland forests, there have never been any worthy of
that name, and, as to high forests, there have not been any for many years,
except the timber patches In the Interior of the island, available, not for ex-
286 REPORT OF THE PHIUPPINB COMMISSION.
ploitatlon for revenue, bat only for gratnitons ntilizatfon by tbe natives, for
which porpose the province of Bohol was included in the list of provinces called
*' provincias acotadas '* in the times of the Spanish government. The few small
mangrove swamps at Candijay, Ubay, and Ipil, and the patches of timber at
Anda, which some parties from Cebu have been exploiting under a paid license
granted by the present government, are the only ones wliich have produced rev-
enue during the year.
BECOIC MEND ATIONS.
1. Opening of the port of Tagbilaran.
2. Establishment of a fishery school in the municipality of Tubigon.
3. Construction of the Loboc-Bilar road.
4. Extension of the mall-steamer line to the ports of Jagna, Guindulman,
I'bay, Tubigon, Loboc, and Marlbojoc in connection with the other steamers of
tbe Cebu line.
5. Amendment of the road law so that labor be made available for other
municiiml works.
6. Establishment of a model farm at Carmen«
7. Introduction of mules for agricultural purposes at prices compatible with
the scant means of the small landholders.
To the opening of the port of Tagbilaran the Commission is earnestly re-
quested to give special attention. The reasons for which this is deemed ad-
visable and necessary, together with those for my second, third, and seventh
recommendations, have been set forth in my former reporta
The extension of the steamer routes is to secure the benefit which this sys-
tem of communication is liable to bring to commerce and industry, especially
at the present time, when the province is without roads connecting the pueblos
of the interior with those at which the mail steamers now call.
The amendment of the road law is of imperious necessity, in view of the fact
that the majority of the municipalities have not and can not have sufficient
funds for the repair of the municipal buildings.
Very resi)ectfully, Salustiano Bobja,
Oovemor of the Province of BohoU
Tbe Govebnob-General.
Report of the Governor of Bulacan.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Bulacan,
Malolos, July i, 19(n.
Sib : In accordance with the provisions of act No. 1(M4, I have the honor to
forward the following annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907 :
POLITICAL CONDITION OF THE PROVINCE.
The province of Bulacan has passed through an era of invariable peace. No
event happened to cause an alteration of the public order, nor was the least
attempt made by any armed baud to disturb the peace prevailing In the province.
There were recorded a very few cases of assault, of insignificant Importance,
which were generally perpetrated In the distant barrios, and some holdups on.
the rivers, near their mouths. In the vicinity of the coast municipalities, that are
very frequent In other munlclimlltles similarly situated. Such abuses, either of
persons or to property, do not constitute acts contrail to the maintenance of
public order In this province. During tbe Spanish regime, before the vicissi-
tudes and rigors were felt which the revolution carried with It, and after the
revolution, these molestations occurred more frequently than at present, not-
withstanding the tortures inflicted upon the alleged authors by the peace au-
thorities of that time, even before the trial of the accused. Due to our secret
service system and to the cooperation of the people, we have had the good for-
tune In the majority of cases to discover, capture, and place at the disposal of
the courts of justice the authors of these vexations. Moreover, during the year
the surrender of seven revolvers and two guns wns secured, some found on
suspects, and as a result such irregularities have become less frequent.
BEPOETS OP PROVINCIAL, GOVERNORS. 287
Owing to a rigid campaign against the cattle tMeves of this province, who,
In connivance with those of neighboring provinces, were the terror of the
owners of draft animals, the number of theftis of carabaos has diminished con-
siderably.
In this way terror has been infused into the carabao thieves, and now such
thefts no longer occur with such frequency as formerly.
As a result of this campaign, the authorities have succeeded in placing the
suspected thieves at the disposal of the courts of Justice, while many of the
stolen carabaos have been returned to their true owners, and the remainder,
unclaimed, have been sold at public auction for the benefit of the municipal
funds.
The greatest respect is maintained for the laws, and it is my great pleasure
to record in this report the prodigious progress of the municipal officials in the
administration of public affairs, all of whom have worked in conformity with
the duties which the law imposes on them, as also the progress of the residents
of this province in the observance of the regulations and laws in force.
The province is entirely Nationalist and trusts in the justice of its legitimate
aspirations and in the liberality of the American Government, the master of the
destinies of the country. It does all that it can to encourage its moral and
material development, which constitutes its political labor of to-day. Two
political parties, the former Partido Independista and the former Partido Union
Nacionalista, now united in Manila, both of which advocate the independence
of the country, are campaigning in the province, represented by the different
candidates for the Assembly. These political parties were and are engaged in
a warm contest, up to the present time legal, peaceable, and worthy of the con-
testants, such as might be observed in the most cultured nations, whom we need
envy in noway in this particular.
AGRICULTUBE.
The rice crop was small. The rice looked promising for some time after
planting and until the ears appeared; the stems were fine and abundant, but
the ears had very little grain.'
The irregularity of the rainy season, which is changing, is surmised by many
to be one of the causes of the scarcity of grain, and I concur in this opinion.
The farmers have been unable to determine the season for preparing the seed,
and other work previous to transplanting.
The great need of establishing an irrigation system in the manner which I
had the honor of recommending in my previous annual report is undeniable.
By this means I am sure that even though our farmers follow their primitive
methods a decided improvement in the condition of our agriculture would be
obtained.
Ck)nceming the production of sugar I can say little or nothing, for it has not
experienced any impetus. I believe this is due to the lack of capital and because
there is no market for this product, and Your Honor will understand why the
establishment of the Agricultural Bank is anxiously awaited by the landowners
as the sole efficacious remedy for the crisis through which our agriculture is
passing.
As promptly reported to the general government, rinderpest has appeared
in several municipalities and has caused great damage among the draft
animals, which, of course, is another misfortune for our agriculture. God grant
it may not suffer any further decline on this account!
The use of fertilizers and irrigation is slowly being Introduced, and owing
to this and to the fertility of the soil comparatively good crops were obtained
when the rains were seasonable.
Methods of cultivation, as well as the implements of labor, are the same as
those of the preceding fiscal year; no change at all has been noted in this
respect. The total land area cultivated in the province has increased, owing
to the number of draft animals which the inhabitants of the province have
acquired and to the greater security of property.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
I do not believe that it is a hazardous assertion to say that the last school
year has been one of the most successful for public instruction in this province.
Instruction has progressed in such manner that for the months of October and
November, 1906, the total number of students enrolled in all the public schools
of the province amounted to approximately 16,000.
288 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Its Importance is no longer hidden from anyone. The apathy which some
families* indifferent to instructiofi felt for it In former times has entirely
disappeared. An enthusiastic desire for knowledge has spread, and its necessity
has impressed all the inhabitants of the province. There is no doubt now that
the efforts of the government and citizens will be crowned with success and
the general very earnest desire of the country to figure among the most cultured
nations will be realized.
The excellent system of teaching which has been adopted by the government
has greatly contributed to the development of public instruction, giving all
social classes a chance to send their children to the public schools, and the
good offices of the municipal executives, who through their influence have
shown its advantages, also contribute to this end.
The province will soon have, besides the schoolhouses and dormitory, a
school of arts and trades. The hope is entertained that the erection of such
building will greatly assist the development of Instruction and will be another
stimulus to Induce the public, without distinction as to social classes or reli-
gious creeds, to take a lively interest In the success of the system of teaching
now adopted by the government.
The municipalities have succeeded during this year, as in the preceding
years, in constructing some schoolhouses. Some of them, not having sufficient
municipal funds, built their schools by public subscription. This public senti-
ment in favor of the Intellectual progress of the province is worthy of approval.
A great falling off in the total number of students enrolled was noted in the
month of January, 1907. Of 15.995 enrolled In the month of November, 1906,
there remained only 9,401. This is unquestionably due not to the deficiency
of the government system of teaching nor to the incorrect procedure of the
teachers, but to the opening of many Catholic schools, which, taking advantage
of the religious fanaticism of some and carrying on a competition with the
public schools supported by the government, succeeded in taking away a con-
siderable number of students. This unexpected reaction, which occurred
simultaneously with the establishment of private or Catholic schools, is ap-
parently in pursuance of the intolerance of the Catholic schools, which seem
to have an aversion to the lay schools.
In the school year 1907--8, commencing in June of the present year, a com-
parative falling off in the number of students enrolled in all the public schools
of the province has also been noted. I believe, however, that with the aid of
the officials and employees of the bureau of education and of the municipal offi-
cials a moral Infiuence can be exercised over the Inhabitants of this province
and that they can be convinced of the advantages which the public schools
offer. The little success obtained up to the present time by the Catholic schools
Is merely temporary.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
Pulic health during the year could not have been better. The province
has had none of the epidemics formerly afflicting It — ^neither cholera, smallpox,
nor any other.
The efforts for sanitation by the provincial sanitary officers and employees
have not been in vain. The sanitary condition of the different municipalities
is so satisfactory that, in view of their present knowledge, it is not possible to
wish for better.
For some time past a great Improvement has been noticed In the observance
of personal cleanliness. Primitive methods formerly employed by the unedu-
cated classes to keep their homes in a sanitary condition have now fallen into
disuse. The true sanitary methods recommended by medical science are being
rapidly introduced, even in the homes of the lowest classes.
The construction of several artesian wells in various municipalities contrib-
utes greatly to the preservation of good health. The drinking water that such
wells now supply, and which directly affects public health, will take the place
of the unhealthful water of the wells and rivers formerly used In the munic-
ipalities.
The province has therefore been more fortunate as to public health than In
former years, and sanitation Is comparatively satisfactory. The sanitary
authorities have been continually engaged since December, 1906, in the work
of vaccination, with very happy results. The total number of persons vatcl-
iiated throughout the province during the past six months was 92,686.
Vaccination, which In former years was objected to by the people, is now
freely consented to and approved by them. •
BEPOBTS OP PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 289
COMMEBCE.
Bulacan is wholly agricultural; yet it has no great markets and but little
basiness is transacted. Many, however, are engaged in trading on a small
scale in the principal products of the province, such as palay, rice, sugar, etc.
The palay business has developed during the year, it having attained a rela-
tively high price.
The traffic between the municipalities has attained a development to which
the easy communication between them by the railroad and good highways has
chiefly contributed.
A very large Improvement is noted in business, and a still greater develop-
ment is expected from the dredging of the Malolos River and the opening of
the canal between Malolos and Calumpit, which will also help the markets of
both of these municipalities, which are the only ones of much importance in the
province.
INDUSTRY.
The industries are as stated in my annual report for the fiscal year 1906:
The cabinet shops, which furnish chairs and beds made of Baliuag wood, and
chairs, beds, cradles, etc., all made of rattan, from San Miguel de Mayumo;
the harness shops of Meycauayan and Baliuag, where the harness generally
used in this province and in some of the adjoining municipalities of other prov-
inces is made ; the manufacture of silk cloths in Baliuag, and pifia and jusi in
Hagonoy and Bulacan ; the manufacture of hats and pocket cases of cane, nito,
and uway in the municipalities of Baliuag, Quingua, and Calumpit; and of
wooden shoes in Meycauayan; and cane chairs in Quingua and Guiguinto,
municipality of Bulacan.
There are at the present time 12 machines for hulling and cleaning rice, and,
as shown by the greater number of machines now in the province and with
others to come, this industry is apparently progressing and giving good returns.
The greater number of these machines are in continuous operation the year
round.
In other Industries no great progress has been observed, although a greater
demand for articles supplied by the cabinet-shops has been noticed.
MANUTACTUBES.
The province now has 6 alcohol distilleries, 26 cigarette and 11 cigar fac-
tories, all of which are in operation.
There appears to be a certain depression in the alcohol trade, which seems
to be corroborated by the closing of 5 of the 11 distilleries operating in the
province during the previous fiscal year.
likewise a certain reduction in the number of cigar and cigarette factories
has been noticed. There were 45 of these factories during the previous year,
while now there are but 37.
NATURAL resources; MINERAL, FORESTRY.
During this year two guano deposits were discovered, one located at Bahay
Tanique, in the interior of the mountain of Biacnabato, in the municipality of
San Mig]uel, and the other at Sibul (Norzagaray), municipality of Angat.
No mineral discoveries have been made except those already recorded in
previous reports. These are all iron mines, the output of which for the pres-
ent is only sufficient to supply points for plows and blades for arms.
In the mountains of San Miguel, Angat, and Santa Maria there are large
forests, which if exploited on a large scale would greatly contribute to the
Improvement of the economic condition of the province.
It is beyond question that with the completion of the works now under way
in the rivers of Bayabas and Ipo in Norzagaray (Angat) for the removal of
the large rocks that obstruct transportation from the forests in the mountains
a very great impetus will be given to forest industry.
Up* to the present time these forests have not been appreciated, and they
have been exploited only on a very small scale, even though their hard timber
greatly surpasses that imported from America.
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 ^19
290 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION,
NONCHBISTIAN OB PAGAN TRIBES.
In the mountain of Katulran of the district of San Jose, municipality of
Santa Maria, there is a small settlement of Aetas, and in the mountains of
Norzagaray, municipality of Angat, there is another. Besides these, many
Aetas live in the mountains of San Miguel, Angat, and Santa Maria, and do
not live in organized communities.
FINANCE.
Provincial funds during the present year have been sufficient to meet the
ordinary expenses and to defray those occasioned by the various improvements
made on the provincial roads and bridges, ferry system, and others of a differ-
ent character. The provincial revenues for the year amounted to a very con-
siderable sum, of which, after having deducted the expenditures occasioned
by the administration, public works, etc., the province has on hand a balance
of M9,773.46.
However, the provincial funds have not been, nor do I believe they will be
for some time, sufficient to undertake the large works which the public service
requires, such as the construction of the bridges of Quingua, Bagbag, Calumpit,
Bigaa, Marilao, etc.
The municipal treasuries of the different municipalities have been in such a
condition that they have been able to meet the expenses of administration and
to introduce many Improvements, with the exception of those requiring a very
large outlay, such as the construction of large municipal buildings, bridges, etc.
In the provincial treasury there is on hand 1P93,448.87 from collections de-
posited by the different municipalities.
In short, owing to the financial administration and to the skill of its head,
the financial condition of the province has been quite satisfactory throughout
the year.
PUBLIC WOBKS.
During the present year the province of Bulacan has attended to the repair
and construction of various provincial and municipal roads, reenforced concrete
bridges, culverts, and several ferry systems. I believe that about 100 culverts
were constructed during the fiscal year. The reenforced concrete bridges in
Mambog, municipality of Malolos ; a similar bridge at Cambaog, between Quin-
,gua and Bustos, and others of the same character have been erected during the
year out of provincial funds.
The municipalities have not been inactive in public works. Malolos has
repaired several municipal roads and the municipal building, has constructed
a reenforced concrete bridge and a landing place for the market. Polo has
repaired its roads and constructed several bridges; Bulacan, its roads, and
about the last of the year it commenced to erect its municipal building. Hago-
noy and Calumpit have repaired and constructed several bridges, and Paom-
bong has constructed a schoolhouse by subscription and the personal aid of
the people.
The plans for the construction of the building for the school of arts and
trades have been prepared and approved. It is expected that within the com-
ing fiscal year we shall see this building erected. The construction of a pro-
vincial Jail is likewise projected, and the hope is entertained that this work
will be commenced within the coming fiscal year.
The provincial board has directed the district engineer to prepare adequate
plans for the oiwning of a canal between Malolos and Calumpit to connect the
Quingua and Malolos rivers. The commerce and industry of the province, the
agriculture of Calumpit, Paombong, and Malolos, and the public health of
Malolos, will be greatly benefited thereby. The provincial boarcf, unless, there
is some very serious obstacle, will commence this work within the coming
fiscal year.
At the expense of the insular treasury the great works In the Ipo and Bayabas
rivers, district of Norzagaray, municipality of Angat, have been undertaken.
The object is the destruction of large rocks In rivers that impede the passage
of forestry products from the mountains. Fortunately they have succeede*!
in blowing up all the rocks which were obstacles to the transportation of the
timber, much to the satisfaction of the population of Angat and Norzagaray.
This work was recommended by me on account of its importance and useful-
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNOBS, 291
ness to the province and to the insular treasury, and without doubt it will
bring great improvements In the development of the utilization of the forestry
products of this province.
In the municipalities of Quingua, Bocaue, Santa Maria, Angat, Malolos, and.
Quingua a large extent of roads has been repaired by voluntary labor of the
residents thereof, who cheerfully i)erform this work so long as the law rela-
tive to compulsory labor, commonly called '' prestacion personal," Is not put in
force or the cedula tax increased.
The municipality of Baliuag lias this year undertaken a relatively great work,
considering its resources. The river, which runs very near the center of the
town, threatens to sweep away the fine market building which this munici-
pality now possesses, and even to destroy the town. An immediate remedy was
necessary. Due to my efforts, the inhabitants proceeded to build dikes and
excavate part of the river, so as to make another channel and head the current
in another course. It is not certain that this will relieve the critical situation
of Baliuag, but up to the present time it has given at least favorable results.
This municipality, together with those of Santa Maria, Quingua, San Miguel,
I^olo, Calumpit, and others, would have erected municipal buildings, presi-
dencias, markets, schoolhouses, etc., were it not that the lands upon which such
» buildings must be erected were not registered in* accordance with the law in
force. The municipality of Bulacan began the construction of its municipal
building about the end*of the fiscal year.
At the request of the municipal council of San Miguel, seconded by the
provincial board of Bulacan, the insular government is now constructing a
road to Sibul. This work will redound to the benefit of the municii>ality of
San Miguel in particular and to the public in general, who will have an opi)or-
tunity to take advantage of the health-giving waters of its springs with the
comforts of a Journey that a good road offers.
RKCOM MENDATIONS.
General, — 1. In order that the municiiml police may be more thorough In the
performance of their duties, I suggest: First, that all the muncipal police of
a province constitute one body, the immediate chiefs of which are to be the
respective municipal presidents, but under the direction of the provincial gov-
ernor, who shall have the iwwer to transfer all the municipal police of one
municipality to another when he finds that the services of the said police are
unsatisfactory and Inefliclent in the municipality where they are; second, that
the police, especially the chiefs of iwllce api>olnted by the councils, keep out
of politics and, under r)enalty, take no part in any political campaign.
2. For the purpose of preventing the municipal funds of the municipalities
of small resources from being absorbed by the salaries of officers and em-
ployees, I suggest that section 4 of the Municipal Code be amended to the
effect that another class of municipalities be created inferior to the four
already established, with lower salaries than those provided for municipalities
of the fourth class.
3. In order to put *a complete stop to the piratical acts that commonly occur
at the mouths of all rivers entering the ocean, in all the coast municipalities,
not only of this province, but also of the adjoining provinces, I suggest that
the proper authorities be directed to patrol said places with coast-guard
cutters.
4. To put a stop to the frequent carabao thefts which may occasion a hin-
drance to agriculture and kill the cattle industry, it Is recommended.
(a) That act No. 1147 be enforced In Manila, the capital of the islands.
(6) That a law be enacted requiring, under penalty, transix>rtatlon com-
fianies to exact the presentation of the regular certificate of ownership in
cases of transportation of cattle.
(c) That section 34 of act No. 1147 be amended, designating a period after
which all large cattle over 2 years old which are not registered in accordance
with law be considered estrays and be sold at public auction in conformity
with the provisions of section 25 of said act No. 1147.
((f) That all persons who are In wrongful possession of stolen carabaos or
other animals be considered as accomplices, and that a penalty of not less
than two years* Imprisonment be provided for the principals of carabao thefts
and accomplices alike.
292 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Affriculture. — 1. That the teaching of theoretical and practical agriculture in
all of its branches be obligatory in all the government schools, from the inter-
mediate class up, and that expositions be had from time to time in order to en-
courage the inhabitants of these islands.
2. That study be given to the best manner to protect the growing crops, as
the knowledge of the owner is not suflScient for the proper cultivation of many
crops, such as palay, sugar cane, etc.
3. That the insular government recommend to the Government of the United
States the reform of the treaties of commerce with China and Japan, which are
the natural markets for sugar from the Philippines, and that the tariff on sugar
be reduced in order to facilitate the entry of this product to the said countries.
4. That the Nagdasig Canal in Hagonoy be opened and fresh water brought
from the Rio Grande de la Pampanga, so that the immense tracts of man-
groves in that municipality may be utilized for rice lands.
5. That a canal be oi)ened between Quingua and Bigaa for the irrigation of
Bigaa, Guiguinto, and Bulacan.
6. That a drainage canal be opened between San Miguel and Candaba, so
that the immense tract of very fertile land situated between San Miguel and
Candaba may be planted in rice.
7. That the reservoir for 'the irrigation of the Tx)lomboy estate, situate in •
the municipalities of Marilao and Meycauan, be enlarged.
8. That many small streams in the municipalities of ^an Miguel, Angat, and
Santa Maria be utilized for irrigation by the consti'uction -of dams, for only by
an irrigation system can a crop of rice be secured and an increase in the number
of crops be assured. There is not enough rice for local consumption at present.
9. That these expenditures be borne by the insular treasury, as this province
gives the insular government enormous collections in the form of intefnal
revenue.
Public health and mnitation, — For the purpose of remedying the excessive
mortality which occurs in the Philippines as compared with other countries,
and which has its origin in a lack of knowledge of public and private sanita-
tion, I recommend that a law be enacted providing that the presidents of the
municipal boards of health be obliged to make regular stated inspections of the
barrios comprising their respective municipalities, excepting on such days as
their services may be required elsewhere to attend sick persons who are unable
to go to the municipal board of health, and to give popular lectures at least once
a week, in order to spread the knowledge of sanitation.
Public instruction, — 1. I recommend that instruction be strictly obligatory up
to the age of 14 years, as It is in Germany.
2. That physical exercise constitute an essential part of education.
3. That a knowledge of polite manners and the inculcation of the civic virtues
also be made an essential imrt.of education.
4. That there be at least one kindergarten in each municipality for young
children.
Commerce. — ^1. For the promotion of commerce I recommend the dredging of
the rivers leading from Malolos to Calumplt and from Bulacan to Manila.
2. The construction and repair by the insular govemmeht of the roads which
connect Bulacan with the adjoining provinces. The want of provincial funds
will not allow the provincial government to undertake such works, and the good
to be derived from such Improvements is not for Bulacan alone.
3. A patrol of coast guard cutters for our coasts, with Instructions that they
enter the mouths of rivers for the security of the merchants and their n\erchan-
dlse carried by cascos, paraos, and large bancas.
4. The establishment of small banking and loan associations for short-time
loans to facilitate the operations of these merchants. ^
Public works, — The Inspection, rei>alr, and maintenance of roads, bridges, and
ferries of the province, the cost of which does not exceed 1^500. and which are
now under the charge of the provincial treasurer by virtue of act No. 1401. should
be transferred to the provincial board, which should have the power to appoint from
among its members one who shall be In charge thereof, because the provincial
treasurer, with his duties as financial chief and purchaser of material for public
works of the province generally has not the time to atteud to and insi>ect them.
I recommend, also, that the general foreman be under the direct orders of the
member intrusted therewith, as representative of the provincial board. This
BEPOETS OF PROVINCUL GOVERNORS. 298
recommendation is based on the fact that public opinion always holds the pro-
vincial governor, an elective oflftcer, responsible for the bad condition of the
roads, when the repair and maintenance of the same is not under his charge,*
but of the provincial treasurer.
Respectfully submitted.
T. Sai^diko,
Oovemor of the Province of Bulacan.
The (Jovernor-Oeneral.
Report of the Governor of Caoayan.
[Translation.!
Office of the Governor, Province of Gagatan,
Tagucgaraoy P, /., September 2, 1907.
Sib : I have the honor, in compliance with the provisions of act No. 1044, to
submit for your consideration the following annual report for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1907 :
political conditions.
The misfortunes that have befallen the inhabitants of this province, and as a
result the want of means to meet the necessities of life, might have caused the
people to become desperate and alter their peaceable and tranquil ways; but
su<jh was not the case. The people have again shown themselves to be strong
and resigned to their fate in the face of adversity, and have themselves sought
the means of bettering their condition, always conducting themselves as good
citizens, peaceable and orderly, and faithful In the performance of their duties.
During the recent electoral campaigns the candidates have, as always, been
noble in all their actions, and the voters have given further evidence that they
are making progress in the free exercise of suffrage, by electing, with entire
independence, competent persons.
Cattle stealing has decreased very much, thanks to the constant vigilance and
the wise measures adopted by the municipal presidents and to the active
cooperation of the constabulary and the municipal police. Notwithstanding all
these measures the cattle thieves, hard pressed by this active campaign on the
part of the authorities, as well as the cattle owners themselves, have on their
part, in order to escape prosecution by the authorities, adopted measures which
are perhaps the worst that they could have adopted, as they mean an irreparable
loss to the poor owners of the cattle. They slaughter the stolen cattle in unin-
habited places and sell the meat to their neighbors, whom they tell that it is
the meat of wild carabao. The hide they cut up and scatter, thus effacing all
traces which might give the authorities a clue for the detection of the crime.
administration and progress of the provincial government.
I have noted with great satisfaction that all the branches of the government of
this province are making progress, not only so far as their administration is
concerned, but also as to their interior organization and to the prompt dispatch
of their business, thanks to the initiative and activity of the officers in charge
of its several branches and to the enthusiastic cooperation of their subordinates.
Notwithstanding all the calamities that have befallen the province, the inhab-
itants thereof in the midst of their sad condition comply with their civic duties
and bear their share of the heavy burden of thQ state without protest, giving
their aid unselfishly and without compensation to everything which tends to the
public good, as the construction of schoolhouses, the transportation of material
for these buildings over large distances, and the construction and repair of
roads and bridges, and falthfuly obeying the municipal ordinances. When they
consider themselves Injured in their rights, they protest quietly and peaceably.
294 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
AOBICULTUBE.
In my last annual report I related the advancement which was being made
in the cultivation of the maguey plant, due to the initiative and cooperation of
the local authorities, and particularly of the farmers, who have responded with
energetic efforts. The experiments made have undoubtedly given good results,
and it is to. be expected that a few years hence the maguey will be one of the'
principal sources of wealth, especially jn the pueblos situated beyond Aparri,
which are Abulug, Sanchez MIra, and Claveria.
As a consequence of the distribution of Hawaiian maguey seeds among the
principal farmers, though in small quantities, of the good results of the experi-
ment, and of the small amount of work involved in the cultivation of the plant,
the enthusiasm for the same is becoming general among the farmers, es|)ecially
among the owners of large tracts of hilly and arid fand, which is well adapted
to its cultivation and development
A few farmers who tried to cultivate cocoanut trees last year are discour-
aged, in view of the bad results of the experiment. The plants, being already
developed, withered one after the other, without the farmers being able to tell
the cause. At all events, as already indicated in my last annual report, the
cultivation of this plant will not give the same results in this province that it
gives in La Laguna and in other provinces In the south of the archipelago, for
the reason that the nut has very little meat here, and therefore gives c6prei of
an inferior quality.
As to the cultivation of tobacco, there is much discouragement, due to the low
prices paid in the Manila markets and for several other reasons, which I shall
state In speaking of commerce.
The same Is the case with nipa, from the sap of which the nipa " vino *' is
made by fermentation and distillation. All the distilleries of the pueblos of
Buguey (Aparri), Abulug, and Pamplona have been closed on account of the
requirements of the Internal-revenue act apd of the high tax which this law
established for the proof liter.
COMMERCE.
I have just outlined the deplorable state of agriculture throughout this prov-
ince, and particularly that of tobacco, its principal source of wealth, which is
such that the great majority of the farmers are losing courage more and more.
As stated in my reiwrt for last year, this state of affairs is due to the following
causes :
1. The want of other markets for the products,' which makes an increase In
prices impossible.
2. The circumstance that there has not been even a reduction of the Dlngley
tariff duties on imported tobacco, which makes all comi)etitlon with the tobacco
of other countries impossible, and that the customs duties are very high.
3. The burdensome Internal-revenue taxes on manufactured tobacco.
For the reasons just stated the firms established In this province exclusively
engaged in the buying of tobacco, with the exception of the Compailia Tabaca-
, lera, will not buy large quantities of tobacco, but only what is strictly necessary
for their factories — El Oriente, La Germinal, La Insular, and others of less
Importance; and even then only certain classes of tobacco are accepted, nu-
merous other requirements being made, the ruinous consequences whereof all
fall upon the poor planter, who. Impelled by necessity and without other means
of realizing on his tobacco. Is obliged to submit to them.
We do not know how the ytooT tobacco growers would come out if it were not
for the Compafila Tabaqalera, which buys all the tobacco there Is, after a just
and fair classification, to cover obligations contracted with certain important
firms in Spain and other countries and for Its large factory at Manila.
As predicted In my reiwrt for last year, all the nipa distilleries in the munici-
palities of Abulug and Pamfilona and in Buguey, a district of Aparri, have
finally shut down, in view of the burden the internal-revenue act imiwsed on an
industry as new in this jjrovlnce as the manufacture of alcohol, and many prop-
erty owners have been plunged Into ruin and destitution, numerous laborers
are without mwins of supiiort, and large tracts of nipa land are in a state of
complete abandonment
ltfil»0RT8 OF PKOVINCIAIj governobs. 295
Taking advantage of this state of affairs, several residents of Aparri have
combined to gather a small capital and purchase a still required by the internal-
revenue act, and have now opened a distillery, which will end by monopolizing
the business unless other distilleries are established.
I again insist upon the great necessity of your honor using your Influence
with the Commission for the opening of a canal connecting the Linao with the
Abulug river, thereby giving commercial life to the municipalities of Sanchez
Mlra and Claveria by facilitating the transportation of the forest products, and
especially of rice, the price of which latter will doubtless fall if transportation
facilities are provided, with the result that less will be imported from Saigon
than at present.
FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE PROVINCE.
In speaking of agriculture, commerce, and the distilling industry I described
the sad condition of the inhabitants, which is aggravated by the fact that only
a small amount of tobacco has been harvested this year. Many farmers pre-
ferred to* plant maize, owing to the loss occasioned by the last Inundation.
This state of affairs necessarily had a direct influence on the financial condi-
tion of the municipalities, the revenues of which have suffered such a decrease
that if these conditions were to continue for some time it would be almost
impossible to maintain the municipal governments.
To provide against this contingency, I suggested to the provincial board a
reduction of the police In all the municipalities, as I considered their mainte-
nance very burdensome to the municipal treasuries. This recommendation was
acted upon. I also recommended to the municipal councils the reduction of the
personnel, which, with one or two exceptions, was acted upon by nearly all the
municipalities. I do not believe, however, that the problem of the maintenance
of the municipalities is solved unless a change occurs in the situation.
As to the financial condition of the province, there "has been a change for the
worse. However, due to the precautions taken during previous years, we will
continue to be able to defray our running expenses with comparative ease.
Nevertheless, as the annexed table shows, the financial condition of the munici-
pal treasuries and of the provincial treasury, especially that of the latter, leaves
much to be desired, if compared with previous years.
HIGHWAYS.
The means of communication consist of rivers and roads; but, as stated in
my reports for previous years, there is a difllculty in the fact that both are
available only during certain periods of the year. However, all possible efforts
are being made to have the river attended to, though nothing has been accom-
plished up to the present writing. The dredge sent to this province could not
be used. What Is needed here is a bucket dredge for the purpose of removing
the sand and mud obstructing the river in certain places, which make it impas-
sable for launches and barangayanes during the dry season.
As to work on the wagon roads, the municipal presidents are doing their best ;
but In practice they encounter numerous difficulties, the principal obstacle being
the inability to pay even for the food of the people employed, the payment of
wages being out of the question.
IMPROVEMENTS.
On relinquishing the government of this province I leave in course of con-
struction :
1. A provincial government building with masonry foundations, the estimated
cost of which (1^0,000) is covered by a portion of the money captured from the
insurgent troops by the American army and subsequently directed by the Com-
mission to be returned to the treasury of this province.
2. A school of arts and trades, the probable cost whereof (^15,000) will be
defrayed from the K0,000 intended exclusively for the construction of this
building and a dormitory, also donated by the Commission.
The work on the dormitory will be commenced as soon as the necessary
material has been secured. The lumber is to be furnished free of charge by
the municipal councils of Alcala and Baggao. A part of this lumber has already
arrived in the provincial capital.
296 BEPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
The enthusiasm of the youth of Ca^ayau for education continues. Every
year an increase is noticed in the number of children who attend the schools
established in all the munlcitmlities. The building in the capital which serves
as a provincial school is now too small, and plans are on foot for enlarging it.
The 8j\me is the case with the attendance at the Colegio de San Jacinto, estab-
lished* by the Dominican Order, which is increasing every year.
Another school, exclusively for girls, has lately been established in the capi-
tal. It is under the direction of the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres and has
already an attendance of over 100 girls, consisting of boarding and day pupils.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
Public health could not be more satisfactory. There is a good deal of malarial
fever, but this disease is practically endemic.
No contagious disease, such ns cholera and smallpox, has been recorded.
The average death rate was between 24 and 25 to the 1,000.
* DISEASE AMONG DOMESTIC ANIMALS.
There have been cases of gastro-intestinal diseases and pneumonia among the
labor cattle. These diseases wcur nearly every year during very dry weather,
but the cases are isolateil and of a mild character. They are mostly due to lack
of attention on the i)art of the owners.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
Before concluding, I agjiin insist ui>on the petitions which I submitted to your
honor when you came to this province, and which are as follows :
1. The su8i)ension of the land tax for another year.
I leave this to the discretion of the Commission, with the understanding,
however, that I withdraw it in the event of it being impossible to refund to the
province its probable income from this source during the year, or at least to
donate to the province a sum sufficient for the maintenance of the public in-
struction.
2. The extension for one year, or at least for six months, of the time for the
gratuitous cutting of _timber, which privilege the Commission so generously ex-
tended to the inhabitants.
The majority of the poor farmers, especially those who have suffered the
most from the consequences of the inundation, have not yet been able to take
advantage of this privilege, in view of the fact that they had to give preference
to the planting of maize and rice in order to ward off famine.
3. The remission of the fines imposed on persons who from ignorance, but not
from malice, violated the forestry act by cutting timber of a circumference
inferior to that established by said act.
4. That applicants for the free cutting of timber be allowed to cut timber
of such size as they may see fit, not exceeding 40 or 50 cubic feet, English
measure, which is sufficient for the construction of a house of medium size.
I make this recommendation on the ground that not all these poor people
have the means for hauling timber of large size from the mountain fastnesses
to the inhabited districts.
5. The suspension or reduction for a limited time of the tax on carts used
exclusively for the hauling of agricultural products.
In speaking of agriculture I have given a rough sketch of Its present
wretched state, and this is the ground on which I base this petition. The
ixx)r people should not be burdened with the cart tax, at least for some time,
as in the majority of cases the farmers pay more for this tax than for any of
the others.
0. That the cedula tax be collected from September to November of each
year, this l>elng the time when the planters sell their tobacco and are in a
position to pay the same. To continue collecting this tax during the months
now fixed by law Is to aggravate the situation of the i>oor tobacco gfower, who.
in order not to be<»ome delinquent, sells his tobacco without proi)erly preparhig
it and with advantage to the buyer.
7. The great nooesslty of passing a law establishing severe penalties for
(lersons convicted of stealing draft cattle.
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVEBKOBS.
297
BATANES ISLANDS.
Political conditions could not be more satisfactory in the Batanes Islands
than they are at present. The inhabitants continue to be peaceable and
orderly ; loyal and obedient to the authorities.
Economic conditions, however, are deplorable. The only source of revenue
consists in the sale of an insignificant number of cattle and swine, which
hardly find a market, dqe to the great expense of chartering a steamer to take
them to Manila or Aparri.
The government, always open to Just and fair suggestions, finally determined
to send to the islands several thousand maguey plants and a large quantity
of seeds of various kinds of vegetables and garden truck. These seeds are to
be distributed among the islanders. I believe they will be better off than at
present if they take to planting maguey, onions, and potatoeet, whose cultivation
requires but little effort and which bring good returns.
Respectfully submitted.
P. GuzftAN,
Laic Oovemor of the Province of Cagayan,
The Govebnob-Genebal.
Financial condition of the province of Cagayan.
Pesos.
Pfs.
Balance June 30, 1006:
Road and bridge fund _ ___
»,ei8.46
20.463.00
General fund __ _ .—
1,763.88
Total _„
Receipts flflcal year 1907 ....
30.082.06
56.308.29
1,763.38
Total - __.
Dlaburflements fiscal year 1007
86,300.85
66,734.21
1,763.38
1,763.38
Balance June SO. 1907
19,656.14
Balance road and bridge iund June 30, 1907...
12,880.76
6,775.38
19,656.14
Balance general fund June 80, 1907 _.
Total -. -
Report of the Provincial Governor or Capiz.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Capiz,
Capiz, P. /., July i. 1907.
Sib : In compliance with the provisions of act No. 1044 of the Philippine Com-
mission, I have the honor to forward my annual report for the fiscal year end-
ed June 30, 1907.
agbicultube.
The agriculture of this province, which suflTered through the past revolution
and on account of the high mortality among men and animals during the pre-
ceding years, is recovering step by step through the individual efforts of the
farmers. Work animals are multiplying from year to year, herds of carabaos
being brought here by dealers from other provinces engaged in stock raising.
Some of the planters have begun to make experiments with rotary disk plows,
with satisfactory results.
The crop of rice harvested in the months of September, October, and Novem-
ber of 1006 was good in the coast towns, while in the interior towns some losses
were suffered on account of the locusts and worms which appeared in various
municipalities of the southern part of this province and because in these same
municipalities the rain was somewhat late and not abundant. As a result the
rice plants were rather undeveloi)ed. Orders were issued for the extermination
of the locusts.
298 REPORT OF THE PHILII>PiKE COMMISSI^l^.
During the months of May and June of the present year very few farmers
planted rice on irrigation lands because the rains for the present year were
late. On the dry lands the rice has already been planted, but the prospects
are not very good, on account of the lateness and scarcity of the rains and be-
cause in various places the crops have already suffered from* the ravages of
locusts, despite the efforts made to exterminate them.
Although the farmers wish to enlarge their plantations of cocoanuts, maguey,
ilang-ilang, etc., as recommended by me during my visits to the municipalities,
they are hindered both by lack of funds and laborers.' As regards the maguey
plant, the seed of which is becoming scarce, several farmers have already writ-
ten the provincial government stating their desire to get seed from the bureau
of agriculture through this office. They have offered to pay the cost of the
seed. In parts of Cflpiz I have noticed lands newly planted to cocoanuts, and
some small tracts of maguey.
The crop of cocoanuts is increasing yearly and the old plantations that were
damaged by the drought are slowly recovering. Copra demands a good price
in the mafkets of the islands.
Hemp plantations are also being enlarged, but labor is scarce. For this rea-
son hemp-stripping machines are necessary, the price of which must be within
the reach of the farmer of average means.
Sugar cane is extensively cultivated, but planters are completely disheart-
ened by low prices.
The desire to build up agriculture is not weakening, but, as said before, lack
of labor and funds hold the farmers back.
This year rice did not have to be imported from Manila, as used to be the
case. On the contrary, the province exported some to the provinces of Rom-
blon, Masbate, Hollo, and adjacent islands for a very considerable time.
If the establishment of an agricultural bank becomes a reality there is no
doubt that agriculture will very readily rise from its present depressed condi-
tion.
COMMERCE.
The mercantile transactions for this fiscal year show an increase of exports
over imports, the province being thereby benefited. This small increase has
comi)ensated to some degree the inequality existing between exportation and
importation during the preceding years, which reduced the circulation of money.
From the data furnished by the merchants of the port of C&piz it appears
that there were exported to Iloilo, Romblon, Masbate, Calibo, and other adja-
cent islands 11,472 cavans of palay, 19,703 cavans of rice, 3,477 cakes of sugar,
915,300 sacks, 21,764,879 translucent window shells, 875 piculs of copra, and some
other articles of small importance. The prices quoted In the markets are as
follows: Palay, ^2.90 per cavan; rice, P6.30 per cavan; sacks, f^.60 per hun-
dred; sugar, 9ii per 100 cakes; window shells (no demand), ^.25 per 1,000;
copra, ^10.25 per picul, and hemp, W8 per picul.
The municipal president of Calibo, Mr. Cirilo I^acerna, has submitted the
following data concerning the i:;ommerce of said municipality during the pres-
ent fiscal year :<>
ECONOMIC CONDITION.
The economic condition Is gradually Improving, compared with former years.
Formerly rice was imi>orted from Manila at high prices, and a large part of
the inhabitants were obliged to subsist on vegetables. This year there was an
Increase in the production of rice, and almost one-fourth of the crop was exported
to the neighboring provinces. In consequence of this increase the majority of
the inhabitants were enabled to provide themselves with other articles of neces-
sity, and the public treasury has now sufiiclent funds to meet current expenses.
Crops this year have increased a little; but It can not be said that there has
been much money In circulation,, as the supply did not exceed the requlrenients
of the people. Hence It Is not easy to obtain money save at high rates of in-
terest, generally 25 per cent.
PUBLIC INSTBIXTION.
The fiscal year Just ended Is remarkable for the progress made In education
in this division, which has been the greatest in its history. Every branch of
teaching has flourlshetl, and In general the results have been satisfactory.
•Omitted and on file In the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
BEPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 299
The progress made in the methods and courses of instruction has been very
marked. Teachers and pupils work together. The attitude of the people has
at all times been very favorable, and the cooperation of the municipal and
provincial officials has been a source of inestimable assistance.
By a permanent appropriation made for the high school out of provincial
funds the sum of ^45,000 is available for future exi)enses.
There is an appropriation of ^20,000 available for the work of convertinjr
the provincial, jail into a high school. When finished this building will be one
of the beet schools in the Philippine Islands.
Great progress has also been made in the repair and construction of municipal
school buildings. The steady increase of municipal revenues insures the con-
tinuance of this work.
The division superintendent of schools is preparing a plan for the spread of
industrial and agricultural training. This will be introduced in all the munici-
palities as soon as the conditions as to teachers and equipment will permit.
The success of the industrial school of Cdpiz is most gratifying and remark-
able.
The cooperation of the people and the public officers, the zeal and success
of the teachers and pupils, the large sum of money available for provincial
schools, the rapid increase of municipal revenues, the agricultural and indus-
trial progress of the province, all constitute powerful elements which contribute
to make the province of G&pis one of the best of the Philippine Islands.
The following table will show the comparative development in education in
this province : «
INDUSTRY.
There are two rice-hulling machines in the province. All the other indus-
tries, the principal of which are the weaving of sacks, niims, sinamay, hats,
and the hulling and cleaning of rice, are carried on by hand.
The municipalities manufacturing sacks are: Cdpiz, Ivisan, Panay, Pon-
tevedra. and Calibo; this work is generally done by the women in their homes.
Many of these sacks are used ^or packing sugar and rice ; however, on account
of bad workmanship the sacks from CApiz depreciated in price in former years
in the market of Hollo, the place where there is the most demand for them for
packing sugar. During the present year the demand was larger, due to an
improvement in quality, and, perhaps, also because the production of sugar in
the province of Iloilo and in the island of Xegros has considerably increased.
The manufacture of nipa roofs and ceilings for houses is the same as in
former years, neither the demand nor the price having changed.
The manufacture of sinamay, jusi, and pifla, was at one time among the prin-
cipal industries of the province, particularly in the western municipalities; but
the demand in the Manila market has now decreased very much, with a con-
sequent decline In price.
The weaving of hats Is an Industry to which women devote themselves In their
homes during their leisure hours, the returns from which help them considerably
to defray their expenses.
FACTORIES.
The distilleries have been closed since the enactment of the internal-revenue
law, except that of Ayala y Compufila. The closing of the small distilleries has
affected many of the owners of nipa groves. The great distance of many of thorn
from the one distillery In operation has made them practically nonproductive;
and as a result owners of nipa groves find them a burden rather than a benefit,
for they must pay the land tax. The government, In response to numerous peti-
tions received from proi)erty owners, and because of a desire to remedy their con-
dition, sent an internal-revenue agent to this province with an offer from the
government to establish a distillery if the petitioners would agree to furnish a
certain quantity of tuba at 1 cent for each three liters. This proposition was
rejected, not because the price was too low, but because the proposition made by
the government was not feasible.
The government should not abandon this question imtll a solution is reached
protecting the Interests of the nipa growers.
* Omitted and oa file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
300 BEPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
NATURAL BESOUBCEB.
The forests are still unexploited for want of transportation, and the same
may be said as to mineral resources.
NONCHBISTIAN TRIBES.
The non-Christian tribes live in the mountain ranges separating the prov-
inces of Iloilo and Antique from the municipalities of Tap&s, Jamfndan, Libacao,
Malinao, and Ibajay. They live in small settlements.
During my visit of inspection to Ibajay I went to the mountains where these
people dwell to endeavor to persuade them to live in a civilized manner, and I
found that they are willing to live in settlements or barrios on condition that
they be not molested.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
In general, peace reigns throughout the province. In the municipality of
Tapfis, however, there were some attacks by brigands and thefts of carabaos dur-
ing the months of February, March, and April of the present year, and in No-
vember last year after the constabulary detachment was removed ; but now that
the detachment has returned peace has been restored.
The government officials have worked with perfect accord, each confining
himself to his own sphere of action.
There have been rumors of robberies having accurred in the municipalities
of Iloilo, bordering on the eastern part of Cfipis province; and I have induced
the authorities to station detachments of constabulary in the barrios of the
municipalities situated in the mountain ranges separating the provinces of
Cftpiz and Iloilo for the purpose of preventing the carabaos stolen ih one
province from being taken to the other.
The municipal police, as a result of an arrangement between Inspector New-
man and myself, and with the approval of the constabulary commander at
Iloilo, have been proi>erly armed.
There has been no friction between the religious sects of this province.
During the fiscal year 66 criminal cases were tried in the court of first
instance of Ciipiz, 12 dismissed, 41 disposed of, and 50 are still pending; 25 civil
actions were begun, 17 dismissed, 39 disposed of, and 55 are still pending.
Municipal elections were held on December 4, 1906, in all the municipalities.
The elections were orderly except in the municipality of Mambusao, where it
had to be porftiwned on account of disturbances. An Investigation wns made of
the reasons for the suspension, and the provincial board ordered a special elec-
tion for said municipality, setting the time, and sent all the papers referring to
the disturbances to the provincial fiscal for such action as justice might require.
The municipal elections of the province, with the exception of Pontevedra
and Dumalag, which were protested, have been approved by the provincial
board. No election w^as held In Mambusao.
However, special elections for the municipalities of Mambusao, Dumalag, and
Pontevedra were held at the end of January and the beginning of February.
Ijater they were protested, and th^ provincial board being in doubt as to
whether it had the power to hear election matters concerning elections held
subsequent to January 15. 1907, the election law^, act No. 1582, which repeals
that part of the municipal code relating to elections, still being In force, ad-
dressed a telegram to the executive secretary inquiring as to their power; the
executive secretary replied that all munlcliml elections held subsequent to
January 15, 1907, were null and void.
However, In the middle of last June the board received a copy of act No. 1645,
and the elections having been protested, the provincial board decided to com-
municate with those Interested In the protests for the puriwse of ascertaining
whether they persisted therein, so that the board might take the proper action.
PUBLIC HEALTH.
The sanitary condition has been very satisfactory, and a great difference is
noticed between the births and the deaths for this fiscal year and those of pre-
vious years.
The total number of births during the present fiscal year li> all the munici-
jmllties is estimated at 9,567, giving an average of 42.50 per 1,000. The number
of deaths is very much less than for previous years, and no epidemics of infec-
BBPORTS OF PROVINCIAL. GOVERNORS. 801
tions diseases have appeared. Public health has been in a very favorable condi-
tion. It is estimated that there were only 2,738 deaths, or an average of 12.40
per 1,000 ; in consequence the increase in the population was 30.30 per 1,000.
As a result of the vaccinations made by the health authorities, smallpox did
not cause the ravages that it* did in the years 1901 and 1902, when epidemic
diseases prevailed and when there were as high as 50 deaths per day.
FINANCIAL CONDITION.
The finances of the province have never been better than at the present time,
notwithstanding the suspension of the land tax for the years 1906 and 1007,
and the comparatively small amounts received as reimbursements under the
acts Nos. 1455 and 1579. Owing to a failure to collect more than a fraction of
the taxes due in 1905 upon which these payments were based by the insular
government, the province suffered a very considerable financial loss.
The total collections were, fer the general fund, ^€6,022.39 ; the total expendi-
tures, ^60,731.18; the total revenue accruing to the general fund amounted to
W6,113.86, and the expenditures P64,444.96. The expenditures have increased
^713.78 over those of last year, due to the expense of a provincial jail guard,
formerly provided by the constabulary; the payment of the salary of the
sanitary inspector; the payment of «.,500, accrued leave, to Mr. F. S. Chap-
man, former provincial treasurer; the establislunent and equipment of the
district auditor's ofllce, including one clerk at W,800 per annum; a more
liberal allowance for school purposes, and the payment of K2,000 of the prov-
ince's debt, as provided by act No. 1622. Some extraordinary exfjense was
necessarily incurred in equipping the office of the provincial treasurer with
suitable furniture, and in placing accounts on a strict business basis. The
balance in the general fund at the end of last year was P3,701.29 ; this year it is
«,661.40.
By act No. 1622 the debt of the province, amounting to ^^5,000, was can-
celed, provided a like amount be paid by the province into a special provincial
fund, in easy installments. The installment of ^16,000, corresponding to the
year 1907, was promptly paid, and it was later necessary to pay an additional
sum of W,000 in order to insure the immediate construction of a high school
building. This last payment of ^6,000 is part of the installment due in 1908,
only ^2,000 of which remains to be paid next year.
The Bureau of Education donated the sum of ^8,000 from funds provided
by act No. 1275, to be used in constructing school buildings. This amount is now
in the provincial treasury.
Special attention is invited to the accompanying statement of receipts and
expenditures affecting the general, road, and bridge funds.
The non-Christian inhabitants' fund amounts to ?1,135.97; school buildings
fund, act No. 1275, to f^OOO, and special provincial school fund, act No. 1622,
to 1»^,000.
With f«,661.40 balance in the general fund; ?4,000 delinquent land tax
which will accrue to general fund and about M,500 in delinquent cedulas, col-
lectible; the land tax for 1908 under new assessment; ^20,000 in cedulas cor-
responding to the fiscal year, and the internal revenue refund amounting to
more than ^20,000, the financial prosjiect for the ensuing year Is bright. The
expenditures, by proper economy, should not exceed ^40,000 for all ordinary
running expenses, and allowing a margin of ^^4,000 for extraordinary and un-
foreseen expenses. The installment due the school fund by act No. 1622 for
1908, amounting to M,000, has been reduced by one payment of f^,000, there
remaining only P2,000 to be paid during this fiscal year.
This disbursement of W0,000 for a new provincial jail ; ?20,000 for the high
school building ; W7,000 for the new bridge over the Panay River, and the con-
struction of the railroad from C&plz to Hollo, will have a stimulating effect
upon the financial condition of the province by placing money in circulation, and
will furnish work to hundreds of poor people who are now without remunera-
tive employment.
FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE MUNICIPALmES.
%
The financial condition of the towns is good. The increase in the collection
of the cedula and land taxes have contributed to the finances of municipalities,
as has, also, the refund of internal revenue, and the collection of every availa-
ble cent of municipal imposts.
302 REPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION,
The following table will give some idea of the condition of each municipality.®
This is all that I have the honor to forward for your consideration.
Respectfully submitted.
Antonio Habana,
Governor of the Province of Cdfiis^
The Govebnob-Genebal.
Repobt of the CJovebnob of Cavite.
[Translation.]
Office of the Govebnob, Pbovince of Cavite,
Cavite, P, /., Beptemher 6, 1907.
Sib: In compliance with the provisions of act •No. 1044, I have the honor to
submit to your consideration the following annual report for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1907.
The short time that I have been at the head of the provincial government of
Cavite might not i)ermit me, perhaps, as desired, to make a finished and com-
plete report of the conditions of the province ; however, I will attempt to detail,
so far as may be possible, everything concerning the fiscal year just past.
agbicultube.
Rice on a grand scale and sugar are produced on the lands of the friar estates,
now the property of the insular government Hemp, cocoanut, coflPee, and cacao
plantations are general throughout the pueblos of the southern part of the
province. In addition to these plantations nearly all the residents plant, in
their respective lots during the rainy season, yams, peanuts, com, and all kinds
of vegetables, and after the harvesting of the pa lay some agriculturists plant
garden truck such as melons, tomatoes, etc.
The planting of mango, Santol, Dujat, Atls, and other fruit trees is another
occupation to which the agriculturists give due attention, although It is neces-
sary to wait from five to ten years to reap benefits from these trees.
The crops of all these plantations produced during the last months are esti-
mated at 50 i)er cent above those of the preceding year. However, it is feared
that the crops will be reduced this year, in view of the death of many draft
animals attacked by rinderpest, despite the eflForts of the special agent of the
bureau of agriculture assigned to this province to prevent the spread of said
disease and to suppress it.
Notwithstanding these calamities, owing to the activity displayed in the
planting of hemp and cocoanuts by thfe agriculturists and owners of lands of
the southern municipalities, it may be stated that within some five years the
I>rovInce of Cavite, in all probability, will resume Its original condition of pros-
perity, especially if the railroad should pass through these municipalities,
which Is the greatest desire of the inhabitants, so that their products may be
easily transported to Manila and there sold without the enormous expense now
attendant, because, having no other means of communication, they have to
adapt themselves to circumstances and transport their products by means of
carts drawn by carabaos, which, besides being very costly, consumes much time
In the Journey to Manila, that is not made without encountering many obstacles.
Since the Commission has not decreed that the railroad shall pass through
the southern pueblos, I desire resT»ec*tfully to recoumiend that the Hue to Nalc
be extended to the pueblos of Alfonso, Mendes-Nufiez, Indan, Sllang, Dasmarlfias
and Imus; since great benefit can be assured not only to the pueblos but to the
railroad enterprise also.
commebce.
There is no large commercial house In the province. There are some mer?
chants doing business on a small scale, selling European. American, and
(^hlnese goods, brought from Manila. #
The owners of the hemp lands generally transiK)rt their own products to
Manila in order to sell them to foreign houses.
o Omitted and on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Deimrtment
REPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOYBBNOBS. 808
ECONOMIC CONDITION.
The Ticisaitudes suffered in former years by the majority of the municipali-
ties have caused the inhabitants the entire loss of their improvements and
capital.
Nothing can be said in favor of the present economic condition, except that in
about three years it is believed the agriculturists and landowners will succeed
to some extent in recuperating their losses, owing to the activity they display
in agriculture in view of the tranquillity which has been enjoyed for the past
year and a half.
The only difficulty the landowners and the agriculturists have to contend with
is the lack of a sufficient number of draft animals which, on account of their
excessive price, very few of the inhabitants can acquire; however, efforts are
being made by the agriculturists, who arp attempting to restore the lost im-
provements of their lands and are not losing any opportunity of securing fair
returns for their products.
FINANCE.
According to the financial statement of June 30, 1907, there is a balance on
hand, after deducting the needs of the province, of ^23,923.50, general fund, as
compared with W7,574.46, on hand July 1, 1906, an excess of ^5,347.04, arising
ft*om the increase in the cedula collections, from some delinquents in the pay-
ment of the land tax during the past years and from certain refunds.
It will therefore be seen that the income of the province has moderately in-
creaseii, taking into account the 50 per cent reduction due to act No. 1455 and to
act No. 1579.
As regards the road and bridge fund, during the fiscal year ^5,738.36 were
expended in the construction of several culverts in the general highways and in
the repair of the latter and of some bridges; this sum makes up the difference
between ?14,914.50, the balance on hand July 1, 1906, and ^9,176.14, the balance
on hand June 30, 1907.
For a better understanding a copy of the account current furnished by the
provincial treasurer is hereto attached.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
The children of both sexes dally attend the public primary schools with great
avidity and according to data furnished by the division superintendent of
schools the number of pupils was double that for the year 1906, apart from
those who are attending private schools.
On my visit of insijection to all the municipalities I noticed with satisfaction
the comportment and assiduity of the American and Filipino teachers, who have
at all times won the friendship and sympathy of their pupils, a successful way
of securing from the latter application to their studies and constant and punc-
tual attendance.
There are also in this province intermediate schools, an agricultural school,
and a high school. In these centers of Instruction the attendance of the stu-
dents is admirable, particularly those studying agriculture and Industry;
therefore I hope to sec before long the fruit of their work, the interest which
their professors take crowned with success, and the inhabitants of the province
possess a wider sphere wherein they can choose their means of livelihood.
Treating of the high school of this capital of Cavlte, the provincial board has
very properly resolved to cede the building which was destined for the resi-
dence of the provincial governor, and thus the province will have a permanent
building for the purposes of a college, with all the required conditions, and
from which the inhabitants of this same province of Cavite will secure great
benefits.
INDUSTRY.
In the port of Cavite there are two marine railways, a large one situated
at Canacao and a small one at Calle Marino, San Roque. In the two estab-
lishments there are employed daily from 500 to 800 laborers.
Fisheries and the catching of flsh by means of fish corrals and nets are also
industries which give a livelihofKi to the residents of Cavite- Viejo, Bacoor, and
especially to those of the municipalities of Ja\ Carldad, Hosarlo, Santa Cruz,
Nalc, and Temate, the yearly returns being estimated at n50,000.
804 BEPOBT OP THE PHIL.IPPINB COMMISSION.
FACT0BIE8.
There is an electric light plant, the property of Antonio Osorlo, which far-
nishes the lighting to the public as well as to private subscribers.
Manufacturing has not yet attained great importance in Cavite, owing per-
haps to the defective apparatus which the natives use; though in several
pueblos the women weave sinamay from textiles of fine hemp by means of an
apparatus called habihan, which is made by the natives out of wood and cane.
NATURAL BESOVBCES.
Porestal. — ^The utilization of shrubs secured in the mountains of Maragondon,
Temate, and Dasmarifias for firewood is one of the means of livelihood of the
residents of these municipalities; they also use small trees for posts for
houses of light materials.
Stone which equals and perhaps surpasses in durability and solidity that of
Meycauayan, province of Bulacan, and of Guadalupe, province of Rizal, is
found along the banks of the Maragondon River, but the product is unimportant
because no one has engaged in quarrying for the purpose of sale in Manila and
other distant municipalities, and in consequence its exploitation is limited to
the use of the residents of the municipality of Maragondon.
Mine8. — Up to the present time it is not known officially that there are any
mines in the province. I have private information of gypsum mines in the
mountains of Magallanes and of gold mines at Mendes-Nufiiez, but the mines
are on the lands of Sefior Marcelino Aure, the ex-municipal president thereof.
NONCHBISTIAN TRIBES.
There are none in the province.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
The general sentiment is nationalistic; not with the hostile idea of securing
the independence of the country, but the people rest their hopes in the nobility
of the Government of the great American nation and in the promises made in
various speeches by the noble sons of that nation, and trust that the long
wished for aspiration of the Filipino people will be Justly heeded.
The majority, in fact nearly all, of the enlightened and. influential men of
the province have counseled the i>€ople that to arrive at this end it is necessary
for them to secure education, activity in agriculture and confidence in the
present Government that rules the islands and makes manifest the greatness of
the American i>eople as demonstrated to the Filipino people by the liberties
tolerated and granted to them.
The addresses and speeches made to the people by said leading men have for
their object the taking advantage by the people of the opiK)rtunities cheerfully
ofTered by the government, especially in education as the principal base to ob-
tain a place in the concert of nations, and particularly with the people who now
have the direction of the destinies of the country.
On various occasions I have had an opportunity to appreciate the confidence
which the people of Cavite have in the constituted government; for always
when the supix>sed war with Japan is spoken of, many have signified their
intention of placing themselves at the orders of the Government and on its side,
with the object of proving their sympathy and gratefulness for those liberties
given to the people by a conquering nation which did not desire to take ad-
vantage of the weakness of the conquered ; on the contrary, the conquering na-
tion is tolerant and Is procuring the education and advancement of the con-
quered i)eople In order to grant them equal liberty to that which is enjoyed by
the sons of the victorious nation.
It can not be denied that there are resentments in the province, but they are
purely personal; for it has been observed that all respond in unanimity and
accord whenever the liberty of the Philippines is discussed, that it must be
obtained by pacific measures in such form as may constitute a stable Govern-
ment for the general welfare and progress of the country.
The past elections corroborate this assertion, for although prior to the hold-
ing of the same there were certain campaign managers with their respective
groups of electors who favored one or the other candidate, after said elections
were held, these groups of electors and the campaign managers of both candi-
dates again became friends and together showed the victorious candidate the
consideration which he merited. Don't let it be said that the provincial gov*
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS.
305
cmment because of such or such a t>arty were induced to investigate certain
municipal officials. Tlie facts show that the people desire the enforcement of
the laws and do not permit irregularities by guilty municipal officers, feeling
themselves obliged to denounce them for the purpose of having them corrected,
from which may be deduced the sincere intention of the people to see that the
laws promulgated are duly complied with.
PUBUC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
In the year 1906 the deaths throughout the province numbered 4,490 and the
births 5.112.
From July to September, 1906, there were 2C>4 cases and 164 deaths from
cholera. This epidemic, which may be called the reapi)earance of cholera in
this province, was combated by the entire i>ersonnel of the municipal board of
health, under the sole direction of the district health officer of the fourth dis-
trict, Sefior Mariano Fellzardo.
During the fiscal year 1{K)7 there were no cases of smalliwx in Cavlte.
It will be seen, therefore, si)eaklng in general terms, that the public health of
this province has notably Improved, no other diseases than those indicated hav-
ing appeared.
Respectfully submitted.
IjEonardo Osorio,
Oovcrnor of the Province of Cavite.
The Governor-General.
Statement of provhicial and mnuicijKil funds, province of OnitCf fittral yetir ended June
SO, 1W7.
rruvincial funds.
General.
Balance on hand July 1,
1906 n7,574.16
Receipts:
Registry of property .... 286. 50
Cart tax
Landtax 1,036.W
Fisheries ;
Ownership and trans-
fer of cattle
Rents, profits, etc '
Licenses
Fines \
Bales cstray animals. . .
Cemetery '
Cedula col lections | 18.402.50
License collections. . . . ■
Opium certificates '
Internal-revenue re-
fund
From Insular govern-
ment act No. 1579....
From Insular govern-
ment act No. 14.')6
Fees clerk of court
Road and
bridge.
1-14, 014. .V)
Sales of supplies to
• • "itie
5,961.62
0,117.33
12,234.66
294.40
Congre.«*sional re-
lief fund.*).
Roads. Schools.
Act 1478.
Municipal m_,.|
funds, j Total.
r335. 53 r930. 39 r 12, 493. 28 r46, 248. 16
14.42.
518. 70 .
I
14. 48
2,073.87
l,frl7.61
2,586.00
:i5,317.84
IS, 441. 95
6.427.93
M5. 15,
116.51
18,402.50
6,801.46
585.00
' I 18,W6.4:
I ' !
3 , 05S . 68 ' 1 2 , 390. 8 1
1,1
6, 117. 36 ' I ' 2 1 , 781. f^
2,966.18
l,3S8.64l
8.60.
municipalities.
Various and refunds . . ■
Bond premium '
Exchange
Transfer from road I
and bridge fund ,1-4,781.47
Total receipts " 66.l8i.fi8' 24.6'j:5.rrf) 33r).53
719.9X
Expenditures:
Disbursements 42. 5.'>8. 4H
Payments to munici- ;
palities
Transfer to act No. 1478 1 |
fund I
33:>. M
yao.39 4. 781. 4;
930.39 4,781.4';
ir.i.jj'j. i:)|
L'.VS,
286.50
28.85
629.41
647.61
586.00
317.84
441.95
427.93
M5. 15
11 6. .51
, 805. 00
,801.46
5vS5.00
,998.01
, 566. 85
. 1 «. 70
L'91.40
.966.18
, 138. 62
22.5.25
3.60
.781.47
575. 48
4,7M1.47 ,
58,
I 127,018,:'.! 127
I ' -1
021.50
018.31
781.47
Total expenditures.
Balance on hand . . .
42,558.48 14,197.10
3a5.53
930.39
4,781.47, 127,01.s.lU
iKy.Hji.28
23 923 50 10 4'>6 5(>
' 31,404.14
68,754.20
1
11024— WAR 1907— vol 7-
-20
306 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Repobt or THE Governor of I locos Norte.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Ilocos Norte,
Laoag, P. /.. July 8, 1907,
Sir: I have the honor, in compliance with act No. 1044 of the Philippine
Commission, to submit the following report on the general conditions of the
province of Ilocos Norte, Philippine Islands, for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1907:
PUBLIC ORDER, PEACE, AND TRANQUILLITY.
During the year good order, peace, and tranquillity have reigned supreme.
The inhabitants are peaceable by nature, and good understanding and harmo-
nious relations have existed between them and the government. The liberal
principles, policy, and proceeding of the latter have been well received by every-
body, there having been no demonstration, material proof, or act of any kind to
show the contrary. Though it is true that there have been a few i)etitlons,
emanating from municipal councils, from the convention of presidents, or from
the inhabitants, for amendments of laws or for their suspension, they have been
made within the law and have been rather the use of one of the ix)lltical rights
of the people mentioned in the Philippine bill than an Indication of disobedience
or lack of submission to the laws enacted by the constituted government or to
the authorities.
This state of order, peace, and tranquillity is partly due to the solicitude and
sseal of the provincial government, which informed the people, by means of
lectures in the municipalities and the rural barrios, of the good principles and
liberal spirit which inspire our present government; to the ever-increasing
efficiency of the guardians of the public order, the municipal police and con-
stabulary, and to the zeal and tact of all the other public officers of the province
and the municipalities.
PUBLIC MORALITY.
There has been a decrease in the number of crimes and misdemeanors com-
mitted within the boundaries of this province, and In the number of civil suits
In the munlclijalltles, which were entered In former times rather because it
was the fashion, than as a result of usurpations or deprivations of rights.
MUNICIPAL POLICE AND CONSTABULARY.
The aggregate strength of the municipal police In the several munlclimlltles
of Ilocos Norte Is 171, which number was deemed sufficient by the provincial
board when it adopted its resolution of January 22, 1007, in accordance with
section 2 of act No. 7S1.
The strength of the constabulary is sufficient for the requirements of the
public order and tranquillity of this province.
There are three constabulary posts In Ilocos Norte; one at Laoag, the capital
of the province, another at Bangui, and another at Dlngras. There Is a fourth
post at Badoc, at the south end of the province; but the soldiers stationed
there belong to the constabulary of Ilocos Sur.
As we have already stated, both the organizations mentioned have rendered
good service. On recommendation of the provincial government, the senior In-
spector of the constabulary of this province has established provincial iK>sts,
consisting each of a few soldiers, at the settlements of Padsan and Dumalneg.
for the protection of the inhabitants and of the Christian settlers in their vicin-
ity, because the Ai>ayao,a hill tribe inhabiting the central range of niountalnK
between Cagayan and this province, have extended their raids to the vicinity.
They killed an Inhabitant of the settlement of Padsan, one of that of Dumalneg,
and five Christians who were engaged in agricultural labors in the fields in
the eastern r>ortlon of the municipality of Dlngras, near the settlement of
Padsan. These murders occurred last year, except that of an Inhabitant of the
settlement of Dumalneg, which hapi)ened at the beginning of the present cal-
endar year.
BEPORTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 307
Since the establishment of the provisional posts at Padsan and Cabaritan, near
Dunialneg, there has not been a recurrence of such raids.
The relations existing between the constabulary and the people of this province
are good, likewise those between the constabulary officers and the provincial
officers.
PUBLIC WORKS, ROADS, BRIDGES, AND OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS.
The excessive rainfall during the first half of the year has, as was to be ex-
pected, done considerable damage to the provincial roads and bridges. The
provincial government has therefore given 8[)ecial attention, during the latter
half of said year, to their reiiair as well as to the opening or reconstruction
of provincial roads, which were for many years almost impassable, even for
horsemen.
When I made my visit of inspection to the municipalities last December, I
Rpoke to the inhabitants of the necessity of putting the provincial roads in order,
liecanse without them, or with them in the condition In which they were, it was
not possible to look forward to any progress in agriculture and commerce, the
roads being indispensable factors for the sale and exportation of their products
which, if left at the place of production, would not bring any gain to the agricul-
turists, the result being that the latter, and with them the entire pueblo, would
be plunged into the most deplorable distress, and there w^ould be a decadence in
all the branches of life. The people, who realize the great evils resulting from
bad roads and who, on the other hand, were grateful to the government for the
provisional suspension of the land tax, offered to aid the provincial government,
which had relatively little money for roads, in the repair of roads and bridges.
In this manner, the provincial roads and bridges have been attended to as
follows :
In the municipality of Badoc, approximately G miles.
In the municipalities of Paoay, Batac, and I^aoag, approximately 7 miles.
In the municipality of Piddig, approximately 6 miles; also repair of a stone
.bridge and construction of wooden bridges.
In the municipality of Dingras, approximately 18 miles, and construction of 5
wooden bridges.
In the pueblo of "Banna, consolidated with Batac, approximately 4 miles, and
construction of 4 wooden bridge&
In the municipality of Bacarra, approximately 6 miles.
In the municipality of Pasuquin, approximately 15 miles.
In the municipality of Bangui, approximately 20 miles.
It must be stated that the work performed on the road last mentioned was
such as to show true love of the public good, because not only is this road hilly,
but a great part of It had, for the last ten years, been In such a condition that it
seemed impossible to repair It without s[)endlng large sums of money. It had
become a mass of underbrush, stones, and gullies, and before its reconstruction
it Was necessary to dismount at several places. Thanks, however, to the good
will of the inhabitants of the puchio and to the tact of the municipal officers
thereof, who themselves aided In the work, the road was put In such good condi-
tion that on my tour of inspection last May, it was already perfectly passable for
vehicles.
The same holds good of the provincial roads from Piddig to Dingras, from
Dingras to Solsona, a pueblo consolidated with Dingras, and from Dingras to
Banna, a pueblo consolidated with the municipality of Batac.
Several wooden bridges and culverts have also been constructed on the
Bangui road.
Aside from this kind of work on the roads, bridges, and culverts belonging to
the province, road and bridge repair work has also been done by the provincial
prisoners serving sentence.
The provincial board also had provincial roads and bridges built and repaired
under the supervision of the district engineer.
The following work was done under the supervision of the district engineer :
Reconstruction of two bridges of stone and wood at Bangui ; construction of two
bridges of wood at Bangui, of one bridge, of stone, iron, and wood, at I^aoag-San
Nicolas, and of one bridge, of stone and wood, at Batac; repair of one stone
bridge at Laoag; and completion of the construction of the stone and wood
bridge, with Iron roof, at Badoc. A bridge of stone and wood is now In the
course of construction at Paoay. Many repairs have been made on stone
culverts, also under the supervision of the district engineer.
308 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Great improvements have also been made on the provincial jail.
As to municipal improvements, it must be mentioned that the municipalities
have bettered their local roads and streets to a considerable extent by repairing
the bridges and culverts in the towns proper.
The following work has been done in the municiimlities hereinafter set forth:
At Banguf three schoolhouses have been built in the rural barrios, land the
central school has been rei>aired.
At Pasuquin the construction of a schoolhouse of lumber has been begun.
At Bacarra they have commenced to put an iron roof on the town hall, an
unfinished stone building constructed long ago. Two municipal schoolhouses of
masonry were roofed with iron at the same place, and one at VIntar, a pueblo
consolidated with Bacarra.
At Laoag an iron roof was put on the town hall, which was also repaired,
and the portion of the market which had burnt down was reconstructed. Many
schoolhouses of lumber, one of them with an iron roof, were built in the rural
barrios, and a stone schoolhouse, with iron roof, was erected at San Nicolas.
The construction of a schoolhouse of large dimensions, to be built of wood, with
iron roof, has been commenced in the poblaci6n of Laoag.
At Batac they have begun to put an iron roof on the old town hall, a stone
building, and a schoolhouse and dwellings for the students have been erected on
the model farm set aside for the study of agriculture. The pueblo of ^anna,
consolidated with Batac, has commenced the construction of a schoolhouse of
lumber.
At Paoay the construction of a sch()o]house of stone, lumber, and Iron has
been commenced, and the town hall has been repaired.
At Badoc a few repairs have been made on the town hall.
At San Miguel the schoolhouse of strong materials has been completed, and a
market and a schoolhouse have been built outside of the town proper.
At Piddlg repairs have been made on the schoolhouses.
At Dingras the construction of a schoolhouse of stone, lumber, and iron has
been almost completed. • *
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION.
These are almost the same as they were during the preceding fiscal year.
There are telephones in the municipality of Bangui, at the pueblo of Nag-
partian, annexed to Bangui, at the Dirique Lighthouse, at Dingras, San Miguel,
and Laoag, the central ottice being at l^aoag. There are telegraph offices at
Laoag, Batac, Currimao, and Badoc.
Mails leave the province, go to the municipalities, and are received by the
provincial government from Manila twice a week.
PRISONS.
The provincial jail is in good condition, and as has been mentioned above,
many improvements have been made on the building. Cots of wood and bamboo
made by the prisoners have been provided, and regulation clothes have been
ordered at Manila. On June 30, 3907, there were 23 prisoners serving sentence,
and 7 others, as compared with 34 sentenced prisoners and 42 others In the pre-
ceding fiscal year.
There is a carpenter shop in the jail where furniture and other articles are
manufactured, and sold for the benefit of the province.
INSTRUCTION.
The youth show much enthusiasm for study, the result being a notable in-
crease in the matriculation in the schools of boys and girls, and many schools
have been built in the several munlcUmlltles of this province during the year,
the people and public officers aiding [)ublic instruction with the greatest zeal.
As to the provincial government, it has made every effort and given all assist-
ance within Its power to i)romote education. The provincial school building, con-
structed by the province for the high school, being found insufficient to accom-
modate the large number of pui)n8, the province had to rent a spacious house
for the domestic science and cari)eutry classes of the high school, |)ending the
construction of the i»rovinclal schools proposed for these puriK>8es, the work on
which is to begin soon.
REPOBTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 309
The school of agriculture at Batac, inaugurated during the year, is giving re-
marlcable results, and at the beginning of the present calendar year the students
of this school sold considerable agricultural products which they themselves had
planted.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
The public health has been very satisfactory, and there has not been any
epidemic disease, among either the people or the beasts of labor.
Dengue fever prevailed in January and February throughout the province;
but it was of a mild character and did not cause any deaths.
There were a few Isolated and sporadic cases of rinderpest in the pueblos,
but the mortality caused did not even represent one per cent of the cattle.
Nearly all the cemeteries are newly established, because the Bureau of Health
ordered the old one closed, for hygienic reasons.
FINANCIAL CONDITION.
The financial condition at the end of the last fiscal year was very satisfactory.
After making all the necessary expenditures from general funds for salaries,
per diems and other expenses, and without counting the share of the internal
revenue tax collections for the second quarter of the current calendar year, the
provincial treasury showed a cash balance, on June 30, 1907, of P13,142.23, gen-
eral funds of the province, while the balance at the end of the preceding fiscal
year was only ^5,537.15.
This is doubtless due to the great savings introduced, the number of em-
ployees having been reduced and the expenditures having been confined to abso-
lute necessities. It must be borne in mind that only one-half of the total
amount of the land tax has been collected.
It is true that large expenditures have been made from the several funds ; but
these were all for the direct benefit of the province, having been made for the
repair and reconstruction of the provincial roads and bridges.
It must be added that this province has no outstanding indebtedness or obli-
gation.
The municipalities are in relatively good condition financially.
AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS.
The production of rice,. which still holds the first place among the agricul-
tural products, has Increased notably, as high as 10 per cent, notwithstanding
the excessive rainfall, which has somewhat damaged the crop.
The rice mill established at the capital of this province Is an Incentive to the
residents to increase their production of that cereal.
The cultivation of maguey is increasing in a noteworthy manner, and there is
not a nook in this province where this plant is not being planted. During the
fiscal year about 20,000,000 plants have been set out, in some places in accord-
ance with the Instructions of the Bureau of Agriculture, and in others with leas
space between the plants, the agriculturists saying that they do so in order to
economize in the use of the land.
In my lectures in the municipalities and the rural barrios I have fought
against the system last mentioned and have fully demonstrated the disadvan-
tages which it entails, the result being that many agriculturists on a large
scale, bearing in mind my arguments, have done a great deal of transplanting,
removing a good many of the plants set out by them and putting them on other
land.
The tobacco crop diminished considerably during the last year, for the reason
that the excessive rainfall, which continued until last December, did not give
the agriculturists an opportunity to prepare their seeding plots at the proper
time.
The other crops have undergone no change since the preceding fiscal year.
INDUSTRY.
The industries, such as the manufacturing of textiles, mats, hats, lime, salt,
shoes and slippers, carpentering, blacksmithlng, and many others of small im-
portance, have been the same as described in the last annual report; that Is,
the same antiquated methods have been used, but there has been a greater
development.
310 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
However, a new industry has sprung up In this province, which is the manu-
facture of bamboo furniture at the pueblo of San Nicolas, belonging to the
mimicipality of Laoag. This furniture is now being used in many of the pueblos
of this province.
A rice-hulling mill has been established at the capital of this province, with a
capacity of about 100 cavans per diem. I am informed that It is the property
of several Chinamen, in partnership with Manila Chinese, and that the owners
are the buyers of rice in this province. We have therefore at present two im-
portant machines in this province: the one of which we have spoken, and the
maguey stripping machine managed by Seiior Daniel Galza.
COMMERCE.
Commerce is gaining new life, although it is almost monopolized by the Chi-
nese. They buy up many of the products of the province for exportation to
Manila, but sometimes they sell them to the Compafiia G^ieral de Tabacos.
They sell many goods and articles of foreign origin. The increase of the com-
merce over what it was during the preceding fiscal year may be said to be 30
per cent.
Much draft cattle has been exported, and the number of carabao, beef cattle^
and horses shipped out is estimated at 2,000 heads.
The commercial transactions concern chiefly rice and maguey, the produc-
tion of both having increased considerably. It is estimated that rice approxi-
mately of the value of ^100,000 has been sold, the amount unsold representing
still a larger sum, and that the sales of maguey amount to about ^300,000, a sum
considerably larger than the expoftations during the preceding fiscal year.
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS.
Agriculture and commerce having prospered and placed large sums of money
into circulation, which have put everybody into relatively comfortable circum-
stances, we must infer that there has been general prosperity.
MINING.
Twenty mining claims have been registered during the last year, and sixteen
claims registered previously are waiting to be worked. The majority of the
claims registered are for asbestos mines, and the rest for manganese.
NONCHBISTIAN TRIBES.
Some progress is noticeable in the economic and political life of the inhabit-
ants of the twelve settlements of non-Christian tribes in this province which
are organized under act No. 1397, and there is a great desire for civilization.
I had good evidence of this desire on my last tour of inspection to these settle-
menta I then said much to them of the advantages of instruction in the mate-
rial, moral, and political affairs, and informed them that it was the desire of the
government to give them the benefit of instruction, and tliat, if they would make
a small sacrifice and build schoolhouses, the government would be ready to
recommend that teachers be sent to instruct their children. I cited a number of
cases, and they all expressed the wish that teachers be sent to hold school in
their settlements, and oflPered to build schoolhouses.
I gave them plans of schoolhouses and recommended that schools be erected at
the settlements hereinafter set forth :
At Gamaden, one schoolhouse for It and the adjacent settlements of Padpad-
ong and Bugayong. These three settlements are In the eastern portion of this
province and are approximately 1 mile distant from each other.
At Paor one schoolhouse, for it and three others, Padsan, Cabit-taoran, and
Patoc. These four settlements are also in the eastern portion of the province,
and the distances between them are 1 mile or less.
At Uguls, which Is distant from the other settlements, one schoolhouse for
it and, if r>osslble, for Tlbangran, which Is rather distant.
Last May all these schoolhouses were completed, and I reported this fact
to the division superintendent of schools, requesting that teachers be appointed.
I am Informed that teachers have been appointed.
It was necessary to limit the number of schoolhouses in the settlements men-
tioned to three, because their population is small there are few children, and
BEPOBTS OF PROVIKCIAL GOVEBNORS. 311
they are close to one another, and because funds available for the settlements
do not allow of greater expenditures. It is for the present impossible to build
schools in the remaining three settlements, because aside from the fact that
there is only little money available, two of the three mentioned are over 50
miles distant from the municipality which Is the farthest east, and are situate
among almost inaccessible mountains.
POLmCAL CONDITIONS.
The interest of the people In taking a part in everything concerning public
life, particularly in all that is of practical and direct benefit to them,^ is growing,
as is shown by their activity in the electoral campaigns; their orderly and
peaceful petitions of what they deem beneficial to them ; their protests against
acts of public officials which they consider detrimental to their interests and
derogatory to their political or Individual rights ; their petitions for the amend-
ment of laws or ordinances which they deem burdensome or detrimental to
their interests; their suggestions of legislation or ordinances of beneficial
results to them, and other acts by which they make use of their rights, individ-
ual as well as political. On the other hand, their compliance with their duties
as citizens, their manifest submission to the government, the constituted authori-
ties, and existing legislation; the beneficent operation of the municipal gov-
ernments, and the evident satisfaction of the people with their increased par-
ticipation in the government of the province and in the coming Legislature, all
these, taken together, show progress in the political life of this province.
The number of commercial associations, though on a small scale, and of
societies for instruction and recreation has also increased.
Ck>mmittees of the political parties known as the " Partido Nacional Pro-
gresista " and " Partido Nacionalista Inmediatista " are working In this
province; but their campaigns are carried on very quietly and peaceably, and
they do not go to excess. For this reason they do not lead the people from
their customary occupations to the field of sentimental ism and theorism. Im-
bued with their respective creeds and principles, the members of these parties
live up to the same work silently, within law and order, for the common good
and prosperity, endeavoring to obtain the greatest possible amount of happiness
for the people, without wasting too much oratory, in accordance with the policy
outlined by the sovereign government, and in the due exercise of their political
rights, as established by the constitutional laws of this country.
The litigations between the Roman Catholic Church and the municipalities
were carried on in a remarkably orderly manner, and no acts of violence or
disturbances of the peace resulted from them.
It is true there were more or less heated disputes in a few places, but these
were of the kind that is quite natural when lawsuits are In progress.
The election law was received with satisfaction by the i)eople and polling
places were constructed in the several municipalities. The municipalities of
Dingras and Laoag, however, rented houses, the former for the election and
the latter for the preliminary proceedings only," adequate buildings being in the
course of construction at Laoag for the election of delegates, the interest In
which is growing among the people of this province as it approaches.
Respectfully submitted.
Melchob Flor,
Governor of the Province of Ilocoa Norte.
The Governor-General.
Exhibit No. 1.
Table of criminal actions tried in the court of first instance of the province
of IIocos Norte, Philippine Islands, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907.o
Exhibit No. 2.
Educational statistics for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907.«
^ Omitted and on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
312
REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Exhibit No. 3.
Statement of receipts and expenditures of the Province of Ilocos Norte^ fiscal
year 1906-7,
GENERAL FUND.
REORIITS.
Balance July 1, 1906-
ReKistzT of mining claims
Registry of property _._
Sales of supplies to municipalities -
Prison work and sales _
Rent of buQdlngs _ -- -
Refund of bond _—
Refund court cost
Land tax 1002-6 _
Land tax refund (acts Nos. 1455 and 1579) _
Internal revenue refund (act No. 1189)
Internal revenue refund retained by auditor on account of bureau o-f
Justice - -
Cedulas (act No. 83)
Oedulas, 1905, Class B (act No. 1189). _
_ .. -„. ^. -...,, , 1189)__
. 1189).
.1189)..-. _
Philippine
currency.
^panlsb-
Fllipino
currency.
Cedulas. 1906. Class B (act No.
Cedulas. 1907. Class B (act No.
Cedulas, 1907, Class A (act. No.
Interest of deposits
Sale of provincial property
Exchanged from Mexican _ _
Miscellaneous _.
Transfer to provincial general fund from municipal deposits.
Total recelpts-
EXPENDITUBSS.
Salaries (bureau of health, ^927.33) _..
Traveling expenses and i>er diemi>
Repairing and construction of buildings
Rental for building _
OflBce supplies
Permanent equipment
Court fees (January 1, 1002, to June 30, 1907).
Sherlfr fees
Feeding prisoners
Bureau of prisons
Postage, mall, and telegrams... —
Premium on bond-
Miscellaneous -.
Exchanged _. —
Balance
^5,637.15
124.00 ,
80.15
4,664.99 I
222.80 I
300.00
165.55 ,
157.52 '
814.40
7,602.50 I
16.545.47 j
7,536.00 I
27.00 '
332.00 I
1,572.50 I
' 194.00 I
19.082.00 I
1.225.00 :
213.98 I
,308.62 '
242.73
1,
68.003.36
23,258.91
a. 213. 63
70.25
800.00
5,961.50
1.744.81
11,328.00
859.80
3,358.49
1.724.80
475.00
566.66
1,990.28
13,142.23
68,003.36
^«.
1.094.80
1,094.80
1,694.80
1,694.80
Receipts M8,
Exijendlture.s 54,
003. 36
861. 13
Balance 13, 142. 23
Road and bridge fund.
[Philippine currency.]
RECEIPTS.
Balance July 1, 190C M,803.»8
Cart tax 1,037.09
Land tax 1902-1905 407.29
Land tax refund (act Nos. 1455 and 1579) 3,801.20
Cart sold by auction 251. 00
Sale of material (Apatot bridge) 1,048.50
Total receipts 15, 349. OG
KEPORTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. ' 313
EXPENDITURES.
Repairing and mfiintinuuce uf bridges.
San Mateo bridge M03.39
San Pablo bridge repairs 118.14
Laoag-Currimao culverts repairs 2.65
LAoag-Pasuquin culverts repairs .38.40
Galpac bridge 30. 90
Construction of hrUlges.
Apatot bridge 4, 440. G3
San Pablo bridge 1, 718. 35
Construction and maintenance of roads.
San Miguel-Dingras road 27.10
Laoag-San Miguel road 114.62
Laoag-Paoay road 418. 55
Laoag-Currimao road 1,052.91
Pasuquin-Nagpartiau road 892. 20
Piddig-San Miguel-Dingras road 130.00
Badoc-Sinait road 56.50
Currimao and the South Boundary road 344.67
Permanent equipment 314.55
Miscellaneous 399. 58
Balance 5, 045. 92
15. 349. 06
Receipts 15, 349. 06
Expenditures 10, 303. 14
Balance 5. 045. 92
Congressional relief fund, public work.
[Philippine currency.]
RECEIPTS
Balance July 1, 1906 I «65.10
Sale of material (Apatot bridge) 39.67
Total receipts 504. 77
EXPENDITURES.
Road and bridge labor pay roll 31.90
Balance 472. 87
504.77
Congressional relief school fund,
[Philippine cnrrencj'.]
RECEIPTS.
Balance July 1, 1900 «,280.47
Sale of material (Apatot bridge) 15.60
Total receipts 1, 296. 07
EXPENDITURES.
San Nicolas school construction 1>^54. 60
Pasuquin school construction 34.34
Miscellaneous 89.85
Transferred to school building fund (balance) 617.28
1,296.07
314 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSIOK.
School building fund {act No, 1275).
[Philippine currency.]
RECEIPTS.
Balance July 1, 1906 W21. 13
Subscription 6, 851. 58
Transferred from Congressional relief school fund 617.28
Total receipts 8, 089. m
♦ EXPENDITURES.
Transportation and unloading , «94. 63
Balance 7, 895. 36
8,089.99
Non-Chrintian inhabitants fund.
RECEIPTS.
[Pliilippine currency.]
Balance July 1, 1906
Internal-revenue refund (act No. 1189)
Transferred from rancherias fund
Total receipts
EXPENDITURES.
Balance
W20.28
372.84
96.00
789.12
rr89.12
789. 12
Rancherias fund.
RECEIPTS.
[Philippine currency.]
Balance July 1, 1906 ^128.00
Ownership and transfer of cattle 34.00
Total receii)t8 162. 00
EXPENDITURES.
Transferred to non-Christian inhabitants fund W6. 00
Balance 66. 00
162.00
Municipal fund.
RECEIPTS.
[Philippine currency.]
Balance July 1, 1906 W. 109. 13
Cart tax 1, 037. 01
I^nd tax 1902-5 1,628.68
Cedulas (act No. 89) 27.00
Cedulas 1905, Class B (act No. 1189) 332.00
Cedulas 1906, Class B (act No. 1189) 1,572.50
Cedulas 1907, Class B (act No. 1189) 194.00
Cedulas 1907, Class A (act No. 1189) 19,082.00
Internal-revenue refund (act No. 1180) 29,824.39
Licenses (act No. 1189) 1,781.00
BEPORTS OF PROVINCTAL GOVERNORS. 315
Opiam certificate (act No. 1461) 1^80.00
Land-tax refund (acts Nos. 1455 and 1571)) 15,205.00
Mnnicipal taxes 22, 008. 99
Ownership and transfer of cattle 15,421.00
Sales estray animals (act No. 1147) 150.72
Cemeteries (act No. 1458) 104.50
Subscription for defense of churches 302.36
Miscellaneous 863. aS
Overage in cash ^ .02
Total receipts 110, 814. 2:^
EXPENDITURES.
Payments to municipalities ^110, 814. 23
Report of the Governor of Ilocos Sua.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Ilocos Sur,
Vigan, P. /., July 13, 1907,
Sib: I have the honor to submit herewith my annual report for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1907.
I will follow the order established in the executive bureau circular of May
8 last for the rendering of the reports, and begin by treating of
AGRICULTURE.
In view of the great lack of labor cattle, agriculture in this province is in a
state of great retrogression and decadence, and it will not recover from its pros-
tration until the cause has disappeared. It is a source of great regret that
agriculture, which is the firm basis of the wealth of a country, is much behind
what it was ten years ago. The tools and implements used are most primitive, .
and the methods employed in the growing and gathering of the crops, in the
manufacture of the sugar, and in the dressing of the maguey are most rudi-
mentary.
Although agriculture is far behind in this province, the articles of first
necessity produced, such as rice and maize, are sufficient for the sustenance of
the inhabitants who, for this reason, do not worry about their subsistence.
There are hopes that within a short time certain industrials will introduce
modem instruments or machines for stripping maguey, the cultivation of which,
on a large scale, is developing to a considerable extent and is given much atten-
tion, so that the production of this high priced article will be doubled within
three years.
During the year a strange cattle disease, rinderpest, made Its appearance in
several pueblos, but fortunately disappeared soon and did not spread to all
the pueblos.
COMMERCE.
Commerce has not undergone any change since last year. During the first
months of the present year fair prices were paid for maguey and sugar, though
the price of the latter has fallen somewhat and the wholesale dealers were
therefore able to engage in the purchase of them.
Owing, doubtless, to the monetary crisis which is making itself felt in Ilocos
Norte and Ilocos Sur, the retail business is almost at a standstill, and the
dealers in some of the products of this province, who travel annually through
the adjacent provinces where there are Ilocano pueblos, are much discouraged
and complain that they make very few sales.
316 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
ECONOMIC CONDITION.
The economic situation of this province has been very fair, it having been able
to settle all its obligations without any dilticulty whatever, with a balance on
hand on June 30, 1907, of f^3,277.52.
As to the pueblos of this province, both municipalities and townships are in
comfortable circumstances so far as their finances are concerned.
FINANCES.
During the fiscal year the receipts aggregated ^26,491.93, and the expendi-
tures W00,414.34. It therefore appears that on July 1, 1907, there was a balance
of ^^53,277.52 in favor of the province, Inclusive of the road fund and the bal-
ance on hand on June 30, 1906.
The receipts of the non-Christian tribes fund aggregate 1P6,482.40, and the
expenditures W,072.47, which leaves a balance on hand of 1^5,409.93.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
The condition of public instruction is satisfactory, judging by the table of
schools, teachers, matriculated pupils and average attendance, furnished by the
division superintendent.
The Intermediate school and the primary schools of the municipality of Can-
don were closed last month, because the municipality, on account of the lack
of- school funds, has been unable to pay the salaries of the teachers since
January, 1907.
The following is a statement of the present state of the public instruction in
this province : "
Two recently constructed schools of arts and trades were Inaugurated in the
month of February, 1907, one at Vigan and the other at Lagangllang. Abra.
In the month of March of the present year an intermediate school was inaugu-
rated at Santa Maria.
Private instruction Is in the same condition as It was last year. There are
three colleges : The school of primary and secondary instruction of the Jesuits ;
the Unlversldad Ilocana, with its law school and school of primary and sec-
ondary instruction, and the girls' school managed by the Sisters of Saint Paul
de Chartres. The most frequented is that of the Jesuits, on account of their
reputation as professors*
INDUSTRY.
The principal Industries in which the Inhabitants are engaged are weaving
of cotton and silk cloths on crude and primitive looms ; making of bricks, tiles,
and flags in ovens; making of furniture, carriages, carts, and harnesses; con-
struction of small boats, such as virayas, bancas, paraos, and pontlnes; black-
smithing; shoemaking; pottery; hunting and fishing; cigar making (by hand) ;
tanning of hides by the most primitive and Imperfect methods, and the prepara-
tion for the market of maguey, sugar, and indigo.
It therefore appears that the industries of this province are not at the height
which they should occupy.
MANUFACTUBES.
This province Is now In a worse condition with regard to manufactures than
In previous years. Four years ago there were four distilleries, which were
located at Vlgan, Santa, and Candon ; but of these only the one at Santa exists
to-day, the others having been forced to shut down because they were unable
to bear the internal-revenue taxes.
NATUBAL RESOURCES.
The natural resources of this province are very insignificant. Until the
present writing no mines have been discovered except some gypsum deposits
in the mountains in the northern part, and the forestal wealth of Ilocos Sur
Is also small. If compared with that of the other provinces of the archipelago,
because only the mountains of Abra furnish timber of the first group, which
is either sold or used for the construction of buildings.
<> Omitted and on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 317
POLITICO- ADMINI8TBATIVE CONDITIONS.
No unusual event worthy of mention has taken place during the year. The
only uncommon occurrences here were fires and common crimes, and it can there-
fore be said that the province has enjoyed complete tranquillity. For this rea-
son no extraordinary work has weighed upon the government and taken up its
attention, to the prejudice of the administration of current public matters.
The total population of I locos Sur and the subprovlnce of Abra is 237,023
souls, civilized and uncivilized, who are distributed over 19 municipalities
and the several townships and rancherfas. The area of I locos Sur and Abra
is 1,642 square miles, the density of population being 144 inhabitants to the
square mile.
The aggregate strength of the municipal police is 229, it being distributed
among the municipalities in proiwrtion to their importance.
The following report shows the work performed by the court of first instance
of this province during the last fiscal year : •
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
The sanitary conditions have not undergone any change worthy of mention,
but generally speaking, the public health is better than during last year.
Smallpox appeared at Bangued, Abra, at the beginning of the year 1907 ; but
it was of a mild character and dlsappeareil soon, owing to the energetic and
wise measures taken by the sanitary authorities.
There is still a considerable number of lepers in the province; these live
with their families and next of kin In several of the pueblos.
In order to prevent leprosy from spreading It Is of urgent necessity that the
persons attacked by It be sent to the island of Cullon, as has already been
requested several times. This is the only measure which I deem adequate to
relieve the province from this terrible disease.
There also remain a number of insane persons, some of whom are violent and
should be confined in the Hosplcio de San Jos6 at Manfla, in order to prevent
their committing crimes, there being no Insane asylum in this province.
PUBLIC WORKS.
The general wagon roads, bridges, and drains, both in the northern and the
southern part, have been repaired and put In order.
During the sixteen months that I have been at the head of the government
of this province I have observed that the work of the repair of roads, bridges,
and drains causes each year considerable expense, and for this reason I divin
It well to suggest that the present system of repairing roads be substituted by
another, more economical and better suited to the conditions of the province;
that is, I believe It would be advisable to have the municipal presidents take
charge of the repair of the roads in their respective districts and to allow them
the necessary funds, subject to the direction and inspection of the district
engineer.
Being certain that the lieutenant-governor of Abra will submit an annual
report as to his subprovlnce I have limited the present reiwrt to the province
of Ilocos Sur.
Respectfully submitted.
Felix Angco,
Governor of the Province of Ilocos Sur,
The G0VERN0R-(iENERAL.
* Omitted and on tile in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
818 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Report of the lieutenant-governor of Ahra {Ilocos 8ur).
[Translation.]
Office of the Lieutenant-Governor,
SUBPROVINCE OF ABRA,
Banguedy July 9, 1907,
Sir: In accordance wltli act No. 1044 I have the honor to submit to your
consideration the following report for the subprovlnce of Abra for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1907 :
AGRICULTURE.
The principal products of these imeblos are palay, corn, tobacco, cacao, and
others of less importance.
In spite of the prolonged drought, in general the crop has been more satis-
factory than that of the previous year, due undoubtedly to the constant work
of the industrious inhabitants of this subprovince.
Comparing the figures of this with those for the crop of the previous year
there is shown an increase of 25 per cent hi the production of palay, 33 per
cent in that of corn, and 50 per cent in that of sugar. On the other hand,
there has been a decrease of 33 per cent and 14 i)er cent In the production of
tobacco and cacao, respectively. This decrease as regards tobacco is owing
to the discouragement which has taken possession of the minds of the agri-
culturists on account of the low prices quoted for said article in the market,
of Manila during these last years. With respect to jcacno the decrease is
due to the destruction which certain worms (known in this locality as nissot,
which worms kill the plants by attacking the roots) have caused to the cacao
plantations. They are of a light or whitish color, are from 2J to 3 centimeters
long and 3 millimeters wide, and have a smooth body and a black head. They
are the most remarkable of the known parasites that attack the cacao plant.
Palay and corn, considered the articles of prime necessity, are cultivated
throughout the subprovince. Tobacco and sugar are produced principally in
Bangued and Pilar, and cacao exclusively in Bucay. Maguey is unimportant
and is not prepared here, because of the lack of machines for stripping the
fiber and of salt water for its maceration. It is generally used for cord or
rope. During the last year approximately 10,000 maguey seed plants have
been sold to the coast municipalities of Ilocos Sur, where the maguey planta-
tions have been develoi)ed to such an extent that there is an estimated increase
of 25 per cent.
The subprovince of Abra has more or less extensive agricultural lands, as
the other provinces of the archipelago ; its soil is fertile and it does not suffer,
as do other provinces, from the absolute scarcity of draft animals. In order
to give greater impetus and development to agriculture there are only lack-
ing, to my way of thinking, Irrigation dams, dikes, ditches, and canals, which
constitute the most important factor In agricultural works, especially in the
Philippines. The pueblo of Bangued has only the Irrigation canal leading
from the Lusuac spring, which Is Insufllcient for the plain of Dapat. Dolores,
Pilar, and Iji Paz have a few incomi)lete irrigation ditches. Bucay has the
best Irrigation system, for It has four Irrigation ditches, and the need of the
construction of another in the barrio of Pagala is still felt.
COMMERCE.
Live stock, tobacco, rice, and com constitute the articles of commerce in this
locality.
Live stock Is the chief source of wealth, and. In spite of the disastrous effects
of diseases among the live stock In the past, 3.295 certificates of transfer of
large cattle have been Issued among the five municipalities and eight townships.
Including 1,450 head of horses, 264 head of bovine cattle, and 1,581 head of
carabaos, the total value of which amounts to W(>7,140.
The average price Is WO \)er head. Some certificates of transfer have been
Issued to those who had acquired large cattle previously, simply in order to
legalize the property In accordance with the law now In force; but others have
been for sales realized. Making a minimum estimate, one-half of the number
stated — that Is to say, 1,647 head of large cattle for the sum of W3,570 — may be
considered as the sales reallztni during the year. The majority of the pur-
chasers have come from the provinces of Nueva Eclja and Pangaslnan. These
sales have been the first of much lmi)ortance realized for some years. It is an
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL. GOVERNORS. 319
enconraglng and unequirocal sign that our live stock is recovering from the
great losses suffered.
The sale of leaf tobacco has scarcely reached the sum of n6,000. It is esti-
mated that the Ck>mpailia General de Tabacos purchased 70 per cent of this
tobacco and the remainder was purchased by retail merchants. The tobacco
business is tending to disappear on account of the low price, the maximum
quoted here being ^4 per quintal.
Rice and palay, as articles of prime necessity, are not exported, since nearly *
all the sales are for domestic consumption. Rice is quoted at from T5 to
W.75 per cavan, and palay at from WO to W2 i^er nyon of 100 small hands.
Com, the current price of which is from P2.50 to W.50 per upon of 1,000 ears,
was quoted as high as W per cavan. Corn has, therefore, commanded a good
price. The other products are of little commercial imix)rtance.
ECONOMIC CONDITION.
The economic condition of this subprovince has improved considerably com-
pared with that of previous years. The mercantile transactions realized from
products of the last crop, and especially throhgh the sales of large cattle,
have undoubtedly improved the pecuniary condition of these pueblos. Regu-
larity in the payment of taxes and imposts constitutes, in the majority of cases,
the best index of the economic condition of a pueblo. It is true that the land
tax has been suspended for two years; however, this only affects the five mu-
nicipalities organized in accordance with the provisions of the Municipal Code.
On the other hand, this subprovince has eight townships in which the tax upon
personal and real estate is in force.
FINANCES.
The sums appropriated by the municipalities and townships amount to ^40,-
752.60, of which ^29,154.51 pertain to the five municipalities and ^1,598.18 to
the townships. The preceding year the municipalities appropriated only K4,-
327, so that there has been an increase In the present appropriation of 1^4,827.51.
Of the f^40,752.60 mentioned, ^,547.15 were for school purposes, P6,442.66
for municipal public works, « 8,875.38 for personnel, and W,300.55 for other
needs, leaving a balance of W,587.01.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
The subprovince of Abra has 60 primary schools, of which 16 are located in
the centers of population of the municipalities and townships, 47 in the barrios,
and 6 in the settlements. Children of both sexes attending said schools number
5,294. The municipalities and townships have 51 teachers paid out of their re-
spective treasuries, of which teachers 38 are males and 13 females. There are
also 31 insular teachers, of which 27 are men and 4 women. The settlements
have 4 teachers paid from insular funds and 2 from the non-Christian tribes
fund. In all, a total of 88 teachers.
Bangued has the government building for the intermediate school and the
high school. There are enrolled 148 boys and 64 girls. During the present
school year the high school was opened and has two American and one Filipino
teachers and an American principal. The interest and enthusiasm shown by the
youth of Abra for education and instruction Is very great. I believe that
throughout the Philippine Archii^lago this is the only subprovldence which an-
nually celebrates Its school feast with extraordinary solemnity.
There are only 10 private schools in the whole subprovince, at which a small
number of children attend.
INDUSTRY.
Lumber is the most imix>rtant of the few industries known to these pueblos.
The Abra Lumber Company is engaged in cutting timber, which It soils at whole-
sale and retail. During the present year It has cut 350,784 cubic meters, of
which part has been sold in Vigan and part in Manila. In order to appreciate
the importance of this growing industry, the fact is cited that said company has
paid the sum of ^823.19 as internal-revenue taxes. There are also private
parties engaged in the cutting of timber for sale, but they are very few and of
little imiwrtance.
The flsh, cloth, manufactured tobacco, and cordage industries, and the prod-
ucts of the chase are of little moment. . Another growing Industry, however, to
which an extraordinary impetus has been given during the present year, is the
820 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
weaving of hats for ladies, gentlemen, and children. The hats are made from
the leaves of the plant called burl, from fine cane, and from the bark lapnit of a
tree known as lusuban. They are made in different shapes, textures, and colors.
The use of these hats by all the residents of these pueblos is general, nobody
purchasing the foreign hats on sale by the Chinese.
17ATUBAL RESOURCES.
The entire superficial area of this subprovince Is covered with a thick and
luxuriant vegetation, the natural consequence of the fertility of its soil, and Is
encircled with woods, mountains, and mighty rivers. The forestry resources,
are the most important. There are a great variety of timbers suitable for con-
struction and for the manufacture of furniture. In regard to minerals, it is
said that there is a gold mine at Mount Buyatan in the rancheria of Lacub;
two coal mines, one at Bacooc in the township of Lagangilang and the other
at Mount Tayab in the municipality of Bangued. Two gypsum deposits are
known, one at Paganao in the township of I^angangilang and the other at Mount
Pangpang at Villavleja, In the municipal district of Pilar. As to thermal
waters, there are four known springs, one at Mapaso, in the township of
Dauglas; one at Mount Bacao near the rancheria of SaMapadan; another at
Mount Capanniguian in Villavleja, and the other at Mount Posuey near the
township of M&nabo. There are a great variety of textile palms and resinous,
dye, and medicinal plants.
NONCHRISTIAN TRIBES.
The non-Christian tribes are organized In accordance with the provisions
of act No. 1397, known as the Township Government Act. There are eight town-
ships divided into 72 barrios or districts under the charge of their respective
councilors, and having a population of 9,225. There are 14 settlements in Abra,
with 5,912 Inhabitants, and 55 settlements In Ilocos Sur, with 7,456 inhabitants.
The total population of the 69 settlements is 13,368.
The townships and settlements of Abra have 33 schools, at which more than
2,000 children of both sexes attend. The percentage of attendance, in relation
to the number of inhabitants, is 13.2. In the Dormitory at Vigan there are
G Tinguiane girls who are studying at the expense of the non-Christian tribes
fund. In the township of Lagangilang the pagans have a recently constructed
agricultural school, but as yet it has not been opened for instruction because
of the want of professors and teachers. The Tingu lanes show much Interest
In Instruction. In the last school feast at Bangued, February 22, the scholars
from the townships and settlements participated with brilliancy. Each of the
townships donated two silver medals, one for the most studious and the other
for the most advanced pupil of their respective schools. The township officers
paid the cost of said medals In conjunction with the enthusiastic supervising
teacher of their schools, Mr. Harry Borgstadt. The magnificent silk and vel-
vet standard offered by the lieutenant-governor, on the occasion of said school
feast, to the school which should have the greatest percentage of attendance
in relation to the number of inhabitants within its district, was won by the
central school of the township of Langlden, in competition with the other
schools of the municipalities and townships.
With respect to agriculture, 7,500 uyones of palay, 6,900 uyones of com,
800 quintals of tobacco, and 200 piculs of sugar were raised by non-Christian
tribes. Sugar is converted Into cakes, into basl (vino del pais) and into
vinegar. Tubers, vegetables, and garden truck are Talso cultivated.
In regard to large cattle, the townships have issued certificates of transfer
for 2,101 head, of the value of ^87,611 ; of these 1,050 head have been sold for
the sum of W3,805.
The pagans have demonstrated constant Improvement and progress In the
government of their respective localities. Their financial condition Is satis-
factory. Some townships have considerable balances, particularly that of
Lagangilang where, with these funds, the construction of a municipal build-
ing of strong materials Is projected.
Last May I proposed to the provincial board, subject to the approval of the
Secretary of the Interior, the organization into 5 townships of the 35 settle-
ments of non-Christian tribes situated In the eastern part of the municipalities
of Candon, Santiago, Santa Marfa, and Narvacan of the province of Ilocos Sur,
containing a total of 5,298 Inhabitants. The organization of one township of
two settlements in the southeastern part of Abra, containing 1,260 inhabitants,
has also been proposed.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVERNOBS. 321
POLITICAL CONDITION.
At the preBent time there are five municipalities organized in accordance
with the proTisions of the Municipal Code: Bangued of the second class, and
Bucay, Dolores, La Paz and Pilar of the fourth class. On August 10, 1907,
the separation of Tayum, now consolidated with Bangued, will take effect, and
Tayum will again be organized as an independent municipality. They have
36,946 inhabitants.
Public order. — Absolute peace and tranquillity prevails.
The trials had for infractions of municipal ordinances have been as follows : <>
Criminality, — In the Justice of the peace courts, the following causes have
been heard :^
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION,
The public health could not be better, and the climate is salubrious. How-
ever, some of the barrios of the municipalities of Bangued, Bucay, Dolores, and
La Paz, and the township of Pauglas, were attacked by smallpox during the last
months of the preceding and the first months of the present year. There were
432 cases, 121 deaths, 306 recoveries, and 5 are convalescing. There are no
new cases at the present time. Those attacked were generally young children,
save in a very few cases.
If the 121 deaths, victims of the smallpox, are deducted from 1,185, the total
number of deaths for the year, there remains but 1,064 deaths from ordinary
causes, giving a percentage of 2.04.
The predominating sicknesses that have caused the most deaths have been
convulsions among children, and malarial and intermittent fevers among adults.
PUBLIC WORKS.
The municipalities have appropriated ^4,374.97 for public works and repairs.
The ♦most important repairs have been those of the municipal building of
Bangued, which is nearing completion. The reconstruction of the kiosko in the
plaza of Bangued, ^nd of the fence surrounding the plaza, are also important
works which will be carried out at the close of the rainy reason. By these
works and those completed during the previous year with respect to the general
repair, of the public market, the municipality of Bangued has practically demon-
strated its interest in the proper administration of the municii>allty.
Bucay and Dolores are also reconstructing their municipal buildings. Pilar
likewise has to face many public works through the definite transfer of the seat
of government to the old municipality of Pilar. Tayum has already constructed
a provisional municipal building of light materials, voluntarily and gratuitously
by the inhabitants. La Paz, like the others, has made repairs to the streets
and culverts of the municipality.
The provincial board has expended WOO in repairs to the road and bridges
between Tayum and Bucay; ?1,500 in the construction of the new road from
Bangued to Tayum, and I have requested ^500 more for the completion of said
work. For the repair of the bridge of Pidigan, MOO, and for repairs to the
government building, now equipped for the high school, M50. In all, the
province has expended K,750 on such work.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
I, A law to apportion to the subprovince of Abra 75 per cent of its receipts,
to be expended exclusively in its own interests.
II. A law to encourage. agriculture, the essential ends of which shall be:
(a) The construction of irrigation dams, reservoirs, and canals for the fields.
(6) Improvement In the breeding of stock, especially of large cattle.
. Respectfully submitted.
J. Ortega,
Lieutenant-Oovemor of the Subprovince of Abra,
The Governor-General.
« Omitted and on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 21
322 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISStON*.
Report or the Govebnob of Iloilo.
[Translation.]
Office of the Govebnob, Province of Ilotlo,
lUMo, P. /., August 2, 1901.
Sib: In accordance with tlie provisions of Act No. 1044, I have the honor to
submit to your consideration the following report for the fiscal year ended June
50, 1907. I have attempted to condense within the limits of a comprehensive
report the most Important data that may give an exact knowledge of the general
condition of the province, and if some details are wanting, it is due to the
deficient means of information with which this ofllce is provided to obtain more
complete statistics.
genebal conditions.
The general conditions that have prevailed during the year are not the most
flattering, owing to the many public calamities which have incessantly afflicted
the municipalities. The condition under such very bad circumstances must be
precarious. The depression in the crops as a consequence of the lack of capital,
of the persistency of the rinderpest, and of the appearance of the locusts and
hoppers in the fields, has caused a profound financial crisis in the municipalities.
This crisis has been somewhat attenuated by the construction of the railroad,
which has provided work for many laborers. Notwithstanding the fact that
the company constructing the railroads of Panay and Negros ex i tends many
thousands of pesos monthly in the payment of day laborers. It has not availed
to improve the precarious condition of the municipalities, because the greater
part of the fields is abandoned for lack of cultivation. The 1,000 men who are
dally working in the construction of the railroads are an insignificant number
in a province the population of which amounts to some 400,000 souls.
There must be added to the above-mentioned calamities several fires that
occurred in different localities during the last dry season, among them that of
the barrio of the capital of the province known as the nipa district, on Apri» 19,
1907, which reduced to ashes more than 1,000 houses of light materials, the
homes of the most needy people of the pob1aci6n. This was .one of the greatest
misfortunes which occurred during the first semester of the present year. As
a consequence of so great a misfortune more than 7,000 persons are without
homes. Hastening to remedy this misfortune, the provincial board appropriated
K,000 from its funds, the municipality of Iloilo, M,500, and public subscription
produced ^3,881.50, which amounts, added to the W0,000 granted as aid by the
Insular government, in response to my petition, in order to help reconstruct the
houses of the sufferers, make a large sum that Is being expended In the inter-
ests of the inhabitants of the burned barrio.
However, in spite of these very bad financial conditions, public order is very
satisfactory, the decrease in the number of assaults and robberies being very
marked. It Is also to be noted that the authors of the few assaults and rob-
beries which have occurred were captured and placed at the disposition of the
courts of Justice.
PBOVINCIAL ADMINI8TBATI0N.
The composition of the provincial boards has undergone an Important modifi-
cation by virture of Act No. 1545. Its results can not be more satisfactory
because, by means thereof, a more homogeneous administration of the public
affairs intrusted to the care of the provincial board has been introduced. The
efficient cooperation of the third member In the executive administration. In
view of his perfect knowledge of the necessities and habitudes of the people,
removes the difficulties which naturally arise from diversity of points of view
in the appreciation of public affairs. Aside from this consideration of a purely
administrative nature, the reform Instituted by said act offers a great oppor-
tunity to the Filipinos to study in practice the mechanism of local government.^
The office work Is equally divided between the provincial governor and the
third member, and in consequence the official business is more promptly dis-
posed of; forn;erly this was the work which absorbed the attentions of the
provincial governor, hindering him from fulfilling one of his most important
duties, the frequent personal inspections of the municipalities for the purpose
of correcting the defects which are noted in the administration of the munici-
palities.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL. GOVERNORS. 323
I have to place on record the efficient and very valuable manner in which
the third member of this board, Sefior Juan de Leon, has cooi^erated with my
administration ; he has Just resigned his office in order to present his candidacy
for delegate from the second district of this province to the Philippine Assembly.
Sefior de Leon, with his learning, experience, and interest in public affairs, has
rendered invaluable services to this government.
In spite of the fact that the present organization of the provincial board
gives the governor more ample control of the same, since he relics on the sui)-
port of the third member who, it is to be supposed, is identified with his policy,
the ^members of this provincial board have shown independence of Judgment
and have acted with mutual understanding in deciding the aflfairs submitted
to their consideration. Though small differences in the appreciation of certain
affairs have existed, they have not been the cause of interrupting the cordial
relations that from old have existed In the body of the provincial board, which
has conducted itself up to the present time as a single body, in addition to
taking the liveliest interest in the common welfare. The acting- provincial
treasurer, Mr. Barclay, merits the highest consideration from his companions
on the board for the spirit of Justice with which he is animated and for his
redoubled interest in cooperating in the best administration of the province,
and it is my duty to place on record here my most complete satisfaction with
his skillful work in his department.
MUNICIPALITIES.
The defects noted in the municipalities by reason of the ignorance of some of
the pueblos in the interpretation of the provisions of the Municipal Code are
disappearing, owing to the frequent visits I have made to the pueblos. These
visits are necessary because, through them, the defects in the administration
of the pueblos are observed nearer at hand, since besides the ocular insi)ection
which I make of their workings, I give on my official visits an opportunity to
the residents to present their complaints against the municipal officers, and in
this way the evil and wrongful practices which exist are brought to light.
During the year Just ended various investigations have been made against
municipal officers who were denounced as immoral, in a broad sense, and un-
worthy to hold a public office, and who, after trial where the accused were
given every opportunity for their defense, were suspended and dismissed.
Before adopting the rigorous measure of suspending a municipal officer, prior
to conviction, I have always taken into account the party strifes which inflame
the mind and engender those persecutions which they mutually make in order
to obtain predominance in each locality; for the foregoing reason I have pro-
ceeded with a certain degree of caution to decree suspension only when, on ac-
count of the evidence of guilt at the trial, it might be necessary in the interest
of Justice and of proiier public administration.
AGBICULTUBE.
Sugar, — This crop is in constant decline owing to the lack of capital, and to
the rinderpest, which does not cease to decimate the few largo cattle now in the
province.
Although the port of Hollo exports the largest quantity of this product in the
islands, statistics show no more than 200,000 piculs of sugar produced through-
out this province, the balance of that exported belonging to the neighboring
provinces.
The prospect of the establishment of the Agricultural Bank In the near future
is reviving the hopes of the sugar planters, and it Is undoubtedly the only spar
that can save them from dire disaster, because with plenty of capital at a mod-
erate Interest they will be able to put under cultivation much lana at present
abandoned. The establishment of the Agricultural Bank and the opening of
railroads are the factors which will determine a full and free reaction In the
economic condition of the whole province.
The crop of sugar for the season 11)00-7 amounts to 1,500,000 piculs (one picul
equals 63.25 kilos) ; it should be borne In mind that said crop to a largo extent
belongs to the provinces of Negros, only some 200,000 piculs belonging to this.
The crop of 1005-6 amounted to some 1,731.000 piculs, thus showing a decroaso
this year of some 231,000 piculs. The prices obtained for this article during the
season of 1906-7 were;
324
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Months.
1906.
Novomber.
Dcoember—
1907.
January..
February.
March
April
May
June
July
I
Maximum.
Minimum.
T-4.00
r-3.875
3.937
3.75
3.812
3.75
3.875
3.76
3.76
8.825
3.987
3.625
3.875
3.812
3.875
3.75
4.00
3.812
Rice. — There Is a great falling off iu the production of this cereal, which
constitutes the principal food of the natives. The locusts and hoppers have
destroyed the larger part of the planted fields, and it has been impossible for
the municipalities to escape the damages caused by these pests.
The present stock of palay in the municipalities amounts to approximately
70,000 cavans, a quantity insufficient to supply the necessities of the province.
Owing to this and to the fact that the crop in the fields has been destroyed
by locusts and hoppers, it is probable that during this last semester the impor-
tation of rice from Saigon will increase considerably, and that the prices of this
grain will rise to more than 91 per picul. In the year 1905-6 the prices of
Saigon rice fluctuated between W5.50 and W.55 per picul, and in 190G-7 between
M.60 and M.75 per picul. The increase of the price per picul is in ratio to the
decrease in the local crop.
It is suggested that in view of the calamities that have prevailed, such 'as
locusts, rinderpest and hoppers, which have almost completely destroyed the
crop of this year, the customs duties on rice be reduced, because of the scarcity
which there will be during the coming year.
Tohacco. — The production of tobacco has decreased considerably, since only
some 7,000 quintals have been purchased from the province, at an average price
of WO per quintal, as against 10,200 quintals In 1905-6. There are no certain
data concerning the present growing crop, but it is believed that it will be more
abundant and better than that of this last fiscal year.
Corn, — During the year the production of com has been almost nil.
COMMERCE.
Commerce has made some progress as shown In the following figures:
I
Kilos. Value (^old).! Duty
Sugar received from the ports along: the coast, 2.800.046
sacks, estimated at _
Rice, imported
Opium, imported (74 cases) _ _..
Sugar, imported
Sugar, exported
Copra, exported.
Sapan, wood lor dyeing ^
88,548.556
11.329,480
6.283
160,096
97.541,616
37.878
4,019,167
$357,906
39.359
9,978
3,282.016
3.2.i0
51,992
184.971.96
22,849.86
4.822.41
48.616.21
37.88
Coll vvt ion of (littiCH in the fineal year J 907.
Imi)ortntlo»8 $458,973.60
Exportatlons 48.890.06
Other sources of revenue 88, 152. 19
Total 596,015.85
The receipts have exceeded by $10,686. United States currency, those of the
previous fiscal year, though there has been a decrease In the duties on rice alone
of $50,000, the increase having been in the imix)rt duties on merchandise.
The decrease of 7,600 tons of rice imported is due chiefly to the increase In
the production of the preceding year.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 325
INDUSTBIES.
The industries which are derived from the weaylng of sinamay are in the
same condition as during the previous years. The condition of the provinces
influences the greater or less demand of this industrial product, and as the con-
dition which prevails in almost all the regions of the archipelago is one of pro-
found crisis there also follows a decrease in the demand for the sinamay of
this province.
PUBUC INSTRUCTION.
The progress in instruction is every day more notable. The municipalities
rival each other in the construction of schoolhouses, and. the eagerness for
instruction is increasing even to the barrios distant from the centers of popu-
lation.«
The schools of arts and trades are giving the best results. The students of
these schools have the opportunity of learning lucrative professions which will
give them better returns in the future than those of public employment. It
would be desirable to extend manual and agricultural instruction to the pueblos,
for the purpose of giving lilce opportunities to the children who on account of
lack of means can not enter the provincial schools of arts and trades, and of
agriculture.
PUBLIC ORDER,
As I have stated in the beginning, public order Is satisfactory throughout the
province. The municipal police cooperate eflfectively with the constabulary in
the prosecution of people of evil life. Brigandage may be considered extermi-
nated. Some bands that have appeared in the municipalities have finally been
dispersed by the constabulary, which is rendering efficient services to this
government owing to a highly skillful and Just direction. The senior inspector,
Mr. Lewis, is an officer of excellent qualifications and by his tact and activity
has succeeded in freeing the province from brigands. I feel it my duty to place
on record the fact that his services are most valuable to this government. The
decrease in the criminality of the province proves the satisfactory condition
of public order.
Owing to my frequent visits to the pueblos and barrios many hillmen, who
from very remote times have lived a nomadic life and have not resided else-
where tha^n in the forests, have concluded to live within the laws. I have visited
barrios and sitios never frequented by the authorities, with the object of at-
tracting the hillmen, and with great satisfaction I can record the fact that to
this work of attraction the most pleasing success has responded. Many of these
hillmen are now living a civilized life In the populated districts and are culti-
vating lands or are engaged in other work which brings them some material
returns.
PUBLIC HEALTH.
The sanitary condition of the province, which has 394,742 inhabitants, has in
general improved during the year.
PUBLIC WORKS.
Many improvements have been made. A great number of concrete and wooden
bridges and culverts have been constructed which have facilitated communica-
tion between many pueblos. Many roads have been reconstructed, among them
the Ibau-an that Joins the municipalities of Mandurriao and San Miguel, some
7 miles in length, and which formerly had always been the object of complaints,
on account of its bad condition, on the part of the inhabitants of several im-
portant pueblos of the interior.
The nipa barrio of Iloilo is being rapidly rebuilt, and it now has an excellent
system of streets, which will have a notable influence on the improvement of
the appearance of the capital and, above all, on the health conditions of the
same. In this new barrio 50 houses for those injured by the fire have been
built by public subscription.
« Tables showing the amount expended for public instruction, number of
school buildings in the province, amounts expended on school buildings, num-
ber of teachers in the various grades have been omitted and are on file In the
Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
326
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
FflfANCE.
The following statement shows the estimate of receipts and expenditures of
the province for the year 1906-7 :
RECEIPTS, 1906-7.
Balance on hand Jane SO, 1006.
Registry of property ,
Registry of mines
Cart tax
Land tax:
1905 and previous years
1906, refund —
1907, refund
Cedulas
Internal revenue, refunds
Interest on loans
Sales to the municipalities
Repayment loan by municipalities-.
Sales property provincial
Exchange of money
Miscellaneous
Transfer of funds
Genera!
fund.
^42.018.43
1. 206.05
4.00
2,804.64
18,120.48
9,064.74
46,762.50
86,630.29
816.00
7.537.58
1,283.32
465.63
1,471.00
6.686.66
963.81
Roads.
^15,206.42
B4.80
,464.61
064.74
632.87
t,715.25
1.04
EXPENDITURES.
Total.
^58.126.86
1,266.05
4.00
94.80
4,260.25
27,194.22
13.507.11
46,762.60
85,630.29
315.00
7,537.68
1.283.32
465.63
1,471.00
9,401.81
964.36
208.381.36
Salaries.
Travel expenses
Sheriff's fees
Court fees
Office supplies-—
Postage.
Premiums on bonds -
Rents-
Subsistence of prlsoncfR.,
Equipment, jjermanent-..
Repair of buildings
Construction:
Buildings
Bridges
Repair:
Bridges
Roads
Incidental ex penscs
Loans to municipalities..
Transfer of funds
On hand June 30, 1U07..-.
^57,191.96 I
6,107.67 I
1.462.28
1,828.00
14.431.22
1,197.20
2,835.85
1,260.50
6,706.15
10,679.93
1,046.09
12.402.66
8,275.23
1,000.00
14,302.10
35,476.60
174.303.13
ri6,069.83
4,882.43
11.621.47
97.50
1.839.18
34,061.23
^57,191.96
5,107.67
1,463.28
1,328.00
14,431.22
1.197.20
2.335.85
1,260.50
6.706.15
10.679.93
1,045.99
12.402.55
16.069.83
4,382.43
11,621.47
8,372.73
1,000.00
14.302.10
37,815.78
206.384.36
ResiHM'tfiilly snbniittwl.
The (iOVKRNOR-GKNKRAL.
Benito I^OifEz.
Governor of ihv Frocincr of Jloilo,
Report of the ex-Governor of Isabei^.
[Translation.]
Office of the I^ieuten ant-Governor,
SUDPROVINCE OF APATAO,
Tauit, P, /„ August 6, 1901.
Sib : I have the honor to make the following report for the first half of the
fiscal year 1906-7, during which I was governor of the province of Isabela :
Isabela is one of the provinces which are bound to prosper, but, due to the
lack of animals and laborers for tilling its soil, it has remained unexploited
to the present day.
REP0BT8 OF PBOVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 827
There are very few settlers at present, altogether too few for breaking and
cultivating the soil of its vast plains and luxuriant forests, in which the whole
future of the province lies. In my opinion it is necessary that the government
extend its decided protection to the immigrants, which course would be very
efficacious, as immigration has hitherto been productive of good and has re-
sulted in visible advancement If inducements are offered in this respect im-
migration will increase, and doubtless some of the immigrants will make up
their minds to establish themselves definitively in this province. At present
the immigrants, with few exceptions, do not become permanent settlers In
Isabela, from fear of being despoiled or offended l)y the natives of the province.
It frequently occurs that an immigrant has for many years held a piece of land
which he found uncultivated, without any objection having been made to his
occupation, when somebody appears and claims the land as his, alleging that
he inherited it from his ancestors, and finally driving the poor immigrant from
his land, either by threats or by intrigues.
Another evil is the system of servitude in vogue here, which can not be called
precisely slavery, but has a great deal of resemblance to that institution.
There are many immigrants who are kept In life servitude by natives of the
province because of an insignificant debt, or because of the death of an animal
in their charge, though such death was due to the rinderpest. Such debts are
even passed on to the children.
It is probable that if these immoral practices were eliminated the immigrants
would settle permanently in this province, without apprehension, and would
never think of. returning to their pueblos, where they can purchase more secure
real estate with their savings made in Isabela.
Until these evils are removed Isabela will never become a rich province, and
the gain derived from its soil will continue to go to other provinces.
MUNICIPALITIES.
Of the municipalities, only Ilagan and Cabagan are steadily improving and
progressing, and this for the reason that they are governed by active men.
The other pueblos have not yet emerged from their lethargy; their councils
seem indifTerent toward the improvement of their municipalities, and their
minutes show nothing but an abundance of appropriations for salaries.
Thanks to my report for the fiscal year of 1906-6, describing this evil, these
municipalities have emerged from their state of apathy, though not entirely.
Caoayan and Gamt\ began with the construction of buildings to serve as town
halls, and others ordered furniture for the municipal offices.
By virtue of the act providing for the segregation of Palanan from the
municipality of Ilagan, municipal elections were held in December, last year,
and the final separation took effect in January of the present year.
This pueblo, which I visited in the month of December above mentioned,
is some 45 miles distant from Ilagan; its future lies in the wealth of its forests
and seas. There is an abundance of almdciga in its forests and a wealth of
shells and fish along its shores.
The bay of Dibilacan, northeast from the port of Palanan, offers secure and
ample shelter to shipping if surprised by storms along the shores of the Pacific.
According to my estimate it can accommodate, without danger, eight steamers
of medium size.
PBOVINCIAL GOVERNMENT.
The government of the province of Isabela operates with great regularity,
and its relations with the municpalities have been perfectly harmonious, with
only one exception. The authorities exercise great care to prevent the evils
incidental to the deficiency of funds, the fact of the matter being that the re-
ceipts are hardly more than sufficient to cover the expenses for salaries, and that
it is impossible to undertake the improvements of importance.
The officers in charge of the several divisions of the government are very
competent, and each of them performs the work Intrusted to his care with the
greatest efficiency.
There is no provincial government building; the provincial government
utilizes two private houses for its offices, at a monthly expense of f75.
The provincial jail Is In an exceedingly bad sanitary condition, and I con-
sider the repair of this building of great necessity.
328 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
EDUCATION.
The education of the youth of this province is proving a complete success;
but it is deemed imperative that more schools be established in the barrios
distant from those where schools now exist, for the reason that the distance
makes it impossible for the children to attend school; thus the establishment
of the new schools will enable them to get at least some instruction.
BOADS.
The wagon roads are in kn exceedingly bad condition. Due to the great
distances between the pueblos, and to the fact that the country bordering on
the roads is very sparcely settled, and the scarcity of funds, it is impossible to
maintain them in good condition. It is probable that satisfactory results could
be secured by the passage of an act providing for the preservation of the wagon
roads of this province, either by compulsory labor on said roads or by the crea-
tion of a new tax.
COMMUNICATIONS.
The postal system now established is satisfactory, though the public con-
siders the telegraph charges excessive. I am of the opinion that the establish-
ment of a new overland mail route, from Manila to Pangasinan, Nueva Vizcaya,
Isabela, and Cagayan, would be very advisable, as the public would be greatly
benefited by it.
SENSATIONAL EVENTS.
The most sensational event was the typhoon of November of last year. It
wrought great havoc in this province. Over three-fifths of the tobacco crop
was swept away and destroyed by the floods, and hundreds of houses were de-
molished.
The embezzlement of the municipal treasurer of Gamu was another sensa-
tional event, more especially as the provinical treasurer did not report the matter
to the provincial board, and no steps were taken in the premises, until the
offender replaced the sum embezzled.
COMMERCE AND CHOPS.
The commerce of this province is in a languishing condition. The small capi-
talists are barely able to exist, and the tobacco crop has been good, but short. I
believe that agriculture is in need of government protection for the improve-
ment of the tobacco crop and the construction of irrigation ditches for the rice
fields, which is now being begun.
The estates are a great boon to the residents of the pueblos where they are
situated, as they put a considerable amount of money and agricultural prod-
ucts of prime necessity into circulation. I am of the opinion that these estates
are also in need of special protection by the government and the authorities.
CONCLUSION.
I refrain from making any recommendations in concluding this report, leav-
ing it to my successor to make such suggestions as he may deem necessary to
make his administration successful.
Respectfully submitted.
Blas Villa mor,
Ex'Qovemor of the Province of Jsahela,
The Governor-General.
Report of the Governor of Isabela.
[TranRlatlonJ
Office of the Governor, Province of Isabela,
Jlagan, P, /., July 10, 1907.
Sir : I have the honor, in compliance with section 7 of act No. 83, as amended
by act No. 1044 of the Philippine Commission, to submit the following report
for the period ended on June 30, 1907 :
The province of Isabela has 68,793 Christian ifihabitants and is divided into
toi pueblos, organized as municipalltes. It is bounded on the north by the
BBPOBTB OF PBOVINOIAIi GOVEBNOBS. ' 829
province of Gagayan, on the south by the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and
Lepanto-Bontoc, on the west by the new subprovinces of Kalinga and Apayao,
and on the east by the Pacific Ocean.
AGRICULTXTBE.
Owing to the continuous rains during the last months of 1906, and to the flood
of last November, during which the Cagayan River, the Pinacauan River in
the pueblos of Ilagan, Tumauini, and Cabagan Nuevo, and the other affluents
on the right side of the Rio Grande de Cagayan were out of the baniss for
over six days, the majority of the tobacco land was^not planted in due time,
because of the lack of seeds, which were destroyed by the inundation and by the
ten days of continuous rainfall which followed it, of the scarcity of work cattle,
and of the large amount of sediment left by the. flood. The excessive rainfall
made it impossible for the agriculturists to till their flelds, because the soil
was too soft for plowing, and when the new seeds arrived and were planted, im-
mediately after the flood, the earth was no longer fit for planting, the result
being that many flelds remained barren and that the tobacco crop was small,
though in some parts good, in the pueblos of Ilagan, Tumauini, Cabagan Nuevo,
and Santa Maria, which were the worst damaged by the flood, the crop har-
vested in the pueblos of Naguilian, Gamu, Cauayan, Tagle, and Echague being
medium or good.
The maize and rice crops are looking very well at present, and unless another
flood comes before the cutting and gathering of the maize, there will be an
abundant harvest of both these cereals. A good tobacco crop is also assured
this year, the fertilizing substances left by the flood having improved many of
the flelds.
I am taking suitable measures to promote the growing of rice and maize.
On my tours of Inspection in the barrios I speak to the people direct, or make
recommendations to the councilors regarding the necessity and advisability of
increasing these two crops, with a view to growing the quantity necessary for
the consumption of the province.
Coffee, camotes, beans, sugar cane, etc., are also grown here, but on such a
small scale that they are not even taken to the market, but consumed ex-
clusively by him who plants them.
Tobacco is the only article of commerce, because maize and rice, though two
crops of them are planted annually, are grown almost entirely for local con-
sumption, and are so insufficient that this province has always been compelled
to import rice. Neither rice nor maize being articles of commerce here, I have
conceived the idea and desire of introducing other crops to take the place of
the tobacco in commerce in the event of a failure of the latter, which generally
leaves the province in an impoverished condition.
The crops to which I refer are two : the ilang-ilang and the maguey. If they
are grown throughout this province and flber-cleaning machinery for the maguey
and distilling apparatus for the ilang-ilang are subsequently imported, the
results will be a beneflt^o the people, and I therefore earnestly recommend and
pray that seeds for these crops be sent to this province.
COMMERCE.
The commerce of this province is at present in a deplorable condition, and
there is not a merchant who does not complain. The reasons are that on the
occasion of the last flood numerous stacks of leaf tobacco, which were still
unsold, and the rice and maize stored by the planters for their own consump-
tion were lost, and that the monetary crisis did not delay in making itself felt
and soon gained the mastery. What little money the Inhabitants of the province
had left at the time went for the purchase of rice for their sustenance. Rice,
then the only article of commerce in this province, became very scarce and its
price increased accordingly. During those bitter days rice sold here at ^15 per
cavan of 25 gantas; but fortunately the provincial government learned of the
abuses of the merchants, who were taking advantage of all this misfortune by
increasing the price of rice enormously, and put a stop to them. While I am
speaking of rice, I must not target to convey to your honor the thanks of the
province of Isabela for the ?4,000 which the Insular government at Manila
sent to this province for the relief of distress, as soon as it learned by the
telegraph of the effects of the inundation.
880 BEPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
If the saying "& escasez de productos, subida de preclos" is true, a good
sale can be expected this year, notwithstanding the small production of tobacco,
and commerce will experience better times. This change for the better would
be much greater if the reduction of the Dingley taciJET duties, which has been
so often requested, and which I now again recommend, could be considered and
made a fact.
INDUSTRIES AND MANUFACTUBEB.
The inhabitants of the barrios San Rafael, in Cabagan Nuevo, and Quelusutan,
in Tagle, and those of tl^ pueblo of Santa Maria, in this province, are at the
same time agriculturists and manufacturers; they make furniture of rattan,
cana espina and rattan, and wood and rattan, the same as those manufactured
in the shops on Calle Nueva at Binondo, Manila*. This furniture is the subject
of a trade on a small scale and is the second article of commerce after tobacco.
Samples of this furniture may be seen at the Echague town hall and the
Tagle parish house, and is used in many houses in the pueblos of this province.
There is not much sale for these articles in the province, owing to their high
prices, and the manufacturers have not yet begun to export them to other
provinces.
There are two cigar factories in Ilagan, the capital of the province, and one
in the barrio San Jos^, in the pueblo of Tagle. The tobacco used by these
factories is of the best produced in Isabela, and the business is very profit-
able.
NATURAL RESOURCES.
The only natural wealth which is worthy of mention is that found in the
forests. Throughout there are immense forests, still unexploited, and contain-
ing a large variety of timbers of all classes, suitable for constructions of every
kind. These forests abound in timber of the first, second, third, and fourth
groups; but at the present time only the San Mariano or Oatalanganes forest,
situate within the Jurisdictional limits of the pueblo of Ilagan, is being ex-
ploited by private parties.
Rattan and caha hojo are other products taken from the Catalanganes forest
for commercial purposes, and are much used in the construction of houses In
this province.
In the former pueblo of Santo Tom&s, now a barrio of Cabagan Nuevo, there
are gypsum deposits which nobody has thought of registering or working up.
No mines have been found or registered.
As I have said, there are vast forests containing an abundance of trees of
the first group. The majority of them are still untouched by the hand of man,
not a stick of timber having been cut in them, and the trees of the first group
which they contain are decaying, as a result of the action of the air or of their
age. Nobody has ever exploited them, nor has anything been learned of any
association or firm coming to exploit them. The trees therefore decay without
anybody being benefited by them, and It would be a pity if this waste were to
continue. I consequently repeat my request, in the interest of the Inhabitants,
that the governor-general use his infiuence with the Commission to have that
body extend to the Inhabitants of Isabela the privilege of cutting timber of
the first group free of charge, even if it run for one year only, it being a well-
known fact that the last flood has carried away, as In Cagayan, many houses
with uprights of timber of the first group, which the inhabitants have not
been able to replace, for the reason that they lacked the money wherewith
to pay the forestry charges.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Education has made more progress during the year than during the pre-
ceding years. The circumstance that last May some of the students of the
provincial school took the insular teacher*s and others the second and third
grade civil service examination is an evidence of the progress made by educa-
tion such as has not been seen In previous yeara
The province Is at present divided into four school districts. The first dis-
trict comprises the pueblos of Cabagan Nuevo, Santa Marfa, and Tomaulnl;
the second the municipalities of Ilagan and Palanan; the third the munici-
palities of Gamn, Naguilian, and Cauayan; and the fourth the municipalities
BEPOBTS OP PBOVINCIAL GOVEKNOBS. 381
of Echague and Tagle. Each district is in charge of an American supervising
teacher, who constantly inspects the schools under his Jurisdiction. Under the
immediate supervision of these American teachers there are 68 municipal and
3 insular teachers — ^all Filipino men or women — who are distributed among the
municipalities and their barrios. The schools are attended by 3J04 boys and
girls, a larger attendance than last year.
The schoolhouses are distributed throughout the province; some are built
entire4y of lumber, and others partly, having sides of plaited cana bojo. Some
of these schoolhouses were built by the inhabitants of the barrios, who fur-
nished the material and labor.
Aside from the normal school, which opens early in November and closes
the end of December of each year in the provincial capital, and which has, since
two years ago, turned out several Filipino teachers now stationed in the pueb-
los, a provincial school has been established at Ilagan, the capital of the prov-
ince. It is in charge of four American teachers, who are worlcing together and
doing their utmost for the advancement of the students. This provincial school
is attended by 183 young men and women, all anxious to learn the English and
the other branches of knowledge taught them.
In view of the distance between Ilagan and the other pueblos, as Echague
and Tagle in the south, and Santa Maria and Cabagan Nuevo in the north, and
of the expense incidental to the Journey to Ilagan and maintenance there of the
youths who have finished their studies in the municipal schools and wish to
continue them in the provincial school, which expense constitutes a great bur-
den for the parents, the attendance of the provincial school is rather small.
Impelled by my fervent desire to give the parents and the students an oppor-
tunity of having the latter continue and complete their studies, and with a view
to providing a remedy for these deficiencies, I respectfully recommend the estab-
lishment at the municipalities of Cabagan Nuevo and Ekrhague of intermediate
schools, governed by American teachers and controlled by the division superin-
tendents of schools of this province.
A provincial high school has been constructed on land belonging to this prov-
ince, M4,000 having been appropriated for this purpose. Of this sum, W0,000
were granted by the insular gbvemment and W,000 donated by the pueblos for
this purpose. The construction of this beautiful and spacious building was be-
gun June 8, 1906, and is now nearing completion. The material Is almost exclu-
sively lumber of the first group, the roof being of galvanized Iron. The build-
ing will have sufficient capacity to accommodate over 300 pupils, and It is ex-
pected that it will be opened some time during the present month.
POLICE.
Being convinced that one of the most Important and urgent duties of pro-
vincial and municipal governments Is concerning the organization of the police,
I did not hesitate, upon takhig charge of my office, to place the municipal
police under the control of the senior inspector of constabulary, subject to the
general sui)ervision of the provincial governor, with the approval of the gov-
ernor-general, as provided in act No. 781, because I have always held that the
sufficiency, discipline, and efficacy of the municipal police in the discharge of
their duties would be better secured under the guidance and control of this
officer. I therefore suggested a reorganization of the municipal police, recom-
mending especially that the persons chosen be young men of good repute, com-
lietent to enforce the laws and ordinances, able to maintain order, and exact
In the compliance with their duties.
The following Is the personnel making up the municipal police of this prov-
ince.®
This organization is governed by an ordinance or regulations prepared by
the senior lnsi)ector of constabulary and approved by me; it is well equipped
and uniformed, armed with Colt's revolvers, and performs its duties in an
efficient and satisfactory manner.
The municipal police Is Inspected every month by the senior Inspector of
constabulary and myself, and all reports concerning It are rendered to my
office.
« Omitted and on file In the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
332
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
Owing to the efforts made by the municipal presidents of the majority of
the pueblos, the condition of the public health and sanitation is satisfactory.
There is a district health officer and a municipal board of health, with its
president, in each of the pueblos of Echague and Naguilian.
Not a single case of smalli)ox or of any other epidemic disease has been
recorded during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907, and according to the dis-
trict health officer the death rate ranges from 35.89 to 38.20 per 1,000.
During the months of March and April of the current year an epidemic dis-
ease appeared in the pueblos of Cauayan, Echague, Gamti, Naguilian, and
Tagle, and caused ravages among the horses and carabao. With a view to pre-
venting a spreading of the disease I asked the bureau of agriculture to send a
veterinary surgeon to this province, who came in time and fought the plague,
eradicating it completely.
The provincial board, in its resolution No. 317, passed on April 27, 1907, and
sent to the governor-general on April 30, 1907, recommended to the director of
health the consolidation of the health districts of Cagayan and Isabela, stating
as reason that the object of the Commission in passing the act abolishing pro-
vincial boards of health had been to save expense to the provincial treasuries.
As this act had not resulted in any material advantage for the province of
Isabela, but merely in a change of names, and it having been observed, on the
other hand, that the principal work of the district and municipal health officers
here consists only of the preparation of statistical data, I respectfully recom-
mend that in the event of the fusion recommended by the provincial board not
being feasible the petition of the provincial board be amended in the sense that
the salary of the district health officer of Isabela be reduced from ^200 to n50
per month, for reasons of economy only,
FINANCIAL CONDITIONS.
The finances are fair, as shown by the following statement:
General funds
Road and bridge funds
Congressional relief funds-
School funds
Balance on June 30.
1906.
8,645.48
I
Pesos.
5,702.45
6,324.19
13,S76.26
Balance on June 30,
1907.
P/s.
952.80
Pesos.
1,047.40
2,770.29
1,857.47
3.311.00
It will be seen that the provincial funds diminished considerably during the
fiscal year, which is explained as follows: During the year mentioned the prov-
ince paid a considerable sum out of its general funds to the court of first
Instance of this province, for fees for the criminal cases tried In said court,
and payments were made to the insular purchasing agent, out of the same fund,
for furniture for the offices of the treasurer, the auditor, and the superintend-
ent of schools, aside from other expenses. Sundry disbursements were made
from the -road funds for bridges recently constructed, and for the repair of
others. Successive payments have been made from the school fund for the
material and labor for the provincial school building, \^iich will be com-
pleted on the 15th of this month and opened toward the end of the same, the
contractor now finishing what little work remains.
The balance sheet of June 30, 1907, apparently shows a deficit in the pro-
vincial treasury ; but this apparent shortage will quickly disappear when the
large amount of delinquent land taxes for the years from 1903 to 1905 have
been paid during the months of July, August, and September, the time for the
sale of the tobacco, without recourse being taken to the provisions of the mu-
nicipal code relative thereto. Adding to these delinquent taxes the share of
this province of the refund of 50 per cent authorized by act No. 1579, for the
latter half of this fiscal year, the 2-i>eso road tax recently approved by the
assembly of municipal presidents and councilors, the land tax for coming years,
the other taxes, and such sources of revenue as our active provincial treas-
urer may devise, we shall accumulate sufficient general, road and bridge, and
school funds to defray the expense of maintaining the provincial government
BEPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 333
during the present semester and subsequent years, and still have a small bal-
ance on band. However, all these funds taken together will never suffice to
enable this province to construct a provincial government building, unless the
insular government comes to its assistance by granting it a loan, reimbursable
in installments, which is respectfully recommended.
In view of the present financial condition, I therefore recommend a favorable
consideration of the suggestion above mentioned, relative to the consolidation
of the district health offices of Cagayan and Isabela, or the reduction of the
salary of the district health officer, which would mean a great saving for the
general funds.
ROADS AND BRIDGES.
Shortly after my taking charge as provincial governor last March, I called
an extraordinary convention of municipal presidents, for the purpose of dis<
cussing the situation and the needs of the province, one of ^he subjects treated
being the improvement of the provincial highways.
In this convention I stated to the assembled presidents that being acquainted
with the exceedingly bad state of the provincial roads I suggested and recom-
mended that they give their attenion to this important matter and induce the
inhabitants to come to the support of the provincial government by again aid-
ing, gratuitously, in the improvement of- the roads, of the great necessity of
which they were fully aware. After a brief discussion as to what would be the
best system to adopt, the suggestion was accepted and each did his very best,
the difficulty being that in those months all the inhabitants were busily engaged
in work on their fields.
Excepting the wagon roads from San Luis, on the boundary toward Nueva
Vizcaya, to the pueblo of Echague, the provincial roads of all the pueblos, as
far as the Ca^yan border, are in a much better condition than they were
before the above-mentioned convention.
The bridges from the pueblo of Cagayan to the northern pueblos and to the
boundary toward Cagayan are much improved and in good condition; several
of them have been constructed recently, under the direction and inspection of
the district engineer, and are provided with galvanized iron roofs. These
bridges being of solid construction, and being built of lumber of the first group,
their duration is estimated at ten or twelve years.
The bridges from Cauayan to Echague — that is, toward the southern pueb-
los— ^are in fair condition. Four of them> are to be reconstructed, it being the
intention of the provincial board to let the contract at public auction to the
lowest bidder.
On June 12 the municipal presidents and councilors of the several pueblos,
who had come to receive and greet the governor-general and his party upon
their visit to this province, assembled in convention, and it was resolved by a
majority of these officers and by the provincial board that the Philippine road
law, act No. 1511, be accepted, in the sense that every male inhabitant subject
to the payment of the poll tax shall pay a tax of 2 pesos, to be set aside for
the repair and construction of roads and bridges, or perform five days* labor In
lieu thereof. The months of July, August, and September of each year were
set aside as the time for the collection of this tax, and the law was declared
to be effective for a period of four years, beginning with the present.
In view of the acceptance of the road law in the sense above set forth there
is great hope that at the end of the rainy season the work of the Improvement
and reconstruction of our roads, bridges, and streets will become a fact. The
provincial board has not forgotten the suggestion made by the governor-general,
and is now considering the project of constructing concrete bridges.
MAILS, TELEGRAPHS, AND TELEPHONES.
The Compafifa General de Tabacos has had the contract for carrying the
malls for the past two years, an employee of the firm being In charge of the
weekly mall service between Aparri and Cauayan, which operates with great
regularity.
In all the municipalities, with the exception of that of Tagle, there are post-
offices, which are in charge of the telegraph operator, where there Is one, and
where there Is none they are In charge of the municipal treasu^e^, who receives
a small additional compensation for It. The postmaster of Ilagan is also in
charge of the postal savings bank, the operations whereof have been success-
ful and to the entire satisfaction of the public.
334 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Telegraph stations are located Ju I lagan, the capital of the province, and In
the pueblos of Cauayan, Cabagan Nuevo, Echague, Tumauini.
There are two telephone stations In I lagan and one in the municipality of
Naguillan. The establishment of this system constitutes one of the strides
forward, it being much patronized by the government and the general public,
as It saves time and money.
POLmCAL CONDITIONS.
The few criminal cases in the court of first instance, the fact that there
are only seven prisoners in the provincial jail, confined for common crimes,
such as embezzlement, vagrancy, and In one case assault, murder, and robbery,
and the naturally peaceable disposition of the Inhabitants, who are now engaged
in their usual occupations, are the best and clearest proofs of the thorough
peace now enjoyed.
It is true that prior to the election for provincial governor, held February
5, last, rumors were current to the effect that the families of some of the
prisoners now confined in Billbld as a consequence of the Nagulllan affair con-
templated the filing of a complaint relative thereto; but immediately upon
taking charge as governor I repaired to the pueblo of Nagulllan for the purpose
of making an Investigation Into this matter, without finding any indication of
the truth of this report Taking advantage of this Journey, I paid a personal
visit to the families mentioned and spoke to them of the benefits and necessity
of peace, of the evil and fatal consequences of all disturbances of the order,
and of the attitude which they must take toward the government, the authori-
ties, and their pueblo, in order to secure the pardon of the poor prisoners. I
promised them Justice for all alike, and since then the rumors mentioned
have disappeared and peace and tranquillity are becoming permanent among
the people of Nagulllan, who continue industrious. The inhabitants of Isabela
all respect and obey the laws and orders of the Insular, provincial, and munici-
pal governments, and comply with them without any objection.
The provincial, insular, and municipal ofllcers are all working together in
perfect harmony. In the Interest of the welfare of this province.
Carabao and horse stealing have almost disappeared, as the constabulary
never ceases to pursue the robbers.
Act No. 1147 has proved to be a wise measure and has given very gooil
results.
NONCHBIBTIAN TBIBRB.
The census, which was taken prior to the creation of the subprovlnces of
Kallnga and Apayao by act No. 1642, shows a total of 7,638 non-Christian in-
habitants, Igorots, Gaddanes, Ilongots, and Negritos, who are scattered over the
mountains of the several municipalities. The most Important settlements of
these tribes are those of Mayoyao and Bunslan, situate In the southwestern
part, with 5,000 inhabitants, more or less, and the settlement of Ilongots,
situated in the mountains of the southern part, on the banks of the southern
section of the Cagayan River, with about 2,000 Inhabitants.
The Gaddanes are scattered along both banks of the Rio Grande de Cagayan
and the Magat River, and In the mountains of east central Luzon. The Negritos
are located in the mountains of the opposite coast. The Gaddanes are of less
importance than the Negritos, and for this reason apparently no attention has
been paid to them.
In view of the proximity of the majority of the settlements of the Gaddanes.
commonly known as Kalingas, to the pueblos of the Christians, it is the Gad-
danes who visit these pueblos the most frequently to buy rice, salt, and cloth,
and sell fresh or dried venison, wild caraboa meat, or fish.
The Negritos may properly be called savages; they almost never leave their
settlements and engage only in hunting and fishing, the products whereof they
exchange for rice or maize with the Christians.
The Gaddanes generally grow rice, maize, camote, sugar cane, etc.; many
of them plant tobacco and sell it lined up on sticks, but never pressed. They
also spin and weave.
A constabulary post, commanded by a lieutenant, has been established be-
tween Mayoyao and Bunsian, and it Is contemplated to construct, at the same
place where the post Is located, a school, which will be in charge of an Ameri-
can teacher, under the supervision of the division superintendent of schools
of this province.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 335
In view of the difficult roads aud the long distances between these settle-
ments, the provincial board set aside, by resolution approved by the secretary
of the interior, the sum of 1P600 from the non-Christian tribe fund for the estab-
lishment of a ferry, consisting of two small boats tied together, over the Magat
River at Oscariz, a barrio of Echague, on the road to Mayoyao and Bunsian,
and for the opening of a highway or road, the construction of which the senior
inspector of constabulary and I are contemplating, which is to start at the
barrio of Oscariz, £k;hague.
As I have not had an opportuniay nor the time necessary for vlsitipg the non-
Christian tribe settlements, I am not able to give more information than that
furnished. I took charge of this provincial government on February 21 last,
and have not yet been able to make an inspection, in view of the shortness of
the period which has elapsed since then. I will send you more detailed and ex-
act information as soon as I have become familiar with the conditions.
RKC*OM M EN DATIONS.
It being impossible for the provincial exchequer to sustain the expense of
the construction of a building for the offices of the provincial government, I
earnestly recommend that the province be granted a loan of ?20,000, a sum
sufficient for the construction of a provincial government building, this being
the only means of saving the province the monthly expenditure of ^5 for rent
for the two buildings which it now occupies.
With a view to adding other products to the only commercial product, I ear-
nestly recommend that a sufficient quantity of ilang-ilang and maguey seeds be
sent to this province, for distribution in the pueblos.
I also recommend the early appointment of an American or Filipino teacher
for the schools of Mayoyao and Bunsian, and the speedy establishment of a
school in those settlements.
Finally, I recommend that the 'election law, act No. 1582, be amended to the
effect that persons addicted to the opium habit be disfranchised and made
Ineligible.
REMARKS^
In making this report, I have been guided by a fervent desire to Inform you
of the true conditions of my province; but having been elected provincial gov-
ernor on February 5, 1907, and having taken charge on the 21st of the same
month, I am still little familiar with those conditions. In order to obtain a per-
sonal knowledge of the real situation, study the same thoroughly, and provide
for the needs of the province, I am determined to make continual visits of in-
spection of the pueblos and barrios during the short time that I shall remain
governor.
In concluding, this report, I send my most respectful greetings and assure
you once more of my firm adherence to the constituted government, with the
promise that I will do all in my power for the best interests of this province.
Respectfully submitted.
Eliseo Claravall,
Gorenwr of the Province of Isabela,
The (vOvernor-General.
Report or thk (iOvkrnou ok La Lauuna.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of La Laguna.
Santa Cruz, P. /., June 30, 1907. '
Sir: In accordance with the provisions of act No. 1044, I have the honor to
submit for your consideration the report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907.
AGRICULTURE.
Though slowly, agriculture is improving in this province, for during the last
year considerable dry lands have been cultivated in the municipalities engaged
in the planting of rice and sugar cane, the municipality of Santa Rosa stand-
ing at the head, to which place the bureau of agriculture sent two steam plows
to plow said fields, with satisfactory results, as was to be expected.
886
REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
In the fiscal year which terminated on June 30, 1906, there figured n crop
of 450,000 cavans of palay, more or less, but in the present year there* were
very nearly 500,000 cavans, which produced 250,000 cavans of rice at a price
ranging from ^5 to W.75 per cavan ; this means a clear profit of W,375,000.
Cocoanut trees have had the same production as in the preceding year, in-
creasing, however, 10- per cent on account of newly bearing cocoanut trees. An
estimate malses the cocoanuts gathered amount to about 100,500,000, giving an
excess of 500,000 over the 100,000,000 nuts gathered during the preceding fiscal
year. As already indicated in previous reports, from this total must be deducted
some 63 per cent used In the making of copra and some 20 per cent for the man-
ufacture of oil, the remainder having been sold as fruit The average price
per one thousand nuts has varied from K5 to KO, reaching the highest price
in the bay and river municipalities.
Hemp plantations are Increasing considerably, and it may be said that dur-
ing the last twelve months they have doubled. In my previous report I said
a crop of 50,000 piculs was obtained, but during the last year it rose to about
60,000 piculs, and there are still many plantations which are not yet producing.
The average price of hemp was from W7 to W9 per picul.
Corn is still harvested in usual quantities throughout all the municipalities
of the province, as it does not require special care in planting and harvesting.
During the last year 30,000 cavans of com were grown, an increase of 5,000
cavans over the crop of the previous year.
The sugar crop compares with that of preceding years, although the planters
could scarcely make up the expenses incurred in planting and harvesting, owing
to the low price of sugar. At the present time there is a considerable stock of
sugar in the warehouses, from the crop of the month of last January, but the
planters in view of the low price that is offered can not realize on it, as un-
doubtedly the profits which they would obtain by its sale would be little or
nothing.
With the exception, then, of sugar cane, crops are in good condition, and it is
expected that as draft animals are secured agricultural conditions will continue
to improve.
COMMERCE.
Mercantile transactions for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907, were:
Municipalities.
Pesos.
103.222.80
228.m4.a5
12.781.05
50.973.06
84.510.18
968.748.58
35,638.81
17.141.17
22.633.M
15.732.62
6,143.14
166.637.80
219.654.66
616,125.32
39.340.60
33.375.98
480.638.71
802.985.81
48.636.17
37.477.85
Total 3,791.255.59
BIfian
Oalamba
Calauao
Cabuyao
Llllo
Los Banos...
Lumban
Lulslana
Magdalena..
Majayjay— .
Mavltac
Nagcarlan...
Facte
Fassanjan..
Panguil
Flla
San Fable...
Santa Cruz..
* Santa Rosa..
Slniloan
Commercial
transactions.
In the total shown in this table are includeti imports and exports,, which, in
accordance with act No. 1189, pay one-third of 1 per cent upon the sales.
Attention is called to the fact that a considerable number of tlendas are
exempted from taxation by section 142 of said act No. 1180 when their annual
sales do not reach ^500.
The municipality having the largest commerce is I^s Bafios. This is due
to the fact that the pueblo of Bay is consolidated with it, which Is really the
place where such transactions are had, as all the products and goods, com-
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNORS.
337
inercial, agricultural, industrial, etc., from the municipality of San Pablo and
from the municipalities of the northwestern part of Tayabas Province are car-
ried to this town.
In the above table, the exportation of copra to Manila does not appear, as
it requires a separate table, since it is one of the principal products of the
province. It was as follows:
Shipping points.
Oopra.
PIculg.
Pesos.
Santa Cruz
72,843
11,973
120,637
r]09,015.00
Pagsanjan .
83 811 00
Bay
783,900.00
Total -
205,355
1,377,626.00
This statement shows an increase of 15,692 piculs exported over the 189,663
piculs of the previous report, representing a value of ^109,844, which shows
that copra has commanded a good price in the market. This accounts for the
fact that there has been a shrinkage In the manufacture and exportation of
cocoanut oil.
FINANCE.
The following tables show the receipts tCad expenditures of the province.
The greatest expenses, as in the last fiscal year, have been and will continue to
be for public works. In order that a full understanding may be had of the
works completed during the past twelve months, the report of the provincial
treasurer to the director of public works, dated June 30, 1007, is hereto at-
tached as Appendix A.<*
In said report mention is made of the employment of 400 prisoners In the
construction of roads and other provincial public works, and of the new appro-
priations for buildings and roads.
In the first table following Is shown receipts of the province amounting to
«32,148.25, that is to say, an excess of n9,294.31 over *^12,853.94, the
receipts for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1906.^
Annual report for the fiscal year J 907, provincial.
Class of collection.
General.
Roads
and
bridges.
Toll road,
act No.
1617.
Land tax collection
Land tax refund acts, Nos. 1455 and 1579-
Cedillas, Internal revenue..
Cedulas, provincial form No. 1
Cart tax ^
Internal revenue refund
Land registration fees...
Court fees _ - _
Miscellaneous refund
Cost land tax sales
Sales of provincial supplies
Miscellaneous — —
Internal revenue weights and measures, act No. 1510..
Exchange with Insular treasurer
Bay-San Pablo toll road
Total..
^16,
752.26
168.08
8&3.50
465.00
057.04
665.88
128.00
185.68
4.70
301.83
026.23
180.84
737.05
114,435.12
1^8.376.75
22,084.06
2.>4.31
336.08
r510.25
33,501.22
510.25
Disbursements, as per abstracts made during the last fiscal year 1907.*'
« Not received in War Department.
^ This and other tables in detail have been omitted and are on file in the Bu-
reau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
^ Omitted and on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7 22
888 BBPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Salaries W2,5ei.30
XraTellng expenses 6,302.00
Maintenance of provincial prisoners 2, 851. 77
Rental for building 1,970.00
Supplies, general 11,344.59
Miscellaneous, general 8, 538. 85
Repair and construction building 17,336.74
Postage, mall, and telegram 2,505.26
Premium on bonds 104.03
Sheriff fees 496. 80
Clerk of court fees 17,936.00
Maintenance of prisoners at Billbld 828.40
Provincial high school 2,590.57
Labor and material (roads and bridges) 76, 619. 06
Purchase of lands 1,085.00
Permanent equipment ( roads and bridges ) 4, 139. 71
Toll road - 1,707.46
Exchange with public rate, W.30 419.73
Total 209, 337. 27
The following statement of municipal balances on June 30, 1907, shows the
sound financial condition of the municlpalities.<» At the end of the fiscal year,
1906, the balance of municipal funds amounted to K3,648.39 school, and ^39,-
963.98 general funds, but at the end of the present fiscal year there is on hand
a balance of W3,685.82 and M8,164.52, respectively.
In this statement the expenditures of the municipalities of the province are
not shown, because the municipal accounts are made up at the end of the cal-
endar year and not of the fiscal year.
LAND TAX.
The provincial board of tax appeals of the province of La Laguna was unable
to organize on October 1, 1906, as provided in section 1, paragraph (I), act No.
1472, as amended by act No. 1496, Philippine Commission, on account of the
provincial governor, Juan Cailles, being absent from the province to attend
the convention of provincial governors in session at that time In Manila. It will
be remembered that this province, on the occasion of the former land tax of
1903, acted upon many complaints and found errors In the assessment to such
an extent as to make necessary the enactment of act No. 1207, which provided
especially for the correction of errors in the assessment rolls and the registers,
and that under the provisions of said law more than 1,500 complaints were pre-
sented that had to be decided by the provincial board.
Complaints presented under the provisions of act No. 1298, enacted later by
the Philippine Commission, are excluded from this number, which goes to show
that the majority of assessments made for the former land tax were erroneous.
For these reasons the members of the provincial board of tax appeals, which
was on the eve of being organized, understood that for the purpose of securing
a Just and equitable assessment, it was necessary to adopt different methods and
to establish a radically new system of assessment. Moreover, for this it was
necessary that all the members of the board should be present and upon the
return of the provincial governor to Santa Cruz, on Octobed 19 they were all
immediately assembled and the board was organized with the formalities re-
quired by the law. However, Mr. W. W. Rodwell, division superintendent of
schools, who was a member of the provincial board at the time and, therefore,
of the provincial board of tax appeals, was unable to attend the sessions of the
board on account of the multifarious duties of his ofiice.
The two members appointed under the provisions of act No. 1472, were
Sefiores German MagplU and Juan E. Perez, who duly qualified and attended
regularly all the sessions.
The board directed its first efforts to a clear and concise study of the bases
of assessment adopted and used by the various boards of municipal assessors of
''Omitted and on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
REPOBTB OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 389
the province. This work was of such magnitude that the result thereof Is
shown in resolution No. 16 of the board, dated November 25, 1906, in which
the bases of assessment believed by the board to be just and equitable are made
to appear. Consequently the provincial board of tax appeals decided that the
reassessment of all the property was of the greatest necessity, according to the
bases of assessment appearing in the resolution above referred to, with the pro-
viso that the board would not proceed to the reassessment of the lands and im-
provements of a municipality without first having heard its duly authorized
representative.
The principal reasons that impelled the board to proceed to the reassessment
of all the property declarations of the province, were :
(a) That the labors performed by the municipal boards of assessors, so far
as concerns uniformity, were absolutely useless, and
(5) That the municipal boards of assessors, in the majority, did not follow
their bases in assessing the lands and improvements of their respective
municipalities.
For example, one of the municipal boards of assessors fixed the value of
rice lands of the first class at ^250 per hectare, while the board of assessors
of an adjoining municipality fixed the value of the lands of the same class
and condition at ^15 per hectare. ' Moreover, of the twenty municipalities
which then composed the province, seven adopted excessively high valuations,
compared with the bases decided upon in 1903, and an equal number adopted
bases very much lower than those of 1903, while the remainder adopted very
low valuations for certain kinds of lands and too high for others, but in no
way uniform. After careful study the provincial board of tax appeals arrived
at the conclusion that it was possible to procure a Just and equitable assess-
ment by decreeing a certain general per cent of increase or decrease for a muni-
cipality, in view of erroneous classifications of the. various classes of lands
by the municipal boards of assessors; and that to follow the method of per-
centages, it would be necessary to decree a certain per cent of increase or
decrease for each class of lands. For the purpose of procuring a Just and
equitable assessment the board proceeded to frame a correct classification of
the various lands, and after having divided the municipalities into two groups
and the barrios of each into zones or classes, and determined the classification
in accordance with the more or less advantageous ^ituation, fertility of the
soil and facilities of transportation, fixed a fair price for each class of lands.
From the time of the organization of the provincial board of tax appeals,
and in compliance with instructions of the honorable executive secretary, the
municipal councils were notified to the effect that each of them should apix>lnt
a municipal representative to appear before said board. In accordance with
the foregoing, the municipal councils appointed such representatives, who
appeared on the respective dates assigned to each municipality.
Upon the appearance of said representatives, nearly all were in accord with
the bases of the board, although some made remarks of little importance.
Three of these representatives, those of Pagsanjan, San Pablo, and Luisiana,
protested on the ground that the valuations fixed by the provincial board of
tax appeals were excessive and constituted a heavy burden to the landowners
of their respective municipalities. The board called the attention of these
representatives to the fact that they were there to protect the interests of
the municipality and not of the landowner, since the latter had the oppor-
tunity, within their lawful rights, to protest against the assessments of the
board if they considered them excessive.
After having heard the municipal representatives the board ratified its action,
but in the belief that the bases framed by it, as appears in resolution No. 16,
were the most Just and equitable and, consequently, commenced the work of
reassessment of the property declarations, December 4, 1906, beginning with
the municipality of Panguil.
As soon as all the reassessments were finished the preparation of the cor-
responding rolls were proceeded with, and as a result of the same the entire
real estate of La Lagima appears assessed in the sum of W2,096,750, as will be
seen from the following statement : ^
•Omitted and on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
840
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PUBLIC INSTBUCTION.
As has already been explained in previous reports, the department of public
instruction has always been given special attention by the municipal and pro-
vincial authorities.
During the present fiscal year the average daily attendance in the public
schools established in the different municipalities of the province has been
from ten to twelve thousand children, under the direction of the division super-
intendent and of the teachers in charge of the schools.
A considerable numl)er of students also attend the high school, temporarily
established in the municipality of Pagsanjan.
It will be seen from the municipal balances mentioned on page 338 of this
re()ort, that the balance on hand in the municipal treasuries for schools is
^83,685.82, that is, an excess of ?^,037.43 over the balance on hand of
^53,648.39 at the end of the fiscal year 1906. The municipal balances in
Appendix B show the sum of ^1,871.20 to have been siient for schools in various
municipalities, a sum which alone was expended during the first semester of
the present fiscal year, for in the second semester there have been appropriated
greater sums by the municipalities for this purpose.
Within a short time work will also be commenced on the construction of the
high school situated In the capital of the province, for which the provincial
board has appropriated the sum of ^42,000, in addition to P8,000 for an indus-
trial school.
MANUFACTURES.
Copra serves as the raw material for the manufacture of oil. From 1,000
cocoanuts two jars of oil of 16 gantas each, or 48 liters, can be obtained, the
average price of which in the market is M.
In the following Itemized statement, the value of the sales made during the
fiscal 7ear ending June 30, 1907, is accurately shown :
Months.
1906.
July -
August -
Seotembcr
October —
November.- _
December
1907
January- .- - -
February -.
March __
April - -- _
May —
JuneL
Total
Value of
sales
realized.
^13.051.12
16.318.43
13.815.10
10.572.85
11.644.18
14.815.09
13,760.71
15.800.12
16.751.42
17,850.00
18,075.24
16.601.00
180.M5.20
Comparing the value of the manufacture of oil during the previous fiscal year
with that of the present year, as to sales, there appears an increase in the pres-
ent year of ?12,479.74, the sales for the previous year having amounted to
^168,465.52.
In the municipalities mentioned In the following table there are several cigar
factories whose sales during the present year were as follows :
Municipalities.
Clears manu-
factured.
Value of
sales.
BIflan -
100.706
14,000
11.750
20,800
62,250
40,000
yi.007.06
Cabuyao
145.00
Oalamba - -
117. 5d
Nmrrarlan - -- --------- --
208.00
Santa Cruz .....— - -- --- --
522.50
San Pablo
400.00
Total
240.006
2.400.00
REPORTS OF PBOVINGIAL QOVEBKOBS.
841
As in the manufacture of oil so also in that of cigars we have an excess in
the value of the sales, amounting to n,886.20 over the ^513^ to which the
same amounted in the last fiscal year.
In the following statement will also be seen the number of kilograms of to-
bacco used in the manufacture of cigarettes and the value of the sales made :
Municipalities.
KOofframs.
Value of
sales.
TO«nn
64G
189
2.081
51
49,100
106
8.286
182
188
88
80
^516.80
Oabuyao
151.20
Galamba
:: --------
1.664.80
Lob Bafios -
40 80
Naffcarlan
89.280.00
84.00
M^ ..::::.-:::.
:
Santa Cruz _____
6,628.80
Paffsanjan
129.60
San Pablo _ _
150.40
Santa Rosa
66.40
8lnno»n - - - - -
64.00
Total
60,971
4S.776.80
The above statement also shows an increase in the value of the sales made by
manufacturers of 1^45,281.65, as compared with that of the previous fiscal year
which amounted to only n,495.
There is now but one distillery which is in the municipality of Nagcarlan,
and, according to its last report, during the present fiscal year 46,513 liters of
vino were distilled.
There are many other factories of minor importance, such as rice, sugar cane,
etc., and the business transacted by them has already been shown in the state-
ment on page 336 of this report
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
The relations between the provincial and municipal authorities and the in-
habitants and residents of La Laguna are highly satisfactory.
Many of the inhabitants of the province are aflaiiated with the present polit-
ical parties and their committees on electoral propaganda.
By reason of the coming election for delegates, considerable activity is noted
in all the municipalities, and the candidates as well as their campaign man-
agers are working incessantly to secure the victory. For the first electoral
district the Partido Nacional Progresista presented Sefior Pedro Perlas, and
the Partido Nacionalista, Sefior Pedro A. Patemo. In the second electoral
district the Partido Nacional Progresista presented Sefior Higinio Benitez, and
the Partido Nacionalista, Sefior Crispin Oben.
In the meetings which are being held daily by both political parties, the
greatest prudence and harmony prevail, and it has been unnecessary for the
authorities to interfere in any of them.
Order and peace are becoming each day more secure, thus making the admin-
istrative work easier in this province.
PUBLIC HEALTH.
During the period covered by the report the sanitary condition of the province
could not have been better, no contagious disease having developed. The health
authorities give constant attention to the improvement of this department.
Respectfully submitted.
Juan Caill^s,
Oovemor of the Province of La Laguna,
The Govebnob-Genebal.
342 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Retort of the Governor of Lepanto-Bontoc.
Officb of the Governor, Province of Lepanto-Bontoc,
Cervantes, P. /., July 10, 1907.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my annual report *for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1907. During the greater part of the year I was absent
on leave In the United States, having only returned to duty on March 9. During
my absence the affairs of the province were ably administered by Capt. 0. E.
Nathorst, senior inspector of constabulary, acting as provincial governor.
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT.
The duties of officials in a province like this are manifold and various. In
the first place the territory is large, very mountainous, and exceedingly difficult
to travel over. The province with recent additions contains probably 15,000
square miles of territory. If there was a good trail from the extreme southern
to the extreme northern ends it would take one ten days to ride the distance,
perhaps more. About 140 miles of this distance is now covered by a good trail
and in time the remainder will be. This vast region contains anywhere from
100,000 to 150,000 people, embracing practically all stages of civilization. Con-
ditions in one section may be entirely different from those in another and re-
quire different form of government and different methods of handling the
people.
The governor must keep in touch with conditions over the entire region. He
has to be familiar with the workings of the 22 township governments, especially
those in his own subprovince, and exercise supervision in the other sub*
provinces. He is provincial sheriff and Justice of the peace, with Jurisdiction
over the entire territory, and must also have a full and complete knowledge
of the work of the provincial secretary-treasurer and supervisor. Formerly he
was division superintendent of schools, but was relieved of this duty on June 1,
1906. Aside from his office work, consisting. In addition to official correspond-
ence and reports, of hearing and settling innumerable complaints and Justice
of the peace cases that are brought to him, he has to spend a great deal of
time traveling over the province In order to become familiar with conditions
and to meet the people In their home towns, to settle disputes, to explain laws,
to encourage agricultural activity, etc. It is now possible to give more time
to this Important duty than formerly, due to the separation of the offices of
governor and division superintendent and the consequent relief from the heavy
office work which the latter position carries.
The work of the provincial secretary-treasurer has grown constantly heavier.
Formerly this official was assisted by an American chief clerk, but for the past
year and a half he has carried the work alone, having a greater part of the
time only three Filipino clerks and deputies. This number has recently been
Increased to five. He Is still In need, however, of a competent Filipino chief
clerk, an experienced man, capable of taking complete charge of the offices and
allowing the treasurer time to get out and make frequent trips over the prov-
ince. Such action Is the more Imperative in view of the recent appointment of
the 22 township treasurers as deputies of the provincial treasurer. These offi-
cials will require constant supervision, and although the work of collecting
taxes will devolve on them rather than on the office of the provincial treasurer,
the amount of traveling necessary to exercise proper supervision will not be
decreased. In view of the small salary paid and the reluctance of the central
authority to transfer a treasurer from a province like this to a better position
even after several years of satisfactory service, It appears that the Idea prevails
that the duties of the treasurer here are not considerable. If so, such idea \k
entirely erroneous. It has been my observation that the secretary-treasurer
here has more hard work and more responsibility than in the coast provinces.
He probably does not handle anything like as much money, but there is as much
work about it as if the amount were five times as great. We have a greater
number of townships than most other provinces have municipalities, and there
Is probably as much correspondence and paper work Incident to the handling
of their business as in the mimicipal organization.
It seems that this province is of sufficient size and importance and the
duties and resi)onsibllltles of the office of secretary-treasurer sufficiently great
to warrant making It more attractive as regards salary.
REPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVBBNOBB. 343
The position of supervisor lilLewlse carries witli it most arduous duties. This
is the only province in which that position is still carried separate and distinct
from other provincial officea In view of the extent of territory, much of it
without roads or trails of any sort, and the amount of work at hand to be per-
formed this seems a wise provision.
PUBLIC WOBKB.
During the past year the work of the supervisor has been chiefly the building
of the Cervantes-Tagudin trail, which, as was pointed out in my last year's
report, is the most important piece of work the province has as yet undertaken.
This road is designed to give the province an outlet to the coast for cart traffic.
The Spanish Government had undertaken a horse trail over the same route
and had completed it to the top of Malava Mountain, west of Cervantes, a dis-
tance of about 8 miles. The grade of this trail, which Is still in fairly good
condition, is prohibitive for cart traffic and will not be used. From the top
of the mountain to the town of Suyo, subprovlnce of Amburayan, a distance of
15 miles, a splendid trail has been built on a grade which nowhere exceeds 7
per cent This trail has been regarded by competent observers as the best piece
of location of -work in the Philippine Islands. It runs thrbugh a rough, thickly
timbered region, which made the preliminary survey as well as subsequent
work very difficult. The location work was done by Mr. A. W. Hora, formerly
general foreman. Although not an engineer, Mr. Hora has succeeded in running
a fairly uniform grade through the thickest undergrowth and around bald
clilfs, where a foothold was impossible, without once getting into difficulties,
losing a foot of ground, or making unnecessary switch backs. In Mr. Hora*s
resignation the province lost an efficient employee, who has rendered it valuable
services.
No work has been done as yet between Suyo and Tagudln, a distance of 8 or
9 miles, but that part can be traversed now with a horse, except in time of
very high water, so that the entire distance from Cervantes to Tagudln, or
about 32 miles, Is open for travel by horse and is being much used. When com-
pleted the trail will cross only two small streams, easily bridged, so that we
will have an outlet at any time of the year.
Up to July 1, 1907, this road has cost the province W8,541.11 and fifty-flve
Thousand seven hundred and ninety days of road-tax labor, an equivalent of
M.1,158 if it liad been paid for at the prevailing rate of 20 centavos per day.
The importance of the Tagudln road has been iK)lnted out in previous reports.
Although not yet completed, it is being constantly used by a large number of
people, merchants from the coast towns, as well as Igorots of the interior, and
it will become the most important highway in this section. So far insular aid
has not been solicited, although it is probable that in the work of widening
and metaling necessary to make a wagon road out of It Insular assistance will
be required. It is probably safe to say that nowhere in the Philippines has so
much been accomplished with so little money.
In this connection may be mentioned the request of the Lepanto Mining Com-
pany for a franchise to build an automobile road from the company's mines
in Mancayan to Bangar, La Union, utilizing a part of the Cen^antes-Tagudin
road, probably about 12 miles. There seems to be no reason why this company
should not be granted the privilege of using such road in return for the work
of widening and putting in condition for automobile traffic, which they would
do, but to grant them an absolute monopoly of all freight traffic over the road as
they request, seems little short of absurd. The Cervantes-Tagudin road should
be an open highway for the use of whatever person may desire to haul freight
over it.
In addition to the Cervantes-Tagudin road the sum of ^3,178.24 and eight
thousand two hundred and eighty days of road-tax labor have been expended
during the year in the repair of trails and other public work of the province.
The trails from Cervantes to Suyoc, Cervantes to Bon toe, and Bontoc to the
top of Mount Polls have been repaired and are in good condition. A bridge has
been built on the Cervantes-Bontoc trail to replace the one accidentally burned
by Igorots building a fire too close to it, and another bridge on the same trail
has been repaired. This work was done by Japanese carpenters, and the
bridges are a great improvement on those formerly in use.
The trail from Lubuagan to Balbalasan near the Abra boundary has been
further extended and improved, and work has been begun on a trail from
844 EEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Lubuagan to Lubo ou the Isabela side. If connections could be made with roads
in Abra and Isabela this Balbalasan-Lubo trail would become an important high-
way from the Ilocano Provinces to the Cagayan Valley. But unless the other
provinces build connecting trails or put existing trails in a passable condition
it will be useless for such purpose and will serve only local needs.
No other public work of any importance has been undertaken during the past
year. Roads that are projected for the coming year, in addition to continuance
of work on the Cervantes-Tagudin road, comprise a trail from Lubuagan to
Tabuc, capital of the new subprovince of Kalinga, and the building of our end
of the Suyoc-Baguio mountain trail, upon the Baguio end of which work is being
done by the province of Benguet. When completed this trail will afford a
shorter route to Baguio and consequently an easy all-land route to Manila.
SUBPBOVIXCE OF BONTOC.
There has been no change in the past year in the form of government or
methods of dealing with the very primitive people of Bontoc subprovince, but
the attitude of the people toward the government has grown constantly more
friendly until now there is but one town with which we are not on good terms.
This town, called Madecayan, inaccessibly located over on the Isabela border,
has shown hostility when expeditions have gone through it, but we expect to
have it won over in a short time, and by the same methods with which we have
won over other hostile towns; that is, by cultivating the leading men of the
town, giving presents, persistently refusing to fight them, until they see that the
government wishes to be friendly and will do them no harm. This could have
been done earlier had not the town been so inaccessibly located as to make
frequent trips impossible.
When one considers the conditions in this subprovince five years ago, it seems
remarkable that so much could have been done to secure order and peace among
a people so primitive and warlike. None of the towns of Bontoc subprovince
is now actually hostile to any other, although there is still some show of hos-
tility with ^owns across the Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya borders.
The establishment of a constabulary post at Mayaoyao, Isabela, and the send-
ing of frequent patrols from that place and Bontoc to meet at some intermedi-
ate point should do much to preserve order in that region. Such post has re-
cently been estiLblished and we hope within a short time to have the patrols
started. The chief difficulty is the lack of trails, but the people of Barlig, Lias,
and Cadaclan, through which the patrols would pass, have offered to build
trails for the protection thus afforded.
Conditions as regards peace are very favorable throughout Bontoc. Only one
murder was reported to the authorities during the past year and no case of
head taking. An accidental shooting, resulting in the death of a boy, occurred
in Tacucan. The weapon was a revolver which had been brought in by Igorota
who had been to the States.
The building of a rest house in the tofwn of Bontoc for visiting Igorots has
proven to be a fortunate move on the part of the government This building
is in constant use, and has resulted in bringing to the subcapital many more
people than formerly, and the consequent mingling of people from towns hitherto
hostile. The establishment of a government store and trading station for the
benefit of such people, as recommended in my last annual report, is now under
way and will no doubt be a success in furthering friendly relations between
the people and the government.
At the present time there is one organized township in Bontoc subprovince —
the township of Sagada, on the Lepanto-Bontoc border — the special township of
Bontoc consisting of 13 towns joined together in a semitownship organization
and 33 indeiJendent settlements each with Its own presidente. In the townships
of Sagada and Bontoc the cedula and road tax have been applied* but so far
no taxes have been collected in the other settlements, although many of them
have been called on to perform free road labor and have willingly responded.
It is hoped that during the next year the system of trails can be thus extended
in regions yet untouched.
Lieutenant-Governor Eckman has had notable success in dealing with his
people, and their Increasingly friendly attitude toward the government and
iheir willing compliance with orders is due largely to his efforts. His absence
in Manila at this time has prevented his submitting a special report.
REPOBTB OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 845
8UBPROYINCE OF AMBURAYAN.
This little-known region has received considerable importance by reason
of the addition to its territory of a strip of land along the border of I^ Union,
containing about 5,000 Inhabitants, which has been organized into three town-
ships, and by the addition of the municipality of Tagudin, which has been
made the capital. Act No. 1403 gave this province Jurisdiction over the
non-Christian inhabitants of that part of the province of La Union lying con-
tiguous to Amburayan, and the boundary has been established by act No. 1046,
which settles the question as to actual Jurisdiction that had arisen.
The addition of Tagudin, as pointed out in previous reports, affords the
province an outlet to the coast and furnishes a convenient intermediate point
in handling supplies, mail, etc., with an official of the province on the ground.
Officials had previously been occasioned much inconvenience and unnecessary
work and the government additional expense by the necessity of all supplies,
money, etc., coming via Candon or other ports in Ilocos Sur.
The move will result in as great good to the town of Tagudin by reason of
the increased trade it will receive.
The interior towns of Amburayan are In much the same condition as for-
merly except that they are enjoying rather more prosperity as the result of
the influence of Lieutenant-Governor Hale in encouraging increased agricul-
tural activity. The people are naturally law-abiding and peaceable, but not
very industrious, preferring to make little clearings in the mountains for their
necessary food supply rather than perform the more arduous labor of culti-
vating the valley rice lands.
EiXCludlug the Cervantes-Tagudln road, which passes through the subprovince,
Amburayan Is trailless except for the difficult Igorot trails. Before the appli-
cation of the road law the province needed the money at hand for road work
on more important work elsewhere, and since the road law has been in foroe
all the Amburayan labor has been used on the Cervantes-Tagudln road. An-
other year, however, will see the beginning of work on much-needed town-
ship trails.
Lieutenant-Governor Hale, who has been very successful, especially in look-
ing after the interests of his people, has submitted a report which is attached .
hereto.
SUBPROVINCE or KALINGA.
Little can be said as yet of this new territory, which has been added to the
province by act No. 1642. It is of considerable extent, probably 5,000 square
miles, and is inhabited by a very warlike people, addicted to head-hunting.
A part of the subprovince of Bontoc, the Saltan River Valley, and adjacent
territory inhabited by Kalingas has been included in the new subprovince, the
remainder having been formerly part of the provinces of Cagayan and Isabela.
A preliminary trip through the region lias Just been made by Lieutenant-
Governor Hale, who experienced no difficulty or serious opiK)Sition, and the
task of winning these people over to friendly relations with the government
will in all probability not be a difficult one if the proposition is rightly handled.
It is purely a one-man proposition. Lieutenant-Governor Hale, assisted by the
constabulary, will enter on his active duties in that region after the rainy
season.
GOVERNMENT BREEDING STATION.
The activities of the provincial government have not been wholly confined
to the preservation of peace and order among its constituents or to the building
of roads and other public works. It has been constantly trying to do those
things which tend to increase the economic welfare and happiness of the people.
It is not positive that such efforts are always appreciated by those for whom
they are undertaken, but the people will see in time the benefits if they do not
realize them now.
Chief among these efforts for furthering the prosperity of the people is that
looking to the improvement in the breed of stock. The province has maintained
a breeding station at Cervantes with an Arabian stallion loaned by the insular
government. Mares have been brought in for service from several townships
in Lepanto and also from Bontoc. In addition a pure-bred Berkshire boar
has been sent from town to town, remaining in each town as long as there was
any demand for his services.
This branch of work has been under the efficient charge of Mr. E. L. Worces-
ter, caretaker of public animals. It could be made of much more benefit to the
846 BEPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
stock raisers if the government could enter the business on a somewhat wider
scale and breed high-grade animals for sale to the people.
Effort is being made to educate the people as to the value of selection in
the breeding of stock, instead of following the method in use, which is re-
sponsible for the low grade of stock found here.
AOBICULTURE.
There is increasing activity in agriculture every year, as shown by area of
new land under cultivation. The people always raise enough to meet their
needs. There is no danger of famine in this province. The work of terracing
steep mountain sides, working them into semen teras, planting and harvesting,
all of which is done by hand, would furnish an object lesson to the people of
those provinces who complain that they can not grow rice on account of the
lack of work animals. Animals are little used, yet the i^eople have enough.
The Igorot rice crop this year is short in many sections, due to the ravages
of a worm called ** balalec," which appeared in large numbers. It is said that
seven years ago there was a similar scourge of this nature. The Igorot harvest
is in June and July, and that part of the province north of Cervantes follows
the Igorot custom in that particular, while the remainder of the province har-
vests in December. However, in some sections rice is raised in both seasons,
sometimes two crops being taken annually from the same piece of ground.
The people raise camotes in large quantities and also corn, beans, potatoes,
cabbages, and other vegetables, especially when the rice crop is short. Tobacco
and sugar cane are also raised, these products being wholly used locally. Con-
siderable coffee is grown, but the crop this year was short.
Cattle raising continues to be a most important industry, bringing into the
province from WO.OOO to W00,000 annually, and Is constantly growing. No
disease has as yet appeared among the cattle, but a good many carabao have
died in Amburayan, the disease probably having been introduced there from the
coast As pointed out, carabao are little used as work animals, and their dying
does not bring great hardship on the people.
' COMMRBCE AND INDUSTBY.
There is practically no commerce in a province like this. Cattle and coffee
are the only products shipped out, and the wants of the people are so very few
that the few small stores and traveling merchants easily supply them. At the
present time Cervantes has four small stores and Bontoc one, which cater
only to native trade. The one large store in Cer^-antes, which carried a wide
assortment of general merchandise, was closed out at sheriff's sale in the month
of February.
The Igorot people in different sections manufacture articles of common use
for sale or exchange with people of other towns. For example, the towns of
Vila and Data, in Lepanto, and Samoqui, in Bontoc, manufacture earthenware
vessels and pots, which they carry for sale to other towns. Ambayoan makes
baskets of rattan. The people of Bagnen and Besao quarry whetstones. Bal-
balasan furnishes axes for a wide region. Mainlt utilizes its salt springs and
collects salt by allowing the water to run over stones where the salt crystallzes
and is scraped off. Guinzadan makes blankets, Sabangan copper pipes, etc.
In these crude ways the primitive people of the mountains supply their own
and others wants. All they know they have themselves learned. Industrial
training in our schools will in time widen that knowledge, and as the needs of
the people increase with advance in civilization there will be at hand means to
meet those needs.
There are n*o rich people in the province. Some of them are well to do. In
every town there are a few Igorot "bucknongs" who own considerable prop-
erty in land and cattle. There are no indigent poor, except an occasional blind
person or cripple who is unable to work and has no relatives, and who lives by
the charity of his neighbors.
PUBLIC INSTBUCTION.
Schools for Igorot children have been maintained in nearly all the organized
townships of the province during the past year. These schools, in charge of
Filipino teachers without American supervising teachers, have not accom-
plished as much as they should have done, yet I believe them to have been well
worth while. If the children can be taught to read and write as well as simple
arithmetic, it will be a long step in advance. The people want schools and are
entitled to some return for the taxes they pay.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 847
«
Some of the township schools have been abandoned on account of the lack
of funda Those continued will have an American supervising teacher this year,
and will no doubt give better results. One object such schools serve is to sui)-
ply the central industrial schools with the brightest boys in a town who have
had a year or two in the township school, and therefore do not require the pre-
liminary instruction when they enter the industrial schools.
In addition to these schools, industrial schools have been maintained at Bon-
toe and Lubuagan, and one has Just been opened at Cervantes in the splendid
building erected for that purpose and recently completed.
The following statistical information is furnished by Acting Division Super-
intendent Travis.<»
The practice of allowing township secretary-treasurers to spend a part of
their time teaching school has been abandoned, due to the increase in their
duties by reason of appointment as deputies of the provincial treasurer. This
will result in closing some township schools where the funds are not sufficient
to employ a teacher, but effort will be made to get boys from such townships
for the industrial schools.
However, if these industrial schools are to accomplish the most good they
should be supplied with competent industrial teachers, or at least practical
men who understand working with tools. This has not been wholly the case
thus far, and much effort and money has been wasted. The department of
education has not given this province the attention it deserves in supplying it
with competent American teachers ; that is, teachers for industrial work.
FINANCES.
This province has never been self-supiiorting. Formerly an appropriation ol
WO.OOO from the insular government was required annually. This amount has
been reduced, however, due to Increase in provincial receipts, internal-revenue
refunds, and the application of the road-tax law. The appropriation for the
fiscal year Just ended was ^25,350, little more than half the amount formerly
required.
The following financial statement has l>een furnished by the provincial
treasurer :
Balance unappropriated funds on hand, July 1, 1906 ^2,996.44
Receipts, all sources 40,451.29
Appropriation act No. 1527 «5,350.00
Provincial share internal-revenue refunds 8,182.10
Internal-revenue ceduals 6,240.00
Registry of mining claims 356.00
Justices' fees 60. 63
Rents 250. 00
Cart tax 12. 50
Total deblts-i 43, 447. 73
Expenditures :
Salaries of officials and employees 25, 861. 56
Repairs and construction of buildings 638.71
Travel expenses and per dlems 2, 270. 55
Office supplies 1,604.92
Permanent equipment 603.10
Rentals for buildings 210.00
Court fees 192.00
Sheriffs' fees 203. 01
Feeding prisoners 1,140.22
Premiums on bonds 150.36
Postage: Mall and telegrams .395.20
Maintenance of public animals 899.30
Presents and seeds fund (provincial act 682) 514.81
Incidental expenses, miscellaneous, transporta-
tion, etc 409.38
Roads and bridges 5,154.88
Repair and construction Industrial schools 1,574.94
Subsistence pupils at industrial schools 1, 279. 99
Supplies for Industrial school work 344. 80
Total credits 43, 447. 73
« Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
348 REPORT, OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
The townships, with a few exceptions, are not in good condition financially.
Formerly all the taxes collected remained in the townships, but with the appli-
cation of the internal-revenue cedula tax the province retained half this tax for
Its use, leaving several townships short of funds. Under existing law the
internal-revenue refunds do not accrue to the townships as to municipalities In
other provinces, but form a township and settlement fund, to be used In such
manner as the provincial board, with the approval of the secretary of the in-
terior, may decide. It has been the policy to expend as much of this money
as i)ossibIe for public worlds of the greatest value to the people, such as roads,
bridges, ferries, school bouses, rest houses, etc. But It was necessary last year
to come to the relief of fourteen townships which did not have money enough
for current expenses, including maintenance of schools.
The following is a statement of the financial operations of the townships for
the calendar year 1906.«
Township revenues are derived chiefiy from the cedula and property taxes
and the cattle-registration fees. The property is similar to the land tax for-
merly collected In the Christian provinces, except that it includes personal prop-
erty as well as land and improvements. But there is a KOO exemption, any
person owning less than that amount of property paying no tax. The rate is
one-half of 1 per cent.
During the past year the news has been spread abroad over the province that
the laud tax had been suspended in the Christian provinces, atid humerous
petitions were made to have the property tax suspended here. The people
argue, with some show of reason, that their lands are smaller, that they are
poorer in every way than the people of the coast, and that there ought not to
be this discrimination against them. Of course they are right, but it has been
pointed out to them that the tax is small and works a hardship on no one, and
that It is needed for the support of the township govemmenta At the same
time it is not right to continue to collect this tax here and to exempt inhabitants
of the more prosi)erous coast provinces from payment of the same. If such
exemption is to continue it is recommended that it be applied also to the non-
Christian provinces, and that the township treasuries be reimbursed from in-
sular funds for the amount of revenue thus lost
The following amounts of property tax were collected during the year 1906.«
NATURAL BE80UBCE8.
All kinds of timber are found in abundance. In the foothills of Amburayan
and Lepanto there is much valuable hard wood and in the higher altitudes a
great deal of pine. No attempt has been made to exploit this timber commer-
cially as it is probably too inaccessible at present to be of commercial value.
A notable event during the past year has been the erection of a water-power
sawmill by the Episcopal Mission at Segada. This mill began oiierations in
July, but was compelled to suspend some months later owing to defects in ma-
chinery which have not yet been remedied. A planer and shingle mill have
been added, and when operations are resumed, the mill will, in addition to sup-
plying the needs of the Mission for which it was erected, afford the government
as well as private persons an opiwrtunity to purchase finished lumber.
This advance can be appreciated only by those who have exi^erienced the
difiiculty of getting building material under the old conditions.
The mineral resources of this province have been commented on often, yet
few persons realize the extent of the mineral wealth found here. There are
extensive copper deposits and also considerable gold in the Mancayan-Suyoc
region. Miners and prosi^ectors have appreciated this fact from the time of
the American occupation, as is evidenced by their covering the region with loca-
tion stakes. Up to date 290 claims have been recorded. Some of these claims
have been abandoned, and several prospectors have left the region, discouraged
no doubt by their failure to attract capital to develop the mines. But during
the past year mining interests have received an increased impetus by reason of
the formation of a company consistng chiefly of Manila business men to exploit
the mines. As a result 83 new claims have been recorded and the miners who
have stuck by their prospects in spite of discouragements and failure are
exceedingly hopeful for the future. The company proposes to enlist E2nglish
and American capital, erect a smelter and build an automobile road to the
^ OmltttMl and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 349
coast. It is a big proposition, but no one familiar with it doubts but that it
will yield enormous returns. The ore Is there, large quantities of it, and the
company already controls some excellent mines, including those so successfully
worked under Spanish r^ime. In all probability the next five years will see
a prosperous mining camp established in the Mancayan region.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
The health of the people in this province is generally good in spite of their
insanitary mode of living. The towns are generally built on a hillside and
naturally well drained, which probably accounts for the lack of disease. There
is a great deal of fever at certain times of the year. In the month of November
smallpox broke out in the township of Besao and about 90 persons died before
the epidemic could be checked. At that time there was no health inspector in
the province. Since the arrival of Doctor Crisologo in February an effort has
been made to vaccinate the people in the subprovinces of Lepanto and Ambu>
rayan, although the territory has not yet been entirely recovered.
A great many people in the Guinaang region and other parts of Bontoc sub-
province have died from a disease resembling cholera morbus, probably caused
by eating green rice.
The health of American residents has been generally good, although the only
American physician in the province, Doctor Johnston, connected with the
Episcopal Mission, has himself suffered a severe attack of amoebic dysentery,
the first case reported in the province.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
There are no politics in this province unless the little agitations over local
elections in Cervantes could be dignified by that name. Here as in many
municipalities there are two parties, those who are in power and those who
are not.
A most unfortunate circumstance for Cervantes was the death on July 4, 1906,
of the president, Sefior Sinforoso Bondad, its leading citizen. Sefior Bondad
was a man of unusual ability and strong influence for -good in the community.
He was governor of the province under the revolutionary government, but was
an ardent supporter of the American Government from the first and had ren-
dered it valuable service.
The refusal of the provincial board to approve the Cervantes councirs ap-
pointment of a man as vice-president, whom the board deemed unfit for the po-
sition, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Sefior Bondad, the former vice-
president having succeeded him as president, led to a majority of the council,
as well as the president, sending in their resignations to the governor-general,
together with a complaint against the provincial board. The resignations were
accepted and a new set of officials appointed. The coming election in December
promises to be interesting, as the oflicials who resigned will endeavor to be re-
elected, and are now working to that end.
Elections in the Igorot townships will be very quiet. It is the custom among
them for a man who has served as vice-president to be elected president at the
succeeding election, and this custom will be followed except in a few instances
where the present incumbent of the office of president will be reelected.
I can not conclude this reiwrt without commenting upon a notable incident of
the past year, the visit of the honorable governor-general to this province in
the month of May. This is the first time that the province has had that honor
since the establishment of the American Government, and the second time in its
history that it has been visited by the chief dignitary of the Islands, General
Weyler having penetrated as far as Bontac in the year 1888.
The govemor-generaVs party entered the province from Benguet, near Suyoc,
and left it at the top of Mount Polls, having spent nine days within Its borders.
It is hoped that the rigors of travel were not too great and the province was
found to be of sufficient interest to warrant an early repetition of this visit.
Respectfully submitted.
Wm. a. Reed,
Oovemor of the Province of Lepanto-Bontoc.
The Govebnob-Genebal.
350 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
R€port of the lieutenant-governor of Amburayan.
OtFICE of the LlEUTENANl>GrOVBBIV0B,
SUBPROVINCK OF AM BUB AY AN,
Tagudin, P, /., Jvly 9, 1907.
Sib: I have the honor to sabmlt my annual report for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1907. As my office is not a record office, I shall be obliged to confine
myself to general information and conditions.
Civil government was established in the subprovince of Amburayan about
four and a half years ago. Four years of this time I have spent with the peo-
ple of Amburayan. Tho inhabitants of the mountains are non-Christians or
Igorots.
GEITEBAL CONDITIONS.
Amburayan is generally mountainous. The amount of arable land is not
large; the people are in consequence generally poor and barely able to make a
living off of their small clearings and fields.
Principal crops grown are rice and sweet jwtatoes, A few caraboa, hordes,
and cattle are also raised, but at intervals many of these animals die off from
rinderpest.
During the past two months practically all the non-Christian inhabitants of
La Union province bordering Amburayan and numbering about 5,000 people
have been segregated from La Union and placed under our jurisdiction.
The municipality of Tagudin, formerly of Uocos Sur, has also been Joined to
Amburayan and made the capital. Tagudin has an Ilocano population of about
9,000 souls.
PUBLIC WOBK.
The taxpayers of Amburayan for the fiscal year Just closed, as well as the
preceding one, have jierformed their ten days of public work on the construction
of a road from Cervantes to Tagudin, somewhat to the neglect of their own
trails.
TOWNSHIP GOVEBNMENTS.
There are eight townships, each covering considerable territory and all work-
ing under sections 1 to 60 of act 1397. In some of the townships the people are
doing very well with their local governments ; in others they seem to take little
interest and have made but little advance.
I believe elections of township officials to be a mistake at this time. Seldom
is it that the candidate best fitted to fill the position is chosen. The successful
candidate generally proceeds at once to reimburse himself for the cafiaos he
has given by which he was enabled to succeed to the position. The office of
president Is the only place sought, while that of councilman is generally filled
by a very Inferior man indeed.
PUBLIC iSCHOOLS.
We have had for the past year an excellent attendance In the schools, of
which there were six. The school at Alllem has done especially well. The
schools In the outlying townships have not been very successful. Mr. Allen,
the supervising teacher, has worked hard with his schools, but has been re-
quired to cover entirely too much territory to do his school work justice. The
schools need Industrial work and constant supervision. Being hwated In sev-
eral townships covering a wide territory. It requires a trip of several days to
visit all the schools. It would be better. Instead of hiking the supervising
teacher up and down the mountains, to maintain only one or two central schools
devoted largely to Industrial work, thereby utilizing to the best advantage the
services of the American teacher.
The people have erected two comfortable school buildings at Alllem during
the past year. This township over two years ago gave for school purposes the
use of 8 or 10 acres of land for Industrial and agricultural purposes, realizing
the very great need for Industrial and agricultural work, but to date little has
been done along these lines. A beginning along industrial lines was made last
year, but so much of the time of the supervising teacher was taken up with
putl^ing township schools that he could not do Justice to his work.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 851
IICFBOVEMENTS.
The cultivated area has been Increased considerably during the past year.
Also the planting of fruit trees, especially cacao and cocoanut, has been en-
couraged with very favorable results.
TIMBEB.
There is a great deal of first group as well as timber of the inferior groups
in the mountains. The people are greatly handicapped in getting out timber
for their own use because of the absence of a forestry agent or some authorized
person to grant them the necessary permits or licenses. Arrangements should
be made whereby the people of the subprovince and near coast municipalities
dependent on Amburayan for timber can secure licenses within the province.
PUBLIC HEALTH.
The public health throughout the subprovince has been very good, and with
the exception of various forms of malaria there has been but little sickness.
There are some few lepers, most of whom are within the municipality of Tagu^
din. These we shall isolate until such time as they can be cared for by the
proper authorities.
Tagudin, the one large municipality we have just taken over from Ilocos Sur,
and the cabecera of Amburayan, we hope to make, with the assistance of the
people, a more sanitary and better town.
In conclusion, there seems to be among the people but two valid reasons for
complaint — first, that after faithful work on the Cervantes-Tagudin trail the
taxpayers of the respective townships should be allowed to work out their road
tax within their own townships and on their own trails ; second, that it is not
fair or Just that they should be compelled to pay a property or land tax while
the more favored inhabitants of the Christian provinces are exempt therefrom.
Without entering into a discussion of the merits of a property or land tax, of
which I am in favor, the fact remains that a discrimination has been made be-
tween the non-Christians and Christians in this matter which Is diflicult for
us to explain to the people.
Respectfully submitted.
W. F. Hale,
Lieutenant'Oovemor, Subprovince of Amburayan,
The Provincial Govebnob or Lepanto-Bontoc,
Cervantes, P. I,
Refobt of the Govebnob or Mindobo.
Office of the Govebnob, Pbovince of Mindobo,
Calapan, P. L, July 3, 1907.
Sib: In compliance with the provisions of section 6 (i) of act No. 1396 I
have the honor to submit the following report for the year ended June 30, 1907 :
The past year has been, beyond doubt, the most prosperous one in the his-
tory of Mindoro— an enormous crop of palay, a good crop of corn and camote,
and more garden truck grown than I have ever seen here before. Calapan, Naujan,
and Pinamalayan have shipped out more than 6,000 piculs of hemp, some 500,000
cocoanuts, several hundred sacks of copra, and numerous forest products. This
may appear as nothing to boast of, but when it is considered that it represents
an increase over former years of considerably over 50 per cent it means some-
thing for the future. Pinamalayan alone has planted 550,000 hemp, 45,534
cocoanuts, 1,192 cacao, and 1,083 coflfee plants, which is not at all bad for a
small town. Other towns have planted nearly as much, so it is only a question
of a very few years when Mindoro will be independent of the carabao or locusts.
The Philippine Products Company has established several trading stations in
the province within the past six months and I believe is doing a very good busi-
ness. They certainly have created a boom in the hemp and cocoanut trade and
given the poor man a market for his produce where he can get somewhere near
its value, and far oa$h.
352 REPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
One has but to see the weekly steamer leaving the pier here to have ample
proof of the prosperity of the people — ^almost as many passengers as bundles
of cargo. People do not travel without money. A large proportion of these
travelers are people who have never seen Manila and probably never dreamed
of so doing before. Many are bringing back wheels, carts, a carromata, or
some useful thing, but all bring back imowledge they did not have when
they -left here. Even if buncoed in Manila they learn something. Frame
houses are going up here and there, and many farms have been fenced and
permanently improved— all good, healthy signs.
While the farmer has been busy raking in the shekels, however, his local
township government has also been busy devising some means for getting those
shekels into the town ''strongbox" (?), and they have not been at all unsuc-
cessful. The following copy of a circular I recently sent out to the presidentes
will explain some of the means used (that several hundred pesos have been col-
lected Illegally and accounted for on the treasurer's books shows at least honest
intentions) :
" On a recent tour of the province it was brought to my attention that many
illegal taxes were being collected, such as market tax and 'matanza* (slaugh-
terhouse), where no market or slaughterhouse existed. While verbal orders
were given you to stop such collections at once and refund the amounts to the
rightful owners where practicable, it is deemed advisable to confirm those orders
and to warn you that any future collection of an illegal tax will be prosecuted
to the fullest extent of the law. By means of an ordinance you ask the provln- -
cial board to authorize certain taxes or fees which, if in compliance with law,
the board approves. This approval, however, does not mean that you will col-
lect a market tax if you have no market, ferry tolls if no ferry, etc. When
such an ordinance is approved, it is naturally assumed' that you have those
things, as it is assumed that a person obtaining a license to sell liquor is going
to sell same. The payment of a market or slaughterhouse tax is in the nature
of a fee for the privilege of displaying your wares in a public market or having
cattle for public consumption inspected and slaughtered in a public slaughter-
house, where a proper official pronounces it fit for public consumption. * If you
can not grant these privileges, you can not charge for them. Would you pay a
storekeeper for his wares if you did not get them? I think not unless you
wished to be considered insane.
" It was also found that nearly every township was collecting more than the
required peso for the branding and registration of large cattle. This is abso-
lutely illegal and must cease. The excuse was given that the extra tax was in
the nature of a stable or * cuadra ' fee. The one peso is to cover every expense
connected with the branding and registration, and there can be no extra charge
made, even if the * cuadra* existed, but I failed to find anything that looked
like a cuadra, or even a branding pen. The certificate of registration has
printed on its face a peso stamp. If more was to be collected it would say so.
In this connection it is apparently the prevailing idea in these islands that
government is a commercial concern and, like those concerns, doing business
for the money in it. On the contrary, the idea of government is to make its
collections and expenses only what is absolutely necessary for the welfare of
the people. A government is not judged by the balance in its treasury, but
by the contentment of the people governed. Society, as does the family, de-
mands some form of government for its own protection. The people form
that society, draw up laws for its government, and we, its officials and em-
ployees, are its paid servants for enforcing those laws. To meet the expenses
of the society, to pay its hired help, and construct works for the benefit of the
whole, it would be most impracticable to depend upon voluntary subscriptions,
or charity as it were, as it would be equally unjust to make every man pay
the same amount; hence we make a rule by which all pay according to their
means or vocations, charging fixed fees for certain privileges.
" You have been elected to the high and honorable office you hold, not to
make laws for that part of the society included in your township, but to uphold
and enforce them. You have been given some control of those laws by the
'veto power' (sec 18 'm,' act No. 1397). Use that power and protect your
people; do not sit idly by and see them paying for things they do not get or
paying more than their worth. This is not only your duty under your oath of
office, but should be your pride.
" Because the council has power to impose certain taxes it does not neces-
sarily follow that they should be imposed. Every town has taxed its dogs (the
voluntary act of the council), still, in spite of the fact that there are thousands
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS.
858
of worthless dogs, you do not collect much more thau the value of the paper and
ink used in drawing up the ordinance. Why have these ordinances if they are
not to be enforced? You are not required to have them, and it is far better to
have none than to waste your time and materials for show only, or as a means
for some one to get revenge for some personal grievance. Rejienl every ordi-
nance that is not enforced, nor Intended to be, and start a clean sheet, and do
not penalize every breath a man draws. One town collected ^5 in legitimate
taxes and 1^65 in fines during one month. This shows but one of two things,
that you have the worst lawbreaking community I know of, or there is an abuse
of authority ; circumstantial evidence is strongly in favor of the latter. As to
fines, I found that many had been imi)osed without the shadow of a trial.
Every accused must be confronted with the witnesses against him, hear the
charges, be allowed to cross-examine witnesses, and have his own witnesses.
Because a law imjioses a penalty, and you saw the accused do the deed, is no
reason for dispensing with the formal trial as provided by law. The law
imposes a penalty of a 5 peso fine for failure to make a declaration of property
by a given date, but this does not authorize the collection of the fine Just be-
cause you know the declaration was not filed. The accused may have been
prevented from so doing by some power beyond his control. If so, he Is Inno-
cent and mu8t be acquitted. Crimes and misdemeanors are voluntary acts, and
the law does not ask nor expect the impossible. Ignorance of the law Is
no excuse, but when the accused has attempted to comply therewith and
was prevented by some circumstance over which he had no control, then it was
not a voluntary act, and hence no crime.
" There is nothing in this circular intended to offend anyone. It is a plain
recital of facts I have seen, and I trust you will study it and do your utmost
to correct the evils complained of. It is only by having our attention called to
our failings that we can improve. ♦ ♦ ♦ ."
I can see but one remedy for this state of affairs, and that is the education
of the Filipino up to the point where he knows his rights and, by proper food,
he has acquired the physical and moral courage to defend them. Then, and
only then, will he get Justice from his own people. The greatest, if not the
only, enemy of the Filipino is his own ignorance, but this is a fault for which
he surely can not be blamed. He suffers from it, however, and far more than
we Americans can appreciate. Though many think or say to the contrary, he
does appreciate kindness and Justice, but it is something he so seldom comes
In contact with that, quite naturally, he does not understand it at first; but,
like any new work you set him to do, show him — may be several times — ^and
once he understands, his work will afford ample proof that he appreciates the
instruction.
AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE, AND INDUSTRY.
The following table, compiled from the reports of the presidentes, may be of
interest as showing what Mindoro is capable of and, to those most interested,
showing where it can best be obtained :
Crop and exports,
1906.
Calapan.
Naujan.
20,000
2,000
im
143.860
280
54
Pina-
malayan.
32,112
2,rm
Bula-
lacao.
Cala-
ya.«
Sabla-
yan.
Mam-
burao.
Lu-
banff.
Palay, cavans
Hemp, plculs
Copra
Coco a nut
22,722
2.700
115
101.414
236
16
62.390
335.420
611.000
22,600
3,470
22
2,600
10,000
e
25,423
72,ir.O
1,011
r>
lr^.660
90, t36
950,000
3,290
804
10.000
300
15,000
Gcxni cavans
12J>
170
Oacao cavans
li
NIpBshtog.
Vejuco
Dniman
Rajas
50,000
108,900
454.300
1,760
126,. \M>
• No report.
'*5 gant.
Edible roots, gabe. etc., are to lye found In every town and barrio, and all the
streams teem with fish, crabs, shrimp, and edible shellfish.
Several chapters on " The lack of industry " could be written, but it is ex-
tremely diflicult to make a respectable paragraph on " Industry." The laborers
employed at the three sawmills operating in the province are imported, as are
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7-
-23
864 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
nearly all the hemp strippers. Many of the women make sinamay, bapones
(sacks from the burl leaf), petates, and a very good fabric from the paudan
leaf, but mostly for home use; practically nothing for sale or export. With Just
a little industry the few thousand inhabitants of Mindoro should be wealthy,
but our good Lord has given them food in plenty without the necessity of " turn-
ing a hair " for it. He can work, and work well if properly handled, but he does
not love it, and seldom does it. He will stand in front of his burning shack
(after the beloved rooster has been removed) calling on all the saints he knows
of, but not a hand will he turn to help those saints save it.
MANUFACTURES AND NATURAL RESOURCES.
There are no manufactories of any kind in the province, but an American
has recently been here looking into the nipa business with a view to putting
in a plant for the manufacture of alcohol.
During the month of April last I crossed the island from Subaan to Mamburao
and Magaran to Bongabon, and if I ever did possess any patience with poverty
in Mindoro — I lost it on that trip. A plea of poverty or hunger on this island
should be taken as proof positive of vagrancy and punished without mercy.
On the northern trip we found excellent timber, bejuco, and other valuable
vines. We passed down for more than an hour through a canyon cut through
t>eautiful white marble, and found a few Americans not far from this coast
getting gold. I doubt if these were making expenses, but it is there, and I
l)elieve in plenty, a few miles above their camp. Where we found the marble
the country is hiardly accessible, but I believe the same vein runs to the vicinity
of Abra de Ylog; if so, it can easily be handled from there. It is certainly
worth looking into.
In th& food line we found edible roots, many kinds of greens, the streams
teeming with fish, all kinds of wild fruits, including grapes and raspberries.
The grape is much larger than our wild grape, but rather tasteless; the rasp-
berries are an excellent thirst quencher, but only compare with our own in
looks. After a meal made entirely of roots, fish, and fruits (including an excel-
lent salad, every ingredient of which was taken from the forest), water can
be had from a near-by vine, or something stronger from the buri tree.
On the southern trip — Magaran to Bongabon — we passed through an open
country, easily accessible to Mangarln Bay (an excellent harbor), which could
support 50,(XX) cattle the year round. There are many hundred wild cattle, cara-
bao, tamarao and deer. A man with patience could undoubtedly catch many of
these cattle and carabao by means of salt-licks, gradually fencing them in until
the animals would enter the open gate without suspicion.
On the banks of the Cayacyan River, an inland stream, we found an excel-
lent clay from which the Mangyans (there known as Batanganes) make a rather
pretty little pipe. (These same Batanganes are the far-famed " White Tribe,"
so white that charcoal would make anything but a black mark on them.)
FINANCES.
Financial statement,
ORXBRAL FUNDS.
Receipts, fiscal year 1907:
Insular government ^2?^.500.00
Internal-revenue fund 3,539.26
Other sources** 31,391.17
Balance on hand June 30, 190G 8,516.89
Total ^ 71,947.32
Expenditures :
Salaries and wages ^21.761.90
Transportation 7,810.23
Traveling expenses 999.63
Miscellaneous (including transfers to townships) __ 27. 799. 09
58, 370. 85
Balance on hand June 30. 1907 13,576.47
<* Includes ^24,248.60 ** Transfers to townshipa"
B£P0BT8 OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNOBS. 856
BOAD AND PUBLIC IMPROVEMRNT FUND.
Balance on hand June 30, 1906 . n3,320.00
Collections, fiscal year 1007 10,222.00
Total - 23,542.00
Expenditures :
Government building (new)-.. , __ __ 18,433.00
Bridges and pier 068.83
Vault door 234.05
19, C35. 88
rONUUKSMIONAL KKLICF VVSU.
Balance on hand ^^___ __ ^3.97
TOWNSHIP AND BKTTLEMBNT FUND.
Balance on hand June 30, 1000 . «,G87.08
Received, fiscal year 1907 _. 5,299.86
Total 7,087.84
Expenditures :
Bridges . ri, 725.00
Mangyan schools 250.21
Presidents Mangyans 24.00
Mamburao 1,000.00
2, in>9. 21
Balance on hand June 30, 11K)7 4,088.03
The provincial revenues, outside of any appropriations from insular funds,
amount to about «2,500 (fiscal year 1007, »,174.79), to collect which, exclud-
ing salaries, costs about F10,000 i)er annum. It is believed that half of this cost
could be saved were the province given a boat of its own, one like the boat
built for the province of Palawan. Not only would the saving be considerable,
but it would enable the provincial governor to spend days at remote barrios,
where he can now only remain a few hours, without piling up a tremendous bill.
The new provincial government building was completed on May 20 and all
offices transferred to it on that date. This building is made entirely from Min-
doro timber, is commodious, and cost but n8,433.
Plans have been completed for a new jail, the funds for same having been
acquired from the sale of the old jail to the bureau of education for shops, in
connection with the Industrial School completed last year. The bureau of edu-
cation has just completed a dormitory for girls at Calapan, at a cost, I believe,
of W,000.
The pier has paid for itself twice over by the amount of new business it has
created; produce coming and going has necessitated carts and carriages, and
they in turn have created interest in roads. Calapan shows prosperity on its
every street and barrio, nearly due, I believe, to the pier and the Philippines
Products Company, the only commercial concern in the province.
EDUCATION.
While progress has possibly been made at Calapan during the year, the other
towns, except Pinamalayan and Bulalacao (where American teachers were sta-
tioned), have been sadly neglected.
NONCHBISTIAN OB PAGAN TRIBES.
The Mangyans, or Bntanganes, found on the Rata n gnu, Cayacyan, and the
Bongabon rivers, are by far the most pro8|)erous i)eople, as a whole, in Mindoro.
They have their little farms and good cogon (grass) houses. We found pa lay,
cotton, tobacco, pineapples, bananas, pigs, chickens, and dogs; every stream had
numerous dams or traps for catching fish, but, unfortunately, every house was
deserted on our approach. In turning the bend of a river I ran Into four men
356 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
fishing; three of these ran, while the fourth got ready to use his bow and
arrow. I finally got them to come to me, gave them tobacco and cigarettes, and
tried my best to get them to help me out with the load I carried but " nothing
doing."
Several small settlements have been started on the west coast by Mr. Brown,
and great improvements have been made in the older settlements, except
Lalauigan. This place was abandoned early in the year and another of th9
same name started on the beach about a mile distant.
Shortly after the visit of Commissioner Worcester and party to this settle-
ment, last June, several of its people died from eating poisoned fish, but to
Ck)mmissioner Worcester's camera was attributed all the trouble. A large bon-
fire was built at one end of town and every living thing had to jump through the
flames on its way out to drive off the evil spirit. The president of the town
attributes their bad luck to the " Evil Eye " of a German scientist who accom-
panied Commissioner W^orcester. This gentleman, who had a birth scald or
mark over one eye, had a camera focused as is sighted a rifle, and his antics
while trying for a picture would tend to make an enlightened Christian some-
what nervous.
I hope to soon visit the Batauganes on the Bongabon River and induce them
to form settlements.
PUBLIC HEALTH.
The death rate among the ignorant natives is awful, and 75 per cent of it
is due to ignorance of the simplest rules of sanitation. But how can a people
be well, and bathe, wash clothing, and drink practically out of the same vessel ;
they wash either over or close alongside the well and all seeps back in. Then,
too, I do not believe their pigs when eaten are capable of supplying any real
healthy tissue. The pig in the Philippine Islands is a godsend, where the
modem sewer does not exist, but he can hardly be considered a delicate morsel
of food.
I recently gave Calapan a driven well outfit and I believe it is going to be
the means of saving many lives. The people are interested in It, and many
are buying an outfit for themselves. They are very cheap, pump point, 27 feet
galvanized iron pipe, couplings, and freight only cost K2.75, and can be driven
down by one man in less than a day. The provincial government has asked
for authority to purchase an outfit for every town and barrio in the province.
With good water the Filipino would be far healthier than he now is.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
Though politics is something I have warned these people against as the
plague, it is slowly creeping in. I have been informed by reliable persons that
the people in many of the barrios in southern Mindoro have been told that if
they Joined the Independent Catholic Church and voted for for the
Assembly they would have independence immediately. Few, if any, of those
same people know what independence means, but they will obey instructions
just the same.
It was no easy matter to find qualified persons for inspectors and clerks of
election in several of the townships, but all have their quota except Caluya,
where it was impossible, as every man but one who had the educational quali-
fication was holding public oflice.
BECOM MEND ATION S.
It is again urgently recommended that the so-called "private crimes" be
removed from the Penal Code. If the parents wont protect their girls the law
should. As justice of the peace I have sat hour after hour listening to unprint-
able evidence in these private cases only to see the father later pardon the
accused, either through fear or for a money consideration.
Only a few weeks ago the decency-loving people here saw an inhuman brute
convicted of raping his 11-year-old niece. He was sentenced to some seventeen
years in Bllibid, but hardly had he arrive<l at that institution when the inhuman
father pardoned him, and for a sum less than 1*100. That the law will allow
such a thing is disgraceful to our boasted American civilization. And why can
not this same law be taken advantage of for blackmail — and I do not doubt bat
what it is. Many an innocent man will pay several times a hundred pesos
rather than be hauled into court on such a charge.
feifipofeTS OF i>rovinotat^ governors. 857
I also renew the recommendutlon that the government provide food and shel-
ter for witnesses summoned before the courts In criminal cases, and that* the
jurisdiction of the Justices of the peace in special provinces be extended to In-
clude oflfensos where the maximum i)enalty does not exceed two years.
It is difficult to see what advantages the provinces derive from being compelled
to purchase through the purchasing agent. I can duplicate almost every article
purchased from that bureau for from 10 to 20 per cent cheaper and often save
much valuabe time. The 10 per cent over and above cost and freight would
help keep In repair several roads or bridges. It is recommended that the pro-
vincial governments be authorized to purchase wherever a saving can be made,
the purchase, as now, to be approved by the executive secretary.
Respectfully submitted.
II. S. Offley,
Captain, 30th U, H. Infantry/, Governor of Mindoro,
The OovBRNOB- General.
Report of the Governor of Mtsamis.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Mtsamis,
Cagayan, P, /., July 10, 1907.
Sib: Pursuant to the provisions of act No. 1044 and In conformity with the
circular letter of May 8, 1907, I have the honor to submit the following annual
report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907:
agriculture.
Abaca. — ^Abaca, the most Important of the products of this province, which suf-
fered much during the drought of last year, as ref)orted In my first annual report,
dated July 20, 1906, suffered still more during the first months of the fiscal year
Just ended, with an estimated loss of about ^^00,000, according to reports
received, though fortunately this has not been general, but affected only two
or three pueblos, where the abaca plantations, which had been withered by the
drought, were burned. Since that time the plantations have been recovering,
owing to the shortness of the dry season this year, and it Is hoped that If It
continues thus without any further setback the financial condition of the pueb-
los will improve. But while we have this hope on the one hand, on the other
we have the discouraging falling of the price of this article during these latter
months. Though it Is true that only the inferior classes of abaca were affected,
yet this depreciation was attended by the aggravating circumstance of a
decreased demand.
In these calamitous times the people have devoted themselves with greater
zeal to the cultivation of abaca and cocoanuts, for which It is not so nece^ary
to use work animals, which continue to be decimated by disease.
An industrious young man of Mambajao, Camaguin Island, has invented a
hemp-strlpplng machine which, to Judge from the good results obtained from the
tests made with It, will possibly solve the great problem of machine hemp
stripping which so many are attempting. The apparatus Is easily transported
from place to place, and by its use almost twice as much of the product Is
utilized as with the ordinary hemp knife. The inventor is studying how he
can Improve and perfect the machine.
Copra, — This is, beyond a shadow of doubt, the article that will constitute, in
the course of time, the second. If not the first, of the resources of the province.
Its production Is dally Increasing, for of the trees planted In 1901 and 1902
there is a dally Increasing number coming Into fruit, and as the cultivation of
that product has become more important since that time, encouraged by the
continual rise in the price of copra, the little work and attention needed for Its
care, the great areas of land not cultivated with corn or rice owing to the
lack of carabao, etc., we shall have a sufficient copra crop at the end of another
eight years or more to bring general prosperity to the Inhabitants of the
province. Even now cocoanuts are the principal resource of many of the
pueblos which have no abaca, and have been the stay of the people In their
time of dire want.
858 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
During the fiscal year 74,423 piculs of copra were exported, at an average
prlc^ of W, amounting to ^95,384.
During the same year the i)roduct of 70,800 cocoanut trees was lost, owing to
the ravages of the locusts, which devour the leaves, thus preventing the trees
from bearing for a year.<»
Rice. — The crop of this cereal was ordinary. All the pueblos of the province
cultivate rice to a greater or less extent. The annually recurring mortality
of carabao Is the cause of the decrease In the area of land planted in rice and
only about one-half the usual crop was planted Inst season. This yielded
00,307 cavan^ The crop would have been larger had the locusts not niipeared
and destroyed 50 per cent of the crops of Misamis and Jimenez and greater
or less portions of those of other pueblos, with an estimated total loss of 37,1>40
cavans.
Maize, — ^The two harvests of the year yielded 74,300 cavans. This figure
shows the decadence of agriculture, so far as this cereal Is concerned, which
is due to the lack of work animals and the damage caused by locusts, the loss
thus suffered being estimated at something like 30,700 cavans. The cultivation
of much maize land has been abandoned for the first of the reasons mentioned
above and has been planted In cocoanut trees.
Sugar, — ^As I said In my first report, sugar cultivation Is insignificant, as
there are only two sugar-cane planters In the province, and their product is not
exported, but is exclusively for local consumption.
Tobacco, — I have the same to say with reference to the Importance of tobacco
cultivation. There are tobacco plantations In many of the pueblos, but they
are small, though the tobacco of Medina (barrio of Tallsayan) and that of
Malltbog (a rancherla) Is of superior quality. There were In this capital
twenty-five years ago several tobacco factories, established by natives who
exported their output to Cebu and other provinces.
Cacao, — The same may also be said of cacao, since, as a general rule, the
crops are sulHclent for local consumption only. It Is only In the years of
more abundant crops that the merchants can send out any quantity of Im-
portance.
Coffee, — This article Is grown by the non-Chrlstlan hill tribes. From their
settlements comes all the coffee exported from this province. They bring it
down in small quantities and sell It to the merchants. It Is of superior quality.
In order to encourage a more extensive cultivation of tobacco, cacao, and
coffee It Is necessary to diffuse modern methods of cultivation and care and of
preserving them from the attacks of Insects.
Maguey, — ^The few seedlings furnished by the bureau of agriculture and dis-
tributed among some of the agriculturists are developing under good care.
There Is a great desire on the part of these agriculturists to cultivate this plant
on an extensive scale In the near future, employing vast tracts of land not
adapted to the cultivation of other plants, with the assurance that they will
receive rich returns therefrom. At the request of these agriculturists I ad-
dressed a letter to the director of agriculture under date of January 28, 1907,
from which the following Is an excerpt:
" I Improve this opportunity to inform you that the cultivation of maguey
In these pueblos is not exclusively a matter of experiment, and this is the opin-
ion of the agriculturists here, who are very eager to undertake works of
Importance In connection with this cultivation, since there are extensive tracts
of land here which, owing to the quality of the soil, can not be utilized for
abaca, cocoanut trees, and maize, but are perfectly adapted to the cultivation
of maguey, the only difficulty being the lack of seedlings. They therefore,
through me, petition the government and the bureau under your worthy direc-
tion that we be furnished the seedlings In large quantities, promising — and
I do so In their behalf — to reimburse the government for expense of acquiring
the seedlings abroad. This Is the best proof to convince you that much hope
is placed In the cultivation of maguey for the amelioration of the financial
condition of these pueblos and shows the Interest displayed by the local agri-
culturists; and as the government, through the said bureau. Is with laudable
zeal endeavoring to Improve the agriculture of the coimtry, I trust that the
request of these agriculturists, that they be sent maguey seedlings in large
quantities, will meet with solicitous attention."
<>A table showing the number of cocoanut trees classified as bearing trees,
trees from 2 to 6 years old, and trees 1 year old has been omitted and Is on
file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
BEPORTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 859
Tubers, — The kinds of tubers cultivated are those called ube, gabe, camote,
palao, and apale. At times when cereals are scarce they serve as a good means
of subsistence.
Fruits, — We have great banana groves which take the place of corn and rice
when these cereals are lacking. Mangoes and lanzones are harvested annually.
Of this latter fruit there are many trees in the forests of Quinuguitan (Tali-
sayan). Mangoes do not receive the same care here as in Luzon and Cebu,
where, by the employment of certain methods, the trees are made to bear
fruit several times during the year. Here they usually bear only once a year.
There are many other fruits, but they do not constitute an important factor of
commerce.
Locusts. — ^These continue to visit the pueblos alternately, and are a constant
scourge to the agriculturist It is believed that they breed in forests and places
very remote from inhabited localities, since all the hopping locusts are ex-
terminated, 2,259 cavans of them having been killed during the year. No
method of exterminating flying locusts has yet been discovered; the most
that can be done is to frighten them away by explosions. One pueblo, having
no gunpowder for this purpose, made use of matchheads.
COMMERCE.
The commerce of this province consists in the exportation of abaca, copra,
and other products and the importation of rice from Luzon and from foreign
countries, and of the various foreign articles of merchandise.
The trade in the principal products is largely confined to the houses of the
Compaiila Tabacalera and Smith, Bell & Co. Chinese and other foreigners
and a very few natives also deal in local produce.
The exportation of abaca and copra during the fiscal year was as follows:
Pueblos.
Abaca.
PietUs,
Balingasag- _._ _ 4,500
Oagayan _ : .-.' 19,185
Inltao --.- - - - , 700
Jimenez- ' 8,500
LansraraD .._ _ _ 5,600
Hambajao. -. _ : 26,000
MiBamIs - - 9,180
Oroquleta „ 14,896
Tagoloan _ _.. l 5,740
Talteayan -._ 14.040
Total- - - -.- _._ ! 108,901
I
Copra.
PicuU.
2,000
18,640
6,200
4,720
5,400
15,600
7.500
4,048
4.n6
6.700
74.4
The exportation of coffee, cacao, alm&ciga, and other products is of little im-
portance, and there has been no exi>ortation of lumber.
It has not been possible to secure data relative to the importation of rice,
cloth, kerosene, and other foreign goods. Rice sold at from ^5.50 to ^6; but
in the last few days it was quoted as high as ^.50.
The maize of the last crop was quoted as high as K a cavan.
ECONOMIC CONDITION.
The calamities which agriculture, the sole source of wealth of the province,
suffered during the last fiscal year, have had considerable influence on the
economic conditions of Misamis during the present year, and the crops of the
latter, which were of the average class, have been unable to remedy the situa-
tion. While the production of abacd improved relatively at the beginning of
the year 1907, after having recovered from the disastrous effects of the drought
of 1906, there was, on the other hand, a lack of demand and therefore a con-
siderable decrease in the price of the inferior classes, of which there is an
abundance, they being quoted as low as m the plcul during the last months
of 1900-7.
360
REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
FINANCES.
As to finances, the province Is a little more prosperous now than during
the preceding fiscal year, so far as provincial funds are concerned, which is
demonstrated by the following tables showing the movements of funds for the
last three years :
Receipts.
Disburse-
ments.
19W-5.
Qeneral fund ..
rT>7.725.»7
1*53, 433.. 37
Road fund __
3,836.86
im-t-a.
Balance.
Qeneral fund > _ ' 45,670.23 , SQ.OOS.&I
Road fund ..._ I 16,534.10 | 5,678.80
1906-7. I ;
Qeneral fund _ _ _ ' 61,060.77 61,.324.50
Road fund _ | 16,311.63 I 295.80
r'4.292.60
10,219.78
6,661.12
10,835.30
9,736.18
16.015.83
The receipts and disbursements for lOOG-7 are made up of the following
items :
General fund. Road fund.
REOKIPTS.
Balance on hand July 1, 1906
Register of deeds _ _
Land tax __
Oart tax
Oedulas.
Internal revenues _
Reimbursement by insular treasury _
Reimbursement by insular tronsury (In Itou of land tax).
Sale of supplies to municipalities
Exchange of money
Sundry coUeotions -
TotaL-
DIBIU'RSKMENTR.
Salaries.. :.
Repair of buildings
Transferred to school fund.
Exchange of money.-
Sundry expenses
Roads and bridges
Total.
^6,661.42
80.50
2,540.29
17,885.00
19,100.85
8,792.24
7,862.00
1.816.70
189.61
1,232.16
61,060.77
18.703.45
387.45
5,000.00
189.62
27,094.07
^10,885.30
1,297.33
196.00
16,311.63
293.80
.=)1,324.59 ,
Status of other funds.
Congressional relief fund :
Balance on hand on July 1, liKXi
Expended for extermination of locusts.
Balance oh hand July 1, 1007
W22.91
54. 23
468.68
School building fund :
Balance on hand July 1, 100C_-
Transf erred from general fund-
Balance on hand July 1, 11K)7 .
207.00
r>. 000. 00
5, 207. 00
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 861
Non-Christian tribes fund:
Balance on hand on July 1, 1906 «,355.62
Cattle registration 200. (X)
Internal revenues 3,978.60
5,534.22
Paid to agents for branding cattle 66.72
Balance on hand July 3, 1907 5,467.50
Municipal funds:
Balance on hand July 1, 1906 .3,395.02
Receipts —
Land tax 5, 080. 62
Cart tax 198.00
Water rent 737.25
Fishery privileges 1,664.49
Cattle registration 1,504.00
Revenues and profits 7,054.99
Municipal licenses 7,436.62
Fines 3, 467. 44
Sale of estrays 99.91
Cemetery fees 225.75
Donations for schools 191.50
Cedulas 17. 83.5. 00
Licenses under act 1189 9, 186. 50
Opium smokers' certificates 020.00
Internal revenues 22,370.37
Reimbursement from insular treasury for land tax 15, 720.50
Sundry collections 578.40
Total _---_ 93, 971. 34
Paid to the municipalities 89,107.49-
Balance on hand July 1, 1907 4,803.85
The new assessment has been made with equity, without prejudice to the
interests of either the landowners or the government. The following is the
result : »
I believe that this important source of revenue will still further improve the
financial condition of this province during the half of the new fiscal year when
It will be collected.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION,
Education is prospering. The same as in all parts of the Archipelago, the
boys and girls here not only understand that the first step in life toward indi-
vidual and collective happiness is education; but also find a stimulus in the
excellent American system of Instruction, the good results whereof are shown by
the rapidity of the progress made by the students, the majority of whom now
speak English with fluency.
The number of boys and girls matriculated during the fiscal year was 5,741,
with an average monthly attendance of 80 i)er cent. On March 31, 1907, the
teaching force consisted of 158 teachers, as follows: 84 municipal teachers, 51
aspirants, 7 native insular teachers, and 15 Americans. The maximum salary
of the municipal teachers is ?30, the minimum WO. There are 1 high, 2 inter-
mediate, and 61 primary schools. In the course of the year 2 schoolhouses have
been built at Jimenez, 1 at Oroquleta, 3 at Langaran, and 1 at Cagayan. The
two at Jimenez and the one at Cagayan were built with volunteer labor and
donations from the inhabitants.
The construction of a permanent high school building at Cagayan, and of
an intermediate school building at Mambajao are in prospect. The estimated
cost of the former is W2,000, one-half of which is covered by the 1^8,000 from
the Congressional relief fund appropriated by the Commission and a like sum
recently set aside for this puri)ose from the funds appropriated by act No. 1580.
by the secretary of public instruction. As to the other half, the provincial
« Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
362 BEPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
board has already appropriated W,000, and the balance of P11,000 is to be
covered by means of a public subscription which has already been opened in
all the pueblos, with the approval of the governor-general. The building at
Mambajao is to cost ^20,000; one-half of this sum is covered by the appro-
priations made by act No. 1580, and the other will be raised by public subscrip-
tion among the inhabitants of the municipality of Mambajao.
The status of the school funds was as follows at the end of the fiscal year :
Balance on hand on January 1, 1006 W, 720.83
Received during the year 22,600.53
Total 32,321.36
Disbursed during the year 31,484.42
Balance on hand on January 1, 1007 836.94
INDUSTRIES.
The industrial condition of the province has not changed. The existing
Industries are on a small scale, the most important among them being the prep-
aration of abacd and copra for the market. Others are the manufacture of
alcohol from tuba, salt-making, pottery, the making of rattan chairs and of
other furniture, boat building, the weaving of sinamay, the making of mats,
sacks of matting, native hats, baskets, etc., and fishing, the rest being of minor
importance.
FACTORIES.
There is no establishment which can be properly called a factory. There Is
a barrio In the provincial capital where pots are made in every house, and every
resident who has land bathed by the waters of the sea is a salt manufacturer
on a small scale.
NATURAL WEALTH.
As to natural wealth, this province must be mentioned among the first of
the archipelago ; but this wealth is not exploited.
Timber of several classes, inferior to none for construction purposes, for the
manufacture of furniture, and cabinet-making, abounds in the immense virgin
forests.
There is also an abundance of bamboo of several kinds, which is of great
utility for the construction of houses, fish weirs, fences, etc.
There are many medicinal, oleaginous, textile, dye, and tanning plants and
an abundance of resins of all sorts.
The soil is rich in minerals. The existence of gold, platinum, iron, copper,
mercury, aluminum, and other minerals has been confirmed, but so far there
have not been any miners who have been satisfied with the result of their work.
In addition to the 34 mining claims registered in previous years, 9 have been
registered recently.
NONCHRISTIAN TRIBES.
The mountains are inhabited by non-Christian tribes known as Bukldnon,
Manob6, and Suban-on or Subanos. The Bnkidnon live in the mountains of
Cagayan, Initao, Tagoloan, Balingasag, Talisayan, and Qingoog; the Manob6
in the forests and the hilly country of the interior, and the Suban-on on Mount
Malindang, above the pueblos of the Misamis-Langaran range, in the western
imrt of this province.
As stated in previous reports, the Bukldnon are docile, submissive, and intel-
ligent; a large portion of them already have notions of civilization. The few
Manob6 living within the boundaries of this province have no organization,
they being the most savage of all. The Suban-on are also of la docile char-
acter, but are less advanced than the Bukldnon.
The following rancherfas or settlements of the Bukldnon are organized under
act No. 1397.«
Many of the Bukldnon tribes are still living in the woods and lead a savage
life, and it costs a great deal of work to attract them to civilization ; but little
by little they are beginning to see the intentions of the government in taking
« Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Departmrat.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 363
steps for their organization under the act aforementioned, and I am already iu
receipt of commnnications from Gingoog and Balingasag reporting the pre=
sentation of a goodly lAimber of these people who have declared their willing-
ness to comply with the instructions which they will receive. They will soon
be organiased into settlements.
The Suban-on of the mountains of Misamis, Jimenez, and Oroquieta have, as
a result of my work, just organized settlements, named Sllangit, Guba, Sinote,
Manaol, and Bunga, and will organize others later on.
As shown elsewhere in this report, the non-Christian tribes fund now amounts
to ^5,467.50. The employment of this fund will be made the subject of careful
study by the provincial board.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
up to the present writing there is no organized political party in this
province.
The municipal elections of last December passed off with the best of order,
no animosity being displayed. Only one protest was filed, that against the
election at Initao, which was declared null and void by the provincial board,
there having been deficiencies that were considered detrimental to the true
expression of the will of the people. The new election held in the municipality
mentioned, after having also been annulled, for the reason that it was held
under the municipal code at a time when the election law was already in force,
was declared valid by virtue of an act recently passed by the Commission.
I hope that on the occasion of the coming election of delegates for the Philip-
pine Assembly the voting public will display greater interest in order that the
most capable men may be elected, and that the right of suffrage will be exer-
cised in a worthy manner.
Great efforts are made in the 10 municipalities to assure strict compliance
with the provisions of the election law. Mambejao is the only one of the 10
municipalities which Is divided into two election precincta
The former municipality of Gingoog, which was annexed to the municipality
of Talisayan when the fusion of the pueblos took place, will be reorganized as
a municipality on the 10th of next August, by virtue of a recent act of the
Commission.
Complete tranquillity prevails throughout the province. The outlaw Baludong
is still at large, and his whereabouts are not known, notwithstanding the many
efforts made to discover it. It is believed that he has gone to another province ;
but the efforts to capture him still continue.
The notorious agitator Jos6 Rosales, who caused the late disturbance in
this province, is at present at the provincial capital, having recently arrived
ftrom Manila. •
PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
No epidemic diseases are reported, but intermittent fever ranks first among
the causes of death.
The lepers constitute a menace to the public health in the pueblos, as they
continue to live in their respective dwellings, without being isolated, for the
reason that the municipalities, being short of funds, can not defray the expense
incidental to their isolation. The municipality of Mambajao has been luckier
than the rest, the lepers there having recently been gathered by the director
of health. The inhabitants of Mambajao are very grateful for this signal favor.
Cattle diseases (rinderpest, septicemia, glanders, and surra) still prevail in
several of the pueblos. Rinderpest has carried off over 200 carabao and 30
head of neat cattle, and the surra about 400 horses; but these figures are in-
complete, as returns have not yet been received from some of the pueblos.
The existing sanitary regulations are complied with in all the towns.
BECOM MEND ATION S.
1. It is earnestly requested that the lepers be gathered in all the pueblos of
this province, the same as has been done at Mambajao, and transferred to the
island of Culion, for the reason that they constitute a grave danger to the public
health.
2. In view of the unfavorable results of the fusion of the offices of fiscal of
Surigao and Misamis, which latter province pays the larger share of the ex-
864 . BEiPOBT OP THE PJaiLiPPINE COMMISSION.
penses of the fiscal, though this officer does not have his residence in It, it Is
recommended that the laws in the premises be amended in the sense that the
province of Misamis again have a fiscal of its own. •
3. Upon the suggestion of several municipalities it is recommended that Dr.
Francisco Xavier, the health officer of this district, return soon, his presence
being very necessary in this place, where he has rendered excellent services.
Respectfully submitted.
Afolinab Velez,
Oovemor of the Province of Miaamis.
The Govebnob-General.
Report of the Governor of the Moro Province.
Office of the Governor, Moro Province,
Zamhoanga, September 10, 1907,
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report as governor of the
Moro Province for the year ended June 30, 1907. The tabulated statements
showing the financial condition of the province are taken from the report of
the treasurer.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS.
365
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REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Table giving clansifiraiion of municipal rcvcnves as tak^cn from the accounts
of district treasurers, and shown by districts.
Zamboanga.
Sum.
Cotabato.
Lanao.
T^09.65
1.218.00
4,J»28.01
13,888.12
9,757.43
Davao.
Total.
Fisheries
ri5.oo
812.00
3,454.11
10.428.55
1,248.43
2,123.78
1,034.45
96.83
242.50
1,195.00
671.00
1^124.65
Cattle registration
Rents and profits
n58.00
11,100.61
17,039.85
1.851.41
F^4.00
1,694.27
10,727.00
7,273.11
465.24
^•2. 567.00
2,963.67
5,060.51
6,554.37
487.70
982.47
.50
1,122.50
40.00
5,029.00
24,130.67
Licenses...
Fines
57,172.08
25,6&«.78
Lineal frontage
3,066.72
Latrine. . _« _«__
1,996.92
1,193.80
Refunds
1,099.47
1.814.80
1.080.00
Internal revenue, municipal.
Opium users* certificates
Street cleaning
1,516.06
76.00
1,012.. 50
585.00
5.722.30
2.925.00
571.00
Sale of estray animals ..
38.20
38.20
Total
31.124.14
21,219.65
22,008.66
31,&50.!;i
18,718.72
127,658.07
statement showing the drpoHtts and icithdrawals of funds nnt vlaHHvd us pro-
vincial revenue for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901,
Congres-
sional relief
funds. •
r21,405.47
2,9!K>.60
Subsidies,
Sultan of
Sulu.
Anchors
and
buoys.
.^rrastre.
Extra
services.
customs
employees.
Balance July 1, 1903.
n. 680.90
n, 573.58
3.024.50
Deposits -
f»15,062.50
r408.75
Total
21.101.07
15,062.50
15,062.50
4.680.00
4,508.17
408.75
Withdrawals
Disbursements . . ._
23,461.00
3l«2'
4.677.28
2,100.00
408.75
Balance June 30. 1!X)7
940.07
2,408.17
4,508.17
15,002.50
Total
24, 101.07
4,680.90
408.75
Statement showing customs recciptn for the fiscal year liW), 1005, 1906, and
1907 and cost of collection as against receipts.
Amount of Cost of
collections, collecting.
Comparative statement tihoiring per cent of increase and decrease in customs
revenues, by ports, for the fimal yearn 1906 and 1907.
Port.
Zamboanga _ Pl7S.77rt.8'?
Jolo... - I:i4.2rt2.:«>
Bongao 2,913.57
Jurats -— 2.>>S.or;
SItanki.-.- I 200.32
Increase. Decrease.
I
f*200,
IfW
,519.32
.8ir,.no
R<><.5:i
.8«).84
,375.61
Percent.^ Percent.
12.2
22
r... ih'A
28.7
134 '
BEPOBTS OP PHOVINCIAIi GOVEBNOBS.
371
Staietnent of exports as shown by records of collectors of customs for the fiscal
year's 1906 and 1907.
Port.
1906.
1907.
Increase
(percent).
T2S9 538 00
r398.790.00
188,707,00
53 33
Jolo _
142,533!00
28 8
Total
402,071.00
582.497.00
Statement showing the general revenues and withdrawals for general provincial
purposes for the fiscal year ended June SO, 1907.
Dr.
On hand July 1, 1906 __ _ ^51,054.40
ProYincial reyeoaea _ 121,954.03
CuatomB revenuea 368, 912. 90
Refunded by Inaular treasurer 07,696.42
Repaymenta by appropriation 11,750.66
Exchangea of currency 20.92
MlacellaneouB refunds ,, 69. 70
Cr.
651, 459. 03
Withdrawals from approprlatlouH 591,792.93
Balance on hand June 30, 1907 59,666.10
651,^50.^3
Statement of expendable property issued to the various departments during
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907,
ExecutWe r4, 849. 23
Treasury 3,616. 68
Education 234.71
Justice 280.20
Public works and supply . 46.68
9, 027. 50
Statement showing cost of maintaining the various departments of the govern-
ment of the Moro Province as against the revenues for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1907.
[Coat of expendable supplies furnished each department is included In these figures.]
Per cent.
Bxecutlye 12. 8
Treasury 10. 2
Education 17. 7
Justice 6. 4
Commerce 4. 8
Agriculture 1. 8
Health 1. 1
Launches 2. 2
Public Works and Supply salaries and miscellaneouH 4.5
Public works and maintenance 24.8
Customs 8. 4
Statement showing increase or decrease of provincial revenues^ fiscal years
1906 and 1907.
Class. 1006.
ProYincial collections P204,630.12
Ooatoms collections 318,301.10
Total ' 522,927.22
1907.
Increase.
P221.436.76
370,275.20
501,711.95
P16.900.63
ill. 884. 10
68,784.73
Per cent of
increase.
8.26
16.2
872
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Statement showing halance available for appropriation on July 1, 1907, after
deducting outstanding obligations.
Cb.
Balance on hand June 30, 1907 M7, 781. 62
Unexpended balances to be returned by disbursing officers 29, 157! 17
Internal revenue due from Insular government 24.546.32
June collections not yet deposited 5,562. 11
Total- r 127, 047.22
Dr.
Amount due insular government, customs expenditures 88,041.49
Other outstanding obligations 21,670.01
Balance i^ favor Moro Province 17.435.72
Total 127, 047. 22
Statement of financial condition of the Moro Province June 30, 1901.
[This statement Includes all funds in the hands of disbursing officers and all collections
undei)osited.]
Cr.
Balaifce on hand June 30, 1907 P67. 781. 62
Unexpended balances to be returned 29,157.17
Unexpended balances, public works 2,529.32
Collections undeposited 5, Q62. 11
Internal revenue due from insular government 24,546.32
Total 129, 576. 54
Dr.
Amount due Insular government, customs expenditures 88,041.49
Other outstanding obligations 21,570.01
Balance in favor Moro Province 19,965.04
Total 129. 576. 54
Statement showing receipts and disbursements and balance remaining on hand
of municipalities of the Moro Province, fiscal year 1907.
Municipality.
On hand Received
July 1 , I during flscal
1006. j year 1907.
Zamboanga 1^4,
Jolo 1,
Siasi !
Davao j 1,
Caraga
Cateel
Bagauga.
Moti -.- 1,
Cotabato ' 1,
Parang 1,
Iligan 6,
Dapftan 6,
Malabang 1,
031.02
474.15
153.17
075.77
441.49
35.85
779.18
273.69
a>4.20
886.92
117.41
759.00
582.28
1^36,691.74
19,1£2.24
2,100.91
11,021.40
1,790.45
1,466.85
3,035.03
1,376.00
8.181.34
15,198.37
13,11M.70
14,747.17
5,387.03
Total.
1P-40.723.fl6
20,596.39
2,2.>4.06
12,007.17
2,240.94
1,. 502. 50
3.814.21
2,649.60
10.035.54
17.08.I.29
18,312.11
21.506.17
6.960.31
Disbursed I Balance on
fiscal year hand June
1007. 30, 1907.
^85,801.71
17,620.00
1,081.43
10,748.80
1,109.83
1,004.99
1,328.34
2,0.)8.30
7,069.09
15.433.40
10.914.70
11,602.52
4,207.01
^4,831.05
2,075.49
322.65
1,348.37
1,151.11
407.51
2,485.87
591.30
2,045.5.5
l,a51.80
7,307.41
9,003.65
2,672 r
Total.
t*'4O.723.06
20,506.39
2.254.08
12,097.17
2,240.94
1.502.50
3.814.21
2,649.09
10.03.5.54
17.085.29
18.312.11
21,506.17
6,969.81
The treasurer's report s]^ows a gratifying Increase in receipts, the flscal year
closing with sufficient cash in the Treasury to cover all outstanding liabilities
and leaving a balance on band.
The organic law of the province has been modified by act No. 1631 of the Com-
mission, under which the legislative council may by resolution abolish the
ofllce of district treasurer in any district where the duties thereof are to be
lierformed by the provincial treasurer, and may reestablish said office when It
shall deem such action expedient. In accordance with this law the legislative
council by its resolution of June 25, 1907. abolished the office of district treas-
urer of Zamtmanga, resulting in an annual savhig of ^,920 to the province.
The customs receipts show a healthy Increase and exports a large increase.
The maintenance of the subports of entry in this province continues to be for
it a losing investment. The subport of Bongao showed a decrease in revenue
of 76.2 per cent during the year, and was ordered closed on September 1, by the
REP0BT8 OF PBOVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 373
gorernment in Manila. Sitaulci is developing a good trade in dried fish. During
the year a light wharf and warehouse were constructed by the local merchants
and the South Philippines Steamship Company for handling this article and
other products of the sea. It is possible tliat this port may become a paying
one in the future.
It is l)elieved that great l>enefit would accrue to the province if the port of
Davao nvere opened, as requested by the legislative council under date of
October 24, 1906. At present the government of the province is getting practi-
cally no benefit from the hemp exported from the province and from imports
used in the district of Davao. Earnest efforts will be made to handle as much
of this trade as can be secured by legitimate methods through ports in the
Moro Province.
The payment of collectors of customs and all expenses connected with the
administration of the customs service in the Moro Province should he made
directly by the treasurer of the Moro Province. The present method involves
a deposit with the insular treasurer to the credit of the various collectors of
customs and the disbursement of this amount by the collectors in person. The
method is cumbersome and involves unnecessary work for the collectors of
customs and a division of property responsibility which results in loss to the
Moro Province, since property for the customs service hitherto purchased with
provincial funds has been taken up by collectors on their property returns as
insular property. A modification of the method of handling the property has
already been approved by the insular collector of customs, and in future all
purchases of supplies, both expendable and nonexpendable, for custom-houses
in the Moro Province will be made by the engineer of the province and the
articles issued to collectors of customs on memorandum receipt, the provincial
engineer being accountable an4 rendering returns for the articles so issued.
The act of the Philippine Commission organizing the government of the Moro
Province set apart for its financial support the customs revenue actually col-
lected at its ports of entry. It is manifestly a matter of growing interest to
various persons that importations demanded by the growing wealth and in-
dustry of the province should be entered at other ports of the islands and
transshipped hither. It is of eqtial manifest interest — more, it is of vital im-
portance— to the provincial government that the largest part possible of these
importations be entered at provincial ports and pay duty here. In order to
perform even a small part of the work devolving upon it, the government must
not only do everything i)ossible to protect its existing revenue, but also to in-
crease it. Measures taken for this purpose are sure to prove obnoxious to some
interests which have no responsibilities connected with the administration of
this government. We have had to work hard for our revenue and must con-
tinue to do so until some other method of financial support is devised.
PUBLIC WORKS.
The expenditures in this department during the year and the objects on which
expended are shown in the statements under the heading *' Finance." For the
current year ^110,050 have been appropriated for new work on public buildings,
roads, trails, wharves, custom-houses, etc.; W6,221 for maintenance, and
W0,000 for supplies.
The steady policy of the provincial government has been to do the most tliat
it can with its revenues and to keep out of debt. As the annual appropriations
are made in advance of receipt of the revenue, the new works can be imdertaken,
in the order of their assumed imi^ortance, only as sufficient money therefor, lias
accumulated.
The policy of keeping out of debt is in the abstract a sound one, but some-
times the incurring of debt Is good business. The provincial government during
the past year wished to borrow ^500,000 to be expended in much-needed public
works and to be secured by the customs receipts. Even with no increase in
our revenue this debt could be extinguished In a comparatively short term of
years. But these works would at once greatly increase the revenues of the
province, still further shortening the period of the debt and increasing the
security. It will be years before they can be undertaken through the ordinary
increase in the revenue. It was found, however, that there was no power under
the law to obtain the loan in the way proposed an^ the Idea had to be aban-
doned.
During the past year the most Important work under way was the new
provincial building. At the close of the yeur this was 95 per cent completed.
374 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
and that part of it is assigned to the treasury department has been occupied.
At the date of writing this rei)ort the building is completed and occupied by the
various branches of the government and by the court^of first instance.
The allotment from the Congressional relief fund for work on the Illgan-
Lake Lanao road having become exhausted in November, liKX$, the work was
turned over to the Quartermaster*s Department, United States Army, by whom
it has t>een continued since that date. This road is now in excellent cdbdition
and has given no trouble during the year. Bridges on the Camp Overton- 1 ligan
road have all been completed excepting that over the Iligan River.
The roads in the \icinity of Zamboanga have been maintained in fair con-
dition, although the original light character of the construction is now beginning
to show up and extensive repairs will l>e needed during the coming year. A
46-foot reenforced concrete arch bridge has been constructed during the past
year at Putig on the Mercedes road at a cost of less than W,000, proving con-
clusively that this style of construction, if supervised by a competent man, is
practically no more expensiA'e than a wooden bridge of like dimensions and
strength, and when the question of durability is considered the comparative
advantages of the concrete steel construction are most evident Only one-half
mile of new road has been constructed during the year on account of lack of
funds.
The various municipalities have done more or less municipal work during the
year. In Jolo the curbs and gutters have been completed, and it is hoped that
arrangements can be made to connect with the water and sewerage systems
installed by the military authorities in Jolo. In Davao the streets have been
graded, ditched, and partly metaled, and a strong and durable market with
galvanized-iron roof and hard-wood luirlgues has been constructed, largely by
voluntary contributions of labor and material. In Parang the streets have
been graded, ditched, and metaled, an excellent bridge constructed across
the Nituan River, a road thereto built from the town, and a schoolhouse con-
structed, partly with municipal and partly with provincial funds. In Zambo-
anga a large amount of street work has been done, involving curbs, a small
amount of sidewalk* and also metaling of the streets. A municipal market of
steel with concrete flooring has been ordered, the material received, and con-
struction started.
During the coming year it is hoped that the amount of road work done may
l>e largely increased, as more funds will be available, not only from current
revenues, but a large amount of lalM>r and money should be available under
the new road law of the province.
EDUCATION.
During the greater part of the year the provincial governor has been ex-offlclo
superintendent of schools; the work of administration has been actually per-
formed by Mr. Charles R. Cameron, the assistant superintendent, to whom the
entire credit for this administration is due. Mr. Cameron has, since the close
of the fiscal year, been appointed superintendent of schools, under authority
granted by the Philippine Commission in its act No. 1673. The following data
are taken from his report.
During the year there was an average of 21 American teachers on duty in
the Moro Province. Of this number 4 were engaged in advance or industrial
instruction, 3 were deputy superintendents engaged partly in the work of
supervision, 7 were engaged in primary Instruction of Moros, and 7 in primary
instruction of Filipinos.
During the year there was an average of 65 native teachers on duty — 43
men and 22 women. Fifty-six were Christian Filipinos and 9 were Moros.
Of the 56 Christian Filipinos, 2 gave instruction exclusively in Siianish, and
54 in English. Of the 9 Moro teachers, 4 gave instruction exclusively in Moro
and 5 in English. Of the 59 native teachers who gave instruction in English,
43 had received a grade of instruction equaling or exceeding the primary
course. As regards ability to teach, 23 were able to teach the primary course
in its entirety, while 3 of this number could teach Grade V. The current
school year will see a rapid increase In attainments and ability to teach, owing
to the apiN>intment of graduates and students of the Zamboanga provincial
school, and it is ho\yed in a few years more to eliminate from the service prac-
tically all native teachers who are unable to teach the entire primary course.
The assistant superintendent reiwrts :
IltiPORTS 01* PROVIKCIAL GOVERNORS. 375
" In commimities where Moros predouiiuate and Moro sentiment is strong,
Clirlstian Filipinos are unable to act as teachers. Moros qualified to be
teachers are as yet few in number, and consequently it is often necessary to
assign Americans to the Moro schools. This explains the fact that the same
number of American teachers is engaged in the Filipino and Moro^ primary
schools, although the enrollment of the former is six times that of the latter.
"The remoter districts of this province, through their backwardness and
their isolation during part of the year, olTer considerable hardships to the
American teachers. Some of the latter have been stationed in Moro settlements
where food and even good shelter have been difficult to obtain. In spite of all
these trials, however, the American teachers, with scarcely an exception, have
fjerforraed their tasks with the greatest fidelity. At the beginning of the current
school year the legislative council authorized two additional American teachers,
class 8, and, therefore, although a smaller number will be employed during
the current year the rate of pay will be higher. It is hoped that the future
will see a steady increase in the pay of the American teachers. In that way
as the increasing efficiency of the native force makes possible a gradual re*
duction in the number of American teachers the liberal promotion of the latter
will enable the province to obtain and hold the very best school men available."
The average monthly salary of native men teachers employed last year was
M7.32 and that of native women teachers K6.13. These figures may be com-
pared with the compensation received by municipal teachers In the bureau of
education during the school year 1905-6, which averaged F18.01 for the men
and W7.e2 for the women. Recently the legislative council has authorized the
employment of 10 additional native teachers, and when these new ix>sitions are
filled it is probable that in no province outside of the city of Manila will native
teachers be so well paid as in the Moro Province.
During the school year 58 schools were in operation In the province. Of
this number, 55 were primary, 2 purely industrial, and the remaining 1 the
provincial school of Zamboanga. Three schools were discontinued during the
year— 1 at Bongao, district of Sulu; 1 at Caraga, district of Davao, and the
girls' school at Dapltan, subdlstrlct of Dapltan. The first was closed on account
of economic conditions, which caused the emigration from Bongao of a large
part of the Moro inhabitants. The other two were closed on account of lack of
support on the part of the i)eople. On the other hand, however, 3 new schools
were established — 1 at Boston, district of Davao ; 1 at Santa Filomena, district
of Lanao, and 1 at Parang, district of Sulu.
Night schools were maintained during the year In Zamboanga, Jolo, Illgan,
and Davao. These schools are not considered to be an essential feature of our
educational system, and from motives of economy have been discontinued.
Two vacation normal schools for native teachers were held during the year.
One normal school was held during the mouths of January and February, dur-
ing which months the native schools not under charge of American teachers
were given a vacation on account of harvest time. The other was held during
the regular long vacation In the months of April and May. In both of these
normals the greatest emphasis was laid upon Industrial work. During the
morning session the ordinary subjects were taught, but the afternoon was de-
voted solely to Industrial work.
Closely related to the work of the vacation normal schools Is that of the
Saturday class for native teachers, held In Zamboanga each year from July to
December. All native teachers stationed within a radius of 5 miles are re-
quired to attend and receive Instruction from the American teachers detailed
therein. This class also offers an excellent opix)rtunlty for explanation of all
questions of school policy and management which may arise during the year,
and thus In a way compensates for the lack of supervision. In respect to the
difficulties attending school Inspection and sui)ervision the assistant sui)erin-
tendent reports as follows:
"The 55 primary schools of this province minister to the needs of 28,766
square miles — one school to each 523 square miles. From the school of Boston,
district of Davao, to that of Siasl, in the district of Sulu, is a journey of 750
miles, while a complete inspection of provincial schools necessitates about
3,000 miles of travel. From these figures will readily be apparent the enonpous
difficulties attending school Inspection and supervision In the Moro Province.
Up to the present year most of the supervision has been carried on from this
office, but the insufficiency of such Inspection is obvious. The increasing effi-
ciency of the native teachhig force and the corresponding reduction in the num-
376 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSlOlT.
ber of American teachers engaged in primary worik makes it financially possible
to assign a certain number of American teachers to the work of supervision.
Such action is rendered feasible by the fact that most of the primary schools
of the province are grouped within a radius of 50 or 100 miles from certain
centers. The entire province has therefore been divided into the supervising
districts of Zamboanga, Jolo, Iligan, Cotabato, Davao, and Baganga, and the
coming school year will see supervisors at work in three or four districts. Su-
I)ervisors are expected to make the rounds of their districts once a month and re-
main from three days to a week in each school. It is hoped eventually to place
sui>ervising teachers in all these districts, with possibly an additional district
in Dapitan. The legislative council has recently made provision for the commu-
tation of transportation in the case of suijervisiug teachers who furnish their
own horses, and such commutation has bc^n granted to one supervisor/'
On September 1, 1906, a new primary course of instruction was issued for the
schools of this province, providing for four years of primary study and laying
great emphasis upon industrial work. Upon this new course of instruction the
assistant superintendent reports as follows:'
" Considering this kind of education from a practical standpoint, we find that
certain conditions are essential to the best results.
" (a) The work prescribed should be simple, so as to require the minimum
outlay for tools and at the same time provide the maximum amount of manual
training, (b) The work should be suited to the locality in which it is taught;
that is, it should be either a standard local industry which can advantageously
be taught to the children, or some new industry which it is feasible and desir-
able to introduce, (c) The materials should be cheap, or, better still, obtainable
by the children themselves, (d) The produce should be useful, salable if
iwssible, and (e) should be artistic, so as to develop to the highest degree the*
artistic sense of the pupil.
" The industrial work prescribed in the new course was planned having in
mind the foregoing considerations. Stick laying, slat plaiting, paper folding,
block building, and other kindergarten occupations, the materials for which
can usually be provided by the teacher, are prescribed for the first grade.
Second-grade pupils take up the weaving of hats and mats and other articles
from pandan and burl. One or the other of these materials can usually be
obtained by the pupils themselves. Furthermore, the hat and mat industries,
though of the greatest practical utility, are little practiced by the Christian Fili-
pinos of this province. By the use of colors and patterns, this weaving gives
the pupil an opiwrtunity to develop his artistic sense. In the first and second
grades the boys and girls work together. In the third and fourth grades, how-
ever, the work of the sexes is separated, the boys taking up rattan working
and the girls needlework. Both of these branches of industry conform very
closely to the reciulsites enumerated above. During the intermediate course
the girls continue needlework, while the boys si^end one hour each day In
carpentry.
" Great difficulties have attended the Introduction of industrial work in our
primary schools. Principal among these has been the unfamiliarity of the
teachers themselves with industrial instruction. This defect, however, has been
partly overcome by careful training In the normal schools and by occasional
rigid inspections of work done. As a result, practically every child attending
the public schools during the past year has received a certain amount of In-
struction In industrial work. A little consideration will show the great economic
value of even a limited amount of such training. For example, considerable
emphasis has been laid upon the fabrication of the common hat woven from
burl leaves, which retails for 25 centavos. The materials arc usually obtained
by the children and cost nothing. If each child enrolled in our primary schools
last year had made a single hat of this kind, the economic saving to the com-
munity would have been M, 257.50 during the lifetime of a hat, which is cer-
tainly not more than a year. If we assume that there are in this province
80,000 (Christian Filipinos of the male sex, and that all, or at least one member
of each family, has acquired the ability to make a hat, then the economic
saving of a generally disseminated knowledge of hat making would be about
1^,500 i>er annum."
Ihiring the year, 3,454 male and 1,940 female pupils were enrolled in the
public schools, with an average dally attendance of 1,887 male and 1,081 female
pupils. The total enrollment was, therefore, 5,3iW, with an average dally at-
tendance of 2,968. This shows an increase over last year of 27 iHjr cent in
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVEBKORS. 877 ,
^rollment and .47 per cent in attendance. The figures for each year since the
organization of the Moro Province are as follows :
School year.
Total en-
rollment
for year.
Average
daily at-
tendance.
IWJM-
2.114
3.617
4,235
5.394
1,682
2,083
i90*-r)
1906-« _
2,081
2.M8
1906-7
" The total enrollment of 5,3d4 for 100&-7 includes 4.414 Christian Filipinos,
783 Moros. 165 pagans, and 22 Americans. Reclconing about 60,000 Christian
Filipinos In the province, there are 12,000 children of school age, one-third of
which, or 4,000, should be in school at one time, according to the standard fixed
in the bureau of education. It therefore appears that so far as the Christian
Filipinos are concerned our enrollment has alrefldy passed this limit. How-
ever, it may be maintained that as our primary course has been lengthened to
four years the per cent of children in school at one time should also be raised,
the pur]x>se being to give every child in the community an opportunity to com-
plete the primary course while of school age. Considering, then, that this-
course may be pursued at any time between the sixth and sixteenth years — a
Iierlod of ten years — A of 12,000, or 4,800 children, should be in school at one
time. Even from this calculation our enrollment falls less than 400 short of
the required number. It is necessary to consider in this connection, however,
that an unusually large proportion of the Christian population of this province
live in the country and in detached hamlets which it is not practicable to reach
with schools.
" The density of population of the archipelago is 67 inhabitants to the square
mile. The density of the Moro Province alone Is 15 to the square mile. It is
not at present practicable to support a school In any barrio where school pop-
ulation falls below 40 — that Is, a barrio having a population of 200 — ^the aver-
age attendance in the primary schools of the north for 1905-6 having been over
100. We learn from the census reports that but 7 per cent of the Christian
l>opulation of the north live in barrios of less than 200 population, while in the
subdistrict of Dapitan, Moro Province, 30 per cent of the Christians live in
barrios falling below this limit. Although the census reports give no definite
information covering the whole province, it is probable that, on the average,
20 per cent of our Christian population live in barrios of less than 200 inhab-
itants. There are, then, living beyond the reach of the schools of the province
13 per cent more of the Christian population — ^1,560 children of school age —
than live under similar conditions in the north. Here practically every Chris-
tian'barrio of sufBcient size is already provided with a school, and we may
therefore conclude that so far as the Christian population is concerned our
school system at present covers practically the whole field with all necessary
thoroughness.
" We find conditions far different, however, when we consider the Moro and
iwgan peoples. The Moro Province has about 50,000 Moro children and 28,000
pagan children of school age. Twenty thousand Moro children and 11,200 pagan
children should therefore be in school at one time, yet last year's enrollment
shows but 703 Moros and 165 pagans. This enormous discrepancy between
the proi)ortion of Christian and non-Christian children enrolled is due to
various reasons aside from the greater natural friendliness of the Christians
toward our schools. One fact which has greatly influenced patronage of the
schools is that the Christian population, although exceedingly scattered as
compared with the north, is nevertheless vastly more compact than the non-
Christian population. The former, being composed almost wholly of immi-
grants who have settled around Spanish or American garrisons, is centered near
the seaports or along the coast in places easy of access. The necessity for self-
defense has made these settlements comparatively few. On the other hand, the
nomadic -pagan tribe wander over the vast interior territory, forming few vil-
lages, and these, at best, have a constantly shifting population. Pagan villages
of sufficient size to support a school are therefore practically nonexistent. The
few pagan children enrolled are members of families who have been attracted
to already existing settlements by the more stable conditions of life. In the
possibility of such attraction lies the hope of the future. Migratory habits
.378 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMI^ION.
are induced largely by the quest for food and the absence of vested property
interests, the latter due to a feeling of insecurity. If adequate protection for
property and an unfailing menus of livelihood be provided, the primary cause
of nomadic habits among our pagan trit)es will have been removed. The nec-
essary conditions seeiA to be fulfilled in the agricultural settlements which have
been formed amid the wild tribes dwelling around the Gulf of Davao. Here we
find villages of considerable size growing up on the hemp and cocoanut planta-
tions which have been established so extensively in the Davao country since the
American occupation. I^bor on the plantation furnishes a never-failing means
of gaining a livelihood, while property which may be accumulated is perfectly
l>rotected.
" In a word, certain progress in civilization must be made before the schools,
as* ordinarily understood, can begin effective work. As a preparatory step the
wild man must establish communal relations and learn to be an orderly and
useful member of society, however crude that society may be. Then and only
then can the schools begin their task: of individual and social development.
" The Moros, who inhabit both the interior and the seacoast, break very
slowly with their ancient migratory habits, and their villages, though quite nu-
merous, lack permanence. Precisely the same measures which will counteract
these conditions among the pagans are applicable to the Moro communities.
*' It appears, then, that the solution of the non-Christian problem lies iii the
greatest possible encouragement of the agriculture, manufacturing, and com-
merce of the Moro and pagan |)eoples. The development of these branches of
industry will induce community life and the accumulation of property — con-
ditions themselves highly civilizing as well as essential to the establishment of
schools."
In his report to the governor the assistant superintendent of schools strikes
the keynote of the situation in his remarks upon the immediate purpose of our
system of education in the primary schools of the Moro Province :
*' It is essential for the Filipino child to know how to live, not in the highly
organized society of America or Euroiie, but here in his own native land, sur-
rounded by more primitive conditions. And if this is the true puriiose of edu-
cation it would be foolish for us to imi)Ofie upon the great mass of the Filipino
I)eoples an education calculated to fit them for life under conditions which do
not obtain in their native land and which, even under the most favorable cir-
cumstances, can not obtain there for generations to come. It is, indeed, a
legitimate purpose of education to stimulate healthy, natural growth to the ut-
most. We are therefore justified in teaching in the schools concepts a step in
advance of existing conditions, that our pupils may be fitted to lend in the
national development. But no step in the orderly development of national life
can be slighted or omitted. The foundations must be well and firmly laid if
we wish to raise an enduring superstructure.
" We have then to consider what is the next step to be taken in the orderly
development of the people of this province. Few will gainsay the assertion that
no considerable progress in culture or in any phase of national life can take
place without the practical basis of material prosperity. And material pros-
I)erity in the Moro Province means agricultural and Industrial expansion. The
Immediate puri)08e of education in our primary schools should be, then, to lay
the solid foundations of prosi)erity by stimulating our agricultural and Indus-
trial development ; that Is. every primary school of our system, though includ-
ing the ordinary subjects in Its curriculum, should lay emphasis u|x>n Indus-
trial or agricultural training. This does not mean, however, that opportunity
should not be given to all who so desire to educate themselves for professional
careers. It merly determines the kind of instruction which will be most use-
ful to the vast majority of pupils whose opportunities for education are limited
to the primary school."
Very little In the way of repairing or erecting school buildings has been done
during the past yejir. This has been due In a measure to the ruling of the
insular auditor that permanent improvements exceeding ^250 could not be made
upon land the title to which had not been duly registered. There are In the
Moro Province upwards of 32 school lots which have always been regarded as
public property, but none of which has been registered. Many of the buildings
situated t heron are in urgent need of repair, but, due to the length of time
which experience has shown that registration proceedings require for comple-
tion. If the auditor's ruling were strictly enforced a large proi)ortion of our
schoolhousea would have to be abandoned during the next two years and the
REPORTS OF PROVIKCIAL GOVERNORS. 87-9
province thereby lose thousands of pesos. Preliminary steps have been taken
toward the registration of all lots claimed for school purposes, and it is hoped
that, until registration proceedings are completed, the auditor's ruling may be
waived in the case of all school lots the titles to which are satisfactory to the
provincial authorities.
The total cost of operating the educational department for the fiscal year
1907 was W(M,©96.82, or, deducting the cash revenue derived from the trades
schools, a total actual cost of ^103,430.75. This gives an average cost of M9.17
for each pupil and ^34.81 for each one of the average number of children in
daily attendance. The average cost for the year 1906 was ?66.30 in the Moro
Province, as compared with an average cost of W2.53 in the northern provinces
for the same year.
The reduction in the average cost for this province during the past year
was due to the smaller number of American teachers, to the fact that a good
stock of supplies was on hand at the beginning of the year, and to the increased
average daily attendance. Our average expenditure per pupil, however, is still
nearly three times that of the bureau of education. This is due to our more
scattered population and our greater proportion of American teachers employed.
Owing to the scattered population, the average daily attendance of each of our
55 primary schools for the last school year was about 50, while the correspond-
ing figure for the bureau of education for the preceding year was over 100. Fur-
ther, because of backward conditions here, it has been necessary to assign 14
American teachers (two-thirds of the whole number employed) to primary
work. In the bureau of education practically no Americans are thus employed..
If these 14 American teachers were stricken from our pay roll, this one item'
would reduce our cost per pupil from W4.81 to ^25.62, and would still leave
us about the proportion of American teachers (1 to 500 attendance) which
obtained In the north during the year 1905-6. The greater average cost of
education In the Moro Province is due entirely to the backward conditions
which exist here, and a reduction can only come with the material development
of the province.
The foregoing statement of conditions In the educational department of the
Moro Province, as presented In the reix)rt of the assistant superintendent, shows
the imperative necessity of a great increase in the revenues available for this
department If any rapid Increase In the education of the children of the province
is desired. I fully agree with Mr. Cameron that the basis of our primary edu-
cational system should be very largely industrial ; but the equipment and main-
tenance of trade schools, except those of the most elementary character, is very
expensive. If W,000,000 were to be immediately available for this purpose,
I am convinced that within ten years the educational progress along its true
lines, reenforcing and hastening the material development of the people, would
put this province at a point which it will not reach within a generation under
present conditions.
THE SAN RAMON FARM.
Receipts and expenditures.
Receipts :
From sale of hemp ^4, 032. 90
From sale of copra 7, 934. 02
• From sale of seeds and plants 582.70
Total-_^ «2, 549. 62
Expenditures :
For salaries and pay rolls 8,570.02
For contract work, on hemp and copra 1, 805. 85
Total 10, 375. 87
Balance in favor of the farm 2, 173. 75
Hitherto the operations of the farm have resulted in a deficit. The results
for the past fiscal year are mainly due to the adoption and use of improved pat-
terns of tools and implements 'and to economy in the use of the labor employed,
and not to an increase of products. The copra crop has been less than in some
former years, but the hemp crop shows an Increase over former years.
The plan of paying a small percentage of the net profits of the farm to the
superintendent in addition to his salary has worked well and will be continued
for the ensuing year. During a portion of the present year 10 provincial con-
880 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
victs have worked at the farm and have given such satisfaction that the number
will be increased to 30 or 40 as soon as proper quarters can be provided for
them, which in all probability can be readily done by transforming part of the
old sugar mill into a temporary prison. Hitherto the principal difficulty in the
profitable operation of the farm has been the lack of a sufficient and reliable
force of laborers. During the year additional cocoanut trees have been planted,
a small amount of new roads have been built, and plans prepared for an irriga-
tion system, which will render the farm independent of the severe droughts to
which this portion of the Zamboanga Peninsula is subject. One of the principal
difficulties thus far in handling products of the farm has been the question of
transportation. During the coming year it is hoped that a first-class wagon road
may be built from San Ramon to Caldera Bay. A small wharf may then be
constructed at the latter place at slight expense, and the products of the farm
can then be shipped without difficulty at all seasons of the year. This road and
wharf will, in addition, be of the greatest value to the numerous cocoanut plan-
tations adjacent to Caldera Bay.
OPERATION OP EXISTING LAWS AND NEW LEGISLATION.
The tobacco act has continued in satisfactory operation in Jolo without
further complaint from interested parties. The Income therefrom lias, how-
ever, been greatly below that which was estimated at the beginning of the
year.
The enforcement of the land tax in this province as modified by act 168 of
the legislative council has worked satisfactorily and has resulted in a great
deal of new planting and working of land which hitherto had lain dormant.
A large Increase in the number of cedulas collected for the year as com-
pared with 1906 is shown, particularly in Ootabato, where the activity of the
district governor and secretary in traveling over new and unexplored country
has given very satisfactory results. Act 174, authorizing the collection of the
cedula tax among non-Christians by superintendents of Moro exehanges, has
worked satisfactorily and has added to the increase in cedula collections already
mentioned.
The -compulsory school law has increased the attendance at schools both
directly and indirectly, as the parochial schools, finding that children would
be compelled to attend the public schools unless accommodations were provided
for them at parochial schools, have shown great activity in improving the
parochial schools and increasing their capacity.
Act 176, which permits the issue of shell-fishing licenses to any vessel wholly
owned by citizens of the United States, etc., regardless of the locality of her
construction, has resulted in the addition to that industry of a large pearling
fleet, which has engaged in a growing and profitable business during the past
year.
Under act 180, providing for the compulsory employment of able-bodied
prisoners serving sentence in district or municipal Jails, a large amount of
municipal work has been done by prison labor, and a decided improvement
in the appearance of municipalities is evident.
Probably the most important legislation during the year was the passage by
the legislative council of act 187, known as the " Road law of the Moro Prov-
ince." Under this act every male inhabitant of the Moro Province who is sub-
ject to the payment of the poll or cedula personal tax shall labor on the public
highways, bridges, wharves, or trails for five days of nine hours each every
calendar year or pay the equivalent in cash of such days* labor. This act is
along the lines of the road law of the Philippine Commission, act No. 1511,
with certain modifications, required by local conditions In the Moro Province.
The law seems to have been accepted In the Moro Province in a public spirited
way, and no trouble Is anticipated In enforcing Its provisions. So far as the
Moros and other non-Chrlstlans are concerned, in many cases in the past, with-
out special legislation, labor has been contributed by them for road and bridge
building, notably in the vicinity of Parang, where trails have been constructed
from Parang to Pollok and Buldung and n bridge built across the Nltuan River,
practically without expense to the province.
LAND LAW.
The legislative council concurs with me in recommending the application of
the land law In Its entirety to the Moro Province.
BEPOBTS OP PROVINCIAl. GOVBBNOB8. 381
FOBE8TRT AND FOREST PBODUCTS.
The year 1907 has shown a marked increase in the output of lumber from the
province, due largely to the railroad construction in the north. A new sawmill
has been established in Sibuguey Bay, and another one will be put in at an
early date in the same locality, and it is hoped that the lumber business from
Zaml)oanga alone during the coming year will approximate M0»000 per
month. The prices of lumber still seem excessive as compared with American
standards, and It is believed that the appearance of another mill in this locality
will cause a decided drop in prices. The forests of the province are extensive,
but thus far little information is available relative to their value and the pos-
sibilities of development. During the past year there has also been consider-
able development in the planting of rubber trees, and apparently it is an indus-
try which would give most profitable results in this province.
GENERAL CONDITIONS IN TUE MORO PROVINCE.
DISTRICT OF ZAMBOANGA.
•
This district is subdivided into two municipalities — those of Zamboanga and
Dapitan — and five tribal wards. The political advancement of the people of a
limited portion of the district is undoubtedly greater than in the case of any
other part of the province. Yet even in these limited parts the Impossibility
of granting at this time or for a long time to come local representative self-
government is obvious ; that is to say, the impracticability is obvious to anyone
who believes that the American Government has assumed a responsibility with
reference to the advancement of the Moros and the pagans which it can not
transfer to anyone else. The two municipalities of Zamboanga and Dapitan
contain by far the larger part of the Filipino population in the Moro Province,
and of this part by far the larger part is contained in the municipality of Zam-
boanga. Yet even in this municipality dhly a little more than one-third the
total population is Filipino, the remainder being Moro and pagan. Of the en-
tire district, the Filipino population, including mestizos of all kinds, is less
than one-third of the whole, while of the entire province the Filipino popula-
tion comprises about one-tenth. No one dreams of now giving the Moro and
pagan the powers and of imposing on them the responsibilities of self-govern-
ment. The most advanced of them has no conception of what the word means.
Anyone who believes that it is our duty to train them to some understanding ht
what civilized law is will not dream of putting them under the control of any
other element of the native population. We have enough object lessons in this
province and elsewhere to show what the local Jefe will do to the tribesmen if
we put him in power and protect him in the exercise of it. It is the sole cause
of the pillage and murder that has been going on in certain sections for an un-
known number of years. For a long time to come the proposition to confer on
any one native element the power of government would, stripped of all mis-
leading verbiage, amount to the naked fact that the United States would have
to hold the larger part of the people by the throat while the smaller part gov-
erns it. It is true that we constitute a still smaller part and are forcibly hold-
ing the people while we goveni them ; but if we assume the responsibility of
forcibly holding anyone we had better also assume the responsibility of govern-
ing him, rather than attempt to pass the resiwnsibility to one who can neither
hold nor govern.
The centre of the municipality of Zamboanga is the capital city of the prov-
ince. It is entirely cosmopolitan in character, and its commercial interests are
developing under American, European, and Chinese energy and capital. Until
recently the governing body of the municipality was practically entirely Filipino.
It consisted of a president, vice-president, secretary, and 12 councilors. After
a long and conclusive test of several years it was fairly demonstrated that,
without a change, nothing could be accomplished in the way of real improve-
ment and advancement. The municipal council was therefore reorganized with
Filipinos as president and secretary, with an American as vice-president and
with 5 Americans, 5 Filipinos, 1 European, and 1 Chinese as councilors. The
energy and saneness of the resulting administration fully justifies the change.
The great difficulty here, as elsewhere, is that the only idle element, the only
element with time for political work, is the Filipino. The American, the Euro-
pean, and the Chinese are all hard at work improving and developing the coun-
try. Here, as elsewhere, the conditions will improve as the BMllpino gets to
work and as the American and European begin to realize that municipal ad-
882 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
ministration is not political work, but common-sense business directly affecting
their material and social progress. In reference to the business transacted in
the municipality of Zamboanga the district governor reports :
"The Chinese business interests of Zamboanga are larger tlian all of the
other interests combined. These people are not only merchants, but landholders.
They are not parasites, but producers. Their voices are not heard in the legis-
lative halls, nor are they seeking political aggrandizement or official position.
They are preeminently traders and producers.
" The Chinese of Zamboanga are proverbially generous in the support of
every public measure, improvement, or amusement that will make for the
welfare of all concerned.' The largest and best plantations on the plains of
Zamboanga are not only owned but worked by Chinese. There is no display
about this industrial grasp and control, but the work moves on with that delib-
eration, patience, persistence, conservatism, and keen knowledge of native
customs that means permanent success.
" The Filipino farmer is still grumbling about the loss of his carabao from
disease and that, therefore, he is forced to neglect the rice paddies and most
other forms of cultivation. The Chinese farmer has had to meet the same
difficulties, but he surmounts them by harder personal labor and the adoption
of the most feasible schemes to tide over the temporary interruption of his
plans. The Filipino farmer is inclined to view these difficulties as visitations
of Providence with which he should not meddle nor attempt to circumvent."
There is, however, a gratifying and encouraging increase in the planting of
cocoanuts, hemp, rubber, cacao, and coffee. Both Americans and natives are
seeking land in the foothills and mountain ranges back of Zamboanga. Here
there is a better distribution of rainfall than on the lowlands, and already
most encouraging results with hemp, rubber, coffee, corn, vegetables, and fruits
have been realized. Copra is overwhelmingly the principal export product from
Zamboanga, and it shows a large increase over the years 1005 and 1006. There
has been a large planting of maguey« and abac&, and the increasing production
of hemp fiber promises well for the future.
The importation of rice has largely fallen off and amounts now to about
what it did in 1005. With proper cultivation the district could supply all the
rice that it consumes, while the rice lands of the province could supply the
demand of the archipelago.
In Dapitan the agricultural interests are steadily Improving. Hemp is by
far the principal export, with copra next in importance. The hemp plantings,
while not large, indicate a steady growth of this great industry. In the munici-
pality are some 5,000 carabaos, 350 horses, and 300 cattle, and these animals
are an imix>rtant item in the prosperity of the inhabitants. The valleys of the
Dipolog, the Ilaya, and the Lubungan rivers afford great opportunities for the
growth of cocoanuts, hemp, and rubber on a large scale, and capital would find
ample returns from well-conducted plantations. There is regular transportation
by steamers with Cebu, Iloilo, and Dumaguete.
In the tribal wards of the district the governor reports a satisfactory im-
provement in the condition of the natives, and for the most part a state of
good order. Certain points on the coast of the Island of Basil an have been
the resorts of murderers and thieves from other islands. A secret expetlition
of constabulary is now being made in the hope of capturing the principal
offenders. If unsuccessful, an armed expedition on a larger scale may possibly
be necessary. Such expeditions, however successful In their immediate object,
are in various ways productive of many unfortunate results. They alarm the
timid and suspicious native who Is working and obeying the law; they scare
him back Into the forests and the mountains ; they deprive for a long time the
planter of his only source of labor, and all this over wide areas which never
heard of the crime. In the mind of the native killing is not murder and Is
amply compenwited by a small fine. The case Is easily conceivable under
present conditions, where It Is better that a crime which Implies no resistance
to the government should go for a considerable time unpunished, while effort
is being made to quietly arrest the criminal, rather than that the progress of a
large section should be checked for years by a formidable expedition which
may or may not be successful.
Throughout the district there has been considerable Improvement among the
wild tribes along Industrial lines, as shown by the Increased collection of forest
«They recently subscribed liberally to a fund to pay off the debt on the
rectory of the EplscoiMil Church In Zamboanga.
REPORTS OF PBOVINOIAIj GOVERNORS. 388
products and the planting of cocoanutB, rice, and hemp. The Subanos are now
protected from the former depredations of their old-time enemies, the Maguin-
danaos. They are therefore moving about less, are seeking permanent houses,
and are moving nearer the seacoast, where they are able to transport their
products to the nearest Moro exchange.
In this district the tribal ward courts have worked well. The district gov-
ernor reports that during the year —
" There has been a large number of murders, cutting affrays, and robberies
among the Maguindanaos, and all these affairs have been brought to light and
the guilty parties secured through the operations of the tribal ward courts,
many of these crimes arise from the oppression of the poor through the
nefarious schemes of dattoism. The old chiefs were accustomed to make their
living through instigating the commission of crimes on the part of their fol-
lowers and slaves. A new order of things is gradually dawning upon these
people, but the progress of improvement, overcoming the influence of cen-
turies of oppression, ignorance, and superstition, must necessarily be very slow."
There are 20 Moro exchanges in operation in the district of Zamboanga, and
it is proposed to establish 10 'more. The total business transacted amounted
to 7^74,645.17. It is interesting to note American agricultural tools among
the articles for sale to the natives at these exchanges. The demand for these
tools is constantly increasing as their usefulness becomes known.
DISTRICT OF LANAO.
The population of the town of Malabang has increased slightly during the
year and is now estimated at 4,000. On the 6th of February, 1907, a large part
of the town was destroyed by fire. Since the fire all buildings reconstructed
within the prescribed fire limits have been made with hard-wood frames, board
sides, and galvanized-iron roofs. About 25 such buildings have been com-
pleted or started. During the past year various classes of public work, amount-
ing to W,500, have been constructed. Most of the public improvements have
been done with prison labor. New capital invested during the past year
amounts to ^^85,000; imports, ^200,000; exports, M0,000. Ten thousand hemp
plants have been planted during the year. Five hundred additional hectares in
rice have been planted. The increase in live stock amounts to 200 head of
cattle and 50 head of carabao. The general condition of the community is
good. The Moros in the neighborhood are Industrious and are constantly in-
creasing their tilled area and raising more products each year.
The population of Iligan has increased slightly during the past year, now
amounting to 2,508. During the past year new capital invested in the community
amounts to f^,900. Eight hundred and ten hectares of hemp, 12,000 cocoanut
trees, and 21 hectares of sugar cane are now producing. Exports for the year,
W23,000; imports, ^257,000. The municipality of Dansalan was created by the
legislative council on May 24, 1907. The municipal town is Dansalan, situated
on the opposite side of the Agus River from the military post of Camp Keith-
ley. Thirty houses are now under construction, and many more will be built
as soon as the new municipality is fully organized. The following public works
have been constructed without aid from provincial funds :
Constabulary barracks MOO
Dock on lake 273
Streets and alleys 2,000
The municipal revenues will probably amount to about ^tXK) per month.
Capital invested thus far, f«0,000.
The origin of this new town of Dansalan, in the heart of the disaffected Moro
country, presents a most interesting study, as it is probably the first and only
instance in the Philippine Islands of the establishment of an orderly and well-
regulated community after the manner followed by the Anglo-Saxon settlers
of the United States. The interesting feature in this case is that the mass of
the settlers are not Anglo-Saxons with a long inheritance of the principles of
independent and self-governing village life, but* are Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos,
and Moros who, without hesitation, submitted themselves to the domination and
guidance of a few Americans. It is an illustration of what would happen could
a sufficient number of American settlers of the old sturdy stock— Just such as
those who are already here — be induced to settle in the province.
This new town grew out of the necessity of removing the settlement of squat-
ters at Marahui on the military reservation of Camp Keithley. After much de-
384 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
liberation they decided to transfer themselves from the northern to the eastern
shore of Lalse I^nao. They then raised by voluntary subscription the sum of
K,000, which they placed in the hands of a committee of three Americans of
their number. The latter negotiated with the Moros for an eligible site near
enough to the military reservation to be assured of some protection, and pur-
chased it for the above sum. The site was then carefully laid out, and in ac-
cordance with a previous agreement lots were sold at public auction to an
amount sufficient to reimburse the subscribers of the original purchase price of
the site. The remaining lots were then deeded to the town to be sold to new
settlers.
This well-considered, orderly, and sensible procedure is, strange to say, in its
entirety without sanction of law. Neither the datto, with whom the settlers
negotiated, nor any of his followers had proved nor could prove title under ex-
isting laws. Neither the individual settlers nor the town could acquire title
through the datto, but the datto and all his followers believed that the land
belonged to him under Moro law or customs and that he could dispose of it as
he did. If the settlers had not recognized these believed rights of his; if they
had camped upon the site as being waste, unoccupied, uncultivated public land
and should have proceeded to acquire title under the provisions of the land law
whenever the latter should be made to apply, without compensation to the
Moros, they would have brought on a war. There can be no doubt that their
recognition of the fact that the Moro was there with his gun and his spear and
that his gun and spear (in the absence of a greater number of opposing guns)
gave him a valid title for which they had to negotiate, was the only sensible,
civilized, and Just thing for them to do. And there can be no doubt that the
rights they have thus acquired will in due time be confirmed.
The total estimated commerce of the district of Lanao is as follows :
Exports •P148,000
Imports 4r)7,(XK>
In addition to this* there is a large amount of internal trade, particularly
along the shores of Lake Lanao, there being no less than 32 markets held each
week at various points in the lake basin.
General conditions. — Excepting the eastern shore of the lake, conditions
throughout the district have been satisfactory. During the fall of 1900 gov-
ernment launches visiting Sauwir and the mouth of the Malaig River were fre-
quently fired upon by Moros. On December 13 a camp, consisting of a force
from the Fifteenth Infantry and a detachment of constabulary, was established
on the Malaig River and was maintained until March 4 following, during which
time the situation in Puna-Maciu was carefully studied. It was found that
the trouble in Puna-Maciu was due to a long-standing feud between Gundau-
wali, who claimed the title of sultan of Puna-Maciu, and Mamantun, the
sided with Mamantun. After the American occupation Amai Binaning an-
nounced his friendship to the American Grovemment. This action increased the
hostility of the Gundauwali faction, and there seems no doubt that Amai Binan-
ing used his friendship for the government to advance his own interests. While
in the Maciu camp every effort was made to persuade Gundauwali and his fol-
lowers to come in, and negotiations progressed favorably for some time; but
during February certain Puna-Maciu Moros united with Ampuan Agaus on the
eastern side of the lake. On March 23, however, Gundauwali presenteil him-
self to the district governor at Marahui and announced his intentions of being
friendly to the Government. He was then permitted to bring his people back to
his old rancheria on the Malaig River. On April G the sultan of Maciu, Amai
Binaning, Gundauwali, and the Kabugatan of Mimbalay appeared at Marahui in
response to an invitation from the district governor, and an effort was made to
settle the dispute as to the sultanship of Puna-Maciu, but was unsuccessful, as
neither side was disposed to yield in the matter. On June 8, while a force of
constabulary under Lieutenant Furlong was operating on the Taraca River, they
were fired on from a house on the opposite side of the river. The fire was re-
turned, and it has since been learned that Mamantun, the sultan of Maciu, who
was in the house, was killed. On January 30 the following letter was received
from Uti, a fanatical priest:
" The Lion of God to the District Governor, Tomas and Baltazar : «
"Do not come In the- night, pigs. If you do I will crush you. Come In the
daytime, so that the Moros can see the dead Americans. Ashamed be God.
« Tomas Torres and Baltazar are the ofliclal interpreters in the Lanao district.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAl. GOVEBNOBS. 386
All of you that come I will give as Sungud (marriage portion) to the Virgin.
Durum pacal (the kris that cuts fast) is ready."
Uti had prepared a cotta at Lumbac about 4 miles east of the mouth of the
Taraca Riyer, but speedily retreated as soon as an expedition was sent against
him.
Nuril Hakim, an influential pandita of Rumayas, has always been unfriendly
to the government, and in November, 1906, had sent an insulting letter to
Governor Griffith. He was arrested, brought to Marahui, detained one day,
and on manifesting a willingness to return whenever called upon to do so was
released. During the troubles in Puna-Maclu, Hakim twice visited the camp
and made various promises to the district governor, which he failed to carry
out. On March 14 Informaton was received that Dimabara, one of the alleged
murderers of Private McDonald at Parang, was hiding in Rumayas. An ex-
pedition was sent to Rumayas, and Dimabara was found in the house of a
kinswoman of Hakim, but succeeded in escaping. On April 7 and 11 defiant
letters were sent by Hakim to the district governor. An expedition sent to
Rumayas to punish him 'resulted in driving him and his son, Bagulndali, into
the mountain fastnesses back of Rumayas. On the eastern side of Lake Lanao
the country is exceedingly difficult to operate in and the people have never
been thoroughly organized under the civil government In this part of the
district the influence of Ampuan Agaus is predominant. His immediate follow-
ing is not large, but he has more or less influence among many Moros in Taraca
and Romain. His main camp is in the Kamanga Valley on the Romain side
of the mountains. The position is naturally a very strong one, and it is prac-
tically Impossible to attack him by a direct advance into the canyon. An at-
tempt was made to do this on April 26, resulting In the wounding of one
officer, two enlisted men, and a guide. The Moros were driven from their posi-
tion into the mountains surrounding the valley, but none of them were cap-
tured. On June 1 a force of constabulary under Lieutenant Furlong was sent
into the upper Taraca Valley to reconnoiter and if possible to operate against
Ampuan Agaus from that side of the mountains. On June 5 a cotta in
Galauan was captured by Lieutenant Furlong, with loss of one constabulary
soldier killed and one wounded. The Moro loss was 17 killed. Two Reming-
ton rifles and five Tower muskets were captured. During the attack on the
cotta the constabulary were fired on from the surrounding cover. It has since
been learned that Ampuan Agaus was in Galauan and that his men did the
firing from the outside of the cotta. During the remainder of Lieutenant Fur-
loughs stay in the Taraca Valley he was fired on from a number of rancherias,
which were punished. The general effect of Lieutenant Furlong's expedition
was excellent. On June 18 Lieutenant Furlong and Lieutenant Wood, with a
force of constabulary, captured the cotta of Piraku on the Kamanga River.
The cotta contained a large supply of rice belonging to Ampuan Agaus, which
was destroyed. A Krag and a .30-caliber Winchester rifle were captured.
This expedition confirmed a previous report that Ampuan Agaus had his main
camp in the upper valley of a branch of the Kamanga River. No further at-
tempts will be made against Ampuan Agaus until the expected constabulary
reinforcements arrive. It is known that he has 12 Krags, with an abundance
of ammunition, also a considerable number of Remingtons and muzzle-loading
muskets.
The general hostility encountered by Lieutenant Furlong in the Taraca
Valley pointed to the possibility of a general disaffection, but later develop-
ments indicated that the Moros on the eastern side of the lake, while more or
less hostile to the Americans, show little or no disposition to unite, as they
are unwilling to acknowledge the supremacy of any one man, but prefer to
maintain their individual independence.
Practically all the Moro chiefs in this section of the district now in hostility
are murderers and slave stealers, and it is the intention of the government to
promptly bring them to order and have such of them as are notoriously guilty
of crime punished by the courts. It is desired to do this without calling in
the military. For this purpose it is intended to establish a camp of not less*
than 2(X) constabulary in the heart of the disaffected country. The natives
(many of them Moros) who form the constabulary would soon establish peace-
ful relations with the mass of the people and convince them of our good inten-
tions. The location of criminals would soon be determined and their arrest
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7 25
386 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
effected by two or three men, without the necessity of sending out expeditions,
which alarm the entire country and geierally fail in their real purpose.
Tribal ward courts are located at Marahui, Iligan, Vicars, and Malabang, but
the great majority of cases are brought into Marahul. . The greatest part of the
tribal ward work consists in arbitrating questions which do not require formal
leghl proceedings. Probably one-third of the cases concern the relations between
dattos and sacopes, who are the lower-class Moros. There seems to be a grow-
ing tendency on the part of the sacope class to frequently change their place
of residence and to eschew steady labor. With a few gratifying exceptions,
the dattos have not yet learned how to handle their men under the new condi-
tions existing under American government. Owing to the low intelligence of
the majority of the sacope class, there is ample opportunity among the Lanao
Moros for native leaders in industry, commerce, and agriculture, and some of
the dattos are beginning to appreciate this opportunity. Two hundred and
ninety-four cases have been reported from the tribal ward courts of the dis-
trict during the fiscal year. Of these, 238 have been settled and 56 are pending.
These cases are as follows : Between datto and sacope, 80 ; slavery, 8 ; customary
law, 28; debt, 49; disputes as to cattle and cattle stealing, 33; theft and fraud,
48; robbery, 6; assault, 14; murder, 6; hostility, 7» boot legging, 3; claims for
damages, 12. The great majority of these cases were settled by arbitration.
DI8TBICT OF DAVAO.
This district, as is well known, is that one of the province which has received
the largest investment of labor and capital for agricultural development All
reports show most gratifying progress and increased prospecta During the
first six months of the year there was an unfortunate but inevitable interrup-
tion of orderly progress along the established lines. This was due to the
murder of the district governor, Lieut. E. C. Bolton, Twenty-third Infantry, in
a wanton and entirely unprovoked uprising by a few disaffected local chiefs.
This was soon quelled, and Governor Bolton's good work was shown in the
prompt revival of the district from the temporary check and the increased rapid-
ity of its progress along the lines established by him. I quote with pleasure, as
being due to his memory, the following extract from the last report of his
successor :
'* The life and work of Lieut. B. C. Bolton as Davao*8 first district governor
have made a deep and lasting impression on all the activities of Davao. His
character and the principles for which he stood will continue to influence the
people of the district as succeeding years of time demonstrate more fully the
wisdom of his policy and the justness of his administration. His work was to
lay broad and deep the foundations for the future. These foundations were not
alone for material development, but were laid deep down in the hearts of the
native peoples themselves. The trust and confidence inspired in this pioneer
labor of getting the work of government started throughout the length and
breadth of Davao district has been a supreme factor in inducing the coopera-
tion of the tribes people in the work laid out by the present district authori-
ties. This constant factor continues and will continue in the future of Davao."
The population of the district Is for the most part undeveloped Moro and
pagan tribes, who, however, are easily infiuenced and controlled by just treat-
ment. As a consequence of their hitherto momadic life, they are possessed of
no real property. With a great majority of the native population the question
of food and clothing is the all important one. In some parts of a land so
richly endowed by nature many die every year for lack of proper food. Froih
well-grounded fear of unjust treatment by their dattos or lack of protection by
them they have lived in a hand-to-mouth way In poverty and want. The in-
famous "grafting" by Filipino jefes in the coast towns beyond the reach of
steady pressure of American influence has made them loath to settle along the
coast or bring their products there and has kept them in hiding in the forests
of the mountains. The one great aim of the American planters and of the
government has been to induce them by just treatment to settle in fixed com-
munities along the coast, where their labor will be of equal value to them and
to the planters, where schools can be established among them, and where the
spread of the merest rudimentary notions of sanitation will result in a rapid
increase in their numbers. For these reasons the dominant idea of the govern-
ment has been and is economic progress — progress entirely of a material na-
ture— as only in this way can a sure foundation be laid for future advancement
BEP0BT8 OF PBOVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 887
along social, moral, and intellectual lines. The governor and bis subordinates
in tbeir ceaseless journeys through the tribal wards constantly preach the doc-
trine of work. And the sermon is very simple: "Take up land holdings, im-
prove them, plant hemp, and with its produce build better houses, and get better
food." As a result the returns show that in the Guianga tribal ward alone
(near Davao) the number of hemp hills planted by the natives has increased
from 70,000 one year ago to 150,000 at present. The governor reports this in-
crease in hemp planting by the natives a^ universal throughout the gulf region.
It means much not only to the productiveness of the district, but also to its
tranquillity. When a community becomes settled, occupies laud, and owns
real property, the maintenance of peace and order becomes an easy matter.
Tribesmen who increase their hemp holdings 100 fold, who clear the forest and
plant more hemp in six months than they had planted in all previous time,
have neither time nor inclination for Insurrection.
The gulf region is mainly inhabited by wild tribes whose exact number is
unknown. Even the exact wherealK)uts is unknown of those occupying the lofty
mountain ranges. The governor reports that the mountains from Calian south-
ward, including the Sarangani Islands, are for the most part inhabited by the
Manobos and Bilans. The Tagacaolos, Bilans, and Atas live in the high ridges
of the mountains from Calian north to Mount Apo. The mountains north of
Apo, along the headwaters of the Davao River to the upper Tagun, Libaganun,
and Saug rivers, are inhabited by Atas, Libaganons, Libabaoans, Mausacas,
Mangwangas, and Mandayas, extending to the Compostela country in the great
valley of the Agusan River. These tribes are for the most part pagans, hill
dwellers, undeveloped, peaceable, and tractable. They lead a seminoniadic life
and are agriculturists in a very limited way. They live in loosely defined com-
munities and only under partial control of their hereditary chiefs. They work
in iron, steel, and brass, make and wear clothes of hemp fiber and ornaments of
shell, beads, teeth of animals, and forest seeds, and live, love, fight, and die ac-
cording to their own peculiar tribal customs and beliefs.
The American planters are doing more th^n any other agency in getting into
touch with these people. In a kindly way they are teaching them the desira-
bility of labor and guiding them along the first stretches of the road leading
to a settled life and its resulting advantages. Already some 4,000 of them are
living on American plantationa Here they not only work for a dally wage, but
are planting hemp on their own account, and thus taking the first steps toward
becoming a class of peasant proprietors. Twelve hundred of these men have
families and now own a total of 89,000 hills of hemp. The policy of the district
government toward this large body of pagan and partially civilized people is
one of attraction. The first thing is to get their confidence and convince them
of the government's good intentions toward them. This may take a year in the
case of a small group, but when this point is once reached and favorable con-
ditions are maintained the future steps in progress toward a higher civilization
are assured, because its manifest advantages appeal to them. Especially is this
true when the hill tribesmen are fortunate enough to have as an object lesson
the sane, sensible, peaceful, and progressive work of the American plantations
in Davao.
As might be expected, hemp fiber holds the predominant place as respects
money value among the commodities exported from Davao. During the last
six months of the fiscal year more than W30,000 worth of hemp fiber was
shipped, being an increase of nearly ^20,000 over the preceding six months.
Almaciga and the biao nut rank next in importance, but their total value
amounts to only some ^50,000.
The hemp planted in the gulf region of Davao now amounts to more than
4.000,000 hills, of which some 2,000,000 are reported by the Planters' Associa-
tion. There are 90,000 cocoanuts In this region, of which 45,000 have been
planted in the last half, year. Five thousand rubber have been planted very
recently, and all by the Planters' Association.
Direction in all this work has been given by the members of the Planters'
Association — a body of men who have rendered inestimable service in the de-
velopment of the district and whose energy and intelligence have stimulated
the progress of the entire province.
The present tendency among the pioneer American planters is to give to
cocoanuts a higher relative importance than when they began to plant in Davao,
with the result that there has been a notable increase in cocoanut planting by
both Spanish and Filipino farmers. Rubber planting has now been begun on
888 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
a considerable scale by American planters. This branch of tropical agriculture,
so important in other oriental colonies, has heretofore not figured in the agri-
cultural activity of Davao, but it is believed that it will hold a place of con-
stantly increasing importance among the products of the district. Pard., Cas-
tilloa, and Ceara rubber have, been planted. Oeara, owing to ease of trans-
portation of the seed, to its vitality, and to the very vigorous growth of the
young plants, seems to be the favorite for planting. Young trees in Davao
3 months old from the seed have attained a height of 7 feet. Other trees
planted at Magnaga within 100 feet of the beach and at an elevation of scarcely
more than 3 feet above high tide have in eight months from the seed reached an
average height of 10^ feet. . Par& and Castilloa rubber planted at Klbulan
have also grown well.
The returns of the Planters* Association for the last six months would indi-
cate, with two strippings a year, an annual average of 18 piculs per 1,000 hills
of hemp. There is a case of one field — some 3 or 4 acres — on the banks of the
Talomo River which for the last four years has produced annually between
40 and 50 piculs per 1,000. The same figures have been given for a small
amount of hemp on the Matina River and in favored locations in Daron.
The capital town of Davao has been much improved during the year. The
government has appropriated money for the construction of a district build-
ing, a wharf, and certain roads during the current year. A suitable wharf
and approaches are very much needed. Changes that have occurred during
the year, due to natural forces, at and near the mouth of the river, have made
the loading and discharge of cargo diflicult. The provincial engineer is now
studying a project for remedying the difllculty with the small amount of money
available. To do what is desired in the way of controlling the mouth of this
river would be an expensive proposition. It is one of the things intended to
be done with the loan referred to above and which the government was found
to have no power to make.
« DISTBICT OF COTABATO.
Conditions in this district have materially improved. The Moros have shown
no hostility to the American Government. On the contrary, they evidently re-
gard it with respect and liking. A good evidence of this is the considerable
increase In the cedula tax collections.
The entire watershed of the Rio Grande is exceedingly fertile. Hemp, tobacco,
rice, cocoanuts, and sugar cane can be readily raised. Fine grazing ground for
cattle is found on the foothills. In the mountains are to be found hard woods,
gutta-percha, an abundance of honey and beeswax, almaciga, and other forest
products. ^
The country occupied by the Tirurayes, south of Cotabato, is under present
conditions the most inviting to an intending settler. The people are tractable,
and with kind and just treatment would become reliable laborers. Without an
assurance of such labor there is no use in a white man investing either his own
labor or his capital. The country consists of fertile highlands, infinitely more
suitable to the white colonist than the low, swampy lands of the river bottoms.
The people are kindly di8i)osed toward the white man, which can not be said of
the Moros. The latter like the white man's government, which is just and
firm, but they have no likiug for the white man himself.
In February of this year the Moro San sal una and four followers were taken
from the valley to the United States in connection with the Jamestown Expo-
sition. The exhibition of Moros seems to have become a stock feature of these
expositions. No good has come to the Moros from it, and I recommend that
the practice be stopped.
In the same month of February an incident occurred which seemed likely to
breed serious trouble. Datto Piang, on the one side, asd the so-called Princessa
(one of the numerous widows of the late Datto Uto and now the principal wife
of the sultan of Magulndanao) were induced to carry a case in long dispute
before the court of first instance. The case involved the disposition of certain
proi)erty of Datto Uto, who died before the American occupation. It In-
volved intricate questions of Mohammedan law and custom which could not be
taken cognizance of by the court. Yet the Moros would demand recognition of
them; otherwise they would claim bad faith, since they interpret the state-
ments made to the sultan of Sulu in his original ofilcial interview with the Gov-
ernment in Manila as meaning that neither their laws, customs^ nor religion will
BEPOBTS OP PROVINCTAL GOVBBNOBS. 889
be interfered with except where repugnant to decency or humanity. In any
event prolonged litigation would have engendered a dangerously ill feeling.
The parties at interest came to see the provincial governor at Zamboanga. Their
attitude of mutual hostility at this interview showed that they were already in
a mood to settle the dispute with arms. They were asked if they wanted their
law and custom recognized in the case. They replied that they did. They were
asked if their law and custom would not permit the settlement of the dispute by
arbitration. They replied that it would, but that they had been led to believe
that the case must be settled in an American court or the conclusion would not
be valid. When they were told that even under American law such a case as
theirs could be settled out of court, they at once agreed to appoint three arbi-
trators on a side, with a seventh one apix)lnted by the government, who should
be acceptable to both parties. The arbitrators met in Cotabato, and In four
days the case was settled satisfactorily to all concerned.
The Moros of Cotabato have come into very little contact with white people
except in time of war. They now see only a few officials of the government
whose business takes them at Intervals over 4 very restricted part of their
territory. Yet their advance in civilization depends upon a very greatly in-
creased contact. Thus far no colonists have settled among or near them, bring-
ing new ideas and methods. This is due to the fact that the most accessible
land is not inviting to the white colonist, and is rendered uninhabitable for
him by the pest of mosquitoes. Through his ignorance of him and of his ways
and intentions the Moro is, therefore, still very jealous of the white man and
suspicious of him.
Probably the most immediate way of getting into closer contact with him
would be through a systematized working, under proper regulations, of the
forest products. The best way to do this is a matter for very serious considera-
tion. One thing is certain — it must be done in such a way as not only to leave
no Just ground for the grave scandals that have attended the exploitation of the
forest products of other countries, but so as to leave no opportunity for such
scandals. I am one of those who believe that the Moro Province will continue
indefinitely to be the home of the people who now inhabit it; that is to say,
that the white man will never come here in such numbers as to make even a
beginning of ousting the native from his occupation of the soil. And there can
be no doubt that in a reasonable time the native will so fully occupy the soil
as to leave no room for the white man should the latter desire to come, except
as he comes with the limited numbers and the limited purposes with which he
has come to other eastern countries. With the complete stoppage of intertribal
wars; with the introduction of sanitary ideas; with the building of better
houses, the wearing of better clothing, the eating of better food, which will
come as security and prosperity increase, there will be a great increase in the
number of Inhabitants. This has been the history of every country in the
East which the white man has successfully governed, and it will be the history
of Mindanao. A strict enforcement of the land law will make not only the
greater part of the Cotabato Valley, but of the entire Island of Mindanao public
forest land. It is the right and duty of the government to regulate the work-
ing of the forest products by the native so that he shall not destroy the source
of supply or, if destroyed, shall renew it. The whole civilized world has an
interest in these products, and neither native nor white man should be per-
mitted to destroy the source of supply. If it be true, as it probably is, that
the wild, native supply of rubber and gutta is doomed to destruction and that
we must replace it by cultivated plantations, it goes without saying that if
an exclusive license is granted to a company to work these products over a
certain area the interest of the company will be lost in that area as soon as
the source of supply disappears and will be transferred to its cultivated planta-
tions. The company will have no interest in preserving the source of supply
longer thai^ is necessary for its plantations to become productive. The whole
administration of this business must therefore be so conducted that when the
native is left, as he will be, in undisputed iwssession of the territory he now
wanders over he will not have been robbed of all of his patrimony. When that
time comes he should be far more civilized, far more amenable to law, far
better able to take care of himself, than when the exploitation of his country
began. If we destroy his gum-producing trees, we should have taught him to
cultivate new ones and not leave him to look over a fence at the only existing
trees in the private plantation of a company which will have destroyed all
his own trees. At any rate he should be qualified to take care of himself on
890 REPORT OP THE PHTLIPPII^E COMMISSION.
the territory we leave to him. Whether this can and will be done by a pri-
vate company operating under such supervision as the government can give to
it is the question to be determined. Experience has shown that such a com-
pany, operating beyond the view and the criticism of the general public and
subject only to the Inspection and reports of moderately paid government agents,
is guided by governmental regulations only so far as Its Interests dictate.
DISTRICT OF SDLC.
This district Is subdivided into two municipalities — the towns of Jolo and
Slasl — ^and tribal wards. The iwpulation of the two municipalities has Increased
during the year by about 800 and 300, respectively. Very considerable improve-
ments have been made in these towns during the year. New houses of good,
comparatively modern construction have been built. In Jolo It Is hoped soon
to connect the city water system with that of the quartermaster's department,
giving increased fire protection. In this the military authorities are quite as
much Interested as the civil. The amount and character of the stock carried
in the local stores has been doubled and tripled, though very little of this In-
crease represents American manufactured goods. The imports and exports
of the port have materially Increased. The amount of ready money In Jolo
is much larger than at any time heretofore, and the rate of Interest has corre-
spondingly fallen. The governor reiwrts that buyers are shii^ping stock on
every boat and that every boat Is bringing in an Increased number of agricul-
tural Inlplements.
In Slasl, the population of which Is Moro and Chinese, there being only
two or three Filipino families, a great deal has been done during the year
In local Improvements. Due to the energy of the constabulary officer on the
spot, the streets have been graded, drains put in, street lamps purchased and
Installed, streets named and posted, houses numbered, one new street opened,
and a public park built. With all this there Is a balance of municipal funds
on deposit in the treasury, although eighteen months ago the town of Slasl was
Indebted to both the district and the province, was three months In arrears In
payment of muulcliwl salaries, and little or nothing had been done to Improve
or beautify the place.
The governor reports that during the past year there have been very few
changes in the methods of agriculture, but the amount of land under cultiva-
tion has probably been more than doubled over that of the previous year. This
is due entirely to the feeling of security which the common people have ac-
quired In the Government and to the feeling of protection which they have
against tlie former unjust exactions of dattos and headmen. The district
governor reiwrts that now when on his tours of inspection he passes near the
fields where the Moros are working, instead of running away and hiding as
was 'formerly the case, they continue their work without exhibiting any curios-
ity whatever. I^rge numl»ers of hemp stalks and coooanut sprouts have been
planted during the year. Just outside the town of Jolo over 3,000 cocoanuts
have bt*eii set out. The densely tangled jungle is fast disappearing by reason
of the Increased number of farms started and animals pastured. All this Im-
provement Is due to the initiative of the natives themselves, since there are
no American or Eurojiean colonists by whose example they can be inspired with
Increased Industry or from whom they can learn new methods.
On the Island of Jolo (and It is true generally of the Moro country) one of
the greatest drawbacks to agriculture Is the constant stealing of carabao and
other farming cattle. The farmer who has to tie his cattle up under his house
at night for fear of thieves has to si>end several hours of daylight in pasturing
them before he can work them, thus losing a large part of his day. This sub-
ject will be referred to again In this report under the head of " Tribal wards."
Throughout the farming districts of Jolo there Is a noticeable increase In the
substantial and i>ermanent character of houses that have been built. They are
larger, better constructed, and afford greater comfort. During the year the
Sultan, Dattos Joakanain, Pangllma Indanan, and HadJl Butu have each built
modern houses. At the Zamboanga Fair In February of this year the Joloano
Moros recelvetl numerous first prizes, among them being those for hemp, bana-
nas, native vegetables, coffee. ()eanuts, honey, sugar cane, millet, buyu leaf,
cassava, betel nut, nlpa, native agricultural implements, hemp cloth, and
tobacco.
Some parts of the island of Jolo suffer during the dry season a great deal
from scarcity uf water, the i)eople of some districts having to go from C to 10
BEPORTS OF PROyiNCTAL GOVERNORS. 891
miles to obtain water. A great benefaction to the people would be the sinking
of a few artesian wells in suitable localities. This matter is now under inves-
tigation, with a view to seeing whether the improvement can be made with
means available.
The sale of Chinese tobacco through the distributing agents, the Jolo Trading
Ck>mpany, has been carried on during the past year. This tobacco has been dis-
tributed by this company at Jolo, Mainbun, Parang, and Kambing on Jolo
Island, and at Siasl, Bongao, Sitanki, South Ubian, and Tandu Bas. The sale
of this tobacco under the conditions imposed by law was authorized for the
political purpose of creating good feeling among the natives, and for this pur-
pose has proved a success. The tobacco is sold at a uniform price throughout
the district, and the governor has reported that smuggling has practically
ceased, owing to the low price at which it is sold. At the selling places the
Moros are lined up and purchase their tobacco as their turn comes. They are
rapidly learning to appreciate the system, under which the weakest is as able
to buy, when his turn comes, as the strongest. During the last rush sale at
Jolo a dwarf 3 feet high stood in line between two big men, and the Moros
cheered when his turn came.
The Moro exchange at Jolo has thrived since its establishment, and the gov-
ernor recommends that branches be established at Mainbun, Slasi, and Parang.
During the year two cases of running amuck occurred at Jolo. The first case
was on December 13, 1906, when Moro Agsak attempted to kill a packer at
Asturias. After inflicting an ugly wound with his kris he was himself killed.
The second case was on April 4, 1907, inside the walled town, when Moro Sariol
attacked a party of soldiers in the street, two of whom he wounded with his
barong before he was himself killed. In each of these cases the Moro consid-
ered himself to have been affronted by his own people, but, after the iieculiar
custom of Joloanos, he considered that the only way to efface the affront was
to assassinate a Christian.
The only way in which the government comes into contact with the Joloano
Moro is through the constant visits of inspection by the district governor and
other district officials to all parts of the Islands. These visits require to be
made with an escort of troops. The condition of the Island of Jolo can well
be shown by a brief reference to some of these visits of inspection.
In November, 1906, the district governor marched through the western part
of the island, visiting Mainbun (the sultan's home). Parang, Tubig Pipan,
and Indanan's cotta. During this trip the headmen 'and deputy headmen vis-
ited the governor and reported that all conditions were good in their respective
jurisdictions. In December he visited the eastern portion of the island and
held Interviews with all the principal headmen and their deputies, at the same
time holding the tribal ward court and disposing of a number of cases. He
found several cases of murder and that considerable cattle stealing had been
going on among the inhabitants of the different wards. In January he again
made a trip through the western part of the island, but covering territory not
traversed in his November trip. The general improvement of the country was
noticeable. Whereas in January, 1006, there was little of the farming land
that was not a tangle of weeds and grass, it was found that this year these
tracts had been kept cleared and free from weeds during the interval between
the harvest and the planting seasons. During February an inspection march
was made to the south. It was found in this part of the country that there
had been no rain for several months. At various places the inhabitants had to
seek water a long distance away at a perennial spring, for which they paid at
the rate of 50 cents i>er can. Nevertheless, that there seemed to be a growing
confidence in the future was shown by the fact that many of the people were
using the dull season to build new houses, while others were taking up' unoc-
cupied land. The inspection trip of April was into Indanan*s country, which
is the most advanced farming district of the island. The apparent advancement
of the Moro, as shown in the increased cultivation of the land, was gratifying
to all the Americans who witnessed it. On the May inspection a somewhat
serious condition of affairs was found existing between the people of the Looc
and Tandu wards. The governor's report for the 27th of the month states as
follows :
"A large number of Moros came to camp and their complaints were heard.
Here I learned that conditions existing between the I.<ooc and Tandu wards
were very unsatisfactory. I had known for some time that there had been more
or less cattle stealing between the two sections and that a feud had existed for
a long time, but it was only upon my arrival that I ascertained that they had
892 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
been killing each other recently. Tandu, smarting under very recent depreda-
tions on the part of the Looc people, had armed itself and was about to retali-
ate, when my arrival In the nick of time prevented further hostilities, which
would undoubtedly have resulted in a serious conflict. The representations
made by the Tandu people indicated that the wrongdoing was on the part of
the Looc people under the leadership of Olang Kaya Abaidulla, and It seemed
I would have to resort to severe measures to bring him to terms, as he was
represented as being fortified in his cotta. During the night we heard in the
distance, but without being able to ascertain the exact locality, some thirty or
more shots. On the 28th I proceeded in a southeasterly direction through the
mountain chain which comprises Buds, Kausukan, and Sani to the village of
Sukuban, on the southeastern coast of the Island, and thence westward toward
Obaidalla's cotta. He, hearing of our approach, very wisely came forward and
presented himself to the governor and showed no signs of desiring to resist our
authority. Placing him under the orders of Maharajah Sumlhak, deputy head-
man of the Looc ward, I proceeded via Bandahalla's to Kambing, where I held
court. During the afternoon and evening the camp was crowded with Moros,
both from Locy and Tandu, all more or less excited over recent events. Further
investigation m the matter showed that there had been about as much wrong
on one side as on the other and that the feud that had existed so long a time
had simply culminated in greater hostilities than usual. Owing to the absence
of Datto Kalbl, the headman of the Tandu ward, it was impracticable to defi-
nitely settle the matter then, but each party to the trouble was ordered to turn
in five rifles to their headmen until the matter could be thoroughly investi-
gated and finally settled, if practicable. It is fully realized that it is very
difficult to settle to the satisfaction of both parties, or, in fact, to the satisfac-
tion of either party, one of these old feuds. In this case it was unsuccessfully
attempted some time ago. It is my intention to proceed further in this matter
at the very first opportunity.*'
With the exception of this feud between the two eastern wards, no special dis-
order was learned of on this trip, and everywhere there was evidence of an
increased acreage being put under cultivation.
The district governor reports that in making his tours of inspection it has
been his aim to cover new trails and sections of the country ; the beaten paths
are avoided. The headmen of the districts always come to camp and are always
pleased to have the troops in their country. The change in the bearing of the
people is very marked. In former years many of the people either ran away
and hid in the Jungle or if seen were silent and sullen, while now everyone
speaks to the soldiers. A great many of the people seem to have friends in the
ranks. This is noticed even in the extreme parts of the island. Ordinarily
when camp is reached a crowd from the farming class, with fruit, eggs, and
vegetables, appears. They show no sullenness and they have no fear in Insist-
ing on their rights. During the year there was only one complaint of Injustice
done in camp. This was quickly righted and entirely to the satisfaction of the
complainant. In respect to the matter of cattle stealing, the governor says that
It is possible that it is the result of a craving for excitement, such as was
formerly given by their frequent fights, a successful thief being generally
respected. Force alone will put a stop to this evil, and this force can be most
successfully applied by a properly organized and mounted police force. A mil-
itary expedition into the interior of the country for the purpose of arresting
a thief and then leaving the country to take care of Itself until another crime
is committed and another visit of the troops will do infinitely more harm than
go^d. Further remark on this subject will be made under the head of ** Tribal
wards."
The governor reports that his Inspection of the districts of Slasl, Bongao,
Sltanky, Balimbing, South Ubian, and Tandu Bas showed that favorable prog-
ress was being made in these sections. For proper communication between
the different parts of the Sulu Archipelago and for proper inspection of the
different tribal wards a suitable boat at the disposition of the district governor
is absolutely indispensable. This the civil government has not been able to
provide, and the district governor has had to rely upon such assistance as he
has been able to get from the military authorities.
TRIBAL WARDS AND TRIBAL WARD COURTS.
Some discussion of the two acts known as the "tribal ward act" and the
" tribal ward court act " is necessary in order to understand the real condition
of affairs in the country occupied exclusively by Moros and pagans.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 398
Immediately after the organization of the Moro Province a careful study
was made (as was enjoined In the organic act of the Philippine Commission)
of the laws and customs of the Moros and non-Christian tribes, with a view to
determining whether a consistent, sensible, and humane code of law could be
formed which would appeal to the inherited ideas and practices of these people
and which could be put in force by a civilized government instead of imposing
upon them an utterly alien and obnoxious system. As was to be expected, this
study at once made clear that among the pagans who have no written lan-
guages, no literature, and no religion, and among the Moros, whose notion of
government is a dim reflection of theocracy as interpretated by the prophet
and reinterpreted by ignorant, corrupt, and superstitious local teachers —
among neither of them was there any consistent system that a civilized court
could apply. If anything was found that even a loose and superficial writer
would call law, it rested upon no commonly accepted authority even among
people of the same section and was accepted or rejected according to the will
of him who applied it. Crimes that in civilized countries would be considered
of the gravest were with them no crimes or almost no crimes at all. Crimes
that with us would be met with the severest penalties were by them sufla-
ciently punished by a slight fine. Acts which with us would be no crime were
punished by them with ridiculous, degrading, and inhuman penalties. It was
therefore decided to pursue this matter no further and to enact from time to
time laws based upon our ideas and enforce them to the extent that we were
able to do so.* So far as the pagan is concerned, the matter is comparatively
simple. He has only to get rid of certain vague, ill-defined notions out of
which his practices grow in order to accept our system In its entirety. With
him it is only a question of civilization. But with the Moro the case is entirely
different. His customs, his practices, what he calls his laws, are all based upon
his conception of religion as promulgated by his great prophet. His conception
is a most corrupt and degraded one as compared with the original teaching, but
it is none the less his religion, and he adheres to it and to all the practices he
deduces from it with a tenacity that the Christian can scarcely conceive of.
The matter is complicated by his firm belief that we have promised him no
interference with his religion. As he has no practice nor so-called law that does
not grow out of his notion of religion and that is not believed by him to be a
part of his religion, the difficulty of approaching him with any view to effecting
a change is apparent. The case of the Moro is not settled by civilizing him.
All the agencies and results of western civilization may be accepted by the
Oriental without bringing him one step nearer to western ideas. The civilized
Malay Mohammedan will in all certainty be, at his best, lil^e the civilized Mo-
hammedan of India or the civilized Hindoo. We know that these latter may
speak English, may wear European clothing, may be able to discuss' the latest
system of western philosophy, and at the same time, if they are Mohammedans,
will continue to believe that the highest heaven is to be attained by the assassi-
nation of a Christian. If they are Hindoos they will continue to worship in
temples lighted by electricity the same gods and in the same way that they have
worshiped for unknown centuries. If this view be Justified by experience in
the East, it is a question whether it is not our duty to try^ to absorb the Oriental
spirit, to try to anticipate as far as possible (If possible at all) the views of the
coming civilized Moro and begin the preparaton for him of a code of law which
will be in accord with a civilized interpretation of his religion, and at the same
time be sensible and humane. I believe that such a code, sensible and humane,
could be formed, and which would thoroughly accomplish Its purpose even
though In many respects It would be repugnant to western ideas.
When It was decided to cut entirely loose from native notions and customs
and begin the establishment of a system in accord with our Ideas, It was
well understood that this system could not be at once and everywhere enforced
unless the country were to be dotted with military garrisons ; that over Indefi-
nite areas for an Indefinite time the previous native system (whatever that
might be In each locality) would continue in operation.
The first step was taken In act No. 39 of the legislative council, enacted on
February 19. 1904. By this act the entire territory Inhabited by Moros and
pagans was directed to be divided Into tribal wards delimited In such a way (as
far as practicable) that each ward should comprise a single race or a homo-
geneous division thereof. The wards in each of the five districts into which the^
Moro Province was divided were under the immediate supervision and control
of the district governor. The latter was required to appoint as his representa-
tive or deputy in each of the wards of his district a headman, who, as far as
894 EEPOBT OP T^E PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
practicable, iras to be the one already recognized by his people as their chief or
headman. Each headman was required by the law to divide his ward into as
many subdistricts as the district governor should direct and to appoint a deputy
for each subdistrict. These deputies were to constitute the police force of the
respective wards, and the law required them to notify the headman of any
offense committed within their subdistrict. The headman was required, per-
sonally or through his deputies, to enforce all laws and ordinances within his
ward and to report to the district governor all crimes committed therein.
The district governor (subsequently the district board, composed of the gov-
ernor, the secretary, and the treasurer) was empowered to pass ordinances on
certain specifically mentioned subjects and to enforce them by certain limited
penalties of fine or imprisonment, or both. An advisory council of any district
or group of wards therein, composed of the headmen, was created by the law and
empowered, by a majority vote and with the approval of the district governor,
to put in force a certain defined system of taxation, somewhat after the order of
the taxation which may be Imposed by the councils of organized municipalities.
It is evident that this law was wisely drafted in such a way that its enforce-
ment was left to a certain extent to the discretion of carefully selected district
officials. In fact, the law provides no way for its general enforcement. It was
a tentative measure, the general rejection of which by the Moros, after careful
explanation and moderate and discreet attempts to apply it, would be regarded
as equivalent to an insurrection against the government and would be treated
accordingly.
In one particular the law ran counter to all Moro customs; neither the head-
man nor his deputies were empowered to try the slightest offense, although
these same men had from time immemorial tried and punished the gravest
crimes. Of course this provision of the law was Intended, when It could be
generally enforced, to put an end to .the inequalities and Iniquities of the Moro
system. But It struck at a principal source of revenue of the headmen. It
could not be enforced without the establishment of military garrisons In all
parts of the country, and It goes without saying that now, as formerly, grave
offenses are tried by the headmen and their deputies without any warrant In our
law. If not so tried they would not be tried at all, for our courts would not even
know of the commission of the offenses. I am Inclined to think that in our
formative system of law It would be wise to recognize this fact and to vest the
headmen with certain limited powers to try, and even to dispose of fines in
accordance with their custom, giving the convicted party the right of appeal
to the tribal ward court which was established subsequent to the law here be-
ing discussed. I do not advocate as a general principle the legalizing of what-
ever can not be prevented, but It Is entirely within the discretion of a govern-
ment to do so when no moral principle is involved.
Under this law the district governor had practically no way of enforcing
ordinances or law without the full consent of the. Moros. The deputy head-
men, under the headman, were the policemen of the ward. If they failed to
arrest criminals they could only be removed. If those so removed were the
real recognized chiefs and headmen of their people (as must generally be the
case If they are of any value), they could not be replaced by anyone more
reliable; and if all or a considerable proportion of the violators of law and
ordinances in an entire district could have been arrested, no Jail room could
have been provided for the number of cases that would have accumulated
before they could be tried by any court then provided for.
The next step was taken more than a year and a half later. On Ocl^ober 6,
IIK)5, was enacted the tribal ward court law — ^act No. 142.
So far as the terms of the law could do so, there was at once created In each
tribal ward a tribal ward court, presided over by a justice. Such number of
auxiliary justices were to be appointed as the legislative council might direct.
The district governors and secretaries were made ex officio Justices of all the
tribal ward courts In their respective districts. The sessions of each court were
required to be held, within the limits of its tribal ward, at such times and
places as the district governor should by written order direct.
These courts were vested with jurisdiction only in civil actions when the
parties In interest, or any of them, were Moros or other ncm-Chrlstlans, and In
criminal actions when the accused or any of them were Moros or other non-
( Christians. Within these limits they had the same Jurisdiction as courts of
Justices of the peace. They had jwwer to make preliminary investigations of
all those criminal offenses, jurisdiction to h«»ar and determine which was
vested in courts of first instance, provided the accused, or any of them, were
KEPORTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 895
Moros or other non-Christians. These courts also had jurisdiction to try and
determine violations of the district ordinances.
With certain exceptions, the rules relating to process, pleading, practice and
procedure in tribal ward courts were the same as those provided for courts of
Justice of the peace.
The headmen and deputy headmen were deputy officers of the court within
their tribal ward.
No costs of any kind could be taxed or awarded In any action or proceedings.
Fines accrued to the provincial treasury.
In case of any judgment an appeal lay to the court of first instance, and on
such appeal the action was to be tried de novo.
It will be observed that under this law, as under the former one, headmen
were deprived of their immemorial power to try cases, whether trivial or im-
portant ; that there was still no effective civil process provided for the arrest
of criminals; that crimes committed in the Moro country beyond the vicinity
of military garrisons could be known to the authorities only if the headmen
chose to report them and the criminals could be secured only if the headmen
chose to arrest them; and that it was a fair presumption that the headmen
woulil continue their ancient practice of trying and punishing offenses accord-
ing to their ancient customs and without any warrant in our law. There is a
marked tendency to willingly report alleged offenses only in cases of disputes
between wards whose people and chiefs are at feud. They know that we
will not allow them to fight the quarrel out as they did in the old times and
their only recourse is to the district governor and the tribal ward court. In
such cases the reports are as likely as not to be without justifiable cause.
In the greater part of the Moro country the justices and auxiliary justices
contemplated by the law are not available. There are no Americans there.
The native has no notion of the procedure by which our law is applied or
the processes by which it is enforced. If, when acting as an officer of the law
in effecting the arrest of a criminal, the latter is killed in resisting arrest, he
is quite likely to cut off the criminal's head and send it in to the authorities
in a bamboo basket as an evidence of his zeal and good faith. Such men can
not be intrusted for a very long time to come with the application and enforce-
ment of an alien system of law. Our whole present theory rests upon the fact
that we have disapproved the Moro laws which the Moros themselves approve,
and that we have determined to substitute for them laws which we think more
rational and humane, but which are neither rational nor humane to the Moro
because he does not understand the philosophy upon which they rest, and be-
cause they punish with death acts which to him are trivial offenses and let
off with little or no punishment acts which to him are the gravest crimes.
These facts are stated only in the hope of giving some idea of the tremendous
difficulties which impede the progress of our Ideas among these people. I
think that the time has come to take further steps, even were there a risk of
exciting temporary resistance, to bring about compliance with our system.
But, with certain modifications In our system, the risk of resistance would
be minimized. The following are some of the modifications that could be
considered :
1. To vest by law in the headmen power to try certain cases, with right of
appeal by the convicted party to a tribal ward court presided over by the dis-
trict governor or secretary, and with the right for the present to dlsjjose of
fines in accordance with Moro custom. The law should fix the fines in each case.
This (except that their fines now are more or less arbitrary) Is what they do
anyway, over a large part of the country, because we have no means to prevent
It. This necessarily weakens the Moro's respect for our system. If we for-
mally legalize It he will find, to his surprise, that American law is in part at
least his own law and it is conceivable that he will begin to look with less
disfavor upon that part which Is American and not his. Under their present
custom the fine imposed upon the convicted party Is divided In certain propor-
tions between the aggrieved party and the native court. Our law should define
these proportions, and when our revenue is sufficient to pay the headman a
proiier salary his proportion of the fine will be willingly turned into the
treasury.
2. To establish in each district one or more native courts or boards of arbi-
tration with formal power to decide according to their customs all ^disputes
about property between Moros, which involve no crime of violence; the prop-
erty to pass according to the decision of the court, but with no power to award
punishment by fine or otherwise. The losing party should have the right to
896 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
appeal to a tribal ward court presided over by the district governor or secretary,
or to the court of first instance, according to the amount involved. If the case
involves a crime of violence, it should be tried by the tribal ward court or the
court of first instance, according to the character of the alleged crime.
3. To legalize Mohammedan marriages and to vest the iabove-mentioned court
or board of arbitration with power to decide all cases growing out of the family
relation. Punishments should be prescribed by the law in reasonable accord
with native customs, but involving no degrading or inhumane condition. There
should be the right of appeal to the district governor's tribal ward court and in
certain cases to the court of first instance.
A system involving the three foregoing elements would cover the great ma-
jority of cases arising In the Moro country. The tribal ward court presided
over by a native Justice would disappear. Cases now triable by that court
would come before the district governor's court only on appeal from a native
court. The name of "Tribal Ward Court" could proi>erly be retained, since
this court would sit either at the district capital or within the limits of a
tribal ward in the discretion of the governor, according to the case or cases to
be tried on appeal.
Under any system of law in any country a great mass of cases are those in
the settlement of which the government has no special Interest, while there is
a much smaller number of cases the disposition of which bears upon the general
welfare of the entire community. The first class is represented by John Doe t?.
Richard Roe ; the second class, by the State v. John Doe. What appeals to me
as the advantage in a system constructed on the general lines suggested above
is that it puts the disposition of the first of these classes of cases in the hands
of the Moros, while the state will control the disposition of the others. And,
of course, the state will exercise a constant watchfulness over the native courts
and will have opportunity for control, by retrying cases that are appealed from
those courts.
I believe that the native will accept what from our point of view would be a
reasonably satisfactory and workable code provided the great mass of cases
that affect their dally life are to be tried by courts of their own, which we had
legalized. And I believe that with this concession to them, their unwillingness
to assist the government In enforcing the laws relating to the graver crimes
would more quickly disappear.
THE COWBTABULABT.
The services of the constabulary in the Moro Province have been of the great*
est value and reflect the highest credit uix)n thnt admirable body. This is due
to the high character, ability and good judgment of the ofilcers that have al-
ways been selected to command the Fifth Constabulary District and to the
same qualities In the officers of the corps serving under them. It has always
been our policy to utilize these officers to the utmost in the work of the civil
government and many positions of trust and importance have been filled by
them with credit to themselves and to the satisfaction of the administration.
Their services In the field have been equally commendable. At the present
moment their principal work in this direction is in reducing the country back
of the eastern shore of Lake I^nao to a law-abiding and orderly condition.
CHANGES IN PEBBONNEL DUBINO THE YBAB.
Provincial secretary : Capt. G. T. Langhome, Eleventh Cavalry, resigned Sep-
tember 8, 1906; Capt. J. P. Jervey, C. E., detailed to perform duties, appointed
provincial secretary September 21, 1906, in addition to duties as provincial en-
gineer, upon reduction of legislative council.
Provincial attorney: John E. Springer appointed Judge, court first Instance,
fourteenth district; Richard Campbell appointed attorney October 19, 1906.
COTABATO DISTBICT.
District governor: Maj. Charles T. Boyd, P. S., relieved Octol)er 27, 1906,
Maj. C. C. Smith. P. S., appointed October 28, 1906. Maj. A. B. Foster, P. S..
appointed June 26, 1907.
District secretary: L. P. Hamilton relieved September 10, 1906; Capt. H.
Gllsheuser, P. C, appointed November 12, 1906.
District treasurer: S. R. Beard, resigned November 30, 1906; Mathlas Hugo
appointed December 1, 1906.
BEPOBT8 OP PROVINCIAL GOVBBNOES. 897
DAYAO DISTRICT.
District governor: JLleut. Allen Walker, P. S., appointed July 14, 1906, vice
Lieut. E. C. Bolton, deceased.
LAMAO DISTRICT.
District governor: MaJ. E. W. Griffith, P. C, resigned November 10, 1906;
Capt. John McA. Palmer, Fifteenth Infantry, appointed November 11, 1906.
District treasurer : B. A. Crumb, resigned July 31, 1906 ; G. W. C. Sharp ap-
pointed November 1, 1906.
SULU DISTRICT.
District governor : Col. E. Z. Steever, Fourth Cavalry, appointed July 5, 1906.
District secretary : Capt. J. H. Reeves, Fourteenth Cavalry, resigned April 10,
1907; Capt. Chas.'C. Farmer, Jr., Fourth Cai^alry, appointed June 12, 1907.
ZAICBOANOA DISTRICT.
No changes.
Very respectfully, Taskeb H. Bliss,
Brigadier-Oenerah V, B, Army,
Oovemor of the Moro Province.
The Executive Secbetaby,
Manila, P. /.
RKPOBT of the PbOVINCIAL GoVEBNOB of NtTEVA ECIJA.
I Translation. 1
Office of the Govebnob, Nueva Ecija Pbovince,
San iBidro, July 15, 1907.
Sib: In accordance with the provisions of act No. 1044, of the Philippine
Commission, and of Executive Bureau Circular of May 8, 1907, I have the honor •
to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907.
AGBIGULTUBE.
The tide of immigration to this province, which began about two years ago,
coming from Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Union and Pangaslnan, and the en-
deavors of land owners to acquire draft animals and modern agricultural im-
plements, have been two factors which have had a notable influence on the
agricultural development of the province of Nueva EclJa during the last fiscal
year. As a consequence of this, lands which had been untllled since revolu-
tionary times have again been brought under cultivation. The greater part of
these newly cultivated lands are dedicated to the growing of rice, the principal
agricultural product of this province.
Bearing in mind the data appearing in the annual reports of the municipal
presidents of this province, dated January of the present year, and personal in-
vestigations conducted by myself for the purpose of becoming informed of the
agricultural development of the province, I can affirm without fear of error
that 17 per cent more of the lands of Nueva B2cija was cultivated than during
the preceding fiscal year. It may also be affirmed that, as a consequence of this
increase of cultivated lands, more has been harvested, generally speaking, ex-
cept In some municipalities of the south where the crops suffered a notable de-
crease on account of the untimely rains and heavy winds, which prevailed
exactly at the time when the rice was heading.
I do not remember that at the beginning of the rice harvesting season the
price of this product has ever been so high in this province, as it was in the
fiscal year Just completed, a price which prevails up to the present time, un-
doubtedly owing to the great competition existing among the owners of the rice
hulling and cleaning machines which have been established along the line of the
railroad through some of the municipalities of the province, since the time of
its construction.
398 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
According to my information, there liave been times when in the municipal-
ity of Cabana tuan the price of palay was higher than in Manila.
The acquisition of new agricultural implements is increasing more and more
in this province. During this fiscal year there were three machines acquired
by various progressive agriculturists of Nueva Ecija, and the employment of
these machines has given satisfactory results, especially in the threshing of
rice. Experiments were made with two kinds of plows, the disk plow having
given the more satisfactory results.
More tobacco was also harvested in Nueva Ecija than during the last fiscal
year. The cultivation of this latter product has also been Increased, and just
as in the case of rice its price in the market holds out without fluctuations. The
larger part of this product is exix)rted to Manila, and to some of the munici-
palities of Bulacan province situated along the railroad, as Baliuag, where
there are some tobacco factories.
In some of the municipalities of the soutli, after the rice crop has been har-
vested, the planters are accustomed to sow mongo uiwn the lands In which the
rice was planted. A case in point is that in which two different products have
been harvested from the same land within the space of six months. This is
the practice followed by the majority of the Ilocanos residing In Nueva E3cija.
The other products, such as sugar, corn, etc., are sufficient for the general con-
sumption of the province. It being noted on the part of the inhabitants here,
that it Is without doubt more beneficial for them, besides they prefer to devote
themselves to the cultivation of rice, rather than any other product, because the
work is completed in less time and with greater economy ; the agriculturist be-
coming more favored by the price which said article Is attaining in the market,
it having been constantly ascending during the past two years.
I said previously that one of the prime factors which has contributed to the
development of agriculture in Nueva Ecija was the constant endeavor on the
part of the agriculturists to acquire draft animals. The Ilocos provinces are
those which give the greatest number of carabaos to Nuevo Ecija ; during the
dry season the Ilocanos make trips to this province for the purpose of selling
carabaos which, in spite of the high price placed on them, are sold here. Ac-
cording to the data furnished this office by the municipal treasurers, there is a
considerably larger number of draft animals at the present time than there was
last year.
During this fiscal year scarcely any sickness has been known among the draft
animals, and it has therefore been iwssible to cultivate more land than in the
past year.
COMHEBCE.
The commerce of this year has inc^reased a little over that of last, principally
in the municipalities of Gapan, Peffaranda, and Cabanatuan, which, by the es-
tablishment of the railroad, have been converted Into commercial points. The
price of transportation by animal power remains stationary, in spite of the
number of carabaos having Increased through their Introduction from Ilocos,
Pangasiuan, and other provinces.
In respect to retail trade, it has increased over last year in spite of the dif-
ficulty of business, due to the scarcity of money of small denominations, which
is the continuous complaint of the merchants.
The articles which are ever the objects of business are rice, wood, bamboo,
betel leaves, gogo, rattan, and others. The traffic in these products has been
about equal to that of last year, with the exception of the second and third
articles which, on account of the fires of greater or less magnitude that have
occurred during the last months in some parts of the province, have had a some-
what larger demand than ordinarily, within the province.
As regards commen*lal relations, the province may be divided Into two parts,
as the municipalities In the north along the railroad line traffic with the capital
of the province, or with Manila, while the municipalities on the northeast traffic
with Tarlac and Pampanga, and rarely with Manila, owing to the bad condition
of the roads leading to Cabanatuan, the last station of the railroad where
produce can be shipped.
ECONOMY AND FINANCE.
Although it is true that the province of Nueva Ecija Is not enjoying a highly
satisfactory financial condition, when compared with past years, it Is seen that
since the establishment of the civil regime in the Philippines under the present
rule, the province never enjoyed such a condition of ease as at present.
BEPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 399
During past administrations the province did nothing but contract debts with
the insular government, some to provide for the general ex ileuses of the prov-
ince, and others for educational purposes. These latter were canceletl March
12, 1007, in accordance with act No. 1003, and i)art of those which were invested
in general expenses were imid by the provincial treasury. Nueva Eclja is at
present in debt to the iusular government in the sum of 1*22,11R>.50, which it is
hoped will be canceled by the Commission In the same manner as has been done
with other provinces, to be used solely and exclusively for educational purrwses.
Nueva Ecija has a bright i)rospoct as to her future financial condition, taking
into consideration the fact that the land taxes will notably increase the provin-
cial funds, as shown by comparing the figures of the last assessment of
W,119,405, with those of the new M.156.210.
The provincial board of tax a[)peals, in mailing the assesHmeut ^f lands, be-
lieves that It did so in equity, which is all that can be done in work of this
character. Undoubtedly due to this, the board had to intervene in only five
protests, which were decided in favor of the protestants, without loss to the
interests of the provincial government.
In confirmation of the Justice with which the said board acted in the assess-
ment of the lauds of Nueva Ecija, attention is called to the fact that not a
single protest resjiectlng private i)roperty in regard to imjust assessments was
filed with the central equalizing board. The provincial board can not feel less
than satisfied with this result, the more so as this disposition on the part of the
citizens shows very clearly that they realize perfectly that it is most Just for the
people to pay the expenses occasioned by the l)enefits which the administration
gives to the citizens.
Attached is the table showing the present financial condition of the province.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
San Isidbo, Nueva Ecija, July 10, 1907.
Sib : I have the honor to submit the following reiK)rt on school conditions for
the province of Nueva Ecija during the year 1906-07 :
During the year 99 separate schools were conducted, employing a total of lt53
teachers! Of these, 17 were American teachers, 10 insular, and 136 municipal.
The attendance varied greatly during different months of the year. In
October, at the time of greatest attendance, the total enrollment for the month
was 12,582, of these 12,127 being in the primary grades, 431 in the intermediate
grades, and 24 in the high school. About 39 per cent of the pupils enrolled
were girls. .
Intermediate schools were conducted during the year in Cabanatuan, CuyaiA
Gapan, Peflaranda, Llcab, and Wright Institute. The number of pupils in ad-
vanced classes is rapidly increasing, there being in the sixth grade twice as
many students as for the preceding year.
The standard as to educational qualifications of the teachers employed dur-
ing the year was considerabb' higher than previously. Few teachers were em-
ployed who had not passed the third grade examination. Many of the teachers
were able to teach all the work of the primary course, and several PMlipino
teachers conducted classes of the intermediate course.
In industrial work, the construction of the walls for the industrial building
of the provincial school is particularly creditable. This building is made of
concrete blocks, and all labor was performed by the pupils under the dIre(!tIou
of E. 0. Koerner, Industrial teacher. It will be' of great advantage to the entire
province. The roof of the building will be completed within a few months,
this alHo being put up by pupils engaged in the work in concrete and practical
building. Outside of San Isidro little was done in industrial lines, although at
Cuyai)6 work of a very creditable nature was carried on by Mr. J. C Stanley,
intermediate teacher, and Mr. Nicolas Ruiz, teacher in Mufioz, had a most ex-
cellent school garden, as did Wright Institute, under the direction of Mr.
Charles H. Bright.
The erection of school houses throughout the province has been greatly
hindered by the requirement tliat all school ground should be registered before
construction should be continued. However, the building of the intermediate
school at Cuyap6 is under way and the roof is now on. It is expected that
the building will be completed before November. This building is being con-
structed under the provisions of act No. 1276 and the appropriation of 1*10.000
made for it by the insular government should enable us to complete a build-
ing which is the equal of any now in the province.
400 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMlitflSSION.
In Bongabong, Pefiaranda, and San Juan little progress has been made in
the construction of the school buildings there under way, for various reasons,
among these being the delay caused by the requirement for the registration
of school land, and the unexpected shortage of the appropriation of school funds
under the provisions of act No. 1579.
The progress made in barrio school house construction is most encouraging,
a large number of these having been completed during the past year, many
without any aid from provincial or municipal funds.
The attitude of the people in thus contributing voluntarily to Insure school
privileges for their children, is most gratifjrlng. The friendliness of the people
has been shown in various other ways, and I have no hesitancy in saying that
the interest aroused is greater than ever before.
A large t^act of land has been set aside for the purpose of establishing an
agricultural school near the center of the province. This tract 6ontains ap-
proximately 600 hectares of the finest and most fertile land. It is thought the
school can be started within the next year.
As a whole, the school worjc, under the direction of Superintendent T. W.
Thomson, has made all the progress that could be expected, and at the present
rate there will In a few years be very few persons in Nueva Ecija who are
unable to read and write.
During the year a total of more than «5,607 were expended for school pur-
poses, M.9,746.78 being for salaries, ¥4,661.65 for construction, W61.20 for
furniture, and 1^947.49 for current expenses. Various comparisons for 1906 and
1907 follow:
1905-6.
l«»-7.
Total expenditures
Monlclpal teachen average yearly salary..
Total enrollment of pupils
Aver afire number of pupils attending
Average per cent of attendance _.
Number of municipal teachers employed..
'1
r^.844.01
^26,607.02
n21.21
^168.00
12,582
14.786
7,400
7,715
87.25
• 88.88
120
186
These comparisons show that there has been an improvement in nearly all
lines of school work, there being a gain in attendance over that of last year,
greater regularity of attendance than previously, and greater interest on the
part of the parents. The work of the municipal teacher has evidently been
gaining in favor. He is better qualified than ever before. Although the results
accomplished are not startling, it is believed that in thoroughness of work done,
as well as in amount and extent, the year compares most favorably with that of
any preceding year, and it is also believed that the people have received more
than value for all money and effort the schools have cost them.
Respectfully submitted.
Clinton D. Whipple,
Acting Division Superintendent,
Hon. ISAURO Gabaldon,
Provincial Governor, Xueva Ecija.
INDUSTRIES.
Judging from the Introduction of new machinery into this province during the
fiscal year, it may be asserted without hesitation that industry is progressing.
Beside the rice mills already erected, and which are constantly being operated,
some planters have acquired other machinery.
With respect to other industries, such as the manufacture of hats, rattan
chairs, bamboo baskets, and other articles of domestic use, to which may be
added the making of hats, trays, and small baskets from the suitably prepared
fruit of a climbing plant called Tabubok, I have not noticed any material
progress, and these articles are not sufficient for the consumption of the prov-
ince, for the reason that the producers of them are not organized into com-
panies, do not devote themselves exclusively to these industries, but only dur-
ing such time as they are not engaged in agricultural labors. The rapid devel-
opment of these industries, however, is expected when there is sufficient capital
to sustain and protect them.
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 401
FACTOBIES.
The province has at the present time but one cigarette factory, located in the
capital. There are no distilleries nor refineries, for nearly all its inhabitants
are engaged almost exclusively in agriculture, especially in the cultivation of
rice, and in commerce.
NATURAL RESOURCES.
Forestry. — Because of the great difficulty of transportation, due to the lack
of highways of communication between the points where timber of the highest
groups is found, and of markets for the same, this source of wealth is not
developed as it should be. The receipts from forestry taxes reached about
«,000.
As, on the other hand, the inhabitants of Nueva Ecija avail themselves of the
privilege to cut timber from the public forests free of taxes, In accordance
with the provisions of act No. 1407, section 9, paragraph (b), there are few
who engage In the timber or wood business.
MINING AND STOCK RAISING.
As to the mining and stock raising industries, we sent a full report for the
preceding fiscal year, but we must make mention of the estimated increase this
year, of 30 per cent in the number of carabaos, over that of last year. This
increase is to be noted also in the number of horses.
NONCHRISTIAN TRIBES.
There are settlements of non-Christian tribes in the municipalities of Cuyap6,
Carranglan, Pantabangan, Pefiaranda, and Bongabon, which tribes are known
by the generic names of Tingu lanes, Ibllaos, and Ilongots.
Cuyapd, — In this municipality there are two settlements, known as Bued
and San Marcelo, the population of which is estimated at 160 and 150, re-
spectively.
These settlements are organized similarly to the municipalities, having as
local officials a president, vice-president, and councilors, who enforce the ordi-
nances of the municipal council to the jurisdiction of which they are subject.
The social condition of the Tingulanes in these settlements is highly pro-
gressive, for the children of both sexes punctually attend the schools, and a
very pronounced desire to study is observed. At the instance of the respective
presidents of these settlements, the provincial board, instead of assisting the
inhabitants with clothes and other necessary eflfects, to the value of ^50. in-
vested that sum in the construction of a school building sufficiently commodious
for the children of both sexes. Besides the schoolhouse, they have a cemetery
recently opened for their use, as the necessity was seen of its opening, in view
of the fact that prior thereto the Tinguianes had abandoned the Inveterate
custom of burying their dead under their own dwellings.
A great number of these people have been converted to Christianity. It Is
estimated that less than 10 per cent are pagans, who still preserve their ancient
customs, as well as their mode of dress and manner of living. Those con-
verted have adopted the manners and customs of the Christians. Their charac-
ter Is submissive, and they recognize and respcR^t the orders of their officials,
not failing to protest when they l)elieve their rights are infringed upon.
They do not engage in commerce or industry, but exclusively in agriculture,
which promises an abundant harvest this year, thereby removing the fear of
what happened last year, when they suffered hunger. For this reason the
board appropriated the sum above mentioned to purchase rice, which was
afterwards devoted on petition of the authorities of the settlements to the con-
struction of a schoolhouse.
Carranglan. — In this municipality there are three settlements called Casi-
cagoen, Cagaddengan, and Lomboy, the total number of their Inhabitants be-
ing estimated at some 191.
Each settlement has its president, vice-president, justice, councilors, and
police, who govern them in an orderly manner, the officials being elected by
the inhabitants.
11024— WAR 1907— VOL? 2Q
402 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
lu respect to the social couditiou, there itf much to be desired, owing to the
state of the finances and the topography of the municipality In which these
settlements are located, since on these accounts it is not practicable for said
municipality to provide the necessary means for the proper progress of these
settlements, although the same desires may be observed in their Inhabitants as
in those of the settlements of Cuyap6.
They are agriculturists, and harvest, besides palay in sufficient quantities
for their own consumption, coffee, which, with rattan and products of the chase,
produce a small traffic with the Christians.
In general, the character of the inhabitants is good, who have a iiroper con-
ception of their duties as citizens.
Pantahangan, — ^The Ibilaos, or Ilongots, in the jurisdiction of this munici-
pality, are sei)arated into distinct groups, some living in the mountains, and
others in the sitios adjacent to the center of population. Although these
groups live in various settlements, all are under the administration and gov-
ernment of one president, vice-president, four councilors, and police, elected
by themselves.
They ordinarily know how to comply with and to respect the orders emanat-
ing from the municipal council and president. It is estimated that 70 per
cent of those not living in the mountains have been converted to the Christian
religion. Many of them have left the mountains to live with the Christians
in the barrios, and having cut their hair, in appearance resemble them. It
may be asserted that their status is a little higher than those of the settle-
ments of Carranglan, though conditions are alike In the two municipalities.
This is the case as to those living In the barrios, or near them, who number
about 100 and intermingled with the Christians, but those known as Ilongots,
living In the mountains, and estimated at double this number, still preserve their
savage customs, and are vengeful and superstitious. Owing, however, to the
fact that these mountain dwellers are growing less in number from day to day,
this is fortunately one of the years in which no crime has been committed.
Those living in the sitios adjacent to the center of population cultivate rice,
yams, gabe, and other tubers, as well as coffee. They also engage in horticul-
ture, and with the products thereof, and of the chase, to which they temporarily
devote themselves, carry on their business on a small scale with the Christians.
Pciiaranda and Bongabon. — Some settlements of Aetas are found In the
mountains of Pefiaranda and Bongabon, the inhabitants of which engage in
hunting and fishing. They live a pacific life, and I have not observed any
progress among them, owing to the fact that they continue to Hve in a primi-
tive way and are refractory to the ideas of civilization and culture. Some of
these tribes, the most advanced, are accustomed, from time to time, to come
down to the center of population in order to exchange their scanty products
with the Christians for others which they need.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
During this fiscal year there were no disturbances or disorders and very
little crlmlnallty.«
During the months of May and June, some robberies took place within the
jurisdiction of this province, the authors thereof being a band of ladrones led
by a man named Nicolas Gutierrez, a person with a very bad record, and
against whom there are various charges of brigandage.
The frequency with which, 'during said months, these robberies were com-
mitted, is due rather to the fact' that for a long time the greater number of the
municipalities have been disarmed, and so continue up to the present time. As
this rendered the capture of the ladrones Imjwsslble, the provincial govern-
ment felt Itself obliged to resort to the secret service, apiwlntlug special agents,
having previously appropriated the insignificant sum of f*340, with which the
said agents, assisted by Influential and prominent residents of this province,
have succeeded In capturing not only the leader, but the majority of the mem-
bers of the band, together with the arms which they used while committing
their depredations. Said capture has resulted in putting a stop to robberies
and raids in the province.
*»A comparative statement of the criminal causes heard In the court of first
instance during 1906 and 1907 has been omitted and is on file In the Bureau
of Insular Affairs, War Department.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 403
The theft of carabaos, which is so common throughout nearly all the archi-
pelago, has also decreased in comparison with the preceding year. This is due
exclusively to the elTorts of the secret service agents of the constabulary.
I can state that absolute tranquillity is enjoyed. The attitude of the people
is that of peace and order, and there is no indication whatever of discontent'
among them, in consequence of which the people have assisted the provincial
government, generally speaking, in so far as was their duty, in the capture of
the ladrones.
There have been scarcely any tidings or private communications concerning
the Felipe Salvador sect for a long time. The followers from here whom he had
converted, are living tranquilly, and do not engage in the practice of exhorta-
tions and penitences, as they formerly did. This is undoubtedly due, in a great
measure, to the influence of the visits of government officials to the barrios .
where these followers reside, through which officials they learned that it was
more useful and advantageous to work their fields, than to carry out the relig-
ious practices exacted by Apong Ipe, the immediate result of which led to crime,
or at least to hunger.
The robbery of the municipal treasury of San Juan de Guimba was com-
mitted by the band alluded to, whose leader was Nicolas Gutierrez, and which
has already been captured.
No real political agitation has been recorded as in others; the approaching
election for assemblymen has been received with little enthusiasm, as Is proved
by the fact that, as compared with the number of electors who participated in
the last election, the number who have taken the elector's oath for the approach-
ing election, with the exception of certain municipalities, shows a considerable
decrease. It is possible that this may be due to the fact that the majority of
the inhabitants were engaged in their agricultural pursuits at the time of regis-
tering required by the election law, far from their regular place of dwelling in
the towns, as they were compelled by necessity to prepare their seed beds of rice,
since the time of registration coincided exactly with the time of the first rains.
Again, the short time fixed for registration has had a notable effect in there not
being a greater number of electors and it is also possible that many of them did
not qualify as in former years because they were much impressed by the penal
provisions of section 29 of the election laws.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
As to public health and sanitation, attention is called to the following report
of the acting district health officer dated July 10, 1907 :
SiH : 1 have the honor to forward to you the following report of the sanitary
condition of this province, in compliance with your directions, which report
covers the period from July, 1906, to May, 1907, both inclusive. I have not yet
received the data for June, 1907, for which reason I do not include this month.
Vfery respectfully,
H. Jacinto,
Acting District Health Officer.
In accordance with the new law, act No. 1487, in effect since July 1, 1906, the
former president of the provincial board of health ceased to hold office, and the
district health officer of Pampanga province was placed provisionally in charge
of this province. I can not give the exact dates when Asiatic cholera first ap-
peared in this ijrovince, but I believe that the first case was recorded in this
capital on July 5, 1906. Notwithstanding the rigorous measures of disinfec-
tion and isolation of those attacked adopted by the municipal boards of health,
with the cooperation of the respective municipal councils, the epidemic spread
in this capital and in the municipalities of Pefiaranda, Cabanatuan, San Antonio,
Aliaga, Gapa, Talavera, and San Juan. The ill-fated Dr. Justo Pauls, dt'ceased,
having taken the oath of office as health officer, the active measures which had
been adopted from the beginning of the epidemic, were carried on under his
personal direction In the municipalities of Peiiaranda, Cabanatuan, Aliaga, and
Talavera, where no duly qualified presidents of municipal boards of health
existed, and as a result cholera disappeared, and there has been no further
evidence of It since November 14, 1906.
404 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
From July 5 to November 14, 1906, there were 652 cases, with 405 deaths, or
75.90 per cent. All were Filipinos, of whom 348 were male, with 254 deaths,
and 304 females, with 241 deaths.<>
SMALLPOX.
There were only four deaths from smallpox during the eleven months covered
by this report, which, compared with the number In the same period of the
preceding year (229) shows a great difference In favor of the present period.
This great decrease is due to the vaccination work begun In the fiscal year 1905,
which h^s continued in the preceding and the present fiscal years, and in which
some municipal vaccinators, in conjunction with the four duly qualified presi-
dents of municipal boards of health, have been employed. Notwithstanding this
work, and to prevent this disease in the present year, a corps of provincial vac-
cinators was organized on April 30, 1907, going from town to town, to com-
plete this vaccination work. Several cases of varicella having appeared in this
capital, they began their work here. This community having been immune, the
corps was transferred to the district of San Leonardo, Peflaranda, for the same
purpose. From there the vaccinators went to the municipality of Cuyap6 where
there were cases and deaths from smallpox, from where they changed to the
district of Cabiao of this capital, and from the latter place to the municipality
of San Antonio, where they are at the present time. The effects of this system-
atic plan of vaccination work may already be noted, demonstrated by the fact
that there is less smallpox at the present time than at any other period. From
the date of the organization of the corps of vaccinators until May 30 last, there
have been vaccinated 32,632 persons of both sexea
All the necessary material was received from the bureau of health, Manila.
From July, 1906, to May, 1907^ inclusive, 4,585 births were recorded, as
against 4,437 for about the same period during the previous fiscal year.
The number of deaths were 4,146 during the past eleven months, as against
3,473 during the same period in this last fiscal yeftr.^
MOST COMMON CAUSES OF DEATH.
Convulsions among children has been the cause of the greatest mortality
this year. This is due to the lack of care and the neglect on the part of some
parents who leave everything to the care of the midwives, who are without
any qualifications whatever for practicing this profession.
Malaria in its multiple forms occupies the second place in the cause of great-
est mortality.*'
There are at present in the province 47 Filipinos — 32 males and 15 females —
affected with leprosy, and all of whom are under the care of their respective
families.
There are 44 demented persons, 23 are males, and 21 females, all with one
exception cared for by their respective families.
At the present time there are five duly organized municipal boards of health,
one in each of the municipalities of San Isidro, Gapan, San Antonio, Cabana-
tuan, and Guyap6. The presidents of San Isidro and Cabanatuan are qualified
physicians, of San Antonio and Cuyap6, undergraduates of surgery, and of
Gapan, a second-class pharmacist.
During the time to which this report relates, 249 carabaos died of rinder-
pest, and 10 of foot-and-mouth disease. 18 horses of glanders, and 2 of surra.
The nine remaining municipalities have provisional boards of health, over
which the presidents thereof preside.
In accordance with the new law, act No. 1613, a municipal health district
composed of the municipalities of Pefiaranda, Cabanatuan, and Talavera, has
been organized. This organization has already been approved by the director of
health and by the councils of the respective municipalities. Because the mu-
nicipal council of Talavera has not api)ropriated Its pro rata of the salary of
the party apiwinted president of said municipal health district, alleging lack
« A table showing the extent of the epidemic in each of the municipalities in-
fected has been omitted and is on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War
Department.
^A table showing the distribution of the deaths has been omitted and is on
file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
^A table showing the common causes of deaths has been omitted and is on
file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL. GOVEBNOBS. 405
of funds. Dr. Clodoaldo Abad, who applied for that position, has not assumed
his duties as such official, up to the present date, In spite of this fusion having
been approved.
BECOM MENDATIONB.
We insist upon our recommendations.
1. That the capital of this province be transferred to a central point, and
reiterate the reasons set forth in the report for the previous fiscal year, which
are, among others, the great distance between the capital and the majority of
the municipalities of this province, the lack of means, or highways of communi-
cation between the capital and said points, for which reasons the administrative
action of the provincial government Is not so effective as is desired.
2. That the police of the municipalities, which continue up to the present
time without arms, be Immediately rearmed, and it is suggested that the munic-
ipalities of Licab, Cuyap6, and San Juan be armed with rifles, on account of
the conditions there existing, especially in times of floods, when they are abso-
lutely Isolated from the other municipalities of the province.
This provincial government does not understand why the neighboring prov-
inces are supplied with rifles for their municipal police and the province of
Nueva Ecija, which is in worse condition, in respect to security and safety of
life and property, owing to its topography and its immense forests, which are
frequently sought as a secure retreat by ladroues from other provinces, is re-,
fused by the authorities vested with the power of giving rifles to the municipal
police, and who do not take Into account the reasons set forth by this govern-
ment, ignoring them and giving heed to the unfounded reports made by persons
absolutely unacquainted with the conditions of Nueva £iCiJa province.
3. I also recommend the approval of the following resolution of the provin-
cial board, dated May 28, 1907 :
" Sec. 7. On motion of the provincial governor, the board unanimously
adopted the original resolution presented by the former, the tenor of which is
as follows:
" * Whereas, the province of Nueva Ecija is In debt to the Insular government
in the sum of ^22,196 ; and,
' " * Whereas, M,0(X) of this total debt corresponds to a loan made by the insu-
lar government to the provincial board of Nueva Ecija, at a time when this
entity was scarcely provided with funds sufficient to pay the general expenses
of the government, and the balance of said total debt proceeds from expenses
of the court, taking into consideration that the provincial government, although
it Is not going through a financial crisis as in the past, should give encourage-
ment to public works, such as the construction of bridges, repair and mainte-
nance of roads, and the construction of schools, therefore, the provincial board
resolves to call the attention of the Government to these facts for the purpose of
canceling the entire debt in benefit of the Interests of the province of Nueva
Ecija.'
'*The reasons upon which the provincial board bases this petition for said
cancellation are the following: 1. Precarious financial condition of Nueva
Ecija ; 2. Evident necessity for the construction and repair of roads in every
part of Nueva Ecija; 3. Necessity also of building schoolhouses of strong ma-
terials and of the capacity required by the mimicipalities, owing to the increase
in the number of students who attend.
"As a large part of the sum the cancellation of which is petitioned, proceeds
from court costs, and this rather corresponds to the Insular government, since
said office Is of an Insular character. It seems equitable that the sum due for
such puriK>se should be unconditionally canceled by the Insular government.
"Moreover, in the opinion of the provincial board of Nueva Eicija, a sum
amounting to ^15,.532.40 was unjustly paid to Bliibid prison. In which sum the
government of Nueva Ecija ought to be reimbursed, taking Into account that
the prisoners of this province remitted to Billbld though they are maintained
by this office, it is a fact that from the time of their arrival in Billbld prison,
the latter takes the benefits of their labor.
" The provincial board of Nueva Ecljai, In the €>'ent of the approval of what
Is petitioned In the present resolution, agrees to spend an amount equal to the
sum petitioned for cancellation, for the construction of schoolhouses, roads, and
bridges, voting for said purpose an annual sum of not less than «5,000, begin-
ning with January 1, 1908, until the sum of K2,196.50 has been expended."
Respectfully submitted.
ISAURO GaBALDON,
Oovemor of the Province of Nueva Ecija,
The GOVEBIfOB-GElTSRAL.
406
REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Financial statement of the province of Xueva JBcija for the fiscal year 1906-7,
Balance, July 1, 1906
Receipts. July 1. 1906, to June SD. 1907:
Land tax
Land tax refund, act No. 1455 _
Land tax refund, act No. 1579.
Cedulas -
Cart tax
Internal revenue refund
Sale of supplies.
Registry of property
Coogreaslonal relief act (No. 1406. Feb. 15. 1907)....
Transferred from general to Oongressional relief...
Transferred from Oongreaslonal relief to general...
Transferred from road and bridge to general
MIsoeUaneouB -
General
fund.
ni.8oo.oa
Total.
Disbursements. July 1. 1906. to June 30. 1907:
Salaries
Repairs to building..
Traveling expenses and per diem
Office supplies..
Permanent equipment-
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff fees.
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Postage and telegrams.
MisceUaneoufl
Labor and material, roads and bridges. .
Permanent equipment
Repairs, industrial school
Oongressional relief fund expenditure^..-.
Cart tax refunded
Land tax refunded
Transferred to Oongressional relief
Ouyap6 school building
First installment on ^2,000 loan
,260.67
S47.2S
,291.67
OBS.OO
,505.23
,292.1S
868.48
246.65
1.66
7.8D
679.83
Road and
bridge
fund.
P6.647.56
626.27
6,173.58
2.645.82
n.608.15
66.235.01 15.092.28
22.732.94
198.29
2.764.94
2,641.13
415.34
738.08
499.26
3,015.66
419.38
467.80
2.225.63
Congres-
sional re-
lief fund.
Cuyap6
school
building.
P7.980.24
500.00 .
101.00 '.
2.204.15 I 7.980.24
4,724.56
94.07
65.52 '
2.dO '.
676.89 !
im.oo '.
288.20
6.000.00 '
Total expenditures- _ i 42.868.75
Balance, June 80, 1907 _ ' 12,371.26
Total _ .; 55,235.01
I
5.106.83
9,965.40
15,092.23
626.09 i
180.00 I
1.806.03
1,272.13 1.306.05
932.02 ) 6,674.19
2,204.15 I 7,980.24
Note —
Internal revenue balance. July 1, 1900, withheld by insular auditor.. ^4, 292. 18
Internal revenue refuiulH, July 1, IJMK), to June 30, 11K)7, withheld by
insular auditor 11, 974. 53
Total 10, 200. 71
Internal revenue refunds received from insular auditor, September
17, 1907, settlement warrant No. 745S 4,292.18
Balance internal revenue refunds withheld by insular auditor, June
30, 1907 11. 074. 53
Report of the Governob of Nueva A'izcaya.
Office of the Governor, Province op Nueva Vizcaya,
Bayombong, P, /., July 21, 1907,
Sir:I have the honor to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1JK)7, as requlreii by act No. 1044 of the Commission.
general conditions.
Good order and tranquillity have prevailed.
The municipal officials in the townships organized under the township gov-
ernment act have performed their duties satisfactorily and I desire to express
here my appreciation of their work.
REPORTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 407
The province experienced, on September 26 last, one of the most destructive
storms in its history. In common with the rest Qf the Cagayan-Magat river
valley severe losses of property occurred, but in this province fortunately no
loss of life, the losses being confined to houses, crops, and domestic animals
and great destruction to bridges, roads, and ferries. The municipal buildings
of Bambang and Dupax were destroyed by the storm.
In Bayombong, by the change in the course of the river caused by the flood,
the San Vicente irrigation canal, a very old work, which, diverting a portion
of the Magat River, waters practically all the sementeras of Solano and Bay-
ombong and their barrios, was temporarily tendered useless by having more
than a thousand feet of its bank washed out.
This can be repaired temporarily by voluntary labor of the two towns so
that the canal will be serviceable, but whenever a rise in the river occurs, such
as comes regularly several times each rainy season, the temporary work is car-
ried away and must all be renewed, and not only is this the case, but every
occurrence of high water increases the extent of the break in the canal and
seems to threaten the safety eventually of a large portion of the town of Bay-
ombong.
The temporary repairs to the canal of the kind referred to liave had to be
renewed three times since the flood of last September during only an average
rainy season, and permanent works to prevent further and more serious dam-
age by the river are urgently needed. It is believed that the e;ctent of the
works required is such that the province can not undertake the same without
insular aid, but the problem is one that requires expert engineering advice.
Accordingly, after your recent visit to the province, by your direction that
an engineer from the bureau of public works be detailed for the purpose,
Mr. Charles H. Kendall, the assistant director of public works, visited the place
in question and has Just completed making a careful survey and plan for works
which it is believed will control the river in the future and cause it to build
up instead of destroying the lands affected.
Mr. Kendall has not yet completed his report and estimates, but a prelimi-
nary estimate made by him while here indicates that the work will be of such
magnitude as to require insular aid in addition to all the province can do out
of its own resources and all the voluntary labor that can be furnished by the
towns in question.
The work is of vital importance to the two towns, which, with their barrios,
contain more than half of the Christian or civilized population of the province.
COMMEBCIAL AND AGBICULTUBAL.
The only industry of the province, as in the past, is its agriculture, the only
manufacturing establishment being a brick and tile factory at Bayombong.
On account of the extreme isolation of the province from the outside world
the only commodities that are marketed are sufficient agricultural produce to
bring in exchange what the i)eople require other than food; These include
mainly rice, potatoes and other vegetables with some coffee and cacao, marketed
mostly in Isabela, that market being nearer than Pangasinan.
All transportation into and out of the province is now by pack animals. The
great handicap caused by lack of transportation will delay agricultural devel-
opment until better ways of communication are opened up.
While we are better off in this respect than ever before in the history of the
province, yet no products will be grown for export that the people are not
actually compelled to find a market for in exchange for the necessities of life,
until the cost of transportation is materially reduced.
This would be aided very much by a wagon road to Echague, Isabela.
Our part of this road — part of the main highway of travel through the prov-
ince— is a cart road 4it the present time, connecting the towns of Dupax, Bam-
1>ang, Bayombong, Solano, and Bagabag. Beyond Bagabag to the Isabela line,
a distance of 18 miles, the road has been improved and can be easily made of
cart width. This, however, would serve no purpose if the remainder of the
highway from the Isabela line through Cordon and Carig to Echague remains,
as it Is now, a series of mud holes impassable even for carabao at certain times
in the year.
The writer held a conference several months since with the governor and
other provhiclal officials of Isabela to discuss mutual cooperation for the inf-
provement of this common highway.
408 BEPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
While the Isabela ofBcials were fully alive to the importance of the highway
to the people of both provinces, they advised me that the province had no funds
at that time for road construction and the towns of Cordon, Carig, and Echague,
situated on the line of this road, which would be most directly benefited, seemed
to be deterred by the magnitude of the work from trying to do anything un-
aided, and so the matter stands. It is possible the Isabela authorities may
soon be able to put their part of this road in good repair and make it a cart
road.
The other main artery of travel into and out of the province, the Padre Juan
Villaverde or San Nicolas trail fibm Bayombong, 70 miles, to San Nicolas, Pan-
gasinan, is, in its mountain section, one of the best examples of mountain trail
work the writer has ever seen.
Since its opening, nearly four years ago, the road bed has improved and be-
come settled year by year so that now travel is almost never interrupted, even
for a day, by slides, mud, fallen trees, and the various troubles that are fa-
miliar to officials charged with the maintenance of roads of this kind In the
Philippines in the rainy season.
The maintenance work on this trail is directed toward its constant improve-
ment and not merely to keeping it open for traffic.
FINANCIAL.
The following statement furnished by Mr. Thomas P. Maddela, acting provin-
cial treasurer, shows the receipts and disbursements from all sources during
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907 :
Statement of receipts and expenditures for the fiscal year ended June SO, 1907,
BECEIPTS.
On hand July 1, 1906 «1, 191.29
Provincial receipts:
CJedulas 2,^)71.50
Sales of supi)lies 1,095.17
Cart tax 727.615
Road tax , 0, 366. 00
Refunds, errors, etc 165.06
Township and settlement fund, (refund internal revenue) 11, 012. 10
Dog tags 5.00
Justices of the peace, ex-officio fees . 72.00
Congressional relief school building fund 5,500.00
Appropriations 20,600.00
Total _ 60,605.735
EXPENDITURES.
Salaries, from general fund . n3,348.68
Roads and bridges 11,699.61
ProvinciaJ government building 5,083.16
School buildings 7,531.89
Miscellaneous expenses 11, 115. 13
Balance on hand June 30, 1907 11,827.265
Total 60, 605. 735
Mr. W. C. Bryant, provincial treasurer for nearly four years past, and now
in Manila, has, it is understood, been offered and decided to accept the treasurer-
ship of Misamis Province which will be a well-deserved promotion. Mr. Bryant
has been a most painstaking and efficient treasurer and leaves with the friend-
ship and good will of all the people of the province.
PUBLIC WOBKS.
An effort has been made during the year to educate those persons in the prov-
ince who are capable of undertaking the work to contract for bridges and other
public works. We have tried to make bridges, particularly, an object lesson
by putting in several carefully constructed ones of standard types and' then
BEPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 409
advertising for bids for constructing others, giving Intending bidders all pos-
sible Information about the amount and cost of labor required, the cost of
getting out and transporting timber and all other items of cost in the construc-
tion done by the province and to convince them that private persons ought to be
able to do the work more cheaply than the government and yet make a living
profit.
The experiment has not been an entire success, as we have found that the
only way to get a piece of contract work done satisfactorily is to furnish the
same superintendence that is given work done by the province and as the item
of superintendence is one of the largest in construction cost of such work, it has
been almost impossible to get contracts taken for a price that shows any saving
over work done by the province.
The people seem to be timid at>out bidding on work even where no bond is
required and where it would simply be a case of the province taking over the
work and carrying it on to completion if for any reason the contractor could not
proceed. A beginning has, however, been made and a few small contracts taken
and carried out.
Three of the six towns are without " Presidencias," those of Dupax and
Bambang having been destroyed by the September bagnio, and that of Bagabag
having been gutted by fire years ago. Solano lost its municipal school In the
September storm and has given up its municipal building for school purposes
until another can be erected. The municipio of Bayombong is also badly in
need of repairs.
The provincial board made the proposition to these towns that if tUey would
furnish by gratultuous labor all necessary materials, the board would, when
the materials were on the ground, make a grant out of the fund for " roads,
bridges and other public works" (section 19, act 1396) for the construction of
these badly needed public buildings.
The towns have accepted the proposition and Dupax and Solano have quanti-
ties of material now on hand and are about ready to begin the work of
construction.
It was thought only fair to the towns to devote a part of this tax for the com-
ing year to these purposes, as their revenues have been so much reduced by
the Joss of half the cedula tax that they have no funds available for the pur-
poses stated, and as it has been necessary to use a share of this fund for the
past two years for the completion of the provincial government building.
As this 1^2 poll tax is a direct tax paid equally by the people of all the town-
ships it is felt that It should be exi)ended as much as possible on public works
within the townships and when extraordinary need arises on other works than
roads and bridges.
The provincial office building at Bayombong, completed and occupied during
the year, has been built at a cost of between «4,500 and W5,000. It has been
in course of construction for two and one-half years, is of two stories, some 45
by 65 feet in dimensions and while not large is very conveniently planned, all
si^ace being utilized, and will probably be adequate for the needs of the prov-
ince for many years to come.
The treas'irer*s office is equipped with a roomy fire and burglar proof vault
insuring safety for the public records in case of fire. All but ^6,400 of the cost
of construction has been met out of provincial funds.
The road or rather the trail, for it is not of cart width, from Bagabag to the
Isabela line, before referred to, has been put in good condition at a cost of
M,000 and considerable bridge and repair work done on the main highway
through the province from Pangasinan to Isabela, all out of provincial funds.
The cost of maintenance of the Padre Juan Villa verde trail through its moun-
tain section has been defrayed for the most part by an appropriation of K,000
from the insular treasury. It should be said that this trail, while the sur)er-
vlsor of this province has charge of its maintenance, and the funds for its
maintenance are charged to this province, runs for its first 20 miles through
Pangasinan province, the dividing line being where it crosses a range of the
Cordillera Central at an elevation of 4,780 feet.
TOWNSHIP AND SETTLEMENT FUND.
This fund, created by act 1426, consists of the moneys derived from the pro-
portion of the refund of internal revenue corresponding to the non-Christian
or uncivilized population and is set apart as a fund to be expended solely for
the benefit of that population by the provincial t^oard with the approval, first
had. of the secretary of the interior.
410 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
A considerable balance has been allowed to accumulate In this fund which
the provincial board, in accordance with the views of the secretary of the in-
terior, intends to use in extending as rapidly as possible ways of communica-
tion throughout the northern Igorot country. Work is now progressing on a
road from the Polls Mountain pass, on the line between this province and
Lepanto-Boutoc, to Banaue, where our northernmost constabulary post is
situated ; the road will be on a cart grade but for the present not of cart width.
Work will be pushed on this road as fast as the season will permit, a force of
350 men being now at work. Meantime a survey of a new trail from Banaue
to Quiangan at the southern extremity of our rugged and densely populated
Igorot country.
It is expected that by next February or March a road on a grade practicable
for wheeled vehicles but not of cart width will be completed through from the
Polls Mountain divide to Quiangan, so that It will be possible to ride a horse
over the entire route without dismounting.
What a great Improvement over present trails this will be when accomplished
can only be realized by one who has seen and experienced what a mountanlous
and rugged country the road will traverse. North of the Ibelao River, just out
of Quiangan, It Is extremely hard to find a single acre of level ground. Ikying
out a road on anything approaching an easy grade Is only possible by follow-
ing the contour of the mountahi slopes and patient prospecting for the most
practicable ways of overcoming the difficulties and obstacles involved.
When the road from the summit of Polls Mountain to Quiangan Is put
through several other Important roads must be opened up as rapidly as funds
will allow. One of the most Important Is the one from Banaue to Mayoyao.
Those from Banaue to Sapao, Sapao to Asln, Banaue to Malapap, Quiangan to
Ayangan and Mayoyao and many others when opened up will be of great stra-
tegic value In handling the Igorots.
It Is Intended to push the work of opening up these Important communica-
tions as fast as available funds will allow.
NONCHBISTTAN TRIBES.
The non-Christlan population of this province is given in the official census
returns as some 46,000, which is^now known beyond doubt to be much less than
the true figures. At the time the census of 1903 was taken our northern Igorot
country had not been opened up since American occupation, and it was impos-
sible for the census enumerators to enumerate many, In fact most, of the Ifugao
districts and rancherlas at close range, ttfe mountain tops affording a con-
venient coign of vantage.
The census takers were not required actually to enumerate the population In
a region where such conditions prevailed, so that the census figures at best
were only an estimate.
It Is believed that an accurate census can now be made without great ex-
pense and that It will show a much larger i)opulatlon than the present offic&l
figures. Such a recount should be made and the result made official. Plans for
undertaking this work at the end of the present rainy season are now being
considered.
Progress In dealing with the non-Chrlstlan tribes Is apparent in the settling
of feuds of long standing and the ability of Igorots to go about freely where
they never before could have ventured to go unprotected. This is due to the
fact that the Igorots have learned to have confidence In the authorities and
a healthy public sentiment has arisen among them in favor of rei>orting to the
authorities acts that they know are unlawful and punishable.
Captain Case, now promoted to senior Inspector of constabulary of the prov-
ince, and Lieutenant Gallman, who has succeeded him as the senior constabulary'
officer with station in the Igorot country, are men having the highest possible
qualifications for the difficult work of controlling the Igorot populatiim (for-
merly uncontrollable except with a very strong military force) and at the same
time retaining their respect and confidence.
It has been thought best to form only one new partial township organization
during the year and that not In the northern Igorot country, but the group of
rancherlas known as the Imugan district lying along the line of or near to the
Padre Juan Vlllaverde trail. These rancherlas are just across the boundary
from the former comandancla of Kayapa, now a part of Beuguet.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVIKCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 411
These Igorots, in their characteristics, are ]ike the well-known Benguet
Igorots and not at all like our northern Ifugaoa. A *' padron " or list of the
inhabitants of the newly organized township shows a population of over 1,900,
with 572 males of cedula age.
The great majority of the inhabitants of cedula age have already paid their
cedula tax and cedulas will, It is believed, all be collected before the limit of
time for payment fixed for September 30 is reached.
They haA-e an organization consisting of Tgorot officials and councillors with
an Ilocano secretary -treasurer, who lives among them.
The condition of these Igorots Is improving very rapidly and they will one
day be very prosperous. They are clearing land rapidly, are planting a great
deal of coffee and find a ready market for all their coffee and vegetables in the
towns of San Nicolas and Tayug, less than a day's Journey distant. They also
frequently bring produce to the Bayombong and Solano markets.
NRED OF A PROVINCIAL SUPERVISOR.
A competent provincial supervisor Is urgently needed to relieve the provincial
governor of the duties of that office.
The governor has more than he can do to discharge properly the other duties
devolving on him as governor, beside being sheriff, ex-offlcio Justice of the peace,
having to act in lieu of a fiscal, investigating crimes committed and conducting
the preliminary trials of persons accused of crimes, since the fiscal is only In
the province during the actual sessions of court.
The duties of supervisor are sufficiently onerous to engage the entire atten-
tion of a competent man.
I append a report on school work in the province for the year, kindly fur-
nished by Mr. Norman G. Conner, division superintendent of schools.
In conclusion J wish to refer to the great appreciation that the people of the
province felt at the honor of a visit from the governor-general of the islands
when he accompanied the secretary of the interior on his recent official tour of
inspection.
I believf great good was done by the visit and by the public utterances of
the visitors, which gave the people a new Idea of the Government's policy
toward them and the conferences held at the towns visited.
Very resi)ectfuI1y,
Louis G. Knight,
Governor of the Province of Nueva Vizcaya,
The Governor- General.
Departiirnt of Public Instruction,
Bureau of Education,
Bayombong, N. V., July 26, ]907,
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a brief statement of school work
and conditions in this province during the past year.
Certain data as to attendance, teachers, and school finances are given in
appendices "A," " B," and " 0." «
The enrollment of last year was less than that In the year 1905-6, as in
four municipalities several teachers were discharged for lack of funds. The
average number of pupils enrolled per teacher, counting municipal and Filipino
Insular teachers, was about fifty.
The native teachers, as a body, are Improving in the grade of their own
attainments and In their teaching ability. With the exception of three Igorot
teachers there are none who are not of the fourth grade or better.
The storm of September 27 last destroyed seven school buldings, three of
which were of strong materials, and badly injured all of the others. With
one exception the wrecked buildings have been replaced by new and better
structures. All of the labor on the new buildings was voluntary, not a cent
being paid from either provincial or municipal funds.
The new provincial school building was begim in January, 1907, and work
has gone on rapidly. The building should be completed, barring accidents, by
next March.
« Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
412 KEPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
The Igorot schools at Quiangan and at Banaue made as much progress hjs
was expected. The work at Quiangan was interrupted several times during the
school year, as the teacher In charge had to be" brought to Bayombong twice
in order to work in the normal institute and in the high school, and during
the months of February and March was absent, sick.
Both of these schools should have at least two American teachers, and the
bureau of education has promised to send them soon.*'
Very respectfully.
Norm AN G. Conner,
Division Superintendent of Schools,
The Hon. Louis G. Knight,
Provincial Oovemor, Bayombong, Xuera Vizraya.
Keport of the Governor of Negros Occident at..
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Neqros Occidental,
Bacolod, P, /., July 24, 1907.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my annual report, as required by
law.
agriculture.
The agriculture is in a state of decadence, the same as in the past few years.
It has to contend with the same difficulties, among them the lack of labor
cattle, the want of credit, the low price of sugar, the locusts, and the labor
question.
The rinderpest, which has become endemic, continues to destroy the labor
cattle, but It does not do so on a large scale and is not of general prevalence
throughout, the pueblos.
The cattle owners have lost all confidence in the measures adoptee] so far by
the government, which consist in the simultaneous method of protective Inoc-
ulation applied by the veterinary surgeons, It having been observed in practice
that it is fortunate if 20 per cent of the cattle Inoculated are saved. In view'
of the lack of cattle many plantations and extensive tracts of farming land are
lying waste.
The lack of capital for cultivation is another difficulty with which our agri-
culture has to contend. The agriculturist, though anxious to extend his work
and develop cultivation with a view to securing good crops, is forced to remain
idle because of the difficulty in obtaining money, and this circumstance is
causing a great deal of discouragement in the exploitation of the soil.
The passage by the Congress of the United States of the act providing for
the creation of agricultural banks in the archipelago has caused great satis-
faction among the people of Negros Occidental, and it is believed that agricul-
ture will be greatly relieved by the establishment of such banks.
The locusts have become a veritable pest to agriculture and have destroyed
large quantities of rice, corn, sugar cane, etc.
The provincial government has adopted suitable measures for the extermina-
tion of the locusts in accordance with existing legislation, but these proved
abortive in practice in view of the passive resistance of the people, who ask
that they be given at least their food as a compensation for their work, which
request has been denied by the insular government, notwithstanding the per-
sistent i)etition of the provincial government.
It goes without saying that the low price of sugar and the habit of the
laborers of requesting advances of wages and deserting after having worked
for a few days, or not at all, leaving the agriculturist without laborers and
without the money advanced by him, which they do not refund, contribute also
to the decadence of agriculture.
<> Statistical data concerning school attendance, relative number of American
and native teachers, and school finances have been omitted and are on Hie In
the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
BEPOBTS OP PROVIKCIAL G0VBBN0B8. 413
I believe that the Insular goyernment should, for the best interest of these
islands, adopt the legislation suggested in my report for last year, abolishing
all customs duties on importations of agricultural machinery and implements,
and abolishing or reducing the Dingley tariff duties on sugar.' It is also to be
recommended that the Philippine Commission appropriate from insular funds
money for the extermination of the locusts and i^ass an act regulating the
service of day laborers.
INDUSTBT AND COMMERCE.
Industries, but on a small scale only, are the weaving of textiles of silk,
abaca, pineapple fiber and other material, fishing, the distilling of tuba, and
the making of straw hats and of sundry acticles of abaca, rattan, and cafia
espina.
Commerce is carried on to an ordinary extent; it is, with very few excep-
tions, monopolized by the Chinese.
ECONOMIC SITUATION.
The province Is passing through a period of rather severe economic depres-
sion, which is due to the fact that agriculture, the principal source of wealth,
is in a state of decadence and that industry and commerce do not give the
revenues desired.
PUBLIC INBTBUOTION.
Public instruction is gaining considerably In the eyes of the people, who
receive it with much pleasure and cordiifllty.
The number of children who attend school is increasing all the time and lacks
little of coming up to the attendance desired.
So great is the enthusiasm which the people feel for education that in many
barrios schoolhouses have been built at the expense of the inhabitants, and on
several estates at that of the proprietors. Several municipal presidents have
ceded their salaries to the cause of education, and there are private citizens
who pay the salaries of a few school-teachers. Mention must also be made of
the construction ai the school of arts and trades and of the high school, which
are almost completed and wiU be ready for the purposes to which they are
destined in less than two monihs.
The school of arts and trades has been built with cash donations by the
municipalities and private parties, the province paying 20 per cent, more or
less, to complete the contract price. This is another proof that the people take
up with solicitude any idea connected with instruction.
This edifice (the school of arts and trades) has been built according to
modem standards, lumber of the superior ^roup having been used for the
interior work and reenforced concrete for the exterior.
The high school has also been built according to modem standards, lumber
of the first group being used in its construction.
To complete the buildings destined to education, the provincial board is con-
templating the construction of a school of agriculture and a girls' dormitory.
FINANCES.
The balance struck on June 30 last shows the following funds on hand In the
provincial treasury:
General funds Wl, 879. 51
Road and bridge funds 21,111.04
Congressional relief funds 058.48
Funds of schools of secondary instruction 1 , 26, 667. 17
Municipal funds in the provincial treasury 13, 506. 74
Non-Christian inhabitants fund 1,084.10
Municipal dei)osits 53, 055. 18
Total 1 148, 262. 22
The following table contains the sums shOwnby the balance struck on June
30, 1906 ; the collections made from July 1. 1906, to June 30, 1907 ; the disburse-
ments from July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907, and the balance on the date last
mentioned.
414 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
General fund.
Balance June 30, 1906 ' ^43.436.71
Collection July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907 112.543.63
155, 980. 34
Disbursements July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907 , 124,100.83
Balance June 30, 1907 31,879.51
Road and bridge fund.
Balance June 30, 1906 ^ 19,020.39
Collection July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907 31,480.34
50,500.73
Disbursements July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907 29,389.69
Balance June 30, 1907 21,111.04
Congressional relief fund.
Balance June 30, 1906 915.52
Collection July 1, 1JK)6, to June 30, 1907 742.96
1, 658. 48
Disbursements July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907 700.00
Balance June 30. 1907 ^*_ 958.48
School building fund.
Balance June 30, 1906 32, 521. 58
Collection July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907 14,860.24
47 381. 82
Disbursements July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907 ^tt 2oi 714. 65
Balance June 30, 1907 26,667.17
Non-Christian inhabitants fund.
Balance June 30. 1906 466.56
Collection July 1. 1906, to June 30, 1907 617.54
Balance June 30, 1907 1,084.10
Municipal account.
Collection July 1. 1906, to June 30, 1907 195.604.81
PUBLIC W0BK8.
During the last twelve months the public works have been given great
impulse.
The provincial board has not spared time nor work to respond to the wishes
of the people of Negros Occidental, who have made sacrifices to pay their
taxes. It has endeavored to give preference to the public works and has
appropriated a large portion of the general provincial funds for that purpose.
The plan of the provincial board for distributing the provincial funds in an
equitable manner among the municipalities has given good results in practice.
It has been easy, therefore, to secure the efficacious support of the municipalities
and of the private citiaens for the execution and realization of many Improve-
ments, and it may almost be said that the success achieved is to a considerable
degree due to their support.
During the period of one year the following work has been done, aside from
other work of less importance.^*
« Omitted and filed In the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 415
Bridges, also of reeoforced concrete, are hi couBiruction at Taloc Pequefio,
8ibucao, Hilamonan, and Antlpolo.
Leading among the work in project are the construction of reenforced con-
crete of the Calumangan bridge at Bago, the Lulubcon bridge at Saravia, the
Magnanud bridge at Victorias, and the Catabla bridge at Talisay. However,
this worlE can not be executed promptly and easily, in view of the lack of funds
and of the fact that the province owes to the insular treasury the sum of
n6,000, which has been spent for school buildings.
In view of the fact that the Philippine Commission has passed acts remitting
the debts of the provinces of Iloilo, Capiz, etc., and that this province has
expended large sums to complete the construction of the high school and the
school of arts and trades, it would be reasonable if the Commission would remit
n6,000 which the province of Negros Occidental owes to the insular govern-
ment, with the condition that the province appropriate from its general funds
a like sum for the construction of bridges, said sum to be disbursed for the
purpose mentioned in two annual installments of K,000 each.
PUBLIC ORDER.
This province is enjoying continued tranquillity.
Since July, liK)6, the public order has beeu disturbed in the pueblos of
Kabankalan and Himamaylan by the babaylanes. On the night of February
12 of this year, toward 10 o'clock, 10 of these fanatics, followers of the noto-
rious Papa 1 8io,ft unexpectedly entered the barrio of Suay, and, once there,
recruited men and set fire to 24 huts of bamboo and uipa and to the public
school. Two hours later they retreated toward the hills, taking with them the
men whom they had recruited in the barrio, numbering about twenty. The
fanatics carried edged weapons, a serviceable rifle, an unserviceable shotgun,
and probably also two unserviceable rifles.
They remained for approximately three hours at a place in the hills called
Ililanionau, where spears of caiia bojo (bamboo) were prepared and distributed
to the men recruited at Snay.
At about 3 o'clock in the morning of the day following (February 13) they
marched to the barrio of Kabankalan, where the band, consisting of about
thirty-five i)er8ons, arrived between 5 and 6 o'clock in the morning. Here the
band was Joined by some eight persons of the barrio of Kabankalan, who were
recruited the same as those of Suay.
The band, consisting of some forty-five persons, then marched toward the
plaza of Kabankalan and the barracks of the constabulary.
The constabulary, of whom there were nine, upon perceiving the presence of
these babaylanes or pulahans, divided Into two sections, a corporal and three
privates going out to meet the pulahans, and the others remaining in the bar-
racks. The section first mentioned, perceiving the attitude of the pulahans,
fired upon them with their rifies, to which the pulahans replied with the only
serviceable rifie in their possession, wounding the corporal.
Then five of the maddest fanatics, dressed in red, engaged in a hand-to-hand
fight with the constabulary corporal and the three privates, the former being
killed by a gunshot and two bolo wounds and two of the privates receiving bolo
wounds. This caused such a panic among the inhabitants of the barrio of
Kabankalan and the five constabulary men in the barracks that they all fied
from the barrio, leaving the babaylanes in iwssesslon and at full liberty. These
sot fire to the best dwellings and to warehouses, schools, and shops, the damage
caused being estimated at ^00,000.
Two pulahans were killed and one wounded in the fray.
Since the disturbance related the babaylanes have not made further raids
and have been constantly pursued by the constabulary, municipal police, and
volunteers.
The occurrences at Suay and Kabankalan were due to the same motives as
raids of a similar nature which the babaylanes have made from time to time
during past years — to fanaticism and the mania of destruction.
POLITICS.
The proximity of the elections for delegates and of the provincial and munici-
pal elections has again stirred up the factional strife, which had almost ceased,
and the several parties are preparing for the electoral -struggle.
416 BBPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
The^party strife, which almost always degenerates into iiersonalities, is be-
coming more and more accentuated as the elections mentioned approach. Many
charges against municipal officers, filed recently with the provincial governor,
the provincial board, and the court of first instance, are the results of this fac-
tional strife, the principal purpose of the accuser being to render the accused
powerless and destroy his prestige, in order to secure influence and prestige for
himself and carry olf the victory during the coming election.
It being my belief that the same state of affairs still obtains and is perhaps
more pronounced than ever, I shall repeat what I said In my report of last year :
** In this province it can be clearly seen that the man at the top, instead of
being supported in his efforts to achieve the general welfare, is pulled down by
those below him in such manner that those who do the pulling- are wont to con-
ceal their actions as to bring the penalty for them to bear upon those whose
actions are open and above board and who generally are innocent of any wrohg-
doing.
" I have many times endeavored, as governor of the province, to put a stop
to these contentions, either by attempting to bring the different factions to-
gether or by granting them equal participation in the administration where
private citizens are permitted to Intervene; but my attempts have not brought
forth the desired result and my action has been taken as an evidence of weak-
ness and cowardice."
It is my opinion that in order to palliate these difficulties to a certain extent
and to prevent the people from engaging with so much frequency in electoral
struggles, losing their time and spending their money, the Oommssion should
pass an act increasing the terms of elective officers to three years.
Respectfully submitted.
Manuel Lopez,
Oovemor of the Province of Negros Occidental,
The Governob-Genebal.
Report of the Governor of Oriental Negros.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Oriental Neqros,
Dumaguete, July i, 1907.
Sir : I have the honor to forward my annual report for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1907.
Comparing the general conditions of the province during this year with those
of the fiscal year 1906, I can truly assert that fortunately there has been no
change in the generally favorable conditions, for, except the slight alarm or fear
in some of the northern municipalities, occasioned by the incidents which
occurred in Cabancalan (Occidental Negros), it is evident that absolute peace
and tranquillity has reigned and still reigns at this moment in all the munici-
palities of this province.
The financial condition of our provincial treasury has been no less satisfac-
tory and, therefore, also that of our municipal funds, though not in all the
municipalities.
In general terms, the condition is satisfactory, as will be seen further on,
although some data which I am obliged to report in all honor and truth, are.
unfortunately, eloquent proof of some evils, which hinder prosperity and wealth
from advancing as they would, were it not for calamities difficult to avoid and
still more difficult to solve.
ECONOMY and FINANCE.
I dnn assert that the financial condition, both of the province and of the
municipalities, is more prosperous and fiattering, and because of this they are
enabled better to fulfill their respective obligations and at the same time to
undertake public works and improvements which before were only projected.
During the year some extraordinary expenses were incurred, such as the
purchase of a building for the provincial government offices, located in the cen-
tral portion of Dumaguete, for ^300.
There has also been made available ^,000 for the purchase of a building for
the provincial Jail, which, aside from being located most appropriately, has ex-
cellent sanitary arrangements for the prisoners.
BEPORTS OF PROVINCIAIi GOVERNORS. 417
In addition to the sums already mentioned, W9,752.82 were expended for the
construction of a provincial school building in Dumaguete.
Beside these extraordinary expenses, work was done and improvements made
on our provincial roads, repairs of Importance were made on some of the
bridges, and some of them, the most important, are now being constructed in
the northern part of this province. At the present time it Is not possible to fix
the exact amount expended, and to be expended, for this most essential matter
of roads and bridges.
Arduous and constant labor has been carried on for some years in the posi-
tive Improvement of our roads and bridges.
The sums appropriated and those which may be made available for this
most essential work are very small If the almost constant repairs, which the
frequent rains compel, are considered.
It is, therefore, of urgent necessity that the appropriation for roads and
bridges be Increased if it is desired that the work already done, and to be done,
on our roads and bridges be of avail.
Finally, notwithstanding the extraordinary expenses above set forth, the
financial Condition of the provincial treasury is satisfactory, as is shown by
the statement hereto attached.
public' instruction.
Eloquently satisfactory data herewith demonstrate how the love of knowl-
edge and enlightenment, the true and only road to the happiness of a people,
has been awakened in our children.
It is gratifying to be able to state that the public schools in the munici-
pality of Luzuriaga, which were closed In the month of August, 1905, have
been reopened to our children.
As compared with the fiscal year 1906, the number of municipal teachers has
Increased, the number now being 128.
The number of American teachers at the end of the school year was 15, but
owing to departures for the United States and to transfers, this has been re-
duced to 10, leaving the province very Inadequately provided and retarding
greatly the progress of the schools.
To remedy this defect I suggest that in the future it be provided that this
province be furnished with Its quota of teachers at the beginning of the school
year, thereby obviating the necessity of leaving one-half of the school districts
in a lamentable state of disorganization during some months, and many of the
Filipino teachers without the proper instruction.
The number of students enrolled and the average attendance of the same In
the public schools has progressed in an entirely satisfactory manner."
The number of public schools has also Increased from 64 in the fiscal year
1906 to 80.
The provincial school in Dumaguete has now its own building, recently
finished, and for the construction of which the sum of K6,000 was appropri-
ated; the new location is excellent for Instruction on account of its centrallty
and sanitary conditions.
The following are suggested for the benefit of public Instmctlon :
(a) The establishment of an industrial school, especially with the object of
instructing the teachers of the primary classes, so that they may in turn intro-
duce this work into their schools.
(b) The enactment by the coming Philippine Assembly and the Philippine
Commission of a law authorizing the municipal councils to enact ordinances
obliging all children within certain ages to attend the public schools of the
municipality, during not less than thirty weeks each year.
Such a law would assure the regular attendance of the pupils and obviate the
present necessity of the teachers to devote part of their time In getting pupils
to enter the schools, and thereby enable the teachers to consecrate more energy
to the productive education of the students.
Of course this law — petitioned for on more than one occasion — would be con-
trary to the Philippine bill, but the condition of our Inhabitants requires a care-
ful consideration In order to solve the problem of securing the development and
"A table showing this has been omitted, and is on file In the Bureau of In-
sular Affairs, War Department.
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 27
418 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
advancement of public instruction necessary to nourish the Intelligence of those
who will be called in the future to be our business men and rulers.
The well-known and worthy Silliman Institute, established at Dumaguete,
cooperates very effectively in educational work. I do not believ^ it necessary
to repeat what has already been stated in former reports concerning this school,
except to say that each school year there are noted greater Improvements and
progress in the constantly increasing number of students enrolled.
Silliman Institute has a well-constructed and commodious dormitory for boys,
used each school year by an increasing number of students.
In view of this, I believe it very proper at this time to recommend the estab-
lishment of a dormitory for girls, in the capital of this province, as it would be
not only in the interests of public instruction, but of benefit to the moral and
social education of the girls.
INDUSTRY AND FACTOBIES.
Industry. — As has been very properly stated In former reports, this prov-
ince being so essentially agricultural, owes its chief wealth to the cultivation
of the soil, the sphere of manufacturing or altering raw materials being very
limited, the chief industry worthy of mention being the weaving of sacks,
mats, and nipa.
According to the data gathered, the sack industry is increasing, as during the
year it is estimated that 4,616,200 sacks valued at about nOO,000 were made.
These sacks are used in the exportation of sugar, but the greater part are
exported to the provinces of Cebu and Hollo, which are constantly making
demands for them.
The number of mats made, estimated at 10,276, are nearly all for local con-
sumption, very few being exported to other provinces.
As to nipa, the data furnished by the different municipalities of this prov-
ince give a total of 46,485,607 pieces.
Factories, — Manufacturing is one of the branches of wealth unknown here,
soap, however, being made by some Chinese merchants of Dumaguete.
The production of soap during the fiscal year just past is estimated at 370
quintals, more or less. Said quantity is only sufllcient for the consumption of
this province and no part thereof is for exportation to other provinces. All
the soap manufactured is of the common kind.
There is also, in the municipality of Tanjay, a small still for the 'distilling
of vino de nipa, but on a very small scale.
NATUBAL RESOURCES — F0BE8TAL, MINERAL.
As principal forest resources, timber and rattan are worthy of mention,
being the only ones exploited to any extent.
The island of Siquljor, and the municipalities of Guijulugan, Tolon, Tanjay,
and Bais are the most favored with forest resources, although in the munici-
palities of Bais and Tanjay the principal forest resources are rattans, timber
being of small importance; the contrary Is true of the municipality of Tolon.
During the past year about 2,000,000 rattans were cut, the larger part being
exported to the markets of Cebu, Hollo, and Bohol.
It is estimated that the amount of timber cut or taken out was some 16,420
cubic meters, for use solely for buildings of this province, there being no
record of any of it being exported to other provinces.
NONCHRISTIAN OR PAGAN TRIBES.
As civilization progresses in our municipalities, the number of hill men who
are, as a rule, peaceable and roam about our mountains in small tribes,
diminishes.
It Is certain that, owing to civilization, these non-Christian tribes are slowly
disappearing, at least in this province, many of the hill men little by little
taking up civil and political duties.
Especially In the municipalities of Bais, Tayasan, and Guijulugan, active
work is being carried on to attract these hill people to a civilized life, and there
are many who now have commercial relations with the residents of the barrios
nearest the mountains, and many who are tenants on fkrms located in the
municipalitieB.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINOIAL GOVEBNOBS. 419
On my trip to tbe municipality of Tayasan in the month of June last, a
petition signed by more than 500 hill men was presented to me, asking that
they be permitted to organize a barrio in the sitio of Anibong.
At the same time they also petitioned that a tract of government land be
granted, to be cultivated by them, and offering part of the returns therefrom for
Improvements of the barrio and the construction of schoolhouses.
To cooperate in this labor of civilization, voluntary police composed entirely
of these tribesmen have been organized in some, of the barrios in the northern
part of this province who, with praiseworthy enthusiasm and resolution, enlist
and fulfill strictly the mission with which they are charged, performing their
duties with great contentment and security, by reason of the inducement or
stimulus of the privilege of using firearms, which is granted them. They are
highly flattered and feel profoundly grateful, because they consider the act
of giving them firearms a proof of confidence on the part of the government,
since there has been, up to the present time, a certain fear among the tribesmen
because of their belief that the possession of all kinds of arms is prohibited
to them and that every agent of the authorities has the right to confiscate all
arms found in their possession.
It is unquestionable that the number of tribesmen in the interior of the
mountains has notably decreased, and this must be attributed principally to
civilization, which without doubt is progressing and constantly advancing
among the inhabitants.
According to recently acquired data and information, it is estimated that
there are from 13,000 to 18,000 hill men scattered throughout this province,
made up of tribes composed of several families, and it is estimated that from
2,000 to 3,000 hill men have chanjjed their residence and are now living in
barrios near the centers of population.
PUBLIC UKALTIf AND SANITATION.
The public health of this province has been highly satisfactory.
The epidemic of smallpox which made considerable havoc in some of the
municipalities during the first quarter of llXKi, has now completely disappeared,
and only a few cases have been registered of varioloid or what is known as
viruelas locas.
With the exception of what has just been stated, I can state, in general
terms, that the health conditions were excellent, and the same conditions con-
tinue, since no epidemic or disease persistently prevailed.
The following table shows by municipalities the total number of births and
deaths occurring during the period from July 1, 190«, to June 30, 1907.«
This table is evident proof that health conditions have notably improved,
since the total number of deaths was 2,719, as compared with 4,218 during
the fiscal year 1906.
This decrease in mortality is due to the disappearance of the smallpox
epidemic, to which the vaccination work carried on by the sanitary authorities
effectively contributed.
As to the recent reform In the department of public health, authorizing the
municipalities to organize sanitary districts comix>8ed of two, tljree, or more
municipalities, it is to be hoped that they will take advantage thereof, hasten
to organize sanitary districts, and aid In Improving the local public health
conditions and the public health conditions in general.
AGBICULTUBE AND COMMERCE.
At the commencement of this report I referred to some evils which beset
our agriculture, the principal and almost the only source of public wealth in
this province.
« These evils are the locusts which devastate our crops; rinderpest which
continually decimates, more and more, our draft animals; and, to make things
even worse, diseases among the domestic fowl, a thing unknown heretofore, at
least in this province.
In order to Judge of the havoc wrought by the Uwusts, and which still con-
tinues, to the crops and plantations, I append a table showing a total, more or
less approximate, of 42,080 cavans collected of that destructive insect during
the fiscal year.*
<» Omitted, and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department,
420 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
The munloipalitios which siiflfered most from the locusts are Aynqnltan, Tan-
jay, Tolon, Bo is, and Dauiu, where such plague constantly threatens to over-
come ail the efforts and siicrlfices th&t are being made to remedy the present
state of prostration, unfortunately existing In our agriculture for some years
past.
These data are not very complete, owing to the difficulty of ascertaining
exact figures, but they arc sufficiently eloquent to show the present state of
agriculture and the consequent losses experienced.
At present, in nearly eveYy municipality they are w^orking to exterminate
them, but the efforts and sacrifices made are not sufficient to check the vast
numbers of that insect, which each day, and with greater frequency than for-
merly, infest the fields and plantations.
It is to be noted also that in some municlrmllties the residents do not take
the Interest which they ought in the extermination of the locusts and their
young, owing to the fact that many, when engaging in such work, are obliged
to abandon their private matters, rendering It im|K)ssible for them to attend to
their own necessities and those of their respective families. Therefore, a law
providing payment of a certain sum for each cavan of locusts or their young
would be very desirable ai)d commendable.
To remedy the lack of draft animals there Is no other solution than the sub-
stitution of machinery, which is difficult to acquire on account of its high price
and the scarcity of capital. The problem of agricultural work Is difficult and
almost im[X)ssible of solution, and In consequence many of our agriculturists
are continually anxiously desiring, as an escape from ruin, the prompt estab-
lishment and operation of an agricultural bank, which by a moderate Interest
will free them from the i>enury in which the majority are now plunged.
Another of the evils which obstructs the favorable development of agriculture
in this region Is without doubt the difficult and faulty roads and means of
transportation, for notwithstanding the sums already expended thereon, and
those which are now being expended on roads and bridges, some of them are
not in a condition to afford transiwrtation for agricultural products and articles
of connnerce between the different municipalities.
The r>oor roads cause the agricultural products and the articles of commerce
to be sold in the mnnicipalltles where produced at a price very much lower
than could be obtained In other municipalities in the province.
The principal agricultural and commercial products are sugar, abaca, copra,
maize, tobacco, and cotton, the prices of which, as compared with those of the
fiscal year IfKJG, show a depreciation that. In turn, proves that our agricultural
wealth Is rapidly diminishing and is on the road to produce a general state of
disastrous consequences.*
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
Though the political conditions in this province during the fiscal year 1906
were satisfactory, they are even more so at the present time, owing to the
attainment of certain reforms.
Apart from the most complete tranquillity and peace noted In all the munici-
palities, it is very gratifying to consider here the benefits and advantages
secured In the iwlitical conditions.
The reforms referred to are:
First, the reorganization of the provincial boards, giving membership therein
to a Filipino, by reason of which the provincial public administration must im-
prove, as fortunately It has Improved, owing to the fact that the affairs are now
considered and determined with greater knowledge of their character, by virtue
of act No. 1583, which was recelveil with unanimous approbation by not only
our municipalities but all of our inhabitants.
Second, by virtue of this reform, which went into effect February 1, 1907,
both the provincial board and the resi>ective municipal councils and theUr
officers have succeeded In performing their duties in greater harmony with the
laws, as in this way they have greater opiwrtunlty and better facilities for
disi)osing of the numerous Inquiries which are daily presented upon doubtful
points of the law. This reform also redounds to the benefit of the administra-
tion of justice.
<> A table showing amount of each product raised has been omitted and is on
file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
HBP0BT8 OF PROVINCIAt OOVEBKOBS. 431
Third, another of the reforms benefiting the political conditions has been, and
now is, the creation of a constabulary post independent of that of Bacolod
(Occidental Negros) as it was formerly, as I am now assisted In a very prompt
and effective way in maintaining peace and public order.
Something has also been done, and continues to be done, in the organization
and discipline of our municipal iK)lice, in which the headquarters of the third
constabulary district have, effectively cooiierated with me, giving to the munici-
pal police better armaments, and recommending to the resi)ective municipal
presidents an excellent selection of the personnel thereof.
I have striven very hard, and have not desisted, in my earnest effort to
banish completely the religious differences which prevail here and which have
now, to our good fortune and that of all, censed to be as bitter as they were a
year ago.
I do not know whether this can be attributed to my constant efforts to make the
inhabitants comprehend that religious differences should not create division
and dissensions among the Individuals of different faiths, or whether the tran-
quillity and calm which is now observed In the religious struggles is only ap-
parent and temiM)rary, and due to the reappearance of the political parties,
which have been lawfully organized in nearly every part of the province.
At the present time all of the inhabitants are occupied with the present elec-
tion contest, in order to elect their delegates to the coming Philippine Assem-
bly, and without doubt, owing to this constant preoccupation and natural de-
sire, they have passed over the questions of a religious character.
It may therefore be said that the religious struggles have been succeeded by
the struggles of the political parties, and that although the latter are carried on
in an orderly manner and with mutual respect, yet some of the [)olitical notices,
prepared, doubtless under the excitement of the election, have contained phrases
or sentiments not much in harmony with what the law permits or sanctions
but, as a rule, these political contests are conducted with great order, mutual
respect, and harmony.
I have said that the religious struggles have been succeeded by the political,
but I must here advert to the important litigation that the Roman Catholic
Apostolic Church is waging against some of the municipalities, which, as defend-
ants, are at this time making titanic efforts to raise funds for the purpose of
maintaining their rights. These they believe are legitimate, indisputable, and
supported by the testimony of the oldest inhabitants of the municipalities, who
testify that the lands and buildings under discussion, and to which the Roman
Church now claims to hold an absolute title, are the property of our respective
municipalities.
It is true that our municipalities have funds, but they are absolutely neces-
sary to fulfill their respective obligaitons, and not sufliclent to allow them to
incur extraordinary expenses, such as are being caused on account of the fees of
the attorneys who represent them in the litigation and the defense of their
legitimate rights.
I do not desire to close this report without first calling attention to the good
and harmonious relations now existing between the provincial officers and the
provincial board, as well as between the officers of the constabulary and the
government and the people, all of which, together with what I have above
stated, place this province in an enviable political condition.
Respectfully submitted.
Hebmeneqildo Villanueva,
Oovemor of the Province of Oriental Xcgros,
The Govebnob-General.
422
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424 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Report of the Governor of Palawan.
Office of the Governor, Province of Palawan,
Puerto Princeaa, P. /., July 15, 1907.
Sir: In compliance with section 6 of act No. 1396, I have the honor to sub-
mit the following report of conditions in the Province of Palawan for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1907.
AGRICULTURE.
A satisfactory Increase in the amount of land cultivated over previous years
can be reported. The rice crop has been the largest since American occupation.
As a result of this there is no scarcity of palay in these months Just previous
to the coming harvest and the price to the poor people who are forced to pur-
chase palay for food is less* than in former years.
The recent high price paid for copra has induced the owners of cocoanut trees
to convert their cocoanuts into copra Instead of tuba. The result has been that
Palawan has shipped more copra this year than ever before. During the year
about 100,000 cocoanut plants have been set out.
Many of the farmers of Palawan are desirous of planting more abaca, but so
far we have been unable to secure sufficient seed or young plants from other
parts of the Philippines.
Cattle and carabao continue to be a profitable export. These animals are
usually shipped to the Iloilo market to replenish the losses of Panay and Negros.
There has been no rinderpest in Palawan.
It is to be regretted that the many thousands of acres of rich level land
in Palawan are lying idle for lack of inhabitants to occupy and cultivate them.
A great advantage to the country would accrue if sufficient Inducements could
be offered to secure occupants and cultivators of this land.
PUBLIC WORKS.
The public works tax provided for in act No. 1396 has enabled me to push
the construction of school and municipal buildings, bridges, etc., that could not
be built in former years because of lack of labor and funds.
A provincial secondary school building in Cuyo is about ready for occupancy.
This building, in materials and labor, is costing about nO,000, of which ^4,000
comes from the Congressional relief fund, and the remainder from the above-
mentioned labor tax.
I have started the building of a model bungalow in Cuyo, which will be util-
ized for the teaching of domestic science.
There have been expended W,000 in supplies and labor from the public works
tax in repairing an old school building in Cuyo, which will be used for industrial
work.
This labor tax has also enabled me to build and repair 15 barrio school
buildings, as well as to extend piers, open and widen trails, and build bridges.
Several hundred school desks have been built In the provincial workshop.
A new hard-wood wharf, 300 feet long, has been completed at Puerto Prlncesa.
There have been expended W,000 In materials and labor in repairing and
furnishing provincial buildings.
The auxiliary sailboat, built for this province last year, has proved a suc-
cess in every way. With it, more frequent visits have been made to isolated
parts of the province at a comparatively small cost for crew and maintenance.
NATURAL RESOURCES.
Timber and secondary forest products continue to be the largest exports.
I^rge quantities of railroad ties and telegraph poles are being cut in the
northern part of the railroads of Panay and Negros. From central Palawan
the timber is shipped in the log to the Manila market. Southern Palawan
furnishes much almaciga and bejuco, which is mostly shipped via Balabac to
Singapore.
EDUCATION.
For the first time since the establishment of English schools in Palawan,
It has become possible to begin opening, some outside the principal towns. A
number of young teachers, educated in the schools of Cuyo and PuCTto Prln-
cesa, are now available and are being employed to teach in the barrio schoola
REPORTS OF PROYIKGIAL. 'OOVEBNORB. 425
I
Within a few months schools will be opened in all the more important
barrios and villages. It can be understood how difficult it is to secure teachers
for these isolated barrios, when it is linown that some of the largest barrios
•are from 40 to 100 miles distant from the municipal headquarters.
There are well equipped Industrial schools at Cuyo and Puerto Princesa.
Little has been done, as yet, in industrial work, because of the difficulty in
securing teachers competent to carry on this important work.
Agricultural instruction (practical) is given in Cuyo and Puerto Princesa
by American teachers. I believe more stress should be laid on this work. This
is an agricultural country and better methods of farming are more necessary
to the majority of school children than history, grammar, etc.
FINANCE.
The townships are, as before, all self-supporting, and with the help of the
public works labor tax are able to carry on necessary local improvements.
The provincial revenue (local), internal-revenue refunds, and miscellaneous,
amounting approximately to ^6,000, has been slightly greater than in previous
years. This revenue, in addition to the P18,070, received by appropriation from
Insular funds for general provincial expenses, has been adequate for all neces-
sary expenses.
Because of the good crops, ample employment among timber cutters, and
absence of cattle diseases, conditions have been fairly prosperous among the
inhabitants during this fiscal year. The little suffering that might be en-
countered can be traced to the lack of industry, or ignorance on the part of
the sufferers.
A decided improvement is to be seen in the police of Cuyo and Coron that
have been turned over to the constabulary for organization and discipline. I
expect soon to request that the p6lice of the other towns be also turned over
to the constabulary. The inspectors of constabulary have better opportunity
and more time to devote to the municipal police than I have.
There have been no serious crimes before the courts during the year.
The provincial prisoners are well housed and fed. They are employed In the
recently built and equipped provincial workshop, in the building of school and
office furnishings, and the repair of provincial buildings.
Frequent cases of the so-called "private crimes," as incorporated in the
Spanish penal code, occur.
Laws that would make these acts crimes against the public, and compelling
the fiscal to prosecute the perpetrators of same, would be a great benefit.
Bastardy Is so common that measures should be taken to compel the father
of a bastard child to marry the mother and support the child or go to prison.
During the past year the Iwahig penal colony has made rapid steps to the
front. The organization and discipline In the colony have been vastly improved.
The colonists are working more faithfully than under former management and
show a more contented spirit.
Steps should be taken to bring to Iwahig the families of the good conduct
men. The success of the agricultural work at Iwahig will furnish a splendid
object lesson to the farmers, In showing them what can be accomplished by
careful cultivation.
NONCHRISTIAN TRIBES.
Conditions among the Mohammedan and pagan tribes are practically the same
ns last year. The rice crop was good among the Taglmnuas and Pala wanes.
All the different tribes have been peacefully following their ordinary vocations
of raising palay and gathering almaciga and bejuco.
A start was made in the organization of the Moros of southern Palawan which
promises satisfactory results.
Recently fleets of Moro vintas have been coming to Palawan from the Tawi
Tawi and Samales groups of islands, and from the Islands around Slasl, for the
purpose of fishing and piracy. Several acts of piracy have already been com-
mitted by these fleets. The collector of customs at Balabac is assisting in the
426 BEPOBT OF THk PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
driving of these pirates out of Palawan waters by patrolling the localities fre-
quented by them with the customs cutter stationed at Balabac.
Southern Palawan formerly was a slave gathering field for these *' Samals,'*
as they are called here, and the mere rumor that Samals are coming is enough
to drive an entire village to the hills.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
I feel compelled to speak here of some of the wrongs and abuses growing out
Of the conditions of peonage, In which many of the poor and ignorant live, and
to respectfully recommend legislation to alleviate these conditions.
Great injury is done to ignorant people through securing their acceptance to
contracts or agreements, which they sign or agree to, verbally, and thus con-
sider themselves obliged to fulfill, although the debtor, through ignorance of
what he is doing or fear of the creditor, contracts to return double, treble, or
more times, the value of what he has received.
A common practice is to advance foodstuffs or cloth during time of scarcity
of palay previous to the harvest and demand the return of double the quantity
after the harvest. If these are not then paid they are again doubled after the
next harvest or are given a money value when price of food articles are at their
highest, and in this manner the debt proceeds to increase from* year to year.
I have found many poor ignorant people serving masters for debt the source
and amount of which they were unable to tell; some serving to satisfy the
debts of parents and even graudrm rents.
Owing to the fact that the debtor usually is unable to road or write, he keeps,
no record of the articles received, and the result Is that frequently he finds
himself charged with those he never received.
These additions are usually mixed in with articles secured a year or two past,
the creditor trusting to the forgetfulness of the debtor.
Another common practice is for the creditor, who Is being served by a debtor,
to sell the debt to a third party In case the creditor has no further use for the
services of the debtor, and to compel the debtor to go to the house of the pur-
chaser of the debt and continue service in payment thereof.
I believe there should be laws enacted compelling the making and signing of
all contracts, wherein any one of the parties interested Is unable to speak, read
and write English or Spanish, in the presence of some regularly authorized
government official, whose ix)sltion would be a reasonable guaranty of his hon-
est5% who would be required to satisfy himself that no usurious rate of interest
enters into the contract, and that a just and equitable wage Is allowed in case
one party contracts to serve another. The minimum wage allowance and maxi-
mum interest that can be collected should be established by law.
All such contracts should be examined and audited each year until settled
In the presence of both parties to the contract, a written account should be pre-
pared of debits and credits accruing for services, etc., and the balance due
should be certified to in writing by the auditing ofllclal and certified copies of
this account corrected to date given both debtor and creditor.
It should be unlawful to transfer to a third party any debt wherein the
debtor has contracted to satisfy any part of the debt by labor.
No one should be required to satisfy the debt of a deceased parent or other
relative, even if the person Is legally liable for the payment of the debts of
such relative, unless the creditor can show a properly certified audit of the
account made within a year of the death of the deceased relative.
Furthermore, it should be a misdemeanor for a parent or other realtlve to
place a child under 15 or 16 years of age in the hands of a creditor to satisfy
a debt of the parent or relative by i)ersonal service.
If measures would be enforced comi)elling every man, who is not regularly
employed at a wage, nor has an income sufficient to support himself and fam-
ily, to cultivate and plant a certain area, the minimum to be fixed by the vari-
ous provincial boards, according to the amount of public land available, the
land owned by the Individual, and the amount of land one man can properly
cultivate, the condition of the poor people would in time be greatly bettered.
After, for nearly seven years, closely obsening the condition of the poor and
ignorant natives of these islands, and I have been so located that I have come
in close contact with them, I can clearly see that this condition of peonage and
the matter of debt is the curse of these i)eo\jle, who constitute the vast majority
of the Filipinos.
KEPOBTB OF PROVINOIAL. G0VEBN0B8. 427
No great adyancement can be brought about among them until the govern-
ment enforces Just laws regulating debt and personal service.
The people should be compelled to work, but for their own benefit and profit,
and they should not be permitted to expend their total force, which, owing to
climatic conditions, is necessarily small, for the sole benefit of the masters.
Very little interest has been shown in the present political campaign and
about only 270 voters have registered to vote on July 30 for representative to
the Assembly.
Health conditions have been as good as could be expected in a province
where there are no physicians. The physician at the Iwahig colony has given
valuable assistance to the sick coming into Puerto Princesa. Authority has
been received to place the sick who need hospital attendance in the hospital at
Iwahig.
Respectfully submitted.
EIOW. Y. MiLLEB,
Oovernor of the Province of Palawan,
The Governor-General.
Report of the Governor of Pampanga.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Pampanga,
San Fernando, June SO, 1907.
. Sir : I have the honor, In compliance with the provisions of act No. 1044, to
submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907.
agriculture.
During the year now drawing to its close there has been little or no improve-
ment in the state of prostration of our agriculture, which is of several years*
standing. The prin9ipal crops, sugar and rice, were a failure this year, the
same as last year's crops; not because of any fault on the part of the agri-
culturists, but on account of meteorological conditions, this being the third
year that we have had the same experience — an excessive and protracted drought
during the months when some rain was necessary tor the development and pres-
ervation of the crops.
This general prostration of agriculture — so far as this province is concerned,
at least— has been particularly hard on sugar growers. It was due, in addi-
tion to the causes mentioned in previous reports, the lack of cash, laborers and
draft cattle, and the more or less primitive methods of growing and manufac-
turing its products, to the present high cost of producing the same, and to the
fact that often the producer, after going to this expense, is unable to find a
buyer at a reasonable price, compensating him for the expense of production
and enabling him to continue in business.
The sugar growers having established their plantations expressly for the pro-
duction of sugar, they would find it exceedingly difficult to change to some other
crop, more profitable to them, because the land chosen by them being high, is
suitable for growing sugar cane, but not rice, which needs lowland, and to start
anew and try crops other than those of which we have spoken, would entail a
material loss of time, and consequently of money, which they unfortunately do
not possess.
Among the modern agricultural machinery introduced are 4 steam plows, 5
steam thrashers for rice, and about 30 rotary disk plows for animal traction.
All this machinery is of American manufacture and is giving satisfactory
results.
In a few localities there has been a repetition of the excessive mortality
among horses, carabao, and neat cattle, but of a more benign character, the
damage wrought being much smaller than that registered during previous years.
We are confident that it is possible to remedy this situation by: (a) The
sugar growers endeavoring by all possible means to reduce the cost of producing
428 BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
sugar to a considerable extent; (b) The establishment of agricultural mortgage
banks; (c) The reduction of the Dlngley tariff duties on Philippine sugar enter-
ing the United States.
GOMMEBCE.
The greater number of the commercial transactions concern the purchase and
sale of its agricultural products, and for this reason the commercial movement
has been of much less Importance this year than last. To the transactions
aforementioned must be added the importation of articles of first necessity and
of common use — as for instance clothing, purchased by the merchants at Manila
and resold throughout the province. The Importation of articles not of first
necessity and of fancy goods is decreasing from day to day, not because of a
lack of consumers, but of the lack of money resulting from poor crops, and
especially from decline In the prices of sugar, the principal product.
Other business transactions pertain to the products of Industries on a small
scale, which are of such small Importance that we refrain from mentioning
them.
ECONOMICS.
The contents of the preceding two chapters, headed ** Agriculture " and " Com-
merce," necessarily enter one way or the other into the discussion of the
economical condition, which was not very brilliant at the end of the year 1906,
but has somewhat improved recently, especially to the benefit of the needy
class, which is always the first to suffer in times of want. This change for the
better is largely due to the opportune beginning of the work on the right of
way for the two branch lines of the Manlla-Dagupan Railroad, from San Fer-
nando to Florida Blanca, and from Dau to Magalang. It is also due, in part,
to the public works undertaken by the province In connection with the con-
struction and repair of roads, bridges, and culverts. All this work, especially
the railroad work, gives employment and sure wages to thousands of persona,
which is a great boon to them, and enables them to defray their most necessary
living expenses.
Notwithstanding this economic crisis, the province has been and Is making
all possible efforts to collect delinquent taxes, owing for the past years, prior
to the suspension for two years of the collection of the land tax, which efforts
generally give satisfactory results, because the present economic crisis affects
mostly the needy classes, but has less effect upon the owners of the rural prop-
erty subject to taxation.
INDUSTRY.
Among the principal industrial establishments there are at present the fol-
lowing : Seven distilleries of alcohol and native wines ; 9 cigar factories (cigars
made by hand); 8 cigarette factories; 6 cigarette factories (cigarettes made
by machine) ; 7 rice-hulling mills; 17 establishments for the manufacture and
repair of all sorts of vehicles, such as carriages, calesas, qulles, carromatas,
and carts.
Many pueblos have Industries on a small scale, such as the making of shoes
and hats, tailoring, and weaving, all the work being done by hand.
The inhabitants of the country bordering on the Rio Grande, esi)ecially the
women, are engaged In the manufacture of hats from the leaves of the buri
imlm, which are coming into general use among the poorer classes, because of
their firmness, light weight, and cheapness.
FINANCES.
The financial situation of this province, a? a result of the transactions of the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1907, seems to be relatively satisfactory, as a perusal
of the following tables will show :
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL G0VEBN0B8.
429
statement of revenues for the fiscal year 1907,
BovLTcm.
General
fund.
Road and
bridge
fund.
Municipal.
Mhcalla.
neous.
Total.
Registry of property.
^■414.12
11.163.19
396.85
135.24
3.194.09
1.584.96
5.144.83
25.641.00
19.978.25
1P'414.U
SalflB. lupplleB
11,163.19
896.85
Court's fees
1
135.24
MlsGellaneous . _._
'ri'sraTii"
"ri.swlw"
9,104.47
26.641.00
29.812.82
8.287.50
85.875.17
1.818.80
3.301. OO
20.520.20
8.467.64
3.098.83
415.00
88.60
8.0O
55.00
13.83
238.30
ri47l62*
3.194.09
Cart taxes
3.160.90
Land taxes
16.821.51
Cedulas „.
51.282.00
Refund, Internal revenue
49.968.09
Licensee, act No. 1189 .
3 287.50
^fi^iid. land ta'^c . -J
47,214.81
23.e07.38
156,197.84
PIsherles J
1.818.80
Cattle certificates _
3,801.00
Rpnts and prnfit8
20.620.20
Licenses
8.467.54
Fines
3,068.86
Opiunn nertlflrntps. ._ . _ _
415.00
Sales, stray anlmal6- , -
88.60
Refund to school fund. Arayat and
Mabalacat
8.90
Refund to school fund. Mexico
55.00
Refund to school fund, Bacolor '
18.38
Burial permits .-..—.......-._..
238.80
OfwrieterTni . .
2,506.65
2.606.65
Total
114.662.34
26,179.57
192,826.80
2,668.67
836.621.88
Htatrment of vjrpcnditurvs for the fiscal year 1907,
Purpose.
Salaries. ofQcials ri4,
Salaries, employees _ I 27,
Bq>aJr and construction of buUdlng.
Travellng expenses
Rent of buildings
Office supplies—
Permanent equipment
Court fees
Sheriff fees
Feed ing^ prisoners
Bonds.. _
Cost, tax sales
Postage.
Bflsoellaneous
Transfers to munlcipBllty..
,241.42
,968.67
,011.12
,167.76
,915.00
,700.28
,484.85
784.00
521.17
.752.44
943.10
20.00
.513.80
,058.35
Total 75,086.94
Road and
bridge
fund.
r9.842.43
1,210.16
6.65
1,400.28
y^.674.84
880.27 28.456.74
12.828.79 31.030.58 204,969.16
Municipal
fund.
7*204.959.16
Total.
714,241.42
27,908.67
12.358.56
3.167.76
3,155.16
4,706.01
11,418.97
784.00
621.17
4.762.44
948.10
20.00
1.513.80
83.374.80
a04.969.16
328.905.47
PUBLIC INSTBUCTION.
The following school buildings were repaired and constructed during the
school year:
Reconstruction and completion of the work on the former provincial school
of arts and trades at Bacolor, at the approximate cost of W3,000; general
repair of the municipal school for the capital, San Fernando, at a cost of
W.5(X) ; construction of an intermediate school building at Arayat, at a cost of
^8,500, this sum having been expended, without the work being completed, and
the construction of 18 schoolhouses In the barrios.
Number of American teachers, 27 ; Insular native teachers, 12, and municipal
teachers, 207.
The average daily attendance of the public schools by children of both sexes
is as follows : ^
<> Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Deimrtment.
480 BEPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION,
. The average dally attendance of the provincial schools by pupils of both sexes
Is as follows:
San Fernando high school 223
Bacolor arts and trades school 113
General total :
Primary 9,014
Intermediate 234
High school 223
Arts and trades. school c 113
9,584
The great progress achieved through the present system of Instruction Is
evident and Is recognized by all ; hence It will not be necessary to repeat here
what has been said on this subject In previous reports. I only wish to say that
it is to be desired that the present force of teachers, especially of Americans,
while it can not be Increased, as weighty reasons prevent this, be at least not
reduced. There have been nine American teachers less this year.
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.
The following improvements have been made during the year: Roads con-
structed, 8.78 miles; roads repaired, 1.27 miles; roads slightly repaired, for their
preservation and maintenance, 22.85; bridges constructed, 26; and bridges re-
paired, 7. For all of these improvements, including the work of embanking the
river road in its entire length from Apalit to Arayat, the examinations and sur-
veys made, the erection of monuments showing the municipal and provincial
boundary lines, and supplies and material used for said work, the sum of
K7,204.07 has been expended.^*
POLITICAL CONDITIONS. '
Complete tranquillity has prevailed, which shows that the people are learning
and are becoming accustonied to the enjoyment of the benefits granted to them
by the present system of civil government wisely implanted In these islands.
Cattle stealing has decreased considerably, compared with what It used to be.
In view of the ai)proaching election of delegates to the first Philippine
Assembly, one of the political parties at present militating in this country, the
opposition party known as Partido Independista Inmediatista, taking advantage
of the Inaction of the other party, the administrative party known formerly as
Partido Federal, and now as Partido Nacional Progresista, started in this prov-
ince an active campaign of propaganda of its radical theories and aspirations,
the principal leaders, headed by Doctor Gomez, showing great zeal In preaching
to the masses the idea of immediate independence, as the panacea for all the ills
of which this country is suffering.
In view of this propaganda, of fatal results for the present situation of this
country, the members of the other party, the Progresistas, began to work with
great energy and to gather together all the sound forces and most prominent ele-
ments of the province, for the purpose of preventing, by their united action, the
doctrines of the Partido Inmediatista, which are irrational under the present
circumstances, taking root. In this work they were aided by the board of direc-
tors of the Partido Progresista, which had conceived the happy idea of sending
to this province a few of its members, under the leadership of the active, sincere,
and enlightened Dr. T. H. Pardo de Tavern, who has, with th'e faith and self-
denial of the true missionary, gone to all sorts of sacrifices, traveling through
nearly all the pueblos of Pampanga, to spread In public meetings and private
conferences not only the altruistic puriwses of the American Government in
I these islands and its decided efforts to aid us in securing, within a short time,
our complete indei)endence on a democratic basis; but also the efficiency and
excellence of the means of attaining the political status, embodied in the plat-
I form of the Partido Nacional Progresista.
» Statistics as to prisoners and charges against them have been omitted and
filed In the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
BBPOBTS OP PROVINOIAL GOVBBNOES. 481
Thanks to the enthusiasm, ardent faith, and irrefutable arguments of Dr. P. de
Tavera and his companions, success accompanied their campaign against the
principles and proceedings of the radicals, and for the .doctrines of the Partido
Nacional Progresista, and the principal ends were achieved: The sensible, cul-
tured and most influential people of the province of Pampanga were convinced,
their good will was won for the present administration, and they were relieved
of the evil influence of the malcontents and demagogues.
PUBLIC Health and htgibne.
The condition of the public health has been excellent, with the exception of
a few fatal cases of cholera which occurred during the months of July, August,
September, October, and November, 1906. There has also been considerable mor-
tality among the horses, carabao, neat cattle, and other domestic animals.
The following data show the exact condition, so far as the public health is
concerned: Number of births, 10,363; number of deaths from sundry diseases,
7,903, and from cholera, 790 — a total of 8,773 deaths. There were vaccinated
109,585 persons, 46,071 with positive results, and 35,751 with negative. Number
of cattle which died from diseases: Horses, 13 of glanders, and 10 of surra;
carabao, 573 of rinderpest; neat cattle, 29 of rinderpest.
Nine artesian wells have contributed considerably to the improvement of the
public health. These wells were sunk with machinery belonging to the bureau
of public works at Manila, and it is much to be regretted that this machine
could not be continued boring wells in other municipalities where they were
needed, because by order of the bureau above mentioned they were taken out
of the province to do similar work elsewhere. In view of this fact the prov-
ince, which is firm In Its purpose to have such wells In all the municipalities
where they are needed, If possible, and to endeavor to reduce the cost of the
same. Is now cherishing the idea of purchasing on its own account the ma-
chinery and apparatus necessary for boring wells.
It has been observed that In the municipalities having artesian wells, there
has been a decrease In the number of cases of typhoid fever, Infectious fevers In
general, dysentery and diarrhea, and if they have not disappeared completely,
it is because one well is not sufficient to furnish good water to the inhabitants
of barrios distant from the town proper.
Respectfully submitted.
M. ASNEDOr
Gnvemor of the Province of Pampanga,
The Govebnob-Genebal.
ReFOBT or THE (tOVEBNOB OF PANGASINAN.
[Translation.]
Office of the Govebnob, Pbovince of Panoasinan,
Lingayen, P, /., July 30, 1907.
Sib: The provincial governor of Pangasinan has the honor In compliance
with act No. 1044 and the circular of the executive secretary of May 8 last,
to submit his annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30,. 1907.
OENEBAL condition.
Generally speaking, the province enjoys relative prosperity, and is progress-
ing and developing In political, economic, and social respects.
Although various religious faiths exist In this province, namely, the Roman
Catholic, the Agllpayan, and the Protestant creeds, and though there were
several political parties, namely, the Nacional Progresista, the Inmedlatlsta,
the Urgentlsta and the Union Naclonallsta, now reduced to two, the Nacional
Progresista and the Union Naclonallsta, peace, order, and tranquillity have not
been disturbed at any time, in spite of the intolerance of certain ministers
of religion and leaders of political parties.
It should be the endeavor pf every provincial governor to devise means for
extending and securing to all the inhabitants of his province happiness, pros-
perity, and the enjoyment of the benefits of the political as well as the social
Institutions, and this being so, I had to employ voluntary labor and contribu-
482 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
tlons, for the reason that the existing municipal and provincial fnnds were
insufficient to defray the many expenses required for the attainment of tboae
ends. I refer particularly to the expenses connected with the construction of
provincial and municipal schools and buildings in each barrio or district, the
organization of a rural police force in each barrio, to aid the municipal police
in the maintenance of order and peace, and to guard the security of persons
and property, and other things redounding to the benefit of the community.
The province may be estimated to have a superficial area of 4,000 square
kilometers. The 41 municipalities of which it is composed are spread over that
area, and It is no exaggeration to estimate that there are in this province
approximately 800 miles of wagon roads, and 500 bridges and culverts, more
or less. The extensive territory of the province is inhabited by approximately
439,000 people, who are scattered, part in small communities, at great distances
from the center of population of each municipality, and part along the high-
ways which connect the several municipalities. It would therefore be very
difficult, and in some cases even impossible, to make any institution available
to a large part of the population.
AGBICULTUBE.
The suggestions constantly made by me, both In conventions and by means
of circulars, In regard to agriculture, and particularly as to the planting of
cocoanuts and maguey, are producing positive results, and the expectation of
future prosperity has awakened love of work and Industry in the Inhabitants.
It is estimated that the last harvests of rice, tobacco, mangos, and sugar
show an Increase of from 20 to 25 per cent over those of the preceding year.
The planting of maguey and cocoanuts has Increased throughout the province,
and particularly in the municipalities transferred to it from Zambales, to
such an extent that it Is difficult to obtain seed plants at even double the
current price. In the munlclimllty of Bollnao alone, 1.000,000 plants have
recently been set out, and on my last visit of Inspection to these and to other
pueblos annexed from Zambales, I viewed with some astonishment the progress
that had been made in the setting out of maguey and cocoanut plants. The
planting Is still continued with much enthusiasm.
The suspension for two years of the land tax, the free use of carts with
tires prohibited by act No. 774, the reduction of the tax on carts, and the
Improvement of the roads, have greatly contributed to alleviate the condition
of the agriculturists.
Although the sugar crop has been excellent, Its producers had to lament the
small demand and the low prices paid.
The great mortality among the draft animals continues, and their visible
decrease is due perhaps to the small number of such animals now in this
province. The theft of live stock is very common, and the laws enacted for
the protection of this class of property, and the penalties provided for putting
a stop to this great evil which deeply affects agriculture, seem Ineffective.
I repeat that the news of the establishment of an agricultural bank Is the
dream of the agriculturists.
INDUSTRY, COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES.
No change worthy of mention has occurred since my last annual report.
It is extremely difficult at present to obtain data with which to determine
more or less api)roxlmately the Importance of the Industries, commerce, and
manufactures. Ordinarily as In other provinces the producers on a large or
small scale are themselves the manufacturers, thus for example, the producer of
the sugar cane converts It Into sugar, basl, or vino, the producer of indigo
converts it Into dye, and the nlpa grower converts his tuba Into vino or vinegar.
Every family manufactures and sells mats, hats, pouches, sacks, etc.
POLmCAL, SOCIAL, AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS.
This province was composed of 32 municipalities ; when, upon recommendation
of the provincial board and by virtue of act No. 1550, nine former municipal-
ities— Aguilar, Alava, Balungao, Natividad, Santa Maria, San Manuel, Santa
Barbara, San Jacinto, and Urblstondo — which had been annexed to others, were
segregated and reconstituted on January 1, 1007.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 433
By reRolntion of the provincial board of May 22, 1907, two iietitions were
forwarded to the executive secretary, one from the inliabitants of San Isidro
and the other from those of Mapandan, which pueblos are now annexed to the
municipalities of Sual and Manga Idan, respectively, concerning their reorganiza-
tion. These petitions are now awaiting the decision of the Commission.
I have observed that in this province at least, the fusion of one municipality
with another, instead of resulting l>eneflciany, has, on the contrary, produced
bad effects, because the pueblos annexed are completely neglected, their public
squares are converted into a wilderness, their buildings are in a state of ruin,
their roads wholly impassable, and their inhabitants indifferent to the munici-
pal interests. These reasons imiielled the provincial board to projwse the reor-
ganization of the munlciiMilities above mentioned, and it is ix)ssible that in the
future it may propose the reorganization of others and the constitution of cer-
tain barrios into municipalities or townships, according to their resources and
population. With these organizations, although small, the desideratum of mak-
ing the public Institutions, as well as the diffusion of teaching and education,
effective over the greatest extent of territory and available to the greatest
number of the people, would undoubtedly be attained.
Boundary disputes have arisen in several of the municipalities; some of
them date from the Spanish domination and are still pending decision, partly
because of the deficiency of the records, and partly because during the i>resent
fiscal year the provincial board has given special attention to other matters
more important to the government. The attention of the provincial board has
also been absorbe<l by various investigations arising from contested elections
and denunciations of the acts of municipal ofiiclals.
In my visits of inspection I found it necessary to remain from twenty-four
to forty-eight hours In some of the municipalities for the purix)se of giving
public le<»tures in the towns and the barrios, which were attendetl by the
members of the council and other municipal officials, with the object of explain-
ing to the inhabitants, in the dialect of each locality, the rights and duties of
citizenship. In the offices of the municipal presidents and secretaries, with
very few exceptions, I have noticed certain defects In the dispatch of business,
the handling of the papers and civil records, and in other respects, and in
order to remedy them, I have given svitable Instructions to insure a strict
compliance with the laws.
As a result of my efforts with the municipal officials and my continuous pub-
lic lectures in the municipalities and barrios, I have the satisfaction of stating
that public spirit has been awakened, which is demonstrated by the roads,
bridges, and culverts, the schoolhouses and municipal buildings In the barrios,
and the organization of rural police, all brought about by voluntary labor
and contributions. As models I can cite MalasiquI and BInalonan, municipali-
ties of the third class which, with less income than the majority of those of
the same class, have consummated the following improvements :
Description.
MalasiquiJ-
Binalonan_
A. Municipal public square, lighted by kerosene lamps, with two
bandstands.
B. Municipal government building.
C. Windmill over a well, with a water tank, which supplies the
municipal. building and the public baths.
n. Public baths.
E. Municipal government building. This municipality has under
project another building for an Intermediate school, the plans
of which are being revised by the consulting architect.
During the months of September, October, and November, 10(H>, active
political agitation was carried on In some of the municipalities by delegates
from the Manila headquarters of the Inmedlatlsta, Unlonista, and TJrgentlsta
political parties, who had come for the puriwse of forming local committees.
In the months of April and May last, some of the directors of the Partido
Xacional Progresista traveled through the municipalities organizing local com-
mittees and are still engageci in this work.
Both parties have their committees In many of the municipalities, but fortu-
nately no disorders have occurred, although some of their leaders at times
abused the right of free speech.
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 28
434 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISStON.
The character of the inhabitants in general w eminently {peaceful and con-
servative, and I can state without hesitation that this political agitation will not
continue beyond the date of the elections.
Gambling and cockpits are sources of crimes, the ruia of many families, and
never-failing sources of revenue for certain persons belonging to the wealthy
classes, who boast of being the directors of the policy of the municipalities.
These evils also deprive agriculture and Industry of a large part of the laborers
so necessary to them. The measures adopted for their restriction beiniz: of no
avail, and the laws enacted for their prosecution and punishment having? re-
mained dead letters. It is hoped that a special law will be immediately enacted
to put an end to gambling and to restrict cockpits, eliminating the three days
of cockfighting on the occasion of the feast of the patron saint of each munic-
ipality, as the fiestas in the several municipalities are arranged to follow each
other.
The following prisoners were confined in the provincial jail on June IV),
1907.«
The convicted prisoners are employed on the public works and provincial
roads; in the daily cleaning of the provincial government building, and in the
workshop under the supervision of the provincial treasurer.
The detained and sentenced prisoners are kept in distinct apartments, there
being two other apartments — one for women and the other for minors under
18 years of age. The jail also has a sick ward and a dispensary, furnished with
current medicines and appliances and instruments of surgery necessary for
first aid.
The sick are attended by the president of the municipal board of health of
Lingayeu, a licensed physician, assisted by the warden, who has a practical
knowledge of medicine.^
The following Improvements have been effected in the provincial jail :
(a) The substitution of the wooden floors of the jail or living apartments of
the prisoners by cement laid over a foundation of concrete one foot thick,
<b) The substitution of the wcKwien doors of the jail by iron gratings, and of
the principal Interior door by a double door of Iron grating.
(c) New iron gratings for the windows of the jail.
(d) The setting ajmrt of six cells, with doors of Iron gratings, for the chas-
tisement of refractory prisoners, and for the safe-keeping of prisoners sentenced
to capital punishment during their stay in the jail.
(e) A bathroom, with the proper showers, drains, etc.
The Jail is provldeii with acetylene lights and with water pii)es for its inte-
rior use.
The three religious denominations — the Roman Catholic, Filipino Independent,
and Meth(xii8t Episcopal — continue apparently In fraternal and friendly rela-
tions. All their adherents behave as peaceful citizens should, respecting each
other's religious beliefs, and do not give cause for the intervention of the author-
ities or their agents.
ECONOMIC CONDITION.
The following table shows the receipts and expenditures of the provincial
treasury for the fiscal year 1907:
Philippine. Local.
On hand July 1, 1006 1^80,007.43 f=l,r)()7.58
Receipts during the year 275,547.56
Exiienses 323,663.05
Balance on hand June 30, 1007 32, 791. 94 107. 40
It is not possible for me to give the same information in regard to the receipts
and expenditures of the municipalities. The municipal expenditures are not
known to the office of the provincial treasurer, since the monthly accounts are
rendennl directly to the district auditor by the municipal treasurers.
The sum of KS23,663.05 api)earlng above as exi)en8es Includes the sums ex-
pended for public works of a municipal character, various supplies sold to the
nnnilclpalltles, and a loan of K^.(HK) to the municipality of Blnalonan, whl^h
were still unrefunded cm July 30, 1007. To the balance on hand, F32,791.94. we
" Omitted and filed In the Bureau of Insular AflPairs, War Department.
^ Personnel of the provincial jail has been omitted and is on file in the Bureau
of Insular Aflfairs, War Department.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAIi GOVEBNOBS. . 435
must add approximately ^15,000 for supplies on hand in the provincial stores
under the custody of the treasurer.
The provincial board has expended approximately W 50,000 for the construc-
tion of bridges, culverts, and roads; a steam roller, a steam engine for raising
water, and improvements of the Jail and provincial government building, in
which last works no other materials were employed than iron, cement, and
stone.
The system of constructing the bridges and culverts with lumber of any kind
explains why little or no progress has been made in this branch, notwithstand-
ing the fabulous sums expended. The provincial treasury is condemned under
this system to construct and reconstruct every three or four years and to repair
every year. It has been observed, with regard to wooden bridges and culverts,
that in the course of two or three years some are ruined by decay, others are
swept away by the current during the floods, and still others are destroyed by
flre. For these reasons the provincial board has decided not to reconstruct
bridges or culverts of any material othei' than iron, cement, and stone.
Repairs have been commenced on the provincial government building, the
larger part of which has been greatly damaged by the white ants. A portion
of the wooden ceiling has been replaced by sheets of Wunderlich stamped steel,
and the wooden floor stringers of the principal room by Iron T-beams.
For the purpose of protecting the provincial property in case of flre, and to
insure more cleanliness In the provincial buildings and the provincial jail, the
windmill used for the pumping of water was substituted by an 8-horsepower
steam engine.
In the provincial workshop, which is under the supervision of the provincial
treasurer, another S-horsepower engine has been set up, suitable for running a
maclilne for crushing gravel and the rock taken from the quarries of San Isldro,
and for oi)eratlng a small saw. In this workshop the Iron gratings for the
doors and windows of the provincial jail were made, also the prisoners' beds,
two cascos or lighters for transporting the rock from the quarries of San Isldro
and other materials by the river, and two wooden ferries for crossing the river
from Manga Idan to San Jacinto at Angalacan, and between Manaoag and
Blnalonan.
A Wharf has been built on the river In the rear of the provincial government
building. This wharf Is 110 feet long and 14 feet wide, is built of timber, and
* is provided with a railway for loading and unloading the rock coming from the
quarries of San Isldro, which Is crushed and used for the public works.
The province has In project the reconstruction of three large steel bridges at
Calmay, Pantal, and Vino, in the municipality of Dagupan, and the construction
at Lingayen of a building for the Industrial school and the provincial high
school, and as there are not sufficient funds, the provincial board resolved, on
May 6, 1SK)7, to petition the Philippine (Commission, through the Governor-
General, for a loan of «65,000 from the Philippine postal savings bank. In the
hope of securing this loan, the provincial board has already Instructed the dis-
trict engineer to prepare the plans, estimates, and specifications for the three
bridges mentioned, after examining the beds of the Calmay, Pantal, and Bay-
awas rivers, and has directed the division superintendent of schools to furnish
plans, estimates, and specifications for the building for the Industrial school
and the provincial high school. I trust that this work can be begun during the
year 1907, and that the government of this province will be able to carry Into
execution a large part of the most Important of the many improvements which
it Is bound to make to respond to the constantly Increasing demands which the
improvement and advancement desired by the Inhabitants of this province Im-
ix)se upon It.
ROADS.
As Instated in the beginning of this report there are in this province some
800 miles of roads and about r>00 bridges and culverts. The larger part of these
roads has not been repaired since the past rC»glme, and there are municipalities
in which a part of the roads has become water courses, the reconstruction
whereof Into roads would require 2 or 2^ meter fills.
The 500 bridges and culverts were constructed of wood, and some of bamboo,
with the exception of 20 or 30 culverts in the whole province, which are of
brick and were erected during the past regime.
From what has been said, anyone who has an Idea of the cost of this kind
of work and of the revenues of this province will easily understand that a gen-
eral repair of the roads, though It involve only their grading and filling with
436 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. .
earth, and though the total income of this province were set aside exclusively
for this purpose, could not be accomplished within ten years.
In view of this circumstance, and of the imperative need of supplying this
province with a good system of roads In order to facilitate communication, I
was obliged to appeal to the voluntary labor of the inhabitants, there being no
other means of attaining the end mentioned.
On my visits of inspection of the municipalities and barrios, I gave popular
lectures to enlighten the masses in this respect, and to make them comprehend
the beneficial effects of this work. My efforts in this direction, which began
during the first months of my administration, have given favorable results, in
spite of the stupid attacks of which this idea has been the object on the part
of some self-styled champions of liberty, who believe they have discovered an
opportunity to humbug the people and obtain popularity and power.
The majority of the Inhabitants, save a few deceivers and deceived, volun-
tarily and willingly perform work on the roads. They not only metal them
with earth, but cover them with a thick layer of hormlgon, after having put
in large stones as a base or foundation. They have constructed bridges and cul-
verts, some of lumber and others of bamboo and lumber, and have built school-
houses and municipal buildings In the barrios, some of lumber, with a nipa
roof, and others of bamboo and lumber, with a nipa or cogon roof.
Speaking of the work on the roads, bridges, and canals which Is being done
by the provincial government, the municipalities, and the people, I believe,
in view of the preceding data, that we may hope that, if the work continues
with the same enthusiasm, the difficult problem of establishing facility of
communication and transportation by a system of roads, bridges, and culverts,
permanent and durable, will be completely solved at the end of five or six years.
In regard to roads, the part of the province which formerly belonged to
Zambales has been the object of our special attention, its population being very
small for its area.
The distances between the several municipalities of this territory being very
great, and the ground very rough, the benefit obtainable from the reconstruc-
tion and maintenance of the roads, bridges, and culverts would certainly not
correspond to the great expense Involved.
This part of the province comprises the following municipalities: Alamlnos,
Anda, BoUnao, Banl, San Isldro, Agno, and Infanta, the first four bordering
on a navigable lagoon communicating with the bay of Lingayen, and the last'
two communicating with the said lagoon by way of the China Sea.
If regular communication by sea could be established from Dagupan to
Infanta, or to Bollnao, by a few small steamers, a rapid and regular means
of official and commercial communication would be secured between those
municipalities, and the commercial center of the province, Dagupan, and with
the provincial capital.
It would also result in an increase in the immigration of Ilocanos, of which
that region Is much in need, for the exploitation of its agricultural wealth,
and would also promote commerce to a large degree. Lastly, the cost of the
establishment and maintenance of this route would be much less than that of
roads, bridges, and culverts.
For the reasons Stated I desire to strongly recommend that the Philippine
Commission authorize the provincial board of Pangaslnan to establish a
maritime route between Dagupan and Lingayen, and the municipalities of
Anda, Bolinao, Agno, Infanta, Bani, Alamlnos, and Sual, without prejudice to
obliging the province to transfer said maritime roufe by sale, at any time, to
any person or society who may desire to purchase it, so that private interests
may not be prejudiced.
EDUCATION.
All effort made to diffuse public Instruction and education have been Insig-
nificant if it is true that It Is desired to place the people in condition to enjoy
the benefits of a truly democratic government, or to enable them to carry out
the principle of a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.
For this reason It has always been my endeavor In the public and private
lectures In the municipalities and barrios, addresaetl to the municipal offi-
cials and inhabitants, lrresj>e('tlve of social status, to Impress upon the people
the sawed duty of lending their assistance and coo|)eratlon to the laudable
desire of the government to diffuse education throughout these Islands. As
a result of this continual labor I can cite to the report of the division super-
intendent of schools of this province for the school year 1906-1907, in which
,-1
BBPORTS OF PROVTKCIAL GOVERNOBS.
487
appear very satisfactory data, with the exception only of the municipality
of Manga ta rem, where said superintendent was obliged to order the closing
of the municipal schools on account of the very poor attendance. In view of
this exceptional case the provincial board decided, at my request, to make an
Investigation of the conduct of the oflScers of that municipality.
The system of instruction and education adopted by the government seems to
be strongly opposed by the " Centro Catolico,'* a pamphlet distributed in the
municipalities of this province, a translation of which, marl&ed Exhibit No. 4, is
attached to prove our assertion.® A copy of this immphlet, with a translation
thereof, was soit to W. Morgan Shuster, secretary of public instruction, on
March 4, 1907.
The following table shows the mui^icipal schools constructed in the barrios
by voluntary labor:
Municipality.
Agno
Affuilar
Anda
ABingan
Alcala
Alamlnoa
BanL
Bayambang..
Blnalonan
Binmaley
Balungao
Bautlsta
BoUnao
Dagupan
Infanta
Llngayen
Manaoag
Mangaldan...
Natividad— .
Number
of
schools.
Municipality.
Number
of
schools.
1
1
5
7
Pozorrubio
Resales - _
Salasa
SanOarloBw
10
24
6
San Pablan .
1
4
7
8
San Jacinto
San Manuel _
San Nicolas
San Qulntln
10
Sta. Barbara — - - .- — _
S
4
4
2
4
Sual — .
Urbistondo _
Urdaneta. -
Umfngun _ _ _ .. _
5
12
2
Vlllasls
Total
10
192
1
Public Instruction is divided into primary, intermediate, and high schools;
during the school year 1906-1907 the following students attended these 3
schools : *
Enrolled during the school year 1906-1907 39,646
Monthly attendance 29, 094
Average attendance 25, 520
Percentage of attendance 93
The receipts and disbursements of school funds during the year 1906-1907
were :
RECEIPTS.
Balance on hand July 1, 1906 ^57,790.63
Land tax and refund, insular treasury 50,337.94
Cash donation 1, 392. 00
Internal revenue 19, 499. 32
Appropriation from general fund 17,678.50
Total 146, 096. 39
DISBURSEMENTS.
Salaries of teachers P62, 720.87
Construction and repair of schools 4, 125. 82
School supplies 1, 5(i9. 69
Rent and Incidental exi^enses 3, 484. 99
Total 71, 907. 37
Balance 74, 789. 02
« Omitted and flled in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
* Tables showing number of American and Filipino teachers and enrollment
and attendance of pupils have been omitted and flled in the Bureau of Insular
Affairs, War Department.
488 BEPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
In order to construct a building for a high school, industrial school, and
dormitory for girls, I started a i)opular subscription. Nearly every munici-
pality and a large part of the inhabitants of this province resi)onded to the
idea, but on account of executive order No. 13, series of 1907, I had to direct
the suspension of these contributions.
PUBLIC OBDEB.
Peace and order are maintained by constabulary, municipal, and rural police.
As we said in the beginning of this report, the iieace and tranquillity of this
province have never been disturbed, although in the month of August. 1906,
the municipal president of Alamlnos discovered the existence of an unlawful
society, founded by Gregorio Cacho, a native of the mimicipality of Anda, who
is responsible for the disturbances which occurred in the latter in the month of
March, 1906. This Cacho and other members were captured by the munioiimt
presidents of Alaminos and Sual, with the documents of the organization, and
were placed at the disposition of the courts. Cacho is now serving the sentence
imposed upon him ; the others have been acquitted.
£}xhibit No. 5 shows the number of rural and municipal iwllce and the arms
with which the latter are provided.**
The rural police is organized in 2iS municipalities and has 2,S93 members.
They give efficient service in cooperation with the municiiml ix)lice and the
constabulary, whom they often serve as guides, and are supi)orted and uni-
formed by the residents of their respective barrios by means of voluntary con-
tributions, either in money or in kind.
NONCUBISTIAN TBIBE SETTLEMENTS.
The provincial government has also made great efforts to awaken a love for
a higher degree of civilization in the non-Christian tribes which inhabit the
various rancherias. After having induced them to build their roads, school-
houses, and municipal buildings, and prepared them to enjoy the benefits of
the township government act. No. 1397, two townships were organized, with
the approval of the secretary of the interior, one. with a president and five
councilors, and the other with a president, vice-president and four councilors.
Five settlements — T.ulas, Talancafor, Oamantiles, Felicidad, and Cauayan — still
remain unorganized because of their great distance from the organized town-
ships.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
The public health could not be better, though there are certain defects in the
sanitary service. The province, which is ctmiijosed of 41 munlclimlltles, has
only 22 presidents of niunlcii)al boards of health, and the district health officer
has not yet reorganized the municipal districts prescribed by act No. 1613, as
it seems that he is traveling through the municipalities making vaccinations.
The following table shows the number of births and deaths in this province
from July, 190(;, to March, 1SH)7:
Births 17,872
Deaths 9, 9J^
• Gain 7, 878
The preceding figures show an Increase of iiopulatlou of 1.79 per cent. The
majority of the deaths took place among the children, and I am of the opinion
that this excessive mortality of children merits the attention of the bureau of
health.
I again state that the high mortality of animals continues. So far the
measures adopted by the government have proved Inadequate, on account of
the lack of veterinarians, wherefore It Is my opinion that each provincial capital
should have a veterinarian, who should give his exclusive attention to the
various causes of diseases which produce the death of animals, and to the
establishment of a method for the keeping and care of the animals.
NATUBAL BESOUBCES.
In the mountains situated within the jurisdictional limits of this province,
there Is an immense wealth in the forests, consisting of a variety of woods
for all kinds of c<»nstruction, besides nitos, rattan, anajao ablang, and many
other plants.
« Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL. GOVERNORS. 489
During the fiscal year 1907, 15 mining claims were registered, malcing a total
of 80 claims registered since the estahlishment of civil govern nient."
Very respectfully,
IBABELO AKTACHO,
Qovemor of the Province of Pangasinan,
The Govebnob-Genebal.
Report of tiik Governor of Rizal.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Rizal,
Pasig, P. /., June SO, 1907.
Sir : I have the honor to submit herewith. In compliance with the provisions
of act No. 1044, my report on conditions in this province during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1907 :
The province of Rizal. created by act No. 137 of the Philippine Commission,
has at the present writing over 270,000 inhabitants. The last census of the
Philippine Islands does not give it more than 247,000 souls; but it must be
remembered that when this census was taken the great majority of its popula-
tion had taken refuge, ^ome in Manila, and many in the adjoining provinces,
fleeing from the ijersecutlons of the brigands which then infested the pueblos
and the mountains of this province. After the numerous captures and sur-
renders had reestabliaheii peace and tranquility, the inhabitants returned to
their homes, without fear and apprehension, to engage again in their habitual
occupation.
agriculture.
Rizal is essentially an agricultural province, and while it is true that its
agriculture has, up to the present writing, remained stationary, this is not due
to a lack of willingness on the part of the inhabitants, but to, the absence of
capital wherewith to defray the expenses which an improvement of the agri-
cultural production would necessarily entail. It is a well-known fact that the
rinderpest has wrought great havoc among the labor cattle, and the few that
remain are insufficient for the most necessary work. It is therefore not strange
that there are large tracts of land still lying fallow, but it is to be hoped that
the establishment of the projwsed agricultural bank will result In bettering the
production until it exceeds the ordinary consumption.
Among the great improvements which will doubtless redound to the benefit
of agriculture are the railroads and electric car lines, which will soon traverse
this province from one end to the other and will constitute means of trans-
portation which will benefit not only the i^rsons engaged in industry, but also
the merchants and all whose business involves financial speculations.
One of the great problems which it is the duty of the insular government to
solve speedily is that of the many estates in this province, which obstruct, or
at least paralyze, the progressive development of agriculture, now at a stand-
still. I make this statement for the reason that the terms of *the contracts of
lease of land belonging to these estates, instead of resulting in the cultiva-
tion thereof, frighten the tenants away, and end by converting the estates men-
tioned Into immense wastes, without production or producer.
The attention of the honorable the (ioveruor-General is respectfully Invited
to my rei)ort on these estates, dated April 27 last.
INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE.
Speaking of industry and commerce, I wish to state that Inasmuch as agri-
culture is their principal basis, and as it is at present in a very unsatisfactory
condition, It goes without saying that they are In the same state of paralyzatlon.
^ Statistics as to agricultural production ; diflTerent industries, commerce,
and manufactures established: voluntary work done on roads, bridges, and
school houses ; a tirade against the system of education, published by the
" Centro Catollco," the number of municipal and rural ix)llce, have been
omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Afl'airs, War Department.
440 REPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
POLITICAL SITUATION.
During the last three years Rizal has enjoyed the reputation of being one of
the most peaceful provinces of Luzon. The inhabitants follow their habitual
occupations, and this proof of constant industry has a good effect upon the in-
habitants.
In November or December, 1906, it came to my Icnowledge that Seilor Pascual
II. Poblete, of Manila, was attempting to implant in several of the pueblos the
society known as " K. K. K." In view of the fact that the Philippine bill pro-
vides that no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech or of the
press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, etc., I did not object
or attempt to opix)se the meetings held for the organization of the new society,
but restricted my action to watching and observing very closely both the mem-
bers and the leaders of the association, and for this purpose I was wont to
attend all their meetings in person. The *' K. K. K." kept all the plans for
their meetings very secret* but to their great disappointment I learned of them,
and when they least expected I appeared among them, as if my purpose was to
attend all their meetings. The Katipunan (*'K. K. K.") people finally became
tired, lost their patience, and removed the scene of their activity to the prov-
inces of Laguna, Tayabas, Batangas, and Cavite, and to Bulacan also, I be-
lieve, according to their minutes, written in Tagalog, a copy of which I sent in
due time to the executive secretary. »
The " K. K. K." society has been reorganized for the sole purpose of deceiv-
ing the unsophisticated, either with a view to separating them from what little
money they have, or in order to keep them yoked to the chariot of the pecuniary
ambitions of Don Pascual H. Poblete.
In my humble Judgment " K. K. K.," properly interpreted, stands for
*' kuartos, kuartos, kuartos," which means "money, money, money," this being,
in all probability, the real object of the founder in working for the reorganiza-
tion of this well-known society.
Crime has considerably decreased during the last year."
FINANCIAL SITUATION.
The following statement shows that as a result of well-managed economies
gradually introduced into the several departments of this government the prov-
ince, though not altogether prosj)erous, is nevertheless able to defray all its cur-
rent expenses with ease, without necessity of resorting to other means. The sub-
ordinate riersonnel has been reduced as much as |X)ssible, only the most useful
and nwessary having been retained. The carriages, carts, horses, oxen, and
other pr()i)erty used in the goveniment service have also been disposed of, be-
cause of their being unnecessary and of little practical utility.
Financial report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907,
Phnippfoe
currency.
RECEIP7B.
nalanre on hand on July 1, 1906 _ f*1H>,8S8.43
Kefiri9t«rof demls.. - - 1,123.91
Cart tax - - 189.37
Land tax, 1902-l«ja> — - 16,144.29
Kofund by Insular treasury for land tax, acts No8. 145.> and 1579_ \ 85,596.61
Cedulaa--- — - , 17,829.00
Refund by Insular treasury of Internal-revenue taxes J 13,472.03
Premium, municipal bonds - _ I f^-^
Saleof supplies to municipalities —
Loan from Insular government, act No. 1637
Donation of insular funds for Taytay-Antipolo road-
First payment on the provincial building known as Tribunal de Mestizos, sold to
the municipality of Paslg -
Refund for construction of temporary bridges over the Mariquina River.
2,179.24
75,000.00
5.000.00
1.500.00
1,500.00
Sundry receipts ^ 2,698.84
Total - - ! 211.731.72
•A oomparntive table of crimeM has been omitted and is on file in the Bureau of Insular
Affairs, War Department.
REPORTS OF PROVINCL^L GOVERNORS. 441
Financial report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907 — Continued.
' Phflipplne
, currency.
f
DI8BURSRMENTS.
Salaries ol officers • - ^14,087.65
Salaries of employees _ 21,378.26
Repair of buUdlngs and grading of provincial land. -. 1,645.37
Construction and maiutenani-e of the |>rovineial school — .; 2,766.52
Travel expenses 2,356.80
Rent of bufldingSw 1,668.«)
Office furniture and material , 8,520,60
Court fees— _ I 4,144.00
Sheriff fees I 366.48
Maintenance of prisoners _ i 4,606.98
Premiums on bonds _ __ 823.83
Paid for construction of temporary bridges over the Marlquina River ' 1.500.00
Postage _ -— - 660.00
Repair and maintenance of roads and bridges _ ' 27,619.19
Sundry expenses _ ' 1,282.68
Balance on hand on June ;iO, 1907 - -. j 118,464.77
Total I 211,731.72
I
PUBLIC HEALTH.
The public health has been excellent. There has not been a single case of
suspicious disease, and though it is true that last March several prisoners in
the provincial jail suffered from acute diarrhea, In consequence of the excessive
heat then prevailing, this was ch^*ked by the adoption of the metisures which
hygiene requires in 8uch cases.
To prevent evil results, I gave directions for the construction, on the bank of
the Pasig Kiver at San Pedro Macati and San Felipe Neri, of large wells for
iwtable water, with bases of iwrous stone, in view of the fact that the soldiers
at Fort McKinley have made this river a dumping place for their kitchen refuse,
which contaminates the water and is liable to cause serious diseases.
There are about 300 lei)ers — men, women, and children — and it is desired, in
the interest of the ])ublic health, that they be removed to the Culiou lei>er colony.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Primary instruction, the ba.sis of all human knowleilge, is making great
strides, and Is becoming more and more jKjpular among the studious youth. All
tiie public schools are attended daily by large numbers of pupils, the boys
mingling with the girls, and it is a Joy to see them. In nearly all the centrally
located barrios of the pueblos 8clux)lhouses have been built, but notwithstanding
their large dimensions they are often found too small for the numerous at-
tendance, and the teachers are unable to attend to all with the effectiveness and
Industry desired. •
In addition to the primary, we have at Pasig the high, the provincial, and the
industrial schools. A domestic science school, where girls will be given the i)re-
paratory education of great necessity to their sex, is also to be built. Several
8ch(»ols of art and trades are now being constructed on the grounds of the
former factory ** I^a Princeai " at Malabon. Unless luck is against me, a prac-
tical sclHK)! of agriculture will mon be established nt Montalban, at the exi)ense
of the Insular treasury. I am taking stops for the acquisition of the necessary
land, as I am very anxious to w^cure it at a reasonable price. It is to be hoped
that the proposed schcK)! will be of great benefit to this essentially agricultural
I)rovIn('e, becau.*^ it must be understood that In order to properly cultivate the
fields it is necessiiry to first cultivate one's intelligence, hence my great desire
to have such a school within the territory of this province.
The suspension of the collection of the laud tax has practically tied my
hands. I should like to suggest to the municipalities of this province the
necessity of providing the municipal schools with a large number of teachers,
as the number of pupils increases from day to day, but I see that I shall not
see my desires realized until later.
In accordance with the suggestion of the sui)erintendent, Mr. Montavon,
who returued temiwrarily to America, we have organized weekly school meet-
442 BEPORT 6p the PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
ings in the several piiebloe and barrios, at which the principal subjects of dis-
cussion are usually Intrusted to the most advanced pupils, who are thus given
an opiK)rtunity for gradually developing their young intellects in- proportion
to the knowledge acquired. By this method the child gradually acquires not
only practice in si)ealihig in public, but also the slciU and facility necessary
for exercising his intellec^tual powers.
Having described the progress and zeal of the youth of Pasig and Malabon
as to assiduous and constant school attendance, I recollect certain resolutions
which several municipalities have addressed to the provincial board, through
me, requesting the approval of lienaltles for parents who refuse to send tUeir
children to the public schools.
I understand, of course, that in order to overcome these difficulties the
Philippine Commission ought to be asked to pass a law declaring attendance
in the public schools obligatory for boys and girls for a determined period, as
in England, the United States of America, Germany, France, Switzerland, Bel-
gium, Spain, Japan, and many other civilized countries where school attendance
is obligatory for children between the ages of 7 and 14, 15, or 16 years, and in
other countries, where it is also obligatory, though for shorter periods.
However, what would be the result of declaring the attendance of the public
schools compulsory for boys and girls? The following would happen: In order
to attend with any care to the instruction of so many pupils, we would be coni-
l)elled to triplicate the number of teachers now employ^, to provide and fur-
nish a larger number of schoolhouses, to give large orders for the necessary
books, pens, pencils, and other supplies, and to create and provide new revenues
for the promotion and development of public instruction, which would doubt-
less add to the already excessive burden of the taxpayer, who would be sure
to protest energetically against such costly administration.
At present we have 16 American teachers, sls follows: Six at the provincial
school at Pasig, 5 at the intermediate school at Malabon, 1 at the intermediate
school at Pa say, and 4 supervising teachers of school districts. It is hopcnl
that we shall soon have another supervising teacher, to be placed in charge of
the school district of Pasay and Paranaque, which position is still vacant. We
have also $> insular teachers, as follows : One at the intermediate school at
Malabon, 1 at the intermediate school at Moroug, 1 at the intermediate school
at Caloocan, and the 6 others as principal teachers at the schools of Mariquina,
Montalvan, Muntlnlupa, Moroug, Binangonan, and Paranaque. It is believed
that in a few days we shall have another insular teacher for the central school
at Pililla.
Aside from the provincial school at Pasig, Rizal has four Intermediate schools
In the pueblos of Malabon, Pasay, Caloocan, and Morong.
In the provincial school of Pasig the three grades of the intermediate
course and the first year of the secondary C(»ur8e are taught. In this schood
there is a siRK-'lal class In carpentering. The atteutiance last June was In the
intennedlate classes 125 boys and 28 girls, and in tht; st^condary classes I) boys
and .*i girls, a total of 165.
In the Intermediate school at Malabon, the three grades of the intermediate
course are taught, th^re being also a 8|)eclal class In pisciculture. I^st June
this school was attended by 112 boys and 30 girls.
In the intermeillate school at Pasay the fifth grade of the intermediate
course is taught, the school being attended by 34 boys and 16 girls.
In the Intermediate school at Morong only the fifth grade is taught, the
same as at Pasay. This school is attended by 17 boys and 8 girls.
What has been said of the two schools last mentioned can also be said
of the Intermediate school at Caloocan ; but no information regarding the
attendance Is available, the report of the principal not having biH?n received.
We have at present In the entire province 74 primary schools in the charge
of munlcii)al teachers, and 6 in the charge of insular teachers. These schools
are distributed among the several municipalities, which are divided into 5
scliool districts, to wit: First district, comi)rIsIng the schools of the munici-
palities of Pasig, Taguiig, San Felipe Nerl, and San Pedro Macatl, excepting
the school at Cullculi; second district, those of the municipalities of Antipolo,
Taytay, Marlqulna, and San Mateo; 'third district, those of Binangonan,
MoronV, Tanay, and Pllllla: fourth district, those of IVisay and Paranaque.
and that of Cullculi, in the municipality of San Pedro ^lacati; and fifth district
those of Alalabon, Caloocan, and Navotas,
BEP0RT6 OP PROVINCIAL OCVEHNOM. 443
A supervising teacher is in charge of each district; his duty Is to inspect
all the primary schools and to see that all the instructions of the deimrtment
of education are complied with.*
SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
Few of the school buildings belonging to the municipalities are in a good
condition, the majority of them requiring renovation or at least considerable
repairs. As to provincial and intermediate school buildings, special mention
must be made of the provincial school at Pasig, the intermediate school at Mala-
bon, and the intermediate school at Morong. Owing to the donations received
from the Congressional relief fund, either In rice or in money, it has been ik>s-
Bible to erect school buildings of great importance and necessity at some places,
but these, or at least many of them, are so deficient in capacity or construc-
tion that a few of them have required special repairs, as for Instance those of
Mariquina, Paranaque, Taytay, and Tagniig.
The eductional office takes considerable interest in having the municipalities
build schoolhouses of their own, with the proper conditions as to hygiene and
capacity, and with suitable grounds for the recreation of the children and the
cultivation of plants.
During this year the municipalities have appropriated the sum of ^3,274 for
rent of schoolhouses.
Pasig has appropriated f*6,000, San Felipe Nerl W.OOO, and other munici-
imlities hundreds of pesos for the construction of schoolhouses ; but they have
encountered great obstacles, some being unable to find a suitable place, some
failing to secure the land necessary by donation or purchase, and others meet-
ing with difficulties in connection with disputed titles. For these reasons the
buildings have not yet passed the stage of projects.
SCHOOL FUNDS.
The financial condition of nearly all the pueblos is very poor, the land tax
and Internal revenues being insufficient to enable them to have good schools
and the necessary number of municipal teachers, and for this reason nearly all
' the municipalities making great efforts have donated money, which they have
transferred from their general funds to the school funds, the donations made
in this manner amounting to the respectable sum of ^11,959.27. There are
municipalities which have an extensive territory and a large population, but
are extremely poor, so far as finances are concerned. This is the case with
Hinangonan and Taguilg. In view of their topographical conditions, these
municipalities require a larger number of schools than those now existing, but
it Is imi»o8sIble to build more, for lack of the funds necessary for their main-
tenance. The barrios of these municipalities are so far distant from each other
that unless schools are constructed in each of them, the e<lucation of the youth
will never prosper. Another consequence of this insufficiency of the funds is
that there can not be any uniformity In the salaries assigned to the municipal
teachers, because the same conditions as those above mentioned i)revall in
Pllilla, Teresa, Bosoboso, Jalajala, and many other municipalities, where the
salaries of the teachers range from 20 to 25 pesos per month, and the advanced
teachers, as a result of the progress made by them, request to be transferred to
better positions whenever an opportunity offers itself, as for Instance at Mala-
bon, Pasig, Navotas, Caloocan, and Pasay.
PROGRESS MADE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
During the fiscal year 1907 the office of education issued 293 certificates to
pupils, who successfully completed tfce primary course prescribed by the de-
partment of education. These pupils were distributed among the several
municipalities as follows: Antipole 5, BInangonan 5, Malabon, Navotas, and
Caloocan 34, Mariquina 29, Morong 35. Paranaque 12. Pasay 59, Pasig and
Taguilg 41, San Felipe Nerl 19, San Mateo 13, San Pedro Macatl 5, Tanay and
Pllilla 23, and Taytay 11.
« Much statistical data as to number of schools In each municipality, number
. of teachers and attendance of S(*holars has been omitted and Is on file In the
Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
444 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
There have been issued 77 certificates to pupils who have completed tbe In-
termediate course — 13 of these to pupils of the provincial school at Pasig, 11 to
pupils of the intermediate school at Malabon, and 53 to teachers of the several
municipalities who took the ordinary examinations after having attended the>
normal school of teachers.
In addition to those who secured these certiticates, the following pupils passed
the ordinary examinations held at the provincial school of Pasig last March:
Fourth grade 37, fifth grade 19, and first year 5. At the Malabon school:
Fourth grade 17, fifth grade 6. At the intermediate school at Pasay: Fourth
grade 2. At the intermediate school at Caloocan: Fourth grade 4; and at the
intermediate school at Moroug: Fourth grade 11.
At the Malabon school : Fourth grade 17, fifth grade 6. At the intermediate
.school at Pasay: Fourth grade 2. At the intermediate school at Caloocan:
Fourth grade 4; and at the intermediate school at Morong: Fourth grade 11.
NOUMAL SCHOOL.
At the end of the school year, of 1906-7. a normal school of teachers was
opened at Pasig, in which 192 teachers and aspirants of this province matricu-
lated. The course lasted from February 18 to March 22. and during the last
few days the ordinary examinations were held, with the following result:
Forty-one pupils passed the fourth grade examination, 21 the fifth grade, 37
the sixth grade, and 29 the special class on methods.
I have the honor, in accordance with the recommendation of the division
superintendent of schools of this province, to submit herewith a sketch of the
work which is to be done in this school division during the present year.
The revised course of studies, extending the primary course to four years;
has now been adopted for all the primary schools. This has been done oq ac-
count of the great variety of industrial work which will be taught In the fol-
lowing classes: Elementary agriculture. Carpentering and cabinetmaking.
Elementary pottery. Elementary masonry. Weaving and manufactures. CJare
and ornamentation of schoolhouses and planting of trees on the school grounds.
Manual labor and sundry industries.
It is the intention to take up one or more of the studies above mentioned and
to introduce them in the municipal schools during this school year, providetl
circumstances and conditions permit of it.
A plan is on foot to reduce the number of rented schoolhouses, replacing them
with good and adequate buildings owned by the munici|)alitiea For this pur-
I>ose it is proposed to secure suitable land for the construction of schoolhouses,
it being my fervent desire to have beautiful schoolhouses built on land pur-
chased by the municipalities, toward which end I will direct all my efforts
during the present year.
PUBLIC WORKS.
In view of the small sum of money available, it was endeavored to undertake
only small constructions and rei)alr8. The sum of ^5,541.05, appropriated from
Insular funds, was useil for building a wagon road from the city limits of
Manila to a ix)int at Pasay. This wagon road Is metalled with broken stone
for a distance of 0.081 miles, its width being 18 feet in the suburbs of Manila
and 12 feet at the entrance of Pasay. The i)rojecttHl road goes as far as the
limits of Cavite, and covtTS a distance of 5.55 miles. Of wagon road, 7.4C
miles were reimlred, the work consisting of grading and filling, at a cost of
^(),540.()0, of which ^5,(K)0 were appropriated by the Philippine Commission
for the improvement of the Taytay-Antii)olo wagon road. This wagon road
has a total length of 0.5 miles and cost ^2,423.99. The hardest work consisted
in the construction of bridges, which were built on concrete bases, very solid,
and win not require reimlrs for an Indefinite period.
There have been constructed on reenforced concrete bases 24 three-foot, 9 six-
foot, G four-f<K)t bridges, and 1 five-foot bridge, at a total cost of W0,15G.39. A
w)lid bridge, with a base of reenforced concrete, In quadrangular shaiie, has been
constructed on the Tanay-Pilllla road, at a cost of ^1,041.83. The most exten-
sive work done so far In the line of bridge construction is tliat in connection
with tlH» construction of an Iron bridge across the Ampld River. This bridge
has three arches, with a total length nt JK) f(»et, and has ii reenforctnl concrete
basis In its entire length. It can easily bear a weight of 100 [)ounds to the
square foot and has all the requirements of an ordinary bridge. This bridge
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 445
wag constructed by contract let to B. W. Cadwullader & Co., its total cost being
r7.831.40.
The provincial school has just been completed. Plans and specifications have
been prepared for the construction of a provincial building, with reenforced
concrete foundations, the cost of which is estimated at from 1WK),000 to W00,000.
The work of grading the provincial land is making rapid progress. It has been
done by contract for some time past, and the cost up to the present date amounts
to «,277.47.
During the fiscal year Kizal has expended rSO,000.41 for public works.
MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENTS.
One of the most important improvements introduced in the municipalities of
Malabon and Caloocan is the introduction of electric lighting.
Malabon will soon undertake the construction of two beautiful markets, with
a building set aside for a public slaughterhouse:
At Pasig electric lighting is soon to be established In the town proper and
adjacent barrios, and soon the new market, with reenforced concrete founda-
tions, built under the direction of the district engineer, will be opened to the
public. This market has cost W5,000.
Respectfully submitted.
A. Dancel,
Governor of the Province of RizaU
The Govebnob-Genebal.
Repobt of the Governor ok Romblon.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Romri/)n,
Komhlon, July J3, 1907,
Sir: I have the honor, in compliance with the provisions of act No. 1014,
to submit herewith my report on conditions In this province during the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1907.
AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, AND COMMERCE.
Agriculture. — During the last months of the year the inhabitants have been
engaged in sowing their hill rice and In preparing the land for transplanting
their irrigation rice, which will be completed during the present month.
For the last five or six years agriculture has suffered much from droughts,
locusts, and the worms commonly known as tagostos. This year the rain did
not commence to fall until the present month and there has .been very little of
It. The work of transplanting the rice has to be finished at the present time,
and as it is necessary, in order that the rice produce properly, to prepare the
land several months In advance, the lack of water makes the work very diffi-
cult. In some parts this deficiency Is remedied by irrigation, but springs and
rivers do not exist In all parts of the province. The people of several barrios
have, therefore, conceived the Idea of changing the time for planting the rice
from May, June, and July, to October and November, during which latter months
there is no lack of water ; but this has not yet been put Into practice, on account
of the lack of proper seeds.
The enemies of the rice (locusts and worms) began to appear In May of this
year In the pueblos of Odlongan and Ix)oc, and on Slmara Island. Immediately
ui)on receiving the news of their appearance, the provincial board Issued the
necessary orders to the municipal presidents for the adoption of the best
measures for the extermination of those pests, compelling the Inhabitants of
the barrios Invaded to assist In the work, as required by act No. 817.
A comparison of the agricultural products with those of last year shows an
Increase of 40 per cent. The production of the present year has been : Copra
24,864 plculs, abaca 8,407 plculs, and tobacco 2,157 plculs. These are the prod-
ucts which were exported to Manila.
There has been a great Increase in the planting of cocoanuts and abaca, many
of the persons who made application for homesteads and secured the necessary
permit having cleared their land and planted the same.
446
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
On December 15, 190G, 2,000 Hawaiian maguey plants, sent by tbe director
of agriculture for distribution, were received at the capital of Romblon. llie
total number of plants received so far Is 6,000, which have done well, accord-
ing to my information, and many agriculturists are asking for them.
Industry, — There has not been any change in this respect; and all that I have
said on the subject in my report for the preceding fiscal year holds good for the
present.
Commerce. — The condition of commerce naturally de|)ends on that of agri-
culture, and the data given above will therefore enable us to judge of the
commercial conditions. The principal articles of commerce are copra, abaca,
and tobacco, which several Spanish, Chinese, and Filipino merchants export to
Manila; and paddy and rice, which are imi)orted from Manila and other
provinces.
During the year the following prices were paid for the products above men-
tioned : Copra, from PJ) to Ml. 75 per picul. Abaca, from ^25 to ^27 per plcul.
Tobacco, from ^5 to ^6 \yeT quintal. Paddy, from 1*2 to ^2.75 i)er cavan. Rice,
from W to ^6 i)er plcul.
The consumption of rice brought into this province from Manila during the
year amounts to 27,657 piculs.
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. *
The following is a copy of the report submitted to this board on April S8 last
by provincial treasurer II. H. Ewing:
** Gentlemen : In answer to your request for a report on the flnanciul con-
ditions of the province, I have the honor to submit the following statement
and estimate of collections and exjienses that pertain to the general funds of
Romblon :
Taxes.
Land tax 1905 -
Industrial 1905- -
Internal-revenue cedula -
Codulas art No. 82.
Internal-revenue refund
Reslstry of property —
Refund act No. 1455 -
Refund act No. 1679
Internal-revenue refund for month of December, 1906..
TotaL-
Colleeted
1006.
1*622.10
11.25
7.194.00
1.155.00
5.906.76
2.50
4.004.99
Estimated
1907.
r-50.flO
7.194.00
250.00
6.906.76
50.00
18.896.60
Expenses.
I Expended
I 1906.
Salary officers and employe»« I ^0,
Travel and per diera _ - 1,
Sheriff's fees - - -
Postage - —
Official Gazette - -
Supplies (including printing and binding) __ 2,
Feeding prisoners - - - 1
Court fees - —
Labor - - -
Provincial bonds -
Freight -
Total 18,
,771.26
,434.66
135.52
273.00
26.61
,224.70
540.75
576.00
111.90
406.66
657.63
157.74
2,000.00
1,181.25
16,632.01
Bstlmated
1907.
^11
1,
,050.00
,500.00
135.00
275.00
24.00
300.00
"iOO.OO
600.00
2W.00
278.78
100.00
17,912.78
STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT llKKi.
On hand .Tannnry 1, 1906 K, 219. 24
Collections 1906 18. 896. 60
Refunds from sales to municlplos. premium on bonds, exchange of currencj .
advances act No. .S36, etc 2,063.83
Total - - . -- 23.179.67
Total gross expenditures _ _ .- 18,157.74
Balance on hand January 1, 1907 -__ 5.021.93
Estimated resources 16,632.01
ToUl avaUablc lor year 1907 21, 653. 94
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 447
" It is thought that the estimates* made are sufficiently conservative. That
of collections can and will be made and that of exiienditures can be adhered to,
with probable exceptions for supplies and labor. Nevertheless they are con-
sidered liberal, when It is taken into consideration that over f2,000 of the
amounts expended for supplies, feeding prisoners, exchange of currency, postage,
etc., were refunded to the general fund during the year. \ Five hundred and
fifty iiesos of the item for freight were paid for use of coast-guard cutter during
year of 1905.
** The balance on hand at end of year 3006 showed a saving of ^,573.37, this
not including ^229.32, value of local currency on hand January 1, 1900, and not
shown on statement.
" It would tlien seem that the province will liave a margin of more than
^3,000 upon which to depend for the coming year, due to a large extent to the
refund of Internal revenue for the month of December, 1906, which was not
returned to us until January of this year.
"I would respectfully call your attention to the fact that the province has
been called upon to pay an old debt of some ^2,500 to the bureau of justice.
This for criminal cases tried in our courts prior to December, 1905. This will
cut our margin down and means strict adherence to the estimate.
" It will not be possible to get relief from greater provincial collections.
Registry of proi)erty may be increased slightly, as also may the insular re-
funds, but that is hoping for a great deal. It will be difficult to duplicate last
year's cedula collection.
•' It would be difficult for this office to point out a way to further economize
unless in the items of salary and travel exr>ense. Regarding these two items,
I would say that this office has been running for the past eight months with
one deputy and one clerk less than was formerly thought necessary, and only
the necessary collection trips are made; therefore it will be impossible to
economize to any greater extent in the provincial treasury.
"The writer, during the visit of the Governor-General, recommended that
the 1907 land tax should not be collected, and stated at that time that the
province could get along with what the Insular government could give us in the
way of a refund. At that time nd knowledge was had of any old overdue debts
and should others be presented the province will have to look elsewhere for
a remedy.
" I would respectfully call your attention to act No. 1622, by which it Ik*-
comes necessarj^ for the province to pay over to the insular auditor on the 1st
day of July, 1907, the sum of W.OOO. This will be possible, but may delay
November and December payments. But they can be taken care of later If the
1908 land tax is collected.
•* It is therefore my opinion now, as formerly, that Judging from a purely
financial standpoint there Is no need of our uniting with Capiz."
This report was sent by the provincial board to the Governor-General on
April 25 last, by virtue of a communication received from him dated March
25 last, dealing with the project of consolidating this province with Capiz.
PUBLIC WOBKS.
The public works carried on at the expense of the province during the year
were of little Importance, and It is hardly worth while to mention them, as they
consisted solely in changes and repairs In the provincial government build-
ing, and In repairs and work on the boat used In the service of the province.
The changes In the government building were made for the purpose of accom-
modating in it the offices of the municipality of Romblon, the municipal build-
ing having been ceded as provisional barracks to the constabulary of this
province, without compensation, by agreement between the provincial board
and the council of the municipality. For these changes and repairs the prov-
ince has spent the insignificant sum of ^397.64 out of Its general funds.
The roads and bridges on the islands of Tablas and Slbuyan are In bad
shape, and for this reason the provincial board, anxious to construct bridges
where they are needed the most, and to repair and maintain the roads at the
expense of the funds set aside for this puriK>se, requested the director of public
works on February 11, 1907, to send a civil eiiginet»r to Inspect or examine this
work and give his opinion about it. This engineer began to work about March
5, but only covered the Island of Tablas, for the reason that he had no time to
visit Slbuyan also. Having received his opinion and his estimates for the
work mentioned, the provincial board decided to postpone the execution of the
same, as the road and bridge funds on hand In the provincial treasury
448 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
amounted to only ^7,231.15, and the (»8tlioate8 were for larger sums, and be-
cause In the opinion of the engineer the bridges are not of very great necessity
for the present.
In several of the mnnicipalttles impovements have been made out of munici-
pal funds. At Roniblon the following improvements have been made during the
year : Reconstruction of one of the wooden wharves, ^527.60 ; extension of the
public marlcet, P90.9O; construction of a public slaughterhouse, WO: repair and
improvement of the reservoir of the public water system, W72, and other repair
work of minor imiwrtance.
In the municipalities of Badajoz and San Fernando, roads and brldgres have
been repaired and put in order. Many of these bridges are of little duration :
but serve in a way for two or three years. This work is performcHl by the
servicio personal (iiersonal labor system) or servicio iwpular, as they call it,
which was established three or four years ago.
The president of San Fernando, in his reix>rt rendered at close of 19(X>, men-
tions the following Improvements: Construction of a new municipal Jail, of
stone, in the lower story of the town hall; repair of a stone bridge: construc-
tion of the stone walls of the lower story of the schoolhouse, and reiiair 'work of
minor importance.
PUBLIC INSTEUCTION.
The interests and financial condition of the schools have improved consider-
ably during the year. The inauguration of thfe provincial high school, which
was honored by the presence of the Govemor-deneral and the other members of
the Commission, marked a new era in the educational progress of this province.
The work of constructing this school commenced in November, 1905, and was
completed in October, 1906.
The receipts of the municipalities for school purposes aggregate 1^,400, and
the expenditures f^,806. The municipal and provincial officers and the jseneral
public have taken great interest in the school work, and have all cooi>erated
with the division superintendent for the betterment of the Interests of the
schools.
To prove the interest taken in the school work, attention is invited to the fact
that the majority of the children attending school in the pueblos are able to
carry on a conversation in English quite well.
In order to construct the high school, the province contracted a debt of
^^,000 with the insular government, of which it has already paid one install-
ment of P2,000. On February 5 of the present year, the provincial board passed
a resolution, praying that the indebtedness of this province to the insular
government, amounting to f*,()00, be transferred to the credit of the provincial
school funds of Romblon and set aside for the construction of certain build-
ings, including one for domestic science and a girl's dormitory. As a result
of this resolution, the Philippine Commission passed act No. 1622, providing for
the cancellation of the indebtedness of several provinces, among them that of
W,000 of this province, on condition that the provincial government provide
and pay a like sum in Installments, into the provincial school fund. The first
installment being due on June 30, 1907, the provincial board resolved, on the
25th of said month, that the sum of 1*1,000 be transferred from the general
funds to the provincial school funds, on account of the sum of ^6,000 above
mentioned.
COMMUNICATIONS.
In view of the geographical situation of this province, communication Is rather
dlfiicult between the several Islands of which it is composed, the only means
available being barotos, paraos, and other small vessels, which can be had only
occasionally. These circumstances often cause delay In the public service and in
the dispatch of the business of the provincial and municipal offices. In order
to remedy these difficulties to some extent, the municipalities of the Island
of Tablas have established a mall service as follows: Once a week the mall
is sent from the municipality of Looc to that of Odiongan, thence to the barrios
of Despujol, Calatrava, and Carmen, as far as Badajoz, and thence to the
provincial capital. The mall for the island of Tablas uses the same route. On
the island of Sibuyan the mall Is sent from Cajidlocan to San Fernando or
Magallanes, and from these two places to the provincial capital: but It occa-
sionally happens that at the three pueblos last mentioned the mall is detained
to wait for an opportunity to send it to the provincial capital. The provincial
government has a very good lK>at, which is also used for the mail service.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 449
PUBLIC HEALTH.
Generally speaking, the public health has been excellent. There has not
been any epidemic disease. A comparison of the nnmber of births with that
of deaths shows a considerable increase of population.
In the course of this year a considerable number of lepers was gathered by
the sanitary authorities, to be taken to the Cullon leper colony. This is a
wise measure, for which the province Is very grateful to the government, which
has thus delivered it from a terrible plague.
At the present time it is very difficult to give immediate attention to sanitary
matters, particularly to special cases, because on April 17, 1907, Dr. Candido
Mora, the district health officer, whose official residence is at Romblon, whh
transferred to serve in the Cullon leper colony, and since then there has nut
been a physician in the province. It is true that the district health officer sta-
tioned at Capiz has been in charge of sanitary matters in this province since
then, but, as I have sai4» in urgent cases it would be impossible for him to
come and apply the necessary remedy in time.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS — PUBLIC OBOES.
Tranquillity is a fact, and good order has always been maintained in all the
pueblos of this province, and although there are dissensions on religious ques-
tions and disputes over certain property known as church property, yet there
has not been any disturbance up to the present date. Cases concerning such
disputes in Romblon, Odiongan, Looc, and other pueblos of this 'province are
now pending before the supreme court, and others which have arisen lately will
doubtless take the same course.
ELECTIONS.
The last elections for councilors, held in December, 1006, have been held with
due regularity, in accordance with the provisions of the Municipal Code, and
while there were protests in the municipalities of Looc and Cajidlocan, they
were of little Importance, and aU the elections were approved by the provincial
board.
The important question which arose at the end of this fiscal year is that of the
fusion of this province with Capiz.
It seems that this matter has been discussed for some time past ; but recently,
in view of a communication of the (Jovernor-General of March 25, 1007, the
provincial board stated, under date of April 25, 1907, that Judging by the finan-
cial conditions of this province, its fusion with Capiz was not yet a necessity.
The convention of presidents held on May 6, 1007, also presented a i)etltion
to the insular government, praying that the proiwsed fusion be not effected, and
stating their reasons. Judging by telegrams received from Manila, It seems
that the fusion has already been directed. Matters were at this stage in this
province when the fiscal year expired. There is general dissatisfaction in the
pueblos on account of this fusion, but it is to be hoped that the people will
finally see the purpose for which this measure has been adopted.
Respectfully submitted.
Bonifacio Mabbon,
Governor of the Province of Romblon.
The Govebnob-Genebal.
Repobtof the Govebnob of 8am ab.
Office of the Govebnob, Pbovince of Samab.
Vatbalogan, P. /., June 20, 1907.
Sib: I have the honor to submit the following rei)ort upon the affairs of this
province, from July 1, 1906, to date:
OENEBAL CONDITIONS.
Conditions have continued to improve during the past year. Nearly all of
the Pulahan leaders have been killed or captured, and law and order has been
thoroughly established in all of the municiimlities with the exception of the
11024— WAB 1007— VOL 7 ^29
450 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
mouutain district between Horongan ou the east coast and Baaey ou the west
coast, where Otoy, the only Pnlahan chief of any importance, is still out with
u small following.
In addition to the settlement governments heretofore established at Sau Jor*
and Matugino, one has been established in Magtaon Valley, known as Concord,
and another in Hinobangan, where the people who have heretofore lived in the
mountains leading a wild life have been brought under the influence of the
government. Lands have been set aside for them, towns laid out, and officials
appointed, in accordance with the settlement government act, which has proven
very satisfactory, and the people appear to be happy and contented. All of
these settlement governments are self-sustaining and prosperous, except Con-
cord, formerly known as Magtaon, where, owing to the hard campaign, all food-
stuffs have been destroyed. The provincial government is aiding the people
until they can raise their first crop, which will be in the near future. Con
stabulary posts have been established at Concord, a school and church built.
and> every effort has been made to reclaim these people to civilization, and I
feel entirely satisfied with the results obtained.
During the past year the United States military forces, under command of
Col. Fred A. Smith, have rendered very valuable aid in establishing law and
order, and, due very largely to the efforts of Colonel Smith and the ofllcers
under him, the use of the military as peace officers will not be necessary In the
future. The constabulary and the police of the province will be able to main-
tain law and order. The military have established permanent posts, and I
believe that their mere presence will prevent the necessity of having to use
them. The civil government is under many obligations to Colonel Smith for
the results obtained. He is a- very tactful officer, understands the people, sym-
pathizes with them, and has the good will and the gratitude of the people ot
Samar.
The army has rendered excellent service, and at all times has given the civil
authorities Its loyal support. I have consulted with Colonel Smith on aU
important matters, and have received his advice and assistance, which has been
Invaluable, and I feel that whatever success I have achieved In establishing
law and order In the province is due very largely to his good advice and loyal
support. It would be unjust to commend any particular officer of the army
who served In Samar during the past year, as they all rendered magnificent
service and gave to the civil authorities their loyal and enthusiastic support.
Business has been resumed throughout the province and an era of prosperity
prevails. Crops have been good and the people have recovered from the effects
of the recent bagnios and losses cnnsed by the Pnlahan uprising of 1904 and
1905. The north and east coasts have been connected with the outer w^orld
by telegrai)h lines. Roads have been built and trails opened up, and while
there Is still room for Improvement, we have better means of communication
than we heretofore had.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
Ill the municipal elections In December last for councillors in all of the 32
towns, there were only 2 contests, and in the 7 newly-created municipalities,
where nil of the municipal officials were elected, there was but 1 contest as the
law had not been complied with in registering the votes. There were no dis-
turbances of any kind and the elections were held in a very orderly manner.
At the assembly of presldentes held at Cathalogan last October, a resolution
was passed requesting the provincial governor to organize a company of volun-
teers, to be paid by subscriptions of the people, to show that the i)eople theni-
Holves were willing to bear their shnre of establishing law and order. The
results, as will be shown under the head of " Constabulary and volunteers,"
wore good.
There have been no religious disturbances of any kind. All of the i>eoplc
being members of the Roman Catholic Church, they have been visited by the
Right Reverend Thomas A. Hendrick, Bishop of CebCi, who exercises great In-
fluence over the people of the Island of Samar, and whose influence has always
been exercised in the Interest of good government. In fact, I believe that the
influence of Bishop Hendrick has done much to bring about the good results
that have been obtained in this province, and, with two or three missionaries
in the Interior working under his direction, the results obtaiue<l will be per-
manent.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 451
FINANCIAL CONDITIONS.
The flnancial condition has improved, and the province will not only be self-
tjustaining, but will be able to spend some money in public improvements.
A large and substantial pier is now being constructed at the town of Gatba-
logan, which will allow all of the coastwise boats touching there to go along-
side and discharge and receive cargo. This will be a great convenience, espe-
cially to merchants and shippers.
The provincial treasurer's report shows a balance of K2,390.17 in the pro-
vincial general fund ; of W,289.79 in road and bridge fund and of P12,500 in
municipal deposits, beside special deposits. This, of course, is a small balance,
but it shows that the province will be able to pay all expenses without any
assistance from the insular government
Considerable money has been spent during the past two years on roads and
trails, such expenditures being absolutely necessary in order to aid in the
movements of the troops and constabulary. It is believed that at the end of the
next fiscal year the province will have sufficient funds on hand to erect a sub-
stantial provincial building, which Is very much needed.
The principal expense has been for transportation, but with the contract
steamers running to the west and east coasts, and the coast guard cutter on
the route from Iloilo to Legaspi touching at all ports on the north coast, the
provincial work can be done with a small launch, which will be necessary in
order to visit the small Island municipalities and upriver points that can not
be reached by coast guard or large interisland boats. This launch can be run
very economically.
AGBICULTUBAL CONDITIONS.
Samar is essentially an agricultural province. In the northern part the sole
source of revenue is hemp, and in the southern portion, copra. Rice, com, and
camotes are raised only for local consumption. The exportation of hemp and
copra has been larger this year than at any time since American occupation.
The province has recovered entirely from the effects of the recent baguios ; the
hemp that was destroyed has been replanted and houses rebuilt. The price of
hemp and copra has been good, resulting in the farmers being fairly prosperous
throughout the province. The locusts have done some damage in three or four
of the municipalities, but as they do not attack hemp and copra, the damage
has been slight. The seeds distributed by the bureau of agriculture have been
very highly appreciated and more are needed.
COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION.
Commerce has increased during the past year and transportation facilities
have been greatly improved. Interisland boats touch at all important towns.
Freight and passenger rates have been reduced and business simplified. The
run established by tlie bureau of navigation between Iloilo and I^egaspi, touches
at Catbalogan, Calbayog, Allen, Catarmaii, and Laoang on the north coast, and
has been of great assistnce to the merchants and residents of these places, as
heretofore, except the towns of Calbayog and Laoang^ they had not been
reached more than two or three times a year.
The Tabacalera Company, Warner, Barnes & Co., Oria Hermanos, Ynchaustl
& Co., and other firms, do the greater part of the business in the island, but
the Chinese control the retail business, and are becoming strong competitors in
the wholesale trade. This is extremely unfortunate, but can not be avoided.
It would be much better, of course, if, especially, the retail business were in
the hands of the Filipino people. I have done all I could to encourage the Fili-
pinos to enter into commercial business, and a few have established stores and
are doing very well, but it is very hard to compete with the Chinese, as they
are economical and careful business people.
BOADS AND BBIDOES.
The Wrlght-Taft road has been finished to Concord (formerly known as
Magtaon), where a settlement government has been established, telegraph
oflice opened, and a constabulary |K)st built. This is about halfway between the
east and west coasts, and will be of great help in developing the country. The
road has been surveyed from a place known as Camp Curry and 4 miles north
of Concord to Taft on the east coast; but, owing to lack of funds, work has
452 BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
been discontinued. I hope the insular government will be able during the com-
ing year to appropriate sufficient funds to complete this work.
A trail has been built from Loquilocan, on the Wright-Taft road, to San Jos6.
a distance of about 17 miles. This trail is being kept and maintained by the
people living along the line of the road. Ck)nsiderable road work has been done
on the east coast by the presidentes of the different municipalities, especially
by the presidente of Borongan, Mr. James M. McGuire, and the presidente of
Dolores, Mr. Angel C. Crisologo, two excellent officials, who take great Interest
in the roads and other public works.
I think if a road law were passed leaving the work in the hands of the presi-
dente of each municipality, under the supervision of the provincial governor,
that better results would be obtained than under the proposed law and be much
more satisfactory to the people. Of course, the district engineer should be con-
sulted and his plans followed out as far as practicable.
TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONES.
During the past year the telegraph line from Wright via Camp Curry and
Concord has been completed to Taft on the east coast^ connecting at Taft with
the military line which connects all the towns on the east coast except Uor-
ente. I hope the bureau of posts will complete the line from Borongan to
Llorente, thus connecting all the towns on the east coast with the outer world
The presidente of Borongan has raised money by subscription and put in a
telephone line connecting all the important barrios of his municipality with the
tribunal. This has been of great assistance, especially during the recent pu-
lahan troubles.
I recommend that the telegraph line on the east coast be extended from Boron-
gan to Llorente, thence to Guluian on the southwest coast. There is a good road
between these municipalities, and it would be easy to complete the line. Ciul-
uian being the largest municipality in the province, considerable revenue would
be derived by establishing a telegraph office there. This would put us in com-
munication with all of the Important towns in the province except Balanglga
and the island towns, and would facilitate the transaction of public business.
If the bureau of posts desired it, short-term prisoners could be furnished by the
province to do the work.
POST-OFFICES AND MAILS.
Post-offices have been established in all of the imtK)rtant municiiialitles, and
a very good service has been given and is being improved from time to time.
EDUCATION.
Schools were opened in June last with an attendance of 5,542 pupils. As
schools opened In the municipalities and the work extended into the barrios, the
attendance gradually increased until, at the close of the school year, it reached
13,630. This number could have been Increased to 25,000, but the lack of
suitably prepared teachers, as well as of supplies and buildings, rendered it
inadvisable to increase the attendance. At the commencement of the school
year there were 23 American teachers assigned to this province, 15 of whom
were assigned to supervising, 7 to Intermediate, and 1 to secondary work. This
number was augmented from time to time by the appointment of temporary
teachers, until the number reached 20 at the close of the school year. Six
insular Filipino teachers, 104 municipal Filipino teachers, and 22 apprentices,
were teaching at the commencement of the school year. This number was
Increased to 9 Insular and 171 municipal teachers and 124 apprentices at the
end of the school year.
The following expenditures were made by the different municliialltlos during
the past year:
Salaries f*15,154.59
Equipment 1,802.10
Construction 1,144.24
Repairs 1,183.30
Transportation 192.07
Rent 391.42
Total 19. 867. 72
BEPOBTS OF PBOVIKCIAL Q0VBBN0B8. 458
The fact that no sessions of the land court have been held in this province
for some time has delayed the securing of registration of title to the site
selected for a school by the people of Catbalogan. The erection of the shops
will be undertaken immediately upon the registration of the title. The super-
intendent, Mr. Hoover, believes it would be preferable to erect the main build-
ing and the frame of the trade school, leaving the finishing work to be done
upon the latter building by the boys themselves, as they do not expect a place
for a shop, but parents do demand, and rightfully, that their children, especially
daughters, have pleasant surroundings in the class room. This they certainly
have not in the building used at present.
Unless the present system of education is to be radically changed and a
system of purely manual training be introducetl in its stead, we can not neglect
the training of teachers to carry on the work ; and among these teachers must
be girls, ^r. Hoover and the teachers under him have worked hard to build
up the schools of Samar and, in my opinion, have l)een very successful. The
teachers are popular with the people and have set them an example of which
we as Americans are very proud. Mr. Hoover has succeeded in getting school-
houses built in nearly every municipality with very little funds, owing to his
tact in getting along with people and the poularity of himself and the teachers
under him, and I hope that Mr. Hoover's services will be appreciated In a
substantial manner, so that he may be induced to remain with the province of
Samar for at least another year.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
The public health for the past year has been very good. We had one epi-
demic of cholera in the Catubig Valley on the north coast, but the prompt
action of the board of health under the supervision of Dr. Gilbert I. Cullen
soon stamped out the disease.
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS.
The municipal governments are in fairly good condition. A strict compliance
with the law has been required as to the eligibility of the officials, and the per-
sonnel of the officials elected by the people lias been good. ReiMrts are made
promptly, and where municipal ordinances have been found to be illegal, the
municipal councils have always repealed them at the suggestion of the fiscal or
myself who have visited nearly all of the municipalities Jointly, met in assem-
bly with the municipal councillors and assisted them with our advice. As a
result, good ordinances are being passed and fairly well enforced. Gambling
has been prohibited in all municipalities and the law is generally enforced.
Cockfighting has been authorized by municipal ordinance in 27 out of the 82
municipalities, and, while I think it advisable to discourage cockflghtng, I do
not think it practicable to attempt to stop it at the present time. The people
must be given some other source of amusement before they will abandon cock-
flfi^ting. As long as they fight chickens, I think it advisable that it be done
l^ally in the municipalities where we have police supervision over them, but
in barrios without police supervision and in the hills it should be suppressed.
I have, however, informed municipal officials that the matter is entirely in
their hands, and that no efforts would be made by this office to coerce them in
the matter of cockfighting.
Only three officials were suspended during the past year, two of whom were
reinstated. Several councilmen have resigned and some have been expelled by
the council for failure to attend sessions and to perform other work required
of them.
The municipalities have spent considerable money during the past year in the
construction of new municipal buildings and schoolhouses, especially Borongan,
where a large and substantial tribunal is t>eing erected.
This class of public improvements has been temporarily suspended, owing to
a ruling of the insular auditor that where the expenditure exceeds K50, title
will have to be secured in the land court before the same can be authorised.
This is seriously embarrassing the different municipalities, as it will be impos-
sible to secure title to all of the municipal property for some time. In the mean-
time improvements of old buildings and the erection of new ones will have to
be discontinued.
454 BEPORT OP THB PHILIPPINE COMMISSION,
PULAHANISM.
What is known as " Pulahanism '* has almost ceased to exist in this prov-
ince. Otoy, assisted by Angeles and a few others, is in the mountains between
Borongan and Basey with some fifty or sixty followers. The3^ have been so
closely pressed by the military, constabulary, and volunteers that they have not
made an attack on any of the towns or force since November, 1906. Since my
last report. Papa Pablo, the religious head of the Pulahanes, Pedro de la Cruz,
the fighting leader, Lucehte Picardel, and several other leaders have been
killed, and Siblrau Ainaugo, alias Due Due, and Pedro de la PeBa, Lucas Puaa,
aod many other leaders, have been captured by the Government forces and
sentenced to death or long terms of imprisonment.
With the establishment of the settlement governments heretofore referred to
the maintaining of military posts in the places that have been agreed upon, and
an active, vigilant constabulary force, I feel satisfied that outbreaks such as
have occurred in the past will be imi)os8ible In the future.
The people known as Pulahanes are nearly all ignorant, superstitious per-
sons, and are easily influenced for good or for evil. It is therefore necessary
that they be closely watched and brought under our influence, to the end that
within a few years they may no longer have the desire to lead a wild and law-
less life. They are not naturally bad people, and I know that they can be
reclaimed to civilization if brought under the influences mentioned above. Mis-
sionaries are badly needed for these people. They are all naturally religious
and a good priest could exercise more influence over them than anyone else.
JAIL AND PBISONEBS.
The provincial jail has been improved, is now in good sanitary condition, and
has been made more secure by improvements during the last year. There has
not been a single case of beriberi originating in the jail during the year, and
the sick rei)ort has been very small. There are about 00 prisoners at the time
of making this rejwrt. The satisfactory condition of the provincial jail, so far
as sanitation is concerned, is due very largely to the efforts of Doctor CuUen,
district health officer, who has given his personal attention to the same.
POLICE AND VOLUNTEEBS.
The police have done excellent work. They have captured several outlaws,
maintained law and order in many of the places alone, and have not lost
a single firearm of any description. Their number has been reduced from time
to time, and their pay increased, and I feel satisfied that in the towns of
Catbalogan, Calbayog, Catarman, Laoang, Borongan, Guiuian, Zum&rraga, etc.,
the police force will compare favorably with the police of any municipality In
the Philippine Islands. I have frequently moved the police, especially tliose
of Calbayog, from one point to another, in pursuit of Pulahanes and other
outlaws. The efficiency of this force is due very largely to Lieut. W. A. Bur-
bank, Philippines Constabulary, who was detailed by the director of con-
stabulary to assist the provincial governor in the organization and supervision
of the police. At the meeting of the presidentes held last October, a resolution
was passed requesting the provincial governor to organize 200 volunteers to
be armed with rifles and as many to be armed with bolos as might be found
necessary. The matter was submitted to the governor-general while in Catba-
logan, and he approved of the plan. As a result, a volunteer force was organ-
ized comi)06ed entirely of Filipino residents. Lieut. Juan Sulse of the con-
stabulary was apix)inted chief of volunteers, with Claro Guevara as assistant
chief. Two companies of 100 armed men each, with Eugenio Daza as captain
of one company, to operate on the east coast in the vicinity of Borongan, and
one company under Captain Aboukay to operate on the west coast in the vicinity
of Catbalogan and Wright. The subordinate officers and the enlisted men of
the volunteers were very carefully selected by Chief Sulse, Captains Aboukay
and Daza. To Captain Aboukay was assigned the task of running down and
capturing the fighting leader of the Pulahanes — Pedro de la Cruz. After being
in the field about one month, Captain Aboukay, with 60 volunteers under his
personal command, found and took the camp of Pedro de la Cruz, killed him
and about 26 members of his band, captured 6 guns, and practically destroyed
tbe entire band. The remaining members who escaped were captured by the
REPOttTS 01? PROVtKOIAL GOVERNORS. 456
constabulary and volunteers. A few weeks later Major Murphy, with Lieu-
tenant Sulse and Lieutenant Mason, aide to Colonel Smith, with about 40
constabulary and volunteers, found and attacked the camp of Papa Pablo,
killing him and several members of his band and capturing their arms. The
volunteers under Captain Daza attacked the Pulahanes under Angeles south
of Borongan last November and, in a running fight on the sea, sunk a boat
containing several Pulahanes, who lost 3 rifles in the sea, 1 of which was
recovered by the volunteers. They continued to operate with the military,
under command of Majors Johnson and Hutton, and later, Major Rowland,
the present commanding officer at Borongan. Captain Daza is still in the
Held with Major Ilowland trying to capture Otoy. the remaining Pulahan chief.
Too much credit can not be given Chief of Volunteers Sulse and the volun-
teer oflicers and men under him, especially Captain Aboukay, for their magnifi-
cent work.
Before turning over the office to my successor, Major Murphy, all of the arms
issued to the volunteers were called in and not a single rifle was missing.
This is certainly very creditable to the officers and men of the volunteers, and
shows not only their loyalty but the care they exercised in preserving the arms
entrusted to them.
CONSTABULARY.
The constabulary of this province has rendered excellent service during
the i)ast year under the leadership of Maj. J. B. Murphy as senior insjiector.
A very high state of discipline is maintained and not a single complaint has
been made against this organization during the year. On the contrary, presi-
dentes, municipal officials, and others have praised the constabulary in their
reports and have recpiested that they be stationed in their towns.
Major Murphy is a very active and energetic officer. He is very popular
with the people of this province, and the officers under him have given him and
myself loyal support. I desire to esi)ecially mention Lieut. Juan Sulse, chief
of volunteers, a native of the province of Samar, as an exceptionally efficient
and popular officer. Lieut. W. A. Burbank, chief of police, has familiarized
himself with conditions in the province, and is efficient and popular. Lieut.
Oraham S. Mactavish who, although recently appointed to the constabulary,
has been a resident of Samar for several years and has filled several important
I)osltions in the civil government. These, and other officers of the constabulary,
have entered into their work with the proper spirit and are making the work
of the provincial officers much easier by their energy and tact. '
ADMINISTRATION.
There have been some changes during the past year in the administration, the
office of provincial secretary having been abolished. In my opinion the change
1ms worked very satisfactorily. The chief clerk who was apiKiinted has proved
very satisfactory to the board. The appointment of the third member of the
board, Mr. Vicente Jazmines, has been very acceptable to the people. The mem-
bers of the provincial board have worked together in perfect harmony, there
never having been the slightest dissent ion among them.
RECOM MENDATIONS.
LAND 'TAX.
In view of the fact that few, if any, of the people Jiave perfect titles to their
lands, the boundaries being imperfectly described, and the fact that there are
practically no carabao or stock to work the fields with, I recommend that the
land tax be suspjended for the year 1908. This would make three years, if the
tax Is suspended, which would be carrying out the promise made by the Sec-
retary of War and the Governor-General that the land tax would probably be
Huspendwl for a period of three years, and that when the tax should be collected
in the future the law would be modified.
KOADS AND BRIDGB8.
I recommend that action on the proposed ^oad law be deferred until the meet-
ing of the Philippine Assembly, when the representatives, fresh from the people,
will undoubtedly be able to pass a law that will result in improvement to roads
. and be satisfactory to the people.
456 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
I recommend tbat an appropriation be made to extend the Wright-Taft road
from its present terminus at Camp Curry into the interior of Samar to a point
near Taft on the east coast, where it will have water connection.
INTEBNAL-KEVBNUS AND TAXATION.
I recommend that the internal -revenue law be simplified, so tbat the cost of
collection be reduced. The principles of the internal-revenue law are right, «<>
far as they relate to taxation on liquors and tobaccos, but it should be simplified
with a view to economizing.
I also recommend that the forestry tax be entirely suspended, except for eoiu-
mercial puriK>ses, and that when the value of the timber cut is less tha% ^100,
it be not considered for ''commercial purixises.*' In many cases a poor man
goes into the interior and brings back a few bejucos (rattans) and sells a few
bundles of wood in order to make a living. This has been construed as tor
** commercial purjioses." The revenue derived is very small and it works a
great hardship on the masses of the people.
I also rec*ommend that the circular sent out by the internal-revenue bureau,
requiring parties who desire to cut timber other than of the first group for
building their own homes to give bond, be rescinded. I do not think the act
suspending the operation of this law for five years contemplated that a bond
should be given. If this was in force, it would put the province to a very lar^e
expense, and the only result accomplished would be the annoyance of the
people. In provinces like 8a mar, where the majority of the iieople are very
ignorant, this circular should be rescinded.
IN CONCLUSION.
In leaving the province of Samar, I feel confident that under the adminis-
tration of Ma J. J. B. Murphy, my successor, conditions will continue to improve,
and that by the end of next December Pulahanism will have entirely din-
appeare<l, and that Samar will be a law-abiding and prosiierous province.
Thanking the Governor-General and the members of the (^mmisaion for the
confidence they have reimsed in me and the support they have given my admin-
istration, I remain,
A'ery respectfully, Geoboe Cubby,
Governor of tJie Province of Samar,
To the Executive Secbetaby,
Manila, P. /.
BEPOBT OF the GOVEBNOB OF SOBSOGON.
[Translation.]
Office of the Govebnob, Pbovince of Sobsogon,
SorHogon, P. /., July 27, 1907.
Sib: I have the honor, in compliance with the. law, to submit herewith nay
reiwrt for the fiscal year ended June ;J0, 11)07.
agbicultube.
Since times immemorial, when Sorsogon still belonged to the province of
Albay, this has been an essentially agricultural province, and now the Inhabi-
tants are more than ever enthusiastic agriculturists, as it seems that they
understand better than before that agriculture is a real and sure source of
wealth, which endures, even though the calamities befalling It are as persistent
as those which the i)rovince of Sorsogon has had to suffer. To prove the truth
of this fact we have the district of Masbate. The inhabitants of Masbate did
not think of agriculture in the times of their prosperity, but only of cattle rais-
ing, and the uinnicii)alities which did not do anything in the line of agriculture
in those days are now suflferlng untold hardships. The people of the pueblos
of the subprovince mentioned, with the exception of those of San Jacinto and
San Fernando, on TIcao Island, and ITson, Catatngan, Mobo and Milagros, on
Masbate, have only in recent times begun, or rather learned, to break and till
their vast fields and make them produce, because since the rinderpest and the
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 457
glanders annihilated their cattle, the inhabitants of those pueblos have en-
gaged rather In the hazardous life of the fisherman than in the more sub-
stantial pursuit of agriculture.
It will therefore be understood that the inhabitants of Masbate are com-
pelled to work six times as hard as those of Sorsogon in order to maintain life,
and that it is necessary, for this reason, that Masbate be converted into an agri-
cultural province, and that exjierlments should be made to ascertain which crops
are the most suitable for them, in view of their present situation. I am of the
opinion that they should be furnished with large quantities of maguey plants,
In view of the fact that the locusts seem to have found Masbate and 'Burias
very agreeable places of abode, as these islands swarm at all times of the year
with hoppers, which do not spare anything they encounter, and that the maguey
plant Is safe from the attacks of these insects. Beside, supposing the cattle
increase again, the maguey plant has the advantage of not being agreeable food
to quadrupeds.
Sorsogon has es^tensive plantations of abaca, and a great deal of enthusiasm
is shown for cocoanuts and maguey ; but as it is still suffering from the effects
of the hurricane of the year 1905, which wrought great havoc, not only among
the abaca plantations, but also among the cocoanut groves, there are not suffi-
cient maguey or cocoanut seeds for making extensive plantations of these im-
portant plants, which would bring the pueblos increased prosperity in the years
to come.
Masbate also suffers from a scarcity of cocoanuts for planting. In view of the
present lack of cattle. It would be of great advantage to plant cocoanut trees
there, as the cocoanut does very well in the soil of Masbate, which, though at
present apparently arid, will, 1 hoi)e, become more fertile a few years hence, as
the rainfall will increase and the soil will acquire the constant humidity which
it needs so much.
The original province of Sorsogon Is essentially an abaca-growing province;
its abaca has always had a good reputation in the foreign markets, and has
therefore commanded better prices than that of other provinces. At present
the prices have fallen considerably, and if they continue as they are the poor
planters will have to wait two or three years to recover the losses suffered by
the hurricane of 1905 and the drought of 1901, notwithstanding the relatively
good condition of their plantations, and in order to pay the Interest on the money
that the commercial houses have advanced to the landowners, which doubtless
constitutes an incumbrance on the plantations in which the capital was invested,
they will be compelled to exhaust the plants, which means the ruin of the entire
province.
In view of this precarious state of affairs it is of Imperious necessity that an
agricultural bank be established soon, to the end of saving from ruin the only
source of wealth of this province, Its agriculture, which requires more than ever
a decided and real protection.
COUlfKBCE.
The true barometer of the prosperity or penury of a pueblo is doubtless Its
commercial movement, it being a well-known fact that the greater the amount
of products exported the greater is- the amount of money In circulation, the
more prosijerous feel the people, and the better can the public exchequer afford
to defray expenses of all sorts requested by the people.
In order that a pueblo may reach great prosperity, It Is doubtless necessary
that its agriculture be well attended to and its production constant* that Its
means of communication be in good condition, to render the transportation of
its products to the markets both easy and economical, and that means of trans-
r)ortation be available. In these respects the pueblos of Sorsogon feel to a
great extent the results of the horrible mortality among their live stock, from
rinderpest, glanders, and surra in 1903, of the drought of 1904, and of the hurri-
cane of 1905. The landowners as well as the merchants have been compelled
to go to great expense in order to procure animals for tilling the fields or
transi>orting their products from the plantations to the markets, or from the
private warehouses to the large godowns, for the reason that all cattle imported
into this province is sold at fabulous prices, and that in view of the great
scarcity of money there are few landowners who can afford to buy cattle for
their own use. Generally speaking, the merchants have made large profits in
dealing in cattle ; but there have also been great losses, because in some cases
95 per cent or all of the cattle have died after having been in their possession
a week or two.
458 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
There are pueblos at the present moment which, notwithstanding the relative
improvement In the production of their plantations, have been compelled to
store their agricultural products in barrios or vlsitas distant from tbe towns.
where It would be relatively easy to dispose of them. In these cases. If the
owner sees tit to sell his product, he comes to an understanding -with, the
merchant, who agrees to receive the same at the warehouse of the vendor and
to take It to his warehouse himself, using his own animals. Conditions being
such in this province, is it to be expected that, there will be much prosijerity
In the pueblos after the price of the abaca, at present its sole positive source
of wealth, has gone down so much? There are pueblos where there has been
rinderpest and glanders, which lose W0,000 per month In freights alone. What
must have been the loss of the landowners who, aside from the income which
they derived from their plantations, had lost their animals which saved them
transportation expenses, and how can It be possible for the pueblos to prosper,
though there be commerce?
The provincial government, being acquainted with all these clrcumstanceis
has, whenever It was possible to do so, given preferential attention to tbe con-
struction of bridges and the repair of roads. In order to furnish facilities to
commerce. At the present time commerce Is almost at a standstill, because, as
I understand, the merchants are placing their funds in Manila, because of their
fears, which are perhaps well founded, of unforeseen events that might affect
their Interests.
I really do not know whether the present commercial stringency is due to
rumors of war, and whether there is any probability of such a contingency ; but
the fact remains, the province is passing through a crisis such as It has never
experienced before, which Is due to the extraordinary decrease in the prices of
abaca, on account of which the poor landowners are scarcely able to cover their
needs, the cost of the articles of prime necessity being very high at present. I
am unable to give precise Information as to the truth of the reports received
by me from several jwlnts in this province, to the effect that the three or four
commercial houses, which have branches in nearly all the pueblos of Sorsogon,
have come to an agreement to establish uniform schedules of prices for abaca,
according to quality, and for rice, according to the place of production. If these
reports are true, then the products mentioned are completely monoi>olized, and
unless a new firm comes in and acts independently from the others, so as to
break up the combination mentioned, I am sure this province will never be able
to recover from its state of prostration. The only salvation from this state of
slavery. If I may use this expression, which I can see, Is that the other crops
which the agriculturists have begun to plant in the last few years will produce
as much or more than the abaca. On my visits to the pueblos I recommend to
the Inhabitants, In addition to my standing recommendation, that they take ad-
vantage of the privilege granted to them by the insular government to apply for
a parcel of public land as a homestead, to make extensive plantations of cocoa-
nuts, cacao, and maguey, in order that they may have a variety of products
which the capitalists are bound to seek In due time, seeing that abaca has been
Introduced In many parts of the archipelago, and is therefore not an exclusive
product of this region. We have a pueblo In this province which is worthy of
all attention and support. The president of this pueblo tells me that the
branches of the three commercial houses existing In Sorsogon have decreased
the price of aba en and increased the price of rice to such an extent that the
proceeds from the crops harvested on the plantations are not sufficient to cover
the indispensable expenses of their maintenance. This Is an essentially abaca-
growing pueblo, and as it has no rice lands, the inhabitants are compelled to
secure their rice through the commercial houses, which charge such prices as
they see fit.
The municipal president mentioned came to my office on behalf of the pueblo,
In order to Inform me that the large property owners of Pilar have agreed to
put their abaca together and export It directly to Manila, where they will ap-
point an agent to take charge of it, and to Invest the proceecls In rice. In order
to break the monopoly established in their pueblo by the commercial houses
and save the people from destitution, which will be their fate if the present
state of affairs is not remedied.
The municipality of Pilar Is an Important producer of abaca, and as matters
now stand in that pueblo, the insular government is losing more In taxes than
the province and the municipality, as the Internal-revenue receipts can not
be large. In accordance with the wishes of the people of Pilar, as stated by
their president in my office, I therefore respectfully suggest to the honorable
BEPORTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 459
the governor-general that the coast-guard cutter which makes fortnightly
trips from Manila to Atimonan and calls at Burias, call also at the port of
Pilar, to load abaca and to bring rice from Manila to said port, against the
payment of the proper freight charges. I make this request in view of the
fact that the circular of the director of navigation informs me that cargo and
passengers are taken. I understand that in doing so the government will de-
rive double gains and will give prosperity to the poor inhabitants of the pueblo
mentioned, who will shower blessings upon your administration if your protec-
tion will aid them in delivering themselves from their present state of semi-
slavery.
EOONOMIC CONDITION.
In view of the thousand calamities which have overwhelmed the province
and of the large expenditures which the pueblos have had to make for fighting
the locusts which invaded* their fields the middle of last year, and for improv-
ing their public buildings, some of which were seriously damaged and others
completely wrecked by the hurricane of 1905, I deem it my duty to relate the
work executed at the expense of the municipal funds in the several pueblos,
in order to give an idea of the management of affairs in each for the good
of the inhabitants.
The balances of all the municipalities for the fiscal year are shown in
" Exhibit A."«
The municipalities which succeeded in reducing expenses endeavored to in-
veyst their savings in important Improvements, in order to embellish their
pueblos, these improvements being not only of urgent necessity, but tending
also to improve the looks of the towns.
The municipality of Bacon, the beautiful schoolhouse and town hall of which
were destroyed by the typhoon of 1906, found it necessary to give preferential
attention to the reconstruction and improvement of the municipal school, so
that the education of the youth might not be neglected, and removed the munici^
pal ofilces to the ground fioor of the building mentioned, after making a few
repairs to render it more adequate for office purposes. The construction of a
town hall and a market, which are of great necessity to the pueblo, was aban-
doned, in order not to neglect public instruction. A large portion of the gen-
eral funds of the municipality was appropriated for school purposes to pay the
poor teachers, who had worked so hard to instruct the children living distant
from the central school, and whose salaries had not been paid because of the
lack of school funds. This prevented their becoming discouraged, and stimu-
lated them in the continuance of their arduous labor of teaching the youth.
The municipality of Prieto-Diaz, the schoolhouse whereof — ^a building with a
frontage of over 36 yards — was wrecked by the typhoon of the year 1905,
spent a large portion of its general funds for the repair of this edifice, and the
municipal president generously offered his entire salary for one-half of the
present year, solely that the education of the children of his pueblo be not in-
terrupted, and this after fixing up, or rather constructing, a pretty schoolhouse
in the barrio of Calaw, where he has his residence.
The municipality of Gubat, which was the first in the province to construct
a schoolhouse according to modem standards, had the same misfortune as the
other pueblos, as the typhoon caused serious damage not only to the beautiful
school building, but also to the town hall. The present municipal council, all
the members of which were animated by the desire not to have the education
of their children suffer the least interruption, however, repaired the school-
house immediately, postponing until the present season the repairs urgently
required by the town hall, which unfortunately are very considerable, the build-
ing being more like a palace than a house.
In the municipality of Barcelona the terrible force of the typhoon of the year
1905 completely destroyed the new town hall and the schoolhouse. At present,
however, thanks to the great efforts made by the municipality, with the co-
operation of the people, the offices of the municipality are located in the re-
constructed town hall, and besides repairing the old schoolhouse, now being used
by the children of the pueblo, the enthusiastic inhabitants of Barcelona, on the
initiative of the present municipal council, presided over by Sefior Domingo
Espigol, have begun to construct a new one, adapted to the needs of the pueblo
and built on modem lines, which will soon be finished. The whole building is
^ Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
460 REPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
of masonry and will have a roof of galvanized iron, donated by the insular
government.
The municipality of Bulusan, which lost all its public buildings through tkie
insurrection of 1901 and the typhoon of 1905, Is constructing, a large school-
house, which will cover the needs of the pueblo. This work Is being done by
dint of great economies and of active cooperation on the part of the inhabitants,
on motion of the present municipal council, presided over bySefior Benito Gamlt,
whose children are very anxious to become educated. The building Is 27 meters
long, 17 meters deep, and C meters high, and Is constructed of masonry ; It ^p^lll
be roofed with galvanized iron, donated by the Insular government. The parish
priest of Bulusan, seeing the dreadful ravages caused In this province by the
brigands, whose leaders. In order to secure their desires, made use of tlie
fanaticism Imported from Samar, and understanding that the municipality
would not have sufficient funds to defray the expenses of the construction of
the school If compelled to get an outsider to superintend the work, spontane-
ously offered his services to direct the work without any compensation what-
soever, prompted solely by his great desire to see the youth of his pueblo edu-
cated and Instructed, It being his conviction that an educated and «ili|^tened
man would never be guilty of such madness as was committed in the year
1902, the first year of his ministry In this pueblo. The municipality of Irosin,
the only Inland pueblo, was Intimately related to the pueblo of Bulan before the
rinderpest annihilated all the cattle of the province. Bulan being a port, all
the products of Irosin were exported through it, and thousands of sacks of
rice were Imported through It for consumption by the inhabitants of Iroaln.
This important communication being Interrupted, both pueblos lost at lea^t
n0,000 per mouth in connection with the transportation of rice and abaca,
and the pueblo of Irosin, being deprived of all the advantages mentioned, and
anxious to prevent its dying from inanition, foimd it of indispensable necessity
to repair a portion of the road connecting it with Juban, in order to take advan-
tage of a river for exporting Its products to Juban or Casiguran, two ports
through which it now obtains the rice needed. For this purpose they have been
obliged to construct four important drains, which have already cost them a
considerable sum, and at present they are still engaged in the work of metaling
the road mentioned.
Aside from the work of which I have spoken, the people of Irosin are making
great improvements on the town hall, which Is spacious enough to allow of a
large part of It being ceded for educational purposes, pending the construction
of a schoolhouse. This is the only way in which they are able to economise
for the purpose of collecting funds for the construction of a schoolhouse, of the
Importance whereof they are not unaware.
The pueblo of Bulan also has a municipal council, the members whereof are
enthusiastic admirers of Its Intellectual and material progress. The majority of
these members hold only provisional appointments, as they were selected to
substitute officers elected the year before last, who were either suspended or
removed from office for serious irregularities In the performance of their duties.
After repairing the serious damage caused by the typhoon to Its beautifnl
schoolhouse, the municipality of Bulan began, in the last month of the last
fiscal year, to build three Iron bridges. Of these, two are already completed,
and the third has been left for the coming year, because what little funds remain
are to be used for the market, the construction whereof is of Imperious
necessity, owing to Its importance and the large revenue it will bring to the
municipal treasury. If the persons exhibiting their products there are well
protected and the place well arranged. This, Important work is l>eing carried
on with the greatest activity by Messrs. Hermogenes Gollaba, acting president,
Mariano Mora to, acting vice-president, and Six to Gocoyo, late municipal presi-
dent and now councillor, with whom the other officers cooperate, doubtless
stimulated by the glory and satisfaction of being able to say that within their
short terms of office they have made Improvements of great Importance, which,
in addition to embellishing the town, give it increased prosperity and life.
This municipality and that of Irosin were In former times a splendid help
to each other, In view of the port of the former and the large production of
nbaca of the latter. This explains why it is the great desire of the municipality
of Bulan to have Its bridges and principal wagon road toward Irosin well
attended to, In order to facilitate the exiwrtatlon and importation of products,
and to build good and safe bridges over the large rivers which have to be
crossed so as to avoid losses on the imrt of the parties Interested.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAIi GOVEBNOBS. " 461
The great importance of Its commerce Is the weighty reason why the pro-
vincial board, being acquainted with the circumstances, has given three steel
bridges to that part of the province. Bulan, realizing what great advantage it
derives from having its bridges in good condition, did not hesitate in 1905 to
set aside from its funds the sum of P4,000, to be added to the large expenditures
made by the province and to aid in bringing all the road work within its terri-
tory to a successful conclusion. However, it was found necessary to make the
abutments of the bridges very solid and far apart, in order to avoid damage
to them by the trees carried away by the great floods, and Sefior Slxto
Gocoyo was compelled to suspend the work, l>ecause of the treasury being with-
out funds.
The municipality of Juban made extensive repairs on its town hall, a part
of which is being used as a school, there being no funds available for the con-
struction of a new schoolhouse. It has also built a market, and expects to
secure a good income from the same, which will enable it to attend to other
urgent improvements.
The municipality of Casiguran has reconstructed its town hall, of which it
has ceded a large part for school purposes, because of the lack of a schoolhouse.
Having secured a suitable piece of land for this purpose, it is now constructtog
a good market
The municipality of Magallanes, anxious to introduce greater economy, has
built a town hall in which its offices are now located, the house formerly oc-
cupied by the latter having been set aside for school purposes, pending the con-
struction of the new schoolhouse in project.
The municipality of Donsol has, like the other pueblos, made great efforts to
construct a schoolhouse in accordance with the needs of the pueblo. This build-
ing has uprights and a floor of good lumber, the latter a meter above the ground,
is located in a very healthy place, and has good accommodations for the pupils
and for the safety of the school material.
The president, Sefior Justo Clemen te, and the municipal council, are anxious
to provide this building with a galvanized-iron roof and with walls of good
lumber, but the donations received for this building, amounting to over ^,000,
hyaving been expended, and the lack of funds prevented them from taking fur-
ther action.
The following improvements have been made in the subprovlnce of Masbate
by the several municipalities: San Fernando has begun work on the construc-
tion of a good schoolhouse, which is to be extended and converted into an inter-
mediate school; Masbate has extended the grounds of its municipal school,* and
made a few improvements in the building. Mobo, Uson, and Dimas-Alang have
made improvements according to their ability, to wit: Mobo and Dimas-Alang
have reconstructed their schoolhouses which were wrecked by the typhoon;
Uson has improved its schoolhouse, and Dlmas-Alang has also built a new town
hall at the site where the new poblaci6n has been established.
The municipalities of Gataingan, Placer, Milagros, and PulandutA have done
the same thing, Gataingan and Milagros distinguishing themselves by the great
comforts which they have provided for the boys and girls who attend their
schools. Great credit is to be given for this work to Mr. Babst, municipal presi-
dent of Gataingan, and to Don Gamilo Ubalde, parish priest of Milagros, who has
even contributed his own money to further instruction in his pueblo. This can
be confirmed by Mr. Moore, the principal of the Masbate high school, who has
related this fact to me.
The municipality of San Pascual, on the island of Burias, has built a school
adequate for the needs of the pueblo.
FINANCES.
Though the present financial condition of the province is truly deplorable, I
have deemed it well to include a statement (Exhibit B) showing all of its
transactions, in order to make known the supreme effort which has been made
to save it from certain ruin.
The provincial government has made untold efforts and has introduced all
the economies which were reasonable for the purpose of reducing the expenses
overwhelming its exhausted treasury; but notwithstanding all of these efforts
it has not been successful, because the commerce Is at present in nn exceedingly
poor condition, and, moreover, the internal revenue act came upon us before
we had been able to recover from the losses which the provincial treasury had
sustained on account of its irregular management during the year preceding
the inauguration of this law.
462 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PUBLIC INSTBUCTION.
If the province has a treasure which attracts the attention of natives and
strangers, and which it has been accumulating since peace was completely re-
established throughout its territory, this treasure is doubtless that of the oppor-
tunities for education, for which the youth of the province is striving witli such
great enthusiasm and perseverance. It is a source of satisfaction to see the boys
and girls joyfully repair to the schools to receive instruction from their gener-
ous teachers, who communicate to them knowledge, that imperishable wealth
which has always been one of the most important factors in giving our pueblos
Inestimable well-being and In winning them the admiration of everybody.
This enthusiasm for education extends to everybody, to such a degree that
as we have stated in the chapter on " Economics," many of the pueblos have
given preferential attention to It in the midst of the numerous hardships
through which they have suffered, as a result of the calamities w^hich have
struck them in quick succession, and they have not shrunk at expenses or sac-
rifices in reconstructing the schoolhouses destroyed by the typhoon of the year
1905, or in building new schools adequate to the needs of their pueblos and in
accordance with modem ideas.
Aside from the work done by the municipalities of the entire province in
connection with public instruction in the towns proper, the municipalities of
the originftl province of Sorsogon have endeavored to extend the same to the
barrios also, furnishing them with teachers paid from the municipal funds.
The inhabitants of the barrios have themselves also hired private Instructors
to teach the rudiments of writing, reading, and arithmetic.
All the municipalities, imbued with the importance of education, have not
been satisfied with having within their limits municipal schools, and rural
schools dependent upon the central schools, but have contributed, so far as It
was in their power, with lumber or with money, toward the construction of
the high school, where their children will be able to pursue the studies per-
taining to secondary instruction with greater economy, as they will be able
to remain within their own province and will not be compelled to go to Manila.
To our greatest grief the terrible fall in the price of our product — abaca —
prevents us from continuing this important work, and we must wait until the
times improve, and until my suiter lors have seen the work themselves, as I
believe that it is lost time to describe it in letters and by photographic views
in order to secure aid. I can truthfully say that two-thirds of the work is
finished, and if it were not for the numerous obstacles which we encounter,
and- which seem to have conspired against us to frustrate our good purposes,
we would not, in my opinion, be compelled to apply for the aid of the insular
government, through the department of public instruction, because if the reve-
nues of the province had not suffered such great losses, they would suffice
to complete the work to the satisfaction of the people in general, and particu-
larly of the department of public instruction, to which we have always dedi-
cated our efforts and sacrifices, and to which w^e have always given the honor
and the credit which it deserves for the eminent services which it is rendering
this country.
The inhabitants of the province, not the wealthy class^ alone, but particularly
the poor, are all anxious to see this work realized. So great is the love of
the people for education that they have all given evidence of It — the grown
lieople by building schoolhouses and the children by their assiduous attendance
at the schools. What is the cause of this radical change in the youth of to-day —
why do the children of tender age leave home to go to school though it rain
in torrents, or the heat be unbearable? Is it because to stay away from school
makes them feel ill at ease, a feeling which even the games suitable to their
age can not remove? No doubt the times have changed, and with them the
ways of the people. The man who possesses knowledge and wisdom has at
all times and places merited affection and consideration from everybody; but
there was a time, which has already been relegated to history, when the in-
telligent among the Filipinos were regarded with more or less suspicion and
dislike by many of the persons then ruling in this country, who, from the
moment that they perceived an Intelligent Filipino having opinions different
from theirs, had all his actions watched, and If the susi>ect wished to live,
he WHS c<)rai)elled either to suffer ostracism or. If he could do so, go abroad
and disappear completely from his native land.
Luckily this state of affairs Is now a thing of the past, and everybody sees
that the educated persons are now living tranquilly, without fear of being mo-
BBPORTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 468
lested, and enjoying a relative well-being. Can the parents and the children
who observe these things remain indifferent, knowing as they do that aH the
children have a right to live?
Owing to the reasons stated, the total matriculation of the schools of Sor-
sogon and Masbate for the school year 1906-7 amounts to 9,540, and these
pupils have made remarlcable progress In their studies.
This total is made up as follows:
Sorsogon :
Pupils of primary schools 6,076
Pupils of intermediate schools 198
Total 6,274
Masbate :
Pupils of primary schools 3,095
Pupils of intermediate schools 181
Total 3,276
Grand total 9,550
In order to encourage the pupils to devote themselves not only to intellectual
studies, but also to athletic training, which is a very wise idea, prisses have been
established, consisting of handsome cups and medals, to gain which those of
Sorsogon, Masbate, Albay, and Ambos Camarines, enter into competition.
Each year three days are set aside for these public competitions, which are
held alternately in the capitals of the provinces mentioned.
It grieves me to state that during the three years that these provincial games
or festivities have been established, the pupils of the original province of Sorso-
gon have always lost the two cups and six medals donated by Judge Trent, and
other illustrious and enthusiastic friends of the education of the youth of the
Bicol region, in order to encourage athletics. This is perhaps due to their not
being accustomed to these exercises, or to insufficient practice, no adequate
place being available for the purpose; but it must be said, though it may dis-
please the three other Bicol provinces, that while their boys have defeated ours,
BO far as strength and skill are concerned, the boys of Sorsogon can proudly
state that in the year 1906 they won half of the prizes oflTered by Judge Carson,
and in the present year they won the best cup donated by him, which was
awarded, upon competition before a comiietent tribunal, to the pupils who wrote
the most brilliant essay. One of the features of this struggle, which is very
remarkable and deserving of special mention, is that the competitors from Am-
bos Camarines and Albay had already completed the eighth grade, while those
from Sorsogon had completed only the sixth. What glory for Division Superin-
tendent Caulkins and the teachers who are cooperating with him with true zeal
and interest in the high school of the Province of Sorsogon, and what satis-
faction for the parents of the students, who saw that their sons had been
studious, for their own good and to the honor and glory of their progenitors,
who had spared neither expense nor sacrifice in order to give them an education !
This fact is a great glory for the department of public instruction, repre-
sented in this remote comer of the island of Luzon by Division Superintendent
Caulkins, by Mr. Kirtland, the principal of the provincial high school, and by
the teachers — Mr. and Mrs. Aumiller, Mrs. Kirtland and Miss Wright — who
have won the affection of the whole province. It was a great consolation to
the authorities, who are doing their utmost to better the condition of the
pueblos and to bring the intellect and culture of the youth of their province to a
high standard.
Notwithstanding the numerous obstacles which we encounter in the work of
the construction of the high school now being built in the capita], I have faith
that this work will sooner or later be carried to full completion, if not by
myself by my successors, the special quality required in the face of this colossal
undertaking being perseverance, as one must not allow the magnitude of the
enterprise and the large amount of work still to ho done in the interior of the
edifice to discourage him.
In order to prevent accidents, provision has been made for the care of the
material kept within and without the edifice, the provincial board having re-
solved, though the work is now suspended for lack of funds, to api)oint a per-
manent guard to watch the building and the grounds, especially after school
hours. However, the building being very large, and it being still impossible
464 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
to olose all the outer doors, for the reason that the material is not all drj, a
Chinaman succeeded in entering the building and made Mmself at home In one
of the rooms, where the watchman found him smoking opium with the greatest
contentment
A large part of this building has been used since last year for the Inter-
mediate school, and for the high school which was opened this year. As to
the latter, I greatly regret that some of the studies are, for good reasons,
taught insufficiently and others are omitted altogetiier, as there are only tbree
teachers who are able, however hard they may strive, to attend to the urgent
needs of education now tliat the classes of the high school are open. I^st
school year there were five teachers for the intermediate school alone, which
makes me think that this year we may with good reason ask for double that
number. I wish to call the attention of the department of public instruction
to this matter.
POLTTICAL COWDITIOWS.
To prove that deep peace prevails throughout this province, it is sufficient
to consider the work performed by the municipalities, which will convince one
that the Inhabitants do not experience the apprehension and fear which is
noticeable whenever the public order is disturbed. It is a well-known fact
that in such critical times everything is at a standstill, and it is even difficult
to acquire what is necessary to sustain life, for the reason that the people are
deprived of full liberty of action, some of them being implicated, and the good
people preferring to shut themselves up in their homes from fear of being con-
founded with the bad. In such times all interests are abandoned, the armed
forces of the government impose themselves on the people, and the entire
mechanism of the administration, in its executive and judicial branches, suffers
greatly until order is restored.
Luckily this restlessness Incidental to public disorder does not prevail,
though it is true that there is not the same active life as in former years, when
it was relatively easy to secure what is necessary to sustain life, and to pay the
taxes established by the government. I have no reason to believe that the
present sad condition of the province, which I attribute solely to the agoniz-
ing condition of its commerce, will give rise to public disorder The abacft
plantations, while not in a completely normal condition, have taken a new
lease on life, and the owners are making use of them without wasting any-
thing. This enables them to attend to their most pressing needs, though not
with ease, in view of the low prices now prevailing in the Sorsogon market.
I have a certain fear, however, that the public order may be disturbed in
Masbate, because the pueblos of that region, which are very poor, had planted
a relatively large amount of rice and maize this year, when the locusts canw»
and destroyed everything, even the cocoanut trees under one year of age. An
attempt to disturb the public order occurred at Milagros, Masbate, last year.
The leaders — several fanatics from Nc^rros Occidental — succeeded in escaping
from the active prosecution of the constabulary stationed on the island and of
the police of the municipality mentioned, but their followers are still in prison,
awaiting the final decision of the court.
NATURAL RESOURCES.
The topographical condition, which is volcanic, mountainous, and broken,
shows that it must have natural wealth, which may mean large profits to the
capitalists if properly exploited.
As to minerals, we have coal, marble, gypsum, and sulphur. The sulphur
is- found on the slopes of the Bulusan volcano, but I am informed that it is
difficult of access, for the reason that the volcano is not completely extinct, and
exhales, at the place where the sulphur is found, large quantities of asphyxiat-
ing vaiwrs, which have given trouble to many hunters who have ventured to
those heights.
There is also good timber of all the groups known ; but In the Spanish times
a great deal of timber of the best classes was exported, and the three large
shipyards then existing in this province consumed a very large quantity of it,
the result being that now good timber is found only in .the interior of the
mountains, and in order to obtain it one needs good apparatus for passing over
the roughest parts. The physical laws are Invariable, and affect the mineral
as well as the vegetable, and for this reason the molave, tindalo, and narra,
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 466
etc.. are like the diamond, both very hard and brittle. It being necessary to
transport these timbers over great distances, and it being impossible to pre-
vent their receiving frequent shocks in passing over the rough places in the
mountains, the wood, on being sawed at the point of arrival, is often found to
have cracks, which lessen its value. The result is that the concessionaire, in
order to recover his immense expense8,*is compelled to sell the good piece which
he finds, if he finds any, at a fabulous price.
MANX7FACTURE8 AND INDUSTRIES.
I regret to state that although textiles of all sorts, from the roughest cloth
to the finest jusi and silk, are woven by the women, they are not exported, but
used exclusively by the inhabitants. Aside from textiles made of abaca, pifia,
and Jusi, there is one of a special class, made from the fibers of the buri palm
and commonly known here as sagudang.
Hats are made, on a small scale, from the leaves of the buri palm, and find
ready sale, but are insufficient to fill the demand, as the manufacturer employs
only a few men.
Bamboo furniture is manufactured, but I regret to state that it is very poor,
so far as artistic taste Is concerned, and does not find a ready market..
Briefly, the principal occupation of the people of the original province of
Sorsogon is the cultivation of abaca. On the island of Ticao some abaca Is
grown, on the island of Burias the people now depend on fishing for their
livelihood, and on the island of Masbate they have a little abaca and fishing.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
We may say that during the entire fiscal year we have had the great fortune
of not having any disease of an epidemic character, owing to the activity dis-
played by the district health officer, Dr. Julio Ruiz, who, ever zealous in his
sacred duties, is scarcely to be seen in the provincial capital, as he is constantly
traveling through the province, vaccinating the people or Inspecting the sanitary
conditions of the municipalities. The diseases which have caused the largest
number of deaths are malaria, dysentery, pulmonary tuberculosis, infantile
eclampsia, senile debility, and la grippe.<>
NONCHBISTIAN TRIBES.
There are In this province over 100 persons who came here about three years
ago from Rapu-rapu, Batang, and Cagraray, islands of the province of Albay,
and asked me for protection.
I ceded to them some 50 hectares of land in the mountains of the municipality
of Prieto-Dlaz, so that they might till it and form a barrio there. Not having
any means of subsistence there at the beginning, they only broke a few parcels
of land, then they scattered over several pueblos to strip abaca. A few of
them returned, but the whereabouts of the others are unknown. It does not
surprise me to see these Aetas behave in this manner, as they have always liked
a free life. Being like monarchs in the woods, they prefer to hunt wild pigs
and deer in the mountain fastnesses, and it is only when they have brought
down a good piece of game on their great expeditions that they think of their
families, unless they are with them.
I know, however, that something has already been done at the place men-
tioned, as a few of the Aelas have already built their houses and planted their
abaca, camote, and other alimentary crops, and have established their residence
there.
BECOM MEND ATI0N8.
1. It is of urgent necessity that the lepers of this province be transferred to
Culioii. in order to avoid all danger of contagion, because the pueblos, being
poor, are unable to continue paying for the necessities of the lepers.
oA list of vaccinations in each municipality has been omitted, and is on file
in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
11024--WAR 1907— VOL 7 30
466 BBPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
2. In order to make the collection of the taxes, direct as well as indirect, as
effective as possible, it is recommended that the councilors be allowed for their
services at least 4 per cent of all the taxes collected in their respective districts.
I understand that the adoption of this system will be of double benefit to us:
(a.) It will be an additional guaranty for the maintenance of the public order,
as the councilors will make a more efficient examination of the Inhabitants of
their respective districts, in order to ascertain whether they are vagrants or not,
and whether they are persons of steady habits, (b.) If this zealous and strict
vigilance is exercised by the councilor himself, the taxpayers will find it neces-
sary to pay what they owe, as the councilor of their district, being interested in
having the collections as large as possible, will do his best to have all the taxes
paid up, even if it be for the sole reason that his percentage will be larger.
3. The installation of a complete telephone system in all the municipalities
of the original province of Sorsogon is of imperative necessity.. The service
should not be gratutious, but everybody finding it necessary to use the telephone
should pay for it. The necessity and advantage of such a system for the com-
merce and for the more efficient and active administration of the province and
the municipalities are already making themselves felt to a great extent
I wish to state that the province has enjoyed peace for five years, and that I
consider it but just that we should be given a telephone system, which will
surely produce good revenues and never be a cause of complaint.
My motive for insisting upon this recommendation is that the telephone
system will save the immense expense caused at present to the province and
the municipalities by the communications sent by special messenger, who are
generally resorted to in order to expedite the dispatch of inquiries, as to send
them by mall would mean too much delay.
The telephone service now established in the three municipalities in the west
of the province and In one in the east could not be worse than it is. I do not
know to what to attribute this bad condition — ^whether the linemen do not
do their duty or do not know their business, or whether the apparatus Is com-
pletely useless.
You will not fail to perceive the great importance of the telephone system
suggested, for commerce as well as for public order. For the present it is of
urgent necessity that the Gubat line be extended to Casiguran, Juban, Irosin,
and Bulan, which have much improved commercially. Barcelona, Bulusan,
Santa Magdalena, and Matnog should be included in the system, for the benefit
of public order, and If this can not be done, telegraph stations should be estab-
lished at Bulan and Matnog.
Having submitted these points to your consideration, I respectfully pray your
attention be given to this petition, in view of the fact that the pueblos are
willing to pay for the entire service. It is desired not only for the benefit of
public order and commerce, but by private citizens, who desire news from their
children studying at the provincial school, or have other matterEi to attend to,
and it will mean a great saving for all and a good source of revenue to the
government.
4. The coast-guard line from Manila to Atimonan having been discontinued,
the island of Burias, belonging to this province, is again almost completely
abandoned.
In the chapter of this report headed " Commerce," I. have described the con-
dition of the municipality of Pilar (Sorsogon), on Luzon Island, which, unless
the government intervenes, will surely die of economic anemia, in view of the
conduct of the merchants there. In order to infuse life into these two munici-
palities (Burias and Pilar), I earnestly pray that you direct their inclusion
in the route served by the Compafiia General de Tabacos de Filiplnas, under
contract with the government. I am certain that the government will gain
by this, because the taxes will be increased by what the commerce will gain,
the navigation company will profit by the freight, and life will be given to the
pueblos mentioned, who are now at the brink of ruin — the former because It is
almost cut off from communication with the outside world, and the latter on
account of the commercial monopoly established in it.
5. It is my opinion that when a provincial treasurer manages the public
funds of the province wherein he is stationed in such a brilliant manner that
the treasury overfiows with money and is free from all liabilities, for which
achievement he deserves, of course, to be promoted, he should remain in the
province where he is stationed and should have his salary increased according
to his merits.
BEPOBIS OF PBOVINCIAL OOVEBNOBS.
467
6. I recommend that insane persons who are paupers and have no one to
support them hi the pueblos, or who are a menace to public safety and have
been arrested by the municipal authorities, be confined In the Insane asylum
under the direction of the bureau of health at Manila. The provincial and
municipal governments of Sorsogon laclc means and have no beneficent' estab-
lishments within their territorial limits for the care of those unfortunate beings.
Respectfully submitted.
B. MONBEAL,
Qovemor of the Province of Sorsogon,
The Govebnob-Ghnbbal.
EiXHIBIT A.
General balances of all the municipalities of the Province of Sorsogon for the
fiscal year 1906-7.«
Exhibit B. — Annual Budgbt, 1907.
Province of Sorsogon.
REVENUES.
General fund.
Road and bridge fund.
School fund.
Source.
Last year
actual.
Present
year esti-
mated.
Last year
actual.
Present
year esti-
mated.
Last year
actual.
Present
year es-
timated.
Balance on hand July 1, 1906. .
no, 766. 99
781.48
247.20
rt,140.93
600.00
270.00
r-7,495.09
r-5,462.73
m. 088. 97
BBVINUBB.
RAcrintrir nf nmnAilv
Registry of mining claima
Cart tax
1.60
2,728.82
Land tax, 1905 and preceding
yean
4,94L00
4,000.00
6,006.46
6,107.61
20,000.00
1,000.00
15,000.00
70.00
2,000.00
3,003.23
2,925.16
20,000.00
Land tax, 1908
.
Land tax acta Nos. 1544 and 1679 .
15,747.41
19,700.10
9,248.88
Lftid tax, cedulas.
Internal revenue, weights and
measures
Internal revenue, ref undsf rom
{vrnilnr tpeasury
18,165.13
MI8CELLANBOU8 BECSIPTB.
Repayment loans by munici-
palities
Sales of suDDlies
18,834.28
129.80
121.90
240.00
42.26
33.92
430.70
1.87
TInnrI nTv^Tninm
Transportations
Rents provincial building
Rents provincial launch
Refv»nd revenue ..,^-.^^
r'240.00
100.00
Auditor's differences.
9.88
Miscellaneous
Refund bureau sUDolies
46.56
2,013.05
20,000.00
2,671.81
Donations to school fund
2,000.00
Hiirh school act No 1564.
Transfers of funds— General
fund ti\ flchool fund ....
2,760.00
Total
84,683.52
54,196.00
19,469.29
33,39L12
86,824.76
5,000.00
• Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
468
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE OOMMISSION.
Province of Sorsogon — Continued.
EXPENDITURES.
General fund.
Road and bridge fund.
School fund.
Purpose.
Last year
actual.
Present
year esti-
mated.
Last year
actual.
Present
year esti-
mated.
Last year
actual.
Present
year esti-
mated.
1 SftlAri^Hi . .r
^88,840.60
^36,840.00
a) GoTemor— office . .
7,849.28
2,277.74
19,754.28
2,439.84
260.00.
3,890.00
810.00
960.00
1,599.96
7.<)00.00
2,280.00
17,000.00
2,400.00
600.00
8.860.00
1,840.00
860.00
1 fino.oo
.1
b) Governor— jail guards...
1 n 1 Treaffurer— offloe . . .
1
d) Treasurer—foremen, etc.
le) Third member provin-
cial board. ........
1
(l^ Fiflcal'fl office
ff) District health officer....
n) District auditor's office.,
f i) Miscellaneous .
1
1
1::::
2. Traveling expenses and per
diems
2,879.16
2,650.00
1
1
(m\ Governor
857.98
696.75
27.00
1,298.43
1,000.00
300.00
60.00
1,800.00
b) Treasurer
,
c) Fiscal
'
}<\\ Miscellaneous
8. Sheriff fees
188.00
150.00
4. Court fees
.^. . . .
5. Office sunnlies
13,265.45
654.64
130.56
1.550.00
3,019.33
8, 111. 45
1.000.00
700.00
1,548.32
1,200.00
8,000.00*
6. Postage— mail and tele-
grams
7. Premiums— surety bonds . . .
8 Rental of buildines
9. Maintenance of prisoners...
10. Permanent equipment
11. Purchase of land for high
school
1
ri2,969.61
r8,29i.57
1
^1,QOO.(«
12. Alterations, repairs, and
maintenance of build-
ings
201.03
201.08
Maintenance of provin-
cial iRiinrh
fioo.nn
18. Alterations, repairs, and
niAint^nance of bridires
1
1
14. Construction of buildings . .
10,861.26
1
r^, 824. 76 1 4,000.00
1
Construction of building.
Construction of provln-
38.50
3,101.46
7,721.30
85,824.76 4.000.00
Construction of boat-
house
1
15 Onimlniptimi of bridirefl
926.84
8,276.24
1,000.00
1
Soraogon- Bacon road
1
1
16. Construction and mainte-
1
2.062.17
/
1,000.00
1,000.00
X '
RonuMTon-Bulusan
1
1
1
17 Mijinellaneous
435.07
120.11
,
I
Refunds over collection
281.70
203.37
109.87
VRrious refunds
10.24
1
70.00
Transfers of funds
3,956.0r> 1 2.760.00
1
1
1
Amounts erroneously
taken up in provincial
account for internal-
1.2W.'24
2 671 81
1
1
i
I
9 7Kn on
'
Total
88,512.59 1 60,513.32
14.006.56 j 13.629.98 1 35,824.76 1 5.000.00
! 1 1
BEPOBTS OF FBOVIKCIAIi 00VEBN0B8.
469
Province of Sorsogon — Continued.
SUMMARY.
General fund.
Road and bridge fund.
School fund.
Last year,
actual.
Present
year, esti-
mated.
Last year,
actual.
Present
year, esti-
mated.
Last year,
actual.
Present
year, esti-
mated.
Total estimated revenue.
Total estimated exi>en8e8
^84,683.62
83.542.69
^54, 195.00
50,513.32
1^19,4«9.29
14,006.56
rS8,881.12
13,629.96
1P^5,824.76
36,824.76
P-S, 000.00
5,000.00
Balance unappropriated.
1,140.98
3,681.68
5,462.73
19,761.14
I certify that the foregoing is a true statement of all revenues and expendi-
tures for the year 1907, as shown by my official records.
R. S. Van Valkenbubqh,
Acting Provincial Treasurer,
I certify that the foregoing estimate of revenues and expenditures for the
year 1908 was appropriated by the provincial l>oard in session August 7, 1907,
by resolution No. 69.
M. Pacheco,
Recorder of the Provincial Board,
Subprovinee of Manbote.
REVENUES.
General fund.
Road and bridge fund.
School fund.
Source.
Last year,
actual.
Present
year, e.iti-
miited.
Last year,
actual.
Present
year, esti-
mated.
r4,305.40
Last year,
actual.
Present
year.estl-
mated.
Balance on hand July 1, 1906 . .
r4,496.93
n, 306. 86
n,292.89
r8,002.60
BEVEMUE8.
R^stry of property ,
676.80
630.00
Cart tax
3.60
1,331.70
I
years
918.07
1
Land tax 1908
i,i59.53
1,718.82
4,000.00
500.00
3,000.00
1.159.63
1,718.82
2,000.00
Ijind tax acts Nos. 1544 and
1579
1,800.85
3.847.10
1.800.86
lAnd tax, cedulas
Internal revenue, weights and
measures - -
Internal revenue, refunds from
Insular treasury
MI8CKT.T.ANKOU8 RECEIPTS.
Repavment of loans by munlcl-
3,343.63
j
1
Provinclal launch rents
25.25
214.02
5.60
50.00
1
Auditor's differences
Miscellaneous
L
High school act No. 1275
r8,ooo.oo
2.60
High school donation
school
1,000.00
1 ' "■
Total
15,228.25
12,366.21
4,428.95
9,183.75 8,002.60 9,002.50
470
BEPbBT Ot* THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
8ubprovince of Mfishate — Continued.
EXPENDITURES.
General fund.
Road and bridge fund.
FIchool fond.
Purpofle.
last year,
actual.
Present
year, esti-
mated.
Last year,
actual.
Present
year, esti-
mated.
Last year,
actual.
Present
year, esti-
mated.
1. Bftiftilwi
r5,848.08
P-6,580.00
(a) Qovemor— office
1,828.00
2,160.00
1
1 b) Qovemor— Jail guards. . .
1
1 c I Treasurer— office
3,520.08
8,500.00
1
^d) Treasarer— foremen, etc.
ri,200.00
1 e) Third memberprovlDcial
board
1
(f ) FiBcal'8 office
{g) District health officer ^ . .
920.00
(ni District auditor's office . .
(i) Miacellaneoufl
2. Trayel expenses and per
diems
1,596.62
1,400.00
(a) Goyemor
153.50
67.00
200.50
1,185.62
100.00
100.00
200.00
1,000.00
b) Treasurer
1
c Fiscal
d) Miscellaneous
8. Sheriff fees
1
.32
1,868.81
273.64
8.33
187.60
1,191.63
75.98
............' ' - - -
5. Office supplies
500.00
250.00
453.30
480.00
1,200.00
.1
6. Postage— mail and tele-
grams .....t
1
8. Rental of buildings
,
1 :
9. Maintenance of prisoners...
10. Permanent equipment
11. Purchase of land
1
1
j
; 1
' ,
12. Alterations, repairs, and
maintenance of buildings
Maintenance of launch .
6. 7r»
1
1
5.75
200.00
, 1
18. Alterations, repairs, and
maintenance of bridffeii .
1
[
14. Construction of buildings. .
3. 196. 11
. J...-.
Subproyince launch
Subprovince boathouse .
2,335.45
860.66
15. Construction of bridges—
Pimasalang-Palan A-** rot^A
1 000.00
1
16. Construction and mainte-
nance of roads
Masbate-Milagros
San Fernando-San Ja-
cinto
Masbate-Mobo
17. Miscellaneous..^
Various
Ayerage collection of
taxes
Loans to municipalities. .
Transfer of funds
Total.
673.62
73.72
599.90
1,000.00
13,921.39 I 12,063.80
I
^■123. 65
123.56
123.55
2.000.00
500.00
1,000.00
500.00
4,200.00
SUMMABY.
Total estimated revenue
Total estimated expenses
P-15,228.25 'n2,365.21
13,921.89 1 12,063.30
r4,428.95
123.65
r9,188.75
4,200.00
^8,002.60
r 9, 002.50
Balance unappropriated.
1.306.86 1 301.91
4,805.40
4,988.75
8.002.60
9,002.50
I certify that the foregoing is a true statement of all revenues and ex-
penditures for the year 1907 as shown by my official records.
R. S. Van Valkenbuboh.
Acting Provincial Treasurer,
BBPORT8 OF PROVINCIAL OOVEBNOBS. 471
I c&rtity that the foregoing estimate of revenues and expenditures for the-
year 1906 was appropriated by the provincial board In session August 7, 1907, by
resolution No. 59.
M. Paohboo,
Recorder of the Provincial Board*
EiXHIBIT O.
Statement of the abaca and copra bought up by the commercial houses in
the original province or Sorsogon, during the years since 1903, of the rice har-
vested during the year 1906-7, and of the rice imported into this province by
the commercial houses mentioned.^
Report of the Pbovincial Govebnob of Subigao.
[TranBlation.]
Office of the Govebnob, Subigao Pbovince,
Surigao, P. /., July 5, 1907.
Sib : I have the honor, in conformity with act No. 1044, to submit the follow-
ing report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907.
AOBICULTUBE.
Agriculture is the principal source of wealth and the soil is highly fertile and
adapted to almost all kinds of plants, especially those cultivated in tropical
countries. The principal products are abaca, cocoanuts, rice, maize, bananas,
sugar cane, tobacco, cacao, and an infinite variety of nutritious tubers, such as
camote, ube, gabi, and payao.
Abaca, which is cultivated throughout the province, and especially in the
municipalities of Cabadbar&n, Dap&, Hinatuan, Lianga, Placer, and Tandag, and
in the valley of the Agusan River, in which are situated the municipalities of
Buntuan and Talacogon, on account of the fertility of their lands,. constitutes
one of the most Important products. This plant, owing to the high price its
fiber commands in the markets, and the impossibility of cultivating all the rice
lands because of the scarcity of draft animals, has acquired an extraordinary
importance in these last years, and continues to acquire incresed importance.
Judging from the enthusiasm and interest with which the inhabitants of this
I)rovince strive to obtain abaca plantations, and with wliich those who already
have plantations work to enlarge and improve the same. However, it has been
"observed that the desires of the people in this regard have, in the main, been
frustrated by the requirements of the laws governing the acquisition of public
lands. They believe that these laws are impracticable and difficult to comply
with, or at least a hindrance to the realization of their purposes, for, if the
l)eople were permitted to plow and freely occupy the public lands, without
having to comply with the requirements of the law, they would put their great
wish into execution until satiated, occupying and plowing the lands for this
purpose. Another factor which impedes agriculturists with capital from extend-
ing their abaca plantations and putting them in good condition is the lack of
farm hands, as some of the planters have had to secure laborers from Hollo,
Bohol, and the island of Camigulu.
Mention must be made of the fact that on the plains of Gaung and VerdtS,
in the municipality of Butuan, there are large tracts of land covered with a
so-called abaca sllvestre, from which only the recently Christianized people
who inhabit the barrios of Verdti and Milagro secure a finer and whiter kind
of abaca fiber, which is in general favor in the markets. This kind of abaca
has been planted a number of times on lands bordering on the banks of the
Agusan River, near the plains of Gaung and Verdfi, but it never prospered,
owing perhaps to the climatological and topographical conditions of that sec-
tion. It has also been discovered that this kind of abaca is growing in other
parts of the province.
^ Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
472 EEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
• The process of cuItlTating abaca is very simple, and no scientific knowledge
is required. When the land has been cleared of brush and trees, which are
cut with bolos and axes and burned, the abaca is planted, a dist4nce of from
two to three varas being left between plants.
The method used to strip the abaca — ^that is, to extract its highly prized
fiber — is very old, and it Is believed that with a stripping machine that is simple
and within the reach of all the industry would develop greatly.
In the year 1905 the abaca fiber was much improved by the measures
adopted, though not legally, by the municipal councils, but the proprietors,
seeing that the merchants paid the same, or only slightly different prices, for
both the white and fine and the colored and coarse fibers, disregarded these
measures, and again began stripping the abaca poorly, because this made the
work lighter and increased the quantity of abaca secured. The knife used
for stripping the hemp being serrated, the fiber of the same is easily lightly
extracted, and having much pulp that ought to be rejected gives a larger
volume.
From this point of view it is seen that the improvement of abaca will be
accomplished • only when the merchants or purchasers of this article offer
reasonably different prices for the various classes of the same.
There remains to be said that in this province there is a very fine fiber ob-
tained from the " sab-a " and *' tlnduc " species of banana plants, which is used
only for the manufacture of the cloth called slnamay.
It is estimated that the crop of abaca for the year 1906 is larger than that
for the year 1905, the increase being about 30 per cent. In the year 1905 the
abaca crop amounted to. 75,000, and that for the year 1906 to some 100,000
piculs.
In the municipalities they also cultivate the cocoanut, which produces copra
and oil, and serves the»inhabitants for their ordinary living purposes.
An Increase in the cultivation of the cocoanut is to be noted, owing to the fact
that the people are beginning to recognize that the cocoanut requires less capi-
tal and care than abaca, and at the same time yields greater profits.
The copra exported during the past year, 1906, amounted to some 12,000
piculs, and it is estimated that a like amount was used for domestic consump-
tion.
There are cocoanut trees In this province some 100 years old, which still bear
fruit.
Another product, not less important, is rice, which is produced throughout
the province, a considerable quantity being harvested in Cantllan, Carrascal,
Lanuza, Tandag, Tago, GIgaquit, Bacuag, Claver, Butuan, and Surlgao.
The plows and other agricultural Implements used for the cultivation and
harvesting of rice are of a primitive kind. The indispensable draft animals of
the agriculturists are carabaos, and a large number of them died during the
recent epidemic of rinderpest, causing the abandonment of a very large extent
of rice land.
The lands used In the cultivation of rice are not irrigated, but nearly all may
be. The rice is planted in the months of December and January, and is*
harvested in April and May, except in Butuan, where two crops a year are pro-
duced by means of irrigation, and the same thing may be accomplished through-
out the province.
The harvest of rice this year is sufllciently satisfactory, amounting ap-
proximately to an increase of 50 per cent over that of the preceding year.
It is to be remembered, however, that this harvest being less than that of any
in the preceding years, when there were yet sufficient draft animals to cultivate
all the rice lands, a large part of which is abandoned at the present time, and
covered with a growth of thick grass and shrubs. It has been necessary to import
rice for the consumption of the inhabitants, though in smaller quantity than in
other provinces.
Com, sugar cane, tobacco, and cacao are planted on a small scale, and sugar,
tobacco, and cacao are imported into this province.
The banana, camote, ube, gabi, payao, faecula of the lumbria, etc., constitute
part of the food of the inhabitants, especially of the poor people.
COMMEBCE.
The greater or less increase in the commerce results principally from the
progress in agriculture, because of the lack of any important Industry.
The principal products, the subject of mercantile transactions, are abaca,
copra, and rice — the first two destined for exportation.
REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 478
In the capital there are branches of the two commercial houses — La Ck)mpafiiia
General de Tabacos and MacI.<eod & Co. Aldecoa y Cia. also had a commercial
establishment here, but it was discontinued during the first months of the pres-
ent year.
During the year there were registered 793 merchants, of whom 630 were
Filipinos, 153 Chinamen, and 10 of various nationalities.
The foreign mercliants have monopolized the commerce since the Filipinos
are only engaged in retail business on. a small scale, with the exception of the
Filipino merchants of Hinatuan, Lianga, Marihatag, and Cabadbaran, who
have almost as good stores as those of the Chinamen. The Chinamen are en-
gaged in business in every municipality, barrio, and sitio of the province, ex-
cept in the municipality of Cabadaran, contenting themsdves with blocking
the business there with stores In the barrios thereof.
Experience has demonstrated that business conducted by the natives, within
the zone over which the Chinese exercise commercial action, never prospers,
and in general, inevitably succumbs.
Th amount of abaca exported during the period embraced by this report was
some hundred thousand piculs, valued at 920 a picul, or a total of K,000,000.
The exportation of copra during said period amounted to approximately
12,000 piculs.
The principal articles of merchandise imported are: Domestic and foreign
fabrics, rice, jewelry, kerosene, liquors, groceries, and an infinite variety of
others too numerous to mention here.
It is estimated that the rice imported from July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907,
amounted to 70,000 sacks, the value of which, if calculated at the rate of ^6
per sack (the current price), would be W20,000.
There are no data to show the value of the merchandise imported.
There are steamers of the commercial houses above mentioned, some lorchas,
and many boats, known as bancas and paraos, plying between the municipalities,
for the transportation of merchandise. From March to November also the
steamer Buen Viaje or on the Hock-iay, has carried on a similar business in the
Pacific coast, purchasing abaca and selling various articles. A gentleman from
Manila named Simeon Marforl, who generally makes his trips either on the
steamer Buen Viaje or on- the Hock-tay, has carried on a similar business in t^e
same municipalities during that time.
To conclude this subject, it seems proper to observe that commerce has been
fairly satisfactory, which is due to the notable increase in the production of
abaca and copra, and to the high prices quoted in the markets for them.
FINANCE.
Balance on hand June 30, 1906 :
General fund W, 346. 05
Road and bridge fund 9,989.32
Non-Christian tribes fund 1,588.82
Relief fund 114. 84
Receipts of the treasury from July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907 45, 145. 88
Total 63, 184. 91
Expenses during the time nientionetl 43,793.65
The funds of the provincial treasury were so small that prudence in the dis-
position of the same by the provincial board was necessary, and the expendi-
tures were confined to the most urgent needs of the provincial government.
The provisions of act No. 1455, which suspended the land tax and provided
that the provincial and municipal treasuries be reimbursed by the insular gov-
ernment, only to the extent of 50 per cent — that is, in a sum equivalent to one-
half of that collected on account of this tax during the year 1905, have con-
tributed to the reduction of the receipts.
Notwithstanding what has just been said, the provincial government did not
incur any debt to the insular government. The provincial treasury contains the
following balances on June 30, 1907 :
General fund •_ ^6, 112. 77
Road and bridge fund 10, 918. 30
Non-Christian tribes fimd 3,191.36
Relief fund 114. 84
Total 20, 337. 27
474 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PUBLIC PBOPEStTT.
The provincial government possesses the following real estate: A tract of
land upon which is situated the building used for the provincial government
ofDces; two other tracts — ^facing each other, and located on McKinley street,
Surigao — upon which stand the two buildings now occupied by the constabu-
lary; and a third tract, situated in the southern part of the municipality of
Surigao, the capital of the province, upon which are located the two recently
constructed buildings, the provincial high school, and the school of arts and
trades.
The receipts of the provincial treasury proceed from :
(a) Personal cedulas.
(b) 10 per cent of the internal revenue taxes.
(c) Ad valorem taxes upon real estate and improvements thereon.
(d) Annual rent of ^480 for the provincial building occupied by the con-
stabulary.
(e) Fees for the registration of mining claims.
(f ) Annual rent of n50 for one of the apartments of the provincial build-
ing occupied by the post-offlce.
(g) Fees for the registration of real property.
According to the last assessment under act No. 1455, the value of all the real
estate and improvements thereon of the province subject to taxation amounted
to f^,504,830 ; those exempt from taxation havipg amounted to 1^820,620.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Education, the principal factor of all progress and prosperity of a people, car-
ries, with gigantic strides, the youth of this province toward their enlight-
enment.
The li^ht of education has reached even to the most remote municipalities
under the auspices of the government, which has resolutely adopted measures
to diffuse education throughout the archipelago. This accounts for the consld-
et%ible number of children who, desirous of becoming educated, attend with
pleasure the public schools.
The municipal councils of these municipalities, animated with the praiseworthy
desire of giving a notable impetus to the education of the youth, and in
order to cooperate with the govemm^t In the diffusion of the same, enacted
ordinances which provided penalties for parents who failed to send their chil-
dren to school ; but, unfortunately, these measures were annulled by the provin-
cial board, since at the present time education Is not obligatory in these Islands.
I have the pleasure of announcing the completion of two edifices — ^the pro-
vincial high school and the school of arts and trades — In the capital of the
province.
The free and voluntary subscription offered by the inhabitants in order to
accomplish the erection of said edifices, and the voluntary labors donated by
some municipalities In the construction of their schoolhouses, are an indisputa-
ble proof of the interest of the province of Surigao in education.
The province Is divided Into 12 school districts, the inspection of which Is
confided to the American teachers. The muncipalltles, the chief city of the
district, and the residences of said American Inspectors, are : Danagat, Surigao,
Placer, Dapa, Olgaqult, Cantllan, Tandag, Llanga, Hlnatuan, Talacogon, Butuan,
and Cabadbaran.
The last report of the school year, corresponding to the month of March, 1907,
shows 78 public schools and 11 American supervising, 8 insular Filipino, and 97
municipal teachers.
In Butuan and Cabadbaran Intermediate schools have been established, pre-
sided over by the respective American supervising teachers, assisted by Filipino
teachers.
There were five American and one Filipino insular teachers in the provincial
school and the high school.
The number of students who attended the public schools according to said
report was 5,077, and the number who attoided the provincial and high schools
was 81.
The total number enrolled in the public schools was 6,651, and in the pro-
vincial and high schools, 101.
RfelPOBTS OF FBOVlKGtAL OOVEtfcKOBS. 476
IlfDUSTBY.
The agricultural Industry is from every point of view defective, since the
Implements employed in the production of abaca^ cocoanut, rice, com, sugar
cane, etc., are of a primitive kind.
There is an abaca hand press in the capital.
The principal articles made in the houses of the natives are mats of burl,
balin, tic<^, nets (or baling) of abaca, baskets, etc., and other domestic articles.
They also manufacture in said houses cloths (sinamay) of piila, sab-a, and tin-
due. This is all done on so small a scale that it is insufficient to supply the
needs of the families.
Boats of different kinds are also constructed, such as barotos, bancas, bilos,
etc.
The fishing industry is quite important.
FACTOBIES.
Some nipa distilleries were still in existence during the past year, but upon
the promulgation of the amendment to the internal-revenue law they all dis-
appeared, not even one remaliHng during the pres^it year.
Vino de nipa was one of the principal products of the municipalities of
Butuan, Gigaquit, Tago, and Cantilan.
In the municipality of Surigao there are four establishments where trunks,
tables, shelves, etc., are manufactured and sold at retail.
IVATUBAI. BESOUBCES.
Forestry. — There are extensive forests of valuable woods, the principal being
mancono, molave, narra, ipil, tindalo, ebony, camagong, guijo, yacal, etc. Saw-
mills might profitably be erected.
There are dyewoods, and also trees from which rubber and resin are obtained.
Mineral, — Gold has been discovered in the mountains of Gagpanhi, Tublion,
and Labi, within the jurisdiction of Cantilan ; in the sitio of Maisud, Dinagat ;
in the barrio of Malixl, and the mountain of Dinata, Hinatuan; in Cansuran,
Anao-aon, and Nonoc, Surigao; in Campifia, Balibayon, Layap, Mahaba, Tinab-
ingan, Cantuad, Bayatacan, Taybontabon, Suyoc, Papasu, Cano-os, Oacatan,
Danao, Tinag-an and Ta-as, Placer.
Coal is found in Sinagahain,Banacan, and Taga,Tandag; in Bislig, Hinatuan;
and in Loreto, Dinagat.
Iron and sulphur are found in Mapasu, Placer.
It is said that marble has been discovered on the island of Linougao, which is
opposite Tandag.
Gypsum has also been found in Tandag and Dinagat
From the year 1902 up to the present time 71 mineral claims have been
registered, the owners or locators of which, as a rule, have already lost their
rights to the property by failure to comply with the provisions of the law in
regard to the annual assessment work.
From some of the mines of Surigao and Placer the natives obtain gold in
the manner employed in very early times.
NONCHBISTIAN TBIBBS.
In the interior there are Manobos and Mamanuas, the number of whom is
unknown, unless the statistical data contained in the Philippine census of 1908
be taken into account.
The Manobos recognize as their chief one of their number who excels in bad
conduct and misdeeds. Said chief is known by the name of Baganl.
These Manobos cultivate fields, engage in hunting wild boars, raise pigs and
chickens, and if they believe themselves injured or wronged, do, not commit acts
of disloyalty, but send embassies. They declare war only after all measures
of conciliation have failed. The Mamanuas wander about in the forests, do
not work, are thieves, and are indolent and disloyal.
POLITICS.
By act No. 1487, effective July 1, 1906, the provincial boards of health were
abolished, and district health officers substituted. This province constitutes
one health district.
476 BEPOET OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Act No. 1536 abolished the offices of fiscal of the provinces of Misamis and
Surigao, and provided that one fiscal, with residence in the latter province, dis-
charge the duties of fiscal of the two provinces.
It is to be observed that various inquiries, forwarded to the office of the pro-
vincial fiscal by the provincial board and by municipal officials of Surigao, were
not attended to when said fiscal was absent from this capital discharging his
duties in Cagayan. It is seen therefore that the fusion of the two offices causes
an irregularity in the public service which affects both provinces.
Act No. 1545 provides that provincial boards be composed of the provincial
governor, the provincial treasurer, and a third member elected in the same
manner as the provincial governors.
The Governor-General, under the provisions of said law, appointed for this
province a third member, who presented his resignation, which was accepted
on June 18, 1907, and since which time this office has been vacant.
Under the provisions of the said law the offices of provincial secretaries were
abolished.
The provincial jail is located in the lower fioor of the provincial government
building, and consists of two departments — one for men and the other for
women.
The Jail, in accordance with the provisions now in force, is under the care and
control of the provincial governor, who has at his order a warden and two
guards for the execution and enforcement of the rules thereof.
There are 12 municipalities, of which 5 are of the third and 7 of the fourth
class.
The government of the municipalities of the province is rather defective.
The municipal councils, with extremely few exceptions, aside from not fully
performing their duties, pass ordinances and resolutions which are not within
their powers. Paragraph (g) of section 18, of the Municipal Code, which
relates to prosecutions for the violation of municipal ordinances, Is with few
exceptions not properly observed by the municipal presidents. I believe, how-
ever, that this defect will disappear with the application of the provisions of
act No. 1627, which assigns to the justices of the peaco the hearing of cases
for violations of municipal ordinances.
The municipal councilors met In a convention held last year at the capital,
for the purpose of discussing the application to the province of the road law
(act No. 1511) ; but unfortunately the convention voted against its applica-
tion, which is not understood, as the same municipal councilors had passed ordi-
nances or resolutions obliging the inhabitants to work on the roads, clean the
streets, and repair the municipal buildings.
There are no roads or highways In the whole province, and to malce inspec-
tions it is necessary to use bancas, barotos, or, in some cases, steamer^, when
they are available; which is only in the months from April to November.
The farthest municipality on the Pacific coast Is distant from the capital
some 179 miles, and Talacogon, a municipality In the Interior of the Agusan
Valley, is at a distance of some 116 miles from the capital of Surigao.
The entire province Is enjoying an enviable peace and tranquillity. One
can well travel over the fields, mountains, and remote comers of the province
without fear or distrust.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
The condition of the public health from July 1, 1906, to June 30. 1907, has
been very satisfactory.
There are municipal boards of health in all the municipalities, the presi-
dents of which, generally, being the presidents of the re8i)ective municipalities.
The district health officer of the district has issued sanitary regulations for
the preservation of health and the prevention of the introduction or propaga-
tion of pests. These regulations have been accepted and adopted by the munic-
ipal councils.
Very respectfully,
Rafael Eliot,
Oovemor of the Province of Surigcto.
The Govebnob-General.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 477
Rkfobt of the Govebnob of Tablac.
[TranBlation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of Tablao,
Tarlac, P. 7., June 30, 1907.
Sib : I have the honor to submit the following report covering the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1907 :
' POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
No disturbances have occurred during this year, tranquillity having ruled su-
preme as in the past years.
While cattle stealing has not disappeared altogether, yet there have been only
a few cases of it, according to official data received in this office. The governors
of the several provinces have, by agreement with the governors of those adjoin-
ing, adopted the system of circulating in each of the adjacent provinces notices
regarding the presence of animals without known owners held in the municipali-
ties under their Jurisdiction. This system has given satisfactory results, be-
cause owing to it many carabao have been recovered by their lawful owners,
resident in other provinces.
Crimes have decreased considerably during the year, as appears from the
number of cases tried in the court of first instance and of the number of pris-
oners received In the provincial Jail. The average number of prisoners in the
Jail has l)een only 20 a day, against 34 last year.
On the 1st of January of the present year the barrio of La Paz, belonging to
the municipalities of Tarlac and ConcepcWn, was organized into an independent
municipality, so that this province is now made up of 10 municipalities.
AOBICULTURE.
Agriculture has made considerable progress, the increase of this year's pro-
duction over last year's l)eing estimated at 40 per cent. The abundant rainfall
from August to November, 1906, has been the most important factor bringing
al)out this excellent result, although it may be said that the spontaneous inter-
est on the part of the agriculturists to till as much laud as possible, and the
large number of carabao imported from other provinces, have also had consider-
able influence.
This office has initiated the work of improving or perfecting the old irrigation
ditches and of digging new ditches in the pueblos where there is no irrigation
system, and it is hoped that the production of rice will be larger next year.
COMMEBGE.
Commerce is carried on by foreigners, few natives being engaged in it, because
of lack of capital.
INDUSTRY.
Industry has somewhat improved, the number of the rice hulling and polishing
machines having increased from five to ten, which have been working day and
night during the first months of this year.
Weaving and other industries have not made any progress.
NATURAL WEALTH.
The forestal wealth is little exploited, because of the low price of the timber
at the capital of the islands and in the adjoining provinces.
No movement is to be reported with regard to the mineral wealth.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Education has made progress during the year. Many schoolhouses have been
built iq the large barrios at the expense of the inhabitants, some of them having
iron roofs.
478 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION* . .
The total number of schools is 75 ; they are classified as follows :
Provincial school 1
School of carpentering 1
Municipal schools IS
Barrio schools 00
The school attendance has been as follows:
At the provincial school... • 236
At the municipal schools.' x 4,225
At the barrio schools 6,173
Total 10, 633
The school of carpentering is attended by 52 young men, who are at the same
time students of the provincial school.
We have 18 American, 11 native insular, and 112 municipal teachers, or a
total of 141.
A comparison of the numbers of schools, teachers, and pupils with those of
the preceding fiscal year shows great progress in public instruction.
In many municipalities private schools have been established, which are man-
aged by the curates of the Roman Catholic Church and are attended by a large
number of children of both sexes. There are also private schools managed by
private citizens.
FINANCES.
During the fiscal year the receipts of the provincial treasury, from various
sources, have aggregated ^^,910.33, 'and the expenditures, for various pur-
poses, ^53,797.55, leaving a balance on hand of n,112.78.
The number of cedulas of Class A issued has been larger this year than last,
likewise that of cedulas of Class B.
The aggregate value of the real estate assessed during the year was n,000,-
000, while it was only W,500,000 last year.
PUBLIC WOBKS.
The principal wagon roads connecting the several pueblos have been attended
to with greater care. Concrete bridges have been built in the place of wooden
ones, and we expect to replace all wooden bridges rendered totally unservice-
able by those of cement.
The Tarlac Dam, which is 1,770 meters long and 4^ meters wide in its narrow
part, may be considered completed, with the exception of the additional 600-foot
extension authorized by the resolution of the Philippine Commission of January
24, 1907. Its cost up to date is approximately W5,500. The worlt of improv-
ing it is still going on, and it is believed that It will be of positive benefit to the
town of Tarlac and to the agricultural lands rendered useless by the inundations
of the Tarlac River.
As to the balance of the money appropriated, it is my opinion — and requests
have been made of me by several owners of large tracts of land — ^that this dam
should be extended approximately 400 meters beyond the 600-foot extension
authorized by the Commission, In order to prevent the Tarlac River from open-
ing a new bed at the end of the dam and destroying property of greater value
than that which it protects.
PUBLIC HEALTH.
Notwithstanding the ap|)earance of cholera in the latter half of the year 1906.
when it attacked 66 persons at Tarlac, Victoria, Pura, and Camiling— ^ of
whom died — the number of births regl8te;*ed between July 1, 1906, and March
31. 1007, has constantly kept gaining over the number of deaths during the same
I)erlod. Against 3.2()S deaths we have 5,569 births, the difference, 2,361, repre-
senting an Increase of the population, which was 142,140 on June 30, 1906, and
therefore the province of Tarlac had on March 31 last a population of 144,501.
The data regarding births and deaths from April 1 to June 30, 1007, are not
yet available.
Under the supervision of the district health officer, 34,165 vaccinations were
effected during the fiscal year. Of these 29,954 were made by provincial vac-
cinators paid from insular funds, between May 15 and June 30, 1007, the other
4,211 being made by presidents of municipal boards of health.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNOBS. 479
NONCHRIBTIAN TBIBE8.
I have stated in my last annual report that a special miinicipal organization
has been given to the Aetas or Negritos who inhabit the mountains of this
province. This system is still in effect, these people being given competent
officers of their own to govern them.
The majority of these Aetas dress the same as the civilized inhabitants. Sev-
eral of their settlements are very anxious to have teachers for the Instruction
of their children, and requests for them have been sent to the bureau of
education, which determined that a primary school should be established at one
of the settlements in the former municipality of O'Donnell, now consolidated
with the municipality of Gapas.
Respectfully submitted.
Manuel De Leon,
Chvemor of the Province of Tarlac,
The Govebnob-Genebal.
Repobt of the Govebnob of La Union.
[Translation.]
Office of the Governor, Province of La Union,
San Fernando, P. /., July 12, 1907.
Sir: In compliance with act No. 1044 of the Philippine Commission, I have
the honor to submit herewith my annual report for the fiscal year ended June
30, 1907.
provincial government.
The provincial elections of February 5, 1906, were annulled (executive order
No. 30, 1906) and new elections ordered for July 3 of the same year. The
governor who has the honor to make this report was elected, the election having
been approved by the chief executive of the islands (executive order No. 34,
1906), and the new oath of office was taken on July 28 of said year.
Provincial bodrd. — The provincial board, as in every year since 1904 when I
was first elected governor of this province, has performed its duties with the
greatest regularity in regular and in special sessions.
Among the actions of this board the following are worthy of special mention :
The visit to the mountain barrios of the different municipalities of the province
for the purpose of heai*ing the complaints of the inhabitants in relation to the
new boundary line between this province and the mountain districts; and the
forwarding to the chief executive of the reports and records recomm^iding the
separation of the old municipalities of Rosario and Cava, which are now united
with Santo Tomas and Aringay.
The expected importance and influence of the work of the third member of
the board, since he b^^n his duties on January 2 of the present year, has been
realized, as he has done his share in promptly carrying out the work of the
. board, which by its nature and importance requires careful study and a con-
siderable knowledge of the laws.
Municipal governments. — ^The municipalities enjoy, if not real prosperity,
comparative well-being. Many of their officers conduct their offices with the
necessary orderliness, and with the exception of a very few they have sufficient
funds in their treasuries for their needs.
During the fiscal year there have been very few suspensions of officers, thus
proving that they are gradually improving in efficiency and becoming familiar
with their duties. .
The municipal presidents punctually attend the conventions, during the ses-
sions of which they suggest and propose everything which tends to better the
condition of the province. Among their recommendations the following merit
special mention : The suspension of the laud tax during the present year ; the
petition for maguey plants for exi)erlnient and propagation in the different
municipalities, and new rules and regulations for the government of the mu-
nicipal police, approved by all the municipal councils of the province, and which
were drafted by the provincial governor with the agreement and at the unani-
mous petition of the presidents In convention, who gave him this vote of confi-
dence as well because they understood that he was the one best informed of
the deficiencies of the services of said institution, as for the desire that said
rules and regulations should bear the stamp of uniformity.
480 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
ELECTIONS FOB BEPBESENTATIVE8 TO THE ASSEMBLY.
The Inhabitants of the province could not do less, than receive with pleasure,
as It was awaited with anxiety, the publication of the election law recently
promulgated, and they trust it Is a step which heralds a brilliant future for th«»
country.
The preceding statement is apparently not justified by the number of electors
who registered, for in some of the municipalities the number of electors who
registered scarcely exceeded one-half of those qualified to make use of this
right. But this Indication of little enthusiasm should not be interpreted as
apathy, nor to a lack of desire to make use of the privilege which the law grants
to citizens, but rather to the small number of days allowed for registration,
and because the days for registration occurred during the period for sowing
rice and bad weather, as there were copious rains, which made the roads of
the barrios distant from this capital Impassable, and prevented the people from
arriving at the polling places,
VISIT or THE GOVEBNOB-GENEBAL.
The visit of the honorable Governor-General to the capital of this province
last January was a real and sincere gratification to the inhabitants, as they
have had occasion to demonstrate to me ui)on my last visit of Inspection, and
win strengthen undoubtedly the attachment and the respect of these loyal
inhabitants to the constituted powers.
AOBICULTURE.
The agriculturists are beginning to understand that agriculture is the basis
of the riches of these municipalities and strive to sow their fields w^lth products
which yield them some material profit.
Owing to the tempests which visited us during the year — particularly those
of May and September — which occasioned great destruction to the tobacco and
rice plantations, the crops of these two products may be stated as moderate,
especially that of tobacco, which we all exi)ected to reach a total of some 60,000
quintals, while there were In fact but some 42,000. The crop of rice has been
ordinary in some municipalities, as at Luna and Balaoan, which supply many
of the municipalities of the south.
During these last months some palay has been imported from Zambales and
sold in the municipalities of San Fernando, Bauang, and Nagullian.
That not many new plantations of maguey have been set out Is due to the
scarcity of seed plants and to the excessive price of those from Zambales and
I locos Sur, which have reached «0 per thousand, a price which, in the opinion
of the planters, is very excessive, taking into consideration their quality.
Experiments have been made with plantations of Hawaiian sisal. Of the
8,000 plants sent by. the Department of Agriculture and divided among various
planters excellent results have been obtained, there having been a loss of only
17 per cent, which was due to their failure to take root.
I have recommended the purchase of that seed to the agriculturists engaged .
in the cultivation of this textile, because I consider it in every way superior
to that of this country. No doubt the cultivation of his plant will steadily con-
tinue to Increase.
The rich planter, Luclno Almeyda, is setting up a fine machine for the strii>-
ping of maguey, imported by him from America, which doubtless will produce
large returns.
The municipalities do not tire in doing all they can toward the promotion of
agriculture. Some have constructed dams and Irrigation canals, which irrigate
lands of great extent, and recommend the growing of garden truck on dwelling
lots.
The municipality of Nagullian has received with real gratification the visit
of Mr. Gustavo J. Petrelll, superintendent of the exi)erlmental farm at Benguet,
who shortly will conduct experiments in that municipality for the purpose of
Improving and bettering the production of agricultural products, particularly
that of tobacco, the favorite plant of the farmers of that locality. The munici-
pal council offered, through the medium of the undersigned, to cooperate with
said expert In all that pertains to the betterment of agriculture, and have
offered to grant free of charge 1 hectare of land for the first experiments, for
they understand that henceforth with the adoption of modem systems the old,
primitive customs will be discontinued.
'BBPORTS OF PROVINCIAL G0VEBN0B8. 481
Unless adverse climatic conditions prevent, it is expected that the coming
tobacco harvest will be the largest known in the last four years. During the
visit to the sowed lands made by the undersigned in May he saw large planta-
tions of this leaf ; and municipalities, such as Bagnotan and Bangar, which had
ceased planting tobacco for about ten years had revived the same.
I have also informed the Inhabitants of the construction of the railroad to
these districts in the near future, which will undoubtedly be an instrument
that will promote agriculture in all its branches, and give a great stimulus to
the commerce and industry of these municipalities.
The production of sugar has not improved either in quantity or in quality;
this, according to the information gathered, is due to the low price of this
article during the last years in this province as well as In the markets of
Manila.
GOMMEBGE.
The commerce of this province comprises leaf tobacco, rice, sugar, maguey,
and carabaos.
Tobacco. — ^The total production of tobacco this year was 42,000 quintals.
With the exception of some 3,000 quintals, which remain in the province for
general consumption, all of it has been secured by Chinese merchants, and
the Ck)mpafiia General de Tabacos, the former exporting the tobacco to Manila
and the latter to that capital and to foreign lands. The purchase price fluctu-
ated between 97 and W, according to class and quality.
The tobacco known as batec, which on account of its strong taste and aroma
is much preferred by the consumers of Pangasinan and Ilocos, durfog the last
month reached the price of ^60 a bale (40 hands of 100 leaves each) In the
markets of the municipalities of Ilocos.
Rice, — ^The price of this cereal per cavan (123 pounds) in the markets of the
province has been from 9^J20 to M, according to its quality and origin.
Svffar, — ^The total production of this article was some 7,000 piculs (a plcul
equals 137^ pounds), the largest part of which has been secured by Chinese
merchants at the price of ¥3.55 per plcul.
Maguey, — Though the planting of this crop has now become general, its
production was the same as in the preceding year — that<is, from 600 to 700
piculs. It was sold at n.50, W, and nO, according to its quality — ^flrst, sec-
ond, or third.
CarabaoB, — It is a matter of solne 6 months since I was surprised to learn
that in some municipalities carabaos were being sold; upon inquiry I was In-
formed that they were sold* because they were not needed, and that with the
money derived they desired to purchase more lands. The carabaos were sold
at from WOO to W80 each, according to age and condition. The municipali-
ties which sold the most carabaos were Balaoan and Bangar.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
with true gratification, even pride, I can state that public instruction in the
province is successful from every point of view.
The diligence of parents in sending their children to school, the application
and progress of the students, and the cooperation by the municipal and pro-
vincial governments, have contributed greatly tto make it successful and the
labors of the teachers fruitful; the teachers have seen their efforts for the
education of the youth of this province crowned with the most complete success.
We have now a building, recently completed, which answers for a provincial
school. It Is of solid construction, as it is entirely of stone with a galvanized-
iron roof, with appropriate divisions for the object required, and of a capacity
sufficient for 500 students.
In February of the present year the work of construction of a new build-
ing on the same site as the former, destined for a school of arts and trades,
was begun ; but, owing to the funds for said purpose having become exhausted,
it will not be completed at the time desired by all of us.
The municipalities of the province do all In their power to maintain the
schoolhouses in good condition. Bangar Is repairing one of its old schoolhouses,
because the present one is not large enough, and it is worthy of mention that
because of the enthusiasm of its Inhabitants, the cutting and hauling of the
timbers for the building, cut in and brought from the mountains of Allien,
required only thirty days.
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 31
482 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Luna has also collected the necessary timbers to add one story to one of Its
schoolhouses built of stoue and mortar.
Bagnotan will inaugurate its schoolhouse within a few day& Its lower story
is to be of masonry and its roof of galvanized iron.
San Juan proposes to enlarge its schoolhouse, and has appropriated the
necessary money for that purpose.
San Fernando, upon the advice of the governor and the suggestions of the
division superintendent, Mr. Rosenkrans, has recommended to the municipal
council the appropriation of ^,600 from the school funds, and is disposed to
contribute f^l,400, in order to make a fund of ^000, and has petitioned the
secretary of public instruction for another K,000, with which capital of ^6,000
it is projected to reconstruct the municipal school of this capital, placing
thereon a galvanized-iron roof; but, in view of executive order No. 13, the
project is in statu quo.
Santo Tonias will very soon have a spacious schoolhouse built of stone and
a galvanized-iron roof. Attention Is called to the fact that the building ia
of old construction.
On the last visit made by the undersigned to the different barrios of the
municipalities of the province, he gave particular attention to inspecting the
schoolhouses, and, with the exception of some few, all, though of light mate-
rials, were well constructed and sufficiently spacious for the number of children
attending them.
In selecting the sites for these schools care has been taken In choosing
proper barrios or places not too far distant from the adjacent barrios, so that
the children of the surrounding country might attend.
During the fiscal year the average daily attendance in the municipal schools
was 6,515, and in the provincial school of San Fernando, and the intermediate
schools of Luna and Agoo, 299.
The number of students who passed the exanfinations during the school
year is as follows: Provincial school, 14; Intermediate, 11; primary, 375.
The number of students who attended the different schools of the province
was (5,S14, with an average dally attendance of 04 per cent.
The financial condition is also flourishing, as the following statement shows :
RECEIPTS.
Internal revenue W2, 149.64
I^nd tax ^ 11,306.20
Balance July 1, 190(i 24,642.57
Miscellaneous 90.18
Total 47, 118. 59
EXPENDITURES.
Construction W, 635. 30
Repairs 381.58
Rents 454.97
Salaries of teachers 15,316.26
Furniture - 1,482.34
Transi><)rtatIon of. effects 75.00
Other expenses 234.69
School funds on hand on June 30, 11>07 27,538.45
Total 47, 118. 59
The schools of the province have been taught by 17 American teachers, 8
Filipino insular tc^achers, and 103 Filipino municipal teachers.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.
The public health throughout the province has been relatively better than
during the prtviMlInj? years.
The municipal councils^ cooperating with the sanitary authorities of their
respective nnniicii)alities, have carried out the ordinances concerning this sub
ject. To this hi a great measure is due the fact tliat there has been less sick-
ness-.
BEPOBTS OF PBOVIKCIAL QOVEBNOBS. 488
Malarial fever has prevailed, bnt has not caused enough havoc to be alarming.
Smallpox of a mild character appeared In the municipalities of Balaoan,
Bangar, and Tubao. Isolated cases were recorded and a few persons died.
During the months of October and November, 1009, under the inspection of
Doctor de Jesus, there were vaccinated in —
Persons.
Balaoan 7, 561
Arlngay 3,468
Santo Tomas 3,201
Since the 'month of September, 1906, rinderpest has appeared, causing havoc
among the animals. Among the carabaos 600 cases were recorded, with 250
deaths.
Surra of a malignant character appeared In Isolated cases, in view of which
the provincial board was obliged to issue orders for the purpose of arresting
that evil ; the bureau of health was asked for the assistance of an inoculator.
Some 80 horses were attacked with the disease.
POLITICS.
The elections, both municipal and provincial, have been the cause of great
discord, not only among friends, but also among families. The truth of the
matter is that caciquism was the principal cause, this social cancer having a
tendency to destroy all that is good; for the caciques, availing themselves of
their influence* with the unwary and ignorant people, have allowed themselves
no rest In organizing their parties, by enticing the illiterate, buying adherents,
and distributing gifts and favors to the needy, and thus they have succeeded
in organizing groups of orderlies or heelers to get supporters for their own
candidacy or that of their prot^g^s, and to protest against or denounce the
successful candidates or their followers should luck be against them in the
electoral struggle.
I hope the new election law will put a stop to these abuses. I will not neglect
any effort to extirpate this social ulcer, and, though I do not expect te do so
in a short time, I trust the measures which are being taken to enlighten the
masses, united with the impulse which Is being given to the education of the
youth, will sooner or later compass its complete extermination.
There are two political parties in the province, the Nacional Progreeista and
the Nacional Ista.
PUBLIC OBDBB.
The province has enjoyed relative tranquillity, with the exception of a few.
assaults of little importance and the theft of animals. This latter, in my
opinion, is due rather to the indifference of the owners of the animals, who, not
having proper places in which to keep the cattle, permit them to run loose in
the country at the mercy and disposition of the thieves.
The constabulary and municipal police have performed efficient services with
the harmony necessary to all bodies charged with the enforcement of public
order. In spite of their scarcity in numbers, in relation to the area of the
province and of each municipality in particular, they have made constant scouts
in the niunicipalltles and barrios for the defense of the interests, properties,
and tranquillity of their inhabitants.
The harmony which has prevailed, and still prevails, between the provincial
authorities and the municipal officials, between the authorities and the public,
and extending to the officers and soldiers who garrison Camp Wallace, is in
every waj enviable.
Realizing that the interests of the province so required, with the approval of
the Governor-General, in August, 1906, I placed the municipal police under the
control of the constabulary.
The inhabitants of I^a Union have always demonstrated their love of peace
and order and their desire to acquire their subsistence by means of honest
labor. They demonstrate res|)ect for and attachment to the authorities, obedi-
ence to the orders emanating from them, and observance of the laws, ordinances,
and regulations, as well of the province as of the muulcipalities.
484 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
riNANCB.
Tbe financial condition of the province, as regards the provincial and ma-
nicipal governments, has been in general good.
Those delinquent in the payment of cedulas and the land tax for the years
1904 and 1905 are estimated at 10 per cent.
On petition of the provincial board contained In its resolution of November 23,
1906» the Philippine Commission approved act No. 1603, transferring to the
provincial school fund the debt of this province to the insular government,
amounting to ^37,000, upon condition that the province would add thereto
nSfOOO, the whole to be devoted to educational purposes In the province.
ECONOMY.
During the fiscal year the positions of provincial secretary, assistant to the
provincial treasurer, clerk in the ofAce of the governor, and one clerk in the
office of the provincial treasurer, were abolished, making a total saving of
^4,420 for the year; though there must be deducted from this amount some
F600 a year, for the quota of the salary of the third member of tibe provincial
board.
Many of the municipalities have consolidated the offices of municipal secre-
tary and treasurer, and abolished some clerkships.
PUBLIC WOBKS.
During the fiscal year the following sums have been ext>ended /or construe^
tion and repair of public works :
Construction of the provincial school and of the school
of arts and trades m, 691.86
CJonstruction of the government building 1,062.92
Construction and repair of bridges 2,173.90
Construction and repair of roads 5, 288. 21
The municipalities of Bauang and Aringay are constructing their municipal
buildings; the municipal building of San Fernando will soon be commenced.
The province has received from the congressional relief fund (act No. 1275)
for the construction of the provincial school, n2,000; for the construction of
the school of arts and trades (act No. 1580), M,000; and of the debt of
f97,(X)0, cancelled (act No. 1603), it has transferred to the provincial school
fund for the construction and improvements of buildings the sum of n4,285.72.
Respectfully submitted.
J. LUKA,
Governor of the Province of La Union.
The Govebnob-General.
Report of the Govebnob op Z am bales.
[Translation.]
Office of the Govebnob, Pbovincb of Zambalbs,
Iba, July 9, 1907.
Sib : I have the honor to submit the following report covering the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1907 :
INTBODUCTION.
It is a well-known fact that Zambales being a poor and small province has
been severely discussed and criticised as being that province the finances of
which are the poorest and most precarious, and for this reason it was contem-
plated, at the beginning of my term of office, to annex this province to another
and make it a subprovince.
This pessimistic view will serve me as an excuse for anything against my
administration that may appear in this report
BEPOBTS OF PBOVIlTCIAIi GOVBBNOBS.
486
EooNOMio coin)inoBr.
Notwithstanding the pecBimistic yiews above mentioned, the calendar year of
1906 has ended happily for the municipal governments, and the fiscal year 1007
had ended likewise for the provincial government. For the first time In the
history of the government of the Province of Zambales the municipal treas-
uries showed no Indebtedness, or an insignificant indebtedness on the one hand
and a sufllcient surplus on the other, and the provincial treasurer was able,
without sbllciting the assistance of the insular government, in accordance with
act No. 1004, to cover all the expenses of the province and have a considerable
surplus in the general as well as In the road fund.
The following table shows the balances on hand in the municipalities at the
end of the calendar year 1906 :
Municipality.
General
fund.
School
fund.
Indebted-
ness.
Bemarkg.
n,729.48
raiD.is
No debts.
1.U1.57
409.82
rm.»
706.W
286.51
9.47
«7.17
88.74
84.60
1,241.0»
884.46
Nodebto.
2,728.71
854.67
^
Do.
i,iao.4i
687.10
19.10
1,884.70
578.48
Nodebto.
Botolan
Ibo
Maslnloc.
Olongapo
Santa Oruz
San Mareellno
San Nareiso..
Sublc
Balance on hand in the provincial treasury on July 1, 1907 :
General fund n, 692. 25
Road fund 4. 522. 62
These figures clearly show that during the fiscal year covered by this report
the financial condition of this province was not of the worst, as was at the
beginning believed it would be. All the gloomy forebodings In this respect were
the result only of the fear on part of the officials and the general public of
the si)ecter of the fusion, which ought to disappear from the scene in Zambales,
because the future of this province promises to be a happy one, in view of the
great economies introduced In the expenses, for which it has to thank its good
friend in the executive bureau, and of the additional economies which will
result if the steps taken by this administration will prove successful.
The surplus funds of the municipalities have been invested in large appro-
priations for permanent public improvements. At San Narciso, a town hall of
strong material, of solid and modem construction, is nearing completion ; at San
Felipe, in the municipality of San Narciso, all the material has been gathered
for a large municipal school building; at San Mareellno, a model schoolhouse of
modem construction built of strong material was inaugurated September last
year ; the pueblo of San Antonio is following the example set by the municipal-
ity last mentioned, to which it belongs, by building a schoolhouse which also
promises to be very good; the pueblo of Candelaria, in the municipality of
Maslnloc, inaugurated September of last year its handsome schoolhouse of
mixed materials, the only regretable feature being that It has not a galvanized-
Iron roof; the provincial capital, Iba, contemplates the construction of a town
hall, the work on which is to commence upon the registration of the land on
which it is to be built; the pueblo of Palauig, in the municipality of Iba, has
just completed its municipal schoolhouse, which is to be inaugurated at the
opening of the present school year ; Botolan is actively engaged in collecting the
material for its new town hall, the construction of which is to begin soon, and
Santa Cruz has appropriated 9700 for the material for a municipal bridge,
which will be a fine improvement if part of the n,241.69, the balance on hand,
can be used.
During the year covered by this report the provincial board has appropriated
large sums from the proper funds for the construction and repair of bridges
on the general wagon road. Considering the fact that the pueblos of the south
contribute the most to the road fund, and that Sublc and Olongapo are most im-
portant markets and commercial centers of the province, the provincial board
has given special attention to the southern portion of the general wagon road,
and it may be said to be at present in a satisfactory condition. The work of
486 . KBPOET OF THE PHILIPPINB COKMISl^OK.
constructing and repairing the bridges and culverts of the northern portion of
the general wagon road has been commenced, but has been suspended for the
time being on account of the present season being the time for work in the
fields.
INSTBUGTION.
This branch has the best and most decided support of the goyemment, and
the Filipino people are convinced that it is the strongest basis for its recon-
struction. For this reason the people of Zambales, though they have during
the fiscal year received no support from the provincial government other than
the rents of the buildings used for school purposes, and KOO for the purchase of
land on which the proposed high school is to be built, are enthusiastic for In-
struction and ready to make up with their mites what the provincial treasury
can not give.
As to the conditions of the public instruction in Zambales, I refer to the fol-
lowing report kindly furnished me by the division superintendent of schools :
Depabtment of Public Instbuction,
BuBEAu OF Education,
Division of Zambales,
Iha, P. /., July 6\ 1907.
Sib: I have the honor, in reply to your favored communication of the 28th
ultimo, to submit the following:
Notwithstanding the precarious situation of the entire province during the
past fiscal year, this has been in no manner a period of retrogression for the
public instruction. It is true that we have made very little progress with re-
gard to numbers, and have not been able to expend large sums, as we have been
compelled to struggle in order to retain what little we obtained in previons
years. Wtf have, however, advanced in several respects.
In order to keep within our appropriations we have, of course, been com-
pelled to decrease the number of the schools, closing several of minor impor-
tance, and discontinuing the employment of a few teachers during part of the
year.
To be more explicit iu my report I will make mention of the follQwing facts :
For the first time in the history of the schools we have concluded the cal-
endar year (1906) free from debt, with a considerable balance in the municipal
treasuries ; we have maintained a regular attendance of children slightly above
that expected by the department on the basis of the population; the average
number of municipal teachers employed during the year exceeds that of pre-
vious years by three of four, although the average salary of these teachers
has increased from W1.61 In 1906 to W1.86 this year.
Our municipal teachers have advanced until not a single one remained who
did not have the primary course certificate, and there Is not one below the
fourth grade, the majority being in the sixth and seventh. The teachers of
this province who went to the teachers' assembly at Manila compared very
favorably with those from other provinces. All strangers who come to this
province say that it is ahead of the others so far as speaking E<ngllsh is con-
cerned. English is almost universally understood in the province.
During this year we have completed the only modem building and the best
schoolhouse of the province. Other pueblos, emulating the example set by
San Marcelino, have begun constructing schoolhouses which are to rival the
latter. There are only two schools in this division which do not occupy school-
houses proper, but rented buildings.
The high school has kept abreast of the other schools, and its progress is a
source of much gratification. While it is true that the province has done less
for its maintenance this year than during any of the preceding years, yet the
school has overcome all difficulties, and has managed without aid on the part
of the province, excepting the small items of the rent and the cleaning of the
building occupied by it. We have had a good friend and supporter in the in-
sular government, which has given us the means to attain to the position which
we now occupy. To this friend we owe the costly equipment for domestic
science, new implements for agriculture, and tools for carpentering.
As evidence of the progress of the pupils, I may mention the following: As
to carpentering — the furniture used in my office and in that of the principal of
the high school: ns to agriculture, the beautiful vegetable garden near the
high school, and the flower garden kept at the same place by the girls of the
BEP0BT8 OF PBOVINCIAL GOVEBNOES. 487
school. As to domestic science — the sliill with which the girls prepare food
and clothes; and as to the other branches, the number of pupils who have fin-
ished the iutermediate course this 3'ear. The high school is now a school of
secondary Instruction indeed, because it has for the first time a class which
will pursue all the studies of the first year of speondary instruction.
The annexed tables show more in detail the history of the schools for last
year with regard to funds, schoolhouses, teachers, and graduates of the primary
and intermediate courses.
Very respectfully, O. Atkin,
Division Superintendent of Schools.
The honorably Gabbiel Alba,
Provincial Governor of Zatnbales, Iha, P, I.
In order to conclude this chapter about instruction, I must add to the above
letter that the more the construction of the building for the provincial high
school is delayed the more impatient become the people who have contributed
to it, and who are burning with the desire to see the result of their sacrifices;
and the pupils, and the teachers, and provincial officers, not less than they,
deplore the continual reverses which the work projected has sufl'ered.
In view of the great difficulties which the execution of the work encountered,
the provincial board passed a resolution to undertake it administratively, and
thus insure greater economy and better work than a contract with a private
party could, considering the profit and interest involved.
This matter has been submitted to the superior authorities for approval, and
the provincial board awaits the result with the greatest patience and resig-
nation.
AGRICULTURE.
Agriculture, is awakening the greatest zeal and Interest on the part of the
parties interested. This is best Illustrated by the stand taken by several in-
fluential people, who became Improvised agriculturists, preaching the love of
labor and spreading good and scientific ideas. A great stimulus is also the
competition of new agriculturists, strangers in this province. I have reference
to several sons of the noble and great American nation, who have landed
property in this province and are engaged in agricultural pursuits. These new
champions of agriculture preach the idea and find a decideil supimrt in the
natural love of the people for agriculture. They have brought tt> this prt)vince
modem implements of agriculture, . such as steel plows and harrows, and are
making propaganda for their introduction In all the municipalities, waging at
the same time an energetic campaign against all useless and unproductive
routine methods.
The bureau of agriculture also awakens the interest of the agriculturists in
an indirect manner and in the way of suggestion by the monthly and quarterly
reports which it requires of the municipalities, from official or private S()urces,
and which cover a great deal of information of importance to agriculture.
It has also contributed to the development of agriculture by sending seeds to
the agriculturists, accompanied by pamphlets with instructions regarding their
cultivation. It has furnished the province with 8,000 Hawaiian maguey plants,
which have been distributed to the agriculturists of several pueblos, and are
doing very well.
The cattle pest has become endemic among the draft animals, but notwith-
standing this the principal crop — rice — ^has been very abundant, and, as a rule,
it has increased 15 ()er cent over what it w^as last year, the area of land planted
in rice having l)een 10 i^er cent larger than during the preceding year.
The same rate of increase applies to other products, such as sugar cane, maize,
cocoanuts, and maguey. The two crops last meutionod have been taken up
with great enthusiasm. The landowners of means are very anxious to {)urcliase
cocoanuts, which are becoming dearer every day, for planting, and the laud-
owners in general buy a great deal of maguey seed, which can be obtained very
cheap in this province.
Horticulture has recreivetl a great impulse since Olongapo has oi)ened a large
market for the products of the province.
In view of the frightful mortality among horses at Botolan, Iba, and Talauig
during the year It is at present very difficult for the traveler to hire one. The
usual mode of transportation in vogue in this province, even among the wealth-
ier chusses, is the cart drawn l)y caral)ao, or very S4»ldom by neat cattle.
The rinderpest wrought terrible havoc among the carabao at Olongajx). In
less than a week it carried off all the carabao In the barrio of Santa Kita, and
488 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
unfortunately the veterinary surgeons did not come until the disease was at an
end for want of anything to destroy.
I must mention, however, that in spite of the fact that this disease has be-
come endemic among the labor cattle, nature, which does not always deny its
benefits, has during this fiscal year been very generous toward the carabao and
the neat cattle, which have prospered and increased 25 per cent.
The increase of the area of land under cultivation is largely due to this in-
crease of the labor cattle.
In concluding this subject I take great pleasure In stating that in all the
pueblos there exists the greatest enthusiasm for the aggrandizement of agricul-
ture, to such an extent that the people themselves desire municipal legislation
making it obligatory to plant certain useful crops. This unanimous desire in
the pueblos was ably interpreted by the convention of municipal presidents,
when it resolved that all the municipal councils should pass an ordinance oblig-
ing the residents to plant certain products, each according to his ability. How-
ever, this resolution proved a failure, because, In view of an opinion of the
attorney-general, it had to be repealed.
I am of the opinion that however lmix>rtant the initiative taken by the gov-
ernment for the betterment of agriculture may be, its good Intentions will al-
ways suffer shipwreck on the reef of indifference so long as the municipal
councils are without power to legislate for their enforcement.
COMMBBCE.
#
I must repeat what I have said in a previous annual report — the commerce of
Zambales is monopolized by the Chinese.
With the exception of the pueblos inhabited by Ilocanos, and Subic and
Olongapo, where the population is almost cosmopolitan, the commerce in the
pueblos of this province is in the hands of the Chinese, who are the absolute
masters, so far as the exploitation of all the public wealth is concerned.
A son of the Celestial Elmplre has introduced himself at San Narciso, where
the commerce has always been flourishing, and is now competing with the native
merchants. Though his shop was established less than a year ago, it is now the
largest and most Important of San Narciso and has a large patronage, which
protects it from failure.
The first places among the products exported are occupied by rice and paddy.
The amounts exceed those of the preceding fiscal year, it being estimated that
87,000 cavanes of rice and 24,000 cavanes of paddy were exported, and that
29,000 cavanes are left of the last crop.
The lumber business, in which the people of Sublc and Olongapo are engaged,
has not been very good, because of low prices and little demand.
Charcoal and rattan were also among the articles exported; but the produc-
tion of these articles during the present fiscal year has been almost one-half
less than last year. This is principally due to the lack of laborers at the places
of production, which is the result of the great demand for laborers at Olongapo,
where good wages are paid.
To resume. The commerce of the province of Zambales during the fiscal
year has been of negative results with regard to the exploitation of its wealth,
even if we include rice and paddy, for which good prices were secured, and its
results will remain negative so long as the commerce is monopolized by the
Chinese, who take all their money to their own country as soon as they have
become wealthy.
INDUSTRY.
The province of Zambales is iwor, so far as industry is concerned. With the
exception of the building of sailboats, the industries of this province lack com-
mercial imiwrtance and their products are not exported. I will, however,
mention the principal products: Mats, nlpa for roofing, and burl sacks. Tan-
nery, saddlery, shoemaklng, and tailoring, are other small local industries.
In the pueblo of Botolan the manufacture of burl hats is being perfected;
they resemble Panama hats when properly formed. The amateur manufac-
turers are very enthusiastic, and a plan is on foot to exploit this industry.
Corpenterlng is a trade which is becoming general, especially among the
Ilocanos. It is exploited with very good results by a son of this province, the
present teacher of the industrial department of the high school, who works in
his leisure hours and teaches his compatriots the arts of carpentering and
BEPOBTS OF PROVINCIAL OOVERKORS. 48d
cablnetmaking. The products of his work are used to fill the requests for
office furniture received from some of the municipal governments. The carts
existing in this province, which are constructed in accordance with the re-
quirements of the law, are also products of this industry.
FACT0BIK8.
Though it would seem that this province is still poorer, so far as factorleiw
are concerned, it is not so in reality, there being a rice-hulling mill at San
Narciso which turns, out 32 ca vanes per day, two lemonade factories, one at
Subic and the other at Olongapo, one distillery at Botolan, and one cigar fac-
tory at San Narciso.
NATURAL WEALTH.
It is well known that the forestal wealth of Zambales is splendid and
abundant. There is a large variety of timber, and an abundance of those of
the first group — ^yacal, molave, and narra.
As I stated before, when mentioning lumber as an article of commerce, the
exploitation of the timber wealth as a business has decreased considerably
during the fiscal year. jEIowever, a great deal of timber from the second group
downward has been cut for the construction of houses. Thanks to the privi-
lege of cutting timber free of charge, the aspect of the towns has greatly im-
proved, and the pueblo of San Narciso may be mentioned as the best example
in this respect, because of its beautiful poblacidn.
A big company is contemplating the establishment of a sawmill in this
province. The realization of this project would greatly improve the conditions
of the work in the exploitation of the forestal wealth of Zambales, and would
offer additional facilities to the province for its public works, and to private
parties contemplating the construction of houses.
The mineral wealth of Zambales, if exploited, would put the province in
good condition financially. There are valuable mineral deposits in its soil,
which have already been located and recorded in the office of the provincial
secretary — there being coal, silver, gold, etc., an abundiance of amianth, and
sulphur of very good quality. During the fiscal year an asbestos mine has
been recorded, so that there are at present ten mining claims recorded in this
province.
NONCHBISTIAN TRIBES.
The most important of the many settlements of Negritos in this province are
those of Villar, Moraza, Tambalao, and Ballnbiclat, in the municipality of Boto-
lan; those of Aglao, Gasapaltan, Payudpud, and Gamucauan, in the munici-
pality of San Marcelino, Naugsol, in Subic, and Boton and Santa Rita, in the
municipality of Olongapo.
There is a considerable tendency toward assimilation and cohesion among
the Negritos of Boton, Aglao, and Villar, who seem to be inclined to reorganize
in order to found a township later on.
The settlement of Villar is in the lead, and has at the present time a school
for its children which cost HO, taken from the non-Christian tribes fund.
School will be opened soon, there being a teacher with a compensation of ns
per month.
There is a great deal of enthusiasm for instruction among these black peo-
ple, as shown by the action of the inliabitants of the settlement in assisting,
spontaneously and without compensation, in the construction of their school-
house.
The Negritos of Boton (Olongapo) are more civilized than any of the others
in this province, and come frequently into town. They are engaged in the cut-
ting of timber, and many of them go to Manila to sell it there, and enter into
contracts for labor, the same as civilized people.
All the settlements, without exception, are greatly devoted to the govern-
ment. They treat all travelers, without distinction, with great respect, receiv-
ing them in their huts and guiding them on their way, if they so desire.
The Negritos are organized under the old system, having a captain, lieuten-
ants, and policemen, whose orders are obeyed and respected, and their settle-
ments form the outposts on the strategic points by which the lawless elements
of the adjacent provinces might enter ours.
My assurance as to the situation in this province, on the occasion of the es-
cape of the prisoners in the province of Bataan, was largely due to my confi-
dence in the outposts established by the various Negrito settlements.
490 BEPOBT OF THB PHILIPPINE c6mMI88i6k.
FOUTICS.
While the last among the provinces as to finances, Zambales comes first in
the matter of public order and tranquillity, as it has the distinction of b^ing
the most quiet in the archipelago. This will be confirmed by the many travel-
ers who have honored Zambales with their visit, and who have In every case
admired the tranquillity, peace, and good order prevailing in this province.
% The governor-general has said with good reason:
"A man is a thousand times better off without a firearm than with one, espe-
cially in a province inhabited by very peaceable people, like Zambaleiios.'*
In fact, the causes of this condition lie in the very character of the province.
The abundance of natural wealth, which furnishes the sons of this soil an honest
living without much work; the facility and cheapness of the articles of first
necessity ; the work which the soil of Zambales never denies to the Zambalefio ;
all these circumstances, joined with the peculiar topographical formation of
this province, which has in the Zambales range a natural wall separating It
from the adjacent provinces and protecting it from contamination, have modeled
the character of the people of Zambales in such a manner as to make it deserv-
ing of the honorable title of the most peaceable people.
During the fiscal year the relations between the people and the government,
and between the honorable citizens and the officials, have been entirely satis-
factory, and they promise to remain so. There is mutual confidence and good
understanding, and mutual cooperation in the work of preserving peace, tran-
quillity, and good order.
The director of constabulary having asked me for a confidential report, I
informed him that the constabulary stationed in this province had not had an
opportunity to show its efficacy, for the reason that the deep peace which this
province is enjoying did not give any opportunity for the action of the armed
force. .
The result of this statement was that one of the two constabulary companies
stationed in the province was withdrawn, which naturally produced some dis-
pleasure on the rait of the enlisted men who were taken away from their homes,
of the officers who were deprived of the pleasures of a peaceful and tranquil
life, and of all those persons whose business interests were injured by the
reduction of the constabulary forces stationed in this province.
At the beginning there was a good deal of excitement, and there were rumors
of a protest which was to be filed with the governor-general. However, time
and circumstances ended by calming the minds, and the public finally became
convinced that there was no necessity for such a large force in Zambales, while
the constabulary was, on the other hand, badly needed in other provinces.
I must state that I did not request the reduction of the constabulary sta-
tioned in my province. I was, however, agreeable to the withdrawal of the
company mentioned, which is at present in the province of Cavite.
The constabulary company of this province is a valuable auxiliary in the
maintenance of order and the protection of life and property ; the greater num-
ber is stationed at the capital — Iba — ^aud 15 men, commanded by a subinspector,
form the small detachment at Santa Cruz.
The Iba detachment is in charge of the patrol service toward the pueblos
of the south, and the Santa Cruz detachment guards the point of ingress and
egress of lawless elements in the north. The new service plan furnishes con-
siderable work to the members of the corps, who perform the same with great
efficacy and make it a genuine police service, to the satisfaction of the public.
There was a great deal of alarm in the pueblos of the south on the occasion
of the escape of the prisoners in the province of Bataan, especially when the
public learned that Modesto Mlaco, the ringleader of the Jail delivery, had for
a long time been a resident of the pueblo of San Marcelino. However, the fre-
quent, regular appearance of the constabulary patrol, the repeated Journeys
which government officials made into the mountains, where they visited the
Negrito settlements, and lastly, the cooperation of the people, who rendered
patrol service in the towns proper and in the most populous barrios, ended by
making the situation again normal. Finally, when it became known to the
public that the Miaco gang, being hard pressed by the government forces, had
dispersed, the municiiml ordinance making patrol service obligatory for all the
citizens was suspended.
The Miaco incident, which caused alarm among the women and a few tim-
orous property owners in the south, furnished a good opportunity for testing
KEPOBTS OP PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS. 491
and putting Into practice the new police service, which was found to be excel-
lent, its efDcacy being proved by facts. It will be seen that an efficient police
service does not lie In numerical strength, but In the quality of the service
rendered in the protection of the public and the maintenance of order.
CONSOLIBATION.
The rehabilitation of Zambales has been the principal aim of this adminis-
tration ever since its inauguration, it being considered an efficacious means of
preventing absorption of Zambales by another province or provinces, of allevi-
ating its economic situation, and of assuring its juridical exist^ce.
The deep political crisis through which the province is passing from year to
year, and the not less regrettable crisis through which its provincial treasury
has passed, have served the good* people of Zambales as sad and bitter lessons,
and have convinced It that the solution of the question of provincial indepen-
dence lies solely and exclusively In the return of the pueblos of the north.
For this reason the conventions of municipal presidents of 1905 and 1906, voic-
ing the unanimous desire of the people, passed resolutions to the effect that all
the necessary measures be taken to attain to the noble aspiration of the people,
the much desired rehabilitation of the province of Zambales. The data of the
convention of 1906 coincided with the inauguration of my administration.
In order to overcome the obstacles hi the way, a committee of provincial
and municipal officers has been organized to take steps to secure this condition
from the Philippine Aasembly, the body which will, have the jurisdiction and
power to determine the fate of this province.
The desire of the people of Zambales to see their ideal triumph is very great,
and has its bearing on the present campaign for the election of deputies to the
assembly.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
Zambales, aside from being a peaceable province, is a very healthful one ; but
disease is an evil which exists here as everywhere.
The most prevalent diseases recorded during the year were--among the adults,
the various fevers; among the children — Intestinal catarrh; and among the
poor infants— convulsions.
• There was no disease of an endemic or epidemic character, with the excep-
tion of malaria, which appears periodically in the cool seasons, in the months of
December, January, and February .«
Taken together, the sanitary and hygienic conditions in the province have
been very satisfactory during the year, thanks to the work performed by the
municipal councils, under the direction of the provincial board.
The expense of the sanitary department, the work of which Is done by the
municipal councils, as I have' said, constitutes a heavy burden on the provincial
treasury, and has given cause to complaints on the part of the provincial board
and of the general public, because the truth is that it has not been and is not of
any benefit to the province and its pueblos. The opinion of the provincial board,
supported by that of the convention of the municipal presidents, as legitimate
representatives of the people, is that the position of health officer is useless and
unnecessary. For this reason the board has requested the abolition of that
position, and it hopes to obtain a favorable consideration of this petition, which
it deems very just, more so than that for the abolition of the office of provincial
fiscal, which was favorably acted upon by the Philippine Commission.
Respectfully submitted.
Gabriel Alba,
Governor of the Province of Zambales.
The Governor-General.
Exhibit O.
FOREIGN CONSULS.
(List of the consular representatives in the Philippine Islands, with their office
addresses.)^
^A table showing the condition of public health has been omitted, and is on
file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
^ This has been omitted and is on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War
De)>artment. For similar list, see p. 103.
!i!
EXHIBIT NO. 3.
BBPOBT OF THE ATTDITOB FOE THE PHILIPPnrE ISLAHDS.
PART I.
Manila, April 1, 1908.
Sirs: Complying with the requirements of existing law I have the honor to sabniit
this, the seventh annual report of the fiscal affairs of the ^vemment and its political
subdivisions for the fiscal year end^ June 30, 1907, consisting of the following:
Schedule A. — The insular balance sheet at the close of business June 30, 1907, and
June 30, 1906.
(1) Abstract of unexpended balances of appropriations, bureaus and offices
(p. 495).
(2) Abstract of unexpended balances of appropriations, miscellaneous expenses
(p. 495).
(3) Abstract of unexpended balances of appropriations, insular aid to prov-
inces (p. 496).
(4) Abstract of imexpended balances of appropriations, public works from
insular revenues (p. 496).
(5) Abstract of unexpended balances of appropriations of self-sustaining bureaus
and funds, stated separately for the reason that their transactions do not
affect the available surplus, except as noted (p. 496).
(6) Abstract of unexpended balances of appropriations for public works and
permanent improvements from proceeos of bond issue (p. 497).
(7) Abstract of unexpended balances of appropriations from the Congressional
relief fund (p. 497).
Abstract of miscellaneous liabilities of the ^vemment (p. 497). ,
Abstract of unexpended balances of appropriations and liabilities on account
of the citjr of Manila (p. 498).
(10) Recapitulation of cash balances (p. 498).
Scheaule B, — Income and expenditures statement of the insular government.
(1) Revenues (p. 499).
(2) Expenditures, executive department (p. 502).
(3) Expenditures, department of the intenor (p.* 503).
(4) Expenditures, department of commerce and i>olice (p. 505).
(5) Expenditures, department of finance and justice (p. 508).
(6) Expenditures, department of public instruction (p. 509).
(7) Expenditures, the judiciary (p. 510).
(8) Expenditures, miscellaneous expenses (p. 511).
(9) Expenditures, aid to provinces (p. 511).
(10) Capital expenditures, public works from insular revenue (p. 512).
(11) Loans to provinces (p. 513).
(12) Summary of above (p. 513).
The surplus account (p. 514).
C— Statement of capital operations, i. e., bureaus and funds, the property of
the government, whose transactions do not affect the available surplus except as
noted (p. 514).
!1) Proceeds of opium licenses (p. 515).
2) Marine railway and repair shop (p. 515).
3) Commissary stores, bureau of constabulary (p. 515).
4) Baguio townsite improvement fund (p. 515).
5) Coal supplv fund (p. 516).
(6) Arrastre plant, bureau oi customs (p. 516).
(7) American circulating library (p. 516).
(8) Bureau of printing (p. 516).
(9) Industrial division and carabao cart fund, bureau of prisons (p. 517).
(10) Bureau of supply, supply division (p. 517).
(11) Bureau of supply, cola storage division (p. 517).
. (12) Summary of capital operations (p. 518).
492
J 13)
uk I
RSPOBT OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIFPINE ISLANDS. 498
Schedule D.— Operations of the CongrMoional relief fund (p. 518).
Schedule ^.—Operations of the gold standard fund (p. 519).
Schedule F. — Operations of the friar lands fund (p. 520).
Schedule (J, — Expenditures from the proceeds of public works and permanent improve-
ment bonds (p. 520).
Schedule J7. — Statement of operations of sundry trust funds (p. 522).
(1) Provincial and mumcipal internal revenue (p. 523).
(2) Interest accrued and unpaid (p. 524).
(3) The money-order fund (p. 524;.
(4) The postal savings bank (p. 525).
^5) Sundry accounts not included in the balance (p. 525).
Schedule I. — Fiscal operations of the city of Manila.
(1^ The balance sheet (p. 525).
(2) Income and expenaitures statement (p. 526).
(3) Operations of special funds (p. 528).
(4) Revenue account (p. 529).
(5) Appropriation account (p. 530).
REVENUE FROM TAXATION.
The income from taxation collected by this government and its political subdivi-
sions during the fiscal year was as follows:
Insular government ^"22, 013, 257. 81
Provincial governments 2, 579, 262. 48
City of Manila 1,802,281.05
Municipal governments 4, 089, 861. 36
Total 30, 484, 662. 70
or, according to the census of 1903, the sum of ^3.99 ($1,995 United States currency)
per capita for each inhabitant of the islands.
FISCAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCES AND MUNICIPALniES.
As these are contained in detail in Part II of this report, already published, only a
sommary thereof is included in this report (p. 531).
THE BALANCE SHEET OF THE INSULAR GOVERNMENT.
In this report the balances in the hands of collecting officers are brought into the
available surplus account, and all of the so-called statistical accounts have been brought
into balance with the cash accounts, following the usual commercial practice in that
respect.
CURRENT ASSETS.
Under the svstem of accounting in vogue in this office up to and at the close of this
IJscal year, only the current assets represented by loans and advances to provinces
and the current account of the city ol Manila have been brought into the accounts
and this system was necessarily followed in the preoaration of this report; but in
order to present the accounts of funds (the proceeds of oond issues) in a manner intel-
ligible to a layman, the assets represented by the expenditures therefrom have been
brought into account.
In the ensuing year so far as possible tRe current assets represented by unexpended
supplies in the storehouses and material yards of the various bureaus and offices of the
government will be brought into the accounts as well as the equipinent of the gov-
ernment, commonlv known as nonexpendable property. In a few instances where
the money value of stores was accurately known in this office the information is con-
tained in a footnote to the account. The value of the government's propertv will be
carried into the principal or capital accoiuit, and shown on the assets side of the
balance sheet in reasonable detail. To this fund has been credited the amount of
loans and current accounts and premiums on public works and permanent improve-
ment bonds. The current account balance of the city of Manila, heretofore carried
as available for appropriation, has also been carried to this account.
A concise summary of the transactions of the year affecting the surplus will be found
on page 513 of this report.
494 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
SCHEDULB A.
Balance sheet of the inaular government at the close of bunneu.
Cash in Treuair and depositories
Cash in the hanas of coUeoting and disbursing officers .
Real estate, friar lands (purchased from proceeds bond issue)
Permanent improvements (oonstmoted from proceeds bond issue)
Cu^^rent assets:
Loans and advances to provinces
City of Manila account current
Due from United States mints (gold-standard fund)
Total.
UABILITIia.
Bonded debt:
Gold standard fund certificates
Friar lands bonds
Public works and permanent improvements bonds.
Silver certificates outstanding
Depository funds
Sinicing fund to retire friar lands bonds
Refundable export duties
Provincial and municipal Internal revenue (undistributed) .
Money-order funds
Postal savings-bank funds
Constabulary pension fund
Gold-standard fund
Mint account
I bonded debt (supra) .
Congressional relief fund
Interest accrued and unpaid
Miscellaneous trust funds (see p. 522) .
City of Manila:
Revenue account
Appropriation account
Sewer and water-works fund . .
Sewer and water sinking fund.
Luneta extension loan
Warrants outstanding.
Principal account
Surplus:
Appropriated
Availaole for appropriation.
Total.
June ao, 1907.
rfiO,n7,68L1M
2,465.673.09
52.583,355.63
13,903,257.21
5,475.634.44
654,304.99
454,378.28
4,039,573.34
5,148,256.61
77,110,503.89
2,ooo,ooaoo
14,000,000.00
7,000,000.00
23,000,000.00
21,540,708,00
7,912,526.00
711,901.53
831,048.66
508,789.41
585,025.02
510,061.64
101,681.18
720,629.56
4,039,573.34
4,760.202.80
2,000,000.00
2,760,202.89
296,335.90
464,766.67
63,125.23
183,546.77
3,709,449.00
80,502.44
40,970.89
4,014,559.70
278,272.91
1.640,043.18
5.150.607.29
6,731.828.68
11.891,435.97
77,110,503.89
June 3D, 1906.
r45,122,814.»
2,038,473.98
47,161,288.27
13,895.007.18
4,560,850.43
471,409.22
947,516. 19
1,418,925.41
67, 026, 06a 29
3,000,OQ0lO0
14,000,000.00
7,000,000100
24,ooo,ooaoo
14,41O,O0O.OQr
11,218,486.70
1,273,608.28
815,914 48
506,366.46
1,252,779.64
81,087.96
5,789,267.92
5,789,267.92
3,000,000.00
2,789,267.92
485,896.06
30,871.73
10,06176
173,011.23
1,590,417.23
89,979.98
1,862.493.13
96,251.77
1,942,035. 39
4,642,114.04
1,528,964.91
6,171,069.85
67, 006,0801 29
BEPOBT OF ATJDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
495
Abstract of unexpended balaneee of appropriationa,
(1) BUREAU AND OFFICES.
(NOTB.— Itema bmoketed Indicate overdrawn appropiiatlon or baUooe due ofBoers, a« the case
may oe.j
Totals.
Executive department:
Philippine commission
Theexecutive ^3,063.32 i
Executive bureau [6,232.62]
Bureau of dvil service [126.96]
Bureau of audits ' 3,506.83
Department of the Interior:
Bureau of health 160,134.74
Bureau of quarantine service.
Weather bureau
Bureau of forestry
Bureau of science
Bureau of lands
Bureau of agriculture
Philippine medical school
Department of commerce and police:
Bureau of constabulary
Bureau of posts
Bureau of navigation
Bureau of navigation, light-house service.
Bureau of coast and geodetic survey
Office of the supervising railway expert. . .
Bureau of public works
Office of the consulting architect
Bureau of architecture
Department of finance and Justice:
Bureau of the irea«ury
Bureau of lustioe
Bureau of internal revenue
Bureau of customs
Department of public Instruction:
Bureau of education
Bureau of prisons, prison division
The judiciary
38,10X43
2,000.74
410.84
67,867.00
101,516.80
[16,023.62]
2,750.61
67,326.80
[1,660.04]
147,043. 70
30,346.79
14,200.97
13,066.86
60,872.03
r3,63&88
3,183.03
[2,136.62]
186.88
[2,302.60]
66,134.17
1,168.42
1,076.00
1,41&06
1,630.18
[7,004. 44]
3,076u37
202,646.01
67,88&60
1,247.02
[1,834.86]
6,366.41
0,004.16
[14,274. 16]
Total.
6,130.60
22,770.40
66,633.26
£2,781.44
[148,022.06]
26,704.07
24,421.08
1,607. 18
8,630. 17
17,654.37
44,26a 76
66,483.05
6,103.06
[7,n4.44]
r3,638.88
6,267.26
[7,366. 14
60.42
1,204.24
215,3e&01
30,366.85
3,076. 74
1,820.82
60,406.18
04,421.46
[11,047. 16]
2,760.61
260,073.71
66,327.46
140,19a 72
37,611.94
10,62a 38
22,16a 02
66,608. 78
7,827.68
31,300.66
73,187.62
07,042.20
[03,430.01]
31,808.02
16,647.64
726,862.08 . 446,874.60
1,171,737.68
(2) MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES AND FIXED CHARGES.
Fidelity bond premiums i P42,600. 43
Qeneral purposes 167,166.34
Insular salary and expense fund
Payments to contract steamships ,
Pa V of Cavite police
Collect i ng lepers for Culion colony
Exposition board
Extra compensation of treasury examiners
Aid to economic association
Benguet improvements
Expenses Burnham and Anderson
Expenses Congressional party
Purchase of Formosa ems
Payments to Sultan of Sulu et al
Sales of rice, act 406
Relief of Bias Cabrera et al
Philippine census
ban Josfi litigation
Registration of property, Cebu
Gift to inhabiUnts of Kalinga ,
Gift to inhabitants of Apayo
Extra compensation to accountant counting mutilated
money ,
Payment to Governor Curry
Pajrment to R. F. Santos
Interest on public works and permanent improvement bonds.
Total
08,017. 11
2, 076. €8
640.78
6, 147. 44
2.00
180.00
•I
P'20L04
21,26186
408.82
""dUxibi
736.69
1,718.36
218.02
1,876.27
2oaoo
500.00
600.00
200.00
850.00
4,367.00
(3o,ooaoo]
276.17
1,124.87
500.00
296,411.05 26,706.64
P'42,00L37
188,4iaa0
408.82
06,017.11
2, 43a 60
1.38a 37
7,86a 80
2.00
18a 00
21&02
27a 17
1.124.87
5oaoo
1,87a 27
2oaoo
600.00
6oaoo
2oaoo
86a 00
4,357.00
[3o,ooaooi
322,200.60
496
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPIKE COMMISSION.
Abstract of unexpended balances of appropriations — Continued.
(3) AID TO PROVINCES.
[NOTB.— Items bracketed Indicate overdrawn appropriation or balance doe offloers, aa the oaae
may be.]
Proylnce of Balacan
ProYinoe of Cebu, act 1614.
ProTlnee of Cebu, act 1660.
Province of Leyte
ProYinoe of Samar
Treasury.
Total.
r2,334.45
1,800.00
3,ooaoo
7,600.00
7,106.06
31,83a fil
Other
oflBoers.
Totals.
r2.334.45
i.8oaoo
3,000l00
7,fioaoo
7.196.06
31.83a 51
(4) PUBLIC WORKS FROM INSULAR REVENUES.
[Nora.— Items bracketed Indicate balances due officers.]
Purchase of settlers' rights at Iwahig
Construction of schoolnou ses act
Construction of schoolhouses act
Buildings and structures at Culion leper colony
Construction and equipment of San Lasaro Insane Hospital.
Construction of hospital at BlUbid Prison
Construction of eovemor^neral's residence at Baguio
Construction of ught^houses, act lUefL
Construction of light-houses, act 1246.
Construction of roads and bridges, act 1
Construction of Paslg River walls, act 660
Construction of abutments for wharves, Manila.
Clearance of Bayabas and Norsagaray rivers.
Post-office wharf, Manila
Dredging Cagayan River.
Cuyo wharf
Anchors and buoys
Completion of Luneta extension fUl
Retaining walls. Luneta extension
Investigation of harbor Improvements
Construction water supply at Culion
Retaining walls at Malacafian
Construction constabulary barracks and quarters
Cebu wharf
Construction Cebu-Toledo trail
Construction Pagbllao-Atlmonan road ,
Construction Taytay-Antlpolo road
A rtesian wells
Assay office, bureau of science
High school building, Bacolod
Vault for court of land registration
Construction of immigration station
Construction of dairy bam, Alabang
Construction of Bsgulo Hospital
Construction of Sibul Springs road
Restoration Msgallanes monument at Iladan, Cebu
Sewer system at Biltbld Prison
Sanitary beds at Bilibld Prison.
0 radi ng ground s. bureau of science.. , ,
Improvements of the port of Manila
Total.
P3(>4.60aoo
4.090.01
31,767.05
66,00a 00
20,00a 00
73,106.41
0,907.27
18,688.40
40.593.10
7.600.00
6,184.30
887.80
6,754.86
27,840.00
10,00a 00
37a 71
2,38a 12
15,000.00
93,500.00
1,00a 00
120,000.00
37,000.00
1,065.00
3,000.00
2,400.00
10,000.00
6.600.00
50,000.00
43,000.00
1,850.00
20,000.00
20,000.00
4, 06a 00
14,717.48
r72.00
26.066.17
2,00a 00
3,987.65
25,00a 00
6,773.80
4,283.52
2, 06a 07
4,007.75
[856.261
[1,008. 67 j
75.71
4,677.28
15,188.75
[3,907.70]
967.50
6,50a00
5,00a 00
'5,'666.'66'
4,614.56
1,033.376.60 111,183.03
P72.00
290,506.17
2,00a 00
4, 99a 01
35.754.60
9i,ooaoo
26,773.80
77.SR8.9S
9,907.27
20.68&47
40,503.19
11,507.75
6,184.10
31.54
4,746.19
75.71
4,677.28
43,02&75
6,792.10
1,334.21
2, 28a 12
i5,aoaoo
100, 00a 00
1,00a 00
5, 00a 00
120,00a 00
5, 00a 00
37,00a 00
1,965.00
3.00a 10
2,4oaoo
laooaoo
6. 60000
5o,ooaoo
43. 00a 00
1.86a 00
30, 00a 00
30. 00a 00
4,oeaoo
19.333.04
1,144,568.63
(5) SELF-SUSTAINING BUREAUS AND PUNDS.
[NoR.^Items bracketed indicate overdrawn appropriation orbalances due officers, as the case maybe.]
Commissary stores (bureau of constabulary)
Marine railway and repair shop (bureau of navigation)
Baguio town-site improvements (bureau of public works) . .
Coal-supply fund (bureau of customs)
Proceeds 01 opium license (bureau of health)
Arrastre plant, Manila (bureau of customs)
Bureau of supply:
Division of supplies
Division of coia stores
Bureau of printing
Bureau of prisons (industrial division)
American circulatixig library (bureau of education)
i
Total.
«21,163.87
64,354.23
(2,304.90
2,329.87
17 'I
5|488.68
1,062,194.33
91.45
153,70a75
85,946.29
382.60
3,150,976.51
no, 899. 94^
[70a54]
3,59a 94^
443.70
20,081.18
81,4ia88
207.683.88
7,402.40
3,835.19
5,806.99
[106.19]
339,294.37
P383,068.81
63.653.69
291.95
Jl,88ai7]
591,314.3$
86,890.56
1,269, 87a 21
7,493.85
157,54L94
91,753.28
276.41
2, 499, 27a 88
REPORT OF AXJDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
497
Abttracl of unexpended balancee of appropriatumg— Continued.
(6) PUBLIC WORKS AND PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT FUND (BOND ISSUE).
[Note.— Item bracketed indicates balance due offloer.]
Treasury.
Otber
officers.
Puerto Prlnoesa caiueway P4,458. 13
Wright-Taft road
ManlU Harbor and Paslg River i ro21,913.14
Improyements, port of Cebu 625, 183. 44
ImproTements, port of lloilo 170,088.04
Light-house construction.
Improvement of Engineer Island.
Marine railway and repair shops. .
BUibid improvements
Benguet Improvements.
4,973.41
7,263.55
13.69
17,079.09
357.65
1,033.96
63,929.38
58a 20
Unappropriated 220, 274. 00
2.23
43,639.73
61,962.92
7,90a50
1, iro. 40
Ouarantlne station, Cebu.
Miscellaneous public works
Maintaining survey parties
Total 2,032,69a 15
84.75
742.35
[192.90]
119,778.11
Totals.
P'4,45&13
2.23
965,552.87
687,146.36
177,98a 64
4, 97a 41
8,443.95
13.69
17,079.69
357.65
1,118.71
64,671.73
387.30
220,274.00
2,152,468.26
(7) CONGRESSIONAL RELIEF FUND.
[Note.— Item bracketed Indicates balances due officers.]
Pasacao-Nueva Caoeres road
Pagbila^Atlmonan road
Capas-O'Donnell road
Bay-Tiaong road
Magdalena-San ta C rus road
Lucena-Sariaya road
Calamba-Los Bafios road
Construction of school buildings
Purchase of farm animals
Cebo-Toledo road .*....
Puidiase of serum cattle
Sale and care of carabao
Relief of inhabitants of Lumbang •. .
Relief of inhabitants of Batanes
Bangued improvements
Relief of Bay fire snllerers
Locust boa rds
Benguet bnptovements
Relief of Ilodo fire sufferera
Relief of families of volunteers, Dsgaroi, Leyte.
Construction Tarlacdike
Relief of inhabitants of Imus, Cavlte
Subject to resolution
Unappropriated
^29. 14
30&00
8,697.31
192.24
57,60a81
29, f 91. 75
174.01
6,074.09
5,389.21 i
2S0.00 t
282.00 .
4.50
350.00 I
2,745.00 '
66.67 I
io,ooaoo I
ri,897.79
6.35
652.90
102.30
3,518.60
10,676.98
2,557.05
[2,244.88]-
L76
Totsl.
19,000.00 .
500.00 .
27,093.82 t.
109,928.91 |.
278,96&06 I
I
Ha 00
^29.14
2,295.79
5.35
652.90
102.30
12,215.91
192.24
57,90a81
40,568.73
2,731.06
6,074.60
3,144.33
26a 00
283.75
4.60
350.00
2,745.00
66.67
10,000.00
140.00
19,000.00
600.00
27,083.82
109,928.91
296,335.90
(8) MISCELLANEOUS LIABILITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT.
Gold stsndard fund
Local currency account
Friar lends fund
Extra services of employees (bureau of customs)
Services of offloera in oonded warehouses (bureau of customs)
Insular money orders (bureau of posts)
Surplus on auction sales (bureau of customs)
Refundable export duties (bureau of customs)
Official checks outstanding
Assurance fund, act 496
Provincial and municipal Internal revenue, tmdistributed
Pension and retirement fund (bureau of constabulary)
Money-order fund (bureau of posts)
Postal savings bank hmd (bureau of postn)
Silver certificates redemption fund
Province of Caplz, school fund
Depository funds
Trust fund:
Schulz
Blair
Interest accrued and unpaid
P524,
50,
706,
1,
809,
10,
20,
50(},
OR,
424,
405,
21,540,
22,
7,912,
053.03
700.07
737.68
774.58
283.85
094.28
0ia06
881.10
244.52
882.37
627.61
998. CO
820.24
000.00
708.00 ,
000.00 I
526.00
ri45,876.45
5,163.85
1,152.59
laoo
21,167.56
248.98
2,161.80
2.682.58
lf.0,204.78
15,081.64
990.00
434.00
136,666.67
328,10a00
Total 33,»»,432.66 681,«>0.23
r 609, 920. 48
50,700.07
711,901.53
2,927.17
298.85
4,00128
l,0ia06
831,048.66
10,244.52
21, 131. 35
508,789.41
101,681. 18
585.025.02
510.061. f 4
21,540,708.00
22,ooaoo
7,912,526.00
990.00
434.00
464,766.67
33,960,282.89
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7-
498
REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSIOK.
Abstract of unexpended balances of appropriations — Continued.
(9) UNEXPENDED BALANCES OF APPROPRIATIONS AND LIABILITIES ON ACCOUNT
OF THE CITY OF MANILA.
[Note.— Items bracketed indicate overdrawn appropriations or balances doe officers, as the caas
may be.]
Totals.
M unicipal board
Law department
Fire department
Police department
City schools V
Assessments and collections
Engineering and public works
Sanitation and transportation
Public works:
Widening streets
Vault in city hall
Fixed charses, interest on sewer and waterworks bonds.
Public worEs from bond issues:
Sewer and waterworks construction
Luneta extension loan
' Sewer and waterworks bonds, sinking fund
Total.. , 3,753,050.92
4,0U,5S0.70
(10) RECAPITULATION OF CASH BALANCES.
Bureaus and ofHcers
Miscellaneous expenses and fixed charges.
Aid to provinces
Public works from insular revenues
Self-sustaining bureaus and funds
-Subtotal ,.
Public works ana permanent improvement fund
Congressional relief fund
Miscellaneous liabilities of the government #.
The city of Manila
Outstanding warrants
Surplus available for appropriation
Total.
P"725,862.98
2d5,41L05
21, 83a 61
1,033,370.60
2,150,076.51
r445,87460
26,796.64
4,236,467.65
2,032,600.16
278,968.06
33,268,432.66
3,753,060.92
278,272.91
6.269,809.69
50,117,681.94
111,182.03
839,20137
923,149.64
119,778.11
17,367.84
681.8fla23
281,606.78
462,019.09
2,466,673.60
Pl,171,7J7.«
S22,209l60
21. 83a 61
1.144 6a&6S
2. «0, 27a 88
6. 160, 607. 29
2,152,468.26
296,335i90
33,880,282.80
4,014,699.70
278,272.91
6,731,82&68
12,663,366.63
BEPOBT OF AUDITOB FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
499
s i o
S t u
Q ^ 5
& M ^
3
Its
5S
f
til
1 J .„
600
BEFOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
•8
1
4
1
1
^
%
^
?
H
c
%
^
O
1
7^
1
H-l
5S
oo«o
sass
£-^=
3^2
• eoro
ttti
ssss
88a
8388
^St
^8©
33
8'2
5S§ :^
gi
S2S9S832
g g g e« « aje* »^
8*
3e«i«oe»c9io
o ire
r
iif
oo
.t:
s
00
•s
I
1
s i I
g 8
c I
ill
is:* ....
2&J
zl S O
BEPOBT OF AUDITOB.FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
501
:S :
:8SS
«;« :
:SS
C«
S8 :
:S555S
5? : : : :
igi
\m
Ml
i§
u
ggi
i^ig :g : : ! :
:-» :
:-*-"^
\^
©--r :
:s^-«
« : : : :
9S ^;3
i^ si
:5 :
:« :
:2SS
i 2-
So
g :
s^s
§1 5js«
Ifeailliljyiiliiiillli
502
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
is
i H
E oo"
I «
^ w
"O So
•■■OS
Is
s
gs
E"
I ^
S 8
i i
2"s
S S
1^ '^
i i
m
ON V
39^ *
I
I
I
I
s ® .
9 «a r
^6
-28,
?
8
^
8*
aj • O
I ilisiiiiii
sa gs
ja
BEPOBT OF AUDITOR FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
508
7i
i
CO-
c
i
I
o
■c
xf
^
o
u
H
o
6 25
'C U
i s
r w
I
39
Si
Q
■n
qqS
I
i
"2 S
H
® _ S 0,
" 08 c
ills
S 9SSo
>oco
^ tCooo
9
Sg
,43
II li
III ifll
so"
l|
!||1SI
604
BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
BEPOBT OF AUDITOR FOB PHILIPPINB INLANDS.
505
cS
g
S
3
S
i
S
^
i
5
S3S
3«
II
3 0 f
S&3
It
IS
III
2s?§
Iplllllf
^Ji
.8
O
55
Ed
a
H
PES
Cd
Q
OQ
M
p
M
»
II
11
II
©5
as esse 1^
if
14
3 C
606
REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
nil
m
k
9A0
"•2
4l
i
s
S88«it
I
m
I
- J?
'^H.
s scses
ii mm
58 sastssf
QQptS
■z: * ft
Iplll
a'S)
I
a
BEPOET OF AUDITOR FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
507
S 8
t i
s s
S3
u
• m
II
It
S8 RSSSoS
8:s
3
S-8
llili.
1
111!
ijli
Q to
Ogcr.
Ss|
Is!
Ill
a
r
o
I
aos8
8^
&
I-
9 O
tj-c
SO,
Si ,
^1
508
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
1
!
1
SAg
111
Iri
D
llal
If!
I
9 SSfSSt:
828 S
^ = ^ ^
s
lilll
22
4
ol2
BEPOBT OF AUDITOR FOB FHILIPPINB ISLANDS.
509
-S2 3 S
8 888SS9
_ ^ ^' 2 ?: ^ g •
I
t
i
•s-s
IS
II
S SSSS "m
If
000
510
REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Pi
Q
•-»
H
w
H
CO
»
Q
H
flu
X
H
■53 ^d
■c
p«
^ is
■§
■3
a
11
I °
'I
21:3 § :|£ 3
pig 2-52 g
BSPOBT OF AUBITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
511
Statement oj
jf income and expenditaree of the ineulearaovernmentfor the jUcal years
June SO, 1907 and 7906— Continued.
ended
(8) MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURES.
Fiscal year
1907.
Fiscal year
Increase.
Decrease.
Fidelity bond premiums .•
r23,fl33.17
t72,7ia50]
121, 34a 69
8.052.21
8,613.63
5,200.74
405.00
1,320.00
2,314.65
19,240.74
2,348.78
3a 00
056.91
493.95
16,199.83
1153.09)
3,500.00
716.00
224.90
12,374.66
32L87
S20.74
General purpoaes, mteoeUaneous expenses of per-
RonnAl, •<« , , -
Payments to contract steamships
1 '•'
Pay of Cavite police
OoUACting lATMni for CAiliAn co)nny ^
I
Exposition board '.
Extra compensation of treasury examinen
Aid to economic association of the PhUippines. . . .
Arrastre plant, J old
1.. .
1
Bengfiiet improVftment* ^ ,,,,-,., ^
Expenses Bumham and Anderaon
ExDenses Conffrevstonal T>artv
Purchase of Formosa eggs
Reimbursement to municipality of Borongan,
gamar
Payments to Sultan of Sulu et al
Sates of rice, Act 495
Relief of Bias Cabrera et al
Transportation of bodies from National Cemetery.
Philippine census
Reimbursement of Hagonoy municipality
Reimbursement of municipality of Mavitac
Miscellaneous, prior fiscal years
'
154,253.79
^101,368.49
P52,885.30
Fixed charges:
Interest on public works and permanent im-
provements bonds-
Fiscal year 1906
101,065.00
282,775.00
Fiscal year 1907
383,84a 00
198,935.00
416,240.00
1,522,896.22
184.906.00
Difference between the amount collected from
nnts of the friar lands and the interest due upon
the bonds in fiscal year 1907 was charged to the
unexpended balance of oroceeds of the bond
issue; has been corrected by appropriate legis-
lation in fiscal year 1908 and the funds raim-
bursed for all expenditures therefrom not prop-
erly chargeable to the purchases of lands
^416,240.00
Contribution to the City of Manila
1,111,955.87
410,940.35
Total miscellaneous '
1,650,049.66
2, 239, 439. 71
237,79a30 A97.ian.2M
(9) AID TO PROVINCES.
Administrative expenses:
Benguet
Lepanto-Bontoc
Mindoro
Nueva ViEcaya
Palawan
Abra, cancellation of loan.
Miscellaneous
Payments in lieu of land tax:
Albay
Ambos Camarlnes
Antique
Bataan
Batangas
Bohol
Bulacan
Cagayan
Caplz
Cavite
Cabu
Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Sur
Ilollo
Isabela
La Laguna
La Union
Leyte
rX,9Q0.00
25,350.00
28,500.00
20,600.00
18, 07a 00
346.15
124, 59a 19
43,834.86
11.658.87
13,341.24
65,044.44
11,407.41
109,294.29
49, 178. 88
29, 159. 73
64,700.55
73,324.89
23,947.83
76,494.06
78,995.52
13,758.75
154,588.28
50,067.18
67,476.60
r 19, 909. 15
29,250.00
41,700.00
17,500.00
23,160.00
14,497.13
78,854.66
83,050.91
29,223.27
7,772.53
8,894.22
43,362.91
7,604.96
72,862.85
32,785.93
19,439.78
43,133.69
48,883.15
15,965.27
50,995l99
52,663.63
9, 172. 46
104,815.42
33,37&12
44,96137
r9oa85
3,100.00
41,530.28
14,611.60
3,886.34
4,447.02
21,681.53
3,802.45
36, 431. 44
16,392.95
9,719.95
21,566.86
24,441.74
7,982.56
25,49&07
26,331.80
4,586.29
49,772.86
16,680.06
22,402.23-
r3,900.00
13,200.00
6,090.00
14,150.08
78,854.66
512
BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Statement of incoine and expenditiares of the ineular government for the JUcal years ended
June SO, 1907 and 1906— Contiaued.
(») AID TO PROVINCES-Contlnned.
Fiscal year
1907.
Payments In lieu of land tax— Continued. |
Misamis r24,7e3.16
NuevaEcija
Occidental Negros.
Oriental Negros. . .
Pampanga.
PangiEMinan.
rIeS
Romblon
Sorsogon.
Surigao.,
Tanac...
•Tayabas..
aSambales.
Total 2,114,610.17
47,023.20
86,803.92
28,139.40
156,197.34
134,874.54
77,799.46
9,324.90
32,4n.l3
74,817.45
23,129.28
189,684.54
15,616.62
Fiscal year
1906.
ri6,fioa.io
31,94&88
57,860.23
18,750.64
104,131.53
80,916.40
50, 109. 78
6,216.56
21,651.41
49,878.31
15,419.53
25,579.66
126,456.41
10,411.00
Increase. Decrease.
r8,254.05
15,974.41
28,984.60
9,379.76
5S,065l81
44,958wl4
27,680.68
3,108.34
10,825.72
24,939.14
7,709.75
12,780.77
63,228.13
5,206.53
1,558,815.03 670,028.88 ,P115,195.64
(10) CAPITAL EXPENDITURES.
Public works from ineular revenues.
Purchase of real eetate adjoining exposition barracks 1^21, 028. 75
Purchase of settlers' rights at Iwahig 1, 007. 80
Construction of schoolnouses 9, 433. 83
Buildingjs and structures at Culion leper colony 4, 141. 52
Installation of electric plant at Bilibid Prison 328. 95
Construction and equipment of San Lazaro Insane Hospital 19, 245. 40
Construction of hospital at Bilibid Prison 9,000.00
Construction of governor-general's residence at Baguio 3, 226. 20
Construction of light-houses. 22, 611. 07
Construction of roads and bridges, act 1 5, 949. 93
Construction of Pasig River walls, act 669 82, 569. 09
Construction of abutments for wharves, Manila 3, 492. 25
Clearance of Bayabas and Norzagaray rivers 1, 415. 70
Post-oflace whart, Manila 968.46
Dredging the Cagayan River .' 1, 253. 81
Cuyo wharf 11. 04
Anchors and buoys 3. 62
Completion of fiuneta extension fill 91, 276. 25
Retaining walls, Luneta extension 3, 207. 70
Investigation of harbor improvements 3, 665. 79
Construction water-supply system at Culion leper colony 7, 719. 88
Improvements of the port of Manila (refunds) [19, 261. 84]
Total •-. 272,294.20
Note. — Items bracketed indicate refunds to expenditures. ^
BEFOBT OF AtJDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISXAND8.
518
Statement of income and expenditures of the insular government for the fiscal years ended
June SOy 1907 and 1906 — Continued.
(11) LOANS TO PROVINCES.
Loans.
Sorsogdn.
Nueva Edja
Oriental NegToa..
Cebfl
Tarlac
Bataan
Albay
Laguna
Tayabas
Riaal
Total.
CUSRENT ACCOUNTS.
If oro Province, customs expenses advanced
City of Manila, reduction oi the account during the year.
Total.
APPBOPBIATIONB OF WOBKINO CAPITAL FOB SELr-BUSTAnONO
BUBEAU8.
Bureaa of printing.
Bureau of prisons, industrial division
Bureau of supply:
Supplies division..
CouiHitorage division.
Total.
r 20, 000. 00
Paid.
Net charge
to surplus.
6,000.00 !
25.00a00 I
60.000.00 I
60,000.00
76,000.00
246,00a00
Dr.
P4,80S.n
^6,000.00 !
4,ooaoo
7,ifoaoo
fio,ooaoo
'
1
1
1
::::::::: ::::l:
67,soaoo n78,6oaoo
Cr.
^403,137.01
4,305.77 403,137.01
Appropria-
tions.
r50.000.00
61,668. 15
111,668.15
Reversions.
^1,234.84
[488,742.14]
24,0ea44
48,090.44
74,306.72
37,362.43
(12) 8U1CMARY OF TRANSACTIONS AFFECTING THE AVAILABLE SURPLUS.
By surplus June 30, 1906:
Appropriated r4, 642, 114. 94
Availaole for appropriation 1, 528, 954. 91
Revenues, fiscal year 1907 —
Customs 16,592,447.28
Internal revenue 5, 369, 149. 24
franchises 51, 661. 29
Miscellaneous 771,256.74
Dr.
Other receipts affecting the sur-
plus—
City of Manila, account cur-
rent 493,137.91
Capital operations, excess of
receipts 1, 414, 443. 21
To expenditurea fiscal year 1907:
Executive department 1, 116, 208. 34
Department of the interior 2, 158, 528. 26
Department of commerce and po-
lice 5, 513, 124. 87
Department of finance and jus-
tice 1, 589, 481. 63
Department of public instruction 3, 881, 141 . 18
The judiciary 489, 055. 73
Miscellaneous general expenses. . 154. 253. 79
Fixed charges 383,840.00
Contribution to the city of Ma-
nila 1,111,955.87
11024--WAR 1907— VOL 7 33
Cr.
r6, 171, 069. 85
22,784,514.55
1,907,581.12
614 BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Statement of income and expenditures of the insular government for the fiscal years endei
Jitne SO, 1907 and 1906 — Continued.
(12) SUMMARY OF TRANSACTIONS AFFECTING THE AVAILABLE SURPLUS-Gan.
To expenditures fiscal year 1907 —
Continued: Dr. Or.
Aid to provinces T2, 114, 549. 17
Public works from revenue 272, 294. 20
ns, 784, 433. 04
Other disbursements affecting
the surplus —
Loans to provinces 178, 500. 00
Accoimts current 4, 395. 77
182,895.77
Deductions from income, bad
debts, and payments of moneys
wrongfully covered into the
treasury 4,400.74
To surplus forward to fiscal year 1908:
Appropriated 5, 159, 607. 29
Available for appropriation 6, 731, 828. 68
11, 891, 435. 97
30, 863, 165. 52 30, 863, 165. 52
(13) THE SURPLUS ACCOUNT, AVAILABLE FOR APPROPRIATION.
By balances June 30, 1906: Dr. Cr.
In the treasury ^1, 193, 657. 34
In the hands of collecting officers . 335, 297 . 57
n, 528, 954. 91
Revenues fiscal year 1907 22,784,514.55
Reversions of unexpended bal-
ances 1,239,671.89
Reduction of city of Manila debt 493, 137. 91
To appropriations and restorations
dunng fiscal year 1907 ri9, 314, 450. 58
Balances forward to fiscal year 1908:
In the treasury 6,269,809.59
In the hands oi collecting officers. 462, 019. 09
6,731,828.68
26,046,279.26 26,046,279.26
Schedule C.
capital operations.
Under this caption are grouped those reimbursable appropriations for specific pur-
poses whose transactions under existing law do not ordinarily affect the surplus avail-
able for appropriation, with one exception, the cold-storage division of the bureau of
supply. In this case the net profits are carried to the account miscellaneous revenue.
Practically all liabilities of these fimds are included in the statements submitted here-
with, so that the cash balance as shown, plus the value of the plant and stores, relia-
ble figures for which are not available, represent the real value of the fund.
During this fiscal year there was appropriated as additional working capital for the
bureau of printing the sum of P* 50,000 and for the industrial division of the bureau of
Erisons and the carabao cart fund the sum of ^61.868.15, while from the funds of the
ureau of printing there was reverted to the surplus the sum of ^1,234.84, from the
bureau of supply (supplies division) the sum of ^"24,980.44, and from the cold-storage
division of tne same bureau the sum of P'48,090.44, all reversions being balances of
?rior-year appropriations. These transactions caused a net charge to surplus of
*'37,362.43. (See p. 513.) The cold-storage division produced a net revenue (see
revenues) to the government of 1^332,313.55, but as yet no reserve has been set apart
to cover the depreciation of the plant. This should be done to the end that the reve-
nue may be constant, otherwise a laige appropriation for reconstruction will become
necessary within a few years.
Some provision should be made either for the return of unnecessary funds to the
surplus or a reduction of charees to other bureaus and the public to avoid the locking
up m the treasury of capital beyond the actual needs of tne bureau for working pur-
posee.
REPOBT OF AXXPITOB FOE FHILIPPIKB I8LAKD6. 616
DKPARTMSKT OV TBK IKTSBXOS.
(1) PrveeedB <^ Opium lieemet.
[CoUections by bureftu of internal revenue; expenditures by bureau of health.]
Under the piovisionB of act No. 1461, an act for the purpoae of reetricttng the sale
and use of opium until March 1, 1908, when ita importation or use for any but medicinal
purposes Lb forbidden by act of Congress, taxes are collected and the jnoceeds dis-
tributed as follows:
(1) To municipalities in which collected: Chinese opium users' certificates of
registration, 1^5 each.
(2) To opium func^, act No. 1461: License tax on wholesale and retail dealers,
intemal-revenue tax on opiimi in the islands April 1, 1906, on imports of opium, ana
on the preparation of opium.
This special fund must be devoted solely to the following purposes:
(1) The printing and dissemination among the people of imormation as to the evils
resulting from the use of opium.
(2) The payment of the reasonable expenses, in some reputable hospital, of those
desiring to cure themselves of the opium nabit.
(3) 'nie x>ayment of the expenses of such Filipino students as may be sent by the
insulargovemment to the Umted States for education.
J 4^ The payment of salaries of Filipinos who have been appointed insular teachers.
5) The construction of schoolhouses and school buildings in the various munici-
ities of the islimds, provided that 25 per cent of all fines imposed by reason of
violations of Uiis act shall be paid to the person who furnished the original evidence,
and substantiated it, which led to the detection of the offense and the imposition of
Uie fine. The name of the informer shall be specified in the judgment of the court
when conviction is had in the court.
J
palitu
Debit. I Credit.
By balADoe in the fund Jdne 30, 1906 ' ^53,206^ 28
Beoeiptfl during the year I fi38,|{a6.09
To enwnditUTBs:
Hospital expenwfl for opium patients < ^338. 30
Rewards to informers W. 62
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908..
591,314.36
£01,743.27
501,743.27
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND POLICE.
(2) Manne railway and repair shops (bureau of navigation).
Balance in the fund June 30, 1906 ^34,953.68
Receipts during the year -. 191, 050. 60
Expenditures during the year T 162, 350. 39
BsOance forward to fiscal year 1908 63, 653. 69
226,004.08 226,004.08
(3) Commissary stores (bureau of constabulary).
Babmce in the fund June 30, 1906 r204,577.99
Receipts during the year 92, 342. 00
Expenditures during the year ^"64, 866. 18
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 232, 053. 81
296,919.99 296,919.99
The balance of sales supplies in the hands of officers on June 30, 1907, was:
(4) Baguio toum site improvement fund {bureau of public works).
Receipts from sales of lots F21, 617. 51
Expenditures r 21, 325. 56
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 291. 95
21,617.51 21,617.5;
i
516 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND JUSTICE.
(5) Coal supply fund {bureau of customs).
Balance in the fundJune 30, 1906 n, 074.59
Receipts during the year 145, 164. 84
Eiroenditures during the year ^148, 125. 60
Balance overdrawn June 30, 1907 1, 886. 17
148,125.60 148,125.60
There were 4,465^VW ^^^ of coal valued at ^58,758.88 oi\ hand at the variouB
stations June 30, 1907.
(6) Arrastre plants Manila.
Balance in the fund June 30, 1906 f63,846.36
Receipts during the year 110. 963.41
Expenditures dfuring the year:
Operation —
Salaries and wages rsi, 195.01
Miscellaneous expenHes 2, 404. 24
Maintenance 447. 95
Supplies 3,863.01
r87,910.21
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 86,899.56
174,809.77 174,809.77
DEPARTMENT OF PUBUC INSTRUCTION.
(7) Bureau of education.
American circulating library, purchase of books:
Balance in the fund June 30, 1906 ^"3, 393. 16
Receipts during the year 2, 683. 65
Expenditures during the year ^"5, 700. 40
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 276.41
5,976.81 5,976.81
(8) Bureau of printing.
Balance in the fund June 30, 1906 P'79, 990. 84
Receipts during the year 466, 016. 10
Appropriation, act 1527 50, 000.00
Expenditures during the year:
Permanent improvements 1^*6, 870. 42
Operation —
Salaries and wages 247, 065. 37
MiscellaneouH expenses 15, 379. 52
* Maintenance 5, 131. 62
Supplies 118,771.99
Undistributed expenditures 34, 010. 24
r427,229.16
Reversion U) general fund 1, 234. 84
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 157, 541. 94
586,005.94 586,005.94
Besides the cai<h balan<H^ hen* nhown the bureau had current assets on June 30,
1907, as follows:
Supplies ni5,120.92
Salable sU)ck forms 36, 594. 78
and accounts receivable, amount not shown by the books of this office.
B^POBt OF AUbiTOR FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 517
(9) Industrial divisum and earabao cart fund (bureau of prisons). .
Balance in the fund June 30, 1906 F'18,049.32
Appropriationa:
Carabao cart fund 11,668.15
Act 1527 50,000.00
Receiptfl durinfl; the year 108,312.29
Expenditures during the year:
Operation —
Salaries and wages P'60, 606. 95
Miscellaneous expenses 7, 666. 97
Maintenance : 149. 20
Supplies 27, 853. 36
^96,276.48
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 91, 753. 28
188,029.76 188,029.76
The supplies used by this division are carried in the accounts of the prison division,
but this division had sales stock on hand June 30, 1907, to the amount of ^26,752:56.
(10) Bureau of supply ^ supply division.
Balance in the fund June 30, 1906 ^523,059.47
Receipts from sales of supplies during the year 3, 929, 926. 35
Expenditures during the year:
Operation —
Salaries and wages ^246,063.49 '
Miscellaneous expenses 64, 416. 99
Maintenance 106. 11
Supplies 13,454.55
Uncfistributed expenses 4, 629. 98
?"328,661.12
Purchase of supplies 2, 829, 466. 05
Reversion to general fund 24, 980. 44
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 1,269,878.21
4,462,985.82 4,452,985.82
Besides the cash balance alx)ve set forth, this division had on June 30, 1907, sales
stock to the amount of y*!, 222,494.30, and account* receivable, amount not shown by
the books of this office:
(11) Bureau of supply, cold-starage dininon.
Balance in the fund June 30, 1906 r65, 313. (55
Receipts durine the year 629, 488. 74
Expenditures during the year:
Operation —
Salaries and wages P'117,213.77
Miscellaneous expenses 36, 526. 12
Maintenance 20, 118. 32
Supplies 129,781.89
Unaistributed expenditun* 3, 264. 45
^306,904.55
Profit on operation for the year, credited to income of the
insular government as miscellaneous revenue 332, 313. 56
Reversion to general fund 48, 090. 44
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 7,493.85
694,802.39 694,802.39
618
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPIKE OOMBnSSIOV.
(12) SUICMARY OF CAPITAL OPERATION&
[Itemi In braoketa are exoesB receipts over pay men ta; those not in biaoketa are ezoen paymflata ov«r
receipts.]
Payments.
Reoetpts.
Department of oommeroe and poUoe:
Commlssaiy stores (bureau of constabulary)
Marine railway and rejiair shop (bureau of navigation)
Baguio town-site improvements (bureau of public
works)
Department of finance and Justice:
Coal-supply fund (bureau of customs)
Proceedsofopium Uoenses (bureau of internal revenue) .
Arrastre plant. Manila (bureau of customs)
Department of public instruction:
Purchase of supplies (bureau of supply)
Division of cola storage (bureau of supply) .
Bureau of printing.
Purchase of books, American circulating library (bureau
of education)
Industrial division (bureau of prisons)
P64,86A-18
162,350.39
21,S2ft.86
148,125.60
428.92
87,910.21
3,158,127.17
306,904.55
427,229.16
5,700.40
96,276l48
^92.343. 00
191,06a 50
21,617.51
145.16184
538,536l99
110,963.41
3,929,926.35
a297,175Ll9
466,016.10
2,583.65
106,31X29
Total.
4,479,244.62
5,893,687.83
rtZ7.47&82]
P8,7oan]
[291.95]
2,960.76
(538,108.07]
(23, 053.201
(771,799.18]
9.729.36
(28,78Sl94]
3, 11& 75
[12.035.81]
[1,414,443.21]
a Exclusive of the amount covered into the treasury as miscellaneous revenues.
Schedule D.
CONORKS8IONAL RELIEF FUND.
By act of Congress approved March 3, 1903, the sum of $3^000,000, United Stattf
currency, was appropriated for relief of distress in the Philippine TaUnHa^ to be
expended under tne direction and in the discretion of the Philippine government in
such proportion as they deem wise, in the direct purchase and aistribution or sale of
farm implements, farm animals, and supplies and necessaries of life, and through the
employment of labor in the construction of government wagon roads and other public
works. The act further provides that the governor-general of the Philippines shall
submit to the Secretary of War a statement of all expenditures under this mnd.
The sum appropriated was transmitted to the treasurer of the Philippine Islands
and taken into the account of insular funds as 7*6,000,000. As contemplated by the
appropriating act, and for the purpose of making the reports required thereunder, the
identity of the fund has been maintained and expenditures made therefrom have been
segregated from the ordinary expenses of the ^vemment.
The procedure inaugurated by the Philippine Commission as to the disposition of
this fund was to set apart by means of appropriation acts specific sums for specific
purposes, such as public works, etc., as well as amounts for expenditures unoer the
direction of the governor-general in such manner as might from time to time be author-
ized by resolution of the Commission.
The following statement of accounts shows the expenditures from the fund, as
audited, during the fiscal year 1907. The balance shown as the liability of the insular
government represents cash in the insular treasury and balances in the hands of col-
lecting and disDursing oflficers:
Balance in the fund June 30, 1906 1^486,895.06
By receipts:
Loan to Bohol repaid 18, 383. 71
Relief inhabitants of Batanes repaid 584. 50
Sale and care of carabao 11, 606. 87
To expenditures:
Piigbilao- Atimonan road 1^*40, 029 . 22
Capas-O'Donnell-Iba road 6,947.31
Bay-Tiaong road 11, 739. 13
ICagdalena-Santa Cruz road 411. 25
Lucena-Saria^ road 2, 100. 47
Calamba-Los Bafioe road 6. 56
Cebu-Toledo road 45, 709. 73
Benguet improvements and road 205. 04
Construction of school buildings 36, 727. 47
Veterinary service, inoculation of carabao and
cattle 21,726.87
BEPORT OF AUDITOR FOR PHIUPPINE ISLANDS. 519
To expenditures— Continued.
Expenses of serum, inoculation of carabao and
catUe r925.31
Sale and care of carabao 3, 767. 06
Relief of inhabitants of —
San Mateo 173.82
Samar 4,495.00
Isabela 4,000.00
Cagayan 12,000.00
Baler and Canguren 2,000.00
Sanlsidro 600.00
Relief of families of volunteers of Dagami,
Leyte 360.00
Relief of inhabitants of—
Culasi 600.00
Diralupijan 500. 00
Expenses locust board 210.00
School teachers' salaries, Cagayan 15, 000. 00
Construction of Tarlac dike 10, 000. 00
To balance forward to fiscal year 1908 296,335.90
616,470.14 F-516,470.14
This fund has assets in the form of loans to provinces (not included in above state-
ment) as follows:
Albay ^65,000.00
B ulacan 10, 000. 00
Cavite 26,000.00
IlocosSur 19,333.33
Romblon 6, 000. 00
Total •. 125,333.33
Schedule E.
THE GOLD STANDARD FUND, BUREAU OF THE TREASURY.
Balance in the fund June 30, 1906 r2, 687, 356. 97
Certificates of indebtedness outstanding June 30, 1906 3, 000, 000. 00
Receipts during the year:
Sale of sixth series certificates of indebtedness 2, 000, 000. 00
Premiums on same 45, 600. 00
Coin received from United States mints 5, 335, 000. 00
Interest on deposits 152,648.18
Interest on deposits accrued to June 30 72, 479. 40
Premiums on exchange 118, 353. 12
Sale of proof sets 300.00
Seized funds 130.00
Local currency transferred from that account 108, 915. 67
Local currency transferred to that account 1P"60, 718. 05
Expenditures during the year:
Fifth series certificate of indebtedness paid ... 3, 000, 000. 00
Coin shipped to United States mints 8, 063, 807. 70
Bullion purchased 1, 310, 765. 64
Mutilated coin purchased 83. 11
Copper coin purchased 283.32
Coinage expenses 158, 810.00
Printing currency 108, 040. 04
Interest on certificates of indebtedness. 96, 816. 67
Freight and insurance, United States ship-
ments 21, 481 . 82
Miscellaneous expenses 30, 047. 61
Balances —
Insular treasurer IP'531, 521. 82
Other officers 138, 407 . 66
Forward to fiscal year 1908 669, 929.48
13, 620, 783. 34 13, 620, 783. 34
520 BEPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE GOMMIBSIOK.
Loral currency account.
rfH. Pfa.
Balance June 30, 1906 132,484.23
Purchased during the year 80, 149.41
Sold during the year 63,773.55
TranBf erred to Philippine currency account 82, 950. 00
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908.. 65,916.09
212,633.64 212,633.64
Book value of balance in Philippine currency ^"50, 700. 07
United States minti account.
By new coin received during the year ^5, 335, 000. 00
To old coin shipped during the year P'8, 063, 807. 70
To bullion delivered during the year 1, 310, 765. 64
By balance due 4, 039, 573. 34
9, 374, 573. 34 9, 374, 573. 34
• Schedule F.
the friar-lands fund.
Under authority of sections 63, 64, and 65 of the act of Congress of July 1. 1902, the
Philippine government was empowered to issue bonds for the purpose of providing
funds to acquire by purchase certain lands in the Philippine Islands eeneraUy known
as the friar lands. The operations under the fund derived from the aale uf bonds
and collections from rental of the lands after purchase were as follows:
By amount received from sale of bonds f 14, 000, 000. 00
By premiums received on same * 1, 060, 780. 00
By rents, etc., collected in fiscal year 1906 ^ 98, 661. 30
By rents, et<\, collected in fiscal year 1907 226,781.25
By interest on deposits in fiscal year 1907 26, 100. 36
By suspense, differences in prior fiscal years 147, 364. 16
To amounts paid for purchase of lands and expenses
of surveys, etc., fiscal year 1905 ^6, 839, 776. 50
To amounts paid for purcnase of lands and expenses
of surveys, etc., fiscal year 1906 7, 055, 230. 68
To amounts paid for purcnase of lands and expenses
of surveys, etc., fiscal year 1907 8, 250. 03
To amount paid for interest cm the lx)nds in fiscal
year 1906 138, 090. 00
To amount paid for interest on the bonds in fiscal
year 1907 806,428. 33
To balance forward to fiscal yetir 1908 711, 901. 53
1 5, 559, 677. 07 15, 559, 677. 07
Payments of interest inadvertently made from the principal of this fund have been
adjusted by appropriate legislation in the fiscal year 1908, as well aa the return of
P* 365, 000 appropriated from this fund for administrative purposes. To show the
correct administrative expenditures, entries were made adjusting the last-named
item and included in this statement of the account.
Schedule G.
public works and permanent improvements from proceeds of bonds iflsubd.
Under authority of the Congress of the United States contained in section 2 of the
act of February 6, 1905, the insular government has incurred a bonded debt of
r7,000,000 ($3,500,000 United States currency) for the construction of port and
harbor works, bridges, roads, buildings for provincial and municipal schools, court-
BEPORT OF AUDITOR FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 521
houses, and other public improvements for the development of the Philippine IslandR.
The operations of the fund so established have been as follows:
Proceeds first issue of bonds F5, 000, 000. 00
Premiums on same 460, 608. 70
Proceed9 second issue of bonds 2, 000, 000. 00
Premiums on same ^. 167, 494. 00
Expenditures:
Wright-Taf t road—
1905 ^20,064.58
1906 76,084.79
1907 16,848.40
Manila Harbor and Pasig River —
1905 821,940.46
1906 1,863,782.35
1907 2^2,138.94
Improvements, port of C-ebu —
1905 4,964.21
1906 243,337.36
1907 286,072.07
Improvements, port of Iloilo —
1905 43,146.13
1906 207,651.44
1907 224,213.89
Parafiaque Bridge, 1905 13, 000. 00
SiUng Road Bridge, 1905 10, 600. 00
Construction of light-houses —
1905 67,076.55
1906 137,097.51
1907 20,852.53
Improvements of Engineers Island —
1905 880.69
1906 12,129.13
1907 9,546.23
* Marine railway and repair shop —
1905 12,225.20
1907 1,761.11
Improvements, Bilibid Prison —
1906 40,680.63
1907 42,239.68
Benguet improvements—
1905 408,346.49
1906 16,295.86
Quarantine station, (-ebu—
1905 10.00
1906 15,640.06
1907 1,954.38
Calamba-Ijos Bafios road —
1906 52,438.22
1907 7,161.78
Causewav and wharf, Puerto Princesa, 1907. . . 5, 541. 87
Baguio-Trinidad road —
1906 1,191.65
1907 1,308.35
Maintenance of survey parties —
1906 17,824.60
1907 17,788.10
Loan to city of Manila, 1905 350, 000. 00
Miscellaneous public works —
1905 74,242.02
1906 41,209.50
1907 7,347.68
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 —
Appropriated 1, 932, 194. 26
Unappropriated 220,274.00
7, 628, 102. 70 7, 628, 102. 70
522
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE C0MMI8SI0K.
I
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SEFOBT or AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 628
(1) PROVINCIAL AND MUNICIPAL INTERNAL REVENUE.
By the proviflions of act 1189, which established the present aystem of internal-
revenue taxation^ a definite proportion of the tax was assigned to the provinces and
municipalities, distributable upon the basis of population. The following account is
of that portion which pertains to the provinces and municipalities.
All 01 the balance in the account pertains to the provinces and municipalities as the
city of Manila proportion was credited to its revenue account as of June 30, 1907:
June 30, 1906, by balance r&96,266.46
By collections:
Albay 101,838.14
Ambos Camarines 95,000.46
Antique 28, 088. 26
Bataan 19,897.62
Batangas 76,794.71
Benguet 2,367.38
Bohol 67,083.90
Bulacan 149,831.33
Cagayan 67,326.08
Capiz 60,630.99
Cavite 49,966.53
Cebu 226,256.02
Ilocos Norte 46,771.32
IlocosSur 86,266.76
Iloilo 141,800.63
IsabeU 33,792.30
LaLaguna 68,654.51
La Union 36,927.32
Lepanto-Bontoc 12, 794. 41
Leyte 191,059.76
Mindoro 12,202.97
Misamis 52, 890. 76
Moro 50,508.88
NuevaEciia//.^J!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!]!!!!!!! 39^129*82
NuevaViscaya 6,766.10
Occidental Negros...: 99,348.77
Oriental Negros 58,625.71
Palawan 9, 445. 48
Pampanga 109, 077. 17
Pangasinan 172,174.68
Rizsa 62,961.58
Romblon 18,547.12
Samar 100,957.31
Sorsogon 77,122.66
Surigao 37,012.23
Tarlac 52,458.72
Tayabas 88,328.01
Zambales...... 19,296.71
Manila 1, 327, 220. 60
To payments:
Albay ^ ^114,241.44
Ambos Camarines 121,727.77
Antique 57, 365. 09
Bataan 26,537.14
Batangas 143,803.03
Benguet 6,437.31
Bohol 128,998.22
BuhMan Ill, 937. 03
Cagayan 79,68L19
Capiz 106,771.38
Cavite « 67,987.38
Cebu 338,908.97
Ilocos Norte 91,702.64
IlocosSur 126,908.77
Iloilo 204,206.36
laabeU 48,708.42
624 BEPOM dl* THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSIOif.
To payments — Continued.
LaLaffuna ^93,990.04
LaUmon 67,265.60
Lepanto-Bontoo 34, 643. 54
Leyte 261,427.51
Mindoro 19,384.62
Misamis 89, 005. 98
Moro 128,870.72
Masbate 70.04
Nueva Ecija 57, 330. 84
Nueva Viflcaya 20,274.20
Occidental NegroB 160,448.18
Oriental Negroe 101,763.44
Palawan 16, 836.82
Pampanga 104, 917. 59
Pangaainan 229,459.65
Rizfl 82,794.75
Romblon 28, 490. 56
Samar 146,791.86
Soreogon 99, 878 . 94
Surigao 56,397.86
Tarlac 71, 087.23
Tayabas 123, 711. 11
Zambales 28,809.79
Manila 255,085. 97
Repayments and allowances 71. 77
Balance forward to fiscal year 1908 508,789.41
4,552,520.16 P'4,552,520.16
(2) INTERK8T ACCRUED AND UNPAID.
To get true statistical results, interest is credited to this account as earned and the
corresponding expense account is charged, payments by the disbursing officer being
thereafter charged to this fund. For example, the interest accruing on the friar
lands bonds during the year was ^560,000 (4 per cent on F14,000,000), yet the pay-
ments of interest actually made during the fiscal year were ^553,000, of which some
^93,333. 33 pertained to the prior fiscal year, and no account was had of the same
amount accruing during May and June of 1907. The payments chaiged cover all
interest to June 30, 1907, and subsequent charges will oe for the exact amount of
interest accrued during the year plus expenses of transmission of the funds to the
United States and will afford reliable data for the budget.
By friar lands bonds to June 30, 1907 ^249,353.33
By gold standard certificates to June 30, 1907 6, 666. 67
By public works and permanent improvement bonds June 30, 1907 . . . 101, 260. 00
By sewer and waterworks bonds to June 30, 1907 107, 486. 67
To balance forward to fiscal year 1908 ^464, 766. 67
464,766.67 464,766.67
(3) MONEY-ORDER FUND (BUREAU OP POSTS).
By balance June 30, 1906 P-l, 252, 779. 64
By receipts:
Amount of orders issued during the year 6, 458, 892. 18
Amount of fees received 39, 317, 18
Payments:
To amount of orders paid and redeemed during
the year r4, 423, 977. 90
To amount remitted to the Post-Office Depart-
ment at Washington against orders drawn upon *
the United States 2, 700, 000. 00
To amount deposited to the credit of invalid
money orders 2, 51L 92
To amount transferred to credit of the appropri-
ation, bureau of posts (fees) 37, 774. 16
To amount of losses by unavoidable casualty 1, 700. 00
To balance forward to fiscal year 1908 585,025.02
7,750,989.00 7.750.989.00
REFOBT OF AUDITOR FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
525
(4) POSTAL SAVINGS BANK (BUREAU OF POSTS).
As the operationB in detail of this branch of the government service have been
given in the report of the director of posts, only a summary thereof is here stated:
By deixMits received 1^786, 361. 03
By savings stamps sold 1, 837. 30
By amount advanced from the funds of the bureau of posts for interest . 3, 601. 62
To withdrawals paid ^"280,044.83
To savings stamps redeemed 1, 219. 00
To interest paid 454. 38
To balance forward to fiscal year 1908 510,081. 64
791,799.86 791,799.86
(5) SUNDRY ACCOUNTS (NOT INCLUDED IN THE BALANCE SHEET).
Accounts for the following funds, which are comprehended in the treasurer's deposi-
tary fund, are rendered to this office for audit and settlement, but are not included in
the balance sheet, as such inclusion would necessitate an analysb of the depositary
fund, which includes the accounts of United States collecting and disbursing officers
over which this office has no jurisdiction:
Name.
Fund.
Balances
J line 30, 1907.
C.H. Sleeper
OreKorio Araneta.
L. H. Dlngman
Richard Sasae
W. S. Haldeman...
J. L. Barrett
J. 8. Hord
Title deposits
Estates of deceased employees.
Fire-line badge fund
Prisoners' deposits.
Contractors' guaranty fund
Risal monument fund
Guaranty deposits
ril,906.00
15,276.45
336.00
2.825.60
3,012.00
115,552.18
1,135.47
ToUl.
149,042.70
Sundry personal accounts datine back in some cases to fiscal year 1901, and amount-
ing to F2,088.30, are not includea for the reason that most of them should be classed
as '*bad and doubtful debts,'' and others are denied by the officers concerned. They
will be adjusted and collected or written off during the fiscal year 1908.
Schedule I.
Cmr OF MANILA.
(1) General balance sheet.
assets.
Real estate (including Luneta extension, valued at
n,236,000) re, 789, 777. 00
Permanent improvements:
Equipment Tl, 681, 393. 26
Sewers and waterworks, cost to date 2, 715, 308. 44
4, 29(i, 701 . 69
Current assets:
Accounts receivable (deferred payments on sales
of city lands) 67,662. 62
Ninety-four shares of capital stock of the Banco
Espafiol-Filipino (par) 23, 600. 00
91, 052. 62
Cash:
In insular treasury —
Sewer and waterworks fund 3, 709, 961. 26
Sewer and waterworks sinking fund 80, 692. 44
Luneta extension fund (balance loan) 40, 970. 89
Current appropriations, balances 182, 617. 98
In hands disbursing officer of the city 1, 028. 79
4, 016, 061. 36
• Total... ..:... 16,192,592.67
526 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
LIABILinSS.
Sewer and waterworks bonds ^6, 000, OOOl 00
Premiums received on sewer and waterworks bonds 425,200.70
Sewer and waterworks bonds sinking fund 80, 592. 44
Amount due the insular government on account of Luneta exteanon
loan 350,000.00
Amount due the insular government on revenue account 454, 37& 28
Surplus of assets over liabilities, being the principal account or in-
ventory of the capital property of the city 7, 882, 36L 25
Total 15,192,502.07
The city's valuation is taken for the items of real estate and equipment in this
statement, and surplus stock of so-called expendable property is not included, but
will be brought into the accounts in the next report.
(2) Statement of income and expenditures, fiscal year ended Jane 30 , 1907,
INCOME.
Revenues from taxation:
Land taxes n, 289, 230. 14
Internal revenue 135, 656. 76
Internal revenue accrued and unpaid 119, 423. 21
Licenses 216, 860. 40
Franchises 41, 111. 54
ri, 802, 281. 05
Other receipts:
Electric installation certificates 5, 490. 65
Matadero receipts 164, 962. 53
Market rents 238, 054. 41
Live-stock registration fees 496.80 '
Live-stock transfer fees -274. 60
Sales of tags for vehicles 1, 215. 80
Testing weights and measures 715. 40
Burial pennits 1, 522. 00
Poundmasters' fees 4, 065. 14
Sanitary fees and fines 2, 474. 00
Municipal court fees and fines 53, 331. 43
Justices of the peace fees and fines 5, 968. 57
Sheriff's fees and fines 16, 752. 65
Miscellaneous fees 4, 216. 25
Rent of city lands 19, 950. 32
Registration of deeds 13,488.49
Interest on bank deposits 92, 313. 40
Interest on bank deposits accrued to June 30 37, 239. 60
662, 532. 04
Receipts from operation:
Department of engineering and public works-
Water rents 221,187.98
Building applications and pennits 15, 314. 47
Boiler inspections 1, 212. 00
Miscellaneous services 67, 523. 50
305, 237. 95
Department of sanitation and transportation —
Rent of niches 9,768.60
Pail-system service 4^ 468. 26
Cleaning vaults and cesspools 38, 639. 00
Transportation of meat 8, 995. 16
Miscellaneous services 88, 204. 34
194,075.36
Principal account:
Sales of city lands 18, 397. 63
Sales of burial lots 10, 996. 50
29,394.13
Total income, carried to revenue account 2, 993, 520. 53
Not included in the above is the sum of ^106,567.24, received by the department
of sanitation and transportation for transportation furnished the insular flovemment,
which was applied direct to the payment of the debt, as hereinafter noted.
BEPOBX OF AXJDITOB FOB PHILIFPINE ISLANDS. 627
EXPENDITURES.
Municipal board:
Administration —
Salaries and wages ^86, 517. 63
Biiscellaiieous expenses 107, 099. 90
Maintenance 118.37
Supplies 6, 293. 25
Undistributed expenditures 1, 417. 83
Department of • assessments and collections:
Administration —
Salaries and wages 1 12, 709. 86
Miscellaneous expenses 29, 798. 50
Maintenance 2.35
Department of engineering and public works:
Administration —
Salaries and wages 256, 075. 38
Miscellaneous expenses 146, 502. 35
Maintenance —
Salaries and wages 173, 729.85
Miscellaneous expenses 66, 677. 42
Suppl ies 207, 562. 73
Unoistributed expenditures 1, 420. 09
Department of sanitation and transportation:
Administration —
Salaries and wages 461, 243. 86
Miscellaneous expenses 5, 992. 47
Maintenance —
Salaries and wages 3, 189. 95
Miscellaneous expenses 50, 859. 08
Supplies 248,272.74
Unoistributed expenditures 19, 274. 97
Fire department:
Administration —
Salaries and wages 232, 879. 61
Miscellaneous expenses 7, 348. 73
Maintenance, miscellaneous expenses 4, 930. 90
Supplies 36,347.10
Unoistributed expenditures 769. 35
Law department:
Administration —
Salaries and wages 96, 673. 55
Miscellaneous expenses 13, 827. 74
Maintenance, miscellaneous expenses 346. 47
Supplies 6, 086. 46
Unoistributed expenditures 4. 90
Police department:
Administration —
Salaries and wages 735,889.82
Miscellaneous expenses 36, 138. 75
Maintenance 263. 18
Supplies 26,049.26
Uncustributed expenditures 1, 301. 49
Department of city schools:
Administration —
Salaries and wages 195,281.52
Miscellaneous expenses 51, 742. 65
Maintenance 892. 41
Supplies 17,736.67
Undistributed expenditures 2,298.95
r 201,446.1
142,510.71
851,967.82
788,833.07
282,275.69
115, 939. 12
799,642.50
267,752.20
528 ^ REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Fixed charees:
Annual payment to sinking fund for redemption
of eewer and waterworks bonds for fiscal year
1906 r38,74O.a0
(This item was not included in the report for
that year, the item purporting to carry it
being only the interest coupons redeemed
in that year.)
Annual payment to sinking fund for redemption
of sewer and waterworks bonds for fiscal year
1907 38,740.00
Interest on sewer and waterworks bonds paid dur-
ing the year 79, 340.00
Interest on sewer and waterworks bonds due and
unpaid 60,820.00
Interest on sewer and waterworks bonds accrued
to June 30 46, 666. 67
Premiimis paid for transfers to United States 1, 500. 00
r265,806.67
Miscellaneous expenses of personnel, payments from
salary and expense fund 1, 140. 00
Capital expenditures, public works:
General improvements, final payment to Bum-
ham & Anderson for inspection, report, and
plans furnished for improvement of tne city . . 4, 697. 56
Widening and straightening streets 36, 901. 15
Construction of —
Ayala bridge 21,338.15
Markets 1,504.13
Street monuments 999. 07
65,440.06
Total expenditures chaiged to appropriation
account 3,782,754.82
(3) SPECIAL ACCOU.NT^
The following accounts are stated separately for the reason that the transactions
were from the funds not subject to the provisions of the city's charter whereby the
insular government contributes 30 per cent of the appropriation. As the Luneta
extension loan is repaid the insular government will contribute its proportion.
The land transportation purchase was exempted from the contribution by the terms
of the act authorizing it.
Luneta extension account. — By act No. 1360 the insular government loaned the sum
of P'350,000 to the city of Manila, repayable in seven annual installments, none of
which has been paid, for the purpose of improving the park by reclaiming aome
247,000 square meters from the my of Manila.
By loan from Insular goveniment.
To diBbursementa fiscal year-
1906
1907
Balance in treasury
Total.
Debit. I Credit.
rsso^ooaoo
n60,a».08
49,009.03 I
40,970.89
aw.ooaoo I 350,00a oo
Land transportation purchase. — By act No. 1361 practically all land transports >
tion in the city of Manila belonging to the insular government was sold to the
department of sanitation and transportation of the city of Manila at 85 per cent of
its a)st price, the insular government agreeing, in view of the high price paid, to
accept i»yment in services, a measure whose results have l)een very satisfactory to
both parties to the transaction — to the insular government by reason of the eoonomy
achieved and the city, whose efficient adminis^tioixof thftt departmQiit has enabled
BEPOBT OF AUDITOR FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
529
it to render the neceesftry service at a conBiderable saving to the insular government
and pay the cost of the plant in two years.
Debit.
r221,3e5.97
Credit.
To cost of the plant
By amount paul in fiscal year-
IMS
M?, 939. 63
96,859.10
1906 1
1907 1
106,567.24
Total *
221,365.97
221,365.07
Sewer and waterworks construction, — Under the authority of the Congress of the
United States contained in section 70 of the act of July 1, 1902, the insular government
has incurred on behalf of the city of Manila a bonded debt of ^6,000,000 (13,000,000
United States currency) for the purpose of constructing a system of sewers and drain-
age and to furnish an adequate supply of water. The operations of the fund so acquired
to date are as follows:
To expenditures for purposes of construction, fiscal year—
1906!!!!!!!!! ;!!!!!!!!!"!!!!! !"!!!!!!]!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!:
1907
By balances:
In treasury
In hands of R. C. Baldwin, disbursing officer
By bonds issued
By premiums received
Debit.
r5,689.04
595,143.73
2,114,978.33
3,449,765.39
259,684.21
Total 6,425,260.70
Credit.
re, 000, 000. 00
425,260.70
6,425,260.70
Sewer and waterworks bonds sinking fund.
By payment by city Manila for fiscal year 1906 FSS, 740. 00
By payment by city Manila for fiscal year 1907 38, 740. 00
Interest received 2, 316. 66
Interest accrued to June 30, 1907 795. 78
Balance in the fund 80, 592. 44
(4) GENERAL REVENUE ACCOUNT.
By revenues, fiscal year—
1902 2,227,700.15
1903 3,057,718.46
1904 3,862,259.63
1905 2,882,331.65
1906 2,630,068.89
1907 2,993,520.53
By 70 per cent of appropriations heretofore reverted to general fund . 1, 566, 060. 13
To 70 per cent of appropriations, fiscal year —
1902 ^"2, 731, 912. 15
1903 3,100,381.27
1904 4,129,317.44
1905 3,564,438.56
1906 3,553,424.51
1907 2,594,563.69
By balance due insular government 454, 378. 28
Total 19,674,037.62 19,674,037.62
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 34
530 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
(5) APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT.
Under the provisions of the charter of the city of Manila (act 183, section 15) the
insular government for a consideration agrees to contribute 30 per cent of the appro-
priations for the maintenance and support of the city's government. This provision
nas heretofore been construed to mean net withdrawals from the appropriations.
Now the law is interpreted literally and an account of ^^seneral. revenues, city of
Manila," set up, and 70 per cent of the appropriations charged thereto, with the
results shown m the following accounts. Reversions of unexpended balances are
credited to the funds from which they came and in the same proportions:
By appropriations, fiscal year —
1902 ^ ^3, 902, 731. 64
1903 4,429,116.10
1904 5,899,024.92
1905 5,092,055.09
1906 5,076,320.73
1907 3,706,519.56
To expenditures, fiscal year —
1902 r3, 033, 303. 28
1903 3,830,197.46
1904 5,355,230.83
1905 5,122,814.36
1906 4,560,691.76
1907 3,782,754.82
Reversions of unexpended balances 2, 237, 228. 76
Balance available for expenditures:
In insular treasury \ . ^182, 517. 98
In hands of disbursing officers 1,028.79
183,546.77
28,105,768.04 28,105,768.04
Respectfully submitted.
W. H. Clarke, AciiTig Auditor.
The Secretary op War.
The Governor-General of the Islands.
The Members of the Philippine Legislature.
PART II.
The Government of the PniLipnNB Islands,
Bureau of Audits,
Mamla, P. /., September 27, 1907,
Sirs: In compliance with the requirements of section 60 of act No. 1402, I have
the honor to submit the seventh annual report of this offica^f the fiscal af^irs of the
government, as far as pertains to the provinces of the islands.
There is also submitted the first annual report showing the fiscal afiEairs of the munic-
ipalities of the archipelago. The audit of the accounts of the municipalities was
placed under the jurisdiction of this ofiice, through its corps of district auditors, by
act No. 1482, passed May 1, 1906, to be effective from January 1, 1906.
The municipal fiscal year is coterminous with the calendar year. The provincial
fiscal year is coterminous with the insular fiscal year— June 30.
The reoort herewith rendered, therefox^, shows the audit of the accounts of the
municipalities for their fiscal year terminating December 31, 1906, and of the prov-
inces for such year terminating June 30, 1907.
The creation of the corps of district auditors, upon which the work of auditing
provincial and municipal accounts devolves, was commented upon in the previous
annual report of this office.
The personnel of the corps, the districts to which assigned at the close of the pro-
vincial fiscal year, and the official stations were as follows:
Name.
Chief district auditor.
W. A. Randall
Dutrict auditort.
Frank W. Killen
IrvlngB. Dexter
James C. Lewie
Address.
Provinces.
E. M. Wood (on leave in United
States); Charles F. Richmond, act-
InjR,
R . K. Zercher
J.E.Bowen
L. B. Alexander.
Manila, P. I.
Tuguegarao, Cagayan. .
Vigan, Ilocos Sur.
LIngayen, Pangasinan..
Malolos, Balacan
Santa Cruz, La Laguna.
John L. Headlngton. .
L.W. Berry
Thomas R.Lill
James A. Klrby
Gaston SchmutE
Geo. L. Coleman
Fred. S. Lovenskiold.
Batangas, Batangas ,
I Nueva Caceres, Ambos Cama-
I rines.
Albay, Albay
Tacloban. Leyte
Cebu.Ceba
Iloilo, Panay.
Capiz, Panav
"ilfa
District auditors at large,
E. J. Stowers, Chas. J. H. Naylor,
Chas. E.Norton.
Cagayan, Mff
Zamboanga, Mindanao.
Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva
Vlscaya.
Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur,
Lepanto-Bontoc.
La union, Pangasinan, Tar-
lac. Benguet.
Pampanga, Bulacan, Nu-
eva Ecfja.
La Laguna, RIsal, Cavlte,
Bataan.
Batangas, Tayabas.
Ambos Camarines.
Albay. Sorsogon.
Samar, Leyte.
Cebu, Bohol, Oriental Ne-
gros.
Hollo. Occidental Negros.
Captz, Antique, Romblon.
Misamis, Surtgao.
Mora.
Zambales, Mindoro, Pala-
wan.
In addition to the work of auditing provincial and municipal money accounts,
the district auditors audit the property accounts of the provinces and, under Execu-
tive Order No. 29, June 4, 1906, act as inspectors upon all insular property presented
for condemnation in their districts. They also malce all required field examinations
of constabulary supply officers, clerks of courts, registers of deeds, land agents, post-
masters, and other msular accountable officers.
531
582
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
THE PROVQfCIAL GOVERNMENTS.
Explanation of provincial statements. — The statements which follow show in detail
the nnanciaJ condition and operations of each province and municipality during
the fiscal year.
Funds which have come into the possession of the provinces are grouped under
three main divisions, viz: (1) Balance July 1, 1906, (2) revenues, and (3) miscel-
laneous receipts, the totals of each division being separately shown.
Within the division "revenues" there has only been included moneys which
regularly accrue to the provinces and municipalities as revenue by seneral law. This
division, therefore, does not include payments made to them by the insular gov^n-
ment in the form of outright aid and loans, nor on account of the appropriation made
by the insular government in lieu of the suspended land tax.
Within the division ^niscellaneous receipts'* moneys accruing from all sources
other than revenues as defined in the preceding paragraph are shown.
Funds which have gone out of the possession of the provinces and the amount
remaining on hand are also shown in three divisions, viz, (1) expenditures, (2) mis-
cellaneous credits, and (3) balance June 30, 1907.
Within the division ** expenditures" only expenditures for provincial purposes
proper are included.
I^yments to municii^lities of the proportion of revenues accruing to them',
exchanges of currency, and all other item» which are not provincial expenditures as
defined in the preceaing paragraph are shown under '* miscellaneous credits."
It is believed that this method of segregation will be especially advantageous to the
provincial administrative bureau, presenting in clear form and in a manner capable
of immediate reference and comparison the vital statistical factors of a province's nnan-
cial condition and resources.
The following condensed summary of provincial accounts as thus segregated is of
interest:
Item.
Philippine currency.
Mexican and Spanish-
Filipino currency.
ProvinolaL
MonlolpaL
ProylnciaL
MunieipaL
DEBIT.
Balances on hand July 1. 1906
ri,961^9.64
2,580,768.90
63,121.13
1,437,962.66
f«8, 797.86
4,089,997.61
*i,*i82,'i6i'88'
27,767.44
8.09
47,aiao2
Revenues '..T.
Miscellaneous receipts:
Exchanges of currency
Other items
Totaldebit
6,033,077.23
6,716,896u26
74,776.16
CREDIT.
Expenditures
3,721,099.79
•
181.65
Miscellaneous credits:
Payments to municipalities
6,664,258.95
ExchaT»ir«w o' cnrrenrv ^ - - - - .
36,167.08
228,011.60
2.047,806.91
60,067.62
164.26
6,382.62
Other items
RAlannpn nn hAnd June 30. 1907
233.18
161,404.12
Total credit,..
6,033,077.23
5,716,806.26
74,776.16
All revenues which accrue to the municipalities prass throueh the hands of the pro-
vincial treasurers. The total of the column ''municipal " in tne division "revenues"
therefore represents all revenues which have accruea to the municipalities, and the
items in the division "miscellaneous receipts" the receipts from all sources other than
revenue.
Funds which accrue to the municipalities are by law required to be paid to them
by the provincial treasurer within thirty days of their receipt oy him. Such payments
are shown under the heading " municipal " and opposite "miscellaneous creaits — pay-
ments to municipalities.*' These funds thus pass out of provincial accounts.
BEPOBT OF AXmiTOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
583
THE MUNICIPAL GOVBRNMBNT8.
Explanation of municip<il stateTnents. — ^The arrangement of the municipal accounts
id the same as that of the provincial.
The following condensed summary of these accounts is given:
Item.
Philippine currency.
General
School.
Cemetery.
TotaL
DEBIT.
BaIiit*'^^ on hftnd Jftnnair 1. 1906
Pe06,O47.02
3,765,406w96
f447,Ma96
624,829.70
116,385.86
723,836.68
Revenues
MO, 899. 36
Minoellaneoua receipts:
Transfers from general fund
Other items
611,145.39
515.00
Total debit
4.972,601.39
1,912,603.20
11,414.36
CREDIT.
Ezpendituree.
3,731,400.66
116,385.86
34,488.66
1,090,317.21
1,078,632.40
609.30
Miscellaneous credits:
Transfers to school fund
Other items
28,414.56
805,556.24
10,805.06
Total credit
4,972,601.30
1,912,603.20
11,414.36
There are 675 municipal and township organizations in the islands, the accounts for
which are rendered by their respective treasurers to the provincial treasurer of the
province in which located, by whom they are given an administrative review and
then turned over to the district auditor for his audit. The municipal and township
treasurers are also frequently inspected at their offices in the municipalities and town-
ships. Owing to the great number oi. these inspections that it is necessary to make,
district auditors are authorized to deputize their clerks and the deputies of the pro-
vincial treasurer to assist them in carrying out these duties. The value of this work
in checking[ and preventing the improper use of municipal funds has been very great.
Opportunities have also men afforded for ^[reatly bettering the municipal service
SBnerally. The advance in s^rstem and efficiency in the municipal treasury service
uring the past year has been indeed gratifying.
PAYMENTS TO PROVINCES IN LIEU OF THE LAND TAX.
By act No. 1465 the collection of the land tax for the calendar year 1906 was sus-
pended throughout all the provinces and municipalities of the Philippine Islands,
wherein operative, except in the city of Manila, and ^2,690,890.69 was appropriated
for the several provinces and mtmicipalities in lieu thereof, this appropriation being
based upon the land-tax collections for the fiscal year 1905, and beinjg divisible between
the various provinces and municipalities concerned upon the basis of the actual col-
lections therein during that fiscal year.
By resolution of the Commission of March 12, 1906, the suspension of this tax was
hela not to be applicable to the Moro Province, and the excess of ^32,321.45 which
thus arose in the appropriation, and which had reverted to the general funds in the
treasury, was reappropnated by act No. 1475 for the benefit of the Province of Cebu,
it appearing that by reason of the suspension of the land tax in that province for the
year 1905, outside of certain excepted portions, the allotment upon the basis of the
collections for such year was not an equitable one and would not afford it sufficient
revenues for its current expenses.
The amounts thus appropriated were made payable to the various provinces in
twelve monthly installments, beginning with the month of January, 1906.
By act No. 1579 the collection of the land tax was also suspended for the calendar
year 1907 throughout the same territory as during the previous year, such act provid-
mg that there i^ould be appropriated by the insular government to the provinces and
municipalities concerned, m lieu of the suspended tax, an amount equal to 50 per
cent of t}ie maximum tax collectible under tne new assessment in process of consum-
mation under the provisions of act No. 1455. Pending the certification of such assess-
ment by the centnd equalizing board there was appropriated lor the first six months
of the aJendar year 1907, ^666,927. 63, such amount being one-half the sum received
584
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
during the preceding six months under the proviBions of acts Nob. 1455 and 1475, and
to apply as a credit on the amount eventually to be appropriated upon certificatioa
of toe new aaseasment by the central equalizing board.
There was withdrawn from the insular treasury during the fiscal year «ndin^ June
30/1907, tJiie following amounts for payment to the provinces and municipalities in
lieu ctf the suspended fimd tax:
Under acte Nos. 1455 and 1475 ri,833, 855.39
Under act No. 1579 666,927.63
Total 2,000,783.02
This amount was distributed among the provinces for their use and that of their
municipalities, as hereinafter shown in detail in the provincial statements.
Of the amount appropriated by act No. 1455, P23, 180.31 was imused and returned
to unappropriated funds in the insular treasury. This unused balance was the result
of a decision to the effect that the suspension of the land tax was not applicable to the
special government act provinces, wherein a tax denominated a ** property tax"' is
collected instead of the purely **land" tax prescribed by act No. 82 for the other
provinces.
Exchange of currency, — Pursuant to the provisions of the act of Congress approved
MsbTch 2, 1903, the purchase by provincial treasurers, and their deputies throughout
the mimicipalities, of Mexican, Spanish-Filipino, and other currency formeny in
circulation m the islands continueil during tne year under the following executive
order (No. 24, series of 1905):
''In order to eive every opportimity to the people of these islands to effect the
exchange of the local currency m their possession for Philippine currency, it is hereby
ordered that the insular treasurer ana all provincial treasurers in the Philippine
Islands shall, on and after this day and until further notice, purchase Spanish-FUi-
pino currency, Mexican currency, Chinese subsidiary silver coins, and all foreign
copper coins now circulating in the Philippine Islands, at one peso, Philippine cur-
rency, for one peso and thirty centavos, local currency."
The aggregate amount of currency thus exchanged, is shown in the foregoing sum-
mary (p. — ) and in detail by provinces in the statements which follow. The pur-
chase of these coins was discontmued July 1, 1907, by executive' order No. 8 of March
11, 1907.
Pomilaiion.—The number of inhabitants of the various provinces and municipali-
ties shown in the tables is taken from the official census oi 1903. Such information
is not shown for the townships and settlements of the special provincial government
act provinces, nor for the municipalities of the Moro Frovince, the large proportion
of imcivilizea inhabitants in those political subdivisions rendering information of
such nature of meager and uncertain value.
PROVINCE OF ALBAY.
[Population: Cbrlstian, 239,i34; non-Christian, W2.]
Provioolal.
Albay
proper.
Subprovinoe
Catandoanea.
ICnnletpaL
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
All proTincial—
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, liX)6 and previous years.
All munidnal—
erfes...
r^, 209. 46
1,234.70
644.19
moo
27.30
3.75
16,940.36
r9,380.84
r39,2n.47
56.70
8.75
873.93
Fisheries.
Cattle registration.
Rents, profits, and privileges.
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estray 8
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
84.00
12.50
22,089.58
5,834.83
2,16&00
23,902^21
8,787.29
4,80a58
183.50
87.09
REPORT OP AUDITOR FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
535
PROVINCE OP ALBAY— Continued.
Provincial.
Albay
proper.
Subprovinoe
Catanduanes.
Municipal.
DEBITS— continued.
ReTenue»-Oontinued.
Internal revenoe—
n5,79S.00
W, 167. 50
«8,9ea50
12.677.91
l^Umum, wt No. 1 1 W . .
Opium certificates, act No. 1461 ^..
1,375.00
82,069.37
Refund from inaular treasury, act No. 1189
9,48L71
119.46
60&09
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
•rfiriiitfan portion
Total revenues
54,823.47
4,713.87
143,lia96
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province, insular payment lieu land tax,
acts Nos. 1465 and 1579
52,420.25
25,ooaoo
209.23
312.00
434.85
3,58ew«7
68,573.97
Loans to province, act No. 1635
Repayments of loans by municipalities
To'enenditures, roads and bri'dges, tabaco-Ligao road
funcf — R^^ftwd permanent equipment
To expenditures, schools, pro^ncial funds— Refund repairs
and construction of buildings
Total miscellaneous receipts
78,445.83
3,586.97
68.573.97
Total debits
216,978.25
17,142.51
32,742.00
3,535.01
6,027.22
2iaoo
5,900.40
377.06
6,457.40
491.28
3,234.89
1,666.27
17,691.68
1,560.00
2^524.99
250,962.40
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes—
flalanpii nf nrnvlnp.iAl offlciftlfl r - ,
Salaries of provincial empioyws
Rpnairs ann nnniit.nmtinn nf hnflHinirfi
Traveling expenses and per diems
1,297.65
RAfitala fiir Hnilriinga
Office suDDlies "
6.00
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
1
Sheriff's fees
Feedins nrisoners
Preniluniii on bond"
07.56
Purchftfle of land
Cost tax salos
Postage, mail and tpi«grftTn« ,
1,905.34
2,748.89
19,421.76
1.AR0.00
136.70
38.10
6.35
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges—
Tfftbor and mat^^rial
Permanent equipment
Purchai^ rtf land.
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildings .
Rentals for buildinirs
Office supplies . .
•
Permanent equipment i 26a 88
Purchase of land
^
M1fw>^UAn<>ftun - - -
34.30
1,366.08
997.62
School building fund, act No. 1275-
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings
Tabaco-Ligao road fund, act No. 1260—
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Total expenditures
Miscellaneous credits:
Payments to municipalities .
Balance Juno 30, 1907
106,207.91 I 5,637.35
110,770.34 I 12,064.33
Total credits.
216,978.26 17,601.68
238,233.77
12,728.63
250,962.40
586
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF AMBOS CAMARINES.
[Population: Chzlstiui» 233,472; non-^^hiiatlAn, BJMH,]
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(Philippine
onixeocy).
ProTlncial
(Mexican
and
Spaniah-
FiUpiiio
comncy).
Balance July 1, 1900
Revenues:
All provincial—
KeglBtry ol property .
MiflcellaneouB
F34,283.00
P13,61420
89.30
Rental of provincial property
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulae, act No. 83
Cart T
Land, 1905 and previous years
Daet franchise tax
All municipal—
Fisheries
Ownership and transfer of cattle.
Rents, profits, and privileges
1,080.51
saoo
118.00
3,067.67
57&00
263.00
8,052.43
118.13
Fines
Bales of estray animals
Cemetery
Miwellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Idoenses, act No. 1189 ,
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian portion
29,548.50
21,430.30
794.40
Total revenues i
ICiaoellaneous receipts: I
Payments to province, insular payment lieu land tax, >
acts Nos. 1455 and 1679
To expenditures, eenerai purposes, provincial funds— re- \
fund cost tax sales
E xchanges of currency '
65,167.94
19,343.52
1,136.80
Total miscellaneous receipts.
575.00
263.00
10,264.81
236.22
2,613.00
18,364.49
6,578.16
6,416.26
30450
348.00
22.74
29,548.50
7,6iaoo
1,53a 00
31,261.07
120,461.03 '.
24,491.34
20,480.32 1^ 24,491.34
182.35
Totaldebits ' 119,931.28 | 158,566.57 |
182.35
271.65
cRBDrrs.
ExiwnditurBs:
Provincial funds—
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair and construction of buildings..
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees 1
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
Preml urns on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
Postage, mail and telegrams
M 1 scelTaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies .
19,877.20
24,723.80
1,95a 66
7,497.31
134.00
142.22
2,165.11
848.00
705.80
2,068.32
971.98
1,308.00
3,896.20
5, 07a 80
Permanent equipment,
i of land..
Purchase (
Miscellaneous.
Non-Christian Inhabitants fund-
Schools, saUries
112.40
79.55
880.00
271.97
"28.'46
120.00
Total expenditures.
72,851.72
REPORT OF AUDITOR FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
PROVINCE OF AHBOS CAMARINES-Contlnoed.
587
ProTincIal
(PhUipplne
currency).
Muoiclpftl
(PhUipplne
currency).
Provincial
(MezicftH
and
Spanlsh-
FUlpijio
currency).
CRKDIT8— continued.
Miioellaneoua oredlts:
Exchanges of our|«ncy
Payments to munidpaUtleB .
Balance, J une 30, 1907
^140.28
46,939.26
ri56,317.76
2,248.81
271.65
Total credits.
119,931.26
158,566.57
271.65
PROVINCE OF ANTIQUE.
[Population: Christian, 131,246; non-Christian, 2,921.]
DEBITS.
Balance, July 1, 1906
p-15,27483
Pfi-IOLOS
Revenues:
AH provlndal—
Registry of property.
1.57
viflcellaneons
Joint provincial and municipal—
C^nlas, act No 83
579.55
596.45
94.87
4,244.03
1,847.43
4,550.00
2,935.03
131.48
1,544.20
Cart...:
Land, 1905 and previous years
94.88
2,945.95
AU municipal-
Fisheries.
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
T/loenMMi
Fines »
£(ales of cwtrays T!
Cemetery
251.75
60.00
ICisoellaneous. ........... .. . . .
r^ulas. act No. 11ff9
12,904.50
12,904.50
1,191.00
120.00
17,573.28
Licensw, act No, IIW
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. ii89
12,280.71
391.10
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-Chris-
tian portion
Total reveniMMi
29,198.26
48.044.02
Miscellaneous receipta:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579 . .
5,097.87
600.00
6,561.00
Congressional relief, municipality of CulasI, act No.
To expenditures— Refund repairs and construction of
hiiUningii, Cnngressional relief , . . . , , ,
443.30
Repaymmits of loans by municlpaiities
200.00
Rxchangm of onmnoy ,
6,341.26
6,561.00
Total debits
60,814.35
10,563.92
8,765.38
1,114.15
1,864.03
CO, 700. 07
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
General puri>oses—
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair an<f construction^f Sulldlngs
Traveling exTwnses and per diems
R4^ntal«forf>nnd(Fm. ..'
Office supplies
936.50
1,343.36
3,175.86
402.74
706.00
296.46
*
Permanent eoulDment
Clerk of court fees
1
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners r -
j
Purchase of land
1
Cost tax sai^s
PontAim mftll and teieirrams
698.28
783.72
IflMMUjUlAOUS^ ,T
538
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OP ANTIQUE-Contlnued.
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(PhUlppine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FUipino
currency).
. CBEDIT8— continued.
Expend! tures— Continued .
Provincial funds— Continued.
Roads and bridges—
Labor and material
P-4,0fi5.15
377.68
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land
Schools-
57.60
36.50
112.75
1
1
Repairs and construction of buildings
1
Rentals for buildings
1
Office supplies 7.
Permanent equipment . .. , . . . . . x
303.81
47.11
Purchase of land
MIscellaiieous
Congressional relief f und—
General purposes, miscellaneous
17.00
575.20
2,796.80
'
Congressional relief fund, act No. 1406—
General purposes, miscellaneous
School building fund, act No. 1275—
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings
i
Total expenditures
88,90ai8
,
Miscellaneous credits:
FToh4.nge8 of currency. ,
i
Payments to municipalities.. .
^50,416.18
Loans to municipalities
2saoo
11,574.17
Balafiw J!ine 30. 190/ . .
1,280.89
Total credits
50,814.35
60,706.07
PROVINCE OF BATAAN. •
[Population: Christian, 45,166; non-Christian. 1,621.]
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property.
Miscellaneous
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous years
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189,
Christian portion
ri7,120.88
159.14
155.00
383.71
833.12
7-4, 625. 26 I
155.00
383.76
829.95
3,257.56
725.00
4,620.81
083.27
1,538.67
ia70
38.00
Total revenues.
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579.
Congressional relief to municipality of Dinalupijan,
act No. 1406
Loans to province, act No. 1601
Public contributions, school building fund, act No. 1275...
Excfaaoges of currency
Total miscellaneous receipts.
Total debits
6,526.00
5,400.57
217.04
6,526.00
1,805.95
5.00
6,047.58
13,683.61
26,035.25
7,001.73
S00.00
6,000.00
1,335.17
.20
14,837.10
45,641.59
6,330.51
6,339.51
37,00aO2
287.40
287.40
287.40
BEPOBT OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
589
PROVINCE OF BATAAN-Continued.
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(PhUippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
CREDITS.
Expeoditurae:
Provincial firnda—
(General parpoeea—
Balartee of provincial oiBciale
P7,023.32
3,483.34
220.74
1,216.56
Salaries of brovindal employeea
T^^^n^ifTfnr bnMdingn
Office supplies .'...r.
146.38
151,28
5,968.00
106.48
1,707.10
218.50
Permannit equipment
Clerk of oourC fees
Bherift's fees
1
Feeding prisoners
(
Premiums on bonds . , .,„ , .. ,
... . . 1
Purchase of land
(
Cost tax sales
Postase, mail and tel^rams
300.24
74.02
5,424.18
60.39
Misoellaneons "
Roads and bridges—
Labor and material
'
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land
Schools-
Salaries
27.20
40.97
Repairs and construction of buildings
Rentals for buU^ingii _
Office supplies
1
PermaaenT equipment
1.60
Purchase of land
Miscellaneotis. .
3.00
407.04
206.00
202.00
Congressional relief fimd-
noads and bridges, labor and material
Conmssional reUeTfund, act No. 1406-
ueneral purposes, miscellaneous
Roads and Bridges, labor and material
Total expenditnies
27,989.34
219. 44
Miacellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
"P36;995.'93'
904.09
0.26
Psymeiiis to municipalities
Balanoe June 30, 1907. . .1
17,432.81
287.14
Total ondits
46,641.50
37,900.02
287.40
PROVINCE OF BATANQAS.
[Population: Christian, 257,715; non-Christian, none.]
DIBITS.
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
All provinclsl—
Registry of property
lilsoellaneous. . ,.^
Mining fees
Rental of provincial property. .
Joint provincial and moniclpal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1906 and previous years.
All municipal—
eries...
Flsherl
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges.
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, set No. 1180
Licenses, act No. 1180
Opium oertiflcates, act No. 1461.
r36,28&38
66.23
103.11
12.00
363.50
498.00
393.22
12,932.06
31,657.00
n4.251.11
498.00
393.18
12,170.97
18. 818. 68
16, 430. 00
19,808.66
13, 462. 29
4,614.86
460.00
374.40
880.22
31,657.00
6.999.50
110.00
640 B£POBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OP BATANQAB-CoDtlntied.
ProTlncial
(Philippine
currency).
Manldpal
(PhiUpplne
currency).
PioTlndAl
(Mezicea
And
Spaniih-
Filipino
currency).
DEBITS— continoed.
Revenues— Continued.
Internal revenue— Continued.
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, aci No. 1188, non-
ctiristian portion.
^99,872.41
PHfi07.12
Total revenues..
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579.
Cancellation of loan, act No. 1361
School-building fund, act No. 1275
To expenditures— General purposes, provincial fund-
Refund permanent equipment
Refund clerk of court fees
Public contributions school- building fund, act No. 127\..
Exchanges of currency
Repayments of loans uy municipalities
Total miscellaneous receipts.
Total debits
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair ana construction of buildings.
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rental for buildings
OlBoe supplies.
85,880. £
150,064.76
33,433.02
2,000.00
5,000.00
813.10
607.11
3,500.00
3,696.86
4,989.47
31,61L42
54,039.56
31,611.42
176,214.46
204,927.29
17,686.58
19,118.29
4,768.12
3,252.52
Permanent equipment.
[ of court fees
1,418.10
Clerk <
Sheriff's fees.
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
Postage, mail and telegrams t
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Rental for buildings
Office supplies.
591.89
19,310.12
701.32
826.88
1,416.86
10,878.41
Permanent equipment.
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous
37.54
232.45
290.00
237.47
Total expenditures.
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
Payments to municipalities
Repayments of loans to insular government
Payments to municipalities, cancellation of loans, act No.
1361
Total miscellaneous credits.
Balance June 30, 1907
Total credits.
763.30
81,529.85
3,686.82
2,000.00
2,000.00
7,696.82
86,967.79
203,171.10
203,171.10
1,756.19
176,214.46
204,027.29
4,805.96
4.805.95
4.806.96
4,806.96
4,805l95
4,80&06
BEPORT OF AUDITOR FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
541
PROVINCE OF BENOUET.
[Fopalation: Christian, 917; non-Christian, 21,828.]
'
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Township
(PhiUppine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
DIBITS.
Balanoe July 1, 1906
r9,874.57
•
P76.00
RevBnuM: .
AUprovlnclal-
Kegistry of property
51.67
MiiP0f4ian<^ns
Mining fees 628.00
FeesTjustloe of the peace, act No. 1396 , 488.64
Road tax, act No. ft96 ! 962.00
Joint proTincial and municipal—
Cedulaa, act No. 83. '
Cart
Land. 1905. and Drevious w^n -
All municipal—
Fisheries. '
Cattle registration 1
2,526.00
90L10
2,926^58
364.35
9&00
Rents, profits, and privileges 1
Licenses '
Fines 1
Sales of estrsYS ,
Cemeterr '
717.00
3,063.46
33.00
662.00
7.60
3a 00
,
Property tax
Road tax, 1905
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
662.00
Licenses, act No. 1180
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
.
Refund from ffiiinliir tveaHuvy, set No. 1189
2,030.32
3,045.49
Refund from insular treasury j act No. 1189, township
Total revenues
7,868.12 11,346.99
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment land lieu tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579. .
1
General provincial purpose, act No. 1527
20,86a 00
l,30a35
Bag^ilo-'frlnidad roadi'upproprijition . , , , , ^ . , ^ ^ , , , , . .
En^anges of currency
i
Total miscellaneous receipts
22,168.35
Total debits
39,911.04 1 11,422.99
CRSDIT8.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
9,143.35
8,934.04
2,151.73
1,719.56
1,800.00
1,17a 31
Salaries of provincial employf^es
Renair an<^constraotion^f bulldinsrs ...
Traveling expenses and per dinms ,
1
Rentals lor buildlTigs
Office supplies 7.
Permanent eauinment
72.06
368.00
157.40
624.60
392.61
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners .-,
Premiiiixis on bonds
Purohase of land
Cost tax sale'i. . . ,...,
,
Postage, mall and telegrams
276.57
873^89
622.80
1
MisoelMneoiis T.
:::::::::::::;i::::::::::::
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
1
. P«miA.TMint Miuinment. . .
1
Purohase of land .....................r
1
Bohools-
PalaHfB^..
Repairs and cnnstmctlon of bulldlnifN ^ . . . , , . . ^ . ,
80.88
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
642
REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF BENOUET-Continaed.
ProTinctal
(Philippine
currency).
Township
(PhiUppine
currency).
ProTinclAl
(MeodoAD
And
Spanlah-
FUipino
currency).
CREDITS— <'ontlnued.
Expendlturee— Continued .
Provincial fund^--Oontinued.
Schools— Continued .
Permanent equipment.
) of land
Purchaeec
Miscellaneous.
Road and bridge and public works fund-
Roads and bridges, labor and material.
■1
P2,20».80 I ,..../..
4,6m. 82 '
Total expenditures I 30,199.44
Miscellaneous credits: , I i
Exchanges of currency
Payments to townships ru,8l7.49 '
Balance June 30, 1907 9.711.60 lO&fiO 1.
I-
39,911.04 1 11,422.99'.
Total credits.
PROVINCE OF BOHOL.
[Population: Christian, 260,223; non-Christian, none.)
Provincial. Municipal. Provincial.
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land. 1905 and previous years
All municipal—
Fisheries ,
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses
Fines
Bales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
i^ioenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian portion
Total rpvenues
Miscellaneous receipts: i
Payments to province— insular payment lieu land tax. acts <
Nos. 1455 and 1579 ,
To expenditures, schools, provincial fund— refund perma-
nent equipment
Repajonent of loans by municipalities
Exchanges of currency
r78,243.88
567.20
690.00
58.00
10.482.63
29,293.50
24,993. 12
r 12, 602. 81
600.00
fiS.00
13,977.00
6,207.00
5,470.00
8,090.01
5,91&68
1,710.05
26a 00
L60
29,293.50
6,252.60
41&00
36,048.00
4,888.89
21.00
14,948.50
2.681.95
Total miscellaneous receipts.
Total debits
22.540.34
113,41&23
6.51&62
6,51&fi2
16ft. 868. 57 I 132.629.00
262.20
S,2S2.04
3,232.04
3,4M.24
REPORT OF AUDITOR FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. * 543
PROVINCE OF BOHOL-Contlnaed.
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial emplovees
Repair anaconstniction of buildings.
Travelinff expenses and per diems
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court ton
SherifTs fees *.
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
Postage, mall and telegrams
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges—
I^bor and material.
Provincial
(PhUipptne
4 currency).
n3,551.28
20.216.61
1.130.91
9,446.99
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
2.744.01
2,705.62 ;
25C.00
191.56 I
2,105.89
720.64
1,075.40 i.
2..183.80 I.
Permanent equipment.
) of land..
Purchase <
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildingR.
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies.
122.97
Permanent equipment .
) of land
Purchase (
Miscellaneous.
School building fund, act No. 1275, schools, repairs and
construction of buildings . ^
School assistance fund, act No. 797, schools, salaries
26,940.00 .
1,320.24 |.
Total expenditures.
•I
84,986.01
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency 2, 488. 19
Payments to municipalities P13l,917.69
Loans to municipalities i 650. 00 '
Repayment of loans to Insular Government 18,383.71
Total miscellaneous credits 21,419.90 I 131,917.09
Balance June 30. 1907 60.482.66 711.37
ToUl credits.
I
166,888.57
132,629.06
3,486.54
3.486.64
7.70
3,494.24
PROVINCE OF BULACAN.
[Population: Christian, 223,327; non-Christian, 415.]
Balance July 1, 1906 ;
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Prison labor
Rental of provincial property . .
Mining fees
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
• Cart
Land, 1905 and previous years.
r29.157.51
All municipal—
heries.
Fishe
Cattle registration.
Rents, profits, and privileges.
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
682.45
640.54
4.20
40.00
8.00
171.00
170.33
3. 189. 13
ri4,286.41
171.00
170.32
3,410.40
1,175.67
6.710.00
52,769.63
10,129.63
10, 107. 18
2,522.26
735.50
.■>.023.63
544
BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF BULACAN— Continued.
/
(Philippine
currency).
Hunidpftl
(PhiUppine
currency).
Prorincial
(Mexican
and
Spanloh-
flliplno
currency).
•
DEBrro— continued.
ReTenues— Continued.
Gedulae. act No. 1189
1>^,e20.60
P26,<l!».60
4,011.00
176.00
29,902.09
Lioanaefl act No. 1189
Onimn MrtificfttM B£St No. 1461 ......
Rnfimd from intnilar treamirv. act No. 1189. ...
25,951,79
55.65
Refund from insul&r treasury, act No. 1189, non-
r*YiHflt.iAfi TMirtlnn .
Total revMiuM r
• 50,533.49
148,210.78
0.12
Misoallaneous receipts:
Paymenta to province-
Insular payment Ueu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and
1579
52,114.14
67,180.16
8,838.23
Reimbursement to mtmlolpality of Hagonoy, act
No. 1627
To expenditures, general purposes, provincial funds— .
Rnftind nrnminms on oond* - r - - -
419.66
Refund cost tax sales
20.24
4,745.00
Kxchanses of ciirrencv ..,..,-,.,-, -
1,388.03
* Total miBflellan<K>us receipts .. ..-..-,.-..,- r
57,299.09
06,118.38
1,388.03
Totaldebits
142,990.09
15,^.01
228,016.67
6,412.28
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
General purposes-
Salaries of orovincial offlcials
Salaries of provincial employees
32,439.77
1,807.62
4,995.23
108.00
214.45
1,881.19
12,704.00
470.40
6, 38a 88
Reualr and construction of Duildinirs
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permsppnt fMinipm«nt
Clerk of courf fees
Sheriff's fees.
Feeding prisoners
Pnwnnim* on bond"
'.
Purchase of land ........ . . .
43.00
Cost tax sales
Postace. mail and teleerams 2. 166. 02
2,963.05
20,485.01
17.028.05
181.66
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Purchase of lano - - -
Schools-
Salaries
30.00
2,637.99
16.00
Repairs and construction of buildings
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent «q«lnTii«nt ...
037.14
Purchase of lan<) .....,,-.- r
Miscellaneous
177.19
Total expenditures
121,968.70
1,068.03
181.65
Hlsoellaneous credits:
Exchanses of currency
"*224,'88i."85'
3,734.22
6,169.38
Payments to municlDallties. .
Balance June 30, 1907
19.933.96
61.25
Total crodits
142,990.00
228,016.87
6,412.28
BEPOBT OF AUDITOB FOB FHILIPPIKE ISLANDS.
646
PROVINCE OF CAOAYAN.
[PopalAtlon: Christian, 142,825; non^Christian, 13,414.]
Balance July 1, 19W
Revenues:
AU proYtncial—
Registry of property.
Miscellaneous
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83w
Cart.
Land, 1905 and pievioos years
IndustriaL
Ail municipal—
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses.
Fines.
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
liiacellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1180.
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refimd from Insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian portion
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
1^73,822.82
ISO. 00
6.00
240.00
1,378.56
1,251.33
3.75
18,930.00
8,248.52
1,798.10
Total revenues.
32,012.26
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
^"12,066.45
240.00
1,378.52
2,460.33
3.75
2,346.03
10,853.00
10,686.79
5,960.16
4,634.14
780.06
1,802.25
18,999.00
10,909.83
1,725.00
19,123.74
91,871.58
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579 . .
Congressional relief to inhabitants Cagayan Province,
act No. 1406
Congressional relief to municipalities for schools, act
No. 1406
To expenditures, refund clerk of court feesL
Exchanges of currency
Total miscellaneous receipts .
Total debits
17,032.77
12,000.00 ,
15,000,00 I
288.00 '
2,466.92 '
32, 146. 11
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
Expenditures:
Provincial funds
CBBDITS.
General pur^ses—
Salaries of provincial officials.
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair ana construction of oulldlngs.
Traveling expenses and per diems .
Rentals for buildii
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
Postaee, mail and telegrams
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges—
Lalx>r and material
Permanent equipment.
3 of land..
Purchase (
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies.
Permanent equipment .
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous
14.432.25
13,436.86
1,739.16
5,792.67
1,445.50
3,452.81
5,129.«
324.00
2,125.92
964.41
10.00
1,437.50
1,110.54
8,528.21
227.01
178.12
225.00 I
204. 20 I
'26i'72i
11024— WAR 1907— VOL 7 35
1,763.38
.22
.22
1,443.40
46,787.69 ' 32.146.11 | 1,443.40
152,422.77 136,074.14 | 3,207.00
546 RBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF CAGAYAN—Contlnued.
Provincial
(PbiUppIne
currency).
Municipal
(PhiUppine
currency).
ProTincial
(Mexican
and
SpaAiab-
inUpino
currency).
CBKDIT8— continued .
Expenditures— Ckmtinued.
Ck)ngre8Bional relief fund, act No. 1406—
Qeneral purpoaee, miscellaneoua
Non-Christian izibabitanta fund-
General purposes, miscellaneous
School building )und, act No. 1275—
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings. .
Provincial building fund, act No. 1416—
General purposes-
Repairs and construction of buildings
Permanent equipment
Total expenditures
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency .
Payments to municipalities
Payments to municipalities. Congressional relief.
schools.
for
Total miscellaneous credits.
Balance June 30, 1907
Total credits.
7-3,962.75
a 17
2,628.55
15,185.56
93.50
82,924.99
l,10a70
P'132,8ia70
7,9oaoo
9,008.70
60,489.06
132,8ia70
3,263.44
152,422.77
136,074. 14
3,207.00
3,207.00
3,207.00
PROVINCE OF CAPIZ.
[Population: Christian, 225,092; non-Christian, 5,629.]
DEBITS.
Balance July 1, 1906
fl6,236.05
^12,621.28
4L30
Revenues:
All provincial-
Rewfltrv of OTODerty
38.04
32.25
12.00
32.70
103.00
17.50
7,420.37
Miscellaneous
'
Medical certificates, act No. 310
1
Prison labor
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas act No. 83
103.00
17.50
0,002.40
2,308.77
2,6oaoo
13,214 48
^220. 15
2,366.98
80.20
30.00
500.71
25,543.00
3,077.50
120.00
30,139.03
Cart
T.and lOflS a.nA nrBviniiH vears
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle, registration
Rents, oroflts. and nrivileses
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery ..
Miscellaneous
0. .
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1180
2.5,543.00
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium cfirtifl«atfiii, act No. 1461
Refund from insular tTBaimry. act No- liff) ,.
20,608.64
753.71
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-Chris-
tian Dortion
Total revenues
54,661.21
93,273.72
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. liS5 and 1579.
School building fund, act No. 1275
12,407.04
8,000.00
112.90
489.63
16,662.60
Public contributions, school building fund, act No. 1275. . .
Fx(»hA.n0Mi nf niirwmfiv
656l92
Total miscellaneous r^CBipt" -
21,099.57
16,662.60
656L92
Total debits
91,896.83
122,557.60
698.22
BEPOBT OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
PROVINCE OP CAPIZ-ContiiUMd.
547
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(PhUlppine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FUiphio
currency).
CBEDITB.
Expendltiuea:
Provincial funda—
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
n3,450.20
14,172.26
70.71
2,343.31
120.00
756.04
1,652.88
soaoo
45&02
2,612.80
440.68
Repair fl.n<r<>onstni'^-ion'of bpfWIng^s . . , ,
Traveling expenses and per diems.T
Rentals i!nr iMifldlTTgB . ".
Office supplies .".
Clerk ol court fees
Sheriff's fees
FfwdiT^ prisoners ,. ..
PreTnUTms on >K>ndl?
Purp>i4uiA of land
Cost tax sales
Postage, TPftil and telegrarns
615.42
503.44
0,418.71
Miscellaneous T.
Roads and bridges—
I Ahor and material
Permanent equipment
/,
P(irp)iAj*e of lan^
Schools-
Salaries
145.33
60.00
13.60
Repairs and coTistniction of b^iildings
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies T.
Permanent eqiiipm""* - , ...
.60
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous....
251.05
Total expenditures
47,004.85
Miscellaneous credits:
K rnhATiffm nf curmncv
505.28
"ri2i,'248."30'
56.20
636.52
Payrnentfl to muTiicipalitles
Allowances under section 42, act No. 1402
160.70
Total miscellaneous credits
614.06
43,287.00
121,304.50
1,253.10
636.52
Balance June 30. 1007
61.70
Total credits. ... ...
01,806.83
122,567.60
008.22
PROVINCE OF CAVITB.
[Population: Christian, 134,770; non-Christian, none.]
Balance July 1, 1006
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Rental of provincial 'property. .
Franchise tax, act No. 667
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas. act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1005 and previous years.
r33,787.28
286.50
All municipal-
Fisheries..
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges.
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
(Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1180
Licenses, act No. 1180
00.00
10.82
14.42
1,555.54
18,30L50
P12,632.64
14.43
2,073,87
1,645.61
2,450.00
35,434.71
18,600.02
6,257.20
378.65
150.50
117.14
18,301.50
6,621.34
648
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF CAVITE-Continaed.
DEBITS— contiDued.
Revenuw— Continaed.
Internal revenae— Continued.
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1180
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1180, non-Chris-
tian portion
Total revenues.,
MIsceUaneous receipts:
Payments to province, Insular payment lieu land tax, acts
Nos. 1455 and 1579
To expenditures, roads and bridges, provincial fund, re-
funa permanent equipment
Exchanges of currency
Total misoellaneoos receipts.
Total debits
CBEOITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial ofBdals
Salaries of provincial emplovees
Repair ana construction of buildings
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rentals for buildings
OfBoe supplies ,
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners ,
Premiums on bonds ,
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales ,
Postage, mall, and telegrams ,
Misoeilaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment ,
Purchase of land
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildings
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land ,
Miscellaneous
Congressional relief fund-
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings.
Special road fund, act No. 1478—
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Total expenditures
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
Payments to municipalities
Balance June 30, 1907
Total credits.
ProvlDcial
(Philippine
currency).
^5,951.62
26,300.40
27,528.08
4.66
19.23
27,561.91
87,639.60
14,43131
14,069.14
1,44&78
1,062.10
92L53
1,139.99
937.60
275.42
1,284.08
623L94
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
^585. 00
18,046.42
110,793.48
37,172.52
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FUiptno
currency).
26.00
37,172.52
25.00
160,596.64
25.00
1,00&00
571.58
9,557.35
2a 00
l&OO
343L42
356.04
335.53
802.03
4,781.47
53, 27a 31
19.22
34,3Sa06
126,194.60
34,404.14
87,639.50 I 160,69&64
25iOO
2&00
PROVINCE OF CEBU.
[Population: Christian, 653,727; non-Christian, none.]
DEBrrs.
Balance July 1, 1006
Revenues:
All provincial—
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
^130,229.38
p-32.345.31
419.55
.78
96l00
BEPOBT OF AXJDITOB FOB FHILIPPIlirE ISLANDS.
PROVINCE OF CEBU-Continoed.
649
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(PhUlpplne
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FUlplno
currency).
DIBITS— continued.
Revenues— Continaed.
Joint provixicial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83.
Cart
^371.76
88,882.60
5.32
33.07
W71.68
61,843.37
5.31
33.07
7,827.43
6,729.00
45,914.01
31,837.06
7,235.17
29.76
Land. 1905 and pnviouA yearn
Indnatrial
i^'ranchim^ tax, act No. 1303
All municipal —
Fishenea
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and prlTlleges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
MiffC^Haneons. . .
4&68
81,434.00
26,604.67
2,3oaoo
87,631.74
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
81,434.00
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-Chris-
tian portion .. .
69,47L07
Total revenues
180,714.14
349,831.96
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1456 and 1679. .
Insular payment lieu land tax, act No. 1476
24,497.19
6,026.04
168L86
760.00
6»60&59
32,666i04
9,234 72
Sales of galvanized iron-congressional relief
Repayments of loans by municipalities
Exchanges of on rrency '
8,751.48
38,08&17
41,90L66
8,751.48
Total debits
368,88L60
424,O7&08
8,761.48
CBEDXTS.
Exiwnditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
22.031.32
49,832.16
12,762.42
8,060.02
1.420.00
6,637.03
10,741.17
2.785.60
1,366.03
8,347.85
1,416.58
Salaries of provincial employees
RApair And'enniitnKtlnTi^f f>ntldlngS
Traveling expenses and per diems .T
Rentalsror buildings
Office supplies T.
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
Postage, mail and telegrams
2,66&24
5,302.82
20,27&00
286.24
' MiFt!elTaneous j. .
Roads and bridges—
T^bor and material.
Permanent equipment
Purchase of lana .
Schools—
AAlftries
203.60
29.75
2,4nk00
121.19
288.38
6a 00
6iai6
Renalrfl and construction of bulldinflm
Rentals for buildings
....
1
Office supplies
1
Permanent equipment
1
PtiTOhAJiA of land.
!
1
1
167,^3.44
1
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
6,731.88
8,675.48
Payment* to municipalities
420,742.13
I/oans to munlcipalifies ...
3,000.00
7,6oaoo
550 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF CEBU-Continiiied.
Proyincial
(PhiUppine
currency).
Municipal
(Pbilippine
ProTincua
(Mezksn
and
FOiplno
curreocy).
CREDITS— continued.
Mifloellaneous credits— Continued.
By revenue, joint provinciia-municipal— Refund cedulas,
W.00
Total miscellaneous credits ..,,,.
17,240.88
184.327.37
^420,742.13
3,336.80
8,575.48
Balance June 30, 1907
170.00
Total credits
358,881.09
424,078.93
8,75L48
PROVINCE OF ILOCOS NORTE.
[Population: Christian, 176,785; non-Christian, 2,210.]
DEBITS.
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
AU provincial—
Kegistry of property
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
Rental of provincial property. .
Prison labor
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous years.
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays ,
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Ced ulas, act No. 1 189 ,
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-ChriS'
tian portion
Total revenues.
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province— Insular payment lieu land tax,
acts Nos. 1465 and 1579
To expenditures, general purposes, provincial fund— Re-
fund repairs and construction of buildings
To expenditures, roads and bridges. Congressional relief-
Refund labor and material
Public contributions, school building fund, act No. 1275. . .
Transfer from rancherias fund
E xchanges of currency
Total miscellaneous receipts.
Total debits
CKEDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
Oeneral purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Traveling expenses and per dlems .....
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies.
Permanent equipment.
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
r 19, 764. 80
80.16
1,225l00
124.00
210.00
222.80
27.00
1,037.09
1,212.16
21,180.60
23,513.86
295.92
49,128.48
10,263.33
126.60
67.77
6,851.58
17,299.28
86,182.56
13,198.52
10,948.12
2,033.43
1,164.25
1,336.62
11,189.12
667.60
^8,782.14
27.00
1.037.01
1,62&68
1,484.63
16.456.00
16,961.06
1,905.70
2,727.01
150.72
104.50
416.63
21,180.50
1,781.00
80.00
23,670.86
87,630.89
13,684.50
32.00
13,716.50
110,129.63
BEPORT OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 561
PROVINCE OF ILOC08 NORTE -Continaed.
ProYlndal
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(PhiUppine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
CREDITS— continued.
Expendltares— Continaed.
Provlnci&l funds— Continaed.
General purposes— Continued. .
Feeding priiinneni
^5,582.42
451.63
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
PofftaKif^, mnll, ani telegram* , ,
48a 10
1,182.76
8»854.47
64.10
MlsceiSaneous
Roads and bridges—
T^bor and material
Permanent eouloment
Purchase of land
Schools-
Salaries
Renalrs and construction of buildinm.
1.00
64a 00
.50
2.00
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
I
Permanent equipment
'
Purchase of land.
Mi<KM^llaneoiis
140.48
8.30
830.12
14.45
4.25
Schools— Repairs and construction of buildings
School building fund, act No. 1275-
Schools—
Repairs and construction of buildings
Office BUDDlies
Misoellaneous ...
Total expenditures
58,703.30
Misoellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
Payments to municipalities
P110,064.56
Transfer to munidnal fund
32.00
27,357.26
TlalaTUVi JllfM 90. 1007
64.08
Total credits
86,182.56
110,120.53
PROVINCE OF ILOCOS SUR.
. [Population: Christian, 210,746; non-Christian, 28,525.]
166.94
120.00
403.50
9,438.04
4,734.88
DEBITS. I
Balance July 1,1906 r49,682.30 ^12,054. 73
Revenues:
All provincial—
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Rental of provincial property
Joint provlncia] and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous years
AH municipal—
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Property tax
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1180
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian portion
Cedulas. act No. 1180, non-Christian portion
1,764.34
34,044.00
Total revenues.
27,381.21
3,819.40 L
2,663w00 ;.
493.50
9,437.98
7,356.94
4,36&30
22,355.00
25,7ia28
3,049.32
8,063.41
493.10
94.60
203.87
2,457.61
31»381.00
4,664.00
290.00
28,21&16
82,86a97 148,637.07
552 BSPOBT OF XHB PHILIPPIKE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OP ILOC08 SUR-Ckmtinued.
Provincial
(PhUippine
currency).
Municipal
(PhUippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spaniab-
FiUpiiio
currency).
DEBITS— continaed .
MiBcolIaiieouB roo6ipt8!
Paymenta to provlno^-InBuUr payment lieu land tex,
acts Nos. 1456 and 1579
.P33,007.05
86.91
1,735.53
44L84
1.200.00
2,257.43
^43,487.01
To expenditures, roads and bridges, provincial fund-
D AfiifiH nAmriAnAnt Annf nmAfit _
To expenditures, seneral purposes, provincial fund— Re-
fim(i ofi)<x^ supplies ....
nftlra ft.nd ronntrniction of ouildlDffS . *..««*««--rr«TTi-
* Kffi>AvmAntfi of loans bv munfcipalitteflT ^t-^tt^
ExchAiimfl of currancv •.••.••••..•••••••••■••-•
1,49a 60
Totjil Tnlflcellaneous raoeiots r..-..,r*
38, 72a 76
43,487.01
1,4SQLOO
Total debits
171,272,03
204, 17a 81
3,254.94
CBED1T8.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
General purposes—
Salanes of nrovinclal oflBcials.
21,615.47
20,475.73
8,210.72)
4,35131
Balarie" of provincial emplnvAAn
Renair and construction of DuildinffS
\
Traveling expt^fiaAs and per dlama
Rp^ntals lor buildinss ...*..-. . r
Office supplies
Permanent eauinment
973.27
7,264.00
782.60
4,093.54
540.01
Clerk of court feies
SberUrsfees
Feeding prisoners ^rr-
1
Pmmiiiniii cm honda
Purchase of land
Coat tax aalea. ...,.,-,
32.62
1,100.00
2,451.55
17,657.61
Postase. mail and teleifama
MiscelTaneoua -,^,,
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment .,.....,-,-, t
Purchase of land r , , - -
Schools-
Salaries •-
Repairs and construction of buildings
Rentala for buildlnss . .
Of&oe sunnlies
2.98
916.35
Permanent eauinment
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous
582. 9G
4,935.66
64.00
15,738.26
215. 78
113.23
145.00
814.24
Conanessional relief fund—
General purposes—
Renaira and construction of buildings
Miffcellaneons
::::::::::':
School building fund, Act No. 1275—
Schools—
Repairs and construction of buildings
Miscellaneous
Non-Christian inhabitants fund-
General purposes, miscellaneous
Schools-
Salaries
Miscellaneous
1
Total expenditures
106,089.1X2
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
1,146.49
"*26i;i83.'36*
2,934.66
Pavments to munidnalltles
Loans to municipalities ■ 6.200.00
Total miscellaneous credits
'
7,346.49 I 201,133.30
2,984.66
Balance June 30. 1907
55,835.62 | 3,045.51
32a 28
Total credits
171,272.03
204,178,81
3,254.94
BEPOBT OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
558
PROVINCE OF ILOILO.
IPopaUtion: Cbrtitian, 408,932; non-Chiiitlan, 6,383.]
Provfncial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(Philppine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
DIBITS.
Balance July 1 , 1906
P112, 154. 58
^I9 7fa 90
2,681.24
Revenues:
All provincial—
uefcistry of property
1.266.05
354.40
4.00
41.00
.
MiscellaneouB
1
UiningfpAfl
Fare* "provincial launch , . . , ,
Joint provincial and munidpai^
Cart
94.80
4,126.63
94.79
4,618.74
5,463.17
9,904.00
55,729.44
26,911.50
12,723.21
1,471.70
655.20
456.95
46,763.00
15,649.60
690.00
54,085.09
Land, 1906 and prevloH* ye«-«»- - -
AU municipal—
Fishenes
Cattle registration
Rents, nroflts. and nrivitoms . . ^. . .
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estray B
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
46,763.00
Licenses, act No . 1 189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
35,500.29
854.66
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian portion
Total revenues
89,004.83
235,216.29
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province— Insular payment lieu land tax,
actsNos. 1455 and 1579
40,701.33
48.71
218.60
3,140.83
1,285.82
38,204.19
To expenditures, eeneral purposes, provincial fund— Re-
funa cost tax sales
Public contributions school building fund, act No. 1275. . .
Exchanges of currency
1,942.93
Repayment of loans by municipalities
45,485.38
38,204.19
1,942.93
Total debits
246,734.79
23,896.90
33,146.83
1,658.43
4,583.58
444 50
974.76
8,249.78
962.74
3,788.81
6,131.99
2,315.88
285,683.77
4,574.17
CREDrrs.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
Oeneral purposes—
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
1
Repair anooonstructlon of ouildlngs
Traveling expenses and per dlems
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees.
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds. . ..
Purchase of land . ,
Cost tax sales
Postage, mail and telegrams
1,120.00
7,886.12
29,543.78
2,911.00
Mlsoi^aneous.... "
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Pflrmanent eqniprpAnt
1
Purohase of lano '
1
Schools-
flftlariAff.
1
Repaira and construction of buildings
11,58&63
8iaoo
1
Rmtalff for bnlldlnflrff
1
Office supplies
Permanent eautPment . .
544.30
Purchase of land
MisoellaneouB
1,905.46
1
554
BEPOBT OP THE PHIUPPIKB COMMISSION
PROVINCE OF ILOILO-Continiied.
ProYinclal
(PhiUppine
currency).
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
ProTincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FlUpiiio
currency).
CREDITS— continued.
Expenditures— Continued.
School building fund, act No. 1276—
Schools—
7-40,302.90
43.90
P«nnfti»«nt f^uipment . "
*i
Total expendttuTM . . ^ .
101,812.29
Mlaoellaneons credits:
vixc^i^ngMi of cunwicy
1,40166
'ra3,'68&34'
4,08106
Payments to municipalities
Loans to municipalities
i,ooaoo
Total miscellaneous credits
2.494.56
62,427.94
283,096.34
1.987.43
4,08105
Bftlanw* Jnn« 30, 1907
491.12
Total credits
246,734.79
285,683.77
4,574.17
PROVINCE OF IBABBLA.
[Population: Christian, 68,793; non-Christian, 7,638.]
DEBITS.
Balance July 1, 1906
P^ 067. 77
P'3,57&43
3,645.48
Revenues:
All provincial—
Reiristrv of nroDertv
77.60
•
Hiflcplf aneous
Joint provincial and municipal—
CndnlM, ftAt Kft. M
15.00
15.00
Cart
Land. 1905 and previous years
1,514.70
2,019.87
222.50
4,646.00
2,240.74
1,75a 30
3,682.53
1,771.66
12.00
221.00
11,402.00
5, 79a 00
73aoo
9,2n.l4
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle x«gist ration
Rents, profits, and privilc^ges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous.
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
11,402.00
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
9,150.59
1,022.69
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
(^ristian portion
Total revenues
23,182.48
43,714.73
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579.
Congressional relief to inhabitants of Isabela
Public contributions school building fund, act No. 1275 . . .
RxchanffVM of cummcv ■,-. --
5,808.51
4,000.00
142.60
4,326.75
7,88a 24
2,082.10
Total miscellaneous reoelnts
14,367.86
7,8ea24
2,932.10
Total debits
65,61&11
66,15L40
6,577.56
CBKDIT8.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
(General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
12,428.26
6,322.11
1&60
2,571.34
975.00
1,087.32
1,218.21
4,728.53
Salaries of nrovincial emnlovees
RAnsir and construction of btiildinff" .
TmvAlinir AxnAnses and ner dlevn*. . ■,
Rental for bnfldl«g«*
Office suDDlies .../l
PnrmiinAnt AnnlTimAnt . .
Clerk Of courC fees
SEFOBX OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 556
PROVINCE OF IBABELA-Oontinaed.
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(PhUippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanisfa-
Fmpino
currency).
CBEDITB— continued.
£xpenditure»~Contini]ed.
Provincial funds— Continoed.
General purpoeee— Continued.
Sherifl'sfeea
r48aio
1,574.62
783.55
Feeding prtflonem
Prpmlumff on N>nd#. . .
Purchane of land
Coet tax sales
Postage, mall and tdegtams
6oaoo
W.IO
6,202.18
lia60
lfliif«lTiiiiAnnii .
Roads and bridges—
T/iiN>r snd mat<^rial
f*ermAnent equipment a
Pnmhase of land
'
Schools-
Salaries
!
Rfinaira and eonatrivstlon of hnfldli^gd,
2.60
61.83
Rental for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Puroha^ of iana '
HlsoeUaneous
80.00
1,689.40
463.17
10,707.26
73.25
Congressional relief fund, act No. 1406—
General purposes, miscellaneous
Roads and bridges, labor and material «
School buUding fund, act No. 1275—
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings
Non-Christian bihabiunt fund—
General purposes, miscellaneous
Total expenditures
52,367.93
2,255.25
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
*>64,"656.*77'
600.63
6,624.78
Payments to municipalities
Riilfliifl<«ji|iiA30, i<M)7....
10,994.93
9S2.80
Total credits
65,618.11
55,151.40
6,577.58
PROVINCE OF LA LAG UNA.
[Population: Christian, 148,606; non-Christian, none.]
Balance July 1, 1906.
DEBITS.
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
Prison labor
Bay-San Pablo toll road
Joint provincial and municipal—
C^ulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous yean.
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, afid privileges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
(^edulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christiar portion
Weights and measures, act No. 1519
P98,247.69
666.88
666.29
16.00
3,214.00
510.25
465.00
254.31
25,128.74
Total revenues..
23,85150
19,993.04
189.84
74,956.85
n5,16a75 1,756.76
465.00
254.44
33,605.23
690.89
4,3oaoo
37,992.73
7,125.36
5,658.31
36a 86
2,928.45
8.91
23,853.50
5,677.60
435.00
19,897.80
189.86
143,243.83
.12
.12
556 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF LA LAQUNA-Contimied.
Provincial
(PhiUppine
currency).
Municipal
(PhUipplne
currency).
ProTinciai
(Mexican
and
Spaniali-
Pmplno
CUlTBOCy).
DEBiTS—continued.
MisoellAiieouB receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579.
Special lippropriation, relief to municipality of ICavi-
P66,262.16
821.87
10,000.00
4.70
62L87
r88,3a&12
School building fund, act No. 1276
To expenditures, Beneral purposes, provincial fund— Re-
fund cost tax sales
;
TiTMinH tn nmviTMW nnt Nn. 1637
Exchanges of currency
546.08
llAnflirTnAntii nf Inflnn nv Tniinipinalltlna
138,83&80
88,336.12 1 S4&06
Total debits
312,043.24
246, 74a 70
2,302.96
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes—
SalariPA of orovinclal ofDcials -
16,358.68
36,732.16
20,118.13
5, 88a 96
1,07a 00
8,173.06
6,166.56
17,744.00
496.80
3,656.94
148.73
Salaries of jprovlnicftl employees ....
R<^nair ana construction of bwlldlnsra
Traveling expenses and per dlems . ^ . ^..-
Rentals for buildings ^
OflBoe sunnlies -
1
j
Permanent eouinment
Clerk of court fees
1
Sheriff's fees
Feedine nrisoners
Premiums on bonds. .
Purchase of lAnd , ,
Cost tax sales
Pontace. mail and t^lpCTams .
2,405.32
3,918.73
74,076.11
5,511.67
12&00
1,07&51
1
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
1
Permanent equipment
1
Piirehase of land . ,---...-.,...,.,
1
Schools-
Salaries
:
Renal ra and construction of buildlnes
1
Rentals for buildlnes
1,400.00
29.04
187.48
960.00
514.67
1,446.82
829.44
1
Office supplies
1
Permanent eouinment
PurnhRse of land . - -
1
Miscellaneous
1
Bay-San Pablo toll road fund, act No. 1617-
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
1
Permanent eouinment
1
Total expenditures
206,013.70
1
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanizes of currency
419.73
2,259.66
Pa3rments to municipalities
241,796.38
I^ans to municipalities
5,000.00
321.87
Allowances under section 42. act No. 1402
1
5,741.60
101,287.94
241,796.38 1 2,250.66
Balance June 30. 1907
4^944.32 ■ '4130
Total credits.
312,043.24 1 246.740.70 i 2. 302.96
'
BEPOBT OP AXJDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
PROVINCE OF LA UNION.
[PoptilatioD: Christian, 127,780; non^Shristian, 10,050.]
557
Provincial
(Philippine
cunenoy).
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
DEBITS.
Balance July 1 , 1906
y33,19L73
r27,784.68
Revenues:
All provlDcial—
Keidstrv of Drooertv
83.50
MiaoelkmeoUB
Rental of proTlnolal property
275.00
Joint provincial and municipal—
r^nl#j«, fl«tr Ko, 83. . . ,
Cart ....
1,728.12
2,41&93
1,728.13
3,213.48
2,731.14
7,661.00
13,772.76
1,75&46
3,060.14
27.80
4.50
Land, 1906 and previous years
All municipal —
Fisheries
rattle ti(»gi«trftt1on .
Rent", profits, and pi1viipg»w ,,,-.,.,
I#icenseff
Fines 1 -
Sales of estrays
Cemetery ...".
MlsceUaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas act No. 1189
15,204.00
15,204.00
2,683.75
215.00
17,110.48
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasnrv* act No. 1189
15,502.70
1,345.87
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian nortlon r ,.,,,,,,-.-
Total revenues
38,^54.92
69,166.64
Payments to province— Insular T»ayment lieu land tax,
acts Nos. 1455 and 1579
21,457.44
99.55
706.90
7,337.38
28,609.74
To expenditures, generat purposes, provincial fund—
Rpf iind rpnairs and constniotion of bnildinss .
Refund permanent equipment ,t,.-t r-r-r
iTxphanffpn of ourrencv ...
9,538.60
29,60a27
28,600.74
9,538.60
Total debits
99,346.92
125,560.96
9,538.60
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes—
RAlaneA of nrovlnclal officials. .
13,394.96
15,295l59
Salaries of nrovindal emnlovees.
Repair ann construction of ouildln^
TravelinfT exnenses and ner diems.T. . .
3,086.11
Rentals for bulldliuni
!
OfBoe BiiDDlidfl
1,936.97
Permanent eoulmnent . , , . . , , t
,
Clerk of court fees
9,244.00
347.64
1,903.90
405i05
Sheriff's fees
FeedinflT orinonerfl
Premiums on bonds
Purehase of land ,
Cost tax salefl .......
PontiurR mftil And IwlfVnLinii
432.74
2,029.04
7,620l92
M i soeliAneonH
Roads and bridges—
Laftbor and material
Ptirnhaiie of land
Pfirmanfint: eaiiinment . .
296.40
Schools-
Salaries .. .
T{An*.lr« AnA t^nmttmotAnn n1 biiildlnmi
1
Rentals for bulldlnffs
1
Office Bunnlies
'
84.45
Pnit^haiie of lAnn
107.17
208.64
1
Congressional relief fund—
Qeneral purposes, repairs and construction of build-
ings
558 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF LA UNION -Continued.
ProTindal
(PhUippine
cumncy).
Mnnldpal
(PbUlppine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexicui
and
Spaniah-
mpino
ciiiieucy).
CRKDITS— continued.
£xi>enditure8— Continued.
School building fund, act No. 1275—
Schools-
Repairs and'oonstructlon of buUdings.
Miscellaneous
School fund, act No. 1603—
Schools-
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Permanent equipment
Miscellaneous
Total expenditures.
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
Payments to municipalities.. .
Balance June 30. 1907
Total credits.
r8,471.62
192.25
11,824.76
26.13
61.53
76,920.47
7,337.38
15,060.07
99,346.92
ri22,382. 10
3,17&86
125,56(^96
9,538.60
9,538.60
PROVINCE OF LEPANTO-BONTOC.
[Population: Christian. 2.467; non-Christian. 70.283.]
Provincial.
Township.
ProTinciaL
DEBITS.
Balance July 1. 1906
^20,070. 12
i
n, 177. 89 1 «» -««
w-i™.. wv
Revenues:
All provincial—
Keffistrv of Dronerty
2.96
Miscellaneous
'i
Mining fees
322.00
276.00
57.67
10,044.00
Rentu of provlncicil property
Fees Justice of peace 'act No.' 139fi
Road tax, act No. 1396
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
*l
1
Cart
12.50
12.50
Land, 1905 and previous years
All municipal—
Fishenes.
2.20
3,394.00
756.05
220.10
173.10
Cattle registration
Rents. Droflts. and nrl vilefires
Licenses
Fines.
Sales of estrays
28.00
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
: --
Pronertv tax
2,064.82
6,240.00
102.50
5i00
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1 189
6,240.00
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
6,763.05
9,740.99
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180, township
and settlement portion
Total revenues
33,459.17
13,0Q8wl7
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Noa 1455 and 1579.
Geueral provincial purpose, act No. 1527
25,35a 00
Transfer from township and settlement fund
3,282.00
Exchanges of currency
769.23
392i2IO
Total miscellaneous reoeiots
26,119.23
3,252.00
392.20
Total debits
79,648.52
17,438.06
1.324.70
BEFOBT OF AUDITOB FOB PHIUFFINE ISLANDS. 559
PROVINCE OP LEPANTO-BONTOC-Contlnued.
PiOYlnclal
(Philippine
currency).
Township
(PhUippIne
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FUlpIno
currency).
CBXDIT8.
Expenditaras:
Provincial fandft—
General purpooM
Salaries of provindAl ofllolal0
^17,751.07
8,554.73
667.78
2,694.18
Salaries of provlneial emploms
Repair an^oonstruotion'of buildings
Travftlinff onwowe and per dlems .T
Rfmtaln for Iniildlngii
OffioB mppliefi
1,264.07
1,602.62
192.00
268.04
1,203.92
148.87
Perman^it eanipineni
Clerk of court MS
SherilTsfees
Feeding prisoners
Premliinis on bonds
Pun^hase of land
Cost tax sales ' 1
PostasB, mail and telegrams
395.20
1,986.16
13,637.37
197.39
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent CQuipment . .
Purchase of land
Schools-
Salaries I
Repairs and construction of buildings
i. 774.00
Rni tals for buHdlngs r.
Office supplies
22.50
2.82
Permanent equipment
1
Purchase of land . . .
1
Miscellaneous
1,690.97
176.67
1,400.00
1
Township and settlement fund—
General puiposes, repairs and construction of buildings
Roads and bridges, labor and material
1
1
Total expenditures
55,630.26
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchangw of wirrency
301.60
1,000.00
Payment to townships
P15,619.10
Transfer to township fund
3,252.00
Total miscellaneous credits
3,553.60
20,464.57
15,619.10 1 i.non.on
Balance June 30 1907 r
1,818.96
324.70
Total credits
79,648.52 \ 17. 4.%. OB
1,324.70
PROVINCE OF LEYTE.
[Population: Christian, 388,922; non-^Hu-istian, none.]
Balance July 1,1908
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
Fares, provincial launch
Rental of provincial property . .
Prison labor
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous years.
All municipal-
Fisheries....
FIf
Cattle registration.
Rents, profits, and privileges.
Licenses
Fines
Bales of eotrays
Cemetery
MlseeUaoeous
Provincial. Municipal. Provincisi.
^41,241.13
346.56
3.12
2.00
650.50
100.00
3,807.46
2.50
299.90
1,705.99
P^, 103. 99
2.50
299.90
2,274.55
7,713.49
6,812.00
23,719.91
33,838.08
10,909.95
242.75
2,054.44
780.40
1.00
560 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF LEYTE-Contlnaed.
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(PhlUppine
cunency).
ProTincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FlUpino
currency).
DEBITS— coDtinaed.
ReveDues— Continued .
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
M6,596.aO
fr86,896.50
22,571.00
2,125.00
52,075.29
Lioenaea, act No. 1180
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. iiso
41,421.81
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian portion
Total revenues
114,936.34
231,235.31
1.00
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province, insular payment lieu land tax, acts
Nofl. 1466 and 1579
28,902.60
1,478.07
38,574.00
Bxdianses of currency
i,ift5.76
* Total miscellaneous receipts
80,376.67
38,574.00
1,165.70
Total debits
186,553.14
291,913.30
1,947.10
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
17,450.69
26,7(».71
2,546.98
11,279.95
516.00
8,220.64
8,079.25
15,696.00
4,862.42
5,307.27
1,382.32
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair and construction of bulldliigs
!...:
Traveling exnenses and ner diems
1 ' "
Rf^ntals for Duildiiura
1
Office supplies
1
Permanent eauioment
■
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
•
Postage, mad and tfllegrftnuj ,..,
3,342.44
8,158.92
9,700.73
237.50
1
Miscdianeous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment .....
1 '
Purchase of land
1
Schools-
Salaries •
520.00
Repairs and construction of buildings
Rentals for buildings
950.00
23.29
577.42
Office sunnlles
1
Permanent e<iuipment ,
1 .
Purchane of land
Miscellaneous
81.92
82.70
41.00
Special school fund-
Schools—
Reoairs and construction of huildlnirs
Purchase of land
Total expenditures
115,200.15
1
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchances of currency
896.65
■"'289;83i"25'
40.83
1,915.00
Payments to municipalities
By revenue, Joint provlnclal'munlcipal, refund stamps
nrevious vears .
40.82
Total miscellaneous credits
937.47
70,319.52
289,873.08
2,040.22
291,913.30
1,915.00
Balance June 30, lfl07 -. ,
32.10
Total credl ts ".
186,663.14
1.947.10
BEPOBT OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE I8LAJB9DS.
561
PROVINCE OF MINIXORO.
[Population: ChriBtlu, 32^118; non-Christian, 7.264.]
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
All provincial—
Registry of property ,
MlaceUaneoiM ,
Mining fees
Fares, provincial launch
Fees, Justice of the peace, act No. 1306.
Fees, provincial sheriff, act No. 176
Road \ax
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous years
Industrials
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Property tax
Cedulas, act No. 1397
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189— town-
ship and settlement portion
Provincial
(Philipploe
currency;.
n6,294.51
9.00
82.00
19.96
212.00
37.44
10,222.00
1.25
2.56
Total revenues.,
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular pftjrment lien land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1570 .
General provincial purpose, act No. 1527
Bales of rice, Congressional relief
To expenditures, refund office supplies
Transfer from township and settlement fund
Exchange of currency
Total miscellaneous receipts.
Total debits
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial ftmds—
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair and construction of buildings.
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
Postaffe, mail and telegrams
MisceUaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land
4,939.00
3,539.26
6,299.86
24,361.35
28,500.00
5.97
186.67
I Provincial
Township (Mexican
(Philippine
currency)
and
Bpanlsh-
Filiplno
I currency).
ri6L76
1.25
2.56
2,236.34
4,830.00
2,296.22
975.90
2,167.72
150.00
5,58402
92.64
4,939.00
632.50
35.00
23,952.05
1,000.01
28,602.64
1,000.01
79.348.50
13,497.28
8,322.00
3.81
7,563.73
662.07
191. 16
230.48
1,633.44
209.08
25,113.81
200.00
130.91
11024^WAB 1907— VOL 7-
-36
562 BEFOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE C0MMI6SI0K.
PROVINOB OF MINDORO-ConUntied.
ProTlndal
(Philippine
ourrancy).
Township
(PhUipplne
currency).
PzoTindAJ
(Mexican
and
Spaoleh-
^4lipino
ctuivsucy).
CREDITS— continued.
Expenditores— 0>ntinue(i.
Provincial funds— Continued.
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildings .
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies.
Permanent equipment.
)of land
Purchase 4
Miscellaneous
Road and bridge and public work fund-
General purposes, repairs and construction of build-
ings
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Congressional relief fund, act No. 1406—
General purposes-
Repairs and construction of buildings
Permanent equipment
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Township and settlement fund—
Genend purposes, miscellaneous
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Schools, salaries
Total expenditures.
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
Payments to townships
Payments to townships, township and settlement fund.
Transfer to township fund
Total miscellaneous credits.
Balance June 30, 1907
Total credits.
P19,fi07.68
128.20
1,661.37
19.96
2.00
aa2i
025.00
244.00
56,063.30
soaoo
1,000.01
i,floaoi
22,485.10
79,84&50
P25,063.36
25,068.36
60l45
25,113.81
PROVINCE OF MI8AMI8.
[Population: Christian, 132,601; non-Christian, 21,473.]
BalanoeJuly 1,1906...
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Mi scellaneous :
Mining fees
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83.
Cart
Land, 1906 and previous years
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Miscellaneous
Cattle registration, non-Christian inhabitants
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian i>ortion
Total revenues.,
Provincial. Municipal. ProvinciaL
P'22,S9ai2
80.50
4.74
2.00
7.00
19&00
3, 87a 61
556.00
17,828.00
22,62L01
2,875.17
48.043.03
rO,607.S7
7.00
198.00
5,062.06
1,66140
1,504.00
7,067.69
7,409.17
8,«7.44
164.16
1,204.90
17,828.00
0,489.00
66a 00
17,754.80
73.4ia70
BEFOKT OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 568
PROVINCE OF MISAMIS-Contlnaed.
Provincial
(PhlUppine
Municipal
(PhUippine
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
DBBIT8— continued.
Miaoellaiieoafl receipts:
Payments to province— Insular payment lieu land tax, acts
Nos. 1455 and 1579
no, 613. 70
139.61
^14,148.45
Exchanp^s of cMTTWcy
181.50
10,768.31
14,148.45
181.50
Total debits ,
81,186.46
97,166.72
181.50
CRXDIT8.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes—
Salaries of provincial officials
11,942.82
7,884.56
404.94
3,800.16
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair and^nstruction of buildings
Travelins; expenses and per diems r«
RentAlfl for b^iildings
Office supplies ."
638.55
2,921.96
5,248.00
579.70
6,753.27
157.00
Permanent equipment ... . ^ .
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff'sfees
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds ............
Pnmliase of land .
Cost t8.x sales
Postage, mall and telegrams
748.70
774.69
285.52
iiisceJIabeous .T
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
PurchAffA of land
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildings
4.00
766.66
Ratals for buildings "
Office supplies ". .
Permanent equipment
Purohase of lan(f
Miscellaneous
116.12
64.23
66.72
Non^hrlstian inhabitants fund-
General purposes, salaries of provincial employees
Total expenditures
43,147.52
189.62
Miscellaneous cradits:
Exchanges of currency. . .
**88,"966.'35*
8,210.87
181.50
Pavments to munidDalities
Balance June 30, 1907
37,899.32
Total credits
81,186.46
97, 166. n
181.50
PROVINCE OF MORO.
[Population: Christian, 66,376; non-Christian, 335,401.]
BalanceJuIy 1,1906.
Revenues:
All provincial—
DEBITS.
Registry of property
Firearms permits ,
Sales of products of the trade school
Tribal ward court fines
CeduJas (Moro, act No. 5)
Licenses ,
Land (Moro, act No. 42)
Sales of products of the San Ramon farm
Moro exchange
Rental of provincial property
Prison labor
Shell-flshing licenses
Sales of Chinese tobacco
Customs
Customs— Arrastre plant, Jolo, act No. 1432.
Miscellaneous
ri35,270.47
410.05
1,939.60
1,666.07
549.10
21,406.00
275 00
33,354.28
12,538.15
8,688.76
130.00
45.00
4,600.00
13,880.60
369,029.89
3,037.96
8.86
ri,778.70
27.20
564
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF IfORO-Continaed.
ProTlndal
(Philippine
cumDcy).
ManlclpAl
(PhUipplne
oamnoy).
ProTindal
(Mexican
and
Spanlab-
Fnipino
currency).
DEBITS— contlnaed.
Revenoee— Continued.
All municipal—
sbenes.
Fl8b
Cattle registration.
Rents, profits, and privileges.
Fines
Bales of stray animals.
Frontage
Latrine.
Bulldinff permits..
Street cleaning
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189.
Total revenues.
Miscellaneous receipts:
Exchanges of currency .
ToUl debita.
CRBDIT8.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
Oeneral purposes—
Salaries of provincial oflidals
. Salaries of brovindal emplovees
Repair and construction of buildings . . : .
Traveling expenses and per dlems
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies.
Permanent equipment,
urtfees
Clerk of court
SherifTsfees.
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Ckwt tax sales
Postage, mail and telegrams
]tft«OftllitTi*>ou<i
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material.
Permanent eaulpment .
I of land
Purchase (
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs uid construction of buildings.
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies.
Permanent equipment.
)of land
Purchase (
Miscellaneous.
Congressional relief fund-
General purposes, postage, mail and telegrams .
Roads and bridged
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Total expendltuns .
Miscellaneous credits:
Advances to customs officers
Advances to customs officers, arrastrs.
Payments to municipalities
Exchanges of currency
Total miscellaneous credits .
Balance June 30, 1907
Total credits.
P'124.65
5,OS9.00
34,UL87
57,172.63
25,684.78
38.20
3,066.72
1,996.92
3.00
571.00
r24,167.00
97,696.42
r6,722.a0
1,295.00
593,214.83
124,835.77 |.
20.92
728,506.22
128,614.47
27.20
49,706.00
107,289.72
89,839.40
12,803.07
4,455.00
8,465.65
13,258.84
2, 72a 00
70L08
12,954.53
2,20L77
319.95
4.130.78
74,252.27
12,32&16
4136
83,134.90
1,333.50
5,468.78
876.26
7,895.98
4,50a00
4,736.32
27.92
32,18L80
664.42
536,288.65
81,263.23
i,5oaoo
126,614.47
82,763.23
109,454.44
728,506.22
126,614.47
126,614.47
27.20
27. »
27.20
BEPOBT OF AX7DIT0B FOB PHILIFPINE ISLANDS.
566
PROVINCE OF NUEVA ECUA.
[Population: Christian, 132,909; non-Chrlstlan, 1,148.1
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
ICunlcIpal
(PhUIppIne
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
DXB1T8.
Balance July 1,1906
F29,873.19
F7,463.34
Revenues:
All provincial—
Kegistry ol property
246.66
Mlsoellaneoua
Mining f««*
26.00
Leo
Prison labor
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
2,494.10
1,019.96
2,494.10
1,049.30*
6,856l32
3,884.00
11, 39a 32
3,794 40
3,160.13
2,466.70
39L86
379.63
16,963.00
2, 93a 83
180.00
17,808.11
Land, 1905 and previous y^rs
All municipal—
Fisherfee.
OanlA rngiAtri^tiOn .
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses '.
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
liiiwellanftoutt . , ,
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1180
16,983.00
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. iiSO
4,292.18
163.72
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Chrtrtlan portion
Total revenues
24,217.13
71,263.60
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment Ueu land tax, acts Nos. 1456 and 1679.
Congressional reUef to InhabiUnts of Nueva Ectja
Province, act No. 1406
23,812.47
600.00
lOLOO
24,110.82
To expenditure, Congressional relfef, general purposes-
Refund permanent equipment
Fxchangwff of c»irren<fy .' , . .
24,413.47
24,110.82
Totaldebits
78,603.79
102,837.75
CKXDITB.
Exi)endltures:
Provincial funda—
General purpose*—
Salaries of provincial ofllcia^
10,473.55
12,26&89
244.74
2, 7601 62
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair andjDonstruction^f buildings
Traveling exp'^nxAs and per dtems
Rentain ^(iT i^nfidingit . . .*!
Office supplies
1,37a 92
324.61
648.00
433.22
2,878.51
439.97
Permanent equlprnfljitr ^ r . - , r . , . r . , . , , .
Clerk of court ft»s
SherifTsfees
FeedinflTDrisoners... ....
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
PontJifle- Tntttt AnH teleirramfl . .
84L71
2,11L49
4,728.66
94.07
MlsoeUaneous
Roads and bridges—
* Jjabor and material
PArmiLTiATil: AniilTiTnATi±
Pu«jha»6 of land
Sohools-
RaiarfAff "
Renalrs and construction of bulldlnirs, . . r . x . - x - . , .
6&62
Rentals for bulldlnss
Office sQDDlies .
PnnnAnATif pniilmnftnt. . ....... ...^...
&00
Purchase of land .... ,,, - ,---,- . .
IfflflMdlRTIAOUa.... ., ,-^-
566
BEFOBT OF THE PHILIPPIKE COMMISSION.
PROVINCB OF NUBVA ECUA-Gcmtixiiied.
ProTixKsial
(Philippine
currenoy).
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
Prorincial
(Meziean
and
'Ilipino
currency).
CREDITS— continued.
Expenditures— (Continued.
CongressloDal relief fund—
General purposes-
Repairs and oonstruotlon of buildings
Miscellaneous
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings. .
School building fund, act 1275—
Schools-
Repairs and construction of buildings
Miscellaneous
Non-(yhristlan inhabitants fund-
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings..
^516. 49
131.55
624.00
1,300.85
5l20
50.00
Total expenditures
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
Payments to municipalities
Repayments of loans to insular government, act No. 681.
Balance June 30, 1907
42,307.56
6,000.00
30,196.23
P-100,0S3. 43
2,784.32
Total credits.
78,503.79
102,837.75
PROVINCE OF NUEVA VIZCAYA.
[Population: Christian, 16,026; non-Christian, 46,515.]
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Township
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FIliplBo
currency).
Balance July 1, 1906 ,
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Miscellaneous ,
Road tax. act No. 1396
Fees, justice of the peace, act No. 1396
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83 .',
Cart
Land. 1905 and previous years
. All municipal-
Fisheries ,
Cattle registration : ,
4lents. profits, and privileges ,
Licenses ,
Fines
Sales of estrays
(Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Property tax
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, township
and settlement portion
ril,191.29
r2,960.36
99.79
6,366.00
72.00
727.61
727.63
33.00
853.00
980.70
868.36
358.40
331.00
2,971.50
6,440.70
2,«n.50
374.60
5,582.68
8,374. 02
Total revenues. .
24,193.60
13,938.79
B£PORT OF AUDITOB POB PHILIPPINE ISLAKD8. 667
PROVINCE OF NUEVA VIZCAYA-Contlnned.
ProYindal
(PhiUppine
curreocy).
Township
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanith-
FUipino
currency).
DIBITS— continued.
Mlfloellaneoat leoelpts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1466 and 1579.
General provincial purpose, act Na 1IB7 ;..
School building fund, act No. 1276
To expenditures, general purposes, provincial funds— Re-
■ onus.
fund premiums on bon
Transfer from township and settleniant fund.
Exchanges of currency .
pao,6oaoo
6,6oaoo
64.72
W, 743. 79
Total miscellaneous zeoeipts.
Total debits
26,16172
2,74S.79
CBBDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
(}eneral purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair ana construction of Dulldings
Travellne expenses and per dlema
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
Postage, mall and telegrams
IClsoeuaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Schools-
Salaries
' Repairs and oonstruotlon of buildings
Rentals for buildings
. Miscellaneous
Road and bridge and public works fund-
General purposes, repairs and construction of build-
ings.
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Provincial building fund-
General purposes, repairs and construction ofbuild-
ings.
School building fund, act No. 1275—
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings.
Township and settlement fund-
General purposes, salaries of provincial employees . . .
VlUaveide trail fund-
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Total expenditures
MIscellaneodB credits:
Exchanges of currency
61,649.61
9,658.38
7,147.26
818. 34-
1,448.06
249.00
1,161.46
908.99
48.00
181.94
863.36
427.76
421.75
217.01
199.10
8.33
&00
225.00
aoo
279.67
6,251.99
5,057.26
7,531.80
1,864.00
2,6ia63
19,642.94
46, 97a 08
Payments to townships
'^ iplund..
Transfer to township
Balance June 30, 1007
Total credits.
2,743.79
11.835.79
19,589.94
53.00
61,549.61
19,642.94
568
SEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OP OCCIDENTAL NSQROS.
[Population: Christian, 303,660; non-Christian, 4,612.]
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
DEBITS.
BalaiVM* Jiiiy 1, 1W6
^97,996.35
r22,880.74
1,407.06
Revenues:
All provincial—
Registry of property.
2,578,73
12.22
1,180.50
12.00
MlfKvllan^ns ... .. .,
Prison labor :
Rental of provincial property
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart.
980.85
10,940.62
989.44
13,55L44
3,09458
6,180.00
15,439.19
7,04a 02
4,117.53
961.45
3,902.01
129.55
40,553.00
9,583.00
94a 00
40,658.98
Land, 1905 and previous years
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration . .
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses.
• Fines.
Sales of estrays
Cempti^ry ..... ' r
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189.
40,653.00
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461.
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
27,542.66
617.54
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-Chris-
tian portion.
Total revenues
84,427.21
147,746.19
* " "
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province, insular pasrment lieu land tax, acts
Nos. 1456 and 1579.
39,007.n
7,365.24
742,96
1,082.35
47,796.21
Public contributions school building fund, act No. 1275.. . .
Sales of rice, Congressional relief.
F^ChangRJi of c""nncy. .....
Total miscellaneous receipts
48,196.26
230,621.82
47,796.21
218,423.14
Total debits
1 407 06
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
17,748.61
26,158.13
23,746.54
3,754 63
850.00
1,904 39
3,521.05
2,360.12
2,122.28
3,48413
1,158.71
i,ooaoo
141.56
2, 187. 52
1,032.66
25,583.71
6,365.42
Salaries of provincial employees
• Repair and^construction of ouildlngs
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rentals for buildings
•. t
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
Postage, mail, and telegrams
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Purehase of land
Bohools-
BalRriAii
67.50
62.53
2,272.00
Repairs and construction of bfulldings
Rentals for buildlngc
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
1
BEPOBT OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 569
PBOVINCE OF OCCIDENTAL NBOBOB-Contlnoed.
Provincial
(PhiUpplne
currency).
Municipal
(Philippine
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
curruicy).
CBBDIT8— continued.
ProTincial f onds— Contlnaed.
flchoolfl— Continued.
Purduwe of land
r&28
704.19
700.00
20,700.70
13.95
MtoOAllAnAonff
ConneBRional relief fund—
SchoolB, rapain and construction of Inilldingi
Bdhool building fund, act No. 127S-
Schools-
Keoairs and construntion of bulldinn
-
Mf ficAllanA<>U<» , ,
Total expenditures
147,647.61
MIsoellaneous credits:
'Rxcbanges of <nirrency . *
1,407.05
Payments to municipalities
r2H457.79
Balance June 90, 1907. ,.
83,074.21
13,965.35
Total credits
230,021.82
218,423.14
1,407.06
PBOVINCE OF OBIENTAL NEOBOS.
[Population: Christian, 184,889; non-Christian, 16,605.]
Balance July 1, 1906
Bevenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property. —
MiscelUmeous
Prison labor
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83.
Cart.
Land, 1906 and previous jreare .
All municipal—
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Bents, profits, and prl vileges
Licenses
Fines
Bales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Befund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Befund from insular treasury, act No. 1180, non-Chris-
tian portion.
r78,a84.78
168.25
16l19
a 10
329.00
3a 05
16,877.87
Total revenues.
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province— Insular payment lieu land tax,
acta Nos. 1456 and 1679
Public contributions school buildinc fund, act No. 1275. . .
Bepayments of loans by munioipalitlee
Exchanges of currsncy
Total
Total debits
miscellaneous receipts .
23,8ia60
18,725.13
2, 22a 35
61,178.44
12, 37a 06
i,5oaoo
2,682.50
1,608.85
18,162.30
157,716.62
P9,667.48
329.00
38w05
19,739.33
1,170.03
4,663.00
8,.'Si9&23
2,484.71 I
1,720.69
17.00
32.10
23,8iaS0
7,857.00
675.00
24,755.96
95,791.50
15,768.45
15, 768. 45
121,227.43
2,208.62
2, 20a 62
2,206.02
570 BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPIKB G0MMI88I0K.
PROVINCE OF ORIENTAL NEOROS-^^ontinued.
Provincial
(PhiUppine
currency).
Municipal
(PhiUppine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
SpanJsb-
^liplno
carzency).
CREDITS.
Expendituras:
Provincial funds^
General purpoMB—
Salaries of DroTlodal offlclalp>
ri2,317.44
12,260:77
8,067.60
3, 66a 96
1,183.33
1,228.90
4,103.88
864.00
319.00
272.06
7,3oaoo
Sidaiies of brovixkcial emplo vees
Repair axi<rcon"tn]ct<<m'of f^iikiinga
TrAVAlinir ATTwuiflAa iui<1 rmr dleniB .T
R«ntR|ip ^>»• K»ind*ne5^. . '
Office supplies
Permanent eauiDment
Clerk of court fees
'
Sheriff' s fees
Feeding prisoners
Pramiiiinii rm bonds .... - . . , ,
Piirohaffe of land - - - -
Cost tax sales '. . .
Postsim. mail and M«irrftm«i . .
1,022.02
1,667.13
2,861.18
11.60
Mlsosuaneous
Roads and bridges—
T^abnr itnd mAtArlAl
i
Permanent eQu^pwient
1
Purchase of land
1
Schools-
Salaries
Rnpaf rn and oon"tnv^on nf bnildings
12.00
3,846.83
Ratals for buildhun
OfBce supplies
Permanent equipment
Purchaflfl of lan<!l . . . . , -
If iaoellaneoun
6.58
744.81
1,908.90
21,08132
iiai4
68.36
Congressional relief fund—
Knu/lfl And bridmw. labor and material
Schools, repairs and ooostruction of building
School building fund, act No. 1275-
Schools-
Repairs and construction of building" .
Permanent equipment T. ^ .
Miscellaneous'. .'
1
Total expenditures
81,931.87
Ififloellaneous credits:
Rxchanfles of ffiimniRv
1,60&91
2,206.63
Payments to mimicipalities. -
r 117, 236. 81
Repayments of loans to insular government, act No. 1018. .
4,ooaoo
Total mlsoellaneous credits
6,698.91
70,084.74
117)236.81
3,991.62
2,206.62
Balance June 30. 1907.
^__^^ _ '**
Totalciedits.
157,716.62
121,227.48
2,206.62
PROVINCE OF PALAWAN.
[Population: Christian, 28^62; non-Chrtatian, 6,844.]
9
Provincial
(PhiUppine
currency).
Township
(PhUippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spaniah-
FiUpIno
currency).
DCBrm.
Balance July 1, 1906
fl5,636.83
^4,3351 89
•
611.00
All provincial—
Reffistry of DroDertv
Prison labor
648. ii
4,288.00
180.68
116.65
1
Road tax, act No. 1396
Justice of peace fees, act No. 1396
Fares, provincial launch
BEPORT OP AUDITOB FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
PROVINCE OF PALAWAN-ContlDoed.
571
DIBITS— continued .
Revenues— Continued.
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas. act No. 83
Cart
Land. 1905 and previous years —
An municipal—
erfes...
Fiaheri
Cattle registration.
Rents, profits, and privileges .
• Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Mls(Jfcllaneous
Property tax
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189, township
and settlement portion
Cedulas, act No. 1189, townshtp and settlement portion.
Opium certificates, act No. 1461, township and settle-
ment portion
Total revenues.
IfineOaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax. acts Nos. 1455 and 1579.
General provincial purpose, act No. 1527
To expenditures, roads ana bridges, provincial fund-
Refund labor and material
To expenditures, schools, provincial fund-
Refund repaiis and construction of buildings
Exchanges of currency
Transferred from township and settlement fund
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Township
(Philipptaie
currency).
Total miscellaneous receipts.
Total debits
CKBD1T8.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair and construction of buildings
Traveling expenses and per diems
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
SherifTs fees
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Postage, mail and telegrams
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges, permanent equipment
Schools, pennanent equipment
Road and bridge and public works fund-
General purposes, repairs and construction of build-
ings
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Schools, repairs slxmI construction of buildings
School buUding fund, act No. 1275—
Schools-
Repairs and construction of buildings
Olnce supplies
Miscellaneous
Provincial launch fund, act No. 1478—
General purposes, permanent equipment
Industrial and agricultural school fund, act No. 1961—
Schools, repairs and construction of buUdlngs.
P3,786.00
4,014.76
4,779.56
44.50
17,762.06
18,070.00
1,278.39
335.13
616.62
20,300.14
53,509.03
7,179.96
3,746ul6
2,116.85
3,545.45
a6a28
1,078.09
640.00
76.00
764.54
136.12
18&12
9,325.12
721.24
300.29
764.46
1,346.43
.45
468.90
1,065.60
.35
142.09
1,616.42
73.46
P396.45
1,629.00
511.76
624.65
352.00
1.00
1,287.16
3,740.50
412.50
55.00
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
mpino
currency).
9,012.02 I
3,860.78
190.60
3. 86a 78
17,208.60
190.50
801.50
672 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMinSSION.
PROVINCE OF FALAWAN~€<mtlnued.
Provincial
(PhUippine
currency).
Township
(Philippine
currency).
ProTinci*!
(MexioM
and
Spanlsh-
FUipino
currency).
CREDITS— continued.
Expenditures— Continued .
Township and settlement fund—
General purposes-
Salaries of employees
Miscellaneous
Total expenditures. .
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
Payments to townships
Transferred to township fund.
Total miscellaneous credits.
Balanoe June ao, 1907
Total credits. .
P"130.00
ia74
35,711.71
146.54
3,860.78
^16,386.74
801. SO
4,007.32
13,880.00
16,386.74
821.05
801.59
53,509.03
17,208.60
801.50
PROVINCE OF PAMPANQA.
[Population: Christian, 212,666; non-Christian, 1,096.]
Prorinclal
(PhlUppine
currency).
Municipal
(Philippine
cuiiency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Miscellaneous »
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous years
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licen ses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1180
Licenses, act No. 1180
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180, non-Chris-
tian portion .*
P'146,006.91
ri7.236.44
413.21
15a 00
1,584.06
7,287.66
25,641.00
10,073.25
147.02
1,584.04
8,461.45
1,81&80
3,301.00
20,758.50
8,467.54
3,003.83
88.50
2,506.65
2,057.05
25,64L00
3,287.50
415.00
20,812.82
Total revenues..
55,107.10
111,205.48
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province, insular payment lieu-land tax,
acts Nob. 1455 and 1570
To expenditures, general purposes, refund cost tax sales. .
To expenditures, schools, refund misoellaneoos, idiool
builaing fund, act No. 1276
Public contributions, school building fund, act No. 1275...
Exchanges of currency
70,822.17
376.86
161.07
13.00
85,875.17
Total misceUaneooB receipts.
Total debits
71,378.09
85,375.17
272,57&00
213.907.09
BEPOBT OF AUDITOR FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
578
PROVINCE OF PAMPAGNA-Continued.
• Provincial
(PhUipptne
curreooy).
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
jfUlplno
currency).
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
ProTlndal lunds—
General purpQse*-
Salarlos of provincial officials ,
F14,481.42
27,887.67
3, on. 12
2,932.13
1,945.00
1,003.60
1,596.11
656.00
S2&88
4,752.40
836.44
•
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair anrfnnnfltnirtion of BxilfdIngS
Traveling expenses and per diems.T
1
RentaU Yf*r Kiilldingii . . .'. , . ,
1
Office supplies T.
Permanent enuipTnept
1
Cleric of oouH fees
Sheriff's fees ,
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales ........
Postage, mall and telegrams
1,506.74
2,278.21
26,029.73
2,574.84
1
Miscellaneous
1
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
1
Permanent cQuipment
1
Purchase of lana ...
1 **
Schools-
Salaries
1
Repairs and construction of buildings
600.53
l,2iai6
Rentals for 1^uildl^gs
Office supplies . . . . T.
Permanent equipment
1,077.48
Purchase of land
1
Miscellaneous
867.57
10,925.50
200.00
1
School buUding fund, act No. 1275—
Schools-
Repairs and construction of bufldlngs
1
Permanent equipment "
Total expenditures
106, 99a 53
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of curwncy . , -
Payments to municipalities
r204,23&91
Loans to municipalities
3,000.00
162,587.47
Balance June 30, 1907
0,668.18
Total credits.
272,57&00
213,907.09
PROVINCE OF PANGASINAN.
[Population: Christian. 439.135; non-Christian, 3,386.]
DEBITS.
BaUnoe July 1,1006
Revenues:
All provincial—
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas. act No. 83.
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous years.
^83,00102
6,579.47
5.88
36.00
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opitun certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1180, non-
Chrlstlan portion
8,639.63
8,076.06
Total revenues.
58,724.50
39,50L34
453.36
P-33,442.05
1,806.01
8.639.58
10,385.90
17,287.64
28,373.00
49,062.58
11,708.55
18,47L63
2,703.97
1,614.45
2,167.76
58,724.50
12,536.66
705.00
58,798.63
.01
122.016.24 1 281,159.85
.01
574
REPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF PANQASINAN-GoDUnaed.
.
Provincial
(PhUippine
currency).
Municipal
(Philipp^e
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spaniab-
Ffliplno
currency).
DEBITS- continued.
MlsoelUneous receipts:
Payments to province, insular payment lieo-Iand tax, acts
Nos. 1465 and 1579
7*58,950.18
14,162.38
5oaoo
3,0201 96
^75,924.30
Public contributions, school building fund, act No. 1275.. .
Repayments of loans by muolcipaliiies
Kxciianinw of currency .....,.,,T.rr
2,382.93
Total miscellaneous noeiots
76,633.52
75,924.36
2,382.93
Total debits
281,653.78
390,526.26
4,18&96
CSBDITS.
Expenditures:
Proylncial funds—
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
20,654.94
54,996.11
11,727.87
5,332.16
300.00
1,483.46
16,603.00
2,705.06
1,121.48
4,416.63
1,339.42
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair and'construction'bf buildings
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rentals for l>uilding8 . . .*.
Office supplies T.
Permanent equipment ,....,...
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
.9
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purrhajpe of land , , . . ,
Cost tax sales
1
Postage, mail and telegrams
1,752.58
6,221.14
87,032.70
6,755.54
'
MisceKTaneous "
1
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
1
Permanent equipment
Purphase of lana
Schools-
Salaries
946.19
304.41
2,123w00
j
Repairs and construction of buildings
Rentals for buildings ... ^ - -
Office supplies T.
Permanent equipment
165.50
Purchase of lancT
Miscellaneous t x
811.19
Total expenditure*
236,092.46
'
ICisoellaneous credits:
Exchange" of currency -
1,833.03
'■*384,' 322.07'
3,927.20
Payments to municipalities. ...»
TvuLTM tn TniiniHTtfLlitlAii
3,600.00
948.74
liosses. act No. ito
164.26
Total miscellaneous credits
6,281.77
48,679.65
384,322.07
6,20119
4,081.56
TIaIatimi Jiitia 3ft 1007
107.40
Total credits ,..,..
281,653.78
300,690.26
4,188.96
PROVINCE OF RIZAL.
[Population: Christian, 148,502; non-Christian, 2,421.]
DEBITS.
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1906 and previous years .
^43,798.66
1,057.24
i,5oaoo
6400
139.37
15,792.49
P'14,197.68
139.25
19,504.60
BEPORT OW AUDITOR FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 576
PROVINCE OF RIZAL-Coniinaed.
•
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
DEBITS— continued.
Revenues— Continued .
All municipal—
Fisherfn.
^4, 276. 82
2,214.00
47,460.80
17,677.49
8,597.06
219.15
964.10
309.82
1,«)1.11
17,839.00
16,999.26
160.00
19,883.91
Cattle registration
Rjsnts, proAts, and privileges
Licenses
Fines
Bales of estrays
Cemetery
Franchise tax, act No. 1112
f5«dulaip, act Na. 1189
^17,829.00
Lloenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. il89
13,472.03
324.16
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian portion
Total revenues
50,178.29
156,946.42
Payments to province— Insular payment lieu land tax,
acts Noe. 1455 and 1679
36,506.61
76,000.00
42,202.85
Loans to province, act No. 1637
Exchanges of currency
1
Total miscellaneous receipts
110,606.61
42,202.85
Total debits
204. 573. 55
213,345.95
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposea—
Salaries of provhiolal ofllclals
13,677.06
21,082.72
1.633. 40
2,654.25
1,378.90
2,622.73
2,361.62
4,083.40
391.56
4,696.98
239.09
Salaries of Drovlndal emolovees .
Repair and construction of buildings
Traveling expenses and oer diems ...
Rentals for buildings. . .1
OfDoe supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
1
Premiums on bonds
Purohaip^ of 'and
Cost tax sales
Pofftage. mall and telegram*
560.66
1,121.48
27,186.90
440.00
M IscelTaneous ..".
Roads and bridgea—
Labor and material , , , . .
Permanent eQulpment
Purchase of ianj
1
Schools-
Salaries
71.28
182.40
190.00
Repairs and construction of buildings
Rentals for buildiim
Office supplies
Permanent eauloment
26.27
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous
10.50
4,799.30
90.48
School building fund, act No. 1275-
Schools-
Repalrs and construction of buildings
Mlffr4>1lAnfK>"«....
Total exTMndituns.... .. X
80,430.17
HIaoellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
PAvm«nf« tn Tniinlnln&litlMi
210,761.36
2,694.50
Balance June 30. 1907
116,148.88
Total cndita
204,573.66
218,345.96
576
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OP ROMBLON.
[Population: Chrifltlan, 62,848.i
'
Provincial
(Philippine
currmcy).
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spaniflb-
FUipino
currency).
DEBITS.
Balance July 1, 1906
ri9,663.0l
r2,378.02
208.00
Revenues:
All provincial— .
Registry of property
33.00
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
2.00
22.00
589.00
17.50
622.94
7.50
Fares provincial launch
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
589.00
17.60
749.58
7.60
687.64
4,145.00
4,606.75
1,584.30
2,268.53
61.21
227.00
Cart
Land, 1906 and previous years
Industrial '. '.
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges ...
Licenses '. 7.
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
7,667.50
7,557.50
928.00
95.00
7,076.13
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act 'No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
5,276.43
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1180, non-Chris-
tian portion ...... '. . .
1
Total revenues ,
14,127.87
30,592.64
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province— Insular payment lieu land tax,
acts Nos. 14» and 1579
4,505.67
61.40
220.23
4,819.23
Public contributions school building fund
Rxchangefi of curi^icy
Total miscellaneous receipts
4,796.30
4,819.23
Total debits
38,587.18
37,789.89
296.00
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
6,814.20
4,975.90
512.26
1,305.47
Salaries of provincial employees
t
Repal'' and'convt ruction ^f buildings. . .
.:::::
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rentals lor buildings
Office supplies
602.87
626.10
2,528.00
224.00
1,337.50
Ida 98
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
Postage, mail and telegrams
25a 00
00a28
226.68
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
PiirohfMp^ of land
Schools-
flalariwi
67.80
24.51
Renal rs and construction of bulldinsrs
Rental for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent eauinment. ..
0.00
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous
.86
7,2ia33
School-building fund, act No. 1275-
BchoolSi repairs and construction of buildings
Total expenditures.
27,645.40
BEPOBT OF AUDITOR FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 577
PROVINCE OF ROICBLON-Contlnued.
Proylndal
(PhUipplne
currency).
Municipal
(PhOlpplne
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FUlpino
currency).
CRBDIT8— oonttnned.
MiMellaneoua credits:
Exchanseii of cumncY ...
298.00
Paymentfl to miiniclpalltlfM. ... ....
r37,4ia73
370.16
Bdfiino^ .Ttm^ 90. ion?.. .
riO,04L78
Total crediU
38,587.18
37.789.89
298L00
PROVINCE OF SAMAR.
[PopuUtion: CbrUtlan, 365,549; non-Christian, 688.]
DBSm.
Balance July 1, 1906
^19,266.70
PIO, 867.22
50.55
Revenues:
All proyineia]—
Registry of property.
227.20
Mlsmllaneons.
Cednlas,aotNo.8a.....rr.
Cart.../ ::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::
30LOO
5,54&14
9.10
30lOO
7,397.26
9.19
3,559.77
1,381.00
3,781.73
16,133.63
4,827.36
85.00
854.06
667.00
35,635.50
8,593.82
3,105.00
35,566.05
Land. 1006 and previous years
Industrial
All municipal—
FIsherlM.
Cattle resistiation
Rents, profits, and privileges
LloMiBes * 7.
iSw!!^:::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : :
Sales of estrays
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
Cednlas. sot No. 1189. ...^
35,635.50
Licenses, act No. 1180
Onium certifloates. act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
20,173.87
02.12
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-
Christian portion
70,716.08
13,01&86
120,506.17
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province—
InsuUr payment lieu land tax. acts Nos. 1465 and
1/J79
18»55&27
493.05
1478... . .
Rxchangwi of m»rrmcy.
255.41
2,839.77
281.50
Sftiee of rice. ConsTMslonal relief
Total miscellaneous reoeiots
17,014.04
19,062.22
281.50
Total debits
106,986.85
159,485.61
333.06
CBSDITS.
Bxpendituns:
Provincial funds-
General purposes—
flalRiifM of nmvlnrlAl officials
15,301.67
24,341.30
699.48
8,047.22
2,156.68
100.27
2,020.62
Salaries of nrovlncial emnlovees
Rfmslr ttiMi noimtTiicti'Mi Af twilMtnfft .
TnLvnllnff mwrimmmma mnA rtmir dioms
limitalfi lor KnlMlnm '
Office ■ii'DDlies
PnnnaiMiiiC MinlnniMnt . .
Clerk of ooari fees ......
Sheriff's fees
515.48
5,403.68
782.06
T^fMd! nsr nrisnmnn
Thiirihnan of land
Cost tax sales
PAatajHk ma.il ami fftlHillSIIIII
3,401.36
13,421.85
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7-
678 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF BAMAR-CoDtiDued.
Provincial
(PhUlppine
carrency).
Municipal
(PtaUippine
curraocy).
Provincial
(ICeztcan
and
Spaniah-
Filipino
currency).
CREDITS— oontinaed.
Ezpeaditares— Continued.
Provincial funds— Continued.
RoadB and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment «
Purchase of land
Schools—
Salaries ,
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous
Congressional relief fund-
Roads and bridges, labo> and material.
FD,902.66
32.60
Coi
60.00
'840.06
ioe'so
"aia"
7.60
tngressional relief school-building fund.Oandara Valley-
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings ' 1, 700. 13
Total expenditures.
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
Payments to municipalities
By revenue, all provincial— refund miscellaneous
By revenue, Joint provincial-municipal— refund oedulas,
act No. 83
90,029.21
216.60
'1*352*96'
136.15
ri61,89a88
136.16
332.06
Total miscellaneous credits.
Balance June 30, 1907
1,706.60
16,252.04
Total CMdiU I 106,966.86
152,027.03
7,468.68
160,48&61
332.06
332.06
PROVINCE OF SORSOQON.
[Population: Christian, 164,120; non-Christian, 41.]
Balance July 1,1906.,
Revenues:
All provincial—
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
Fares provincial launch
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1906 and previous years.
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privilegM
Licenses ,
Fines
Sales of estrays
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1180
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189, non-Chris-
tian portion
Provincial.
Sorsogon
proper.
P-30,229.26
709.43
152.30
247.20
.26
94.30
1.50
6,473.89
Subprovince
of Masbato.
19,671.60
14,912.47
5.48
Total
.r
42,228.82 ,
^6, 407. 42
Municipal.
^22,438.94
80. M) i
676w80
.26
.70
3.60
1,886.87
3,846.50
3,343.63
06.00
6.00
13,743.76
7.621.86
3,887.00
16,668.01
J2,06aS6
8,078.88
184.28
134.00
23,41&00
11,716.06
i,OBaoo
21,076.81
9,687.76
120,178.36
REPORT OP AUDITOR FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 579
PROVINCE OF SORBOGON-Continued.
DEBITS— continued.
MiaoellaneoaB noelptfl:
Payments to province^ •
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Noa. 14&5 and 1579 . .
School-building fund, act No. 1275
Public contributions school-building fund, act No. 1275 I
Loans to province, act No. 1554 {
Exchanges of currency
To expenditures, general purposes, provincial fund— I
Refund office supplies I
Refund premiums on bonds
Provincial.
Sorsogon
proper.
P26,959.68
2,013.55
20,000.00
Subprovinoe
ofMasbate.
P3,eoi.71
8,000.00
2.50
6,790.63 \.
18.98 I.
Municipal.
P44,256.06
Total miscellaneous receipts 55,782.84 | 11,604.21! 44,256.06
Totaldebits I 128,240.41 | 26,739.38, 186,873.36
CBXDIT8.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes— '
Salaries of provincial officials
Salaries of provincial employees
Repair and construction of buildings.
Traveling expenses and per dlems
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies.
Permanent equipment .
urtfees
Clerk of cour
Sheriff's fees.
Feeding prisoners
Premium on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
Postase, mail and telegrams
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land
flohools—
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies.
Permanent equipment,
soflana
Purchase <
Miscellaneous.
School building fund, act No. 1275—
Schools-
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous
Sofaool building fund, act No. 1554—
Schools-
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Permanent equipment
18,203.74
19,&55.72
10,002.69
2,603.38
1,330.00
4,068.70
196.68
2,846.45
666.53
10,670.46
1,346.56
13,212.93
671.46
11,913.78
3,805.00
11.00
19,833.57
166.43
1,506.66
Z,S20.&»
1.025.26
1,507.26
167.50
1,187.04
1,300.34
17.19
1,185.30
260.55
1,061.17
44.19
Total expenditures 121, 476. 56
Miscellaneous credits: I
Exchanges of currency
Payments to municipalities
BalanCeJuneSO, 1907..... 6,763.86
Totalcredits 128,24a41 26,739.38 186,873.36
13,091.95
13,647.43
174,22a 41
12.644.95
580
BEFOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCE OF BURIGAO.
[PopolAtlon: Chriatlan, 00,298; non-Ctarfttian, 16314.]
Provtodal
(PhUipplne
currency).
MnnlcJpal
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexjkaui
and
Spaniah-
^ipino
currency).
DEBITS.
Baunce Jnly 1, 1006
P'48,515.06
r4,771.50
945.72
ReTenues:
All provincial—
76.75
157.84
852.50
14.00
12.00
.68
Rencal of provincial property
Mining fees
Joint provincial and municipal—
Ced alas, act No. 83
1^00
Cart
Land, 1005 and previous years
827.41
1,066.01
1,255.78
1,880.00
1,175.14
4332.35
5,006.30
All municipal—
Fishenes
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privil^:es
.
Licenses
Finea.
Sales of estrays ■.
Cemetery
Miscellaneous
1,376.10
13,16L50
1,635.00
85.00
13,278.24
Internal revenue—
Cedulas. act No. 1180
13,16L50
Licenses, act No. 1180
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180
12,03L08
2,117.45
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180, non-Chris-
tian portion
Total revenues
30,151.43
44,293.02
.68
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province— Insular payment lieu land tax,
acts Nos. 1455 and 1579
10,062.82
1,746.76
600.50
81.60
703.00
13,076.46
To expenditures, general purposes ,provlncial fund— Re-
fund office supplies
Public contributions school building fund, act No. 1275. . .
Repayments of loans by municipalities
Ezchanisefl of currencv t
84.50
Toial miscellaneous reoelnts
13,283.77
13,076.46
84.50
Total debits ...
01,050.25
62,14L88
1,03a 90
CBBDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purposes-
Salaries of provincial officials
11,246.02
10, 101. 72
35L34
5,037.21
Salaries of nrovinclal emnlovees
1-
Repair and construction of buildings
t
Travellnsr «xt>«tis»« and per diems ,
Rentals for buildings* _-,_-.,_, ,.,......
Office supplies
1
* Permanent eaulDment
4,638.03
640.00
563.36
820.66
431.63
Clerk of court feies
1
Sheriff's fees
1
Feedine nrisoners
'
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land -
i
Cost tax sales
::::::::::::::t::::: * :*' *
Pofltflim mall and telegrams
506.86
572.15
2,685.04
6.15
Miscellaneous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Piimhase o' lann ,
Bchools-
Salaries
oaoo
6ia20
aoaoo
Renalrs and construction of bnlldlnira
Rentals for buildines
Office sunnltes
Permanenx eoulDnient
7.00
224.00
186.22
Purchase of land ^-^-^,^ ,.
MisoellaDfious
BEPOBT OF ATJDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
PROVINCE OF SORIQAO-Contlnaed.
581
Provincial
(PhUippine
currency).
Municipal
(PhUippine
currency).
ProTinclal
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
CBKDIT8— oontinued.
Ezpenditares— Continued.
School building fund, act No. 1276-
Schools-
RApaini f^nd conf tnictlon of buildlngH
n2,fla7.20
9,754.25
MisooUancoufi . "
Total expendituraa . . ?
61,692.64
Miaoellaneous oredlta:
I'^xchangm of oumrncy . .
64.82
1,03a 90
PRyipitntJi to mnnicipAl(ti«ff
P59,542l67
AllbwanoBB under section 42, act No. 1408
9.00
Total misoellanAons credits
73L82
30,183,79
50,642.67
2,599.21
1,03a 90
Balance June 30. 1907
Total credits
91, 95a 25
62,141.88
1,03a 90
PROVINCE OF TARLAC.
[Population: Christian, 133,513; non-Christian, 1,504.]
DKBXTB.
Balance July 1, 1906
Beyenues:
All proyindal—
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous years .
All municipal—
Flsherfee ,
Cattle registration ,
Rents, profits, and privileges
Licenses ,
Fines ,
Sales of estrays
Cemetery ,
Miscellaneous ,
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1189
Licenses, act No. 1189
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180, non-Chris-
tian i>ortion
Total
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to province-
Insular payment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579. .
Congressional relief funds, construction Tarlac dike,
art No. 1406
To expenditures, general purposes, provincial fund— Re-
fund repairs andoonstructlon of buildings
Public contributions Tarlac dike fund
Public contributions school building fund, act No. 1275
Exchanges of currency
Total miscellaneous receipts.
Total debits
r^, 360. 45
30a80
16.46
8L00
3,194.15
1,682.64
16,925.50
12,879,54
2ia43
35,293.52
17,027.10
io,ooaoo
312.43
2,252.75
4,5oaoo
3,00L99
37,004.27
^8,618.89
8L00
3,194.15
2,263.33
5,127.85
5,897.00
10,946l67
3,182.68
2,835.39
2,628.63
377.10
55.75
16,925.50
6,08L36
185.00
17,87&90
77,658.31
21,342.33
21,342.33
2,602.20
.04
l,30a36
l,30a36
152, 757. 24 I 107,619.53 | 3,902.60
582 REPORT OP THE PHILIPPINE C0MMI8SI0K.
PROVINCE OF TARLAC-ConUnoed.
Provincial
(PhUIpplne
currency).
Municipal
(PhUippiae
currency).
Provincial
(Mextcan
and
nUpiuT
cumncy).
CBEDIT8.
Expend! tares:
Provincial funds—
Oeneral purpoMs—
Salaries of provincial oiBcials
^13,497.44
13,382.38
Repair and conatruction of buildings
Traveling expenses and per dieros.T
2,807.79
• 773.50
2,729.18
2,144.97
2,952.00
498.50
2,957.08
48&74
Rentals* lo' ^nildiftgs
Office supplies . . .
1
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court lees
Sheriff'sftos
Fading prisoners... .
Premiums on bonds
1
Purchase of land
1
Cost tax sales
! 1
Postage, mail and telegrams
548.84
444.94
7,073.31
1
MiicniTanAonB 7.
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
1
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land.
! 1..:::: : ::
Schools-
SfriAiiAii,,, .;
93.99
99.58
1
Repairs and construction of buildings
Rentals for buildings
• '
Office supplies T.
12.60
213.84
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous
460.91
19.00
263.00
20,401.84
Congressional relief fund—
General purposes, repcdrs and construction of buildings
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings
Tarlac dike fund, act No. 1406-
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment ,
4,702.27
* V 1
Total expenditures
76,574. 76
Miscellaneous credits:
i,ooa27
a.on^m
Payments to municipialities
ri06,433.85
Rei>ayn]ents of loans to insular ^vemment
5o,ooaoo
Total miscellaneous credits
51,00a27
25,182.21
106,433.85
1,185.68
3,902.60
Balance June 30. 1907... .
Total orwd'tJi . ,
162,757.24
107,619.53 1 3,902:60
PROVINCE OF TAYABAS.
[Population: Christian, 201,936; non-Christian. 2.803.]
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
All provincial-
Registry of property
Miscellaneous
Mining fees
Joint provincial and municipal—
Cedulas. act No. 83
Cart
Land, 1905 and previous yeara .
Industnal
All municipal-
Fisheries
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privileges. .
Licenses.
Fines
Sales of estrays
Cemetery..
Mlsr
r65,4ia93
243.93
10.02
94.00
134.00
20&60
16,874.32
2.19
P30,729.00
134.00
208.60
22,366.52
2.19
4,569.78
14,914.00
17,549.45
18,903.81
13,007.04
385l35
203.10
3,087.86
753.05
6150
BEPORT OF ATJDITOB FOB PHILIPPIKB ISLANDS. 588
PBOVINCE OF '^AYABAS-Continued.
•
Provincial
(PhiUpptne
currency).
Munlftiral
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(ICexIcan
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
^ DIBITS— oontlnoed.
RereniMt-Continned.
Internal raveDue—
f>4u)iiff, ACtNo. iim...
P29,749.00
P29,74a00
9,677.00
46a 00
27,038.56
Lioeiuet, act No. 1189
Optnm o^rtiflcatM, act No. 1461
Refund from Insular txeasury. act No. 1189
26,66108
37&33
Refund from insular tvBasury.'act No. 1189. non-Chris-
tian portion, .a
74,34&47
168,19a 24
a50
Payments to provinoe—
Insular payment lieu land tax, aoU Nos. 1455and 1679. .
81,371.61
2,ooaoo
2,842.48
58.94
6,996.77
6o,ooaoo
106,312.03
Sales of rice, Congressional relief.
Loans to province, act Vo. 1637.'.
Exehangns of oarrenoy. . . .
1,485.93
162,763.80
108,312.93
1,485.93
Total debits....:
292,62a20
16,087.64
35,47L76
105l20
6,60a66
3, 03a 00
l,9ia22
1,95a 00
12,41g90
842.78
2,70111
2, 346. 98
301,23&26
2,245.48
CBSDITB.
Bxpeodl tores:
Provincial funds-
General purposes-
Salaries o6 provincial ofllclals
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rental* Tor TniildlngSa .'.
Permanent eoninment ...
Cterlr of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Ffwf^ing piiffoperi
Premiums on bonds
Purnhase of land .
Cost tax sales
Postase, mail and telegrams
2,2Sai6
8,104.79
16,883.12
2, 25a 74
Mlsoeffaheous "
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Pumhase of lann
Schools-
Salaries
26L67
78.23
2.013.84
Repairs and construction of buildings . .'
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equlpm^^nt . ,
222.05
Purchase of land
If limellamHnifl
25a 00
l,8ia48
1,082.00
1,35a 00
1,03a 00
Koads and bridges, labor and material
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings.
Congressional relief fund, act No. 1406, general purposes,
miscellan(K>ns .
School building fund, act No. 1275, schools, repairs and
construction of buildings
Total exnenditures
120,45L26
1
Miscellaneous credits:
Exchanges of currency
.1,143.08
i
Pavments to roui>JcioaiitJfl«
296,127.74
T/oans to mnniofpalif >»«
' 10,000.00
11,143.03
160,926.91
296,127.74 '
Balance June 30, 1907
5,110.52 1 2,245.48
Total credits
298, 52a 90
301,288.26 1 2.245.48
684
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
PROVINCB OF ZAMBALES.
[Population: ChxtotUii, 66^763; noo-Chziitiaii, 8,168.]
eniTCDcy).
MunMpal
<PhiUppli«
cuxTCOcy).
Proyincial
(Mexican
and
Spaoish-
nupino
oanency).
DKBIT8.
BaIaimw July 1, 190ft
nS,400Ll8
n,77141
56114
Royenues:
AU provlooUl—
Registry of DiODerty
8.37
.04
3.00
8a 00
1,049l80
4,807.43
Mffcvllftrvfouff
Mining fees
Joint proyindAl and municipal—
OmuIm, afft N5>. W
8100
1,049.80
6,14144
2,847.88
2,71100
8,74169
2,78168
1,80140
178
80100
cSt!!.^™!^!:!.:::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Land, 1905 and preyiooa yean
Fieherfee
Cattle legist ration
Rents. Dioflts. and nilyilens
IJoenses
Fimw ....
Bales of estrays
Cemetery....
MiffCflllaiieous.
Internal reyenue—
Omlnlaff, act No. 1189
7,613.00
7,61100
l,2n.50
7100
7,60126
I<iofinsmi, airt No. 1189 . ,
Oi>lum wfiilUmUm. act No. 1461
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189
4,808.84
43119
Refund from insular treasury, aot No. 1189, non-
Christian i>ortion
18,243.66
• 86,94182
Miscellaneous receipts:
Payments to proyinoe—
Insular payment Ueu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1579.
Public contributions school bnildittg fund, aot No. 137A . . .
7,44138
82188
58126
8,17184
Rxchanges of oiirrsnoy T.
112.80
8,186.93
81,17184
11180
Total debits
49,83161
48,807.67
67194
CUDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds—
General purposes—
Salaries ofrooylndal officials
9,88111
6,30144
Salaries of proylnoial employees
•
Rn>alni and constnictlon orbulldlnffs
Traveling expensAs snd per di«ms - .
94181
59100
84193
14173
35100
10186
1,07130
30197
Rentals lor ouildings. . .'.
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
Clerk of court lees
Sheriff's fees. ••
Premiums on bonds
PurchftM of land
Cost tax sales .
Pofltase. mail ^>m1 telegrams .
45194
357.85
3,86177
Mfio^an^ns ,"
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment r,...
Purchase of land
Schools-
SaUries
Repairs and construction of buildings
Rentals for bnlldtngs. ,
417.00
^
OiDce supplies
Permanent equlpmeot .* t
Purchase of land
Miscellaneous r . r . . ,
8100
11.50
Non-Christian inhabiUnt fund—
Schools-
Renaini and construction of buOdlncs
Total expondltuns
32,20160
BEFORT OF AX7DIT0R FOB PHIUFPIKE ISLANDS.
586
FBOVINCB OF ZAMBALEB-CoDtiiUMd.
PiotIiicIaI
(PhUipplne
currency).
MonlcipAl
(PhUipploe
currency).
ProTindal
(Mexican
and
Spanlah-
JnUplno
currency).
CBBDrrs-^ontinoed.
If ieoenaneoufl crediti:
Exchanges of currency
Payments to munidpalltias.
Balance June 30; 1907
Fg&72
27,474.29
r48,642L66
SM.91
67&94
Total credits.
49,829.61
48,897.67
67&04
PROVINCE OF ABRA.a
DBBITS.
F1.60
84M6
Payments to province, general proyincial pnrpose set.
No. 1906 t
Total debits
M7.76
CBBDIT8.
acts Nos. 641 and 761
846.16
1.60
Refund unexpended balance of appropriation, act No.
1306 .
Total credits
847.76
oBy act No. 1306 the Province of Abra was annexed to the Province of Ilooos Bur as a subprovince,
effective April 1, 1905, and its indebtedness assumed by the insular government, with exception of the
loan of F6,000 made by the insular government from Congressional relief funds for construction of
public schools which was ikssumed by toe Province of Ilooos Bur. Upon discontinuance of the province
as a separate entity the treasurer of the Province of Ilooos Bur became its treasurer ex officio for the
dosing up of its flnandal affairs.
Comolidathn of provincial statemenU.
DEBITS.
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Hunldpal
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
Balance July 1, 1906
Revenues:
All Movincial—
Registry of property
Mining ftoes
Rental of provincial property
Prison labor
Fares provincial launches
Medical oertiflcates, act No. 310
Bay-San Pablo toll road
Franchise tax, act No. 667
Fees 1 ustlce of the peace, set No. 1396
Road tax. act No. fiwT/.
Fees provincial sheriff, act No. 176
Various tixes pertainlxigexcluslvdy to the Moro Prov-
ince (see statement Moro ProvizKse)
Customs (Moro)
Customs arrastre plant Jolo, act No. 1432 (Moro)
Miscellaneous
Joint provincial mnnidpsl--
Cedulas, act No. 88.
Cart
Land, 1906 and previous years
IndustriaL
Daet franchise, act No. nil
Franchise tax, act No. 1303
Fl,961,219.64
r403,797.36
27,767.44
20,040.71
2,676.00
6,406.67
9,014.66
86a 53
12.00
610.25
ia82
l,0ia80
31,882.00
37.44
96,874.65
309,020.89
8,037.96
5,135.34
5,230.40
35,34aM
247,745.28
80.51
11&18
83107
&69
5,256.30
35,339.80
317,858.22
30.50
236.22
8&07
586
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Cofuolidation ofprovintial BtatemenU — Continued.
DEBITS-ContlDued.
Revenues— Continued.
Ail municipal—
FlBherle«
Cattle registration
Rents, profits, and privilc^ges
Licenses
Fines
Sales of est ray animals
Cemetery
Property tax.
Road tax.
Cedulas, act No. 1397
Franchise tax, act No. 1112
Various taxes pertaining exclusivelv to the lloro
Province (see statement Moro Province)
Cattle registration, non-Christian inhabitanta
Miscellaneous
Internal revenue—
Cedulas, act No. 1180
Licenses, act No. 1180
Opium certificates, act No. 1461
Refund from Insular treasury, act No. 1189
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1180, non-Chris-
tian portion.
Refund from insular treasury, act No. 1189, township
and settlement portion
Cedulas, act No. 1180, non-Christian portion.
Cedulas, act No. 1180, township and settlement portion
Opium certificates, act No. 1461, township and settle-
ment ix>rtion
Weights and measures, act No. 1510
Provincial
(Philippine
currency).
Total revenues.,
Miscellaneous receipts:
Pajrments to provinces-
Insular iwyment lieu land tax, acts Nos. 1455 and 1570.
Congressional relief, act No. 1406
School building funds, act No. 1275
(3eneral provincial purposes, act No. 1527.
Insular payment lieu land tax, act No. 1475 .
Relief for municipality of Mavitac, f
. . , act No. 1527.
Cancellation of loans, act No. 1361
Baguio-Trinidad road appropriation
General provincial purposes, act No. 1306
Relief for municipality of Hsgonoy, act No. 1587
Reimbursement municipality of Borongan, act No.
1478
Loans to provinces
Repayment of loans by municipalities
PuDlic contributions school building fund, act No. 1275....
Public contributions Tarlac dike fund
Sale of rice, Congressional relief
Sale of galvanized iron. Congressional relief
To expenditures-
Provincial funds, general purposes, refund cost tax
sales
Tabaco-Ligao road fund, roads and bridges, refund
permanent equipment
Congressional relief fund, general purposes, refund per-
manent equipment
Transfer from rancherias fund
Transfer from township and settlement fund
Exchanges of currency
I,473,4ia03
Total miscellaneous receipts
Total debits 6,013,894.37
P566.0D
906,(H7.00
782,004.88
21,488.02
31,230.02
2,663.00
44.50
5.00
180.84
2,670,255.80
882,070.36
44,600.00
a6,6oaoo
113.380.00
6,026.04
82L87
2,000.00
1,308.35
346.15
246,000.00
34,32&85
42,611.70
2,252.75
5,931.18
22L20
1,063.17
812.00
101.00
53,121.13
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
FfUptno
currency).
Pl42,29a62
234, 66a 00
658,582.08,
361,286.52 '
207,581.29
19,894.78
19,180l32
20,018.67
33.00
02.64
1,60L11
5,637.64
17,456.09
878,182.50
254, 06a 72
22,175.00
886,384.51
18a 86
9,234.72
8,938.23
493.05
32.00
10,85a 58
1,133,101.38
5, 715, 76a 10
8.60
47,oiaoa
47,0iaO2
74k 77a 15
BEPOBT OF AUDITOB FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
587
ContoUdation of provincial itaiementt — Continued.
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Provincial funds-
General purpoaee—
Salaries of proTlncial officials
Salaries of piovindal employees
Repairs and oonstructlon of buildings.
Traveling expenses and per diems
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equl pment
Clerk of court fees
Sheriff's fees
Feeding prisoners
Premiums on bonds
Purchase of land
Cost tax sales
PostajRe, mail and telegrams
MIsoeiianeous
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Purchase of land
Schools-
Salaries
Repairs and construction of buildings.
Rentals for buildings
Office supplies.
Permanent equipment.
» of land
Purchase c
IClscellaneous .
Conmssional relief funds-
General purposee—
Repairs and construction of buildings
PostajKe, mall and telegrams
MisoeiUneous
Roads and bridge»—
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Schools, repairs ana construction of buildings.
Congressional relief fund, act No. 1406—
General purposee—
R^MOrs and construction of buildings
Permanent equipment
IClscellaneous
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Tariac dike fund, act No. 140d—
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
Bay-San Pablo road fund, act No. 1617—
Roads and bridge*—
Labor and material
Permanent equipment
School building fund, act No. 1275—
Schoolfr-
Repairs and construction of buildings
Office supplies
Permanent equipment
I^Tchase of land
Miscellaneous
Tabaoo-L:gao road fund, act No. 1260—
Roads and bridges, labor and material
Special road fund, act No. 1478—
Roads and bridges, labor and material
School fund, act No. 1603-
Sdiools—
Repairs and construction of buildings
Permanent equipment
Miscellaneous
School building fund, act No. 1554—
Schools-
Repairs and oonstructlon of buildings
Permanent eq uipmen t
Non-Christian inhabitants fund-
General purposes-
Salaries of employees
Provincial
(PhUippine
currency).
P586,02O.57
803,976.40
209,700.42
171,834.93
27,560.91
53,496.11
111,993.24
139,324.28
26,401.52
142, 27a 09
25, 63a 30
8,343.00
46,255.46
186,007.67
506,484.72
60, 63a 46
125.00
87,014.74
19,536.34
27,476.45
1,06a 36
14,946.77
5,830.39
17,983.79
5,236.40
27.92
266.78
34,929.30
664.42
5,428w32
1,661.37
19.98
7,805.35
747. 17
20,401.84
4,702.27
1,446.82
829.44
218,966.24
14.80
354.04
3,895.00
10,326.54
997.62
4,781.47
11,824.76
26.13
61.53
19,833.57
166.43
66.72
192.65
Municipal
(Philippine
currency).
Provincial
(Mexican
and
Spanish-
Filipino
currency).
181.65
688
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
CoMolidation of provineial ttaUmentt—Oontmued.
CBEDITS^-Contlnued.
Provincial
(PhiUppIne
currency).
Municipal
(PhiUpplne
curreDcy).
Provincial
(MezieAn
and
Snanish-
FUlptaio
cnnency).
Ezpeoditnret— Continued.
Non-Christlftn Inhabitants fond-^Continued.
Schools-
BaIaiIm of employmff .
Pa65.00
6L60
814.24
1,084.00
176.67
4a 06
2,325.00
244.00
20,651.71
12,301.44
468L00
16,186.66
03^60
1,82a 24
5,067.26
2,6ia63
1,616.42
73.46
l,70ai3
Hepalrfi and con«tnict4on of buildings
MlscellanMUS ."[
Township and settlement fundr-
Qeneral purposes—
flalarles of employeefl ....... .........
Repairs and construction of buUdings
Ififlcellaneons . ~
Roads and bridges, labor and material
1
!
Road and bridge and public work fund, Act No. 1306-
Oeneral purposes, repairs and construction of buUd-
Jngs
Roads and bridges-
Labor and material.
1
Permanent equipment .'....
1
Schools, repairs ui<f construction of buildings
1
Provincial building fund, act No. 1416-
General purposes-
Repairs and construction of buildings
Pefmaneut equipment... " a.
!
Schools, salaries of employees
1
Special provincial bulldlng'fund—
Oeneral purposes, repairs and construction of build-
ings , . , . , ,
VlUainBraetzaU fund-
Roads and bridges, labor and material
provincial launch fund, act No. 1478—
Oeneral purposes, permanent equipment
Industrial and agricultural school tim^ act No. 1361—
(jiriioolii, repairs and construction of buUdings
Congressional relief fund, Oandara VallsT—
Schools, repairs and construction of buildings
Total expenditures
3,708,416.08
18L66
Miscellaneous credits:
Payments to municipalities
P'6,486,282.32
Payments to townships
'87,w:«
66.20
Allowances under section 42, act No. 1402
44a 57
32,60a00
88,220.86
2,ooaoo
7,ooaoo
10,866.68
36,167.08
32.00
8oaoo
048L74
81,263.23
1,600.00
4a 82
1.60
'Ix>anff to 'n"n*«^*pailtles. . . .'.
Repa]rinentfi of loan* to fusular government
Payment to municipality for cancellation loans
Payment to municipality from Congressional relief fund. .
Transfer to township and settlement fund
Ti:TRhang9ii of cuiTTtmny ^ , . .
60,057,62
Transfer to municlpaffund from randierias fund
Payment to tnwniihip from towniphtp and settlement frtpd
;
AUowanoe for losses, act No. 1608.
154.26
Advances to customs officers (Moro)
Advances to customs officers arrastre plant (Moro)
By revenue, Joint provincial municipal, stamps previous
years
4a 83
1
Total miscellaneous credits
262, 67a 43
2,O47,80aOl
6,654,865.08
161,404.12
00,211.88
Balanr^ Jun4^ 30, 1007 . .
6,382.62
Total credits
6,013»80137
6, 715, 76a 10 1 74.77IL1JS
NoTB. — Statements showing the revenues and expenditures of the following munici-
palities for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1906, have been omitted m>m this
report and are on file in ti^e War Department:
rravince of^AU>ay. — Albav, Bacacay, Bagamanoc, Baras, Bato, Calolbon, Camalig,
Garamoran, Daraga. Guinooatan, Jovellar, Legaspi, Libo^, Libon, Ligao, MalUipot,
Malinao, Manito, Oas, Pandan, Payo, Polangui, Kapu-Kapu, Tabaco, Tiwi, Viga,
Virac; consolidated statement, municipalities, Albay.
BEPOBT OF AX7DIT0B FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 589
Pr<mno$of Ambos ClBmaKn«.^Baao, Bato, Buhi, Bula, Calabanga, Oapalonga, Cara-
iDoan, Daet, Gainza, Goa, Indan, Iriga, Labo, Lagonoy, Libmanan, Lupi, Magano,
Mambulao, Milaor, Minalabac, Nabua, Nueva Oaceres, Pamplona, Paracale, Pasacao,
Pili, Ragay, Sagnay, San Fernando, San Joee. San Vicente, Sipocot, Siruma, Tigaon,
Tinambao; conBolidated statement, municipalities, Ambos Oamarines.
Province of Antique. — ^Bumsong, Gulaai, Dao, lAuaan, Pandan, Patnongon, San
Jose, San Remigio, Sibalom,Tibiao, Valdenama; consolidated statement, municipali-
ties, Antique.
Province of BaUwn. — ^Abucay, Bagac, Balanga^ Dinalupijan, Mariveles, Moron,
Orani, Orion; consolidated statement, municiralities, Bataan. •
Province of Batangas. — ^Balayan, Batangas, Bauan, Galaca, Cuenca, Ibaan, Lipa,
Loboo, Nasugbu, Bosario, San Joee, San Juan, Santo Tomas, Taal, Tanauan; consoli-
dated statement, municipalities, Batanns.
Province ofBenguet, — ^Adaoay, Atok, Baguio, Balakbak, Bokod, Bu^ias, Cabayan,
Gapan^;an, Daklan, Disdis, Itop)n, Kayapa, Kibungan, Palina, Tnnidad, Tumay;
consolidated statement, townships, Benguet.
Province of Bohol. — ^Alburqueique, Anda, Anteouera, Baclayon, Balilijan, Batuan,
Bilar, Galape, Gandijay, Carmen, Gorella, Cortes, Dauis, Dimiao, Duero, Garcia Her-
nandez, Guindulman, Inabanga, Jagna, Jetafe, Loay, Loboc, Loon, Mabini, Maribojoc,
Panglao, Sevilla, Sierra-Bullonee. Tagbilaran, Talibon, Tubigon, Ubay, Valencia;
consolidated statement, municipalities, Bohol.
Province of Buiacon. — ^Angat, Baliuag, Bocaue, Bulacan, Calumpit, Hagonoy,
Malolos, Meycauayan, Paombong, Polo, Quingua, San Miguel, Santa Maria; consou-
dated statement, municipalities, Bulacan.
Provirux of Cagayan. — ^Abulug, Alcala, Amulung^ Aparri, Baggao, Basco, Calayan,
Camalaniugan, Claveria, Enrile, Gattaran, taiig, Lal-lo, Mauanan, Pamplona, Pefia
Blanca, Plat, Sanchez Maria^ Santo Nifio, Solima, Tuao, Tuguegarao; consolidated
statement, municipalities, Cagayan.
Province of Caviz, — ^Buruanga, Calibo. Capiz, Dao, Dumalag, Dumarao, Ibajay, Ivi-
aan, Jaminclan, Libacao, Malinao, Mamousao, r^abas. New \^hington, Panay, Pani-
tan^ Pilar, Pontevedra, Sapian, Sigma, Taft, Tapas; consolidated statement, munici-
pahties^ Capiz.
Province of Cavite. — ^Alfonso, Carmona, Cavite, Corregidor, Imus^ Indan, Maragon-
don, Naic^ Noveleta, San Fmncisco de Malabon, SiCmg; consolidated statement,
munidpahties, Cavite.
Prownee of Cebu, — ^Alepia, Alonffuinsan, Argao, Asturias, Badian, Balamban, Ban-
tayan, Barili, Bogo, Boljo-on, Borbon, Garcar, Carmen, Catmon, Cebu, Daan Ban-
tayan, Dalaguete, Danao, Dumanjug, Ginatilan, Liloan, Malabuyoc, Mandaue,
Medeilin, Minglanilla, Moaibual, Naga, Opon, Oslob, Pilar, Pinamungaian, Samboan,
San Fernando, San Francisco, San Remigio, Sibo^ga, Tabogon, Taiisay, Toledo,
Tuburan, Tudela; consolidated statement, municipalities, Cebu.
Province of Ilocos Norte. — Bacarra, Badoc, Bangui, Batac, Dinsras, Laoag, Paoay,
Pasuquin, ftddig, San Miguel; consolidated statement, municipalitiee, Ilocos Norte.
Province of Itocos 8ur. — ^Bangued, Bucay, Cabu^, Candon, Danglas, Dolores,
Lagangilan, Lagayan, Langiden, La Paz, Lapog, Magmngal, Manabo, Narvacan, Pefiar-
rubia, Pilar, San Quintin, Santa, Santa Cruz^ Santa Lucia, Santa Maria, Santiaj^,
Santo Domingo, Sinait, Tagudin, Vigan, Villavicioea; consolidated statement, munici-
palities, Ilocos Sur.
Province of Iloilo.—Aie\9lo, Balason, Banate, Barotac Nuevo, Buenavista, Caba-
tuan, Guimoal, Iloilo, Janiuay, Leon, Miagao, Oton, Passi, Pototan, Santa Barbahi,
Sara, Tigbauan; consolidated statement, municipalities, Iloilo.
Province of leabela. — Cabayan Nuevo, Cauayan, Echague, Gamu, Ilagan, Naguilian,
Santa Maria, Tagle^ Tumaumi; consolidated statement, municipalities, Isabela.
Province of La Laauna. — ^Bifian, Cabuyao, Calamba, Calauan, Lilio, Los Bafioe,
Luisiana, Lumban, Magdalena, Majayjay, Mavitac, Nagcarlan, Paete, Pagsanjan,
Pan^, rila, San Pablo, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, Siniloan; consolidated statement,
municipalities. La Laguna.
Province of La Union. — ^Agoo, Aringay, Bacnotan, Balaoan, Ban^. Bauang, Luna,
Naguilian, San Fernando, San Juan, Santo Tomas, Tubao; consolioated statement,
municipalities, La Union.
Province of Lepanto-Bontoc. — ^Alilem. Ampusungan, Angaaui, Bacun, Bagnen,
Banaao, Banco, Besao, Bontoc, Cavan, Cervantes, Concepcion, Mancayan, Sabangan.
Sagada, San Emilio, San Gabriel, Santol, Sigay, Sudipen, Sugpon, Suyo; censolidatea
statement, townships, Lepanto-Bontoc.
Province of Leuie. — Abuyog^ Alangalang, Almeria, Babatungon, Barugo, Bato, Bay-
bay, Burauen, Cabalian, Cangaia, Caybiran, Dagami, Dulag, Hilongos, Hinunanga,
590 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE GOMMIBSIOK.
Hindang. Inopacan, Jaro, Leyte, Liloan, Maasin, Malitbog, Mataloin. Merida, Naval,
Ormoc, Palo, I'alompon, San Isidro, San Ricardo, Sogod, Tadoban, Tanauan, Tolooa;
consolidated statement, municipaUtiee, Leyte.
Province of Jfiwrforo.— Bnlalaoao, C^pan, Galuya, Lubanff, Mamburao, Naujan,
Pinamalayan, Sablayan;. consolidated statement, townships, Mmdoio.
Province of Migamta, — ^Balingasag, Ga(;ayan, Jimenez, Langaran, Mambajao, Miaamis,
Oroquieta, Tagoloan, Talisayan, Ymtao; consolidated statement, municipalities,
Misamis.
Province of Iforo.— Bagan^, Caraga, Oateel, Gotobato, Dapitan, Davao, Iligan, Jolo,
Malabang, Mati, Parang, Siasi, Zamboanga; consolidated statement, municipalities,
Moro.
Province of Nueva £!n/a.— Aliaga, Bongabon, Gabanatuan, Gananelan, Cuyapo,
Gapan, Licab, Pantabangan, Pefiaranda, San Antonio, San Isicuo, San Jose, San Juan,
Talavera; consolidated statement, municipalities, Nueva Ecija.
Province cf Nueva Vizcaya, — Bagabas, Bambang, Bayombong, Dupax, Quiangan,
Solano; consolidated statement, townsEips, Nueva Vizcaya.
Province of OcdderUal Negroi. — Bacolod, Bago, Binalbagan, Cadiz, Gauayan, Esca-
lante, Hog, leoibela, Jimamaylan, Jinisaran, LaCarlota, Manapla, Murcia. Fontevedia,
Sagay, San Carlos, Saravia, Silay, Talisay, Valladolid, Victorias; consolidated state-
ment, municipalities. Occidental Negros.
Province of Oriental Negros. — ^Ayuquitan, Bacong, Bais, Dauin, Dumaguete, Guiju-
lugan, Lacy, Larena, Luzuriaga, Siaton, Siquijor, Tanjay, Tayasan, Tdon; consoli-
dated statement, municipalities, Oriental Negros.
Provi7ic«(jf Poiawan.— -Ca^yancillo, Coron, Cuyo, Puerto Mncesa, Taytay; con-
solidated statement, townships, Palawan.
Province of Pampanga.—Ajigfi\eBj Apalit, Arayat, Baoolor, Candaba, Floridablanca,
Guagua, Lubao, Mabalacat, Macabebe, Magalan, Mexieo^ Porac, San Fernando, San
Luis, Santa Rita; consolidated statement, municipalities, Pampanga.
Province of Panaasinan. — ^Agno, Alaminos, Alcali, Anda, Asingan, Banf , Bautista,
Bayambanff, Binalonan, Binmaley, Bolinao, Calasiao, Dagupan, Infanta, Linnyen.
Malasiaui, Manaoag, Mangaldan, Manraitarem, Pozomibio, Koeales, Salaaa, San Carlos,
San Fabian, San Isidro, San Nicolas, San Ouintin, Sual, Tayug, Umingan, Urdaneta,
Yillasis; consolidated statement, municipalities, Pangasinan.
Province of Rizal. — ^Antipolo, Binangonan, Caloocan, Malabon, Mariquina, MoroQg,
Navotas, Parafiaque, Pasay, Pasig, Puilla, San Felipe Neri, San Mateo, San Pedro
Macati, Tanay, Tafuig, Tayta^r; consolidated statement, municipalities, Rizal.
Province of RomSUm. — ^Badajoz, Cajidiocan, Looc, Odiongan, Romblon, San Fer-
nando; consolidated statement, municipalities, Romblon.
Province ofSamar, — Allen, Almaffro, Balangiga, Basey, Borongan, Calbayog, Calbiga,
Capul, Catarman, Catbalo^n, Catubig, Gandara, Guiuan, Laoang, Lavezares. liorente,
Oquendo, Oras, Palapag, Tambujan^ Santo Nifio, Taft, Villareal, Wright, Zumanaga;
consolidated statement, municipalities, Samar.
Province of Sorsogon, — ^Aroray, Bacon, Barcelona, Bulan, Bulusan, Casiguran,
Castilla, Cataingan, Dimasalang, Donsol, Gubat, Irosin, Juban, Magallanes, MandaoUr
Masbate, Matnog, Milagros, Mobo, Pilar, Placer, Prieto-Diaz, Pulanduta, San Fernando,
San Jacinto, San Pascual, Santa Magdalena, Sorsogon, Uson; consolidated statement,
municipalities, Sorsogon.
Province of Surigao. — Butuan, Cabadbanm, Cantilan, Dapd, Dinagat, Gigaquit,
Hinatuan. Lianga, Placer, Sungao, Talacogon, Tandag; consolidated statement,
municipalities, Surigao.
Province of 7ar[ac.— Bamban, Camiling, Capas, Goncepci6n, Moncada, F^qui,
Pura, Tarlac, Victoria; consolidated statement, municipalities, Sorsogon.
Province of Tfl^o^o*.— Alabat, Atimonan, Baler, Boac, Calauag, Gatanauan, Gasan,
Guinayanxan, Guinac4, Infanta, Kasiguran, Lopez, Lucban, Lucena. Mauban,
Mulanay, Pagbilao, Pitogo, Polillo, Sampaloc, Santa Cruz, Sariaya, Tayaoas, Tiaon,
Torrijos; consolidated statement, municipalities, Tayabas.
Province of Zambaks.—BoUA&n. Iba, Masinloc, 01onj^p6. Santa Cruz, San Maioe*
lino, San Narciso, Subic; consoliaated statement, mumcipalities, Zambales.
3EP0BT OF AUDITOR FOB PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
591
CofuolidaHon ofmunkipal statements.
DEBITS.
General
fund.
School fund.
Cemetery
fund.
Balance January 1, 1905
Revenues:
Internal reremie—
Refund from innilAr tieaBoier, act No. 1180.
Oedulas, act No. 1180
LicenMe, act No. U80
Opium oertiflcatea, act No. 1461
Joint provincial and municipal—
CMt .VT.
Land, 1906 and previous years
Industrial tax
Municipal —
liaheriee
Cattle registration..
Bents, profits, and privileges
Licenses .,.
Fines
Sales of estrays
Miscellaneous
Cemetery
Property tax
Cedulas, act No. 83
Cedulas, act No. 1307
Stamp tax (Spanish)
Forestry, 1904.
- Franchise tax, act No. 1111 .
Franchise tax act No. 1112.
Building permit (Moro)
Latrine (Moro)
Frontage (Moro)
Street deaiilng (Moro)
Total xevenues.
Miaoellaneous receipts:
Insular payment in lieu of land tax, act No. 1455.
Insular payment in lieu of land tax, act No. 1475.
Loans from province
Transfers.
r606,047.08
F447,560.06
733,213,21
233,60L78
30,318.00
32,565.14
224,003.76
120,211.77
251,390.46
662,682.00
3«,071.80
210,572.84
32,310.16
12,325.71
16,776.08
7,106.07
546.00
13.00
056.57
210.65
1,820.55
3.00
1.001.04
2,063.57
582.10
3,755,406.08
Special appropriation, act No. 1527
PoUce aldiund, act No. 681
Public contributions Tarlac dike ,
Allotment township and settlement fund
School assistance fund, act No. 797
Insular aid to schools, resolution Ckmimission, January 16,
1006
Received from insular government, a^t No. 1416
576,078.85
8,453.61
10,574 00
1,427.47
12,374.66
066.00
4GO.80
800.00
361,806.00
256,746.80
6,274.81
P-lOiSOO-Se
624,820 70
600,757.56
8,453.63
8,800.00
116,385.86
1,607.81
13,877.68
250.00
Total miscellaneous receipts 611,145.30
840,222.54 '
Total debits ; 4,972,601.30
10,800.36
515.00
515.00
1,012,603.20 11,414.36
CREDITS.
Expenditures:
Salaries of officials f^84,207.T0
Salaries of employees 710,340. 60
Salaries and maintenance of police. « 1,035,844. 50
Furniture, office supplies, etc. 202,405. 74
Rent..*. 41,202.80
Construction, repairs, and Improvements , 461,780. 63
Street Ughting 62,359.10
Miscellaneous 320,323.18
Cemetery
Construction, repairs, and Improvements, act No. 1527 — 3, 756. 23
School assistance fund, act No. 707 '
Total expenditures 3, 731, 400. 66
Miscellaneous credits:
Repayment of loans to province
Transfers
Payment to province, act No. 1276u
Payment to province, Tarlac dike
Losses, section 41, act No. 1402
Losses, section 42, act No. 1402
Total mlsoeUaoeous credits .
26,868.35
116,00a86
4,50a00
1,000.00
2,024.81
oaso
160,874.52
Balance December 31, 1906 1,000,317.21
Total credits 4,072,60L30
P945,44&11
27,062.08
'i6i,*i6i.'26
52,550.68
' 1,552.' 33
1,078,632.40
11,344.20
1,427.47
i6,ooaoo
642.80
28,414.66
805,556.24
1,012,603.20 I
feOd.30
609.30
10,805.06
11,414.86
592
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Loans to 'provinces from inmdar and Congressional reUrf funds.
PZOTinCM.
BalAxxie
duelMular
gowror
ment Judy
1.1906.
Loans
niAde
duiing fis-
cal jear.
Loans paid
during fla-
oalyear.
doe insular
goveror
meat June
30.1907.
nOM INSULAR FUNDS.
Abra
Albay
Ambos Camarinos .
Antique
Bataana
Batangasb
Capls«.
Cavlte
Ceba'
noiloe
La uSot/'.'.*.'. .'.*'.
Mlndoro.
^34^15
eo,ooaoo
£0,000.00
22. an. 00
6,000.00
49,66147
56,000.00
48.461.63
85.000.00
50,ooaoo
n5,ooo.oo
^346. 15
6,000.00
7,5oaoo
Noeva Ecija g
Oocldental Negros.
Oriental Negros...
Pangaslnan
mS
Samar
Sorsogon *
Tarlac
Tayabas
Zambalee
37,000.00
5,ooaoo
,27,ooaoo
i6,ooaoo
2o,ooaoo
5,ooaoo
60,0Qa00
6,ooaoo
'4,'66a66'
44, 23a 77
20,000lOO
50,ooaoo
10.066.00
io.ooaoo
75,ooaoo
'a6.'o6a'66'
66,666.66
60,000.00
r8s,ooaoo
50,ooaoo
22.5oaoo
13.000LOD
49.664.47
55,000.00
43,461.53
77.500.00
50,000.00
60,000.00
37,ooaoo
6,000.00
21,O00lOO
i6,ooaoo
i6,ooaoo
5.000.00
75;ooaoo
44, 23a 77
4o,ooaoo
70.08100
10,000.00
Total.
FROM CONOBK88IONAL RBLIEr FUNDS.
Albay
Batangas...
Bohol
Bulacan i. . .
Ca\ite
Ilocofl Sur..
Romblon /. .
Total.
666,287.02
O5,ooaoo
2,ooaoo
18.383.71
io,ooaoo
25.ooaoo
19,333.33
6,ooaoo
246,00a00
67,846115
2,ooaoo
18.383.71
145,717.04
20,383.71
844,441.77
66.ooaoo
io.ooaoo
a5.ooaoo
19,838.33
6.ooaoo
125,333.33
a 1^6,000 canceled upon condition that province proTlde an equal amount for expenditure for con-
struction of school buUdings prior to January 1. 1909. (Act No. 1601.)
b Canceled upon condition that province provide an equal amount for expenditure for purcham.
construction, and repair of school buildings and permanent equipment therefor, in ten annual instaO-
ments terminating June 1, 1916. (Act No. 1622.)
e Canceled upon condition that province provide an equal amount for expenditure for pnicbase, con-
struction, and repair of school buildings and permanent equipment therefor, in six annual Instaflmenta
terminating June 1, 1912. (Act NoTlSS.)
d P42,600 canceled upon condition thai province and municipalities that received aid from loana
expend from their general funds for school purposes an amount equal to one^udf the amount received
by them. (Act No. 1560.)
c Cancdea upon condition that province provide an equal amount for expenditure for purchase, con-
struction, and repair of school bufldings and permanent equipment therefor, in six annual installmenta
terminlnatlng November 30, 1912. (Act No. 1622.)
/ Canceled upon condition that province provide 1^50,000 for expenditure for construction and prep-
aration of suitable buildings for schools of arts and trades, domestic science and agriculture. In seven
annual installments terminating June 30. 1913. (Act No. 1603.)
g P15, 000 canceled upon condition that province provide no, 000 for expenditure for school purposes,
in four annual Installments terminating June 30, 1911. (Act No. 1608.)
A P20.000 canceled upon condition that province expend an equal amount in theacqnlsltlto of land,
construction of permanent school buildings, and purchase of equipment for school puri>oses prior to
January 1, 1909. (Act No. 1603.)
i (Canceled upon condition that province devote an equal amount from its general funds to construc-
tion of roads and bridges prior to December 31, 1909. (Act No. 1679.)
i Canceled ui>on condition that province provide an equal amount for expenditure for purchase, con-
struction, and repair of school buildings and permanent equipment therefor, in six annual installmenta
terminating June 30. 1912. (Act No7le22.)
Respectfully eubmitted.
W. H. Clabkk, Acting Auditor.
The Secrbtary of War.
The Governor-General of the Phiufpinb Islands.
The Philippine CoMinssioN.
EXHIBIT NO. 4.
BEPOBT OF THE KinnCIPAL BOABD OF TEE CITT OF KANILA.
MnmoiPAL Board, City op Manila,
Manila, P. /., July 1, 1907.
Sib : The mDnlclpal board has the honor to submit herewith its annual report
covering the fiscal year anded June 30, 1907.
Very respectfully,
Felix M. Roxab,
PreHdent
P. G. McDonnell,
Miguel Yelasgo,
A. W. Hastings,
W. P. Wtlie,
Members,
The Govebnob-Oenebal or the Phiuppine Islands,
ManUa, P. /.
omcE OF the secbetabt.
There have been no changes in the personnel of the board, and the distribu-
tion of the committee work remains the same as last year.
The board held 304 regular sessions and considered and acted upon 3,260 dif-
ferent items of municipal business.
The board executed 24 leases, entered into 14 contracts, and passed 11 ordi-
nances, list of which follows : '
Ordinances enacted &y the municipal board during the fiscal year 1907.
Ko.
Object.
Date of en-
ftctmeDt.
Sanltftry code..
Amending No. 81, pound ordinance
Amending No. 11, nee of itreete and plazas. »
Amending No. 78, building code
Amending No. 81, pound ordinance
Amending No. 68^ electric ordinance...
Bepealing section S, No. 47, regulating manufacture, storage, sale, trans-
portation, and use of explodves
License and permit ordinance
Electric ordinance
Amending No. 98, license and permit ordinance
Amending No. 78, building code
Oct. 20.1908
Nov. 5,1908
Nov. 10,1906
Dec. 12,1006
Dec. 16,1906
Jan. 22,1007
do.
Feb. 11.1907
Feb. 15,1907
Apr. 12.1907
Mar 18.1907
Below is presented a list of various parcels of property purchased by the city
during the yeaV, all of which, with the exception of block 42, in Tondo, for the
new Tondo school, two sites for sewer pumping stations, and the pipe line right
of way, are for widening and straightening the various narrow and crooked
streets in the city.
A list of the property sold by the city is also shown.^
'Tablts showing property leased have been omitted and are on file in the
Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
^ These lists have been omitted and are on file in the Bureau of Insular Af-
fairs, War Department.
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7 38 503
594
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
The contracts with San Juan de Dlos Hospital and St Paul's Hospital for
the care of the indigent sick were continued in force during the year, with satis-
factory-results, the total cost for the year being m,074.80. Under these con-
tracts the two hospitals provide all medical attention, medicine, food, and hos-
pital accommodations at n..40 per day for each patient'
Total cost for the year:
San Juan de Dios Hospital ^25,524.80
St PsLuVa Hospital 25. 550. 00
The contract with the Hospicio de San Jos6 for the care of Juvenile offenders
was likewise continued, the cost to the city having been n0,386, or 40 centavos
per day for each child. During the year there were periodical outbreaks among
the youthful offenders confined in the hospicio, and on more than one occasion a
number of them escaped. Conditions have been remedied there, however, and it
is believed there will be no further complaint on that score.
On February 18 the municipal board pardoned 32 of these youthful malefac-
tors, of whom 7 immediately returned to their evil wigrs and were apprehended
by the police and resentenced. A statement is submitted showing the number,
sex, and the average age.'
On February 17 the secretary of the board, with the superintendent of build-
ings and plumbing inspection and the assistant chief of police, was appointed
a committee to make a study of the election law, and to submit a report with
recommendations respecting the details of the things which the board was
charged with doing under said law. This committee was afterwards directed
to take charge of the election and to provide everything necessary for its suc-
cessful operation.
The committee's first duty was to district the city, or rather to divide the
two districts provided for by the election law Into voting precincts. This was
done by dividing the first district including Tondo, Binondo, San Nicolas, and
Intramuros, and the vessels and cascos in the river and harbor, and having a
population of 112,123, into 23 election precincts. The second district comprising
Ermita, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Miguel, Santa Ana,
and Santa Cruz, and having a population of 107,712, was divided into 25 precincts,
making a total of 48 in all. Provision was thus made for 19,220 voters. Ac-
cording to the census there are actually 41,028 literate American and Filipino
males over 21 years of age. The result of the registration shows either that
the number of voters was largely overestimated or that the voters were very
apathetic, for there were only 7,902 voters registered, or a trifle over 31 per cent
of the population. A table showing the number of voters in each precinct
follows :
Result of the four days of reffistration, June 21, 22, 28, a4id 29, 1907, in the first
and second assembly districts of the city of Manila^
FIRST ASSEMBLY DISTRICT.
Precinct.
1-
2-
8_-.
4-
6-
6...
7—
8—
10...
11...
12...
IS...
Filipi-
nos.
Amer-
icans.
Total.
220
3
223
166
2
107
225
6
230
205
280
182
14
170
118
8
121
m
7
178
141
1
142
184
4
188
224
8
227
120
2
128
62
^_
62
168
8
101 1
Precinct.
14
15
10
17
18.-
19-
20-
21
22
28
TotaL
FOlpi-
nos.
184
05
54
38
47
160
129
8.101
Amer-
icans.
Total.
145
81
75
248
73
33
84
74
197
102
• Omitted and filed In the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAIi BOABD.
596
SECOND ASSEMBLY DISTRICT.
Precinct.
Filipi-
nos.
Amer-
Total.
Precinct.
Filipi-
nofl.
164
61
188
71
100
47
277
igo
331
136
130
Amer-
icans.
Total.
24-
86
248
206
220
m*
142
188
82
189
240
111
87
147
171
18
84
34
16
10
3
6
17
25
10
8
"29
18
10
96
282
240
286
187
145
138.
99
164
260
119
116
160
181
38 .
28
10
15
24
83
60
53
100
37
2
7
187
25
! 89
71
26
1 40- — .
208
27 -
95
28. _
42 -
245
29-
43
97
30, — —
31
44
45 —
330
206
32. -
46 - _
47
368
33 _
188
35'"
48-.. _
Total-
137
36 ._ .
3,946
037
4.482
87
Precincts .
48
Filipinos 7, 046
Americans 856
Total Filipinos and Americans 7, 902
It Is estimated that the cost to the city of holding the election will be ap-
proximatgly n.0,000; this will be paid out of the appropriation for the coming
fiscal year. The estimate Includes rent of polling places, salaries of the officers
of election (four to each precinct), printing, lighting, stationery, etc.
The collections of this office for furnishing and certifying to copies of public
documents were insignificant, amounting to M3.50.
* REPOBT ON FINANCE.
The following comparative Itemized statements of receipts and exi)enditnres,
and other exhibits herewith submitted, form the better and more interesting
part of the report under this head.
Receipts and expenditures, fiscal year 1907.
[Not including sewer and waterworks construction.]
Account.
Net expendi-
ture.
Account.
Net receipts.
To municipal board, advisory
board, public charities, etc ..
ng9,547.0S
76,518.0S
38.000.03
278,630.17
794,130.60
843.437.10
734,258.02
142,280.54
205,394.15
143,366.03
49,009.08
By city assessor and collector, as
per Itemized statement
P^, 590. 254. 80
To law department (including city
attorney's office, sheriff's office,
register od deeds, municipal
court, and justice of the peace
courts) - - . - - .-
By register of deeds .
13,474.74
By Insular treasurer:
tions 1^4,872.84
70 per cent of the in-
terest collected on
balances belong-
ing to sewer and
waterworks ac-
count on deposit
in New York 100,102.21
To office of prosecuting attorney —
To fire department
To police department
To department of engineering and
public works
To department of sanitation and
transportation—
To department of assessments and
collections
To department of city schools (not
including cost of reconstruction
of Cuartel Meislc, other repairs,
and water and electric light)
To permanent public improve-
ments*
104,975.08
246,548.16
By disbursing officer:
Transportation serv-
ice insular gov-
ernment 106,507.24
Interdepartment col-
lections 139,980.92
Total collections
Less refunds paid by dis-
bursing officer 3,567.82
Less refunds paid by
auditor 10,053.14
Total net expenditures by
disbursing officer* - _ — .
8.666,157.68
100,000.00
38,740.00
1,600.00
106,667.24
2.055,252.28
To interest on sewer and water-
works bonds
To flfnkfnff fund. ...^.,^-,^ ,.
To insular government for New
York exchansre - -
Total refunds
18,620.96
Net collections
To insular government balance due
on purchase of land transporta-
tion, etc
2,941,631.32
tion, aopercent of ^3,871,964.92.
TotaL -
By balance brought down
1,161,589.48
3,871,964.92
281,256.88
Total net expenditures
Excess of receipts over expenditures.
4,103,220.80
Total
4,108,220.80
231,256.88
* Bee disbursing officer's Exhibits A and B, p. 601.
596 BEPOBT OF THE PHIUPPIKE COMMISSION.
Sewer and loatenoorka constntction account.
Item.
Amount.
It«,m.
Amount.
DBBIT.
To unotints preriously expended
and rflport4rt
^507,840.76
2,118»806.82
8,000,000.00
414,010.70
200,618.42
CSKOIT.
; By proceeds oi sale of $1,000,000
gold bonds of the issue of June
1. 1906-
By proceeds of sale of $2,000,000
gold bonds of the issue of Jan-
uary 1,1007
1
i
' Total
cal year 1907, as shown by report
of disbursing officer •
To balance on deposit in New
York at 4 per cent -
To balance on deposit in New
York at 3 per cent «
To balance In Treasury here
^2,191,250.00
4,284,010.70
Total. .
6,426,260.70
6,426,900.70
1 By balance brought down
»8,71S,6e4.19
a See disbursing officer's Exhibit C p. 801.
h In addition to this balance there are $1,000,000 of gold bonds authorised to be sold
January 1, 1008, for this account
Sewer and waterworks bonds.
[United States currency.]
Item.
Amount.
Item.
Amount.
To series of June 1, 1906, sold on
that date
To series of January 2, 1907, sold
on that date
To balance on hand to be sold
January 1, 190a.
$1,000,000.00
2,000,000.00
1,000,000.00
By amount authorised by act
No. 1328
$4,000,000.00
Total. -.
4,000,000.00
TotaL _.
By balance brought down
4.000,000.00
1,000,000.00
Sewer and waterworks sinking fund.
First Installment, paid December 8, 1905 $10,370.00
Second Installment, paid December 10, 190G 10,370.00
Interest earned to June 30, 1907 1, 558. 83
Total (United States currency) 40.208,83
This fund is on deposit at 4 per cent interest with the International Banking
Corporation at Washington.
BSPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL, BOABD.
597
Comparative statement of collections for the fiscal years 1906 and 1907 and the
estimated collections for 1908.
Source of revenue.
Fbealyesr—
1906.
1907.
190S (eetl-
mated.)
Real-estate tax
Matadero fees _
Market fees
Municipal Uoeoseg
Livestock, registered and transferred—
Vehicle equipment 1
Rents, city property z.
Municipal court fines and fees
Weights and measures
MlMaUaneous, burial funds (bureau of health)
Justice of the peace fees
Sherlfr fees
Sales, city land
City attorney fees
Electrician fee«
Pound fees-
Franchise tax (Manila Electric Railroad and Light
SecretarFpEouScB'sTboardrfeSIIIirriiririri^
Intemal-reivenue dividend
Mlscdlaneous ~.^.* — . -
Industrial tax.
Certlflcates of registration.
FaU system
Vault deaning
Transportation of meat
Cementerlo del Norte
Bent of niches (bureau of health)
Bunding permits ,
Wat4sr rents .
Bofler inspector fees
,806,265.31
160,048.26
269,430.88
217,968.16
785.80
1,231.30
18.730.29
68,600.77
6,410.40
4,985.60
6,757.90
18,680.80
2,644.80
192.26
7.868.70
4,077.00
28.682.85
69.00
74,876.98
18,811.70
1,191.81
846.00
60,827.16
88,691.85
3,470.74
18,425.00
10,112.40
17,958.90
a0,788.6»
1,070.00
^,302,855.00
. 164,962.58
838.054.41
216,860.40
771.40
1,215.80
19,960.32
53,381.43
715.40
4,012.00
5.968.57
16,768.65
18,307.68
g--— -g-
4,065.14
40,861.54
43.60
135,656.76
6,128.10
Fl, 250,000.00
170.000.00
270.560.00
230.000.00
800.00
1;200.0D
20,000.00
60.000.00
4,000.00
6,000.00
15,000.00
25,000.00
200.00
5.00O.0O
5,000.00
45,000.00
60.00
140,000.00
7,000.00
48.606.26
39,199.00
8,905.16
10,996.50
9,768.60
15,814.47
221,187.98
1,212.00
50,000.00
35,000.00
9,000.00
10.000.00
10.000.00
15.000.00
225.000.00
1.20O.OO
Total eoIlectioDS by city i
Register of deeds..
or and collector.
Misoellaiteous collectiona by insular treasurer
70 per cent of Internal revenue, collected by insu-
lar treasurer
Land transportation furnished the insular gov-
ernment
2.466,780.40
14,860.11
60.00
2,690,254.80
18,474.74
4,872.84
100,102.24
2,600,000.00
14,000.00
86,000.00
96,000.00
Grand totaL.
2,480,690.51
2,708,704.12
2,796,000.00
The above totals do not include Interdepartment collections by disbursing
officer.
Comparative statement of expenditures for 1906 and 1907 and estimate for 190%.
Item.
Fiscal year-
1906.
1907.
1908 (esti-
mated).
Municipal board, advisory board, disbursing ofBce,
public eharities, and care of city prisoners
Department of law (kiduding office of city attorney,
prosecuting attorney, office of sherllT, ofiloe of regis-
ter of deeds, monidpal eourt, and justice of the peace
Fire departarientimr. J. ZllllUlI^IIllIllIIlIIlIllIlllI.
Police department
Engineering and public works
Sanitation and transportation (including street sprink-
ling, street cleaning, care of parks, cemeteries, and
public grounds)
Department of assessments and collections
City schools (not including rents, repairs, water, and
electric Iteht forl90O-7)
Public works 1
Luneta extension
Interest on bonds _ _
Sinking fund -
Exchange..
Fa04,828.74
151,396.91
295,030.63
1.158.380.85
1,108.897.40
907,147.61
116,872.45
272,771.42
782.610.58
260.020.06
Payment on account of purchase of land transportation.
114,796.73
F190,647.98
115.113.11
278.630.17
794.130.60
843,437.10
734,268.02
142,286.64
265,394.15
148,866.08
49.000.08
160,000.00
S8.74O.0O
1,600.00
106.567.24
TotaL-
5,866,258.49
8,871,964.92
F806,OOO.0O
100,240.00
297,920.00
750,000.00
721,465.00
742,700.00
100.000.00
844,728.00
46,000.00
60,000.00
200,000.00
116.220.00
2,820.00
8,744,088.00
Sewer and waterworks coQBtructlon account not included In the above.
598
BEPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Inventory of real estate belonging to the city of Manila June SO, 1907, gumtna-
rized by districts.
Location.
Value.
Location.
Value.
District:
Intramuros _.
Blnondo
San Nicolas
W, 864,178
861,578
860,424
426.146
100,083
12,560
1S5,3G8
840.804
1,485.008
224,426
Dlatrlct— Continued.
Paco
Pandacan
Santa Ana
Reclaimed tract ol land, known
as the " Luneta extension,*' hav-
ing a superfldal area of 247,000
square meters; estimated value—
TotaL
7.44S
6W
Rftnt^ r.TJu, ,
Qufapo _
San MlfiTuel _
Sampaloc
1,285,000
Tondo
Ermfta -
Malate- _
6.780.777
•
Summary of nonexpendable personal property belonging to the city of Manila,
June 30, 1907, listed by departments.
Municipal board ' M, 365. 39
City disbursing office 4, 8d8. 57
Department of engineering and public works - 426,554.08
Police department *__ 179, 159. 30
Fire department 254, 088. 71
Department of schools 72,363.20
liaw department . 27, 112. 65
Department of sanitation and transportation 607, 851. 35
Total 1, 581. 393. 25
Assets and liabilities of the city of Manila, June SO, 1907.
ASSETS.
Real estate, as per statement F6, 789, 777. 00
Personal property, as per statement 1,581,393.25
Accrued interest on balance in New York (see sewer and water-
works account, p. 590) 26,067.72
Internal-revenue dividends withheld by auditor waiting adjust-
ment of certain claims in favor of the insular government 77,778. 80
Claim against insular government for reimbursement for police
service rendered by the city 277, 550. 00
Claim against San Lazaro estate for taxes from 1901 to 1907,
inclusive, estimated at 200,000.00
94 shares of the capital stock of the Banco Espafiol-Filipino 23, 500. 00
Deferred payments on sales of city real estate 67,552.62
Insular government — tentative agreement to take over from the
city the care and maintenance of the river walls and to re-
imburse the city for all expenditures made by the city upon
said walls, about 300,000.00
Total 9, 343, 619. 39
Note. — Total assessed valuation of real estate subject to taxation, m,689,785.
LIABILITIES.
Sewer and waterworks bonds, 30-year 4 per cents:
Issue of June 1, 1905 ^2,000,000.00
Issue of January 2, 1907 4, 000, 000. OO
Total 6, 000, 000. 00
Less sinking fund, as provided by act No. 1323 80,597.66
Net funded debt 5,919,402.34
To the above may be added, as a contingent liability, two claims
made by the insular government, both of which are denied by
the board as valid claims against the city 77, 778. 80
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOABD. 599
Assets and UahiHHes of the city of Manila, June SO, 1907 — Continued.
LIABILITIES — continued.
One claim Is for care and maintenance of prisoners *ln Billbld,
between dates of July 1, 1904, and December 31, 1905, amount-
ing to the sum of 46,562.80
The other claim Is for court costs and fees accruing prior to the
passage of act No. 1385 amounting to the sum of 31, 216. 00
Total 77, 778. 80
Action has been taken by both the honorable Commission and the municipal
board, with the view of reaching an amicable adjustment of these claims.
The municipal board has been confronted during the past two years with the
difficult problem of reshaping the expenditures of the city so as to fit the greatly
reduced revenues, which followed the repeal of the old industrial-tax law and
the old stamp-tax law, whereby the clty*s Income was reduced about TC00,000.
It has been no easy task to bring the expenditures to a point within the re-
duced Income, since public works planned and underway prior to the repeal of
said laws had to be carried to completion, as well as other necessary Improve-
ments which had to be made and paid for.
The trimming process has been constantly but carefully applied, and with
reasonably gratifying results, both as to the saving effected and the standard
of maintenance and permanent improvements accomplished.
The authorized expenditures for the city of Manila for the fiscal year 1907,
exclusive of sewer and waterworks construction, aggregated K,7323S8, as
follows :
For the municipal board, advisory board, public charities, and dis-
bursing officer F 203, 000. 00
For the law department 117,000.00
For the Are department 290,000.00
For the police department ^ 837,500.00
For the department of schools, 292,000.00
For the department of assessments and collections 1 107, 500. 00
For the department of engineering and public works 864,500.00
For the department of sanitation and transportation 770,000.00
For public Improvements 42,148.00
For the Luneta extension 50, 000. 00
For the Interest on sewer and water bonds ' 120, 000. 00
For the sinking fund 38, 740. 00
Total 3, 732, 3^. 00
To the above should be added contingent liabilities on account of
unexpended appropriations for public Improvements brought for-
ward from the fiscal year 1906 193, 951. 44
Also the balance due on account of purchase from the Insular
government of land transportation and corral 106, 569. 24
Making a total of 4. 032, 008. 68
As appears from the foregoing statement, the board entered upon the fiscal
year 1907 with authority to spend the sum of M,032,908, exclusive of the sewer
and waterworks construction. The board, however, was resolved that the ex-
penditures should not exceed the receipts. The latter being somewhat of a
doubtful quantity, economy became the watchword and the head of each and
every department cooperated with the board in keeping the expenses down to a
minimum without danger of serious Impairment or prejudice to the efficiency
of the service and best Interests of the public. In other words, all the depart-
ments of the city got right close down to a real business basis. As a result the
city had at the close of the year an unexpended balance of receipts over ex-
penditures of K31,255.88, as shown by the balance sheet presented as a part of
this report, and no obligations left over to be carried forward to the new year.
The increased receipts over those of 1906, upon which, to a very considerable
degree, the estimates or authorized expenditures were based, accounts for no
small share of this balance.
600 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
In making the comparison of expenditures for 1007 with the* expenditures for
1906, It should he home in mind that of the amount expended in 1907 the sum
of K00,240 was absorbed for interest on the sewer and waterworks l^nds and
the sinking fund for same, a charge not before appearing. This item will con-
tinue to increase until. all. the bonds are sold, when the total annual charge for
interest and sinking fund will become fixed at 1^474,900.
The income for 1907 from all sources (not including the government's con-
tribution), amounting to ^2,708,704.12, shoyirs a net gain of 1*228,013.61 as com-
Ikired with 1906. The principal items showing a gain are :
Real-estate tax ^94, 589. 69
Water rents 10, 449. 29
Franchise tax 12, 198. 60
Internal-revenue dividends 60, 779. 83
Sales of city land 15, 753. 33
The market receipts show a falling off of nearly 12 per cent, owing, in part,
to the suspension of collections at bay and estero landings and at church
fiestas, but under new regulations and a better distribution of space in the
markets, it is believed that collections for 1908 will exceed those of 1906, and
without increasing the stall renta
The new license ordinance (No. 93) which went into effect April 15, 1907,
repealing all other license ordinances, will materially increase the income from
this source. It is hoped and believed that the registration or cedula tax will
be increased from «. to f^, whereby the revenues of the city will be aug-
mented W0,000 annually. Ninety per cent or more of those paying this tax
make no other contribution to the city in return for the many benefits received.
The city is in urgent need of a larger income to adequately keep pace with its
growing needs, and it is believed that the current expenses for the upkeep and
maintenance of the several departments of the city can not be further reduced
without sacrifice to the best interests of the service.
The level reached as between receipts and expenditures for the past year
shows a good margin on the side of receipts, wh!ch at first thought might sub-
ject the board to criticism for not having expended more for permanent public
improvements, but not until at or near the close of the year is it possible to
calculate at all closely what the excess balance, if any, may be. Furthermore,
it should be remembered that, as a business proposition, a fair balance should
be kept in sight for an emergency, and that will be the aim of the board in the
future. Then, too, a considerable contribution from the city revenues will be
required to complete the system of distribution pipes throughout the city for
the new water supply, since the fund realized by the sale of bonds has been
impaired by the imposition of customs duties on every dollar of material im-
ported entering Into the work of construction, together with a charge, also
imposed by the insular government, of from three^uarters to li per cent for
the transfer of all moneys realized from the sale of the bonds. These are
charges that were not counted upon by the chief engineer, and will increase
the cost of the work by nearly a quarter of a million pesos. However, the
board contemplates a much larger expenditure for permanent public improve-
ments the coming year than would appear from the foregoing estimate, W6,000,
which covers only such items as could be definitely determined upon at the
time the estimates were under consideration, and before the exact financial
status of the city could be calculated. A supplementary estimate callbig for
the appropriation of an additional nOO,000 for public works is now under
consideration.
BEFOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOABO.
601
Exhibit A. — Becapiiulation of expenditures fn>m appropriations for the ^fiscal
year ended Jt^ne SO, 1907.
By whom ezpfloded.
Munlefpal board n»,S27.63
Law department (office city at-
torney) 67,S5S.28
Office pro§ecatlng attorney 30, 241 .25
Fire department 288,187.88
Department of engineering and
public works 874.984.04
Department of ■anltatlon and
traneportation 464,854.13
Department of sewer and water-
works construction 91,072.70
Department of assessments and
eo]leetion....jL IIS.712.87
Department of police 744,988.90
Department of city schools ' 196,281.67
Public works, city of Manila '
Oonstniction of extension to Lu- ,
net a
Salaries
Total 2,404,961.42
I
Oontlngent
expenses.
m8,822.74
0,234.66
0.874.48
46,096.76
460,000.18
200,810.21
2,023,083.07
20,901.85
58,758.07
70,116.50
Tax
refunds.
W,667.82
Public
works.
n48,
40,
8,000,648.j
8,567.89
102,
356.08
000.03
866.06
Anregate.
r208,6SO.37
76,786.92
39,615.73
270,296.64
844,884.22
734,473.84
2,114.105.n *
146.272.54
803,746.06
265.307.17
143,356.08
40.000.03
6,700,632.82
Disbursements by city diaburalng officer and settlements by insular auditor TH, 235, 769. 05
Supplies purchased from bareau of aupply 422, 511. 70
10 per cent surcharge paid on supplies purchased from bureau of supply 42, 261. 17
Totol gross eipenditures 6, 700. 532. 82
Less expenditures from bond-issue funds sewer and waterworks construc-
tion (W.1 14,106.77), repayments (^17.701.66), and tax refunds
(W.667.8i) - --- 2. 136. 376. 14
Total net expenditures 3, 665, 167. 68
Exhibit B.— Public works, city of Manila.
By balance. In act No. 830, July 1. 1906 «.,104.17
By balance, In acts Nos. 1421 and 1488, July 1, 1906 179. 721. 13
By appropriation, act No. 1540 42, 148. 80
By appropriation, act No. 1661 6, 130. 76
ri.28
To unexpended balances relinquished
To purchase of grounds for and construction of mar-
kets in Sampaloc and Paco
To construction, including incidental expenses of
Ayala Bridge 21, 338. 15
To repairs to and reconstruction of Paslg River walls
below the bridge of Spain
To straightening and widening of streets as may be
necessary to meet obligations heretofore incurred—
For the erection of permanent street monuments
To unexpended balance
229, 104. 86
1, 104. 17
83,013.49
36, 901. 15
999.07
85. 747. 55
Qross.
229. 104. 86
Net.
Total expenditures W43,356.03 W43,356.03
Exhibit C. — Department of sewer and watertoorks construction.
By appropriation, act No. 1547 «, 834. 000. 00
- 400,000.00
1 144, 359. 54
209. 95
By appropriation, act No. 1656-
By unexpended balance, act No. 1422
By collections and repayments
By amount taken credit for, owing to duplicate charges in
amount advanced under provisions of act No. 1323
10. 326. 64
2, 388. 896. 13
602 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Department of sewer and toaterworks conatruetion — GoDtinued.
Expenditures :
Services rendered by disbursing office, mu-
nicipal board, act No. 1422 K, 900. 00
- Salaries and wages —
Classified employees 68, 636. 52
Hire of temporary inspectors 1,821.17
Labor 26,815.01
Contingent expenses —
Purchase and repair of field equipment,
furniture, supplies, and tools 7,009.23
Advertising, cablegrams, postage, and
telegrams 672.70
Printing and binding 96.72
Official vehicle transportation 6,174.72
Street-car transportation 256.00
Maintenance of road along pipe line 399. 34
Expropriation of property sites for sewer
pumping station 17,930.29
Expropriation of property sites along
water-supply pipe line 3,170.63
Payments on contracts for sewer con-
struction 1, 060, 782. 40
Payments on contracts for waterworks
construction 834, 659. 74
Customs duties on sewer-system ma-
terials 23,992.19
Customs duties on waterworks system
materials 41,663.87
Construction of storm-water sewers aud
drains 11,691.47
Traveling expenses 387. 50
Telephone service 1, 046. 20
Payments of exchange premiums on
transfers of funds 20,386.90
Incidental expenses 2,804.17
Unexpended balance 274,790.36
2, 388, 896. 13
Net expenditures- 2, 113, 895. 82
ENOINEEBING AND PUBLIO WOBKB.
The department is organized under the following branchefl: Street construc-
tion and bridges, water supply and sewers, drafting and surveys, building and
plumbing inspection, and city repair shops (abolished March 31, 1907).
STRBET CONSTBDCTION AND BBIOOBS.
The street area within the city limits embraces 91 miles of streets (146.54
kilometers), with a total area under repair of 1,360,354 square meters, of
which 17,433 are paved with wood blocks, 34,932 with granite blocks, and
1,307,989 are paved with macadam. The material for macadam paving is se-
cured by the city from Its own quarries at Tallm Island, Laguna de Bay, and
during the year the stone quarried for city use was 44,891 cubic meters. The
transportation to the city Is conducted by the launches Washington and Jan
and a fieet of 24 scows, the distance hauled being approximately 27 miles, all
water transportation. The cost to the department for crushed stone delivered
on the banks of the Paslg River for the year was as follows :
Quarrying :
Labor W6,907.75
Materials and repairs 10, 371. 52
W7,2T9.27
Towing :
T^bor 9, 794.65
Materials and repairs 12, 823. 58
22, 6ia 23
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOABD. 608
Loading and unloading, including repair of scows :
Labor M7, 650. 70
Materials and repairs 20,735.06
l'«8,345.75
Total 128, 243. 26
Unit cost per cubic meter:
Quarrying 1. 05
Towing .43
Loading and unloading 1.09
2.57
For March this cost was W.98 ; for April, ^2.66 ; for May, ?^.24, and for June
«.25.
In addition to the 44,891 cubic meters used for street repair, 4,193 cubic meters
of crushed stone were sold during the year, the department being credited with
M.0,407.05, showing a net cost to the city of K.40 per cubic meter.
The launches made 315 trips, covering a distance of 17,010 miles. The cost
of hauling paving materials from the river bank to street was ^50,623.77.
Steam rollers. — During the year three steam rollers and one traction engine
have been used on street work. The average number of days worked by each
roller was 261. Each roller has been overhauled and the engine put in good
condition. It will be necessary, however, during the coming year to renew the
driving whoels and large gears. In order to handle the 1,307,089 square meters
of macadam area to advantage it is necessary that one more 15-ton roller be
provided. Another roller will do away with the expensive hand rolling required
at the present time, owing to the lack of sufficient steam rollers.
The traction engine was used to advantage during the dry season, but was
laid up during the rainy season, owing to the. excessive wear and tear on the
roQd surface. A careful account kept during the year shows that the cost of
hauling per ton-mile witli traction engine is 13 cents, as against 40 cents per
ton-mile by wagon.
The cost of operating the three road rollers was W,898.43, or W1.36 per day
for one road roller, and of operating the traction engine M,902.77, or K1.99
per day.
Sidewalks and curbing. — By city ordinance the abutting owner is required to
build and the city to maintain sidewalks, but on account of the suspension of
this ordinance nothing has been done during the past year in this important
branch of street maintenance ; the result is that the walks throughout the city
are in a dilapidated, and sometimes dangerous, condition. The city is certainly
not in a position to undertake the outlay of the enormous amount necessary for
this purpose. In Calle Rosario and the Escolta, where the abutting owners re-
imbursed the city for the building of the .walks, they have reaped the benefit of
clean, well-paved streets, and it would api)ear advantageous to follow the plan
throughout the principal business streets. A healthy public sentiment in favor
of this method would do much to enhance the beauty of the city.
There were installed 1,477 linear meters of curbing, at an average cost of
n.80 per linear meter. This amount should be increased, as the cost of
maintaining a paved street is greatly reduced by curbing and guttering.
Permanent paving. — ^The experience gained by this department in the matter
of suitable permanent paving for the principal business streets goes to show
that the Australian wood block is a failure, on account of its liability to rot.
The substitution of molave, or possibly some other native hard wood, would
without doubt give entirely different results, as indicated by the excellent results
obtained with molave block paving on the Maura and Blanco bridges. The
Blanco in particular probably has the heaviest traffic of any bridge in tUe city
of Manila. During the past year only ^83.58 were spent in repairing this
bridge, and all of this amount on repairing and painting the railing. It is quite
possible that there are other Philippine woods which would prove suitable for
wood-block paving, if treated with creosote and resin, and arrangements are
now being made to determine by actual trial the wearing qualities of some of
the softer Philippine woods.
The asphalt paving on the Ayala Bridge has now stood the test of one year*s
service, and while perhaps too soon to speak with authority on the subject, it
appears to be a success. If no sign of rotting is evident at the end of the present
rainy season, we may fairly state that the mixture used on this bridge is suit-
604 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE C0HMI88I0K.
able for secondary business streets on practically level stretches. Its slippery
nature, however, would prevent its use on bridge inclines or other steep grades.
The question of permanent paving must be held in abeyance until all under-
ground constructions are completed in any section it is desired to thus pave.
It is estimated that an area of nearly 850,000 square meters will cover those
streets where permanent paving is desirable for some years to come The
various classes of suitable paving for these areas are as follows :
Material.
Estimated coat per
square meter for —
OoiiBtrae>
tion.
Annaal
maln-
tenanee.
Vltriflert brick on concrete foundation _. ^1.41
Molave blocks on concrete foundation 16.48
Stone blocks on concrete foundation I 9.63
Asphalt on concrete foundation - i ' 6.W
BltuUthle, or tar macadam paving — ■ 3.99
Oreoresinate block on concrete foundation.. — ll.fiO
Australian wood block on concrete (actual cost) i 9.89
n.os
.57
1.07
.85
1.07
2.06
During the year vast damage has been done to the street surface In various
portions of the city by the necessary excavations for the new sewer work, and
the same conditions must be expected in other portions of the city during the
ensuing year. It will probably take some two years after the work is completed
before the average street can be brought into its former condition. It must be
expected, therefore, that the cost of repairing and maintaining streets will in-
crease, not only directly on account of these excavations but also indirectly from
the fact that the tralBc is temporarily confined to those portions of the street
not disturbed by the excavations. A still more serious damage to street paving
in certain districts of the city is due to the lack of a tire law, and some action
should be taken to compel the use of tires of a width to be determined by the
nature of the vehicle and the load upon it.
The total amount expended for street construction and maintenance was
W38.570.21.
Bridges. — Within the city limits there are 64 bridges and 17 culverts under
constant supervision and repair. Of these, 5 are~steel bridges, 29 masonry-arch
bridges, 16 of wood, 1 with wood floor carried on I-beams, and 2 are of I-beams
and concrete arches.
In addition to those above enumerated, the suspension bridge crossing the
Paslg River is owned and operated by a private corporation, but la. subject to in-
spection by this department.
On August 13, 1006, the Ayala Bridge was opened to public trafllc without
ceremony. The total cost of the bridge was:
Contract for substructure ^78,714.00
CJontract for superstructure 129,726.00
Inspection and incidentals 3,686.67
Approaches, bridge proper 1,528.60
Total ' 213, 665. 27
In addition, the approaches were widened and new retaining walls built at a
cost of W8,221.31. this being charged to street construction.
The heaviest repairs on bridges during the year were as follows: Chlnesco
Bridge, reflooring; Palomar Bridge, refloorlng and repairing abutments and
piers; Azcarraga Bridge, relaying floors and minor repairs; San Sebastian
Bridge, reconstruction (completed October 17, 1006; cost, f*3,105.77) ; Bridge of
Spain, repairs to steel arches, foundation, and sidewalks ; Avlles, concrete abut-
ments installed and bridge widened 2.5 meters.
The general Inspection of all bridges and supervision of bridge work, which
formerly was performed by a special bridge lnsi)ector, is now carried on by the
district stv^t inspectors In addition to their other duties. The maintenance of
wooden bridges throughout the city is a serious and constant source of expense,
and as soon as funds are available for the purpose they should be replaced by
reenforced-concrete arches. It Is proposed, during the ensuing year, to widen
Paco Bridge, the Escolta Bridge, and, if possible, the San Marcelino Bridge, all
fiEPOBT OF THE MXJKIGIPAIi BOABD. 606
of which are at present too narrow to properly carry the traffic with safety.
New bridges are much needed on Calle Moriones over the Reyna Canal, and in
Galle Soler over the Troso and San Jacinto Esteros. *
Eatero improvements, — Owing to lack of appropriation no work has been done
toward the improvement, dredging, or cleaning of the esteros of the city, which
should be the subject of special appropriation, as, when developed, the cost of
water transportation of merchandise within the city limits can be greatly
reduced.
WATEB SUPPLY AMD SBWEKS.
Pumping station^ £[an<oZan.— The equipment of Santolan pumping station, con-
sisting of four pumping engines, was greatly improved during the year by exten-
sive repairs, the principal item of which was the substitution of metal valves
for the rubber valves previously used, which resulted in large economy not only
in the maintenance but also In the effectiveness of the pumps.
As a result of these repairs a reduction of 28 per cent in the average number
of pump-hours per day has been possible. The engines have been speeded up
from 22 revolutions per minute to 29 revolutions per minute. The net result
of repairs and alterations made in the engines was shown conclusively during
the dry season, as at no time was there the slightest danger of any shortage of
water.
The total pumpage for the year was 7,471,762 cubic meters by a coal con-
sumption of 2,241 tons, as against 8,443,455 cubic meters for the preceding year
by a coal consumption of 2,771 tons — that is, with a reduction in pumpage of
11.5 per cent, the saving of coal was 19.1 per cent.
The boilers gave no trouble, and are in as good condition practically as at the
beginning of the year. The buildings and grounds are in first-class condition*
and present a neat and attractive appearance. The dam is in fairly good con-
dition ; the only repairs of any importance needed were made by the contractor
for the Montalban Dam, on account of slight injuries caused by hauling his
material over the dam at Santolan.
The conduit leading from the river to the pump wells was cleaned out and
repaired, and a new intake constructed to allow a greater quantity of water to
enter the conduit
A cave-in which threatened serious results occurred in the tunnel leading to
the pump wells within a few yards of the station. Prompt action with all the
available force of the department averted danger, and the repair was made
before there was any danger of shortage of water.
Conduit and deposito, — The conduit leading from the pumping station to the
depqfllto is a construction difficult of access, and in the past has been given little
attention. A careful examination made in the early portion of the year showed
that portions of the conduit were filled with mud and debris that had caved
in from the roof, and that there were many cracks in the masonry through
which roots protruded into the conduit. The effect of these conditions was two-
fold— during the dry season water escaped from the conduit in large quantities
and in the rainy season seepage water entered the conduit in large quantities.
There was, therefore, a shortage of water when it was most needed, and in
the wet season polluted water could enter the conduit near the point of con-
sumption, with very little chance of purification through sedimentation and
aeration. The tunnel was cleaned from end to end of all debris, and the cracks
and other defects repaired, nearly a thousand cubic yards of material being
removed during the operation. This work has very materially improved con-
ditions, as is seen by the fact that the pumpage decreased 11.5 per cent with-
out any diminution of the storage in the deposito. Incidentally it may be noted
that there has been a notable reduction in the prevalence of water-borne dis-
eases since the tunnel was cleaned.
The deposito grounds are in good condition.
The Santolan road was maintained in as good condition as the traffic demands
upon It Justify. Its principal use is for hauling coal to the pumping station.
The practice of sacking the coal for hauling to Santolan has been discontinued,
as it involved an expense of n.75 per ton, or 14 per cent of the original cost,
and it is believed that the loss in transportation will not amount to more than
7 per cent.
Distribution system. — ^The distribution system has been maintained at a high
state of efficiency. No serious breaks occurred; the chief breaks being
occasioned in small mains by the construction of the new sewer works, and these
606 BBPOBT OF TH^ PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
were repaired by the contractor, care being taken by this department that
every facility was given for prompt work. Repairs to the number of 1,292 were
'tnade by the force of the department, and it is believed that the loss from leak-
age in mains in Manila is far below the average loss from this cause in cities
working under similar conditions.' The main 26-inch pipe line was kept in
good condition.
Installations, — Seven installations of pipe, amounting to 2,179 linear meters,
were made, at a cost of n4,737.55, all of which, with the exception of a 2-ineh
main on Calle Balic-Balic, are of a permanent nature and will form part 'of the
new distribution system. Four of the installations were in outlying districts,
where previously no water mains existed; the other three were installed to
increase the flow through existing pipes and cut out dead ends. Twelve new
tire hydrants were installed, bringing the total number of modem post fire
hydrants up to 265. Repairs and relocations of many hydrants were made to
increase efficiency in case of fire. During the month of June serious danger
to the fire efficiency was caused by vandals stealing brass lock nuts from the
hydrants, and a device has been installed to render this species of robbery
more difficult
Public hydrants. — Nine public hydrants were installed for the benefit of the
poorer class who can not afford house installations. To decrease the exces-
sive wastage from the existing pipe hydrants, improvements have been intro-
duced by which the hydrants are now automatic.
Services, — Installations to the number of 272 were made and 69 discontinued,
4 permits issued and 10 discontinued for launch service, etc., leaving a net In-
crease of 197 services, the total on June 30, 1907, being 4,245.,
Of these, 100 services are free, being installations to various government
buildings and charitable institutions. A strong effort is being made to have all
these installations metered, especially as the showing from those already
metered indicates that the consumption has been estimated in the past far below
the actual amount used. The free service of water granted to the charitable
institutions and government bureaus amounts in the aggregate to nearly
WO.OOO per annum.
Meters, — There are in use in the city of Manila 20 different kinds of water
meters, 2 or 3 makes predominating. As long as the meter is to be purchased
by the consumer, no restriction can be placed upon the style of meter to be in-
stalled. Experience has shown, however, that disk meters generally give poor
service. As a result of this experience, the importation of disk meters has
practically ceased, and, as a consequence, it is almost impossible to secure new
disks to repair broken meters of this type, which compels the owner to pur-
chase a new meter of another type, a hardship upon the owner. During the
year 883 meters were repaired in the water-supply shops. %
Sewers. — There were expended on the maintenance, repair, and cleaning
of existing sewers ?^.019.56, as against W6,295.60 for the preceding year. This
reduction of cost is due to the fact that many of the old sewers have been
replaced during the last two years with properly designed and constructed
storm-water drains, which so far have not required expense for maintenance.
There is, however, much yet to be done in rebuilding the old sewers, inadequate
and badly built. One sewer in particular, which will certainly require extensive
alteration in the near future, is that in the moat — ^a temporary structure which
can not last much longer. New storm-water drains were constructed at a cost
of Wl,937.40, of which amount W,776.36 was paid from cleaning and repair
funds and the remainder from the new sewer-construction funds.
Work on private sewers to the amount of ^224.05 was done by the city and
paid for by the owners.
BOILEH INSrBCTION.
The number of boilers inspected was 158, as compared with 186 In 1906, a
decrease of 28. The horsepower increased from 8,548 to 10,219. The fees for
inspection amounted to 1^1,054. The expense in connection with this service
amounted to K,294.27, or more than twice the amount of fees received for
this work. The decrease in cost of boiler inspection is due to the fact that the
boiler inspector now devotes nearly half his time to the management of the
Santolan pumping station, combining two offices in one.
PLDMBXNO INSPECTION.
The conditions under which plumbing is done in the city of Manila have
changed radically. The sanitary code (ordinance No. 86) became effective on
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOABD. 607
January 1, 1907, under the proTlsiona of which rules covering all plumbing
work are laid down in detail, and on April 1, 1907, ordinance No. 93 became
effective, which places all plumbing work under the supervision of duly licensed
plumbers whose qualifications are passed upon by a board of three examiners.
The result of the passing of these two ordinances is already apparent in the
great improvement in sanitary installations. No work of sanitary installation
can be commenced without permit being secured by a master plumber, and final
certificate of inspection must be issued before the work is accepted. As a
natural consequence all plumbing done in the city is completely under the
control of the department. The installations made during the year were cov-
ered by 528 permits, 477 certificates for work completed being Issued; 160
plans for new work were approved; 250 tests of plumbing systems applied;
330 vaults of various descriptions constructed, and fixtures to the number of
2,988 installed. The approximate cost to house owners of the work thus done
was n30,000; this exclusive of plumbing done by city, insular, and military
governments.
DBAFTINO AND 8URVBTB.
With a decrease hi the amount available for public works the demand upon the
office of drafting and surveys lias been limited principally to the routine work
of adjusting street lines and grades and checking descriptions of property entered
in the court of land registration. More time was therefore available than hitherto
for the preparation of district plans of the city, and street maps of the districxs
of San Nicolas, Binondo, Santa Cruz, Quiapo, San Miguel, Ermita, Malate, and
Paco have now been completely compiled on a scale of 1 to 1,000, and those of
the districts of Sampaloc and Tondo are partially complete. The preparation
of plans of the outlying districts are being compiled as rapidly as possible. In
addition to this city map of scale of 1 to 1,000, detail block maps on a scale of
1 to 400 have been prepared, covering the districts of San Nicolas, Binondo,
Santa Cruz, and Quiapo on which it is proposed eventually to show all details
of house lines, service mains, conduits, sewers, and public utility constructions.
A very important work started was the location of permanent street monu-
ments, for which purpose n,000 was allotted. A cheap form of concrete monu-
ment was adopted, with an iron spike for centering the station point. These
monuments are located on a range line 50 centimeters from the approved build-
ing lines and have already been installed in the principal streets of San Nicolas,
south Tondo, and Binondo, and the most important streets of other districts
throughout the city. This work was necessarily stopped when the appropria-
tion for the same had been expended. It is anticipated that a more liberal
appropriation will be made for this purpose during the ensuing year, as the
work is of great importance, not only to the definite location of street lines upon
the ground, but also as a basis upon which to establish all surveys of private
property throughout the city for registration in the land court.
The driveways in the Cementerio del Norte have been laid out as required by
the development of the cemetery, both as to line and grade.
The only sums expended for public work, exclusive of street monuments, were
devoted to the purchase of lands expropriated for street widening and straight-
ening, the necessary surveys for which, accompanied by their proper technical
description, were made by this department.
BUILPINO INSPECTION.
This office is charged with the inspection of all buildings, public and private,
throughout the city, and the maintenance and repair of buildings belonging to
the municipality. All the city buildings are now in good condition with one or
two exceptions noted below. Most of the market buildings were painted, as was
also the city hall and the high school building on Calle Victoria. The Cuartel
Meisic was converted into a school building capable of accommodating 1,750
scholars, a portion being reserved for a police station.
The only exceptions to city buildings in good condition at the close of the
fiscal year are the hose tower of the Santa Cruz fire station, which will have to
be removed and rebuilt before long, and the Paco fire station, on which extensive
repairs and alterations were commenced Just prior to the close of the fiscal year.
This building will be converted into a modem fire station by the addition of a
second story for the accommodation of the firemen, leaving the main building
below for the exclusive use of the fire apparatus.<>
«A table showing cost of repairs to public buildings has been omitted and is on
file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
608 BEPOST OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Building permits. — Permits were issued during the year as follows :
Item.
PeimlU.
Value.
strong materials:
New buIldlDffs..
Repairs
Light materials:
"Kew bnildinn
"n:::::::::..::
--------
M6
1.119
8.079
r«68,007
248.560
150,718
Repairs
———__—. —
146,887
Total
5.068
1.496.716
CITY SHOPS.
On March 31, 1907, the city repair shops were transferred to the insular gov-
eminent and consolidated with the prison shops at Bilibid. The carpenter and
water-supply shops were retained by the department, it being impracticable to
carry on the work of maintaining the city buildings and waternsupply distribu-
tion system with prison labor. The buildings vacated by the transfer of the
shops to Bilibid were turned over to the bureau of education for use by the
school of arts and trades. During the nine months' operation of the shop the
value of work turned out was ^(50,271.70, consisting of repairs to all equipment
of the department of engineering and public works, the fire department, depart-
ment of sanitation and transportation, and miscellaneous work of the several
city departments. The department finds itself considerably handicapped through
lack of a blacksmith and an ironworking shop for emergency work. The cost
of repair and maintenance of city buildings has been considerably increased
through having to saw and dress lumber by hand.
GBNBEAL OFFICB.
The force of American clerks and inspectors has been gradually replaced
by Filipinos, and on June 30, from a force of 7 American clerks, only 2 remain —
the chief clerk and the stenographer. The entire force of American building in-
spectors has been replaced by Filipinos.
During the year 1,490 vouchers were prepared for payment, representing an
expenditure of ^,300,692.09, under 97 headings and subdivided accounts. The
records of the department are in excellent condition and readily accessible for
reference. On June 30 the property division was transferred from Arroceros
shops to the general ofiice, and the responsibility and accountability for all
the property of the department placed upon the chief clerk. The value of prop-
erty on hand at the close of business June 30 was ^26,554.08, exclusive of
buildings.
BBIDGBS.
The work performed on bridges during the year was :^
The general inspection of all bridges and the supervision of bridge work has
been performed by the district street inspectors in addition to their other duties.
<> Tables showing the work done on streets and bridges, pumpage and con-
sumption of water and quantity of coal consumed, water service in operation,
and collectible revenues have been omitted and are on file in the Bureau of
Insular Affairs, War Department.
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOABD.
609
Private buUding construction and repair, by diatricta.
Strong materials.
Light materials.
District.
New bulldinffs.
Repairs.
New buildings.
Repairs.
Per-
mttft.
Value.
Per-
mits.
Value.
Per/
mlts.
Value.
Per-
mlts.
Value.
Bfiiondo _
113
49
88
76
12
6
M
11
151
40
68
44
122
^85.385
112,676
7,660
67,270
19,000
51,500
118,620
46,750
165.365
64.782
61.180
58.890
154,070
152
70
67
28
19
1
96
2
148
165
45
89
64
f48,820
17.015
Ermlta
Intramuros _. .
49,028
Malate.
7,655
5,805
500
20,836
450
23.843
25,760
7,375
80 193
184
61
21
267
44
164
i'
r26,390
6,965
2,610
42,305
7,725
23,525
20'
'""421173"
295
226
67
559
125
491
1^13,177
Paco
10,320
Pandacan.
2,446
Sampaloc ,
27,923
S||inta Ann. , ,
5.608
Saota Gniz
26,513
San Nicolas
SanMlsuel .
Quiapo .
1
1.325
76
Tondo. «
6',289 377
60,275
Total fiscal year 1907
Total dBcal year 1906
809
978
ff)8.097
1,860,801
946
972
248,560
207,146
1,119
1,885
150,713
248,973
8,079
2,149
146,837
ia5,668
DifferoDce
164
902.704
28
63,577
766
96,260
990
10.669
Expenditures, fiscal year 1907, for public works, city of Manila.^
Purchase of grounds and construction of markets, Sampaloc and Paco_ W, 104. 17
Erection of permanent street monuments 999.07
Repair and reconstruction, Pasig River walls :
Ck)nstructlon rro, 730. 50
Inspection 3,245.11
Incidentals 37. 88
83,013.49
Straightening and widening of streets 36, 901. 15
Luneta extension 49, 009. 03
Ayala Bridge construction and incidental expenses 21,338.15
Total 192, 365. 06
POLICE DEPARTMENT.
This department, in its reduced condition, is barely able to keep up with the
necessary police work. It Is not sufficiently large to be flexible and to be capable
of properly covering the widely scattered districts approaching the city limits,
and on numerous occasions, owing to the frequent and largely attended proces-
sions, or for other reasons, it has been necessary to draw In the police to such
an extent that for the time being other districts have been without adequate
protection. In the entire districts of Ermlta and Malate from the Walled City
to Pasay there are not more than five men available for regular duty on the
streets.
Under these circumstances it Is not surprising that rateros or petty thieves
and porch climbers have occasionally operated in gangs with some success. Er-
mlta and Malate are populated largely by Americans, and as a class they are
careless in closing or locking doors and windows, perhaps on account of the
warm climate and the desire for ventilation. Many doors are secured only at
rare Intervals or during storms. Little or no care is taken in identifying serv-
ants when received for employment, and frequently complainants are able to
give nothing more than a Christian name and an indefinite and wholly unsatis-
factory description.
The numerous esteros, bridged only at long intervals, and the large unlm-
liroved areas sometimes devoted to agriculture, and usually practically Impass-
" Tables showing expenditures of the department of engineering and public
works have been omitted and are on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War
Department.
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7 39
610 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
able, are great obstacles in patrol work, and the territory which can be cov-
ered by the average man in this city is therefore much reduced, ^ey com-
munication, which is a characteristic of American cities, means increased pro-
tection without an increased force, and while a patrolman has his beat defined,
yet the numerous avenues of communication in such cities, which are usually
well lighted, permit liim to render service promptly in any adjoining locality.
As a rule, there are not more than 30 first-class patrolmen (Americans) regu-
larly detailed on the streets at one time. This, of course, excludes the reserves*
which are called out on special occasions.
The committee on organization made a report on the department to the Com-
mission, and it was recommended that the police force consist of not more than
500 men, including those detailed for insular service and to the bureau of health
for sanitary purposes; and that the number of Americans be reduced to 200
men and of Filipinos to 300, and finally, that the department be maintained at
an annual expenditure of not to exceed W00,000. Evidently an error was made
in that calculation, for, with the known salaries of the men actually employed
at the time this report was made, the maximum appropriation allowed was
not sufficient to retain 500 men. A margin of safety for emergencies must
always be allowed and the chief can not risk keeping the strength at the maxi-
mum of the appropriation, especially in the early months of the fiscal year.
As a matter of fact, since the beginning of this year the chief has employed
first-class police on an average as follows:
January 173
February 170
March 170
April 168
May 154
June 158
W^en the numbe/ of men sick, on vacation and accrued leave, and on duty
at the Ayuntamiento and Malacafian Palace is deducted from these totals it Is
clear why only so small a guard of Americans can be placed on the streets for
regular duty.
The strength of the second and third class police (Filipino) has been kept
up to 300, and these men are doing good work, when properly supervised by
officers and the first-class police. At times the Filipino police have been slightly
above this limit. Precincts 5 and 6 are in command of Captains Crame and
Usac, and the regular patrol work is done almost exclusively by second and
third class under the supervision of the first-class police.
The suppression of the police launch has greatly handicapped the work in
the bay, where the department is under heavy responsibilities by virture of the
city charter, in addition to the many calls for assistance made by bureaus and
officials of the insular government. The scheme of the committee on organiza-
tion is that all bureaus of the insular governments and municipal departments
be required to furnish transportation on their launches to police officers on duty
where such transportation would not interfere to any great extent with their
ordinary work, and that whenever necessary the police department be authorized
to rent a launch from the bureau of navigation. The bureaus possessing trans-
portation have extended courtesies to the police officers and secret-service men
detailed on bay work, but a great amount of time has been lost by these men
in waiting for transportation or being left for an unnecessary length of time
aboard ships, where their duties had required their presence for a few mo-
ments only, until they could pick up passage on some shore-bound launch. This
also serves to materially lessen the usefulness of the men by curtailing their
sphere of action and causing much loss of valuable time. The following tabu-
lated statement gives an idea of the amount of regular work which the depart-
ment is called upon to perform in the bay. In addition to the varying amount
of important special and secret service work :
Total number of ships arriving in the bay July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907— 522
Total number of ships departing during same period 513
Arriving ships not boarded per cent— 6
Departing ships not boarded do 25
When the police launch was in commission the agents of the department
missed only one-third of 1 per cent of the arriving ships and 3} per cent of the
departing ships.
BEPORT OF THE MUNICIPAL. BOABD. 611
As Manila is the hotbed of all political crime, and practically all the evil
which does not find its source in the islands is brought here through this port, it
is extremely necessary that all incoming Tessels should be visited by an agent of
the department. In the majority of cases, persons attempting to evade the law
or escape arrest seek to reach the China coast; moreover, government regula-
tions affecting numerous officials are such that they are not authorized to leave
the islands without having performed certain formalities and possessing pre-
scribed receipts, and the police department is relied upon to attend to these
matters.
In addition to the service for this department, the police launch was of ma-
terial assistance to the fire department on several occasions, by reason of the
equipment of fire pumps which it carries. During the last year two fires, one
of which was very disastrous and costly, might have been more quickly extin-
guished had the service of these fire pumps been available. The total annual
cost of maintaining the police launch is approximately n.4,000. There is very
little doubt that three or four times this amount could have been saved in the
Stevenson & Co. fire on the south bank of the Pasig River.
The bill of -the city against the insular government for approximately «80,000
for the actual cost of services rendered by the police department in special
details of patrolmen guarding insular buildings and the residences of some
commissioners is still in dispute, and it is to be hoped that this matter will at
last receive consideration from the Commission and that the city will obtain
the refund of this sum to which it feels it is entitled.
The cost of the maintenance of the department was as follows :
Salaries and wages ^44,d86.99
Contingent expenses 58,760.20
Whereas, the cost of the department in the preceding year was —
Salaries and wages W, 097, 536. 57
Contingent expenses -58,381.32
POLICE FUND.
Five thousand pesos were withdrawn from the current expense account and
placed on fixed deposit in the Chartered Bank of India on August 20, 1006. A
working balance of W78.16 was retained to meet emergencies. The receipts
for the year amounted to W12.21, and at the end of the fiscal year this fund
had to its credit r5,478.16.«
QBNBRAL OPBRATIONS.
During the year 11,337 arrests were made. Of the persons arrested 0,570
were males and 1,767 were females.*
COOPERATION WITH CONSTABULARY.
Cooperation with the Philippine constabulary and military authorities con-
tinues to be excellent, as in the past.
SECRET- SERVICE BUREAU.
The secret-sei^rice bureau recovered stolen money to the amount of ^,757.51,
and stolen property to the value of MS,777.03.
This bureau, by means of the BertiUon system, measured and photographed
1,100 persons and verified the measurements of 533 persons. The total number
of identifications of persons received three or more times was 275, and the
bureau idoitified and furnished the criminal records of 233 persons. Thus, the
grand total of persons handled in the original records office for the year is 2,231.
Since April 6, 1907, when Chief Trowbridge left the islands on accrued leave.
Detective Carl B. Hard has conducted the work under the direction of the chief
of police. The bureau Is well organized and Its work is efficient.
oA table showing changes in police force has been omitted and is on file in
the Bu]:eau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
* Tables showing nationality of those arrested and cause, health of police,
and disposition of property confiscated, found, and stolen, have been omitted
and are on file in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
612
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
LAW DEPABTMENT.
OFFICB OF THB CITT ATTOBNBT.
Seventeen thousand eight hundred and forty pesos were appropriated for
salaries of the personnel of this office, as against ^^,040 for the year ended
June 30, 1906. The economy effected, n^5,200, was due to the reduction of the
personnel to six Filipino employees in place of three American and seven Fili-
pinos. The efficiency of this office, exclusively under the cliarge of these six
Filipino employees, has not diminished, and is Judged to be equal to that of
former years.®
OFFICE OF THB PE08BCCTIN0 ATTOBNBT.
The sum of n4,000 was appropriated for the personnel of this office, as
against ^44,860 for the year ended June 30, 1906. The economy effected, n0,860,
was due to the reduction of the personnel of six American employees and five
Filipinos in place of seven American and seven Filipinos. Notwithstanding this
reduction, the efficiency of this office has not decreased, as can be seen from the
following table:
Nature of work performed.
InyestlffBtlonB made
Oaeea in court of first Instance.
Cases in municipal court
Total of cases filed
1905-«.
I
190e~7.
4,819
480
»,ia
8,602
3,238
1,900
It appears that during the year ended June 30. 1906, 3,122 complaints were
filed before the municipal court, while during the year ended June 30, 1907,
there were only 679. This difference is aprmrent because all of the complaints
filed before the municipal court were included In the former figure, while the
latter represents only the number of complaints filed before said court which
were prepared in the office of the prosecuting attorney.
OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL COUBT.
Fifteen thousand two hundred and forty pesos were appropriated for salaries
of the personnel of this office, as against ^0,520 during the year ended June
30, 1906. The economy realized, M,280, was due to the reduction of the per-
sonnel of one American employee and five Filipinos in place of two American
and five Filipinos. The work performed by this office was as follows :
Cases during the years 1905-6 and 1906-1.
Disposition.
1905-6.
7,130
11,122
9.415
1,707
1006-7.
Decreaoe.
Complaints filed
6,906
10,064
8.410
1.674
0M
Defendants tried—
1.08S
Males tried
1,005
Females tried „,.. . , -. » ^
33
OFFICE OP THE RE(iI.STER OP DEEDM.
The sum of W,S20 was appropriated for the personnel of this office, as
against n,900 for the year ended June 30. 190f>. Notwithstanding the creation
of two additional clerical positions, which were necessary for the proi^er opera*
tion of the office, an economy of ^80 was realized by the abolition of the posi-
tion of assistant register. No complaint whatever has been received this year,
in spite of the increase of work in the office, which is charged with the keeping
of the registration of mortgages of personal proi>erty in accordance with act
No. 1508, which went into effect in August of 1906.
<> Tables showing work performed have been omitted and are on file in the
Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
REPOBT OP THE MUNICIPAL BOABD. 618
The work perfonned by this office daring this year, as compared with that
of the previous year, was : «
There is not a person at present designated by law who could temporarily
take the place of the register of deeds in case of illness, absence on leave, or
for any other reason by which he is unable to attend to his duties, which con-
dition requires an amendment to section 10 of act No. 496, so as to provide for
this matter. The examiner of titles for the city of Manila, to which position
section 12 of act No. 496 refers, is the person called upon to take the place
of the register of deeds in such cases. This official, who has his office in that
of the register, and whose functions are quite analogous, would be able to take
the place of the register of deeds in necessary cases and the latter, likewise, take
the place of the examiner of titles in similar cases. In this way provision
would be made enabling both officials to enjoy a recognized right which other
government employees are enjoying, providing at the same time that said offices
be always under the direction of a competent person.
OFFICB OF THE JUSTICE OF THB PEACE.
The sum of K,420 was appropriated for the personnel of this office, as against
^5,680 for the year previous. The economy realized, P2,260, was due to the
reduction of the personnel from six to three Filipino employees, which was
accomplished by the consolidation in one of the two courts which formerly
existed. This consolidation has not affected the efficiency of this office.
Act No. 1627, which went into effect July 1, 1907 (sec. 19 and subsequent
sections), imposes new duties upon justices of the peace. In consideration of
this increase of work, an increase of 1P600, from K,400 to W,000, per annum
in the salary of the justice of the. peace in recommended. It is further recom-
mended that an additional clerk, Glass K, at ^00 per annum, be added to the
two at present — one of Class H, at ^20, and one of Class K, at WOO, per annum,
respectively.
It is also recommended that section 7 of act No. 1627, in so far as enjoyment
of leave of absence is concerned, be amended, because it seems just that the en-
joyment of this right by the justice of the peace be put on the same basis as that
of other government employees, instead of requiring him to pay out of his salary
the auxiliary justfce of the peace for the work performed by the latter during
the former's absence.
OFFICE OF THE SHERIFF.
The sum of W0,160 was appropriated for salaries of the personnel of this
office, as against f^0,810 for the previous year. The economy realized, W0,650,
was due to the reduction gf the personnel from 3 American and 19 Filipino to
1 American and 14 Filipino employees.
The efficiency of the work of this office, notwithstanding the reduction of
personnel, has not diminished.
In support of the statement as to the efficiency with which this office has been
operated, attention is invited to the fact that the fees collected during the year
ended June 30, 1906, amounted to n3,689.36, while those for the fiscal year
1907 have amounted to W6,752.65, an Increase of K,063.29.
It is recommended that the increase of M,000 in the salary of the sheriff, as
provided for in the appropriation bill for the fiscal year just ended, be raised
to ^2,000 in the estimates for the current year"*
Recapitulation, — During the year ended June 30, 1906, the personnel was com-
posed of 15 Americans and 52 Filipinos with an appropriation of W30,810 for
salaries, and during the year ended June 30, 1907, the personnel was reduced
to 8 Americans and 42 Filipinos with an appropriation of W0,480, a total saving
of 1M0,330, or 32 per cent.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
The personnel of the fire department, including the officers, consisted of 141
men, which is a decrease of five men from the strength of the department in the
preceding year. The apparatus has been maintained in first-class condition, but
there has been no increase of the equipment, and the department is housed in
the seven stations as heretofore. The total cost of the maintenance of the fire
*» Omitted and filed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
* Tables showing work performed have been omitted and are on file in the
Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
614 BBPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
service of the city, Including the office of the city electrician, was ^279,296.64.
The available appropriation for this period was «90,000, leaving an unex-
pended balance, in favor of the department, of W0,763^.
The department has steadily increased in capacity and efficiency without
causing additional expense, but, on the contrary, a very material reduction has
been accomplished, as will be seen in the following table :
Fiscal year.
1906-.
1908.
1907-,
Api>roprla-
tlOOB.
297,450.00
2(X>.00O.0O
Ezpendltorefl.
^^8.196.88
2M.8O9.0S
279,836.64
The figures for 1905 are much higher than the others, chiefly on account of
the purchase of equipment. It is probable that there will be a small increase
in the appropriations for the fiscal year 1908 over those of 1907, for the reason
that practically nothing was added to the equipment in the preceding year, and
as most of the apparatus and hose have been In the service from three to six
years, and the alarm system almost the same period, some renewals are nec^
essary.
CHANGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
The personnel of the department for the coming year will consist of the fol- *
lowing : One chief, 1 city electrician, 1 deputy chief, 1 chief engineer, 1 mechanic,
6 linemen, 8 captains, 13 lieutenants, 5 first-class engineers, 9 second-class en-
gineers, 46 first-class firemen, and 50 second-class firemen.
The change proposed by the board and authorized In the last appropriation
bill, whereby the unsatisfactory consolidation of the offices of the city elec-
trician and deputy chief was eliminated and the old grade of deputy chief re-
stored, has resulted In a marked improvement.
FIBB PBOTBCTION ON BITBB AND BAT.
The department has had another experience in fighting fire in Manila Bay,
on the United States army transport Thomas, In October, 1906. The military
authorities requested municipal assistance, and the best that could be done was
to place engine company No. 1 on a barge, furnished by the quartermaster's
department and tow It around the water front to the burning vessel. The time
consumed by this procedure was over an hour and the delay permitted the fire
to gain great headway, despite the strongest eflforts of the crew of the Thomas,
The river and bay shipping and property adjoining Is In a more unfortunate
position as regards proper protection than ever before, because the danger has
been Increased during the year by the additional doclslng facilities, which
bring more vessels close together, and the erection of new buildings and ware-
houses.- The remarks on this subject In the last annual report of the depart-
ment apply with equal, if not more, force at the present time, and are therefore
repeated :
In the plan of the organization committee of the Insular government concern-
ing the police department of the city of Manila, which plan was approved by the
Commission, no provision has been made for the retention In the service of the
police launch Buckey O'Neill, which Is fitted with fire pumps, and on June 20,
1906, the crew was discharged and the launch went out of commission. If it is
restored to service In some bureau of the Insular government It will be outside
the Jurisdiction of the city and Its value for fire-fighting purposes will be ap-
proximately the same as the launches of the bureau of navigation. This reduces
the city's equlpm^it for marine fire service to the pumps on the sanitary barge
Pluto, As this barge makes dally trips to the dumping grounds at least 10 miles
down the bay. It will not be available for several hours each day. With these
statements there is obviously no need for a further explanation of the fact that
the river and bay shipping, and much of the water-front property, are deprived
of any adequate fire protection ; and It Is recommended that provision be made
for more convenient use of and greater Jurisdiction over the launches which are
fitted with fire pumps. The services of the police launch, when fighting fire
under the direction of the fire department, have been valuable.
Contracts have been awarded for the construction of wharves and warehouses
for the quartermaster's department of the army and for the civil government,
BBPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOABD. 615
and with the improTement of the reclaimed area and the attraction of offices and
warehouseB to the site of the new harbor south of the river, the demand for
marine fire protection will naturally be much increased. Shipping will be more
centralized and the lighterage and storage of cargo will occupy a more restricted
area. In addition to the increase in the equipment of the department designed
to protect this important section against fires in the harbor, special attention
should be paid to the extension of the system of hydrants which will be Installed
on the reclaimed area.
The traffic in the bay and the river is very heavy, and Chief Dingman again
recommends that provision be made for the control of the services of a suitable
fire boat or a boat equipped with fire pumps.
In March of this year a fire was discovered in the bodegas of Stevenson ft
Ck>., on the south bank of the Pasig River near the Ayala Bridge. While the
property fronts on the river, furnishing a most ideal water supply for a fire
launch, the department, through lack of such facility, was obliged to fight this
most stubborn and baffling conflagration from one side only. The hydrants are
located on Calle Ck)ncepci6n, and as the bodegas are in the deep Interior, water
was thrown on the blazing hemp and the vast amount of inflammable stores
only after being pumped through long lines of hose. The damage to building
is estimated at f130,000 and to contents ?Q70,000. Much of this loss would have
been avoided if the department had had the service of a launch equipped with
strong fire pumps.
INCEflASBD EQUIPMENT AND PBB80NNBL.
Owing to the steady growth of the city, the increased number of buildings
constructed of imported woods not semiflre resisting as are the best of native
woods, and the very material expansion of the residence districts made accessi-
ble by the street-railway system, the present department is not sufficiently
large, nor is It properly equipped to give the best protection against fire. But
after careful consideration of the revenues and the imperative needs of the
various branches of the city government, it is not felt advisable to Increase the
cost of this department at the present time, unless it be In the direction ol
supplying some protection to shipping on the river and bay and the war€diouses
and other improvements erected on the adjoining land.
SELF-PROPELLED APPARATUS.
Careful study has been made of the advisability of purchasing self-propelled
fire apparatus and. it has been decided to not recommend the acquisition of such
equipment at the present time. It is not believed that the manufacture of
automobile fire apparatus has reached a stage that can be described as entirely
satisfactory and the high initial cost (more than twice that of the ordinary
horse-drawn apparatus) and the distance from the centers of supply and repair,
requiring either the outlay of considerable additional money in spare parts or
long delays in delivery of the same, make it advisable to wait at least another
year. Moreover, according to the catalogues and the most complete informa-
tion which has been available, self-propelled engines are made only in sizes
larger than those with which this department Is equipped and really too large
for the local service. Careful comparisons have been made of the present cost
of the buggy and horse transportation of the chief of the fire department and
the probable cost of maintaining a small but strong automobile runabout for
this same purpose, and It Is believed that economy and also Increased efficiency
could be obtained by making this addition to the department's equipment.
PROPOSED STATIONS.
The fire chief again recommends the establishment of new stations for the
better protection of Santa Mesa, where It is proposed to place an engine com-
pany; for Santa Ana, where it is proposed to place a chemical company; and
for Malate, where many new buildings are being constructed, a small-sized
combination truck and chemical, which would improve the situation materially.
The addition of an engine would satisfy the present desires of the department.
STATION BUILDINGS.
All the buildings of the department are In reasonably good condition with the
exception of those occupied by engine companies Nos. 3, 4, and 6. Paco sta-
tion (No. 3) has been In a leaky condition for the last year and being a one-
616 REPOBT OP THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Btory building, which has been gradnally extended by the erection of temporaiy
sheds of imported lumber, is not at all satisfactory. Plans for converting the
original permanent building of stone into a two-story edifice have been ap-
proved by the board, and the remodeling and reconstruction have been com-
menced. It is estimated that by the end of October the department will have a
modern and thoroughly equipped station ready for occupancy. The work is
being done by the department of engineering and public works, for the reason
that the bids received were considered too high. The total cost is estimated at
^6,000.
Station No. 6 was constructed of imported lumber (not comparable to the
more expensive product of the country) owing to an urgent demand for fire
protection and the small available appropriation. A ceiling should be Installed,
as the dormitory on the second floor, covered only by galvanissed iron, is often
excessively hot and disturbs the sleep of the men, despite every protection in
the way of thorough ventilation.
The estimates of appropriation for the fiscal year 1908 contain an Item of
M,600 for the purchase of hose. There should be at least two changes of hose
for each station, and at present the 7 engine companies carry 8,000 feet of 21
inch on their hose wagons and 8,000 feet in reserve. Of this total of 16,000 feet
in the service of the department about 1,000 feet are in an unserviceable condi-
tion and about 1,000 are approaching that condition. The greater part of the
hose has been in the deimrtment since 1902-^, hence the necessity of acquiring
a new supply.
OBNERAL OPBBATION.
The department responded to 118 alarms of fire, which is a decrease of six
over the preceding year, and In nearly all cases the fire-alarm system gave
perfect satisfaction. Unfortunately, the total loss due to fire was larger than
any, other year since 1903, as Is shown by the following table:
1903 - M, 670, 650
1904 468.911
1905 135,921
1906 76,192
1907 677,709
The loss was divided as follows: Buildings, ^165,262; contents, «>12,447.
The great Increase was due to four unusually disastrous fires, namely : Ste-
venson & Co., bodega, Calle Concepcl6n, March 27, 1907, estimated loss fN20,000;
nipa district, Paco, April 20, approximately 240 more or less small houses,
^98,745; nipa district, Calle Rivera, March 31, 72 more or less small houses,
n0,350 ; nipa district, Calle Cervantes, March 30, 33 more or less small houses
and one strong-material building, P9,025.
It Is probable that the losses in the nipa district have been overestimated by
the police and fire departments, as most of the information was gathered from
house owners, who have very little Idea of the real value of their light-material
houses and contents. In many cases heavy losses attributed to the destruction
of contents were reported by the occupants, when it has been conclusively
proven that practically every stick of furniture and other movable articles had
been carried to safe places In the early stages of the fire. Two fires occurred In
Mandolayan, an outlying barrio across the Paslg River opposite Santa Ana,
which could not be reached by the department. The distillery of Macke, Chan-
dler & Co. was totally destroyed at an estimated loss of ^40,000.
INSPECTIONS.
The usual Inspections of the various districts have been performed by the
proper officers of each station, and the fire hydrants have been inspected eacft
month and tested by oi^ening the plugs and fiushlng out the Talve&
All powder and high explosives are stored in the San Juan magazine as here-
tofore, and the regulations governing transportation of such materials have
been carefully observed. There were six convictions for violation of ordinance
No. 47 and three convictions for the storing of kerosene without the proper
I>ermlt. Up to April 1, 1907, there were no fees charged for license for the
storage of combustibles and explosives, but since that date, when ordinance No,
93 became efl'ectlve, 577 licenses have been Issued uiwn the payment of the
proper fees.
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOABD. 617
ELBCTRICAL BRANCH.
The decay of several of the poles of the police and fire-alarm system has
required the substitution of new ones in many parts of the city. Much worlc
has been accomplished in constructing aerial lines and overhauling a large num-
ber of the alarm boxes, gongs, etc. Boxes Nos. 712 and 713 were Installed
at the custom-house to replace the auxiliary system, which was found to be de-
fective and unreliable. For the same reasons the auxiliary box in the bureau
of science was disconnected. Fifty-two alarms of fire were transmitted over
the system in a prompt and satisfactory manner. The police system has been
operating on a five-minute day-and-night schedule with entire satisfaction.
The general reconstruction of electrical Installations throughout the city, due
to the change from 110 volts to 220 volts In the commercial secondary feeder
mains of the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company, has been completed.
Approximately 1,200 telephones have been installed by the Philippine Islands
Telephone and Telegraph Company. Many of the city poles are used by this
company under definite contract of rental. This growth and Improvement In
the electrical construction has materially added to the regular work of this
oflice. The ordinances have been strictly enforced and minute attention has
been given to details of construction.
There were issued from the office 2,758 permits for electrical Installation and
2,C83 certificates of inspection. The actual number of inspections made was
5,307. Total Inspection fees amounted to M,607.15, a reduction of 1P2.260.30
from the last fiscal year. An arrangement by which electrical contractors may
give bond and pay monthly the fee for electrical inspections at the office of the
city assessor and collector, instead of requiring payment for each individual
certificate, which has been of much convenience to them, has been put in force.
On the recommendation of the city electrician several changes have been made
In the police-alarm apparatus, the principal one of which is the substitution of
wet for dry batteries In all police boxes, and It Is estimated that this change
will result in an annual saving of approximately ^500. The boxes as changed
are giving entire satisfaction.
BBFOBU or PUBLIC LIOHTINO BTSTBM.
The general plan for the reform of the public' lighting system, which was
presented in 1006 by the committee on electrical Installation and illumination,
has been perfected in nearly all Its details, so that now the department has plans
of each district of the city on a larger scale, and outlining the Improvements
which are to be made from time to time as the available appropriations will
permit. The estimate of appropriation for 1908 contains an Increase of ^,000
over the expenditures of the previous year, for necessary additions to the light-
ing service, and If this sum be allowed by the Commission a very material Im-
provement can be made In some of the markets and In the street lighting, espe-
cially in those new districts which have been built up and represent the invest-
ment of a large amount of money In modem houses, and also In the districts
of Pandacan and Santa Ana, which are far removed from the centers of popula-
tion, being cut off by large areas of agricultural land, unsuitable in its present
condition for residential purposes.
An arrangement was made with the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Com-
pany, In March, 1907, by virtue of which the city secures the benefit of the
modern inclosed arc lamps. In place of the old arcs and Incandescent lights sup-
pi leil by I^ Electriclsta. For some years the districts of Intramuros, San
Nicolas, Quiapo, BInondo, Santa Cruz, and San Miguel have been lighted chiefiy
by Incandescent lamps, and as these districts include several Important centers
of iK)pulatlon the substitution of the inclosed arc will constitute a great Improve-
ment. Special ornamental fixtures bearing the new style arc were installed on
the Luneta In the month of January, and they are giving entire satisfaction.
The substitution for the Incandescent lamps and the open arc of the new In-
closed arc will effect all the improvements anticipated and permit an addition
of about eleven new lights, without causing any Increase in expense.
The electric line connecting Manila with Fort William McKInley, under a
franchise granted on January 30, 1906, has been completed between those two
IK)ints. Operation was begun April IS, 1907, and the cars are being run under a
twenty-minute service. The line is being extended to Pasig.
618 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
DEPABTMENT OF ASSESSMENTS AND COLLECTIONS.
REAL-BSTATB TAX.
The real-estate tax is the city's most important source of revenue.
Efforts have been made by some of the largest holders of real estate to secure
a reduction of the tax rate, which Is now only 1^ per cent. Such requests have
usually been based upon the claim that real estate in Manila has been assessed
too high. These assertions, however, appear to be unfounded: (1) BecauSie of
the fact that of the 15,780 parcels of property in Manila subject to taxation ap-
peals were taken on only 298, of which in the case of only 34 were reductions
made by the board of tax appeals; (2) that in the case of the five appeals so
far taken and considered by the board of central equalization under the pro-
visions of act No. 1474 of the Philippine Commission, none has been reduced, the
central equalization board in every case confirming the valuation placed upon
the property by the city assessor and collector; and (3) because of information
gathered by him as to rentals received for several thousands parcels of property
in all parts of the city, which shows that, based upon the present assessed valu-
ations, the average rental received is over 17 per cent per annum. Inasmudi
as there are no special assessments levied against Manila property, as is done
in nearly all the cities of the United States, a tax of 1^ or over 2 per cent does
not seem excessive.
The total value of taxable real estate in the city of Manila, as shown by the
1907 tax rolls, is ^81,689,786. This is an increase of W,164,550 over the valua-
tion for 1906, due to new buildings erected and additions made to the tax rolls of
some small properties that had heretofore escaped taxation.
Manila probably has a larger list of exempt property than any city of its size
in the United States. Of a total assessment of ^27,887,366 of real estate in
the city, W6,197,581, over 36 per cent, is exempt from taxation by reason of its
being used for religious, charitable, scientific, or educational purposes and not
held for profit; or because of its belonging to some branch of the government.
The exempt property may be classified as to ownership as follows: Insular
government, «5,522,165; United States Army, ^,347,688; city of Manila,
f^,745,504; government ownership but branch not determined, 1^,149,356;
Catholic churches, W,607,849; Protestant churches, «22,386; religious orders,
M,437,763; miscellaneous, f^,870.
There has been a gradual decline from year to year In the value of new build-
ings erected in the city. During the calendar year 1903 there were erected
buildings to the value of P3,784,320; 1904, W,489,846; 1905, K,682,606; 1906,
W,594,506. Apparently capital is being diverted to commercial undertakings,
etc., although real estate with even ordinary improvements continues to be a
good Investment, poying in rentals from 12 to 22 per cent.
Excellent results have been obtained by the city assessor and collector In the
collection of both delinquent and current >taxes. Three tax sales were held
during the year, for which 340 pieces of property were advertised, of which 118
were sold, the rest being redeemed after advertisement and before sale. Ten
parcels were forfeited to the city, there being no bidders. No property was
offered for sale unless the tax on same was delinquent for two years or more.
Taxes on the majority of the property sold were delinquent for periods ranging
from three to five years. The owners of the properties sold have one year from
the date of the sale in which to redeem, and, Judging from past experience, it
is safe to assume that nearly all of It will be redeemed. Eighteen of the prop-
erties sold during the year have already been redeemed.
In February, 1907, authority was given for the cancellation of delinquent
taxes to the amount ^8,188.68, which represented taxes due on small houses
for the years 1901 to 1905, inclusive. The houses having been destroyed, and
the owners not owning the land on which they had formerly been located, there
was no means of making these collections.
BEPOBT OF THE MTTNICIPAL BOARD.
619
The following comparative statement shows the amount of delinquent taxes
outstanding on June 30, 1906 and 1907 :
For the year—
OnJuneao-
1906.
190r.
1901
i903iiiiiiiiiiiiizriiiriiiziiiiiiiiiriiiri"ririririirri"~ririirrrrirrri"rrirr
1904 _
T" 410.02
2.367.64
6.646.60
20.034.29
64.356.35
ri5.86
115.02
207.16
1,076.86
1905 __
1906 . _ . .
8.577.84
53,658 53
"^^'•^
92.814.90
58.650.77
From the above it will be seen that on June 30, 1907, the amount of delinquent
tax was K4,164. 13 less than on June 30, 1906.
MATADBBO.
As predicted in the last annual report, the collections at the matadero have
increased, although slightly, as compared with the fiscal year 1906. The fol-
lowing statement shows the number of animals slaughtered and removed for
consumption, the weight of dressed meat, and the fees collected at the rate of
3 centavos per kilo on dressed meat :
Animal.
OattleL
Hoga
Sbeep «
Total
Number.
20,686
55,285
224
Weight
(kilos).
2.668,144
2,828,735
1.872
Collec-
tlonB.
^80.044.82
84,862.05
56.16
164,962.53
There were condemned and cremated 22 head of cattle and 306 hogs, beside
a large number of parts of carcasses, the same having been declared unfit for
human consumption by the veterinary inspectors on duty at the matadero.
The number of diseased hogs that are slaughtered seems to be on the Increase.
Of the 306 condemned during the year, 253 were condemned during the last six
months, and 67 of these were condemned during the month of June.
As shown above, there were slaughtered and removed from the matadero for
consumption 76,145 animals, weighing dressed, 5,498,751 kilos, as compared with
71,792 animals, weighing, dressed, 5,334,975 kilos during the fiscal year 1906.
PUBLIC MARKETS.
The number and location of the city markets remained unchanged.
The total market collections for the year amounted to 1^238,711.46 (W57.05,
representing collections for June 29 and 30, were not deposited in time to
take credit on statement of total collections), as compared with ^269,430.88
during the fiscal year 1906, resulting in a loss as compared with that year
of ^30,719.42. Of this loss W,531.35 was due to the fact that collections of
market fees to that amount were made at the various bay, river, and estero
landings during a little over six months of the fiscal year 1906, whereas none
whatever were made during the fiscal year 1907, the same having been dis-
continued on January 8, 1906.
The expenses incident to the making of market collections were W8,106.34,
or a saving as compared with the expenses for 1906 of K,407.56. The expenses
represent a fraction over 7i per cent of the collections, or about the same as
for the year 1906.
The administration of the Quinta market was transferred to the department
of sanitation and transportation on June 15, 1907.
The change promises to be most satisfactory and will probably lead to a
similar transfer of other markets, if not all of them, in the near future.
The market collections should show a material increase during the year
1908, due (1) to the increased stall rentals In effect in Quinta market, which
became effective June 15, and (2) to the restrictions regarding the sale of
various articles of market produce outside the public markets, as orovided by
ordinance No. 93.
620
BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE C0MMIS6I0K.
Statement showing the collections of each market during the fiscal year 1907.
Name of market.
Total six
monthB end-
ing Dec. 31.
1906.
Total six
monttis end-
ing June 30.
1907.
Total flscal
year ending
June 30.
1907.
Dlvtaorla
Qulnta
Arranque „ __
Sampaloc.
Herran
r60.242.21
26.506.95
12.?91.85
4,387.45
5.397.55
665.95
690.15
492.80
542.10
n7.853.10
80.830.10
12.365.50
4.222.05
5.783.35
621.55
7.56.30
601.25
002.25
n31,895.Sl
57.337.05
24.757.35
8.559.50
11.180.90
Anda
Santa Ana _
Gagalangfn
Pandacan _
1.287.30
1.455.45
l.OOi.05
1.144.35
Total
111.276.01
127.435.45
238,711.46
MUNICIPAL LICENSES.
From July 1, 3906, to and including March 31, 1907, the only occupations,
trades, professions, and objects subject to the payment of municipal license
taxes were: Peddlers (excepting those who sell only native vegetables, fruits,
or foods personally carried by themselves), auctioneers, plumbers, hotels, res-
taurants, boarding houses, lodging houses, livery stables, race tracks, public
vehicles, and dogs. These license taxes were imposed by the provisions of city
ordinance No. 9.
On February 11, 1907, ordinance No. 93 was enacted, which repealed ordi-
nance No. 9, and became effective on April 1, 1907. By the passage of said
ordinance the following occupations, trades, professions, and objects were made
subject to the payment of license taxes and permit fees, in addition to the shove
mentioned: Advertising agents, barbers, billiard and pool tables, boarding
stables, bowling alleys, clubs, dance halls, detective agencies, embalmers, estab-
lishments for the storage of highly combustible or explosive materials, ferries,
manufacture and sale of food and drink, fortune tellers, jugglers and acrobats,
laundries and dyeing and cleaning establishments, mercantile and collecting
agencies, merry-go-rounds, offensive or dangerous trades, parades, pawnbrokers,
second-hand dealers and keepers of junk shops, shipping and intelligence offices,
shooting galleries, slot machines, tnttooers, theaters, and public warehouses.
As a whole, the license fees are low, the primary object of the ordinance being
the regulation and control of the various trades and occupations.
LIQUOR LICENSES.
The following statement shows the number of each class, of liquor license in
force in the city of Manila on June 30, 1907, and also the total number of each
class in force on June 30, 1906 :
Liquor licenses in force June 30, 1906 and 1907.
Olaga of licenae.
First-olRgs bar
Second-class bar
First-el ass restaurant liquor
Second-class restaurant liquor..
Plrst-class hotel liquor
Second-class hotel liquor
Theaters
First-class wholesale litiuor
Second-cla.ss wholesale liquor
Third-class wholesale Hquor
Grocery liquor _
Distillers
Brewers
Druggists -
Native wine —
TotaL-
June 30.
June SO.
1907.
1906.
87
46
87
43
15
18
11
It
2
2
1
8
88
»
4
8
4
3
73
n
8
8
1
1
4
8
i.sig
1,800
1,564
1,558
BBPOBT OP THE MUNICIPAL BOABD.
621
The above does not Include 10 clubs which pay municipal club business
licenses and internal-revenue taxes on the sale of liquors to their members.
PUBLIC VEHICLE LICENSES.
The number of licensed vehicles on June *'^, 1907, was 3,005. Due no doubt
to the competition of the street railway, the class of vehicles used as public
rigs has greatly improved.
* DOO LICENSES.
There were 1,338 dog licenses issued, 51 of which have been canceled, leaving
1,287 in effect on June 30, 1907.
PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT AND PEDDLEBS' LICENSES.
Two forms of public entertainments subject to municipal license tax are race
tracks (f^OO i)er annum and 1*10 daily additional for each race meeting) and
dance halls, which pay a license tax of f»3 for each night when dances are held.
From race tracks there was collected ^570. There is only one race track in
the city.
The increased rate for peddlers' licenses from f^ to M per quarter became
effective on April 1. There were issued 1,984 licenses at K per quarter, 661
licenses at K per quarter, and 11 duplicates at W.50 each.
BECAPITULATION.
The collections on municipal licenses compared with those for the year ended
June 30, 1906, follows:
Clasa of license.
1906.
Increase. Decrease.
Liquors - ri84,278.64
Busineu - 6,770.57
Entertainments and ijeddlers __ 8,392.50
Vehicles - - 13,621.10
DOKS-. - - 4,826.50
Bicycles - -- - 68.&>
Total - - 217.958.16
r-163,178.50 21.100.14
25,085.59 I 1*18,315.02 I
348.00 i
807.60 '. _.
500.61 _...
I 68.S->
8,740.50 '
14.518.70 1
5.327.11
216,850.40 ;
20,061.23 21.168.99
Net decrease, W,107.76.
BEG I STRATI ON OF LIVE STOCK.
In the last annual report comment was made regarding the small fees pro-
vided by existing law for the registration and transfer of ownership of cattle
in Manila, and of the impracticability of requiring proof of ownership as is
done throughout the provinces under the provisions of act No. 1147. It was then
recommended that the provisions of act No. 1147 be made applicable to the city
of Manila.
During the year 2,484 animals have been registered, at a foe of W.20 each,
and 2,746 transfers of ownership have been recorded, at a fee of f^.lO each,
making a total collection of P771.40, as against ^85.80 for the year 1906.
BEXTALS OF CITY PROPEBTY.
There has been collected as rentals for the use of the various parcels of city
property the sum of ?10,050.32, as compared with ?18,730.29 during the fiscal
year 1906, or an increase of «,220.03.
PAIL CONSERVANCY SYSTEM, WATER RENTS, BUILDING PERMITS, BOILER INSPECTION, AND
VAULT CLEANING.
These charges are collected by the city assessor and collector upon assessment
rolls and orders of payment prepared and Isued by the department of engineer-
ing and public works and the department of sanitation and transportation.
The receipts from these sources during the year were as follows :
Pail system ^48, 508. 26
Vault cleaning ao, 199. 00
Building permits 15,314.47
Water rents 221, 187. 98
Boiler-Inspection fees 1, 212. 00
622 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
Of the abOTe collections, losses are shown as compared with the fiscal year 1906
collections on account of the pail system of n0318.90, and in building per-
mits of 72,644.43, while increases are shown as compared with the fiscal year
1906 in vault cleaning TC07.15, water rents n0,449.29, and boiler-inspection
fees n42. The principal loss as compared with 1006 was that under the head-
ing of pail system, and was partly due to the interbureau voucher system,
which was established during the year 1907, by which cash collections from
government bureaus for the use of the pail system have been abolished. This
item alone accounts for nearly M,000 of the sh6rtage above shown.
FBKS, FINES, COSTS.
Costs, fines, fees, etc., were collected or received under the provisions of sec-
tion 61 of the Manila charter from the several officials charged with their col-
lection. The amounts so received were as follows:
Municipal court collections ' M3,331.43
Sheriff's fees 16, 752. 65
Justice of peace fines and fees 5,968.57
Pound receipts 4, 065. 14
City electrician's fees 5,495.75
Cementerio del Norte 10,996.50
Secretary of municipal board fees 43.50
Public health fees 13, 764. 60
Total 110, 418. 14
Of these items the following shows an increase as compared with the collec-
tions for the fiscal yea> 1906 : Sheriff's fees, ^,063.29.
The following show losses as indicated : '
Municipal court collections— 715,169.34
City attorney's fees 192.26
Justice of peace fines and fees 789.33
Pound receipts 11. 86
City electrician's fees 2,372.95
Cementerio del Norte 2,428.50
Secretary of municipal board, fees 25.50
Public health fees ^ 1, 283. 40
Total 22, 273. 23
Net decrease 19,209.94
INTBBNAL-BBVBNUE DIVIDENDS.
The sources of revenue are:
(1) The entire collections from the sale of cedulas in the city.
(2) The entire receipts for internal-revenue licenses issued for the main-
tenance in Manila of theaters, museums, concert halls, pawnbrokers, circuses,
and billiard rooms.
(3) Manila's share in proportion to its population of the 25 per cent of the
revenue apportioned under the provisions of the internal-revenue law for use
of provincial and municipal government?.
(4) The entire receipts from the sale of certificates to habitual users of
opium in Manila.
(5) The entire receipts collected as fees for the testing and sealing of
weights and measures in Manila.
The last two items did not constitute part of the revenues during the fiscal
year 1906. The opium law (act No. 1461) became effective April 1, 1906, but
a8 the revenues thereunder are i)aid only quarterly by the insular auditor,
nothing was received from the sale of opium certificates until after the expira-
tion of the fiscal year 1006. The weights and measures law did not become
effective until January 1, 1907; and owing to the fact that the metric stand-
ards, sealers, and other paraphernalia were not secured in time, the enforce-
ment of the law only began in Manila in March, 1907.
The internal-revenue receipts were unusually large this year, owing to the
fact that five quarterly payments have been made by the auditor, one due for
1906 being delayed and not received until after the close of that fiscal year.
o A table showing miscellaneous collections has been omitted and is on file in
the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department.
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOAKD. 628
The following is an itemized statement of the revenue from this source —
Manila's share of the 25 per cent of the revenues accruing to the
provincial and municipal governments according to population— Wl, 838. 01
Cedulas 113, 578. 00
License taxes enumerated above 10,437.50
Opium certificates 26, 485. 00
Weights and measures 1,097.05
Total 213, 435. 56
which, compared with f74,876.93 for the fiscal year 1906, shows an increase of
W38,568.63.
t
MANILA BLBCTBIC BAILBQAD AND LIGHT COMPANT FBANCHISB TAX.
By the provisions of its charter the Manila Electric Railroad and Light
Ck)mpany pays to the city of Manila 21 per cent of its gross earnings from
fares collected, tickets sold, and electric light and power sold. In consideration
of the payment of this franchise tax the company is exempted from the pay-
ment of all other taxes except the real-estate tax. The sum of F40,851.54 was
collected, as compared with ^28,662.85 during the fiscal year 1Q06.
TOTAL COLLECTIONS.
The total collections of city taxes, fees, charges, etc., amounted to ^2,668,-
033.10 <», as compared with K,465,780.40 for the fiscal year 1906, an increase of
W02,252.70.
BXPBNSBS.
The actual net expenses to the city of Manila for the collection of its taxes
and other revenues collected by the department of assessments and collections
were as follows :
Salaries and wages M2,000
Ck)ntingent expenses 18, 000
Ty)tal 100,000
which represents a fraction over 3.7 per cent of the total collections.
PUBLIC HABKETS.
Several sellers of dried fish in the Divisoria market having complained that
the market inspector had shown marked partiality in the assignment of stands,
and the municipal board having considered that though the present claim did
not have any foundation at all it would be convenient to avoid similar claims
in the future, the following resolution was passed on July 11, 1906 :
** Resolved, That the city assessor and collector be hereby authorized and
directed to sell at public auction on the afternoon of Saturday, the 14th instant,
at an hour to be fixed by him, the privilege of occupying these new fixed stalls,
with the understanding that the money bid and paid for this privilege is to be
considered as a premium, to be paid once only, and in addition to the regular
tariff rates now fixed or hereafter to be fixed by the board: And provided
further, That this privilege shall not be transferable, and that if any of these
stalls are vacated by those who have under this scheme acquired the right of
first occupancy, the first applicant for same shall be given the privilege of
renting."
Having noticed the satisfaction given by the good result of this measure, not
only by the high prices obtained from the stands already sold, but also in the
subsiding of the persons who presented the claims, the municipal board resolved,
on the 19th of the same month, to repeat the same experiment with other vacant
atands of the same market, under the same conditions. Besides, upon a motion
of the market committee, it was resolved to modify the actual tariff of the said
"^7,778.80 withheld by insular auditor for payment of accounts due the insu-
lar government is included in this amount
624 REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
market, adopting In it the same system which was followed in the Arranque and
Sampaloc markets, and this received the general approval of the venders and
retailers patronizing it
Although the second sale did not give as good result as the first one, it was
resolved, on the 14th of August, to follow the same policy with the remainder
of the stands of Section A, which were to be sold the 18th of the same month
under the same conditions. It was intended by this measure to obtain a com-
plete reform without having the general commotion which such a reform always
produces.
Nobody attended the sale, and as a protest against it, and also against the
new tariffs and method of assignment of stands, a few of the sellers and re-
tailers favored by the previous system declared a strike, and in two days,
having terrorized the rest to side with them, the strike became general on the
20th of that month.
The strikers asked for the abolition of the system of sales in the assignment
of stands and that the previous system of tariffs in force during the Spanish
regime should be put in force again. The old system had established three
kinds of stands, to wit :
(a) The so-called " fixed stands " (fijos), on which the rent was paid weekly.
(b) The so-called "changeable stands" (volantes), which did not have any
numeration nor a prescribed place and on which they paid a tax on every bas-
ket, which changed according to the size of the basket. This rule was dependent
on the Judgment of the market collectors and it was thus capable of a great
deal of latitude.
(c) The so-called " mixed stands." This classification had been established
by custom or prescription as it never had had official sanction. These stands
had an unnumbered place among the volante stands, for which privilege they
paid a certain tax on them and at the same time were subject to the same tax-
ation per basket as the volantes.
On August 22 there was chosen a committee consisting of the committee
on markets of the municipal board, the deputy city assessor and collector,
and the chief Inspector of markets; which rendered its report on the 25th of
the same month.
This committee recommended that notwithstanding the tariff approved by
the municipal board on July 10, fixing the rate of li centavos per square foot
on each stand, which was equitable, a new tariff based on the same principle
and only to the extent of 11 centavos per square foot be made; it also recom-
mended the Installation of more stands under the lateral roofs of the two
yards of the market, with the object of holding the proceeds at the maximum
figure, which would be as it was during the year 1904. It further recommended
that the new system of assignment by public sale should be discontinued, await-
ing a better opportunity.
All these recommendations were accepted by the municipal board and It was
decided that they should take effect on the 27th of the same month.
The strikers objected, and after their reasons were heard only one of them
was considered reasonable, and that was that the time of thirty-one days
allowed from the date the resolution was passed till the date in which the
new system should go Into effect was not long enough. The objections of the
strikers were due to their limited capacity for adapting themselves to any re-
form, no matter how beneficial it might be. For this reason the municipal
board resolved to postpone the application of the aforementioned resolution of
the 25th to December 17, leaving everything as it was on July 11.
On August 20 the strikers returned to their business and cohtlnued until
December 15, when, seeing that the municipal board did not accede to their re-
iterated petitions that the application of the reform measures should be post-
poned indefinitely, the strikers went out until December 31. Then when the
means they had prepared for continuing It were exhausted, and when they were
convinced of the firmness of the municipal board in sustaining the resolution of
August 27, they again returned to the market. Public order was not disturbed,
notwithstanding the efforts made by the strikers to Induce the people In other
markets to Join them in their obstreiwrous public demonstrations, and of cer-
tain political agitators who sought popularity.
On and after January 1, 1007, the market was again in Its normal condition
under the operation of the tariffs approved on August 25 last, and the daily rent
yielded has been as exi)ected.
It Is Just to make mention herein of the successful and «iergetlc cooperation
rendered by the division of assessments and collections for the city of Manila
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOARD.
626
to the municipal board, and as well tlie activity displayed by the police depart-
ment in restoring the business at the Divisoria market to its normal condition.
Since June 15, 1907, there has been established in the Quinta market the same
system of tariffs which caused the strikes at the Divisoria market, the rate of
1 centavo per square foot of the floor space of each stall. On the same date the
chief of the department of sanitation and transportation, under the supervision
of the municipal board, was charged with the administration of this market,
there remaining in the hands of the city assessor and collector the duty of the
collection of the stall rents.
The city assessor and collector, Mr. John S. Hord, has opposed the manner
of collecting such rents and has questioned the efficiency of the tickets approved
by the municipal board, claiming, moreover, that he had a right to the adminis-
tration of the markets by virtue of act No. 1407, and that, therefore, the resolu-
tion of the municipal board conferring upon the chief of the department of sani-
tation and transportation the administration of the Quinta market was illegal.
This question of jurisdiction has been definitely decided, because the opinion
of the city attorney to the effect that act No. 1407 does not confer this function
upon the city assessor and collector, was concurred In by the attorney-general
and confirmed by the secretary of finance and justice.
The matter of the efficiency of the tickets involving, in addition, a question as
to whether it carries along with it unnecessarily heavy expenses, is now under
consideration, and pending a definite decision.
Since the new tariff became effective at the Divisoria market the constant
falling off which was noticed in the rents thereof has ceased, and a consider-
able monthly increase has been obtained in the Quinta market.
Since November 1, 1906, when the cleaning of market buildings, as an eco-
nomic measure, wns transferred to the department of sanitation and transpor-
tation, said department has succeeded in improving considerably the sanitary
condition thereof and the desired economy has been attained.
Regarding this matter, and particularly the Quinta market, the director of
health in his second quarterly report for the calendar year 1907 says :
** The chief of the department of sanitation and transportation of the munici-
pal government has continued his efforts of market improvement with great suc-
cess. The tables have been reconstructed, so that they may readily be cleansed,
instead of being the harboring places for vermin, filth, and other undesirable
things. The markets ate thoroughly fiushed and scrubbed daily. Dry goods,
shoes, and other commodities never Intended to occupy the space for perishable
produce are being gradually eliminated.'*
The following table shows the running expenses of the public markets and
slaughterhouse :
Mark«t.
Diviflorla
Quinta -
Arranque -
Sampaloc
Herran
Anda
Santa Ana_
Oa^alangin
Pandacan — -.
Bay, Tetuan, andesteros.
Total
SlaughterhouM- ..
RBoelpta
1907.-
T-181,8«S.81
57.837.06
24.757.85
8.550.50
11.180.90
1,287.50
l.io5.a
1,004.06
1.144.85
._ 238.T11.46
lW.9e2.5S
Expenaasof
coUectlona.
no,104.4«
2,800.65
1,426.65
857.84
1,747.99
480.M
811.68
468.44
809.88
18.106.34
10.064.79
Grand total J 403,678.90 1
28.101.18
Outlayfor
Ugbting.
cleaning.
rapafrs, 6tc.
ni.085.08
5,667.16
8.505.90
2.184.66
2,086.06
1.108.68
847.20
888.20
206.20
31,406.12
3,837.17
35,243.20
Net reoelpta.
1007.
ni0.705.aL
48.880.86
14.824.71
6,017.60
7.846.85
»a06.02
796.67
202.41
681.82
18O.39O.0O
151.040.57
840,280.67
1006.
n28,542.58
60,014.84
13.703.47
4,661.14
9.421.63
•118.18
757.61
87.48
488.75
7.609.60
216.768.86
140.353.46
365,121.82
• This includes, as In former years, the salaries of the chief inspector of markets and 2
clerks and the hire of 1 Tehlcle, all amounting to M,760.
•These are deficit items.
11024— WAB 1907— VOL 7-
-40
626
REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMBilSSION.
CITY SCHOOLS.
School enrollment during the tnonth of June, 1902-1907,
Month of Jnne—
Day
Nlctlt
Mhooto.
aehooto.
S,244
1.568
3,046
2.e»
6.787
5.04S
7.808
6.8S4
8.811
(•)
8.496
(•)
1903..
19(M_.
1905-
1906-.
1907..
> The night-school funds for the fiscal year 1906 having been exhausted. It was not po«>
Bible to open the night schools in June. They were opened on July 9. The attendance of
same for July was 1,405.
^ On account of the rainy season, it was not thought advisable to open the night schools
in June. They will be opened, though, later on in the year, some time in September.
Enrollment and attendance continue about normal. Every portion of the
seating capacity of the city schools is being utilized. It will be observed from
the foregoing table that the percentage of attendance is remarkably high, and
that the necessity for a greater number of schoolhouses as Indicated in former
reports still exists.
SCHOOL DISTaiCTS.
Many changes have been made in the six districts existing during the year
past, and the same have been classified as follows :
Primary schools, — First district : Paco, Pandacan, Santa Ana, Sampaloc, and
Santa Mesa. Second district: Concepci6n, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, and
Singalong. Third district: Santa Cruz (advanced), Santa Cruz, San Lazaro,
Quiapo, and San MigueL Fourth district : Meisic, Chinese, Gagalangin, and San
Nicolfis.
Intermediate schools, — Meisic, Sampaloc, Paco.
Special schools, — Manila High School, School of Business, American School,
Hospicio de San Jos6.
8CHOOLHOUSB8.
The number, location, and monthly rental of the city schoolhouses, according
to the data furnished by the superintendent of city schools, is as follows :
Buildings and locations.
Name of building.
American
Ooncepci6n
Chinese..
Domestic Science.— _
Ermlta
Gagalangin
Intramuros
Meisic
Meisic Intermediate
Malate
Manila High School
Paco -
Paco Intermediate
Pandacan
Quiapo
Sampaloc
Sampaloc Intermediate—.
Santa Ana —
Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz Advant^ed
San Lazaro.. «..
San Miguel..
San NIoolAs
Santa Mesa
School of Business
Singalong
Location.
417 Calle Nozaleda.
187 Calle San MaroeUno
72 Calle Asunci6n
4 Calle Meisic
118 Calle Real
380 Calle Qagalangin
206 CaUe Real
8 Calle Meisic
1-2 Calle Meisic
417 Plaza de Malate
172 Calle Victoria
31 Calle VIves (Interior)...
200 Calle Herran
9 Calle Sementera
28 Calle Concepcidn
89 Oalle Alix
4 Calle Alejandro VI
6 Calle Panadero
008 CaUe BlUbld
97 Calle Dolores
088 Calle Cervantes
129 Calle S. Rafael
177 Calle Madrid
485-7 Calle Santamesa
38Hi4 CaUe Gunao
146-147 CaUe Singalong
Monthly
nntal.
faoo.oo
80.00
ISO.OO
(•)
soo.oo
(•)
(•)
180.00
ISO.OO
80.00
150.00
800.00
200.00
ilO.OO
2SO.00
ISO.OO
80.00
180.00
SOO.OO
800.00
800.00
80.00
* Owned by the government.
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOABD. 627
Regarding this matter, the following comments are made in the annual report
of the superintendent of schools:
" Reasonably satisfactory improvement has been effected during the year in
the class and conditions of buildings occupied by city schools.
" The old Cuartel Meisic as repaired is only fairly satisfactory. The location
is not good, being practically on the edge of the district from which pupils are
drawn. The result is that only part of the actual seating capacity of the build-
ings is being utilized. Class rooms in the two-storied portions of the cuartel are
satisfactory, but those in the long, low portiontr are so imperfectly lighted and
ventilated that extensive change and repair are necessary before the health and
comfort of pupils will be properly provided for. In spite of all efforts to fill this
school it is found that the total enrollment is less than 2,000. If the building
were more centrally located with reference to school population, 2,500 could be
easily accommodated.
" There have been secured in Paco, at No. 31 Calle Vives, a fairly satisfactory
building capable of seating 350 pupils; in Ermita, at No. 118 Calle Real, a
fairly satisfactory building capable of seating 250 pupils; in San Lazaro, at No.
688 Calle Cervantes, a fairly satisfactory building capable of seating 200 pupils ;
in Santa Cruz, at No. 97 Calle Dolores, a very good building capable of seating
300 pupils.
" In San NicolAs the old quartermaster shops are being repaired and when
completed will be capable of seating 800 pupils.
'' In Meisic a large kitchen has been added to the domestic science building,
increasing the capacity of this institution very materially.
" In outer Tondo the property included between Calles Morga, Melchor Cano,
Lorenzo Chacon, and Sande has been secured by the city as the site upon which
the new «.00,000 school building is to be constructed. This piece of property
contains 383.19 square meters and affords ample room for a baseball field for
the boys, recreation grounds for girls, as well as the space required for building.
This project originated with the secretary of public instruction, who provided
M0,000 upon the condition that the municipal board would provide an equal
amount and would in addition provide a suitable site upon which to construct a
thoroughly modern school building.
"In San Nicol&s the building at 177 Calle Madrid will in a short time be
abandoned and the school at present being conducted in that building, number-
ing 587 pupils, will be transferred to the old quartermaster shop on Calle San
Fernando. This property, formerly in possession of the military, has been
transferred through the insular government to the city of Manila, to be used
for school purposes for a period of ten years. The expense accompanying the
making of repairs necessary to render the building fit for use by a school will
amount to K,600, approximately. This building when repaired will contain
twenty class rooms, all of which, with two exceptions, are well ligh'ted, venti-
lated, and adapted for school purposes. The grounds inclosed are extensive
and in excellent condition. With the possible exception of location, the building
being on the edge of the district accommodated, this promises to be one of the
best school buildings in the city.
" In addition to the acquisition above indicated, such extensive improvements
have been effected that at present, with the exceptions indicated, there is not
employed by the city for school purposes one building in which the condition as
regards space, light, ventilation, and sanitation is not up to a reasonably high
standard.
" There is, of course, unlimited room for improvement in the housing of
schools in the city. Only three city schools — ^the high school, the Malate pri-
mary, and the Gagalangin primary — are conducted in buildings originally in-
tended for school purposes. No amount of repair and construction short of the
erection of new buildings can make good schoolhouses of the miscellaneous
assortment of structures at present serving as schools."
FCJRNITURB.
A very considerable addition of school furniture to the equipment of last
year has added materially to the accommodation and comfort of pupils, and
has also made it possible to carry on in a practical form special lines of work
which were formerly rendered impossible, or were at least seriously retarded,
by reason of the lack of facilities.
628
BEPOBT OF THE PHHilPPINB C0MMIS8I0K.
TBACBBE8' SALARIES.
The number of teachers employed In the city schools, together with the salary
drawn by each, is shown in detail in the appended table furnished by the
superintendent of schools:
Number of teachers employed and monthly taUme$ paid, June SO, 1907.
Name of school.
t
.*
i
t
t
g
I
1
I
I
8
I
I
l
I
g
1
American o
1
1
1
6
1
2
11
Concepci6n.
...
...
2
1
1
Ghineae
Domfl^tic 8c^P^C6- -t r
1
Ermita
2
1
2
12
1
2
1
1
1
2
4
7
12
39
14
18
18
20
18
20
10
Qa^langin
In tramnros
1
4
1
2*
2
2
8
8
1
1
Melric
1
Helslo Intermediate
2
1
Malate*
8
2
••-
1
Manila High School
1
1
3
Paco
6
1
1
1
2
Pace Intermediate
1
1
2
6
:::
4
s"
1
1
6
8
6
Qulapo
Sampaloc
Ramnaloc Intermediate
2
2
Santa Ana
1
7
*i'
2
2
8
1
1
2
1
2
2
•••
Santa Cniz t....
Banta Cni* AAxnnomA
1
S*i Lasaro
8
4
8
1
1
1
San Miguel
1
6
4
SanNicolAs
1
Santa Meea
2
Blnffalonv
...
1
...
Snoerviflori
8
...
UnasBlgned
?
_ . _i_. _
1
••'r--\---
*
...
...
Total
063
10
16
49
42 !22
8
6
6
8
1 1 8 i 8
8
1
17
2
1
6
8 i^ra
r
a Includes high, grammar, primary, and kindeigarten.
Mncludee high and Intermediate.
0 Temporary teachers who do not receive vacation pay.
DEPARTMENT OF SEWEB AND WATEB WORKS CONSTBUCTION.
WATBB SUPPLY.*
The following table gives an exact idea of the progress of the work and
payments made to the contractors for the waterworks construction up to June
30, 1907:
Item.
To whom awarded.
Work done.
Amount of
bid.
Payments.
Oonstruotion of dam —
Steel plates
Matron, Lord A Belaer Oo —
H. W. Peabody Oo
Atlairtlc Gulf and Padfle Oo.
ft complete. .,
Llmoflt complete
complete - ._.._
$241,610.26
00,900.81
281,065.00
m,887.60
222,477.70
186,247.00
101,000.00
Steel dIdc _• —
188,000.00
Ttmnel
Rmerrolr,
'MataoD7Lo7d'&BeiBOT(^^
complete
complete
1S4.000.00
96.000.00
The delay in the construction of the dam is due to the loss of time tn com-
mencing the work owing to the difficulties encountered by the contractors in its
prosecution, caused chiefly by the rough and rocky nature of the land which
has to be excavated and the copious rains of the set- -ron.
The steel plates, by reason of their manufacture, turned out to be of greater
weight and produced small increase in their price.
The tunnels required the use of a thicker lining of concrete than that esti-
mated for their construction, owing to the softness of the ground.
^ See annual report for 1906 and 1007.
BEFOBT OF THE HTTNICIPAL BOABD.
629
SaWBBAOa 8T8TB1C.
Approximately 14 miles of aewers of the largest and deepest constrnction
work according to the project are constructed, and, although the total extension
of the sewers has been estimated at 52 miles, nevertheless that completed is
considered to be the most difficult and can be estimated as representing one-half
of the entire work.
One-third of the total installation of the outfall pipe is completed.
Six hundred and twelve thousand five hundred and sixteen dollars and forty-
three cents were expended out of the $1,631,053.20 contract price for the works
mentioned, including all the necessary material to be used therein.
Bids have been advertised for the furnishing and installing of the necessary
electrically driven pumps and motors for the six pumping stations of this system.
Statement of expenditures compared tcith the income and estimate of outlay.
INCOUB.
Amount of loan $4,000,000.00
Premium at the rate of $05,625 per million 382,600.00
Total 4, 382, 500. 00
OUTLAY.
Item.
Expended
dnrinffflMal
year 1607.
Estimatod
outlmy.
Amount of contract for the water sytUm:
Partl-
Part 2 .
Part 8-_.
$«79.8n.85
Amount of contract for the sewer system:
Parti
Contingent funds :.
Oostoms duties on the materials to be Imported..
Oost of inspection and supervision
TotaL.
Expense Incurred up to June 30, 1600
828.72
0M.1W.88
82,828.06
43,586.85
1,280,806.80
Total
11,025,000.00
185,000.00
400,000.00
1,831,000.00
870,000.00
150,000.00
100,000.00
150,000.00
880,000.00
4,871,000.00
STORM- WATBB DBAIN.
According to the report of the chief engineer, department of sewer and water-
works construction, the most important work in this division was the building
of a large storm-water drain in Calle Hospital, discharging into the Pasig
River. The narrowness of the street rendered it necessary to construct this
drain directly over the main sewer, and it was designed and installed in such
a way that the arch of the main sewer constitutes the invert of the storm-water
drain. This construction is rather unique, but will be entirely satisfactory and
Qoat less than a separate drain.
The large storm-water drain In Calle Soler under construction at the close
of last year was promptly and satisfactorily completed.
No further work of considerable magnitude has been done in this division,
owing to the lack of specific funds set aside for this purpose, it being necessary
to wait for the completion of the water-supply and sewerage system construc-
tion, for which the ^,000,000 loan was exclusively raised, before any remaining
funds therefrom can be applied to the building of storm-water drains.
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION AND TBAN8POBTATION.
As will be observed, this department covers a very large field of work — street
cleaning, street sprinkling, collection and disposal of refuse, collection and
disposal of night soil, care of parks and public grounds, care of cemeteries,
care of markets, and the handling of all land transportation, both insular and
city. The work has been most economically and efficiently carried on under the
management of Mr. J. C. Mehan, chief of the department
680 BEPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
8TBBBT SWmPINO.
The streets were swept entirely by hand. The low cost of labor and the small
proportion of paved streets makes this the most economical and feasible method
for sweeping the streets of Manila.
A force of street sweepers, with shovels and hand carts for collecting the
sweepings, patrolled an area of 1,741,380 square meters of street surface daily.
Some of the business streets were swept as often as three times daily.
To a detail from the regular force was assigned the duty of keeping the cross
walks clean at all hours of the day. A larger force was detailed to scrape all
accumulations of earth, grass, etc., from the gutters and street canals; some
of these were flushed and disinfected.
The total cost for wages, tools, supplies, and repairs amounted to ^47,293.18.
This includes the cost of removing 31,355 hand-cart ioads of sweepings to sites
being filled.
The cost of carting sweepings, mud, grass, etc., used for filling, with horse
transportation was 1?7,730.
The average daily cost per thousand square meters for street cleaning was less
than 7i centavos.
STRBBT SPRINKLING.
The streets were sprinkled two hundred and ninety-four days. As f^r as
was possible the streets were sprinkled by means of carts. On sgme streets
a line of hose was connected to the street hydrants and the streets sprinkled
and fiushed in this manner. Some of the bridges and small isolated sites were
sprinkled by hand, with cans.
The cost of labor, hose, supplies, repairs, etc., amounted to n6,834.75, and
of transportation (sprinkling wagons) to W5,998. The cost per thousand
square meters sprinkled was about 13 centavos.
COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF REFUSE.
One wagon and the necessary laborers for loading were used in collecting
dead animals. Eight thousand seven hundred and fifty-five dead animals were
received and destroyed at the city crematories. The cost for maintaining this
service amounted to W,716.80.
Seven thousand seven hundred and twenty-four cart loads of garbage were
received and destroyed at the city crematories. The cost of collecting and
carting this refuse to the crematory was approximately W.91 per load.
The cost for wages, fuel, supplies, repairs, etc., at the city crematories
amounted to ^7,551.38, or an average cost of cremating dead animals and
garbage of about W.52 per ton.
Refuse accumulating on the beach, and along the river and esteros, from
the wash of the tides, was collected by a force detailed to patrol them. This
refuse was either destroyed or used for filling, according to the nature of the
material collected. The total expended for the collection and disposal of garbage
and refuse was ^30,928.64 for wages, supplies, and repairs, and ^8,505.40 for
transportation.
FILLING OF LAND AND CITT DDlfPS.
A number of the vacant lots owned by the city, some sites for proposed new
streets, and the lower portion of the land at Cementerio del Norte were filled
with the rubbish which was found suitable for this purpose. Two other sites
not city property were filled by the city In compensation for land needed for
street purposes.
All such fills were covered with at least 6 inches of good earth, in order
to prevent any nuisance which might arise from exposed stable litter, decayed
leaves, and like materiala
Forty-four thousand seven hundred and thirty-seven loads of rubbish were
taken to the nursery site at Cementerio del Norte, in addition to all the horse
manure from the city stables. This was covered with the dirt removed In
grading the lots and roads in the cemetery. The fill at this site was about
15,000 cubic meters.
Seventy-four thousand six hundred and eighteen loads of rubbish were used
in filling sites, exclusive of the nursery, the quantity of filling approximating
24,000 cubic meters. Comparing the value of property deeded to the city in
compensation for this filling gives a value of at least n per cubic meter for
all such fills. The dirt used in covering the rubbish was taken from that part
BEPOBT OP THE MUNICIPAL BOABD. 631
of the glacis which was above grade, and the excavations for the new sewer.
The use of city land for dumping rubbish has been carried on for a number of
years and from some of the dumps, which have been filled for some tim^, excel-
lent material was obtained for fertilizing and enriching the soil set ftslde for
park purposes.
For carting this refuse and the earth used in covering the same it was
necessary to make use of more transportation than that properly chargeable
to garbage collection. This amounted to f^,766.86 for the year.
COLLBCTION AND DISPOSAL OF NIGHT BOIL.
The cost of the service was :
For the city of Manila (public closets, municipal buildings, Mari-
quina Valley, etc.) «54,797.ie
Insular bureaus 11, 918. 68
Quartermaster department, United States Army 2, 396. 10
Private householders 70, 743. 99
Total value of service 139,855.93
The cost for labor, fuel, supplies, equipment, transportation, etc.. Including
expenses of steam barge Pluto, amounted to n33,167.73.
The collections which were deposited amounted to m,911.43.
The city pound was turned over to this department during the month of
November, 1906, and the expense for maintenance and necessary employees
was assumed by the department. During that part of the year that this de-
partment had control of this work, 1,545 animals were impounded ; 360 of these
were redeemed, 184 sold, and 948 killed and cremated.
The cost of maintenance, hire* of labor, etc., amounted to ^404.38, and of
transportation to ^1,050.40.
Forty-seven thousand three hundred and seventy-two pigs and 81,064 quarters
of beef were transported from the matadero to the city markets. The total
collections for this service amounted to ^8,996.16.
Hie sanitation of the various iparkets was assigned to this department on
November 1, 1906. Believing that the infection of the food supply of the in-
habitants of a tropical city like Manila is one of the greatest sources of disease,
every effort was made to eliminate as far as possible, without greatly preju-
dicing the interests of the market venders, any unsanitary conditions or customs
which were found to exist.
On June 15 this department took over the administration of the Qulnta mar^
ket and reassigned the table space to venders of poultry, sea food, cereals, vege-
tables, fruit, cooked foods, eggs, and miscellaneous food supplies and country
products, in conformity with the plan of the committee on markets, which was
approved by the municipal board. The table space previously occupied by
venders of dry goods, clothing, pottery, etc., was made available for the food-
stuffs. This did away with any necessity for renting floor space to venders of
food supplies.
The stalls were assigned daily, 15 centavos per diem being the charge for each
stall. The expenses for meat transportation were M,632.30 and for markets
«1,764.97.
CBMBTBRIBa.
During the year 375 intermits were made in Paco Cemetery and 5,259 in-
terments in Gementerlo del Norte. Collections for niches at Paco Cemetery
and sales of graves and lots at Cementerio del Norte amounted to K0,749.10.
The cost for maintenance at Paco Cemetery was about ^^,500. This covers
the expense of watering and mowing grass, removing weeds, sweeping walks,
opening and closing niches, cleaning niches, placing slabs on niches, etc.
At Cementerio del Norte, in addition to the work entailed in digging, filling,
and caring for graves, mowing grass, trimming plants and trees, setting monu-
ments, and general care of the cemetery, there were extensive improvements
682 BEPOBT OF THE PHILIPPIKE COMMISSION.
made In building roads, walks, catch basins, and bridges, cutting ditches, laying
drains, sodding, etc. These Improvements were of a permanent character and
not only made available for sale and use a sufficient number of sections to meet
all demands, but tended to beautify the whole area set aside for cemetery pur-
The cost for labor, supplies, and repairs at Oementerio del Norte amounted to
K9,246.44. The cost of transportation of materials for roads, walks, drains,
etc., and of carting the dirt from lots and roads above grade amounted to
W8,644.67.
PARKS.
The various parks and plasas throughout the city were given care and atten-
tion with the object of improving their general appearance as much as possible.
The grounds already laid out in parks were fertilized, wild grass and weeds
were removed from the lawns, the plants and trees were trimmed, and depres-
sions in the walks and lawn were raised. Very little Improvement of the
grounds not laid out was attempted, with the exception of the nursery. A de-
tail of the park force was placed under the direction of the supervising architect
for the purpose of cleaning and improving the old city walls. New cages and
fences were placed in the " zoo " of the botanical gardens.
Several new animals were added to the zoo collection, notably two leopards
and one tiger.
To meet the necessity for avenue trees and park plants, three propagating
sheds were built at the nursery. About 15,000 young trees were potted and
about 3,000 set out In the nursery. Experience has shown that no attempt
should be made to plant trees less than three years old along the streets, as
they are subject to injury from children or people maliciously inclined. For
this reason it has been found advisable to delay planting avenue trees until
the department has obtained those large enough for this purpose.
For watering plants and trees, water was pumped into a tank with a hot-air
engine and distributed by service pipe and hose. This tank was alsp used for
filling sprinkling wagons.
The site now used for a nursery has been filled to a depth of more than 1
meter. The greater portion of the low ground has now been brought up to the
required grade, and during the coming year there will be a big increase in the
area available for nursery purposes.
The park expenses were ^40,276.43 for wages, supplies, and repairs, and
n7346.23 for transportation.
LAND TBANSPOBTATION.
The transportation required forms one of the largest items of operating
expense.
In street cleaning, the collected refuse must be removed. Over seventy carts
are in use every night collecting garbage and rubbish. In collecting night soil
and placing it on board the barge which disposes of it, transportation is the
greatest factor. The filling of city lots and street sites is almost wholly a
matter of transportation. One wagon for collecting animals found at large
is maintained at the j)ound. Three wagons for hauling meat from the matadero
to the markets form a feature of the sanitary care of markets. All improve-
ments of the cemeteries and parks are dependent upon the amount of trans-
portation available for carrying on this work. And by t&r the largest street
area is sprinkled by wagons.
The actual exp^ises entailed in the maintenance of the city stables were
«05,5C5.78 for wages; W,789.20 for equipment; W8,111.62 for miscellaneous
supplies ; M45,360.59 for forage bills paid ; ^,075 for forage delivered in June
for which no payment was made ; «.138 for the rent of the ground at stable
No. 1; and W2,024.94 for repairs; a total of W27,965.13.
The transportation Issued at regular tariff rates was as follows :
For insular bureaus M9, 489.87
For city offices, exclusive of department of sanitation and trans-
portation 95, 041. 02
For department of sanitation and transportation 288,067.46
Sale of animals and vehicles 995. 80
Total ' 473.506.05
Excess balance of earnings over cost 45,629.92
BEPOBT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOABD.
688
It is belieted tbat the vehiclefl, harnesa, and stable buildings on hand June 30,
1907, represent a value equal to those on hand June 30, 1906, and that the
present equipment oan be utilized to greater advantage.
The only question is whether or not the sum of f^,629.92 would make good
the deterioration and loss on animals. It is believed that It would, and that
the present tariff rates for transportatioik very nearly represent actual trans-
portation expenses.
Information has been sought as to the practicability of using motor ears
driven by electricity, gasoline, alcohol, or steam. The response to requests for
data in this matter has been slow, and there has not as yet been any informa-
tion obtained which warrants any expenditure in this direction other than for
experimental purposes.
There are certain items of expense connected with horse-drawn vehicles,
which are much higher in Manila than in most of the cities where motor cars
have been used for commercial purposes to any extent. This should be taken
into consideration in making any comparison as to operating expenses of horse-
drawn vehicles and motor cars.
Statement showing cost of operating 'the department.
Item.
cipiiiiicimf
Street cleaning..
Collection and disposal of refuse
OoUectlon and disposal of night soil..
City pound
Marketo
Meat transportation..
Filllnc low lands
Parks-
Cemeteries
Administration
Tothl w.
City stables
TbtaL
Deducting outstanding forage account..
Total
Less repayments...
Total net expenditures..
Labor and
contingent
expenses.
^16,884. 76
47,203.18
aO,928.M
92,641.85
404.88
11,501.99
1,582.80
40,276.43
81,746.44
40.488.82
318,668.21
427,066.18
741,648.84
Transpor-
tation.
^55,906.00
7,780.10
78,606.40
40,626.38
1,060.40
178.06
6.100.00
88,766.86
17.346.23
88,644.67
4,126.87
288.067.46
138,897.67
427.966.13
7.075.00
420.890.13
Total.
^72,882.75
55.028.28
100,484.04
133,167.78
1.454.78
11.764.07
6.682.30
38.766.86
67.622.66
70.391.11
44,560.19
601.650.67
189.807.67
741,648.84
7.076.00
734.473.34
220.82
734,263.02
INDEX.
Abaca. (See Hbmp.)
Abra, frovincb of:
LoanBto: 592.
Abblla, Mabiano: oovbrnob of Ambos Camabinbs, report of: 259-263.
Accrued leave. See Civil Service.
Agricultural bank. (See Bank, Agricultural.)
AoRicui;ruRAL pests: Prevalence of: 188.
AousAN province:
Creation of: 93.
Subprovinces of Butuan and Bulddnon: 93.
Alba, Gabriel: governor, province ov Zambalbs, report of: 484-491.
Albat, province ov:
Agriculture —
Abaca —
Price of: 247.
Production of: 247
Taxes on: 248.
Cocoanuts, production of: 248.
Rice, production of: 248.
Cedulas: 249.
Commerce: 248.
Economics: 249.
Elections: 246.
Finances: 249, 250, 534, 535.
Governor, report of: 246-258.
Hot springs of Tiwi, curative power of: 258.
Loans to: 592.
Municipalities, fusion of: 255, 256.
Natural resources —
Coal deposits: 254.
Batan Island: 254, 255.
Value of: 254.
Newspaper, establishment of: 246.
Peace and order: 246, 255.
Political conditions: 251, 252.
Population: 534.
Ports of entry: 248, 249.
Public buildings: 252.
Public health and sanitation: 250, 251.
Public instruction —
Enrollment: 257.
Industrial education: 257, 258.
Public works: 252-254.
Beads and bridges: 252-254.
Cost of maintenance: 253.
Troops, station of: 246.
Alcohol. (See Dibtilleribs.)
Am ANTE, Miguel (outlaw), capture of: 276.
Ambos Camarinbs, province of:
Agriculture —
Abaca, production of: 259, 260.
Carabaos, price of: 260.
Rice production: 259, 260.
Bandits, capture of —
Avila: 259.
Cabayo: 259.
635
686 iNDxx.
Ambos Camabines, frovikok ov— Continued*
Commerce: 260.
Financee: 262, 536.
Foreetry: 260.
Governor, report of: 259-263.
Loans to: 592.
Mineral leaources: 260.
Peace and order: 259.
Population: 536.
Provincial jail, care of: 262.
Public health and sanitatioib—
Cholera: 261.
Deaths, number of: 261.
Infants, deaths from convulmons: 261.
Malaria: 261.
Smallpox, deaths from: 261.
Tuberculosis, deaths from: 261.
Vaccinations: 261.
Public instruction: 263.
Americans:
Appointments of: 119.
M!unicipal offices, numbers in: 200.
Numbers and salaries of, in dvil service: 146-148.
Provincial offices, numbers in: 200.
Anoat, financial condition: 46.
Angco, Felix, govebnor, province or Ilocos Sur, report of: 315-317.
Animals, diseases ov:
Anthrax: 101.
Rinderpest: 100.
Sum: 101.
Anthrax, prevalence of: 101.
Antifolo Kailroad Line beyond Tattat, progress of work on: 60.
Antique, province op:
Agriculture-
Abaca: 264.
Cocoanuts: 264.
Rice: 263.
Sugar: 263, 264.
Cattle-
Diseases of: 264.
Increase of: 264
Commerce —
Rice expcMted: 265.
Su^ exported: 265.
Financial ana economic: 265, 537.
Governor, report of: 263-268.
Loans to: 592.
Locusts, extermination of: 264.
Non-Christian tribes, condition of: 267.
Political conditions: 266.
Population: 537.
Public health: 267.
Births: 267.
Deaths: 267.
Public instruction —
Attendance: 266.
Schools, number of: 265, 266.
Teachers, nimiber of: 265.
Rinderpest, prevalence of: 264.
Appointments. (See Civil service.)
Archives, patents, copyrightb, and trade-marks, division of:
Copying, charges for: 171.
Work of: 171.
Aroao: Financial condition: 46.
Arnedo, M., governor, province of Pampanga, report of: 427-431.
Artacho, IsABELo, GOVERNOR, PROVINCE OF Fangabinan, report of: 431-439.
Asbestos, mines of: 310.
INDBX. 687
Absemblt, PmuFPiNi:
Act of GongreBB relative to: 5, 209.
BasiB of representation: 49.
OaU for: 47.
Certificate as to existence of peace: 47, 209.
- Election ordered: 48.
Proclamation of governor-general for election: 48.
Proclamation of President: 48, 212-214.
Oonvening of: 61, 170.
Date of: 61.
Where: 61.
Delegates-
Election —
Total vote cast, by provinces and parties: 203.
When held: 6, 48, 49.
Expenses: 164.
List of: 60-61, 226.
Number: 6, 49, 164.
Political partv: 60, 61.
Profession: 60, 61.
Qualification of: 49, 164.
Ratio of population represented: 8.
Registration for election of: 202.
Salary: 164.
Term, length of: 48.
Districts: 6, 164.
Election —
Firstr-
Date of: 6.
Result of: 49, 60.
Votes cast: 60.
When held: 49.
Protested: 61.
Voters, number registered: 49.
See aUo Elbgtigns.
Inauguration of: 207, 209.
Delegates present: 209, 226.
Invocation: 227.
Journal of the Oommission: 209.
Proclamation oonvening: 207, 208.
Joint convention —
Delegates present: 228.
Message ofgovemor-general: 228.
Opening ol: 6.
Parties represented, number of: 6, 49.
Centre Catolica: 49.
Independistas: 49.
Independents: 49.
Inmediatistas: 49.
NadonalJstas: 49.
Progresistas: 49.
Provinces represented: 49.
Resolution passed by: 6.
AssEssMBNTB, real estate: 86, 86.
See aUo Manila, citt or.
Attornby-Gbneral, opiniouB relative to civil service: 139-141.
AuDFTOR, report of: 49z.
Auditor ststbm, dibtrigt, establishment of: 93.
AuDiTORB, DI8TBICT, iiamos of : 631.
Aunrrs, burbau of:
Change in contr^: 77.
Report of: 106.
Baguio:
Postal and telegraph service: 179.
Sessions at: 179.
Baguio-Trinidad road, expenditures: 62L
Balamcb bhbbt: 494.
688 INDEX.
Bandits. (See Outlaws.)
Bank, aoricuivtural, act providing for establishment of: 3.
Bank, postal savings:
Accoulits, number opened: 9. 62.
Act authorizing, provisions oi: 8, 9.
Cities where established: 9.
Depositors, nationalities represented: 9, 62.
Deposits —
Amount allowed: 9, 62. ,
. Interest on: 9, 10.
Withdrawals by telegraph: 9.
Expenses of: 9.
Funds, investment of: 9, 10.
Nationalities represented: 9.
Offices, number of: 9, 62.
Operation, date begun: 9.
Resources: 9.
Stamps, denomination of: 9.
Bankruftcy bill, progress on: 180.
Barlin, Bishop, invocation by: 227.
Barotac Nuevo, financial condition: 46.
Bataan. provingb of:
Agriculture: 268.
Commerce: 268.
Factories —
Alcohol: 270.
Su^: 270.
Financial conditions: 269, 272, 538.
Forestry: 271.
Grovemor, report of: 268-273.
Industry: 270.
Loans to: 592.
Natural wealth: 271.
Non-Christian tribes, condition of: 271
Political conditions: 271.
Population: 638.
Public health and hygiene: 271.
Public instruction: ?70.
Boads and bridges: 271.
Batanoas, province of:
Agriculture: 273.
Economics: 274.
Financial condition: 274, 275, 539, 540.
Governor, report of: 273-277.
Industries: 274.
Loans to: 592.
Mining claims, applications filed: 275.
Natural wealth: 275.
Peace and order: 276.
Political conditions: 276.
Population: 539.
Puolic buildings: 274.
Public health and sanitation: 275, 276.
Public instruction —
Attendance: 275.
Schools, number of: 275.
Teachers, number of: 275.
Rinderpest, i>revalence of: 276.
Roads and bridges: 275.
Bauan, financial condition: 46.
Belt Line, Manila, progress of work on: 69.
Benoubt, province of:
Agriculture: 278.
Cattle registered —
Carabaos: 278.
Goats: 378.
Pigs: 278.
Ponies: 278.
Sheep: 278.
IKDBZ. 689
Bbnouet, provincb ov—Continued.
Climate: 282.
Financial condition: 279, 541.
Governor, leport of: 277-282.
Land act, extension of: 278.
Mining —
Gold, value of: 281.
Operation of mines: 281.
Non-Gnristian tribes: 277
Population: 541.
Schools, number of: 280.
Bbnoust improvements, expenditures: 521.
BicdL, El Heraldo, mentioned: 246.
BiUBiD Prison, improvements, expenditures: 521.
Buss, Brio. Gen. Taskbr H., governor Moro Province, report of? 364-397.
BoHOL, province of:
Agricultural bank, operation of: 284.
Agriculture —
Abaca: 284.
CoGoanuts: 284.
Maize: 284.
Rice: 283.
Tubers: 284.
Commerce: 285.
Economics: 285.
Financial condition: 284, 285, 542.
Governor, report of: 282-286.
Industries: 285.
Loans to: 592.
Natural wealth: 285.
Oil factorv, operation of: ^85.
Peace ana order: 282.
Pharmacy opened: 283.
Political conditions: 282.
Population: 542.
PuDlic health and hygiene —
Deaths, number of: 283.
Lepers: 283.
Public instruction: 283.
Recommendations: 286.
Surra: 284.
Bonded indebtedness, amount of: 12, 64.
Bonds, sewer and waterworks construction, sale of: 109.
Borja, Salustiano, oovernor of Bohol, report of: 282-286.
Budget, fiscal year 1908: 61.
BuLACAN, provincb or:
Agriculture —
Rice: 287.
Sugar: 287.
Commerce: 289.
Financial conditions: 290, 543, 544.
Governor, report of: 286-293.
Industries: 289.
Loans: 592.
Manufactures —
Alcohol distilleries: 289.
Tobacco &ctories: 289.
Natural resources —
Guano deposits: 289.
Iron deposits: 289.
Non-Christian tribes: 290.
Peace and order: 286, 287.
Political conditions: 286, 287. •
Population: 543.
PuDlic health and sanitation: 288.
Public instruction: 287, 288.
Enrollment: 287, 288.
Schoolhouses, construction of: 288.
Public works: 290.
640 INDEX.
BuLACAN, FBOYiKCE OF— Continued.
BecommendationB —
Agricultuie: 292.
Commerce: 292.
Public health and sanitation: 292.
Public instruction: 292.
Public works: 293.
Roads and bridges: 290, 291.
Buttons, cost of manu^turing: 68, 69.
Cablborams:
Cost of: 94, 159.
Number sent: 159.
Cacao, cultivation and production of: 100, 186.
Caoatan, provincb ov:
Agriculture: 294.
Batanes Islands, conditions on: 297.
Commerce: 294.
Death rate: 296.
Disease among domestic animals: 296.
Dietilleriee: 294. •
Financial conditions: 295, 297, 645.
Governor, report of: 293-297.
Imprevements: 295.
Political conditions: 293.
Population: 545.
PuDlic health and sanitation: 296.
Recommendations: 296.
Roads and bridges: 295.
Cailles, Juan, oovbrnob La Laouna Provingb, report of: 385-84L
Calamba-Los BAf^os ROAD, expenditures: 521.
Capital opbrations, statements of: 515-518.
Capiz, provikcb of:
A^culture —
Cocoanuts, production of: 298.
Hemp plantations: 298.
Rice crops: 297.
Sugar cane, production of: 298.
Commerce —
Copra exported: 298.
Hemp exported: 298.
Rice exported: 298.
Distilleries: 299.
Economic conditions: 298.
Factories: 299.
Financial condition: 301, 546.
Forests: 300.
Governor, report of: 297, 302.
Industries —
Ceilings for houses: 299.
Hats: 299.
Nipa roofs: 299.
Sacks, manufacture of: 299.
Loans to: 592.
Mineral resources: 300.
Non-Christian tribes: 300.
Peace and order: 101, 300.
Political conditions: 300.
Population: 546.
Public health-
Births, number of: 300.
Deaths, number of: 301.
Public instruction: 298, 299.
Cattlb brands, registratfbn of: 172.
Cavitb, provincb of:
Agriculture: 302.
Commerce: 302.
Economic conditions: 303.
Electric plant: 304.
INDEX. 641
Cavitis, province of — Continued.
Factories: 304.
Financial condition: 303, 305, 547.
Foreeta: 304.
Governor, report of: 302-305.
Indu(«tries —
Fish industry: 303.
Marine railways: 303.
Loans to: 592.
Mines —
Gold: 304.
Gypsum: 304.
Political conditions: 304.
. Population: 547.
Puolic health and sanitation:. 305.
Public instmction: 305.
Stone quarries: 304.
Cbbu, island of:
Railroads —
Construction,
Miles of track 1
Population along route: 8.
Progress of work on: 58.
Trains operated: 7.
Gebu, fort of, expenditures on improvements: 60, 521.
Gebu, province of:
Hnancial statement: 548.
Loans to: 592.
Population: 548.
Gebu, quaranhnb station, expenditures: 521.
Gedula tax:
Amount collected: 234.
Census, when completed: 5.
Centro Catouca party in the Philippine Assbicblt, number of: 49.
Certificates of indebtedness, payment of: 64.
Cholera, prevalence of: 191.
Civil service:
Accrued leave: 121, 122.
Act regulating: 129.
Aliens, appointment of: 7
Application of law: 125.
Appoi ntments —
Americans: 78, 79, 119.
Federal service: 119.
Filipinos: 78 79, 119.
Nationality: 78.
Number of: 78, 118.
Recapitulation: 145. 146.
Requirements: 144.
Retroactive, prohibited: 144.
Statistics regsirding: 162.
Condition of: 126, 127.
Criticisms: 125.
Director of. report of: 117-148.
Employees —
Aliens, appointment of: 77.
American- -
Number of: 146-148.
Salary of: 146-148.
Demands for: 79 80.
Filipino-
Number of: 146-148.
Salary of: 146-148.
Hours: 77.
Leave of absence: 78 121.
Salaries, reduction: 79.
Transportation, when to be used: 144. 169.
11024-WAR 1907— VOL 7 41
642 IJSDEX.
Civil Service— Continued.
Examinations —
Assistant provincial treasurer: 117. ^
District inspector: 118.
Further application: 124.
Internal-revenue agent: 118.
Nationality: 78. 117.
Number of: 78. 117.
Promotion: 123.
Recapitulation: 145.
Stenographers: 118.
Surveyors: 118.
Hours: 77.
Instability of : 149.
Law and modifications: 77.
Leaves of absence: 78 121.
See also Leaves of absencb.
Pension system: 81, 122. 126.
Permancency of: 80, 122, 123.
Promotions —
Examinations: 143.
Requirements: 144.
Retroactive prohibited: 144.
Publications: 128 129. 138.
Resolutions of the Philippine Commiasion: 144.
Retirement system: 126, 127.
Salary adjustment: 120, 121.
Tenure of office: 80. 81, 122, 123.
Claravall. Euseo, oovernor Ibabbla Province, report of: 328-335.
Clarke. W. H., acting AUDrroR, report of: 492-592.
Coal, deposits of: 245, 255, 320, 464, 476, 489.
Coast and Geodetic Survey, recommendations relative to cost of service: 5.
CocoANUTs cultivation and production of : 99, 184.
Albay: 248.
Antique: 264.
Bohol: 284.
Capiz: 298.
La Lacuna: 336.
Moro Province district of Davao: 387.
Pangasinan: 432.
Romblom: 445.
Surigao: 472.
Coffee cultivation and production of: 100, 186.
CoiNAOE. {See Currency.)
C< ) M M RRa al statistics :
Exports, amount of: 15.
Imports, amount of: 14.
Commerce and police, department of, expenses, statement of: 605.
Commission. Philippine:
Acts passed by, list of: 52-58.
Baguio, sessions at: 179.
Certificate as to peace: 47.
Hearings and discussions: 177.
Personnel changes in: 36, 179.
Recom ni endations —
Agricultural machinery and other implements, duty on, to be removed: 65.
Amendment to act of Congress, July 1, 1902 —
Corporations: 71.
Mining laws: 71.
Buttons increase of duty on: 68.
Export duty on articles exported from the Philippine Islands, repeal of act*
64.
Importations exceeding $100 in value, repeal of law providing for consulai
invoices, etc.: 67.
Loans to pro vine ^.^ by treasurer of the Philippine Islands and the Posta^
Savings Bank: 73.
Machinery and apparatus for mining, duty on, to be reduced: 65.
Materia] for construction and repair of vessels, duty on, to be removed: 66.
INDEX. 648
Commission, Philiffine — Continued.
Recommendations — Con tinued .
Natm^ization of foreigners as, citizens of Philippine Islands: 72.
Qualifications of electors: 73.
Shipping act of 1906 to be repealed: 72.
Spirituous liquors, measurement of : 66.
Sugar and tobacco, duty on, to be removed: 64.
Recorder, work of: 176.
Report of: 33-73.
Resolutions of: 144, 177-170.
Sections: 176.
Vacancies: 36.
CONGRKSSIONAL REUEP FUND!
Disbursements from: 16.
Loans to provinces: 592.
Operation of: 518.
Connor. Norman G., Division Superintendent of Schools, Nueva Vizcaya, report
of: 411, 412.
Constabulary:
Relations with people: 237.
Work of: 190.
Consular corfs:
Cebu: 103.
Changes in: 197.
Iloilo: 105.
List of consuls, with addressee: 491.
Manila: 105.
CoNsuMFTioN, deaths from: 191.
Convention of frovincial oovBRNORa:
Call of: 82.
Election of officers: 82.
Matters submitted: 82.
Recommendations: 82. 83.
Representation: 82.
Coffer, deposits of: 348.
Cofra:
Exportation of: 15, 235.
Capiz: 298.
Iloilo: 324.
La Laguna: 337.
Production of: 98. 99. 184.
Romblon: 445.
CoFYHiGHTS. registration of: 172.
Corn:
Cultivation and production of: 100, 186.
Bohol: 284.
La I^aguna: 336.
Price of: 319.
Corporations:
Domestic, list of: 175.
Foreign, list of: 173-175.
Registration of: 173.
Cotton, cultivation and production of: 186.
Cotton cloth, imports: 14.
Criminal frocedurb, code of, progress on: 180.
Crumb, B. A., resignation of: 397.
Cuba:
Provisional government of: 19.
Cost to United States of the intervention: 19.
Amount of: 20, 21.
Amount advanced by Cuban Government: 2L
Payment of: 19.
Supplies purchased for: 13.
Currency:
Pa}ieT —
Denominations of : 10.
Notes prepared and shipped to Manila: 10, 11.
644 IKDSX.
CuRRBNCT— Omtinued.
Silver-
Amount purchased: 11.
Cost of: 11.
Cost of minting and shipping: IL
Silver coins —
Amount coined: 11, 12.
Denominations of: 11, 12.
Becoinage —
Amount shipped for: 11.
Philippine com: 11.
Spanisn-Filipino coin: 11.
Weight and fineness of: 11.
CuBRY, Gborgb, oovbrnor, provincb or Samar, report of: 441M50.
DaNCBL, A., OOVBRNOR, PROVINCB OF RlZAL, ropOTt oi: 439-445.
Dau-Maoalang Railroad Linb, progress of work on: 69.
Dblboates. (See Assbmblt, Phiufpinb.)
Dbposifaries of Philipfinb funds:
Amount of deposits with: 11.
Nani98 of 11.
PESTrruTB Ambricans, deportation of: 160.
DiNOLBT tariff:
Effect of, on sugar and tohacco: 62.
Recommendations: 5.
DiSBURSBMENT OF PhIUFFINB BSVENUBS IN THB UnTTBD StATBS:
Accounts, number of: 13.
Amount of: 13.
DiSTILLBRIES:
Bataan: 270.
Bulacan: 289.
Capiz: 299.
llocos Sur: 316.
District auditor btbtbv, establishment of: 98.
DivoRCBS, resolution relative: 178.
Docxtmbntart BTA1C98, number prepared and shipped: 12.
Docukbnts, Phiuffinb govbrnmbnt library to bb furnishbd with: 4, 158.
Doo uobnbbb: 621.
Dominican Rbpubuc. (fifee Santo Domingo.)
Education:
Condition in provinces —
Enrollment: 186.
Industrial education: 193.
Private schools: 192.
School houses: 192.
Teachers: 193.
Enrollment: 237.
Province of —
Albay: 2m, 258.
Ambos Gamarines: 263.
Antique: 266, 266.
Bataan: 270.
Batangas: 275.
Benguet: 280.
Bohol: 283.
Bulacan: 287, 288.
Capiz: 298, 299.
Cavite: 305.
llocos Norte: 308.
llocos Sur: 316, 319, 320.
Iloilo: 32^.
La Laguna: 340.
La Umon: 481, 482.
Lepanto-Bontoc: 346, 347, 350.
Mindoro: 355.
Misamis: 361.
Moro: 374-379.
Nueva Ecija: 399, 400.
INDIEZ. 646
Educavion — Ck)ntinued.
Province of —
Nueva Yizcaya: 411, 412.
Occidental NegroB: 413.
Oriental Negros: 417.
• Palawan: 424.
Pampanga: 428, 421^, 430.
Pangaainan: 437.
Rizal: 442, 443, 444.
Romblon: 448.
Sapar: 452.
Sorsogon: 462-464.
Surigao: 474.
Tarlac: 477, 478.
Zambalea: 486.
See also Schools.
Edwabds, General Glarbncb R.i
Mentioned: 178, 204, 209.
Report of: 3-29.
Elections:
AsBembly districts: 694.
Ballots: 165.
Blanks and forms: 166.
Changes in provincial boards: 97*
Inspectors (»: 97.
Law —
Amendments suggested: 167.
Enactment ol: 5.
Protested: 98.
Provisions of: 6, 164-168.
Registration under: 97.
Restrictions: 97.
Voteft, qualifications of: 96, 97.
Liquor, sale of, prohibited during: 164.
Municipal: 163.
Registrations for: 201.
Officials, qualifications of: 164.
Polls, when open: 165.
Precincts, voters in each: 164.
President's proclamation to call: 202.
Proclamation of governor-genend calling: 203.
Protested: 170.
Provincial: 163.
Registrations —
Days for: 168.
Methods of: 165, 168, 169.
Number of: 169, 170, 594.
Total vote cast by provinces and parties for Assembly: 203.
Voters, qualifications of: 164, 165. «
Votes cast: 170. •
When held: 6.
See aUo Assembly, PniLipnNB.
Electign law, committee to study: 594.
Electric plant, establishment of: 304.
Eliot, Rap ael: governor, prgvincb of Surioao, report of: 471-476.
Employees. (See Civil servicb.)
Engineers Island, improvements, expenditures: 521.
Examinations. (Su Cmh service.)
ExEcunvE Bureau:
Executive secretary, report of: 149-491.
Personnel: 81, 82, 149.
Reorganization: 81.
EzECUTivB Department, expenses, statement of: 502.
Exports:
Amount of, compared with Spanish tunes: 234.
Copra: 235.
Hemp: 235.
646 INDEX.
Exports — Continued.
Maguey: 235.
Sugar: 235.
Tobacco: 235.
Value of: 234, 236.
ExTRADiTiONa, rcquieitiouB for: 161.
Factories: 270, 2B5, 304, 418, 428.
Farmer, Jr., Gapt. Ghas. G., appointment: 397.
Felizardo (outlaw), death of: 102.
Fbrgusson, a. W., executive secretary, report of: 149-199.
Filipinos:
Appointments of, in classified service: 119, 120.
Givil service, numbers and salaries of, in: 146-148.
Holding prominent positions, number of: 240.
Municipal offices, number in: 200.
Provincial offices, mimber in: 200.
Filipino students in the United States:
Gonductof: 18.
Distribution of: 17.
Health of: 18.
List of schools attended by: 17. ^
Number returned to the rhilippine Islands: 18.
Transportation for: 159.
Finance and justice, department op, expenses, statement of: 608.
Financial conditions, statement of: 61.
Firearms:
Permits issued: 94, 159.
Refi^ulations: 94.
Fires, losses by: 105, 111, 198.
Fire departments:
Municipal organizations: 105.
Volunteers: 105.
Fire department, city of Manila. (See Manila, citt of.)
Fiscals, provincial, offices abolished: 90.
Flor, Melchor, governor Ilocos Norte Province, report of: 306-315.
Frlar lands fund, statement, receipts and expenditures: 520.
Fruit, cultivation and production of: 100, 187.
Gabaldon, IsAURO, GOVERNOR, PROVINCE OF Ntjeva Ecua, report of: 397-406,
Garden truck, cultivation and production of: 100, 187.
Gazette, official:
Publication of : 182.
Gostof: 182.
Gold mines: 281, 304, 320, 348, 475, 489.
Gold standard fund, statement, receipts and expenditures: 519, 520.
Governor-general:
Message of: 228-241.
Proclamation convening Assembly: 207, 2G8.
Report of: 77-116.
Governors, provincial:
Gonventions of: 82-84, 150. •
Gommittee, appointment of: 151.
Membership: 151.
Organization: 150.
Purposes of: 150.
Recommendations of: 152.
Qualifications of: 164.
Reports of: 183-197, 246-491.
GRiFFrrH, Maj. E. W., resignation of: 307.
Guano, deposits of: 289.
Guia, Fulgencio de (outlaw), operations of: 276.
Gutierrez, Nicholas (outlaw), capture of: 102.
Guzman, P., governor, Gaoayan Province, report of: 293-297.
Gypsum, deposits of: 304, 320, 330, 464, 475.
Habana, Antonio, governor, Gapiz Province, report of: 297-302.
Hale, W. F., ueutenant-governor, subprovincb of Am buratan, report of: 350-
351.
Harbors, progress of work on: 60.
INDEX. 647
Health, condition in provinces: 190.
Health districts, number of : 177.
Heup (Abaca):
Cuitivation and production of: 98, 99, 184, 379, 382.
Albay: 247.
Ambos Camarines: 259, 260.
Antique: 264.
Bohol: 284.
* Capiz: 298.
LaLrfiguna: 336.
* Mindoro: 353.
Misamis: 357.
Moro Province, Davao district: 387.
Romblon: 445.
Sonogon: 457.
Surigao: 472.
Exportation: 15, 236.
Capiz: 298.
Misamis: 359.
Surigao: 473.
Packing: 236.
Price of—
Albay: 247.
LaLaffuna: 336.
Romblon: 446.
Taxes on, in Albay: 248.
See also Maguey and Sisal.
Hemphill, Rear-Admiral, mentioned: 204.
Heraldo Bicol, £l: newspaper, establishment of: 246.
Hospicio de San Jose:
Contract with: 594.
Cost of; 594.
Hot Springs: curative powers: 258.
Ide, Hon. Henry Clay, resignation of: 36, 179.
Idos. Felipe (outlaw), surrender of: 102.
Ilocos Norte, province of:
Agricultural conditions —
Maguey, cultivation of: 309.
Rice mill, establishment of: 309.
Tobacco crops: 309.
Commerce —
Cattle, export of: 310.
Maguey exports: 310.
Rice exports: 310.
Communication, means of: 308.
Constabulary: 306.
Financial condition: 309, 312-315, 550.
Governor, roport of: 306-315.
Industries: 309.
Mines —
Asbestos: 310.
Claims filed: 310.
Manganese: 310.
Non-Chnstian tribes: 310.
Peace and order: 102, 306.
Police, municipal: 306.
Political conditions: 311.
Population: 550.
Prisons: 308.
Public buildings: 308.
Public health and hvgiene: 309.
Public instruction: 3&.
Public works: 307.
Roads and bridges: 307, 313.
Schoolhouses, construction of: 308.
648 INDEX.
IlOCOS SxJRr PROVINCE OF!
Abra, subprovince of —
Agriculture: 318, 320.
Maguey: 318.
Rice: 318.
Sugar: 318.
Tobacco: 318.
Commerce —
Corn, price of: 319.
Live stock: 318, 320.
Rice, price of: 319.
Tobacco sales: 319.
Economic conditions: 319. •
Financial condition: 319, 551.
Industries — •*
Hats: 320.
Lumber: 319.
Lieutenant-Governor, report of: 318 321.
Loans to: 592.
Natural resources —
Coal mines: 320.
Forests: 320.
Gold mine: 320.
Gypsum deposits: 320.
Springs: 320.
Non-Christian tribes —
Agriculture: 320.
Cattle: 320.
Population: 320.
Schools: 320.
Attendance: 320.
Settlements, number of: 320.
Peace and order: 321.
Political condition: 321.
Population: 551.
Public health and sanitation: 321.
Public instruction: 319, 320.
Schools, number of: 319.
Public works: 321.
Recommendations: 321.
Roads and bridges: 321.
Agriculture: 315.
Commerce: 315.
Economic- conditions: 316.
Financial condition: 316.
Governor, report of: 315-317.
Gypsum deposits: 316.
Industries: 316.
Manufactures: 316.
Distilleries: 316.
Natural resources: 316.
Political conditions: 317.
Public health and sanitation: 317.
Public instruction: 316.
Colleges —
Law school: 316.
Universidad Ilocana: 316.
Public works: 317.
Iloilo, city op, ijort work, completion of: 60.
Iloilo, port of, improvements, expenditures: 521.
Iloilo, province of:
Agriculture —
Rice production: 324.
rtices: 324.
Sugar production: 323.
Pnces: 324.
Tobacco production: 824«
Prices: 321.
iKDsz. ' 649
Iloilo, proyincb or— Continued.
Commerce —
Exports—
Copra: 324.
Sugar: 324.
Imports —
Opium: 324.
Rice: 324.
Sugar: 324.
Financial condition: 326, 653.
Fire, destruction by: Z22.
Governor, report of: 322-326.
Health: 325.
Industries: 325.
Loans to: 592.
Municipalities, conditions in: 323.
Peace and order: 325.
Political conditions: 322.
Population: 553.
Puolic instruction: 325.
Public works: 325.
Roads and bridges: 326.
Imports:
Cotton TOods: 235.
Iron and steel (machinery): 235.
Malt liquors: 235.
Mineral oilB: 235.
Opium: 235.
Paper: 235.
Rice: 235.
Value of: 234, 235.
Indebtedness of Phiuffinb ootbrnmsiit:
Bonded: 64.
Certificates of indebtedness: 64.
Independent party* in the Phiuppinb Assembly, number of: 49.
Independistas party in the Phiuppins Assembly, number of: 49.
Industrial education, condition of, in provinces: 193.
Inmediatistas party in the Philippine Assembly, number of: 49.
Insect pests, damages by: 101.
Inspector, district, examinations for: 118.
Insular affairs, bureau of:
Oiiganization and personnel, changes recommended: 22, 23.
Rimk of assistant to chief of: 4.
Report of: 3-29.
Insular government, expenses, statement of: 502-514.
Income, statement of —
Customs: 499.
Duties collected on Philippine products in the United States: 500.
Export duties: 499.
Immigration dues: 499.
Import duties: 499.
Licenses: 500.
Stamp sales: 500.
Tonnage dues: 499.
Don Juan seized silver: 501.
Insular ice plant: 501.
Interest on deposits: 501.
Internal revenue, receipts by provinces: 500.
Franchises: 501.
Revenue from taxation: 493.
Interior department, expenses, statement of: 503-505.
Interest accrued and unpaid, statement of: 524.
Internal revenue:
Apportionment of: 46.
Stamps, number prepared and shipped: 12.
Piov)ncial and mumcipal —
Collections: 523.
Payments: 523, 524.
650 INDEX.
Intern AL-RKVKNUE agent, examinatioiis for: 118.
Iron, deposits of: 289.
Iron and steel machinery, importation of: 235.
IfiABBLA, PROVINCE OF:
Agriculture: 329.
Boundaries: 328.
Commerce: 328, 329.
Communications: 328.
Crops: 328, 329.
Dibilacan, Bay of: 327.
Embezzlement of the treasurer of Gamu: 328.
Financial conditions: 332, 554.
Floods: 329.
Governor, report of: 326-335.
Industries: 330.
Mails, telegraphs, and telephones: 333.
Manufactures —
Cigar factories: 330.
Furniture: 330.
Municipalities: 327.
Natural resources —
Forests: 330.
Gjrpsum deposits: 330.
Timber, abundance of: 330.
Non-Christian tribes: 334.
Popuhition of: 334.
Police, efficiency of: 331.
Political conditions: 334.
Population: 554.
Provincial government: 327.
Public health and sanitation: 332.
Death rate: 332.
Recommendations: 335.
Roads and bridges: 328, 333.
System of servitude: 3^. •
IwABiG Penal Colony, conditions at: 425.
Judiciary, expenses, statement of: 510.
Knight, Louis G., governor of province of Nubva Vizcaya, report of: 406--411.
La Laguna, province of:
Agriculture: 335, 336.
Cocoanuts: 336.
Price: 336.
Com production: 336.
Hemp production: 336.
Plantations: 336.
Prices: 336.
Rice production: 336.
Prices: 336.
Sugar crops: 336.
Commerce: 336, 337.
Copra, exportation of: 337.
Financial condition: 337, 338, 555.
Crovemor, report of: 335-341.
Land tax: 338, 339.
Assessments: 339.
Loans to: 592.
Manufactures —
Cigar factories: 340.
Oil: 340.
Tobacco sales: 340, 341.
Political conditions: 341.
Population: 555.
Public health: 341.
Public instruction: 340.
Lands, pubuc, sales and lease of, number of: 239.
Land tax:
New assessment of real estate: 85.
Suspension of: 45, 84, 153-155.
Lauohun, Harry E., mentioned: 81.
INDEX. 651
Law Dspartmknt. (See Manila, city of.)
Law division, work of: 162.
Law officer, work of: 17.
Laws:
Committee to compile and codify —
Appointment of : 178.
Report of: 178.
Compilation and codification of: 178, 181.
Cost of: 178.
Leaves of absence:
Accrued leave: 121, 122.
Appointments in the United States: 142.
Elective officers: 140.
Employees reinstated: 140, 141.
Employees resigning: 141. m
Municipal treasurers: 140.
Ri^ht of employee when discharged: 139.
Thirty di^s on half pay: 141.
(See also Civil ServicbO
Legislation enacted bt (jonoress:
Agricultural bank: 3.
Assistant to chief of bureau, rank of: 4.
Philippine government library, documents for: 4*
Legislation recommended:
Coast and geodetic survey: 5.
Law relating to mines and mining: 6.
li^ht-house construction: 6.
Philippine tariff bill: 5.
Quarantine service: 5.
Legislature. (See Assembly.)
Legislative division, work of: 181.
Leon, Manuel de, governor, province ov Tarlac, report of: 477-479.
Lepanto-Bontoc, province of:
Agriculture: 346.
Amburajan, subprovince of —
Agriculture: 350.
Conditions in: 350.
Improvements: 351.
Lieutenant-governor, report of: 350-351,
Public health: 351.
Public schools: 350.
Public works: 350.
Timber: 351.
Township governments: 350.
Bontoc subprovince, conditions in: 344.
Breeding stations: 345.
Cattle raising: 346.
Commerce: 346.
Financial conditions: 347, 348, 558.
Governor —
Duties of: 342.
Report of: 342-349.
Industries: 346.
Kalinga, conditions in subprovince of: 345« •
Natural resources —
Mineral resources —
Copper deposits: 348.
Gold deposits: 348.
Mining claims: 348.
Sawmill, erection of: 348.
Timber: 348.
Peace and order: 102.
Political conditions: 349.
Population: 558.
Provincial government: 342.
Public health and sanitation: 349.
Public instruction: 346, 347.
Public works: 343.
652 INDEX.
Lepanto-Bontoc, fbovikcb oi^-Oontinued.
Roads and bridgee: 343.
Secretary, duties of: 342.
Taxes: 348.
Lbytb, pbovince of:
Financial statement: 559.
Peace and order: 102.
Population: 559.
Library, documents in: 4, 198*
Licenses, collections from: 113.
(See aho Manila, cttt op.)
LiGHT-HOUSEB, cost of construction : 5, 521.
Liquors, importation of: 235.
Live stock, raising of: 187.
Loans to provinces: statement of: 513.
Locusts, damage by: 101, 182.
Prevalence of: 188.
Lopez, Benito, governor, Iloilo Provincb, report of: 322-826.
Lopez, Manuel, govebnob, province of Nbgros Occidental, repart of; 412-416
LosADA^ J., governor, PROVINCE OF Batanoab, leport of: 27i-Zn,
Luna, J., governor, province of La Union, report of: 479-484.
Luzon railroads:
Construction, progress of: 6.
Extensions: 7.
Route of: 6.
McIntyre, Maj. Frank, mentioned: 178.
Maguey:
Cultivation and production of: 100, 186.
Ilocos Norte: 309.
Ilocos Sur: 318.
Union, La: 481.
Exports: 235.
Ilocos Norte: 310.
Malarial fevers, prevalence of: 190.
Manganese, mines of: 310.
Manila-Batanoas Railroad Line, progress of work on: 59.
Manila-Cavpte-Naic Railroad Linb, progress of work on: 60.
Manila, city op:
Assessments and collections, department ol —
Boiler-inspection fees: 621.
Building permits, collections from: 621.
Collections, total: 623.
Dog licenses, number of: 621.
Expenditures: 623.
Fees, fines and costs, collections from: 622.
Internal revenue —
Opium certificates, collections from: 623.
Source of: 622.
Statement of: 623.
Liquor licenses —
Classes: 620.
Number of: 620.
Live Htock, re^tration of: 621.
Manila Electric Railroad and light Company, franchise tax: 628.
Markets, public —
Collections: 113, 620, 819.
Expenses: 619.
Names of: 620.
Number and location: 619.
Matadero —
Animals killed —
Number of: 619.
Weight of: 619.
Collections: 619.
Municipal licenses —
Collections from: 621.
List of: 620.
Pail system, collections from: 62L
IKDEX. 668
Manila, cttt of — Gontintted.
AflBeflsmentB and collectiona, department of— Gontinned*
Peddlen' licenfies: 621.
Public entertainments, licenms for: 621.
Public vehicle licensee, number of: 621.
Baal estate tax —
Amount of: 111, 618.
Collections: 618.
Delinquent tazee: 619.
Rate of: 618.
Tax sales: 618.
Value of taxable property: 618.
Rentals, collections from: 62:
Vault cleaning, coUections from: 621.
Water rents, collections from: 621.
Balance sheet: 525, 526.
Engineering and public works, department of —
Branches: 602.
Boiler inspections, number and coet of: 606*
Biideee, work performed on: 107, 608.
Builaings inspected: 110, 607.
Permits issued: 608.
Value of buildings: 608.
Drafting and surveys: 109, 607.
Expendituree, statement of: 608. 609.
Office force, number and work of: 608.
Plumbing inspection —
Cost of: 607.
Installation: 607.
Ordinances concerning: 607.
Private buildings constructed and repaired, value of material: 609.
Shops, dty —
Location of: 608.
Operation of: 110, 608.
Street construction and bridges —
Bridges —
Ayala Bridge —
Number of: 604.
Opening of: 604.
Cost of: 604.
Repairs, coet of: 604.
Estero improvements: 605.
Paving, permanent —
Coet of: 604.
Material used: 603, 604.
Sidewalks and curbing —
Condition of: 603.
Cost of: 603.
Steam rollers —
Cost of operating: 603.
Work done by: 603.
Streets —
Mileage of: 602.
Paving material, amount and cost of: 602.
Repairs, area under: 602.
Water supply and sewers —
. Coal consumption : 605.
Collections: 108.
Conduit and deposits, condition of: 606u
Distribution system —
Condition of: 606.
Efficiency of: 605.
Installations —
Cost of: 606.
Number made: 600.
Met<
i€p —
Condition of: 606.
Kinds in use: 606.
654 1KD£X«
Manila, city op — Continued.
Engineering and public works, department of— Continued.
Water supply and sewers—Continued.
Pubuc hydrants, number installed: 606.
Pumping station, Santolan, operation of: 605.
Repairs: 108.
Services: 606.
Sewers —
Cost of maintenance and repairs: 106, 606.
Expenditures: 606.
Waterworks, completion of: 239.
Financial report: 595.
Assets and liabilities: 598, 599.
Collections, comparative statement: 597.
Deposits, where made: 596.
Expenditures, comparative statement : 597.
Inventory of real estate: 598.
Nonexpendable personal property, summary of: 598.
Public works: 601.
Recapitulation of expenditures from appropriations: 601.
Receipts and expenditures: 595.
Sewer and waterworks bonds: 596.
Sewers and waterworks construction account: 596, 601, 602.
Sewer and waterworks sinking fund: 596.
Fire department —
Changes and recommendations: 614.
Electric lighting system, reform of: 617.
Electrical brandi, operations: 617.
Equipment, increase in: 615.
Expenditures: 111, 614, 616.
Hoee, condition of: 616.
Inspections: 616.
Losses by fire: 111, 616. *
Personnel: 111, 613.
River and bay, fire protection: 614.
Station buildings: 615, 616.
Stations proposed: 615.
Income, statement of: 526.
Law department —
City attorney, office of —
Personnel: 612.
Salaries: 612.
Justice of the peace, office of —
Personnel: 613.
Salaries: 613.
Municipal court, office of —
Personnel: 612.
Salaries: 612.
Work of: 612.
Prosecuting attorney, office of—
Appropriations: 612.
Personnel: 612.
Work performed: 612.
Register of deeds, office of —
Personnel: 612.
Salaries: 612.
Work performed: 613.
Sheriff, office of —
Personnel: 613.
Salaries: 613.
I/oans, 521.
Markets, public —
Expenses: 113, 625.
Receipts: 113, 625.
Stands, method of assignment: 623-625.
Strikes at: 623, 624.
INDEX. 665
Manila, city of— Continued.
Municipal board —
Members: 593.
Ordinances passed, list oi: 693.
Report of: 593.
Sessions held: 593.
Work of: 593.
Police department —
Arrests, nationality of: 110, 611.
Changes: 611.
Cooperation with constabulary: 611.
Expenditures: 110, 610, 611.
Health of police: 611.
Officers, number of: 610.
Operations of: 110, 609, 611.
Police fund: 611.
Salaries and wages: 611.
Secret-service bureau, work of: 610, 611.
Public buildings, repairs to: 109.
Receipts and expenditures: 114-116.
Revenues: 493.
Sanitation and transportation, department of: 629.
Cemeteries —
Expenditures: 631, 632.
Interments made: 631.
Fillmg of land and city dumps: 630.
Land transportation —
City stables, cost of operation: 632.
Equipment: 632.
Expenditures: 632.
Markets, receipts and expenditures: 631.
Night soil, collection ana disposal of — ,
Collections: 631.
Cost: 631.
Operations, cost of : 633.
Parks, condition of: 632.
Pound-
Animals impounded: 631.
Expenditures: 631.
Refuse, collection and disposal of: 630.
Street sprinkling, cost of work: 630.
Street sweeping, cost of work : 630.
Schools —
Attendance: 114.
Districts, classification of: 626.
Enrollment: 626.
Furniture: 627.
Schoolhouses, number, location, and rental : 113, 626, 627.
Teachers, number and salaries paid: 113, 628.
Sewer and waterworks construction, department of —
Sewerage system —
Completion of: 108, 239.
Cost of: 108.
Expenditures: 629.
Income: 629.
Storm-water drain: 629.
Water supply —
Construction work : 628.
Cost of: 628.
Work done: 628.
Special accounts: 528.
Street construction and repairs: lOO.
Taxes on real estate: 111.
Manila Harbor:
Expenditures: 521.
Harbor work, completion of: 60.
656 IKDEX.
Manila Harbob— Continued.
Wharves —
GoetQf: 60.
Progress of work on: 60.
MANaA-TARLAc Tramway Gc, work accomplished on narrow-gauge railToad: 60«
Manufactures and iNDuarrRiBa:
Bataan: 270.
Batangas: 274.
Bohol: 285.
Bulacan: 289.
Capiz: 299.
Cavite: 303.
Ilocos Norte: 309.
IlocosSur: 316,320.
IloUo: 325.
Isabela: 330.
La Laguna: 340.
Lepanto-Bontoc: 346.
Occidental Negros: 413.
Oriental Negros: 418.
Pampanga: 428.
Pangasinan: 432.
Rizal: 439.
Romblon: 446.
Sorsogon: 465.
Surigao: 475.
Tarlac: 477.
Zambales: 488.
Marblb, deposits of: 464, 475.
Marine Railway and Repair Shop, improYements, expenditures: 521.
Mariquina-Montalban Railroad line, progress of work on: 69.
Markets, receipts and expenses: 113.
See also Manila, City op.
Marron, Bonifacio, qovebnor proyincb op Romblon, report of: 445-449.
Mercantile Trust Company, St. Louis, Mo., depositary of Philippine funds, when
declared: 11.
Miller, Edw. Y., governor, proyincb op Palawan, report of: 424-427.
MiNDORO, PROVINCE OF:
Agricultural conditions: 351, 353.
Education: 355.
Financial conditions: 354, 355, 561.
Governor, report of: 351-357.
Loans to: 59z.
Manufactures: 354.
Natural resources: 354.
Non-Christian tribes: 355, 856.
Political conditions: 356.
Population: 561.
Public health: 356.
Recommendations: 356.
Taxes: 352.
Mining laws, amendments recommended: 6, 69, 70.
MiSAMIS, PROVINCE OP:
Agricultural conditions: 357-359.
Abaca: 357.
Cacao: 358.
Coffee: 358.
Copra: 357.
Fruits: 359.
Maguey: 358.
Maize: 358.
Rice: 358.
Suear: 358.
Tobacco: 358.
Tubers: 359.
Commerce: 359.
Economic conditions: 359.
Factories: 362.
iKOBx. 667
MiBAMis, PROVINCE OF— Continued.
Financial conditionfi: 360, 361, 562.
Governor, report of: 367-364.
InduBtries: 362.
Locusts: 359.
Natural wealth: 362.
Non-Christian tribes: 362.
Political conditions: 363. •
Population: 562.
PuDlic health and hygiene: 363.
Public instruction: 361.
Recommendations: 363.
Money-order fund, statement of: 524.
MoNREAL, B., GOVERNOR, PROVINCE OF SoRsoGON, repoit of : 456-471*
MoNTALON, Julian (outlaw), sentence of: 36.
Commutation of: 3&-42.
MoRO Province:
Cedulatax: 380.
Compulsory school law : 380.
Constabulflury: 396.
Cotabato, district of: 388-390.
Agricultural conditions: 388.
Forests: 389.
Peace and order: 388.
Rubber plants: 388.
Davao, district of: 38^-388.
Agricultural conditions: 387.
Cocoanut cultivation : 387.
Hemp cultivation: 387.
Rubber cultivation: 388.
Peace and order: 386.
Progress in government: 386, 387.
Education: 374-379.
Buildings, construction and repairs of: 378.
Children, number of: 377.
Cost of operation of department of: 379.
Enrollment: 376, 377.
Industrial education: 376.
Inspections: 375.
Night schools: 375.
Population, density of: 377.
Primary course of instruction, report on: 376.
Schools in operation : 375.
Teachers —
Hardships: 375.
Number of: 374.
Salary: 375.
Vacation normal schools: 375.
Financial conditions: 364-372, 563.
Forest products: 381.
Governor, report of: 364-397.
Lanao, district of: 383-38G.
Commerce, value of exports and imports: 384.
Dansalan —
Buildings constructed : 383.
Capital invested: 383.
Establishment of: 383, 384.
Iligan —
Agricultural conditions: 383,
Capital invested: 383.
Exports and imports : 383.
Population of: 383.
Malabanp: —
Agricultural conditions: 383.
Capital invested: 383.
Fire at: 383.
Population of: 383.
Puolic improvements: 383.
11024r-WAR 1907— VOL 7 42
658 INDEX.
MoRO Provincb — Continued.
Lanao, difitrict of — Continued.
Markets: 3S4.
Peace and otder: 384, 385.
Tribal ward courts: 386.
Land law: 380.
Laws of: 98, 179.
j'eace and order: 103.
Personnel, changes in: 396, 397.
Cotabato district: 396.
Davao district: 397.
Lonao district: 397.
Sulu district: 397.
Population: 563.
Ports of entry: 373.
Prisoners, labor by: 380.
Public works: 373, 374.
Water and sewer systems: 374.
Koad law: 380.
£an Ramon farm —
Operation of: 379.
Receipts and expenditures: 379 380.
fiulu, district of —
Agricultural conditions: 390.
Houses, increase in number of: 390.
Improvements in: 390.
Inspections, result of: 391, 392.
Jolo Trading Company: 391.
Moro Exchange: 391.
Peace and order: 391, 392.
Siasi, population and conditions in: 390.
Subdivisions: 390.
Tobacco, sale of: 391.
Tribal wards and tribal ward courts: 392-396.
Changes recommended: 395, 396.
Headmen, duties of: 394, 395.
Laws and customs: 393.
Oiganization; 393, 394, 395.
Zamboanga. district of: 381-383.
Agricultural conditions: 382.
Business interests: 382.
Cattle: 382.
Filipino population: 381.
Government: 381.
Moro exchanges in operation: 383.
Peace and order: 38z.
Political advancement: 381.
Subdivisions: 381.
Tribal ward courts: 383.
Municipal Board. {See Manila, Gitt of).
Municipal funds, statement of: 90-92.
Municipal governments:
Changes in: 92, 93, 167.
Financial statements: 533, 588-590.
Financial statement consolidated: 591.
Credits: 591.
Debits: 591.
Revenues from taxation: 493.
Municipal officials, chaxges against: 95, 162, 199.
MUNICIPALnTES:
Ex^nditures: 46, 27.
Salaries: 47.
Improvements in: 46, 92.
Public works, expenditures for: 241-245.
MuRciA, financial condition: 47.
Nacionalistas PARTY IN THB Phiupfinb Assbmblt, HumboT of : 6, 49.
Natural resources:
Albay: 254.
Ambos Camarines: 260.
INDEX. 659
Natural resources— Continued.
Bataan: 271.
Batangas: 275.
Benguet: 281.
Bohol: 286.
Bulacan: 289.
Capiz: 300.
Cavite: 304.
IlocoB Norte: 310.
Ilocoe Sur: 316.
Abra: 320.
Isabela: 330.
Lepanto-Bontoc: 348.
Moro: 381.
NuevaEcija: 401.
Palawan: 424.
Pangasinan: 438.
Soreogon: 464.
Surigao: 475.
Tarlac: 477.
Zambales: 489.
Neoros, island of, raUroads, progress of work on: 8, 59«
Neoros Occidental, province of:
Agriculture: 412.
Gominerce: 413.
Economic situation: 413.
Financial condition: 413, 414, 568.
Governor, report of: 412-416.
Industries: 413.
Loans to: 592.
Locusts, destruction by: 412.
Politics: 415, 416.
Population: 568.
Public instruction: 413.
Public order: 415.
Public works: 414, 415.
Rinderpest, pre valance of: 412.
Neoros Oriental, province of:
Agriculture: 419, 420.
Commerce: 420.
Economic conditions: 416.
Factories —
Nipa: 418.
Sacks, manufacture of: 418.
Soap: 418.
Financial conditions: 416, 417, 422, 423, 569.
Forests: 418.
Governor, report of: 416-421.
Industries: 418.
Lbans to: 592.
Locusts, destruction by: 420.
Non-Christian tribes: 418, 419.
Peace and order: 416.
Political conditions: 420.
Population: 569.
Public health and sanitation: 419.
Public instruction: 417.
SiUiman Institute: 418.
Newspaper, El Heraldo Bicol: 246.
Non-Christian tribes:
Condition of, in provinces: 195-197.
Funds: 197.
Schools: 197.
NUEVA ECUA, PROVINCE OF:
Agriculture: 397, 398.
Commerce: 398.
Dxaft animals: 398.
Financial conditions: 398, 399, 406, 566.
Forestry: 401.
66U INDEX.
NuBVA EcuA, PROVINCE OF — Continued.
Governor, report of: 397-406.
Immigration: 397.
Industries: 400.
Loans to: 592.
Natural reaourcee: 401.
Non-Christian tribes, condition of: 401, 402.
Peace and order: 402, 403.
Political conditions: 402.
Population: 565.
PuDlic health and sanitation: 403.
Cholera: 404.
Deaths, causes of: 404.
Smallpox: 404.
Public instruction: 399, 400.
Attendance: 400.
Expenditures: 400.
Report of the division superintendent: 399, 400.
Schools —
Erection of: 399, 400.
Number of: 399.
Recommendations: 405.
Rice crop: 398.
Stock raising: 401.
NUEVA ViZCAYA, PROVINCE OP:
Agriculture: 407.
Commerce: 407.
Division superintendent of schools, report of: 411, 412.
Financial conditions: 408, 566.
Floods: 407.
General conditions: 406, 407.
Governor, report of: 406-411.
Irrigation canals, damages to: 407.
Non -Christian tribes: 410.
Population: 566.
Provincial supervisors, needs of: 411.
Public works: 408, 409.
Roads: 408.
" Township and settlement fund: 409, 410.
Transportation facilities: 407.
Oil factory, operation of: 285.
Oils, importation of: 235.
Officials:
Charges against: 95.
Transportation of: 95, 159.
Offley, R. S., governor of Mindoro Province, report of: 351-357.
Opium, importation of: 235.
Oranges, production of: 186.
Ordinances, list of: 593.
Ortega, J., ueuten ant-govern or subprovince of Abra, report of: 318-3211
Oborio, Leonardo, governor Cavite Province, report of: 302, 305.
Otoy, Papa (outlaw), operations: 44.
Outlaws, sentence of: 36.
Commutation, reasons for: 37-42.
Pack, William F., governor Benguet Province, report of: 277-282. I
Palawan, province op:
Agriculture: 424.
Crime: 425. '
Education: 424.
Financial conditions: 425, 570. ,
Governor, report of: 424-427.
Health: 427.
Iwahig penal colony: 425. |
Non-Clirifltian tribes: 425.
Peonage, measures recommended against: 426.
Police: 425. I
Political conditions: 426.
Population: 570. i
•
I
I
IKDEX. 661
Palawan, frovincs of — Continued.
Public works: 424.
Timber industry: 424,
Voters, number of: 427.
Palay. (See Ricb.)
Palmer, Capt. John McA., appointment of: 397*
Pampanga, provincs of:
Agriculture: 427.
Commerce: 428.
Economics: 428.
Financial conditions: 428, 429, 572.
Governor, report of: 427-431.
Industries —
Hats, manu&ctiure of: 428.
Rice-hulling mills: 428.
Shoe factories: 428.
Tobacco factories: 428.
Political conditions: 430.
Population: 572.
Puolic health and hygiene —
Births, number of: 431.
Cholera, deaths from: 431^
Deaths, number of: 431.
Wells sunk: 431.
Public improvements: 430.
Public instruction —
Attendance: 430.
Schoolhouses: 428.
Teachers, number of: 429.
Pan AT, island of, railroads:
Construction, progress of: 7.
Number of men employed: 7.
Progress of work on: 59.
Route of: 7.
Track laid: 7.
Panoasinan, province of:
Agriculture: 432.
Cocoanuts: 432.
Economic conditions: 434, 435.
Education —
Attendance: 437.
Receipts and expenditures: 437.
Schools, number of: 437.
Financial statement: 573.
General conditions: 431, 432.
Governor, report of: 431-439.
Industry, commerce^ and manu&ictures: 432^
Jail, improvements in: 434.
Loans to: 592.
Municipalities, improvements in: 433.
Natural resources —
Forests: 438.
Mining claims: 439.
Non-Christian tribes: 438.
Peace and order: 431, 438.
Political conditions: 432, 433.
^ Population: 432, 573.
Public health and hygiene^
Births, number of: 438.
Deaths, number of: 438.
Public ^orks: 435.
Religious conditions: 432, 433.
Roads: 435, 436.
Social conditions: 432, 433.
Paniqui-Cahiuno Railroad Line, progreas of work on: 00.
Paniqui-Tayug Railroad Line, progress of work on: 59.
Paper, importation of: 235.
Paper currency. {See Currenct.)
662 ' INDEX.
Paranaqub Bridge, expenditures: 52L .
Pardons, number of: 95, 161, 594.
Pasio River, expenditures: 521.
Passports, issuance of: 181.
Patents, registration of: 172.
Peace and order, conditions as to: 36-44.
Penal code, progress on: 180.
Philippine Assembly. (See Assembly, Philippine.)
PmuppiNE Commission. {See Commission, Phujpfinx.)
Philippine Islands:
Area of:- 234.
Number of: 234.
Population of: 234.
Revenue, amount of: 234.
Comparison with other colonies: 234.
Philippine Products Company, trading stations established by: 36L
Philippine Railway Company, expenditures made by: 60.
Phiuppine Reports, compilation and publication: 182.
Police department, city op Manila. (See Manila, city of.)
Postage stamps, number prepared and snipped: 12.
Postal Savings Bane, fmancial statement: 525.
(See Bank, postal savings.)
Progresistas party in the Philippins Assembly, number of: 49.
Property, public, inspection of: 158.
Provinces:
Affairs in: 151.
Economic and financial condition: 193, 194.
Loans made by: 153.
Loans to: 194.
Number of: 93.
pRoviNCTAL boards, MEMBERS OF, and changes in: 44, 97, 151, 152.
Provincial funds:
Deposits of: 89.
Economies in salary expense: 90.
Interest-bearing, deposits of: 155.
Receipts and disbursements, statement of: 86-89.
pROviNaAL government:
Changes in: 82, 83, 157.
Financial statements, 532-585.
Loans to: 592.
Payments in lieu of land tax: 533.
Revenue from taxation: 493.
Provincial governors, (See Governors, provincial.)
^ Provincial officials, charges against: 95, 162, 199.
' PuBUC order, condition of: 101-103, 189.
Public works and permanent improvement fund:
Disbursements from: 16.
Operations, statement of: 520-521.
Public instruction, department of, expenses, statement of: 509.
Puerto Princesa, causeway and wharf, expenditures: 521.
PuLAHANBS, Operations of: 43, 44.
Quarantine service, recommendations relative to cost of: 6.
Railroads:
Acts granting concessions to: 58.
Bond issue authorized: 60.
Concessions granted: 6.
Milea^: 6.
Construction —
DiflRculties encountered: 8.
Progress of: 6.
Cebu: 7.
Luzon: 6.
Negros: 8.
Panay: 7.
Manila Railroad Company jprogress of work-
Ant ipolo line beyond T^ytay: 60, 238.
Belt line, Manila: 59, 238.
Cavite short line: 238.
INDEX. 663
Railroads — Continued.
Manila Railroad Company, progreaa of work — Continued.
Dau-Magalang line: 59, 238.
Manila-Batangas line: 59.
Manila-Cavite-Naic line: 60.
Mariquina-Montalban line: 59, 238.
Paniqui-Tayug line: 59. 238.
San Fabian-Camp One line: 59. 238.
San Fernando-Florida Blanca line: 59, 238.
San Fernando-Union liiie: 59, 238.
Santo Tomaa-Lucena line: 60.
Miles ii^ operation in 1898: 6.
Paniqui-Cfamiling line, progress of work: 60, 238.
Philippine Railway Company, progress of work —
Cebu, island of: 58, 239.
Negros, island of: 59, 239.
Panay, island of: 59, 239.
Real estate, new assessment: 85.
Receipts and expenditures of Phiuppimb ooybrnmbnt:
Expenditures, amount of: 16.
Insular: 16.
Manila, city of: 16.
Revenues, amount of: 16.
Record^ division, work of: 182.
Reed, William A., oovernor Lepanto-Bomtog Province, report of: 342-349.
Reeves, Capt. J. H., resignation of: 397.
Registrations:
Election of dele^tes, number of: 202.
Municipal elections, number of: 201.
{See also Assembly, Philippine.)
Revenues from taxation: 493.
Reynolds, Chas. A., governor Albay Provincb, report of: 246~258«
Rice:
Cultivation and production of: 98, 183.
Albay: 248.
Ambos Camarines: 259, 260.
Antique: 263.
Bohol: 283.
Bulacan: 287.
Capiz: 297.
Ilocos Norte: 309.
Uocoe Sur: 318.
Iloilo: 324.
La Laguna: 336.
Pampanga: 427.
Suri^: 472.
Exportation —
Antique: 265.
Capiz: 298.
Ilocos Norte: 310.
Surieao: 473.
Zambales: 488.
Imports: 235.
Iloilo: 324.
Price of —
lilocos Sur: 319.
IloUo: 324.
La Lafi;una: 336.
Romblon: 446.
Surigao: 473.
Union, La: 481.
Reduction of duty on: 178, 179.
RiNDERPEETy prevalence of: 100, 187, 237.
RiZAL, proyincb op:
A^culture: 439.
Financial conditions: 440, 574.
Governor, report of: 439-445.
Industry and commerce: 439.
664 INDEX.
RizAL, PRoviNCB o»— Continued.
"K. K. K." Society: 440.
Lepers: 441.
Loans to: 592.
Municipal improvements: 445.
Political situation: 440.
Population: 439, 574.
Public health: 441.
Public instruction —
Schools —
Buildings, condition of : 443.
Funds: 443.
Number of: 442.
Pri^^ress made: 443.
Teachers —
Normal school: 444.
Number of: 442.
Public works —
Buildings: 445.
Roads and bridges: 444.
Bo ADS AND BRII/GES:
Condition of: 236.
Expenditures: 518.
Fund, internal-revenue, allotted to: 46*
Rovince of —
Albay: 252-254.
Bataan: 271.
Batangas: 275.
Bulacan: 290, 291.
Cagayan: 295.
Ilocos Norte: 307, 313.
Ilocop Sur: 321.
Iloilo: 326.
Isabela: 328, 333.
La Union: 484.
Lepanto-Bontoc: 343.
Nueva Vizcaya: 408.
Pangasinan: 435, 436.
Kiz^: 444.
Romblon: 447.
Samar: 451.
Zambales: 485.
Robbers, operations by: 101.
Romblon, province of:
Agricultiu*e —
Copra, production of: 445.
Hemp, production of: 445.
Tobacco, production of: 445.
Annexed to Capiz: 93.
Commerce —
Copra, price of: 446.
Hemp, price of: 446.
Rice, price of: 446.
TobaccOj price of: 446.
Communications: 448.
Elections: 449.
Financial conditions: 446, 447, 576.
Governor, report of: 445-449.
Industries: 446.
Loans to: 592.
Peace and order: 449.
Political conditions: 449.
Population: 576.
Public health: 449.
Public instruction: 448.
Public works: 447, 448.
Roads and bridges: 447.
RoxAS, Hon. Fbux M., speech of: 204.
INDEX. 666
Sakat, Macario (outlaw), sentence of: 3G,
Commutation denied: 36-42.
Salabibs, adjustment of: 120, 121.
Salary bxpbnsb, economies in: 155.
Sala:^ar, a., qovernob Antique Provincb, repoit of 263-268.
Salvador, Felipe (outlaw), operations of: 44.
Samar, provimce op:
Administration: 455.
Agricultural conditions: 451.
Commerce and transportation: 45L
Constabulary: 455.
Education —
Attendance: 452.
Teachers, number of: 452.
Financial condition: 451, 577.
Governor, report of: 44^56.
Jail and prisoners: 454.
Loans: 592.
Municipal governments: 453.
Peace and order: 102, 449, 450.
Police and volunteers: 454, 455.
Political conditions: 450.
Population: 592.
Poet-offices: 452.
Jhiblic health and sanitation: 453.
Pulahanism: 454.
Recommendations —
Internal revenue and taxation: 456.
Land tax: 455.
Roads and bridges: 455.
Roads and bridges: 451.
Sandiko, T., oovbrnor Bulacan Provincb, report of: 286-293.
San Fabian-Camp Onb Railroad Line, proeress of work on: 59.
San FernandO'Florida Blanca Railroad Line, progress of work on: 59.
San Fernando-Union Railroad Line, progress of work on: 60.
Sanitation, condition in provinces: 190.
San Juan de Dios Hospital:
Contract with: 594.
Cost of: 594.
Santo Dominoo:
Customs receivership: 21.
Appointments, by whom made: 22.
Modus Vivendi, text of: 25.
Collections under, amount of: 21, 26.
Disposition of : 22.
Treaty-
Executive order prescribing regulations: 3L
Ratification of: 22.
Text of: 27.
Debt of—
Amount of: 22.
Provisions for payment ol: 23, 23.
Supplies purchased for: 13.
ito To
Santo Tomas-Lucena Railroad Line, progceas of work on: 60.
Schools:
Fund, internal revenue allotted to: 46.
Manila: 113.
{See aUo Manila, citt or.)
Number of —
Agricultural: 237.
Arts and trades: 237.
Domestic science: 237.
Intermediate: 237.
Primary: 237.
Provincial high: 237.
(See also Education.)
Sbwers. (See Manila, crrv op.)
Sewer and waterworks construction fund, disbursements fiom: 16.
666 INDEX.
Sharp, G. W. C, appointment of: 3©7.
Shiffino act, effect of: 63, 64.
Shuster, Hon. W. Morgan, appoiktmsnt:
Commiasioner: 179.
Secretary of public instruction: 36.
Silver, deposits of: 489.
(See alio Gurrbnct.)
SiLANO Road Bridge, exnenditures: 521.
Sisal, cultivation and production of: 100, 186.
Smallpox, prevalence of : 191.
Smith, Hon. James F., governor-general:
Inauguration of: 36, 179.
Speech of: 205-209.
Spanish-Filipino coins. {See Currency.)
SoRSOGON, province op:
Agriculture: 456, 457.
Abaca production: 457.
Buildings, condition of: 459, 460,
Commerce: 457-459.
Economic conditions: 459.
Financial conditions: 578.
Annual bud^t: 467.
Expenditures: 468.
Revenues: 467.
Masbate, subprovince of: 469-471.
Municipalities, general balances of: 467.
Governor, report of: 456-471.
Industries: 465.
Loans to: 592.
Manufactures: 465.
Masbate, subprovince of, financial condition of: 469-47L
Mineral resources —
. Coal: 464.
Gypsum: 464.
Marble: 464.
Sulphur: 464.
Municipalities, conditions in: 460, 461.
Natural resources: 464.
Non-Christian tribes: 465.
Political conditions: 464.
Population: 578.
PuDlic health and sanitation: 465.
Public instruction: 462-464.
Attendance: 463.
Progress: 462.
Recommendations: 465, 466.
Stamps, numberprepared and shipped: 12.
Steever, Col. E. Z., appointment, 397.
Stenographers, examinations for: 118.
Stone quarries, location of: 304.
Streets, Manila. (See Manila, city of.)
Students. (See Filipino stxtdents in the Unitid Statm.)
Sugar:
Cultivation and production of: 100, 185.
Antique: 263, 264.
Bulacan: 287.
Capiz: 297.
Ilocos Sur: 318.
Iloilo: 323.
La Laguna: 336.
Exports: 15, 62, 63, 235.
Antique: 265.
Iloilo: 324.
Factories, Bataan: 270.
Prices —
IloUo: 324.
Union, La: 481.
Sulphur, deposits of: 464.
INDEX. 667
SUFPLIES furchassd:
Cuba: 13.
Dominican receivership, amount for: 13.
New York office: 13.
Employees of: 13.
Philippine Islands: 12, 13.
shipments, how niade: 13.
SUFREMB CoUBT:
Reporter, appointment of: 182.
Reports of, compilation and publication of: 182.
SURIQAO, PROVINCE OP:
Agriculture: 471,472.
Abaca, cultivation of: 472.
CocoanutSj cultivation of: 472.
Rice, cultivation of: 472.
Commerce: 472,473.
Hemp-
Exportation of: 473.
Value of: 473.
Rice-
Exportation of: 473.
Price of: 473.
Commercial houses: 473.
Factories: •475. «
Financial conditions: 473, 580.
Governor, report of: 471-476.
Industries: 475.
Natural resources —
Forests: 475.
Minerals —
Claims, number of: 475.
Coal deposits: 475.
Gold deposits: 475.
Gypsum: 475.
Marble: 475.
Non-Christian tribes: 475.
Politics: 475, 476.
Population: 580.
Puolic health and sanitation: 476.
Public instruction —
Attendance: 474.
Teachers, number of: 474.
Public property: 474.
Surra, prevalence of: 101, 187.
Surveyors, examinations for: 118.
Survey parties, expenditures for maintenance: 521.
Tapt, Hon. William H., Secretary op War:
Public reception to: 204.
Speech on tne opening of the assembly: 206-215.
Taripp, recommendations relative to reduction of duties:
Tarlac, province op:
Agriculture: 477.
Commerce: 477.
FinanciiJ conditions: 478, 581.
Governor, report of: 477-479.
Industries: 477.
Loans to: 592.
Natural wealth: 477.
Non-Christian tribes: 479.
Political conditions: 477.
Population: 591.
Public health-
Births: 478.
Deaths, number of: 478.
Public instruction: 477.
Schools, number of: 478.
Public works: 478.
RB8 IKDEX.
Tayabas, province of:
Financial statement: 582.
Loans to: 592.
Population: 582.
Taxes:
Condition regarding payment of: 194.
Internal revenue, compared with Spaniah times: 233, 234.
Revenues from: 493.
Teachers:
Manila, city of: 113. •
Number of: 193, 237.
Tobacco:
Cultivation and production of: 99, 185.
Ilocos Norte: 309.
Ilocos Sur: 318.
Iloilo: 324.
Romblon: 445.
Exports: 15, 63, 235.
Ilocos Sur: 319.
La Laguna: 340, 341.
Moro rrovince, Sulu district: 391.
Factories —
Bulacan: 289.
La Laguna: 340. ,
Pampanga: 428.
Price*—
Iloilo: 324.
Romblon: 446.
Union, La: 481.
Quality deteriorated, cause: 236.
Trade-marks, registration of: 172.
Trade. (See Commercial statistics.)
Translating division, work of: 180.
Transportation, officials, employees, and Filipino students: 95, 144, 159,
Treasurers, provincial:
Assistants, examinations for: 117.
Condition of: 157.
Treasury, insular, condition of: 239, 240.
Trust funds, operations of: 522.
Unexpended balances of appropriations, abstract of:
Aid to provinces: 496.
Bureaus and offices: 495.
City of Manila: 498.
Congressional relief fund: 497.
Miscellaneous expenses and fixed charges: 495.
Miscellaneous liabilities of government: 497.
Public works and permanent improvement fund (bond iasue): 497.
Public works from insular revenues: 496.
Self-sustaining bureaus and funds: 496.
Union, la, province of:
Agriculture: 480.
Assembly, elections for: 480.
Commerce —
Carabaos, price of: 481.
Maguey, price of: 481.
Rice, price of: 481.
Sugar, price of: 481.
Tobacco, price of: 481.
Financial conditions: 482, 484, 557.
Governor, report of: 479-484.
Governor-general, visit of: 480.
Loans to: 592.
Municipal governments, progress made: 479.
Politics: 483.
Population: 557.
Provincial government and board: 479.
Public health and sanitation: 482, 483.
INDEX. 669
Union, la, province of — Continued.
Public instruction —
Attendance: 482.
School buildings: 481, 482.
Teachers, number of: 482.
Public order: 483.
^oads and bridges: 484.
Vaccinations, number of: 191.
Vagrants, deportation of: 160.
Vega, Lucio de (outlaw), sentence of: 36.
Commutation denied: 36-42.
Velez, Apolinar, governor Misamis Province, report of: 357-364.
ViLLAFUERTB, Leon (outlaw), sentence of: 36.
Commutation of: 36-42.
ViLLAMOR, Blab, governor Isabela Province, report of: 336-338.
ViLLANUEVA, HeRMENEGILDO, GOVERNOR PROVINCE OF ORIENTAL NeGROS, repOrt
of: 416-421.
Voters:
Qualifications of: 164, 165.
Statistics as to qualified: 163.
Walker, Lieut. Allen, appointment: 397.
Washburn, William S., director of civil service, report of: 117-128.
Waterworks. {See Manila, city of.)
Welch, Thomas Gary, mentioned: 81.
Wood, Gen. Leonard, mentioned: 204,
Wright-Tapt road, expenditures: 521.
Zambales, province of:
Agriculture: 487.
Commerce —
Charcoal: 488.
Rattan: 488.
Rice exported: 488.
Consolidation: 491.
Economic conditions: 485.
Factories: 489.
Financial conditions: 485, 584.
Governor, report of: 484-491.
Industries: 488.
Loans to: 592.
Natural wealth —
Forests: 489.
Mineral resources —
Coal: 489.
Gold: 489.
Silver: 489.
Non-Christian tribes: 489.
Peace and order: 490.
Politics: 490.
Population: 584.
Puolic health and hygiene: 491.
Public instruction —
School buildings: 486.
Teachers, salary of: 486.
Roads and bridges: 485.
Zlalcita, L. L., governor Batan Province, report of: 268-273.
N
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